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The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmis A des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichi, il est film* A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droita, at de haut en bas, en prenant la nombra d'imagas nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivents illustrent la mithode. ata slure. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^m . . k*-' f. ■ "^ * rjU)XTLSI>Il':Ci:A>AMfa-ibiisLMttaaFOUt)EinTiON«'/i^^A^^^ f/ CM'T". COOK'S\'OY.\GEg aV. CgMPLETE Nj ' f,iti/,iA/i/' / fri/rii ^f:iii itii I'l'it/ni'if ■r-tili/'/ri/ •Iff- /ii/nn'ii> /•!/• //.'•/Aif/i/f/i . I .. .'..„ r /.',,J, .//, .11,^ '//., ' /'./Aff*-4Af''i'Ml . .V, />/ "// > 11 ^T. -^.T. V^^- -rl^^ilig rr'-rrs^ri' ■ f ';,^ir!!!.''i-t"r-r" ■^>K-»--" w^iC ^-^•:-» ^_ h,-l «L, 'ii^iiS:'' 'M I A r >. NEW, AUTHENTIC, and COMPLETE COLLECTION of Voyages Round the World, Undertaken and Performed by ROYAL AUTHORITY. Containing an Authentic, Entertaining, Full, and Complete HISTORY of "" ' Captain C O O K 's Fim, Second, Third and Laft IV o Y A G E s. Undertaken by Order of his PRESENT MAJESTY, F O R M A K I N G DISCOVERIES in GEOGRAPHY, NAVIGATION, ASTRONOMY, &c. in the Southern and Northern Hemispherks, &c. &c. &c. ANn SUCCESSIVF, LV PERKORMKD In fhfv Years 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771—1772, 1773, 1771, 1775— i??^' ^777> ^77^' ^779> 1780* The FirR Voyage — being piofefledly undertaken in his MajeflyTShip the Endeavour, for making Difcoveries in the Sonthcin Heniilphere, and round the World. rhe Second — in the Refolution and Adventure, for making Difcoveries towards the South Pole, and round the World. The Third and Lail — in the Refolution and Difcovery, to the Pacific Ocean, for making Diftrovevies in the Northsril Hemifphcre, and to determine the Pofition and Extent of the Wcfl Side of North America; its Diftanre ffom Afia ; and the Pradicability of a Northern Pallagc to Europe. Comprehending, among the greatefl Variety of the mod intereding Tranlatlions, a faithful Account of all the Particulars relative to the unfortunate Death of Capt. Cook, with his Life, &c. &c. Including likcwifc all the curiou.s Remark.s communicated to this Country bv Capt. Cook's principal AfliRants in per- forming and conducting thefc celebrated Voyages, viz. Sir [ofcph Banks, Dr. Soiandcr, Dr. King, Dr. Hawkcfv/orth, Dr. Forder, Mr. Forfter, Capt. Clerkc, Capt. Gore, Mr. Ellis,"&c. &c. together with Capt. Furneaux's Narrative of his Pro- ceedings in the Adventure during the Separation of the Ships in the Second Voyage. T O W H I C H W I L L B F. A D D E D, " Genuine Narraiivcs of other Voyages ol Difcovery Roiitid llie W orld, &c. undertaken, performed, and written by Englidi Circum-Navigators, Ice. underilieSanflionof Govcriiinoni, viz. tliofe of Lord Hyron, Capt. Wam.is, Caj)t. Cartkrf.t, Lord Mul<;rave, Lord Anson, Mr. Parkinson, CaM.Lf rvviOGK, Mi'd". Ivt.s, Middlkton, Smith, Mooke,&i:, &i'. itr. Likewilc a faithful Relation ol tlie Siih:taiicc of all llile moll remarkable and important I'lavfls and Journeys, which liavc been iiiiilcrtaken at various Times to the ditfercnt Quarters ol the World ; i particularly ibore of Han WAY, Hamilton, Hkrhkkt, Drum mono, Pocock,Siia\v, Stu art, Kalm,Cakvkr,Dai.rympi.f, Burnet Addison, BarrettIiKeysi.ek, Tiiickn kss, '1'\viss,Bryuonf.,Chandi.kr, Joiinson,Smoi.i.kt, Moore, Wra.\ai i., &c. The Whole comprehcndinjr a full ACCOUNT, from the EARLIKST PERIOD to the PRESENT TIME, Of whatever is curious, eutcrtaiuiii Voy ac; ls, &c. S:c. S;c.) all the elegant, fpleildid, and fine Lakre Foi.Io CoppuR-Pi.ATbs, belonjring to his Third and Last Voyack, being Views ot Places, Toitiaits of Perfons, and hilioricHl Reprefematicns of remarkable Intidcntj during this celebrated Navi« atoh's Vov ace to the Pacific Ockan ; together with the necciraty Maps, Charts, Plans, Draughts, S;c. fliewing the Tracks ol' the Ships, and relative to Countries now (ir:t difcovered, or Mrtiertobut iinperl'eftty known ; the Wliole (amounting tu upwards ofONE Hundrkd and Fifty Coi'PF.r-Pi. axes, containini^ about Two HUNORKD and TwtNTV moil tlegant and Siipeib Enc«.\vi.ng») (iitely eiigraved and accurately copied from the Originals by the mod cniinent Malters. h il proper lo obfcivt, thit fom« otlier Eiluitn^of lli-ff Woikj (uimecctfirily citenileJ to many Volumfs, by lorfp Priiiitilg, Itlanli Pjpcr, antottier ArlifiCfl praftifci by mrrceiury Perfons) wouU colt t Purcliulcr the ciiorniuul Sunt ot tipwjrdb ot TwMit/ (.uii.rjsi fn tha. m^ny Thoutiiiil^ ol Pt'il'on^ who m'-ilj \«ith to pciiil't: ttic DilVo^crir) tliu^ parlijlly tommun.caird to the tV«rl4, and view llie aitoniftting line Copper- PIjim, havr hiit.eno liccii ciclujrj from gratilsing Oicir eaprr Cuiioiiiy ( l>«( tlie rRr.ir.Nt F.uition, by bciut: publitheil in only Eniii r v Six-rftNNV Nw«. Its, inukiiillf *lien cdm^lclrd, cither Onc or Two vtry Large fijttitbme Volumis in Volinl enablet every Perlbn, whatever miy be liis L'iriumltances, to become l«mtU«iy Keuiietcd with ihofe eitraoidinirr aud important Voyagec and l)iK-ovctie>., in the Pcrformanie and Proferxitimi of whiili I'ucli valt Siiins ot the Public Money h.tve bern ex- pended. Therefore ailhc Price of run VVn» k i« rendered fo tnotrratc and cafy, the Wtioi. i. of Capt. COtlK's VOVACiTS, &c. will be more univvrl'ally read, and the obvious Intcit* iion ol ih.' King and Gov ea nm t k r, th.il llic Improvementt and Dil'rovericf in liicfe celebrated Vuvaees mi- lit be comnninicaled to the whole W(t .', v»ill i>! C\iui.Vbe more fully anfwered. 'I > i \ ■ ■ill I I t I. I 'ihe Whole ol thclc V oyaoesoI Capi. Ct-»OK, !•'. k. S. &c. Now I'u'jlilh ng under the immediate Uireiitiun of GEORGE WILLIAM A N D E R S O N, Esq. Aniltcd by a Principal O f m c f r who failed in the RESOLUTION SLOOP, And liy m.my other (it1ul1im.11 of the moll dillinp;iiilV.od Naval .Miilitits. i =»= !**• , L U M U O N: Primed for ihti Proitiftoks, and Piil)!iflicd by ALEX. HOGG, at the Kiwc'sa-ARMs, No. 16, PattfiKfter-tittv.; aiii^ fold hjf all BooklHleri and Ncws-Carricn in GV«w/ Britain, IwltmJt »?»'• i7*4- ■-> I n '■ % '" .* I l.-^^>^.i|> .k.v i.i li .1 ...w Ffi'Kl' 'i ''• i^ •'I >. fl»:».>|.-| \, \ '■*' «r rf'")' >, •■•t' |-;.>|r < ,;.Vv.- ■rt'! it,.... 1 ,. ^ '.• v . I i ' » i- \ wmm The P If"E"/r..':i^'"'C."-E. % ■* ,■,> ■ \ He grczt Utility and very intereding Nature of the important FinsT, Second, and Tuird VOY- AGES and DISCOVERIES of the late Capt, Cook, are acknowledged by all Ranks of People; con- ' fequently it might be deemed impertinent here to atteimpt any Encomiums on the arduous but exatt. Rcfearches of this eminent and valuable Navigator, in which Difcoveries. have been made far greater than thofo of all the othe'- Navigators in the World, from the Expedition of Columbu.^ to the prefent Tinip. Capt. Cook is un- qucuionably allowed to have been the abled and mod Yci^pwned Circumnavigator this or any other Country has produced, and every enlightened Nation mud deplore his being unfortunately killed by the Savages uf the Ifland Owhyhee on the 14th of February 1779, when profqputjng ^is Third Vovagk round the Globe. This great Man poifefled, in an eminent Degree, all the Qualifications rcquifue for his Profefhon and great UndertaKings. He was co6l and deliberate in judging ; fagacious in determining ; a£liv.c in executing ; (lead/ and pcrfevcring in Enterprizes; vigilant, with unremitting Caution ; unrubdiied by. Labour, Difrictitties, and Difapnointments ; fertile in Expedients > never wanting Prefcnce of Mind; ajways pgifcirmg himfcif of the full Ufe of a found Underllanding ; mild, juft, but cxaft in Difcipline. His Knowledge, his Experiencp, his Sagacity, rendered him fo intirely Mailer of his Subject, that the greateft Obftacles were f'urrnounted, and the mod dangerous Navigations became eafy^ and almod fafe, under his Dirc61ion. He explored "the Southern , Hcmifpherc, &c. to a much higher Latitude than had ever, been reached, and with fewer Accidents than fre- quently befall thofe who navigate the Goads of Great Britain. By his Attention to the Velfiirc of his Ships Company, he difcovered and introduced a Sydem for the Preservation of the Health of Seamen in long Voyages, which has proved wondeifully efficacious: for in his Skcond Voyage, round the World, which continued upwards of Three years, he lod only one Man by Diltcmper, of One Hundred and Eighteen Perfons, of whom his Company confided. The Death of this valuable Man was a Lofs to Mankind in general ; and particularly to be deplored by every Nation that refpefls ufeful Accomplilhments, and honours Science. It is dill more to be dyplored by this Country, which may judly *^oad of having produced a Man hitherto unequalled for nautical Talents ; and that Sorrow is farther aggrava* . w the Reflc£iion, that his Country was dcprivxd of this Ornament by the Enmity of a People, from w. ,m, .adeed, it might have been dieaded, but from whom it was not deferved: for, Capt. Cook frequently interpofed, at the Hazard of his Life,; to protect thefc very People from the fuddeu Refentmcntof his own injured Ship's Crcv,r, Let us contemplate, admire, revere, and emulate, this great Na- vigator; whofe Skill and, Labours have enlarged natural Philofophy ; have extended nautical Science; and h;rv« diCclofed the long concealed and admirable Arrangements of the Almighty in the ToriTiation of this Gluhe, and, at the fame Time the Arrogance of Mortals, in prefuming to account, by their Speculations, for the Laws by which he was plcafed to create it. It is now difcovered, beyond all doubt, that the fame Great Being who created the Univerfc by his Fiat, by the fame ordained our Earth to keep a jull Poil'e, witirorit a corrcf, onding Southern Continent. The arduous and accurate Refcarches of this extraordinary Man havcdifcoveieJ Seas un- navigated and unknown before. They have made us acquainted with Iflands, People, and ProduQions. of which we had no Conception : and he will be revered, while there remains an authentic Account of .his Three. rcfpeQive Voyages, and as long as Mariners and Geographers (hall trace the various Courfcsand Difcoveiics ha lias made. Among other Advantages which mud refult from the Undertakings of this unoaralleled Commander, it is pro- bable that thefe Voyages may be the Means of fpreading, in Time, the Bleflings of Civilization amongd the numerous Tribes of the Seu/h Pacific Ocean, of abolifiiing their horrid Rcpads, and their equally horrid Rites ; and of laying a Foundation for future and more eifetflual Plans, to prepare them for holding an honour.iblc Station amongd the Nations of the Earth. Other Difcoveries of new Countries have,, in general, been Wars, or ratl^er Maflacrcs. Nations have no fooner been found out, than they have been extirpated; and the liurrid Cruelties "of the Conquerors of Mexico nnd Peru, can never be remembered without blufhing for Religion, and human Nature. But when the Recedes of tife Globe are invcdigated, not to enlarge private Donrinioii. but to J)romote general Knowledge ; when we vifit new Tribes of our Fellow Creatures as l''iiends, and wifli only to earn that they cxid, in order to bring them within the Pale of the Offices of Humanity, and to relieve the Wants of their imperfefl State of Soicicty, ty communicating to them our fupcrior Att.ii'.imcius ; Voyages of fuch Dilcovery, planned with fuch benevolent Views by Georcf. the Third, and executed by Cook, have hot, we trud, totally failed in this Refpcd. The Natives of the South Pacific Ocean comparing thcinfclves with their Vilitors, cannot but be druck with the deeped Conviftion of their own Inferiority, and be impelled by the dronged Motives, to drive to emerge from it, Vnd rife nearer to a Level with ihofc Biiiciis, who -deigned to look up«n them, and left behind fo many ^pbcimens of tbeirgcnerous and humane Attcnt on. 1 lie very Introduction of our ufeful Animals and Vegetables, by adding frelh Means of Subfidence, will have ad^ed to their Comforts and Enjoyments of Life. , . The Public CurioGty being excited to the highed Degree refpeftingCapt. CooK'sVoyages,(partirulai1yhis7i&/yrf and Lafl Expedition to the Pacif icOcf;.\N) it is neceTliify to caution the Public againdthelnipolitio'iofnll muti- lated, imperlrct. and Spurious Editions, Abridgements, and Compendinms of theie Wftrks; fuch Publications not being calculated to ronvey to the Reader tliatSali&faflton fonaturallyexpefted. The Worknow refpetlfuil) offered to the Public, will contain the Whole of Capt. Cook's Voyages Complete, with all the fine fplendid Folio Cop- per-plates, 't is unncteffiiry to point out the obvious Imperfeflions of all Publications which include only a ji»g,lc Voyage o(' tire very celebrated Capt. Cook ; his Ti&r*"^ different Voyages are fo immediately connetted toge- ther, that owing to frequent References from one to another, no Perfon can form a fatisfa£lory Idea of his valu.ibic Difcoveries, who docs not read his Firji, Second, and Third Voyages in the order in which they were performed aTid written t In the prcfent vexy complete, /m^rsTfiy aftdf(?»«w<' £ f *■ extended ^, ,rt< ■Mi IIH'li I f • fiilllfli ■.iLU. iv t extended tonAny VoliiM'ee by loofe Printing, tec. and publiflicd by ntercchary Perfon.i; (though ill executed in the Letter-Prefi particukirly) would cod , to the Bulk of many Volumes, originally fixed at a VKty high Rate, and by the felfilh Manoeuvres of Monopolizers now ad> vanced to a moll extravagant Price ; whereby the original Intention of Government^ that the Improvements and Uifcoveries in thcfe celebrated Voyages might be communicated to the Public, (at. whbfe E.ypertce they were not oHly performed, b(efe£b will not be the Cafe in Titis Work, the Publiftier affures the Public, that the latter Numbers will be equal in Goodnels with the former ; and that the Whole (ball be finilhed in fo regular, complete., uniform, and elegant a Manner, as to anfwer the Wiflics both of the Publiiher and Readers, by doing Credit to the one, ahd giving Satisfadion to the other. To the KING, To the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, To the Captains and Officers of the Royal Navy, ' AND To the P ir B L I c at Large, 'Kic foflowing (SENUINE *«d COMPLETE HISTORY of The Whole of Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES, &c. In large Fond, cinbelliflied with all ihe degant and fplendid Folio Copper-Plates j '■ ' IS, MOST HUMBLY D fe D I C A T E I^ Ay HI3...M,A:j£^.i,X!3-,.,n, , ,. ,oU.„., .. THE V\}J^i:\x^i '■■ ' ' ' ' ■ • \ MOST OBEDIENT AND t)£VOTED SERVANTS, ^ ^s^S',^84/ - i' ithe E D 1 1r Q R and PUBLISHER* # 4i M»'-*,j(5 .'■■.ir,i, . 1 ,., »» ',;§ :% p.- 4 -^y*: , : *' ■,. ]'" ■?"> - ■--■.■' ^ fl V , I ■ H't :i 1 !■ .|:. Iv\liil)itin\!; tin- r)ISC<)\'Kili;s niail' l>v I "I''' ••''"* IH)K 111 A (.KNI'JtAL CliAHT: liiK nilST, SWONUniul 'nilUI>Vov, '"'l'"B'V [^'i i fej«,':"y •'?■' %< W ^.X-T^Xr Q HniTISil/f^lJi .S > \:h\l Cnxu'V: SWONUaiuJ 'Iim{l>\()V\(iKS;WillHlu'THArK.Sortlic SIIII'S iiiuirr Iiin Coiiunaild . I' » I '"■'""*■ U'/ ^-ff ■ Ovi.<'ri#~- r II ^ '•^at-MMU , P^ r^ — X K-' T .■■J, *r.. ,-,.„,', ^\ il Mr il y . , iryiK I fiK, it I I „.,«' {Stcjr-.v ■**'■?"•'■"-*,)" ^'•''■•i-i^ •— _. ^ \ 1»''" ^•~ » ■-./ ,' ■'.A toiin.ttv I'/ \ *.«««»/ . II >■'/«■ I f ■» />«l.A*. •* ' l^i.\«> 1 i V j(.^. [0 ^c K A X ^ IB if Kxjiltnation . •7" "•.> .1«> «5 un J.T- Ti'ithirr aVy/^. P 1 Kxhibilinji; iIk- DlSttAKltl'S |Til1'rit*-tTi TH Tj-TttrTTt-riii|iiii tj-m-j- ni>iir tt (<> .«»■ L-i t.f 'i ..' .««.. i a j^Mitkrui 1 "• li^^T'M-^^- ^9^. .lU.tHI T 11 !.«" T^/'"'**"V H T II |;aiiiiaiix ! il, / */ HIT nntr.w ^'>"""' /^ g^TI. AN'l^t-',^ .v» '; f'/r- I" ir^-..A* ' ..ftTfciiir-. ii^...-.. I .•!" L Y^ W^-Mlo C K A N ■Vz .A.. .JL GENUINE and COMPLETE H T O R OF THE WHOLE OF Capt. Cook s Voyages, Undertaken and Performed by ROYAL AUTHORITY. Iking the mftft Accurate, Ei.koant, and Perfect EDITION of tlie WHOLE WORKS and DISCOVERIES of that Celebrated Circumnavigator. The wliolc Written an a more plcafing and elegant Stile than any other Work of the Kind. 4= 'M Til 1 V If. /--J .1" i"i Capt. C O O K's FIRST VOYAGE RoiiR^ the WORLD, U N D E R T A K E N and P E R F O R M E D By Order of his Prefent MAJESTY, In His Majcfty s Ship the ENDEAVOUR, Priiicipnlly foil making Difcovcrics in the Southern Hemisphere, &c. &c. Bri;un the l.ittcr^F.nd of Aiigufl 176R, and concliulcd the istl^of June 1771; containing » i'eiiod ofiuail/^rnREE Years, in which was conipliaiedthe Circumnavigation of .lit: Globe. I N T k Ojjt) VOV'\(Jl'"S l)fin»T conruk-rcd as rhc gr^d rc- jioiitory of uM\i\ aiul intcrcllini'; Icuov.lt'dgf, Irivc liilU) cn,;n}^i'd the attention ol' mankind in all wiyH. In this aiin)lc field the attention of turi- oliiv is "VMtiiied hv a vaft variety of intciellins.!; llents ; and worl.s of this kind arc of national toniei]iKntc, vhih'i at th<- lame time, they aflbrd a rich iiind of j)kafiMe to all ihofc mHo delight to fpcnd each Icifure hour in rational aniufcmcnt. With rcfpec't to Captain llim'..-; tir/l* i'oyasi^,- round the world, wliieh was in ♦!ie llvDF.AVowK, it has fo much attraOled the mititcof th^- \< "rill, thut if I annot be too particularly relatnl, nor too n\ely examined ; and a principal advanta^^i aceni- in^"; from the ti>llowing narrative is, that the iaiwc llo- rics let in ditVercnt lights as they llrikc the oWVrvcr, cannot fail of beinn a fouicc of frclh intellineiue ; of Iheu inp; former actoiints through a new medium, and of pl:K I'll' them in a more (Iriking point of accuracy, by judicious corrections, and aitilitional improvements. The voyage which Is the fubjed of our prefent narra- U C T I O N. tive, was undertaken by order of his prefent majeftjr, for makini^ difcovcrics in the fouthern hcmifphcre, &c. C//>.'.;;/( Conk was appointed commander ot the En- lieavoiir; and with him embarked Mr. (now Sir ^o- ftpb) Z>.;;;y(j and Dr. So!, iii.kr, whok | rincipal objcdts in this expedition were, to obfervc the tranlit of" Ve- nus, and to attempt afterwards farther difcovcrics. Mr. Jofcph Banks and Dr. Solandcr were men of dif^in- guiflied abilities. The fi.lt of thefc gentlemen was pollelFed of confidcrablc landed property in Lincoln- Ihiie; and, upon his leaving the Univcrfity of Ox- fbid, A. D. 176J, he made a voyage to the coafts of Newfoundland and Labradore. Notwithitanding the dangers and difliculties that attended his tirft expedi- tion, Mr. IJanks returned undifcouragcd ; and when the Endeavour was equipping for a voyage to the South Seas, he determined to embark with the adventurers, from the laudable motive of enriching his native coun- try with the knowledge of unknown productions, and new difcovcrics. It Is unnci eirary lo point out the obvious impcrlVHioiis of all puhlieations which include only a /"(/j/f voyage of the very ce Ie'irat<';c. ami in the profecuiion of which he unfortunately loll bis lite, Nti. t. . B Pr. V?/> t. Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. Dr. Solandcr, whom Mr. Banks cngngcd to accoin- p.iny him, had been apiwinted to a place in tlic Iki- tifh Mufeuni, then juft eftabliflied, which he lillcd with credit to himfeli, and in whicli he gave univcrfal fatisfadion. The Dodor was a native of Swedtn, and a man of great learning, bciiW an adc'pt in natural phi- lofophy, and who had ftudictl under the famous Lin- naeus. Mr. Banks, befides the important and valua ble acquifition of this gentleman, took with him two draughtfmen, the one oeing intended to paint fub- jccls of natural hiftory, and the other to delineate "figures and landfcapes. He had likewifc four fervant% two of whom were negroes, and a fccrctary in his re- tinue. Both Capt. Cook and Mr. Banks kept acfi>- rate and circumltantial journals of this vo\age. TIic papers of Captain Cook contained a minute account of all nautical incidents, and a Very particular dc- fcription of the figure and extent of the countries he had vilitedj and in thofe of Mr. Batiks were found a great variety of incidents which had not come uixler the infpedion of Capt. Cook ; beltdcs, foii-.e ofiicers, and the more intelligent of the fliip's creu, have com- tnunicated to their friends, innumerable natural and artificial curiofities, with defcriptions of the people, and countries, their producT;ions, iikuiikis, ciilloms, re- ligion, policy, and language. Materials lb intcrelHng and copious, will be thought quite fufficicnt to furnifh the public with the following New and Cc/nplcte Edition of the whole of Capt. Cook's Voyages ; in which will be contained many curious remarks made by feveral gentlemen engaged in thcfe celebrated expedi- tions ; and it is our intention to place every impor- tafit incident in various points of view, that our rea- ders may be complete judges of the valuable natuj-e of the new difcoveries, and of the preference which is due to this large, elegant, though Cheap lulition. The preparations for this important work have been fiiitable to its ineftimabic value, and our earn'.'lt con- cern for its credit; while wealth and fciencc have united their powers for the purpofes of public benefit. Many of the firft literary charaders of the age have ^ favoured us with their alliflance; not only the great outlines of nature, but the variety of fliadcs withi.T have been ciirtfully attended to, and not a linulc material has been neglected which might cmbillifh the nanati\es, and give life and beauty to ail the Tl'irr >r/prr/iiY I'oyi/s^rs of this unparalleled N.ivigator. We thcefore fubmit this undertaking to the judgment of the public, founding our claims to their favour on MI xiT Ai.ONi:, knowing, it is only on this fblid foun- dation we can hope and cxped their encouragement aiiLl piotediort. =2"8:' BOOK I. € ,11 A P. I. Tl'r di'pM-lMY of the I'.n.^rr.vour from PSmotilh — llr piqj.i^f lo the ijhn.l cf M.iilc-ini — .4 Ji/crifilimi of iis iMlm\i! ai- nrMiia iinj tr.ui, — .7 pjrltnihir lurnwit of l-'iiiubuf, the r.ip!.\!/ of Miidcnv.—Tht' p'',ll'igf JVom M.idtira lo Rio de yannyr — .In accmnt cf this cnpit,7l r.f tbi Porlus^urft- domii!io>:< in South Amnicti, and cf the circHiiijiUent co1oitr\-^ the h.irhiiy ci Rio de 7.itieiio. Luidenli ih.tt hnppeiifd zihtie the E'tdeinour !ii\ in the i TH !•". l-'.ndeavdur, a bark of three hundred and twenty tons, which had been originally built for the Coal-trade, was appointed to tlie llrvicc of Capt. Cook's firll wvage round the world, havin;!; on hoard ten c.iiTi.tgc and t\\el\e fwivd f;uns. On Augull the ■:6th we theitfore got under fiil, and tonk our dcpar- fiiri from Plwnoudi. On the 31ft, we faw feveral of thole birds, called by feanien Mother Carey's Chickens, and wliich they think pro<:;nol1icatc a florm. On the ;d ()f Si-ptcmbcrwe faw land between Cape I'inilUrrc, and Cipe Ortcgal, on the coall of (iallicia in Spain. In this courfc feme marine animals weie dillovered, hitherto unnoticed b) natuialifls. One of thefe, de- fcribfd aK a new fpecies, is of an angular form, near thrte in.hes in length, and one thick. It has a hollow pallage tjuite through it, and a brown fpot at one end. JFour of thefe animals ajipearcd to adhere together by their lidcs ; but when pi:r into water, they feparated, and Iwam about, lliining with a briRhtnefs relemblinj; the vivid colour of a gem. We alio difcovercd ano- tlicr animal, exceeding in variety ami brightnefs any thing we had feen; e\in in colour and fplendor equal to tliofe of an opal. At the diftance of iibout ten leagues lioni Cape Fiiiillerre, wc caught among the rigging of the Ihip feveral birds not defcribed by Liiinaus. On the iirh v.c difcovercd Puerto Santo and Madeir.i, and on the d.ay fiillowing, m,.ored with the llream anchor in the road of hunch i.-'.le. In heav- ing up the anchor, Mii \\'eir, the mailer's mate, was iinJortuiiately carried oNLiboaul and diuwiied. L'j''on ap]iioa( liiiig the illand of.Madeiia from the fei, it appears exceeding Ixaiilihil, the fides ot' the hill-) being (.ovcred wuh | lantacions olvircs, which are green when all kuids of luibage, e'cejit here and lliere, arc burnt itp, which was the cafet.: this time. On the ijth in the forenoon the boat came from the ollicers of health, ii > one being fullired fi land from on board a lliip with )!ir their pcr'.r'llir';i. Wlieii this \i as granted, we landed at I'uiKhi.ile, ilie chief ■ y.itiei town in the idand, and proceeded diredly to the houfe of Mr. t heap, a confiderable merchant, and at that time the I'.nglifli ronliil there, who received us with a brotherly kindnefs, and treated us with a princely liberality. We coi)tinued on the illand onlv five days, during which time the feafon was the worfl in the year tor fearching after natural curiofities; however, the two gentlemen. Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks, puflicil their exciirfions about three miles from the town, and collecicd a few plants in flower, by the obliging aitenrion of Dr. 1 lebcrden, the c hief ])hylician of the illand, and brother to Dr. Hebeiden of London. Mr. Bulks enquired after and ti)und the tree called Laur.i IikIicus, the wood of which he fuppofes to be what i» called the M.adeira mahogany, as there is no real ma- hogany upon the ifland. The inhabitants of Madeira have no other article of tr.ule than wine, which is made by prelling the juice out in a Iquarc ■.>cMHleii vellel. The fi/.e of this is proportioned tothe ipia .tifv of wine j and the lerwmis, having taken off their li;>( kings and jackets, get into it, and with their elbows and feet prefs out as nuiili o{ the juice as they can. In like manner liif llalks, be- ing tied together, are prelleil u.;der a fquare piece oTwoikI, by a lever with a Hone faiicnid to '.he end of it. During our fhiy upon thiii ifland wc f.uv no wlieel- carriages of anv fort, nor ha\c the ])eople anv tiling di It relembh s them, except a hollow board, or liedgc, upon whiih thofe wine vcflels are drawn tl;at are too big to be carried by hand. I'h'ey have all'o liorfii and mules vtTy proper tor their roads, but i! ,.ir wine 1^, notw ithllanding, broiigju to town from the viiie- y.irds v. here it is made, in velTels of goat-Ikill';, wljicll arc carried by men on their heads. N.irure has been very liberal in her gifts to M.ideira. The iiih.ibitants arc not without ingenuity, but liicy want iiidiiflry. The foil is fb very rich, and tlure 13 I'ui h a variety in the climate, that there is fcarccly any article cklicf of the nccclliirics or luxuries of' life, whicji COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Difcovcrks in the South S:as & Ron i i t!ie ''/,rU. 7 which cannot probably be cultivated hcie. On tlic hills walnuts, chcfnuts, and apples flourilh, aliiioll without culture. Pine-apples, mangoes, {ruanai, and bananas, grow almoft fpontaneoufly in the town. They have corn which is large grained and line, and it n>in;ht be produced in plenty ; but for want of being attended to, all they confume is imported from other coun- tries. Beef, mutton, and pork arc remarkably good, and the captain took fome of the former on board for his own ufe. Fnnchinle (which took its name from Foinho, figni- fying fennel in the Portugucfc lanf<\iage) is fituatc at the bottom of a bay, and though it is extenfive in pro- portion to the red of the illand, it is but poorly built, and the ilreets are narrow and badly paved. The churches arc full of ornam nts, with piclures and images of faints j the I'lrlV are, for the mod part, wretchedly executed, and the latter aredrefTed in laced cloaths. The talle of the convents, efpecially of the Francifcans, is better ; neatnefs and iiinplicity being united in moll of the dcfigns of the latter. The infir- mary alfo is a piece of good architechiro, and one of the niofl: conliderable in this place. In this convent is a fmall chipel, the whole lining of which, both iides and ceiling, is compofed of human fculls anil thigh bones : the thigh bones are laid acrofs each other, and a fcull is placed in each of the four angles. When we vilited the g call a Pottuguefe man of war; together with llveral Ihell lilhes, or tef- taceous anim.iU, which are alwa)s found floating upon t)ic water i and on the 2 ah this gentlenian Ihot a black- tocd gull, not defiTilul bv l-innaais, and whole dung i* of a red colour. We had now variable w inds, with feme (bowers of rain, and tlic air was lb damp as to damage our utenlils conliJ.erably. On the 25th we cro'lld the line with the ufual cere monies ; and on the iSth when the Ihip was in the la- titude of Ferdinand Noronha, longitude -^2 deg. 5 min. well, we began to look out for the illand, and for the Ihoals which are laid down as lyiiiL; between it and the main ; bur neither the illand nor InoaU could be difcovered. On the 29th we perceived that luminous ajipearance of the lea mentioned by navigators, v l-.ich emitted rays like thol' of lightning. As Mr. Bnnks and Dr. Solander were not ihoroughly fatislied with any of the caufes hitherto adigned for this pliaMi(>me'T)ii, and fuppoling it wasoccilioneil by fome luminous ani- mals, they threw out a cafling net, in order to try by experiment whether thp\' were riglit in their cor ec- tures. A fpecies of tlic Medufa was taken, \.,iieh bore fome refemblance to metallitc fubllance greatly heated, and emitted a whitilh light; they caught alfo fome crabs which glittered very much ; animals v hich had not before been taken notice of by the curious rc- fearchers into the feciets of nature. As provilions by this time began to grow fliorr, we refolved to put into the harbour of Rio de Janeiro; and on the 8th of November we faw the coafl of Bralil. Upon fpeaking with the crew of a Portu- guefe fifhing boat, we were informed by them, that the land which we fawwastothe fouth of Santo Kfpirito. Mr. Bank*, having bought of thefe jieople fome lilli, was furprized, that they required l'!nglilh fliillings: he gave them two which he happened to have about him; for he imagined Spaniih lilver to have been the only currency, and it was not without fome difpute that thev took the rell of the money in pillereens. 'I'he frelli hlh which was bought for about nineteen IhiJlings, ferved the whole fliiji's company. We Hood otf and on :ilong lliore till the 12th, having in view. fuccelFively Cape Thomas and an illand jull without . Cape I'rio, and then made fail for Rio de Janeiro on the i^jth in the morning. Capt. Cook fent his firfl lieutenant in the pinnace before to the city, to inform the governor, that we had put into that {lort in order to procure refrelliments, and a pilot to bring us into proper anchoring ground. The pinnace re- turned, but the lieutenant had been detained by the viceroy, till the captain Ihoiildcome on Ihore; When the ihi[) had co'iie to an aniihor, a ;en-oared boat lilled with foldiers approached, and rowed round her, but no converfation tiwk place. Afterwards another boat appeared, which had I'evera! of the vieeroys oflicers on boaiil. They emjuired from whence the Endea- vourcame? what was her cargo? what number of men and guns flie carried? and to what port llie was bound ? which queilions having been punctually and triilly anfwered, the Portugiiefe olliccra apologized for having detained the lieutenant, and pleaded the cuf- tom of the place in excufe for their behaviour. On the 14th Captain Cook went on Ihore, and ob- tained leave to furnilh the Ihip with provilions ; but this permillion was clogged with the conditions of em- ploying an inhabitant as a factor, and of fending a foldier in the Fndeavour's boat every time llie came from Ihore to the velill. 'i'o thefe uncivil terms the Ca[)tain made ir.any obiections; but the viceroy was determined to inlill on them, neither would hepernuc Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander to remain on Ihore, nor fuller the liirmer to go up the country to collect plants Ca])tain Cook conceiving from thefe and other marks of jealoufy, that the viceroy thought they were come to trade, ufed all his endeavours to convince him of the contrary ; and acquainted him, that they were bound to the South Seas, to obfervc the tranlit of Venus over the dilk of the fun, an objetl of great confe- qiience to the improvement of navigatioji ; but the vice- roy by his anfwer fecmed to be entirely ignorant of this plucnomenon. An orticer was now appointed to attend the captain, which order he was delired to un- derftand as an intended compliment : however, when he would have declined fuch a ceremony, the viceroy very politely forced it upon him. Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks were not a little cha- grined on hearing that they would not be permitted to rdide on fliore, and Hill more fo when they underllood, that they were not even allow eJ to quit the Uiip: for the ■.m / 8 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. y the viceroy had ordered, that tlic captain only, with fuih iailors as vcre required by their duty, fliould come on Ihore. Whether this arofe from his iealoufy in regard to trade, or from the apprcheiifions he en- tertained of the extraordinary abilities of the two gen- tlemen in fearch ot'new difcovcries, it is certain that they vere highly difagreeable to Mr. Banks and the Doctor, vho were refolvcd, if podiblc, to evade the order. Witli this view they attempted to go on (luire, but w ere flopped by the guard-boat -, yet fe- veral of the crew, without the knou ledge of the ccn- timi, let thcmfelves down bv a rope from the cabbin vindowinto the b-^at about midniglit, and drove away uith the tide, till they were out of hearing. They .ifcerv.ards landed on an unfrequented part of the countr\', and were treated by the inhabitants witii great civ.liry. Capt. Cxiok, uneafy under the reftriiflions of the V'Ctroy, remonll.Mted with him, but the latter would return no other anfwer, than that the king his mafler's orders mull be obeyed. The captain, thus repulfed, and much difpleafed, refolud to go no more on fhore, rather than, whenever he did to, to be treated as a pnfo;'.er in h:i own boai ; for the odiccr w ho was fo polite as to accompany him, coiifiantly attended h'.rn, hiitli to and fiom the fliore. T\\o memorials nerc now ilrawn up a:id prefented to the viceroy, Cir.e vrltten by the cant tin, and the other by Mr. P.ink:> ; bat the anfue.-s r.ti'.riied wxrc by no means fatisfai:toiy. S^wral papers palled between them arid th" viceio.- to no good purpofe, the prohibition Hill rer.iam'i'g as beloie ; tVo:p. whence the captain thought j: neceii-iry in order to vindicate his ()'.\n compliance, to ur,-e tiie '.iceioy to an a..'t of foice in the execu- tion of his oruf-is. Tor thio puvpole he lent lieute- nint Hirk'; with a packet, givuig him his order not to admit of a gu.trd in hi.-, boat. As this gentleman V as nf Ivcd to obey his capi.iin's coiiinvandn, the o fc informed of th s tranfa.tion, he wroe to th<.'\ifcrcy todena'ui his boat and her crew, inclof- iijg the memorial wh'ch Mr. llicks his lieutenant had brought hick. Thtfo p.iiH'r, hefcut by a pelt\ otlicer, to avoid continuing the (iu'putc concerning the giiaid, Mhich mull ha\e hcvH kept up by a commllioned oTccr. An ;nfv ir was no« [ironnlcd by the viceroy ; but liefoit this could arrive, the long boat. \>hich hail fjur pi| es of rum on hoard, was driven to \n;Kl«ard, (the rope bnaking that was thrown from tlu (hip,) together wisii a fmall Ikift that \^a^ tallened to the boat. Imnuiiiatc or.lers weregiven tor manning the vawl, whuli being dil] atched aciordingly with |>io- ,icr diicctio.is, rttun.id, and brought the people on i: D.ird the MM moiiting; Irom whom Capt. Cook leain.d, that the long-boat having lilleil with water, they haJ brought her to a grapling and ([iiitted her, ami filling in with a reel" of rock.s on their return, they were forced to < iit the falkning of Mr. Banks's little hoir, and feiiJ her adrift. The captain now (hfpatched another litter to his excellency, wherein he inlbinied him of the a( cident, delircd he would allill him with a Uiat toncovei his own, and, at the fame time, renewed his demand of the delivery of the pin- n.ace anklhcrcrcu. The viceroy granted the retpiell, but in hisanfuei to the captain's reinonllrance, fug- grlled liime douln.s that he eiiterlai'ied, whether the Kndeavour was re.illy a king's Ihip, and alio accufed the crjw of fmuggling. CajU. Cook, in his reply, laid, that he wa.; willing to Ihew his conunilfion, ad- liing, if an;,' attempt liiould be made to carry on a rontrahand trade, he roqiielled his excellen(y would onler the otfender to bi- taken into cullody. 'I'he dif- putc being iluis ttrniinated, Mr. Bank.^ attempted to J elude the vigilance of the guard, which he found means to do, and got fafe on (hore on the 26th in the inorning. He took care to avoid the town, and paired the clay in the fields, where he could bcft grati- fy his curiolity. Mr. Banks found the country people inclined to treat him with civility, and was invited to their habitations. But it was afterwards heard, that fearch had bqcn making for this gentleman when ab- fent. Me and Dr. Solander therefore refolvcd to run no more rifqucs in going on fliore, while they remained at this place. On the I ft of December, having taken in water and provifions, we got, with leave from the -viceroy, a pilot on board ; but the wind prevented us from put- ting to fea. A Spanifh packet from Buenos Ayres, bound for Spain, arriving the next day, the captain of her w ith great politencfs offered to take our letters to Europe. The favour was accejncd, and Captain Cook delivered into his hanils a packit t<>r the feirelary of the .Admiralty, containing copi^^;. of all the papers that had paind'bctv.een him and tlie viceroy, leaving the duplicates w ith his excellency. On the 5th we weighed anchor, and towed down the bay, but were Hopped at .Santa Cru/, the priticiixil f >nilicarion, the order from the vicero;-, to let us p.ifs, by an iin.iccoiintable negli- genie, nor having been lent ; f) that it was not till the 7ih that we got under fail. W'lie 1 \(e l-.ad palled the fort the gu.;rd-bnat left us, and our [>ilot was dif- charged. It was obfirved, during our (lay in this harhiuir, that the air was filled witli butteillics, chiefly of one kind, anil the gre.itell part abo'C our mall head. Of the town a!i.l ivighbouring country wc Ihall give the follow ing dtii ription. Rio (!e Janeiro was prob.ably fo called becaufe difco- vend on tlic lellivalof St. Januarius, from wlienccwc i-,!iy fujipofe tlie river Januarius took its name, and alfo the town, which is the capital of the Portuguefc in Ameri( a. 'I'his town i> lituated on the well lide of the river, from which it is cxtemled about three quar- ters of a mile. The ground whereon it (lands is a level plain. It is defendcil on t!)e north (ide by a hill, that extenil; I'rom the river, having a fmall plain, which c(>n!ain^ the fubuibs and king's dock. On the foiith is anorhu- hill running towards the mountains which arc behind the town. I'his is n.itlier ill deligned nor ill built; the lioufcs in general are of llone, and two llo- rie- h'gh ; every houfe having, after the maiuier of the I'oitugiicle, a' ("mall liaKiiny before its window.s, and a latti' c of woixl before the balcony j its circuit M about three miles ; and it appears to be eiiual in lizeto the largell country towns in I'.ngland. 'I'hc (Ireets ate (liaight, and ol' a convenient breadth, interlectingeach other at rght angles ; the great.-r part, however, lie in a line with the citadel, called St. Seballian, which ftands on the top of a hill tlut coimnands the town. The priiu ijial rtrict is near 100 (iet iti width, and ex- tends from St. Helled'.ct to the foot of Callle-hill. '1 he other (Ireets are lonuiionlv twenty or thirty (eet wide. 'Ihe houfes adjoinin ■ to the principal (lieet are three (lories high, but in oilur places they are very irregul.ir, though built after the lame manner x: at l.idwii. Wa- ter is conveyed to a fountain in the great (qu.ate, from an aqueduct, raife.i ii]ion two (lories of aix hes. 'l"he water at this fountain, however, is fo bad, that we could not drink it with pleafuie. The churches arc richly oinamentiil, and there is more religious paiadc in this place than in any of the popilh countries in bu- ropc. Not a day palles without a procellion of lijiiic parid), with various inligiua, (p'endid i\v..\ eollly in the higheft degree. But the inhabitants may pay their devotions at the (lirine of any faint, without waiting (or a procedion ; (or a (iiiall clipboard, having a glals window, and in whiih is one of thele tutelary gods, it placed before almod every houfe, and a lamp is kept condantly burning, lell the okl proverb Ihould bc.vc- riliid, "Out of light, out of mind." Beli^irc thefc faints the people pray and (ing with fuch vehemence, that in the night they were diftincll) heard by our failors on lv)ard the Ihip. In this town are four convcnti, the full is that of the Bene- cook's first VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seai & Round the Ji'orld. <) to run ;maincd -Benedictines, fuuatcd near its northern extremity: the ftrudure affords an agreeable profpcd, and con- tains an elegant chapel, ornamented with feveral va- luable paintings. The fccond is that of the Carme- lites, which forms the centre angle of the royal fquare, and fronts the harbour ; its church was rebuilding in a very elegant manner, with finefiee (lone brought thi- ther from Liilx)n. The third is that of St. Anthony, fituated on the top of a hill, on the fouth iidc of the town; before this convent (lands a large bafon of brown granite, in the form of a parallelogram, which is employed in wafhing. The fourth is fituated at the eaftern extremity of the town, and was formerly the jcfuit's convent, but is now converted into a military hofpital. In the right angle of the royal fquare (lands rhe vice- roy's palace ; this with the mint, ftablcs,' goal, &:c. compofe one large building, which has two (lories, and is 90 feet from the water. In pafling through the pa- lace, the firft entrance is to a large hall or guard-room, to which there is anafcent of three or four (leps. In the guard-room are (lationed the viceroy's body-guards, who are relieved every morning between eight and nine ; and adjoining to the hall are the (tables, the prifon being in the back part of the building. Within the guard-room is a flight of (lairs for afcending to the upper (lorv, which divides at a landing-place about half way, and forms two branches, one leading to the tight, and the other to the left. ■ The former leads to a faloon, where there are two officers in conftant at- tendance ; the viceroy's aid-de-camp at the fame time waiting in the anti-chamber to receive melTages and de- liver orders. The left wing of the royal fquare is an irregular building, which conlids chiefly of (hops occupied by trading people. In the centre of this fquare is the fountain, ot which we have made mention, as being fupplied with vater from a fpring at the dillance of three miles, from which it is brought by an aquedtiel. The place is continually crowded with negroes of both fexes w^aiting to lill theirjars. At the corner of every ftreci is an ahar. The market place extends from the north-eaft end of the fquare along the Ihore, and this lituaiion is very convenient for the (ilhiug-boats, and thofe who bring vegetables from the other lidc of the river to market. Negroes are almoft the only people who fell the diflerent commodities cxpofed in the market, and they employ tlieir leifure time in fpinning cotton. The ttirm ot government is in its conditiition mixed, but in fact very defpotit: ; the viceroy and civil magif- irate ot the to\Mi trequently conunitting pcrfons to prilbn, or tranlporting them to Lilbon, at their own pleafure. In order to prevent the pec ilc from m.iking <'Xeurlions into the country, in fearch alter gold and ;(j,og,} bl;u ks, many ot whom are i'ree, making together (id^.ooo, in the proportion of 17 to I. The military is coinpored of twelve regiments of regular troops, lix being I'ortuguefe, and lix Creoles, and twelve rej.Mment.i ot provineiul nulitia. The in- habitants arc I'ervilely fubiiiillise to the regulars, and it has been ("aid, that it' any of them Ihoiild omit the compliment of taking olV his liat, when he meets an oniccr, he would be immediately knocked down. But the fubordi nation of the ollieeis to the viceroy is equally mortifying, tor they arc obliged to >Nait three times every day to know, or receive his commands: theanfwer ticquriuly is, " there i.s nothing new." In Rio de Janeiro the gentr)- keep their t iiaifes, which are drawn bv mules ; the ladies liov\ ever ull a fedan No. I. chair, boarded before and behind, with curtains oti each (ide, which is carried by two negroes on a poli; connciSed with the top of the chair by two rods, coming from under its bottom, one on each (ide, and retting to the top. The apothecaries (Lops commonly ferve the purpofcs of coliee-hoiifes, as the people meet in them to drink capillaire, and play at back-gammon. When the gentry are feeii abroad, they are well dreHed, though at home but loofely covered. The fiu)p-kec[cis have generally (hort hair, and w car linnen jackets w ith fleeves. The women in geiuial, as in moll of the Por- tuguefeand Spanilh fettlemeiits in South America, ard more ready to grant amorous tiivours than thofe of any ' other civilized parts of the world. As ("oon as the even- ing began, females appeared at the windows on every fide, who dilHnguilhed fuch of the men as bed pleafca their fancies by throwing down nofegays j and Dr. .Sn- lander and two other gentlemen received fo many of thcfc love-tokens, that they threw them away by hat- fulls. Without the Jefuits College on the (horCi is a village called Neufira Seignora del (Jloria, which is joined tr» the town by a very few intervening houies. Three or (bur hundred yards, 'within the Jcfuit's-collcge, (lands a very high caftle, but it is falling to decay.' The bi- (hop's palace is about three hundred yards behind the Benedictine convent, and contiguous to it is a magazine of arms, furroundcd by a rampart. • The inhabitants of Riode Janeiro mnintain a whale- fifliery, which fupplies them with lamp oil. They import brandy from the Azores, and their (laves and Ea(l India goods (iom their fettlcmrnts in Africa, their wine from Madeira, ami their European goods from Lilbon. The current coin is Port'.ig.iele, which is (Iruck here; the (ilver pieces ai-c called pctacks, oi' different value ; and rhe copju'r are five and ten red pieces. This place is veiy uleful for (liips that are in want of refrelhment. 'i'hey Avater, as we have before obfervcd, at the (buntaiii in tiic great fquare, but the water is not good. .We landed our cafl<3 on a fmooth fandy beach, which is not more than a hundred vards diftant from the fountain, and upon application to the viceroy a centinel is appointed to look utter theml The harbour is fafe and commodious, and diftirigu idl- ed by a remarkable hill, in the tiiape of a cone, at the wed point of the bay. The entrance is not wide, but it is cafy, from the lea brer/.e which prevails from noon to fun-fcr, for any diip to enter bctbre the wind. The entrance of the narrow part is de- fended by two forts. La Cruz,, and Lozia ; they are about three quarters of a mile from each other. The bottom being rocky, renders it dangerous to an- chor there, but to avoid it (hips nuill keep in the mid-channel. Ihe coall abounds with a variety of lilh, among which are dolphins and mackarcL Provifions, except wheaten bread and lloiir, are eafily procured. Yams arKl cafiada are in plenty. Beef both (iefli and jerked may be bought at two-pence farthing a pound, but it is very lean. The people jerk their beef by taking out the bones, and cutting it into large but thin dices. They then cure it with fait, and dry it in the fliade. It eats very vvell, and, if kept dry, will remain good a long lime at lea. Mut- ton is fcarcely to be procured. Hogs and ixniltry are dear. Garden llutVand fruit are in abundance, but the pumkin only can be prcferved at lea. Tobacco alio is cheap, though not good. Rum, fugar, and mo- lafles are all excellent,- and to be had at reafjnable prices. The climate of Rio de Janeiro is healthy, and (rtc from modof thofe incnnveiuencies incident to tropical countries. The air is fcldoin immoderately hot, a? the fea breeze is generally fucceeded by a land wind. The fcafons arc divided into dry and rainy, though their commencement of late has been irregular and uncertain, for the latter had filled for near four years preceding our arrival ; but at this time the rain had jud began, and fell in heavy (howers during our day : formerly the fircets have been overHowed by the rain, and rendered impalTable with canoes. C The y.^:jt lO Capt. COOK '9 VOYAGES COMPLETE. The adjacent counti>y is niountairiotis, and chiefly covered with wood, a frrtall part of it only being cul- tivated. Near the town the foil is loofe and fandy, but farther from the river it ts a fine black mould. It produces all the tropical fruits in great plenty, and witbout much cultivation, a cirumftahce exceeding agreeable to the inhabitants, who are very indolent. The mines, which lie far up in the country, dre very fich. Their fituation is carefully concealed, and no one can view theiri, except thofc concerned in working and guarding them. About twelve months before our arrival, the government had detciftcd fevcral jewcncr» in carrying on an illicit trade for diamonds, with (laves in tnc mines; and immediately afterwards a lae Endeavour pqlJes tlirougb the Sireigbt f.e M.iire — .4n lucount of her paffiige, and a fmtbrr defiription rf the inhii/'i/anls of Terra del I'uego, and its prodiiiJiom — Remarks refpeHinz, the foitlh cajl part of Terra del Fiiego, and llje Ihrigbt of Le Maire — DiretJions for the paf- fas^e ■zi-c/hvard round tbis p.irt of America, into the Soitib Si as — 7 he pa/fa}^e of tbe Kndeavoiir from Cape Hortt to the mrvly difovered iJlands—^Ait account of their fyiire a-id appearance— >tOr inkabitants defribedi with «r narrative of the various incidents during //.v co-.trfcy and on the ILndeamur s atrival among tbem. 01 N the 8th of December, having proaircd all nc- ' cefliiry fupplies, we took our departure frniii Rio de Janeiro ; and on the 9th an amazing nuinbtr of atoms w ere taken out of the fca. Thtfe wore of a ycF- lo« ilh colour, and few of them were more than tlie 5th ym o\' an inch lo.ig ; nor could the btfl microfcopc on hoaTd the t'.ndcavour difcove r whether they belonged to the v.~g>:table or animal creation. The fca vas tinged in fuch a manner nitli thcfe equivocal fubftances, as to exhibit bioad llreaks of a fimilar colour, for near the fpace of a mile in length, and for fcveral hundred yards in breadth. Whence the\ came, or for what dc- figncd, neither Mr. Ihnks nor Dr. Solander could An- tcrmine. Pcrhtips they might le lliu fpawn of ibnie 1 marine aniniil, unknown to citlicr anticnt or moderii j philofophcrs. On the 1 1 th we hoolced a flurk. It proved to be a female. When opmcd we took fix young ones out of it, five of \*hifh were alive, and f>\ain brilkly in a tub of vatcr, but the fixth appeared to have been dead fonie time. From this time we met with no material occurrence till the 22d, whence difcovered numerous birds of the profiUaria kind, in latitude 39 deg. 37 min. fouth, and longitude 49 deg. 16 iiiin. weft; vie alio difcovered great numbers of porpoifesof a lingular fpeciis, about 15 feet inkngih, and of an afli colour. On the :3d we oblervtd an edipfc of the moon ; and about fcvcn o'cloc k in the morning, a I'lnall white cloud appeared in tb^ wel\, from uhii.li a train of fire iffucd, extending itielf wclleiiy : about tuo minutes after, we heard t>».) diflin^fl louii cxploltons, inuiiediatcly fuc- ceedir.g each otliLT, like thou- nf »annon, after which the cloud difapprarcil. On tiie 24th «e caught a large loi^^i-rhiad tortoife, wiijjhing one bundled and fifty pounds. V\\- likcwifc Ihot kvrral biidi, one an albc- fofs, which meafurcd hetHccn the tips of in wings nine feit and an imii, and from its beak to the tail two feet one in.h andan half. Onthe30th\\e ran up- w?rds of fifty leagues, through vail numbers of land infect';, foine in the air, and others upon the water; thty apfiearcd to itfeniblc exactly the Hie? that are fcen i:v l/.ngland, thoiipli they wuro thirty leagues from land, and fome of thefc infcoN arc knoun not to quit it bc.- \i)iHi thiee yard-'. At t'lis time t,c jiulgril ourfclves to Iir nearly opjiolite to the bay < ailed Sans I'ond (without fcotioni) where it i Tuppofed by fume writers, that the Continent of Aiiici!. a is divided iiy a palfage ; but it vvas tiie opinion of our cirruninaNigaiois, that there nughl Ik- a iaige river, whleh probably had (KCafioned an inundation. On the \\i\ «e had much thunder, lit'iitning and rain. This day and the three follouing, ■wt la»v Jevcral whales; likewife a miinber of birifs ;{ about the fizc of a pigeon, with while bellies and grey beaks. On the 3d of January we faw the appearance of land, in latitude 47 dcg. 17 min. fouth, a rv , g and longitude 61 deg. 29 min. 45 fee. ' '7°9' weH, which we miftook for Pepy's illand. In appear- ance it fo much refembled land, that we bore away for it ; and it was near two hours and an half before we were convinced, tlaat it was one of thofe deceptions which failors call a Fog-bank. At this time our feamen beginning to coinplain of cold, they were furnilhcd with a pair of trowfers, and a Magellanic jacket, made of a thick woollen ftufT called I'earnought. On the I ith, after having pafTed Falkland's Ifland, we faw the coa'.l of Terra del Fuego, at the diftance of about four le.Tgiies from the wcfl to fouth-cart by fouth. As we ranged along the fiiore to the fouth-eaft, fmoke wat perceived, made, probably, by the natives as a fignal, lor i"- was not to be fcen after we had pafled by. On the 1 4th we entered the ftreight of Le Maire, but were afterwards driven out again with fuch violence, (the tide being againft us) that the fhip's bow -fprit wa* frequently under water. At length, houcvcr, we gm anc in the evening, with upwards of an hundred dii. eum jilants and Howers, ot which none of the Furopfan botanills had taken any notice near this bay. The country in general was flat, and the bottom, in par- ticular, was a graffy plain. Here was picntv of wood, water, and fowl, and winter bark was found in great plenty. The trees appeared to be a fpccies of the birch, but neither large nor lofty. Tiic wood was white, and they bore a Imall leaf White and red cran- berries were found in thcfc parts. On the 1 8th we came to an anchor in twelve fathom water, upon coral rocks, before a fmall cove, at the di(- tanc eof aboutainile from the fhorc. Atthistimc twoof the natives came down upon the beach, as if they ex- pected that the Urangers would land ; but as there was no llielrer here, the Ihip was got under fail again, and the Indians retired difapjiointed. 1 he fame aftermxin about two o'clock, we came into the bay of G and guanicoesj which tiicy wruppcd round their fl.oulders. The ii.cn likc- wifc wore on their heads, a bunch of yarn which tell over their foreheads, and w-as tied behind with the lincws or tendons of fome animals. Many of both texcs were painted on different parts of their bodies with red, white, and brown colours, and had alio three or four pcrpenilicuLir lines pricked acrofs their cheeks, .md nofes. The women had a fmall llring tied round i^th ancle, and each wore a flap of Ikin lalUned round the middle. I'hey carried their children upon their backs, and were generally employed m domcllic laboiir and drudgery. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solandcr, attended by their fer- vanis, fet out from the fliip on the i6th, with a dcligii ot' going into the country as far as they could that day, and returning in the cver.ing. Having entered a wood, they afccnded a hill through a paihlels wilder- ncfs till the afternoon. After they had reached what they took for a plain, they were greatly diiappointed to find it a fwamp. covered with birch, the bulhes in- rerwoveii and (i) inflexible tha; ;;-,(y coi.iti not be di- vided: however, as they wen' not above tiiree feet high, they lleppcil over them, but were up to the an- cles in boggy ground. The ri-'niing had been very line, but now the weather became cold and dilagrec- able; the blafts of wind were very piercing, and the fnow fell thick ; nevcrthclcfs thev nurfued their loute in hope of finding a better road. Before they had got over this fuainp, an accident happened that greatly difconccrtcd them: Mr. Buchan, oncof the draughtf- men, whom Mr. Banks had taken with him, tell into a lit. It was ablolurelv nereiiaiv to Hop .md kindle a fire, and fuch as were moil tatip;ued remained to affift him; but Mr. Bankv, Dr. S<>lander, and Mr. Monk- houfe proceeded, ai\d atiained the f'pot they had in \icw, where they loimd a great \ai iety ol plants that gratified their curl.ihan their moll fanguine expectations i could ha\c fiiggelUd. When they looked back upon their foritur route from the fea, they found that inllead of afetnduig the hill in a direct luie, they had" nude a cin.le alnioli round the country. On their return, thefe uandeiirs ret eived fueh congratulations from thofe on bo.ird as can more ealily Lk- imagined than cx- prcired. Mr. Bank^ aiul Dr. Solandcr went on fliore again on the 20th of thi:, mouth, landing in the bottom of the fxiy, where they coliccfeil a nimiber of Ihells and plants, hitiieito unknown, .\fter having returned to tlip.ner, they went ;o vilit an Indian town, about two miles up the country, the accels to which, on account of the inud, was ditlicult. W hen they approached the town, two of the natives came out to meet them, who began to tliout in their ufual manner. They aftenvards «on- duclcd Mr. Banks and the Doctor to their town. It was fituatc on a finall hill, over-lhadcd with wood, and conlilled of about a do/en huts, conflrucfed without art or regularity. Ihey were compofed rtf a few polos I inclining to each other in the Inapc of a fugar-loaf, which were covered on the weather fide with grafs and boughs, and on the other fide a fpace was kft open, w hich fers ed at once for a fire-place and a door. They w ere of the fainc nature of the huts that had been fecn t at St. Vincents Bay. A little grafs ferved for beds | and chairs, and their iitcnfils were a balket Ibrthe hand, a fatchcl to hang upon the back, and a bladder lor water, out of v hich iliey drank through a hole near the top. This town was inhabited by a tribe of about fifty men, women, and children. Their bows and arrow,; were conilruclcd with neatncfs and ingenuity, being . made of wood highly poliflicd, and the point which was cither glafs or Hint, very fkilfully fitted.. Thefe latter fubftances were obfervcd among tliein unwrought, as alfo cloth, ring.i, biitKins, A:c. from whence it was concluded that they fcimctimcs travelled to the north- ward, as no fliip, for years pad, hud touched at iliis part of Terra del Fuego. The n;itive» here did not fliew anyiurprife at the fight of lire arim, bur .(piK.jnd to be well acquainted with their ule. It is like!, that the fJHit on wliieh the Doctor and Mi-. Banks nut them, wMs not a fixed habitation, :u their houfes ilid not feein as if they wi'iv i reded to Hand for any long time, and they had no boats or canoes among them. 'Ihc^ did not appi-ar to have any form ofgovcrnnifnt or any ideas of fubordination. They fecincd to be the very oui-call.s of men; and a people that palfed their live."! in wandering in a forlorn mann^Toverdreary w.illes j their dwelling being a thatcheil hovel, and their cioathin.'; frarcely fiiUicicnt to keep then> fiom perithing with cold, even in thefe cli- mates. Theironly fiwd w^s fheli-lilh, vi hich on any one fpot mufV foon beexhairtTedi nor had they the riidcft implement ofarr, not e\en li) miuh as \?.as neceflar;,- to drefs their fo(Kl, yet amidll all this, we are told, that they appeared to enjoy that content which i.s fcldoiii f()iuid in gix'at and populou.s cities j a fpicies of con- tent, which if they really enjoyed it, niufl have arifen from ilupidity, a fatisfartion the offspring of the grratefl ignorance. Such i.i the flate of lUK uiriv.itcd nature ; fiich the rude form whichuncivilifed inanpurs on. The wants of thefe pcoi)le feen.rd to ho lew j but fomc w ants all mankind mult have, and even tlie inofl iimple of them, thefe poor lavages ajipearcd fcarcelv in a condition to gratify. Tiie calls of hunger and thidl mull beol>eyed, or man mul^pcrilh, yet the peo- ple in qucftion fcenjed to depend on chance for the means of anfweiingthcm. Thofe who can be happy in fuch a fituation, can only be fo, bccaufe they have fjot a due feeling of their mifery. We know thai there have been admirers of fimple nature amongll the phi- lofophers of all ages and nations ; and certainly fimple nature has her bea^itie-;. In regard to the vegetative and brute creation, fhe operates with rolilllefs energy; h^r power is prevalent as her pencil is inimitable j birt when we al'cend in the fcafe of beings, and come to ex.i- mine the human race, whatfhail we find ihrm, with- out cultivation ? It is here that inllinct ends and reafon begins, and without entering into the quellion, Whe- ther a flate of nature is a Itate of war } when wc ob- ferve the innumerable inconveniences to which thofe are fubject on whom the light of Icienee never dawned, wc may ealily determine in the favour of thofe arts which have civilized mankimi, fbrmeil them into (o- cicties, refiived their manners, and taught the nations where they have prevailed, to protect thofe right.; v. hich the untutored fav.ages have ever been oblij',fd to yield to the fnperior abilities of their bdtcr inllructed in- vaders, and have thus tiilkn a pity 10 European ty- ranny. Wc obfervcd in this place feals, fci-lions, and dog.i, and no other quadrupeds; ne\eithcttl\ it i» probable there are other kinds of ai.r.n.ils in the country; for Mr. Banks remarked, fwma hill, an imprcllion of the f(K)t-llcps of a large animal on the furt.ue of a bog, but of what kind it washec(iuld not determine. Not any land-birds were feen larger than an I'inglifh black- bird, hawks and vultures excepted. Ducks andother watcr-lJL'W Is wc faw inabiindauvc ; ;ill"oll.ell lilh, clams, and limpets. The country though undcared had nei- ther gnat, mufquito, nor any oil.er noxious or trou- blefomc aniinals. .\ great varictj- of plants were found by the Dodfor and Mr. Banks. 1 he wild celery and fcurvy grafs arc fuppofed to contain antilcorbutic qua- lities, which will ihcreibrc be of fervice to the crewj; of fuch fhips as hereafter may touch at this place, alter a long voyage. The latter is found in abimdaiKc near fprings and in damp places, particularly at the water- ing piace in the bay of Good bucccfs, and it refemble.; thc-iinglifli cuckow flower, or lady .^-fmock. 1 ht wild celery is like what grows in our gdrdcn* in Eng- land; but the lea\ es arc of a deeper green. This plant may be found in plenty near the beach, and upon the land above the fpring tides. In taftc it is between that of celery and parllcy. Thcgrateiul fc?man, l«ng con- fined II r' ^..^Iv^Jlfe^n} n'J we 11 v:ts tho nrrtli- H'd at this ic tJiil iioi t apjKirt J nut tllClll, i\ not lltin tiiiK', ami K-y ilid not ny idtas of" oiit-call.s<»r indciint; in jllingbcinp; ly fu'iVicicnt in tlitfcf li- on any or.t ■ the nuUft ncceflary to told, that h is (Lldriii ciesuf .t .|2.<*;^l4(|: .^■--, Jim-' •J*^. jJi;-^vfe '.'s-if ■ -t^ v'.i'i^'^^'- rtiir/i^^-iV.v^ COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries iit the South Sctis k. Round tlic irorU. 1 3 fined to f;ilt provifions, enjoy tliii hcalinj; vegetable diet, as a fpccial blclUnij; of an all j^iacioiis I'rovi- dcncc, panitularly viliblc in providing in iliilircnt cli- mates dilKcrcnt food and nourillinicnt, fuitablc to his nature, wants and necclTitits. On Sunday, Jan. 22, having got in our wood and water, we failed out of the bay, and continued our courfe through the Streiglit ; and in pnlliug this, not- M'ithrtanding ilie defcription which foine voyagers have given of Terra ilel Fucgo, we did not find that it liad, agreeable to their reprefcntations, fuch a forbidding alpcct. On the contrary, we found the fea coalts and the fides of tlie hills cloathcd with verdure. Indeed the fummits of the hills were barren, but the valleys appeared rich, and a brook was generally found at the foot of alnioft every hill ; and though the water had a rcddidi tinge, yet it was far from being ill tailed. Upon the whole, it was the bell we took on board during our voyage. Nine miles weflward of cajic St. Diego, the low point that forms the north entrance of the Streight of Le Maire, are three hills, calleti the Three IJro- thcrs i and on Terra del Fucgo is another hill, in the form of a fugar-loaf, which Hands on the wed lidc not far from the fea. We had not that ditlkiilty mentioned in the hillory of I.ord Anfon's voyagp, in finding where the (Ircight of Lc Maire lies. No lliip can well iiiifs the llrcigiit that keens Terra del Iniegoin light, for it will then beealily dilcovered ; and Statcn illanil which lies on the call fide will bf Hill more plainly pcrceiM.il, for thea- is no land on Terra del I'ucgo like it. And let it be further particularly ohfervcd, that the entrime of the flreight thould be atiempted only with a f.iir wind, when the weather too is niodcr.itc, aiul likcwife, upon the beginning of the title of HoolI, wi\iclj heie falls out upon the full and change of the moon, alio it one or two o'clock ; let it al(i) be renie:nl.\ ivil, to keep as near the lliore of Terra del I'ucgo as the winds will permit. The ftrcight of Lc Maire is bn'.indcil on the well by Terra del lucgo, and on the call by the well end of Statcn ilVmd, and is nearly li\e leagues in length, nor lefs in br^aikh. The bay of (lood Sucrels is fcitcd" about the middle of it, on the fide of Ten.i del I iKgo, which prcfeiUs iifelf at the eiur.mre o(' tlie llieigiit from the northwanl 1 and the foiith end of it may be dillinguilhcd by a land mark, relembliii;.; a road from the fea to the country. It alVords g.xi I in iiorage, and plenty of wood and water. St.iteii land did not a]5- pcar to Captain Cook in the f.ime manner as it did to Commodore Anion. That horror and wil.lnefs, men- tioned by the Commodore, were not ohferved by our gentlemen; on the contrary the land appeared to be neither dcllitute of wood nor \erdurc. imr was it co- vered w ith fnow ; and on tlie north fide we law the aj)- pcaranccs of bays and harbourj. It i.i pioI)ahle, that the feafon of the )ear ami other ciicumllances might concnr to occafion fuch ditlcrent rcprefeiuation.^ of a land, which all our circumnavig.itoi.s ir.r.il own to be unfriendly and tiifagrceably lituaud. On the well tide of the I ape of CJood Succcf^, whereby is foniicd the fouth well entrance of the llicight. we faw the mouth of Valentine's liay ; from whence the land lies in a di- redion well foulh-well for more than twenty leagues, appearing high and mountainous, w iih llvcral inlets and bays. Fourteen leagues from the bay of Good Succefs, fouth-well half-well, and nearly three leagues from the fliore, is New IHand ; terminating to the north-call in a remarkable hillock; and feven leagues from hence, fouth-w eft, lies F'vout's ille ; a little to the weft of the fouth of w hich are two fmall low iftands, near to each other, called Harnevelt's, Thcfu are partly furroundcd with rocks, which rife todilVerent heights above the water, and -.re twenty-four leagues from the (Ircight of Le Maire. Three leagues fouth well by fouth, from Barncvclt's iflaiuls, is the fouth-eaft point of Hermit's iftands, which lie fouth-caft and north- weft. They appeared to us, in dillercnt points of view, fometimcs as one iftand, and at others .is part of the main, From the fouth-caft point of thcfe illands to Cape Horn, the courfe is foiith-weft by fouth, diftant Mo. 2. three leagues. Hermit, who commanded the IXitcli fquadron in 1624, certainly put into fonie of them, and Chapenham, vice atlmiral of this fquailron, firft difcovered that Cane t 'orn was fc>rmcd by a clufter of iftands. Hetwecn the ftreight Le Maire and Cape Horn wc t()iiiul, when near the lliorc, the luirent fetting ge- nerally llrong to the north-call ; but wc loll it at the ilillanccof liftcai^or twenty leagues from land. January the 26th we took our departure I'rom Cape Horn, anil the farthcll fouthern latitude we made was 60 deg. 10 iiiin. and our longitiule was then 74 deg. •}0 min. weft. Cape Horn is iituated in 55 (leg. 5J min. I<)uth latitude, and f)H deg. \ \ min. weft longi- tude. 'J'he weather being very calm Mr. Hank.'-' failed in a fmall boat to llioot birds, when he killed fomc ftieer-waters, and albatrolles. 'i'he latter were larger than thole which hail In-en taken to the n. rthwanl of the llreight, and ]iioved to be very good food. At this time we found ourfcKesto be 12 deg. to the well- ward, and three and a half to the northward of the ftreight of Magellan, having, from the call entrance of the llreight, been three and thirty days in lading round Cape I lorn. Notwitliftanding the doubling of Cape Horn is reprefented as a \ery dangerous courfe, and that it is generally thought palling through the ftreight of Magellan is kf-i (-.crilous, )ct the Lndca- \our doubled it with as little dinger as llie would the north I'mland on the Kentilh ( uaft ; the heavens were ffienely fair, the wind temperate, the weather plea- lUnt, and, being near lliore, wc had a very dillincl view of the coaft. The Dolphin, in her laft voyage, which was jicrformcd at the iiime feafon with ours, was not Ids th.m thi\e months in i)alTing through tho ftreight- of Magclhin, not including the time that (he \-AV in I'ort lamine ; and it was the opinion of Captain Cook, that if we had come through the ftreight, wc Ihoul.l not at this time have been in thefe feas ; and ftiould have fullered many inconveniences which we have not experienced. It is a queftion. Whe- ther it IS hitter to go through the ftreight of Le Maire, or to ftand to the eaftward, and go round Staten land ? 'I'his cin only be determined according to particular cir- iimftan;c !, which may make one or the other more eligible. The ftreigiit may be palled with fafety by at- t-iiding to the directions already given ; but if the land i^ f.illen in with to the eaftward of the ftreight, and the wind ihould prove teiiipeftuous, it would lie bell, in our opinion, to go round Statcn land. In any cafe, however, we cannot approve of running into the l.iti tide of 61 or 6:, befoic any attempt is made to ftand to the weft ward. March the ift we found ourfelves, both by obferva- lion and the log, in latitude jS deg, 44 min. fouth, and 1 10 deg. ){ min. well longitude, a concurrence very lingular in a mn of 660 leagues; and which proved, that no curient had aft'ecied tlie ftiip in licr courfe, and it was likcwife concluded, that we had not come near land of any conliderable extent ; for currents are alvvavs found at no great diftancc from the lliore. Mr. Danks killed above lixty birds in one day ; alfo two forell flies, fuch as had never yet been defcribed ; he alio found a cuttle-ftfti of a fpecics dif- ferent from thofe generally known in Europe. This filh had a double row of talons, refembling thofe of a cat, which it could put forth or withdraw at plea- furc. When drelFed it made excellent foup. On the 24th our latitude was 22 deg. 11 min. fouth, and 1 27 deg. 55 min. weft longitude. On the 25th a young marine about twenty threw himfelf overboard, on ac- count of a quarrel about a piece of feal Ikin, which he took by way of frolic ; but being charged with it as a theft, he took the accufation fo much to heart, that in the dutk of the evening he threw himfelf into the fea and was drowned. On the 4th of April about 10 o'clock, A. M. Peter Brifcoe, fervant to Mr. Banks, difcovered land to the fouth, at the diftancc of abcut three or four leagues. Capt. Cook itnniediately gave orders to haul for it, when we found an illand of an oval form, having a lagoon or lake in the center, tliat cxtaided over the D greater '4 Cipt. C O O K s V () Y A c; E S C O M P L K T F, f "4 greater part of it. The furnmniiing bonier of lanil was !()« ami nariow in many places, el'peiiallj' towarJii the foiith, wluiT the beuLh conlilkil of a reel of rocks. Three places on the north fule had the fame appearance, fo that on the whole the land feenieil to refemble fiveral woolly illamls. To the well waa a large clump of trees, and in the (enter two cocoa-nut trees. When within a mile of the north fide, though we cafl out a line, no bottom could be tbund at ijo fathom, nor any good anchorage. This ifland was covered with trees but we could difcern no other fpccies than the palm and the cocoa-nut. Several of the natives wercdifcovcrcd t)n lliore. they appeared to be tall, w ith heads remark- able large, wiiiih probably fome bantlage might have increaled. Their complexion was of the copper colour, and tluir hair was black. .Some of thele people were lien abieaU of the lliip, holding pules or pike, of twice their own height. I'hey ap|)e,ired alio naked, but v\hen they retiied, on the 11 ip's palling by the illands, they pill on a light-coloured covering. Some clumps of palm-trees III veil them liir habitations, which at a dillancc appeared like hilly ground, and the view- of the groves was a very agreeable one. (Jur captain (ailed this place I«i>^oon Illand, It lay in i 8 degrees font h latitude, ami i jij well longitude. In the atier- noon we again faw land to the north-well, by fun-fet we real hcd ii, when it appeared to be a lou illand of a circular form, and about a mile in eircumfeieni e. '1 he land was covered wiih verdure of various kinds, but no inhabitants were vilible nor anvcocoa-nui ti.es. I'his illand is din.mt from that of lagoon aliout kwn leagues mirth, and (>: well, which our gentlemen on board named IhumbCap. On the uh we continued our coiirfe with a fivruir- ahle wind, and about three o'clock difcovered land to thewellward. li was low, in form rifembling a bow, and i:i cinumterencc lecmed to be ten or twelve leajruc-. It> length is about three or four leagues, and its i^idih about two humlieil yards. The beach was tlat, and ItMiUil to have no oilier herbage upon it than fea- weeds. The refiiiihlance of a bow was preferved in the arch and cor I forming the land, while the inter- ir.ediatc fpace was taken up by water. The arch, in general, was covered with trees of v.irious veidurn and ditlereiu heigl.t^. Tlrs illand, from the finokj that was difcovered. .ippeaied to be inhabited, and we gave It the name of How Illand. On the (ith ab"Ut noon, weapiinfiw land to the weft, and at three o'l '.o, k we came up with it. 'I'his land (icnied to beili\idi.d into two parti, or rather a collei- non of illands, (to whuh we gave the name of the ( rioup--) to the extent of about nine leagues. The two largelt were divided from the others by a ftreight, the breadth of which wai about Haifa mile. .Snne of thefe illand* were ten 'iiilcs or more in length, but ap- peared like long narrow ftrings of land, not above a iiuarterof a mile in breadth ; but they produced trees, however, of dilVerent kinds, air.ong which wai the cocoa-nut tree. Several of thi inhabitants came out in their canoes, and two of them lliewed an intention of coming on board ; but thefe, like the reft, (lopped at the reef. From the ohfervatioiis made, thefe people appeared to be about our (i/e, and well made. 'I'heir complexion was brown, and they were iked. In ge- neral, they had two weapons, one was a long |K)Ic, ipear-pointcd, and the other refembled a [i.-uldle. Se- veral of their canoes were conllriii'tcd in fuch a manner as not to carry more than three perfons j others wi re fitted up for fix orfeven ; and one of thefe bo.iis hoilled a fail, which was converted into an awning when a lliower of rain fell. Capt. Cook would not (lay for any of them, neither could we determine, whether the lignals made were meant for defiance, or for i.ivitaiion t one party waving their hats, and mother anfwering by Iboiiting. In this refpciil it was not Judged prudent to try the experiment, in order to be convimed, as the illand appeared of no importance, and the crew nor being in want of any thing it ccwld produce. Tlii< ciiriolity was therefore laid addc, in expedation of loon diliovering the idaml, where we h.id bcrn directed tu m.ike our aftronomit al obfervations, the natives of which, it was reafonable to conicvUire, would make no ri lilhim e, having already experienced the danger ofop- pmingan b.uroj".'an force. On the ';th x^e difcovered another ifland, judp'd to I'c in compals about five miles, being veiy low, and bavin;; a j)iece of water in the centc. It a||)caied to abound m wcxdl, and to be (overeil with viriliire, but we law no inhabit iriis upon it. It was named Hird Illand, from t'lc mimber of birds that were fecn tlving about. Thiil.is in latitude 17 deg. 48 niin. fouth, and 14J deg. ^5 min. weft longitude; dillant ten leagues, in the diicvilion well, half north from the weft eiici of the Ciroups. On the 8th in the afternoon we faw land to the north- ward, and ctime abreaft of it in the evening, at about five miles dillancc. This land feeined to DC a chain of low illands, of an oval figure, and confiftcd of coral and faiul, with a few clumps of fmall trees, and iia the middle of it was a lagoon. On accoiint of its ap- pearame, it was called Chain Iftand. On the loth, after a tempcftuous night we came in light of Ofnaburgh illand, called by the natives Maitea. This illand is circular, al)Oiit tour miles in cinumfercnce, partly rocky, and partly covered with tiees. !!St--Ct''«S C H A P. III. f Tbf EiidcAVMf mr.vfs nl Olabeile, or George the Third's Ijlaiid — Riih^ rflah^ijhed ly C:pl. Cmk for (mduFling a trade vcitb ibr iiMivr.: — ./'; amiiKt of ffvn\il iiutdruii duriir^ bis Jl.iv ni ibi- ijlrid — /l, and ib'-ir vh:nmr nf lutynij^ thrir dfdd, dfltrtl/t'd — Oihr cxmrjions and nindi'nls, li',tb 011 board iintl 011 Jhirr — inji intnviezv ~Ji'itb Ukren, tbv fuppofcd !i^ii'rii 'f Ihr tjlaitd — The fort di-fril td — Ibe (jiiadrant JloUii, and ibr oit'rfieiurs — .1 vijit to Tootabaii, an Indian (hie/ — // -ir''J}Uiig.match drfcribed — European frrds are fnvn — The Indians i^rve our people names. ON the iitli we made Otahcite, or as captain Wallis hail named it, king CJeorge the Third's Illand. '1 he calms iireveiited our apjiro.ti hing it till the morning of the i;ih, when a bive/.e I'liniiig up, and feveral lanois wire l\-<.n making towards the lliip. i-ew of them, however, would come near, and thole who did could not be perluaded to come on board. They had brought with them young jjlantain.s and bram hes of trees, which were handed up the Ihip'.. fide, and, by their delire, were ftuck in conl"iiiruous parts of the rigging as tokens of peace and frundihip. We then purchafed their commodities, conliflingof cocoa-nuts, bananas, bread-fruit, apples and figi, which were very ni ccptablc to the crew. On the evening of the fame day we opined the north-weft point of the ille, to w hieh the Dolphin'.i people had given the name of 'i'ork Illand. We lay olf and on all night, and in the morning of the i;}th we entered Port Royal Har- bour in the illand of Otahcite, and anchored within half a mile of the Iliorc. Many of the natives caine off immediately in their canoe.s, and brought with them bread-fruit, rocoa-nuts, apples, and fomc hogs, which they bartered for beads and other trinl'.'ts with the' fhi[)'s company. The tree which bears the bread-fruit is about the li/.e of a hor.'e-cliefnut: its !'',aves .ire near a foot and a half in length, in ihape obloiig, and ver/ ■ I raucti «i ■ ««>4a 1 1 i i* • ' »>**'!!; yK ;*^: N ^ ^ 1^ V s >n . u,^r p. 1i m m T ^ .! :k'c-' ■:: ! i .!'■ '■•,<> ■im. i]- t fj 1' I »'■ n u >'.(/rff»j7 \Att^tn»'M*wM '. u,. ■■%- m 5 !1 ^\ i L>mJ^n Ititfif^ti.t hvttkvVHt^'i •!( ffi* h'Wt.h-n/.t . ^ *<¥lUkitus»hi If,>w . M^BANKS irr^/f'ny,ryis\.\/rr„f//,r I^ng-./toUKE ofYORK'sISLA^D . VKnxv/APERFOKATEDROGK.w TOLAGO BAY cook's first '''' OY AGE— for making Difcoveries in tlie Sout/.y Seat Sc Round the It'orU. i ^ ^^..d sISLAl^D vs E(;() much rcfcmblc thofc of the ng-trec. The fruit is not unlike the cantaloupe melon : it is iiiclofcd in a thin Ikin, and its core is as large as a man's thumb. The fubftance of this fruit is fomcwhat like that of new bread, and as white as the blanched almond. It mull be roaftcd, and when eaten it has the taftc of a (light fwcctnefs. Among thofc who came on board the Endeavour, was an elderly man, named Owhaw, known to Mr. Gore and others who had vifited this idand with cap- tain Wallis. Owhaw being conlidered by our gentle- men as a very ufeful man, they ftudied to plcafe him, and to gratify all his w ifhes. As our continuance in George's Ifland was not likely to be very Ihort, certain rules were drawn up to be obfervcd by every pcrfon on board his majefty's bark the Kndeavour, for the better cftablifhing a regular trade with the natives. The fub- llancc of tnefe rules were, " That in order to prevent quarrels and confuiion, every one of the (hip's crew ihouUi endeavour to treat the inhabitants of Otaheite with humanity, and by all fair means to cultivate a friendlhip with them. That no officer, feaman, or other perfon, belongmg to the (hip, excepting fuch only who were appointed to barter with the natives, {hould trade, or offer to trade, for any kinds of provi- fion, fruit, or other produce of the ifland, without hav- ing exprcfs leave fo to do. That no pcrfon (hould em- bezzle, trade, or offer to trade with any part of the (hips flores: and, that no fort of iron, or any thing made of iron, nor any fort of cloth, or other ufeful ar- ticles in the (liip, fliould be given in exchange for any thing but provifion." Thefe neceffary rules were fign- ed by Capt. Cook, and, being his orders, to the non- obfervancc of them \vcre annexed certain penalties, befidcs the punilhment according to the ufual cuflom of the navy. When the bark was properly fecurcd, Capt. Cook, Mr. Batiks, and Dr. Solander, went on (I'.ore, with a party under arms, and their friend the old Indian. I'hcy were received by fome hundreds of the nativci with awe and reverence, w ho exchanged the tokens of peace, and offered to conduiit them to a fjwt of ground, which would be more convenient for them to occupy, than that where they had landed. On their way, the Knglilh made the Indians fome prefents, whicli the latter very thankfully received. They now took a cir- cuit of ab<5ut four miles through groves of the bread- fruit and cocoa-trees. Intermingled with thefe were the dwellings of the natives, which confifted of huts without walls. In the courfe of their journey they found but few fowls or hogs, and underlViK)tl, thai none of their conduiflors, nor any of the people they had hitherto feen, were jierfons of rank in the illand. Thofc of our crew, who had before been at Otaheite in the Dolphin, were likewife of opinion, that the queen's rel'.dence had been removed, as no traces of it were now to be difcovered. Next day, in the morning, before they could leave the lliip, feveral canoes came about her filled with peo- ple, wnofc drefs denoted them to be of the fuperior clafs. Two of thefe came on board, and each of^them tixcd upon a friend: one of them chofe Mr. Banks, and the otherCaptain Cook. The ceremonials confilted of taking olT their doaths in great part, and putting them upon their adopted friends. This compliment was returned by our gentlemen piefenting them with Ibme trinkets. They then made iigns for their new friends to go with them to the place of their abode ; and the latter being defirous of being acquainted with the people, and finding out a more convenient harbour, accepted the invitation, and went with them, accom- panied by Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, Captain Cook, and others. We all landed in two boats at the dillance of about three miles, among a great number of the na- tives, who conducted us to a large habitation, where we were introduced to a middle-aged man, named Toot;ihah. When we were fcated, he prefented to Mr. Banks a i ock, a hen, and a piece of perfumed cloth, which compliment was letuined by a prcfent from Mr. Banks. We \ieie then condm-ied to fever.il other large dwelliii<;!;, wherein we walked about with great freedom. The ladiis fo far fiom Ihunning, mvited, and even pied'ed us to be ItMted. By Ire- qucntly pointing to the mats up(jn the ground, and fometimes drawing us down U|)on them, we had no doubt of their being lefs jealous of obfervation than we were ; but the huts that are ail o|)en, except a roof, afforded no place of requKite retiiemcnr. Walking; afterwards along the Ihore, we met, a ((Miipaniid by a great number of natives, another chief named 'I'u- bourai Tamaidc, with wiiom wc fettled a treaty of peace, in the manner before defcribed. 'i'his chief gave us to undcrfhind, that he had provifions at our icrvicc, if wc chofe to cat, which he produceil, and we dined heartily upon bread-fruit, plantains, and fifh. During this vifu, Tomio, the chiefs wife, placed herfclf upon the fame mat with Mr. Banks dole by him ; but as (he was not young, nor a[)peared ever to have poiFeffed many charms, this gentleman paid little attention to herj and Tomio received an addi- tional mortification, when Mr. Banks beckoned to a pretty girl, who, with fome rcludancc, caine and placed herfelf by him. The princefs was fomcwhat chagrined at this preference given to her rival; never- thelefs (he continued her alTiiiuitics to her guefl. This whinifical fccne was interrupied by an event of a more ferious nature; Dr. Solander having milled his opera glafs, a complaint was made to the chi/l) uliith inter- rupted the convivial party. The complaint was inforced by Mr. Banks's llarting up and (biking the butt-end of his mufquet againft thcgiouiul, whi ;h (Iruck the In- dians with fuch a panic thp.c all of them ran jnc-ipi- tately out of the houfe, except the chief and a (lw others of the fuperior cla!";. That no tlifadvaiu.'gcous notions might be entertained of them on account of this circumftance, the chief obferved, with an air of great probity. That the place which the Doctor had mentioned on this occafion, was not w ithin his dillridi", but that he would fend to the chief of it, and endea- vour to recover it, adding, that if this could not be done, he would make the Dodtor compcnfat;on, by giving him as much new cloth, (of which he ; roduccd large quantities) as (hould bethought equal to tiu- va- lue. I'he cafe however was brought in a little time, and the glafs itfelf foon after, which deprived us of the merit wc (hould othcrwife have had in refulin<'- the cloth which had been oH'ercd us. But it afforded an opportunity of convincing the natives of our gene- rolity, by lavilhing rewards upon them for an action, to which iVh-intereft had been the motive, rather than any fentiment of probity ; to which, from numerous tranfaclions, they appeared to ' e abfolutcly llranj^ers. After this adventure was amicably terminated, we re- turned to the (hip about lix o'clock in the evening. On S.aturday the 15th, in the morning, feveral oi the chiefs, one of whom was very cor[)ulent, came on board from the other point, bringing with them iiogs, bread-fruit, and other refrefliments, in exchange (or which they received linen, beads, and other trinkets; but fome of them took the liberty of dealing die lightening chain. This day the captain, attended by Mr. Banks, and fome of the other gentlemen, went on diore to (ix on a proper fpot to erect: a fort for their de- fence, during their (lay on the idand, and the ground was accordingly marked out for that puipofe ; a great number of the natives looking on all the while, and be- having in themofl: peaceable and friendly manner. Mr. Banks and his friends having feen few hog^ and poultrj' in their walks, they fufpcfted that they had been driven up the country; for which reafon they determined to penetrate into the woods, the tent be- ing guarded by a petty officer and a party of marines. On this cxcurlion feveral of the natives accompanied the Englilh. While the party v.cic on their march they were alarmed by the difchi.rge of two pieces firod by the guard of the tent. Owhaw having now called together the captain's party, difptrfed dl the Indians, except three, who in token of their hdelity broke branches 'ill i6 Ciipt. C O O K s V () Y A (] K S C O M 1' L K T E. •I I W' i/M I: ltl<:'s f^:^ f.^ .?:*' * i .' ' [■.il hr.uuluvs of ti\cs, ac oiling to thiir (iiiUim, an i whom it was th(>:i|.',lu proiii-r lo iciaiii. W'lun tlu\v r. - tiirncil to the tent, thi'v limiul that an Iiniian ha\m;; Ihatihcil awa)' one of the ecntincl's iiuifqucts, a )()'in_n iiiiillhipman, who conini.uulcil tlic party, was lo iin- prudcnt as to ^wc tiu- marines oiilcrs to fire, wiiifh were oheveil, aiui many of the natives were woiiniieii ; but this iliil not littisty tliem, as the olllnilcr hail not t'allen, thev therefore piirfiiei,! him and rev. 'j^eii the theft by hisile.rh. This action, wlueh «as eiiually in- contilU-nt uith jxiliey ami iium.inicy, eoulil not but be verv dilploiliii;^ to Mr. H.iiiks ; but as what had ^tailed could not lie recalled, nothin;^ remained Lmt to endea- vour to aci'ommodate matters with the Indians. ;\e- cordingU' he emlled the river where he met an old man, throuj;h whole mediation litveral of the natives were prevailed to com.' over to them, and to pive the ufu.il token-; of friend Ihip. 'l"he next morning, how- fv r, tliey law Init few of the natives on the banks, nnd none eanie on board, t'rom wluive it wa* eon- eluded that the treatment the;, had received the former da; wa< not y^l liiifD'ten. and the Ivij^lilli weieio.i- (irmed in tlfis oj)inion by Ouhau's hav.ni; lell them. In eonfeiiuen e of thele cireimillanets, the eapMin broiij'.ht the lh:p n.irer to the lh(>re, anr ere- .tin;; their l.ttle tortifi. ation. But in the tvaiingtlie captain an, i fonu of the gentkni.n ;;oing on lliore, the ln.lii:is lame ro.in.l then', aiul tralfukcd wiili them as ufiial. Mr. 11 inks on the 17th, iiad tlie mislortuiie to loie Mr. li.K'han. 'I'he fame dav they received a vifit t'rom I'lil-ourai 'I'uivaida, and I'tKH.ihah. Ih'v brouglii with them foine plai'.tain bran':hc^, an. I till thcfe were le- reived, they would not venture 01 board. The b.vr- tercvl fome bread-fiiiit an.l a hog which was re.ii'.y drilled, for n.rls, w ith the luiglilli. I'h.- fort begin to be tre. le.l on the 1 Srh. And now fome of the rompaiiv viere employed in thiO\ving up intreiKhmeiirs, whilU others v\eie bulled in cuctirg tai im.s and pn kets, invshicli woik the Indians a'iilid ihem I'hey fortilied three (ides 61 t!ic plave, wilh in- trenehments and pallifado s, and upon tiiC(Kher wh.i h was tlanked bv a river, where a biva'l-work was |i)rmril by the watt !-• alks. I'he natives bro.ight do.mfuih • {iiantiiKs of brea.i fru;t aa.l . 0,0a nuts iliis ih:, tli.it It u.i.i necell'ir,' to refute them, and t() let them k;i()w that none would be wanting (iir two da.s. Mr. Hmki fle[it I >r the liril time on ihore thu niglit. None of the Indians attempted to approarh his tent, he had how - f'.er taken the precaution of |>Ia' ing centinels aixiut it, Jiir it-, duence, in cafe any att !■ k Ihoiild be meditated. ru')oiirai Tiimaida vilited Mr. Ikmks at his tent on \\'ednefda\ the loth, and brought with him his wile and family with the materials tor erecting a houfe in- tending to build it near the lint. I le afterwards alkcd that grill leiiian to aeiompany him to the wchkIs. On their arrival at a place where he fomitrnes relided, he pieleattd his gucils with two gariii'Mits, one of which wai of led (lo:h, ajid the other was made of line mat- ting ; h.iving thus tlothrd Mr. Hanks, he conducted hiM to the lliip, and llaiii to dinner with his vvite and foil. Tlit-y had a liilh ferved up that day, vvliieh was prei)ared by the atten.lants of I'libouiai 'I'uniaida, which (eeiued like wheat Hour, and being mixed with cocoa- nut liqii'or, it was ftirred abo-.it till it becime a jellv . It^ tlavour vias fomrthing like blanc mange. ;\ fort of rnir^tt was now eihibliflieil without the lines ofihe fort, *hi( h was toler.ibly well fupplied, and riibamai I'u- maida was a fre.iuent guelt to Mr. H.iiiks, and the other I'.nglilli gentlemen. He was the only native thai attempted to life a knife aud fiirk, being linul of.ulopt- mg i'.uroinan manners. Mr. Monkhoufe the lurgeon being abroad on his evening walk, repoited that lie had feeii the body of a man v*ho had been lliot from the tent, of which he giuc the following account. " 'I'hc corpfo was depoiitcd in a ilitd, clofe to the hiKife where the lieieafed had relided when he was alive, aiiii others wen' within f. 11 vaids of it. It was about fifteen lect in length, and eleven in breaJtli, and ilie lui}',ht wa. proportionable. I'he fides and one end were iiiilofed with a fort of wicker work j the other end was intirely o[ien. The body lay on a bier, the frame of v hich was of wooii, fupported by pnOs about live feet Iiigh, and was covered with a mat, over which l:jy a white cloth : by the fule of it lay a wooden mace, and towards the luiivl two cocoa lliells ; towards the feet was a bunch of grein leaves, and fmall dried bough.s tied together, and lltu'k in the ground, near which was a Hone about the li/e of a cocoa-nut ; lure were alio placed a young plantain tree, atid a Hoilc axe. A great many jialm nuts were hung in thing.? at the open end of the llxd -, and the (1< in of a jwlm- tree wa> liiuk up on theoutlide of it, upon which was pkued a tocoa-llieli lilled with water. .\t the tide of one of the polls there hung a little bag vvitii fomc roalled pieces of bread-fruit." The natives were nnc pleafed at his approaching the '.Kx!y, their jcaloiify ap- piaiing [iLiinK in their coiinteiianc es and gclUires. On the i;d we were entertained by loiiieof the mti- llcians of the country, who performed on an indru-' iiKiit fomewhat refembling a german thite, but the perloriner blew through his nollril inllead of his mouth, and other- arcompanied this inllniment, iing- ingonlv oi\^ tune. .Soir.c ot' the Indians broiiglit their .IMS to griml and repair, moll of which the> had ob- tained iViim C'npt.nn W'allis .mA his people in the Dol- phin ; but a Ireiv h 0".c o.calioned a lii;le fpeculation, and at length upon enquirv, ir ap[H:jed to have been lelt here bv M. de Docgainv ille. On the :4th Mr. lianksnnd Dr. Solandcr made an lAcurtion into the country, and found ir level and fer- t ie along the iLore, for alioiit two miles to the ealt- i.irl; alter whiih ti.e hills reathed quite to the wa- ter's edge ; and ftrther on they ran out into the fea. 1 I ivii.g p.illed thcfe h;lN, vvluch lontinucd about three mile-, we lanietoan exteiilive pl.un, ahounding with gvul h.'.bitations, and the people teemed to eniny a (.onli.lerible lliare he w.i-, iiiikk e;it, occalioned him a great deal of unmerited anxierv . 1 le mad.- ligns, w lide the te.ir.s llarted from his eves, that it he hjd ever bein guilty ot fuch a theft as \ias iir.ptited to I'.im, he would lUlUrhis thro.it to be cut. But tliouj^h he- was innocent, it w.is plain troni many inllaiiccs, that the natives of this illmd w.-> \ry much adtli.ted U) thieving: tho'.igh .Mr. B .ivs's fervan: had millaid the VnA^: in qiiellion, vet tJie lell were produced in a rag, b) one of the natives. W hen the guns on the ;'ith, which were fix fwivel.s, had b.in mounted onihcliiri, the Indians i"e.:in;d. tii be in great trouble, and fcveial of the lilhennen re- moved, tliring, notwithll.mdirg all the marks of fnend- lliip that had been iV.evui to them by our peojile, they tl.ould, within a few davs, be lireil at Irom the lori : vctthene\t day, being the iTth, 'I'libourai T.mr.iide ( amc with three women, atid a friend of his, wlio was a remarkable glutt(jn, into the fort to dine with u', and after dinner reiurne.! no his own houfe in the wuod. In a Ihort time after he came back to complain to Mr. Banks, ol a butcher, who had thrc.iLcned to cut his wiles throat, btcaufe llie v.o'.ild not barter a iToiic ha'teliet tor a nail, k appcanng clearly th:*t the ollen- der (uiis and one cmi work ; the- olhcr y on a bier, the :c{.\ by pods about I mat, over which Y a Wdoiicn mace, lis ; towards the and finall ilricd the };round, ilcaf cotoa-mit ; jjcrc tree, and a floilc hung in Ihinjr? at (Uni of a paim- , uj-on which was '. At the (ide of c ba|; witii fomc nati>cs were nop thiir jcaloiify ap- and Rtlhires. ,■ loineof the nul- led on an inRru-« lan tlute, but the I inlkad of his inllnnnent, finj^- iaii.-i l)n)iiglit their lich they had ob- II ople in the Dol- hitle f[ierulation, ired to have been ■inlander inadc an :ral of the gentle- ks, wiio had loiV i '1 aniiiide ol ha\ - it, oetalioiad him i le ni.i.lj iij^ns', ., that it he lud i imputed to I'.iin, Hut llionii;!! lie ly inllaiu:e.s, that niii'h a.ldi ;(ed to It had iiuilaid tiic roducid in a rag. ^^ W i W iiri'-Vx ji(h,iw«*«iii»»»-«'>'i»-"*ii«i* 'J] 4jr> '<'./ Iw" .. u tl:;!^ >i f ) f L. ^^ S •! U'm ! v."-'*] ■< iltf- I- {' V.A. J' ,i { I ^• v#: '< ' •■^' ' " * ,"*' i't^ cook's first voyage— for making Di/co'Ocriej in the South Seas 6c Round the fTor/J. 1 7 dcr had infringed one of the nilci fnjoincd by the Captain for tradinj? with the natives, he was flogijcd on board in their fight. When the firft ftrokc nad been given they were nuinano enough to intcrfeie, and {ntrcatcd carneftly that the culprit might be untied t but when this favour was denied them, they flicwed ftrong (igni of concern, and burft into tears. On the 28th, Tcrajx), one of Tabourai Tamaidc's female attendants, came down to the fort in the greateft alflidlion, the tears gu filing from her eyes. Mr. Hanks feeing her full of lamentation and f<»rrow, intifted upon knowing the caufc, but inAead of anfwcring, flic ftruck herfcif feveral times with a fliaik's tooth upon her head, till an elfufion of blood followed, while her dilUefs was difrcgardcd by feveral other Inilians, who continued laughmg and talking with the utmoft un- concern. .'Vfter this, (he gathereil up foiiie pieces of cloth, which fhc had thrown down to catch the blood, and threw them into the fca, as if flic wiflicd to pre- vent the leaft trace and mark of her abfurd behaviour. She then bathed in the river, and with remarkable chearfulnefs returned to the tent, as if nothing extraor- dinary had happened. During the forenoon of this day the Indian canoes were continually coining in, and people of both fcxes filled the tents of the fort. Mr. Molincux, mailer of the Endeavour, feeing a woman >hofe name wjs Ohcica, he declared (lie was the lame perfon, whom he juilped to be the (]uetn of the illand when he was there with Captain Wallis. 'I'he eyes of every one weie now fixed on her, of w horn fo much hadlicen faid by the crew of the Dolphin, and in the account given of her by the captain. With regard to her perfon, flie was tall and rather large made : (he was about forty years of age, her (kin white, and her eyes had great txprelTion in them : flie hail been haiidfome, but her beauty was now upon the decline. It wis not long before an Offer was made to conduift her on board the (hip, ■ which fhe accepted. Many prefents were nude her, particularly a child's doll, which flie viewed very attentively. Captain Cook accompanied her on (liore, and when wc landed, (he prefented him with a hog and fome plantains, in return for his prefents, which were carried to the fort in proccfTion, Obereaand the Captam bringing up the rear. In the way they met T(K)t.ihah, who, though not king, feeineil to be at this time iiivelled with fovereign authority. F.nvy is found among thole who are fuppofed to be the children of fimple nature. Her influence was plainly vifiblt in a matter which to us was rather a lubject of laughter th.inof ferious confidcration. Tootahah lU) foonerfaw the doll, than he difcovered (\rong fmiptoms of jea- Idufv, nor could any method be found of conciliating his fritii.llliip, but that of complimenting him with a baby alfo, A iloll was now preferable to a hatchet; but a very flioi t time taught the Indians the fuperior value of iron, which, oiiaccoimtof its ufefulnefs, pre- vailed ovcrtveiy other confideratioii. 'I'o llich of the men who i anie (Vorn time to time on l^oard, the (hip's piovilions leemed to be very acceptable, but the women did -not chull- to ta(lc them j and though they were ciMirud to dine with our gentlemen, yet, for reafons known only to thcmfelves, they preferred the eating of plantains with the fervants. On the :>jth, near nixin, Mr. Banks paid a vidt to OIh ita, but was informed that fhc was allcep under the awning of her canoe ; and, going to call her up, was ("urprized at finding her in bed with a young fellow "yi about v.i-ntv-five \cars of age, a difcovery which caiifedhim to rcty. rather difconccrtcd ; but he foon imJerrtood chat a Vrmnerce of this kind was by no means conlidcred a^Jandalous, the ladies frequently courting the men to Y^r^n^ dalliance, of w hich they made no fccict ; »"^'\ to \oting Obadcc, found in bed with the queen, Was well known by every one to be the obicctwt' heiVcivious hours. The queen foon got up, and drellV heriblf -to wait upon Mr. Uanks, and, after having ^ ^^^^^^ ^f ^er particu- lar regard, put on hnn * \ of fine cloth, they pro- ceeded together to ^"C t(\ j„ ^^^ evening Mr. Banks vifitcdTubourai U\f^ h^. ^^.^^ allonilhed No. :. to find this chief and his family in tears, and not bcinj] able todifcoverthecaufe, he foon took leave of them. Upon his return the officers told him, thai Owhaw had foretold, that the guns would be fired witViin four days, and as this was the eve of the third day, they were alarmed at the fituation they judged tlicmrelves to be in. As wc were apprchenfive of ill confcuuenccs from this prcpofTcffion, tnc centincls were doubleil at the fort, and we thought it necellary to keej) under arms; but Mr. Banks walking round the point, at two in the morning, and finding nothing that might tend to encourage his fufpicions, he dropi>cd theni, and rcfted fecure in the fort. This our little fortification w.as now complete. A bank of earth four feet and an half high on the infide, and a ditch without ten tlet broad and fix deep, formed the north and fourh fides. On the weft, oppofitc the bay, was another bank (with pallifadocs upon it) four flet high ; but a ditch was unnecelliiry, the works being at high-watermark. UjMin the river's bank, on the call fide, was a range of water cafhs, filled w ith water. This being thought the weakert fide, we planted two four pounders, and mounted fix fwivcl guns, which commanded the only two avenues from the woods. We had about forty- five men in this fort, including the officers, and other gentlemen who relided on (horc. On the 30th Tomio came in great hade to our tents, and taking Mr. Banks by the arm, told him that Tu- bourai Tamaidc was dying, owing to fomcwhat that had been given him by our people, and intrcated him inllantly to go to him. Accordingly Mr. Banks went, and found the Indian very lick. Me had been vomit- ing, and had thrown up a kvf whi<:h they faid con- tained fome of the poifon. Mr. Hanks liavino- exa- mined the leaf, found it was nothing but tobacco, which the Indian had begged of fome oi' the fliip's company. I'he matter, however, appearetl in a Very ferious light to Tubourai Tamaide, who really concluded from the violent ficknefs he fiitlcred, that he had fwallowed Ibme deadly drug, the terror of which no doubt con- tributed to make him yet more fick. While Mr. Banks was examining the leaf, he looked up to him, as if he h.id been jull on the point of death. Hut when the na- ture of this dreadful poifon was found out, he only or- dered him to drink of cocoa-nut milk, which foon rc- flored him to health, and he was as chearful as before the accident happened. Thefe people feemed in jiar- ticular inllances to be fometimes flrangely atHidtd fmm flight caufes. On the I ft of May, Captain Cook having produced an iron adze, w hich was made in imitation of the ftone ones ufed by the natives, (hewed it to Tcwtahah, as a curiofity. The latter fnatched it up and infidcd on having it ; and though he was ofl'ered the choice of any of the articles in the chcfts which were opened before him, yet he would not accept of any thing in its ftead. .\ chief dined with us that day! who had been on board fome time before, accompanied by fome of his women that ufed to feed him. He now came alone ; and when all things were fet ready for dinner, the captain helped him to fome victuals, fuppofing that he would have difpenfed with theceremony Of be- ing fed ! but he Was deceived ; for the chief never at- tempted to eat, and would have gone without his din- ner, if one of the fervants had not fed him. The next morning, May 2, we took the aftronoinical qua- drant and fome of the inrtruments on (hore that after- noon ; and to our great (iirprife when we wanted to make ufe of the quadrant, the next day, it was not to be found ; a matter which was looked upon as the more extraordinary, as a centinel had been placed for the whole night within a few yards of the place where it was depofited. Our own people, at firft, were fufped- ed of being concerned in this theft, and, as the in- ftrumcnt had never been uken out df the cafe, it wa« fufpeded that fome perfon might have carried it oiF, under the fuppofition that its contents were articles ufed in traffic. A ftrid fearch was made in and abouc the fort, and a confiderable reward offered in oider to ^ obtain 'b J u I I U' i^ I; I ll „^i. i8 Capt. C O O K'l V'O Y A G E S C O M 1' L K T I-. hbtain it tgtM. But tU tht* jprtrviitg fruitlrf*. Mr. linnki, acrompanird by Mr. Green anj foiiie other t*rntlemen, fct out tor thr wo(k)«, where they thou(;ht they iniffht probabty pet foinc tilling* o» %*hat wah ftolen. In their way, they met with Tiiboiirai I a- tiitide and (nmt of the lutlvci. 'l'h\n chief v^us iii.kU- lo undnrrtand by fisna, that tli<7 had li>l> the quadrant, tnd that as f»mc of hit rountryntrii ntull have taken if, they infilled upon being (lieuii the plaic where it MaA coiicealrd. Having proceeded a few nuies tn- prtiier, after fome enquiry, Tubourai laniaide was in- formed who the thief uaii and it wa» found that he wa then at a place about fourmilei diftant. Ah they h:ul iioarnnhut abraceofpiftols, nottaringto trull them- felNTs (o fur from the Ibrt, a mellaj^e wat ilifpatiheil to Capt. C'lKik, requeltin;; hiu) to lend out a paitv to I'upport them. 'I he captain .Kiordinnlv fet out w ith a party iiropnly armid, after having; laid an embar|j;o UjKin all the canoes in the bar. In tlie iiiran time, Mr. Bank* and Mr. (ireen pro- ( veiled on their «ay, and at tlic pi. ice which hail '.>cen liientiiincd, were met hv out- of TulxMir.ii 'I'amaideN nw i\ people, brinpinp with him part of the quadrant; the tale and the other pans ol the inlliumcnt were recovered foon afterwards, when it was tound thai it had received fto real Jiijury, thou^h it had been taken to piecei. \\nifn thty returned in the evening, thc\ wtre much furprifed to lind 'I'ootahah under lonliiiement in the fort, while a iroW.l itl the natives furnmnded the gate, difccserinj; mark.sof the nrea"ell anxiet\ Icir the f iie ol their chief. The o.ralion ol hit drtent ion originated liom the londu.'t of the lndian<: alarmeil at Capr. ( odk's luMiig gone up lilt uiuntrv with an arnud purtv, mnit of ilH-niii\i. ktt the liirr that evcninj^, and one of the ca!l(K■^ a[toiii[>ted to tjuit the li.i\ . 1 he lit iiten lilt who 1.01IIIII uukd on lio.ird the lliip, having it in charge not to fuller any lanoc to depart, fun a l)Oat ti>dtijin her, but Ihc no (ooncr a[>proached, than tile Indian', jiimpi H into the lea. I'lKtt ihah being of the nuinbir, wa> taken up, and lent bv the licMtenant to the otlirer that i omm indeil at the fort, who louclud- edhe llioulil do r ght to Uitain hiii) prifimcr, while the poor chiel thought ol nothing hut Ix-ing pul to death, III! Capt. Oiok lauliil hiiii to he returned, to the grt u |o\ ol hiscountrumn. Hut the natives wcie llill in- (hiKil to hear this .ilKiii m their minds, and as a pnH)f ol it, they lUgleLtcJ lo luppK the market with proM- roiis. Mr. (tank- \>alkin;» into the wixhIs, hiard prc.it miiriniiiing.> con. irniii;-, the treatment of Icxita- hih, viho, a.> they liii.^, had Ixin ill ufeii and lieatiii. though Mr, Hanks dei l.ired he was iimte ignorant ol lus having received liich treiiment. The ihief now fiiit fiir fuch hog.s to be rclb)red as he had left behind him, at lirll intending them as a pielcnt, which by thii time, prrl. ■;.)s, he did not think the luiglilh h.id merited ; but the fcfuled to fend them unlefs he would Come himli. It' thinking by an interview to (iromote a rccoiuiliation ; a-v,i this they were riie more ilelirousof, as they vveicto!d it would Ix- at<)rt- night before he would pay them a ^ ifit. On the )d pmviiions were exrreiufflv fcarcc, as the markets ((mtinucd to he ill fupplied on the aceount alreavi) mentioned! and it was ni* without Ibiiu- dif- ticiilty, that Mr. Hank.< got a tew balkits of bread-fruit from I'uljourai Tamaide. lootahahtm the 4th lent tiir an axe ami a Ihirt in returti tor the hogs, which vfl re at oidiiiLcly proirvifeij to be brought him the iK\t da\. Me feiii .ig.iincaily in the morning of the ah, ,in.l Mr. Ilaiik> iind the i)(K'tor fet out in the pin- 11.^ us taking with them one of Tixitahah's people ami loon rcichul I'parre, where he rclided, which was a liw niiico totlu- wtllvvard. When they arrived there, they tound a great nyinber of the nativcH waiting tor .thctnon the llwre, and were conducted directly to the jChicf, the peyjjje notwuhllanding the oftcncc they had ii£ttJut*l) taken, ftjouting out in their language, "'I'oo- J^'ahahJs >our friend," i Ic was fitting under a tree, -atyJ I011K.0IJ men were Itanding about him. Having jjtnadc litjns lur tjiiiu to be fcatcd, he Blkad far the axq. whiih was then given him by t'apt. Cook, a" alfo the lliirt ttvit he hivl demanded, aiul a bn)ail-(loth pirliient, which latter lit' put on, and wis well pleafed with the prefent. They ate a mouthful together in tiie lioat, and were aftelrwards coiu)ueled to a iar^e court-yatJ on one tide of tht chief's houl'e, where they were to be entertained with wrellling after the nianner of the country. Me hiinfelf fat it the upper end of the irea, having feveral of his principal miii on each lideofhim, who appeared as judges of the fpurt, which l>'as a.s follow : " Tenor twelve comKitatit'? entered tlic area, and after many lim[)le ceremonies of challenging, they engaged, and each eiuleavcured to throw his antiii^omll by mere llrength : thus thev feizcd each other by the hand, or other parts of the body, gra|)pling, without the halt art, till one, by having a givatir hoKI, or llionger muli iilar tiircc, threw liis aiitai'onill on Ij^-j bick. The (iiiu|iKlt was apiilaiidtd bv the old men with a kw wonls repeated in a k nd of tuiir, and with three hu//.as. After one engagement another liu - leedeil; l)ut if the i ombatants could not throve eai b other in the fiKue of a minute, they paited, enher bv conJiut, or tile inteivvnt ion ol till ir frieiiiU. .Several women of rank in the coiiniiv were prefent, but it was thought they onK atteiultd this amiifemetu iiieompli ■ mint to th ■ JMighlh gentlemen. A man with a link, who made uay liir us when we landtd, olliiiated as mailer of the ceremonies, keeping order among the* people, and thole of them who j)reHid forward he llruck with his llii k very fmaiilv. P-uring tlicli: athle- tic Iports, another piitv of men })rrf()rmed a dan< c, till ilif fpace of a muiiite, but neitlur of thcfe parties look the Itall notiii ol' eai h oilier, their attnitioii being wholly tixed on their own endeavour* to plcalc and ion.|iier. At the coiululioaut thit cntcitainnieiii, not unlike the wrelUmg-iiiatihes ol remote aniiquiif, we vtere told, that Ibme liogi. and a large quaritity ot birid fruit wire preparing for our dinner, very agne- able intilligeiice to thofe whole ajipetitts wi re lliaij>i'(i- cd bv their iourucy ; but ourhoU, inllead ol letting hi> two iiogs betiire us, ordered one «if them 10 be tairied into our boat. Here wc thoufrbt to have iniovrdour giKid cheer, and vet we neither dined on kliore, vior 111 tiuTxiat, but at thi iklire of liibour.ii laniaide, pro. ceeded as far a^ the lliip ; no fiiiall m.ntu'icatiyn ilii», as wc had to row four llil!t^, while our tlinner via. giowmgcold: however, we vuTi.' at l.ilt giatilied with our piomifcd rcpall, of which our < luef mu\ ha Iriinds had a libii.il I'.iaie. I hi. ffkudl) rvop.^iiia- tion between them aiKl us, operated on the iKitivv."s like a charm : for it was no fooiier known that riibou- rai lamaiile was on board, th.m pi'ovirioii> of all kiiidi wen- brought to the lort in gteat plenty. On the Sih, early in the jiioiniii;;, .Vb-. Molincua, the Mailer, and Mr. (iree 1 fet out in the pinnace to theeallward, in oriltrto proeuie I'ome jxnilttv, or hogs. I'hev law many ol the latter, and one turtle, yet coiiUI not pure hale cither, beiaufe they belonged to 'I'ootahah, and without his iK-rmillioii, the people could iHit he prevailed upon to fell them. 1 Kni e we'iim hided that TiHitahah was indeed a prince; and wc alterwards learnt, that, in this pirt ot'the illand, he .icteda:! regent for a minor, whom we never law all the time of our rtay here. However, li>me time alterwards, having produced fome nails to barter lor provilions, we ob- taineil near twenty cocoa-nuts, and Ibme bread fruit, forone of thelinailell lize, fo that we ^'-m uIki 'piu,^'" of thefe articles, though no hog' 'n this exeuriion Mr. (ireen imagined he had d'o^ered a tree lixty vards in circumference; but, or"'"' return, lie was in- formed bv our two gentleme' '"••' 't «as a fpixjes of the lig,' whole branches lr'^''"K.down to the earth take freJh root, and thus lor ^ '"*'•* "'" tiiinks, vi hich being all united bv a com'"} ^''•^«f*tion, iiiiglu catily be miilaken tor one t^^n^^"' "^> • On the 9th in the fbr"""' )JtHTca. paid us a vilit accompanied bv her f^""^*-; <-'™dee. pielenting uJ with a hog and ioni''^'^-'Y''"\^- 'J')!'! w.is the firfl vilitvvclud rcc«\c'*"" ^'^•'* '-'J.^. '«ce the Jols of our /' (;()Ols.'s FJR-^T VOYAfiF"!— formakinR Di/iov,rrt in the Sou fb .S'tv/ifc Roiiml the /A*//./, ly , an alfo thi oth pirtucnt, fed w ith lilt in tlic Iwat, (c court-) arJ .•y were to br inner «t the it of the iriM, h rnKolhin\, *hi rni to be carried lavc inioycd our on ihore, uor lu I lamaidf, P"'- .iitiiif«tlon ihi». our thniitr M Kill );raliru:il 11' I hiet aiul liiS ndl\ rv.ouniia- on the n.iti\>.". mil that Tuhou- lion> ol'all kinti^ Ml. Mi)liiJcuii, I lie piniuuc to i.iltiv, or hoj^K. iiiiile, yet could ;ed to i'tai)ah, lie could JK)t Le ,;,)1U hided that wc atterwardN acted a;i rej:;cnr the time ol our :ei\\ard>, Imin;:; ovilions, wc ob- line bread t'liiit, toil ii'aii 'puiu;'" 1 this excurlion cd a tree lixty urn, lie was in- was a fpccies u\ to the earth trunks, which >n, might ealily paid us a vidr, prelenting us i« was the firJl nee the lols of our our quadraiii. «nd the continement of I ootahah. Mv thin fimf our forpc wan fct up and at work, w hich afforded a ruAv fubjcdt of odnunition to the Indian;, and to Cant. Gnik an adWitionai opportunitv of con- fcrrin^; oblijr.ifions on tliein, by perniitiinjt the fmith, in h'n Icifurc hoirri, ro ronvort the old iron, «hi< h they Herefuppofrdto have pto deavoiiri to teaih them our names i and, alter repeated arteniptt to pronounce them, whuh proved fruitiel'ii, they had rccourfc to new one', the productions ol'tlnir own invention. Capf. Cook thev nanicd 'loote-, Mr. iticki. llctc. The iiulter they i ailed lioba, from hi4 chrillian name Kobni -, Mr. Ci'Dre, luarfoj I3r. Sol.ui- dir, TOrano; Mr. Hanki, I'apanei Mr. (ireen, I'teice i Mr. Parkinfun, ''ataiii; Mr. ?porin;?, Polini ; and fo on for thegrcitell part, ot the Ihip'iLrtw. Ihele perha[w, were fipnifiiant words in tlieir own lan.^iiaije ; and wc are inclined to thii opinion, beiaulc Mr. Monkhoulif, whoioininandeJ the party, tlut ihot the man tor lleal- ine; u inulkct, they named Maite, which was not merely an arbiuary loujiJ, but In their language it lignllied dead. . ";' • ' ■ C H A p. IV. Aiinii-ao)\ii'i.»y iifit—f>ivinf fifru/" ,ifti'iidiil h tbr Viilivi.< o/Otnheiif — In uiicoumioii Jiii^lt — Tn/wnr.ii T.iw.iU,' foiinJ vuillviif liuj) y vijit ffu>h«t ktr/M-iirJ at t/y/nrt, whilr pr,- fixations line makiiif lu nl,l\rv<- tlv Tt.iiijit of r,iiii< — Tlv ol'fii iutlinns m.uli- ~i nMr,;liit- of vmioiis nuidiiils — A ciiiiimiiui ii^iilmn ^/' fiv ijlmd, and orcurrmrff durinj^ ihi.i txpfdilion — A hityvin^phui'. and .; Mttiii, oi p',i,f oj i.orjhip dlhyi/'cd — Amu- Lind txf^ditiot »f Sfr. BuHk.'-^t'fiparalions wa.lt hy the arw o/ /hf lludiinviir to touf llitijlaihi 'J Oldlhilc — .It aci»nt oflbf dcpurlutv of ihi: li,ndtuiOHr, undtif k-kni'mr a/ the ituta%:<, piti Uadtit ly tf Tuptd,oH ttuoiaij/ou. — -r-jt-3- ON' the I ;tb of this month (May) an unconinion ctrcuioiiy was performed by fome of the natives. As Mr. Hanks was litting in his boat, trading with them a* ufiml, fotnc ladies, who were ftranger,-;, ad- vanced in ptocf lTu>n lowaril* hinl. 'I he reft of the Indians on cich fine gave way and formed a lane for the vifitors to pafs, who coming up to Mr. banks, pr»- fentcJ him with feme parrots leathers, and varloiu kinds of pianti. Tupid, whoftrxidby Mr. Uaiiks, a^;tt^^ u his tnaflcr of the ceremonies, and receiving the branchci-, which were brought at fix dill'ercnr times, laid them d.)wii m the boar. After this fome large bundlcii of cluih wrr; 'irought, conlilhng of nine piefes, whith l-cing il.i'.ed into three parcels, one of the women, called Oorattooa, who appeared to be the principal, ll. ppiiig upon one of them, pulled up her cloath-s as high as Iier wailt, and then, with an air of tiiiarteittcd fimplicitN , tur.ied round three time.. Ibis ceremony the reptated, with limilar circuiulKuucs, on the other two panels of cloth; and the whole being then prelVnted to Mr. Hanks, the ladies went and falutcdhini; in return far which extraordinary favours, he m.idc them fiich prcfcntsas he thought wmild Ix'U, plcafc them. In the evening the gentlemen of the fort were viliied by Olxa-ca, and Otheorea, her l^- \ait\ti: fenvale attendant, who w.is a very agreeable gttl, and whom we were the more pleafcd to fee, be- caufc it had iKcn repotted that (be was either lick or dead . On th.c 1 {th 'rubouraiTamaide olVended Mr. Ikinks, bv fnatching his gun out of his hand, anil tiring it in the air; an action which alf(»much furpri/.ed that gen- tleman, as he imagined hini totallv ignorant of the iii'c of it. And as the ignoiaiu e of the people of thofc countries in regard to thii particular, mult always caufe to tear tluir lti'cIVs, Mr. Banks therefore made them aferion-' inatrer of what, probablv, the (Hher meant only as a |oke, and, not without threats, gave him to iiiuleilbmd, ili ir for him but t-o touch the piece wa.i A- high infult. 'I he olVender made no reply, but let out immediateb , w ith lii.s family, lor I'.parrc. f.irear incon- vtjnien e being .ipprcheniled from thi.s man, and as iniui\ mllan. c,^ he had been particular!', ufeful, Mr. Hanks detcniuncd to tijltowhim. He fct out the fame ompanied b\ Mr. .Molinciix, c\eiiinii tniiu thc.f ', fort, ace( aiui fouiiil l.u.i in tlic middle of » large circle of people. ^i^^jb thcpiiliirc ofcxtrcim' grief, which was alfo vilible iji the countenances of hin attendants. One of tlir w onion expreired her trouble in the fame manner at I'erajio had done, upon mother occalion. Mr. Banks loll no time in endeavouring to put an end tu all animolity. The chief was foothed into confidence, and, a double canoe being got ready, they all returned together to the fort betiire fupper : and as a pledge of lincere re- conciliation, both he atid his wile palled the night in the tent of Mr. Hanks. That very night, notw ith'tland- ing their pufencc, one of the natives attempted to Icale the barracadoc! of the liirt ; but, beingdilcovered bv one of our centinels, he ran .iway laui h taller tlian anv of our peo()lc could tiillow him. TJie teliiptalion which ■ aulid h.ui to attempt what might have toll him hn lifi-, was, douhtlrls the iron and iii>n tools ,\hich were in life at tlie armourer's forge : iik itcments to theft whith none of the Indians could refill. On Sunday the 14th, in the morning di\inc fervicc Wis ()erformed at the tiirt. We ho])ed 10 have h.id the' prefciif e ol (oiue ol the luilians, but betiiic the time lixed oil for beginning the ("irvlir, moll of them were gone home. Tuboiuai 'lamaide and his wife were prefeiit, bin though rlic')' behaved with much decency, they m.ule no eni]uiries with rcfpect to ihectremonies, and their biethien were a-, little inquilitive upon their return. The da) thus begun with acts of devotion, was concluded with thofe of lewdnefs exhibited among the natives by way ofKntertainitient. .Among the rella young fellow lay publickly with a girl about twelve vears of age, in the prefence of many of our people, anda great number of the Indians, without the leall fcnlc-otimpio- pricly or indecency. Oberea, and liime women of the lirll rank in the lountrv were fpectator.s, who even gave inllriKtions to the gitl how to perform her part, which, young a.s llie vva.s, icemed unnccellary. On Monl.i. the 15th, Tubourai Taiivvide was de- tected in having committed a theft. Mr. Hanks had a good opiniiMi of this chief, but, when his honelly w .< put to the tell, a balket of nails, left in the corner of the tent proved irt'elillible. He confelled the fact of having Itolcn four nails, but when rellitution was demanded, Tamaide laid the nails were at F.parre. High words palled on the '. .Mr. Banks thought proper to put up with !h>- lofs at prclint, and retired a fecond time to icH ; ]\i{\ as he bad compofed himfelf to fleep, he was roii/ed bv fonie ii;u(ic, and obferved lights at a little ililbuice from the lliore. He then rofe to go anil find 111, companion^-. .As foon as he approached the lights, lie founti the hut where Captain C!ook and three others '.: ihe gentlemen lay, when he began to relate his mif- ..(henture to them ; they told him in return, that thty bad loll iheir 1I0' kinf^s and jackets. In effect Dr. So- laiulci, who joined ihrm the nevt morning, vasthc ouh one that ef aped being robbcil, and he had flept .1! a hmili.' that u a^ a mile didant. 'I'his accident, how - <\(r, did not prevent (.■a[)!ain Cook, Mr. Banks, and the re!l that were at the Ivt, from atteniiing to the mufic uhi' h was a fort of cinceft r;illed I ieiva, and . (inlilledof dniius, lliitcs, and feveral voices. They retired again to their rcpofc, after thin entertainincnt v\ a^ over. Their cloath-, .tikI the other things Mhidi had been Ihilen, were never heard of alier\\aids, but Mr, Banks got fome cloaths from Obcrca, in which he made a w'himlical appcariincc. On the 28th, wc fet out for the boat, having ob- tained only one hog which had been intended for our fuppcr the [receding night ; fo that ail things coii- fidered, we 'had little rcafbn to be fatisficd with our cx- curlion. On our return to the boat, we had a fpcci- men of the agility of the Indian fwiinmers, fome of whom, merely for diverfion, fwam in a furf where no b'uropean boar could have lived, and where our bcfl fwiiumers imift have pcrillied, had they accidentally fallen in with it. At this time the preparations were made for viewing the tranfit of Venus, and two partie."! were Cent out to make obfervations from ditterent fpots, that in cafe of failing on one place they might fucceed in another. They employed thetiifclves for fome time in prejjaring their indruments, and inllruding thofe gentlemen who were to go out, in the ufeoftlicni; and on Thurf- day the full of June, they fent the long-boat with Mr. Core, Mr. Monkhoufe (the two oblcrvers) and Mr. .Sporing, the latter of whom wa.s a friend of Mr. Banks, with proper infhuments to Eniayo. Others were fent to find out a fpot that might anfwtr the pur- [wfe, at a conven;-.'ni dillarice from their principal l>atioii. The party that went fwards Emayo, after rovcing the greater part of the night, having hailed a canoe, were informed of a place by the Indians on board, which was judged proper for their obfervatory, where they accordingly fixed their tents. Ir was a rock that rofe out of the wattT about 14O yards from theflore. ' '■ Saturday the 3d (the day of the tranfit) Mr. Banks, as loon as it was light, left them, in order to go ami get frefli nrovifions on the ifland. This gentleman '.ad the farisfat'tion to fee the fun-nfe without a cloud. The king, whole name was- Tarrao, came to rtiiy hiir a vilit, as he was trading with the natives, aiiti brought with him Nuna his lifter. M it was cudpinary ior the people in thefc parts to be feated at their confer- ences, Nir. Banks Ipread his turban of Indian cloth, which he wore as a hat, uijon the ground, on which they all fet dow n. Then a nog and a dog, fonic' cocea- iiuts and brcad-frllit w'erc brought, being the king's preli nt, and Mr. Banks fent for an ad/e, a Ihirt, and ibmc Inads, which were preferued to his luajellv, who received them with apparent fatisfiiction. Tubourai Tamaide, and Tomio, who had gone with Mr. Banks, came from the obfervatory, when Tomio, whowasfaid to be rilatcd to Tarrno, gave him a long nail, and left a Hiiit as a jMcfent for Nuna. .Afterwards the king, his filler, and three beautiful young women their at- tendants, returned w ith Mr. Banks to the obfervatorv , \vhcre he (hewed them the tranfit of Venus, when thai planet was upon the fiin, and acquainted them, that to view it in that fuuati(*n wa,>thecaule of his under- taking a voyage t.) thofe remoter parts. A< lording to this gentleman's account, the produce of thi.i iflanii is nearlv the fame with that of Otaheite ; the people alio icfembleil thofe of that ifland : he had lien many of' thi-m upon it who were acquainted >\ith the nature ot trading a!ti( les. The parties that were li n; out to make their obfervations on the fanlit, had good fiii'- (cl-. in the undertaking : though they difftiv.l raihei more than might have been expected iii their account of the contact. Mr. Circcn's aeciniht was as follows: Hours. Min. .See The firft external contact - 9 The firll internal contact, or total emerlion The fecond internal contaifl, or beginning at" the emer- lion - - - The fecond exteinal contai-'t, or total emerlion 25 44 32 iqI c 3 Liiitudc cook's first voyage — for making Difaveries in the South Seas &r Round the fFar/d. 21 :h he made a It, having ob- cnilcd for our II things con- id uithourcx- e had a Tpcci- iniers, fonic of furf where ni) where our bell ,ey accidentally adc for viewing were lent out ots, that in cafe :ced in another, me in preparinjr : gentlemen who anJ on Thurf- g-boat: wiih Mr. ;rver3) and Mr. I friend of Mr. Linayo. Others ; anfwer the pur- i their principal lyo, after rowing ; hailed a canoe, ndiatls on board, bfervatory, where Ir was a rock 14b yards from mfit) Mr. Banks, 1 order to go ami his gentlcnian'.ad without a cloud, r-imc toftiiyhim a ivcs, aiiii brought /Hi curtoinary f«r d at their confer- 1 of Indian doth, ■round, on which adog, fonii'cocea- , being the king's id/e, a ihirt, and 1 his inajclh', who action. Tubourai ii- w ith Mr. Banks, iniio, who was faid long nail, and lett ioached the bodi, and he repcatid thefe words a.s became up to his own hmife. They afterwards went oil, by permillion, toward; the fort. It is iifiial for the rell of the Indians lo Ihun thefe procellions as much as pofPible ; they accordingly ran into the wnods in great liafle, as fbon as this came in view. I'rom the tort the mourners proceeded along the fhore, croffed the river, then entired the woods palling feveral hoMf'es, which became immediately uninhabited, and liuring the rell of the piocellion, which continued for half an hour, no: an liuiian was \ iiibie. Mr. Banks filled an oHice that they called Ninivch, and there were two others in the fiune character. When none of the other natives were to be feen, th.-y aporoached the chief mouir.er, faying Imatata ; then tliofe who had aflifled a. the ceremony liathed i.i the river, and relumed their former drels. Such was •'lis uncommon ceremony, in wlucit Mr. B.uiks perti)ri ed a principal [lart, and re- ceived aiiplaiife from Ti io\nai Tamaide, the chief mourner. \Miai 1 an hav« ijUroduced among thefe In- No. .{. dians foflrangea cuflom as that of expoling their deacT above ground, till the flefli is confunicd by putrefac- tion, and then burying the bones, it is perhaps imjiof- lible to guefs ; nor is it lets diflicult to determine, why the rcpofitories of their dead fliould be alfi) places of worfhip. On the 1 2th, the Indian.? having lofl fome of their bows and arrows, and firings of plaiteil hair, a com- plaint was made to the capt.iin. '['he affair was en- quired into, and the liiet being well attefled, the of- fenders received each two dozen of laflie.!. 'Fhe fame day Tubourai Tamaide brought his bow and arrows, in order to decide achallcngeof fhooting lietwcen him and Mr. Gore ; but it appeared they had iniflakcn each other, Mr. Gore intentling to difijharge his arrow at a mark, while the Indian meant only to try who could fhoot fiirtheff. The challenge was dropped in coni'e- quence of the millake being difcovercd; but Tubou- rai Tamaide, in order to difplay his fkill, kneeling ' down, (hot an arrow, unfealhered (as they all arc) near the fi.xth part of a mile, dropping the bow the inlhmt the arrow was difcharged. Mr. Hanks having this morning met feveral of the natives, and being in- f<>rmed, that a mufical entertaiiunent was expected in the evening, he, and the refl of the Eiiglifh gentle- men refoKed to be prcfent at the lame. They went accordingly, and heard a performance on ()ung wonim with lum. The former was carried on a man's back, which we conlidercd as a piece ofl^ate, tor he was well able to walk. Obcrea and fome of the Indians went from the fort to meet them, being bareheaded, and un- covered as low as the wa-ft; circumftancis we h.id noticed before, and judged them marks of refpeot, which was uluilly (hewn to perfoiis of high rank. When Oamo entered the tent, the young woman, though fecmin^ly verv curious, i.ouUI not lie [-.rev ailed upon to accomp;wiy him. The jouth was intioiiiMcd by Dr. .Solandir, Iniias (bon as the Indians v, iihin faw him, they took care to have him very liHin fent our. Our curiofity being railed hv thefe circumlhm :es, we made eiimiiry concerning tlic (1 rangers, and were in- formed, that O.imo wa.s the hulbaiul ol Oberea, but til iL by mutual conleiit they had been liir a ccin- fid'.rablc time fcparated, and the li()\ and i;irl w . le their children. The tornier was called I'erridiri : he was heir apparent to the fovereignty of the illands, and when he had atta.ned the pr()|)er age, was to marry his filler. The preleni fovereign Oiitou, was a minor, and the fon of a prim e, (ailed Wliappai. Whappai, Oamo, ati.l Tootahah, were all brothers; Whappai was the elded, and Oamo the fecond ; wherefore Whappai having no child but Outou, Tcrridiri was heir to tiie fovereignty. To us it appeared lingular, that a boy Ihould reign during the life of his father ; but in the idand of Otaheite, a iKiy (iiccceds to his tatlui's ai.dio- rity and title as fnon as he is born j but a regent being necelfiiry, that otlicc, though elective, generally falls upon the father, who holds the reins of government till the child is of age. The reafbn that the election had fallen upon Tootahah was on account of his warlike cxpkiis among his brethren. Oamo was ver> inciuili- tive, alkinga number of qucftions concerning the In- glilh, by which he appeared to be a man of iinder- lianding and penetration. At this time, a woman named Teetee, who came from the weft of the ifland, prefentfd to the captain an elegant garment. The ground was a bright yellow, it was bordered w ith red, and there were fcvcral crolFcs in the middle of it, which they had probably learned from the French. On the J3d in the morning, one of our hands be- ing milling, we crquircd li.r him aiv.ong the natives, and were told he was at Eparre, Tootahah's rclidencc in the wood, and one of the Indians olfered to fetch him back, which he did that evening. On his return he informed us, that he had be. n taken fiom the fort, and carried to the top of the bay by three men, who forced him into a canoe, after having ftrippcd him, and con- duced him to Mparre, where he received (bme cloathi from Tootahah, who endeavoured to prevail on hiin to continue there. We had reafon to conclude this account true, for the natives were no footier acquainted with his return, than they left the fort w ith precipitation. On June the :6th, early in the morning, Capt. Cook fettingout in the pinia:c with Mr. Banks, liiiled lO the eaftwaid w ith a delign of circum-navigating the idaiid. 'I'hey went on (liore in the Ibrenoon, in a dif- tru'l in th- Kovcrnment of Ahio, a young chief) who ai i!;- ten:< had freijuently been their vilitant. And iicfr alio they (iiw llveral other natives whom they ■ i.ew. .\fterw ards the) proceeded to the harlxjiir where VI. Hougaimille's veflel lay, when he came to Otaheite, iiul were (hewn tin.' watering place, and the fpot uheie he jjiti hed his tent. Coming to a large bay, when the Englifli gentlemen mcr.ti >ned their delign ol'j^oing to the other fule, their Intl. in guide whofe name \\as fitubaola. faid he would no: accompany them, ami alio cmleavoured to dilfuadc tiie t.iptain and lui peo])le from ;;')ing; obferving, ' I'liat country was inhabited by people who were not r.biect to Tooialiah, and who would deflroy them all." NotvMtlilt.indingthe) refoKed to put their de- lign in exccutimi, loading their pieces with ball ; and .It la!l Tiiuhaoia \( .ituKd to j'o « ith them. Having ro\ud till it vas iliik. ■.Iu\ reached a narrow illhmu.s which (Ivered the illaiiii '•• two parts, and thefe (brmej ditbnct go\er;riieii» . ; ■.■vri, as they had not yet got ir.to the ho!li!c • • ouiitry, it was thought proper to go on Ihoie i,i fjjcnd the night whereOoratoya, the lady wlio hail paid her compliments in fo extraor- dinary a maimer at the fort, provided them with a fup- pcr. .md thry procecdt-d iur the other government in the morning. '1 luy afterwards landed in the diftriiit of a chief I ailed Mar.Titafa — _* his father was called Pahaucde. The (briiie of thefe names fignifics the /km-.';;' p:\i(r if imn, and ihc other ihc jhit'.ft nf huiUs. 'Ihefe people gave t!u- captain a very gixid reception, f iKl theui a tu)_.; for a h.iti liet, and fuinillied them \\ ith pio\ ition.'i. .\ '.rowil ol the natives came round the Kn- glilli gmtlemeii, amongft whom however they met only two with whom tluy were acquainted; but they faw fe\er.d h-uropean commodities, yet they perceived none that eanie out ot the l.'iidea\our. Mere they faw two twelve pound lliof, one of which had tl; king's broad arrow iqxin it, yet the nati\ es laid the, \\.\;ed tvith their journey they went on Ixwrd their boat, and landed in the evening on an jdand which was called Otof put their de- . w iih ball ; and them. Having narrow illhnnis md thcfc formed licy had not yet , it was thouglit whereOoratova, ts in lb extraor- :hem with a lup- r government in d in the diftridt ather was called ih;J ligniliei the jlii'.rr nf Imils. gn >n whofc ■' rrc nhcy h iht; were ihv. ill.', ni that dilViculty. They ,\ lerable way along ') the chief, who alvjut twenty-two Her name was often heard of it; lie rank here as land. The parts ared to be better the burial places t.andornanicnt- w s fi 11, which rs of the bird, fertile, very little nut called Ahec, of the inhabi- »cy w cnt on board n an iiland w hich Mr. Banks frcniment. Hanks going into the woods tiir this purpofe, when it ^^as dark c^uld difcover only one houl'e, wherein he found fome of the nuts before iiientiotied, and a little bread-fruit. 'I'hcre was a good hurlioiirin the fouthein part of this idand, and the funounding country ap- peared to be extremely fruitful. Landing at about three miles dilTance they found fome of the natives whom they well knew, yet it was not without ditRculty that thev. obtained a few coioa-nuts befiirc they de- parted. VVhen they came a litte farther to the ealU >vard, they landed .igain, and here they v^ere met by Mathiabo, the chief w itii whom they were not at all aciiii.iinted. He fupplicd thcni with bread-fruit and cocoa-nuts, and they purchafcl a hog of him for a glafs bottle, which lie chofe in preference to all the other articles prcllnted before hmi. A turkey-cock and a goofe were feen here, which were much admired by the natives, and were fuppolid to have been left there by Capt. Wallis's people. 'I'hey obferved in a houfe near the fame place feveral human jaw-bones, which fecm- rd frefli, and had not lolV any of the teeth, and were faftcncd to a board, of a femicircular figure j but they could not get any infornution of thecaufe of this ex- traordinary ajipearancc. VVhen thev kit the place, the chief piloted them over the (l.oals. In the evening they opened the bay on the north-wcOlide of the illand, which anfwered to that on the fouth-eaft in fuch a manner as to inter- fect it at the illhmus. Several canoes came off here, and fome beautiful women giNing tokens that they fliould be glad to lee them on lliore, they readily ac- ce|)ted the invitation. — They met with a very friendly reception from the chief uhofe name was Wiverou, V ho gave directions to fonic of hi.'^ people to alllll them in drefling their provilioii.;, which were now very plen- tiful, and they flipped at Wiv.rou's houfe in company with Mathiabo. I'art of the hotifc was allotted for them to flecp in, and foon alter fupjier they retired to xclh Mathiabo having borrowed a cloak of Mr. Banks, under the notion of tiling it as a coverlet when he lay down, made olf with it without being perceived cither by that gentleman or his companions. \ lowever, iil'w.s of the robbery being prellntly brought them by one of the natives, they fct out in purlliit of Mathiabo, but had proceeded only a very little way before they were met bv a pcrlon bringing baik the ilo.ik which this chief had gi\en up rather through fear than from any principle of honelVy. On their return they found the houfe entirely defcrtc.l ; and, abjut fnir in the morn- ing, the ccntinel gave the alarm that the bo.it was nulling. Cajitain Cook and Mr. Bulks were greatly alhmilhfd at this account, and r.in U) the watcr-lide j buttliough it was a clear llar-liglit morning, no but w.w to be feen. TIumi lituation w.i; now extr'-'inely dif- agreeable. The party conlifted of no more than four, having with them only one mufquet and tuo pocket piflols, without a fpare ball or a charge of powder. After having remained fome time in a llateof aiixiet), ariling from thefe< ircumllanies, of which they feared the Indians might take advant:ige, the boat which had liccn driven a«ay by the tide, returned ; and Mr. Banks and his companions had no fooner breakfalled than tliey deputed. This place is lituated on the north lide of I'larribou, the foutli ealt peninfula of the illand, about live miles call from the illhmus, witli a harbour equal to any in thofe parts. It was fertile and populous, and the inhabitants every where behaved with greir civility. 'I'iie lall dilhii'l' in Tiarrabou, in which they land- ed, was governed by a chief named Omoe. He was then building a houfe, and was very earneft to pur- chafe a hatcher, but the gentlemen had not one left. I Ic would not trade for nails, and they embarked, the chief, however, following them in his canoe with his \v\(c. They were afterwards taken on board, but when they had failed about a league, dclired to be put on Ihore. Their requeft was complied with, when the captaih nut with fome of Onioc's people, who brought with thiui a very large hog. The chief agreed to ex- change the hog for an axe and a nail, and to bring the luaft to the fort. As the hog was a very fine one, Mr. Banks ace epted the oHer. They liiw at this place one of the Indian f'.atuas, a fort of im.age, made of wicker- work, which refemblcd a man in Hgure ; it was near feven feet in height, and was covered w ith black and w'hite leathers ; on the head were four protuberances, called by the natives Tata etc, that is, little men. Having taken their leave of Omoe, the gentlemen fet out on their return. They n ent on Ihore again, after they had rowed a few miles, but law nothing, except a fepiilchral building, which was ornamerrted inanex- trajrdiniry min.ier. 'I'lie piveinent, on which wa< ereilted a pyramid, was very neat ; at a fmall dillance there was a Hone image, very uncouthly carved, but which the natives feemed to hold in high cllimation. They palfed through tli/-}iarbour which was the only one tit for Ihipping, WtTic fouth of Opoureonou, iituatc about live miles to the wellwaid of the illhmus, be- tween two fmall iflands, net far from the iliore, and within a mile of each other. They were now near the dillrict called Faparra, which was that where Gamo and Obeiea governed, and where the travellers intended to fpend the night. But when Vlr. Banks and his com- pany landed, about an hour before it was dark, it ap- peared they Were both ftt out to ji.iy them a vili: at the foit. However, they llept at Olierta's houfe, which was neat, though not large, and of which there was no inhabitant but her father, who Ihewed them much ci- vility. '1 hey took this opportunity of walking out upon a point u]-.on which they had obferved at a dillance fome trees called Ktoa, which ufually grow ujion the burial places of tliefe illandcrs. I'hey call thofe burying grounds Moral. .And here Mr. B-.nks faw a vaft build- ing, which he found to be tlie Moral of Oair.o and Oberea, which was the moll conliderablc piece of ar- chiteCiurc in the illand. It coiilifled of an enormocs pile of Hone wck, raifed in the form <^f a pyramid, with a flight of lleps on each lide. It was near 270 feet long, about one third as w ide, and between 40 and .',0 feet high. The foundation conlilleil of rock Hones j the lleps were of coral, and the ujiper part wa^ i;f round pebbles, all of the fame lliape and lize. I'kc rock and coral-llones were fquared with the utmoft neatnefs and regularity, and the whole building ap- pearetl as compact and linn as if it had been erected by the bell workmen in Europe. What rendered this lull circi;r.illance the more exiraordiniry was the coalide- lation that when this pile was railld, the Indians mull hue been totally dcllituteof iron tools either to ihaj.ve their Hones or lor any other ntcelEiry purpofe. nor h.id they mortar to cement them wlien miiJc lit for ufe ; fo tliat a llructure of fi.h heiivht and mignitiido \:v.-'X liave bieiiawoik of iii'inite k'V'Our .t.v.1 I'.it'gue. In the (ciitre of the fummi: was the reprelentatioii of a bird carved in wood ; doW- to this wa;. the f.^.uie of a lilh ill Itoiie. The p} raiuid conllitiitej part of one liJc of a court or fqiiare, the liJcs of which were nearly equal ; and the whole was walled in, and pavc.l with ti. t llones, noiwithllanding which pavement, feve.al plan- tains, and trees which the natives call F.toa, grew w .th- in the iiiv loliire. .\t a fmall dillance to the wefluiud of this edilice was jnoiher pivcd fjuarc that cont.fm^ d feveral fmall llages, called Fwatt is by tlie n.itivcs ; which appeared to be altirs, whereon they [il.iccd the iitfcrmgs to tlieirgo.is. Mr. 15anks afterwards obferved whole hogs placed u; on thcfe llages or altars. On I''nda\ the ;^Oth, they airi\ ed at Otahorou, where they foand their old acquaintance Tootahah, who re- ceived thei'i with great cixility, and proviiled them a good fupprr and convenient lodging; and though they had been lii Ihauiefully pluiiJered the fill time they flcpt with this chief, they fpeiit the night in thegreatcft; fccurity, none of their i loatlis nor any other article be- ing niiuing the next morning. They returned to the fort at Fort Royal Harbour on the lirll of July, havin^^ difcovcrcd the illand, including both pcninfulas, to be about too miles in circiimtl'iencc. .M'ter their return from thi.s tour, they wee very much in want of brcad-fiuit, none of which they liaCi been 24 Capt. C O O K's VOYAGES C O M P L E T E. M Hi I been able to provide tliciiilclvcs with, as tlicy had llrn but little in the coiirfe of theii- journey; but their In- dian t'riends coining round them, foon lupplied tlieir vant of provifions. On the ^d, Mr. IJunks made an cxcurfion, in order to trace the river up the valley to its lource, and to re- mark how far the country was inhabited along the banks of if. lie t(H)k fonie I.idian guides with him, and after having feen houfes l()r about fix miles, ihcy came to one which was faid to be the lad that could be nieC with. The m;iller prellnted them with cocoa- nuts and other fruits, and thev proceeded on their Walk, after a lliort flay. They ol'ten pafTed ' nrough "■aults formed by rocky tVagmeiitsin thecoiirfe oft'ieir (ourney, in which, as ihcy were told, benighted tra- vellers fometimes "^ook llielter. I'urfuing the courfe of the river about li\ miles f.irther, they found it banked on both fides by rocks ahnoll lOO feet in height, arul ncaily perpendicular; a Ma\, houever, might betraccd up thefe precipices, along which their Inilian guidts \eould h.tve conducted them, but the\' declineil the of- fer, as there did not appear to be any thing at the fiimmit which could repny them for the toil an,l ilan- gcrs of afcending it. Mr. ii.uiks fought in vairtjfyl ' jiiincrals among the rocks, which were naked almoft on all (ides, but no mineral fublhm.cs were touiui. "f'he llones every where exhibitvd ligns of having been burnt, wiiich was the cafe ot' all the nones that were found while tlicy llaid at Otilieite, and botli there and in the neighbouring illa:i,li tlie tra.es of fiie were evi- dent in i' ■ ' 1.1) upon the hilN. On the 4th, a great quantity '• 'i' ds of w,iter-m,'lf)'i<, or.mge-i, Imies and other ,> ' 'ought from Kin de Janeiro were planted on e,i of the tort, b\Mr. I'miks, who a'fo iikntifully 1.. plied the Indian.^ with them, and planted man\ of them in the uoo.ls. Some melons, the \lx.\i of whii h had been fown on the full arrival ftf the Englilh at the iflaiiJ, grew up and Hourilhed before they left it. U\ this time they Iwgan t" think of making prejxi- rations to depart; but Oamo, Oiieiea, .uui their fon an.i daugl-.ter ■. iliud tliembetiire the\ wereread\' to fiil. As to the young wom.m (uhofe name uas TouiKUa) flic w.n cunou., to (ee the li)rt, but ().imo would nor pcnmr her to enter. The Um of Waheatua, chief of ih'. foiith-ealt- peninfuh, was alfohere at the fame time; and they were favoured with thei ompanxot'the Indian who h.v\ been fo dextrous as to IKmI the ijuadrant, as above related. The carpenters being ordered to take down the gates and pilifadocs of the fort, to be con- verted into firewood t()r tlie I'Juleavoiir, one of the na- tives flolethe Il41)!e antl hook of the gile; he uas jiiir- Ilicd in vain, but the property was afterx^ard-, recover- ed, aiivl returiie.l to the owners by I'ubouiai 1 a- iv.aide. IJjfjie their de|vu"ture, two circiimllances happeneil which gave L'apt. took fome unealinefs. The tiril was, thu tuo fore; vi fiilors having been abroad, one of them was robbe,! of his knife, which as he was eli- de iv(niring to recover, he was dangeroully hurt \uth a Hone h;, the natives, and his companion alfo received a llight wound in liie head. The ollcnders efiaped, and the i.iptain vva> no; anxious to havi' them taken, .lb he did not want tth, tuo young marines one n-ght wiihdrew ilieinfelvcs from the ti>rt, and in the morning were not to be met with. Notice having been given the next ilay that the lliip would fail that or the enfuing day ; as th.y did not return, Capt. Cook began to be apprehenfive that they defigncd to remain on Ihorc; but as he was apprifed in fmh a cafe no C*fc:tual means could be taken to recover them without running a rifque of deltro. ing the harmony fubfilling between the I-aiglilli and the natives, he lefolved to wait a day, in hopes of their returning of their own accord. Hut as they uere Hill milling on the tenth in the morn- ing, an eiKiuiry was made afier ihem, when the Indians declared, that they did not |iropofe to return, having taken refuge among the mountains, where it was im- polliblc for them to be difcovcrcd ; and added, that each of them had taken a wife. In confcc^iience of this, it was intimated to fevcral of the chiefs that were in the fort w ith the women, among whom were Tu- boiirai Tamaide, Tomio, and Obcrca, that they would not be fullered to quit it till the dcferters were pro- duced. They ilid not lliew any (igns of fear or difcon- tent, but airurcd the captain that the marines llinuld be fent back. In the mean time Mr. I licks was dif- paiched in the pinnace to bring Tootahah on board the fliip, and he executed his cominillion without giving any alarm. Night com'ng on, Capt. Cook thougln it not prudent to let the people, w horn he had detained as hoUagcs, remain at the fort ; he thcrelore gave orders to remove them on board, which greatly alarmed them all, effx.-cially the female;, who tellilieJ the moll gloomy appreheniions by Hoods of tears. Capt. Cook efcorted Oberea and others to the H.ip ; but Mr. Hanks remained on Ihorc w ith fome Indian.*, whom he thought it of lefs iii\portance to detain. In the evening one of the marine i was brcxight back by fome of the natives, who rep irtcd, that the other and two of our men who went to recover them, would be detained while Tootahah was confined. Upon this ,\lr. Hicks was immediately fent olF in the long bc«t, with a Hrong body of men to refcue the prifoners ; at the fame time the captain told Ttxitahah, that it wa.s in iimbent on him to aHill them with fome of his peo- ple, aid to give orders in his name, that the men lliould be fet at liberty ; for that he would be e.Npeited tu anfwer for the event, 'i'ootahah immediately com- plied, and this party releafed the men without anv op- politicin. On the I Ith, about Ccww in the morning, they re- turned, but without the arms that had been taken from them when thev were made prifoners; thefe, however, being reHored foon after, the chiefs on board were al- lowed to return, and thole who had been detained on Hiore were alfo fet at libertv. On examining the dc- ferters it appeared, that the Indians had told the truth, ihev having chofen two girls, with whom the) would have remained in the illaiid. .\i this time the power ot Oiierea was not fo great as it was when the Dolphin fuH clifiovered the illand. Tupia, whofe name has been olien mentioned in this voyage, had been her prime miniHer. He was alfo the chief pricH, confe- quently, well acquainted with the religion of the coun- try, lie liad a know ledge of iiavigation, and was tho- roughly accjuainted with the number, litu.ition, and inhabitants of the adjacent illands. 'I'his chief had ouen expreH'ed a defire to go with us when we conti- nued our vo\ age. On the I :th in the morning he came o\\ board, with a b;n about tvvelve ve.irs of age, his fervant. named Taivo'..!, and recjuelled the gentlemen on board, to let him go with him. .\s we thought he would be ufeful to us in m.mv ()articulars, we unaniinoiifly agreed to (ompi) viith hi;. rcc]uell. Tupia then went on iliorc torthiCkiH time to bid farewell to his friends, to whom he gave llveral b.uibles as parting tokens of remem- brance. Mr. Bank'., after dinner, Ix'ing willing to obtain a drawing of the Moral, which Tootahah had in his poHlllion at Ivparre, Capt. Cook accomp.mied hiiu thither in the pinnace, together with Dr. Solander, The. immediately Upon l.mding repaired toTootahah's hoiifi", where they were met by Oberc.i and I'everal others. A general good imderlhinding prevailed. Tupia came back w ith them, and they pioiuilcd to vifit the gentlemen early the next dav, as the;, were told the (hip uoiikl then fail. On the i;{th thefe fricndlv peojile cime vcrv early on board, and the lliip was furrounded with a vail niuiiber ot'ianoes, filled with Indians ol'ihc lower fort. Between eleven and twelve we weighed anchor; and notuithHancling all the little miHinderHandiiigs be- tween the I'.nglilh and the natives, the latter, who poMined a great fund of good n.iture and mu, h (eii- (ibility, took their leave, weeping in an all'eCtionatc manner. .\s to Tujiia I.e fupjjorted iiimfclf iliiougli ml added, that confcqucncc of ;hicf3 that were .horn were Tu- hat they would rtcrs were pro- f tear or difcon- niarines lliould Micks was dif- aliah on board nilfiou without II, Capt. Cook ', whom he had rt ; he therefore , which grcatl/ C5, who tcilifieJ floods of tears. ;rs to the ilnp ; ,h foiiie Indians, .' to detain. In rcxiglu back by C the other and them, woukl be L'd. Upon this the loiijr boat, ;he prifoncrs ; at hah, that it was fome of his pco- t the men (liould be expected tu iiucdiatety com- wiihout an\ op- orning, they re-" been taken from tliefc, however, I bjard were al- )een itetained on uiiinin;; the de- d told the truth, , hom the) would i time the power hen the Dolphin rthofe name lias ;e, had been her ef priert, confe- i;ion of the coun- on, and was tho- T, fituation, and 'I'his chief' had when we conti- 10 on hoard, with fervant. named n on Ixwnl, to let e would be ufeful niouHN agreed to n went on lliorc frienils, to whom jkens (if reniem- illing to obt-'.in n lahah iuui in his Lcomp.mied him th Dr. Solander. ired toTootahah's lerea and feseral uidmg prevailed. ,■ proiiii fed to viflt tlie-. were t(jld the 'A ■ came vcrv early ndcd with a vail s of the lower fort. ,hed anchor; and iiderftanilini^s be- , the latter, who ire and inu^h fen- in an alfeCtionatc :d hiiiifill tliroiigh thi.^ .-kiMti^ ■ - f^i ittii ■ , I!;!'* m )m ^ J" f ^ J . w . V . V .Jii cook's first VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the IVorld. -5 this fccile with a becoming fortitude. Tears flowed from his eyes, it is true, but the clVort that he made to conceal them did him an additional htJnouf. He went with Mr. Bank? to the mafl-hcad, and wavin^^hiihand took a lafV farewell of his country. 'I'hus wc d'.'pancd from Otahcitc, after a liay of jult three months. i8"30-j; r x - " -! ^. I) CHAP. v.* All I'i/hriuil ami lie/mplkr trcmiif of OlahciU—Of the ijland and its ptodiuJioiis — 0/ ibc id'ahitaiits^their di,fi-^ Divrlliiigs Mivmcrnf liv/ii^—DiviTjmi—Mmu/aJ7iin-i-—Arh'^i\tcHCcs-~Langu.ige^Dt/tv/^^^ cmmo- Hies — 1 ind grrjiynmeiil . PORT Royal bay, iil tlie Kland of Otaheite, as fettled by captain Wallis, we found to be within half a degree of its real fituation ; and point Venus, the northern extremity of this illand, and the ealkrn part of the bav, lies in 149 deg. 30 min. longitude. A reef of coral rock furrounds the illand, forming fe- \eral excellent bays, among which, and equal to the heft of them, is Port Ro\at. This bay, called by the natives Matavai, may eafily be difcovered by a renfark- ablc high mountain in the center of the illand, bearing due fomh from Point Venus. To fail into it, either keep the weft point of the reef r.hat lies before Point Venus, clofe nn board, or give it a birth of near half a mile, in order to .avoid a fmall flioal of coral rockd, vhercon there is but two fathom and an half of wa- ter. The moft proper ground for anchoring is on the •alhrn fide ol the bay. The fliore is a fine fandy beach, behind which runs a river of frefli water, very conve- nient for a fleet of lliip>. The only wood for bring upon the whole illand is that of fruit: trees, which niiift bcpurcliafed of the natives, or it is iiiipollible to lise on friendly terms with them. 'I'he face of the coun- try is very uneven. It rifis in ridges that nm up into the middle of the ifland, where they form mountains which may he k^:n at the diftance of fixty miles. Be- tween thefi- riiigcs and the fea is a border of low land of ditlereiit breadths inititferent parts, but not exceed- ing any where a mile and a half. 'I'he foil being wa- tered by a number of excellent rivulets, is exticmtly fertile, and covered with various kinds t)f fruit trees, which form aimoft one continued wood. Even the tops of the ridges arc not without their produce in fiiine parts. 'I'he only parts of the iftand that are in- haliii' tl, are the low lands, lying between the ((wt of the 1 ul;',cs and the fea. The houfes do not form vil- lagis, but are rangeil along the whole l)(>rder, at about \'\\\\ \ ards iliftant from each other. Before them are little groups of the plantain trees, which furnilh them with cloth. According to Tupia's account, this illand could furnilh above lix thouland fighting men. The proiluce is brcad-fiuit, cocoa-nuts, bananas, fweet po- tatoes, yams, jambu, a delicious fruit, fugar-cane, the paper mulberrv, fevf ral forts of tigs, with manv other plants and trees, all which .iic earth produces Iponta- neouftN, or with little culture. Hut here are no I'.u- ropean fruit, garden-ftulf, pulfe, nor grain of any kind. 'I'he tame animals arc hogs, dogs, and poultry ; the wild, ducks, pigeons, parroi^ucts, and a few other birds. The only quadrupeds are rats, and not a ferpent is to be found. In the fea is a great variety of excellent lilli, which conrtitutes their chief luxurv, and to catch it their chief employment. The people in general are of a larger make than the Europeans, 'i'he males are mollly tall, robuft, and and lincly Ihaped; the women of the higher clafs above the li/.e of our linglilli ladies, but thofe of inferior rank arc below our ftandard, and fdnle df them Very Ihort. Their natural complexion is a fine clear olive; or what wc call a brunette, their Ikin delicately fmooth, and agreeably foft. Their faces in general are hand- fome, and their eyes full of fenfibility; Their teeth are remarkably white and regular, their hair for the moft part black, and their breath is entirely free from any difagreeablc fmclfi The men, unlike: thedriginal inhabitants of America, have long bear.ls, which they wear in various Ihapes; Circumcilion is generally prac- lifed among thcin from a motive of cleanlinds, and they have a term of reproach with which they upbraid thofe who do not .ndopt this cuftom. Both fcxes al- ways eradicate the hair from their arm-jiits, and they reproached our gentlemen with want of clcanlinefs: their motions are cafy and graceful, and their beha- viour, w hen unprovoked, alfablc and courteous. Con- trary to the culiom of moft other nations, the women of this country cur their hair fliort, whereas the men wear it long, (ometimts hanging loofe upon their lliouldcrs, at other times tied in a knot on the crown of the head, in which they ftick the feathers of birds of various colours. A piece of cloth, of the nianu- facliireof the country, is frequently tied round the head of both fexes in the manner of a turban, and the wo- men plait very curioully human h;;ir into long ftringsj which being tolded into branch^ ., arc tied on their tbreheads by way of ornament. 1 ii .y have a cullotn practifed in many hot countries, ./f anointing their hair with cocoa-nut oil, the fmell of which is not \cry .igrecable. Having, among their various inventions no forts of combs, they were infefted with vermin, which they quickly got rid of when furnilhed with thofe convenient inihumcnti. 'J'hey ftain their bodies by indenting or pricking the tlelh with a fmall inftrument made of bone, cut into Ihort teeth, which indentures they lill with a dark blue or blackilli mixture, prepared from the fmoke of an oily nut (burnt by them inftcad of candles) and wa- ter. This operation, called by the natives Tattauw ing, is exceedinii;ly painful, and leaves an indelible mark on the Ikin. It ii> ufually performed when they arc abou' ten or twelve years of age, and on ditl'erent parts of the body; but thofe which fuft'er moft feverely are the breech and the loins, which arc marked with arches, carried one above another a conliderahlc w ay up the back. Mr. Banks was prefent at an operation of tat- taowing, performeii u]ion the pofteriorsof a girl about twelve ye.irs old. It was executed with an inftrument that had twenty teeth, and at each ftroke, which was repeated every moment, ferum mixed with blood ilFued. She bore the pain with great refolution for feveral mi- nutes J but at length it became fo intolerable, that ihc murmured and burft into moft violent lamentations; but her operator was inexorable, whiirt fomc females prefent both chid and beat her. Mr. Banks was a • Wo here bi'{> leave to remark to onrvery NCMKROt'S stmscRinF.RS, tliat this much admired n\ii is niit only fur prfffijH- to any other imblicatiim nl' the kind whiUcNer, on account of its /■'Irgtinif, large Size, (.t'eiipiii-j's, Aulhetit'uilw and its including nil Ctpt. Ciok's ( niige> i:ompkle, written in an admirahly plcsling and elegant Ityle, but aifo becaufc every yi/nf/cS'/.'iv/ ut'i;«/Z.r/?iriece//iiry length, is otVcrcd to the public at an ixlrm>agant Price. The common reduced Magazine Size, in \\\m\\ J'eparate Paris ol' iheje ll'irks have been .ittempted to be miblilhed, we lind is .ilfo nnivcrfallyobietled to by the public : fo kLL Capt. COOK'S VO'\' AGES, ic. CoMFLKTh.thcpublic at large that by the pubti.ation of tlii.s lakue Folio Edition of ai will be (igrecahly iiccomnndalcil, not only by being poll'elfed at nn tajy Riile of (iich a vaft .^i^u/inlity tf Matter included by onr ctosh Mclho/i if Printing, but likewile by acqnifiiig at the fame 'I'iine all the si'llnuio lAK(ifc Touo Co, iuttd Scale, but) in the OKiCjlNAL olZL, in Numbers at only bixi'tNcE each No. 3. O ofi'LK-iaATEii (not onari« fpev^lator Capt. C O O K's V O Y A C; E 3 C O M P L E T K. fl^.i'i'f. fpciftator for near an hour, during which time one (idc only was lattaMvcd, the otiicr havin}; undergone the ir- ri'inony foinc time before, and the arches upon tne hiins, which are the nioO painful, but which they hioll value, were )ci to be made. They cloath thrnifclves in cloth and matting of va- rious kinds: the firft they wear in fine, tiie latler in wet weather, Thefe are in dilferent forms, no Ihape being prefervcd in the pieces, nor are they fewed to- gether. The women of a fupcrior clafj wear three or four pieces. One, which is of conliderable length, tliey >' rap ll'veral tums round their waill, atid it talis down to the middle of the kg. Two or tiirec other il.orr pieces, with a hole t ut in the middle of each, are jilaud on oneanother, and their heads ronung through t!ie holes, the long ends hang before and behind, both fides luingopen, by which means they have the free ufe of tlicir arms. The mens drels is very fimilar, difl'ering only in this inllance, that one part of the garment inllead of falling below the knees is brought between the legs. This drefs is worn hv all ranks of people, the only dilbnclion being quantity in the fuperior elafs. At noon both fexes appear aliiioll nakcil, \vcaring only a piece ol cloth that is tied round the wailh Their faces are fhaded from the fun with fmall bonnets, made ofcocoa- n'.it leaves ( r matting, which are conllrucfed in a lew minutes. The men fomctimcs wear a fort of wig ol human or dog's hair, or of cocoa-nut (bings, woven on a lingle thread, fallened under the hair, and hanging cl<>wn behind. l$oth men and women wore ear-rings on one iKi/, conlifling of ihells, lionet, berries, or fmall E carls ; but they foon gave the preference to the beads rougl;i L,- the l''.ndea\(nir's ccmpnn). The 1k\vs and girls ^'O ijuite naked ; tiie lirlt till they are C{:\a\ or eight years old; the latter till they ate about live. The natives of Otaheite feldom ufc their houfes but to deep in, or to avoid the rain, as they eat in the open air, under the Ihaileofa tree. In tliofe there are no (livili ins or apartments. Their cloaths fcrve them for covering in th;' night. Themarterand hi^ wife repofe in the middle; then the married pe()|)le ; next the un- married females; then the unmarried men; and in lair weathef the fcrvants llecp in the open air. The hauks ef the chid's, however, ditler in lome particukns. There are thole that arc verv fmall, and fo conlbuctcd as to be carried in canoes : all tides of them are im lolVd with the leaves of the cocoa-nut; the air neverth.kl.; penetrates. In rhcfe the chief and his wife <>nly lleep. V\'e likewife favv houles that are general receptacles lor the inhabitants of a dillrict, man\ of tlieiii being more than -200 feet in length, 4.0 in breath, and -> or 8o Irct Ingli. Tin v are i onlhucteil at tlic common ex- jience, and have an area on one fide, turniuiukd w idi l(.vv palifadoes ; but like the others w iihout walls. Their cooker}' coniitls chietly in baking, the manner «)1 doing which has been li( liire noticed. V\ hen a c.hitt kills a hog, which is but feldom, he divides it equally aMKHig his v.iflhls. Dopp. and k)vvls are more common fiod. When the bread-fruit is not in fc4k)n, Cocoa- hiits, bananas, pfantains, Ccr. are lublliiuted in it.? Head. Tlify bake ih 'ir br ad-fniit in a manner which renders i: lomcvvhat like a iiicl/ pmatof, Ot this three diilifs art made, by bciuing ihem up with bananas, pkintains, or fmupafle, which is called b) thcuiMahie. Sour pade Is made by taking biead-imit not ihorougbly ripe, ancl laying ir in neap^ covered with leavi.i, by which means it terinents. Ihe core is then taken out, and the fruit put into a hole lined with grafs; it i-, then .again covered with leaves, uiv)n which large Itoncsare placed'; thia produces a fCcond fcrm'.-ntatioh; alter which it grows four, without any other change kir » long time. 'Ihcy lake it from this hole ».•> they have oceafion for it, and make it iruo balls. It is then rolleil up in plantain leaves and baked. As it will keep for foine weeks, they cat it both hot and cold. Such is the k)od of this people, their lauce to which is only fait water. As to tneir drink it in generally confuicd to AVtttcr, or the milk of the cocoa-nut, though fomc of tiiem would driifk fo freely of our Khglilh liquors as to Iwowme quite mtaxicated, iuchinllancc*, however, were occalioiicd more by ignorance than delign, a.n they were never know n to practice a debaiK h of this kind a feconi time. We were told, it is true, that their chicfii fomc- timcs became inebriated by drinking the juice of a plant called Ava, but of this wc faw not a finglc in- Ihmce during the time we remained on the ifland. The chief eats generally alone, unlefs when vifited by ;i Itranger, who is permitted fometimcs to be his mefs-mate. Not having known thcufe of a tabic, they lit on the grouml, and leave.? of trees fpread before them fcrve as a tabte-doth. Their attendants, who arc numerous, having j)laced a balket by the chiefs, con- taining their provilions, and cocoa-nut fliclls offredi and liilt water, fet themfelves down around thcni. They then begin their meals with the ceremony of walliing their mouths and hands ; after which they eat a handful of bread-fruit and lilh, dipt in fait water alternately, till the whole is confumcd, taking a tip of fait water between almoft every morfel. The bread- fruit and lilh isfuccceded by a fecond courfe, conlilling of either plantains or apples, which they never eat. without being pared. During this time a foft lluid of pallc is [irejiarcd from the bread-fruit, which they daink out of cocoa-nut Ihells : this concludes th.e meal ; and their hands and moutli.s are ,-igain waflied as at the beginning. TIilIc people eat an adOnilhing quantity of tixxl at a meal. Mr. banks and otheis l;uv one of them devour three lilh of the li/.e of a fmall carp, tour bread-t'ruits, as l.ugeas a ci)mnu)n melon, thirieen tir fourteen jilantains le\ en inches long, and above half .i.~ big round J to all which wps added a quart of tin? pade by way of drink, to liigef^ the whole. The inhabitaiifi of this illind, though apparently loud ol the plealiire.s of lixietv, have yet an avcrlion to holding any inter. ourfe with ea;h other at their meals; and the) are fo rigid in the obfi'rvation ofthi.i cuttom, that even brothers and (ilUr.s have their feparate ballnd during the whole time of their repalh The middle aged of lu- perior rank go uluallv to lleep after dinner ; but, wlii men are excluded from thefe danres. Oneofthe worll culbmis of the people of Otaheite, is that which feveral ol the principal people of the ifland have adoptetl of uniting in an aifociation, wherein no woman confines herfelf to any jiarticular man, by which means they obtain a perpetual fociety. Ihefc forietics are called Arreoy. 'Ihe members have meet- ings V here the men amiife themfelves with wicA ling, and ilic viomen dance the Timorodec in fuch a man- ner as is moll likely to excite the delires of the other tcx, and which were frequently gratified in the ailcm- blv. A much worle practice is the confequence of this. If any of the women prove witii child, the in- fant is dedroyed, unlefii the mother'.s natural alfeclion ihT VOVAGK — Un n.wWiu^ D'/t^AU'rirs irt th- South Si-uj & Roiim! ;ne l'/'. and (pears. Heneath thefe fhiges the rowers tit, who fupply the place of thofe who arc wounded, 'i'he lulling Iv.ihahs are from thirty or fort) to ten feet in length, and thole for tiavellincr have a fmall houlii fixed on board, which is fallcned ujion the fore-parr, tiirihe better accommodation of pcifons of rank, who oi cups them both day and night. The Pahies dilfer alii) in li/.e. Icing (rom (ixty to feventy feet long, they are alfo very narrow, and are fometimes ufed for fight- ing, but eluetly t()r long voyages. In going from one illand lo another, they are out fometimes a month, and otten at fea a ti)rtnightor twenty days, and if they had convenience to llow more provilions, they could Hay out much longer. Thefe vell'els are very u('elul in land- ing, and [nitting olf liom the Ihore in a f irf, for by their j.aeat length and high (lern they landed dry, when the luideavour's boats could fcarcely land at all. Thev arc verv curious in the conflruclion of thefe boats, the chief parts or pieces whereof arc Ibrmed fe- parately without cither law, plane, chilfel, or any other iron tool, which renders their fabrication more (urprif- iilg and worthy obfervation. 'Ihefe parts being pre- pared, the keel is fixed upon 1- )cks, and the planks arc fupportcd with projis, till they arc fewedor joined together with (Irong plaited thongs, which are pidlc;d fevcral times through holes bored with a cb-idcl of bene fuch as they conmionly make ule of, and when linilhed, they are futliciently tight w ithout caulking. They keep thefe boats with great care in a kind ol llied, built on piir|K)le to contain them. .Vlr. Banks and Dr. Solander were at a lofs to find out their method of dividing time, they always made ufe of the tertii Malama, which lignities the moon ; when- ever they fpokc of time, cither pall or to come, they reckon thirteen of thcle moons, beginning again when they are expired. This proves that they have fome idea of the folar year J but thcfc gentlemen could not. dif- cover how they computed their months, to make thir- teen equal to the year, as they laid thefe months conlilt- ed of twenty-nihc days, one day in which the moon was invilible being included. They, however, knew the prevailing weather that was to be expeded, as well as the fruits which would be in feafon. As to the day, ihey divide it into twclv« equal parts,, fix of whicli be- long: w 28 Cnpt. C O () K 's VOYAGES C O M 1' L E T E. !;i| '. ! \i U i Pi ■•it 1 ^. long to tlie day, and the other lix to the night. Wlun they niMiicratc, they reckon from one to ten, making \\l\- of thiir lingers, and changing hands, till they come to the number which they intended to exprels ; and joining exprcllive figiis to their vords, in the coiirfe of their ronverfuion. But they are not lo expert in niealuring diftances, for when they attempt (ieforiliing the fpace between one place ami another, they are ob- liged to cxprefj it by the time t''at would betaken in palling it. With regard to tlieir language, it is foft, as it a- lioiinds with vowels, and cafy to be pronouiu id i but \ers' few of their nouns or verbs being decliiuahle, it iinill confequently be rather mipcrfect. However, we tinind means to be UiUtualiy uniierllood without much dilliculty. 'I he Ibllow ing ipecimen will poilibly enable the reader to fonu fome notion of the language of thofe illanders. Aheine, /1 '.iom.m Aihoo, ,1 j^.iniiiii: Ainao, /.;<(>• dirt: Arec, .; ilty, ^'^■od Xeeheeo, i^ooA ui-^ht Oboboa, ti) vioyyo'c Oowhau, //),' //'/!;/>.( Ore' deliaiva, it /.iri'i- ii.iil Ore' ccteca, a ii'hill luiil Otaowa, \,-/hii!:iv Pa hie, ,1 /i,ip I'arawei, j j/jirt I'oa, <; iiiyh/ Toe, I'd)- riiij't Tmw, ,1 hujl'iiiid 'rattatehommaniie maitai, n -'.'J >!,!i!iri\t p, lilt Teai .\ ''//,• Teine, ii /lo/l.'iy rix)ahiini', ,; /(ilr TocanalKH', mi ,iiij I loonoah, ,/ iii'ili III livjiin ■J'umatau, ,i houuct W.ihoa, ]Wc W'.iow, /. Me\(H)00, //'(■ 'unh The nati\e> of this rountrv are fcKiom afllickd with an\ ilircal'ei except IbmetinKS anaccidtniai lit ol the cholic ; Init they are fubject to the eiilvpe!a>, .itteiukd with (Utancr)iis eruptions lomewh.it relrmbhn;' the le- profv ; and if they have it to am (imliiierabie degree, thcv are excliuieii trom f and ceremonies, which are repeateil till they recover or die. ll the former happens, it is attributed to thiir mode of proieedingi it the patient dies, then they urge that the difeafe was incurable. ■Jhe religion of thele illanders ajip<-ars to be very nulterious ; and as the language .adapted to it, was dit- 1( rent from that which was fjKjken on other oc callous, we were not able to gain iMUch knowledge of it. Tu- pia, who g;i\e us all the inlormation that \»e got in re- gard to this particular, informed us, that his cotmtry- men imagined every thing in the creatmn to proceed fron) the coniiinction of two pcrfoni. One of thele two lurt (being the fupreme deity) they called Taroa- laihetoomo, and the other Tapapa ; and the sear which they called Tettowmatatavo, thev fujjjiofe to be the daughter of thcfe two. Thev alii) im.iginean in- terior fort of deities, know n by the name of I'^iluas, two ot whom, they fay, formerly inhiibited the earth, and they fujipofe th.it the lirll man and woman deli ended tioiu them. Ihe Supreme Being they Ihlc " 'Ihe caufer of earthquakes;" but more frequently addrefs their prayers to Tane, whom they conceive to be a fon of the firll progenitors of nature. 'I'hey believe in the fxillcnccof the foul in a feparatc (late, and fupfwfe that there are twolituations diHlring in the degrees of happinefa, which they confidcr as receptailes fo^dil- liL•^cntrankli,butnotasplacc:jofrcwardsandpuIullullcnCs. 3 II Their notion is, that the chiefs and principal peoi)lr. will have the preference to thofe of lower ranks, roi as to their aiihons they cannot conceive them to inllii- encc their future (l.itc, as they believe the deity takes no cognizance of them. The oHice of pricO is here- ditary ; there arc feveral of them of all ranks : the chief is refjiedlcd next to their kings ; and they are in general fuperior to the natives, not only in jioint of di- vini- knowledge, but aifo in that of allronomy and na- vigation. Tliey arc not at all c tmci rned with the cere- mony of mariiage, which is only a limple.agiecment be- tween the man and the woman, and when they chufe to feparatc, the matter is accomplill cd with as little cerc- II ony as was thought net diary to bring them together. I'hefe people do not appear to worlliip image s of any kind; but they enter their Moia s with great awe and humility, their bodies hi ig uncovered to the waill w hen they bring their olKring to their altar. As to their lomi of government, there is a fort of fiib- onTination among them wl.i.h relemblc* the eail) llatc cf all the nations of Kiirope when iihder the feudal A- tcm, which rel'erved authoiit)' to a fmall number, put- ting the rell intircly in their power. The ranks of the people of this illand weretlicfe, I'.arec Kahie, lignifving a king or fupreme governor ; Kaiee, anlwering to the title of baron; Mannahoonics, to that of v.illal; and I'oiitou, under which name wasitKludcd the lowed orders of the people, fueh .n.s are called villains accord- ing to the old law term. The I'.arce Uahie, of v hi( h iheie are two here, one belonging to c.n h jieninfuia, had great rclpeCt Ihewn them In all rinks. The l-'.aiees are lords of one or more of the dillricts, into which (hefe goviinmeiits arc diviikd j and tluy iepa-- rate their territories into lots, whii h are given amoiij^; the MannalKKinics, whorefpectivdy lultivate the lluic that they hold under the baron. Hut they are only nominal cultivators j this, as well as all other lalxjiioiii work, being done by the 'I'oiitou, or lower clafs of the pK)]ile. 'Ihe fovereign, or I'iane Rahie, and the baron, or I'jiee, are fucceeded in titles anil honours by their 1 liildien, as fiK)n as they are born ; but their eltates re- main in their poUeirioii, and fubject to the management of their parents. I-.ven diltrict under the command ot an |-'«irie tiirni'flus a proportionate numlK-r of light- ing men, t()r the detence of the conunon caule, in cali: ot a general attack; and thev are all fubjcCt to the command ol the l-'aree Kahie. Their w capons conlift of llmgs, in the ufe of which they are very dextrous, and ot long ( lubs remarkably hard, with which they tight obllinately and < ruelly, giving no ijuarter to ihcir enemies in time ot battle. While we Haul atOtaheitc, there was a good under- Ifanding betwein the Rirees of the iwo peninfulas, though it feems that the I'.;ireeof Tearrebau called hiiii- lilf kingof the whole ifland ; this was a mere nominal claim, and was conlidered as liich by the inhabitants. 'I'here is not any thing among them fubltituted tiir money, or a general medium by whu h every iltlirabic object may be i>urehafed or proi iireil ; neither tan nny |)ermanent gcKKl be oiMained by li>rce or traud. The gene lid commerce with women fets alide almolWvery excitement to commit adultery. In a word, in a go- vernment fo little |x)lillic-d, though dilhilniti\e nil- tice cannot be regularly adminiltered ; as, at the fame time, there can be but few crimes wherion to exercile it, the want of this jiillice is not fo feverel) felt as m more civilized focietits. S he vinhappy fuf- klt to pcrifli in 11, and complete : llatc; wc Ihall prthcnd may be COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Difcoveriet in the Souf/j St'tts & Round the IVor!,l. ag of 'ife to fiich gentlomrn in the navy, who niay hcrc- attcr have it in their orders to touch at the faino. As this i Hand can be life ful only by liip|)lying llii[is with refrclhinents in their pall'ige through thefe fcas, it might be made to anf«er fully this important t'nil ; I-'.u- ropein cattle, plants, garden ftulf, and the molt ulet'al vegetables, would iloiibtlefi tlourilh in fo rich a foil. I'hc eliniate is remarkably fine, the heat is not troableloinc, nor do the winds blo'.v conllantly from the call. We had frequt ntly a frelh gale from the i». VV. fomctimes, though very feklnm, from the N. W. We Ivarni from 'I'upii, that foiith wellerly winds pre- vmX in October, Novembei' and iJicember, and we hav noiloiibr but ilrs is true. A: the time the \\inils irc v.uiah'c, they arc ;\Uvay.s aeeompanieil In a fuell from the S. W. or W. S. W. The liinic iVell nap|icns on ;t calm, and when the atinili>liere is loaded wiih < loudj, which Ihews th.it the wind-, arc variable, or\>eilerly out ar fca, for with a trade wind the wether is clear. In thcfc parts the trade w ind does not extrnd thither t(i the fouth than twenty degrees, beyond which we f.'cnc- rally found a (;;\le from the wellAard. The tldci Ivrc are perhaps ;'.s iiiconfiilciableasin any part of the ..orld. A fouth or fiiithby well moon makes high water in the harbour of M.uavai, and its perpendicular height fcl- dom exceeds ten or twelve iiichci. •4«^ -t ii '•; -!- J..-..!-- JU ?^a- CHAP. VI. Sci me mcimiy.: cf iWlih- a':J t>i\i Ibr i',:id'\Kwy ,ind iilboy — .7 dtjh-iplioii of tbe ciuiiiyy and its foytifird lilL^'t's — '^'br bii/s frim Mifinyy L'lty to Ibr lliv r>f fjlvids — ,7 drfinpti"'! nfthr liiduins ontbr hduks vf'ibr KivryTbamrs-^.lnd of tbr limkr /kit t;ro;w tbryr — lnlcyvirivs'fcnbers, who\ii;li to be giatifii'd im- iiu'diiteU- with a'nhcnrir inlbrmation rclpeeling this mod celebrated Navigator. NOtwithflanding the ignorant anirrioiv. follered on the public by editors ofother piilili( utions ot the kind, wc have authority to fiy (the Rev. Mr. (irei'.liJc's telldicatcbcing intheiioirellionof (nirpub!'lhcr}that the Iitc Japt. James L'iH)k wa> born at Marton, in I lie North Killing of Viiiklliire, on l^ 'j, I7:S. I lis father. who was a day labourer (a eireunillarue by nomean'- to thedifgrace I'Ui I'linourof our unparalli-led voyager) in that village, put his fon at an early age apprentice to a Ihop-kerper in a neighbouring ti)wn. I lis natural mclin.iiion not having been confultcil on this occallon, he loon quitted the i r.iiucr from dilguil, and bounvl himlelt (or nine \ears, to the mailer of a vcllel in the Cioal-tradc. At the breaking out of the war in 175;, being impiefled, he entered into the king's fcrvire, on board the I'lagle, at that rime commanded by Capt. I lame.-, and altcrwanl by Sir Hugh I'aliifrr, w ho foon difcovcr d his merit, and introduced him on the (.luartcr-tletk In the year 1758, we find him mafter of the Nor- thumberland, the llag Ihipol Lord L'olvillc, who had then the command of the fjuadron Uationcd on the coail of America. It was here, as he has often been heard fay, that, during a hard winter, hc lirll read Euclid, and applied himfclt' to the lUidy of mathe- matics and aOrononiy, without any other aflitlanee, than what a few books, and his own indtilhy alfordal him. At the fiime time, that he thus found means to cultivate a.nd improve his luind, and to fuppK the de- ficiencies of an early education, he w.;«engaged in moll nfthcbufy and active fccne.s of the war in America. At the liege of Qiiebcc, Sir Charles Saunilers commit, ted to his charge the execution of fcrvices, of the lirll iiiipoitance in the naval departnunt. He piloted the boats to the attack of Montmorency ; conducted the embarkation to the {Iciglits of Abraham, examined the palTagc, and laid buoys for the lecurity of the larue Ihips in proceeding up the river. The courage and addrcfs with which lie acquitted himfelf in thefe Ic'rviccs, gained hmi the warm fricndtliip ofSir Charles iaundcrs and Lord Colvijie. w ho contmued to patronize him during the rcfl of their I've.s, with tlic greatell Zeal and atl'ection. At the conelulioii ot' the war, he was apj)ointcd, through the recommeniiation of L(jrd Colville, and Sir Hugh Pallifer, to furvcy the Ciull'of St. Lawrence, and the coads of Newliiundland. In this employment he continued till the year I7C)7. when he was fixed on by Sir Kduard llawkc, tocommand art ex[)evlition (being his firlUoy.-igewh.iehweare nowabout relating) to the South Seas ; ti)r the purpofe ot Obferv- mg the tiantir of \'enus, and prolecuting dUcovcries in that part (;f the globe. 1 rom this perioil, as his fervicos incrcafcd in ufefi.U net's to the public, lb his reputation propornonably ad- vanced to a height too great to be affeetcd by our j-'a- neguic. liukcil, he ajipcars to have been mofl emi- nently anil peculiarly qualified for this fpecies of cntcr- [)ri/t'. 1 lie carlied habits of his life, the rour.'e of his lervi' es, and the conllant appliiation ui his nn'nd, till conlj)iivd to lit him lor it, and gave him a d-'grec ol proieiliunal knowledge, which tails to the lot of very feve. 'I he C'lntlittition of his body was robufl. inured to labour, :vid ( apable of undeigoing the fcveiell hard- ihips. His lloniaeh bore, without dithculiy, the coarfcfl and moll unL.';iatetul food, indeed, temperance in him wa?. fcaicily a virtue; fo great was the indif- ference V. irh vdiicli he fubmiited to every kind offelt- denial. I he quahric; of hi-, mind were of the I'ame hardy, vigorous kind with thole of his bo.ly. Hi 5 underllan.ling was Urong and perfpicacious. His judgemeiK, in whatever relalcvl to the fervici-,-, lu' was engaged m, quick and furci His dcfigns were bold and manlv ; and both in the concc(Hion, and in the mode of execution, bore evident marks of a great ori- ginal genius. His cour.'.ge was cool and determined, and aceompaniid w ith an admirable inelence of mind in th'.' moment of danger. I iis manners were plain and unitt'ected. His temjier might perhaps havx'bccn julUy binned, ai fuhjtvt to halliiiefs and pallion, had not thefe been difarmed by a difpolition bcnevcleni: and humane. Such were the outlines of Capt. Cook's chancier j bi't Its moll ditlingtiilhi.ig feature was, that unremit- ting perfeveranec in the purfuit of his object, which wafe not only I'uperior to the oppotition of dangers,' and the pl-cHure of hardlhiiis, but even eJicnipt from the H ant of ordinary relaxation: During the three long and tedious voy;igcs in which he was engaged, hiscager- nefs and activity were never in the Icalt abated. No incidental temptation could detain him for a moment, even thofc intervals of recreation, which fontctirnes un- H avoidably 3° Capt. C O O K s V () Y A CJ E S C O M P L K T E. «i||l i, 1'! ^^ avoiilabljr Dccurrtd, anil were Iwikcil lor by us with a longinf;, that juTlbiin «ho havi* cxpciiinii'ii the t'a- ti^V'i"> "f fiTvice, will icailily (.xcud', wtrt fiihiuittcil to hv him with a cirtnii^ inip;itii.-ncc, wluncvcr tlu'y roiilil nut ho rinpl(i\al in iniikiiij; further provilion li)r the more crtivfii.il pnilci iition ol his iKli^;n'*. It is not 11 ccllarN , Ikiv, to enumerate the purfirii- lar inllaiu es in whii h thcfe <)\i.t!ities weie ilil'pliviil, tliiring the j^reat and imjiirtant emer|)ri/A . in wliirh he was enf^ageil. We lliall contetu oiirlVlves wiih llatinjT ihe refiilt of thole I'erviies, iiiuler ihe two prinii- pal heails to wliich they may he relerreil, tliol'e ot Veo- jjraphv aiul navij'alioi), platinj; each in a liparate anil dillinct point of .ieu. Ferhajw no Ic lem e ever receivtil pjieater ntlditions frnii\ tile lahoiii'. of a rnii.'le man, than neo^rapliy has done t'loiii thnl'i' of Captain Cook. In his lirll voav;^e to the Smith Seas, he tlil'eo\iiul the Society lllaiuls ; deteimliuil tin- iiifulariiy of New /i.alaiul; difroscriil the llraits which feparate tic tuo illaiuls and are callnl alter hi'- name, and mado a i onipKir fm u\ of both. I le altti wards explored the ealtern eoall of New Holland, hitherto unknown, an extent of tuenty-leven »lij;rxes of latitude, or upwards of two thoiiiiind miles. In his feeond expedition round the world, he re- folved the tjieai proliUin ot'a fuiiihern continent j hav- iiii; traverled that luniilpluie lietv.ien the latituiles of 40 and 70 decrees, in Inch a maniur, as not to leave a pollihilitc ol it- exillei.i e, unlif-- luar thepde, and out of the reach of na\ ij;ation. Diirin;; this \.) .ij^e, he difeovcrtd New Calidonui, the lart;ill illand in the Southern I'acilie, (x^cpt N'e^^ /i iland ; the ill uid ol Creorj^ia, and an unknow n 1 oall, w hu h he naiiu d Sand- wich Land, the ihiile of ihe fi utlxrn hcmifpl ere 1 and lia\iiK; twice vilitcd the tiopical leas, he llttled the ntuation* of the old, and maiie feveral new ilifcoveries, which Ihall likewife all he partic ularivcd in the follow- in;:; llierts. I)cii till, third voMjjc- (a full account of which wc fliall alio i^ivi- in this work) is dillinj;uillu d In the ex- t(i\i and importance of its dil' o\ cries, lie lide; le\eral fmaller illaiicK in the Southern I'ai die, he difcovered to the north of the cciuincviial line, the ^roupc- called the Sandwi'h illands-, whuli, from thctr lituations and productions, hid lairc-r for Ix-coiuiii;; an oh;ei.t of cc^n- fcciuence, in tlu lylU-m of hairopean na\i^ .tiion, than any other difcovcic in the South .Sea. 1 Ic afterward* ex|)lorcd what had hitherto remained unknown of the wclleni coall of .Ameiica, from the latitude of .\ ^ to -o dig. rvorth, containiii;; an extent of ilirce thou- fand five hundred milci; afiertained the proximity of the two great c ontjjunt-. of Alia and America ; palled the lliri|;hts between them, and fiir\e\ed the c oall on each lide, to loch a hei;;ht of northern latitiule, as to deiiionllrate the impracti< ahility ol a palla^^e in that hemilphere, from the Atl.intic into the I'acilic Ocean, Cither by an callern or a wellcrn c o rfe. In Ihort, il we •xcept the lea of Amur, and the Japancfe .\ichipe- lago, which Hill remain but im])crlei.tl\ known ro lai- ropcans, he has toniplcted the hydrography of the ha- biiable globe. In the profecution of his third \oyaf!;c this I'rcat man met with his unfortunate death, the |)artKi:lars pre- ceding which we think it necellary here to relate. On Friday, leb. 12, 1779, rcturnint^ to Knrakakooa Bay, and comin^^ to anchor, we were liirpri/.ed to find our reception very dillerent from what it had been on our firl^ arrival; no fliouts, no biilUe. no (onfulion, but a folitary bay, with only here and there a canoe dealing clofe along the lliore. The impiilfe of ciiri- ofity, which had before operated to fo great a degree, might now indeed be fiippofed to have ceafed ; but the hofpitable treatment we had invariably met with, and the friendly footing on which we parted gave us fome reafon to exfKjtfi that they would again have liocked about us with great joy on our return. VVc were forming variou.s conjectures, upon the oc- cafion of this extraordinary a|)pcarance, when our anxiety was at length relieveil by the return of a l»oiu» which had been fcnt on lliore, and hrou/i;ht us wonl. that Terreeoboo was abfciu, and hud Icli the bay under the taboo. 'I'hough this account appear" 1 verv fati»- llic'lory to moll of us, yet others wc )pinion, or rather, perhaps, ha\e Leen led by fu .t events ro iniajriiu', that there was (omtrhing at this lime very liilpic ious in the behaviour of the natives; and that the interdiction ol all inteicoiirfe with us on prei'mc of the king's abltnce, was only to give him time in confult with his chiefs, in what manner it iiii'dit lie proper to treat us. Whether tlufe fufpicions wtrc well-ti)imded, or the actitiint given by the nativix wa« the tiiith, we were neverahle to ale ertain. lor thi'iigh it is not iinprobahlc that our Hidden return, fin \ihkh thev could Ice no .ipparcnt caiile, and the iMclf.iy of which (the Kcf.ilutioii being damaged in a gale j wc alitivtards found it very diihciih to make (he ni coin, pre hend, ini;iht 01 ■ aliem fome alami j yet the unluf- pic :ous conduct of rtrfceobco, who on hi^ fuppofid arrival, the next iiioniiiig, came iniu'cdiate ly to vdit Captain Cook, and the eonfecjuent reliiin of the na- tives to their :oinier friendly interceiurle v. iih us, are llrong proof;, that they nc'ither meant, ruir apprt- lundccl any change of coiiekui. In fupport of this opinion, we may add the account of anotiier accident piccilVly of the fame kind, which happened to us on our lirlr vilit, the day before the arrival of the king. .\ native had fold a hog on board the Refolution, and taken the price agreed on, when I'.trce;i pallin-; by, advifed the man not to part wirh the ho ;, witheuit an advanced piii e. I or tln^, he was ll.arpiv fpoken to, and pulliccl away ; and the taboo being foon alter laid on the bay, we h;>d at lirll no doubt, but that it was in idnleeitience e)f the olfencc given to the chief, liotli thefe accidents lerve to Ihevv, how very diiliiult it is to draw any cert aiii eeuululion liom the actions tif peoplewith whole culloms.as well a ; langu.ige, we are fo imperfectiv ac iiiiainte d; at the f.uiie time, leime idea iinv be loinicil lioiu tlxin of the diiticiiltic';, at tl 'iril view, perhaps, not verv ap- parent, which tho' to eiueiunter, wh.o in all tlieir tranlactici'i'i with 'i.mgers, have to lUcr their eoiirle.- amidll fo . .. cinceitainrv, where a triHing error m ly be attended with eve 11 the meill fatal eoiifc- ejueni cs. I linviver true or taHethtle cc)niectuie< tuajr lie, things went on in their ufiial ciuitl coiirfc till Sa- turday afternoon he! .uary 1 [, 1771^. Toward the evening of that day, the olTicer who couuiianded the watering party of the Difcoverv, can)e to inform us, that feveral chiefs hail alleiiiblixl M the well mar the beach chiving away the natives, whom lie had hireil to allill the failors in rolling elown the i alkj to the lliore. I le toKI us, at the lame time, that he thought their behaviour extremely fufpicions. and th.U they meant to give' him (iime farther dillurbance. At his rec]Uill thcielcpre a marine was lent along with hitn, but was ruH'ered only to take- his lide arms. In a lliori time the olliccr rctuined, and on his faying that the illanders had armed theii'lelves with llones, and were grown very tumiikuoiis, Mr. King went to the f|>oc attended by a marine with his muliiuet. Seeing them approach, thc-y threw away thc-ir Hones, aiid, on their fpeaking to fome of the chiefs, the mob were driven away, and thole who chofe it, were fullered to aflill in lilhng the calks. 1 laving left things ciuiet heir, Mr. King went to meet Cain. CiK>k. who was coming on Ihore in the jiinnace. Mr. King relaicil to him what had jull iriU'ed, and he ordered .Mr. King, in cafe of their beginning to throw Hones, or behave infolcntly, imme- eliatcK to lire a ball at the olienders. Mr. King ac- cordingly gave orders to the corporal to have the piercs oltheexntinels loaded with ball, inllrad of fmall Ihor. Soon after our return to the tents, we were alarmed by a continued lire of mulijuets from the Difcoverv', which wc oblcrved to be directed at a canoe, that we law padd- ling toward the lliore in great halle, purlued by one of our fmall boats. We immediately concluded, that the liring was in confequence of fome theft, and Captain Cook ordered Mr. King to fc)llovv him w ich a ma- rine COOK'S FIRST VOYACIi — for inakiiiR Difcovcric; in the Sou f/j St;n fc Round the ff^orU. m C (IS >kul'(li J Imy iiiidir very I'.ttis- >pini(in, or .t (.Afiits ro time MTV I ; unii tlv.tt )ii picii'm c lini tiuu' (i> t iiii;i,lit lie lions were n;Ui\(S \\:\t lor iliiiij'h , (ill i\ hkh iMtlHiy «){■ ;i !.';;ili') wc thi n\ tiiin- thc imlur- li.s I'lippolld Illy to \A\t I ot' tin- na- V V. ill* us, nor iH^iirt- tlic aril Hint kiiiit, whiih y iK'liiM' ihc n'^ (in hiianJ li (in, wlu-ti |);irt wi:h tins, he was 1 tliL- t;iboo .1 at lirll no ■ tlif olVfncc ■r\t to IhfW, n ('(Uu tiilioi) IPMW, as Hill \iii<; at ihc iini ilvin of .not \irv ap- in all ilu-ir (U-ir their a trilling I'atal i-onfc- iiiic^ may iirll' till Si«- olTicrr w1k> iviTv, ( an)C hlni .•« the J, whom he n the lalks nio, that he UPS, and that hamr. At ig with him. In a llioft n;^ that the >, anil were to the l"|>oC Sccin;; thi-ni 1, on thi-ir were ilrivcn 1 toa'lid ill t litre, Mr. loniing on 111 what hail I all.: of tliirir ntly, ininiiv r. Kin;;; ai^- vc the pitcct fmall Ihot. calarincilliy ovcry, which f law pailii- i\l by one of led, that the and Captaia Mirij a ma- rl no rinc ariiKil, and to inilia\(uir to lii/c [lie pi'oplc .i. they lamc on lliorc. Artindinjrly tlu-y ran toward the place where wc liippolid the canoe would land, luit were too late, the people having iiuiitid it, and made ihtir e(l.a|)e into the country hctine their arrival. Capt. Cook and Mr. King were at this time ignorant that the' goods had heen already relhued, and as they thought it probable, Iroiii the circiimllances they had at lirlt ohlerved, that they mij'.lit be oC im- portance, were unwilling to reliiniuilli their lio|)es of recovering them, liavnig therelore iiiiiuired ot the niitives which w.i\ the people had tied, they li)llo\ii\l them till it was near darlv, when judging thenilelves to be about three miles liom the tcllt^, and furpeelin;', that the nati\es, who litiiiiiiuly enimuaged them in the purfiiit, wereamiiling them with I'alle informalion, they thought it in vain lo continue their fearth any longer, and returned to the be iih. During their abfence, a ■.lillerence of a more ferious and unpleafant nature had ha|)penedi the ollicer who luul been lent in the liuall boat, and wai returning on hoard with the goods which had been lellored, obferv- ing Capt. Cook and Mr. King uigaged in the purl'uit ol theolVenders, thought it his duty to fei'/.e the i:anoe, which was left drawn up on the lliore. Un- fortunately this canoe belonged to I'aicea, who arriv- ing at the fame moiiieir froiii on board the Difc()\ery, claimed Ins pro|Hrty with tiianr pKitellaiions cf his innocemei the ollicer refuliiig to giu' it u[), and bjing joined by the crew ot i!ie pinnaie, wiiii h was waiting fir Capt. Cook, a fi ullle eiifued, in \'. hich I'arcea was knocked down by a violent blow on the head with an «ar: the natives who were collected about the fpot, and liad hitherto been peaceable (pivl.itors, immediately ;ittacked our people with fu'.h a lliower of llones, as forced them to leireat with great precipit iii< n and fwiiiioll to a rock at foine dillance from the Ihore. The pinnai cw.i^ iniinediatelyiaiifacked by the illandeis, and, but for the timely intir|o:i[i<>n ol I'arcea, who feenied to have recosered fio' 'ic blm^, and liuMit it at the fame inllant, wouM fmiii have been entirely de- niolitlied. Having driN.'n away the croud, he made ligns to our people, that they might come and take polUHion ot the pinnace, and that he would endeavour to get b.iv k the things which had been taken out of it. .Alter their depariure he lollowed them in his ranoe, with a midllii|)m.in". cip and Umie other trif- ling aiiicks of tin pluiuler, and, wiih much apparent eoiuernal what h.id happened, as hcalked if the Onmo would kill him, and whether he would permit him to come on board the next dx.^ On bi :ng alliircd that he Ihould be well rei eived, he |oincd noles(as their cultoin is) with the ollicers in lokeii of liiendllup, and paddled over to the vilkigi of Kow io.\,i. When Capt. Cinik w.is inlormed of what had palled heexprelled nun h unealinels at it, and in returning on hoard, laid, '• 1 am afraid that tliife pcoj.le will oblige nietoufe fome violent nieafuies, for they mull not be left to imagine that thi y have gained an advantage over US;" however, as it was too late to t.ike any lU-ps thi.i evening, he contented himfelf with giving iiiders, that every man and woman of the illand on lioard lliould be immediately turned out of the lliip. As foon .is this order was executed, Mr. King returned on lliote, and our former confidence in the natives being now much abated by the events ot' the day, he polled a double guard on the Moral, with orders to c.ill him if they law any men lurking about the beach. At about eleven o'clock, five illanders were obferved cree|)ing round the bottom of the Moral ; they feenied very cau- tious in appro.-iching us, and, at lall linding thenilelves difcovcred, retired out of light. Al)out midnight, one of them venturing dole uj) to theobfervatory, the cen- tinal fired over him, on which the men tied, and we palled the remainder of the night without farther dif- turbaitce. Sunday morning, Feb. 14, 177.). at day break Mr. King went on board the Rifoliition for the 'lime- Keeper, and in his way was hailed by the Difcovery, and informed, that their cutter had been llolen during the night, from the buoy where it was niooied. W hill he airiMd on board, he liiiiiiil the in.uines arming, and Capt. Cook loading his double barrelle I gun. Whiltl he was nlaiing to him what had liaj)- pened in the night, he interrupted Mr. King with lome eagernefs, and aciiuainted him with the lof* of the Difcovery's ( utter, and with the preparatiom he was making for itv recovery. It had been his iil'ial praOiice, whenever any thing of (■onle>]uence was loll, at any of the illands in this ocean, to get the king or li)me of the pi im ipal I'.ivei on boaiil, and lokrentluni as hollagcs till it was iclJond. This method, which had been always attended with fuiceH, he meant tu pill file on the prefeiit occalion ; and at the fame time, had given orilers to Hop all the canoei that tlioulil atiiiiipt to leave the bay, with an intention of fiizing and dellroying them if he could nor recover the cutter by peaceable means. Acconlin}.ily the boats of both lliipi, well manned and armed, were Ihitioned acrof* the bay; and, before Mr. King left the (liip, fome great guns had been fired at two large canoes that were attempting to make their efcajie. It was between feveit and eight o'cloi k when Capr. Cook and Vlr. King quitted the Iliip toi'cther, Capt. Cook in the pinnace, having Mr. Phill'ps and nine marines with him, and Mr. King in the fmall I oat. 'llie liiH oniiis Mr. King received from him were, to quiet the minds of the natives on his lide of the ba\, by allliiiiig them thry lliould not be hurt ; to keep his people tojai'ier, and to be on his guard. They then parted, the captain wen: ro- \',ards Kowrowa, where the king rclided, ard Mr. King pioceeded to the hiaih. Mr. King's M\ care on g"ing alliore, was to give llrict order* to the marines to remain within the tent, to load their pieces with ball, and not to quit tl.eir arms. .Mterwards he took a walk to the hiiis of old Kaoo and the priel's, .ind t \[ laiiud to them as well as he could, the obieot ot the holHle preparations wliich had exceedin ;ly alarnud ilieiii. 1 le tiitind that they ha. I aln'.^dy heard of the cut- ter's being llolen. and alHire.i them, that though Capt. Cook was relobed to recover it and to piinilli the au- thors of the theft, \ei that they and the people of the village on our lide, need not be under the fiiiallell ap- prehenlion of fuliiring any evil from us. He delired the prietls to cvplain tills to the [leople and to tell them not to be alarmed, but to continue peaceable and quiet. Kaoo alkedliim w ith great earncll nefs, it' ferret iiboowa.s to be hurt.' 1 le aliinid him he was not, and both heand the rell of his bnthrcn feeincd much fatislied with this aHiir.mce. In the mean time Capt. Cook, having called off the launch which was ttationed at the north point of the Iwy, and taken it along' w ith him proceeded lo Kow- rowa, and landed witli the lieutenant and nine marines. I le immediately marched into the village, where he was received with the ufual marks of rel"|iect, the peo- ple prollraiiiig themfelves betiue him, and bringing iheirac'ulloiiied oU'erings of fmall hogs. I'inding that there was no fufpicion ot his delign, his next llcpwas to inquire tiir I'lrreeoboo and the two boys his fons, who had been his conlhmt guells on board the Refolu- tion. In a lliort time the ooys returned, along with the natives who had been lent in fcarch of them, and immediately led Capt. Cook to the houfe where the king had llept. Thc\ found the old man jult awake from tlcep, and,at"tera Ihort ccnvcrfation about the lofs of the cutter, from which Capt Cook was convinced that he was in no wife privy to it, he invited l-.'in to return in the boat and fpend the day on board the Kcfolution. To this propofal the king readily con- fented,and immediately got up to accompany him. 'ihings were in this profperous train, the twoboysbe- ing already in the pinnace, and the reft of theparty having advanced near the water-lidc, when an elderly woman called Kance-kabarcea, the mother of the boys, and one of the king's favourite wives came after him, and with many tears and entreaties, bcfought him not to go on board. At the fame time two chiefs who came along with her laid hold of him, and infifting that he fhoul? vgo no farther, forced hiiu to lit down. The natives. *h'' V- Capt. C O O K's VOYAGES COMPLETE. ■:■ ,%,:! liii y li who were collecting in prodigious numbers along the fliorc, and had probablv hxw ilarmcd by the firing of the great guns, and the appearances of hoftility i \ the bay, began to throng round Captain Cook and their king. In this fuuation, the lieutenant of nianius, ob- fcrving that his men wen' huddled Clofe together in the crowd, and thus incapable ofuling their arms, if any occafionlhould reei'iiire it, propofed to the captain, to draw thtni up along th< ;k», dofe to the ^^ater'.^ edge; and the crowd rea.i..^ making way for them to pafi, thev weredrawn \.\(< in a line, at the ilillance of about thirty yards from the place Mhere the king was fitting. All this time the old king remained on tlie ground, \u:h the ftrongell marks of terror and dejection in his countenance ; Captain L:i(ik, not willing to abandon ti\c objecl: for which he had come on Ihore, continuing to urge him. in the niofl' prclTing manner, to ]iroceeii; 'vhiirt, on tlie other hand, whenever t!u' king appeared inclined to follow him, the ihiet.v who Itood round him, imcrpofcd. at full with jirayers aiul entrjaiies, but afterwari.1. having rccciufc to toice and violence, inlifled on his ll.r.ing wluie he was. Caiuiin Cook therefore fimiing, tliat the al.irm had fpicaj lo'i gene- lallv. ard tliat it w i^ in vain to think any long r ot getting him olf, without bloodllicd, at laH gave up the point ; obferving to Mi-. Phillips, that it would be impoffiblc ti) compel him to go on hoard, with.out the rilk of killing a jMcat number ot' the inhabitants. Though the enicrpri/e, which had carried Capt. Cook on ih.cro had no^v faileil, and was abandoneil, \ct his perfon did not appear to have been in i he kill vlanger, till an acciiient happened, which ga\ealatal turn to the affair. The bout;, which had been (Ki- t;t)ncd aci'ofi the b,a_\ , having lired at fome c anocs, that were attempting to get out, unfortunately iiad killed a chief of tl'.e firll rank. I'lie news of iiis death ar- rived at the village vihere Captain Cook was, jull as he iiail left the king, and wa-. walking llowly toward the ihoro. The ferment it occafioncil was verv confpi- cumu ; the women and diildren were immediately feiu oil, and the men put on their war-mats, and armed themlelves with I'pc.irs and Hones. One of l!ie natives, hiving in Ir.i han.is .i llone, anil a long iron Ipike (wiiich the C'.ll a la'iooa) c.ime im to thi' ( apt.iin, •'ourilliing h- , wiapon by way of difirv e, and threa- tening to throw the (lone. I'he < ipt.iin detireti him to ilelill, but tiic m.Tii p^rfiflii::; in his infolence, he vms at length provoked to lire a loail ol fmall-ll ot. ■['he mm having his mat on, which the Ihot were net aide to pennr.ite, this had no odit r etfect th.ui to irii- tate anil e.irouragc them. Several Ibincs were thrown a? the HKirine.s ; and one of t'le h.reei attempted to llab Mr. I'hillip.s with his pah.oon, Imr failed in the attempt, and received from him a blow with the butt end of his tuufquet. ( aptain Cook now lired his fecond band, loadcil with ball, and killed oni ol the foiemoll of the natives, h gi ncral attack i\ith Hones immediately follo'.ud, wiiuh was a.ifwered In a ihlihargc cf muf- (juetry \\v,\\\ the marines, and thi' people in the boats. 'Ihc ifl.iiidtrs, cor.ti.u', f-i the expectations of e^ery one, flood the fire Witli great tirninefs ; and before the in.iriiK's huvl time to reload, they brol e in upon tlicm with driadfiii iT'.out-i a!id )ells. W hit folloued was a fieneof the utmoll h(;rror and lonfulion. I ourof the n.arinei were lut olf aiii'i;igf|V the ro.ks in their retreat, and f 11 a lacrilice to the fury of the t nemv i it'fje more were dangcroull}' voundid ; and the liC'tcnant, who had received a iVab bc^sicen the Ihoulders with a jiahooa, li.o.ing fortinntef. referved hiifire, lliot the man wiui i;ad wounded him jiill .is he \*^s going to rej-eat \\\n blow. Capt. C/mk, the kill time he sva-, fccn dilliiKtly, was (Landing .at the waiter's edge, and c.dling out to the boats to ceali- firing, and to pull in. If it be true, ai fome of thofe who were pieicnt have i:iiagined, tliat the marines and boat-men but fired without hi.i ore!; ;i, and that he was dehrous of previiiting any liirthcr bloodllicd, it is n.st impio Irible, tlvn his humanity, on this occalion, proved fatal to him. I'or it was remarked, fhat whilll l.r faced the natives, none of them had offered him any vio- lence, but that having turned about to give his orders to the boats, he was Itabbcd in the back, and fell with his face into the water. On feeing him fall, the iflandcr? fet up a great lliout, and his body was immediately dragged on (horc, and furrounded by the ei.cmy, who fnatching the dagger Out of each other's hand; , .'hewed a lavage eagernel!^ to have a fnare in his de(lru:iion. Thus fell this great and excellent commande;- ! After a lile of fo mucli didingiiilhed and fuccefsfu! enter- pri/.e, his death, as far as regards himfelf, cannot bt: reckoned prem;iiure ; iince he lived to iinifli the great work fir which he fecms to have been deligned -, and vias rather removed from the eiiioymenr, than cut olf from the acquifition, of gloi'y. ' How lincerely hi^ lofs was felt and Iimenled, by thofe who had fo ioiig found theirgcneral fecuritv in his (Vill ant' ondiKi, and every confolatio.., iiiuler their hardlh.ips in his tendcr- iiefs ami hunianity, it is neither nciedary nor pollibL- tiir us to defcribe j much lefs Ihall we .utempt to paint tile hoiiiir uitli which, the crews were llruck, and the iiniverf.il deletion and ilifmay, which followed fodread- lul and unexpected a i .damity. VVe lliall hue however fubjoin a few particulars which hapj liwzA I'uhlequeiit to his death, and whicil may be nat'.iralh- expeted to belong to thii account. ri' has been already related, that four of the ma- rines, who attended Captain Cook, were killed b/ the illandcr; on the fpyt. The red, with Mr. Miil- lips, their lieutenant, lluesv theinfelve-. inio the water, and ef aped under cow r of a fnuit lire from the* boat.;. (Jn this orcali(>n, a remarkable inftance of galLiiir behaviour, and of a!l<\:iion fi;r his men, wa> llirv, n Ir, that ollicer. lor he had f -arcely got into the boat, whin, feeing one of the marine;, who wai a lia 1 l\iimmcr. Hiuggling in the water, and in danger of being takj , b,- the enemy, he imnu diately jiimixil into the lea to his allillaiu.e, though mui h wouiidcil himfelf; atid. afier receiving a blow on the head from a done, which had nearly lent him to the bottom, he caught th.e nian by the hair, and broui'lit him fafe otf. (^ui people cominued tor liime time to keep ii]i a con- Ihiiit lire fiom the boats (whiih during the wf.ole tran- lacluei, were not u'.oie llian twenty jards from the l.iiui), in order to allbnl their imioriunate companion:,, if any of them ll-ould dill ren.nin alive, an o[iporn!- nil\ ol ifcajiing. 'I'liefe eltorts, feconded iiy a few giir.s, that were lired at the fame time from the Kcfo- huion, iiaving fontd the natives at lad to retire, a fmall boat, iiriiined by five of our young midlhip- mcn, pulled towards the lliore, vi here they faW the bo- dies, without anv ligns of life lying on the ground j but judging it liangeroiis to altempt to bring them od* v\iih fo fir.all a tone, and their ammunition being ne.irlv I vpi nd< il, thev ntiirnid to the Ihips, leaving tluMiin I'olieilicn ol the illanders, together with ten ll.ind^ of arm--. .■\.s luon as the general condernati. n, which the newt of tliisi alamity '( ihefe fcas, had yiven tiie captain a degree <»i" cun- ■ f I'll d him any vio- ) give his orders k, and fell with foil, the iflandcrs ,as immediately the ci.cniy, who 's hand: , Ihewed i.sdcllru',iion. iiinandc)- ! After fucccfsfu! entcr- inifL-lf, cannot be ;o linirtuhc great n defiyned ; and .•nr, than cut ot> ow fincercly hi^s who hail fit ioMK am' onduci.ana ips m his tender- ^d'try nor pollibl-; • attempt to paint V Uriick, and the followed fo dread - particulars \\hi
  • ad bodie.-, and partii uhuly that ot" Captain (00k ; lo threaten ihein wah our \engeanee in lafe of a le- fiifal ; but, by no means, to liiv unlefs attai ked ; and not to land on any ajrount whatever. Ihefe orders V(ie delivered lKl()re the whole party, and in the moll politive maiuur. I le leti die Ihips about fouro'clock in the afternoon ; and, ai wc ajiproai led the Ihore, perceived every indication of a hollile reevrption. The w'lole ( rowd of natives wa'. in mo;ioii; the women ani cliildic'; "e- liring; the men putting on their war 'luts, aiul arm- ing lhelllfeIve^ w uh K)ng fpears and daggers. We alii) oblerved, that, lince the morning, tiny had thrown up Ihine breart-works along the beach where Captain Cook had landed ; probably in expcdation of an al- tai k at that [)lace ; and, as foon a> we were widiin rea'.h, the) began to tlirow Itones at us with Ihngs, but without doing any mir liiel. (on'.luding, theiefiuv, that all attinipts to bring them to? paries would be in vain, unlel'-, we (ird gi\.r them loiiie ground for mu- tual confuknee ; Mr. Jy from the native;, he had the faiistaclion 10 find was inrtantly undcrftowi. The women immediately re- turned from the fide of the hill, whither they had re- tired ; the men threw off their mats ; and all fat dow n together by i ic water-fide, extending their arms, and inviting us to come on fhore. Though this behaviour was very expreffivc of n friendly difpolition, yet we could not hel)) entertaining fome fufpicions of its finceritv. Hut when we law Koah, with a boldnefs and alliirance altogctl-.cr un.ac- lountable fwimming off toward the boat, with a white flag in his hand, we thought it neceilary to return diis mark of confidence, and therefore received him into the boat, though armed; a eircumdanee whieh did not tend to leflin our fufpicions. We had long har- boured an unfavouial-.le opinion of this man. The prielhs had always tokl us, that he was of a nuilieio'js difpofition, and no liiend of our.,; and llie repe-led detections of his fraiiil and treaehc ry, had convmeed us of the truth of their repivfemations. Add to all tl.is, the fhocking tranfaeiioii el the morning, in which 1- • was feeii ;Kting a princical pait, maite'us feel tl'.e utmoll horror at tiiuluig h;in !o near ; and ;is he eamc up to .Mr. Kingwiih rei;.rieii tear.'., and eiiihiaeed him, Mr.King was fodiltrullfuhif hl^inten•ions, thaiheeould n )t heljj taking hold ol the point of the palnxiah, which he held in his hand, and turned it iVom him. Mr. Kini^ told him, that he lud come to ilemand the boit) of Captain Cook ; and to declare war againll them, un- 1 is it was inltantly rellored. He alli;red hmi ihii lliouki be done a.s loun a> |,olIlble ; and that he would ijo himfelf for that purjxM'c' ; and, atier heg;;ing of ,\lr. King a piece of iron, widi m.ch alkiran- e, as if nothing extraordinary had happened, lie lea; i el into the fea, and fwam alliore, calling oi.t to lui counir)min, that v\c were all friei.ds ;'.;;.>.in. We waited near an I'.our, with great an.viity for hij return; during which time, the lell ol' the boats had appio.iclied lo nei'.r the Ih.orc, as to enter inio con- verlation with a party of the natives, at fome dillancc from i.s ; by wl.ointhey Weiv j Lsinly given t4> under- llanii, that the bod;, h:'.d been cut :a[;ic' es and carried u]> the country ; but of dii^ circ umdan, c we were not intoimed, till our leturn to the ll ips. We le.an now loexp.rtf, fome impatience at Koah s delay ; upon which thee hiefs p. etfed. Mr. Kingexceedi ugly to come ein Ihore ; a'!', ri.'ig him, tint if he would go h m lif ti> Terreeolxx), the bo, y would ceitainly be re- Hored to h m. W hen they found they could not pre- vail on him to land, they attempted, under a pretence of w idling toconvcrfe witli m(>re eide, to decoy our boat among lome rocks, where they would havt had it 111 their power n> cut us oil trom the red. It wa; no dif- liiult matter to fee thiil lus two fore lingers together, which is underdood aiiin'i;',!! tlwie illanders as the fign of truth; in the ufe of which they are very fciu- piilous. As we were now at a lo's in wb.at manner to piocee-d, Mr. \'aniouver was lent to accpiaint Cap. an Cderkc with all that had palled; that cur opiiUDii was, they meant not to keep their word with us, and were li) far from being fbrry at what had happened, that, on ihe contrarv, they were lull offpints and confidence on ac- count of their late fucccis, .md fought only to gain lime, till they eoulj contrive Ibmc fclieme tor getting us into their power. Mr. V.uKouver cal^ back with oideis for us to return on l>oard ; having firlt given the nativcj to unjerlland, th.it, il" the body was not brought the next morning, the town llioulJ be dc llrov eJ, When V cook's first VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the florid. 3 5 iliatfly re- cy had rc- II f;it down ;hcir arms, L'flivc of r\ ntcrtaininp fii \\c- law :tl'.cr iinai- itii a uiiitc return tliis il him into which tliii 1 long liar- iiiaii. The a nuiliiio'js lit npiatcil 1 voiivini'cd Add to all ig, in wliich "us led tt'.c ;i3 he lanic iractil him, .liailK-iould ixi.di, whitli 1. Mr. Kin;^ the bod) 1)1' ihciii, un- d h;iii V.v.i lat ht would hi-j<;;in}» of ir.in- c, as if ij.ul into the .'oiintr\n;t.n, Niity for hij le Iniats had r inio ron- inii'dillancc III ti) uiidfr- and larrial N\c wtTc no!: ICC at Koah's ;cxiccdinj.',ly he would j^o tainly be re- )iild not pre- er a jirctence o) oiii hoat isi' had it II) wa. no dil- I.S; and wc ^ oil iill Uir- hief I anie to ;.iwi Clcrkir, Uiaid which \\ in tend Ml); us, lie laiuc ic Inidy was J be brought I a i^reat deal •d, U he told ers toj.'Cther, rs as the lign set) fciu- When they fiiw that we were going oft", they endea- voured to provoke us by the molt infulting and con- temptuous gefturcs. Some of our people faid, they could diftinguilh feveral of the natives parading about in the clothes ofour unfortunate comrades; and, among them, a chief brandilhing Captain Cook's hanger, and a woman holding the fcabbard. Indeed, there can be no doubt, but that our behaviour had given them a mean opinion of our courage ; for they could have but little notion of the motives of humanity that di- rciiled ir. Inconfeiiuenceofthe report made to Capt. Gierke, of what we conceived to be the prcfent temper and dif- pofition of the illanders, the moll eftectual meafurcs were taken to guard againft any attack they might make in the night. The boats were moored with top- chains; additional centine!s were jKilled on both lliips ; and guard-boats were Ihitioned to row round them, in order to prevent the natives from cutting the cables. During the night wc ohlirved a prodigious number of lights on the hills, which made ibme of us imagine, they were removing their e'lects back into the country, in confequence of our threats. JJut we rather believe them to have been the lacrilices that were ( erform- ing on account of the war, in which they imagined themfelves about to be engiged ; and molt probably the bodies of our flain countrymen were, at that time, burn- ing. Wc afterwards faw lires of the fame kind, as we paired the illand of Morotoi; and which, we were told by foinc natives then on board, -.vere made on account of the war they had declared againft a neighbouring ifland. And this agrees with what we learned amonKfl: the Priendly and Society Illcs, that, previous to any expedition ngainft an enem.y, the chiefs always en- deavoured to aiiiniate and inflame the courage of the people by fealhs and rejoicings in the night. We remained the whole night undiihirbed, except by the bowlings and lamentations which were heard on Ihore: and earlv the next morning, Koah came along-lide the Refolution, with a prcfent of cloth, and a fmall pig, which he ilefircd leave to prcfent Mr. King, who was fuppolVd b; the n.'ti'.es, to be the fon of Capt. C(X)k ; and a< lie, in his hfe-time, had always fiitl'ercd them to believ ■ it, Mr. Kii'g was probabK con- lidered as the chief, after his death. \ le was quellioned about the body. an,l, on lis returning nothing but eva- livc anfwcr.-i, his pi-'len's were rcfulld, and we were going to difiiiifs him, with fome e\ pre h" vis of anger and refentment, had not Capr. Clerke, judging it boll, at all events, to Ivcip up ttv Mi|)(irince of fnendili'p, thought it iiioiv proper, th 'l.nuld be treated with the ufual rclpct. This ticacl'iero'is fellow cann lu.]!:, ;itly tons, during fhccourle of the forenoon, with foiiie triH.ng prefe'it or other; and as we always ohfervcd liiiu ^,>emg ev^ry part of the Ihip with great attention, we took i.e he Ihould fee wc were well prepared for ourdefenc-. He uas cy-ccdiiigly urgent, both with Cape. Clerkc and Mr. King, to go on (lioie, laying ail the blame rf the ileteiition ol the bodies on the other chiefs ; and athiriiig us, that e\ei\ thing might be fettled to our i'atisfa..tion, by a perfonal interview with Tcrreeolxio. However, his conduct was too fufpicious to make it prialeiit to comply w ith this rcijucll ; and indeed a liiot came atterward to our knowledge, which (iroved the entire talfehooil of his pretentions, l-'or we were told, th.at, immediately after the action in which Cap tain Cook was killed, the olil king had retired to a cave in the rteep part of the mountain, that hangs over the bay, which was accelFible only by the help of ropes, and where he remained for many days, having his victuals let down to him by cords. Whin koah returned from the Ihips, we could per- ceive that his countrymen, who had been collected, by break of ilay, in vail: crowds on the lliore, throngeil about him with great cagcrncfs ; as if to learn the in- telligence he haoi acquired, and what \vas to be done in confequence of it. It is very probable, that they ex- pected we Ihould attempt to put our threats in execu- tion 1 and they feciiKd fully refolved to iland their ground. During the whole morning, we heard conch* blowing in difterent parts of the coaft ; large parties were feen marching over the hills ; and, in lliort, ap- pearances were fo alarming, that we carried out a ftream anchor, to enable us to haul the fliip abruift of the town, in cafe of an attack j and ftationed boats oil' the nonh point of the bay, to prevent a furprife from that quarter. The br :h of their engagement to reftorc the bo- dies of the flain, and the warlike potture, in which they, at this time, appeared, occafioned frcfh debates amongfl- us concerning the meafures next to be pur- fued. It was, at lafl, determined, that nothing fliould be fuffered to interfere with the repair of the malt, and the preparations for our departure ; but that we Ihould, neverthelcfs, continue our ncgociations for the recovery of the bodies. The grcatelt part of the day was taken up in get- ting the fore-malt into a proper fituation on deck, fof the carpenters to work upon it ; and in making the ne- celfary alterations in the cominiilions of the officers. The command of the expedition having devolved oil Captain Clerkc, he removed on board the Refolution, appointed Lieutenant Gore to be C aptain of the Difco- vcry, and promoted Mr. Harvey, a midfliipman, who had been with Captain Cook in his two laft vojagcs, to the v.acant Lieutcnincy. During the whole day, wo met w ith no interruption from the native^ ; and, at night, the launch was ajjain moored with a top-chain; and guard-boats ftatioiied round both fliips as before. About eight o'clock, it being very ilark, a canoe wa.s heard paddling toward the Ihip; and as foon as it was feen, both the centinels on deck Hied into it. There were two perfons in the canoe, and they imni.'diately roared out " Tinnee," (which was the way in which they pronounced Mr. King's name), and faid they were friends, and had fomething for him belonging to '' aptain 1 ook. When they came on board, they threw themfelves at our feet, and appeared cxceedini;ly frightened. Luckily neither of them was hurt, n*. - withflanding the balls of both pieces had gone thiougf the caroe. One of them was the perfon, called the Talx)o man, who conftantly attended (.aptain Cook with the circumltaiiLCs of ceremony we have already defcribed ; and who, though a man of rank in ilc illand, could I'carcely be hindered from performing lor him the lowelt offices of a menial fervant. After la- menting, with abundance of tears, the lofs of the Orono, he told us, that he had brought us a part of his body. I le then prefented to us a fmall bundle w rapped up in cloth, which he brought under his arm ; and it is iirpnl^Me to defcribe the horror which W J us, on liivl ig 1 it, a piece of human 11 'h, about ii.iie or ten pounds weight. This, he faid, \'. as all that re- mained of the body ; that the rcit wa.s cut to pieces, an.i 'lurnt ; but that the head and all the bones, except what belonged to the trunk, were in the pollellion of Terricobi>o. and the other Lrees; that what wc faw had been ...lotted to Kaoo, the chief of the prielts, to he made ufe ot in fome religious ceremony ; and that he hail lent it as a proof of his innocence and attach- ment to us. This alforded an opportunity of informing ourfelves, whether they were cannibal ; and we did not ncgledl II. V^ tirft tried, by many indirect queltions, put to . ihem apart, to learn in what manner the rell of loditj had been difpoled of; and finding them \ery conltant in oneltor\, that, alter the tklh had been cut olf, it was all burnt; wcat lall put the direCliiucf- tion, Whether they hail not lat fome of it ? They im- mediately lliewed as much horror at the idea, as ar ■ Luropean would have done; and alked, very natu rally, if that was the cullim amongit us? 'i'hey af- terward afked us, with great caniellnefs and appa- rent apprehenlion, " When the Orono would come again ? and w hat he would do to them on his return ?" The fame inquiry was frequently made afterward by others; and this idea agrees with the general tenour of their I ondudt toward him, which fliewcd, that they conlidercd bim as a being of a fuperior nature. Wc 36 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ^tfii , •■' !li ■'§ \Vc pixirid our two friendly N iluors to remain on bo.in.! till morning ; Init in vain. They tolii us, that, if this tranfaction tlioulil conic to the knowledge of the kina, or chiefs, it might be attentled \v ith the moll fatal confciiuences to their whole fociety ; in order lo prevent which, the\ had been obliged to come oil' to ii-^ in the dark; and that the fame precaution would be ncceniuy in returning on (liore. They informed us iariher, that the chief's were eager to revenge the deatii ol" their couiuiynien ; and particularly, cautioned us againll trulliiig Koah, who, they faid, was our mortal and imjihtcable cnem\ ; anil delircd nothing more ardently, than an opportunity of fighting us ; to Avliicii the blowing of the conths, we had heard in the morning, was meant as a challenge. ^^'e learned from thcfe men, that I'evenieen of their counirwnen were killed in the full action at Kowrowa, of whom li\e were chiels; and that Kaneena and hi^ brother, our very particular frietuls, were iint'ortunately of that number. I'.ight, they faul, were killed at the olil'cr\aioiy ; three of whom weie alio of the full rank. About eleven o'cloik, our two friends left us, anil took the precaution to .-leiire, that our guard-boat might attend them, till they Had palled the Difco- vcry, leall they (liould aqain be fired upon, which niigl't alarm their countrymen on (t-.ore, and ex- poic them to the danger of being dif to be fired at the natives on fliore; and promifed the crew, that if they (bould meet with any molellation at ilic watering-place, the next day, they lliould then be lefi at liberty to chart ife them. It is fomewhat remarkable, that, before we could bring our guns to bear, the illaiiders had fufpe^led our intentions, fnim the flir they fau in the ri.i[), and liad retired behind their houl'es and walls. We were tltere- fore obliged to lire, in fome meafure, at random; nor- withrtanding which, our lliot proiluced all ilic ellecis that could ha\e been delircd. i'or, foon after, we law Koah paddling towards tis, with evtieme halle, and, on his arrival, we learned, that fome people had been killed, and amongll the rell, Maiha-maiha, a principal chiet, and a near rel.ition of the king. Soon alter the arrival of Koah, two boy.'S fwam oil" from the Morai towards th.e Ihips, having each a long l'|iiar in hishaiu!; and afterthey had approac tied pretty near, they began to chant a long, in a very liil.'mii manner; the l'ub;ect of which, I'lom their ol'reii nion- tionin of their comman- der. Hut, at the lame time, their conduct fervcd (bongly ^1 ,» m I I |! COOK'S FIRST VOYAGB-^fbl- making Difcoverits in the South Seas & Roun J the !!''or!,l. 3 7 oiiiifiil tlic crew, lok-lhition at ilic »uld tlicn be Kli before \vc coiilil luil ful'|R\.U'(i (Hir a" ('!.i[), a!ul ii.id We were iheri'- at raiiiloiu ; not- cil :ill the elletis ion ail'ier, \vc iiiw ;r(.iiic liulle, amJ, jKople IkuI been ii.iilia, a principal ) hoys fs\ain olV villi; each a lonjj pproai lied pretty u a veiy liil/mii tlieir often nicn- ws, I" the \illa;Te leiikleii to be the nai'lairuivelhain iiinng the whole water, they went their I'pear.s; anJ, on ll.ore. \\ hu jf tliii ceremony, re taken for ih»" u as link, (>';i two belore, came olF ■ilcvtsofoiirgicwt ihiels e\ceeit;n};- their hollilc iii- giiaivl. [s of lH)th fliips Dil'covery was o cover that fer- genic wliicli the loiindation ; and .■ver\- op|-)orti)nity lie withuut niueli luls, the \ illap'^, h.e lea ; and the ualU, about three •il, uere intended ■ lion difcoNcred, principaily tie- '1 hcv ( oiilid ot crv dexteroii'- in I) fucii litiiation-i, ire. In the tides le bay, the\ have ■lable depth, tlie luc ot the fame iiccs the nativei rers w ith Hones ; on :hore, v itii ;hem to retreat, jle Were fo taken lat tlie) e!>.i|)l()v- ine ton ot water, iirm this fervice, j;reater dilhiiuc, e them, \( ah her a lew dil' harj^i's 1 low ever, the ce ai; liti, in tlieir found abl(>hicc!y nj; l;oLi(i.!i, near Iheker. In cv- .id, that our peo- lary cruelty and ily m be allowed nfiil's, and con- , and to the na- their comnian- conduct fervcj ftrongly I ftronr^ly to evince, that the iitmoft precaution is nc- ccirary in truOing. though but for a nionicnt, the tlifcrctionary w^v of arms, in the hands of private fca- nicn. or foldicrs, on fuch orrafions. 'I'he rigour of difcipline, and the habits of obedience, by whicn their force is kept direck'd to its proper objects, lead them naturally enough to conceive, that whatever they have the power, they have alfo the right to do. Actual dif- o'ledience being almoll the only crime for which they are accullomed to cx()cct iMiiiiihmenr, they learn to confider it as the only meafure of right and vMong ; and hence are ajit to toiiclude, that what they can do with impunity, they mav do w ith |ii(lice and honour. So that the feelings of luim;uiity, wliich are infepara- blc from us all, ami that geiierolity towards an \\n- reliliing enemy, which, at other times, is the dillin- guifliiiig mark of brave men, become but weak rellraiins to theexercife of violent e, when oi>[x)fed to the deliie they naturally have of llicwing their own iiidepeiidciice and [lower. We have already mentioned, that ordc'^ had been given to burn only a few draggling huts, which alfoid- td (helter to the iv.ui' ( s. We wire therefore a good deal fuiiiri/.ed to fee the whole village on (irC; and he- fore a boat, that was lent to Hop the prognls of the iiiili hief, could reach the Ihore, the houfcs of our old and conllant fr:ends, the priells, were all in Hames. We cannot enough l.mient the illnels, that confined Mr. King on board this day. The (iricfts had ahva\ s been under his protection-, and, imUickily, the ollicers who were then on dute, having been feldoin on ll.ore at the .Moral, were not much acijuainted with the circumllames of the [ilace. Had he been prellnt hiinfe-lf, he might pr.jbably have been the means of faviiig their little fociety from deliriK-tion. Several of the natives were ihot, in making their cfcape from thetlaiiies; and our people cut otf the heads i)f two of them, and brought them on board. The fate of one poor illander was much lamented bv us all. .K.', he v.as coming to the well for war r, he vas (hot at by one of the marines. '1 he ball (hiick his raliballi, which he imiiu'diately threw from him and fled, newaspurfued into one of the caves, and no lion ( ould have tlttin led his den with greater courage and lierceiicfs; till at fill, after having kept two of our people at bay tor a < onliderable time, he expired. coscrui with wounds. It was this accident, that fird brought us arijuainted with the ufe ot thefe caverin. .\t this time, an elderly man was taken prifoner, hound, and Tent on boird' in the fame boat with the heads of hi.' two countrymen. We never law hi>rror fo Iho.-.gly iiietiired, as in the face of this man, nor fo violent a tranlition to e\tiavagaiit jov, as when he was untied, and tc'ld he might go aw.iy in fafetv. He Ihewed us he did not want gratitude,' as he Irciiuentlv alterwarda returned with prcfciits of provilioas ; and alio did Us other ("er'. it es. Soon alter the vill.ige was delhovivl, we fiw, coming down the hill, a man, af.ended liv lit'teen or twenty bo\s, holding pieces of white cloth, green boughs, plantains, cVc. 111 their hands. We knew not how it happened, that this peaceful cmballv , as foon as they were within reai h, received t!ie lire ot' a party of our tiien. This, however, did not Hop them, liiey con- tinued their procelTion, and the olh.er on duty came up. 111 time, to (ireveiit a feet nd difcharge. As they aiiproached neanr, it was lijiind to bo Our mucli'- elleemedtriend kaireekeea, who had fled on our tirll fi tting hre to the vill.tge, and had now returned, and deliicd to be lent on biurd the Refolution. Whenheatrived. we toiind him exceedingh "rave and thoughtliil. We endeavoured to make hiiuunder- ll.inil the necelhtv we were under of letting lire to the Milage, by which his houli;, and thotl' of his brethren were unintentionally confumed. He expolhilated i luilc with us on our want of friendlhip, and on our ingratitude. And. indeed, it was ivn till now, th.at welcaint I 111 whole extent of the iniui\ we had done thaii. He lold us, that, relying on die piomilbwe liad made them, and on the afTuranccs they had aftcr-j ward received froin the men, who had brought us the* remains of CajMain Cook, they had not rcmi-ved I'.rif effects back into the country, with the relV of tlie inhabitants, but had put every thing th.it wa.s va- luable of their own, as well as what they huvl col- leoti^d from us, into a houle clofe to the iVlorai, where the;, had the mortilication to fee it all fet on fire by ourfelves. On coming onboard, he had feen the heads of his counrrymen lying on the deck, at which he wa.i ex- ceedingly Ihocked, and lielired, with great earnennefs, that thev might be thrown over-board. Thi,? re- quell C.'apt. L'lerke inllaiitly ordered to be ijiiiplicd with. In the evening, the watering party returned on board, having met with no farther interruption. We jialfed a j.doomy night ; the cries and' lamentations we heard on ihore being far more dreadful than ever. Our o:ilv confolation was, the hope that we fliould have no occahon, in future, for a repetition of fuch feverities. It is very extraordinary, that amidll all thefe dif- turbances, the women of the illand, who were on board, never otfered to leave us, nor difcovcred the fmallell apprehenlions either for themfelvc^ or their trieiids alhorc. bo entirely unconcerned did they ap- pear, that ibme of them, who were on deck when the town was in Hames, teemed to atlmire the light, and freiiuently cried out, that it was iiuitai. or very line. On Thurfday morning, Koah came oft" as ufua! ro the Ihips. As there exifted no longer any neceflity for keejiing terms with him. Mr. King was allowed to have his own way. When he approached towariis the lideofthe (hip, (inging his foiig, and oll'ering a hog, and fome plantains, we ordered him to keep off, lautioning him never to appear again without Capt. Cook's bones, left his life il'.ould pay thj forfeit ot' his frequent breach of promife. He diii not appear much mortified with this reception, bur went immediately on Ihore. and joined a party of his countrMi.m, who were pelting the watererswith flones. 1 he body of the young man, who had been killed rl.c day befiire, was found this morning, lying at the entrance of the cave; and tome of our people went, and threw a mat )iie ; the Ikull, but w ith the fcalp IVpaiatcd from it. and the bones that form the fice wanting ; the llaip, with the hair upon it cut iliort, and the tars :id- licring to it ; the Ijoncs of botii arms, with the (kin of the lore-arms hanging to thLiii; the thigh and leg- bones joined togetht.r, but without the feet. '1 he li- gaments of the joints were entire; and the whole bore cviilent marks of having been in the lire, excei)t the iiands, which had the H'.lh left upon them, and were cut in fc\eral places, and crammed with fait, appa- rently with an intention of preferving them. 'Ihe fcalp hael a cut in tlic back p;irt of it, but the Ikull was free iVom any fraelurc. The lower jaw and fett, which were wanting, Iv.ippo told us, had been (ei/.ed by dif- ferent chitts, and that I'etreeoboo was uling every iiit-ans to recover them. 'I'lie next morning, leh. 21, b'.appo, ami the king's fon, eame on board, and brmight w ith thtiu the re- maining bones of Captain Cook; the b.irrel$ of his gun, his Ihocs, ami lome other trilles that bclongeii to him. b',ippo took great pain., to convince us. that Ter- reeohoo, Maiha-maiha, and himfelf were moll heartilv detiioub o! peace ; that liuy hail given us the moll I onvim ing proof of it in their povuT; and that they li.id been prevented liom giving it former by the other ihiels, many (it whom were Itill our eiuiuies. Me lament' (I, with the greutell forrow, the death of lix I'liici's «e kad killed, Ionic ot whom, he laid, wxrc amongit our bell Irienils. The cutter, he told us, was taken away by I'arcea's people; very probal)lv in re- venge lor the blow that had been given him; and that it had been broken up the next day. The ;ums ol the inaniK-, whi' h v.i' had .illoelemanded,heainiivdiis, had been < allied oil by the eomiaon people, and were ir- recover.ihle ; the bones of the chief alone having been prele rveil, as belonging to Terreeoboo and the hrees. Noihin;' now remained, but to pertbrin the lall of- fico to our great and iinlbrtunate commaneler. l*l;»ppo was difmin'cd with orders to talxio all the bay; and, in the afternoon, the bones having been put into a cotiiii, and thefervice read over them, they were committed to the .'.eep w th the ufual military honours. What our feelings w tc on this occalion, we mull leave the world to con« ive ; thofe who were prefent know, that it is not in e r power to exprels them. During t' J torenoon of Feb. 22, not a canoe was fcen paeleir ig in the bay ; the taboo, w hich Eappo had laid on ii .he day bclbrc, at uur rcquuH, not being yet t.ikenolf. At length Eappo came olf to us. We af- ftireel him, that we were now entirely fatislied ; and that, as the Orono was buried, all rcmembrante of what had palled was buried with him. VS'e afterward delired him to take olf the taboo, and to make it known, that the people might bring their provilion.< as ufual. The lliips were foon furrounded with canoe.s, and many of the chiefs came on board, exprelling great fcrrow at what had happened, and their fatisllu-tion at our reconciliation. Several of our friends, who ilid not vilit us, fent prefents of large hogs, and other provilions. Amongll the rell came the old treache- rous Koah, but who was refilled admittance. .\s we hael ni.,v every thing ready for fea. Captain Clerke imagining, that, if the news of our procceil- ings llioulel reach the illanels to leeward before us, it might have a bad elfect. gave orders to unmoor. .About eight in the evening wc difmill'ed all the na- tives; and Eappo, ami the friendly Kaireekeca, took an alleetionate leave of us. We immediately weijdied, and llood out of the bay. 'I'he natives were coUecled on the Ihore in great numbers; and, as we palfed along, recei\cel our lalt farewels with every maikof alfectiejii iind good will. As a navigator, Capt. Cook's feniices were perhaps not lefi fpleiidid than important and meritorious. The method which he ililcovereil, and fo fuccefsfidly |nir- lued, of preferving the health of fcamcn, forms a new rt'ia in the ei.'conom)' of navigation, ami will tnmfmit his nnnic to future ages, amongll the frienels and be- nefactors of mankinel. Tho!'e who are (onverfani in naval hillory, nceel not be toKI, at how dear a rate the advantages, which ha\e been fought, through the mciliiimof long \o\ages .it lea, ha\e .il«a\s bee n pure haled. '1 hut dreadlul dil- order which is pieiiliar te) this fervicc, and whole ra- vages h:ive marked tiic tr.icks of dl!'< i>\erers with cir- cumllanees almoll too llux king to relate, mull, wah- oiit exet! iling an unwarrantable urannv over the lives ol our feamcn, have pioveei an mfuperable- i.bllacle to the profecutiim eil" fiicli enterpri/.es. It was rel'erv' el lor Captain Co k to lliew the vmhUI, by rcj-.eattei trials, that voy.iges mi^ht be protraetel to the tmukia! length of three or even lour years, in unknown regions, and under every change and rigour of elimite, not only without articling the health, but even without dmii- niiliing the prolxibility of life, in the fmallell degree. 'i'he methoJ he purfueel has been fully explaineel by himfelf, in a j-..iper which w.i.s re.id befem- the Uoval Sixiety, in the ) ear I 776, by .Sir d'lKlfrey Caplc\ , who had a gold medal aiiji.dgcd to him on that occalion ; anei whatever impro\ements the experience of his third voyage lia^ fugg.elKei, will be iiientieiiu el m this work in their jjroper pl.i es. With refpect to his prole IfMiLiI abilities, we Hiall now leave them to the iiulgemeiu of thofe who are Ih'II ace|iiainteel with the nature eif th.e ferviees in which he u.is cng.igeei. The;,- \eill reaiiily ac- knowledge, that to have eonehicted three expeditions offo much danger anei eiitiieulty. of Inunufual alenj:;th, and in liu h a varieLv of (iruation, with unilorm ami in\ariable fiiccels, mull have re\j\iireil not only a tho- rough and ae curate knowleeige of his liuliiiel's, liut ;i powerful ami eomprelientive genius, fruitlul in re- ieiurces, and eeiually reael\ in the application of what- ever the higher and inlerie)r calls ol the fervii e reijuire'd. We cannot here liirbear noticing a lueelal, whiih has been exeeuted hy Mr. Pim;o, t()r the 1J.ov.vi, So- cirrv, to perpetuate the memory of a man, whole merit is far fuperior to panegyric, but which medal, we are lorry to lay, dots not convey a tlriking likeiicf. of Capt. Cook, thixigh in fonie refpcCls elegantly dc- ligned. On one fide of this medal is given a relief of Cap- tain Cook, with this infcription, Jac. Cook, Oci..am INVBSTICATOR ACERRIMLS: immediately under the head is cxpreHed in Inmll'r characters, AV;;. Sue'. LonJ. Socio /no. On the reverfc appears an creelt figure of Britannia Handing upon a jilain: the left arm reds upon an hierilglyphic pillar : her right arm is projccltd over cook's first VOYAGE— for making Difcovciics in the Sciii/6 S,:jj !k Round tlic //;./ the i:nu!ual length •.nown regions, anil r 1 1 invite, not only even without dmii- thi iiiuiUeii degree. fully explaineei by d before the Uoyal kifrey Caplcy, who 1 on that oiealion ; ierieii('<-of his third itiuiud m this work I abilitii-s, «c Hiall eiK of thole w lu> ure of the fervi' e"i ev uill readily ae- eii three expeditions f lniiiuifualaleii|i;th, with unilonn and ired not only a tho- his liufiiiefs, l)ut ;» uus, Iruitlul in re- >li' ation ot what- tiie fervice iviiuired. ng a meilal, whirh t()r the H.ovAi, .So- V of a man, whole ,, but wliieh medal, ■y a llriking likenel'. .ipcOls elegantly dc- vcn a relief of Cap- )ac. Cook, Oci.'ivt ■diately under the ters, AV^'. Soc'. LmiJ. i an crcd figure of n; the loft arm rcfts ght arm is projeclcd over I ^1 :i4 over a globe, and contains a fymbol, cxprcffive of the celebrated circumnavigator's cntcrpriling genius. The infeription round the reverfc is, Ni/, intentati'm NosTki LiQui;iu;; and under the figure of Britannia, /////^ piciis (u-orgii ill. A few «ere (Irtick off in gold, which arc faid to be difp ■" ' of as follows : One to his Britannic majefty, under whofc aufpiccs Captain Cook proceeded on his difcovcrics. One to the king of France, for his great courtcfy in giving a fpecilic charge to his naval commanders to Jbrbear an hoflilc condud to cither of the fliips under Captain Cook's command, and to aftbrd every afliftancc in their power in cafe they fell in with them. One to the I'jriprefs of Rullia, for her great hofpit.i- lity to Captain Oiok, v\hen he touched at Kamlkatcha. f)ncto Mrs. Cook, the captain's relid. One to be dcpolited in the liritilli Mufcum, and one to remain in the college of the Royal .Society. There were alio feveral (ilver ones dillributed amongit the Lords of the Admiralty, and other diftinguilhed perfonages. The principal objedsof thcfe voyages will be befl: ex- plained by inferting the following cxtrads from Cap- tain Cook's inrtrucUons, for undertaking and. per- forming his lall voyage, dated Ailmiralt^ Ollice, July 6, 1 776, and iigned by Lord Sandwich, and two other coiumillioners. •• YOU arc hereby required and direiled.his majcfly having a good opinion of your abilities, to take the command of the Refolution and Difcovery, and p.oceed iipcni a voyage of linding out a noithern paflagc by lea, from the Pacific to the .Atlintic Oiean. " On your arrival at the Cape of (Jood Hope, you arc to refrelh the Hoops companies. " \'ou are, ifpolliblc,to leave theCapeofGood Hope by the end of October, or the beginning of Nov-nnber next, and proceed to the fouthMard in fearch of fome illands faid to have been lately feen by the French, in the latitude of 48 cleg, fouth. and about the meridiin of Mauritius. In cafe you find thofe illands, you are to examine them thoroughly for a good harbour ; and upon difcovering one, make the neccffary obfervations to facilitate the linding it again; as a good port, in that lituation, may hereafter prove very ufeful. You are then to prcK: ed to Otaheite, or the Society Illes (touching at New /ealand in your way thither, if vou Ihould judge it neceflary and convenient) and taking tare to arrive there time enough toadmit of you giving the flcKips comp.imes the relreihnient they may (land in need of. " Upon your arrival at Otaheite, or the Society Ifles, you are to land Oi.iiah at lueh of them as he may thoofe, and to leave him there. You are todilhibute among the chiefs of thofe iflands fiieh part of the prefents with which you have been fupplied, as you lliall jiidg'" proper, rcl'erving the re- mainder to dillribute among tlie natives of the coun- tries you may diluiver in the northern hemifphere. You are to leave thofe iOanils in the beginning of I'e- bruary, or foonor if you ll.all judge it' neceflary, and then proceed in as dire, t a eourle as you can to the coall of New Albion, cndti\ouring to fall in with it in the latitude ol 4, deg. north. " Upon your arrival on thecoallof New Albion, you are to put into the lirll eonvc^nient port to recruit vour wood and water, and proi ure refielhments, and then to proceed northward along the coal, as far as the la- titude of 65 deg. or farther, where we could wilh you to arrive in the month of June next. When you get that length, you are very caiefully to fearch fcr,' and to explore, fuch rivers or inlets a.s inay apj ear to be of a toiiliderable extent, and po nting towards Hudfon's or Balhn's IJavs ; and if, from your own obfrivations, or from any intiirmatioii you ma,- receive from the na- tives (who, thcreisreafon tobcliev, are .he fame race of people, andfj)eak the fame la: -uage, of which you arc furnillied witli a vocabulary, as' the Efiiuiniaux) there fliall appear 10 be a cert linty, or even a [iiiilvi- bility, of a water paHage into the alore-mention.-d bay-;, or cither of them, you are, in fu'li c-xl'c, to iile \.)ur utmoU endeavours to pafs through v* ith one or both of the (looj)*, iinh f you Ihall be ofopini( n thu the pall'.ige may be elleeled with mure certainty, or with great.r probability, by fmsller vclills ; in v.hicii cafe >ou arc to fet up the fr.imes of 'one or both ilie fmall vellHs with which you are provided, and, when thcv ire put t\ge:lier, and are properly fitted, llored.and viohia'led, you are to difpati h one or both of them, under the care of pro[)er oHicers, men, and boats, in order to ai- tenipt the f.iid pallage. Hut, neverthelefs, if vou lliall find it more eligible to purfue other nieafiires than thofe above pointed out, in order to make a dil'covery of the befi)re-mentioned palliigc, (if any fuch there ix-) you aa- at liberty, and we leave it to yourdifcretion, to pur- fue fuch meafure.s accordingly. " In cafe yoii lliall be fatislied that there is no paffagc through to tivj above-mentioned ba}s, fufVuient l<)r the pur(-c)lts of navigation, you arc, at the projier fealiin of the year, to repair to the port of .St. Peter and St. Paul in Kair.tfehatka, or wherever elfe you lliall judge more proper, in order to lelVelli ^oi r people aiut pais the Winter; and, in th.e Spring of tl.e enfuing year 1778, to proceed from thence to the !i(irtli\\;irci, as tiir as, in yoiM' prtiJen e, jou ma. think proper, inlurthcr feirrh of a north ea'!, or north well palfivc, from the Pai iiif" O can into th'e Atlantic (^-ean, or the North Sea: and if, from vour own ohfervation, or inlorma- tion, there !l .".11 ap;)e;ir to be n jjiobability of fuch |",al'- f.v,^!.', you uc to I'ro.eed ,is above directed : and, hav- ing diicovered fuch palliigc, or failed in the attempt, make tliC bell of your way back to Fngland, by lueh roitie as you may think bell tor the improvement of geogra[)li\' and navigation. " At whate\er places you may touch in the courfe of your voyage, where accurate olilervations have not ai- re \dy been made, you are, as far as your time will allow, very carefully to obfeive the true lituation of liich places, both in latitude and longitude; the vari- ation of the needle; bearings of head-lands; height, direction, and com fe of the tides and curre.its ; d 'pth.* and foun.lings of the lea ; IhoaN, rocks, &c. and alio to furvey, nuke charts, and take views of luch ba\s, harbours, and ditfer nt parts of the coafl, and to m.',ke fuch notations th.crcon, as may be ufeful cither to navigation or commerce. You are alio carefully to ob- ferve the nature of the foil, and the produce thereof. 'I'ou are likewife to obferve the genius, teni|)ei, di^po- lition, and number of liie inhahitai.ts, where you find any; and to endeavour to cultivate a frie;'.d:h'i) with them. " Youarealfo, with theconfent ofthe natives, to take poUeHioii, in the name of the king of Ijreat I'ritain, of convenient iituations in fuch coimrrics as \ou uniy difcovcr, that ha\e not already been dil" overed or vi- fited by anv other I uropean po\uT ; and to diliiibutc among the inhabitants fuch things as will remain as traces and tellimoiiies of your having been there ; but: if you find the countries lo difco\ered arcut: r.luibited, you are to take pollelliijn of tl em lor hi-, majeUy, by letting U() [)roper marks and inlcripti.ins. " Youare,b> all oi)portiinities,to fend to ouiYecretary accounts of your proceedings ; and u^.on your arrival in lingland, you are immediately t*:? tc t air tc^ this of- fice, in order to lay before us a full account o'tlie whole; courfe of your voyage; takuig care, bc'o;e \ri! leave the floop, to demanii from tl'.e oPxerj and pett^ of- ficers, the log-books and-jo rnals tliey may have k, t, and to feal them up for our in!pe.:t:on ; and cijoimng them, and the whole crew, not to Liivid.re where they have been, until they (hall have nciir.iifion fo uo J : and you are to airevli Caplain Gierke to do the fa.:.', w ith refpecl to the officers, petty officers, and crew of the Difcoverv." Having here given the moft faithful account wc have been able to coUcifl:, both from our own obfer- vations, and the rclationn of others, of the life, death, public 40 Capt. • COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 'Ml rM U •i!. jnihlic fiTviccs, aiul ilKiiaCttT of this excellent coin- nuiuk-r, we Ihall now leave his memory to the griiti- tikle aiul acimiratioii of porterity. Thus havinp; trefpafll-il on the public intUilgcncc by ili- prelliiig to relate particulars of a very interclHng nature, ami which will, notwithflaiulinp;, be hi|^hly acceptable to all our numerous rcailers, we llmll re- fume the narrative of the full voyage, which svill he followed with the fecond and third voyages in their regular order. ON the I jth of July, I769,after leaving the idand of Otaheitc, we continued our courfe, with i lear \uather and .1 gentle breeze; and were informed by 'I'upi.i, that iowr illands which he callcil lluaheinc. Ulietea, Otaha, and I'olabola. were at the dillance of about one or two divs fail ; and that hogs, fowls, and other refrellunents, very fcarcc on board, were to be got there in great abundance. Me alfomcntionrd an illand to the north- ward, which he called Tethuroa. It i- filiated north half weft eight leagues dillant iVom the n.trtliern ex- tremity of Otaheite. It was a ("mall low iilan.i, but as Tiipia faid, without any fcttleil inhabit:.'.nts. On the 15th we made but httle wav, on account ot'the calms which fuci cided tlie light breezes. "I'upia olten pra\ed to his god Tane for a wind, auil boalK'd ot'his hicc efs. which iiidceil he t-iok care to infure, by m \ 'r applying 10 T.-'nc, till he (aw a breeze fo near, that he knew it m\\\\ naJi the (liip before his pr.nerwas concluded. On the if>th we f)u:v.kd near the nonh-well part of the illand of I luneine, but Ibiuui no Imttom at 70 ta- ihoiHS. Several Cannes put oil'; butti.e ladlaii^ ("eem- ed learful ol coming near the b.uk till the light of I'upia rv:m,)ved their apprehenllcns. They then came along fide, and the king of the illand, with his queen, came 0:1 bo.ud. Till V feemed fiirpri/.ed at whatever was tliewn them, but made no enquires alter an\' thing but whu was olfered to their notice. After fome li.iie they became more familiar; and the king, wliofe name WAsOrcc, as a token of amity, pro|)ofed exchanging names with Capt. Cook, which was leavlilv accepted. We tound the ]ieo]i!e here nearly (imil ir to thole ol Otalicile in almoll e\ery particular; but il"!"upia mi;>ht be credited, the\' are not like them ad, luted to thie\ m;^. Having anchoied in a (iii.cll but loinenient harbour, on the well lide of the illind, (called bv t'le n.itnes Owparre) we went on ("lore with Mr. Hanks, and fome oiher gentlemen, ace ompanied b\- the kiiu; and Tujua. 'I'he moment we landed lupia un overed himlVlf as low as the waill, and delired Mr. Monkh(Mife to lollow liis example. Ik-ing featcd he now began a ("peech. or prayer, which lalled .about twenty miiuites; the king, who (lood oppofite to him, anfwering in what (cemed let replies. During this harangue, 'I'upia ilili\(red, ;it dillerent times, a handkerchief, a black lilk IK i k( lolh, l\y:W^- [il mtains, and be.ids, as prefents to their Ivitua, ordciti ; ami in return lor our Ivitua, we recei\eit a hog, (ome young plantains, and two bunches of fea- thers, all which were carried on board. Iheleiere- m:inics wlureconlulered as a kind of ruificalion of a treaty between us ami the king (,l 1 Iiiaheine. Oil the 17th we went again on llioie, and made an cxcurlion into the country, the produclioni of which greaily refembled thole of Otaheitc ; the rocks and day feemed, indeed, mtirc burnt : the boat houfes were (iirious and remarkable large. The level part of the country alfords the moll beautiful landfcapes that the imagination can polllbly form an iilea of. The foil is cxceeilinglyfertile.and thedioreis lined with fruit trees of did'ereiit kinds, particularly the lo.oa-niit; how- ever, in fome pl.aces there were fait f»am]is and la- goons, which produced neither trees nor plains. On the 1 Kth we went .again on (hore.and i'upia be- ing engaged with his friends, we took with us laivota, hs boy. Mr. 15anks propofed taking a more perfect view of a kind ofchell, or ark, which lie h*d before ob- fervcd. The lid of this ark w.as neatly fewed on, and thatched in a peculiar manner with palm-nut leaves. It was placed on two poles, and fiipported by fmall carved arches of wood. Thefc poles (erved to remoNc it from one place to another, in the manner of our fedan-chairs. We remarked, that this chert was of a form refembling the ark of the Lord among the Jews; but it is rtill more remarkable, that enquiring of Tupiu's fcrvant what it was called, he told us Ewhnrre no l'",atua, the Houfeof (Jod ; though he could give no account of its meaning or ufe. Our trade with the iLitives went on flow!/ 1 we got however eleven pigs, and were not without hopes of obtaining more the next morning. On the 19th we offered them fome hatchets, for which we jirocured three very large hogs. As we iii- teniled to fail in the afternoon, king Oree, and other* of the natives came on board to take their leave. Cap- tain Cook prefented to Oree a fmall pewter plate, (lamped with this infcription, " His Britannic Ma- jelly's (hip Lndeavour, Captain (^ook, commander, 16 July, 1761). We gave him alfo fome medals, or coun- ters, refembling our Lnglifli coin, and oil>er trilles, which he promifed to keep in order to remember us. 'I'hc ifland of Hiiaheine lies in 16 deg. 43 min. fouth latitude, aiul 150 deg. 5 2 min. well longitude; about ;r fome nails ami beads. The ( aptain, Mr. Hanks, and other gentlemen now went on 'liore, accompanied by 'I'upia, who introduced them with the f.ime kind of ceremonies that had taken place on their landing at Huaheine; after which Captain Cook took poU'elHon of this and the three neighbour- ing illands, I luaheine, Otaha, and Holabola, in the name of his Britannic majelly. We then walked 'oa large Moiai. tailed by the natives Tabotaheite. being tompofed of ("our walls, a- boiit t iglu or nine I'eet high, aiiil built of large coral Hones, furroiinding a courr of about jO feet Iquarc. At a fm.ill didance we (ound an altar, or ewhatta, whcreu|ion l.iy the lall oblation, or facrilicc, a hog al>oiit eightv pountis weight, which had been offered whole, ami van' nicely roalled. We alio faw four or five Lwharrc-no-eatua, or houfesof (jod, towhich car- riage poles w ere fitted. Vnim hence we proceeded to a long hoiife, where among rolls of cloth, we faw the model of a cancH', about three feet long, to which were fillened eight human jaw -liones: we concluded they were trophies of war; but Tupia alTirmed they were the jaw bones of the natives of this illand. Night now advanced with quick paces, but Mr. Banks and the Doelor ( ontinued their walk along the fliore, and faw another l'".w harre-no-eatua, al(i) a tree of the fig kind, the trunk of which, (the n.ature whereof has been already defcribed) was forty-tw o paces inctrcum- 11 rencc. On the 2ift the mailer was fent to infpc(fl the foii- thcrn part of the ifland, and a lieutenant was difp^itched in the yawl to found the harbour where the Endeavour lay. While the Captain went in the pii\nacc to take a view ilni-nut leaves, lorted by fmall rvcd to rcmo\c Tianncr of our chci> was of a long the Jews; cmiuiring of old us Ewharre c could {^ivc no trade with the er eleven pigs, • more the next c hatchets, for igs. As we iii- rce, and other* icir leave. Cup- pewter plate, Britannic Ms- commander, 1 6 icdals, orcoun- id oil>er trilics, remember us. . 4'? min. fouth jngitude -, about is twenty miles c a month for- d idand, as wc Vlr. Hanks col- a fperies of tlic I. The inhabi- ;irger made than , and we thought o be Icfs timid, [uirics when on i^un, though ap- 11 doun, as our HC came amonf» the former had iling dcnth. Wc ~a, dillant fevcn Tupia, we an- the north fide of t" from the (liorc, t«o fmall hdgs, mi beads. The len now w rnf on ntioduccd them had taken place which Captain hrce neighbour- $<)labola, in the hen walked ro a I'abotleboatea, pukhral niomi- f four walls, a- It of large coral (O feet fijuarp. tar, or ewhatta, fac ritice, a hog ,1(1 been otfered I faw four or ,1, to which car- proceeded to > ith, we faw the ;, to which were concluded they wed they were nd. Night now Banks and the fliore, anil faw ree of the fig ire wliereof has paces incLrcum- infpcft the fou- itwasdifpjtched e the Endeavour innacc to take a view •,**• §■ t / :^.A X '0!:l!lT ;! ! III! I iii % m 1 1' i' 1 '"^m mm J ;'■ i. ■p 'HI ■■'■ -*■ '''""4. ri •4 ?;■ i.iv ishmmI!^ ■.HM am -.. ■ I . -■ ' ■-;■->. ■•■-'" - J .j '^ 'f •trjrv, .f*'„; fy'i.: nrv :' ./. • •/> - S •J.'. ':^ ^«^'?' 'If,}. ,it t.-i- JA': :.^j^ »»♦ Piii * ! ■7^ V :^^^% i^:^!iS^ ■'.«J n ^4m^ *, V/^*v 11 ^11 rill M t ■ • " . ' - I . - I — I '■ - ■ -w ■ COOK';. 1" IRST VOYAGF'.— for ninkiiii^ DZ/.w./v' j in the Stuth .iV./f 5c Ilniiinl t!i« //'.//,/. 4J view of th.ir part of the iflin;! wliu h lay lo the north- waril. Mr. H.iiiks an-l thr- >v-'i»ilL'nu'ii wrrr a;^ain on Ihon-, triilinn with th.' n:itivci, and icinliingaftt-r the proihielions ami ciirio(itii's o^ the country. Thi'Viiif- rovcrcd, however, not one particular Worthy of no- tice. The ha/.y VM-ntlirr aniibrifk funk's prcvcnicd us lioni gcttinj^ undtr f.ni, till the z\x\\, wWn wc nut to li;i, • ami Ih'crtil norrhwani wirliin the ri'if, towardsanofun- ing, atthcdillantc ol about liveor fix le.iji;iics, in ctfii't- ingul'iih vc wiTf in grrat danj^jer of llrikinjj on a rock, rlic man who ItMindcd, cryin;^ out on a i'lKldi-n •• 'I'uo fatlioms," \vhiili(()iilil net hut alaiin iis}^;uaily i but cither tlic mailer u:\. millaken, or the (luii «cnt along the ediie of a (Oial roi k, many oi \\hi irctl from the iia by a reef of ro( ks. Iti lituation i.i oil the (alk-rnniod part of t.ie illand. Thcprovili nseontill of cocoa-nuts, yams, plantains, and a few hogs and fowh. The country round about the place where «e landed was not fo plentiful as at Otaheite or I luahcin ■ The fouthernioll opening in the reef, or channel into the harbour, by whiih we entered, is little more than a cable's kngih wide ; it liesolV thecallerniort jjoint of the illnd. and ma) In found by a I'lnall woody illand, wliMilies tothefouth- cart of it, called Oatara; north-wert from which are two other illet* called (Ipurinu and IV.mou. Iktv.ecn thcfe is the channel throujdi which we went out of the harliour, and it is a full quarter of a mile wide. On the ijlh we were within a league or two of the idand oi'OtoIia; but could not get near enough to land, the v uul having [)iovcd contrary. In the morn- ing, Mr. Hanks anil Dr. Si.landcr went in the long-boat with the marter, in order to found a harbour on the cart lide of the illand, which they found fafe and con- venient. We then weni on lliore and purchafeda large quantity of plantain"!, and fume hogs and fowh. The prodilceof this illand nas much the fame with that of Ulietea, but it fccmed to be more barren. We re- ceived the fame comjilimcnt from the Intiians here, as was ufual for them to pay their own kings, whiih was by uncovering their llioulders, and wrapping their cloaths round their bodies. We made fail to the north- ward, iuul at eight o'cloik on the :i)th, wc were under the high peaks ot IJolaliola. We found the illand inac- celfible in this pait, and likewlle that it was impollible to weather the fouth end of it till late at night. On the ;)Oth, we dili overed an illand which Tupia calKd Maurua, but la'.vl it was fmall, funouiuled by a n. f, and without am comniodious harbour, but inhabittd, and yielded nearly 'he Lv.w^: produce as the ailiateiu iflands. In the middle is a high round hill which may be feen at eleven or tweUe leagues dillance. In the af- ternoon, finding ourlelves to windward of fome harbour tliat lay on the well lide of Ulietea, we intended to put into one of them, ui ord.r lo Uop a leak which hail fprung in the powclcr-rof)m, and to take in fome adili- lional ballall. The win.l being light againrt us, we plied on and oil" till the aft 'rniKni of the fidl of AiigulV, when we came io .in anchor in the entrance ot the channel, which k\l into one of the harbours. Oa Wedncfday the lA, in the morning, when the tide turned, we came into a proper place lor mooring in 28 fathom. Many of the natives came oil", and brought hogs, fowls, and plantains, which were ()ur- chafed upon very miKleraie terms. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solandcr went on Iliorc, and I'pcnt the day very Rgree- ably ; the natives lliewing them great rcfpecl : being conducted to the houfes of the chief people, they found thofc who had ran iu.!^ily before them, flanding on ^ach fide of a long mat (preadupon the ground, and the fa- mily fittirig at the farther end of it. In one houfc they obferved lome very )oung girls drcfled in the neatelt manner, who kept their places waiting for the ftrangers to accoll them ; thcfe girls were the inoft beautiful the gentlemen had ever i<:c\\. One of them, about fcvcn OK eight years old, was (Jrcfl'cd itli a red gown, and her 5l ii;v^l h.iii'i ihii oinimeiu is lallcil raiiiou, aiul is iuld ia great elliination among tlieiii. SUc wa.s liri,ijn;ai tht; upper end of one of their long m.Uj*,i0H ninth iiinie of tli<- pcojileprefiiU prdiiined to lit ii foo. 1 .mi|i.,r luail w.i^ re' lined on the arm of a iUxen', lookiojif «\.oiii.ui, who a;)]>.ared to lie her nml'i ; wiv.n Mi-. lianks and Dr. .Soianikr ajiproai lied her, (he ItreicliCvl 0,11. her hand to receive fome bcails, which they prd'emed.to her, with an air of liii-ji dignity and gi'ajL.ciitl(ufs, a.i would have done h.)nuur to the full pnnccU in llu- roi'c. In one of the houfei kc were cntcrt.iined with a dance, ilillerent from any we hid feen bel'on;. The perliirmer put u; on his heae lide of each brcail, ne.\t ilie arms was a fmall plcme ot i l.ick feathers, worn like a nofegaj . 'I hus apparelled, they advanced tideways, keeping time with great exactnels to the drums, whuh beat quick and loud J foon after they begin to Ihake themfelves in a very whimlical manner, and put tlieir bodies into a variety of llrange pollures, kniietimes fitting (loan, and at others falling with their faces to thegr uiiid, and relling on their knees anil elbows, moving tlieir lingers at the fame time v.ith a quickiiiis Icarcely to be cre- dited. 1 he chili ilexteritv, however, of tlie dances, as villi a-i the anuifement of the fpectaiois, coiiiiltul in the lafcivioiifnefs ol their attitudes and geduris. Ijc- tween ihj dances of the women a kind ot di.imatlc in- terlude was |scrl()inuil bv the men, loiuiiling of dia- logue as well as dancing; but tiir want of a fulliciehc knov ledge of the, r l.inguage, we could not learn the fubjeit of this interlude. Mr. Hanks, Dr. Solanderand fome other gentlemen, were prefeiit at a more regular dramatic eiuert linmenc the next day. 'I'he performers, who were all men, were ilivided into two parties, one dn lli-d in brown, and the other in white, hv wav of dillinition. Tupia being prefent, inlormed them that the party in brown, acted the parts of a malUr and his ferv.uUs, antl thi; party in white, a gang of thieves; the mailer having produced a balket of meat, which he gave in charge to his fervants ; which party, exhibited a \ ariety of ex- pedients, in endeavouring to Ileal this baiket, and the brown as many in preventing the accomplillimeiu of their delign. .After fome time had been fpeiu in this manner, thofe to whom the balket was intrulUd, l.iying themfelvcs down on the ground round it, pretended to fallallccp; the other party availing themfelvcs of this opportunitv, Hole g.nlly upon them, and carried olf their booty; the fervants awaking foon after, difcover- ed their lofs, but thev made no fearch alter the balket, and began to dance with as much alacrity as before. On Saturday the 5 th, fome hogs and fowls, and fe- L veral t¥c: It ♦» Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. "/> vi tim ( .lit, V, d veral Urge pitces of cloth, many of them being fifty 6x fixty yards in length, together with a quantity o'' jpiantnins and cocoa-nuts, wcrefcntto Captain Cook, as a prcfent from the Earce Rahic of the ifland of I3o- J^bola, accompanied ^Vith a melTage, importing that he was then on the ifland, and intended waiting on the captain. On the 6ih, the king of Bolabola did not vifit us agreeable to his promife, his abfencc, however, was not in the leaft regretted, as he fent three young women to demand fomething in reOarn for his prcfent. After dinner, we fct out to pay the king a vifu on ihore, fince he did not think proper to come on board. As this man w as the Earee Kaliic of the Bolabola man, who had conquered this, and were the dread of all the neigh- bouring iflands, we were greatly difappointed inilcad i)f finding avigorous enterprifing young chief, to fee a poor feeble old dotard, half blind, and linking under the weight of age and infirmities. He received uswith- out cither that ftate or ceremony which \\c had hi- therto met with among the '^'hcr chiefs. On Wednefday the 9th, having ftoppcd a leak, and taken on board a frcfli ilock of provihons, we failed out of the harbour. Though 'vc were fcveral leagues di(\ant from the ifland of Bolalv'a, Tupia earncllly intrcatcd Captain Cook, that a Ihot might be fired to- wards it ; which, to gratify him, the captain complied with. This was fiippofed to have been intended by Tupia as a mark of his refentment againfl the inhabi- tants ot that place, as they had formerly taken from him large poifcflions which he held in the illaiui of Ulietea, of which ifland Tupia was a native, and ;> fub- ordinate chief, but was driven out by thefc \sarriori. We had great plenty of provifioii'-, as well of hogs, as of vegetables, during the time we continued in the neighbourhood of thefc iflands, fo that wc were not obliged to ufe any confiderablc quantity of the Ihips provif^ons, and we had flattered ourfelvcs, that the f'lwls and hogs would have fupplicd us with fiefli pro- vifions during the courfc of our voyage to the fouth- ward, but in this wt were unhappily difappointed, for as the hogs could not be brought to eat any European grain, or any provender whatever, that the iliip af- forded, we were reduced to the difagreeablc nccclTity of killing thcni immediately on leaving thofe iflands; Hiid the fowls all died of a difeafe in their hrflds, with wl'ch they were feized loon after they had been <'ar- riedon bd harbour or t landing anj; ward. >rtioncd, anij s of the othe^^ f their heads, :.i of their bo, ifle docs not tlia: they vi- 1 divided into d witli proves ig the brcaj ;, but a great I the fea coaft oth, andthei(r refpeCts from four voyage. :, were d>cd ilours on the abit, having leads. Thi» 1 clofc round h. Some of wc have al.. iieir heads » brandiihing their long wooden lances. On this our boys dropped down the Ihcam. The cockfwain of the pinnace then fired a mufquetoon over their heads, but It did not prevent theiii from following the boat, in confequencc of which he levelled his piece, and (hot one of them dead on the fpot. Struck with aftonilh- mcnt at the death of their companion, the others re- mained motionlefs for fome time, but as foon as they recovered their fright, retreated to the woods with the utnioft precipitation. The report of the gun brought the advanced party back to the bo:its, and both the pinnace and yawl returned immediately tothelliip. On the 9tli, a t"-ear number of the niitives were feen near the place v ,iere the gentlemen in the yawl had landed the preceding evening, and the grcatcft part of them appeared to be unarmed. The losig boat, pin- nace, and yawl, being manned with marines and failors, Capt. Cook, with the reft of the gentlemen, and Tupia, went on iliore, and landed on the oppoiite fide of the river, overagainft a fpot where fevcral Indians were fit- ting on the ground. Thefe immediately fiarted up, and began to handle their weapons, each producing either a long pike, or a kind of truncheon made of ilone with a firing through the handle of it, which they twifted round their wrifls. Tupia was dircrted to fpeak to them in his language; and we were agreeably furprized to find that he was well underfiood, the natives fpcak- ing in his language, though in a dilferent dialect. Their intentiv^ns at firll appeared to be very hoftilc, brandifhing their weajxins iiithe ufual threatening man- lier; upon which a mufquct was fired at fomc diftancc from them : the ball happened to fall into the water, at which they appeared rather terrified, and dclilled Ironi their menaces. Having now drawn up the marines, wc advanced nearer to the lide of the river. Tupia, again fpcaking, informed them of our defirc to tralfic with them for ptovifions : to this they confentcd, pro- vided wc would go over to them to the other liiie of the river. The propofal was agreed to, upon condition that the natives would quit their weapons ; but the #iioft folemn affurances of friendfliip could not prevail with them to make fiich a concefiion. Not thinking it prudent therefore tocrofs the river, we, in our turn, in- treated the Indi.ins to come over to us, and after fome time prevailed on one of them (o to do. He w^.s pre- fentiy followed by fevcral others. They did not appear to value the beads and iron which wc offered in the way of barter, but proixifcd to exchange their weapons for ours i which being objedcd to, they endeavoured fe- vcral times to fnatch our arms from us, but being on our guard, from the inform.ition given us by Tupia that they were flill our enemies, their attempts were t'pcatedly fnifirated; and Tupia, by our direction gave them to underlland, that any further otfers of violence would be punilhed w ith inltajU death. One of them, ncvenhelef., had the aud.icity to fn.itch Mr. Grcen'.i dacger w hen his back was turnai to them, and r.tiring a few paces, flourifiied it over his head ; but hif temerity colt him his life ; for Mr. Monkhoufe fired a mufciuct loaded with ball, and he inltantly dropped. .Soon after, though not Ixfoie we had dil- charged our pieces loaded with fiiiall Diot only, they retreated fiowly up the country, and we returned to diir boats. 1 he behaviour of the Indians, added tonnr wantof frefii water, induced Capt. Cook to continue his vo\age round the bay, with a iiopc of gettii'.g foiuc of tlie na- tives aboard, that by civil iif.\ge he nii<:lu convey through thcni a fa ourable iilea ot' us to tluir country- men, and thereby fettle a i;;o<)d corrcfpor.dcncc with them. An event occurred which, though attended «ith difagieeable circuiiif^.uii.c.i, pmrnifcd to ficilitate this dclign. Two canoes appeared, making towards land, an.i Capt. Cook propoltd intercepting cIktii with our boats. t)ne«.f them got char oil", but the Indians in the other, finding it imjiolhblc to efcape, began io attack our people in the boats wiih their paddles. This compelled the l"!ndeavour's pe>)|>le to (ire upon them, when four of the Iniiians were killed, and the other three, wlio wci.e young men, jumped into the water, and endeavoured to fvvim to ttiorc ; they were, however, taken up, and conveyed on boai-d. At (ir(t they dif- covered all the figns of fear und tertor, thinking they fiiould be killed j but Tupii, by repeated aliurances of friendfliip, removed their appichenlions and thcv afterwards eat heartily of the fhip's provifiortJi. Hav- ing retireti to relt in the evening, they fiept very quietly for fome hours, but about midnight, their fears returning, they appeared in great agitation, frequently making loud and difinal groans. Again the kind ca- reffes and friendly promifes of Tupia operated fo tf- fedually, that they became calm, and fung a fong, which at the deSd of night had a plcafingelfect. The next morning, aft.r they were drclled according to the mode of their own country, and were ornamented with necklaces and bracelets, prepara'ions were made for fending them to their countryn;cn, at whi.h they ex- prelTed great fatisfadion ; hut finding the boat ap- proaching Capt. Cook's firft landing place, they inti- mated that the inhabitants were (bes, and that after killing their enemies, they alw ays eat them. The cap* tain, ncverthelefs, judged it expedient to land near the lame fpot, w hich he accordingly did with Mr. Banks, l)odor Solander, and Tupia, refolving at the fame time to protcd the youths from any injury that might be of- fered them. Thefe had fcafcely departed on their re- turn to their friends, w hen two large parties of Indians advanced haftily towards them, upon which they r.gain Hew to us for protection. When the Indians drew near, one of the boys difcovered his uncle among them, and a converfation enfued .icrofs the river, in which the boy gave a jufl account of our hofpitality, and took great pains to difplay his finery. A fhort time after this 'onverfation, the uncle fwam acrofs the river, bring- ing with him a grtcn bough, a token of fricndlhip, which we received as fuch, and fevertl prcfents were made him. Notwithltanding the prefence of this re- lation, all three of the boys, by their ow n dciire, re- turned to the (hip, but as the Captain intended to fail the next morning, he fent them afliorc in the evening, though much againit their inclination. The inmes of thefe boys were Toahowrange, Koikerangc, and Ma- ragovetc. They informed us of a particular kind of deer upon the ifland, and tliat there were likcu ifc tars, c.ipcrs, romara, yams^ a kind of long pepper, bald coote, and black birds. On the nth at fix o'clock in the n-.orning, wc wcigii- ed, and fet fail, in hopes of finding a bcrter anchoring place, Capt. Cook having given the bay (calletl by the natives Toaneora) the name of I'ovcrtv Bay j and the Ibuth-weft [X)int he called young Nick's Head, on ac- count of its firrt having been perceived by a lad on board, named Nicholas Young. In the afternoon we were becalmed; and feveral canoes full of Indinn'i came oil" from the Ihore, who j-eccived manv prcfents, and afterwards bartered even their claltlii, and Ionic of their paddles, fo eager were they to be pofrclled of Eu- ropean commodities. \ fingle tree fijnned the bottom of their canoes and the upper part confilted of two planks fewed together j thefe were painted red, re- prefenting many uncommon figur<;s, and very curi- oully wrought. The Indians were armed with blud- geons, made of wood, and of the bone of a large ani- mal : they called them Pat<;o-l'atoo ; and they were well contrived forclofe fighting. Having finifhcd their tra;hc, they fet off in fuch a hurry, that they forgot three of their companions, who remained onboard all night. Thefe teftified their fears and apprchcnlions, notw ithftanding Tupia took great ■pains to convince them they were in no danger; and about fcvcn o'clock the next morning a canoe came off, with four Indians on hoard. It w as at firft w ith dif- ficulty the Indians in the lliip could prevail on thofe in the canoe to come tioar them, and not till after the former had alTured them, that the Englilh did not eat men. The chief came on board, whofe face was ta- taowcd, with a retnarkable patoo in his hand, and in dm canoe the three Indians left the fhip. Capt. Cook gave the name of Cape 'labk-to a pomt of land about feven le.igun to the fouth of Poverty Bay ; its figure greatly 44 Capt. C O O K 's VOYAGES COMPLETE. «M bi r his happy efca])e ; this being approved ol by the other Indian, the lill» was call into the fea. Capt. Cook now pailcd by a fmall illand which was fuppofed ro be inhabited only by lill;ermen, as it feeined to be barren, and Hare Illand was the name given to it, and to a head-land in latitude 40 deg. ;j4 min. fouth, and longitude 182 deg. 55 min. well, betaiile the Endeavour turned, he gave the name (4' Cape Turnagain. It was never certainly known wlutlierNew Zealand was an illand before this vcllel touclietl there: on this account, the lords of the admi- ralty had mllruCted Capt Cook to fail aloni; the coalls a . far as 40 degrees Ibiith, and if t!ie land extended firther, to return to the northward again. It was l<)r this realtm that the captain altered his courfe, when he arrived at thccajie above-mentioned: the wind having likewife veered about to the fouth, he returned, failing along th.c caill nearly in his former track. Iktweeii this and Cape Kidnappers Hay, the land is unequal, and fomewhat refemi)les our downs and fmall villages, and mans inhabitants were obferved. The lliip came abreafl of a peninlula, in Portland Illand, named Ter.i- kako, on W'ednefday the 19th. At this time a canoi; with live Imlians came up to the vell'el. There were two chiefs among them, who came on board, and (laid all night. One of thefe was a very comely perfon, and had an open and agreeable countiiunce. They were extremely grateful liirthe prelents which they received and difpla\ ed no fmall degree of curiolity. They would not eat or drink, but the fervants devoured the victuals fet before them with a moll voracious appetite. We gave the name of (iable I'.nd I'oreland tt> a re- markable he;iil-land, whith we palfeil on the 19th. Three canoes appeared here, and one Indian came oil boartl to whom we gave fmall prefents before he willi- drew. Many of thefe Indians wore pieces of grccn-flonc round their necks which were traiifpaient, and rclcm- bled an emerald. 'I'hefe being examined, appeared to be a fpecies of the nephritic llone. Several pieces of it were procured by Mr. Hanks, and it appeared that this furnilhed the illanders with tlieir principal ornaments. The form of fome of their faces was agreeable; their nofes were rather prominent than Hat. Their dialect was not fo jruttural as that of others, and their language nearly rcfembled that of Otaheite. On I'riday the 20th we anchored in a bay two league* to the northof the I'oreland. To this bay we were in-, vited by the natives in canois, who behaved very ami- cably, and pointed to a place w here they (iiid we lliould lind plenty of Irelli water. \\c determineil here to get fome know ledge of the country, though the hai hour was not fo g(M)d a Ihelter from the weather as we expeCtetl. Two chiefs, wliom we law in the canoes, came on board, they weredreired in jackets, the one ornamented witlj tufts of red feathers, the other with dogs-lkin. Wo prefented to them linen and fome (jjike nails, but they did not -viilue the lall fo much as the inhabitants of the other illands. The tell of the Indians traded with us without the lead impoliiion, and wc direcled Tupia to aciiuaiiic thcin of our views in coining thither ; an 1 ; promile, a wound, they >\vn in the hot- ; aLlvantai^e of i into the fca, ; he was taken lit ills rtrcngth of his cloaths, :hcd the ihip. ■y olfTaiyota, appcncd. Cape \.;\ niin. fcuth, h1 is very dif- rocks that fur- froin J'ortland he fi)uch point 's Ba)', in Ijo- ght, produced ded to ort'er it happ)- cfcajjc ; idian, the lilh iv palled hy a inhaliited onlv nd Ibre lllanil mi! in latitude dip. 55 niin. ijaxe liie name rlainly known ore this vcllll i of the adnii- ottif the toalls ind extended 1. It v.as for piirfe, when he e wind having limed, failing ek. Between I unequal, and 1 villages, and le Ihip came named Tera- tinie a canoe There were lard, and Uaid ly perfon, and 'I hey «cre they received They Vioiild d the victuals letite. land to a re- in the 19th. .iian came on :forc lie wiih- T grecn-rtonc r, and rcfem- , appeared to il pieces of it ared that this al ornaments, •ecahle ; their Their dialect heir language y two leagues y we were in-. ed very ami- lid we llioiild 'd here to get -• harbour was we expected. iPie on hoard, miented witli ;s.lkin. We lils, but they bitants of the •aded with us led 'liipia to thither ; and prouiife. wmm «i f -'■';i .«».' ■ ■■' fv^/ /v*r' ■■-■■■ J;.»i;. ■->.■ ■„ . .v^^ji^ ;• . ,'W ',->• .: . '■■. ..■ . -',.■ • f- ■ Mi ^JTJ,51.t n*. * •' - .■■■.. cook's first voyage — for making Difcoverics in tht $out6 Seas k Round the fTorM. ■■ • ■ ■ ■ ■■ 4? promife, that they (hould receive no injury, if they offered none to us. In the afternoon the chiefs return- ed; and towards the evening we wentonihore, accom- panied by the Capuin, Dr. Solander, and Mr. Banks. We w^re coufteoufly received by the inhabitants, who did not appear in numerous bodies, and in other in- ftances were fcrupuloufly attentive not to give oiFencc. We made them feveral fmall prcfents, and in this agreeable tour round the bay, we had the pleafure of :finding two ftreams of frcfli water. Wc remained on ihore all night, and the next day Mr. Banics and Dr. Colander dilcovered feveral birds, among which were quails and large pigeons. Many (lages ror drying Rfli were obferved||iear where we landed, and fome houfes with fences, v^e faw doss with pointed ears, and very ugly. Sweet potatoes, like thofe which grow in Ame- rica were found. The cloth plant grew fpontancous. In the neighbouring valleys the lancM were laid out in regular plantations ; and in the bay we caught plenty ofcrabs, cray-filh, and horfe-mackarel, laiger than thofe upon the Englilh coa(\s. The low lands were planted with cocoes i the hollows with gourds; but as to the woods they were almofl impalTable, on account of the number of fupple-jacks which grew there. We went into feveral of the houfes belonging to the natives, and met with a very civil reception ; and, without thN Icaft refcrvc, they Ihewed us whatever we defircd to fee. At times we found them at their meals, which our prefencc never interrupted. At this fcaisn ii(h connituted their chief food ; with which they eat, in- Acad of bread, roots of a kind of fern; thefe when roalled upon a tire are fweet and clammy; in tafte not difagrceabic, though rather unpleaiant from the num- ber of their fibres. They have doubt lefMn other fea- fons of the year an abundance of excellent ve^- tablcs. The women of this place paint their faces with a mix- ture of red ocre and oil, which, as they are very plain, renders them in appearance more homely. This kind of daubing being generally wet upon their cheeks and foreheads, was calily transferred to thofe who faluted them, as was frequently vifiblc upon the nofes of our people. The young ones, who were complete coquets, wore a petticoat, under which was a girdle, made of the blades of grafs ftrongly perfumed, to which was pendant a finall bunch of the leaves of fome fragrant plant. The faces of the men were not in general painted j but they were daubed with dry red ocre from head to foot, their apparel not excepted. Though in pcrfonal clcanlincfs they were not equal to our friends at Otaheite, yet in fome particulars they furpafled them ; for their dwellings were furniilicd with privies, and they had dunghills upon which their offals and filth were depofited. Among the females chaflity was light- ly eftcenicd. They refortcd frequently to the watering place, where they freely bcltowed every favour that was requefted. An officer meeting with an elderly woman, he accompanied her to her houfe, and having prefcnted her with fome cloth and beads, a young girl was (ingled out, w irh whom he was given to undertland he might retire. Soon after an elderly man, with two women came in as vilitors, who with much formality faluted the whole company, after the cuflom of the place, which is by gently joining the tips of their nofes together. On his return, which was on Saturday the 9 1 ft, he was fiirnilhcd with a guide, who whenever they came to a brook or rivulet took him On his back to prevent his being wet. Many of the natives were cu- rioudy tataowed, an old man in particular, was marked on the brcaft with curious figures. One of them had an axe made of the green ftt)nc, which we could not purchafe, though fundry things were offered in exchange, f hcfe Indians at night dance in a very uncouth manner, with antic gelturcs, lolling out their tongues and making lirangc grimaces. In their dances old nien as well as the young ones are capital performers. In the evening, Mr. Banks, being apprchenfive that wc might be left on fhorc after it was dark, applied to the Indians for one of their canoes to convey us on board the fliip, This they granted with an obliging No J. manner. We were eight in number, and not Ltiiig ufed to a velTcl that required a nice balance, wc ovcrfct her in the furf. No one however was drowned, but it was concluded, to prevent a limilar accident, that half our number fhould go at one time. Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, Tupia, and Tai;^ota, were the firft party who embarked again, and arrived fafe at the fhip, as did the remainder of our company, all not a little plcafcd with the good nature of our Indian friends, who chear- fully contributed their alTiftance, upon our fccond trip. During our (lay on fhore, feveral of them went out m their canoes and trafficked with the fliips company. At firft they preferred the cloth of Otaheite to that of Europe, but in the courfc of a day it decreafcd in its value five hundred per cent. Thcfc people cxprelTed ftrong marks of ailoniflimcnt when fliewn the bark and her apparatus. This bay, which wc now determined to quit, the natives call Tegadoo, and it is lituatcd in 38 deg. to min. fouth latitude. On the aid in the evening, being Sunday, wc weigh- ed anchor and put to fea, but the wind being contnuy we ftood for another bay a little to the ftnich, called by the natives Tolaga, in order to complete our wood and water, and to extend our corrcfpondcnce with thu natives. In this bay we came to an anchor, in about eleven fathom water, with a good fandy bottom, the north point of the bay bearing north by cart, and the fouth point fouth eaft. We tbunJ a watering-place in a fmall cove a little within the fouth-point of the bay, which bore fouth by eaft, diftant .ibout a mile. Se- veral canoes with Indians on board, trafficked with us very fairly for glafs bottles. On Monday the 23d in the afternoon, wc went on (hore accompanied by Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and the captain. Wc examined and found the water ex- tremely good; alfo plenty of wood ; and the natives (hewed us as inuqli civility as thofe from whom we hnd lately departed. At this watering-place wc let up an agronomical quadrant, and took (cveral folar and lu- nary obfervations. In the morning of the 24th, Mr. Gore and the mariner were fent on fliorc to guard the people employed in cutting wood and filling the calks with water. Capt. Cook, Mr. Banks, and the doiftor alfo went on fliore: the latter were employed in colleding plants. In our walks through the vales we faw many houfes uninhabited, the natives rcliding chiefly in flieds, on the ridges of the hills, which arc very lleep. In a valley between two very high hills, we faw a-curious rock that formed a large arch, oppolite the fea. This cavern was in length abjut fc\ cmy feet, in breadth thirty, and near fifty in heighth, command- ing a view of the bay and hills on the other iide, which had a very pleafing etfech Indeed the whole country about the bay is agreeable beyond defcription, and, if properly cultivated, would be a moft fertile fpot. The hills are cloathed with beautiful fiowcring Ihrubs, in- termixed w ith a number of tall, ft.itely palms, vliich perfume the air, making it per/c tly odontt'uus. Mr. Banks and the doctor, among other trees that yielded a fine tranfparent gum, difcovered the cabbage tree, the produce whereof when boiled, was very good. Wc met with various kinds of edible herbage in great abundance, and many trees that produced fruit (it to eat. The plant from which the cloth is made, is a kind of Hemerocallis ; its leaves aftbrd a ftrong glofly flax, equally adapted to cloathing, and making of ropes. Sweet potatoes and planuins are cultivated near the houfes. On our return we met an old man w ho entertained us with the militarv excrcifes of the lutives, which are performed with the Kitoo-Patoo and the lance. The former has been akeady mei>tioncd>^ and is ufed as a battle axe: the lattw is eighteen or twenty feet in length, made of extreme hard wood, and Iharpencd at each end. A flake was fubftituted for a fupjwfed ene- my. The old warrior firft attacked him with his lance, advancing with a moft furious afpeiih Having pierced him, r)\e patoo-patoo was ufed to dcmolifli his head, at which he ftruck with a force which would at one bk>w have fplit any man's Ikull: from whence we M condudssJ <*• i^Mka 46 Capt. C O O K's VOYAGES C () M P L E T E. 'ynfVJ . t-- \k, '■i^ .''■ c liangcd phfs bottles and beads l()r ditlerent forts of filli. Mr. 15anks and Or. Solander went again in feaich of plints, Tupia, who was with them, engaged in a cuiiverlation with one of the prierts, and ihcy feenied to agree in their opinions upon the fiibiect of religion. Tupia, in the (Ourfc of this confereiKC, ei>- quired whetlier tlic report of their eating men was lounded in truth, to which tiie priell anfwercd, it was, but that they eat none but declared foes, after they were killcil in war. I'his idea fo fav.ige and barba- foils, proved, however, th;vt they carried their refent- tient even beyond death. On the y;ih, Capt. Cook and Dr. Solander went to infpect the bav, when the do:lor was not a little fur- prifed to iiiid the mitives in the iioHelTion of a boy's top, which th )■ knew how to fpin by whipping it, and he purchafcd ic out of cuiiofity. Mr. Uanko was du- ring this time employed in attaining tlie fummit of a tUephill, thai h.id previoully eng.aged their attention, nnd near it he fouiui m^ny inhabited houl'e.i. Theie were two rows ot' poles about fourteen or fifteen feel high, covered over with ilicks, which maile an avenue tit' about live feet in width, extending near a hundred x.ird-- ikiwn tlie hill, in an irregular line; tlie intent of ihis ere-iioa wa- nor difi overed. When thcgenilemeii met ai the «:tering place, the Iiulians fang their war fong, which va.ia Ihuige medley of lliouting, lighing, j!A.i grinu c, ar whii li tlie women allilled. The ne\t day ( apt. (.'onk niid o;her gentlemen went upon the inund at I he eniranvc 01 the bay, and mil wiiii a canoe 'Iia; vas»i7 Icet in len;',tli, 1i\ in breadth, aiul four in i!< ;.,lit •. In r botrnni, wliith was Iharp, (onlirted of iliivc trunk- <:|" tjccs, and the lides and head were cu- r!i>::ll\ ( :ir\cd. We alfii cam- to ,i l.irgc unfmillicd hfnife. The polVs which fupponcd it weie ornimented with car\- mg.s that did not appear to be done upon the fpot, and a., r'lie inhabitant'- Iceni to fet great value upon works (if thii kind, future navigaror.> might lind their advan- in.e m.ule of Hone, ami a chiliel. Iheir talle, however, i> extremely whimlical and extravagant, Icarcely ever iiriiiating nature. Their huts arc built un- d<'r tree;, their form is an oblong fqiiare : the door low on the iide, and the windows are at the ends i reeds coveicil with rhacch compofc the walls ; the beams of the eaves, vkhich come to the ground, arc covered Hilhthutch; moll of the houfcs had been dcferted, through fear of the luiglifh, upon their landing. There are inanv beautitul p.urots, and great numbers of birds of dilferent kinds, ()articularly one whofe notp rsfctn- bles the luirojiean black-bird ; but here is no ground fowl or poultry, nor any quad.upcdes, except rats and dogs, and thele were noc numerous. The dogs are ctinlidcred as dwhtatc lood, and their ikins fervc for ornaments to their apparel. 'I'hcrc is a great varifcty ql' filli in the bay, lliell and Cray Hlh are Very pientifu^, foine ot the latter weigh near 1 2 pounds. Sund.ay, Oiitulrer rhe 29th, we fet fail from this bay. li; is lituate ih latitude -^8 dcg. ii niin. fouth, four ItMgue.* t<) the north of Gable End I'orclantl; thcifc are two high rocks at the entrance of the bay, ■which form i( co\ e \ ery good for procuring wood and water. There u a high rocky illantl off the north point of the b*v, which alfords good anchorage, having a fine fandy bottom, and fid?n feven to thirteen fathom water, and is likewifc ilieltercd from all but the north-caft wind. We obtained nothing here in trade but fome fwcct pota- toes, and a little (ilh. This is a ve% hilly country, though it prefcnts the eye with an agreeable verdure, various woods and many fjuall plantations. Mr. Banks fouixl agitnt inmiberof trees in the woods, quite un- known to Europeans, the fire Wlwd refembled the ma- ple-tree, and produced a gum of whitilh colour; other trees yielded a gum of a deep u'llow green. 'I'hconly roots were \ams anil fweet potatoes, though the foil ap- pear* very proper tor producing every fpccics of vcge-^ tables. On Monttay the ,uuediately alter they feized their arms. They were informed by Tupia, of the dreadful confe- (juencci of commencing hollilities ; but this admoni- iion they feemcd little to regard. A piece of cloth, howe\er, happening to attract iheir eyes, they began to be iiMKe mild and realbnable. A quantity of cray filh, mufcles, and conger eel.t was now purchafed. No fraud was attempted by this company of Indians, but fome others that came after them, took goods from the velfel without making proper returns. As one of therrv that had rendered himfclf remark.ible for thefe prac- tices, and feenied proud of his (kill in them, was put- ling oil' with his canoe, a mufqiiet wa4 fired over his head, which circumllance produced good order for the prefent. 'Vet when thefe lavages began to trathc with the fitilors, they renewed their frauds j and one of them was bold enough to feize fome hnen that was hung to dry, and run away with it. In ortlcr to induct him to ,, rcturi^ COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Dijiovcrics in ihc Sout/j Sets &c Roiitulth'.' IVor/,f. 4.7 <>- return, a mufquct was firrt fiad over his head, but this not anfwcring the end, he was (hot in the back with fmail Ihot, yet he Hill pcrfcvcred in his dcfif^n. This being perceived by his countrymen^thcy dropped a-ftcrn, ana fct up the fong of defiance. In conft- qucnce of their behaviour, though they m''de no pre- parations to attacic the vcflcl, the captain j^avc orders to (ire a four pounder, whicli paflld over them; but its clfed on the water terrilicd tncni fo nmth, that they retreated with precipitation to the Ihorc. In the afternoon, alwut two o'clock, we difcovered a pretty high idand to the welhvard. Sonic time after perceiving other rocks and iflnnds in the fame quarter, but not being able 10 weather them before night came on, we bore up littwecn them anil the main land. In the evening a double canoe, built after the fame liifliion as thofe ot Otaheite, came up, wlun Tupia entered into a friendly convcri'ation with lue Indians, and was told that the illand, dufc to whicii v. e lay, wai calkd M<)«tv.',.ora. It was but a lew miKs from the main land, iiretty high, but of no great extent. Wo ima- gined the difpolition oi the Indians, from their talk with 'iupia, to be in our favour, but, when it was dark they began their iifuiil liiluto, by pouring a volley of Hones into the fhipand then reireaied. South-well by well of this illand, upon the main laad, ant! in the center of a large plain, is a high circular mountain, to which we gave the na:i\^i)f Mount f'.dgecombe. It is very confpicuous, and is Itated in latitude 37 dcg. 59niin. longituile 19 j dig. 7 iinn. The next morning, beni;; the ind, a nimiber of ca- noes appeared, and one, which proved to be the lame that had i)elicd us the iiighi Ulorc, came up. After convcrling with Tupia, and beliav ing peaceably about an hour, they complmicnted us with another volley of ftones. We returned the falute by firing a mulket, which made them inlhantly take to their paddles. Be- tween ten and eleven we fulid between a low Hat iHand and the mam land. The laH appeared to lie of a mo- dente height, but level, full ol pl.iiitationi and vil- lages. The vill.iges were upon the high land next thefea, more extvnlive than an, we had leen, and fur- rounded by a ditch, and a bank with rails on the to() of it. There were fome inclofures that rcftmbled forts, and the w hole had the appearam. e of places calculated for defence. On the jd, wc palfed the night near a fmall ifiand, which Capt. Cook named the Mayor j and at (cwn in the- morning, diHant t'rom hi in e about fix leagues, we dili;o\ered a cluHer of fmall illmds, which we called the Court of Aldermen. 'I hcfe were twelve miles from the main, between which were other fmall illands, tuollly barren, but very high. The afptvt of the main land was now much changed, the iiiil appearing to be barren, and the ioumi\ \iry thinly inhabited. The chief who governed ihc ililhict from Cape Turnagain to this coaH \>as nimed Teratu. In the afternoon three canofs, built dillciently liom thofe already men- tioned, came along-lide the iMidc.ivour. '1 hey were formed of the trunks of whole trees, rendered hollow- by burning; bur they were not carved, nor in any man- ner ornamented. We now failed towards an inlet that had been diliov end, and li.ning anchored in feven la- thopi water, the I hip wa-, foon furrounded bv a num- ber of canoi s, ami tin- people on board them did not iccm difpoled for liime tiiiu to commit an) acts of hof- tihty. A bird being ll.ot i)voiieof ourcrew, fome In- dians, without Hiewing r.iiy furprife brought it on board; and for their ci\ilit\ the captain gave them a piece of cloth. IJut this taw>ur oper.ated upon them ma ditferent manner than wa.> oipectcd ; for when it was dark, rhcy begun a long of defiance, and endea- voured to c;Mry otf the buoy of the anchor ; and not- withftanding ibmc niufquets were fued at them, they feciHcd rather to be irritatedjiian frightened. They even threatened lo return the next luorning ; but on Sunday night eleven of them were to be feea, and thefc retired when they found the fliip's crew were upon their guard. On the 4th at day break no Icfs than twelve canoes I made their appearan ■, containing near two hundred men, armed with fpea , lance.i, and lloiies, who fecmed • determined to attack the Ihip, and would have board-' cd her, had they known on what quarter they could bell have m.ade tiieir attack. While they were padd- ling round her, which kept the crew ujion the watch in the rain, Tupia, at the requeH of the-captain, ufed a number of dilhiafive arguments, to prevent their carrying their apparent deligns into execution ; but we could only pacily them by the lire of our mulketss they then laid alide their hoflile intentions, and began to trade ; yet they could not relV.-.in from their fraudu- lent prai'lices ; tiir alter they had fairly bartered two of their weapons, they would not deliver up a third, for which they had received cloth, and only laughed at thofe who demanded an equivalent. Theolfender was wounded with fmall Hiot j but his countrymen took not the leall notice of him, and continued to trade without any dilcomi)orure. When another canoe was Hruck for their mal-practices, the natives behaved in the fame manner; but if a round waslired over or n'.'ar them, they all paddled away. Thus we Ibund, th.it theft and chicane, were as prevalent among the inha- bitants of New Zealand, as tl-.ofe of Otaliiite. In fearihing tiir an anchoring place, the captain f.wv a fortified village upon a high point, and having lixcii upon a proper fpot, he returned; ' pon which we weighed, run in nearer to the ll ore, and call anchor upon a Tandy bottom, in tinir tiuhom and a half water, file louth point ol the bay bore due call, dillant one mile, and a river w hich the boats can enter at low wa- ter li)Uth fouth-eafl, diHant a mile and an half On the 5th, in the morning, the Indi.ins came oH" to the Hiip again, who bef.aved much better than they had done the preceding day. Anoldman m particular named fojava, teltitied his prudence and honcHv, to whom and a friend with him, the captain prefcnted fome nails, and two pieces of luigliHi clotlL Tojava informed us, that they were often vilitcdby tiic-'iooti 11 from the north, who Hrip;)ea them of all i1k\ i uuld \^f their hands on, and at times made capiivis ot tlieir wives and children; and that being ignorant whci the Mnglilli were upon their lirll arrival, the ivativLS had been much alarmed, but were i;o\v fatislied of their gomi intentions. I le added, that- tor their feturity a- gainft thofe plunderers, their houfes were built conti- guous to the tops of the rocks, v. here they could bet- ter defend themfelvis. Probably their poverty and mi- fery may be afcribed to the ravages of tliofi. who fre- (pienth Hript thini ot'every necellary of life. Miving difpatched the long-boat and pinnace into the bay to haul and dredge for lilh, but with little fuccefs, the In- dian.s on the banks tellificd their tiiendflup by every |ioHlble me. Ills. They brouglit us gnat quant tic,i of tilh drelfed and dried, which though indifl'erent, wc purchafed, .hat trade might not be diJlouraged. They alio fiipplied us with wood and good water. While we were out w ith our guns, the people who Haid by the boats law two of the natives fight. The battle wa.i begun with their lances; bur fome old men taking thefe awav, they were obliged to decide the quarrel, like KngliHimen, with their lills. I'or fome time they iHj.vcd with great vigour and perfeveiance, but at lengtli they all retiVed behind a little hill, fo that our peojile were prevented from feeing the ilfue of the combat. At this time the Endeavour being very foul, Hie was heeled, and her bottom fcrubbed in the bay. On the 8th, we were vlHted b) fcveral canoes, im one of which was Tojava, who, defcrying twocanots, haftened back again to the Ihorc, apprehending they were freebooters ; but finding his millake, he foon re- turned; and the Indians I'upplied us with as much ex- cellent fith as ferved the whole Hiip's company. Thia day a variety of plants were collected by Mr. Banks and IJoiflor Solandcr, who had never obferved any of the kind before. They Haid on Ihore till near dark, when they obferved how the natives difpoled of themfelves during the night. They had no ihclter but a few flirubs. The men lay ncarelt the fea in a femicircular ,form ; and the wpnien and children moft dillant from it. 48 Capt. CO OK 8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. » *i ' ') « it. They had no king whofc fovercignty they acknoM- U'dgcd. a ciiciiinnaiKe not to be paralleled on any other parts of the coaft. Early in the morning of the 9th the Indians brought in their cannes a prodigioiix quantity of mackrel, of which one fort were exadly the fame with thofecauijht in England. They fold tnem at a low rate, and thev «erc not lefs welcome to u> on that account. Thele canoes were fucceedcd by others equally loaded with the fame fort ot' lilh ; aiid the cargoes piirchafcd were lb great, thai every one ol the fliips company who could get fth, cured aa many as would ferve luin for a nwirth's provifion. 'ITic Indians requently rcfort to rhe Ijoy in parties ro gather flicll-filh, of which it af- lords an increvUbie plentv. Indi-cd wherever we went, whether on the hills, or through :he valcN, inthe woods or on the plains, we hw many waraon loads of Ihells in hc-aps, fonic of which appearea frelli, others very old. This Ixing a vcr\- clear day, Mr. dccn. the aftro- Twimtr, landed with other gentlemen to obfcrve the rmifit of Mercury. 'I'lic obfcrvation of the iiigrcfs was made by Mr. Green alone, and Capt. Cook took the fun's altitude to afcertain the time. VNTiile theob- fei-vation was making, a cir»oc, with various commi- ditics on board, came along-(ide tfic Ihip ; and Mr. (idle, the olVicer w ho had then the command, Ix-ing delirous of encouraging thci»i to trafiic. pioduced a piece of Otaheitcan cloth, «jf more value than any they had yet fecn, which was immeiliately feized by one of the Indians-, who obfliiiately r.fufed either to return it, 01 give any thing in excluinj^v? : he paiil dearly however for his trfinrity, being iliot dead on the f|>ot. I'he death of this \oung Indian alarmed all the rcfl ; they Hcd with grcit jirciipit;mcy, and.forthe prcfent, could not be induced to renew their tratlick with theEnglifli. But w hen the Indians on lliorc had heard the particulars related by Toj.iva, who greatly cowdeinn«d iht- conduct of thcdecc.ifcd, they fecintd to think th? iid me- rited his fate. Jli.iiiaurc was Otirreconooe. i^ tranf- aclion happened, as has been n^itfioncd, whilU the rhfcrvation was making; 'if the rraulit of Merc un', when the weather was fo ta\ouialiIe, that the whole tranfit wa^ viewed, without a cloud intervening. Thttranlit ciinuncnccd ("even hours, :o min. 5S I've. By Mr. fircen's obfcrvation the internal contact was at i i hours, tight min. 57 Ice. the external at tt hours nine min. (J5 fee. the latitude ,jo ileg. 48 mil* five fee. In con- fluence of t hi ^ oblirvat ion having bceit mr.dc here, this bay was called Men urv Hav. On the iQth, Mr. Bank>,br..Solander,andthec:»{«ain vent in boats to inlpc t a large river that runs into the Kn-. They (omul it broader foine miles within than at the mouth, and intetlccted into a number of dreams, bv fcveral fmall illand.s which were cotered with trees. tin the call Ikic of the river, the gentHermtra lliot fome lliags, which proved very good eatirig. 'I'he fliore idiounded with irili ol" various kinds, iuch m cotkles, clamji, and ojlK-rs ; aii»l here were alfo ducks, Ihags, arul curlieus, \»ith other wild liiwl in great plenty. .At the mouth of the river there w;wif»oodancht*agcin five fathom watiT. Thtf gentlemen were received with great hoCpitulity by the inliabitarus of a little village on the call lide of the river. Thetc arc there the remains of a fort called Eppah, on a peninfuh that projedts into the river, and it was calculated for defending a fmall num- ber againd a greater fi)rte. Fmin the reuiains, it never- thelels feemed to have been taken and partly dcftroycd. The Indians fup Ixt'ore fun-fet, when they cat fifli and birds baked or rcifled ; thev roalt them upon x ftick, Ihick in the ground near the lire, and bake them in the maiuwr the dog was baked^ which the gentlemen eat ai (ieorge'K llland. A femak mourner was prcfent at one of their fuppers ; (he wa» featcd upon the ground, and wept inccflantly, at the fi»me time repeating fume fentcnccs in a doleful manner, but which Tupia could not explain ; at the terminatioa of each period Ihc cut herfelf with a iliell upon her b*cart, her hands^ or her face; notwithllanding this bloody fpcdtacic greatly af- tcclcd the gentlemen prcfent, yet all the Indiana who .»! , fat by her, except one, were quite unnmved. The gcn- tlenien faw fome, who from the depth of their learn mud, upon thefe occalioiu, have wouiulcd thcmfclves more violently. (Jrcat plenty of oyfters were prtKured from a bed which had bcert difeovcred, and they proved exceed- ingly good. Next day the ftiip was vitited by twtt canoes, with unknown Indian*; after fome inriration they came on board, and they all trallicked without any fraud. Two fortified villages being dcfcrted, fher Captain, with Mr. Hanks, and Dr. .Solandcr, went to examine them. The fmallen wa» romantically fituated upon a HK-k, which was art hed ; this village did not coniirt of above five or fix houfes, fenced round. There was but one path, which was very narrow, that con- dudled to it. The gentlemen were invited by the in- habitants to juy them a vilit, but not having time to fpare, took another route, after having made prefents to the fimales. A body of men, women, and chiklrcn now approached the gentlemen i thefe proved to he rhe in. habitants ofanotner town, which they ])ro|)oi«:d viliting. They gave nuiny tellimones of their friendly dilpofi' tionsi am«ig others ihry uttered the word Heromai, which according to Tupia's interpretation, implied peace, and appeared nun h fatisficd, when informed the gentlemen inu-nded viliting their habitations. Their town was named Whanetoiiwa. It is featcd on a point of land over the fea, on the north lide of the bay, and was pailed round, and tlclendcd by a double diti h. Within the ditch a rtage is erected for defrnd-> ing the place in cafe of an attack; iwar this llage, quantities of darts and Hones are drpofited that thcf may always be in readincfs to repel the alliiilants. There is another Ilagcto command the path that lead* to the town; and there were fume out-works. The place feemed 1 ^Jculated to hold out a confide table time agaio'f* »n enemy armed with no other weapons than thofe of the Indians. It ;ippcaied IioweN%*r deficient it> water for holding our a fiege. Inllead of bread, they hail t"ern nxrt, which was here in great plenty, withi dried fifh. Very little of the \mv\ was cwkivated, and fwcet potatoes and y|ms were the only vegetables to be found. There are two r(>cks near the lorr of thi» fortilicartvon, both feparated from the main land ; they are very fmall, iK'vertheld's they are rK* without dwel- ling-houfes and little fortifications. In their engage- ments, thefe Indiana throw flones with their hands, iKing deftitute of a flinjr, and thole antt lances vtK their only milTible weajHins j they have, belides the jxitoo- patoo, already dcfcritKd, a Ralfalxiut five t'eit in length and aiuuher fhorter. \Vr failed from this bay, after having taken polliriruin of it in the name of" tl>c king of Great Britain, on the 1 5th of November. Tojava, who vifited u» in hi» canoe Jufl before our departure, faid, he fhoidd prepare to retire to his fort as f(x>n a» the Eng- lifh were gone, as the relations of Oirreonooe had threatened to take his life, a.s a forfeit tt)r that of the dcceafed, Tojava being judged partial in this affair to the Englilli. Towards the north-weft, a tKimlier of iflands of dif^ ferent fizes appeared, which were named Mercury Iflands; Mercury Bay lies in latitude 36 deg. 47 min. fouth ; longitude i H4 deg. 4 niin. well, ami has a fmall entrance at its mouth. On account of the number of oyfters found inthe river, the captain gave it the name of Oyfter Rivet : Mangrove River (w hich the captain fo called from the great number of thofe trees that grcwr ittar it) is the mof^ fecvire place lor iliipping, being at the head of the bay. The north-weft fide of this bay and river appeared muehniore fertile thr.n the eaf\ (ide. The inhabitants, though numerous, ha%c no plantations. Their canoes are very indittcrcntty conltruviled, and are not ornamented at all. Thty lie under contirwal ap- prchcnfionsofTerratu,bcingconfidcredbyhim as rebels. Shore iron faivd is to bejpund in plenty on thi^ coaft, which proves that there arc mines w metal up thfi country, it being brought down from thence by a H« vulet. On the 1 8th ia the morning, w c (leered betw cen the main, and an iiland which feemed very fertile, and as V"^iii\fivc cook's first VOYAGE— for miking Difavcri,'! in the S-jUth Sen St Hound the ff'oj /,/. 49 cxtcnlivL- as UliLtca. , Several 1 annci (illcil with In- dians, laiiic along-(idc hi tc, ami the Iniliani fiinj; thcii' warloiif^, hut the h'.ndcaviUir's people paying thein no attention, they threw a vollcv of lionet, arul then j)ail- dleilawayj hovveverllicy prelintly returneil their inliijrs. 'I'upia fpokc to them, inakin;^ iiCeot'hi.i olil .irj^unienrs, that incvitahle deftruction would enfue if the)' perlideili they aiifweri'l hy braiiililliinj^ their ueapons, iniinia- tinj^ that il ilic l.nj.;hih ilurit (onie on Ihorc, they woulil (lellroy them all. 'rii|M i (till continued ui ex- polUilatinf; with them, hut to no purpofe ; and tluy Coon |i;ave another vollev of Hones ; l)ut upon a niui'- quet hein|.; lired at one of tii^ir iioats, they niatle a pre- ti,pitate retreat. We (all ani hor in 2;j liithom water in the evening, and earl) the next niorninj; lailed up an inlet. Soon after two canoes ranie oil, and fonie of the Indian!! came on hoanl : ih() knew ro|ava ver\ well, and c.illcd Tupia by liisn.uue. Ha\ ing received from us liime picfenti, they retired peacealjlv, and ajiparently highly gratilicd. On iVIonday the 20tli, after having run live leagues frc a the place where \ie h.id anchored the night be- fore, we came to an anchor in a b.iv ca'led b)' the natives Ooahaourafjce. ("apt. Cook, Mr. Hanks, I3r. .Solander, and otheri fet olf in the pinnace to examine the bottom of the bav, and found the inlet end of a ruer, about nine mile> alio j ihe (liii). VVe entered into the lame wiih the full ol ilu llood, and before we had proce .lid ihree mile s, the water was perfectly frelh. llircwcfiw an Indian tov.n, I nili upon a finall dr\ laiul-bank, and entirely fiuiouided by a deep mud; tlv- udnbita-its of wiiich with much cordiality iiuited Ui to land, and gaveusanu)!! I'lundly reception. We were niw fmitteen miles up the river, and linding little alteration in ih'.' face of the country, \*e landed on the wed lide to e\.;niinc the lofty trees which adc.rned its bmk.;, and \veieof a kind that we had not ft( n before. At the tiitr.nnce of a v.ood we met with one ninety- eight fc(.thij',h fremiti tlu-gTOiintI, quite (Trait, and nine- teen feet in circ iinit(.rin x; and as «e advanced we fuiind (it!-crs Hill Idigir. 'J he wrod of tlicfe trees is \cry he.v.'.', not fit fi r mafls but wniild makecxceeding fine plank.<. Our carpv nier, who was w ith us, obfir\> cd, that tlie timber rei'cmliled that of the pitch |)ine vluch is lightciKil by tappijig. 'I'luie were alio trees ot other kind>, jil unknoun tons, Ipeiimen. of which ve brought aw. >)-. We leimbai kcd about ihi o'clock «ith the full ot the ebb. and (.'apt. Cook g.ne to the tiurtli.' r..inic ot'ibe 'Ibami -i, it havinga rvfemblancc to the n^er of that name in Ingland. It is not lo deep, tur it i^ as brn.id ai the lliaiiu i is at (Jieenwii li. .uul the tide ol llocd is a-i ll.'^ong. (Jn the evening ol the tlU we reached the lliip, allcMiemely tired, but happy a: being or> board. On the 2:d, early in tne morning, we made f.iil, and kept plving till the Hcod i.bliged us once more to come to an jii.hor. The ( ajitain and Dr. .^'olaiule; vent on Ibore to thewcO, hut made no obferv.itici, wurth relating. After thefe gr iirlemcn departed, the Blip was iiuToundcd with canoes, which kept Mr. Banks on hoard, that he might trade with the lndi.iii>, who bartered their arms and cloatli, tiir [lajier, taking no unfair advantages. Hat thougdi they were in ge- neral honell in their dc.ilings, one ol' them rook a fancy to i half niinuie ;j;l.d"s and being detected m fe- creting the fame, 11 wa> re li)lved ro gi\e him a fmatch ot the c;u-t>'nine-t.iils. 'I iie Indians interfered to Itop I'lC ciirn'nr of jiillue; but I'cing op[>ofed they g. t their arms from their canoe;, and lome of the people h them .KUinprcd to r,et on board. Mr. Banks and Tiipia now coming upon deck, the Indians app'ied to Ti:i>i-», who informeci them of tiie nature ot' tiie of- fender's intended punitluiuiu, and that he had no in- fluence over Mr. I li. ks, thcconiiuaaditigofncer. They appcar.-.l pai ilied, and the criminal rei eived not only a ilo/.cn, but afti'iwards a good diuhbing from an old man, who was thought to be his father. The canoes immediately went olf, the Indians faying, they fhould be 'afraid to rriurn .ig.»in on hoard. 'I'upi.a, however, brought them back, but t;liey feeined to have loH that No. 6. conddencc win. h they before rcpofed in lis. 'I heir lla) was tlioit, and alter their de|)ariuic we faw thein not .again, though they had pronciifcd to return v\:th fome lilli. On the 2^(1, the weather flill continuing unfavour- able, and the wind contrarv, we kept plying down ti,c nvcr, anchoring between ttic tides i and at the north- wcil cvtrcmity of the 'ihamc, we nailed .1 point of land \(hich the captain called Point Rodney ; and ano- ther, at the noiili eaff exticmity, when we entircd the lav, he mined Cape Colville, in honour of Lord Col- vijlc. Not l)eing able to approach land, we had but a diflant view o|i the main for a rouife of near thirty milei. Under the n.imeoi' the ii\cr Thaiiu s, the cap- tain (omprehendcd the whole l>ay. Cape Colville is to be dillinguilhcd by a high roc k, and lies in jf) dig. 26 mill, ot ft)iith latitude, and 194 deg. 27 min. well lon- gitude. The Thames runs fouth by calf from the fou- thern point of the cape. In fome parts it in three leagues over, for ah:)iit finirteen leagues, afier vhicli it beioiiKi narrower. In fome parts of' the bay the water is 26 fithoms deep; the dejith diiiiinifh s gra- dually, and in general the anchorage i-,co,)d. Toloirc ifluuis that llielter it from the fea Captain Cook gave the name of Hariirr lllaiids; they flretch nonh-welV anil l()utli-eaft ten leagues. The country feemed to be thinly inhabited ; tlic natives are well maile, llrong, and active; their Imdies are painted with rcvl orre, ar.d their canoes, which are well conflructed, were orna- ir.i ired u ill) c, lived work, l»n the 2.('h, v.e continued fleering along the fliore bet ,cen ilie ilhiii Is anil the main; M\d in the evening anchdieil in an open bay, in about Iciiiitcen fath.oin water. 1 lere we caught a large number oi' filh of the fi iennc, cir bream kind, enough to fupply thcv.holc Ihip'. e. iiipany with piovifi.m for two d.iys. Tr.'m our fu I ce(i. Capr. Cook named this place Bream Hay, and the extreme points at the north end of the bay be called III earn Head. Seveial pointed rocks Hand in a range upon the top of it, and fome fmall illanJs which liebelore it were called the Hen -and Chickens. Iris fituatetl in latitude 35 deg. 46 min. fevciucen league's norih-wilf of Ca|e (..olville, There is an extent of land, of about thirty miles, bervvcen Point Kodn ■} a:id Hream Held, woody and lo-.v. N'o inhabitants were vi- fiblc; but from the fires perceived at night, we coa- ilud d it il a- inhabited. On the 2. til, early in the morning, we left the Iiay, and continued our con fe t^.owly to the noith'.vard, at noon 0111 l.ititudc was ^fideg. .;f) min. fouth, and wefavv Ionic illands which we named the Poor Knights, at north-call by north, dillaiit three league . ; the northev- moll land in light boie N. N. W. we .cere mnv at the dilfance ol tun miles from the lliore.and had i aenty-fix tathom water. lj[i.)n the illands were a few towns that ,i|ipeared fortified, and the land round them feemed well inh.ibited. On the idth, tcnvards night, kven large canoes came oil' to us, with about f •> hundred men. .Some of the Indi.ins came on board, and let us know, that they had an account of our arrival. Thefe were fullovvcil by two larger canoes, adorned with carving. 'J'he In- dians, .ittcr ha\ ing held a conference, came a-long fide of the vefi'el. They were armed with various weajions, and feemed to be of the higher order. Their patoo-jia- too, were made of flone .md whale-bone, ornamcntcil with dog's hair, and were held in high cllimation. l heir com|>lexion was darker than that of thofeto the fouth, and their faces wci ■ Ihiineel with amoco. They weie given to [lilfering, of which one of ihcin g.nv an inllance pretending to barter a piece of talc, wrought into the fhapeof an axe, lor a piece of cloth ; nor was he difpofed to fullil his agreement, till wc compelled him to do it, by firing a mufeiuet over his head, which biciight him back to the fliip, and he returned the cloth. At three in the afternoon we pafFed a remark- able high point of land, bearing weft, and it was called Cape Hrett, in honour of Sir Picrcy Bivtc. At the point of this cape is a round high hillock, and north- call by north, dillant about a mile, is a curious arched N rock. 5« CafJt. C O O K •« VOYAGES C O M F L li T K. like that which huhccn alrf.itly ik-firilKil. Thiuc.ipiv or at Itaft |>art of it, is called hy the natives Motiino- go, ami lici in 35 dcp. 10 niin. 30 fee. fouth latimilc, ind in 1 85 dip. 23 nun. wcrt lonjjitude. To the loutli- wefk by weft is a bav, in vhich is many fiuall illands, inH the point at the north-wcrt entrance the i aj)tain named Point Poiorke. Thrrc arc many villa|;t"t on thr main an veil as on the i(l; made to the fhip, and in the courfc of Kirttriiif, Ihcwcil fhe fimc inflination to defraud ai their neir;hl)(iiir>.. Ihefe Indians wercllronpand well nionoitioiuJ j their hair black, and tied up in a hunch lliuk vith feathers; their chiefs had garments made of fine tloiii, die orated with dopj's (kini and they were tutaowcd like ihofc who had lilt appeared. On the :7th, at ei|rht in the morning, we foiiiui our- frbvs within a mile of manv fmall illaiuls, laying dole under the main, at the dilbii' c of t\venr\-iuo miles from Cipe Brrtt. Here we lay about two hours, dii ring which time feveral ciiiofs came (ill fioin the iflandj, which we c ailed ('ivallrs, the naiut ot' foim ftdi which we pindiafed of the Induinr,. TlKt'e peo- ple were very in(i)lciit, idip^; main trantic {'clhirts, and pelting; us with (tones. Nor did they f;i\e o\er ilieir infults, till funic fiii.ill (liot hit one who li.id a llone in his hand. .\ f;enei.il tciror wa> now Iprcad ainoiij. rhim, and tlir) all nnile a very pre( ijiilale retreat. I'oi feviral day-, the wind was in very iinla\ Durable, iha. theviffd lather loH than f;;>ined Riound. On the 29th, hivinjMceatlured ( .ipo IJutt, wc bon away to leeward, and jj^t into a larpcbav, w li< re wc an- chored on the loiilh-wel> tide ot' 11 vend ill.mdi and fuddetilv Came into four f.ithoin.s and a half water. Upon foundiiii;, we tiiuiui we had got upon a bank, and accordingly weij;hed and dropped out n, anii anchored again in ten fithoius and a half, ufterwhich wc '.lerc furroun.lcd by thiuv-thiec lai(;e » anocs, i on- taiiinp near three hundred Indi.iiu all aiihCil. .Some of them were admitrid on board, and Captain Gwk pnvc a piece of broad cloth to one ol the ( hiels, and fome fmall prefent-. ro tl»f oiIkt. 'I'hey tiuicd piaec- ably f)r fome tmif, bein{\ ten ilied at the lire-nniis, with the ef]>cts ol whit h tlr.\ were not imacqiiainteii ; but whilll ti;e captain w.t^ at dinner, on a li;>iid j.^ivcn by one bf the chiefs, all the Indians i]uitted the Ihip, and attempted to low away the buo)' j a miill]iiet was now fired ovtr them, but it piodu( ed noilfect; fmall lint was then lind.it thiin, but it diii not leaJi them. .\ mufjucr loaded with ball, was tliercroie ordered to be lired, and ( Hef'ii(iw<;t wa^ tired, whii h run luil the flior'', and a.d'on .is thev l.iiuleel, they r.ui in leanhol ir. II flufe Indians had lucii under a:iy kind of mi- li'ar\ difi ipline, tilt; nii]:;ht have proved a iiuichmoie formidable enemy; but actinj; thus, without anyfl.m or rtnulatioii, they only expofed themfelves to tiie an- no', aiKc of the fire-anua, whilH they could not pol- fibly fii' < ecei in any of their drli|^i)s. 'I'hc C.ipi lin, Mr. Han!^^, and Dr. Solander, landed upon the itiand, and the Indians in the canoes foon after came on Ihore. 'f"hc pntlci.ien were in a fm^ll cove, and were prelentlv furroaiidcd by near 400 aimed Indians; Imt the cap- tain not fulpcctin;;any hollile d(lit;n on the part of the natives, remained peaceably difpofed. '1 he (gentle- men, man hing towards them, drew a line, intimatipj^ that they were not topafs it : the) did not intVini^c upon this boundary tiir fome time; but at length, they lan;^ the fong ot defiance, and began to dance, whiUl a jiarty attempted to draw the Lndeavour'.s boat on ibore, thefe lignals for an ifttack being immediately followed by the Indians breaking in upon the line ; the gentlemen jutlged il time to defend themfelves, and ac- cordingly the cajitain bred his niufquet, loaded with fmall thor, v hich was fecondcd by Mr. }5anks's dif- charginghis piece, and two of the men fiillowed his ex- ample. This threw the Indians into confulion, and they retreated, but were rallied again by one of rhc chiefs, who fliouted and waved his patf¥)-patoo. The IXxtor now pointed his muf^iiet at rhu hero, and hit him : tils Hopped his taieer, atid he took to Hight with the other Indiani. 'I'hcy retired to an eminence in a coJ- lecled body, and feeined dubious whether they Ibould return to the charge. They were now at too great a diHanci ttir a ball to reach them, but thele operation lieing oblerved from the Ibip, (he brought her broad- tide to bear, and by tiring over tlitm, (iion difperfed them. The Indians had in their (kirmdh two ot their peo]'lo wounded, but none killed: piace bring thus re- itoied, the gentlemen began to g.ither Gi-lery and(«lier herbs, but fiifpeoliiig that fome of the nitives were lurking about with evil ililigns, they rei)aired to a cave, whihwasat a (iiiall dillaiue. Mere they (ouiui the hiet, whoh.ad that day receivi-d a prefent from the* '..'.ilitain ; he cime tbrth w ith his uite and brother, and i)liciied their (leniency. It ajipeared, that one ()f the wounded Indians was a broilur of this ( hief, who was ■ nder great an\iety led the wiiund thouKI prove mortal, 'lut his grid was in a great ilegreeallev i.ited, when ho Aas ma.le a'\|iinntid with the diil'erent etfects ot Imall .1 o: and b.ill ; he was at the fame time adiired, that iponany taiiher ho(lilitie> being i ommittcii, ball .vould 't ulcd. 'I'h.s iiv.iview termin.iteii verv i ordiallv , a(- •ri li.ii.e triil'iig pie(ents were made to the chic( anj i> companions. Ihe priiileiuc of the gentlemen can- lot be much commended: tor had thele 400 Indians oldly lulheil in upon them ;it once with their weapons-, ■;u- muKiiietry c. iild hav(' done very little execution ; Kit fuppoting twenty or thirty of the Indians had been vvoiimled, as it iloc, not apjiear their pieces were loaded iviih b.ill, but only liiiall tl.ot, there would have re- mained a fullicient number to have mairtcred them, as It a])pe,iis they ilo not (MVc any t|uaiter, and nonciould h.W'.- Iieen exjiected upon this oe( atioii. It is (rue, when ilie ihip bi()Uf.\ht her bioaillide to bear, (lie might have made i^reat haviM'k aiiiongd the Indiaiu ; but this noiild hive been tiN) late to lave tlii' jiarty on Ihorc.— being in their boats, the l-'.nglilli rowed to another i>art of the lame itiand, ulie;i landing ami gaining an emi- nence, thev h.id a very agreeable and romantic view of a g.reat number of fmall illands, well inhabited and cul- tivated. The inhabitants Of an adjacent town ap- pro.ached unarmed, and tellilied gieat humility and fiibir.itlion. Some ol the paitytm llioio who had been very \ioUn: t'lr having ihr Indiuis [lun'thed lor their tiaidulcnt eonduct, weienow guijty ot trefpalles cjually rciirehemille, h:iving ti)rced into foim: ol' the planta- tions, and dug up potatoe.. The 1 aptain, iipon thw o ealion tliewrd Itrict julllce in piinilliing each of the otleiuli rs Willi twelve ladies: one of ihein being \ti/ rdraviory upon tliio location, and complaining of tin: hardlhij), thinking an Kngliflimm had a right to piiindi r an In, ban with impunity, received lix addi- iliiiial I lilies tor his rcwatvl. On the ;(o:h, it being a dead calm, two boats were lent to t'oiind the harbour j when many canoes came up and traded with great piohity ; the gentlemen went ag.iin on llioieand met 'vith a very civil reception from the natives ; anil t'.!i.. triendly intercourfe continued all the time they remained in tl;e bay, which was fcvcral day.s. Heiiig upon a vilit to the olil chief, he Ihewed them the iiiltruments iiie;l in t.itaowiiig, which were very like tholi; employcil at Otaheite iij)on the like 01:- (•ation. They tiiw the man who h.id been woundcil by the ball, when the attem])t was maile to carry off the ihip's buoy ; and though it had gone through the Hclliy (lart of Ins arm, it did not fcciu to give him th« leatt painor unealinefs. On lucfday the 5th of December in the morning, we weighed anchor, but were fcMin becalmed, and a tlrong lurient letting towards the lliorc, wc ^crc driven in with fuch rapidity, that we cxpcded every moment to be run U|>on the breakers, which appeared above water not more than a cable's length dillancc, and we were fo near the land, that 'i'upia, who was to- tally ignorant of the danger, held a convcrfation w ith the Indians, who were Handing on the bcaijji. V¥c were happily relieved however, from this alarming litua- uon cook's first V0YA(;K — for inakiiiR DiJiov,rL-t in the South S<-tir 6c Round the //W and e^^\ fmith-calT. The wind prevenrin;^ ur. puttiiif; in here, wo (leered for the weHermolt land in lif;lit and betore wc ;;ot tlie length of it, we wew b-calmcd. IXnitigthc calm we werevilited by fcvcial canoes j but the Indians havnig heard of our guns, were afraid to comeonbo,ird j Ikhv- ever wc bouglu fomc of their fiili, and learned fioin them, by the allillance of 'l'u[)ia, that we were about two days fiil from a place called Moore \\hennu:t, where the land '.-hanged its fliape, and turning to the fouth extended no more wvftward. This place v.as concluded to be the land difuncred by Tafnian, which he called (,'apc Maria Van Dieinen. T hey alio inform- ed us, that to the north-north-welV there wa? an ex- tcnfive countiv difcovered by their anceilors, which they named Uliiuaroa, where the inhabitants lived iijion hogs, called in their lanp.u.ige l$(ni.ih, tiie \ery name pivcn them, by thofc who iiihahucd the South-fea Mands. On Sunday the loth, a brce/e fpvintrini; tip, we flood olf to the noitli, and Ibund by oblersation our latitu.le to be ^4 deg. 44 min. (outh. On tlie 1 1 th, early in the morning the land, with which wc llood in, appeared low and barren, bi;t not deditute of inliabitanti. It (rirms a peninftila, whi(h the (■.ii)taiii lalUd Imiih klc Point, and the bay that lien (oniiguous thereto he named Sandy Hiy. In the middle of thin is a high moiintan, which wc caileil Mount Camel, on atcouiiC olin n I'emblanie to that animal. We (aw one village on the well lide of thu mount, ami another on the iaf> lide. S'veral (annes p;it oil' but could not reaihthc lliip, whi( h tacked, ami Ibxidto th-- noitluVard, till the al'ternoon of the 1 jth, whi'ii ihc Hood to the noith-calt. Towards ni);ht wc were brought under double reefed topl'iiU 1 and in the morning it was lb tempelluousas to l"|>lit the main topfail ami the tore mi/,en-top fails. I'.miy in the morniiu; ot the 14th we law laml to tht* I'dUthsvard, at thedilt mce ot Ciflir or nine leagues j and on the 1 sth we tackctl and lb»od to the uellward. 0,1 rhc i()th we dil'ioveied laml from the mafb head, bearine fouth-foiitli-wert. On Sunday the 17th wc lat'ki-rlin thirty live fathom, aiul fnind we had not giirud one inch to windward the lall twenty-four liouis. We faw a point of laiul, the northern extremity of New' Zealand, whi'li Capt. Cook ninu'il Nurtli Cape. It lies in latitudi; (4 (leg zx min. Ibu.h, and in 1X5 deg. 55 min. well longitude 1 we continued Handing oif and on till the .; < d when alioiit feverv o'cloi k we difrovered land heariiiL' (bmh half call. ()n th ■ .'4th wc fi'.v tlu lame land fo;itli-e:irt by Rnitli four leagues ilillaiu, which we ludjred to be the llland^ of tlir Three Kings. 'Ihc chief ofthell- is in latitude ■^4 deg. 12 min. fouth, and 187 dtg. 48 min. welt iongituile, and d;!lant aliout 14 and 15 Kagues iVotn North Cape. Mr. 15 inks went out in the lo!i;^-boar and flint fomc birtU tha' nearlv refeinbled gtefe, ami thev were very go. id eating. On CI rillrias-day, De-» ( cmberthc 2 jth, we tackevi, and Itno.i to tlie foutiiward. On 'he if'tU wc l.ad no land in fight, and were twenty leagues to the wellward ot Nurlli t ape. At mid -night we tacked and Hood to the ntirthwajil. On the 27th it bljw a florm from the call, .accompanied v.ithhcivy fiiowers of rain, vihich compell.d us 10 bri'if.^thc Ihip to, under her mainfail. Tf.e gale continued till Thurl- diy the :iith, when it fell about two o'clock, in the morning; but at eight increafed to a hurricane, with a proiligioiis fca. At noon the gale fomevvhat abated, but we had (lill heavv fqualls. C);i the 29th in thi^ evening, we wore ami llood to tlie nortliwefl. On Siturday the .{oth, we faw land bearing north-caft, which we concluded to be Maria van Diuiieni and it torrefponded with the ac'.iiiiiit we had le.eived of it from the Indi.ins. We wore at mid-nig.hr, and flood to the I'outheall. On the 31 II we tackidat fcvcn in the evenin^r, and flood to the wcfil.vard. We were now dill.mt t'rom the nearell land about three leajvucs, and had fajnevvhut more than f)Hy fat hum water. --i t--S?"W C H A P. VII. The Eiidfavaiif nnimie! /vc w.i.i;'', J.'fii.iry the \/l :tjo, found NuvihCupc to S^iiCiViChir'ol/r's Sound — That part of III- ccafl dij'irilid — Tyai'fac'lmii in ll.r /"iind — ^l.v Jh/i's /■ftZiWii l:vo ithvtds, ,v:d yrlurns lo Cifr 'Turiin«ain~A Jfjofknif; ('.(Horn rf thr iiilKihitants — .-/ ■:•///> to <: llippd', .ind clbcr rnniirLilde pdrtuuleri — Ihf ciram-mrn^jlim of this c'MHtry comp/nrd — llv cent and /limi)\illy B;h to the ead-north-call, the captain named Allietrofs I'oint ; on the north tide whereof a hay is l()rmcd, proniifing good anchorage. At about two or three leagues diftance from AUxtrofs I'oint, to the north call we difcovcred a remarkable high mountain, the peak of which is equal in height to that of Tenerille. Its fuiiunit vas covered with fnow, and we gave it the nanic of mount Kgmont, in honour of the earl of that name. It lies in liititude ,59 ileg. i6min. fouih, and 1S5 deg. 15 min. well longi- tude. The country round it is exceeding pleafint, having an agreeable verdure intcilcvkd with w.iods, and the coalt fomis an cxtenfi\e caje which Capt. Cook naiiieil Cape Mgiuont. To the north ol' this arc two fmall illinds, in the t()rm ot" a fiigar-loaf 1 his day being the 1 ,'th we had h.caw Ihowers of rain, ac- companied with thunder and lightening. We con- tinued to lleer along the llioie at the diltanie of Iie- twetntwoand three leagues, and Ixtuecn i\:\cn and eight had a traiifient \ ieu of Mouiu F.dgcomhe, which bote p.oith-wcll ililfant about ten leagues. On the 14th when failing fouth-eall bv Ibuth, the coall lan more linitherly, and foon after li\e in the morning v.c f.;u 1 iiul, t()r which we hauled up. At i\oon thi' i\(irth-wed ixtremity bore foutli f> j well; and lliine high l.uid, in appearance an illand, bon- (iiuth li)uch-eal}, dill.uit li\e leagues. We were now in a luv, ar.d by ohfersation in latitude 40 deg. 27 min. fiitli. longitude i !<4 deg. ^ij min. will. In the evening, at tight o'clock, the land that'.H'te foudi f>{wcl1:, now bore north sgwell. dillan: k\t:n leagues, auc' aitpeared like an itland. Between this land and Cape Ivgiiiont lies the bay. on the well-llde of which we were at this time. The land here is high and beautifully variegated w it li hilK and vales. .\t this jiLitc CajU. Cook propofed to careen the lluji, and to take in a trelh fujipiy of wood and water. Accordingly, On the I ah at day-break, we necred for .m inht, when, it being almoft a laliu, the Ihip «as carried by a current, or tiie tide, w ithin a cable's length of the li;ore j but bv the ,uli11an( e ol the boats ll.c got clear. While cllecting this, we law a fea-lio:i, anluiiing the difi lip- tion _4ivcn of a male one in Commodore .\nlbi\\ \in- agrs. .\bout one o'clock in the alterncM)n we Ivuiitd round the louth-well point of the illand, and ti.i in- habitants of a village were immediately upon leeiiig us up inarir.s. At twowe anchored in a very f.ile 1 use onthc north-wclnide of the ba\, and moored inelewn Jathoiii v.ater, with a loft ground. In p.iliing the poiiit of the bay we had obferved an armed ccntinel on dut\ , who was twice relic\ed ; and nou tiiurcinoes came oil, for purpofe, a; we imagined, ofrei'onaoitring j liirnone of the Indians would venture on boai\l, except an old man who feemed ol elevated rank. His eouMfr.men exiiolhil.ited w ith him, l.iid hold of him, and took great pain-i to prevent his coming aboard, but the\ could not divert hmi from his purpofe. We received hiin with the utmoti civility and h.olpitahty. Tu|iia and the old man jointd nofes, according to the c ulloin of the coun- trv, and having received leveial preleius, he retired to hi) alliieiates, wiio began to dance and laugh, and then retired to their fortified viil.ige. Whether their tx|>rer- fions of joy were tokens of enmity or fricndlhii) we could not determine, having feen them daiue when inclined both to war and jieaee. Ca[)t. Cook andodier geiulciiicn now went on Ihore, at the bottom of the co%c, where they met with plenty of wood, and a line flream of excellent water, and on hauling the feme were very fucccfsfu', having caught three hundred weight of fill; in a lliort time, which was eiiually dillribuied among the llii|)v company. On the 1 6th, at day-break we were employed in careening the bark, when three canoes came oil' with : great number oflixiians, who brought fevenl of then women with them, which c;ircumrtancc was tlii)iij;ht to Lc a favourable prcfage of their peaceable cJifpoiition .1 1 butthcy foon convinced m of our millake, by attempt- ing to flop the long boat; upon which Captain Cook had rccourfc to the old expedient of iiring Ihot over their heads, w hich intimidated them for the prefent ; they foon gave frclh proofs of treacherous defigns ; for one of them fnatchcd at fomc paper from our mar- ket-man, and mining it, put himlclf in a threatening attitude; whereupon fome fliot was lired, which woui.dcd him in the knec; but Tupia (till con- tinued converfing w ith his companions, making en- cjuiries concerning their traditions refpecting the anti- cjuities of their country. He alfo alVcd them, if ihey had ever before feen a fhip as large ;._ die l-Jideavour ? to which they replied, that they had not, norever heard, that Inch a Ncllel had been on their coall, though Taf- man certainly tcuiehed here, it being only four miles fouth of Murderer's Bay. In all the coves of this bay we found plenty of cuttle filh, breams, baranK)tas, gurnard, niaekarel, dog-lilli, folcs, dabs, niullctt?, drum;, feorpenas, or rock-filh, cole-lifli, lliags, chi- meias, ivc. The inhabitants catch their iilh in the follcwing manner. Their net is cylindrical, extended by ieveial hoops at the bottom, and contracled aJ: the top. The Ijlh going in to feed u[ion the bait arc caught in great abundance. In this illand are birds of various kindi, and in great numbenc, particularly parrots, wood- pigec ns, water hens, hawks, and many dilfereni linginpj birds. .An herb, a fpecies of Plulacielii>""; was uled here inlltad of tea, and a plant called " ,1 -nc, rc- fcnililing rug-cloaks, ftrved the tut •' j. -, hH.,ts. I he environs of tlie cove where th a aw, lay is covered entirely v. ith wood, and the ■ ^le-j.-.c ks arc lb numerous, that it is with dilHculty mat pallenj^ers can [iirfuc their way; here is a numerous fanj-tly, that is very difagieeable. 1 he tops of many hill . were coveted with fcrii. The air of the country is very 11 oill, and has fomc tiualitics that promote putrefac- iion, as birds that hid bci-n lliot but a few hours were ii'Uiul with m.iggoi i in them. 'Ihe women who ac- coinpinied the men in their canoes, wore a lieadH.hefs, whuh we had no where met with bcliiic; it wa;;com- polcdof black feathir., tied ;n a bun..h on the top of the held, which greatly iiujieafed its height. ilic manner of their difpoling of their dead is v:-iy dil- tereiu to what i; praciiled in their foutlu rn oianc's, 'hey lie a Inge Hone to the' bod), an 1 throw u into llu! :\.\. We law the 1 ;.dy of a won, .in who had been di'- pofcd of this way, but which, by fome accident had dileiigaged itfelf from the Hone, and w;is floating U) on the water. 1 he ("nptain, Mr. ihnks, and the docltor vilited another cove, about two nules t'roni the lliip. I'herewasa lamil) of Indians who weregna'ty .il.iimej ,u the apj.ioac h of thtfe gentlemen, all runimig away ex< ept one J but upon Tujiia's coinerling with lum, the others returned. They found, bv tl;e piovuic ns of this taiiulv, that they were caniuliiis, here being fevi lal human iic-nes rh.it hiid been l.itcl;, dieired and picked, and it appeared ihat a Ihort 1 •• beiore, fix of their enemies having l.illeii into their hanch, the;, had killed f iiir ,uid eaten them, and ih.it thcorher two were drown- ed ill endeavouring to make their elcapc. They made no fee ret of this aixjiuiniibie ciillom, but anfwered Tu- pia, who was defued to aliertain the tael, with great compoliire, that his conjectiiivs were iull, that they were die bones of a man, and tcUified by ligns, that they thought human lleili ilelii ions lo.'d. Up.on Lemg alkcd, Why ihey had no; eaten the liody of the womi'.n tint had been llciating upju tlic' water.'' the, anfwered. She died of .i dil'order, and tint mi)rc:ovc'r I'.'e vv.is re- lated to them, and they never aie any but their enemies, b'ljoii ,Mr. Banks Itill teltifvinglomedoiibti concerning the l.ki, one of the 'iidians drew the bone of' a iiuin'» arm through hi.? mouth, and this gcniieman had the i.urioliiy to bring it away w iih iiini. 'ihcre was a wo- man in this family whofe arms and legs were cut in a llioi king manner, iind it appeared Jlie liad thus wound- ed herlelt becaufc her hulbaiid had lattlv been killed and eaten by the enemy. Some of the Indians brought four Ikiills one day to fell, which thev rated at a very high price. The brains had been UKcnou(, atid pro- bably c, Inattoiiipt- <-'ap'taiii Conk iriiijr iliot over )r the prcfcnt ; roiis ddif^iis; from our iiiar- a tlircatcninj.; iircd, vhull |)ia ftill con- niaking cn- ting the anti- tlHIll, if ihcy c 1-jidtavour ? lortvtT heard, , though Tar- nly four inilcs I'sof this hay IS, baraccHitas, abs, niulltrt?, 1, fliags, chi- •ir filli in the cal, txrciideil traded aj; the ait arc caught Js of various )arr()t.s, wood- Icrtni linginp; ""=. was uit-d ,."■. -ne, rc- ■>• "■ u\.,is. av;. lay is ^Ic-j.-.tJ.i ai'c lat palli'iij^cri ous fiind-'tly, my hill:, w-rc Jiiiry is very te putrtfac- \^ hours were iicn who ac- u htad.-<.ircfs, It \va.-: coin- tn the top of .,ht. ihc 1 is \:iy dii:. thini iil.im'i, )" u inu) I in: lad bdii dif- Klidlllt hsvl liiatiii); ujoil id the (linJlor nil tl'.C ill p. adv al.ui;'.tj miiiiig auay liih liiiii, the riil( ns of Hiiii,- ll'vi lal and jiiikid, lix of tlair •;. had killed \M re ili()v\ri- Tlicy made ifwercd 'I'u- , with great \, that thoy ligii-S tliat L'p.oii Leill;^ tho VMiir.;'.;i •\ anfwcrcd, IIh; ua-i re- ;ir cnciiuei. conctrniti/^ ol' a ir.an'.t in had the V wai a wo- ;rc cut in a liiis wound- been killed .Alls brought 1 at a very '„ and pro- bably '■^W ,-'i'fA'-^-_ ' .**i'-.'_-^i«.f"' ■,^'', ' nt§ f, ;^i lis .■-*^'. . ■ r ■•".fr- i.r i^'h ■••»•" 'affm* ■bm ■ ■'! 'A '.f.-- M?' 'S :■( '//" ,yvf/ff//¥i^;. *1 1 m d i 1 i 1 III 1 ii'ij lit j'i)i '«ilf *,! IE' j ft •:-^, ■■■■» t ■'^i ■II n I rfc^f i cook's first voyage — for making Difcovcrics in ilic .Vw//) Av/j fc Ri;uiid th.- //-?///,/. 5:; bably taten, but the Ikull and hair remained. Tiiey feemed to have been dried by fire, in order to prcferve them from putrefadion. The gentlemen likcwifc faw the bail of a canoe, which was made of a human (kull. On the whole their ideas were fo horrid and brutifli, that they feemed to pride thcmfcfvcs upon tlicir cruelty ;\nd baroarity, and took a particular pleafurc in flicw- ing the manner in which they killed their enemies, it being confidercd as very meritorious to be expert attliis dfftruftion. The method ufcd was to knock them down with their patoo-patoos, and then rip up their bellic-s. Great numbers of birds ufually begun their melody about two o'clock in the morning, and ferenadcd us till the time of their- rifin^. This harmony was very a- grceable, as the ftiip lay at a convenient diflance from the fliore to hear it. 'I'hcfe feathered chorifters, like the Rnglifh nightingHles never iing in the day-time. On the 1 7th, the Iliip was vifited by a canoe from the liippah, or villaj^c j it contained, among others, the aged Indian, of fiipc-ior diftiridion, whohadfirll vi- liccd the Knglilh upon their arrival. In a conference which Tupia had v.iih him, he ttllified his apprchcn- lions, that their enemies would \ery foon vilit them, and repay the compliment, for killing and eating the four men. On the t Sth, we received no vilit from the Ir.dians; tuit going out in the pinn.-ice to infpei;]: the bay, wc law ;i iincle man in a canoe (illiing, in the manner already defcriiied. It was remarkal)le, that this man did not pay the leall attention to the people in tlic pinnate, Inst coiwimied to puihie his eniplo;.-- ment even when «e cr.mc along-lide of him, with.oui cnce looking at i!.i. Some of the Endeavour's piople being on fliore, f(>und thnc human hip bones, elofo to an oven ; thcfc were brought on board, as well a.; liic liair of a man's Kead, which wa:, limiid in a tree. Tlie next day a forge was fct up to repair the iron-work ; atid fome Indians vifited the Iliip w ith plenty of lilh vhiththey bartered very fairly tor nails. On the -lOth, in the morning, Mr. Banks purehafed of the old Indiana man's hf.ul, which he feemed mtv unwilling to part with; the I'^ull had been fiaauieJ by a blow, and tlie brains were e.xti.adted, and like the others, it was preferved from ptitrelai'tion. From the care w ith which they kept thife tkulls, ami the reluvC- ancc with which they bartered any, it was imaf^ined they were confu'ered as trojihies of war, and tellimo- nials of their valour. In this i\i/i excurfion, we did roc meet w ith a tingle n.itive ; the ground on every lide wa:; ijuite unciikivated ; but we dif.overed a very good harlx)ur. The fucccediiig day the iiiip's company jj ere allowed to go on flioie t()r their ;niufement, and the genileiiK-n eniployed ihemftKe- in filliing, in which they were very fueiefsful. Some of the company' in their e.vturiion met wi'h fortiticaiions that had not the advantage of an elevated fituation, but were furround- ed by two or three wide ditches, with a draw-bridge, fiiih as, though (imple in its llrudhire, was capable of anfwering every purpofe .againfl: the arms of the na- tives. Within thefe ditches is a fence, made with liakes, fixed in the earth. A decifive conquell or vic- tory over the befiegcd, otcalic ns an entire depopula- tion, ol that diihidt, as the vanquillied, not only thofe who arc killed, buttlicprifoners likewife are devoured by the viiitors. The iid was employed by Mr. Banks and Dr. So- lander, in colkaing of plants, whilrt Capt. Cook made fome obfervations on the main land on the fouth- ca(V fide of the inlet, which fonliftetl of a chain ol' high hills, and fiirmed part of the fouth-well lide of the ftreight j the oppofite fide extended far to the ead. He atfodilVovcred a village, and nianv houfos that had been deferied, and another village that appeared to he inh.nhited. There were many (mail idands round the coaft. that feemed intirely barren, and what few inha- Dii nts were upon them lived prineipall) upon filh. On rh.e 24th, we vifited a hippah, which was liLiiated on a very high rock, hollow underneath, fdrniing a fine natural arch, one fide of which joined to the laud, and the other role out of the fea. 'I'hi- inhabitants re- ftcived us with great civility, and very rgadilf Ihcwed No. 6. u.scvery thing that was curiotis. 'I'his lupjiah w.;s partly furrounded with palifadoes, and it had :\ Hghtiii^.^ lUigc, like that already dclerihed. Here we met with a crcif* refembling a crucifi.\', which was credied as a monu- ment fo,- a deceafed perlbn; but could nor learn how his body was difpofed of. From a conveifation that Tupia had with thefe people, a difcovery was made that an oflicer being in a boat near this village, and fome canoes coming off, made him imagine they had holUle deligns, and he fired upon them with ball, which nuule them retire with much precipitation, but they could not elfert their retreat, bcf ire one of them , was wounded. What made thi.-; rafh adion the more to be lamented was, that die Indians gave afterwards every pofiihle afliirancp that tl;eir intentions upon this occalion w. re entirely friendly. On the 25th the Captain, Mr. Hanks, and Dr. So- lander, went on (bore to iliixjt, when they met v. irh a numerous taiuily.who were among the creeks catv.l..ng lilh: theybehased \cyy civilly, and received fome tri- fling prefenrs from the gentlemen, who were Ija^'el by way of return with the klf^s and emhr.iccs of both fexe."!, young and old. The next day being the 26th, they made another cxcurlion in the boat, in order to take a view of the (height, that pi'.fl'cs between the eallern and wellcrn Teas. To this end they attidned the fumniit of a hill, but it being hazy in the horizon, they could lee but to a f.iiall dill.uice to tl'.c eail ; how- ever, it wns relolved to explore ciie iiaiiage in the fliip v.hen thev Ihould put to fea. Bet'ore their depjrtuic from this hill, they erected a pyramid with fio.ic.';. a.nd left foKie nv.ifl.et balls, fmall Ihot and bead-;, that were likely to lland the teft of tmie, and wouid be nn mo- rials, that this |ilace had been \ilited by Europeans. On (lur return, having defccnded the hill, we made a hearty meal of the lliaggs and tilli, prociuxd by cur guiio and lines ; and which were drelUd b) the bo-u's crev.' in the place we had apj unieJ. Hire we were re- fpeOifully received by another Indian family, uho added to their civilities Oionf; exprclTion.s of kiiidncfi and plealure. They flieued us where to gel \.attr, with every other oilice as was in their pov. er. I'lonj hence we \i!ited another hippah. li'.itcd on a rock al- iiiolt inacccliible : it coniilted of about one hundrij lioufes and a fighting Ibige. We made the fiicnJIy in- habitants (owe fniall prefents of pr.j'er. b.'adiS, and nails, and they in retuiii furnill-.cd us with dried lilh. On the £7th and 2Sth our company were engaged in making necelFaiy repairs, catching lilh, and getting the bjideax our ready to continue her voyage. On Monday the 29th, we were vifited by our oki friend 'I'opoa in company with otlier Indians, from whom we heard, that the man who had received a wound near the hippah, was dead ; but diis report proved atierv..irils i^roundK'I'sj and we found that To-* poa's difeourfes were not always to be taken literally. During the time the bark Has prepaniig for fea, Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander olun went on iliore ; but their walks were circumllribcd by tl;e luxuriant climberi which filled up the fpare between the trees, : iid ren- dered the won. Is impatfable. Capt. Cook alio imdc feveral obfervatior.s on the coall to the no;di-'\ ell, and perceiveil matiy iilauds, forming bays, in wluch there appeared to be good aiK hora;;e for ll'ipping. I le allb creeled another pyramitl of llones, in which he pv.i fome bullets, i\c. as bei'ore, v.irh the addition of a piece (U our fiuer coin, and placed pare of an oM 1 ciulant on the top, to diilin.wuini it. Returnmi;- to the Ihip he met wiih 'lumy of the native.^, of whou. he purehaK'd a fuiall quantity of li'.li. On Tuefday, the .joiii, foiue of our people, v. ho were feiu out early in the morning to gather celery, met with about twenty Indians, among whom were five or fix women, whole hul!;.uid.i had lately b'.cn male cajjiives. They fat dtiwn uf).)iuhe grounil ti)gcLl-.e!-,.m'l cut many parts of their bodies in a moil fhuei;ingm.i:i- ner, wiihfhells.an.llliari) pieies (,f talcor jalper, ia tefti- monv of their excellive griel". But what madetti- horr'd fpeclacle more terrible, was, th.at the male India/is v,!,o were with them, paid not the lead atieivion to it, but wiihthegreateflunconccni imaginable-, eniploytd thcM- O IcUes w •'■ \& ^ • ^m .••*+ C'apt. C O O K s V () Y A G V. S COMPLEX E fclvc.i in repairing their huts. This day the carpenter having prepared two polls, they were let up as memo- rials, being infcribed with the date of the year, the month, and the ihip's name. One of them we erci^ted at the watering place, with the union-Hag hoilh'd upon tlie top; and the other in the iiland that hts nearertthc fea, called by the natives Motuara; anti the inhabitants bcinq; informed, that thofe polls were lit up to acquaint other adventmrrs that the I'lndcavour had touched at this place, they promifed never to ilef- troy thciii. Capt. Cook then gave Ibmething to every one prefinr, and to Topoaourold friend, he prefented a filver three-pence, dated I7,i6, and fome fpike nails which had the king's broad arrow cut deep upon them. After which he honoured this inlet with the name of Queen Charlotte's Sound ; and at the fame time took polFeirion of it in the name and for the ule of his pre- ient majcfly. The whole of this day's bulinels con- cluded with drinking a bottle of wine to the ijuecn's health. The bottle was given to the old man, who received the prefent with flrong ligns of joy. We mull not omit hereto obferve, that Topoa being quef- tioned concerning a paflage into the eartcrn-fea, an- fwered, that there was certainly fuch a palfage. I le alfo faid, that the land to the fouth wefb of the fheigln, where we then were, conlirtcd of two whennuas or iflands, named Tovy Poenamoo, which fignilies " the water of green talc ;" which might probably be the name of a place where the Indians got their preen talc, or fVone, of which they make their orna- ments anil cutting tools. I le alio told us, there « as a third W'liennua, ealVward of the (freight, called l'»i- heinomauwee. of conliderable extent ; the circumnavi- gation of «hi(h would take up many moons: he added, that the land on the borders of the (height, contin;uoui to this inlet, w.as called Tiera VVitte. 1 laving luocured this intelligence, and concluded the ceremonies at fixing lip the monumental memorial, we returned to the (hip. 'I he old man attended us in his canoe, and returned home alier dinner. ^\'ednefdny the 3 id, having taken in our wood and w.atcr, wc difpatched one party to make brooms, and another to catch fi(h. Toward the clofe of the evening- we had a (Irong gale from the north-weft, with fuch hea\y llioucrs, that our fwcct little warblers on ftiore fuf|)c:ided their wild notes, with which till now they h.ad conllantly fcrenaded us during the night, atfording Us a pieifure not to be cxprelfed, and the lofs of which wc could not at this time refrain from regretting. On the ift of February the gale increafcd to a (lorm, w ith heavy gufts from the inain land, which obliged us to let c^o another anchor. Towards night they became more moderate, but the rain poured down with im- pituofity, that the brook at our watering place over- \W\<.\\ itf banks, and carried away to our lots ten calks hill of water. O:'! S;itualay the {d,.wc went over to the Ilippah on the eaft-lidc of Charlotte's .Sound, and procured a >.on(idcral)le quantity of filh. The people here con- lirmed all that Topoa had told us refpe>:ting the Onighr and the unknown country. At noon when we took leave of them, fome (howed figns of forrow, others of joy that we were going. When returning to the (hip f.ime of our company made an excurdon along the (bore northw aui, to traffic for a further fupjily of (i(h, but without fucccfs. Sunday the 4th, Mr. Ifanks anil Dr. Sol.inihr were engaged in collecting (hells, and dif- lerent kinds of feeds. On the 5th we got under fail, but the wind foon fall- mg, we came again to anchor a little above Motuara. Topoa here paid us a vilit to bid us farewell. Ueing qucftioned whether he had ever heard, that fuch a vef- fel as ours had ever vifited the country, he replied in the negative ; but (liid, there was a tradition of a fmall vcftcl having come from Ulimora, a diftant country in the north, in which were only four men, who on their landing, were all put to dc.-uh. The people of the Bay of Mands and Tupia had fome confufed tra- ditionary notions about Ulimora, but from their ac- counts wc could draw no certain conclufion. 'I'his day Mr. Banks rtnd Dr. .Solander went again on lliore in fcarch of natural curiohtics, and by accident met with a very amiable Indiail family, among whom was a w idow, and a pretty youth about ten years of age. The woman mourned for her hulband, according to the cuftom of the country, with tears of blood ; and the child, by the death of his (iither, was the |)roprietor of the land where we had cut our wood. The mother and Con were fitting u|ion matts, the reft of the family of both fexcs, about feventeen in number, fat roinul them, 'nuy behaved with the utmolt hofpitality and courtefy, anil endeavoured to prevail with ii> to Hay alf night ; but cxpeiiting the (hip to f.iil, we could not accept of their prelllng invitation. This family feein- cil the moft intelligent of any Indians we had hitherto' convcrfed with, which made us regret our late ac- quaintance with them; (iir had wc (iillen into their company before, we (hould probably have gained more information from them in one day, than wc had been able to acquire during our whole (lay upon the coaft. Monday the 6th in the morning, the I'aideavour failed o\it of the bay, which, from the favage cullom of eating human lle(h, we called Cannibal Ha)'. Wc bent our courfe to an opcnin;; in the eaft ; and when in the mouth of the ftreight were becalmed in latitude 410 fouth and i 84 deg. 45 min. weft longitude. The two points that form the entrance we called Cape Koamaro, anil point Jackfiin. The land forming the harbour or cove m which we lay is called by the Indians Totarranuc; the hrrbour itfelf, inir.ed by the captain .Ship Cove, is very convenient and fate. It is fituated on the weft- lide ()(' the cove, and i^ the fouthermoft of the three coves within the itland of Mvituara, between which and the iiland of 1 lamotc, or between Motuara or weliern-fliorc is the entrance. In the laft ot theic inlets are two ledges o( rocks, three tathom under water, which may ealily be known by the fea weed that grows upon them. Attention mull alio be paid to the tides, which, when thee i;. little wind. How alxiut nine or ten o'clock at the lull and changeof the moon, and rife anil fall about (even feet and a half, palling througli the (height fromthe fouth-e ill. 'I'he land about this linind, which we fawat the dillance of twenty leagues, conlills entirely of high hills, and deep vallies, well llored with a variety of excellent timber, tit f<)r all purpofes except malls, lor which it is two hard and heavy. On the (liorc- we (bund plenty of Ihags, and a few other fpccics of wild fowl, that are very acceptable f od to thofe who luve lived long iipctn lalt proxilions. 'i'he number of inhabitan's is not greater than (our hundred, who arc f( attered along the coall, and upon any appearance of tlanger retire to their Hippahs or forts, in which (itua- tion we (bund them. '1 hey are poor, and their canoe>; w ithout ornaments. The trallic we had w ith them wa> wholly tor tith j but they had Ibme knowledge of iron, which the natives of other parts had not. On our ar- lival they were much pleafedwith our paper; but when they knew it would befpoiled by the wet, they would not have it. Englilli broad-cloth, and red Kerfey they highly erteemed. Leaving the (bund wc flood over to the eaftward, and were carried by the rajvidity of the current very clofe to one of the two illands that lie otrC.ipcKoamaroo, at the entrance of Queen Charlotte's Sojiid. At this time we were every moment m danger of being dallied to jiic; i againll the rocks, but alter having veered out 1 50 fathoms of cable, the (hip was brought up, when the rocks were not more than two cables Lng.h from uf. Thus w J remained, bciiig obli.ged to wait for the tide's ebbing, which did not take place till after mid- night. On the 7th, at eight o'clock in the mnrning wo weighed anchor, and a frefti breeze with a tide of ebb hurried us through the ftreight with great fwiftnefs. The narroweft part of this ftraight lies between Cape Ticrrawittc and Cape Koamaroo, the diftanrc between which wc judged to be five leagues. I'he length of the llraight wc could not determine. In pafling it, wc think it fafcfl to keep to the north-cafl lliorc, for on this liUc wc iv,f nothing to fear. Cape Ticrrawitte lies in 41 . le I'jideavour aj!;e lullom of VVc bent 1 when in the ititude 410 e. I'he two ,'apc Koaniaro, the harbour or ns'l'otarraniic; lin Ship Cove, d on the wefl- l of the tlirec )etw(en ivhicli I Moruara or lall ol thclc II iiruiir water, eed that grows id to tlie tides, out nineor teit >n, and rife and :; throui;h the )out this Icjund, caiques, eonlilU veil llortd witll lurpofes except . On tlie (liore lur Ipecics of d to tiiole ivhf> I'he number of drtd, who are appearance of n wliich fitua- id their canoe.'i with them wa> * ledge of iron, . On our ar- iper; but when they would not :J Kerfey they the caflward, current very iipeKoamaroo, Kind. At this f being dallied ing Veered out gilt uj>, when es kng.h from to wait for the till after mid- ; morning wc a tide of ebb reat fwiftnefs. between Cape lanrc beCween e length of the paffiniT it, wc ore, for on thij rrawitte lica in 41 deg. J. ^^— <»;m,;!'i' bp •■l-!'i< i LK- ^9m^> ■« ■)'"' %) X'l ^' "-%•',• <...^ %,v -:#-. *. '"■/ 1 •Ml. ■ ''^..y ■ '■■ V '- ^■*i'*» ,H. / . If -_ *;< -J I ..'» .//; ;^--^Wir'il-K#r|-^ ,.j •*••• ■ .".i;«»»*,,i..» ,.W i», _'«>,, < !;& -.1 J*. ^?^. i » • '"''8'' »^.- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 4 // O ■K% /, 1.0 I.I 150 *^" !r 140 2.5 22 2.0 1.8 1.25 1 1.4 1 1.6 M 6" >- V] fl| i '''ffM ' ^1'B '^■1 --3 ^f^n 5,>j -'^iiiflQr ^l^ «»r cook's first VOYAGE"!— for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the IVarld. 55 41 Jc-^. 44 min. of fouth latitude, dnd 1 83 deg. 45 min. of well longitude. And Cape Koamaroo is 41 deg. •^4 min fouth, and in 1 13 deg. 30 min. weft longitude. About nine leagues from the former cape, and under the fame flioie north, is a high ifland, which .the captain called Entry Ifle. We were now facing a deep bay which we called Cloudy Bay. Some of our gentlertien doubting whether Eahicnomauwee was an ifland, we fteered Ibuth-eaft, in order to . lear up this doubt; but the wind ihifting we flood eaftward, and fleered north- caft by eafb all night. The next morning they were off Gape Pallifer, and found that the land ftretchcd away to the north-eaOward of Cape Turnagain. In the afternoon, three canoes came off, having feveral Indians on board. Thcfe made a good appearance, and were ornamented like thofe on the northern coaft. There was no difficulty in perfuading them to come on board, where they demeaned themfelvcs very civilly, and a mutual exchange of prcfents took place. As they afked for nails it was concluiied that they heard of the Kng- lilh, bv means of the inhabitants of fome of the other places at which wc had touched. Their drcfs re- fcmbled that of the natives of Hudfon's Bay. One old man was tataowcd in a very particular manner, he had likcwife a red Ibcak acrofs his nofe ; and his hair and beard were remarkable for their whitenefs. The upper garment that he wore was made of flax, and had a wrought border : under this was a fort of petticoat of a cloth called Aooree Waow. Teeth and green floncs decorated his cars : he fpoke 'n a foft and low kcv, and it Mas concluded, from his deportment, that he was a pcrfoii of diflinguilhed rank among his countrymen, and thefc people withdrew greatly fatislled with the prcfents that they hid received. On the <)th in the morning, we difcovered that Ea'.ii'nomauwce was really an ifland. About fivtv Indians in four double canoes came within a ftonj's throw o'"the Ihip, on the 14th of February. As they furvcved her with furprize, Tupia endeavoured to per- fuade them to come nearer, but this they could not be prevailed on to do. On this account the ifland was de nominated the I (land of l.ookers-on. Five leagues dillant from the coaft ofTovy Poenamoo, we faw an itland which was called after Mr. Banks's name; a few Indians appeared on it, and in one place they dif- covered a fmoke, fo th.it it was plain the place was in- habited. Mr. Banks going out in his boat for the pur- pofeof Ihooting, killed fome of the Port l-'giiiont hens, which were like thofe found on the ille of I'arc, and the firft that they had fccn upon this co:i(K A point of land was obferved on Sunday the :5th in latitude 45 deg. 35 nun. foutii, to which Capt. Cook gave the Jiame ofCa[K' Saunders, in honour of Admiral Saun- ters. We kept oil' from the (liorc, which appeared to be interfperfed w ith trees, and covered w iih green hills, but no inhabitants were difcovered. On the 4th of March, feveral whales and feals were fccn; and on the 9th we faw a ledge of rocks, and foon after another ledge nr three leagues diflance from the lliore, which we palled in the night to the northward, and at day-break nbferved the others under our bows, which W.IS a liirtunaie tl'cape; and in confuleration of their having been fo n.arly caught among thcfe, tluy were denominaied the Trnjis. We called thefouthcrn- molf point of land, the South Cape, and found it to be the foutl'.ern extremity of the wliole coaft. Pro- ceeding nortliwaid, the next day we fell in with a bar- ren rock about liftecn miles from the main lanil, which wn^ very higli, and appeared to be about a mile in circuu'.fercme ; and this was. named Solander's Ilknd. Oj! ilie I (t'l. wc difcovered a bay containing feveral iOands, w here we ccMicluded if there was depth of water, (lupi>it>g might find flicker from all winds. Dulky Bay was the appellation given to it by the captain, and fn ehigh peaked rocks, for w hich it was remarkable, ciufed ilie ^wint to be called live i'ingcrs. The wef- fcnnoft pomt of land I'pon the whole coaft, to the fouthward of Dulky Hay, we called Weft Cape. The ;icxt day we paifed a fmali narrow opening, where there feemed to be a good harbour formed by an ifland) the land behind which exhibited a profpcd of mouii* tains covered with fnow. On the 1 6th, we palled a point which confifted of high red cliffs, and received the nameof Cafcade Point, on account of feveral fmali ftrcams which fell down it. In the morning of the i8th the valleys were obferxccl- covered with fnow as well as the mountains, which feemed to have fallen the night before, when we had rain at fea. Thus we paffed the w hole north-weft coall ' of Tovcy Poenamoo, which had nothing worth our ob- fervation but a ridge of naked and barren rocks covered with fnow, fome of w hich we conjectured might pro- bably have remained there ever fince the creation. As far as the eye could reach, the profpCits were in general wild, craggy, and defolatc ; fcarcely any thing but rocks to Lie fciin, the moft of which Dr. Hawkefvvorth def- cribcs as having nothing but a kind of hollows, and dreadful filllires inftead of valleys between them. From this uncomtbrtablc country we determined to depart,, having failed round the whole country by the 27th of this month. Ca]n. Cook therefore went or, fliore in the long-boat, and having found a place pre per for mooring the Ihip, and a good watering place, the crew began to fill their calks, while the carpenter was cm- ployed in cutting wood. The captain, Mr. Banks, and Dr. Solander, went in the pinnace to examine the bay, and the neighbouring country. Landing there they found feveral plants of a f[)cci"; which was before un- known to them; no inhabitants appeared ; but they faw feveral huts which feemed to have been deferted a long lime before : all the wood and water being taken on board, tlie veffel was ready to fail by the time that they rcturneil in tlie evenuig, and it was now refolvcd at a council of war 10 lieer for the coaft of NewHol- 1 md, in the courfe ot their return by the way of the Eaft-Indics. On the 31ft, we took our departure from an eaftern point of land, to which we gave the name of Cape Farewel, callmg the bay out ol whuh we failed. Admi- ralty Bay; and two capes, Cape Stephens, and Cape Jackli/n, (the names ot the two fccretaries of the .Vdmi- ralty board.) We called a baj' between the iftand and Cape Farewell, Blind Bay, which was fuppofed to have been the fame that was called Murderers Bay, by Taf- niaii, the firft difcovercrof New Zcalind, but though he named it Staten Ifland, wiftiing to take polTeflion of it tor the States General, yet being attacked here by the Indians he never went on fhore to effect his purpofe. This coaft, now ivore accurately examiuetl, is difcovered to conlift of two illands, which were belbre thought to be a part of the fouthern continent io much fought alter. They arc fituate between the 34th and 48th deg. of fouth latitude, and between 181 deg. and 194 deg. weft longitude. The northern illand is called F^aliienomau- wec, and the fouthern is named Tow Poenamoo by the natives. The former, though mountiinous in ibmc places, is ftored with wood, and in every valley there is a rivulet. The foil in thofe valleys is light, but fer- tile and well adapted for the plentiful production of all the fruits, plants and corn of F^irope. The I'ummcr, though not hotter, is in general of a more enual tem- perature than in England; and fioin the xegetabli's that were found here it was concluded, that the winters were not fo fevere. The only ijuadrupetls that were difcovered were dogs and rats, and of the latter very lew, but the former the inhabitants (like thofe of Otaheite) breed for food. There are feals and whales on thecoafts, and we once faw a fea-lion. 'i'lie birds are hawks, owls, quails, and fomenu-lodiousfong birds. There are ducks, and ftiags of feveral Ibrts, like thofe of Europe, and the gannet, which is of the fame lort. .Mbetrolfcs, fticerwaters, penguins, and pintados, all(> \ ilit the coaft. The infects found here arc, butteiilics, Hefti-rties, beetles, fand-flies, and mulliuitos. Tovy Poenamoo is barren and mountainous, and appeared to be almoft deftitute of inhabitants. The fea that waflics thefe iflands abounds w ith delicate and wholelbmc fifti. Whenever the vcilU came to an anchor. ■m** 56 Capt. C O O K'8 VOYAGES COM P I, E T E. . ..'♦"J ./ anchor, enough were caught with hook and line only, to fupply the whole Ihips company;- and when wc finifliecl with nets, every mcfs in the (hip, where the people were induftrious, faked as much as fupplicd them for feveral weeks. There were many forts of filh fierc which we had never before feen, and which the failors named according to their fanties. They weic fold on moderate terms to the crew : among the rclV, fifti like the (katc, eel:;, congers, oyfters, flat-fiih refcm- bling foios and flounders, cockles and various forts of ni.ickarcl were found in abundance upon the cial\. Merc are fbrells abounding with trees, producing largi', limit and clean timber. One tree about the fr/.c of our oak, was diflinguifhed by a fcarlet flower, compofcd of feveral fibres, and another which grows in fwampy ground, very ftrait and tall, bearing fiunU bun- cIks of berries, and a leaf refcmbling that of the yew- tree. About 400 fpecics of plants were found, all of which are unknown in England, except garden nii;iK- Ihade, fow thiftle, two or three kinds of fern, and one or two forts of grafs. We found wild celery, and a kind of crcffe.*, in great abundance, on the fca-fhorc ; and of eatable plants raifed by cultivation, only cocoas, yams, and fwcot potatoes. There arc phmations of many acres of thtfe yams and potatoes. The inh-ibitants likewife cukivaie the gourd ; and the Chincfc paper nnilbcrry-trce is to be found, but in no abundance. In New Zealand is only one flirub or tree, which pro- duces fruit, which is a kind ofbcrry almoft ta'.lclefs ; but they have a plant « hich answers all the ufcs of hempandHax. TKc-re .■.;o i.vo kindsof th s pliiit, the leaves of one of which arc yellow, and the other a deep red, and both of them refcinblc the leaves o!' t\ •Jj'i. Of thcle leaves they make lip.e^and '-or.ia'^e :'.:id ni'i-h Wronger than any thing of the knui in luiropc. Thcle leaves thev likewife fpiit into bieadtiis, and rving the flips togtihcr, form their filhing nets. Their coM'inon aj'parcl, by a finiple proctfs, is made from the kaves, and their liner, by another preparation, is made fi \\\ the fibres. This plant is found both in high anJ low pvound, in dry mould and in deep bogs ; but as it grows largtfl in the latter, that feems to be its proper foil. TI1C natises arc as Iirgc as the largeft Europeans. Their complexion ib brown, but little m. refothan that of a Spaniard. They are full of tlelh, but not lazy and luxurious ; and are lloiit and well fliaped. The women poU'elbn^tthnt delicacy, which dillinguithcs the European l.ulies ; but tlicir voice chiefly diUinguilhes them from t'.e men. The men arc active in a hiizh drgrce ; their lt;iir is bi.iek, and their teeth are white nn.l t\en. The fe.iturescf both fexes are regular; they ti\]o\ p< rfei't hie.ihh, and live to an;ui\ance.l age. They appealed to he of a gentle dilpoliiion, and treat each other viith the uunoll kindneis ; but they are per- petually at war, every little diflrict being at enmity \\hh all I he reft. This is ouing, molt probably, to the \\ant of t"i.it (lead to the foftcr imprelTtons ; but their mode of confent was in their idea as harmiefs as the content to marri.ige with us, and equally bindmg for the llipu- l,!;cd titrve. If any of the iMiglilh aildrelfed one ot their vKimen, he was informctl, that the confent of her friends irijfi be obtained, whiih ufually followed, on his ma- king a pielent. This done he was obliged to treat his tt iiipoiary wile as delicately as hc do in England, A geniteman who liiiled in the Endeavour, having ad- dfcifed a family of foine rank, received an anfwer, of which the following is an exact tranflation. " Any of " thefe young ladies will think themfelvcs honoured by " your addrefies, but you mull firft make mc a prffent, " and you mult then come and fleep with us on fliorc, " for day-light mull by no means be a witnefs of what " pafles between you." Thefe Indians anoint their hair with oil melted from the fat of filh or birds. The poorer people ufe that which is rancid, fo that they fmell very tiifagrecablc ; but thofc of fupcrior rank make ufe of that which is frelh. I'hcy wearcoinbs both of bone and wixid, which is cont'ulered as an ornaiiuiu when lluck upright in the hair. The mcii tie their hair in a ounch on the crown of the hcail, and adorn it with feathers of birds^ which they likewise fomctimes pl.icc on each lide of the temples. They commonly wear ihort beards. The hair of the women fomctimes flows over their Ihoulders, and fometimes iscutlliort. Both fexcs, hut tlic men moreth?n the women, mark their bodies with black llain^, called Amoco. In general the womi'n ilain only the lijjs but fometiires mark other parts with black patches: the men on inc contrary ptit on addi- tional marks froio year to year, fo that thofc w ho arc very ar.cient are alinolt covered. Excliifive of the amoco, they maik themlelvcs with furrows. Thofc furrows m.T-le a ludeous appearance, the eilpes being iiui'r.rixl, and tl^c wliole quite black. The ornimeius of the !a-eiiie drivn in ifie fj)iral firm with equal clc- gm. e and conccli;e!'s, both cheeks beinrr marked ex- a^dy alike; while j:ai!itino3 on their Iwdies rcfcn.bic f.!! igiee work, and the f ^liaj^^c in old ciiafed orn:imcnis ; li It no two l.tces or boJic'i aiC(.)aintcd exactly alter the fame model. The people of New Zealand, frequently lelL tl'.e breech .neefrom thefe marks, which the inha- bitanti of Otiheirc adorned beyond any other. Thefe Indians likewile paint their bodies by rubbing them with r«l ocre, either dry or mixed with oil. Their diefs is formed of the leaves of the fl.ag fplit in;o flips, which are interwoven and made into a kind of matting, the ends, which are feven or eight inches in length.hanging out on the upper fide. One piece of this matting being tied over the fliouldcrs, reaches to the knees : the other (liei.e being wrapped round the wailT fills almo" to the ground. 'Ihcfe two pieces arc faftcned to a firing, which by means of abodkm ofbone is palled through, and tacks them together. The men wenr the louer "rirment only at particular times. Th;-\ have two kinds of cloth befidcs the coarfc matting or ihag ahuvc-mentioned ; one of which is as coarfe, but be\ond all proportion llronger than the l'',n"^IHlic>m\.is; the other which is formed of the fibre* of a pl.int, ilrawn into threads which ciofs and bind each other, refe:nbles the matting on which wc place our (lillies at table. They make borders of different colours to both thefe forts of cloth, refcmbling girls famplcrs and finiflicd w ith great nea'dcfs and elegance. What they conlider a* ll'.e mod ornamental part of their cirefs is the fur of dogs, which they cut into llripes, and few on difle- rent parts of their appa.Tl. As dogs are not plenty, they difpofe their (Iripcs with ovi.iVjmy. They have a lew drelfe-. (iin.ancnred with leathers ; and one man w;'.s f'.:a\ covered v, h<:lly with tb.ofe of the red parrot. 'I'he woir.cn n.-ver tie their hair on the top of their head, noradmn it with leaihiii; and arc kfs anxiouj about drcfs than the men. 'fhcir lower g.armcnt is bound tight round them, cxt ept when they go out fi'Ving, and then they are careful that the men lliallnoc fee them. It once hapiicued that liuue of ihc fliip's crew fiirprifed them in this fituation, w hen fome of them hid themfehes among the rocks. and the rell kept their bOvlies under witer till they had' formed a girdle and apron of weeds; and tliclr whole beluvour manifeflt-d the mofl refined ideas of female modelly. The ears of both fexcs were bored, and the holes ftrctched lb as to admit a man's linger. The orna- ments of dicir ear; arc feathers, cloth, l)ones, and Ibme- times bits of wjoJ ; a great many of them made ufe of ■<* ur, having ad- i an anfwer, of ion. " Any of ^'cs honoured by ce nic a prflent, ith us on fliorc, kvitnefs of whac lil melted from jeopie life that ry difagreeablc; 1' that which is id wood.Hhitli jck upriglit in a ounch on the cathcis of birds* on each lidc r ll.ort beards, ows over their Doih fcxcs, but icir bodies vith ral the uomt'n atlicr parts uith y p«t on addi- th;)("c who arc xdufive of the Jrrows. Thofe ic edpcs being The onvimnus with equal clc- np: marked cx- v)dies refcn.bic fed ornnineiiis; xactiy after tiic land, frequently hich the inha- othcr. Thefe rubbing them oil. f the flag fplie ide into a kind jr eight inche* Ic. One piece ulders, reaches pped round the two pieces arc bodkin of bone ogethcr. The ticular tiniei. des the coarfc of which is as nger than the cd of the fibre* lofs and bind hich we place •s to both thefe s and finiilied hey conlidcr as "s is the fur of few on dift'e- are not plenty, . Ihey have ;ind one man • retl j)arr()t. le top of their re lei's anxiouj 'cr garment is n they go out .' men Ihall not L- of the lliip's :ifomeof thcni rell kept their i a girdle and lur nianifclkd HH y\\\\m ^■V-i •^ ^-J I - and the holes r. The orna- nes, and Come- \ein made ufe of i i' II ^ '0e ':it-'f ' .JiLl. 'iji'.,fi!j' I --■■''■■■ :.-i- my •J.>Uf. ■■"^ms^ '■M'f0:'W^ ■s.- i;h' •ft', ■'f ,,,( J- , '.tMTm ' JwB ' H '"■ Wi J m 1 COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Difiovaivs in the Souih Seas & Round the World. 57 of the naiU which were given them by the Engiilli, for this purjwre, and the women foinetimcs adorned their cars with white down of the albctrofs, which they fprcad before and behind the whole in a large bunch. They likewifc hiinj^ to their ears by firings, chilTels, bodkins, the teeth of dop, and the teeth and nails of their deccafcd fiitnds. The arms and antk-s of the won. are adorn -d with Hit-ils and bones, or any thing elfe tliroiigh which they can pais a (Iring. The men wear a piece of green talc or whalebone, with the rcfemblancc of a man carved on it, han^.ing to a llring round the neck. Wc faw one man who had the griftle of his nofc perforated, and a feather palled through it, projcdinf^ over each cheek. Thcfc people flicw Icfs ingenuity in the ftrudurc cf their houfcs, than in any thing elfe belongmg to them j they arc from lixtccn to twenty-four feet long, ten or twelve w ide, and fix or eight in height. The frame is of flight fticks of wood, and the walls and roof arc made of dry grafs pretty firmly compacted. Some of them are lined with bark of trees, and the ridge of the houfe is formed by a pole which runs from one end to the other. 'I'hc dm»r is only high enough to admit a perfon crawling on hands and knees, and the roof is^ Hoping. There is a fquarc hole near the door, ferving both for window and chimney, near vhith is the (in place. A plank is placed over the door, adorned with a fort of carving, .- id this they conlidcr as an orna- menral piece of furniture. The fide-walls and r< o pnjccting two or three feet beyond the walls at each n 1 form a fort of portico where benches aie pla.id to lit on. The fire is made in the middle of a hollow fquare in the ttcor, which is inclofed with wiiod or fionr. They deep near the walls, where the gro;:nd iscosercd with ftraw for their beds. Some «ho can atibrd it, whofe families arc large, have three or four houfes, in- clofed in their court-yard. Their clothes, arms, fea- thers, fome ill m^de tools, and a chell, in which .dl thefe arc depofited, form all the furniture of the inlidc of the houfc. Their hammers to beat fern-root, gourds to hold water, and balkets to contain provifions, arc placed without the houfc. One houfe was found near 40 feet long, 20 wide, and 14 high. Its fides were adorned with carved planks of workman'hip fuperior to the reft; but the building aj.peared to nave been left uniinilhcd. Though the people deep warm enough at home, they feciii to defpile the inclemency of the weather, when they go in Icarch of lilh or fern-roots. Soinetimcs, indeed, incy pl.ue a fiuall defence to wind- ward, but frciiuently deep undreffed with their arms placed round them, w ithout the leaft flKltcr whatever. Bcfides the fern-rout, wiiich fervcs them for bread, they feed on allx'troiles, penguins, and fome other birds. Whatever they e.it is either roalkd or baked, as they have no veifd in which water can be boiled. We faw no plantations of cocoas, potatoes, and yams, to the fouihvard, thou|;h there were many in the northern parts. The natives drmk no other liquor than water, and enjoy pcrfci't and uninterrupted health. When wounded in bairle, the wound heals ina very fltort time without the application of medicine; and the very old people carry no other maks of decay about them than the lofs of their hair, and teeth, and a failure of their mulcular ftrcngth : but enjoy an equal fliarc of health and ehe.nrfuhiels w ith the youngcft. The canotsof this country are not unlike the whale- boats of New I'.ni^land, being long and narrow. The larger fort fetm to be built for war, and will hold from 30 to too men. One of thefe at Tolaga nicafured near 70 feet in length, fix in width, and four in depth. It was fliarp at the bottom, and confilled of three lengths, about two or three inches thick, and tied firmly toge- ther with ftrong plaiting; each fide was found of one entire plank, about twtTve inches broad, and about an inch and a half thick, which was fitted to the bottom part with equal Ihcpgth and ingenuity. Several thwarts were laid from one fide to the other, to which they were fecurcly faftcned, in order to ftrcngdicn the canoes. Some few of their canoes at Mercury Bay and Opooragc,. are all made entirely of one trunk of wood, . •^'o. 7- which is tii.ade hollow by lire; but by fir the greater part arc built after the plan abnvi ikfciihed. 'l"he finaller boats which arc ulcd chietly in tilling, are adorned at head and ftern with the figure ofa man, the eyes of which are compol'ed of white Ihells : a tonj.^uo of enormous (izc, is thruft out of the mouth, and the whole face a pidlure of the nioll abfolute deformity. The grander catioci, whu h arc intended fur war, are ornamented with open work, and eoxeied with frinj.',es (if black feathers, whii'i gives the whciean airof per- fed elegance; the fidc-boarils which are cnr\ed in a rude manner, are cmbellilhed v.ith tui'ts of white fea- thers. Thefe vcdlls arc rowed with a kind of paddies, between five and fix feet in length, th.e blade of which is a long oval, gradually decrealing till it reaches the handle; and the velocity with which they row with thefe paddles is very furprifing. Their fails are com- pofed of a kiu'iof mat or netting, which is extended between two upright poles, one of which is fixed on each fide. Two ropes, fadened to the top of each pole, ferve inrtead of fiicets. '1 he vefl'els arc dccred by two men having fuch a paddle, and fitting in the dern; but they can only fail before the wind, in which diredion they move with confidcrable fwiltnefs. Thefe Indians ufe axes, adzes, and chilfel'!, with which lad they likewifc bote holes. The chiirds are made of jafper, or of the bone of a man's arm ; their ixe:; and adzes of a hard black done. They ufe their iinall jafper tools till they arc blunted, and then throw them away, having no inUrument to Iharpcn them w ith. The Indians at Tolaga having been prefcnted with a piece of glafs, drilled a hole through it, and hung it round the neck. A fiiiall bit of jalper was thought to have been the tool they ufed in drilling it. Their tillage is excellent, owing to th^ ncccdlty they are under of cultivating or running the rifque of ftarv- ing. At Tegadoo their crops were jull put into the ground, and the furface of the tield was as fmooth as a garden, the roots wtre ranged in regular lines, and to every root there remained a hillock. A long narrow Itake, Iharpened to an edge at bottom, with a piecu fixed acrofs a little above it, for the convenience of driving it into the ground with the foot, fiipplies the place both of plough and Ipade. The foil being light, their work is not very laborious, and with this infirii- mcnt alone they w ill turn up ground of fix or fcvcii acres in extent. The feine, the large net which has been already no- ticed, is produced by the united labour, and is proba- bly the joint projierty of a whole town. Their fifli- hooks are of Ihcll or bone; ane! they have bafkets of wicker-work to hold the lilh. Their warlike weapons are fpears, darts, battle-axes, and the patoo-patoo. The fpcar, which is pointed at each end, is about fix- tecn feet in length, and they hold it in the middle, ^a that it is dilhcult to parry a pulh from it. Whether they fight in boats or on ihore the battle is hand to hand, ^o that they muft make bloody work of it. They trull chicHy in the patoo-patoo, which is faftcned to their wrifts, by means of a ftrong ftrap, that it may not be w refted out of their hands. Thefe are worn in the girdles of people ofa fuperior rank, as a military ornament. They have a kind of ftatt' of diftindioii, which is'carried by the principal warriors. It is formed of a whale's rib, is quite white, and adorned with carving, feathers, and the hair of their dogs. Some- times they had a ftick fix feet long, inlaid w ith fliells", and otherw ifc ornamented like a military ftatf. This honourable mark of diftindion was commonly in the hands of the aged, who were alfo more daubed with the amoco. When they came to att.ick us, one or more of thefe old men thus diftinguiflicd, were ufually in each canoe. It is their cuftom to ftop about 50 or 60 yards from a (hip, when the chiefs rifing from their feat, put en a dog's fkin garment, and, holding out their decorated ftart", dircd them how to proceed. When they were too far from the (hip to reach it with their mifTile wea- pons, then the defiance was given, and the words ufually were Karomai, haromai, harre uta a patoo-pa- JP too. i8 Capt. COOK '8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. m too. " Come on (liore, come on (hore, and wc will kill you all with our patoo patoos." While they thus threatened u«, they approached gradually the bark, till clofe along-fide ; yet talking at intervals in a peaceabK- manner, and anfwcring whatever quefliens \vc utkcd them. Then again their menaces were renewed, till encouraged bv our fuppofed timidity, they began the war-fong ana dance, the fure prelude of an attack, M hich always followed, and fometimes continued imtil the firing of fmall fliot rcpulfed them i but atothci., they vented their paiTion, by throwing a few Hones at the (hip, in the way of infulting us. The contortions of thefe favage Indians arc nume- rous ; their limbs are dilWted, and their faces are agitated with ftrangc convulfive motions. Their tongue hangs out of their mouths to an ama/.ing length, and their eye-lids arc drawn fo as to form ;'. circle round the eye. At the fame time they Ihake their darts, brandiih their fpears.and wave their patoo- pacoos to and fro in the air. There is an admirable vigour and adivity in their dancing ; and in their fong they keep time with fuch exartnefs, that 6o or loo paddles when (\ruck againll the fides of their boats at once, make only a fingle report. In times of peace they fometimes ling in a H#iner rcfembling the war- Jong, but the dance is omitted. The women, whofe voices are exceeding melodious and foft, ling likewife in a mufical, but mournful manner. One of their in ftruments of mufic is a Ihell, from which they produce a found not unlike that made with a coiiuuon horn ; the other is a fmall wcKxlcn pipe, rcfembling a child's nine-pin, not lupcrior in found to a child's whifllc We never heard them attcii pt to fing to ihcm, oi t" produce any incafured noti-s like what we call a tune. As to the horrid cuftom of" eating human Helh, pre- valent among them, to what li.i^ been already faid on this head, we ihall only add, that in moll of the coves, upon landing, we found near rhe plat v-^ wheri." fires had been made, fledi bones of m< n ; and among the hc;u) that were brought on board, fome of them had a k,,.d of falfe eyes, and ornaments in their ears, as if al,»e The head purchafed by Mr. Hanks, and fold wiih great rcliidance, was th.U of a young perfon, and, I), thi tontulions on one fide, appeared to have received inan\ violent bloMs. There had been lately a ikirmilli, .inii we fuppofcd the young man had been killed with the rcfl. The hippahs or villages of thefe people, of which there are fevcral between the bay of Plenty and Queen Charlotte's found, are all fortified. In thefe they con (lafitiy rtlide; but near Tolaga, Hawk's Hay, and Po- verty Hay, only fmgle houfcs are to be fccn, at a coii- fidcnlile dilhiire from each other. On the fides of the hills were erected lon;^ Hages, fupplied with darts and llonci, thought by u.s to be retreats in time of ,, iion; as it api)e:iieii that from fuch places they coukl combat with their entinies to great advantage. A inagizilie ol provitioiis, confilling of dried fi(h, and fern roots, wasalfo difcovered in thefe fortifications. The inhabitants of this part of the country were all lubjectb of Teratu, w ho relided near the bay of Plenty ; and to their being thus united under one chief, they owed a fecurity unknown to thofe of other parts. Se- veral inferior governors are in the dominions of Teratu, to whom the moll implicit obedience is paid. One of the inhabitants having robbed a failor belonging to the liideavour, complaint was made toa chief, who chaf- lized the thief by kicking and ftriking him, which corrcdlion he bore with unrelifting humility. The in- habit.-mts of the fouthern parts formed little focieties, who had all things in common, particularly filhingnets and line apparel. The latter, probably obtained in w jr, were kept in a little hut, deuined for that ufe, in th« center of the town, and the feveral parts of the nets, beiiiy made by different families, were after- wards joined together lor public ufe. Lefs account, in the opinion of 'I'upia, is made of the women here than in the South Sea iflands. Both fexes eat together; but how they divide their labour, we cannot determine with certainty, though wc arc inclined to believe that the men cultivate the ground, make nets, catch birds, and go out in their canoes to filli i while the women are em- (iloye talked together with great emo- tion, and each of thcni held one of the above mcntion- rd weaiMins. The lliip having come to an anchor, we i)bfi.r\cd a feu huts, in which were fome of the natives; .md faw fonif canoes, in each of which was a man em- plo\til ill (Iriking (ilh with a kind of fpcar. We had a iH hori d oppolite a village of about eight houfcs, and obfcived an old woman and three children come out of a wood, laden with fuel for a fire ; they were met by ihice linallcr children, all of whom, as well as the wo- iiun, were quite naked. The old woman frequently l(H)ked at the Ihip w ith the utmoft indifference, and, as foon as (lie had made a tire, the fifhcrmcn brought their (unoes on fliore, and they fet about d re fling their diniurwithas much compofure, as if a fliip hadbecn no ixtiaoidinary light. Having formed a dcfign of landing, wc niannecT the boats, and took Tupia with u>, and we had no fooner come near the (hore, than two menadv.wKcd, as if to difpule our fctting foot on land. They were each of them armed with different kinds of weapons. They called out aloud in a harfh tone, warm w-aria wai ! the meaning of which Tupia did not under- ffand. The captain threw them beads, nails, and other tritks, which they took up, and fcemed very well pleafed with. lie then made lignals that he wanted water, and ufid every poffible means to convince them that no injury was intended. They made figns to the boat's cicw to land, on which we put the boat in, but we had no foonci done fo, than the two Indians came again to Qj^pofe us. A mufquet was now fired between them, on tlie report of which, one of them dropped a bundle of lances, which he immediately fnatchcd up again in great halfe. One of them then threw a ffone at the boat, on which the captain ordered a mufquet loaded with fmall fliot to be fired, which wounding the eldcft of them on the legs, he retired haftily to one of the houlls, that Hood at fomc httlc diA^/icc. The people ir the boats how landed, imagining that the wound which this man had received would put an end to the conteff. In this, however, we were mi (hi ken, for he imijicdiately returned with a kind of thield, of an oval figure, painted white in the miildle, with two holes in it to fee through. Thiy now advanced with great intreiiitliiy, and both difcliarged their lances at the boat's crew, but did not wound .my of them. Another mufquet was fired at them, on which they threw another laiue, and then took to their heels. We now went up to the huts, in one of which we found the children, who had fecret^ J thcmfclves behind fome bark^ We lookcil at i .cm, but left them without its being known wc had fccn them, and h.iving thrown fcveral pieces of cloth, rib- bands, beads, and other things into the hut, wc took fcvcnilof their lances, and then rcimbarked in the boat. 'I'he canoes on this coaft were about 13 fcrt in length, each made of the bark of a fingic tree, tied up at the ends, and kept open in the middle by the means of (Inks placed acrofs them ; their paddles were very fmall, and two were ufcd at a time. We now failed to the north point of the bay, and found plenty of frclb water. On taking a view of the hut where we had (ein the children, we had the morti- fication to find that every Indian was (led, and that they had left all the prefents behind them. The cap- tain now went in the pinnace to infpccl the bay, and law fcveral of the natives, who all fled as he appioached them. Some of the men having been fent to get wood and water, they no ffe, for they re- tired bel<)re he lame up to them. In the cening, MefiVs. Banks and Solandcr, went with the captain tc» a cove north of the bay, where they caught between three and four hundred weight of fifli, at four hauls. On Monday the 30th, the natives came down to the huts before it was light, and were repeatedly heard to flunit very loud, and foon after day-brcak they were fccn on the beach, but quickly retired about a mile, and kindled fcveral fires in the woods. This day fome of the fliip's crew being employed in cutting grafs at a diO.ance from the main body, while the natives pur- fuedthem, but flopping within fifiy or (ixty yards of them, they fliouted fcveral times, and retreated to the woods. In the evening they behaved exactly in the fanu; manner, when the captain followed thim alone and unarmed for fome time, but they flill retired as he approached. On Tuefday, May the firft, the fouth point of the bay was named Sutherland Point, one of the feamcn of the name of Sutherland, having died that day, was buried on fliore ; and more prelcnts were left in the huts, fuchas looking-glafles, combs, &;c. but the for- mer ones had not been taken away. Making an cx- curfion about the country, wc found it agreeably varie- gated with wood and lawn, the trees being fliait and tall, and without underwood. The country might be cultivated without cutting down one of them. The grafs grows in large tufts, almofl clofe to each othcc, and there is a great plenty of it. In this excurlion, we met with nuny jnaces where the inhabitants had ne[)t without flielter, and one man, who ran away the moment he beheld us. More prefents were left in their huts, and at their fleeping-places, in hopes of producing a friendly intercourfc. Wc faw the dung of an animal which fed on grafs, and traced the foot'-fleps of another, which hadcuws like a dog, and wasalKXit t' zc of a wolf: alfo the track of a fmall animil, ,.;-',• foot was like that of a pole-cat; cnil faw one 11 • r i| alive, about the fr/e of a rabbit. Wc found li.,:\. vood that had been fcUcd, and the bark flript ofl" COOK'g FIRST VOYAGE — for making Difcovcrics in the South Seat & Round the World, (n wounil which to the lontcft. c inimciliatcly i(2;>irc, paintcil [ollc ihroiigh. ity, iind both I',' but (lid not : \\as fircU at ncc, and then to thi- huts, in >o had fccretv J oktd at I.. cm, ) wc had fccn of cloth, rib- c hut, wc took kcd in thiboat. 7 fcrt in length, ', tied up at the )y ihc means of dies were very of the hay, and ip a view of the c had the niorti- is (led, and that lem. The cap- ccl the bay, and IS JK-appioadicd Cent to get wood boaixl lo diiyicr, •e, and examined id not oiler to rc- on lliorc in the all armed, ad- thein, and then • ;ippraichrd ftill T olheer on Ihore, n his hands, and , to allure them of jx>fe, for they re- in the evening, ith tlic captain to y caught betw ccn 1, at four hauls, aine down to the pcatcdly heard to break tliey were about a mile. This day foine in cuitini? grafs at the natives pur- , or lixty yardu of id retreated to the ed exactly in the 1 lowed thtm alone Hill retired as he Jnuth point of the IK- of the feamen .lied that day, was ts were left in the &:c. hut the for- Making an ex- it agreeably \aric- ■s being Ihait and country might be le of them. The lofe to each other. In this excurllon, ,jc inhabitants had who ran away the fents were left in >laces, in hopes of Se. faw the dung of •accd the foot-fteps log. and was alwut of a fmall animil, ;-cat ; tnd faw one ■abbit. Wc found the bark ftript otj" • \-- by by the natives, and feveral growing trees, in which llcps had been cut, for the convenience of afccnding them. The woods abound with a vaft variety of beautiful birds, among which were cockatooes, and parroqucts, which flew in large Hocks. The fccond lieutenant, Mr. Gore, having been with a boat in orlcr to drudge for oyftcrs, faw fome Indians, who made figni for him to come on fliorc, whirh he declined: having finiflied his bufincfs, he fent the boat away, and went by land with a midfliipman, to join the partv that was getting water. In their way they met with more than lo of the natives, who followed them fo clofc as to come within a few yards of them; Mr, Gore ftopped and faced them, on which the Indians ftoppcd alfo, and when he proceeded aj,',a n, they followed hnu i but they did not attack him though they had each man a lance. The Indians coming m fight of the water-calks, ftood at the dilhnce of a quarter of a mile, while Mr. (jore and his companions reached their (hip- mates in fafcty. Two or three of the waterers now advanced towards the Indians, but obferving they did not retire, they very imprudently turned about, and retreated haftily : this apparent fign of cowardice infpired the favages, who dilchargcd four of their lances at the fugitives, which flying beyond them, they efcapcd unhurt. They now ftopped to pick up the lances •, on which the Indians retired in their turn. At this inflant the captain came up with MclTrs. Banks and Solander, and Tupia ad- vancing made figns of friendlhipi but the poor na- tives would not ftay thi < coming up to them. On the following day they wenr .■ ain on fliore, where many plants were collerted by IJr. Solander, and Mr. Banks. They faw feveral paries of the Indians, who all ran away on their approach. Tupia having learnt to ftioot, frequently ftaycd alone to (hoot parrots, and the Indi- JU1S condanrly fled away from him with as much pre- cipiution as from the Engliih. On the 3d of May, fourteen or fifteen Indians, in the fame nun\bcr of ca- noes, were engaged in ftriking filli w ithin half a mile of the watering-place. At this time a party of the fliip's crew were Ihooting near the fifhermen, one of whom Mr. Banks obfcrvcd to haul up his canoe on the beach, and approach the people who were (hooting. He watched their motions unobferved by them, for more than a quarter of an hour, then put otf his boat and re. turned to his filhing. At this time the captain, with Dr. Solander and another gentleman, went to the head of the bay to try to form fome connexion with the In- dians. On their firll landing they found feveral of the Indians on fliorc, who immediately retreated to their canoes, and rowed oflf. They went up the coun- try, where they found the foil to be a deep black mould, which appeared to be calculated for the production of any kind of grain. They faw fome of the fineft meu dows that were ever beheld, and met with a few rocky places, the flonc of which is fandy, and fecmed to be admirably adapted for building. In the woods they found a tree bearing cherries, it fhapc and colour may intitle them to that name, the juice of which was a- ?jrecably tart. They now returned to their boat, and ireing a fire at a diltancc, rowed towards it ; but the Indians fled at their coming near them. Near the beach they found fevcn canoes, and as many fires, from which they judged that each fifherman had drcfled his own dinner. There were oyflcrs lying on the fpot, and fome mufclcs roufling on the fire. They ate of thefe fi(h, aiul left them fome beads and other trifles in return. They now returned to the fliip, and in the evening Mr. Banks went out with his gun, and faw a great number of quails, fome of which he fliot.and they proved to be the fame kind as thofe of England. On the following day a midlhipman having flayed from his companioni,came fuddenly to an old nian and wo- man, and fome children, who wjcre fitting naked under a tree together : they feemcd afraid of him, but did not run away. The man wore a long beard, and both he b.".d the wonten were grey-headed ; but the woman's hair was cut Ihort. This day likewife, two of another party met with fix Indians on the border of a wood, one of whom calling out very loud, a lance was thrown No. 7. from u wood, whieh narrowly mifledthim. The In- dians now ran otf, and, in looking rouiul they law a • youth defcend from a tree, who had doubilcfs been placed there fi)r the purpofe of throwing the lanre at them. This day the captain went up the country orl the north fide of the bay, which he lound to refcmhle the moory grounds of England ; but the land was thinly covered with plants alxiut 16 inches high. The hills rife gradually behind each other, for a conliderahle diftance, and between rhcm is marfliy ground. 'I'hofe w ho had been fent out to filh this day, met with great fuccels, and the fecond lieutenant llruck a lilli called the Stingray, which weighed near two hundicd and fifty pounds. The next moming a filh of the fame kind was taken, which weighciT three hundred uiul fifty pounds. The name of Botany Hay was gistu to this place from the large number of plants collected by Meflrs. B»nks and Solander. This country pro- duces two kinds of wood which mav he deemed lim- ber, one of which is tall and flrait like the pine, and the other it hard, heavy, and dark-coloured, like lig- num vitx i it yields .1 red gum, like dragon's blood, and bears fome refemblance '-I the Etigliflioak. There are mangroves in abundanc , icveral kinds of palm, and a few Ihrubs. Among other kinds of birds, crows wcp; found here, exaiitly like thofe of England. Thev;; is great plenty of water-fowls, among the flats of fand ancl mua ; one of which is fliaped like a pelican, is larger than a fwan, and has black and white feathers. Thefe banks of mud abtnind with cockles, irulllcs, oyllers, and other rtiell-filh, which greatly contribute towards the fupport of the natives, w ho fometimes drc fs them on fliore, and at other times in their canoes. They likewife taught many other kinds of filh with hooks and line. While the captain remained in the harbour, the En- gliih colours were difplaycd on (liore, daily, and the name of the fliip, with the date of the year, was carved on a tree near the place where we took in our water. On Sunday the 6th of May, at noon, we failed from Botany Bay, and at noon, were otf a harbour, which was called Port Jackfon, and in the evening, near a bay, to which we gave the namf of Broken Bay. The next day at noon, the northernmoft land in light pro- jcdled u) as to julhfy ine calling it Cape Three Points. On Wcdnefday the 9th. we faw two exceeding beauti- ful rainbows, the colours of which were flrong and lively, and thofe of the inner one fo bright, as to reflect its Ihadow on the w ater. They forniccTa complete fe- micirclc, and the fpace between them was much darker than the rdl of the Iky. On Thurfday we pafled a rocky point, which was named Point Stc- . phens. Next day faw fmoke in Icveral places on fliore, and in the evening difcovered three remarkable high hills near each other, which the captain named the Three Brothers. They lie in latitude 3 1 deg. 40. min. and may be Icen thirteen or fourteen leagues from the Ihore. Sunday, the 13th, wc faw the fmoke of fires, on a a point of land, which was therefore called Cape Smokey. As wc proceeded from Botany Bay, north- ward, the land appeared high and well covered with wood. In the afternoon, wc difcovered fome rocky iflands between us and the land, the fouthcrmoft of which is in latitude 30 deg. 10 min. and the northcr- moft in 29 deg. 58 min. On Tuefday morning, by theafllflancc of our glafli;s, wedifcemedaboui aTcorc of Indians, each loaded with a bundle, which we ima- gined to be palm leaves for covering their houfes. We traced them for more than an hour, during which time they took not the leaft notice of the fhip ; at length they left the beach, and were loft behind a hill, which they gained by a gentle afcent. At noon, ered, that the land w;w covered with j\ilm-iuit-trccs, none of which we had fcvn (ince wc had quitted the iflands within the vropic. On the ijj i.irlyinthe .norning, Cai)t. Cook attended by ftveral gentlemen, and 'lupia, went on lliorc to ex;t- iiiinc the countr\. The wind blew fo frelli, and wt loimd it fo cold, that being at fome didanec from the H'.ore, we tix)k with us our cloaks. We landed a lit- tle within the point of a bay, which led into a large lagoon, by the lidcH of which grows the true mangrove, fich as is found in the Well-Indies, as it docs alfo on jbme bogs, and fwamps of fait water whiih we difm- \cred. in thefe mangroves were many nefts of ant.' of a lingular kind, brinjr as green as grafs. When the bi-anches were moved, they came fonh in great num- bers, and bit the diflurbcr moft feverely. Thefe trees likcwifc atfordcd flielter for immcnfe numbers of green caterpillars, wh«ife ImxIIcs were covered with hairs, which, on the touch, occafioncd a pain fmiilartothe lling ol a nettle, but much more acute. Thefe infects were ranged fide by lidc on the leaves, thirty or forty together, in a regular manner. Among the fand-banks wc faw birds larger than fwan.s, which we imagined were pelicans; and iliot a kind of buftard, which weighed fc\eiitcen pounds. This bird proved very de- licate food, on which account wc named this bay Buf- " lard B.iy. We liktwife (hot a duck of a moll beautiful plumage, w ith a \v lute beak. W« found an abundance of oydcrs, of various forts, and among the red fome ham- mer oyflers of a curious kind. The country here is much worfc thin that about Botany Bay, the foil being dry and flm Jy, but the fides of the hills arc covered with trees, which grow feparatcly without tinderwood. Wc faw the tree that yicld.s a gum like thcfiiigiiis (friuxii/f, but the leaves arc longer than the fame kind of trees in other parts, and hang down like thofe of a weeping willow. While wc were in the woods, feveral of the natives took a furvey of the fliip ai)d then departed. Wc faw on lliorc fires in many places, and repairing tc) on.' of thtm, found a do/en burning near them. The people were gone, but had left foinc Ihclls and bones of filli they had jufl eaten. Wc perceived likewife feve- ral pieces of foft bark about t! c length and breadth of?i man, which wc judged had been ufed as beds. The whole was in a thicket of clofe trees, which alibrded good llicltcr from the wind. This kind of encamp- ment wns in a thicket well defended from the wind. The place fcemcd to be much trodden, and as there was no appearance of a lioufe, it was imagined that they (pent their nights, as well .is their days in the open air: oven Tupia fliook his head, and exclaimed, Taata Fno^ ! " Poor V\ retches !" On 'l"hurfd:iy,the i.jth, we made fail ont of the bay, and on the day fjllowing were a-breail of a point, which being immediately under the tropic, the captain named Cape Capricorn on the well fide whereof wc faw an ama/ing nainber 01 large bird.; refembling the pelican, fonu; of uliich were near five feet high. We now anchond in twelve fathom water, having the iTiiiin land ar.d barren illanJs in a m.inner all round us. Sunilay, the ^'/tli, wc 11(mJ between the range of .ilniod barren ill.iiids, ami the main land, which .ip- pcarcd mountainous. We hnd here very (hallow wa- ter, and anchored in (ixtccn feet, which was not more than the (l.ip drew. Mr. Bank-s tried to filh from the cabin windows, but the water was too (hallow. The ground indeed was covered with crabs, which greedily fci/.rd the bait, and held it till they were aljovc water. Thifc crabs were of two kin.ls. One of a very fine blue, w ith a w hite belly ; and the orhcr niTkcd with blue on the joints, and having three brown (pots on the back. On MonJay, the 2Xth, in the morning, we failed to the northward, and to the northermoft point of land wc gave the name of Cape Manifold, from the num- ber of hij;h hills appearing above it. Between this cape and the (hore is a bay which we called Keppel's, and to feveral illands, wc gave the name of the fame admiral. Thi"; ilay being deiermined to keep the main land dole aboard, \»hich tonrinucd to trend away to the V. etl, we got among another tliilterof illands. Here we weie greatly aintmcd, havin;;on afuddcn but three fathom water, in a ripling tide; wc iinniediatelv pur the lliip about, and holKed out the boat in fearch of deeper water ; after which wc lUmd to the well with ,.:■ eafy fail, and in the evening came to the entrance ni a bay. In the allcrnoon, having foundetl round the (hip, and found that there wxs water llillicicnt to carry her ovci the flioal, wewcij'hfd, and llood to the wcll- ward, havi.'';i; (iyit a boat a-head to found, and at (ix in the evening w .-,r>ehorcd in ten faihom, with a f,-ndy bottom, at about two mdes dillant (11 ni the main. On 'i'uc!d;;y the 19th, we had thoughts of laying ihe (hip alhore, and cleani.ig-her bottom, and rhcrelijie Luulcd with the niadcr in fearch of a »:onvenient place for that purpofe. In this excurlioii Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks accompanied us; we lound walking ex- tremely incommodious^ the ground being covered with giafs, (he (ccds of which were Ih.'irpami bearded, fo that they were continually llickiiig in our duatlis, w hence they worked forwards to the llelb by means of the beard. Wc were al; perpetually tormented with the (lings of mufqiietos. Several places were IbiMid convenient to lay down the Diip alhore, but to our great dif.ipiMiintnicnt, we could meet with no frclh water. We proceeded, however, up the country, and in the interior part;, wc (bund gum-treei, on the branches whereof were white ants nc(l« formed of clay, as big ai a budicl. On another (ree w« faw black ants, .•; which COOK's FIRST VOYAGE — for making Dtjcoveries in the South Seas & Round tlie World. 63 d\ fonic ham- luntry here is the foil IxinjT : covered with ■rwood. VVc mollis dir.coiiift nd of trees in of a weeping feveral of the then departed. id repairing to 11- them. 'I'tic^ !s and bones of 1 likewife fevc- nd breadth ofti as beds. '1 he \hich allbrded nd of cncanip- from the wind. 1, and as there iniagined that cir days in the and exclaimed, ont of the bay, eall: of a point, ipic, the captain lide whereof wc i reli;mbiing ihe fccthiph. We xer, having the merall round us. •en tiie range of land, which ap- vcry llialiow wa- icli was not nwre d to lilh from the 10 Ihailow. 'Ihc IS, which greedily vere atjovc water, f a very fine blue, rkid with blue on pots on the back, miing, we tailed moll point of land from the num- it. Between this e called Keppcl's, lame of the fame- to keep the main trend away totlic of illands.' Here fudden but three immediately put boat in fearch ok .1 to the wert with le to the entrance founded round 'die rmlicient to carry llood to the well - I.H.'nd, and at lix l.oin, 'vnh a Undy .nil) the main, thoughts of laying ttom.and thertlore II »:onvenient place Dr. Soiander and yund walking e\- nd being covered Iharp and bearded, Lilt'; in otir dontlis, e llerti by means of illv tornicnted with place* were foiHid alhore, but to out ncct with no frelh up the country, and gum-trec», on the ;ftg formed of clay, w'« faw black «nt3. ... uhich which perforated all the twigs, and after they had eaten out the pith, formed their lodging in the hol- lows which containc.l it ; vet the trees were in a flou- ridiing coitdition. Wc alio faw in the air many thou- fands of butterflies, which ever way we looked; and every bough was covered with incredible numbers. On the drv ground we difcovered, fuppofcd to have been left by the tide, a filh about the iiic of a min- now, having two ftrong breafl: fins, w i:h which it leaped away as nimbly as a frog : it did not appear to h6 weakcnccl by being out of the water, nor even to f re fer tliat clement to the land, for when fccn in the water it leaped on fliorc, and purfued its way. It was likt- wife remarked, that where tlicre were fmall Hones pro- jecting above the water, it chofe r.irher to le:tp from one (lone to another, than to jvafs through the water. On Wedncfday the 30th Capt. Cook, and other gen- tlemen, went alhore, and having gained the fummit of a hill, took a furvcy of the coalf, and the adiacciir illand;!, which being done, the Captain proceeded with Dr. Soiander up an inlet, tliat had been difcovered the preceding day; but the weather proving unf.i- vourable, and from a fear of being bewildered among the flioals in the night, they returned to the ihip, hav- ing fcen the whole chiy, only two Indians, who followed the boat a coniidcrable way along (liorei but the tide running llrong, the Captain thought it not prudent to wait for them. While thefe gentlemen were tracing the inlet, Mr. Hanks, with a party, endeavoiired to penetrate into the country, and having met with a piece of fwamjjy ground, we refolvcd to pafs it; but bellirc we got: half way, we tbiind the mud alinoft knee deep. 'i"he bortom was covered with branches of trees, interwoven on the furlace of the fwamp, on w hich we fomctimes kept our footing; fometiiiie;! our feet llipt through ; and foinetimes we were lb entangled among them, as not to be able to free ourfelves but by groping in the mud and flime w ith our hands. However, we crolTed it in about an hour, and judged it might be alwut a i]uarter of a mile over. Having pertormed this dilagreeable talk, wc came to a fpot, where had been tour iiiiall lires, near which were foine bones ot filli that had been roafted ; alfo grafs laid in heaps, whereon four or live perlbns probably had flept. Our fecond lieutenant, Mr. (jore, at another place, law the trat k of a large animal, near a gully c(f water ; he alfo heard theloundsof human voices, hut did not fee the people. At this place two turtles, fonie wa';cr fowl, and a few fmall birds, were feen. As n;> water was to be f )und in our ditVereiit excurlioiis, tor feveral of our rrcw were alfo rambling about, the Captain called the inlet where the (hip lay, 'I'hirlly Sound. It lies in la- titude 21 deg. 10 mill, foutli, and in 210 deg. 18 mill, weft longitude, and may be known by agroupof iflands that lie right before it, between three and tour leagues out at fea. We had not a tingle inducement to llay lon;;er in a place, where we could not be lupplied with frcih water, nor with proviiionof any kind. We caught neulicr lilli nor wild tb\vl ; nor could we get a iliut at thcliune kind of water-lbwl, which we had iii{:n in Ho- t.uiy l!iy. 'I'hcrclore on the 31ft at lix o'clock, A. M. wt weighed an :hor, and put to lea. We kept wit!,out the illands that lie in Ihore, and to the N. W. of Thirfty Sound, as there appeared to be no late paffage between them and the main, at the fame time we had a number of illands without us, extending as tar as we could fee. Pier head, the N. W. point of Thirlly Sound, bore S. li. dil>MU fix leagues, being half way between the. inrtn''.ji which arc oil the call point of the wethrn in- let, and three fmall illands that lie dircillly without thenu Maving failed round thefe laft, we came to an an- chor in tlt'tcen fathom water, and the weather being dark, h;)zy, and rainy, wc remained under the lee of them till levcn o'clock of the next morning. On the ift of June, wc got under fail, and our lati- tude by obfervation was 21 deg. ai; min. fouth. We had now quite open the wcrtern inlet, which we have dillinguiflicd by the name of Bload Sound. A point of land which (brms its N. W. entrance, wc named Cape Palmcrilon, lying in ai deg. joinin. S. latitude, and in 2 1 o deg. 54 min.'W. longitude. Betwccti this cape and Cape TownOiend is the bay, which we have called the Bay of Inlets. At eight in the evening, we an- chored in eleven fathom, hith a fandy bottom, about two leagues from the main land. Saturday the 2nd, we got under fail, and at noon, in latitude r.odeg. 56 min. we law a high promontory, which \,e nained Cape Hilfborough. It bore W. half N. dillant feven miles. Th^r land appeared to abound in wood and herbage, and is (''.vcrnfied with hills, plains, and vallies. A chain of iflands large andfmall are lituated at a diftancc from the coaft and under the land, from (bme of which we faw fmoke afccnding in different places. On Sunday, the 3d, wc difcovered a point of land, w hich we called Cape I onway, and between that and Cape Hiltborough, a bay to w hich we gave the name of Repulfe Bay. 'I'he land about Cape Conway forms a mod bcautitul landfcape, being diverfified with hills, dales, woods, and verdant lawns. By the help of our glafl'es we difcovered two men and a woman on one of the iflands, and a canoe with an outrigger like thofe of Otaheite. This day wc named the iflands Cumberland Iflands, in honour of the duke ; and a paffage which . we had difcovered, was calledWhitfunday pallagc, from the day on which it was fcen. At day-break, on Mon- day the 4th, wc were ate:aft of a point, which we called Cape Glouceller. Names were alfo given this day to rhrec other places, namely, Holborne Ille, Kdg- cumbc Bay, and Cape Upftart, which laft was fo called bccaufe it rifes abruptly from the low lands that fur- round it. Inland arc tome hills or mountains, which, like the'capf altbrd but a barren profpoit. On Tucfday the 5th, we were about four league* from land, and our latitude by obfervation was 1 9 deg. I 2 min. S. We f;iw very large columns of fmokc ri>. ling from the low^ lands. Wc continued to ftccr W. N. W, as the land lay, till noon on the 6th, when cur latitude by obfervation was 19 deg. i min. S. at which time we had the mouth of a bay all open, diftant two leagues. This we named Cleveland Hay ; and the eaft pwint Cape Cleveland. The weft, which had the ap- pearance of an illand, wc called Magnetical illand, bc- caufe the compafs did not travcric well when we were near it: they are both high, as is the main land be- tween thtm, the whole forming a furface the mofl rugged, rocky, and barren of any we had fecn upon the coaft : yet it was not without inhabitants, for we faw fmoke in feveral paitsot' the bottom of the bay. Thurfday the 7th, at clay-break we were a-breall of the caftcrn part of this land, and in the afternoon faw feveral large columns of fmoke u]ion the main ; alfo cancH's, and fome trees, which we thought were thote of thj cocoa-nut : in fearcli of which, as they would have been at this time very acceptable, Mr. Banks and Dr. Soiander went alhore w ith lieutenant I licks ; but in the evening they returned with only a few plants, ga- thered from the cabb.ige-palm, and which had been mitlakcn for the cocoa tree. On l-'riday, the 8th we Hood away for the northcr- moit point in light, to which wc g:ive the name of Point Hillock. Between this and Magnetical ille the tliore forms Halilax Bay, which aftords flieltcr from all winds. At lix in the evening we were a.breatl of a point of land, which we named Cape Sandwich. I'roin hence the land trends W. and afterwards N. forming a fine large bay, which was named Rockingham Bay. Wc now ranged northv. ard along the lliorc, towards a clufter of iflands, on one of which about forty or fifty men, women, and chiMreii were ftanding together, all (tark naked, and Icxikmg at the (hip with a curiolity never obferved among thefe people betbic. At iicn)n our latitude, by obfervation, was 17 deg. 59 min. and wc were a-breali of the i.orth point of Rockingham IJay, which bore from us W. dillant about two miles. '1 his houndar)' of the bay is formed by an illand of con- iidcrable height, which we diftinguillied bv the ni'inc ..f Dunk Ifle. On Saturday, the 9th, in the morning, wc were a-brcaft of (omc fmall illands, which were nan ed I'raijk" 6+ Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. Frankland's Ifle*. At noon we were in the middlie of A throu'noivciboaiid.iaordcr to get at the heavier articles; the channel, and by obfcrvatioa ia latitude li dcg, 57 n)in. S. and in longitude 214 dcg. 6 noint W. with twenty fathom water. The point on the moiaof which v«rM-ere now abroad Capt. Cook named Cape Grafton. Haiving hauled round this, wc found a^ bay three miles tathc wtrflward, in which we anchored; and called the iflandGFCKn Ifland. Here Mr. Bank»and Dr. Solan- dcr went afliore with the captain, with ai view of pro- curing water, which oat being to be had ealily, they foon returned aboavdl, and the next day we arrived near Trinity Buy, fo callcdl bccaufc difcoveicd on Trinity Sunday. Sunday the loth was remaikabk fbr the dangerous fituation of the Endeavour, as wa&Tucfday the 12th ; for her prefcrvatiera aind deliverance, as chriltians, or only moral philoToithersv wc ought to add, agreeable to the will ofan. overruling providence, who (hut up the fca with d(H)rs, who appointed for it a decreed place, and faid, Thus £ir thou Hiall come, and here Hull thy proud waves be flayed. As no accident remarkably unfortunate had bcfaRca us, during a navigation of more tharv thirteen hundred miles, upon a coalV every where aliounding with the moft dangerous rocks and Ihoals, no ivaxK oiifdirtrefs had hitherto been given to any cape or point of land wluch. we had feen. But wc now gave the name of Cape Tribulation, to a point we had jult feen fortheft to the northward, be- caiifehcrewc became acquainted with misfortune. The cape lies m latitude 16 deg. 6 min. S. and 214 deg. 39 min. W. longitude. This day, Sund.iv the loth, at fix in the evening we fhortcncd fail, and hauled off ftiore clofe upon a wind, to avoid the dan^jcr of fomc rocks, which were feen ahead, and to obicrvc w hcther any iHands lay in the ofRng, as we were near the latitude of thofe iflands, faid to have been difcovcral by Quitos^ We kept ilaixling oil from fix o'clock till near nine, with a fine breeze and bright moon. Wc had got into twenty-one fathom water, whcnfuddenly we fell into twelve, ten, and eight ttthom, in a tew minutes. Every nui> was inftantly ordered to his llation, and we were on the point of anchoring, when, on a fialdeii, wc had again deep water, fo that we thought all danger at an end, concluding wc had failed over the tail of fonic Ihoals, which we had feen in the evening. \\"e had twenty fathoms atwi up- wards before ten o'clock, and this depth continuing fomc tinic, thcgentlciiKn, who had hitherto been upon duty, retired to ie!l; but in kfs than an hour the water ihallmved at once from twenty to Icventeen fathoms, and before fintndings could be taken the Ihip firuck u|X)n » rovk. and reiiuviiKxl iimnovciblc. EvcTy one was in- rtamly oti dak, ^\ ith countenances fully cxprcHivc of the horrors of otir lituation. Knowing wc were not near the Ihore, wc coiuluded'that we wxtc upon a rock of coral, the points of which are fiiarp, and the furface fo rough, as to grind away wluite\cr it rubbed againft, e\cn with the j.;iiuK'll motion. .Ml the fails being in>- mcdiately taken in. and our boats hoificd out, we limnd, that the (liip had b(in lifted over a ledge of the rock, and lay in a hollow within it. Finding the water was deepelt .vlUrp, we larricd out the anchor from the llarboard quarter, ai^l applied our whole force to the capllan, in hopes togctthc vcffelort', but in vain. She now beat lb violently againfi the rock, that the crew could fcarcely keep or» their legs. The moon (hone brig^ht, by the light of which we cwrld fee the flie-ath- ing-board.s Hoat iVoui the bottom of the vdM, till at kngth the talfe keel t'olloMed, fo that wc cxpcClcd in- Ihuu dell ruction. Our bcft chance of cfcaping fcemed now 10 be by lightening her-, but having ftruck at high water, we IhiKild have heeninourprefcnt fituation after the vcflel Uiould draw as much Icfs water as the water had funk; our anxiety abated a little, on finding that the fliip fettled on the riKrks as the tide ebbed, and we rtattcred ourfelves, iliar, if the fiiip (Lould keep to- gether till next tide, we might have fome cIuikc of Hoating her. Wc therefore inftantly ilartcd the water in the hold, and pumped it up. The decayed ftores, oil-jars, calks, ballad, fix guns, and other things, wire 1 and in this bufinefs we were employed till day-break, during all which time not an oath was fworn, fo much were the raiiidsof the failors imprclFcd with a fenfc of their danger. On Monday the nth, at day-light wc faw land at eight leagues diftancc, but not a fmgle ifland between us and the main, on which part of the crew might have been landed, while the boat went on Ihore with the reft : fo that the dcftrurtion of the greater part of us would have been inevitable had the fiiip gone to pieces. It happened that the wind died away to a dcail i calm before noon. As we cxpcdcd high-water about eleven o'clock, every thing was prepared to make ano- ther clfort to free the lliip, but the tide fell f<> much fliort of that in the night, that fiie did not fioat by 18 inches, though we had thrown over-board near lifty tons weight; we therefore renewed our toil, and threw over-board every thing rh;U could pollibly be fparcd : as the tide fell, the water poured in fo rapidly, that we could fcarce keep her free by the conftant working of two pumps. Our only hope now depended on the mid- night tide, and preparations were accordingly made for another elTort to get the ihip off. The tide began to rife at five o'clock, when the leak likowife increafed to fuch a decree, that two pimijis more were manned, but only one of them would work j thire, therefore, w erer kept going till nine o'clock, at which time the Ihip righted ; but fo much water had been admitted by the leak, that we expected flie would fink as I'oon as the wa- ter fhould bear hcrotl'the ro( k. Our fituation was now deplorable, beyond defcription, ainioll all hope being at an end. We knew that when the fatal moment lliould arrive, all authority would be at an end. The Ijoats. were incapable of conveying all on fiiore, and wc dreaded a contcll for the preference, as more fliocking than the fiiipwreck icfelf: jet it was coiifidcrcd, that thofe who might be left on board, would eventually meet with a milder fate than thofe who, by gaining the fliore, would have no chance but to linger out the re- mains of life among the ruilefl lavages in the univerfe, and in a country, where (ire-arms would barely enable them to fupport thcmfelves in a moft wretched fitua- tion. At twenty minutes after ten the (hip floated, and was heaved into deep water, when we were happy to find that (he did nut admit more water than (he had done before: yet as the leak had for a confiderabic time e.iined on the piunps, there was now three feet ninc iiichcs water in the hold. By this time tht' men werr fj worn by ("atigueof mind and body, that none of them could pun>p more than five or lix minutes at a time, aid then threw thcmfelves, ijuite f{;ent, on the deck, amidft a (Iream of water which came from the pumps. The ("ucceeding man being fatigued in his turn, threw himfell' dowa iu the fmne manner, while the former juiuped up and renewed his labour, thus nuitually ft niggling for lifr, till the following accident had like to have gixenthem up a prey toabl'olute defpair, an.l thereby inlured «Kir deftruetion. Iktwccn the inlid.: lining of the fiiip's bottom, which is called the cielin;;;, and the outfidc planking, there i.< a fpace of aboot feventccn or eighteen inches. The man who hid hitherto taken the depth o( water at the well, had taken it no farther than the cieling, but being now relie\id by another perfon, who took the depth of the outfuic plank, it appeared by this millake, that the leak ha;l fuddenly gained u[Ktn the puinps, the whole ditferfnie between the two planks. 1 his circumfiance deprivtvl us of all hopes, and fcarce any one thought it wortli while to labour, lor the longer prefcrvation of a lite- which nuift (o foon have a ptriod : but thc-miftakc was foon difcovercd ; and thcjoy arilingfrom fuch un- expected good news infpired the men with fo nunli vigour, that before ei"ht o'clock in the morning, thty had pumped out conlidcrably more w .iter than they haJ fliippcd. We now talked of nothing but getting the (hip into fome harbour, and lit heartily to work to get in the anchors ; one ot which, and the cable of another, wc loft; but thcfe were rww conlidercd as triflei. Hav- ing a good breeze j'rom fca, we got under fail at eleven o'tloet, k-'m jrv-'ii! J iicavicr articles; till day-break, fworn, fomuch with a fcnfe of we faw land at : iflanJ bctwceit he crew might c on Ihore vitW^ i; greater part of ic ihip gone to lI away to a dead ligh-watcr about ;d to make ano- lIc fell Co nuich did not Hoat by -board near fiftv irtoil, and threw illibly be fjiared ; » rapidly, that w t- iftant working of nded on the mid- irdingty made for he tide began to ikowifc increafed )re were manned, fc, therefore, w ere eh time the ihip 1 admitted by the as i(x»n as the wa- tituation was now I all hope being at af moment lhoi:ld end. The Iwats- n Ihore, and wc as more fliockint; IS confidcrcd, thac wDulJ eventually ho, by gaining tlv » linger out the re- ts in the univcrfc, Nould barely enable loft wretclKd fitua- he Ihip floated, and we were happy to atcr than the had a conliderabfe time ow three feet nine time the men wcrc y, that none of lhen» minutes at a time, pent, on the deck, ne from the pimipn. d in his turn, threw r, while the former nir, thus mutually ig accident had like >rolute defpair, an.l Iktween the in1id^ is called the cielin;.^ is a fpace of abo■,. V >,'.L* COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the irorlJ. 65 o'clock, and ftecrcd for land. As \vc could not dif- cover the cxadfituation of the leak, we had no profped of flopping it within fide of the vcflel, but on lucfday the 1 2th, the following expedient, which one of the midlhipmen had formerly fcen tried with fuccefs, was adopted. We took an old ftudding fail, and having mixed a large quantity of ^akham and wool, chopped finall, it was ftitched down in handfiiis an the fail, as" lightly as pofliblc, the dung of fticcp and other filth being fpread over it. Thus prepared, the fail was hauled under the (hip, by ropes, which kept it extended till it came under the leak, when the fudion carried in the oakham and wool from the furfaceofthc fail. This experiment fucccedcd fo well, that inftead of three pumps, the water was eafily kept under with one. \Ve had hitherto no farther view than to run the (liip into fomc harbour, and build a vcflcl from her mate- rials, in which \vt might r<;ach the EaU-Indiesj but we now began to think of finding a proper place to re- pair her damage, and then to purfuc her voyage on its original plan. At fik in the evening wc anchored feven leagues from the Ihorc ; and found that the {hip made 1 5 inches water an hour during the night ; but as the pumps could clear this quantity, we w ere hot unesfy. At nine in the morning \\x palfcd two idands, which were called Hope Idands, bccaufe the reaching of them had been the objed of our willies, at the time of the Ihipwrcck. In the afternoon, the maftcr was font out with two boats to found and fearch for a harbour where the fliip might be repaired^ and weanchored at fun-fct. in four fathoms water, two miles from the (liorc. One of the mates being fcntdut in the pinnace, returned at nine o'clock, reporting, that he had found fuch a har- bour as was wanted, at the ciiftance of two leagues. Wednefday the 13th, at lix o'clock wc failed, hiving previoufly fent two boats a-head, to point out the Ihoals that wc faw in oirw'ay. We foon anchored about a irtilc from the fliorc, when the captain went out, and found the channel very narrow, but the harbour was better adapted to our pref nt purpofc, than any place we had feen in the whole couife of the voyage. As it ble-y very frcfh this day and the following night, we could not venture to run into the harbour, but re- mained at anchor during the two fucceeding days, in the courfc qf which we obfervcd four Indi^'K on the hills, who ftojjped and made two fires. Our men, by this time, began to be alTlided with the fcurvey; and oVir Indian friend Tupia wasfo ill with it, that he had livid fpots on both his legs. Mr. Green the artronomer was likewife ill of the lame diforder ; fo that our being detained from landing was every way difagreeablc. The wind continued freih till the 1 7th, and then we refolved to pufli in for the harbour, and twice ran the (hip a-^round ; the fecond time flie ftuck fall, on which wc took down the booms, fore-yard, and fore-top marts, and made a raft on the fide of the jhip ; and, as the tiile happened to be riling, flic floated at one o'clock. We foon got her into the harbour, where ihc was moored along the fide of a beach, and the anchors^ cables, &c. immediately taken out of her. ■ists =>■«!)•■«= C II A p. IX. U'bejf.iip ts refitfrJ in EnJcavwr River — Tumfac^ioits daring that time — ne country, its inkibiiaiits aiiJ proJu^ions dejcribed — // defcrifitiontf the karf-mr, the trijacent cmintry, andfeveral ijlands near the coaft — The range frrm Endeavour River to (he nnYthern extremity of the country — And the dangers of tijtU ninigatim — The Endeazoicr departs from South It' ales — Thai country, its produH and people dejcribed, ivith afpciimcn of iht. language. ON Mond.iy the 1 8th in the morning, wc eredetl a tent lor the fick, who were brought tin fl'.ore as foon it was ready lor their rccqition. We likewife built a ilagc fron» the fliip to the (liorc, and fet up a tent to hold the provilions and fiorcs, that were landed the limieday. fhe boat was now difpacched in fcarth of filh for the rcfivlhmcnt of the (ick, hut Ihc returned without getting any; but Tupia employed himfelf in angling, aiui living entirely upon what he caught, recovered his health very fall. In an excuriion Mr. Ikinks made u[) the country, he faw the frames of fcve- ral huts, and Capt. Cook having afccndcl one of the highefl hills, ohfervcd the land to be Honey and barren, and the low land near the river over-run \vith mangroves, among which the fak-watcr tlowed every tide. Tuefday the 19th, the fmith's forge was fet up, and the armourer prepared the necelfary iron-work for the repair of the vellcl. 'i'he olheers llores, ballafi, water, &e. were likewife ordered out, in order to lighten the Ihip. This day Mr. Hanks crolled the river to view the coiintr\, which he obfervcd to be little elfe than fand hills. lie faw vail flocks of pigeons, moll beautiful bird.., of which he fiiot llveral. On Wed- nefday the :o'ui, as we were removing the coals, the water rulhcd in, near the fori mail, alxnit three feet from the keel; fo that it was nfolvcil to clear the hold entirely; which being done on l-'riday the 22nd, we warped the fliip higlu r up the harbour, to a Ihi- tion more proper for laying her a-fiiore, in order to flop the leak. I'jrly in the morning, the tide having left iier, wc proceeiled toexaiirtne the leak, when it appear- ed that the nx ks had cut through four planks into the timberr., and that three other planks were damaged. In thefe breaches not a fpliiuer was to be feen, the whole being finooth as if cut away by an inftrument : lut it was the will of an omnipotent being, that the velTel fliould be preferved by a very lingular circum- ftmce: for though one of the holes was large enough | No. i. ' to have funk her, even with eight pumps ronftantly at work, yet this inlet to our deftruction was partly flopped up, by a fragment of the rock being left flicking therein. We likewife found feme pieces of the oak- ham, wool, &:c. which had got between the timbers, and flopped thofe parts of the leak that the ftone had left open. Exclulive of the leak great damage was done to vat'ous parts of the fliip's bottom. While the finitha were employed in making nails and bolts, the car- penters began to work on the veflel; and fome of the people were fent on the other lliie of the river to flioot pigeons for the fick. They found a flream of frefli water, feveral inhabitants of the Indian;, and faw a moufe-coloured animal, exceeding fwift, and about the lize of a greyhound. On .Saturday the :3d, a boat was difpatchcd to haul the feinc, and returned at noon with only three fifli, and yet we faw them in plenty leaping about the harbour, 'i'his day many of the crew ^mv the animal above- mentioned ; and one of the feamen declared he had feen the devil, which John thus defcribed, "' He was, (iiyj he, as large as a one gallon keg, and very like it : he had horns and wings, yet he crept fo ilowly through the grafs, that if 1 had not been afeard, I might have touched him." This formidable apparition we after- wards difcovered to have been a batt, which we mult acknowledge has a frightful appearance, it being bl.ack, and full as large as a partrid;;c ; but the man's own ap- prehentions had furnillied his devil with horns. Sunday, Mr. Core and a party of men fent out with him, i-rocured a bunch or two of wild plantains, and a few jialm cabbages, for tiir refrelhmentof the lick: and this day the Captain and Mr. Banks faw the animal already mentioned. It h:ul a long tail that it carried like a greyhound, leaped like a deer,. and the point of its foot relembled that of a goat. "The repairs of the Ihip on the flarboard fide having been linillied the pre- ceding day, the carpenters noiv beg;m to work under her Ijjrboard bor ; and beinaevamined abaU it aputar* R e4 66 Capt. C O O Ks V O Y A O K S COMPLETE. ■ 'HI cd (lie had received very little injury in that quarter. Mr. Bani, and happily fuccccded at high water; whcii we toiiiid, that by the polition ftie had lain in, one of her planks was fprung, fo that it was again ne- ciiUu ) to lay jier afliore. An alligator Iwam by her fe- vcK^l Limes at high water. Weilnelil.iy the 4th was employed in trimming her upon an even ketl, warping her over, and laying her tlouii on a fniul-bank, on the fouth (ide of the river ; «nd on the next day, the 5th, flie was again Heated, luui moored oH" the beach, in order to receive the ftorcK on board. This day w c crolfed the harbour, and found on a fandy beach a great number of fruits, not difcovcred before; among others a cocoa-nut, which Tupia faid had lH.en opened by ajrab, and was judged to be what the Dutch call Ueurs Krabbe. 'Ihe vege- table fubftanccs which Mr. Hanks picked up were en- crufted with marine productions, and Covered with barnacles, a proof of their having been tranfplanted, probably from 'lerra del Mfperito Santo. This gentle- man with a party having failed up the river on thc6ili, to make an exciirlion up the country, returned on the Sth. Having followed the coiirfe of the river, they found it at length contracted into a narrow channil, Ixjumled by fteep banks, adorned with trees of a molt iK-autiful appearance, among which was the bark tree. The land was low and covered w ith grafs, and fcemrd capable of being cultivated to great advantage. The night, though we had made a tire on the banks of th.: river, was rendered extremely diliigreeablc by the ftings of the mufiiuitos, thatcaufc an almod intolera- ble torment. Going in purfuit of game, wc faw four animals, two of which were chafed by Mr. Banks's greyhound, but they greatly oiitftripped him in fpeed, by leaping over the long thick grafs, which ini oni- moded the dog in running. It was obferved of the animals, that they bounded forward on two legs iiiftead of running on four. Having returned to the boat wcpro- cecded up the river, till it contracted toa brook of Ircdi water, but in which the tide rofe conliderably. Having ftoppcd to pal's the night, with hope of fome reft, we faw a fmoke at a diftancc, on which three of us ap- proached it, but the Indians were gone. We law the impreftions of feet on the land, below high-water mark, and found a fire (till burning in the hollow of an old tree. At a fmall iliftance were feveral huts, and we obferved ovens dug in the ground: the remains of a recent meal were likewife apparent. We now retired to our refting-place, and ilept on plantain leaves, with a bunch of grafs for our pillows, on the fide of a fand- bank, under the ftieltcr of a bu(h. The tide favo\ir- ing our return in the morning, we loft no time in get- ting back to the fliip. The mafter, who had been fevcn leagues at fea, returned foon after Mr. Banks, bringing w ith him three turtles, which he took with a boat- hook, ajid which together weighed near eight hundred pounds. He was fent out next morning, and Mr. Banks accompanied him with proper inftrumcnts for caichinn; turtle: but not being fuccefsful, he would ndt go back that night, fo that Mr. Banks, after collecting fome ftiells anil marine productions, returned in his own fmall lK)at. In the morning the feconil licuten.Tin was fent to bring the niafter back, foon after which tour In- dians, in a fmall canoe, were within fight. The cap- tain now :'ave the remainder to Ml. I!;inks's tioj;. Some rihbaiuls which had been given them, to which medals were fufpcnded round their necks, were fo changed by fmokc, that it was difficult to judge what colour they had been, and the fmokc had made their ikins look darker than their na- tural colour, from whence it was thought that they had flept clofe to their fires, as a preventative againll the fting of the mufquitos. Both the ftrangcrs had bones through their nofes, and a piece of bark tied over their foreheads ; and one of them had an ornament of ftrings round his arm ; and an elegant necklace made of fhclls. Their canoe was about ten feet long, and calculated to hold fi)ur pcribns, and when it was in Ihallow water they moved it by the help of poles. Their lances had only a linglc point, and fome of them were barbed with fifli-boncs. On the 14th Mr. Gore fliot one of the moufe-coloured animals above-mentioned. It chanced to be a young one, weighing morQ than iH pounds; but when they are full grown, they are as large as a Ihecp. The Ikin of this beall which is called Kanga- ro.i, is covered with ihort fur, and is of a dark inoufe colour ; the head and ears are fomewhat like thofe of a harej this animal was dretlcd lor dinner, and proveil fine eating. The (hip's crew fed on turtle almolt every day, which wen- liner than thofe eaten in England, owing to their being killed before their natural fat was wafted, and their juices changed. On the 17th, Mr. B;inks and Dr. Solander wcntwith the captain into ihc woods, and faw four Indians in a canoe, who went on (lioiv, and walked up without (ign of fear. Tiiey ari.cpted fomc beads, and departed, intimating that ihty did not chufe to be followed. The nati\cs being now become familiar with the ihip's crew, one ot thorn was delired to throw his lance, which he did u ith fuch dexterity and torcc, that though it was not above (inir feci from the ground at the higheft, it penetrated deeply into a tree at the dilbnce of fifty yards. The natives now . ame on board the fliip, and were well plealed wuh their entertainment. On the 19th, we faw leveral of the women, who, as well a^ the men, w eiv quire inked. We were this day vifiied In ten likliaiis, wiio leenied refolvcd to have one of the turths that was on lx)aid, which they re- peatedly made figns for, and being as repeatedly re- fufed, theyexpreiled the utnioll rage and relentment, one of them in partit ular, having received a denial from Mr. Banks, he llamped, and pulhed him away in a inoll, violent m,inner. At k-ngih they laid hands on tuo of the turtles, and drew- them to the (ide of the Piij) where the canoe Ixy, but the failors took them away. They made feveral limilar attempts, hiitb(ing ecjually unfucccfsful, they leaped fuddenly into then canoe, and rowed oil". At this inllant the captain, with Mr. Banks, and five or lix of the feamcn, went on fliorc, where they arrived before the Indians, and where many of the crew were already emph-yed. A< foon as the Indians landed, one of them fiiatihed a fire brand from under a pitch-kettle, au'l running 10 the windward of what eHects were left on fliore, fet (iic to the dry grafs, which burned rapidly, f.ortluil a pig to death, burned part of the fmith's forge, and wouki have dertroyed a tent of Mr. Banks, but that Ionic jieo- ple came from the fliip jiill in timetof.et it out of the way of the flames. In the mean while the Indiaii'l went to a place where the lilhing-nets lay, and a (]uan- tityof linen was laid«)utto dry, anti there again lit fin- to the grafs, in fpite of all perfuaiion, and even of threats. A mufquet loaded with linall Ihot was fired, and one of them being wounded, they ran away, aiul this lecond fire w as extinguillied ; but the other burned far into the woods. The Indians Hill continuing in fight, a mufqner charged with ball was fired, the report only (jf which fentthem out of fight ; but their voices being heard in the woods, the Captain with a tew peojilcwenc to meet them. Both parties lh)pped when in fight of each other ; at which time an old Indian advanceil befoif the reft a little wav, but foon halted, and alter having fpoke fome words, which we could not underlland, he retreated to his companions, and (hey all retired llowly in a Iwdy. Having found means to fei/e fome of their dart' we continueil following them about a mile, and then fat down u]wn fome rocks, the Indians fitting down alfo alx)ut an hundred ) ards from us. The old man again came forward, having a lance without a point in his hand ; he flopped feveral times at dif- ferent diftances, and fpoke, whereupon the captain made ligns of friendlhip, which they anfwered. 'I'hc old man now turned, and fpoke aloud to his compa- nions, who placed their lances againft a tree, and came forward in a friendly manner. When they came up to us, we returned the darts we had taken, and we per- ceived with great fatisfaiition, that this rendered the re- conciliation complete. In this party were four pcrfbns whom we had not feen before, who, as ufual, were in- troduced ^p us by name, but the man w ho had been wounded in the attempt to burn our nets, was not a- mong them. Having received from us fome trinkets, they walked amicably toward the coaft, intimating by figns, that they would not fire the grafs again. When we came oppofite the fhip they fat down, but we could not prevail with them to go on board. '1 he\ accepted a few mufquet balls, the ufe and efl'eOl of which the Captain endeavoured to explain. We then left them, and when arrived atthelhip, we faw the woods burning at the dillance of two miles. We had no conception of the fiiry with which grafs would burn in this hot cli- mate, nor of the difficulty of extinguilhing it; but wc determined, that if it fhould ever again be necellary for us to pitch our tents in fuch a lituation, cur firll work lliould be to clear the ground round us. Friday the 20th, our fiiip being ready for fea, the mafter was lent in fearch of a pallage to the north- ward, but could not find any; while the Captain found- ed and buoyed the bar. This day we faw not any In- dians; but the hills for many miles were on fire, which at night made an appearance truly fublimc. On tWI^ 22nd, we killed a turtle, through both flioulders of' which ftuck a wooden harj50on, near fifteen inches long, l)earded at the end, and about the thicknefs of a man's finger, refembling fuch as we had feen among the na- tives. The turtle appeared to have been ftruck a con- liderable time, for the wound was perfetUy healed. On the a4th, one of the failors, who with others had been fent to gather kale, having ftrayed from the refl, fell in with four Indians at dinner. He was at firlt much alarmed, but had prudence enough to conceal his apprehenfions ; and fitting down by them gave them his knife, which having examined, they returned. He would then have left them ; but they fccnicd dilpofcd to /O 68 Capt. C O O K s O YAGES COMPLETE. to detain him, till, by feeling his hands and face, they Here lonvineed he was made of flefti and blood like thcrnfclvcs. They treated him with great civility, and having kept him about half an hour, they made tlgns that he inight depart. When he left them, not taking the dirctit way to the (hip, they came from the tire and Ihcwed him the nearcft way ; from whence we conclud- ed, that they well knew from whence he came. We may here oi)rerve, that the language of thefc people fcemcd to us more harlh than that of the iflanders in the Souih-Se.i. They were continually repeating the word chcrcau, a term as wc imagined of admiration. They alfo cried out, when they faw any thing new, chcr, tut, tut, tut, tut! which probably was a limilar cxprefTlon. Mr. lianks having gone on fliorc in fearch ol plants, found the cloth which had been didributed among the natives, lying in a heap, as ufclcfs lumber. Indeed they fecmcd to fet very little value upon any thing we had except our turtle, a commodity wc were Icall inclined and able to fnarc Tuefday the :4th, Mr. B:inks and Dr. Solander re- turning from the woodi!, through a deep valley, foimd lying on the ground feveral marking nuts, the Anacar- dium orientale ; but they fought in vain for the tree that Iwrc them. On the 26th, as Mr. Ranks was again fearching the country- to enrich his natural hillory, he took an animal of the Opoflum kind, with two young ones. On the 27th, Mr. Gore fliot a Kanguroo, which weighed cighty-ibur pounds, though not at its full gn)wth. When drcHhl on the 2Sth, wc found it had a much worfc flavour than that wc had eaten be- fore. Sunday the 29th. wcgot the anchor up, and made all ready 10 put to fca. A boat was fent out to afccrtain what water was upon the bar; when returned, the olhccr reported, that there was only thirteen feet, which was (ix inches Icfs than the fliip drew. Wc therefore this day gave up all hopes of failing. Monday the -?nth, we had frelh gales with hazy weather and rain, till luefday the {ill, at two in the morning, when the weather be- came more nuxicraic. During all this time the pin- nace and yawl continued to ply the net and hocjk with tolerable good fucccfs, bringing in at ditl'crent times a turtle, and from two to three hundad weight of fifli. On Wednefday the ifl of Augull, the pumps were examined by the carpenter, who found them all in a llate of decay, and fome ijuitc rotten, owing, as he laid, to the lap having been kit in the wood : but as the lliip admitted only an inch of water in an hour, wc hoped ihc was (lout enough, and tnilled to her loundntls. On Siiturilay the 4th, at fevcn o'clock in the mornini:, wc once more got under fail, and put to fea. We (tood olfl'",. by N. with the pinnace a-head to keep founding. About nfx)n we came to an anchor, when the harbour fmm whence wc had failed l>orc S. 70 W. diftant al>oui five leagues. 'I'he captain here mined the nortliermoll point ot" land in light Cape Ikdford, and the harbour wi' hud quitted Kmieavour River. Our latitude bv ob- fervation was now 1 5 deg. ^l iiiin. S. lindeavour Ri- ver is only a fiiiall bar harbour, or creek, which runs in a winding channel three or four leagues inl.md. The depth of water for Ihipping is not jnore than a mile within the bar, and only on the north-lide. At the new and fiiUol' the moon, it is liigh water between nine and ten o'clo; k. It mull alio l>e remembered, that this part flUfthc coall is fo barricaded with Ihoals, as to make the harbour very dill'icult of acccfs : the fafcft approach is from the fouthward, keeping the main land clofc upon the board all the way. Over the fouth point is fome high land, but the north point is formed by a low fandy l)each. The provilions wc procured in this har- bour confided of turtle, oyftcrs ofdiffcrent forts, cavalhc or fcombcr, flat filli, Ikatc or ray filh, purdain, wild beans, and cabbagc-palnu. Of quadrupcdcs, there arc goats, wolves, pole-cats, a fpottcd animal of the viverra kind, and feveral kinds of Icrpcnts, fonic of which only are venomous, Dog« arc the only tamcanimals. The land fowls are kites, crows, hawks, loriqucts, cockatoos, parrots, pigeons, and fmaii birds of various forts, the 2 nainci of which wc could not learn. The w.ater fowls arc wild gcefc, curlieus, hens, whirling ducks that perch on trees, and fome few othcrt. 'Incfoil of the hilh, though ftoncy, produces coal-fc gmfs befidei wooti, that of the valleys is in general well cloathcd, and ha« the appearance of fertility. The tree* here are of va. rious torts, of which the gum trees are the moll com- mon. On each fide of the river are mangroves, whieli in fome parts extend a mile within the coaft. The country is well watered, and ant-hills arc every where in great numbers. On Saturday the 4rh, Capt. Cook went up to the maft-hcad to look at ibmc dangerous flioaki fcvcial oi" w hich he faw above the water. This day fuch a quan- tity of lilh was caught, as allowed a dividend of tuo pounds to each man. During the lix following days we attempted to fail between the flioals and breakers, b', which wc were every way furrounded. On the roth we were iKtwecn a head land and three illands, which had been difcovercd the preceding day. We luw entertained hopes of being out hf dangcri but this not proving to be the cafe, wc calleil the head-land Cape I'lattcry. Some land was now difcovercd, and was ge- nerally taken for the main \ but in the captain's opinion a duller of illands, Uixjii thisdivcrtity offentiittcnt? it was refolved to bring tht lliip to an anchor, Thii done, the captain landed, and from a high point took a furvey of the iia-coaft, by w hich he w.as conlirmed 111 hii conieehire. On the point where he Hood were livn the prints of human teet, in white fand of an cxquilin lincnefs; and the pl.iccwas named Point Lookout. I the northwuid of tlii.s the coafl appeared to be fl'm'. and Hat, for a confiderouic dillance, which did not cii. courage our hope, that the channel we had hithcnj lound in with the land would continue. On Saturd.ny the nth, early in the morning, .Mr. Banks and Capt. Cook went to vilit the largell of rii- three illands, and having gained the fummit of tlK- highell hill, they beheld a reef o.*" rocks, whereon the fea broke in a frightful manner ; but the ha'/.y weather preventing a jK-rfect view, they lodged under a bulh during the night, and next day feeing what had the appearance of a chanuel between the reefs, one of the mates on the 12th, was fent out in the pinnace to ex- amine it i and at noon returned, having found between fifteen and twenty-eight fathom of water : but it blew fo hard, that the mate did not dare to venture into one of the channels, which he ("aid appeared to Ik- very nar- row ; but the cajHain judged he had feen them to a dil- ad\;uit.ige. While bufv in his furvey. Mi. Banks was attentive to Ins favourite purfuit, and collei.Hcd manv plants he had not before i't-cn. This ifland, vilible at twelve leagues dillance, and in general barren, wc found to be alKMit eight leagues in cinumfereiu e. There are Ibiiie fandy ba\s and low-land on the N. W. liile, whirh is covercil with long grafs, aiul trees of the fame kind w ith thofe on the main ; li/ards of a very large li/e alii) aU)uniIed,foine of which we tk. We Ibuiulalli iVelh water in t.vo places; one running flreani, clofe to the Ua, was a little brackifli ; the other was a ll.indiii|', |KH)I perfectly fweet. We were liirpri/.cd tofce, thar, notwithllanding the ilillanic of this illanJ from the in.iin, it was lometiiiies vilited by the Indiana from thcD'C i as was j)lain tiom fcven or eight frames o: their huts which we found. All thefc were built on miincncies, ami fioiii their lituation, we judged, thai the weather Ijerc, at certain fea(i.)n.s, is invariably caliii and mild. On our return to the (hip, the eaptain lu mcd this place the L.i/.ard llland, on arcounr of 01 r havii^ fcen no other animals but li/.ards, Whai re- turning, we landed on a low fandy illand, upon whivh were birds f)f various kinds, \\'c took a nell of young eagles, and therefore called the place Ivjigle llland, \\ c t()und alio a nell of fome other bird, of a molt enor- mous li/c : itwas made w ith Hicks upon the grouiid, and was not Icfs than fix and twenty feet in circumference, and two feet eight inches high. Wc perceived that this place alfo ha.l been viijteU by the Indians, During our abfcnce from the fliip, the mailer had landed on fcvcr.»l low ilhnds where he had fccn great heaps of turtle fliel'i, * cook's first VOY AG li — for making Difcovcrics in 0\c Souti Seas tc Round tlu )Yo>/J. /S) fliells, and found the fini ot them, which the Iiidiani had left hanging on the trees, fo Irelh, tiiat they were drcffcd and eaten by the boat's crew. On Sunday the 12th, the ollitcrs held a confultation, and wc were uiunininiis in opinion, that it would be bed to quit the coaft altogether, till we tould approach it with Icfs danger; in confequcnce of which concur- rent opinion, wc failed on Moiulay the i. cd by a |)crfect calm, which fuccecd- [cd in a few minutes; \et the breeze once more return- 1 cd, before we had lofl ilie little ground which had been I gained. At thi^ tmu a fmall opening was fcen in the reef, and a young oW.ccv being fent to examine it, found that its breadth ilid not much exceed, the length of the fliip, but that there was fmooth water on the I other fide of the loi ks. Animated by the defiie of ; prcferving life, we now attempted to pals the opening; j but this was impodible; for it having become high- 1 water in the interim, the ebb tide r 11 flied through it with amazing inipetuofity, carrying the fliip about a I qiiaitcr of a mile from the reefj and Ihe foon reached the dilhiice of near two milcji, by the help of the boats. When the ebb tide was fpcnt, the tide of flood again drove the yclTel very near the nx-ks, fo that our prolpecl I of delhudion was renewed, when we difcovered another I opening, and a light breeze fpringing up, wc entered it, and were driven thr ugh it, with a rapidity that pre- vented the fliip from llriking againft cither lidc of the cliannel. 'I'hc lliip uosv; came to an anchor, and our crew were grateful for h,\\inyr regained a ftation, w hich they had been very lately moll anxious to quit. The name of Providence Channel was given to the opening through which the fliip had thus efcapcd the moft im- minent dangers. A high promontory on the main land No. 8. • J - in light, was dennininated Cape Weymmitli, aiut a Imv near it Weymouth Hay. This day the boats went ditt to li(h, and met with great liicetfs, partuuiarly in catching cockles, fomc of which were of (iiih an ama- zing lizc, as to require the llrenglhof twomcn to move them. Mr. Hanks likcwife fueceeded in his fearth for rare fhclls, and different kinds of coral. On the I Xth, we difcovered feveral fiuall iflands, i\ liieli were callcil Forbcs's Iflands, ami h.iil a fight ol a hij^li point of land on the main, which was named the Hcilr hlead. On the 19th, we difcovered feveial other linall iflands, the land of which was low, barren, and lluuly. A point was fcen, and called Cape (I'renvilie, anil a bay w hich took the name of Temple IJay . In the alterndon many other iflands were fcen, which were denoniinated Bird Illcs, from their being frequented by niimeroiis flocks of birds. On the 20th many more (iiiail illaiiils were fcen, on one of which were a tew trees, and feveral Indian huts, fuppofed to have been erected by the natives of the main land, as temporary habitations iluringtheirvilit to thefc iflands. On the 21 II v,e failed through a channel, in which was a number ol I!, onlsj and gave the name of York Cape to a point of the main land which forms thclidcot thechaniul. A iart^c bay is formed to the fouth of the cape, wJMih i.a:? called Newcaflle Bay, and in which are IcvenI litilo iflands; on the north-liiie of the cape the land is ratlier mountainous, but the low parrs of the country abound with trccsj the illands difcovered in the morning of this elay, were called York Illes, In the afternoon ue an- chored between fonw illamls, and obferved, that the channel now began to grow wider ; we peiveived two diflaiit points, between w hich no land could he lien, fo that the hope of having at length cx])l()red a pallaj^o into the Indian Sea, began to animate every brcafl j but, to bring the matter to a certainty, the captain took a uarty, and being accompanied by lyicUVs. Solander and Banks, they landed on an ifland, on which they had fcen a number of Indians, ten of wlioin were on a hill, one of them carry'ing a bow and a bundle of arrows, the reft armed w ith lances ; and round the necks of two of them hung ftrings of mother of pearl, 'i'hrec of thefc Indians Itood on fliore, as if tooppofe the landing ofthebo.it, but they retired before it reached the beach. The captain and higconipany now afccnded a hill, from whence they had a view of near forty miles, in which fpacc there was nothing that threatened to oppofe their pafllige, fo that the certainty of a i haniiel llen^cd to bi: almolt indubitable. Previous to their leaving the illand, Capt. Cook difplayed the b'.nglilh colours, and took pof- felnon of all the eallern coal! of the country, from the {8th dcg. of S. latitude to the prefent fpor, bv the name of New South Wales, for his fovereign the King of Great Britain ; and three volleys of fmall arms being fired, and anfwercd by an. equal number from the Mn- deavmir, the place received the name of Poflellion Ifland. The next morning we faw three naked women collecting fliell-lilhon the beach ; and weighinganchor, gave the name of Cape Cornwall to theextieme point of the largeft ifland on the north-wefl fide of the paf- fagc : fomc low iflands near the middle of the channel receiving the name of Wallis's Iflc ; foon after which the fliip came to an anchor, and the long-boat was fcnc out to (bund. Towards evening wc failed again, and the captain landed with Mr. Banks, on a fmall iflaiui which was frequented by immcnfc numbers of birds, the majority of which being boobies, the place received the name of Booby Illand. Wc were now advanced to the northern extremity of New Holhuid, and had the fatisfaclion of viewing the open fea to the wclhvard. The N. E'.. entrance ot the palfage is formed by the main land of New Holland, and by a nuinberof iflands, which took the name of the Prince of Walcs'j Iflands, and which Capt, Cook imagines may reach to New Guinea ; thefc iflands abound with trees and grafs, and were known to be inhabited, from the finokc that was Iceii afccnding in many places. To the paflagc wc had failed through, Capt. Cook gave the name of Endeavour Streights. New South Wales is a much larger country than any hitherto S - known-, 7» Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. ! ti ii known, and not dccmcil a continent, being lar^^rr than all Kuropc, which is proved by the Hndestvour's having courted more than aooo miles, even if her tradt were re- duced to a Orait line. Northward of the latitude of J3 dcg. the country is hiljy, yet not mountainous ■ but to the fotithward of thiit latitude, it is moHly low and even ground. The hill* in general arc diverlificd by lawn* and woods, and many of the valley* abound with her- bage, though, on the whole, it cannot be deemed a fertile country. To the northward the grafs is not fo rich, nor the trees fo high as in the fouthcrn jwrts, and almoft every where, even the largeft trees grow at a diftance (»f not Ufs than thirteen yard* afundcr. In all thcfc places where the land forms a bay, the fliorc i« covered with mangroves, that grow about a mile in land, in a fwampy ground, which the fpring tides always overllow, in (omc parts there are nogs, covered with thick grafs, and plenty of under-wood in the valleys ; the foil in general feeins unfit for cultivation, though there are many fpots where the arts of tillage might be attended with fuccefs. There are feveral fait creeks, running in many diredions through the country, where there are alfo brooks of freth water, but there are no ri- vers of any conliderable extent; yet it fecmed to be well watered, as the time when the Ihip was on the coart, was reckoned the drieft feafon of the year. The gum- tree which yields a rcfin like the dragons blood. Here arc three kinds of palm-trees, two of which are found only in the northern dillrid. Nuts fomcwhat refcmb- ling ( hifnuts are produced by one of thefe, which were fiippoied to be i-aiable, yet fome of thcfeamen having made free with them were taken very ill ; two of whom died within a week, and it was not without dirticulty that the third was recovered. The fecond fort of palm is much like the Weft Indian cabbage-tree, which yields a c.ibKi<;e of an agreeable tafte. The third fort abounds in the louthern j)art, and produces a fmall cab- bage of .1 \vr\ af^reeable Havour, with many nuts, which fiirnidi food for hogs. There is likewife a tree on w hich grow s a purple apple tiiat taftes like a damofcene, as we have bet()ie obferve.l. lielides thefe there is a fig-trec, producing ligs, but not of the fineft fort, and they have another w hich bears a fort of plumb that is Hat on the fkks like a cheefe. A plant was found here, the leave.'- of \\hi(h were like thole of thtf bulnifli; it yields a bright ytllow relin, that refembles gumboiige, but ddis not llain — it had a very agreeable mull. VN'e fiuinil two forts of yams, the one round and covered with lliin!:;y filnes, the other in lliape like a radilh; both of w hit hi are ol a pleafant tafte. A fruit of a difagreeable flavour was tiimiil, in ftiape refembling a pine-apple; and another that was much like a cherry, but had a fott kernel. The country produces purftain and w ild jjarfty. We f.\w here, belides the beaft already mentioned, one that was calletl a tiuall, the belly ol' this animal was •♦^uitc white, its back was brown with white fpots ; and it was like a pole-cat. Vaft nunibers of beautiful pi- geons w lie obli.r\ cvl, and the feanien ftiot many of them, .Tlloea;;les, hawks, cranes, herons, buftards, crows, par- rots, p.iniwiuct-, cockatoos, and fome other birds of line pluniaf;e, belides quails and doves. In tiiis I (nintr\' there arc but few infeds, and the ants •niid niiifi]iiitos arc the chief anv 'g them. There are f()iir kinds of the tiirmer which dewrvc particular notice. Tlic iiril oi'thife arc entirely green, and live on trees, where they build their ncfts in a \cry curious manner, bending down the leaves, and gluingthem together with an animal June, fuppofed to proceed from their own boilic. While fenral of thefe animals were bulled in thi.-< employ, thoiifands were joined to keep the leaf in its proper lituation, w hich, when they were difturbed in their work. Hew bai k with a force that any one would have miagined to be fuperior to their united ftrength ; at the fame lime they avenged themfelves by feverely ■flinging their difturbcrs. The fecond fpccies of ants here are black, and live in the infidc of the branches, after they have w orked out the pith. The third fort lodged themfelves in the root of a plant that twines round the trunks of other trees. This they made hol- low', and cut into a great number of pafliiges that ran I acrofs each other, yet there was no ap|)«irance of the plants having been injured. They arc not above half the li/e of the reil ants of this country. A* to the fourth fort they are like the I<'.aft-Indian white ants, and liail one fort of neft* a* big as a half-peck lo.if which hunj^ from the Iwughsof trees, and weiecompofed of feveral minute parts of vegetables, which a|5peared to In: (link together by the glutinous juice before mentioned. There was a communication between the cells, and pallages to other nefts upon the fame tree ; they h.ul alio a hollow covered palFagc to another neft on the ground, at the root of a dillcrent tree. The height of the ground-nell . was found' to be about lix feet, atife, which the failors whimlically called their fprit-lail yard ; but belides this they wore necklaces formed of Ihells, a fmdl cord tied twice or thrice round the arm between the elbow and ftioulder, and a firing of plaited human hair round the waill. .Some few of them had an ornament of Ihells hangin;; acrofs the breaft. Belides thefe ornaments they painted their bodies and limbs white and red, in ftripes of dif- ferent dimenlions ; and they hail a ciri le of white round each eye, and fjx)ts of it on the face. Then- ears were bored, but they did not wear ear-rings. Thev accepted whatever was given them, but feemed to have no idea of making an adequate return ; and they would not part with their ornaments for any thing that was oftered in exchange; Their U)dies were marked with fears, which they lignified were in remembrance of the deceafed. Their huts were built with fmall rods, the two ends of which \vere fixed into the ground, lb as to form the figure of tin oven j they arc covered with pieces of bark and palm-leaves. The door of this building, which is only high enough to lit upright in, is opj)olite to the lire-pla':es. 'i'hey fleep with their heels turned up towarils their heads; and even in this ixifturc the hut will not lu'd more than four people. In the northern parts, where th.t; weather was warmer, one fide of the houfes was left open, and the other op- pofed to vthatevei- wind might blow at the time there ; huts were only built lor temporary ufe, and left behind when they removed to other parts of the countrv ; but if their ftay Was only for a night or two, they fiad no otii'-r ^m MM COOK'i FIRST VOYAOE— for inakinp Difcovtrift in ilic South Seas & Round the H'o>U. 7 1 II I -- — — . -^- — —.— .—^^^.t^ .^.^-^^ ^ — other protcvUon Iroin the wiathcr thiin wh.it the grafii ami biilhc.1 nllordcd. While the hut« on the main land were turned from the wind, thofe on the illandu were towanh it : a kind of proof that they vilit the ifliind» in line weather, and enjoy the relirlhing bree/c while they flept, Thcfc huts are fiirnilhcd with a kind of biiekct for fetching watt r, made of an oblong pieie of bark tieil up at each end with the twig of a tree ; and this is the only furniture of the houlr. On their backs they have a kind of bag, of the li'.e and form of a cabbage-net, in which tnry carry rheir lilh-hooks and lines, of the Ihells of w hii h they ;inkc thefe hooks 1 the ornaments which they wear eontift oi' lome |ioints of darts, and two or three bits of paint; and in this narrow coinpafs lie all their richis. They feed on the kangiir(x», anil feveral kinds of birds when they can catch them ; they likewife eat yams, and various kinds of fruit J but the principal article of their exiftence is lilli. 'I'hey were frequently obferved with the leaves of a tree in their mouths, but whether it had the qua- lities of either tobacco or beetle could not be known ; but it was obferved not to dilcolour the teeth or lips. From the notches that were fecn in a great number of trees, for the purpofe of climbing them, it was imagined that their meth d of taking the kangiiroo, (vns by (hiking it M'ith clieir lances as it palfed under the tree. In tiiefe likewile, it is probable, that they took birds, while they were roofting, as they fecmed too (liy to be othcrw ife catched. I'heir method of pro- ducing lire, and extending the flames of it, is very fin- gular : having wrought one end of a (lick into an ob- tiife point, they place this point upon a piece of dry wood, and turning the upright (lick very faft back- ward anil (orward between their hands, (ire is foon pro- duced, nor is it cncreafed with Icfs celerity. One of the natives was frei)uently obferved to run along the fea coall, leaving (ire in various places. The method taken to do this was as ti>llow's : before he fet off, he wrapped up a little (park of (ire in dry grafs, and the quicknefs of his motion foon fanning it into a (lame, he then placed it on the ground, and jMitting a fparkof it in another bit of grafs ran on again, and incrcafed the number of his (ires at picafure. 'Ihefc (ires were fupi'ofi'd to be intended for the taking of the kangu- roo, as that animal was fo very lliy oJ (ire, that when purfued by the dogs, it would not ciols places which had been newly burnt, even when the (ire was extin- guidied. The natives of New South Wales make ufe of fpcars or lances, but thcfe are ver,- di(fcrently conflructed : thofe that were fecn in the fouthern parts of the coun- try had (our i)rongs, jHnnted with Iwne, and barbed, and the points were rubbed with a kind of wax, the fiivwthnefs of w liich made an ealier paflage into what was ftruck by them. On the contrary, the lances in the northern parts have only one point; the lliafts of them are of dilftrent lengths, from eight to fourteen feet, arc made of the ftalk of a plant not unlike a bul- rufli, and coniKh of feveral joints let into each other, and tied together. The points of thefe lances are fome- times made of (i(li-l>one, and fometimes of a hard heavy wood ; they are barbed with other pieces of wood or (lone, li) that w hen they have entered any depth iii the body, they cannot be draw n out w ithout tearing the flefli in a (hocking manner, or leaving fplinters behind them. When the natives intend to wound at a confi- dcrablc dilhncc, they difchargc this inlVrument w ith a throwing (lick, but if the objed be near them, it is thrown from the hand only. The throwinp-ftick is a peace of fmooth, hard, red wooil, half an inch thick, two inches broad, and .ibout three feet in length, hav- ing a crofs piece near four inches long at one end, and a fmall knob at the other. A fmall hollow isinade in the (liaft of the lanre, near the jioint, and in this hol- l6w the knob is received, but, on being forced forward, it will ealily flip from it. The lance being placed on this thtxjwing-rtick, the Indian holds it over his fhoulder, fliakcs it, and then throws both lance and ftick with f>is utmoft power ; but as the. crofs-piccc ftrikc* the Ihouldcr the fuddcn jerk ftops the ftick. while the lame is driven (<)rwaiil witli .ima/ing rapi- dity, and i( generally fo well aimed, that a mark ut the didancc of (ifty yards is moic certainly (Iruck with it than by a bullet from a gun. 'I'helc people niakL,- ufe of Ihields madeof the bark of trees, ol nlmut eigh- teen inches brirnd, and three tret long. Many trcei were feen from whence the bark had been taken, and others on which the IliiehU weiv cut out but not taken away. In the northern parts of this (oiii.tn, the r.i- noesare formed by hollowing the trunk 01 a rice, ani it was conieClured, that this opinition mull have been per(f)rmcd by (ire, as the natives did not apni.ir to have any inflruments proper for the purpofe. I'lie canoe* are in length about fourteen feet, and fo narrow, that they wolild be frequently ovcrfet, but that ihcy arepro^ vidcd w ith an out-rigger. The natives row tnem with paddles, uling both hands in that enipivninent. The canoes in the (ijiithern |)arts are (iirmed only of a piece of bark (iuir yards long, (iillenid together at each end, and the middle kept open by piects of wool, palFing from lide to lide. In deep water thefe arc rowed by paddles, of about a fpearcd a ver\- level illand, clothed wuh trees, an\ong which is the cocoa-nut; and we judged it to bi.- inhabited by the fmoke of the lires which were teen in ditlerent ()arts of it. The boats wcie now fcnt out to Ibimd, as the water was Iballow ; but as the (liip, in failing two leagues, had found no incrcafe in its d^pih, lignais were made for the boats to- return on boanl. We then (lood out to fea till mid- night, tacked, and Ho hI in for land till the morning. Oil Thurfday, the jotli, when alwut four leagues dillant, we had tight of it, and its appearance was I ,• . ■ . . t^ill flat and woody. Abundance of the brown (cum was IHII f\:cn on the furfiice of the fea, and the failoi ., convinced that it was not ("pawn, gave it the whimtirn' name of fea-faw-dull:. \Vc now held a northward courfe, fcarcely within light of land, anil as the wa- ter was but iuft deep enough to navigate the velli', many unfurcefsful attempts were maile to bring her near enough to get on Ihorc ; it was therefore deter- mined to land in one of the boats, while the (liip kept plying oHand on. In confcqiicnce of this refoliition. On Momlay, Sept. the {d, Capt. took, Mr. Banks, and Dr. Solander, attended by the boat's crew, and Mr. Banks's I'crvant, fer olf from the thip in the pinnace, being in all twelve peifons well armed. We rowed di- recth to the Ihore, but when come within two hundred yards of it, wc found the water fo (liallow, that wc were obliged to leave the boat, in the care of two of the failors, and wade to land. We hail no fooner reached the thore, than we faw fcveral prints of human feeC on the (and, below higii water mark, from whence it was evident, that the natives had been there. Wc concluded they could be at no great dillancc, and as a thick wtxjil came ilown within a hundred yards of the water, we proceeded with caution, that our retreat to the lx)at might not be cut oil". We walked by the fide of the wixxl, and came to a grove of coco.i-nut trees, not far from which was a llietl, or hut, which had been covered with leaves, and near it lay a number of frefh ihellsof the fruit. At a fmail dillancc from this place we found plantains; and having now ;;:tvancrd abiHit a quarter of a mile fioin the boat, three Indians milled out ol' the wool \' jth a liivleous thout, .it about the dirtance of a hundred yards ; and as ihey ran to- wards us, the tiircmoll throw fomcthiiig riut ot hi.: hand, which Hew on one tide ol him, and burnt ex- actly like gun- powder, but made i.o report; and thi^ other two threw their lances at us. No time was to be loll ; wc difchargcd our pieies, loaded w itl\ fiiiail thor oniv ; which we imagine they did not feel ; for, with- out retreating, they call a third dart . we tlicrelbro now loaded with ball, and (ireil a fecon.l tinu-. It is pro- babie fome ol' them were wounded, as thcs- all look to their heels with great agilitv. U'e improved this in- terval, in which the detlriiCtion of the natives was ii.> longer nccellliry to our own delence, and with all ex- pedition returned to our boat, in the way we per- ceived Iignal > on board, that more Indiajis were coming down in a body ; and bctoie we got into the water, wc perceived fe\eial of them coming round a point at the didance of alxxit live hiuidicd yards. When they faw \n the)- halted, and fceiucd to wait till their main bixly lliould join them. They continued in this llation, with- out giving Us any interuiption, while wecnirrcd the wa- ter, and waded tou.ird tlic boat. Wc now took a view of thciii .tt uiukil'uie. Thc\- ir.adc much the fame ap? ,1 , .-. pearancc cook's first voyage — for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the World, 73 lat the natives ot other, by the wca- md received from of their bodies. liiiiMii^ it.h'rr — .T/.r f, -.vilb iijpccimoi /,• >f the brown fctitn b, and the iailoi .. e it the Avhini(ir;il licld a northwaiil , anil as the \\:i- avipatc the velK!, laiie to brinj^ her as therefore (letcr- ihile the (liip kept jfthis refohition. Conk, Mr. Bank.s i.it's crew, and Mr. ip in the pinnai'e, \. We rowed di- ithin two hundred flialIo«, that wc carcof twoof the no fooner reached Its of human feeC k, from whenre it been tliere. We dilhancc, and as a dred jards of the that our retreat to talked by the fide f cocoa-nut trees, r hut, which hail t lay a number ol ihlh-iMCc from this nj^ MOW ;;:Uancrd iiat, thri-c Indians IS fluHit, .It about id as vliey ran to- ■thing out of hi: 11, and burnt ex.- report ; and th." io time was to \\f d with fn;all Ihoi ; feel ; for, with- \ve thcrefiiro now time. It is pro~ s ihes' all took to niproved this m- le nati'.es was im and witli all ex- the way we per- iaiis were coming Uo the water, we nd a point at the >Vhen tluy iaw us their main body his Ihition, with- eenrcicd thcwa- now took a view uth the famcapr pearaiice pcarance as the New Hollanders, being nearly of the fame ftature, and having their hair fliort cropped. They were alfo like them ftark naked. During this time they were fliouting at a.diftancc, and letting off their fires, which fecmed to be difcharged by a fliort piece of ftick, probably a hollow cane, t'lis being fwung fideways, produced fire and fmoke like that occafioned by a niufquet. The crew on board the fliip faw this flrange appearance, and thought the natives had fire arms. Thofc w ho went out in the boat, and had rowed a bread of them, fired fome mufquets above their heads, the balls of which being heard by the natives rattling among the trees, they retired very deliberately, and our people in the boat returned to the fliip. Upon examining the lances that had been thrown at us, we found they were made of a reed, or bamboo cane, the points of which were of hard wood, and barbed i.. many places. They were light, ill made, and about four feet long. Such was the force with which they were difcharged, that they went beyond us," though we were at fixty yards diftance, but in what manner they were difcharged we could not determine ; probably they might be thrown with a ftick, in the manner practiced by the New Hollanders. This place is in latitude 6 dcg. 1 5 min. S. The whole coaft of this country is low land, but covered with a luxuriance of wood and herbage beyond dcfcription beautiful. The cocoa-nut, bread-fruit, and plantain tree, all fiouriflied here in the highell perfecHon, belides molt of the trees, (lirubs, and plants, that are common to the South Sea iflands. This day, Monday, Sept. the 3d, we made fail to the weftward, being rcfolved to fpend no more time upon this cojil ; but before we got under fail, fome of the officers rtiongly urged the Captain to fend a party of men on lliorc, to cut down the cocoa-nut trees, for the fake of the fruit. This Capt. Cook, with equal wifdom and humanity, peremptorily rcfufed, as unjuft and cruel ; fenfible that the poor Indians, who could not brook even the landing of a fmall party on their coaft, would have made a vigorous eftbrt to defend their property had it been invaded; confequently many mull have fallen a facrificc on their fide, and perhaps fome our own people. " I ftiould, (fays Capt. Cook) have regretted the necelTity of fuch a meafure, if I had been in want of the necellaries of life; and cer- tainly it would have been highly criminal when nothing vas to be obtained but two or three hundred green ccKoa-nuts ; which would at moll have procured us a mere tranlient f.natification. I might indeed have pro- cctdeii farther alon^ the coaft to the northward, or weftward, in fearch of a place where the fliip might have lain fo near the ftiore, as to cover the [leople w ith iier guns when they landed; but this would have ob- viated only part of the mifchief, and though it might have fecured us, it would probably in the very ad have been fatal to the natives. Befides, we had reafon to think that before fuch a place could have been found, we Ihould have bci n carried fo far to the weftw.ud as to have been obliged to go to Baiavia, on the north iide of Java, through the ftreights of Sunday : the iiiip alio was lb \ery leaky that 1 doubted whether it would not be necellary to heave her down at Ijatavia, which wa^ another reaibii for making the bell of our way to that place, efpecially as no difcoveries could be expected in (eas which had already been navigated, and where every coaft had been laid down by the Dutch geographers." On Saturday the 8th, we palTed too fmall iflands, on one of which Capt. Cook would have landed, but hav- ing only ten fathom water, the ground being alfo rockv, and the wind blow ing frelh, we might have endangered the fafety of the fliip. We now lailed at a moderate rate till next morning at three o'clock ; after which we had no ground w ith 1 20 fathoms. Before noon we Jiad fight of land, which was conjedured to be either the Arrou Iflands, or Timor Laoet. We were now in lititude 9 d'.g. 37 min. S. and in longitude 233 deg. 54 min. W, We flood oft' and on during the night, and on Wedncfday the \ 2tli, wc law a ntuiiber of Hits and fmoke in feveial places, from wIkhlc ii was con- No. 5. jedlurcd that the place was well peopled. The land near the fhore was covered with high trees, not unlike pines; farther back were cocoa-trees and mangroves s. there were many falt-watcr creeks, and fcveral fpots of. ground which appeared to have been cleared by art j . and the whole country rofc, by gradual flopes, into hilU of a very confiderable height. The land and fea breezes being now very flight, wc continued in light of the ifland for two days," when it was obferved that the hills reached in many places quite to the fea-coaft, and where that was not the cafe, there were large and noble groves of the cocoa-nut tree, which ran about a mile up the country, at which diftance great numbers of houfes and plantations were feen ; the plantations were furroundcd with fences, and extended nearly to the fuminits of the moft lofty hills, yet neither the natives nor cattle were feen on any of them, which was thought a very extraordinary circumftance. Fine groves of the fan palm fliadcd the houfes from the rays of the fun. On the 1 6th, wc had fight of the little ifland called Rottc ; and the fame day faw the ifland Semau, at a diftance to the fouthward of Timor. The ifland of Rotte is chiefly covered with bufliy wood without leaves ; but there are s number of fan palm trees on it, grow- ing near the landy beaches ; and the whole confifts of alternate hills and valleys. " c ifland of Semau is not fo hilly as Timor, but refeinbles it greatly in other re- fpects. At ten o'clock this night a dull reddifli light was feen in the air, many parts of which emitted rays of a brighter colour, which fixin vaniflied and were fucceeded by others of the fame kind. This phccno- menon, which reached about ten degrees above the horizon, bore a confiderable refemblance to the Aurora Borealis, only that the rays of light which it emitted had no tremulous motion: it was furveyed for two hours, during which time its brightnefs continued un- diminiflied. As the iiiip was now clear of all the iflands which had been laid down in fuch maps as were on board, we made fail during the night, and were furprifed the next morning at the fight of an illand to the W. S. W. which wc flattered ourfelvcs was a new difcovery. Before noon wc had light of houfes, groves of cocoa-nut trees, and large flocks of llicep. This was a welcome fight to people whofc health was declining for want of rcfrefliment, and it was inftantly refolved to attempt the purchafe of what weftood fo much in need of. The fecond licutenanc was immediately difpatched in the pinnace, in fearch of a landing-place ; and he took with him fuch things as it was thought might be acceptable to the natives During Mr. Gore's abfence, the people on board faw two men on horfeback upon the hills, who frequently ftopped to take a view of the veffel. The lieutenant fooii returned with an account that he had entered a little cove, near which ftood a few houfes ; that fcveral men advanced and invited him to land; and that they converfed together fo well as they could by ligns. He reported that thefe people were very like the Malays, both in perfon and drefs ; and faid they had no other arms but a knife which each of them wore in his girdle. The lieutenant not being able to find any place in wliich the Ihip might come to anchor, he was difpatch- ed again with money and goods to buy fuch neceffa- ries as were immediately wanted for the (ick. Dr. Sola.ider attended the lieutenant, and during their ab- feiice, the fliip ftood on and otf the fliore. Soon after the boat had put otf, two other horfemen were 'i<: abience. COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE — for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the World. 75 )oke that language. on, which when the an Englifli fliccp, prcfcnted to him. ar, encouraged the Mr. Banks politely ; glafs was alfo put ^r Langc having in- 3e very acceptable. the idand abound- i fowls, plenty of fliore the next day. d the liquor circii- dians or the Saxon ■, the refolution to icy were quite in- kck, they were re- thcy came aboard, ^ Haja cxj^rclling a jfity was ^ratilicd. ng oblhved tl'cni iiuich fiirprizLd at their niaiuruvrcs. he nri:ck the lide g at the lame time ie but one rliek." ielits, and on their IS. Mr. Hanks wii!i nd wlien they put hrce cheers. Our toun, tailed their e of the trees, mi. dira|;;recable talle, ; might contribute The hoiifis of ihs )of, fuppot ted over • feet high. ling, Capt. Ox)k, on if.ore to return ention was to pur- V had been allured ven down to the at finding no (Icps however, we pro- ihich, with a few l-India C'ompanv, ving two pieces of orns, lixed at each •led to be wJiat the L-'s, from the Indian was defcribing the c law .VI r. 1-ingr loiho I.onii l)jarn, )Coplc;CaMf. Cook aded his boat with • tiir necelFary re- in to l.md them, igrecment for the fie to be paid lor xiiier hinted than \ tolil the captain, governor of (!on- iich Ihoiild be dif- ; was now far ad- ins on board, we \' a fmall ho?^ and ) drefs the dinner hat if we( oiild e.a 1 he coulil fiarccly nour of enteirain- d, the captain fent the lhi]i. it wa^ e were featcd on , it «as fervcd in icn conduced bv hich Hood a man he leaves of the our hands. Tlii, .vpcc'icd the king. d the reafon of liis abfcnce, abfenct, and were informed that the perfon who gave the cntertainnaent never partook of it with his guefts ; but that the Raja was ready to come and tafte of what was provided, if we entertained a thought thatthe vic- tuals' were poifoned. Wc declared that we did not harbour any fuch fufpicion, and dcHred thatthe cuftom of the country might not be violated on our account. When dinner was ended, the wine paffed brdkly, and wc invited the Raja to drink with cs, thinking if he would not cat with us, he might at leaft ihare in the jollity of the bottle; but he again excufcd himfelf, fay- initchman hoped more cafily to draw all the prefents ol any value into his own pocket. In the evening we were informed, that only a few ilicep had been brought to tlie beat h, which had been driven away before our people Kiuld procure money from the lliip to pay for them. Some toA Is however were Iwiight, and a large quantity of a kiiul of ("yriip made of the juice of the palm-tre;'. 'Miis, though infinitely fuperior to molall'es landcr was fcen coming from the town, followed by above a hundred inen, fome of whom were armed with muf- quets, and others w ith lances. Uixin enquiring into the meaning of this hollile appearance, the doctor in- formed us, the purport of a niellagc from the king was, according to Mr. Langc's interpretation, that the peo- ple would not trade with us bccaufe we had re fu fed to give them more than half the value for their commo- dities; and that we were not to exi)cc'l pcrmillion to trade upon any terms longer than this day. A native of Timor, whofc parent-, >verc Portuguefe, came down with this party, and delivered to the cap- tain what was pretended to be tl.c order of the Raja, and which was ui fubilancc the fame that I^uigc had told Dr. Solande'-; but it was afteruaids dillovcred that this man was a confident of Lang '^ in the fchcme of extortion. '1 he Englilh gcntlemtp had at the fiiinc time no doubt, but that the fuppolld order of the Raja was a contrivance of thefe men, and while tiiey were debiting how to act in this critical coiijun:turc, aiuious to bring the all'air to a fpecdy iliiic, the lV>itu;:uefe be- gan to drive auay flich of the nati\cs as had brought paliii-l)rup and tow Is to fell, and others who were now bringing llieep and bulfaloes to the market. At this luncturc Capt. Cook ha|ipening to look at the old man who had been dillinguilhed by the name of prime mi- nifter, imagined that he faw in his features a diliippro- bation of the prefent proceedings ; and, willing to im- prove tlie advantage, he grafped the Indian's hand, and gave him an old broad-lVord. This well-timed prefent proihiccd all the good elfeiils that could he willied ; the pur.:i ininillcr was enraptured at (0 honouiable a mark ofdiilinctiun, and brandilhing his I'word over the head of the impertinent I'ortuguefe, he made both him and a man who commanded the party, lit down behind him on the ground. I he whole bufincfs was now accom- plifhed ; the natives, eager to fiipply whatever was wanted, brought their cattle in tor fale, and the market was foon ftocked. For the firll two buffaloes, Capt. Cook gave ten guine-.s ; but he afterwauls purchafcd them by way of exch-ngc, giving a mulquet for each, and at this lale he might have bought any number he thought proper. There remained no doubt but that Langc had a profit out of the two that were fold; and that his reafon for having faid the natives would take nothing but gold f()r their cattle, was, that he might the more eafily thaie in the protiuce. Ca()t. Cook pur- chafcd of the natives of this illand fome hundred gal- lons of palm-l>rup, a fmall quantity of garlick, a large number of eggs, fome limes and cocoa-nuts, thirty do/.en of fowls, three hogs, fix Iheep, and nine butlalo,. We having obtained thefe nccclKiry articles, now pre- pared for filling from this place. 'I'hc illand ol Savu is lituated in lodeg. ^; min. .'^. latitude, :.nil zj,'] deg. \o iiiin. \V. longitude. Its length is between tweiuy and thirty miles. But its breadth Capt. C(xik could not afcertain, as he only faw the north tide of it. The harbour in which the fhip lay, was called Scba, from a dillrict of the countrs l(> denominated : and there are two other bays on iiitl'erc:.f |>arts of the iiland. .Xt the time the Lndcavour lav there it was near the end of the dry feafon, when it had not rained Itiralmod fevcn months, nor wai there a run- ning Ilrcam of frclh water tv) be feen, and the natives were fupplied onlv !iy iiiiall fprings, tituatcd at a dif- tancc u[> the cuciitrv, yet c sen in this dry f. afon the ;'.ppcaiancc 76 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. .m ;l:' appearance of the ifliiui was licautitiil. Near the coaft the land lies level, and well cloathcd with palm, called Arci;ao, and cocoa-nut trees. Farther off, the ground rifes in the nioft gradual afccnt, and is covered with fair palm-trees even to the tops of the hills, fo as to prefcnt a regular grove to the view. The rains in this country ccafc in March or April, and f;\ll again in Odo- ber or November, and thcfe rains produce abundance oFindtro, millett, and maize, which grow beneath the linelt trees in the country. Bclidcs thcfe articles, the ifiand produces tobacco, cotton, betel, tamarinds, limes, oranges, mangoes, guinea corn, rice, callevances, and water-melons. A fmall quantity of cinnamon was feen, and fomc European herbs, fuch asgarlick, fennel, celery, and marjoram, befides which, there arc fruits of various kinds, and particularly the blimbi, which has a iharp tafte. and is a fine pickle, but it is not eaten raw; its length is from 3 to 4 inches; it is nearly as thick as a man's thumb, of an oval form., covered witii a very thin fkin, of a very light green, and contains a number of feeds ranged in the fliape of a ftar. Several buffaloes were feen on this ifiand which were almoff as l.irgc as an OX; and from a pair of enormous horns of this ani- m.-»l, wIulIi Mr. Banks faw, it was fiippofed that fomc of them were much larger; yet they did not weigh more than half as much as an ox of the fame fize ; having loff the greater part of their fleih through the lite dry weather : the meat however was juicy, and of a delicate flavour. The horns of thelc animals btiid backwards; they ha i no dew-laps, and fcarrc any hair on the''' (kins, and their ears were remarkably large. The other tame animals on the illand arc dojjs, cats, pigeons, fowls, hogs, goats, (lieep, affes, and horfes. Few of the horfes are above twelve hands high, yet they arc full of mettle, and pace naturally in an cxpciliti- ous manner: the natives ride them with a halter only. The hox-i of thii countp,' arc fed on the hulks of rice and palm-fvrup mixed with water, and are remarkably fine and fat. The llieep is not unlike a goat, anvl are therefore called Cabaritos ; their ears, which are long, hang down under their horns; their nofes arc arched, and their bodies covered with hair. The t<)\\ls are of the game kind, and though they are rather large, the hen lavs a very fm;ill egg. The fea-coaft fiirniihts the inhabitants with turtle, but not in any great abundance. T he people of this idand arc rather below the mid- dle l>anire ; their hair is bla* k and llrair, and perfons of all ranks, as well thofe that are expofed to the wea- ther, as ihofe that are not, have one general complexion, whuh IS the dark brown. The men are well t'ormed an.l fprightly, and their features ditler much trom each other; the women, on the contrary, have all one let of features, are very fliort, and broad built. 'Ihe men hive (ilver pincers hiuiging by firings round their necks, with which they pluck out the hair ol' their beards; and both men and woman root out the luir that grows under their arms; the hair of the womens heads is tied in a club behind, while ehc men wear a kind of turlunon their heads, formed of mullin, cotton, or e\tii with lilk hanilkerihiefs,but the heads ot the wo- men h.ise no cdvering. Thedrefsof the men c(>nlills of two pieces of (otton cloth, one ot which ik bound round the midiilc, and the lowcreilge of it being drawn pretty tight between the legs, the upper edge is left loofe, fo as to (()rm a kind of pocket, in which they carry knives and other tilings; the other piece being pa'.T under the former on the back of the wearer, the ends of it aic (.irried over the llioulders, and tut kcd inio the poi ket before. The women drew the upper edge of the |)iece roiin Ithe waifl tight, while rhe lower edge dropping to the k;ieis, make a kind of petticoat : the other piece ol f loth is falUiied a-c:rofs the bread, and under the arms. This (loth, which is manufaciured by the natives, is dyed blue while in the yarn ; and as it is of various lliadc;, its look, when it comes to be worn, is very beautiful. Their ornaments are very numerous, and confift of ling--, luads worn round the neck and 6n the wriffs, and i.h;i!nf of plaited gold wire, arc likewifc worn by 4 both fcxcs; but the women had likewifc girdles of beads round their waifls, which ferved to keep up tUeir petticoats. Both fexcs had their cars bored without a fnigle exception, that we faw, but we never obfervcil an ornament in any of them. Nor did we perceive cither man or woman in any thing but what appeared to be their ordinary drefs, except the king and his mi- nillcr, who in general wore a kind of night-gow n of coarfe chintz, and the latter once received us in a black robe, which appeared to be made of prince's Itulf. One perfon, in the way of finery, had a filver-hcadcd cane, marked with a kind of cypher, conlifting of the Roman letters V. O. C. which might have been a prcfent from the Dutch Eaff-India Company, whofe mark it U. Wc alfo faw boys about twelve or fourteen years oKi, having fpiral circles of thick brafs wire paffed three or four times round their arms, above the elbow ; and upon the fame part of the arm, fome of the men had ringj of ivory, two inches broad, and about one in thicknels ; thefc we were informed were the fons of the Raja's or chiefs, whofe high births were diftinguiflicd by thcfe cumbrous ornaments. Mofl of the men had then names marked on their arms, and the women had i lliuarc ornament of flouriflied lines imprinted juff uniler the bend of the elbow. On enquiry it was found tint this practice had been common among the Indians long betbrc they were vilited by any Europeans ; and in the neighbouring iilands, it was faid, ihe inhabitants were marked w ith circles upon their necks and breads. W'c were (Iruck with the iimilitucie between thcfe marks, and thofe matle by tattaowing i.i the South Sea iflands; and M. Boffu's account of fome Indians who dwell on the banks of Akan/.a, a river in North America, which tails into the MillilTippi, will ail'ord a probable con- jecture how the operation is performed. " The .M- kanzas, fays he, have adopted me, and as a mark of my privilege, have imprinted the figure of a roe-buck upon my thigh, which was done in this manner : an Indian having burnt fome Hraw, diluted the aihes with wa- ter, and with this mixture, drew the figure upon my Ikin ; he then retraced it, l)y pricking the lines with needles, fb as at every puncture jufl to draw the blood, and the blood mixing v. ith the allies of the Itraw, tbrms a figure which can never be etfaced." 'I'he hollies of Savu are all built upon the fame plan, but dilfer in fize, according to the rank aiul wealth ol the proprietors, lieing from twenty feet to four huii- ihed, and they are fixed on polls of' about fiiur or live feet iVoiu the ground. One end of' thefe is driv^-i into the ground, and upon the other is laid a floor ot wood, whiih makes a \ai ant fpace of four feet between the floor of the houfe and the ground. On thi.'; IVuir arc raifed other pillars that fupptirt a roof of floping fides, which ineet in a riilgc at the top, like thofe ot our barns ; the caves of this roof', which is thatche^l with palm leaves, reach w ithin two f<;et of the tlooi, anil over-hang it a.-, much. The fpace within is gene- rally divided lengilivi ife into three equal parts ; the miil- lile part, or center, ii iiu lofcd by a partition (jf tour tides, rcai hi ng about fix feet alxive the floor, and on- or two fiuall rooms are alio fometiiiies taken off tioiii the (ide^ ; the refi of the fpace uiuler the roof is open, fe) as freely to admit the air and the light. The parti- ( ular iiles of thele apartments we coukl not, iluring our tliort flay, learn, i xcept that the clofe room in the ceii' ler was apptopriateil to the women. As to the fooil of thefe people, they r.it all the tame animals to be found in the illand ; but they prefer the hoj', to all others ; next to this they admire horie-tlefli ; to which fucceeds the buffalo, then poultry ; and the. prefer cats and dogs to goats and (liee[i. I'llh, wc be- lieve, is not eaten but by the poor, noi b); them, except when their liuty or bufinefs requires them to be upon the beach, and then each man has a light catling net, which is girt round his body, and witli this he takes any fmall fifli which may come in his way. The moil remarkable aiul ufefiil tree that grows on the ifland is the fan palm. Its ufes are fo various, that it requires particular rwticc. At ceitain times it is j fucccdancum for all other food Iwili to man and bcall. ( A kind cook's first VOYAGE-^for making Difcoverics in the South Seiis &: Round the JForld. 77 i A kind of wine, called toddy, is extradcd from this tree by cutting the buds, and tying under them Jmall bafl^cts. made Sf the leaves. The juicc which trickles into thefc viJlTels is coUedted morning and evening, and is the common drink of ill the inhabitants. '1 he na- tives call this liquor dua or duac. and both the fyrup i and fugar, gula. The iyrup is not unlike treacle, but i is fomcwhat thicker, and has a more agreeable tafte. The fugar is of a redifli brown, probably the fanie with ' the jugata fugata fugar upon the cotitincnt of India, i and X.oo\.\\ tifte it w as more agreeable than any cane fu- gar, unrefined. We at firft apprehended that the fy- rup', of which fonie of our people cat great quantities, would have occafioned fluxes, but what eftect it pro- duced was rather falutaiy than hurtful. This fyrup is ufcd to fatten hogs, dogs, and fowls; and the inhabi- tants thcmfclves have fublillcd upon this alone tor Ic- vcral months, when other crops have failed, and ani- mal food has been fcarcc. With the leaves of this tree the natives thatch their houfes. and make ba(l<.cts. cups, umbiellas and tobacco-pipes. They make lead: account of the fruit, and as the buds are wounded for the tuac or toddv, there is very little produced. It is nearly of the lize of a full grown turnip 5 and the kernels mull be eaten bclbre it is ripe, othenvife they are fo hard, that the teeth will not penetrate them. As liie-uooil is very fcarce, the natives, by the fol- luuing method, make a very little anfwer the ends of rookcn- and dill illation. A hollow is dug underground, like a rahbii buirow, \r a horizontal direction about two yard, lon'j;, with a hole at e.ich end, one of which is large, and the other fmall. 'I'he fire is put in at tiie large hole, and the finall one ferv-es for a draught. Cir- cular holes are made through the earth w hich covers th s cavitv, on which arc let eiirthcn pots, l-.irge in the nVieldle, and fmaller towards the bottom, lo that the fire acts upon a large part of the liirfi'.e. They con- tain generally about eight or ten gallon,, each, and it is furpriling to fee with what a inuill (|uannty (jf fuel they are kept boiling. In this manner tiny boil all their victuals, and make all their f^uiii) and fugar. The Fe- ru\ian Indims have a eontrivante oT tlie llime kind ; and nerluips by the poor in other countri'-i it might I.e adopteel with advantage. In this illand both fexes are enllavid vious eiilUim of chewing beetle and aie the [HTiii-- eontni.ued (■sen while ihev are children. With tliel'e they mix a liirtol' white li;He, compofed of coral Hones and (liclls, 10 which is added frcijuently a fmall liuantity of to- bacco, whereby tb.eir mouths aie rendered difguHlul tioLh to the light and the fniell ; lor the tobaceo in- r.\ts their breath, and the beetle and lime make the tuth botli blaek atid rotten. We liiw many of both fcxc:; wluile tore teeth were eonlunitil, irregulatly, al- inoll ilov, nto the gums, and corrodeii like iron by mil. ri.i., lol'j ol tcedi has generally been attributed to the iiiiii'ii iliingy coat of i!ie areea nut; but our gentlemen imputed it wholly to the lime; for tin: teeth are not liiolened or broken, as might he the (afe by chewing of hard and rough fubllances, but they are gradually walUd, as even metalsare l>y jiowerful acids; and they • I'.iy not be midaken who fu[ipofe that fugar has a bad clfect upon the teeth of lairopeans, leeing retincd fu- g.ir contains a confiderahle quantity of hme, anei it is will known, that lime will ilellmy bone of any kind. Wheti the natives are at any time not ehexving bicile ,i;id aiv a, they then are linoking. The manner of doing this is bv rolling up a fmall quantity of tobacco, ,i!Kl putting it into one end of a tube, about fix inches lung, as thiek as a goofe quill, and made of a pahn- Uaf. The women in particular were oblcrved to Iwal- low thefmoke. 'I'he illand is divieied into live didrids or nigrecs, each of which is governed by a Raja. Thele are called l.aii, Seba, Regeeua, Timo, and Malfara. We went alhore at Seba. and found a Raja that governed with abfolute authority. He was about five and thirty, and the moll corpulent man wc had feen upon the whole ul.ind. But though he governed with an unlimited authority, he took very little regal pomj) upon him. No. 9. He was directed almofl implicitly by Mannu Djarme. the old man, his prime minifler. already men- tioned ; yet notwithllaiuling the power with which he was inveilcd. he was univerfally beloved, a fure proot that he did not abufe it. Mr. Lange informed Capt. Cook, that the chiefs w ho had fuccellively prefided over the live principalities of this ifland, had lived for time immemorial in the moll cordial friendihip with each other; yet. he faid, the people were of a warlike dil- polition, and had always courageoufly defended thcm- felves agiiinfl foreign invaders. We w ere told alio, that: the inhabitants of the illand could raife. on a fliort no- tice. 7.300 lighting men armed with mufquets ; of which number Laai was fiid to furnifh 2,600, Seba zooo, Regeeua i,$oo, Timo 800, and Mailaia 400. Bclides the arms already mentioned, each man is fur- niihcd with a large mafly pole-ax, which, in the hands of people who have courage, mull be a formidable weapon. In the ufe of their lances tlvefe people arc fiiid to be fo expert, that they can pierce a man through the heart at lixty or feventy yards dillancc : yet the Raja had always lived at peace with his neighbours. This account of the maitial prow efs of the inhabi- tants of Savu mav be true ; but during our flay we law no appearance of it. ^k-fore the tow n houfe indeed, we fiw .about one Ivjndred fpeais and targets, whichferved to arm thole who were lent down to intimidate us at the trailing place, but they feemed to be the refufe of old armories, no two being of the fame make or length, tiir Ibmc were fix. otb.ers iixtten feet long. Not one fir.ce was among them, and though the mufquets were clean on the outlide, within thev were eaten b\- the rull into holes ; and the people themllKes appeared to be f) litile acquainted w ith niil;iar\ difciphne. thai they c.mie dow n l;l;e a dilbrderly rah'iie, every one having acock, liime toha'co, or other ir.ercliandife, and tew or none of their cartouch boxes were liirniflied with either ]io'.vi'.er or ball, but a |>iecc of paper was thrull into tlie holes to liive appearances. We likewife law betoie the houfe of allcmbly a grsat gun, tome fw ivels, and paiararoes: but the great gun lay with the touch- hole to the (ground, and the fw ivels and patararoes were not in their carria^Tos. The inhabit Hits of Savu arc divided into live ranks, namely, the R;ijas, the land owners, the numufacturers, tiie ler\ants, an.l the Haves. The Raias are chief ; the land ouiu'isai'c refpected in nro;)ortion to their ellates, and the nMi'iiberof their Haves, which lull arc bought and l()ld with their eJhites ; but a fat hcg is the price of one It' puivhafed feparately. Notwithllanding a man may thus fell his f;;»ve, or convev him with his lands, yet his (>owir does not extend fartlier, as he may not even llrike hini witho'.t the Raja's permiHion. I'he ellates ot' thele I r.id-holders are of vei v ililfc-^nt ex- tent : Ibmc of them not poffelling above (v e Haves, whilll others have 500. When a man of ruik goes ;ibiiiad, one ol his llaves follows him with a lilver hiked fword or hanger, ornamented with horfe hair talfeU. and another carries :i little bag containing to- bacco, betle, areca, and lime. This is all the Hate that even the R^ijas themfelves take upon them. Thcfc people have a great veneration tor antiquity. Their principal boall is of a long line of venerable an- ceHors. Thol'e houfes that have been well tenanted for fuccelhve generations, are held in the highell cHeeni; even the llones wli h are worn lliiooth by havin!>; been fat upon tor ages, ilerive a certain value lin!:i that circumHance. He whole progenitors have be- queathed him any i-^'i thete Hones, or whole wealth has enabled him to purchat'e them, catifes them to be ranged round his habitation, for his lervants and Haves to fit upon. The Raja caufes a large Hone to be fet up in the chief town of each diHrict as a monument of his reign. In the province of Seba, thirteen li'ch Hones were feen as well as th.e remains of fevcral others which were much worn. Thefe lloncs were all ]ilaccd on the top of a hill, and (bme of them were of' fuch an enormous live that it was ama/iiig by what means they could have been brought thiiher ; nor could any infor- mation on this head be obumed froi^j the natives : U thcfc .#!» 78 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ' ■' I thcfc moiuiincnts, however, indicated that for a feries orgcncrations, the ifland had been regularly governed. — When a Raja dies, proclamation is made that all thofe who have been his lubjedu ihall hold a foiemn fcftival. On this they proceed to the hill where thefe ftones arc erected, and fealt for fevcral weeks, killing all the ani- mals that fuit their purpofe, wherever they can be found, in order to furnilh the treat, which is daily fervcd up on the monumental ftones. When they have thus exhauded their whole (lock, they arc coni- pclled to keep a faft ; and when the feart happens to end in the dry feafon, when they cannot get vegetables to eat, they have no other fubliftance than the palm f)rup and water, till the few animals which have efcaped the general mailacrc have bred a fufhcient number for a frelh fupply, except the adjacent diftrict happens to be in a condition to relieve them. The natives of Savu have an inftrument with which they clear the cotton of its feeds ; it is about feven inches in height and fourteen in length. They have alio a iiiachine witii which they fpin by hand, as was the cullom before the invention of fpinning wheels in Europe. The inhabitants of this ifland were in general robull and healthy, and had every mark of longevity. The fmall [jox, however, is a dillcmper with which they .ire acquainted, and which they dread as much as a pelHIencc. When any perfon is attacked by it, he is carried to a fpot at a dillance from the houfes, w here his fotxl is conveyed to hin\ by means of a long (lick, as no one dares to venture near him. Abandoned by all his friends, he is there left to live or die .is it may happen, w itiiout being admitted to any comforts of the communitv. The Portugnefc very early vifitcd this ifland, on which tiiey ellabiilhed a fettlemcnt, but foon after they were fiicceeded by the Dutch, who without for- mally taking polfelTion of the place, fent a number of trading velfels in order to cllabliili a commerce with the natives. Moll of the Dutch purchafes, it is fup- pofed, are coiifmed to a fupply of provifions for the .Spiie-Ili.inils, the inhabitants of which breed but a fmall niinil)i.i of cattle. The Dutch Hall India Com- pany made an agreement with the feveral Rajas of the illands, that a quantity of rice, maize, and cailavances Ihould be annually furniflied to their people, who, in return, were to I'uppl) the Rajas with (ilk, linen, cut- lery wares, ami arrack. Certain fmall vellels, each having (in board ten Indians, are fent from Timor to bring away the 111,1 ize and cailavances, and a ihipthat brings the articles tiirnilhed by the Dutch, rccei\esthe ill e on board oni e a year ; and as there are thrtr bays nn this mall, this villcl anchors in each of them in rum. The Diiti h articles of commerce are accepted bv the Rjjas as a prclent; and tliey and their chief at- tendants drink oi the arrack without intermillion till it is exhaulled. It rtas in the agreement above-mentioned that the Rajas (lipulatcd, that a Dutch rcfident (liould be con- (lantly on the illand. Accordingly this Lange, whom weha\c nKinioncd, was Cent thither in that capacity, and a liirt ot allilhmt with him, whole father was a I'lirtugucle, and his mother a native of Timor, with one Iredeiu: l.'raig, whole father was a Dutchman,and his mother an Iiuiiaii. Mr. l^ngc vilits the Ra)a in llatc, attended by lifty flavcs on horfe-bark, and il the crops are ripe, orders velfel to convey them immedi- ately to Timor, fo that they arc not even houfed upon the ifland. It is likewife fiart of his bufinefs toperfuade the landholders to plant, if he perceives that thoy arc backward in that particular. 'I'his relident had been ten years on tht.- illand, when the Endeavour touched there, during all which time he had not feen any white perfons, except thofe who came annually in the Dutch velfel, to carry olf the nee, as aliove-mentioned. He was married to a native of Timor, and lived in the fame manner as the natives of Savu, whofe language he fpokc better than any other. He fat on the ground like the Indians, and (.hewed betlc, and fecmed inevery tiling to refi iiible them, except in his complexion and 1 the drefs of his country. As to Mr. Craig, his af- fillant, he was employed in teaching the native ^0 write and read, and inilruding thcin in the princi ' •% of Chriftianity. Though there was neither clcrgyui in nor church to be feen upon the illand, yet this Mr. Craig averred, that in the townfliip of .Seba only, there were 600 ChriQians: as to the religion of thofe who have not embraced Chrillianity, it is a peculiar fpcciis of Paganifm, every one having a god of his own, fonic. what after the manner of the Cemics heretofore men- tioned. Their morality, however, is much purer than could be expected from fuch a people. Robberies arc fcarcely ever cominitted. Murder is unknown amoiip; them ; and though no man is allowed more than oik- wife, they are (Irangcrs to adultery, and almoll fo to the crime of limple fornication. When any difputes arill' between the natives, the determination of the Raja m decilive and fatisfaClory. Some obfervations were made upon the language of the natives, by the gentlemen, while the velfel lay here; and a kind of vocabuLii) formed, a Iketch of which we have here inferted ; Momonnc, A limn. Mobunne, A ivomiVt. Catoo. 1'h,- hfiul. Row catoo. The hiin: Matta, The ryes. Rowna matta. I'he eye-LiJhes. Swanga, The iiofe. Cavarang.a, The eheeks. Wodeek', The c.jr.f. Vaio, The Iniif^iu: I.acoco, 7/.V iierk. .Soofoo, Ihe /ire.i/ls. CalHK) fcKifoo Ihr nipples. Diilioo, TIm- helly. Allbo, The iiaiel. Tooga, The Ihi^^hs. Rootoo, The hiees. Baibo, The leys. Dunceala. The feet. Kilfovei )illa. The loes. Camacoo, The iiims. Wulaba, The hitiid. Cabaoii, A iiiffd). Djara, A horfe. \ avee. A %. Doomlia, Ajheep. Kefavoo, A $0iU. Guaca, A Jo^. Maio, A cat. Mannu, A fax!. Carow, 'J if uii.: I'angoutoo, The hmk. lea. Ajijb. Unjoo, A turtle. Nieu, A eoeoti-wit. Iloacerec, I'un palm. Calclla, Aui^i. Canana, lieelle. Aou, I. line. Maanadoo, Ajijh.lmk. Tata, Tiloii, or mari Ixido, The/uii. Wurrtw, The moon. Aidatfee, 7 he feu. A ilea. If-'titer. Am-, I'm: M.aate, To Me. Tabudge, Tojleep. Tatee too. To rije. Ulfe, One. l.hua. T1V0. Tullu. 'Jhree. Uppah, I'onr. Lumme, live. Unna, Six, Pedu. Seven. Arru, Ei^ht. Saou, hine. Singooroo, COOK'- FIRST VOYAGE — for making DifcoverUi in the South Seas & Round the World. 79 IS Mr. Craig, his af- hing the iiativt .0 ein in the princi ' j IS neither derg) ni m ifland, yet this Mr. > of Scba only, there igion of thofe wIk, is a peculiar fpccic, Ki of hisoun.foiiic- nics heretofore nicn- is much purer thai) iplc. RoiDbcries an r is unknown anionf. )wcd more than oik and ahnoll fo to the en any difputes arifr at ion of the Raja i, l-r vat ions were niadi- , by the gcntlcniun, kind of vocabiiUn :: iicrc inferred ; y. ■Iiijhes. •ks. lie. 'i/h. )/l 1. iS ',t 6. If one or more of thcfc (hips, in company with the Endeavour, is departed for this or any other place ? 7. If during the voyage any particutaritics is hap- pened, or fecn ? 8. If not any fliips in fca, or the ftreightsofSunda, havcfccn, or hailed in, am! wiiich? 9. If any other news worth of attention, at the place from whence the fhip iaitiy departed, or during the voyage, is happened? H A TAViA in the Caftfc. I5y ordrrof the (lovernor General, and the C'ounfeilors of India, J. Ukandfr Bl'ngl. Sec. The ofTicerohrerving, that the Captain did not thiifc to anfwcr any of the above quelUons, except rhe full and fourth, he faid that the rcll were not in.iriTiil, though it was remarked that jufl afterw ards he altiniied he muft difpatth the paper to Batavia, at which plat e it would arrive by the next day. This exammuiioii was rather extraonlinary, and the more fo, as it liocs not feeni to have been of any long llandiiit',. As foon as the Dutch othccr departed, tlic anchor was weighed, l)Ut in lour hours the Ihip was forced to come to an anchor ag.iin, till a brcc/c Ipiangnp j lie then held on her ctnulb till the next morning, when on account of the ra|iidiiy of the ( lurent, the anchor was dropped again. At lall we weighed on the t>th. and llood clear of a l.irj'c Icilgeof rocks, whit h \\v lud at- niolt ran upon the preceding day. liut in the fore- noon we were once more obliged to anchor near a htrle ifland that was not laid ilown in any chart on lioaid. It was foimd to he one of thofc called the Miiles Illcs. Mr. Hanks am! Dr. Solandrr having landcil upon ir, collected a lew plants, iuid Ihot a bat which was a yard long, l)iing nicafurcil from the extreme points of the wings ; they alio killed a few plovers on this illand, the breadth of whit h does not exceed one hundred vards, and the length live hundred ; they found a houfe and a liitlc fpot of culti\ated ground, anil on it grew the P.ilina Clirilli, from which the \\'c-ll Indians nuke their laOoroif. In a little time after the grntrcnncn returned to the rtiip, fome Mala\s came ah)ng-lide in a boat, bring- ing with them jtompions, ilrieii filh, aiul turtle, tor fiile ; (•lie of the turtles, whit h weighed near one hiin- drt d and fift\ pounds, thev fold for a dollar, and feemrd to tXjK'Ct the lame piece of money for their Iriiir ; but i: being hinted to them that a dollar was too nuich, they lit tired that one might be cut, and a piece of it given to ih(',;i, but this not being comi)lied with, they at > :ig!h fold twenty-lix pompions for a Portuguefe pe- ta' ka. When they lieparteti, they intimated their wi;lict, that this traiilaction might not be mentioned at B.iraviu. We now made but little way tifl night, when the l.and-brcv.zc fpringing up, we failed to the 1'^. S. K. and on the lollowing day, by the alliftance of the lea-brteze, came to an anchor in the road of Batavia. At tins place we found a lumiber of large Dutch vellel^, flu- \ larcourt I'^IV-lniliaman Imin Englamf, whii h hail lotl her pallage to China, and two lliifw iK'longing to the private trade of our India company. 'J'he LMidea- \our had no fooner anchored, than a Ihip was o!)ferved, with a broad pendant flying, from which a b«Kit was dilpatchrd to demand the name of the vcHel, with that of the commander, &c. To ihefe enquiries Cap- tain Cook gave fuch anfwers as he thought pro{)er, and the ollicer who commanded the boat de|)arted. 'I'his gentleman, ami the crew that attended him, were (o viorn out with the unhealthinefs of the climate, that it was ai)paiem many deaths would follow : yet at prefcnt 'here was not one iii\alid on board of our ihip, except rile Intlian Tupu. ihe Captain now difpatched an of- ficer to the governor of thetoi*u, to aixjlogi/.c lor the Eaideavour's nor fainting : U)r he had but three guns proper tor tlic pur|)o(e, except fwivcls, and he was apprchenlive that they would not be heard. The fliip ^a.i 1<) leaky, that l!ic made about nine inches water in an hour, on the average; part of the falfe keel w.^ gone; one of her pumps was totally ufelcfs, and ihf. reft fo tiiuch decayed, that they could not laft Ion-. The officer:- and feamen concurring in opinion that I'U; (hip could not Hifely put to fca again in thisconiliiitm, the Captain refolvcd to folicit permillion to heave lur down ; but as he had learned that this mull be iloiie in writing, he drew up a petition, and had it tranllattj into Dutch. On Wednefday, October the loth, the Captain an| the rcll of the gentlemen went on ll.oie, and a]i|i|ii,J totheonly Engfilh reiident at Batavia; thisgcnilciiKiii, whofe name was Leith, received his countrymen in the polireft manner, and enicrtained them at dinner >\\i]\ great holpitality. Mr. Leith infoimed us, that a pii!i- lic hotel was kept in town, by order ol" the Dutch j'l)- ' \ernor, at which place men hants and fiiher lliaivcu were ohligctl to lodge, and that the landlord of i!k- hotel was bi i.:id to find them waiehoufcs lor tluir goods, (in the condition of receiving ten lliilliii;;-: on evtr\ luindiivl pounds of thi-ir value Irit as the l'',iid -i- voiii was a king's ihip, her ollicel^, and the other ;',c",- tlemen, might ulide where they thought proper, or!\ alking, leave of the governor, wlmre permillion \\<\.'n\ be inllantly obtain-. il. Mr. l.eith added, that t:-( , might live cheaper in this way than at the IkjIcI, if they had any perfon who Ipoke the B.uavi:>n i('r".uc, uliom they could rely on to puiihafe their provii';ons, but as there was no fuch perfon a'liung the \\ ■■>'■{.• ::> ,1' crew, the gentlemen immediatcK bclpo^t.• br^\- r. •■ ,• hotel. In the afternoon Captain Cook attenc.^: i.'.-f ,. \ernor-geneiat, who received him politely, ano i.)M him to wait on the council the next morning when hi^ petition lliculd be laid before them, and everv thiii;^ that he loliciteil fhould be granted. I i:e in the even- ing of this day, there hainxncl a moll terrible llorni ol thunder and lightning, at companied with mt) heavy rain. In this llorm the i.' \in-mall of a Duti h Eall Indiam.in was fptit and carrietl away by the deck ; anj the main-top-maft and main-topgallant-maft were tiirii to pieces ; it is fuppolcil, that the lightning w.u attra^tid by an iron fpindle at the main-top-galiam- ni.ift-lu kI. ihe I'.iuieavour, whith was at a fmall ilillance liiim the Dutch Ihip, el'caped w irhmit damage, owing, moft (}rolv)i>ly, to the electrical chain whith oinciiH ictl tl'.e lightning over the vcllel. — A centiiul 1 11 boai.l tlie Iviiteavoiir, who was charging his miil- HiKt at the time of the llorm, hail it Ihakeii out of his hand, ami the ram- riRl broken to piet es ; the elet - rrital chain liwkeil like a ftream of lire, and the lhi[> fiillaincti a very violent Hick k. On Thurldav the iith, Capt. Cook waited on the gentlemen of the council, who informctl liim that all his requclls llanilii be complietl with. In the interim ll;c other gentlemen maile a ctMitract with the mafh; of the hotel, to turnilh them anti their frieiuls with as ihuch tea, t tiffee, pundi ami tobacco, as thcymigh; have cKtaliiin tiir, antl to kiir ftiillings and fix pence ft»r his dinner, and the fame (um lt)r his fu[)per atnl bcil, if he chofe to llee|) at the hotel; they were like- 'vile to [uy ' <'ver\ fervant that attendcil thein liftetii )5ence a /. It was (ix)!! ililcovercti, that they had Ixen iiuich impoleii on ; lor thele charges were iwicea^. iiuic h as ct)ulil have been demandeti at a private houlc They appeared to live elegantly, but at the fame tmu were but ill lup|ilied. Their limncr confilledof lificeii ilifhes, all ferved up at once ; anil their ftipper of thir- teen, but of thele, nine or ten were of the moft ordi- nary, becaufe the cheajxft, (poultry) that could be pur- chafed, and even Ibme of thele dilhes were obferved to be ferved up lt)ur times fuccelftvely: a duck, which u.i; hot at dinner, was brought told in the evening, the next day lerved up as a fricallee, and was converted into forced meat at night. We, however, only fared as others had done before us: it was the conlI:uit ciif- toni of the confcientious mailer of the hotel, to treat all liis giiefts in the fame iiiaiuicr : if wc took no aotice ol m T E. of the falft kcd «:,, nally iifelds, aiul ih- ' could not laft Ion-, ig in opinion th:it tii. Li;ain in this comlit ion, •rniillion to heave ii,r t this mull be tloin- n, and had it tranllatcj 3th, the Captain nn| n ll.orc, and apph, j avia ; this}^cntli-iii.i;i, lis coiintn men in tin.' thcni at diMiUT ,n'h 'imi-d us, that a pnh- ■litrol' the Uiirch j',|- < and (iilicr llian"iij t the landlord oliht Nuri-houll's lor ilim- ivini; ten ^llillin;;^• ,,ii lie. but as the luul;:;- S and the otlierja-!, - llioiij'Ju proper, oi 'v ole iicrniillion wo ,Kt iih avlded, ih.ii r.'. , than at the lii,rel, if til.- IJlLUKMl lol".i,,.^ hale tluir prox ri'ton-, lon;^ tl'.e w •)!e :.', •.'' biljlOM: bo«l> ;fi. •■ . ook atten^'v^; ?'v ,- II politely, atui lola lext tnoiiiing what hem, and every thin- . l.ite in the even- a mod terrible 1)01 :;i mied uith MTV lieiw ■\\\ of a Hut. h b.alr \\ by the tleek ; anj p-CtaJlaiit-inafl weit It the lightnin-; w.i', le niain-top-gallanu iieh uas at a l"mn;i [leil withf«it dania>;i, -Irieal chain \\W\\ vell'el. — A eentiiv I ihar^'ing his nun. it Ihakeii out ol'h; > pie< es ; the elei ~ Dl' (ire, and the lliip 00k waited on th; ti)rni(ii liiin that ail ih. In the inteiii; ad with tile iiialti : their t'riend.t wii! faceo, as theymi^^l ■ ni a ieparate table, iiioiley : but on th- llioiild \ilit tliem, ings and (ix peiK.- lor lii.s ru(>per ami :el ; they »verc like- :tendeil them lil'teen ercd, that they hail larges were twirea^ 1 at a |)rivate hoiile. Hit at the fame tiiin- ■ conlilU'dol'litteen heir flipper of tliir- e of the 11 Hill ordi- ) that could bepur- es were obfcrved to a duck, which M.ii 1 the evening, the and was converted lowcvcr, only fared i the conllant cuf- thc hotel, to treat wc look noBotiie COOK'S ^ — • FIRST VOYAGE for making Difcovcries in i\\c South Seas URownA. the JForld. 81 of it all was well, for the landlord hail the better cuf- tome'rs of Us : if wc rcmonnrated againft fuch treat- ment, the table was better fiipplicd from time to time, till in the end wc had no reafon to complain. However, after a few days, Mr. Banks hired for himfelf and party, a fmall houfc, next door to the hotel, for which he paid forty-five (liillings per month; but they were farlrom having the convcniencies and privacy they cxpec'led : for no nerfon was permitted to deep in it as an oceafional gucft, under a penalty ; and Dutch- men were continually running in without the lead cere- mony, to alk what was to be fold, it being a cuHom for moll (irivate perfons in Uatavia to be furnillied with fomc articles of traffic. Kvery one here hires a car- riage, and Mr. Banks engaged two. Thefe larriages are open chaifes j they hold two perfons, and are driven bv a man fitting on a kind of coach-box : for each of tlicfe Mr. Banks paid tivo rix-dollars a dav. Our Indian friend Tupia had hitherto continued on board on account of his diforder, which was ot the bilious kind, vet he peiiilk-d in rcfufing every medicine that was olVered him. Mr. Banks fent for him to his houfe, in hopes that he hiight recover his health. While inthelliip, and even in the boat, he was exceedingly liftlei's and low fpirited, hut heno fooner entered the town than he feemed as if reanimated. The houfes, the carriages, llreets, people, and a hiultiplicity of other objeds, wholly new to him, produced an ert'ect like the fuppofc'l power of f;>fcinatfon. Hut if Tupia was afto- niihed at the fcene, his Iviy Tayeto wa.^ perfee'Uy enrap- tured. He exprcded his wonder and delight with lefs rtlhaint. He danced along the ftreet in a kind of ex- tacv, and examined every object with a rclllefs curiofity «hich was each moment excited and gratified. Tupia remarked particularly the variety of drclfes worn by the palling multitude, concerning which he made many cniiuirie<. Being informed, that here were people ot ditl'erent nations, each of whom wore the habit of his refpei'hve country, he defiled that he might conform to the cullom, and appear in that of Otaheite 1 and fome .Souih-fea cloth being fent for from the iliip, he dreded himfelf with great expedition and dexterity. The pe ,[ more diligcnc c nnil Ikill. At this pl.icc they heave down with two iiulKs, a method we do not now pradifei it is, however, unquedionably more fafe and expeditious to heave down with two mafh than one, and the man iniill want common fcnle, or be ftrangcly attached to old ciiftoms, who «ili not allow this, after feeing with what facility the Dutch heave down and relit their largelV vedcls at Ourull. At thi.s time Capt. Cook was taken ill. Mr. Sporing alfo, and a Tailor who attended Mr. Banks, were fci/ed with the deadly inteinnittents, and only ten of the (hip's company were capable of doing duty. As to Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, they recovered llowly at their country-houfe, whi( h was open to the fca-bree/.c, and (ituated upon a running Itream j circumlhmces that lontributed not a little to a free circulation of air. Yet notwithftanding thefe perplex- ing olilHcles, though harralled by a contagious dileafe, and alarmed by frequent deaths, we proceeded in rig- ging the iliip, and getting water and ncccllary (lores aboard : the (lores wcreealily obtained anil llii|iped, but the water we were obliged to procure from Batavia, .it the rate of (ix fliillings and eight-pence a leager, or one hundred and (ifty gallons. On the ;5th, in the night there fell fuch a (liowcr of rain, lor the (pace of four hours, as even all of us had caufe e\ er to remember. The water poured through every part of Mr. Banks's hotife, and the lower ajiart- inents admittcil a (Iream fufticient to turn a mill. As thisgcntleman was now greatly redored in health, he went to Batavia the (ollow ing ilav, and was furpri/ed to fee that the inhabit.uit> had hung their bedding todrv. About the :r)th of this month the wederly nionloon fet in ; it blows in the day-time from the N. or N. W. and Irom the S. W. during the n!;;hl . previous to this, thea- had been \ iolcnt (liowers of rain for feveral nights. 'I'he mulquitos and gnats, whole company' had been futliciently diliigreeable in dry weather, now begun to fjarm in immenfe numbers, riling froni the puddles of water like bees from a hive; they were extremely trou- Melome during the night, but the pain ariling from the lling, though \cry fevere, feltlom laded more than half an hour, and in the ilay-time they feldom made their attack. The frogs kept a pcri)etual croaking in the liitches, a ceitain (ign that the wet feafon was com- menced, and thill dndy rain might be expected. 'I'he tliip b ej coiilequences by no means delirable. A 1 failor belonging to one of the Dutch (hips in the muldt Batavia, delertcd from the vcdel, and entered himli li m Iward the Endeavour. The captain of the Dutch (l,ir) having niaik application to the go -rnor, claiming the deliiuiucnt as afiibjeiit of the .States (Jeneral, the g()\iT. nor idiied his order for the redoration of tlir in.m; when this order was delivered to him, he (aid, that |Ik' man (liould be given up, if heappeaied to be a Dnt^ li. man. -As the captain was at this time on diore, .iml did not intend going on board till the following d iv, he gave the Dutch odiccra note to the lieutenant, ulid commanded on board the I'juleavour, to dclivir ilu- deferter on the condition alK)ve-mentioned. On tin following day the Dutchman waited on Capt. Cook, m Ibrming him, that the lieutenant had alilolutely refulal to give up the feaman. (hying he was an Iridiman, and of courfe a fubjecf of his Britannic Majelly ; Cajit. Cook applauded the conduct of his odicer, and added, that it could not be expected that he diould deliver ii|) an Englilh fubjeCt. The Dutch odicer then faiil, h,; was authorifed, by the governor, to demand the fugiii\i-. as a Danidi fubjeCt, adding that his name was entered in the (hip's b(H)ks as having been borne at Kllineui ; to this Capt. Cook very properly rcplieil, that the gover- nor mull: h.ive been inillaken, when he gave this oidi r for delivering the dcfener, who had his option wIkiIki he woiikl ferve the Dutch or the Knglidi j but in com- pliment to the governor, the man (liould be given up, as a (iivour, if he appeared to be a Dane, but that in tlus cafe, he (liould by no means be demanded as a riglu, an.l that he would certainly keep him, if he appiaied to be a fubjeot of the crown of d'reat Britain. The Dutihman now took his leave, and he had not bem long gt)ne before the captain received a letter from tlu: commamling odicer on Iward, (ontaiiung full puK.i, that the man was an Knglilli fubject. 'i'his letter tl.i- captain carried to the Ihetlander, dedring him to lay il belore the governor, and to inti)rm him, that the man IhouKl iw)t be delivered u|)onany terms whatever. Thi. fnirited conduct on the part o( Capt. Cook, had tliL- ae(ired ed'eCt ; and thus the matter ended. This day the captain, attenilcd by Mr. Banks and the other gentlemen who had hitherto lived in the town, repaired on board the (hip, which ^'ot under (iul the next morning. The Endeavour was (ahitid by the (on. and by the fllgin lad Indiaman. which then lay in thr road ; but Coon alter thefc compliments were retuiiud, the lea-bree/e Jetting in, they were obliged to come id anchor. .Since the arrival of the (hip in Batavia Road every perlon belonging to her had Ix-en ill, exce|)t tlu- lail-maker, who was more than feventy years old, yci. thi> man get drunk everyday while we remained there. The Endea\our buried fe\en of her jKople at Batavia viz. Tupia aiui his boy, three of the litilors, the fervaiu of Mr. ( irecn the allronomer and the furgeon ; and at the time of the veird's failing, (orty of the ircw were lick, and the red lb enlecbled by then, late iUnefs, as to be fcarctly a'lle to do their duty. =>a8-a= c n A p. XII. ^■m .j Jt/tfipii-i;- jiCOivit 0/ the t'lii'nof Ddlavui, and the circumjacent cnuulrv — //j i\i;ic'is p)iklii//io>if parlicu/v\, eet. '1 his letter the :(iring jiim to lay n him, that the man •rms whatever. '1 hi* ipt. Cook, had the • ended. by Mr. Banks and rui lived in the town, I ^(ot under fail the ,s(ahit■ ■■n: P ^ ^}:t^. '^1 H 84 Capt. C C) O K s VOYAGES C « M P L E P IC. ni-ri of the oHinic thty have cuiniuittcil: making of ropes ii the prim ip»l piu t of the cniployiiirnt of tncfc criininals. The enviroin of Batavla have a very ptcafing ap- pcaranic, and would in ahnoO any other i ountry, be an i'n\iahlc lltiiacion. (rardcn* ami houfcs occupy the toiintry tor feveral miles, but the former are fo covered «ith trees, that the ailvantage of the land having been cleared of the «ooit that originally covered it, is aliiwll wholly loll; while thele garileas and the fuld-t ad- jaceiu tt) them arc iurroiinded by ditches which yield a dil'agreeable I'iikII; and the bogs and moralles in the adjacent fields are Itill more otlenlive. I'or the fpace of more than thirty miles beyond thctowrv, the land is totally flat, except in t\«) places, on one of which the povernor's country-feat is Injilt, and on the other they hold a large market ; but neither of thefe places is higher than ten yards liom the level of the [jlain. At near t'ortv miles from the town the land rifes into hills, and the air is purilicd inagreat degree ; to thi> tlidance the mvalids are fent by their phylicians when every r)ther profpecl of their recovery has failed, and the ex- periment iiicteeds in ahnoH every inllance, tiirthe lick arc redtired to health i but they no f(H)ner return to the town, than their former diforders rcvilit them. On thefe hills the moll opulent of the inhabitants have country feats, to which they pay anannual vilit. Thr'- who rclide conrtantly on the hills, enjoy an almoll per- petual How of health; and moft of the vegetables ot' V'.iiropc grow - ; freely there as in their native ground : thellravviierr,' in particular llourilhes greatly, which is a fullicieiit proof of the coolnefsof the air. In this lountn- rice is very plentiful, ami, in order to be brought to perfcilion, ihould lie under watir more than half the time it is growing : but they have a fort which grows on the fides of the hills, which is unknown in the Well-India illands ; this fort is planted wlicn the wet feaibn conuricnrcs, and the crop is gathered in, foon after the rains are ovci. The mai/.e, which giovvs near lUtavia, is gathered while young, and roallcd in the ear. The land likewife produces carrots, c elery, parlley, afparagus, onions, radilhes, cabbages, let- tuces, cucimbers, lentiles, kidney-beans, hyll'op, fage, rue, Chinefe white radilhes, which when boiled, are not unlike a iiarfnip, common potatoes, fw cct potatoes, wet and drv yams, millet, and the egg plant, the fruit of which, when broiled andeatcn with fait and pe[)per, is niofi exquilitc fix>d. Amazing crops of liigar are pro- duced here, and, while the quantity is beyond compa- iill)n greater, the ( aa- of cultivation is inconcei\ably l( C than in the Wcfl-lndia iflands. White fugar is ntaiiiil at two-jicnce half-penny the pound; and arrack is made (rf the molalles, with a fmall addition of rice, anil the w ine of the cocoa-nut. The inhabitants likew ife laife a little indigo for their own ufe, but do not export it. The fruits of thi:: country are near forty in number, and of fome of ihele there are of feveral kinds. Pinc-ap- ples grow ill (ut.h al'umlance, th;it they may be pur- c haled at the iiril hand, for the value of an F.nglilli liirthiiiL; ; and we l>ought foiue very large ones t<)r a halt-penny a piece at the fruit-Hiops, and their talle is very excellent. They grow lb luxuriantly, that feven or eight fuckers have been fcen adhering to one ftcm. The fweet oranges of Batavia arc good of their kind, but very dear at particular tidies. The fliaddocks of the Well-Indies, called here Pamplemoofcs, have an agreeable flavour. Ixinons were very fcarte when the Kndeavour lay in theharlxwr, but limes were altogether as plentiful, and fold at little more than two-pence the fcore. There are many kinds of oranges and lemons, but none of them excellent. Of mangoes there are plenty, but their taflc is far inferior to the melting iieach of England, to w hich they have been compared. t is faid that the heat, and extreme dainpnefs of the climate docs not agree with them, yet there are many different kinds of them. Of bananas, there are an amazing variety of forts, fomc of which being boiled, arc eaten as bread, w hile others are fried in batter, and arc a nourilhing food: but of the numerous forts of Sruit, three only are fit to be eaten : one indeed it re- 3 __jii M markahle, becaufe it is filled with feeds, which are imt common to the rell. Grapes are fold from one Ihillnijr to eighteen pence a pound, though tlu > are fai lunii being good. The tamarinds are ( heap and plentitm , but as the method ol' preferving them, Mliiih i> m fait, renders them a mere black lum[), they are t>.iii.iliv naufeating to the fight and to the palate. The waii i melons arc excellent of their kind, aiul arc piodui.i in great abundance. The [lompions are boiled a> ti 1 . nips, and eaten with fait and pe[)per. 1 his truit is :ul. mirably adapted to the ufe of voyageri, as it will keep many mouths without care, and makes an excellmt pye, when mixed with the juice o( lemons and fiij^ar, The papansof this country are fupevior U) turnips, if the cores arc extr;»cted, after paring them when tiny arc green. The guava has a lliong fmell, and a talK: not lefs difagreeable : it is probaWc, that the guav.i nt' the Well-Inilies, which many writers h.ive dillinguithid by their praifcs, has a verv ditlirent flavour. 'I lie fweet fop IS a fruit that has tnit little flavour: itabouiuU in large kernels, from which the pulp is lin ked. 'I he talle of the cullard-apple very much rcRuibles thedilli from which its name is taken. 'I he calheu npple pm. duces a nut which is pot unknown in England, but the fruit has (iich an allringent i]ualit\, that the li tavl.ins feldom cat of it : the nut grows on the top of the ap- ple. The cocoa-nut is pU ntilul m this country, and there are feveral kinds ol' this liuit, the bill ol whii h is very red between the llu II and the Ikin. I'he jaiiuH") is a fruit that has but little t.illi-, but is of a cooling na- ture : It is conlidiTably lef> than a cnmmon-li/ed ap[ilr, and thofe that have grown to their lull li/e, arc alw,i\4 the bcfl ; its (hape is o\al, and it. 1.0'our a deep rid Of the Jambu-eyer, there .ire two kiiuis, tlie wli,:.- and the red : they are Ihapcd Ike a bell, and are finiie- thing bigger than a cherry : they have no kind of talk- but that ot a watry arid. I'ho Jambu-e\ei ir.auw.ii, fmells like a role, and its taile is not unlike thai i<: confcrve of roles. The maiu;oflan i» ol a diik rfd i " lour, and not larger than a Imall apple : to the bo!U]m of this fruit adhere ftvei.il little leaves of the blolioip., while on its tops are a number ot tiiangln combiiKd in a circle, it contains IcNcial kerne U iaiij';ed in a lircular form, within which ii ilie pulp, ,\ fruit of moll exijuilite talle ; it is ei|u.ill\ nutritious and .agree- able, and is conllantly given to perloiii who are trou- bled with inflammatory or putrid fevirs. 'llu- fiviet orange of this country is likewife given in the fame dil- ordcrs. The jwmcgranate of theic parts ditler-, in no- thing from that generally known in Englaml. 'I'he d«- rion takes its name from the word Dure, which, in the language of that country, means prickles, and the name is well adapted to the truit, the flicll of whit h is co- vered with lliarp points, lliaped like a liigar-loaf : its contents are nuts notmuch fmaller than iheihuts, which are furrounded with a kind ot juice k I'cmbling i ream ; and of this the inhabitants eat with great avidity : the fmell of this fruit is more like that ot onions, than any other European vcget.ible, anil it« talle is like that of onions, fugar, and cream iiuerinixed : the inlide of the durion, when ripe, is pa'-ted, lengthways, into le- vcral divilions. The nanca is a fruit that fmells like garlick and apples mixed together: its lize in the gar- dens of Batavia, is not bigger thar. that of a middling fized pompion, and its f.iapc is nearly the fame : it is covered with prickles of an angular lorm. W'e were informed that, at a place called Madura, it has been known to grow to fuch an enormous lize as to require the llrength of two men to cany it. The champ.ida is in all rcfpecfls like the nauca, only that it is not lb large. The rambutan contains a fruit within which i^ a (tone, that is perhaps the fincfl acid in the world : this Iriiii is not unlike achcfnut with its hulk on; and it is covered with fmall prickles of a dark red colour, and fo foft a; to yield to the flightcfl imprellion. The gambolan re. fembles a damafccn both m colour and ILic, and is of a very allringent nature, *I he boa bidarra taflcs like an apple, ancT is likewife extremely allringent: its fizc i) that of a goofeberry, its form round, and its colour yellow. The nam nam makes an excellent fritter, if irie4 cook's first VOYACjE — for making Difcoverits in the South Sluu &. Round tlu- U'orU. 8 ; fried in Iwttci , but ii not cUwiiicil wlici\ rn» : the rind of It is rough, its Irngth i» alxmt thn-c inches, ami it* lliapc- not unlike th«t of a icidncy. The tatappa and the lanarc arc two fpccic« ol' nut«, the Iterncli ot «huh arc lilic thofc of an alinoml. but fo hard, that it is al- nuili iinpoflibic to brcaic thwii. 1 he madja contaiiw a pulp of a iharp talk-, which is eaten with liigar: this (ruit is covered u iih a hard (hell. Ihc liimal ib a fruit fcari cly tit to Ik eaten, l)einn at once alirinj^cnt, acid, and ot a moll unpleaiant talie, yet it is pubhcly loid in the tirccts of iJatavia; it tontniiw a nunilxrol kernels, which are iiu lofcd in a thii k Ikin. The lalack is ncai ly of the li/f of a fniall golden pippin, and contains a few kernels of a yellow colour, liie lalK: of which is not unlike th..t of a Orawbcrry j but the covering ol this fruit is 'cry remarkable, an it conlills iit a number of fcales, rel'embling thofe of a tilh. The chdr.ma and the blimbing. are two four fruits, exceedingly well adapted to make fourfauce, and pickles. '1 he blimb- ing belle is another fruit of the fame kind, but con- lidcrablv l«eetcr. . Of the fruits not in feal'on when ("aptain Cook was at Hatavia, are ihe lioaatap. and the kinlliip, which he faw pielerved in liigar : and theic are fcvcral other forts which the Hatavians are fond of, but they are ne- ver eaten hv l\ran).',crs : among thofe are the nioringa, the guiliiuiina, ihe killer, ami the loccum ; this hill has the appearance ofthe bread-fruit which is produced in the illamis of the South Seas, but it is not nra • lo good, though the tree on which it grows is almoll I'X- aCtly like the brcad-lniit tree. At Hatavia vail (luan- tities of fruit are eaten. There arc two markets held weekly, atdilhmi places for the better accommodation of thofe who leliile in dilleient j>arts of the country. Here the fruit-lVllers meet the gardeners, and (luri hale the goods at low rates. We are told it is not uncom- mon to fee liftv or lixty loads of pine-apjiles carelelly thrown together at tlioie markets. I'lowcrs are Ihewn by the inhabitants ot liaiavia and Java, abmil their houfes, and they are conllantly burning aromatic womls and gums, which is luppolld to he done by way of pii- rifyim^thcair from the llench that arifes from the ca- nals and ditches alwut the town. In this country fweet-fcented flowers are plentiful, many fpecies of which being entirely unknown, are worth remarking. 'Ihe combanj^ tonquin, and com- liang caren.il1i, arc particularly iragrant Howcrs, which bear fcarti.r. any rcfcinblance to any of thole Howcrs with which we arc acquainted. They are very fm.ill, and feem to be of the dog's-banc Ipei ics. Ihe ca- liiunga which is moie like a Iniiu h ot leaves than a flower, is of a lin;.'ular Imell. but \er\ grateful. 'Ihc bon tanjong is ol \ pale )cllow call, and has a viry a<'iceable fiiitll ; it is .ibour an incfand a hallin cir- cumference, and conlitls of poiiiled leaves, which give it the appearance of a iLu'. "Th? i hampacka fmclls foniewhat like a jonquii, hut is railier ol a deeper yel- low. .X large tree upon ihe illand produces this flower. There is alfo an exiiaordinary kind of flower called fumlal malam, which lignilics the intriguer of the night. This flower h.u no fnicU in the day-time, but as night comes on, it hai a verv fiagraiu fcenv, and is very much like the I'.nglilh tuherol'e. Thefe flowers bcini' made into noleg.ivs of ditlercnt lliapcs, or Ihung upon thread, are carried through the llrect for fale on an evening. The gardens of the gentlemen produce fcvcral other forts ol flowers bcfules thefe which we have mentioned, but they arc not olVcred to fale, bc- caiifc there is not a fuliicicnt pk my of them. A plant, called the pandang, is produced here, the leaves of which being Hired linall, and mixed wnii other flower , the natives of both fcxcs fill their i loatlis and hair with this mixture, which they likewile fprinklc on their beds, and flecp under this heap of fweets, a thin piece cf chintz being their only covering. Formerly the only fpice that grew on the illand of Java was pepper. A eonliderable quantity is brought from thence by the Dutch, but \eiy little of it is made ufe of in the country. The inhabitants preti-T cayan pepper, and arc fond of cloves and nutmeg, but thefe No. to. firll are too dear to he commonly ull'd. Near the ifland of Amboyna are fome little illc», on wlii( h the i love* grow, and the Dutch were noteal'y tilt they all bec.imc their property. .S arrdy any other nutmegs ari' fnuiul but on tne illanil of liand.i, which however furnillus enough for all the nations that have a di inand for that tommoditv. There are but few nutmeg-trccson ihc coal! of New (tiiincj. 'I'hc illand of Jav.i, of which HC haNc already fpokcn, preKliues horfc:,, biiHaloes, lliecp, goats, and hogs. The fort of horfes faiil to have been met with here when the (oiintiy was lirli' ilifcovcrcd, a|)pearetl to be nimble animals tluiugh fmall, being generally fcKloni abovi; thiriccn hands high. The horned cattle of this country are ilifl'crciit I rom thofe of I' II rope. Th> y arc quite lean, but of a very linegi.iin. 'Ihe Chinel'c and the natives of Java eat the buH'alocs flelh, whiih the Dut( li conllaiifly re- fufe, being impreircd with a II range idea that it islescr- ilh. Thell.ccj) are hairy like goats, and have long ear;: they arc mollly found to be tough and ill-tafled. There happening to be a lew from the Cape of (iood 1 lope at iJatavJa, fome of them were pun hafed at the rate of on« Ihilling a poiiml. The hogs, cfpeciallv thofc of the Chincle Itock, are \ery line lixid, but fo fat as that the lean is fcparately fold the biitchcrs, who are C hi- nefci the far, they melt and fell to their countrymen to be eaten with ihcir ri'C. Yet though thefe ho.'s arc fo line, the Dutch prefer their own brerd, and the conle- qiicnce is that thefe- laitcr are fold ai cxtrav:i;,nuu rates. As the I'ortugueic llioot the wild hoj-.s anddcrr, they are fold at a moderate prite, and arc gcod caring. As to the goats of this countrv they are as indilicri nt as the llieej). Dog-i and cats are found here in abundance, and there are nuiiibers of wild horfes at a conlid<-r.ihle ihflancc from Hata\ia, on the mountains. 'I'hcrc arc a few monkeys fecn near the town ; but ihcre are ni.my on the mountains and dcfart-placrs, where there are allrt tygers, and a few rhinocerofes. Of lilli an aflonilhing quantity is taken here, atid all are line food, except a few that are \\ aire ; yet the in- habitants will not eat thufc that are t()und in abundance, but |iurchafo thole which are worfe and fcarccr, a cii- cumlhincc that contributes to keep up the price of the; latter. A prejudice likew ile prevails anion;:; the Dutch which prevents ihcm from eating any of the tuvtli; caught in thefe parts, which arc verv good food, though not equal to thofe that arc fouml in the \\efl-Indics. Very large lizards are common at Hatavia ; fome of them are laid to be as thick as a m.in's thigh; anil Mr. Hanks lliot one live feet long.w ' cli being drell, proved verv agreeable to the tallc. V\'e found fnipes of two diltcrent forts; and thrulhcs might h ive been purchafcil of the I'ortuguefc, who were the only dealers in this fort of birds, and venders of wild !".)w I in the country. In the illaiuiare palm-wine, and arrac k. Of thetbimer are three forts, the iirlt of which is drank in a fc hours alter it is drawn from the tree, anil is moderately fwcet J thcfccond and thinl forts are made by fermen- tation, and by putting fcvcral forts of herbs and roots into the liiiuor. In Java, the religion of Mahon'ct is profeircd, I'or which rcafon the natives do not make ufe of w inc pub- licly; but in private few of them will refute it. 'I'liev alfo chew opium, whofe intoxicating qualities prove its r«:ommcndation to the natives of India. If we exclude the Chinefe, and the Indians of ilit- fcrent nations, who inhabit Hatavia and its cn\ irotis, the inhabitants only amount to a fiiiall number, not a fifth part of whom are laid to be Dutchmen, even by defcc'it. The Portiigucfc out-mimbcr all the i-.uropean !":' tiers on the illanil. The troops in the ferviceof'the iiatcs of Molland, are compofcd of the natives of al- moll all the nations of Europe ; but the greater part of them arc Germans, Wl-.cn any pcrfon goes to re- lidc at Hatavia, he is obliged to enter tirft as a foldicr, to fcrvc their company lor live years. Afterwards he .ipplics for a leave of abfcnce to the council, which be- ing granted as a thing of courfe, he engages in any Ini- lincls that he thinks proper to chufe. 'There is however a fort of policy in this matter, fince the Dutch have thus V al\va)S 86 Capt. C O O K's VOYAGES COMPLETE. M «' ;i.: ■I ii\ always a force ready to arm and join, their troops in this country upon any emergency ; all places of power and profit arc held by the Dutch, and no foreigner has any iharcin the management of public affairs. Notwithilanding all the men (>f oihcr countries are bound to obferve the rules above-mentioned, yet wo- men from all parts may remain here unmolellcd. It ap- peared that the whole place could not furnilh fifty fe- males who were natives of Kuropc ; yet the town abounded with white women, who were deilended from Kuropeans, that had fettled there at different times, all ihc men having paid the debt of nature ; for fo it is, that the climate of Batavia deftroys the men much taller than the women. Thefe women follow the deli- cate cuflom of chewing betle, after the example of the native Javanefe, whole drefs they imitate, and whofe manners they copy, in all refpcots. Mercantile buti- nets is conducted at liatavia with the llighteil trouble imaginable, ^^'hcn a merchant receives an order for goods of .\ny kind, he camr.^unicates the contents of it to the Chincfe, who are the univcrliil manufaiTturers. The Chincfe agent dchvcrs the effects on board the ihip for which they are lx;fpoke, and taking a receipt for ihcm from the n\alfer of the velFel, he delivers it ro the merchant, who pays the Chincfe for the goods, and refcrves a confiderable profit, without the lealt trotibfe, rifquc, or anxiety. Hut when a merchant imports goods of ai\v kind, he receives them iiiinftlt, and lodges them in his own warehoufes. It ma;, he wondered that the Chincfe do iu)t Ihip the goods-oniiitir account, bur Iroju tliis they arc reftricted, and coniptlled to fell thcmroihc merchants only. 'I'lic inhabitants of Java diflinguift. liie Pom:giief '.' by the name of (Jranferanc, that is, N.\/.:uvnc-iuen ; but thefe ufe the general term of Caper, or C.ilir. refpecting all who do iu)t profefs the religion of Maliomer, and in this they irhkulc the Portitgii'.lf. Ikit the I'l I LU)',ucfe of IJatavia are l"o only in name ; tor they iiave ;Kitlie» any coiyiefction w ith, or kru)wletlge of the kin.jdonwif I'ortiigal, and they have changed the rtligi'iu ot'the church of Rotiie, for that of l/.ither; with uic manners of the iratives, the\ are wholl)- t'aiiiiliarifed, and they couiaioiily fpcak their Lingiuge, iliiiii^h tiiey arc able toconvcife in a cor- iupi kind lU Fortcgiiefe. 'I'i'.cy drefs i!\thc liabit of the country, with a difference ciily in the manner of' wearing their hair; their nofes are more peaked and their fkin of a deeper call than that of tlie nativrs. Jiome ot them are mechanics and artificers, others fub- M by walhing of linen, and the retl pr.icure a mainte- n.m( eby hunting. 'file iadians of IJatavia, and the country in its rK-igh- bouiho'jd, are not native Javanefe, but are either born oil ; lie fcveial iflands from whence the Dutch bring their flavcs, or the offspring of fuch as have Ixrn liorn on th ife iflands ; and thefe having l)ecn made free either jatheii own pcrfiHis or in the perfons of their anccflors, cnjov all the privileges of freemen. They receive the general appellation of believers of the true faith. The varimis other Indian inhabitants ot this coiinti,, attach themfelves each to the original cufl^omsofthac in which themfches or their ancellors were born; keeping theni- f»|ve:. apart from thofc of other nations, and practifing both the virtues and vices peculiar to their own coun- tries. The cultivatioit of gardens, and the confc- quent fale of flowers aind fruit afford fubiilh'iice to great numbers of them: thefe are the people who raifc the Le- tlc and areca, whuh being mixed with lime, and a ful'llance that is called Gamiiir, the produce of the Indian continent, is chewed by perfons of all ranks, woiricn a.s well as men : indeed fbme of the politer la- dies make an addition of cardamom^ ;iind other aromiv- tics to take off die difagrccablc fmell with which the breath would be otherw ife tainted. Some of the Indi- ans are very rich, keep a great number of Haves, and hvc, in all refpcCts, according to the cuftoiu of their refpectivc countries, while others arc einplcyed tocarey g(Mjoth aiKl the gum, and hori/ontally with the latter ; this groove is equal in depth to a quarter of the thick- lu fs of the teeth ; yet none of thefe people Ivive a rot- ten tooth, though according to the dcnriffs of Kngland and IrK'.ee, fuch a thing mull be unavoidable, as the tooth is placed mui h deeper than what we call the enamel. The teeth of thcic people iKcame very black bv the I hewing of betle, yet a flight wafliing will take off this blacknefs, and they will then become perfectly white ; bur they are very fcldom wafhed as the depth of the colour is very far from being thought difagrer- able. Mull of our readers niufl have heard of the Mo- hawksjand thefe are thepeojile who are fo denominated, from a corruption of tlv," word amock, which will be explained by the following ftory and obfcrvations. To run amock is to get drllfik with opium, and then feizing ibmcoflenlivc wea(X)n, to (ally forth from the houfe, kill the perfon or pcrtbns fuppofed to have injured the Aii.ock, and any other perfon that attempts to impede his paffagc, till he hinifelf is taken iitifoner or kiUeii on the fpot. While Captain Cook was at Batavia, a perfon, whofe circumllances in life were independent, being jealous of his brother, intoxicated himfelf with opiun:, and then murdcrcii his hroiher, and two other men who endeavoured to fei/e him. This man, con- trary to tl e ufual cullom, did not leave his own houfe. but made liis reliftance from w iihin it ; yet he had ta- ken fuch a quantity of the opium, that he was dclirioirv which appeared from his attempting to tire three mul- quetv, iicither of which had been loaded, nor even primed. Jraloufy of the women is rh<' ufual reafon <»t thefe poor creatures running amock i ■ r a-iuuck] and the fird objet'l of their vengeance is the perfons whom they tiippoft to h.ave injured them. The othccr, wliol'e bufinels it is to apprehend thefe unhappy wretches, i ; furnifhcd with a long pair of tongs, in order to tako hold of them without coming within the reaeh of the point of their weapon. Thofc w4io may be taken alive, which i» not often the cafe, are generally wotinded ; but they arcalwayj broken upon the whcelj and if the phy- •'tt cook's first VdYAGE-^for making Difcoveries inl the Sout,'} Seas & RoOnd the IForld. Sj and chickens -, they cat large quantities, maicc ftvcral forts of ;ry fupcrb cntertain- ■cfpcdtive countries; mperate people ; of , as the religion of rbids the ufe of it. jcd among thcni, all can be procured, are auple, who, on thcl'e >olt fplcndid appear- arc given by thole le twelve or fourteen r ail uiiich time the jni (hall not vifit hu ig tnke.< place previ- is, though they conic le Malay lani;;uage if illand of Java then; , and thcie is a lan- id ; it is conjcduicd tion of the langtKi;;c :oplc, Mhich is blatk in gn-Jt al)'.iild;uiee ; , and other ingrcdi • it ; they fallen it to in, having rtrlf twill- lev place an elegant, loic liead-drcfs has ,i the univcrl'al cullotu bathe in a river once which iu)t only pro- contraction of tilth, le in fohot aclimate. tonic particulars m h a kindof whctHonc ly are i^uite ilat and ,vc in the teeth of tin- the bottom of each tally with the latter ; quarter of the thick- le people h;ive a rot- • dcnrifls of Kngland unavoidable, as the in what we call the l)crame very black ;ht walhing will take en become pcrtcctly walhed as the deptli ng thought difagrce- ve heard of the Mo- )are f r a-vBuck] an.i is the perfons whom The othcer, wliofe mhappy wretches, i i gs, in order to take lin the reach of the Q may be taken alive, generally wounded ; le whecli and if the phy- phyfician, who is appointed tb examine their wounds, thinks them likely to be -ortal, the punifliment is in- flicted immediately, and ilie place of execution is gene- rally the fpot where the firft murder was committed. A number of abfurd cuftoms prevailed among thefe people, and opinions no lefs ridiculous. They believe that the devil, whom they call Satan, is the author of fickncfs andadverfity; therefore, whenfick, or in didrefs they offer meat, money, and otiier things, as propitia- tory facrifices. Should one among them be relHefs. or (lioutd he dream for tAO or three nights fucccthvely, he inia<^incs the Devil has laid his commands upon him, when, upon reglci'l: to fulfil, h. (-oncludes hispunilh- ment will certai.-Jy be fickncfs or death, though fuch commands may not be revealed with fulhcient pcr- |» fpicuity. To interpret his dream therefore, he drains ' /|8 his wits to theuttermort, and if, by taking' it literally, or figuratively dirccllv, or by contraries, he can put no txplanation that fatisRcs him, he applies to the Cawin orpricit, who unravels the mylteriousfuggeftions of the night, by a conuncnt, in w hich it generally appears, mat Satan wants viduals or money. Thefe are placed on a little plate* of cocoa-nut leaves, and hung upon the I ranch of a titc near the river, fo that it feems not to lie the opinion of thefe people, that in prowling the c;nth the devil "walketh through dry places." Mr. I'anks once alVcd, whether they thought Satan fpent the money, or eat the victuals; they faid, that as to the ninncv it was coniidered rather as a mulct upon an of- fender-, than a girt to him who had enjoined it; and that therefore if it v^■a3 devoted by the dreamer, it did not lignify into whofeliands it came, and they fuppifed it was generally the pHxe of Ibme ftrangcr who wandereil that way ; but refpcdting the meat, they were clearly of opinion, that, although the Devil did not cat tlic grofi parts, yet by bringing his mouth near it, he fui ked out all its favour without changing its pofition, fo that atterwards it was as intipid as water. Another fuperflitious notion of this people is dill more unaccountable. They imagine that women, when delivered of children, arc at the fame time de- livered of a young crocodile; and that thole animals being received carefully by the midwifes, are immedi- ately carried down to the river, and put into the water. The family in which fuch a birth is fupi>ofed to have happened, conllantly puts victuals into the river for their amphib'ous relation, efpccially the twin, who as lung as he I'vcj. goes down to the river at Ibited times, to fulfil his fraternal duty; for an oinitlion of which, according to the general opinion, he will be vitited with fickncfs or death. We are at a lofs to account for an opinion fo extravagant and abfurd, efpccially as it feems fn be iinronncded with any religious inyftery, and how it fliould be pretended t.^ happen by thofe w ho cannot be deceived into a belief of it by appearances, nor have any apparent interelt in the fraud, is a problem rtill more ditlieult to folvc. The llrange belief of this ab- furdity, however, is certain, for which we had the con- current tellimony of every Indian who wasqueflioned about ii; and itv to its origin, it feems to have taken its rife in the illands of Celebes and Boutou, at which pl.i es, m.my (if the inhabitants keep crocodiles in their lamilies ; but however that be, this ojiinion has fpread over all the eallern illands, even to 'i'imor and Cream, and welhvard as far as Java and ^lumalia. The cro- codile twins arc called Sudaras, and we Ihall here re- late one of the innumerable and incredible ftories, in pr(X)f of their cxillence, as was confidtiitly alhrmed, {io'n ocular depionft rations ; yet for the credibility of this relation we will not vouch. At Hencoolcn was born and bred among the lingliih a \oung temale Have, who had learnt a little of the lan- guage. This girl toll Mr. lianks that her father, when on his death bed, intiiirmcd her that he had a crocodile for his Sudani, and in a folemn manner charged her to give him meat when he ftiould be dead, telling her in what part of the river he was to be found, and by what name he was to be called up. That in confe- iiuencc of her father's injiinv^tions, (he repaired to that part of the river he had ddcribcd, and lianding upon the bank, called out Radja Pouti, " white king;" where- upon the crocodile came to her out of the w ater, and eat from her hand the provilionsihe had bro'.ight him. Being defired to defcribc this paternal uncle, Ihc tiiid, that lie was not like other crocodiles, but much hand- Ibmcr, that his body was fjiotted and his nofe red ; that he had bracelets of gold upon hi.? feet, and ear- rings of the fame metal in his cars. This ridiculous tale was heard by Mr. Banks patiently to the end, and he then difmifTed the girl, without reminding her, that a crocodile with rars was as ftrange a monfter as a dog with a cloven foot. Not long after this a fcrvant whom Mr. Banks had hired at Batavia, a fon of a Dutchman by a Javanefc women, told his marter, that he had feen a crocodile of the fame kind, and it had been fecn by fcvcral others both Dutchmen and Malays. T!iis crocodile the fcrvant faid was very young, two feet long, and i^s feet were ornamented with bracelets of gold. I cannot credit thefe idle llories, faid Mr. Banks. The other day a pcrfon allerted that crocodiles had ear- rings, and you know that cannot be true, becaufe cro- codiles have not cars. Ah, Sir, replied the man, thele SudaraOran arc unlike other crocodiles; for they have live toes upon each foot, a large tongue that fills their mouth, and ears likewife, though indeed they are very fmall. Who can fct bounds to the ignorance of cre- dulity and folly ! However, in the girl's relation were foine things in which the could not be decei\ e J ; and therefore murt be guilty of wilful falfchood. Her fa- ther might coinmand her to teed a crocodile, in con- fequence of his believing it to be his Sudara ; but its coming out of the river at her call, and eating the li>od from her hand, mult have been a f.ible of her own in- vention, and being fuch, it was impoffible that the could believe it to be true. However, the girl's llory, and tliat of the man's, evinces, that they both believed the exill'.nce of crocodiles that were Sundaras to men ; and the fiction invented by the girl may be ealily accouiued for, if we do but confidcr, how carnertly every one de- fires to make others believe what he believes himfell". 'l"hc Bougis, Macaflars, and Boctons, are fo firmly pcr- fuaded that they have relations of the crocodile fpccies, that they perform r, periodital ceiemony in remem- branrc of them. Large parties go out in a boat, fur- nilhed with great plenty of provilions, and all kinds of irulic. They then row backwards and forwards, in pUuCs of the rivet where crocodiles and allet:;;\tors are moll common, fingingand wcc|)ing by turns each in- vokinj; his kindrcii, tilt a crocodile appears, when the mulieinllantly (lops, and provilions, bctle, aiul tobacco, arc thrown into the water. This civility is intended to rcconmiend themfcU'cs to their relatior;s at home; not without hopes, perhaps, that it will be accepted inllead of more expenfivc olVerings which may not be in their power to pay. The Chincfe Hand in the next rank to the Indians, and arc very numjrous but polfcfs very little property. Many of them live within the walls, and are tliop. keepers. W'e have already mentioned the fruit-fellers of Faffar Pilfang ; but others have a rich fiock of Eu- ropean and Chinele gcwds. However, the far greati.r part of thefe people live without the walls, in a quarter by thcmfelves, which is called Campang China. Mull part of them are carpenters, joiners, Imitlis, taylors, llipper-makers.dyers of cotton, and embroiderers. The/ ma. main the characler of induftry, univcrliilly bellowed upon them ; and many arc fcattercd about the country, where they cultivate gardens, fow rice and fugar, or keep cattle and buffaloes, whofe milk they bring everyday to town. Yet notwithllanding their commendable fpirit of indulby, we muil obferve, there is nothing honcrt or dif.-.Dnetl, provided there is no danger of a halter, that the Chinele will not readily do tor nioncvj and though they work with much airgence, nor arc fparing of their labour, yer no fooner have they laid down their tools, than they begin to g;unc cither ac cards or dice, or at other diverfions altogether unknown among Kuropeans. To thefe they apply with fuch cagcrncfs, as fcarcely to allow time for nccefCiry re- frclhincnts of food and flccp. In n-iinrcrs they are al. ways 88 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. '::.: o Ml .Hi »«. ■'.» '% ii vays rather obfcquious j and in drcfs they arc remark- ably neat and clean, in whatever rank of life they arc- placed. A dcfcription of their perfens or drefs is un- neccllary, feeing the better kind of China paper com- mon in England, exhibits .in cxaft reprefentation of both, though perha[)s with fomc (light exaggerations. With refped to their eating, they arc caiily latisftcd ; but the few that arc rich have many favory diihes. The food of the poor is rice, with a fmall proportion of flelh or filb ; and they have the advantage of the Mahomcdan Indian*, on account of their religion; t()r the Chinefe, being under no reftraint, eat, bcfidcs pork, dogs, cats, frogs, lizards, ferpents, and a great variety of fca animals, which the other iiiliabitants do not con- lidcr as food. They alfo cat many vegetables, which an European, except he was perilhing with hunger, would not tafl^c. They have a lingular cullom refpecU ing the burying their dead ; for they cannot be prevailed upon to open the ground a fccond time, where the body lias been dcpolited. On this account, in the neighbour- hood of liatavia, their burying-grounds contain many hundred acres; and the Dutch, pretending this to be a v\alle of land, will not fell any tor this purpofe, un- lefs at an exorbitant price. 'I'he Chincie, howiver, contrive to raifc the purchafe money, and afford another inllance of the folly and «eakncfs of human nature, in transl'.rring a regaril for the living to the deail, anil making that an object of folicitudcand expence, wluih cannot receive the leal! benefit from cither. Under the iiiHuince of this univeil'al prejudice, they take :in iiiKommon method to prelerve the body entire, anil to prevent the remains ot it (iom mixing with the earth that fuirnunds it. To tliis end tluy cnclofe it in a lai|;e thick u(X)dcn colVin, hollowed out of folid timber like a canoe. This \vhen covered and let down into the gr.tve, is furroiimled with a coat of mortar, called t.'hinam. about eight or ten inches thick, which in a fhort time cements, and beconus as hard as (bine. The relative.-, ot the ilccealtd attend the tiineral ceremony, with a contiderahle number ot lemale mourners, hired toueep. In iJatavia, the law requires, that every man iliocld be interred according to his rank, which is in no I ale to be dilpenlid with; to that if the deceafed has not left liiirK ient to pay his debts, an ollicer takes an inventory oi what was in his [wlletrion when he tiicd, and out of the produce buries him in the man- ner prefcribed, lea\ingoiily the overplus to his creditors. rheloAcIl clafs ol' ixuple in this country are the lla\cs, by whom the I)utih, I'ortuguefc, and Indians, whatever their rank or lituaiion, ;ire lonllantiv attended. 'I'hey are bought in Sumatra, Malacca, and almoil all the l".alKiii lllands: but tlie natives of Java, very lew ot whom live in H.it:i\ia, are exempted trom llavcrv, un.krlhe laiKtlon ol very fevere penal laws, felilom we believe vitilaied. Thele (laves are fold from ten to twenty pouiuls (Urling each ; but girls, if handl<)me, will I'eicli lometimes a hundred. Being ot an indolent liil'polition, they will not do much woik, and are there- fore content with a little victuals, liihlilling altogether Ujion boiled ri( e, :ind a Imall iiiiantity ot the cheapell lilh. 'I lu \ are natives otditKient countries, on which account the) ditlcr trom ea< h other extremely lK)fh in perfonaml temper. The I'.ipua, as they are here called, or the .\lnian negroes are the woiil, mod of them thieves and all ini.orrii,;iblc ; contiquently they may be pun lialcil tor the leall money, 'llie next cla(s to thefe are the Ikiugis and Macatliirs, both irom the idand of Cclelns; who, in the highell degree are la/.y, though not fo much addicted to thelt as the negroes; yet ihey are ot a c ruel and vindictive tpirit, whereby they are rendered exc ceiling dangerous, efpecially as to gratity their refeiitmiiu, they make no Ic ruple of any mean-, nor ot' I'ai rilicmg life itlelt'. Helides thefe there are Makns and llaves ot other denominations; but the bell, and ot courle the deareO, are thole brought trom the ill.ind of llali; and the moll Ixrautiful women Irom fvi.is, a liiiall illand on the: coat! of Sumatra ; but being <>'■' a tender and dilicite conlhtution, they c|uickly fall . facrilice to the uiiwhuli lome air of Hatavia. All thefe (Javcs are wholly in the power of their mailers, who may 1 intlid upon them any punitbmcnt that does not take away life; and Ihould one die in contequenceof punilli- ment, though his death may be proved not to have been intended, yet the mailer is called to a fevcre ac- count, and generally li^r.tcnccd to fuller capitally. I or this reafon a mailer feldom corrects a flave with his own hands, but by an ollicer called li Marineu, one of wlumi is flationed in every dithid.' The duty of this ollicer is to quell riots, and take offenders into cullody ; hut moa- particularly to apprehend runaway (l- and degrees. '' e c. olhi e r in this plac i: ha< the title of go- veri •; ol' the Indies, to whom the Dutch go- verm i- ot .III other Icttlements are fiibordinate J and they are obliged to repair to Baf.ivia in order to have their accounts palled b\ him. Should they aijpear to have been eriminal. or even negligent, he detains them during pleafiire ; fometimes three years; for they can- not without t-'^ ;'crmillion quit the [ilaee. The mem- bers of tl e council, called by tlie natives ildele Heeren, and In th luiglitli, Idoleers, are next in rank to the governor-general. Thefe alliime fo much fhue, that whoever meets them iti a carnage, are expected to rife up and bow, and alter this compliment, tluy drive to one fide of the ro.id and flop, till the members of the council are pall : their wives and c hileirin expect allc> the fame homage, and it is coirniionlv (laid tliem In the inhabitants. Some En;;lilli Captains have thoi'glu this a llavilb mark of refpcil, derogatory to their dig- nity as I'ervants ol his H-itaanic majelly, and lor this '" i' ; neverthelels, when in a * ,1 ii enacc of immediate death i I'l 'Vom honouring the Dutch r.t th ■■ mortification. With rcfpect to the di;' ib.Kd' i ot lullice, it is ad- miniffered in Hatavia by ti c •;!'■ ers, v ho have pec uluir ra: k cit ililliiKtion among theinfelves. Iheirdcci- lions in c iiminal cate» teem to be levere with relpect to the natives, but lenient in a partial degree to tln-ir own people. A c hriflian In always indulged with an op- portunity of" I te .ipng bite)re he is l)roiij;ht to trial, whatever may be hlsollence, and when com icted, lie is feldijii punilhed with ileaih. On the contrary, the poor Iiui.iiis are hanged, broken upon the wheel, and even impaled alive, As to the Malays and Chiiufi- they have judi. . ^"Ilicers ot theirown, named captaiin and lieutLiiai,: i- no deirrmine in civil cafes, fubicvt to an appeal i" I Duv.h ;iihunal. The taxes laid upon thefe |)eo( li ''v (lie < onip.in) are vet) conddcrable, among which, that exacted for liberty to wear their hair '.-, not the leafl. 1 he time of paymctu is monthb, and fci lave the charge and trouble ot collecting them, notice is given o. ihi.i by hoilliu;'. a llag upon the top of a hoiife in the ;'iiddleof thetoeen, and the Chinclr fi.id that it is their intccell to rep.iit thither when apay- i.ieiu iiiduc without d.-Iay. At reafon have reUifed ' hired ciiach, noth; could prevent the co grandee, at the eXiV COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Difcoveriei in the South Seas & Round the World. 8 9 At Batavia the current money confifts of ducats, va- lued ,• one hundred and thirtv-two (livers; ducatoons tighty ftivcrs: imperial rix-dollars.fixty; rupees, thirty; fchellincs, fix ; double cheys, two ftivers and a half; [»nd doits one fourth of a ftiver. During our ftay here jSpanifli dollars were at five and five-pence ; and we were Itold they were never lower than five (hillings and four- pence, even at the Company's warehoufc. ForEnglifh guineas the exchange upon an average was nineteen Diiliings ; for though the Chinefe would give twenty ifliiUings for feme of the brightclV. thofe that were ■nuich worn were valued at only feventeen (hilimgS. ■TiKre are two forts of coin current here of the fame ■denomination ; thcfe are milled and unmillcd ; the Iformcr of which is of mod value. A milled ducatoon is Ivalucd at eighty ftivers ; and an unmillcd one at no more I than fcventy-two. A rix-dollar is equal to forty -eight Iflivcrs, about four (hillings and fix-pence Enpiiflicur- Irency. All accounts are kept in rix dollars and ftivers, nhichhcrc. at lead, are nominal, like our pound ftcr- Jing. , . , On Thurfday, the 27th of December, early in the morning, we weighed, left the harbour of Batavia, and ftood out to fea. On the 20th, after much delay by contrary winds, we weathered Pulo Pare, and ftood tor the main. On the fame day pafTed a fmall ifland between Batavia and Bantam, called Maneater's ifland. On Sunday the joth^we weathered Wapping and Pulo Bahi illands. and the next day, being the 3 1 ft, we ftood over to the Sumatra fliore. On ilic morning of C'::- n-w year's day, being Tuef- day, January the ift, we fteercd for the " '• Jav.i (lion-, and continued our couifc, as A. D. 1771. the wind permitted u«, till three o'clock in the after noon of the ctli, when we caft anchor on the fouih- eaft fide of Prince's Illand, in eighteen fathom wa- ter, in order to recruit our ftores, and procure refrelh- nicnts for the lick, many of whom were much worfe than they were at our departure from Batavia. Mr. ikinks and Dr. Solandcr, accompanied by the Captain and other gentlemen, w ont afhore. We met upon the beach (bme Indians, by whom we were conducled to one, who, they faid, was their king. Having ex- changed a few compliments with this perfon, we entered upon bufincfs ; but in fettling the price of turtle could not agree. Upon this we took leave, the Indians dil- pcrfed; and we proceeded along fliore in fearch of a watering place. We happily fucceeded in finding a very convenient one. and had reafon to believe, with care in filling, it would prove agreeable to our wiflies. On our return, fome Indians, who rcnuincd with a canoe upon the beach, fold us three turtle, but we were obliged to promifc, that we would not tell the king. On Sunday the 6th, we renewed with better fuccefsour tralhc for turtle. About noon the Indians lowered their demands floiliy, infomuch, that before the even- ing they accepted our ftipulated price, and we had tur- tle in plenty. In the mean time, the three we had pur- chafed were ferved to the (hip's company, who, till icfterday, had not fed on (alt provifions from the time of our arrival at Savu, which was now near three months. Mr. Banks, in the evening, paid a vifit to the king, bv whom he was received very gracioufty at his (> ilnce, in the middle of a rice field, notwithrtanding liij inajefty was bufily employed in drcffing his own fuppii. The day following, Monday the 7th, the In- dians refoited 10 the trading place with fowls, filh, monkeys, fmall deer, and fome vegetables ; but no tur- tle appeared till next day, Tuefday the 8th, after which )biiu' w ere brought to market every day, while we ftaid, but t!ie whole quantity together was not equal to that we bought the day after our arrival. Vriday the i ith, Mr. Banks having received intelli- grncc from a fervant he had hired at Batavia, that the Indians of this ifland had a tow n fituated near the fliore, to the weftward, he determined to go in fearch of the fame. With this views he Cct out in the morning, ac- companied by the fecond lieutjnain ; and apprehend- ing his vifit might not be agreeable to the natives, he told liK h of them as he met, that he was in Icarch of No. 10. plants, which was indeed alfo true. Having come to a place where there were three or four houfcs, they met with an old man, of whom they ventured to make a few enquiries concerning the town. He would have perfuaded them, that it was at a gteat diftance ; but perceiving they proceeded forw ard, he joined company, and went on with them. The old man attempted fc- veral times to lead them out of the way, though with-' out fucqefs ; but when at length they came within fight of the houics, he entered cordially into their party, and conduced them into the tow n, the name of which is Samadang. It conlifts of about four hundred houfes, and is divided by a brackifti river into two parts, one called the old, and the other the n:w town. When they had entered the former, they were accofted by fc- ven-il Indians whom they had feen at the trading place, and one of them undertook to carry them over to the new town, at two-pence per head. The bargain be- ing made, they embarked in two fmall canoes, placed along-fidc of each other, and lalhed together, to pre- vent their over-fetting. They landed fafely, tliough not without fome difticulty ; and when they came to the new town, the people (hewed them every mark of a cordial friendfliip, (hewing them the houfes of their king and principal people. Few of the houfes were open at this time, the inhabitants having taken up their rcfidcnce in the rice-grounds, to defend their crops againft the birds and monkeys, who without this neccflary pri caution would dcltroy them. When their ciiriofity was fatislied, they hired a large failing boat (or two rupees, value (bur (hillings, which conveyed them to the bark time enough to dine upon one of the finall deer, weighing only lorty pounds, which proved to be exceeding gord and favory food. In the evening we again went on lliore, to fee how our people went on, who were eniplo/ed in v.ooding and watering, when we were told, that an axe had been ftolen. Application was immediately made to the king, who, after fome altcrcati)n, proinifcd, that the axe ftiould be reftored in the morning ; and it was accordingly brought to us by a man, who pretended, that the thief, afraid of a difcovery, had left it at his houfe in the night. On Sunday, the i;jth, having nearly compleated our wood and water, Mr. Banks took leave of his majefty, to whom he had made feveral trifling prefents, and at parting g?.e him two quires of paper, which he gra- cioufly accepted. During their converfation, the king enquired, why the linglifh did not touch at (he ifland as they had ufed to do. Mr. Banks replied, that the reafon was, he fuppofed.becaufc they found a deficiency of turtle, of which there not being enough to fupply one fliip, many could not be expected; and to fupply this deleift, Mr. Banks advifed his majcfty to breed cat- tle, buffaloes, and flieep ; but he did not feem difpofcd to adopt this prudent mcafure. On Monday, the 1 4th, we had got on board a good ftock of frefh provifions, confiding of turtle, fowl, (ilh, two fpcciesof deer, one about the (ize of a (heep, the other not bigger than a rabbit; alfo cocoa-nuts, plantains, limes, and other vegetables. The deer, however, ferved only for prefent ufe, for we could fel- dom keep one of them alive more than twenty-four hours. Ihe trade on our parts, was carried on chiefly with Spanifli dollars, the natives fecming not to fet value upon any thing elfc; fothat our people who had a ge- neral permiifion to trade, parted with old (hirts and other articles, which they were obliged to fubftitutefor money to great difadvantage. On Tuefday, the 1 5th, in the morning, we weighed, with a light breeze at N li, and ftood out to (ea. Wc took our departure frjm Java I lead, which is in latitude 6 deg. 49 min. S. and in longitude 2 53 deg. 12 min. Weft. Prince's Ifland, where we were ftationcd about ten days, in the Malay language, called Pulo Selan, and in that of the inhabitants, Pulo Paneitan, is a fmall ifland, fituated in the weftern mouth of the ftreight of Sunda. It is woody, a very finall part of it having been cleared. We could perceive no remarkable hiH upon it ; but a fmall cmiijcncc, juft gver the landing Z place, 9° Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. I J, Ji f1 "5 ; s i-i' I place, has been named, by the Englirti, the Pike. T'ornierly this place «as much frequented by India lliips belonging to various nations, cfpecially from England ; but of late they have tbrfakcn it, becaufe the water is bad, and touch either at North Ifland, or at New Bay, a few leagues dillani from Prince's Ifland, at neither of which places any conliderable quantity of other pro- vifions can be procured j and, upon the whole, we mull give it as our opinion, that Prince's Illand is more eligible than cither of them ; for though, as we have already obferved, the water is brackiih, if filled at the lower part of the brook, yet higher up we found it excellent. The firft, fccond, and perhaps the third (hip, that arrives here in the ie.ifon, may be well fupplied with turtle; but fuch as come afterwards mull be content with fmall ones. What ve purchafcd were of the green kind, and coft us, at an average, about three far- things a pound. They were neither fat nor well Ha- vourcd, which circumllance we imputed to their being long kept in pens of brackiih water, without food. The fowls are large, and we bought a dozen of them for a Spanifli dollar, which is about five pence a piece. 'Ihc fmall deer coil us tivcvpencc a piece, and the larger, two only of which were brought to market, a rupee. The natives fell many kinds of fiih by hand, and wc found them tolerably cheap. Cocoa nuts, if they were picked, we bought at the rate of a hundred for a dollar; and if taken promifcuoufly, one hundred and thirty. Plantains we found in abundance ; alio pine apples, water-melons, jaccas, and pompions, be- fidcs rice, yams, and fevcral other vegetables, all which wc purchafcd at rcafonahle rates. In this ifland the inhabitants are Javancfe, .ind their , '.ija is fubjeCt to the Sultan of Bantam. In their man- ors and cullomsthcy refcinble the Indians about Bata- \ia ; but they are more jealous of their women, for all the time we were there, we faw not any of them, except one by chance in the woods, as flic was running away ti> hide hcrfclf. They prolefs the Mahomedan religion ; but not a mofque did wc difcovcr in the whole ifland. While we were among them, they kept the fall called by the Turks Ramadan, with extreme rigour, not one f)f them touching a rnorfel of victuals, nor would they cluw tluit bctie till fun-fct. Their food is likewife the fame with that of the Batavian Indians, except the ad- dition of the nuts of the palm, by eating of which, upon the roall of New Molland, fomc of our people Mere made 1i< k, and fome of our hogs (xiifoncd. We cn<)uirid In whit means thefc nuts were dreprived of their noxious deleterious quality, and were informed, ih.it tlu y full cut them into thin lliccs, and dried them jn the fut\. then llceped them in frelh water for three nicnih-, and at'terwards, prclllng out the water, dried them a Iccond time in the fun ; but after all, we found thev are eaten onK' in times of fcarcity, when they mix tluiii \* ith their rice to make it go farther. The hiHifcs of thefc people are built ujion piles, or pillarv, ,\ni\ elevated ubout fuur or five teet above the ground. Ujion thefc is laiil a floor of bamlxx) canes, at Prince's Island. Jalma, Iticang, Oroi'ulatackc, Holo, Erung, Mata, C hole, Cutock, Heatung, .Serit. I'imping, Hullodoor, Metis, Curu, Eangan Kamo L,angaii, English. yi 1)1,111. A zvomnn, A cbtU. The head. The noji. The eyes, The ears. The If, -lb. The belly. Tfje hackfide. The tbigh. The knee. The le^. A nail. A hand. A jinger. fuch a diftance from each other, as to leave a free pnf- fagc for the air from Ix-low. The walls alfo arc of bam- boo, interwoven hurdlewife, with fmall (licks, ami f.l- tened perpendicularly to the beams which fbrni tlit frame of the building; it has a (loping roof, Co well thatched with palm-leaves, that neither the fun, nor rain can find entrance. The ground -plot, upon which the buihling is credited, is an oblong fquarc. On one (ide is the door, and in the fpacc between that and the other end of the houfe, in the center, towtirds the k;t hand, is a window. A partition runs out from each end of the houfe, which continues lb far'as to leave an opening oppofite the door. P'ach end of the houfe thetLfore, to the right and left of the door, is dividal into two apartments, all open towards the padage from the door to the wall on the oppofite fide. In that on the left hand, next to the door, the children flcep ; that oppofite to it is forthcufeof ftrangers ; in the iniirr room, on the left hand, the mailer and his wite fleep; and that oppofite to it is the kitchen. The dhly dific- rcnce between the poor and the rich, with refpect to thefe houfes, coTifil^s in their fi/c : but wc muft excc|)t the royal palace, and the houfe of one Gundang, the next man m riches and influence to the king ; for thofc inflead of being wrfttlc'd with fticks and bamboos, arc enclofed with boards. Thefe people have occafioiwl houfes in the rice fields, at the fcalbn t\hen they are in- fcfled with the birds and monkeys. They ditfer omK- from their town houfes, by being raifcd ten feet infteail of four from the ground. The inhal>itants of this ifland are of a good ilifpo. (ition ; and dealt with us very honetlly ; only like other Indians, and the retailers of filh in London, iheywouKI afk twice, and fonxctimes thrice as much for their cle have occafioi,;,! n When they are in- 'I'hey diffbr onU- fed ten feet infKaii ■ "*" » K"Iantains together, cy divided the mo- proprictors, in ,i eir contributions, iange our monc)-, ivclhillings, for 'a untingtotwofliil. >ve a language of Malay language, ung, the language cirtrilicoriginalTy to New Hav, and Irivcn from thcr found too nunie- re fjx)kcn by the their illand ; bur [erent from that : only one day's ^nipcror of Java, ■cfponding words Java, and Ma AV. ■• n. .11 COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE — for making Difcoveries in the S-tuf /j Seas fc Round the World. 91 I, In this fpecimcn the different parts of the body arc fchofcn, becaufe they arceafily obtained from thofe whofe language is unknown; and it is worthy of obfcrvation, that the Malay, the Javancfc, and the language in Prince's Ifland, have words, which if not exadly funilar to thofe ufed in the South-Sea Illands, are manitclliy derived from the fame fource, as will appear from the following lift. Soutii-Sea. Malav. Javanese Mata - Mata - Moto Maa . Macan _ Mangan Einu _ Menum _ Gnumbe • Matte - . Matte - Matte Outou _ Coutou - Euwa _ Udian - - Udan - Owhe Eu ^ Soufou ., Soufou - Mannu _ - Manny Eyca - lean - Iwa Tapao - - - Tapaan Tooura - Udang - - Urang - Eufwhe - - Ubi - Urve Etannou - _ Tannam . Tandour Enaminou - Hearu Gnammuck Garru _ _ Caru Taro « Tallas - Talus Uta • ' Utan - Prince's Island. Mata Awe Mannuck English. yh< eye. The ear. To drink. To kill. A loufe. Rain. Bamboo cane. A hcaft. A bird. A fijh. The foot. A lo'hjler. Tiims. To bury. A mufchito. To/cratch. Cocoa-roots. In-land. But the finiilitude in thcfc languages is more remark- able in words exprelFing number, which feems to prove that they have one common root. Mr. Hanks, with theaflTiftance of a negro flavc, born at Madagafcar, and who was on board an Englifh iliip at Batavia, drew up the following comparative table, from whence it will appear, that the names of numbers, in particular. South-Sea Islands. Malav. Javanesf Tahic • Satou . Sigi Rua - Dua - Lorou Torou - Tiga - Tullu - Haa - Ampat - - Pappat Rcina . Lima . Li mo Whcncy - . Annam - • Nunnam Hetu - Tudju - Petu Waru . Dclapau - . Wolo - Iva - Scmbilan . Songo Ahoura _ Sapoulou - Sa^Mulou In From thd fimilitudc between the Eaflern Tongue and that of the South Sea, many conjcdurcs may be formed concerning the peopling of thofe countries, which cannot tafily be referred to Madagafcar. The people of Java and Madagafcar appear to be a dilferent race;, the Javanefe has long hair, and his complexion is of an olive cart ; w htreas a native of Madagafcar is black, and his hair woolly; yet this will not conclude againft the opinion of theirhaving had commo.i ancellors : and, poflibly, the learning of antient EfTypt might run in two rourfcs, one through Africa, and the other through Alia, dilFeininating the (iime words in each, efpecially terms of number, which might thus become part of the linguagc r)f people who never had any communications with c.ii.h oilier. la the month of February we held on our ccftirfc, and made the bell of our way for the Cape of Good Hope; but now the fiiiui! feeds of difeafc, our people had yubibed ai Batavia, began to appear, with the moft alarniing fyunuoms, in dyfenteries and flow fevers. Our iituation \n a lliort lime was truly deplorable, and the iliip «as little bcttei than an hofpital, in which thofe who did duty, wen: two few to attend thofe who were eonlined 10 tiieir hamiiioeks. Many of thcfe were inthclaH Ihigc ot'the tleflrik'tive diforder; and almoft every night we committed a body to the fca. Mr. Banks was among the number of the lick, and for fome time we defpaired of his life. In the courfe offix weeks we buried Mr. Sporing, a gentleman of Mr. Banks's retinue, Mr. I^arkiiilbn, his natural hillory painter, Mr. (rieen the alhonoiiier, the boatfwain, the carpenter, and his mate, Mr. Monkhoufe the midlhipman, our jolly fail-maker, and his alUllant, the cook, the corporal of the marines, two of the carpenters crew, a midlhipmap. and nine failors ; in all three and twenty perfons. bclides I are in a manner common to all thefe countries : but we niuft obferve, that in the ifland of Madagafcar, the names of numbers, in fome inftances, arc fimilar to all thefe, which is a duiiculty not eafy to be folvcd ; yet the fael will appear unqueftionable from the following lift of words, drawn up, as we have obferved, by Mr- Banks. Prince's Isle. Madagascar. English Hegic life - - One. Dua - Rua - - Tzvo. ToUu - Tellou - - Three. Opat - Eftats - - Four. Limah Limi - File. Gunnap - Ene - Six. Tudju - Titou - - Seven. Delapan - Walon - - Eight. Salapan Sivi - Nine. Sapoulou - Tourou - Ten. the fevcnthat we had buried at Batavia. Such was the havock difeafc made among our ftiip's company, though we omitted no means, which we conceived might be a remedy; and to prevent the infection from fpreading, we purilicd the water taken in at Prince'.s Ifland with lime, and wallied all parts of the bark be- tween decks with vinegar. Friday the 15th of March, about ten o'clock P. M. we brought the lliip to an anchor oft" the Cape of Good Hope. Capt. Cook repaired immediately to the governor, who chearfuUy promifed him every rcfrelh- ment the country affbrdea; on which a houfe was hired for the lick, and it was agreed they fliould be lodged and boarded for two (hillings each man per day. Our run from Java Head to the Cape alVorded few obfervations that can be of ufc to future navigators, but fome occurrences we muft not pafs over in lilencc. We had left Java Head eleven days before we got the general S. E. tradc-w ind, during w hich time, we did not advance above 5 deg. to the fouthward, and 3 dcg. to the W. having an unwholefome air, occafioned probably by the load of vapours, which the eaftern wind, and wefterly inonfoons, bring into thefe latitudes, both of which bl"w in thefe feas, at the time we happened to be thciC. Our difeafes were certainly aggravated by thofe poifonous vapours, and unwholefome air, particularly the flux, which was not in the leaft degree checked by any medicine ; fo that whoever was feized with it, con- fidered himfelfasa dead man; but we no fooner got into the trade wind, than we felt its fajutary etfeCls. It is true, we buried feveral of our crew afterwards, but they were fuch as had been taken on board in a ftate fo low and feeble, that there was fcarcely a poflibility of their recovery. We fufpeded at firft, that this drcadfuj^ diforder might have beco generated by the wamn that 9* Capt. COOK '8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. ff i Iff. 1 1 ■■ J ■'i«j wc took on board at Prince's Ifland, or by the turtle wc purchafcd there j but this fufpicion we found to be groundltTs ; bccaufc all the (hips that came from Data-, via at the fame feafort, fufTered in like manner, and fftnie even more fevcrely, though none of them touched at Prince's llland in their way. Not many days after our departure from Java we were attended by the boobies wr fcvcral nights fuc- ccflivcly, and as thcfe birds are known to roofl every night on lliore, wc concluded land was not far diftant ; perhaps it might be the ifland of SeJam, which in different charts, is very differently laid down both in name and iituation. After thefc birds had left us, we were vifited by no more, till we got nearly a-brea(l of Madagafcar, where in latitude 27 deg. three quar- ters S. we law an albatrofs, the number of uhich in- crcafcd every day, with others of different kinds, par- ticularly one about the fize of a duck, of a very dark brown colour, with a ycllowiih bill; and they be- came more numerous as wc approached the Ihore. When we got into foundings, we were vilitcd by gan- ncts, which we continued to fee as long as wc were u|)on the bank that ftretches off Anguillas to the dif- tance of forty leagues, and extends along fhore to the caftward, from Cape Falfe, according to fome charts, one hundred and fixty leagues. The real extent of this bank is not cxadtly known ; it is however ufeful as a di- rection to fhipping when to haul in, in order to make the land. At the time the Kndeavour lay at the Cape of Good Hope, the Houghton Indiaman failed for England. She had buried near forty of her crew, and when ihc left the Cape, had many of her hands in a hclplefs con- dition, occalioned by the fcurvy. Other (bips likewife experienced a projwrtionable lofs by ficknefs ; fo that our fuffcrings m ere comparatively light,conlidering that we had been abfcnt near three times as long. Wc con- tinued at the cape till the 13th of April, in order to recover the lick, procure flores, and to do fonic neccC- r.iry work up KFl: mode of thi-ir country, that not onr of them will lUr without a chaudpicil, or chauftct, which is carried by a fervant. that it may be rcaily to place under her feet, whenever flic fits down: though few of thefc chautlcts have fire in them, which iitdccil the climate renders un- Bcceflary. Notwiihftanding the natunil (krility of the climate, induftry has fupplied this place with all the nccefPa- tics, and even luxuries of Tfe in the greatell profulion. The beef and mutton arc excellent, though the oxen and fhcep are natives of the country : the cattle arc Ii;;hter than ours, more neatly made, and have horns that fprcad to a much wider extent. The flieep arc clothed w ith a fubllancc between wool and hair, and have tails of an enoniious (i/e : wc faw fome that weighed twelve jxiunds, and wc heard there were many much larger. CJood butter is made from the milk of row:!, but the checfe is very much inferior to our own. Here arc hogs and a variety of poultry j alfo goats, but thcfo lart arc never eaten. Hares arc to be found cx- ai-'Hy like thofc in luiropc; likcwifc many kinds of an- telopes ; t]uails of two forts, and bul^ards, all well Ha- voured, but not juicy. The fields produce European wheat and barley ; the gardens European vegetables ; fruit of ail kinds; bclides plantains, guavas, j;mibu, and other Indian fruits, but thele arc not in perfection; fhe plantains, in particul.ir, are very bad, and the puav;is no larger than goofcbe.'rie.s. The vineyards alfo produce wines of various forts, but not equal to thofc of l-'iirope, except the Conflantia, which is made genuine only at one vineyard, about ten miles diflant from the town. There is another vineyard near it, where wine IS made, and called by the fame name, but it isgre.iily inferior. With rrfpcct to the animals of this country, the wild differ in nothing from thole found in other parts. There are great numbers of domelhc animals in the various colonies and feulenients at the Cape, and the woods and mountains ab(Mind with wilil beads. The horfes, which were brought originally from Perfia. arc of a bay or chtlnut colour, and rather fmall. The dogs hive a very unfightly appearance, and arc of little uie. Among the wild beads, the elephant claims the (irU place. 'I'he rhinoceros is of a dark alh colour, and hns a fiiout like a hog. A horn projects about two feet fioin the nofe, rclcmbling in fliaix: a plough (hare, and of a ;;rey dingy colour. With this he tears up the groiiiul, pulls up trees by their roots, throws large Itones over his head, and rips up the elephant, to whom he is a mortal enemy. Another horn of about fix inches long, turns up from his forehead. His legs are Ihort, his ears fmall, and his fenfe f fmelling furprizingly acute. When he fcents any thing he purfues in a right line, and teare up every thing in his ways but his eyes being exceeding irnall and fixed, he can only fee ihait forwanl, fo that it is eafy to avoid him by hep- ping allde, as he is a long time in turning himfclfabout, and longer Hill in getting light apain of the objed. He w ill not att.ick a man without being provoked, orunlefs he is drclled in fcarlct. When he has killed any crea- ture, he licks the flefh from its bones with his rough tongue, which is like a rafp. He feeds much on herbs, thiltlcs, and a plant rcfcmbling juniper, and which, from its fondnefs of it, is called rhmoceros-bufh. The bl(5od, fkin, and horn of this animal, are medicinally ulcd, and faiii to be very efficacious in many diforders. Wine, po»ired into cups made of the horn, bubbles up in a ftrangc kind of fermentation, appearing as if boil- ing. Should a fmall portion of poifon be put into the wine, the cup fplits ; but if fwifon only is pnurcd into the cup, it Hies into a thouland pieces i hence cups made of this horn are decnied excellent fafeguards, and, on that account, independent of their falubrious qua- lities, are highly valued. At the Cape, wolves arc of two kinds ; the one rcfembles a fliccp-dog, and is fpotted like a tygcr; the other is like an European uolf: they both prowl about, and do great mifchief in the nighl-timc, but lie coiKcakd in the day. Lions, lygcrs, leopards, iLC. alfo abound here, and arc fo troublcfome, that the pcrfou who kilb one of cither fort, i* rewarded with twenty-five florins, or fifty Jliij- lings. 1 he flcfli of the lion is cncemed equal to vcni.i fon, and the fat is much valued, Here arc inuch larger buffaloes than in Europe. They arc of a brown co. lour : the horns are (hort, and cm ve towards the neck, where they incline to each other. Iletwccn them k a tuft of hair upon ilu: forehead, w hich adds to the fieivt^ nefs of the look. The flutch call the civit cat, not that it i» really the animal of th.it name, but becaufc of the fine fcent of the lltin. The next is called the tyger- cat, from its being very large, and fpotted like atyger. The third fort is the mountain cit, which, as well a .s the tame cat, rcfembles thofe of Europe. The fourth fpccics is denominated the blue cat, from its colour, having a fine blue tinge, with a beautiful red litl down its back. There is a fpccics of mice peculiar to this country, called the rattlc-moufe, which is about the lizc of a fquirrel, and makes a rattling noifc with its tail. It is very nimble, lives upon nuts and acorns, and purs like a cat. Among the hogs with which thii country abounds, is the wild hog, or rather wild boar, which is very fierce, and harbours in woods ; and the earth hog, w hich is of a red colour, and without teeth : this lodges like a badger in holes, and fccils upon ants ; thefc he procures by forcing his long rough tonguennto their hills, from whence he ilraws it w ith a great numlx-r glued thereto. Many jack»lls, fome er- mines, baboons, monkeys, Sec. arc found alwut the ca|K; and frequently do great mifchief in the gardens, orchards, and vineyards. The porcupine is very com- mon, antl its Helli cftecmcd delicious. There arc two forts of w ild alles in this country, one of which is a beautiful creature, called the zebra, and bears a greater aftinity in make and Ihapc to the horfe than the a(s. Indeed the cars arc fomewhat like thofe of the latter animal, but in all other rcfpccls it has a much more noble appearance. It is admirably well made, exceed- ing lively, and fo extremely fwift, that it throws al- mofl cvcrv purfuer at a diflance. Its legs are fine ; ir has a twitted tail, round flcfhy haunches, and a fmooth (kin. 'ihe females are white and black, and the males white and brown. Thefc colours are placed alternately in the mort beautiful ftripes, and arc parallel, diftim.'!, and narrow. The whole animal is ftrcakcd in this ad- mirable manner, fo as to appear to a diflant beholder as if covered with ribbons. Moll naturaliHs affirm, that the zebra never ^aij be tamed, '1 hat which was prew fcntcd ■m r E. florins, or fifty fliil- ceincd equal to vcni^ Here arc inuch larger are of a brown (o- ive towards the neck, Between them is ,i lichadclstotheficra'- reding hard, and the ; fierce creature, and many other animals, ith horns a foot lopir. , having a beautillil oft finooth hair of an irgcr than the undi r, the Helh by the CapJ icll beef. They nm ;reat agility, thouj-h indred pounds eai h. lilcd llink box, fi()!ii Jead ; it is about &<: made much hkc ,i rpccie-i. Onc.talka olour. The ffvittLil narked with broun, arc a foot long. 'I lie is no lanaT than :i ilantation?.. The di- onc, and receives it. J, down ill the gral'* niinal calUd a goat, it is of the lize ol .» he hair of the fidci •d, and that on the from his forehead to rs furround his Inxly horns ! but thofc of and the Helh is eT- if the hart do not I the roebuck is ui are of feveral forts', t cat, not that it i> but becaufc of the is called the tygei- fpottcd likeatyger. t, which, as well a.< urojic. The fourth at, from its colour, a beautiful red lift of mice peculiar to ufe, which is about rattling noifc with ion luits and acorns, ogs with which thu or rather wild boar, in wootls J and the and without teeth : s, and feeds upon »g his long rough :e he ilraws it with a yjackalls, fome rr- 'C found about the hief in the gardens, •cupinc is very com- js. There arc two , one of which is a and bears a greater horfe than tnc af^. thofe of the latter t has a much more well made, cxcecd- , that it throws al- Its legs are fine ; ir iches, and a fmooth lack, and the males re placed alternately re parallel, diftind, ftrcaked in this ad- diftant beholder as uralifls affirm, that at which was pr five to fifteen pounds. The narcotic or benumbing quality of this fifh was known to the ancients, and hath furnilhcd matter of fpcculation to the philofophers of all ages. If a perfon touches it when alive, it inftantly deprives him of the ufe of his arm, and has the fame ctt'ciil if he touches itwithaftick. Even if one creads upon it with a ftioe on, it art"eOls not only the leg, but the thigh upwards. They who touch it with the feet are feized with a ftronger palpitation than even thofo who touch it with tiie hand : this numbncfs bears no refcmblance to that which we feci when a nerve is a long time prelTed, and the foot is faid to be aflccp : it rather appears to be like a fudd:n vapour, which palling through the pores in an inftant, penetrates to the very fpringsof lite, from whence it dift'ufes itfelf all over the body. 96 Capt. C O O K's VOYAGES C O M P L E T h\ M,i itet.i !f boii)-, siulf^ivi's-rOal pain. 'I'hc nerves arc fo afVccU'ci, that the pcrfon llriitk iniaj^incs all the bones of his body, ami particularly thofe ot the Innb th»t received the blow, arc driven out ot" joint. All this is ateoni- panied with a univerfal tremor, a litkncl's of the Qo- luach, a general convuHion, and a total fiifpcnlion of the faculties of the mind. In lliort, fuch is the pain, that all the l()rce of our proiiiiles and authority could not prevail upon a feaman to underp) the lliock a fe- (ond time. It hax been obferved, that the pov\ers of. this (ilh decline with its Itrenpth, and intircly ccafes when it expires. This bcnumbinj^ faculty is of double ufe to the torpedo : firll it enables it to get its prcv w ith great facility ; and fecondly it is an admirable defence againll its enemies, as by numhinjj; a lilli of fupcrior force with its touch, it can ealily cicape. The narcotic power of the torpedo is greater in the female than the male. ,\ccording to Appian, it will benumb the filher- nian through the whole extent of hook, line and rod. 'I'he Hcfli of this remarkable lilh having, however, no pernicious quality, is eaten by the people of the Cape ui ci)m\ni)n with others. 'I'hc air at the Cape of Good Hope is falutary in a high liegree ; fo that thofe who bring difeafes from iMuope generally recover health in a (hort time; but the difeafes tint are brought hither from India are not fo certainly cured. The weather at the cape may be divided into two feafons, namely, the wet monloon, and the dry moiifoon; the former begins in March, and the latter in September ; fo that fummer commences at the Cape about the tune that it concludes with us. 'I'he inconveniences of the climate areexcelTive heat in the dry feal'on, and heavy rains, thick fogs, and N. W. winds in the wet feal'on. Thunder and lightning arc never known here but in March and September. VVa- tfr feldom freezes, and when it does, the ice is but thin, and diflblves ujion the leafi appearance of the fun. In the hot weather, the people are happy when tlie wind blows from the .S. li. becaufe it keep,> olf the fea-wccils which uthenvife would tloat to the Ihorc, and corrupt there, 'i'he appearance of two remarkable clouds, which freijuently hang over the fummits of the two mountains of Table-hill and Devil. hill, com- monly enable the inhabitants of this country to prog- nollicate what weather will happen. The clouds are at iirrt fmall, but gradually increafmg, they at length unite into one douil, which invelops both mountams, when a terrible hurricane foon enfues. A gentleman, who relided many years a', the Cape, fays, " 'I'he llntuui;iiKe. In its ufual (late, the wind keeps up its lull fury, unabated, for one, two, three, or eight days, and fonieiimes a whole month. The cloud leems all the time undiininilhcd, though little ticeces are feen torn from the Ikirts from time to time, and hurried dou n the lidcs of the hills, vanilliing when they reach the bottom ; fo that during the iloriu the cloud feems to be fupplied with new water. When the cloud be- gins to brighten u|>, thofc-fupplies fail, and the wind proportionably abates. At length the cloud growing tranfparcnt, the wind ceafes." During the continu- ance of the S. K. winds, the Table-valley is torn by furious whirlwinds. If they blow w arm, they are ge- nerally of Iliort duration, and in this cafe the cloud foon difappears ; but when the wind blows cold, it is a fure lign it w ill lall long.cxcept an hour or two at noon, or midnight when it I'cenjs to recover ricw rtrcngth,and afterwards renew .>; its boidcrous rage. Near the Cape the water of the ocean is of a green colour, owing principally to the coral Ihrubs, and the weed called troiuba. The firrt, while in the water, are green and foft ; but when cxpofed to the air, they grow hard, and diangc their colour to white, black, or red. The latter are ten or twelve feet in length, hollow within, and when dry, become linn and llrong. They arc otlen framed into trimipets, and the found they pro. duce is very agreeable to the ear. The fourccH of the rivers in this fountry are in tlir mountains : they glide over a gravelly bottom, arc clear, pleafant, and falubrious ; but other (lre;uns ,irc dark, muddy, and unwholfomc. Mere are a liw brackifh fprings, whofe waters medicinally ufcd, grciul, purify the blood ; and feveral hot baths arc very ellita- cious in various diforders. Upon the whole, the ivpn- tation of the Cape waters isfo great, that every Daniili iliip returning from India, is obliged to fill a large c:ill with the clear fweet water that abounds here for the ili. of his Danifli majerty. 'i'hc foil in general about the Cape confifls of adavcv earth, and is fo fat, that it requires but little manuriii;;, VV'hitc arid red chalk are found in abimdancc; thi; former is iifed by the Dutch, to whitewalli their houl'es, and the latter by the Hottentot women to paint thin faces. Various bituininous fubllanccs of feveral colours arc found in Drakenlloin colony, particularly a kind ot oil which trickles from the rocks, and has a very rank fmell. With refpe(!t to minerals, lilvcr ore has baTi found in fome of the mountains, ami alio feveral iron mines. 'I'he Namaijua Hottentots, who are lituatcii above three hundred miles from the cape, bring copper to trade with the Dutch. When we fpeak of agriculture, it is to be ohfervcd, that the I'luropeans of the Cape, and their lamls, aro implied ; l()r the I lottcntots in general dcteft the very idea of cultivation, and would looner llarve than till the ground, fo greatly are they adiiictcd to lloth and in- ilolciK e. The working i>f the plough heio is fo lalwin- ous from the llilliiefs tif the foil, that it fiequiiuly ri- quires near twetity oxen to one plough, 'i'he li)win,; leafon is in July, and the harvell about C'hrilhnas. The corn is not thrathed with a Hail, but trotl out by horfci or oxen, on an artificial Hoor inade of cow -dung, llraw, and water, which when mixed together cements, and fcH)n becomes perfecUy hard. It is laid in an o\al form. The cattle are cimfined by halters which rmi from one to the other, and the driver ftands in the middle, where he cxercifes a long Hick to keep them continually to a quick pace. Uy this method hall a dozen horfes will do more in one day, than a dozen men can in a week. A tythe of the corn IkIoii);; to the Dutch Company, and the reft they purchal.- at a price llipulatcd between them and the hul- bandmen. We have already obferved of the inhabitants of the Cape, that their nun-ber bears a greater proportion to the natives and (Irange ,, than thofe in uatavia; aiul have only to add, that the women in general are veiv handfomc: they have fine clear fkins, and a bloom u\ colour th.1t indicates a purity of conftitution, and high health. I'hey make the licft wives in the world, both as miftrefl'es of a fannly and mothers, and there i; fcarcely a houfe that does not fwarm with children. I'he common method in which ftrangers live here, i'l to kxlge and board with fomc of the inhabitants, manv of whofe houfes are always open for their reception ; the rates arc from live Ihillings, to two a day, for whiih all neceiraries arc found. Coaches may be hired at twenty-four Ihillings a day, and horfes at fix ; but the country aftbrds very little temptation to ufe them. There arc no public entertainments, and to thofe that arc private, all ftrangers of the rank of gentlemen an; always admitted. We conie now to fpcak of the CafTres or natives of this country, none of whole h;tbitations, w here they ic tain their original cufloms, are within Icfs than four days journey from Cape Tow n ; thofe that we faw at tlii> Cape were all fervants to Dutch farmers, whofe cattle they take care of, and arc employed in other drudgery of the meaneft kind. There are fixtcen Hottentot nations, which inhabit this fouthern promontory ; ii leaft, there arc fo many that hold a correfj)ondence with the Dutch, though it is prefumcd, there arc many more to the northwanl. The ftaturc of the Hottentot men is from five to (ix feet in height. Their bodies are proportionable, and , well li. COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE — for making Dilcovcrics in t\w S':itf/> ii,jj ic Round tlic ll'cr/J. 97 111 ilic round they pre, lis f oiintry are in thf gravelly bottom, arc Jut other (1 reams arc Merc are a Inv ilicihSlly iifcil, grcailv baths arc very eHua- ihc whole, the re|ni- •at, that every Daiiiili ;eil to lill a large call; oijiids here for the ill; pcconfifls of aclavcv s hut little manuriii;!. tl in abundance; riVc hitcwalh their houlcs, omen to paint thiir nces olCevcral coloui.! particularly a kind nt , and has a very rank (ilvcr ore has been , and allbfcvcral iron Its, who arc lituatcd 10 cape, bring copper it is to be ohfervcd, and their lands, ari; eneral dctcrt the virv oner lliirve than till lit ted to (loth and m- ugh luie is lb laboi 1. that it fre.]tu:iul>' rt- )bugh. 'ihe fottin,; out Chrirtnias. '1 lie lut trotl out by horfci -• of cow-dung, nra.i, gether cements, and It is laid in an oval yy halters which run driver ftands in tlic ig nick to keep them iy this method hall n one day, than a ic of thecornlieionji;! le reft they purchal; :hcin and the hul- ic inhabitants of the greater nroportion to lofc in Uatavia; and I in general are veiv kins, and u bloom oi onllitution. and high s in the world, Iwtli others, and there 1; warm with children, rangers live here, i< he inhabitants, manv I (or their reception ; two a day, for which :s may be hired at rfcs at lix; but the tation to ufc them. Its, and to thofe that ik of gentlemen aiv raffres or natives of tions, V, here they re- ithin lefs than four >fc that we faw at tiio irmcrs, whofc cattle d in other drudgeiy c fix teen Hottentot ;rn promontory; ,u corrcfpondence with here arc many more 1 is from five to fix proportionable, and well well made : fhey are feldom either too fat or lean, .iivl fcarce ever any crooked or deformed pcrfon^amongll them, any farther than they disligurc their children thcmfelves by flatting and breaking the grifllcs of their nofes, i(X)king on a flat nofe as a beauty. Their heads as well as their eyes, are rather of the largcft : their lips are naturally thick; their hair black and llioit like the negroes, and they have exceeding white teeth : and after they have taken a great deal of pains with greafe and foot to darken their natural tawny complexions, re- femble the negroes pretty much in coloiu'. The wiimPn are much lefs than the men; and what is moll remark- able in them, is a callous Hap or (kin that : .lis over the pudenda, and in a manner conceals it. The report of which ufuall' excites the curiofity of the European faiiors, to vifit the Hottentot villages near the cape, where a great many of thofe ladies, on feeing a Granger, will offer to fatisfy his curiofity tor a half-penny, before a crowd of people, which pertedly fpoils the character that Mr. Kolbcr, has given of their modefly. The head of the men are covered with greafe and foot mixed together; and going without any thing elfc on their he.uls in the Itimmer-time, the dull lUcks to it, and makes them a very filthy cap, which they (ay cools them, ami prelerves their heails from the fcorching heat of the fun ; and in the winter, they wear Hat caps of cat-(kin or lamb-(kin, h.ilf itricd, which they tic with a thong of the fame leather under their chins. The nien alfo «e»r a krolfe or mantle, made of lhcep-flnv cited into Iruttrr, which they put up for anointing theiidclves, dieir ca]is and mantles with, for they eat no butter; and the relt ihc)' (ell to the Dutch, without clearing it fiom the hull- and dirt it contracts in the knaplack. The Htilliuiders, when they have it indeed, endeavour to ie[)aratc the nartinefs from it, and fell it to the'lliipping, that arrives there, frequently for butter of their own malcing; and fbuic they cat theinl'elves (hut fun'ly none but v. Dutch- man could eat Hottentot butter) and the d;ej:s and dirt that is left they give to their Haves'; whicli having been found to create difeafcs, the governor of the cape 2 U (binctimes ^ <;« C.ipt. C () () K's V () V A (; K S C O M 1» L K T K riHiictiincs prohibits tlii'ir^i\ ing their Haves this llutl' hy piibhi c'llict ; which is not, however, iiiuth rcj^anial. I'hc Imttcr-iiiilk, witlimit any nianiicr of dcaninj^ or Itniinirij;, the I lolicntots ilrink thenifelves ; p;iviM^ wliai they ha\e tn fpaie to their laiiih.H ami calvta. Their ul'iial ihiiik is tow's milk or water, ami the wo- men roinetimes ilrink cue's milk; hut this the men never toiith: anil it is oblerveil, tiiat the women are never liillereil to oat with the men, or tome near them, ilinin}^ the time ot their nienles. Since the arrival of the Dutth amonp; them, it ap- pears that the I lottcntots are very lonilofwine, hramly, ami other I'piritiious iiipiors: thefe, anil the haiiMes already mentioneil, the 1 lollamlers triitk for their tat- tle ; ami though a Hottentot w ill turn fpit for a Dutth- inan half a tiay (or a ilraught or two of four wine, yi t ilo they never attempt to |)lant vinesanls (as they lee theUutch often ilo) nr think of makingw ine themfelves. We (hall proceed, in the next place, to giv can accoinit of their towns uulhoufes, or rather, their camjis ami tents. Like thi; Tartars and Arabs, they remove theirdwel- lings frciiuently for the convcniency of water and fre(h padurc : they encamp in a circle formed by twenty or thirty tents, and fometimes tw ice the number, contigu- ous to each other; within the area whereof they keci) their led'cr cattle in the night, and the larger on the outlide of their c.imp: their tenis, or, as foiuc call them, houfes, are made uith llentler poles, bent like an arch, and cmereil with mats or (kins, and fome- times both : they arc of an o\al iigure, the middle of the tent being about the height of a man, and de- treadng gradually (the poles being Ihorter) towards each end, the lowelt arch, whiih is the door or en- trance, beuig about three feet high, as is the ojipolite arch at the other end; the longed diameter of tiie tent lieing about twelve or fourteen feet, and the fhorted ten; and in the middle of the tent is a lliallow hole about a \ard diameter, in vhii h they make their (ire, and round whiih the whole family, conliding of nine or ten ]ieo|)le of all ages and fexcs, (it or lie lught and day in fuch a ("moak (when it is cold, or they aredref- ling of vichials) that it is impollible for an l''.iiro[)ean to bear it, there being ufually no vent tor the fmoak but the door, though Ionic have feen a hole in the top of fomc of their huts, to let out the fmoak, and give them light. Such a circle of tents or huts as has been d( (i ribed, is called by the I lottcntots a kraal, and (bme- times by the Europeans a town or village; but fcems to be more properly a camj) : for a town conlids of more fubllaiuial buildings, and is feldom cajiable of being iiinoveil from one place to anotlur; whereas thel'e dwellings con(i(^ of nothing nioie than ("mall tent~po!cs, covered with (kins or mats, w hiih are move- able, and carried away upon their baggage oxen when- cM-r thc) remove with their herds to a didant padure. As to the lurniturc of their tents ; they conlid of little more than their mantles which they lie on, fomc other (kins of wild beads they have killed or purchalld, an earthen pot they boil their meat in, their arms, and peihajis (ome other trivial utendls. 'I'he only domcdick animals they keep, arc dogs, a; ugly in their kind as their madcrs, but exceeding iifeful to them in driving and defending their cattle. The llottentots are agreed by all to he thc la/icflge- neiaiion under the fun: they will lathc darve, or eat dried (kins, or (hoe folcs at home, than hunt lor their food ; and vet, when they ap|)ly themfelves to thc chacc, or any other cxcrcife, no people are more ai'tive and dexterous than the Hottentots ; and they fervc thc l''uropeans often with thc grcated fidelity and applica- tion, when they contract to fervc them (or wages: they arc alfo exceeding generous and hofpitable ; they will fcarcc cat a ]iieccof venifon, or a dilh of lilli they have catihcd, or drink their beloved drams alone, but call in their neighbours to partake with them as far as it will go. Concerning their government, people agree, that every nation has its king orchid, called koni|uer, whole authority devolves upon him by hereditary fuccedion; and that they do not pretend to elect their rcfpedivc foVercigns. That this thief has thc povver of mikui,; peace and war, and prdide.s in all their council , ,uu| courts of judicc : but then his authority is (aid to In limited; and that h 'ii deiirmine nothing w iilidui the confent of th ns ot the fcveral kra.ds, ulu, fcem to be the [ loi aceedion, ni- ls kraal, aiul inak. . lis iaily iloes the next I thele people llinv )\v neither their kmu me; Miey liihlill, ,i, k of cattle, and whu lettcM, they can h,i\.- me antient ciilt.jiv,, iate. Miinler, aihii- y piinilli with lieaih ; any of thefe crime , \ fectirinj; him ; hi; es his elea|/e to the riminal. like himleli, il treqiiently plunder other kraal or nation ranger, iiniefs he is kI realim tiir leaviii;; prehenileil, the eap- aal in a liay two; i^ ifown upon then- center ol them ; the mi tl'.e party fullerevl the cafe lieing con- IVages of the judges; the prilbncr is cm- rll Ihikes him wiili a and then the rel^ o! ) him to death : tiuii olle or mantle, it i; :he kraal, where they lie is determined l\v ion immciiiately or- )f the gdoils of the long. There is no ig and his council, aals, never inteipofe [Uiblic, or where the wc may add, thai lal tftate defcend to rit him, or give hi< as for property in J man has any; the >n, where they tied from place lo place, L'lHty requires. l'.\eii ounds; but uCi: fiu h i before them : it is ncs create great d:i- teren. e-. cook's first voyage — for making Di/iovrria in the A'^wZ/i Scaj fc Round the WunV. yy Ifereiices between the leveral nations, and on ilion |bl'H>dy warsj which brings us now to treat of their liirms, and the arts and llratagems thev ufe in war. 1 he arms of a Hottentot are, i. I lis lame, which Irefeiiibles a half-pike, fometimes thrown, ami ulid as a ImilliNe weapon i ami at olhens, i'erves to pulli within jcldl'e tight, the head or fpear whereof is poiloned. la. His bow and arrows, the arrows lieardeil and poi- Ifiined likewife, when they engage an enemy or wild IbealV they ilo not intend li)r food. Their bows are made lol iron, or olive-wood; the ftring, of the liiiews or lEiilsof lome animal; the (luiver is a long narrow cafe, |iii.ide of the (kin of an elenhant, elk, or ox, and (lung [at their backs, as foldieis lling their knapliicks. ,|. A |«t.irt of a Hint long, which they throw exceeding true, Ircarce ever milling the mark they aim at, though it is (not above the breadth o< half a crown; thefe alio are [poiliineil, when they engage an enemv or a wild be.ill [that is not to be eaten : ami lalHy, when they ha\e |r|ii.nt the rell ol' their millive weapons, they have re- liourle to Hones, I'eldom making a dilcharge in vain ; [and, what is moll remarkable in their lliooting or [throwing arrows, il.irts, or Hones, they never Ihiml Hill, (but are all the while (kipping and jumping from one [fiile to the other, jiollibly to avoid the (loncs and darts l»)f the enemy. I'hey are all f(H)t, and neser engage on jhorleback j but have dilciplined bulls oroxeii taught to [run upon the enemy, and to tofs and difordcr them ; [Mhich thefe creature,, will do with the utmoH fury on Ithe word of command, not regaiiling the weapon . tliat [are thrown at them : (i)r though the I lottentots have tiiumluisot large elephants in their country, they have jnot )et learned the art of taming them, or training them upiowar, as the military men in the I'.all Indies ulo. I'Acry able boilieil man is a foldier, and potrcllid ot a let of fuch arms a-, has been ilefcribeil; and on the fummonsof his prince, appears :'.t tlie rendezvous with all imaginable .ilicnty and contempt of danger, and every man mail- mis himfelf while the expedition Iills. As their olli is, civil and military, have no pay, fo mitlier do the pi i\.ite men expeel any ; a fenl'e of ho- nour, and the pul'lic good, are the (iile moti\es I'or ha- zarding their lives in their country's fervicc. 'Ihe Hottentots, in war, have very little conception of difcipline, nor indeed is it poilible thev (liould ; lor the only method of railing an army, is, liir the kraal captains to order the jieople to t()llow them ; the only method of maintaining one, is by hunting as thev march : and the only way of decidinga ilifpute betweeii two nations, is, by fighting one battle; the fuccefs of which determines the whole alt'air. In an engagement, they attack with an hideous yell, light in great conlii- lion, and put more lonliilence in theii war oxen than their own (kill : liir, as we have hinted above, thefe aiiinials, when trained to the bulinefs, are better difci- |)limd and iiuich more formiilable, than the Hotten- tots themlelves. The principal inducements to their filtering into a wai- at any time, is the prelervationof tlieir territories. As they have no land marks or w rit- ten treaties to adjiiH the exact bounds of eveiv nation, they lieqiiently liifagree about the limits of their re- I'pective countries ; and, when any neighbouring nation grazes their cattle upona Ipot of ground another claims, latisfaction is immediately demanded; ami, if it be not given, they make reprifais. and have recourfe to arms. IJiit this is not the only occalion of wars amonglt the 1 lottentots : they are not always that challe and vir- tuous people Mr. Kolben has reprefenteil them ; fonie tempting 1 lelen (for Hottentots jioliiblv may appear amiable in one another's eves, with all the grcalc and carrion they arc doathed with) has fmitten a neigh- hniiring chief, perhaps, who prevails on his people to iilhll him 111 the rajie of the delired leiiiale ; and this tiequently lets their tribes together bv the ears. The (tealing each others cattle is' another caule of deadly (hile ; for though e;ich kraal punillies theft among themlelvej with death, yet it is looked upon as an he- roic act to rob thofe of another nation; at leall the hnily ot the people are fobackwanl in giving up the olK-nder, that they frequently come to blows upon it. When ihc) marc h into the field, evciy man follow l his partii ul.ir lajitain, the i hief ol hi. kraal • they obferve little order I neither do they take the precau- tion of throwing uj) treilihe.i to detend themlebci ; and what is Hill more fiirpriling, have no lliields to defend themlelves againH millivc weapons, though foiiie fay they will ward oil' a lance or dart, and even i Hone, with a little iiuncheon about a loot long, which they carry in their haiul. The feveral com])anics ail- vance to the charge, at the command of their chief i and, when thole in the front have lliot one flight of arrows, they retreat and make room llir thofe in the rear; and, when thev have dilihargeil, the toriner ad- vance again, and thus alternately they loiitinue till fhey have I'pent all their millive weapons, anil tlicn they have recoiirf. to lli>ius, iiiilef'. they are full broken and dil'peifeil by a troop of bulls ; liir the w ife chicis and ge- nerals of eaih fide, accoriiing to the luiropean niactice, remaining on an eminence in the rear, to oblerve the forfiine of the day, when they obferve their people are hard prelled, give the wonl of lomman I to their lurps lie referve of bulls, who'break into tlie bod\ of the enemy, and generally bring all into confulioii ; and that lide that preferves their order bell, on this furious attack of thele bulls of Hafan, are line to be vi'to- rious. I'he Ikill of the general feems to be chielly in managing his bulls ; who never charge each odier, but I'liend their whole rage upon the men, who have, it feems, no dogs of I'Jiglilli breevl to play againll them, or this Hratagini would be of little fervice : but we lliould have oliferved, that as the battle always begins with horrid i ries andnoil'e, which perhaps liij)plies the plaic of drums and trumpets ; fo the vuiors infidt with no Id's nolle over the coiu|uereil enemv, killing all that f.ill into their hands: but iliey feldom lij,'ht more than one battle, lijme neighbouring jiower ufually incerpoling to make up the qiuricl ; ami of late the Dim h per- li)rm this good otlice, between fuch nations as lie near their fettlcments. I'roiu their wars with c.uh other, we natiiially proieed to ihiir wars with w ild bcalls, with which their country abounds more than any other; thele people, it feems, cHeem it a much greater honour to have killed t)ne of thefe foes to mankind, than an enemy of their own fpecies. InHances are not wanting of a Hottentot's engaging lingly with the HerccH wild beads, and killing them ; but ufuallv the whole kraal or village aHiiulile, when a wild beall is difcovired in their neighbourhood, and, dividing themlelves in fmall parties, endeaviiu;- to fur- round him. Having found their enemy, thev ufually let up a great cr\, at which the frighted animal endea- vours to break through and efcape them: if it prove to be a 'iiinoceros, an elk, or elephant, they throw their lances at him, darts and arrows being too w eak to pierce through their thick hides: if the beall be not killed at the lirH difcharge, they repeat the attack, and load him with their fpcars ; and, as he runs with all his r.ige at the perli)ns who wimnd him, thofe in his icir follow him dole, and ply him with their lpeai>, on whom he turns again, but is overpowered by his enemies, who conHantly return to the charge, when his back is to- wards them, and fcarce ever (ail ol' bringing the crea- ture down, before he has taken his revenge on any ot' them. How hazardous foever fuch an engagement may appear to an I'.iirope.in, thefe people make it their fport ; and have this advantage, that they are exceed- ing fwift of foot, .mpany, armed only with a dart or two, and fc'd'MH mils the game tlicy throw at: yet, as has been ci.jerved already, fo loiiir as they have any manner of food left, if it be but the raw hides of cattle, or flioe ibles, they will hardly \ic perfuaded to ftir to get more ; though it is true, when they apprehend their cattle in danger from wild bealiq, no people are more active, or puriue the chafe of them with greater alacrity and bravery. From hunting, vo proceed to treat of their fifliing; at which they are vtry expert; taking fifij with angles, nets, andfpears; and they get a cenain filh, c:>"ed rock-lilli, particularly hv groping the holes of the .ocks near the (bore, when tlio tide is out: thefe arc mightily admired by the Eiiin. peans; but having no fcales, the Hottentots will imt eat them. 'I'he manner of the Hottentot's fw imming, is as par- ticular as of his filhing ; for he llanils upright in the fea, and rather walks and treads the water, t'.an fwins U[ioii ic, his head, neck, and Ihoulders Ix'ing j',.er, and if the vir- gin lofes her maidenhiad, Ihe mull havetlu- young !>l- low, though llie be never fo averfe to the umth : 1 ut then the is pcrmitteil to pinch and lirratch, and deleiul hcrfelf as well as (he can; ami if the h.oKls out ill morning, the lover returns without his millrefs, aiij makes no further attempts ; but il he fuluUies her, ihc is his wife to all intents and piirpofes, without further ceremony ; and the next day the nwn kills a tat ox, oi more, according to his tircumllanc.s, f()r the wediimg dinner, and the entertaininent of their friends, who refort to them upon the occalion, bringing abundan c of gle. '1 he >:\ is no fo4)r.i r kille In:, irail'f, as he boih n,', plcafcs their palaii>. s of ihc Hottciitnis: goat, or a hare, tl-( v company, anncii (ml, 11 mils tlie pimc lU, rved already, fo Ion- d left, if it be but tlj s, they wilj hardly Ic loiigh it is true, mIiii n^er from wiiiibcal , rlue the chafe of then . From hunting, v^ at whioh they are \ try nets, and fpears; and k-lilh, particiihirlv hv ir the fliorc, when the Jmired by the Kii;,i. Hottentot;; will iii.t i fwimming, is as pai - (hmils upright in the the water, t'.an fwuns houlders being (Hiiii- IIS, and yet they niuve ipean can j even ia i they will venture \r.-ji e \va\es likea cotk. :•, is tile marri.ige.s of very young fillow li:is iitlier, (or rather I'lo rci]',iire it) th.it he li- he ent( rs into a tre.itv roves the matih, i:',c , pay a vilit to the la- having fnioaked, anj fome time, the tatlur he virj.'ln's father, wl-.o IS an anfwer immci'i- ijeCted, the lover aii.l rds ; but if the otic tlamfel is calleil, ar.J eil a hulband tor lui; •nnination, unlet* ile aftei a night's llnin- iic parents are agrecvl, >;'..vr, and if the mi- havc t!ie young Id- fe to the match : hiii llirratch, and delejij if the l-.oKIs out till ut his milhefs, anj f he fulxlues her, (lie ^ofes, without furtlur iiwii kills a tat ox, in .s, fiir the wcdiiuif; if their I'riciuls, wl.d bringing ainindan c t ihe married coupk-, The ex is no foo!'.i r fome of the fat, aiul .1 to toot, jKiuiler:: i; , and the women, ut )ts with oker, or rid entert:iii'.ir,(:iu Lciij; the ai-^a of the kr.i:ii ithin dixirs) and the giooni litting in tl.c le bride in the (enter enters the men's ( i:- )m, which the vlm'ii;; len goes to the ladit; lame favour. 'I'lien J the brid(*,aiooiii,till '1 he priefl then pio. words : " '1 hat they l-.r; that they :u.\y ..'.r; and that I'.c n\a/ prove COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE — for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round, the World. i o i '■.m prove a brave man, and an expert huntfman, and the like." After which, the meat is fcrvcd up in earthen pots glazed with greafej and fome of them having knives fince the Europeans came amongft thcin, they divide their meat pretty decently; but more of them make ufc of their teeth and claws, pulling it to pieces, nnd eating it as voracioufly as fo many dogs, having no other plates or r.-pkins than the flinking corners of the napkins they wear; and fca fliells without handles ufually ferve them for fpoons. When they have dined, a pipe is filled with tobacco, which they fmoke all round, every one taking two or three whiffs, and then handing it to the next. It is fingular, that though the Hottentots arc immoderately fond of fpirituous li- ijuors, niufic and dancing, yet they do not drink the firft, nc • pra(ftifc thclatter at v eddings. The Hottentots allow of polygamy; but feldomhave tnorc than three wives at a time ; and it feems it is death to marry or lie with a lirft or fecond coufin, or any near relation. A father feldom gives his fon more than two or three cows, and as many Iheep, upon his marriage, and with thefe he mufl: make his way in the world ; and we do not find they give more with their daughters than a cow, or a couple of flieep ; but the latter are to be returned to the father, if the brid, dies without having had any children ; on the contrary, if flie ever bore any children to her hufband, the portion becomes his, even though the children are defun(fl. They do not leave their daughters, or younger fons, any thing when they die ; but all the children dcjjend upon the eldcfl brother, and are his fervants, or rather flavcs, when the father is dead, unlefs the elder brother infran- chife them ; nor has the mother any thing to fubfift on, but wh?.t the eldcll fon allows her. There being no reat fortunes among them, they match purely for ; an agreeable companion is all their greatell men 'aim at: their chiefs intermarry fr'^quently with the pooreft man's daughter ; and a brave fellov, w ho has jno fortune, does not defpair of matching with the daughter jf a prince. A w idow, who marries a fecond time, is obliged to cut off a joint of one of her fingers ; and fo for every hufband flic marries after the firfl. Ei- , thcr man or woman may be divorced, on fhewing fuf- ficicnt caufc before the captain and the refl of the kiaal ; the woman, however, mufl not marry again, though the inan is allowed to murry, and have as many wives I as he pleafcs at the fame time. A young Hottentot never is mafkr of a hut or tent till he marries, unlefs hi.s father dies and leaves him one : therefore the firft bufinefs the bride and bridegroom apply themfelves to, after their marriage fcafl, is to erctft a tent or hut of all new materials, in which work the woman has asgrctt a Iharc as the man ; and this taking them up about a 1 week's time, the .lew »narried couple are entertained in I the mean time in the tents of fome of their relations. i When thi7 rcfort totheir new apartment, and come to kecphoufc together, the wife feems to have much the grcatcft fliare of the trouble of it : the fodders the cat- tle, milks them, cuts out the firing, fearches every morning for roots for their footl, brings them home, land boils or broils them, while the drone of a hufband hies indolently at liome, a.,d will fcarce give himfelf the jtrouble of getting up r Jeat when the food is provided Jforhimby the drudge his wife. The more wives he jhas, j\\\\ the more indolent life he leads, the care of jmaking provilion for the family being thrown upon Ithciii. It is faid he will, in his turn, attend his tattle tin the field ; but expcds everv one of his wives fliould jdo, at lead, as much towaicis taking care of them as [he does. He will alfo, fomctimes, but very rarely go a hunting with the men of his kraal, and bring home a piece of ycnifon, or a difh of fiOi; but this is not of- I ten; and if he is of any handicraft trade, he may work at I it two or three hours in a week, and inftrua his chil- dren in the art. 1 Fe alfi) takes upon him to fell his cattle, and purchafe tobacco, and ttrong luiuois of the Dutch, with mcefTary tools, beads and other orna- ments, fo-- which the Hottentots barter a.vay their cat- tie : their wives are not pei inutcd ro iiuei nuddli- in the bulincfs of buying and lllliiig, this bung the fole prc- Mo. 12. < ,: -?rogative of the man. When a woman brings a liv- ' ing fon into the world, there is great rejoicing ; but the firft thing they do with the child, is to daub it all over with cow-dung ; then they lay it before the fire, or in the fun, till the dung is dried ; after which they rub it . ff, and wafh the child with the juice of certain herbs, laying it in the fun, or before the fire again, till the li- quor IS dried in, after which they anoint the child from he?d to foot with butter, or flieeps fat melted, which is dried in as thejuice was : and this cuftoni of anoint- ing their bodies with fat, they retain afterwards as long as they live. After the child has been thus finearcd and greafed, the mother gives it what name flic thinks proper, which is ufually the name of fome wild heait, or domeftic animal. When the woman is well again, and able to leave her hut, flic rubs herfelf all over with cow-dung ; and this filthy daubing is by thefe delicate people termed a purification. Being thus delightfully perfumed, and elegantly decorated with flieep's guts, the is permitted to go abroad, or to fee company at home. If the woman has fvins, and they are girls, the man propofes it to the kraal, that he may expofe one of them, either upon pretence of poverty, or that his w ifc has not milk for them both ; and this they ufually in- dulge one another in ; they do the fame when they have a boy or girl ; but always preferve the boys, though they happen to have two at a birth. The expofed child is carried to a diftancc from the kraal ; and if they can find a cave or hole in the earth, that fome wild beaft has made, they put the child alive into it ; and then having flopped up the mouth of the den with flones or earth, leave it there to flarve : if they cannot meet fuch a cavity, they tie the infant to the lower bough of a tree, or leave it in fome thicket of buflics, where it is frequently deftroyed by w ild beafls. They do not deal thus, however, as has been obferved, by i.heir male children: on the birth of a boy, they kil'i a bullock ; and if they have twins, two bullocks ; and make an entertainment for all the neighbourhood, v ho congratulate the parents on their good fortune ; and, as with us, the greateft rejoicings are on the birth of the firlV fon. The males, at about ten years of age, are always deprived of their left teflicle ; the operation is per ■ formed with a dexterity that would furprize an Euro- pean furgcon, and bad confcqucnces are leldom or ne- ver known to cnfue. A ftieep is killed, and great re- joicings are made upon theoccalion ; but it is to be ob- ferved, that the men devour all the meat, and allow the women nothing but the broth. The reafon of this abfurd cuftom of mutilating their male youth is un- known : fome of the Hottentots fay, it is to make them run fwift ; but the greateft part of thefe people give their general reafon, which they ufe Uixin all occafions, when they are unable to account for any of their abfurd practices ; namely. That it is the i-lottentot cuftom ; a J has been practifed by their anccflors time imme- morial. At the age of eighteen, the male Hottentots, being deemed men, are admitted into male focicty : the men of the village (if it may be fo called) fquat down, and form a circle, as is ufiial upon moft public occa- fions, the youth fquats down w ithout the circle, at fome diftance. The oldeft man of t\.s kraal then rifes from the circle, and, having obtained the general confent for the admifTion of a new member, he goes to the youth, acquaints him with the determination of the men of the kraal, and concludes his harangue with fome vcrfcs, which admonifh him to behave like a man for the fu- ture. The youth being then daubed w ith foot and fat, and well fprinkled with urine, is congratulated by the company in general in a kind of chorus, which contains the following willies : that good fortune may attend him, that he may live long, and thrive daily; that he may fiion have a beard, and many children; till it is univcrl;illy allowed he is a ufeful man to the nation. A feart concludes the ceremony ; but the youth himfelf is not permitted to participate of any part thereof till all the reft are ferved. 1 laving been thus admitted into male fociety, it is expected th«t he Ihould behave ill to 2 C , women m ri*M*Ata^^^ 102 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. m m U 'JA 'm women in general, and to his mother in particular, in order to evince his contempt of every thing feminine. Indeed it is ufual for a youth as foon as admitted, to go to his mother's hut, and cudgel her heartily, for which he is highly applauded by the whole kraal j and even the ful^ring parent hcrfelf admires him for his fpirit, and protclls that the blows do not give her fo much pain, as the thoughts of having brought fuch a mcttle- ibme fon into the world afford her plcafurc. The more ill treatment he gives his mother, the more eftccm he obtains ; and every time he ftrikes her flic is in the highcft raptures, and thanks providence for having blcifed her w ith fuch a fpirited child. So cgregioudy will cuftom counterad the very dictates of nature, and impofe upon the underftanding of the ignorant. It r.iay be proper nowto fay fomer.hingof thofc ofliccrs aniongft them, which the Europeans generally deno- minate their pricfts. Thcfe perfons are called furri or maftcr, and are elected by every kraal : they are the men who perform the ceremony of making water at their weddings, and other feftivals ; the furri a!fo is the pcrfon who extrads the left tefticlc from the youQg males at eight years of age; for all which he has no ftatcd revenue, but a prefent now and then of a calf or a lamb, and makes one at all their entertainments. Every kraal alfo has its phydcian, as well as its jirieft, who are perfons that have fome fkill in ph\lic and fur- gery, and particularly in the virtues of falutary herbs : theic alfo arc chofen by a majority of voices, and make it their bulinefs to look after the people's health : but have no other reward neither for their pains, than ■voluntary prefents. And fuch is the opinion of the Hottentots of thcfe phyficians, that, if they cannotciTed a cure, they conclude they are certainly bewitched ; as the doctor hinifelf alfo never fails to give out: where- upon application is made to fome pretended conjurer for relief; and if the patient happens to recover, it gives the cunning man, as we call him, a mighty reputation. The phylii ian and furgeon, as has been hinted, is the fame pcrfon; and though thcfe gentlemen fcarce evtr faw a body diflccted, it is faid, they have pretty good notions of anatomy : they cup, bleed, make amputa- tions, and retlore dillocatcd limbs, with great dexteri- tv : cholicks and pains in the floniach ttiey relieve by cupping. Their cup is an horn of an ox, the edges cut very fmooth : the doctor, having fucked the part where the pain lies, claps on the cup ; and, after it has re- mained fome time, till he thinks the part is infenlible, he pulls olf the horn-cup, and makes two or three in- cifions, half an inch in length, with a common knife, ha\ ing no other inrtrument: after which, he applies the cup again, whicri fails off when it is full of blood, but the patient, it is faid, fullers great pain in the operation. If the pain removes to another part, they rub it with hot fat ; and, if that does not cafe the pain, tliey life the cup again on the part laft afl(;Cted; and, if the fecond cupping does not relieve the p.itient, they give him in- w.ud iiK-dicines, being infufions or powders of certain dried roots and herbs. They let blood in plethories and mdifpolitions of that kind, having no other inflru- nientthana common knife ; and, if bleeding will not ctfecl the cure, they give the patiert phyfic. Tor hcad- achs, which they are pu tty much fubject to in calm weather, they fliave thei heads in furrows, as they do when they are in mour.iing ; but a brilk gale of wind uliially carries off the head-ach, without any other ap- plication; and this they do not often want at the cape. They feldoiii make ar y other amputations, than of the lingers of fuch women as marry .1 fecond time, or oitner: and, in this c .fe, they bind the joint below that which is to be cut off very tight, with a dried fincw, and then cut olf th'. joint at once with a knife, (lop- ping the blood with the juice of myrrh-leaves ; after which, they wrap i p the linger in fome healing herbs, and never any pan of the finger receives any hurt be- yond the amputation. They have little or no Ikill in fctting fiacUired limbs ; but are pretty dexterous at re- lloriiigofdillocations. 'Ihe I lottentot phyfician, in cafe he meets with a foul flomach, gives the juice of aloe leaves; and, if oncdofc will not do, repeats it two or three days ; and, for any inward ail, they give chiefly the powders, or infulions ot wild fage, wild figs and fig leaves, buchu, garlic ot fennel : but, whatever the difeafe be, it fceras the pa- tient never fails to facrificc a bullock, or a (hecp, upon his recovery. The Hottentots arc exceedingly fupcrf^itious, and fond of divination. In order to know the fate of a lick perfon, they flay a fheep alive ; after having its fkin in- tirely taken off, if the poor animal is able to get up and run away, it is deemed a propitious omen ; but, on the contrary, if the excruciating pain kills it, they imagine that the patient will certainly die, and accordingly gi\c him up intirely to nature, without taking any further care of him. Whatever they believe of departed fouls, they havi- no notion either of heaven or hell, or of a Itate of re- wards or punifhments ; this is evident from the lu-- hayiourof^a dying Hottentot, and thofe about hiiii; neither he nor his friends offer up any prayers to iluir gods for the falvation of his foul ; or even mention i!;c ftatc of departed fouls, or their apprehenlions of h.~. being happy or mifemble after death: however, thi., fet up terrible bowlings and fliriekings, when the (i. k I man is in his laft .ngonics ; and yet thcfe very prop!,' are frequently guilty of murdering their .intient paruus as well as their innocent children ; for when the fatlurn! a family, is become pcrfedly ufclcfs and fuperannuatcd he is obliged to alTign over his flock of c.ittlc, and every thing elfe he has in the world, to his ddell fon ; and iii default offons, to his next heir male: after which, the heir ereOls a tent or hut in fome unfrequented place, a good diflance from the kr.ial or camp he belongs to; and, haying affembled the men of the kraal, acquaints them with the condition of his fuperannuatcd relation, and defires their confcnt to expofe him in the dilhiiit hue ; to which the kraal fcarce ever refufe their confcnt. Whcreu[)on a day being appointed to carry the old iii.in to the folitary tent, the ntir kills an ox, and two or thnc flicep, and invites the whole vilKige to fealt and Ic merry with him; and at the end of the entertainnun;, all the neighbourhood come and take a fomial leave ot the old wretch, thus condemned to be (tarvcd or de- voured by wild beaOs: then the unfortunate creature i, laid upon one of their carriage oxen, and carried to \\.< lall home, attended to the place, w here he is to be biir.td alive bv molt of his neighbours. The old man bcm:; taken down, and fet in the middle of the hut provid( J for him, the company return to their kraal, and 1\ never fees the fiicc of a human creature afterwards ; ih( y never fo much as enquire whether he was (tarvcd m death, or devoured by wild beads: heisnomore thoiij;h: of, than if he had never been. In the fame manner they deal with a fuperannuatcd mother; only as flic h.i nothing flie can call her own, (lie has not the trouble o: affigning her effedts to her fon. Whenever the Hotte:',- tots are upbraided with this unparallelled piece of li:ir- barity, they reply, it would be a much greater ciiu!;. to fuffer an old creature to languilli out a mifcrable hk, and to be many years a dying, than to make this ^\u[ I difpatch with them ; and that it is out of their cxtren\ tendernefs they put an end to the lives of thcfe iLi wretches; all the arguments in the world againit th inhumanity of the cuftom, can make no impiciii(:: on them : and, indeed, as long as the Dutch have ic- fided at the cajie, they have not been able to break thf .n of one fingle cuftom, or prevail with them to alter an, part of their conduiit, how barbarous or abfurd l'oc\ei and, itfeems, the captain of a kraal is not exempt^ from feeing his funeral folcmniled in this manner, while he is alive, if he happens to become ufilefs. And ihi- leads us to treat of fiich funerals as arc Iblemnized alter theperlbn is really dead. The fick man, having reflgncd his breath, is im- mediately bundled up, neck anil heels together, in hi^ flieep-fkm mantle, exceeding clofe, fo that no part 01 the corpfc appears : then the captain of the kraal wit'i fome of the leniors, fearch the neighbouring conntr, for fome cavity in a rock, or the den of a wild biiilf, to bury it in, never digging a grave, if they can finJ one T E. cook's first VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the World. 103 e days ; and, for any wdcrs, or infulions of es, buchu, gariic ot be, it fccms the pa- 3ck, or a fticcp, upon 1y funerftitious, and now tnc fate of a lick cr having its (kin in- I is able to get up and js omen ; but, on the {ills it, they imagine and accordingly give ut taking any further rtcd fouls, they hav\' , or of a ftate of rc- :vidcnt from the be- nd thofe about him ; any prayers to their or even mention i!;.- apprelicnlions of hib loath : however, the. , ckings, when the li. k yet thefe very people ; their antic-nt pareius, , for v\ hen the father ol cfs and fuperannuateJ ek of cattle, and every his ddert fon ; and in nale: after v^hich, tic unfrequented plaee, ,1 r camp he heloiigs; t .; Df the kraal, acquai-.; iipcrannuatcd rclaticn, lofe him in the dill.i;.: er refufe their confe;;:, ;d to carry the old iii 1 an ox, and two or thi illage to feall and ' of the cntertainnun , take a formal leave i , 1 to be ftarvcd or de- unfortunate creaturt ^ •xen, and carried to h < here he i» to be bur ui The old tnan he)"; le of the hut provided to their kraal, ami !\ caturc afterwards; thu thcr he was ftarved m hois no more thonuh: In the fame maniuT iiothcr; only as (lie h.i e has not the troidiK n Whenever the Ilotti:',- larallellcd piece of b:\r- I nuu h greater < riii 1;. fli out a mifcrablelii , han to make this qui • is out of their cxtren\ the lives of thcfe ivt the world againlV th II make no impreiiir- as the Dutch have u- x-eri able to break rhc'.i with them to alter y^, irous or abfurd foesei kraal is not exempr. i din this manner, \vlii!' jme ufelefs. And dn- as arc folcmnizcd alter cd his breath, is im- d heels together, in hi: lofc, fo that no part 0* iptain of the kraal vm!i neighbouring countrj he den of a wildbtalt, grave, if they can finJ out ••.^ oneofthefe within a moderate diftance. After which, the whole kraal, men and women, prepare to attend the corpfc, feldom permitting it to remain above ground more than fix hours. When all things are ready, all the neighbourhood afTemble before the door of the de- ceafed, the men fitting down on their heels in one circle, and rcfting their elbows on their knees (their ufual pofture) as the women do in another: here they clap their hands, and howl, crying, Bo, bo, bo! (i. e. father) lamenting their lofs. The corpfe being then brought out on that fide the tent, where the perfon died, and not at the door, the bearers carry him in their arms to the grave, the men and women follow it in different parties, but without any manner of order, crying all the way, Bo, bo, bo 1 and wringing their hands, and performing a thoufand ridiculous gefturts and grimaces, which is frequently the fubjedt of the Dutchmen's mirth i it being impofiible, it is faid, to forbear laughing at the antic tricks they ftiew on fuch an occalion. Having put the corpfe into the cavity prepared for it, they (Top up the mouth of it with ant hills, (tones, and pieces of wood, believing the ants will feed on the corpfe, and loon confume it. The grave being flopped up, the men and women rendezvous a{;ain before the tent of the dcceafcd, where they repeat their howlinj';, and frequently call upon the name of their dcparteil friend: after which two of the oldcft men get up ; and one of them going into the circle «)f the men, and the other into the circle of the women, urine upon every one of the company ; and, v\herc the kraals are fo very large, that two cannot find v\ater enough for this ceremony, they double or treble the number. Then t!ie old men go into the tent of (he deccifed ; and, having taken up fomc afhes from the fire-place, they fprinkle them uf)on the bodies of the people, blclling them as they go : and, if the de- i cafed was a perfon of diftindion, this is acfled over again fcveral days. But we (hould have remembered, tliat the ceremony always concludes with an entcrtain- )iicnt. ifthedeccTfed had any cattle, afheep is killed on the occafion; and the caul being powdered with buchu, is lieu about th<; heir's neck, who is forced to wear it v '.uio it rots off, which is no great penance, all Ihnks Jcing perfumes to.? Hottentot. All the relations alio wear the '.auls of fiiccp about their necks; which it Items i& tiicir mournin >, i.nlcfs the children of the deccafcd are fo poor, that they rnnnot kdl a fliccp ; and then they fhavc their heads in fuirows of about an inch broad, lea lie hair on of the fame breadth betv^ecn every I It is not an eal^ , ur d. come ai a Hottentot's re- ligious notions; he IS fparmgofhis wont'^ and laconic in his anfwers upon all ociai' but v hen religious topics arc introduced, he generally ■ or.< eals his ft ni. li.etus in iilence. Some on this acci .nt havcdouial whether the Hottentots have any religion at all : but tlu- mofi intelligent among the Dutcli at the cape jwfitiveK alhrm. rhai :hcy believe in a Supreme Being, whom they Ihle (iounya Tequoa, or God of gods, and latKyth.ii his place of reiidence is beyond the moon, i ey allow that Gounya Taquoa ia a humane benevolent being, yet they have no motleof worfhipping hina ; for which ttiev give this reafon, " That he curfed their firl> parcnt> t having greatly otfemkd him, on which account th pofU-rityhave never from that time paid himadnt ,.' They believe that the moon is an inferior vifil'v god, and the reprefentative of the high and invifible : thatftie has the direction of the weather; and therefore they pray to her when it is unfeafonablc. They never fail to aflemble and worfliip this planet at the new and full moon, let the weather be" never fo bad ; and though they didoit their bodies, grin and put on very frightful looks, crying .ind howling in a terrible manner, yet they have fome cxpicflions that fhcw their veneration and dcpendance on this inferior deity ; as, • Mutfchi Atze, I fakitc you ; you are welcome : Cheraqua kaka chori Ounqua, grant us pallure for our cattle and plenty of milk.' 'Ihcfe and other prayers to the moon they re- ))eat, frequently dancing and clapping their hands all tile while ; and, at the end of every dance, crying, Ho, ho, ho, ho! raifingand falling their voices, and ufing abundance of odd geftures, that appear ridiculous to European fjpedtators ; and which no doubt, made them at fird, before they knew any thing of their language, conclude, that this could not be the efledl of devotion, efpccially w hen the people themfelves told them, it was not an aft of religion, but only intended for their diver- fion. They continue thus fhouting. finging and dan- cing, with proft rations on the earth, the whole night, andcven part of the next day, w ith fome fhort inter- vals, never refting, unlefs they arc quite fpent with the violence of the action ; and then they fquat down upon their heels, holding their heads between their hands, and refling their elbows on their knees ; and, after a little time, they ftart up again, and falling to finging and dancing in a circle as before, with all their might. The Hottentots alfo adore a fly about i;he bigncfs of a hornet, called by fome the gold beetle : whenever they fee this infed: approach their kraal, they all afTemble about it, and fing and dance round it while it remains there, firewing over it the powder of buchu, by bota- nifls called fpiraeam ; which when it is dried and pul- verized, they always powder themfelves with it at Icfii- vals. They ftrew the fame powder alfo over the tops of their tents, and over the whole area of the kraal, as a teftimony of their veneration for the adored fly. They facrifice alfo two flieep as a thankfgiving for the favour fhewn their kraal, believing they fliall certainly profper after fuch a vifit : and, if this infedl happens to light upon a tent, they look upon the owner of it for the future as a faint, and pay him more than ufual refpeft. The bcft ox of the kraal alfo is immediately facriticed, to teff ify their gratitude to the little winged deity, and to honour the faint he has been pleafed thus to diftinguifh : to whom the entrails of the bcafl, the choiced morfel in their opinion, with the fat and the caul is prefentcd ; and the caul being twirtetl like a rope, the faint ever after wears it liki. i collar about his neck day and night, till it putrilic< ,, ' '•ots off; and the faint only feafis upon the entra . ot me bcaft, while the reft of the kraal feed upon tl joints, that are not in fo high efteem among them: \'. the fat of the facrifice alfo the faint anoints his bo ' (im time to hts upon a time, till it is all fpent ; and, if the H> woman flie is no lefs reverenced by the neighbourhood, and entitled to the like privileges. It is fcarcc poilible to exprefs the agonies the Hottentots are in, if any Eu- ropean attempts to take or kill one of thefc infcdts, as the Dutch will fometimcsfecin to attempt, toputthetp in ;i iVight : they will beg and pray, a-l fall proftrate in i\e ground, to procure the libcny ot 'is little crca- uirc, if it falls into a Dutchman's hands ; they are on fuch an occilion, in no lefs conftcrnation than the In- dians near fort St. George, v^'hen the kite, with a white head, which they worlhip, is in danger. If a fol- (lier takes one of thei'c alive, and threatens towringthc neck of it oft", the Indians will gather in crowds about him, and immediately colled the value of a fliilling or two, to purchafe the liberty of the captive bird they adore. But to return to the Hottentots : they imagine if this little deity fhould be killed, all the cattle would die of difeafes, or be deftroycd by wild beafts; and they themfelves ihould be the moft miferable of men, and look upon that kraal to be doomed to fome immi- nent misfortune, where this animal feldom appears. The Hollanders have fent fcveral reverend divines to the cape as miffionaries, who have fparcd no pains to bring the Hottentots olf from their idolatry, and induce them to embrace Chriftianity ; even their '■nvetoufncfs and ambition have been applied to, and ; , :>nl re- wards oftered them, on condition of their jeing in- ftrudcd in the principles of Chriftianity. But no mo- tives whatever, w hether thofe relating to this or another ftatc, have yet been able to make the leaft imprefiion on any one of them: they hold faft and hug their ancient fupcrftitions, and will hear of no other religion. The reafon that they neither imitate the Europeans in their building, planting or cloathing, is becaufc they ima- gine themfelves to be religioufiy obliged to follow the cuftoms of their anceftors; and that, if they fltould deviate from them inthc Icaftof thefc matters, it might iitake 104 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ■ W ■m '•''!i| it? make way for a total change of their religion and man- ners, which they cannot think of without abhorrence. One of the Dutch governors at the cape bred up an Hottentot from his infancy, obliging him to follow the falhioiis and curtoms of the Europeins, to be taught fcveral languages, and to be fully inftrudlcd in the prin- ciples of the Chriftian religion, cloathing him hand- foniely, and treating him, in all rcfpeiits, as a perfon for whoin he had a high cftccm ; and let him Know, that he defigned him forfome beneficial and honourable employment. The governor afterwards fcnt him a voyage to Batavia, where he was employed, under the commilfary his friend, for fome time, till that gen- tleman died; and then he returned to the cape of Good Hope; but, having paid a vilit to the Hottentots of his relations and acquaintance, he threw oft" all his fine cloaths, bundled them up, and laid them at the gover- nor's feet, and delired he would give him leave to re- nounce hs Chriftianity, and live and die in the religion and cuftc ms of his ancertors ; only begged the governor would gis " him leave to keep the hanger and collar he wore for his *hke ; which while the governor was deli- berating with himfelf upon, fcarce believing the fellow to he in earneft, the young Hottentot took the oppor- tunity of running away, and never came near the cape afterwards, thinking himfelf extremely happy that he had exchanged his Kuropean cloaths for a (lieep fkin and the red of the Hottentots drjfs and ornaments : the I'.nglifti I''.a(l India company, w*- are informed, made the like experiment, bringing ove two of that nation hither, whom they cloathcd decently after the Euro- pean manner, and ufed them, in all refpe(;ts, with the greattrt goodn(fs and gentlencfs, hoping, by that means, to be better informed of the condition of their country, and whether it might be worth the while to make a fettlemcnt there : but the two Hottentots only learnt Hnglilh enough to bewail their misfortune inbe- ing brought from their country and their friends; and, after two years trial of iheni, being again fet on fliore at the cape, they inmKdiately ftripped off their Kuro- pc.m cloaths, and, having taken up the (lieepfkin man- tle again, rejoiced beyond incafure lor their happy ef- cape from the Knglifli. The p'X»r Hottentots fometimes employ t'icmfelvcs in making arms, viz. bows and arrows, lances and darts, bartering them with the rich for cattle, to begin tlie worlil with: others get elejihants teeth, and what the) ilo not ufc in making rings and ornaments for ^liemfeUes, arc generally dif}H)fi;d of, it is thought, to the Portiiguel'e and other Europeans, who touch at Tcrr.i de Natal, and other parts of the eartcrn or wef- teriKd.ilh ThcHottcntotsfi.il very leu teeth to the Diiti h ; though it is manifeU they kill abundance of elephants: they fupply the HDllanders hov>everwith lattle, and take wine, brandy or tobacco, in rctm'n ; and an ox mav be purchafed of' them for a pound of to- b.ui o, and a large llieep lor half a pound. As to coin, tlic reader \m1I coni 'udc they ha\e none; nor do they c\cr fee an' , unlefs li)iiie fmall pieces of money the Diitili loiiKMMies give them for their wages at the capo . and it mufl not be forgot, that the Hottentots and abund.uue of ollrieli's eg;;.', in the fand, which thty barter with the fta-taring men, that touch at the i;a|)e, f()r orandy and tobacco; every lailor alinol) be- mg proud of bringing home one of thefe egg Hulls to his friends, after he nas fried and eaten ihc yolk, which makes a large pancake, and is pretty good food, but ra- ther of the Urongell. Their butchers arc faid to be great artiflsin their way, and to handle a knife as dexterout- is an aiiatomift : having tied the hind and i()rc legs of .i ilieep, ihpy throw the creature on his back, and with dtnls, tno of them extend it to its lull llretch, while a ird rips it up; fo that all the entrails ajjpear : then, with one hand, he tears the guts from the carcafe.ani, with the other, llirs the bl(K)d, avoidnig as much as In can the breaking an. of the blood-\c11el„ about the heart; lo th:u the fheei) is a long time a dying: iirthe mean time he gives the f'Mts to another, who Jiill mis tlicm of t!ic tilth, an>! nnccs them in water, and part oi' them arc broiled and eaten amongll them, before the fliccp is well dead : having fcooped the blood out of the body of the animal with their hands or fea fliells, they cut the reft of the guts in fmall pieces, and ftew them in the blood, which IS the Hottentots favourite difh. An ox alio is killed in the fame barbarous manner ; being thrown upon his back, and his legs extended with cords, he is ripped up, and his guts taken out firft ; in which cruel opera- tion the beaft is half an hour a dying: they fcparate the parts with great cxadnefs, dividing the flefli, the bones, the membranes, mufclcs, veins, and arteries, and laying them in fcveral parcels every thing entire. The bones alfo are taken out of the flefh, and laid together in fuch order, that they might be calily formed into an cxacl fkeleton: thefe they boil by themfelvcs, and get the marrow out of them, with which they anoint their bodies. Of the fhccp fkin, as has been obferved already, they make a mantle, if it be large ; but, if it is fmall, they cut it into thongs, to adorn their wo- mtn's legs : and the hide of an ox ferves either to cover their tents, or to make girts and ftraps of, with which they bind their baggage on their carriage oxen when they decamp ; and, if they have no other ufc for their ox-hides, they lay them by, and eat thcin when they want other food. They have ai^other artificer, who is both felmonger andtaylor: that is, he dreffes Ikiris after their w:u, and then makes them into mantles : he iakes a fliecp (kin juft Hayed off, and, rubbmp •; well with fat, the (k\r> t)ecomcs tough and fmooth ; and, if it be for one of his countrymen, he rubs it over alfo with frclh ce them into the heads of lances, darts, arrows, and bows, and fuch weapons as they ufc ; for they fcarce ever form any other utenfils, but arms of this mct.il : they get the hardeft fiat Hone, according to monliciir Vogel, and, laying the iron upon it, as upon an anvil, beat It with another round ftone, which ferves them for a hammer; then they grind it ujwn the Hat Hone, and polilli it as nicely as any European artificer could do w ith all his tools ; they have fome copjjcr ore too, which they melt in like manner; but they make only toys and ornaments for their drefs of this metal : nor, indeed, do they ever work in iron, but when they w.int weapons. They would never labour, if their necefliiicj did not fometimes compel them to it: but, when they do, no people work harder, or more indefatigably ; for they never leave a piece of work, till they have finifhed it. The ivory-turner makes the ivory rings that arc worn ornamentally about the arms ; and conlidering that hi» only tool is a common clafp knife, which he pro- cures from the Dutch, the workmanfliip has great merit. I he potter or maker of earthen vcircls is another ;irt ; hut this, it feems, they arc all dexterous at, eve-rv family makmg the pots and pans they wajit. Tor tiiell' , 'hey COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE*-ffar making Difco'tierlej in the Soutf) Seas Sc Round th; fTor/J. 105 ■fi ccp is well dead: 3ody of the animal cut the reft of the n the blood, which ,n ox alfo is killed eing thrown upon 1 cords, he is ripped which cruel opcra- iiig: they fcparate ding the flcfti, the IS, and arteries, and thing entire. The I, and laid together cafily formed into by themfclvcs, and I which they anoint IS has been obferved it be large j but, if , to adorn their \vo- ferves cither to cover traps of, with which • carriage oxen w hen io other ufc for their ;at them when they 10 is both fclmonprr i'lS after their way, es : he iakcs a Iheep ii well with fat, tlic and, if it be fur oi\i- r alfo with frelh cou- is dry : then he riih^ which he repeats fi-- iHy black, .;n.l ('.HrKs and then, witii ai ii'- onipkat mantle tor ;i for a Dutchman, I .• hicli fecurcs the ^^()l)l rcfs an ox's hide, lie cs ; then fprinkling it It a day or two in the bring oft" the hair; tched out, and dried athcr. their iron, but melt jf iron ftones in fc\e- having got a heap ot' the ground, heated hen they mal^«-" a lire with fuev^and keep it runs into aiiotlier er, a little lower tliaii receiver is cold tluy J, heating the pieces with ftones, till the/ cs, darts, arrows, and life ; for they fcarcc arms of this mctii : ording to monlieur it, as upon an anvil, which ferves them upon the flat ftone, ropean artificer could fome cop|)cr ore too, but they make only fs of this metal : n>>r, but when they w .int our, if their ncceniiiLi to it: but, when tlicy more indelatig-ably ; work, till they have sry rings that are worn and conlidcring that knife, which he pro- rkmanfliip has great hen vcftels is another all dexterous at, evi-ry ihcy want. Tor tlidc they they ufc only the earth of ant-hills, clearing them of all fand and gravel ; after which, they work it together with the bruiled ant eggs, that are faid to conftitute an extraordinary cement. When they have moulded thefc materials into a kind of parte, they take as much of them as will make one of their pots, and fafliion it by hand upon a flat ftone, inaking it of tl}c form of a Ro- man urn ; thert they fmooth it within and without very carefully, not leaving the leaft roughnefs upon the fui- tace ; and, having dried it in the fun two or three days, they put the pot into a hole in the ground, and burn it, bv making a lire over it ; and, when they take it out, it appears perfectly black : every family alfo make their Own mats, with which they cover their tents or huts; but this is chiefly the bulinefs of the women : they ga- ther the flags and rulhes by the river fide, or weave or plat them into mats fo clofcly, it is faid, that neither the weathcrorliglitcan penetrate them. The laft artificer we ftiall mention is the rope -maker, who has no better materials, thin fuch Hags and ruflies as the mats arc made of; and yet ihcy appear almoft as ftrong asthofe made of hemp : the Dutch, at the cape, buy and ufe them in ploughing, and in draught car- riages. As to the way of travellino; hero, the natives all travel on foot, except the aped and infini und thefe are carried on their baggage oxen. As tin re aie no inns or places for retrefhment, the travelhu;-; Hottentot calls at tile kraals in his way, ^\h' wc difcovcred the town. The fides of it arc as naked as the cliffs next the fca; but the bottom is flightly cloathcd with her- bage. In its prefent cultivated ftace, fuch appeared the ifland to us ; and the firfV hills mufl be paffcd, before the country difplays its verdure, or any other niarks of fertility. In Chapcl-valley, a little beyond the landing place, is a fort where tlie governor reiides with the garrifon ; and the town f^ands jufl^ by the fea-iide. The greatci part of the houfes arc ill built. The church, which was originally a mean ftrudurc, is in ruins j and the market-place nearly in the fame condition. The town conlifls of about forty or fifty buildings, conflmCfcd after the Englifli falliion, whiihcr the people of the ifland refort when any (hipping ap|Tears, as well to aflifl in the defence of the ifland. as to entertain the fcamcn if they are friends : for the governor has always fentinels, on the highcft part of the ifland, to the wind- ward, who give notice of the approach of all (hipping, and guns are thereupon fired, that every man may re- fort to his poft. It is impollible for an enemy to ap- proach by ica in the night time, and if difcovcred the day before, preparations arc fpeedil)' made for his rc- '■cption. N'otw ithftanding the ifland appears a barren rock on cv .-ry fide, yet on the top it is covered with a fine layer earth, producing grain, fruits, and herbs of various 1 nds ; and the country after we afccnded the rock, is ivcrlificd with rifing hills and plains, plant.-iiions of ruit trees and kitchen gardens, among which the houfes of the natives are interfperfed, and in the open fields are herds of cattle grazing, fome of which are fatttd to fupply the fliipping, and the reft furnilli the ilairics «- with milfc, butter, and chi:?efe. Hogs, goats, t,url;t\s, and all manncrof poultry alfo abound, and the Teas arc well ftored with fiih. But amidft all this afHuencc, tin- people have neither bread nor wio'e of thcirown f^rouili ; for though the foil is proper (or wheat, yet the r.us that harbour in the rocks, and cannot be deflrou,!, eat up all the feed, before the grain is well out oi'ilii: ground ; and though their vines flourifli and prodiv c them grapes enouch, yet the latitude is too hot for making wine. This they have therefore from the Canaries, the Madeiras, or the Cape, as well as their flour and malt. Thtir very houfes arc fome of them brought from Europe ready framed, there being v:i, timber on the ifland, trees not taking deep root Inn; on account 6f the rock that lies fo near the furfnu': however, they have underwood enougli for ncccfliuy. ufcs. Befides grapes, they have plantains, bananas, li,,'.i, lemons, and fiich other fruits as hot countries ufually produce, 'i'hey alfo raifc kidney beans, and (in; e. other kinds of pulfe in their gardens; and the wan: of bread they fup])ly w ith potatoes and yams. In the year 1701, there were upon the ifland abniit two hundred families, molt of them Englifli, or dc- fccndcd from Englifli parents. Every family has a houfe and plantation on the higher part of the illaini, where diey look after their cattle, fruits, and kitcluu garden. They fc.irce ever come down to the town, unlefs it be to church, or when the (hipping arrive-;, when moft of the houfes in the valley are converted iiiti) punch-hoiifes, or lodgings for their guefls, to whom they fell their poultry, and oilier comnoditics ; but they are not fufleicd to purchafc any merchaiidi/.c lA' the fliijjs that touch here. Whatever tlicy want of foreign growth or manuliioturc, they are obliged to Iniy at the company's waichoufe, where twice every monili, they may furnifh themfclves with brandy, Eui<)p;.,;j or Cape wines, B.-itavia arrack, malt, beer, liigar, ta, colTee, china, and japan-ware, linen, calicoes, chiiit,', munins, ribbands, woollcn-cloth and flufls, and :.!! manner of doathing, for which tlicy arc allowed liv months credit. Among the very few native prodm- tions of this ifland mufl be reckoned ebony, though tl;; trees arc now nearly extinct. Pieces of this wood arc ficquentty found in the valleys of a fine !?!ack coin: ;, and a hardnels alinoft equal to iron ; thcfc pieces, h()\ - ever, are fo Ihort and ciooktd, that no ufe can Ik nn ; • of them. There are few infects here, but upon the ti; > of the higheft ridges a fpccies of fiiail is found, whui ha« probably been there fince the original cR-itioii o. their kind. It is indeed very diilicult to conceive him any thing not formed here, or brought hither by tli: diligenie of man, (ould finil its way to a pla. c lii fevered from the relt of the world, by leas of immciiic extent. The Portuguefe, who difcovcred, this ifland in i vo:, florcd it with hogs, goats, and poultry, and ulld to touch at it for water and frefli provilions in tluir r.- turn from India ; but we do not find they evcrplaiitui a colony here; or, if they diil, having defejted it uliu;- wards, the Englilh Eaft India Company took pofllili'ii of the ifland A. D. 1600, anil held it till i<)7j, witiiout interruption, when the Dutch t probability of fuccefs. The aflairs of the Eafl-India Company are maivigovl here by a governor, deputy-governor, and Iforcluui.- kecpcr, who have certain fettled falar'cs allowed. In- lides a public table, \vell furnilhed, to which all co •. - manJc: , ..^i§ E. COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE — f&r making l>ifcovcries in the South Seas & Round the JVorld. 107 Hogs, goats, t,iirkc) s, iiind, ami the feas arc : all this alllmncc, tlif c of thcirovvn f!;ro'.vih ; r wheat, yet the r.us cannot be de.lioinl, ;rain is wtll out of'iht: flourifli and produ' c titudc is too hot tor : therefore from the !;apc, as well as their fcs arc fome of tliun mcd, there being i;.) taking deep root hi re fo near the furfai r: enough for ncccfliiiy. antains, bananas, [\>; ;, in i thck' pieces, hov - it no ufccan Ix; 111.1 ;• :rc, but upon the tc; , fnail is found, whii 1 ; original creation of licult to conceive iiov ■ought hither bv til- ts way to a pia- c fn J, by leas of iinnieiiic dthis ifland in i co:, poultry, and ufcd to }rovilkms in their i>- find they cvcrplantul ving defcj'ted it afki.- mpany took pofllili'U d it till i<>7j, witiiout i. it by furprize. IId,. - ly C apt. Mundeii, 10- ; of a year, ami took at lay in the ro.id it lad mrtiticd the l.iiu!- af great guns to piv- jcing acquainted \\k!i icn could go abrta:!, :ks in the night tiiu'', ic backs of the Diitih, funcndercd the iliaii.l e have i)eforeobfei \ 1. .', 1 fo that there is \w\> ,kc a dcfccnt with any ilompany arc inan.ii^;-'vi .•rnor, and Horchoul.- falar'es allowed, bi- cd, to which all ^ ■• - inanJi.': , Ihiiitders, irtalteri of Jhips, and eminent piiflcngers arc [welcome. The natives fometimes call the refuk ot [their deliberations fcvere impofitions ; unA though r&- Ilief might perhaps be had from the com|>any in EngJ (land, )'ct the unavoidable delays in r(?turning anfwers io addrelFes at that diftancc juits the aggrieved under [great hardfliips; and on the other hand, was not the Ifituation of this idaiid very fcrviccable to our homc- [ward-boum.1 tift-Indiafliips, the conftant trouble and Icxpence would induce the company to abandon the lifland ; for though it is furnillicd « ith the conveniencics [of life, the merchants find no other profitable coni- [inoditics there. The mafters of the plantations keep a great maijy blacks, who, upon fcvere treatment, hide thcmfehes for two or three inpnthS' together, keeping among the rocks by day, and roving at night for pioviiions : but they are generally difcovered and [taken. The children and defcendants «f white people have I not the lead red in their cheeks, in all other places 'near the tropics; but the natives of .St. Helena are re- imarkablc for thcii ruddy complexions and robuft con- ftitutions. Their heslthfiilnefs may, in general, be ; afcribod to the following caufes. They live on the top i of a mountain always open to the fea breezes that con- iflantly blow here: they are ufually employed in the 1 moft Iiealthful exercifes of gardening and hiifbandry ; ' the ifland is frequently refreilied with moderate cooling Oiowers ; and no noxious fens, nor fait marlhcs annoy : thcni. They arc ufcd alfo to climb the llecp hill bc- ' twrcn the town in Chapel-valley and their plantation ; which hill is fo Ilcep, that, having a ladder in the middle of it, they call it Ladder-hill ; and this cannot be avoided w ithout going three or four miles about ; fo that they feldom want air or cxercife, the great- prc- .fcrvers of health. As to the genius and temper of thefc people, they feemed to us the moll hortcIV, the mod inolfenfivc, and the moll hofpitable people we ever met with of Ivnglilh extraifUon, havinj'; fcarceany tindurc of avarice or ambition. We ad^. d fome of them, if they had no curiofity to fee the red of the vorld, and how they could confine themfelves to fo fniall a fpot of earth, feparatcd at fuch adiHancc from the red of mankind ? '1 hey replied, that they enjoyed the ncceiraiies of life in great plenty: they were nei- ther parched with excellivc heat, or pinched with coUl : they lived in perfect fccurity ; in no danger of enemies, of robbers, wild beads, or rigorous feafons ; and were happy in the enjoyment of a continued date of health : that as there were no rich men among them (fcarce any planter being worth more than a thoufand dollars) io rhcie were no poor in the idand, no man being worth Ids than (bur hundred dollar;, and confequently not (ihliged to undergo more labour than was neccfliiry to keep him in health. Our thoughts were now enploycd on returning to our native diore ; and having fulliciently recruited our dorcs, on .Saturday the 4th of May, we weighed, and failed out of the road in comjiany w ith the I'ortland I'liii of war, and his convoy, confiding of twelve fail of l-.all Indiamcn. With this deet we continued our courfe for Fjigland until Friday the loth, when per- ceiving they out-failed us, and confequently might make their port belore us, Capt. Cook, for this realoit, made the iignal to fpeak with the Portland, upon which Capt. Klliot came on board the Endeavour; to whom a letter for the Adniiralti was delivered, w ith a box, con- taining the common log books of the ihip, ami the i journals of fome of the ollicers. We did not loofe light of the deet till Thurfday the 23d, when they parted from iis; and alwut one o'dock'in the adcrmwn, wc lod our lird lieutenant, Mr. Hicks, an active, fkilful, judicious, and ufcful oflicer. Hcilicd of a coiiiump- ti.m, of which lingering difordcr he difcovered fome fymptons when he led England ; fo that it may be tnily faid, that he was dying the whole voyage ; and his de- cline was very {.gradual till wc arrived at Hatavia, from whcncq to the time of his didbiution, the How con- fumin.fj difeafe gained drcngth daily. The whole lliip's company attemlcd the funeral rite.;, and in the evening wc committed his body to the fea with the ufiial cere- monies. The next day the Captaii^ appointed Mr. CharlesC lerk, a young man, to act in the room of Mr. Hicks. ' Wc now every day drew nearer our dcdrcd haven j but what mud be the condition of our once [;ood diip, the Endeavour, may eafily be imagined, fidin a dight rccollc(ftion of the hardlhips die hail fiirmounted, and the dangers (lie had providentiall;,' cfcapcd. At: this time our. rigging and lails were fo weather-beaten, that every (lay fomething was giving way. However, we held on our courfe, without any material occur- rence that might endanger our lafet}', till Monday the 10th of June, when, to our great joy, Nicholas '^ oung, the boy who fird difcovered New Zealand, called out land Iroin ihe mad head, which provctl to be the Li- zard. The next day, being Tuclila)-, the eleventh, we proceeded up the channel. On Wednefday the f 2th, with the pleating hopes of feeing our relatives and friends, exciting fenliitions not to be dtf ribcd by the pen of the molt able writer; wc paded Ditichy Head. At noon, to our iiuxpicnible joy wc were a-brcad of Dover; and ahoin three o'clock, P. M. wc came to an anchor in tlie Downs. When we landcil at Deal, our diip's company iiidiilr;'-d frecl/ that mirth, and foeiablc jollity, common toad Enoliih (iiilors upon their return from a long vowige-, who as readily (biget hardliiips anel dangers, as with alacrity and bravery they en- counter them. Wc caiUKJt cliife this bcok without joining in that general ceiifure, whieh has been judly bcdowed on Dr. Hawkefworth, the late compiler of a former account of this vijyageof the Endeavour. An infidel may imbibe what deidical chimeras may be bed adapted to the gloomy temper of his mind ; but we canneit but think him highly culpable in forcing them into a wciik of this kinel; for though it may be faid, that, with iclpciit to elticient and linal caufes, the opinion of a general and particular Providence will form one and the lame: conclulion, yet wc think it is of great comfort to all men, partitulaily tothofc who can trace the wonders of an almighty hand in the deep, to be fcniibleofa mtrciful interpofition, concerned, and ever aiit ;itivc to their dipport, prefcrvation, and deliverance in times of danger. Uefidts, this fcntinient of a di\ine agent fuperintcnding, anel concCling the diforders intri)ducccl by natural and moral evil, is, undoubtedlv, a d ripture- de)eilrine; and from the deductions of the mere light of nature, it mult appear unrealonablc to dippofc, that the firft Great Caufe who planned the whole granei fchcmc of creation, (houlel not be alloweei to interfere with refpccl to particular parts, or indivieluals, as oc- cadon, circiimdances, or times may require. And whoever h.as duly conddered the wonderful protce;tion of the Endeavour in cafes of danger the mod imminent, particularly when encircled, in the wide ocean, with rocks of coral, her dicathing beaten od", and her fallc- keel dor.ting by her dde, a hole in her bottom, and the men by turns lainting at the pumps, cannot but ac- knowledge the exidence of a Particular Providence. The hidory of Jofeph can only adord a more driking indancc of the interpodtion of a divine invifible hand. This our countrymen experienced ; and we have good authority to alFert, that our company in the Endea- vour do acknowledge, notwithdanding the private; opinion of the above mentioned compiler, that the hand of fuperior iiovcrwas particularly concerned in their protc-*.icn aoel deliverance. This oninifcient and omnipotent power it is the incumbent duty of every chriltian to believe, confide in, and adore. CAPT. ■4- 1 u: .'■ 'y \i Bpa Capt. COO K's SECOND VOYAGE TOWARDStHE South Pole and Round the World, UNDERTAKEN and PERFORMED By Order of his Prefent MAJESTY, In hisMajcfty's Ships theRefolution and Adventure; With the View principally of DifcoVcring the fuppofcd Southern Continent, &c# Begun the 9th of April 1772, and concluded on the 31ft of July 1775. Including an Account of Capt. Furne'aux's Narrative of his Proceedings in the Adventure after the Separation of the two Ships, during which Period fcvcral of his People wen; dertroycd by tli« Natives of Queen Charlotte's Sound. INTRODUCTION. Till-', king's cxpcdations were not wholly anfwcrcd by former diriovcries, which were fo highly blazon- cti botli at home and abroad, and therefore his majcrty jirojcctcd this Second Voyage of Capt. Cook, and the Navy-twiard was ordered to equip two fucli (hips as were moft fiiitabic to the fervice. Ac.-ordingly two vcflcls «( re purchafcd of Capt. William Hammond, ot Hull, being about fourteen or fixteen months old. They were both built at Whitby, by the fame pcrfon who bulk the Endeavour, The largcft of the two, named the Rel'olution, burthen four hundred and lixty- two tons, was fcnt to Dcptford to be fitted out ; and the Adventure, three hundred and thirty-fix tons, was cfjuipped at Woolwich. On the 3.8th of Novcml)er, 1771, C:ipt. Cook was appointed to the command of the Rclolution ; and Tobias Furncaux, who had been fecond lieutenant with Capt, Wallis, was promoted to the toiniiunJ of the Adventure. The Kcfolution had one hiindred and twelve hands on board, officers in- cludcii : and the i\dvcnrure eighty-one. la the former, J:mus Conk was captain, Robert P. Cooper, Charles Clerke, and Richard Fickerlgill, were appointed lieu- tenants. Jofeph Gilbert was mafter; James Grey, boatfw.iinj Jaincs Wallis, carpenter; Rol>crt Anderfon, gunner; and James Patten, furgeon- John Edgcumbe was lieutenant of the marines, under whom were one ferjcant, two cor|)oraIs, one drummer and fifteen pri- vates. The red of the crcwconlifted of three maftcr's mares, fix midlhipmen, two furgcon's mates, one cap- tain's clerk, one mailer at arms, one corporal, one armourer, his mate, one fail-maker, his mate, three boatfwain's inatcs, carpenter's three, gunner's two, four carpenter's crew, one cook, his mate, fix quarter matters, and forty-five able feamcn. In the Adventure, Tobias Furncaux was captain, Jofeph Shank, and ArthurKempe, lieutenants ; Peter lannin was appointed mafter, Ed- ward Johns boatfvain, William Onerd carpenter, Andrew Gloag gunner, Thomas Andrews furgcon: of mallei's mates, midfliipmcn, &c. as above, the number was twenty-eight, and thirty-throe able bodied foamcn. James Scott was lieutenant of the marines, under whofe command were one ferjcant, one (.orj'H)ral,one drummer, and ei{;ht privates. 'Ihe two lliips were ordered to be got in readincfi with the utmod expedition, and Ixrth the Navy and Vidluall-ng boards paid an uncommon attention to their equipmi nt -, even the firil lord of the Admiralty vilited them from time to time; in confequcnce of which they were not reflrained by ordinary cflabliflmu-nts, every extra article thought nccellary being allowed, in order that they might be fitted completely, and in every refped to the fatisfaiftion of thofe who were to embark in them. Indeed Capt. Cook failed with greater ad vantages in this expedition, than any of his prcdeccfTori who had gone out licforc on dilco\erics; and we may venture to fay, no future commander will ever have a commiHion of a more liberal kind, nor be furnifhed w ith a greater profulion of the very bcft llores and pro- vifions. He had the frame of a vcffel of twenty tons, one for each fliip, to fervc 0( ' nfionally, or u|>on any emergency, as tenders : he had on board filhing-nets, lines and hooks of every kind ; he was fupplicd with innumerable articles of fmall value, adapted to the commerce of the tropical iflands: he b;id on board additional cloathing for the feamcn, particularly fuiteil to a cold clin>ate, to all which wereail.lcv! the U-ll in- (IrumentA for allionomical and n.iutical obfirvation-; : in which were included lour tiini-pi(ces on Mr. Har- rifon's principles. conflruCted by Melf. Arnold and Kendal. And that nothing might be wanting to pro- cure information, and that could tend to the fuccelsof the voyage, a landfcape painter, Mr. William Hodges, was engaged for this important undertaking, accom- panied by Mr. (now Dr.) John Rcinhold ioller and Son, who were thought the moll proper perfons for the line of Natural Hiflory, to which they were appointed with parliamentary encouragement. Mr. William Wales, and Mr. William Haylcy, were likewifc engaged tomake aflronomical obfervations i the former being placed by the boaxd of longitude, in the Refolution, and Mr. llavkv cook's iECOND V O YAOE — for making Di/'covcrics in the Sou//j Seai & Round tlic fyorJd. 1 09 LGE Vorld, r Y, dventure; | iONTINENT, 8fC, uly 1775. Adventure after tTie re dcilruyed by tli* ) N. marines, under whuic ;)rjK)raI,onc drummer, I be got ill readineri I lH)th the Navy and non attention to their the Adnuralty vilittd nicqucnce of which nary cnablillmicnts, ary being allowed, in plttcly, and in e\ cry who were to embark led with greater ad- ny of" his prcdccefTorj n cries; and we may nder will ever have a d, nor be furnitticd beft tlores and pro- vcird of twenty torn, Dnally, or U|>on any Iward fiihing-nets, he was fupplicd with ue, adapted to the : liu b;id on board , particularly fuitcd c ;uloc\! the l)eft in- utical obfi'rvations ; 1 itics on Mr. Har- MelF. Arnold and L-c wantina; to pro- end to the iiicccla ot r. William Hodges, undertaking, acccjin- hold l-ollcr and Son, pcrfons for the line *erc appointed with Vir. William Wales, rt ifc engaged to make mer being placed by "efolution, and Mr. IJavlcv Bayley in the Adventure. Nor muft we omit to men- tion the number of medals ftruck by order of the luirds of the Admiralty, and intended to be left both as prcfent* and tcftiraonics in new ditovcred coun- tries. The two (hips were viftuallcd and provided with all manner of necelTaTies for a three years voyage [ among I which were the following extra articles : 1 . Malt, (or i fttcct wort, dcfigned for thofc whofe habit of body I might engender the fcurvy, and as a remedy lor fuch who might be alHifted with that diforclcr. The quan- tity prefcribcd fyr each patient, from one to fix pints a d.iy, at the difcretion of the furpeon. 2. SourKrout, of which each feaman was to be allowed two pounds a week. This is cabbage faked down, and cloff packed 1 in calks, after having been properly fermented. It is lelleemed by our navigaiors an excellent antifcorbutic. !-). C/ibhage cut fmall and faltcd down, to whi'h is [added juniper berries, and amiifeeds, which arc likc- I wife put to the four krout. 4. Portable foi'p, very t nourifliing, and of great utility both for invalids, and jthofe that are in good health. 5. Oranges, vked upon by our feamcn as nn omen to the fuccefs of the voyage. It was undoubtedly an inlhnce cf the care of Divine Pro\ idence, exerted for our protection in fo cri- tical a moment. Indeed the whole of our voyage, equally with this circumftancc, demonOrarcs, that a divine power was abfolutely necellary to protrrt us in times of danger, and to give us a fafe return. On Monday the i;jth at (ix o'clock, A. M. the two ftiips failed from Plymouth Sound, in company, and palled the Kddillone, which is a lofty, well cotitrived tower, of the utmod advantage to navigation and com- merce. As we (lood off (hore, the wind increafed, and the billows rolled higher and higher. Moll of the fea- men both old ami young were alfedcd with (icknefs. On the 20th, we fell in with Cape Ortcgal on the coall OI.S of Galicia. The country appears hilly, and the to| of the hills are covered with wooil. The foa now gn perfeiJily calm, and the profpect which furroundeil i:, was vei y delightful. When in light of Cape I'iiiilUrn , bearing W. S. W. fcvcn or eight leagues, we were- m, ' by a (mall Trench Tartan from Marfcilles, freiglurl w ith Hour from Fcrroi and Corunna. We obtained fi(j!u them a fmall fupply of fredi water, which we nun li wanted, having been obliged to fublift on bread and our wine. On the 22d, in the afternoon, we palFcJ two Spanifli men of war, one of which fired a (liotat the Adventure to bring her to; but on hailing her, ai\| being tokl we were king's (liips, made a proper apo. logy, and very politely took leave, w idling us a gdcxl voyage. On Wednefday, the 29th, about nine at night, wc anchored in Funchialc raid, in the inandof Madeira. After having faluted the garrilbn with eleven guns, and they had returned the compliment, wc went on Ihorc, accompanied by the two Forllers, and were conducted by Mr. Sills, a gentleman from the vice-con- ful, to the houfc of Mr. Ixjughnans, a confiderable Englilh merchant, who aflided us with every accom. modation the ifland and his houfe aftbrded, during our day. Here the oflioers ajul private men furni(hcd themfelves w ith fuch docks of wine as they could con. veniently purchafe. The Madeira, or Madera Idands arc .only three in number ; namely, Madeira, projicrly fo called ; the illand of Puerto, or Porto Santo ; and Ida Dcferta, or the Dcfolate Kle. 'I'hcy arc (ituatcd to the N. of the .Salvages, and in the Atlantic ocean, between thirty- two and thirty-three deg. rtnd feventecn and eighteen deg. W. longitude, two hundred and fifty miles N. hy K. from 'renerill, three hundred and (ixty from Cape Cantin on the coad of Africa, and three hundred N. I of the idand of larro. They were thiis named tnim ] the principal of them, which was called by the Portu- gue/.e .Madeira, (ignifying a wooil or fored, from iti being overgrow n with trees. They were fir(\ difcovcred i by an Engliih gentleman, and many years after by the Portuguefe ; and as there is fomething extremely fin- gular in both thefe occurrences, but more particularly the (ir(l, wc diall, for the entertainment of our rea- ders, relate the circumdanccs attending it. In the reign of Edward III. king of England, 3 ] young gentleman, named Robert Machin, concei\cd I a violent pallion tor .Xnn D'Arfet, a beautiful and ai- complidied lady of a noble family. Machin, with re. | f|)ci5t to birth and fortune, was inferior to the ladi but his perfonal qualifications rwercamc every fcniplc j on that account, and die rew: rdcd his attachment «i:h a reciprocal adeiition. Their frieiid.i, however, behtU | the young gentleman in a different light; they fancial their blood would be contaminated by an alliance \uth| one of a lower rank, and therefore determined to facr- (ice the happinefs of the young lady, to the hercdiiar, pride of blood, and theirown mercenary and interclUJi motives. In confcqucnce of thefe ideas, a warrant I was priKurcd from the king, under the fandioii cit| which Machin was apprchcndeil, and kept in cl";'; confinement, till the objec'i of his artcCHons was mar- ried ■•, n nobleman, whofe chief merit lay in hishono-l rary title ai.d large podcfTions; and immediately after! the nuptial ceremony was over, the peer took his Ikii;- tiful bride with him to a drong caftlc which he had 111 1 the neighbourhood of Bridol, and then the unforiu. natc lover was fet at liberty. After being relcafed from his cruel confinement, Ma- chin was acquainted that his midrcfs had been core- pelled to give her hand to another. This rcndiKd 1 himalmolt frantic, and he vowed to revenge the vio-f lence done to the lady, and the injury which he hinildil had fuflained; and with this view, imparted hisdtlignj to fomc of his friends and companions, who engapJJ to accompany him to Bridol, and alfilV him in vh.ii- ever enierprizc he undertook. Accordingly one ofli' comrades contrived to get hiiiifelf hired by the noMi-^ man as a fervant, and by that means being introdii into the family, he foon found an opportunity to la t^;| lady know tnc fentimcnts and intentions ot herlovw j whcjl cook's second VOYAC;t',— for m;ikinj^ DiJlovirL-s in the Houth S.>!s IS. Roiiml tlic H'orl.l. \ \ \ Iv hen llie (uny entered into all his projects, and proiiiifcd ltd comply with whatever he ftiould pronofc. 1 o laci- llitate their dcfigns, the lady appeared niorc chcarlul Ithanufual, which lulled alleep every fulpicion that her lord might othcrwilc have entertained -, ilie alfo en- I treated pcrmi(Tion to ride out daily to take the air tor the Ibencfit of her health, which rcqueil her confort ealily Icranted, Thi* point being gained, llie did not fail to take advantage of it. by riding out every morning ac- Icompanicd by one fervant only, which was her lover s I companion, he having been prcvioufly pitched upon always to attend her by her own contrivance. Matters being thus prepared, (lie one day rode out as ufuai, when her attendant conduced her to his friciu , who waited at the fea fide to receive her. 'I'hey all three immediately entered a boat, and foon reached a lliip that lay at I'ome dilbnce ready to receive them on boiud i and Machin, having the objed of his wilhes onboard, immediately, with the alTiftancc ot hb allo- ciates, fet fail, intending to proceed to France ; but all on board being ignorant ot maritime atfairs, and the wind blowing a hard gale, they milfed their port, and 1 the next morning, to their aftoniflimtnt, lound thcm- l/clves driven into the main ocean. In this miferablc 1 condition, they abandoned themfelves to defpair, and committed their fates to the mercy of the waves. Without a pilot, almoft deftitule of provifions, and quite devoid of hope, they were tolfed about for the fpace of thirteen days. At length, when the morning of the fourteenth day began to dawn, they fancied they could dcfcry fomething very near them, that had the i appearance of land ; and when the fun roll-, to their f treat joy they could dilliniitly perceive it was fuch. Their pleafure, however, was in Ibme meafurc lelfened iby the reHection, that it was a (Irangc country ; for they Ifjlainly perceived it was covered with a variety of trees, Iwhofe nature and appearance they had not the Icalt ' knowledge of. Soon after this, fome of thein landed from the Hoop, in order to make their obfervations on the country ; when, returning foon after to the iliip, they highly commended the place, but at the fame time believed there were no inhabitants in it. The lover and hismiftrefs, with fomcot his friends, then landed, leaving the relt to take care of the ihip. The country appeared beautifully divcrlified with hills and dales, (liadcd with various trees, and watered by many clear meandring (beams. The mo(t beautiful bird.s of diftcrent fpccies perched upon their heads, arms, and hands, unapprehcnfivc of danger ; and fc- veral kinds of wild bcalh approached, without otftr- ing any violence to them. After having penetrated through feveial woody rece(res, they entered a line me.idow admirably incucled with a border of laurels, (ineiy enamelled with various Howers, and happily wa- tered with a meandring cryftal rivulet. Ljjun an emi- nence in the midll o( rliis meadow, they faw a lofty fpreading tree, the beauty of which invited them to rcpofe under its (liadc, and partake of the Iheltcr it would alli'rd them from the piercing rays of the fun. They at length attempted to make a temporary refi- dence beneath this tree ; and, providing themfelves w ith Ivoughs from the neighbouring woods, they built feveral fmail huts, or arbours. They palfed their time very .ij^rceably in this place, from whence they made lic- micnt excurlions iiuo the neighbouring country, ad- miring its Grange productions and various beauties. I heir liappinefs, however, was of no very long conti- nuance ; lor one night a terrible ftorm arofe from the N. K. which tore the (liip from her anchor, and drove her to fea. The crew were obliged to fubmit to the mercy of the elements, when they were driven to the toall of Morocco, where the (hip being Urandcd, the whole crew was made captives by the Moors. Machin and his companions, having milfed the (hip the next morning, they concluded Ihe had tbunJered, and was. gone to the bottom. This new calamity plunged them into the dcepcft melancholy, and fo greatly affected the lady, that ihe could not fupport herfclf under it. She had indeed before continually fed her g 'cf.by fadprefagcs of the enterprise's e)idit^in fome 4 fital catalliophe to ail concerned ; but the ilioi-k ol'lhc late dindler (Initk her dumb j fo that lie expired in three da^s aftirw arils, in the moll bitter agonies. The death of the lady alfectcd Machin to fuch aiiit^iee, that he (iirvived her but four days, notw ithllaiuiiiij.', the iii- mod endeavours of his companions lo alliird him i on- folation. Frcvious to his death, he begged tf.cm to place his body in the fame grave with iiir's, which they had made at the footol an altar, erected under the beautiful lofty tree before-mentioned, liny after- wards placed upon it a large wooden crofs j and near that an infcription, drawn up by Machin himfeif, con- taining a fiiccinCt account of the whole adseiiture ; and concluded with a requell, that if any C'hiillian llioiikl come thitherto fettle, that they would luiikl aiul dedi- cate a church to Jcfus Chrill upon that fpoc. 'die re- maining companions of Machin, after his de.itli, dc- t.-rmined to attempt returning to England in the lloop, which had been fo well fecured near the (liore, as not to be in the leall damaged by the llorm which had driven away the fliip. Hut, happening to take the fame courfc the others had been forced u[)on, they unfortunately arrived in like manner upon fome part of the coall of Morocco, where they met with exactly the fame fate, being feized in a (imilar manner, and carried to the fame prifon. Merc they met with feveral other Chrif- tian llaves, belides their own companions j particularly one John de Morales, a Spaniard of Seville. Thismaii was an excellent liiilor, and took a peculiar delight in hearing the Englilh captives rehearfe their adventures, by which means he learnt the lituation and particular marks of this m u difcovend country, which he took care to retain in his memory. In proccfs of time, John I. king of Portugal, hav- ing entered into a war with the Moors, palled over into Africa with a formidable army ; and in the year 141 5 laid (iegc to and took Ceuta. In this expedition, he was accompanied by his fons, one of whom, prince Henry, took great delight in the Rudy of the mathe- matics, particularly geography and navigation. Upon this occalion, they had a great opportunity of conver- ling with the Moors and African Jews; and informing himfelf. by their means, of the (ituation of feveral foreign countries, the feas about them, their coafls. &c. Hence grew an infutiablc thirft for making new conquellsj and from this time he was determined to devote his attention to the difcovery of unknown coun- tries. Inconfequcnce of which refolution, he retired, after the reduction of Ceuta, to the Algarves, w here he found a new town within a league of Cape St. Vincent, ercded a fort to defend it, and determined to fend out Ihips from thence upon difcoveries. The perfon he in- tended to employ as chief commander, upon tlufeoc- calions, was a gentleman of extrajudinary abilities. named Juan Gonfalvo Zarco, who became famous not only for his maritime difcoveries, but for being the lirft perlbn who introduced the ufe of artillery onboard Ibips. In 1418 he difcovcred Puerto Santo, one of the Ma- deiras; and in 1420 he palled the llreights, and fur- v^ycd a conliderable extent of the coall of Africa. In the mean time, a Spanifh prince dying, left by his will a large fumof money for the purpofc of redeeming Spanilh Chrillians, who were kept as llaves in Morocco, Terms being agreed upon between the emperor of Mo- rocco and the commillioners, for the redemption of thofc captives, a Spanilli fliip was fent to Morocco to fetch home the redeemed Chriftians, among w horn was John de Morales before-mentioned. On the return of this (hip to Spain, it happened to fall in with the fqua- dron commanded by Juan Gonfalvo Zarco, who was, as we havejuft noticed, then palling the flraitsto make obfervations on the coail of Africa. Spain and Portu- gal being at this time at war, Juan Gonfalvo Zai co made prize of the Spanifli (hip ; but fintling it con- tained only redeemed captives, he w as touched w ith companion at the mifericJ they had already fullered du- ring their (la\"ery, and generoufly difmidbd them, ta- king out only John de Morales, whom he found to be a very intelligent perfon. an able failor, and an expert pilot. When I 12 Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. '1 ! When Moults was int'()rmc.'d of the rofoii t)t lii» detention, and the difcovcrict that the Portugucfc were upon, he was mightily rejoiced, and oH'crcd voluntarily to enter into the Service of prince Henry. He then told the PortujjiieCe innunanaer of the illand whith had b«cn lately diliovcrcd bv the Englilh, related the lh»ry of the two unfortunate lovers, and cvcrv other circuin- ftance. which, during his captivity, he kid heard from Machin's companions, (ionfalvo was fo delighted with his relation, that he tacked about, antl returned to the new town which prince Henry had built, called Terra Nabal. On his arrival, he introduced Morales to the prince, when the Spaniard again reix-ated all that he nad before told to Juan Gonfal vo. 1 he prince thought this worthy of beroming a national allair i and there- fore, communicating the whole to the king his father, and the Portuguefe miniftry, they determined to pur- fue the diftoveryi and for that purpofc fitted out a good Ihip, well manned and provided, and a Hoop to '{o with oars, when occalion required : and Juan C»on- "alvo was appointed to the whole command. S«)inc Portugucfc, on the difcovery of Puerto Santo a Ihort time before, h.id been left by Gonfalvo on that ifland j and judging by the account of Morales, concerning the fttuation ofthe ifland they were in quell of, that it could not be far from Puerto Santo, he dctcmiined to tail thither ; where when lie arrived, the Portiigucle whom he had left behind, informed him, that they had obferved to the north-ealt a thick impenetrable dark- which conftantly hung upon the fca, and ex- % nc tended itfelf upward to the heavens. That they never knew it to be diminilhed ; but a rtrangc noife, which they could not account tor, was often heard from thence. John de Morales appeared to be convinced that this was the illand they wen- in fcarch of; and Juan Gon- falvo was inclined to coincide with him ; but all the rcll were terrilied at the accounts they had heard. It was therefore concluded to remain at Puerto Santo till the change ofthe moon, to fee what cHect that would have upon the fliade, or whether the noife would ccafe. IJut perceiving no alteration of any kind, the panic in- creafcd among the generality of the adventurers Morales, however, Hood firtii to his opinion of that being the ifland they were looking for ; and very fa\- fihly obferved, that, according to the accounts he haii received from the Isnglifli, the ground was covered oser with loftv lliady trees ; it was no wonder, therefore, that it (liould be exceeding damp, and that the humid va- pours might exhale from it by the |>ower of the fun, vhich, Ijircading themfelvcs to the Iky, occalioned the dark clouds they faw; and with rcfpect to the noife, that might he occafioned by certain currents dalhing againft the rocks on the coaft of the ifland. Notwithftanding thcfc obftacles, Juan Gonfalvo de- termined to proceed ; and, fetting fail the next day, he at length made land ; and the fear of thofe who had been all along terrified, now vanilhed. The firlt point they faw, thev named St. Lawrence's Point : doubling this, they foiind to the fouthward, rifmg land, whither Morales and others were fent in a floop to reconnoitre the coaft ; and came to a bay which fcemcd to anfwer the defcription given by the Knglilh. Here they land- ed ; and fiiuiing the crof^ and infcription over the grave ofthe two lovers, they returned to Juan Gonfalvo with an account of their fucccfs ; whereupon he im- mediately landed, and took {lolielTion of the place, in the name of John I. king of Portugal, and prince Henry his fon. Having built an altar near the grave, they fcarched about the ifland, in order to difcovcr if it con- tained any cattle ; but not finding any, they coafted wertward, till they came to a place where four fine rivers ran into the fca, of the waters of which Juan GonHilvo filled fomc bottles, to carry as a prefcnt to prince Henry. Proceeding farther, they came to a fine valley, which was intcrfedted by a beautiful river, and after that to a pleafant fpol covered with trees, fomc of which being fallen down, Juan Gonfalvo ordered a crofs to be ere.'lid the I'.ivrmciit oi the choir with the bonis of the two unfortunarc Iom r He fooii after laid the foundation of the town " Funchal, which afterwards became famous; and tr altar of the new wooden church was dedicated i< St. Catharine, by his wife Conflantia, whow-iswiii him. John I. king of Portugal, dying, his eldcfV fon xn\ fiicceflbr iJuarte, in confideration of the gnat fiiinv ut money expended in [Jcopling this illaini, by prm e Henry his bn>ther, gave him the revenues of it tor lito. He likewile g.iver'H' fpiruualities of it to the order ot thrill, which 'tidowiiient Alonza XV. afterwards con- finned. The ifland of M.uleira, properly fo called, is com- pofed of one contiiniul hill of a woiulerl'ul height, in- tending from eafi towelV: the declivity of which, 011 the fouth fide, is cultivated and interf[H;rfed with vine. yards ; and in the midll of this Hope, the merchaiKi have fixed their coiintiy-leats, which hel[) to render the prof|Ki;t very agree;ii)le. The air is more moderate ih.in that in the Canary lllands, and the foil more tcriiic in corn, wine, fugar, and fruits. Fine f'prinj',s aUnind aiiuoil in every part, befides which there are eight giKxJ rivers. The great plenty of water firft liiggellcil the hint tu frince Henry of fending fugar canes to Madeira from taly, which greatly impmved through the increafeot heat, and produced more than in their native foil. This ifland aflPords plenty of citrons, bananas, peachrs apricots, plumbs, cherries, figs and walnuts ; with oranges of all forts, and lemons of a pnxligions I'm. Fruit trees from liuropc thrive here in j LrfeCtion ; ami the natives arc faid to make the beft I weatmeats ot any in the world, and particularly greatly excel in pn- fcrving citrons and oranges, aixl'in making marm.ilailc and perfumed paftes, which greatly excel thofe ofCic- noa. The fugar made here is vciy fine, and has tin: fmell of viojets ; this, indeed, is faid to be the liiit place in the Weft where this manufacture w a.s let on toot, and from thence was carried to America : but aftenvarJ-i the fugar-plantations at Brazil prufporing extrcnidy, the grcateft pait of the fugar-canes in this illand were pullnl up, and vineyards planted in their ftcad, that produce excellent wines, which, the author of LorJ Anfon's voyage obferves, fcems to be dcfigncd by Pro- vidence to euiilerate and comfort the Inhabitants of the torrid zone. The cedar-tree here i.s vtry flrait, tall, and thick, and has a rich fcent. The wood of tiic naiFo tree is 9! a red i»k culuur^hcr^ arc alio die ni^ltic ; and COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoveriet in the South Seas tc Round the lf^or/,1. i 1 3 X their rcfidcnre i^ found a fine tract ot the country, but co. 1 the I'ortugucfc Inn, nee the town of I'on. which was afterward* riy fo calicii, is com- rtdniliThil height, ix- leclivity of which, 'uii itorfperfeJ with viik'- llopc, the merchants ith help to rtniiir die is more miKlerate liun tie foil more fertile m fprinj',s aUnind aliiiolt are eight (;(kxI rivcm. iipgelltd the hint to anes to Madeira from irough the increafeoi t their native foil, oils, bananas, peaches anil walnut'. ; with ol' a pifxligions lia. :re in i\;rfcCtion j aiul ; bell fweatmeat.s ut y greatly excel in jiri- n making mnrmaladc ly excel lliofe of (ii- ny tine, and has the laid to be the lirlt ai'ture wasfeton t()ot, lerica ; but aftenvardi iirofpv,ring cxtrcnirly, Its in this illand were in their flcad, that the author of Lord be deligncd by Pro- the inhabitants of the re is vtty (Irait, tall. The wood of the lerc arc alio the ni^ltic and »nd gum-dragon trees ; and belide.i fruit-trees there are variety of other trees, which are common both to >ropc and Africa. The cvcrlartinn-Hower is a great iuriolity 1 tor when it ii plucked it cannot be perceived Id fade 1 it grown like fage, flowern like camomile, and pilways appears frefli anti blooming. Vines are in »hundance; and from the grapes which they prcxliicc vail quantity of the mod delicious wines arc made, indeed the foil is fo well adapted for the cultivation of ifincs, that the grapes exceed the leaves in nuinbcr, and of the bunches are fixtecn or eighteen inches in I ngth. Here are fcveral forts of thefe wines 1 one is the colour of champagne, but is not much valued; HKither fort is a white wine, much flronger than the Smiicr. A third fort is excellent, and refembles malni- iy, it being of the fame nature with that which grows 'iVnerilf: and another refembles Alicant wine, but ■1 much inferior to it in taftc, and is never drank alone, lut mi.xed with the other forts, to which it gives a roKnirand llrcngth to keep. It is obfervable of the Madeira wines, that they are greatly improved by the peat ol the fun, when exjiofed to it in the barrel, after he bung i> f ikcn out. In the whole illand they an- uaily make .ibout twenty-eight thoufand pipes, eight nufand of w hich arc drank there, and the rell export- the greatell part bcinj Tent to the Weft-Indies, tic wmes that arc brought directly to England, are t equal in goothiefi to fuch as are lirfl carried to the eft-Indies ; and their flavour is exceedingly height- Bed, if they remain fome time in Barbad(H's. The rodudl of each vineyard is ufually divided equally etwcen the nroprictor, and the perfon who gathers nil prefTes the grapes ; it commonly happens, how- ver, that w hile the merchant is rich, the gatnerer is poor. the people here trade among thcnifelves, or barter. The principal town in the whole ifland is I''onch.il, or l^unchialc, and is feated in the fouth part of the lland at the bottom of a large bay, in latitude 32 deg. 13 niin. 34 fee. N. and in 17 deg. 12 min. VV, longi- ude. Wc deduced the longitude from lunar obferva- pons, and Mr. Wales reduced the fame for the tow n by Ir. Kendal's watch, which makes the longitude of funchiale, 1 7 deg. 1 min. 1 4 fee. W. Towards ihc it is fortified by a high wall, with a battery of can- on, befides a caftle on the Loo, which is a rock landing in the water at a fmall diftance from the liore. This town is the only placeof trade, and indeed lie only place where it is ix)lliblc for a boat to land ; nd even here the beach is covered with large ftones, nd a violent furf continually beats upon it. 1 he only Dd time for landing is before the fea-biecv,e comes 'I"he town is very populous, but the majority of he inhabitants are not natural-born Fortugucf'e ; for a kreat number of Knglilh and French Roman catholics titled there, wlu) live after the Portuguefe manner; "omc Englilh prot^iftants, ami a prodigious number of egrocs and mulattocs, both freemen and flaves. The Ireets are ftraight, and dr.twn by a line, and their houfes arc pretty well built j their churches arc well- puilt beautiful ftruiilurcs, enriched with gilding, fine Bictures, and plate, and people arc faid to meet in them ppon bulinefs that has little relation to devotion. Thofe women who have no domeftic chapels, never jto to church but on Sundays and holidays ; when, if liere be fc\eral daughters, they walk two and two ifore the mother, each having a large thin vail over ber face ; but their brcafts and flioulders are quite bare. Bv their fide vsalks a venerable old man, with a ftring If beads in his hand, and armed with a fword and dag- ^er. This town is the fee of a biftiop, who has the I hole ifland under his fpiritual jurifdiction, and is fuf- agan to the archbiftiop of Liibon. The governor of He ifland alio .-elides here. In the ifland arc two other towns; one called Man- fchico, which has a church named Santa Cruz, or tlu Holy Crofs, .ind a convent of Bernardine-friars ; the pther town is namcil Moncerito. In ftiort, the iflanu ately contained thirty-lix pariftics, a college, and a mo- haftery of jcfuiu, live other monafterics, eighty -two No. 13. • hermitages, and live hofiiitals. There are feveral line feats ana eaftlei about tnc country, in which the mer- chants chicHy rclide. The ordinary food of the poorer people, in the time of vintage, is little elle than bread and rich grapes; and were it not for their abftcmioufncfs, fevers in the h;it feafons would be frequent j therefore even the rich, in the hot months, arc very moderate in their diet aiid drinking. The generality of the people aftWl great gravity in their deportment, and ufually drefs in black; but they cannot difjK-nfc w ith the fpado and dagger, which even fervants wear; fothat you may fee a foot- man waiting at table with a fword at leaft a yard long, and a great bafkct hilt to it. '1 he houfes in general arc plain, as the inhabitants put themfelves at no great expencc in furnifliing them. The w iiidows are fe. urcd by wooden ftiutters at night, and inftead of being gla/cd, arc lattic ed. With refpedt to their mar- riapcs, aft'edion is never confidertd, the principal en- quiiies arc into family defcent and circuniftances; the women are prohibited from marrying Engliflimen, un- lefs the latter confent to embrace tnc Roman catholic religion. Murders are very frequent, on account of the great numbers of places deemed fandluarics, and the cafe with w hich a murderer can thereby fcrecn him- nif from juftice. But if the criminal is taken before nc can reach the fanduary, the puniflimcnt is only cither baniihment or imprilbnmcnt, both which, by a pecuniary compolirion, may be evaded. Here are a great mimber of clergy, who arc generally rich; but none who are dcfcendcd from Moors or Jews are admitted to rake orders. The churches are nioJc repofitories for the dead, and the corpfe is curioufly dreffed and adorned: yet in the interment, ftoreof lime is ufed, in order to confume the body as fpecdily as jioiTible, which ufually happens in a fortnight ; fo that there is then room for another corpfe. 'ITie bodies of proteftants arc not allowed to be buried, but muft be thrown into the fea ; ncvertliclefs they are permitted to Ik interred in confecrated ground, presided a handfomc fup'. of money is paid to the clergy. Puerto Santo is generally termed one of the Madeira iflands, and lies to the north-eaft of Madeira, in ;{j deg. 30 min. N. latitude, and in 1 6 deg. 5 min. \V. longitude from London, and is only about 1 5 miles in circumference. It was difcovercd in the year 141 2, by two Portuguefe gentlemen, one of whom was Don Juan Gonfalvo, fent by prince Henry, fon to John I. king of Portugal, to double Cape Bajador, in order to make farther difcoveries; but beiiig furprifed by a violent ftorm, were driven out to lea, and, when they gave themfelves over for loft, had the happinefs to find this ifland, whi>-h proving a fafeafylum totliem, they called it Puerto Satnto, or the Holy Port. This ifland poduces wheat and other corn, juft fufll- cient for the lupport of the inhabitants : here alfo arc plenty of oxen, wild hogs, and a vaft number of rabbits. There are trees which produce the gum called dragon's blood, and likcwife a little honey and wax, which arc extremely good. It has properly no harbour, but there is good mooring in the road, which aftbrds a convenient retreat for ftiips going to Africa, or coming from the Indies ; fo that merchantmen often flop there, w hich aftbrds confiden-ible profit to the inhabitants, who are difcendcd from the Portugue'c, to whom the ifland is fubjed. The inhabitants are all Roman catholicks, being under the fpiritual jurifdiiftion of the bifliop of Fonchal in Madeira. They would live a very quiet life, were it not for the pirates, who often pay thein troublefome vifits. In the year 1 61 7, they landed here, and carried oft' fix hundred and fixty-three prifoners, befides plundering the place. Thcrcis a little ifland called the Defart, which pro- duces only orchilla-weed, and fomc goats are on it : it lies on the eaft-fide of Madeira, at about fix leagues diftance. On Saturday the i ft of Auguft, having ftowed on board a fupply of water, wine, and other neceffaries, fet fail, loft fight of Madeira, and flood to the 3 F fouthward. N wc 11+ Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. fefU m K fouthward, with a gentle galo at N. Tv On 'iucfday ' the 4th, we faw the pleafant ifland of Pahua, bearing S. S. \V. diftant about three or four Icag ics. This is one of the Canary ides. It may be feen, o.i account of its height, twelve or fourteen leagues at fea, and lies in latitMde 28 deg. 38 min. N. and in 17 deg. 58 min. W. londtude. On NVcdnefday, the 5th, wc palFed the ifle of Ferro, at the diftancc of fourteen leagues. The illand of Pal ma lies about fifty miles to the VV. of Teneritfe, and two hundred W. of the continent of Africa. It is about thirty miles long, twenty broad, and fevcnty in circuit. On the N. E. part of the ifland, within land, is a high and fpacious mountain, ileepon all fides. This is called La Caldern, or the cauldron, from a hollow like that on the pike of Teneriffe. The funimit is about two leagues in circumference, and on ihe infide the cauldron defccnds gradually from thence to the Iwitom, which is a fuace of about thirty acres. On the declivity of the infide fpring fcveral rivulets, which joining together at the bottom, ilFucin one llroam through a paf.agc to the ojtfide of the mountain from whith this brook defcends; and having run foine dif- ta nee from thence, turns two fugar-mi lis. The water of this llrcam is u uvholcfome, on account of its being mixed with fume water of a pernicious iiuality in the cauldron; all the infide of which abounds with her- bngc, and is covered with palms, pitch-jiinc, laurel, lignum-rhodiiiin, and rctamas; which lart Ir.ue in this illand a yellow bark, and grow to the li/.e of large trees ; but in the others they are only fl'"ibs. The people here take great care not to let the he goats feed on the leaves of the rctama, on account of their breeding ? f^one in the bladder, which is mortal. Two rivulets fpring on the outfide of the cauldron j one of thefe runs north- ward to the village of St. Andrew, and turns two fu- gar-mills, and the other runs to the town of Palmas, which lies to the eaflward. Thefe are the only rivu- lets or llreams of any confequence in the ifland : on which account the natives build tanks, or fquare reler- voirs w ith planks of pitch-pine, which they make tight withcaulkmg. Thefe they fill with the torrents of rain-water that in the w intci feafon rufli down from the mountains, and preferve it for themfelves and cattle: but the flieep, goats, and hogs, in places at a diflance from the rivuLts, feed almolY all the \ ear round on the roots c.'" fern and afphovlil, and tlierelbre have little or no need of water, there bemg moiflurc enough in thofc roots to fupply the want of that element. Though the fouth iiuartcr of the ifland is molt deflitute of water, yet there is a med cinal well of hot water (o clofe to the ica-lhore, that the tide flows into it at full lea. At L'gucr is a cave, that has a long narrow entrance, fo flraight that people pafs through it backwards, with their face to the mouth of the cave ; but after they have got through this palFage, they entir a fpacious gro'io, where water diflils from between the large tiakes of llaie ftones that hang from the roof; the Icafl blow given to thefe, icfminJs with a noife like thunder through the cave. In the diftricl; of Tifuya is amountam, whichap^vearsto have been removed by an taichquake from its original fituation. The natives have a tradition, that the foot on which it now (lands was a [ilain, and the molt fertile fpot inthcwliolc illand, till it was deftroyed by the burning lava, and the fall of the mountain. Indeed, the eflccls of vol- canos arc to be ;<;en in almoft every part of the ifland ; for the channels where the burning matter, melteil ores, and calcined flones and aflics ran, may be ealily dif- tinguiflicd by a curious obferver. Nunno de I'enna, in hi-, lliflorical Memoirs, relates, that on the 13th of Novcinber 1677, a little after fun-fet, the earth fliook for thirteen leagues with a dreadful noife, that conti- nued five days, during which it opened in feveral places ; l)ut the greatellgap was '.pon the mountain of La L'al- ikra, a mile and a half from the fea, from whence pro- ceeded a great fire, which cart up flones and pieces of rock. 'I he like hajjpcned in feveral places thereabouts, and in kfs than a quarter of an hour were twenty- eight gaps about the foot of the mountain, which call iijilh abundance of flaiiies and burning (loncs. The fame 1 rfon adds, that on the 20th of November fol. lowing, there was a fecond eruption of the fame mount frorh whence came forth flones and fire, with great earthquakes and thunders for feveral days, fo that hhcl; cinders were taken up at feven leagues diflance ; thj adjacent ground was entirely wafleu, and the inh:tl)i. tants forced to quit their dwellings. The lall volcano •? that happened in this ifland was in 1750, when oiicnf ^ thefe rivers of fire ran, with great rapidity, from the mountains towards the town of Palmas, and difcharcrcil itfelf alxjut a mile to the northward of the town, imt we have not learnt that any confiderable eruption hath happened fincc that time. If we take a view of Palma at the diflance of throe leagues oft" at fea, the mountains fecm full of gutters or beds formed by torrents of rain water ; but ihilo only appear little from their height and diflance; fnr we find them to be large vallics.abounding w ith wodd;, on a nearer approach. In many places on the fliorJof this and the other iflands, is found the black fliininj; fand ufed to throw upon writing, to prevent its blottini-, It app ars to have been call out of volcanos, for the load llone, when held near it, will draw up every gram of it. The air, weather, and winds arc nearly the f:ur.>' a- at Tcnerift' and Canaria, except that the weflerly w iiuls anil rain arc more frequent at Palm.i, on account 01 its lying more to the wertward und northward, and on that account i.; not l(> far within the verge of thf N, K. trade winds as there iflands; whence it is particu- larly expofed to the S. wind, which moflly prevails ui the latitudes adjacent to thofe of the N. E. iraJc-w iad,, as well as to variable winds from other quariers. The climate here, and in 'fcnerifle, Canaria, anj Gomcra, dill'ers greatl\-, according as a j)erron lives i;i the mountains, or near the fea Ihore. IXiring a caln , the heat fcems almoll intolerable near the fliore, in the months of July, .Auguft and September ; but the air is at the fame time quite frelh and pleafant on the mountains. In the middle of wintei the houfes u[xiii thefe, fomc of which arc near the clouds, mufl be ix. tremcly cold, and the natives keep fires burning in their habitations all day long t but this is far from he- ing the cafe near the fea, where they ufe fires onlv in their kitchens. The fummits of all the Can.;ry ilks, except lancerota and I'uerrcventura, are generally en. vered with fnow for eight motiths in the year. 'I'hc fummit of Palma formerly abounded with trees, buta great drought in 1545 deftroyed thciri ali ; and though others began to fpring up fomc time after, they vcic deftroyed by therabb'ts and other animals, which find- ing no pafture below, went up there, and dellroycilall the young flirubs and trees, lb that the upper par' of the ifland is at prefent quite bare and defol^fc. Before the trees and flirubs were deftroyed, a great dc.il (f manna fell there, whicn the natives gathered and lint to Spain. The rabbits were firll brought to Palma hy Don Pedro Fcrn.indez dc Ijgo, the learned lieutenani- general of Tcnerifl'e, and have fince cncreafed in a lur. prifing manner. Pamu artbrds nearly the fame produdions as Ca naria, but a great quantity of fugar is m.ade here, par- : ticularly on the S. W. (ide of the ifland. The princi- pal port is called by the fame name, and is fituated on the fouth fide of the ifland. The mail is about a quar- ter of a mile from the (liorc, where vefl'cls gciuial!/ ride in fifteen or twenty fathoms water j and w ith g'lixl anchors and cables, notwithftandmg the eafterly windi, they may ridj with great fafety in all the winds that blow in this pait of the world. The town is large, containing two parifh churciies, feveral convents, with ! many private buildings, though they arc neither In I good nor fo large as thofe in the city of Palmas in C'a- naria, 01 of the towns in Tencriffc. Near the mok is a caftic or battery, mounted with Ibmc pieces of can- non, for the defence of the (hips in the bay, and to pre- vent the landing of an enemy. There are no otiur towns of note in Palma; but many villages, the chut of v*hich is called St. Andrew, where there are lour engines for the making of fugar; but the land here- about) E. joth of November lol. ion of the fame mount s and fire, '<'itli gra; 'cral days, fo that blacl; 1 Icairucs diftance : thj alku, and the inhabi, igs. The lall volcano in 1750, when oiicof cat rapidity, from the ?almas, and difchargcd vard of the town, hut iderable eruption ha;h C the diftancc of thr« IS fecm full of guttfrs rain water; but ihitc :ight and dilhncc; !,ir I abounding with woodi, 1 /places on 'vbc flior^dt lund the i)lack Ihiniiic; , to prevent its blottins^. t of volcano^, for the iill draw up every ;;r:un I are nearly the Pamo ai tiiatthe wcftcrly wuvh Palma, on accouiu 01 and northward, and cm in the verge of thi.' N. J whence it is particu- hich niolUy prevails in ftheN, E. iradc-wiiidi, 1 other quarters, fcncrirt'e, Cannria, and ling as a j>Crlbn lives in ;liore. l)uriiig a calm, c near the Ihore, in the icptcmber ; but the air Ih and pleafant on the wintei the houfes upn he clouds, mult be ix. keep fires burning in lut this is far from he. they ufc fires onlv in all the Canary il!n, ura, are generally ro. nths in the year. 'I'hc ntled with trees, biiti thciri all J and though time after, they vcic cr animals, which iind- htrc, and dcllroycil all that the upper p;ii' of and defol^'e. \kUw. roycd, a great dv.i! vi ves gathered and lint brought to Paliv.a by he learned licutcnatii- nce cncrcafed in a fur- COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for tnakingJOiTfOff^vVji" the Souf/j &-^j&Round the mrlJ. u5 l\ lie prodi:encd to be wounded, they burned the part afteded, and afterwards anointed it with but- ter. They buried their dead in caves ; and it the de- t eafiil was a man of wealth, they interred him in his rlosths, and put a board at his feet, and the pole he ufi'd to travel with at his fidc; and, in order to pre- vent his being devoured by ravens, they clofed thc Vnouth of the cave with Hones. Murder and theft were thc only crimes for which thcv mfliik'di:or})oraI puniihment. The murderer was put to tleath in the fame manner as he had killed the dci eafed ; and thc thief, for thc firft offence, was pti- milled with the lofs of one of his eyes, and tor the fe- I oml. (if thc other. This was done that he might not fee to Ileal any more. The office of executioner on thclc oi'cafions, was performed by a particular perfon lir apart tor that pur[)ofc. A» to their religion, they worihtppcd two deities, gno Iff whom was male, thc other female ; the male was named Kraoranzan, and was the objed of thc men's adoration ; thc other, worthip(>ed by the women, was called Moneylw. They had no images, or vilible rc- prcfcntations of thefe deities ; nor did they ever facri- ili c to them, but only prayed to them in their neccf- litie*, as when they wanted rain to bring up the grafs for thc fubliftence of their cattle, ike. The natives prcccnded, that when the gods were inclined to do thcingood, they came to the ifland, and alighted on two great rocks, which are in a place to which they •f^avc thc name of Ventayca, where they received the piiitions of the pcopK-, and afterwards returned to thtircclcftial abode ; thefe rocks arc now called by the Spaniards Los Antilles de los Antiques, or the hills of the aiitients. Wc lliall now give a particular defcription of thc piefcnt natives of Canaria, Tcneriffp, Palma, Goniera, aiij lerro, with an account of their i^rfons, drefs, &c. previous to which it will be neceffary to obfervc, that the defcendants of this mixed nation are~at prcfent de- noriiinated Spaniards, whofe language is tliat of thc Callilian, which thc gentry fp^ak in })crfccHon; but tlic pcafant;>, in the remote parts of the illands, in an almoft unintelligible manner, fo that they are fcarcdy underftood by iTrangcrs. The greatcft part of thc natives are fmall of ftaturc well made, and have good features ; but they arc nioio fwarthy than the inhabitants of the foujihern parts ui Spain; their eyes, however, arc fine, large, ami fpark- ling, and their countcnancis exceedingly exprclli\c. but the old people have a very difagrecable afpeCt. I'co'. pie of diltindion wore in common a camblet cloak (jf a dark red or black colour, a linen night-cap, bordered with lace ; and a broad flouched hat. When tlny pay vifits, a coat, Avord, and white peruke arc addiii, thc latter of which forms a very odd contrail to their duflty complexions, and what is ftill more lingular, they keep their large douched hat upon their heads always in tnc houfe ; but w hen they are out of doors, the. carry them under their arm. Neither do they put oii their perukes, upper coats, or fwords, but when tlicy walk in procelTion, pay fonnal vifits, or go to church, on high feftivals. The lower clafs of people wear their own black, budiy hair, and cuck fonie of it behind the right ear ; and their principal ganncnt is a white Ion'": coat w ith a friar's cape, and girded round the middle with a fath. This garment is long and narrow, ami made of thc wool ot their own flicep. Women of inferior rank wear a i)iccc of gauze on their heads, which falls down the Ihoulders, is pinr.i! under the chin, and covers thc neck and bread. A part of their drefs is a broad-brimmed flouched hy,, but they ufe this with more propriety than the men ; t t abroad they wear it upon their heads, whereby their faces arc fcrcened from the fcorching bcanu of the li;;,. They throw a mantle over their Ihoulders, the goodruu of which is in proportion to thc conditionofthe wciinr They wear jackets inllead of flays, ami are ajl \ii. fond of a great number of petticoats. The princij il ladies of (Jrand Canaria and Tcncriffc diefs after thc fafliion of France and England, and pay vifits in th.i- riots ; but none walk thc ftrccts without being vaikd, though fome arc fo carclefs in thc ufe of their vails, tlu: they take care to let their faces and necks Ik fcen. .Sonc ladies have their hair curioufly plaitetl, and fallemd id the crown of their head with a gold comb. 1 her mantles arc very rich, and they wear a [irotiilioii ot jewels ; but they render their appearance i idiculou.s to flrangers, from that clumfinefs ot drefs, andaukwaid' nefsof gait, which is obfervable in both fexes. Ihe |H)orcr fort of people are affliiitcd with many loathfbmcdiforders, and are naturally very lilthy j tl;c gentry, however, affcitt great delicacy. IJoth fexes p) every morning to hrarmafs; and mofl of them go be- fore they take any rcfreflmicnt. Their breaktal! a ufually chocolate : they dine at noon : and Ihut up the detween them Ix'ing the briadth of the woinsof the houfe. The court-yard, vhirh is on the Infide, is large or fiiiall according to the iize of the building, and is ufiially paved with flags, pebbles, or Dthtr ftoiies. In the centre of the court is a fquare or tr'rcuhir ftonc-wall about four feet high, filled w ith earth, lin which are coniinonly planted oriiigc, banana, or lotl-.cr trees common in thefe pans. The lower llory of icaoli quarter of the houfe confifts entirely of ftore- jrooMis, or cellars. The ftairs leading to the fccond Iftory ufually begin at the right or left hand corner of [the entrance of the court, and confift of two flights of fltcp'^-, which lead into the gallery, from which one in\a) enter any rootii on the fccond ftory. The princi- pal apartments are generally in that quarter of the houfe facing the ftreet, which contains a hall with an apart- : mcnt at each end. Thefe rooms arc the whole breadth lot" the ([uarter, and the hall is twice the length of any 1 of the a[)artinents at its extremities. The windows of tlu fe rooms are formed of wooden lattices, curioufly w roujiht ; none of them looking inwards to the court ; liiit dicy are all in the outfide wall. Some great houfes h.(\e halronie.? in the middle of the front, on the out- IJdc above the gate, equal with the floor of the fccond l!<)ty; and fomc have a gallery which runs from one t,)d of the front to the other, but the outlidc of the houfe has feldom any. They white wafli all the apart- ir.^'nr^ ; and thofe at the extremities of the great halls, Kith fomc of the reft, are lined with fine mats about fi.e k'ct high, and the floor is fomctimcs covered with I hi- f.iine. The fides of the windows of all the rooms iiic Jiiu-d with boards to prevent people's cloaths being "liitencd; for they commonly fit in the window, there li viiig benches on each fide of" it for that purpofe ; and when the maftcrof the houfe intends to ftiew aftranger relpcc^, he always conduds him to the window, to con- Mrfe with him. Ihe great hall, and the walls of fome <)t the apartments, are hung with paintings, rcprcfent- mp;the virgin, the twelve ajjonies, faints, and martyrs, ulually drawn as large as life, and diftinguiflied by fome circiimlVance of thtir hiftory. Thus St. Peter is ufually repiefcntcd looking at acock and weeping, and a great bunch of keys always hangs at his girdle. St. AnUiony preaching to the filhcs, is tine of their favourite paint- wigs. 'I heir beds have feldom anv curtains, for thefe tiny confidcr as rccaptaclcs for fleas ^d bugs, which No. 1 4, abound hete extremely. They chiefly ufc matraflcs fpread on the floor upon fine mats; befidcs the flicets, there is a blanket and above that a filk quih. The ftieets, pillows, and quilt are frequently fringed or pinked, like the flirouds ufcd for the dead wrh us. There is a place, in a j: articular apartment, raifcd a ftep highertrian the floor, covered w ith mats or carpets ; and there the women generally fit together upon curtii- ons, both to receive vifits from their own fcx, and give diredions concerning their houlhold aft'airs. The houfes of the peafants and lower fort of people,though only one ftory high, are built of ftone and lime, and the roofs either thatched or tiled. Thefe arc generally neat, clean, and commodious. Indeed there is but little dirf or duft inthcfciflandsto makethem uncleanly; for the ground is moftly rocky, and feldom wet, from the almoft continual fine weather. The deportment of the natives is grave, but at the fame time tempered with great quicknefs and fcnfibi- lityithe women, in particular, are remarkable for their fprightlinefs, and vivacity of their converfation, which is faid greatly to exceed that of the Englifti, French, or northern nations. The great families in thefe iilands would be highly offended ftiould anyone tell them, they are defccnded from the Moors, or even from the an- cient inhabitants of thefe iflands ; yet it would not per- haps be difficult to prove, that moft of their cuftoms have been handed down to them from thofe people. The gi'ntiy boaft much of their birth, and indeed that they are defccnded from the bcft families in Spain, there is nn reafon to lioubt. Tl'cy have the iitmoft contempt for the employment of a butcher, taylor, miller, or porter. It is not in- deed veiy furpnfing, that they fliould not have any great edeem for the profeflion of a butcher, or that the employment of a taylor fliould be confidered as fome- what ton elfeminate for a man; but it is diflicult to imagine why millers and porters (Iwuld be defpifed, efpecially the former ; but it mufl be confidered, that the miller/i here are generally efteemed great thieves ; and as the maftcr of every family fends his own corn to be ground, unltfs it be narrowly watched, the miller will take too much toll. It is faid that when any crimi- nal is to fuffer death, and the executioner happens to be out of the way, the officers of jufticc have the power of feizing the firft butcher, miller, orporterthey can find, and of obliging him to difcharge that office ; fuch is their diflike to perfbns of thefe occupations. Mr. Glafs, once touching at the ifland of (7omera to procure frcfli wMter, hired fome poor ragged fifliermcn to (ill the water cafks, and bring them on board ; but fome time after, going to the watering place to fee w hat t)rogivfs they had made, he found the cafks full, and all ready for rolling down to the beach, with the filhermen ftanding by, and talking together, as if they had nothing farther to do. He reprimanded them for their lazinels in not difpatching the bufinefs in which he had employed them ; when one of them, with a dif- dainful air, replied, " What do you take us to be. Sir? " Do you imagine we are porters .' No, Sir, we are fea- " men." Notwithftanding all his intrcaties and pro- mifes of reward, he was unable to prevail upon any of th m to roll the caflc to the water fide ; but was at laft ooliged to hire porters, to do the bufinefs. But the gentry of thefe iflands, though for the moft part poor, yet arc extremely polite and well bred, the very pea- fants and labounng people have a confidcrablc Ihare of good manners, with little of that furly rufticity which is too common among the lower clafs of people in England ; yet they do not feem to be abafhcd in the prefencc of their fupcriors. A beggar afks charity of a gentleman, by faying, " For the love of God, Sir, " pleafe to give me half a rial ;" and if the other gives him nothing, he returns, " For the love of God, I beg your worftiip's pardon," and then departs. The common people and fervanti here are much ad- didled to private pilfering, for which they arc ufually punifhed by being difchargcd the fervicc, beaten, or imprifoned for a (hort time. Highway robberies are fel- dom or ever known ; but murder is more common ^ G than ii8 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. L i than in EnglanJ ; and they have no notion of duels, for they cannot inmgine that becaufe a man haa the courage to fight, he thereby atones for the injury done to another, or that it ought to give hin> a right to do him a greater. When the murderer has killed a man, he Hies to a church for refuge, till he can find an op- portunity to cfcape to another ifland; and if he had been greatly provoked or injured by the deceafed, and did not kill him defigncdly, every body w ill be ready to adift him to efcape, except the near relations of the perfon who has loll hia life ; yet quarrels are far from being frequent here, which may be owing to the want of taverns and other public houfes, their polite beha- viour, the little intorcourfe there is between them, and their temperance in drinking. Perfons of tlie lower clafs never fight in public, but if one perfon puts ano- ther into a violent paflion, the injured party, if able, takes his revenge in the bcft: manner he can, till he thinks he has had fatisfaflion, without any regard to the equity of the method he ufes tor this puqwfe. The inhabitants of the Canary illands are in gene- ral extremely temperate; or at leafl, if they arc other- wife, it is in priva.c only ; for nothing can be a greater difgracc there, thai to be fccn drunk ; and a man who can be proved a drunkard, is not permitted to give evi- dence, or take hi;, oath, in a court of judicature. Hence thofe that r.re fond of liquor, intoxicate them- felves in their chan\bers, and then lie down, in order to lleep till they are 'bbcr. Thofe of all ranks in thefe iflands are cxtremt'y amorous ; but their notions of love are pretty fnigi.lar; which may perhaps be attri- buted to the want of innocent freedom between the fexcs. However, they do not feem to be inclined to jealoufy, any more than the Engliflt or French. It is ufual lor young people here to fall in love at fight ; and if the parties .igree to marry, but fuid their parents averfe to their union, they complain to the curate of the pariih, who goes to the houle where the girl lives, and endeavours to pcrfuade them to agree to her mar- riage ; but if they ret'ufe to content to their union, he takes her away before their faces, without their being able to hinder him, and either places her in a convent, or with fome of her relations, where Ihe muft remain till they confent to her marriage. VVc have been in- formed that a lady will Ibmetimes fend a man an oiler of her perfon in an honourable way j if he declines it, he keeps the matter fecrct till death, fliould he do othcruife. he would be looked upon by all peo|)le in the moll defpicablc light. Young men are not allowed to court the youth of the other lex without an intention to mat ry them ; for if a woukui can prove that a man has, in any inllance, enileavoured to engage her allec- tions, Ib.e can oblige him to marry her. This, like many other good laws, is abulcd ; (or loofe women taking advantage of it, frequently lay fiiares to entrap the limple and vmwary ; and fometinics wonhlefs young men. form defigns \ipim the l()rtunes of ladies, without having the leart regard for their perl()ns : there are not, however, many mercenary jovers in tin. part of the world, their notions in general being too refined and romantic to admit the itiea of that paliion being made fubfervient to their ambition or intercrt; and yet there are more unhappy marri.iges here than in the countries where innocent freedoms being allowed between the fexcs, lovers are not fo blinded by their pallions, as not to perceive the frailty and inipei fictions of their mitlrefles. On the death of a man's wife, it is ufual for fome of his relations to come to his houfe, and re- lide with him for fome time, in order to divert his grief ?nd do not leave him till another relation comes to relieve the (irll, the (ircond is relieved by a third, and thus they fucceed each other for the fpace of a year. Each of the Canary itlands, as well as every town and family, hath a |)eculiar tutelary funt tor its patron, whofc day is celebrated as a fertival, by a ferinon preached inhonour of the faint, and a lervice fuited to the occalion. On thefe days, the llreet near the church is (trewed with flowers and leaves, a multitude of wax candles are lighted, and a confiderablc number of (ire- works played off. 4 A kind of fair is generally held on the eve ol tluK^ felHvals, to which the people of the adjacent (onni, refort, and fpend the greatell part of the night in niiril, and dancing to the found of the guittar, accompaiiini with the voices not only of thofe who play on tli;it m- ftrumcnt, but by thofe of the dancers. Thedaiia, pr.adifed here are fambands and folias, which are ll(i,v dances J thofe which are quick aie the canario, tii|. ufcd by the Canarians ; the fandango, which is chicHy pradilcd by the vulgar ; and the rapetes, which nearly refemblcs our hornpipe. Some of thefe dancers pu, be termed dramatic, as the men fing verfes to tlur partners, who anfwer them in the fame manner. M, i (if the natives of thefe illands can play on the guitti: and they have in general excellent voices. For the entertainment of the populace, plays an ac'lcd in the llreets, at the featls of the tutelar (iiinti <» Teneriffe, Canaria, and Pal ma ; but the perdiiriiu;. cannot be fuppofed to rife to any degree ot perfeciicm, as they are not profcflcd aclors, and only (bme of i!,; inhabitants of the place fecin to have a natural turn t..i ading. The gentry frequently take the air on horfeback ; |v- when the ladies are obliged to travel, they ride en a!k and inftead ofafaddle, they ufe a kind of chair, w hich they fit very commodioufly. The principal lo.i,: are paved with pebble^ftones, like thofe ufcd in i. ■ rtrcetsof London. There are a few chariots in Cm; ria, the town of Santa Cruz, and the city of Ljgu;,, in Teneriffe ; thefe are .all draw n by mules, but thev .1: kept rather tor (hew than ufe ; tor the roadsare not piM per for wheel carriages, l)eing (leep and nxky. I ;i lower clafs of people divert themfelves with d.iui 1; ., tinging, and playing on the guittar; likewili- w.i'i throwing a ball through a ring placed at a great il.l. tance, cards,w refiling, andquoits. The ()eafants,])ai:;i v.. larly thofe of Gomera, have the an of leaping lio!;! rock to rock when they travel, which is thus jjcifonn- cd : the long rtatf or jwlc ufcd on thefe occafions, h,n an iron fpikeat the end of it, and when a man wants to defcend from one nKk to another, he aims the point of the pole at the place w here he intends to alight, ami then throws himfelf towards it, pitching -he end of the pole fo as to bring it to a perpendicular, and then llidcs down it to the rock on which he fixed it. In the convents, children are taught reading, wri- ting, Latin, arithmetic, logic, and other branches ot philofophy. 'Ihe fcholars read the claflics ; but tl. Oreek is never taught here, and is entirely unknown even to the Ihidents in divinity. They are pariu ,;- larly fond of civil law and logic, but the latter is chiei'.y preferred. The people belonging to thefe illands have a genu s' forpoetiv, and com|X)(e verfes of different m«aliiii , which they fet to mulic. Some of their fongs, aiiil | other poetical pieces, would be greatly ellcemed in a country where tallc ft)r poetry prevails. Few c)f thole books called profane (to difiinguith them from thdic of a religious kind) arc read here, fince they cannot be imported into the ifland without being tirll exaiiiiik>l by the inquitition ; a court which nobody cares to h.iv,' any concern with. The hiftory of the wars in Ciranuli is in everybody's hands, and is read by people ol ;iil ranks ; they have alio fome plays, moll of w hich arc very gocxi. Thomas a Kempis, and the Devout I'll- grini, are in every library, and much .admired, lint the books moil read by the laity are the Lives ot the .Saints and Martyrs, which may be confidered :l .1 kind of religious romances, llutltii with legends, ai;J the moltabUird and improbable (lories. With rcfpect to the civil government of the in.i.i 1 of Canaria, Teneriffe, and Palma, which arc called 11 king's iflands, it will be proper to obferve, in the 1;' place, that the natives, on their fubmitting tothn rou:i of Spain, were fo tar from being depriveil of the.i 1 - bcrty, that they were put on an equality with their ^cn- querors, in which the Spaniards fliewed great wildoni and poli( y ; but how they came afterwards to act m 1 quite contrary manner in .\merica, is hard to deter- mine ; pcrhap< tlicy might be apprehenfivc, that li the )■ pru- Jm r E. icld on tlic cvc ol tlul^. of the adjacent (:ollnil^. art of the night iiunirth c guittar, accompaniij lb who play on tliat m. dancers, 'llic Jaiicci folia'i, which arc |](nv ; an the canario, 11,)^ iango, which is chicHy c rapetcs, which nearly of thcfc dancers may icn fing verfcs to tluir K- fame manner. .M,,|f an pKiy on the guittar :nt voices. ' If populace, plays arc of the tutelar fai'm; ol 1; but the perlornicu y degree of pcrftvtidii, , and only fomc of ih; < have a natural turn lor caironhorfeback; Kit ravel, they ride on a(K ,, lie a kind of chair, n ly. The principal ioa,U like thole ufed in th? few chariots m Cani d the city of Lij^uiu I by mules, but they arc ir the roads are not jiro- leep and nnky. I he emlilves with dim ii.g, c;uittar; likcwifc wnh placed at a j-jcat .l,f. . I'hepcafants, pajticu. e art of leajiing lioin which is thus j>erfoi 111- )n thefe occalions, hii nd when a man wants tiler, he aims the point e inten.ls to alight, ami pitching -he end of the liicular, and then llidci fixed it. taught reading, wri- and other branches of I the dallies ; but the 1 is entirely unknoun y. They are panim- biit the latter is chicHy ; illands have a gcniiu of dilVerent nual'iiiis iic of their fongs, aiiil greatly elteemed \n a )revails. I-'ew of tiioic uilli them from tlidlc ere, fince ihey caiintit ut being lirrt exaiiiincl 1 nobody cares to hav,- if the warsinCiranail.! read by people ol ail ys, moll of which arc and the Devout I'll- much .idmired. i!i:t lity are the Livi s i ; nay be confidernl ,i i fell with legend^, ail Tories. rnment of the ilia 1 1, a, w hich arc called lii- to obferve, in the lull ibmitting tothcciouii I? deprived of their ii- quality with their c on- i lliewt'd great wililuiii afterwards to act in a rica, is hard to deter- jrehenfivc, that il they pru- '%. cook's second VOY A(; F,— for making Difcoveries in the SoutA Seas & Round the irorU. 1 1 9 Locceded with too much rigour againit them at lirlV, Ihey might in time be induced to fliake oft the yoke, ind difpoflefs their tyrannical mafters, which we arc Informed, by late events, has proved to be the cafe in Bouth America, as the folhwing piece of intelligence, bubliflied in September 1782, announces : " You have fepcatedly heard it reported, that there was a rebellion In Chili and Peru, in South America ; and though the Bpaniards do all they can to keep =•■ a fecrct, 1 can af- fure you, from undoubted authority, that all the mines In Peru and the city of Pez, which is fituated in the Interior part of the country, where they lodged their bars of gold and filver, and other valuables, arc taken From them, and there were one hundred and fifty mil- Bions of piaftrcs taken out of the ftrong chclls. 1 he na- kives will very fiwn h;ivc the whole country in their pol- fclTion, for they deftroy every white man, woman, and f-hild, and even kill every one begot between a Spa- niard and a native." But to return. After the con- nueO of the Canary Iflands, the Spaniards incorpo- fated with the natives in fuch a manner as to become pnc people with them, and in confequence of this po- litical union, the king of Spain is able to raifc in thefe Iflands more foldicrsand feamen than in any other part Df his dominions of three times their extent. The al- pade, who is a juftice of peace, is the loweft ofliccr ixcept the alguazils ; there is one of them in every town or village of note. Thefe magillratcs arc ap- Lointcd by the royal audience of the city of Palmas, In Canaria ; they hold their places only for a certain lime, and, in cafes of property, can take cognizance of no difputcs where the valueof what is contended forex- fcceds fevcntcen rials, or feven fliillings rterling. Over Iheremagiflratcs is the alcadc major, who is appointed in the fame manner at the other, and cannot decide .niy Cafe relating to property, that exceeds the fmnof two Jlundred dollars. From the decifion of thofe magif- trates, appeals lie to the tinicntc and corrcgidor : the "jfirlt of whom is a la.vyer, and nominated by the royal hudienccj but the latter, who is appointed by the King, is not obliged to be a lawyer, yet mull have a fe- cretary, clerk, orallillant bred to the law. Thccorre- jidor generally holds his place five years, snd fomc- limes longer. Few of the natives enjoy this honour- ible ofticc, which is commonly filled by Spaniards. The proceedings of the corrcgidor's court, and in that of the tinicnte, arc the fame j thefe courts fecming to have been originally intended as a check upon each kther. Appeals are made from the corrcgidor and ti- AJente to the royal audience of Grand Canaria ; a tri- bunal compofed of three oidores, or judges, a regent, jnd filial, who aie ufually natives of Spain, and are always appointed by the king. The governor-general §sprefident of this court, though he relides in Tenc- Iritte. In criminal caufes there is no appeal from their determination j but appeals are carried to the council or audience of Seville in Spain, in matters refpedting property. In the Canary Iflands, the (landing forces amount loiilv to about an hundred and fifty men; but there is a Iriilitia of which the governor-general of the illand is always commander in chief, and the olFicers, as colo- Ircls, captains, and fubalterns, are appointed by the Iking. There arc alio go\ernors of forts and caftles, [fome of which are appointed by the king, and others |.by tiie twelve regidors of the iflands, called the cavildo j Ifome of the forts belong to the king, and the reft are [under the diredion of the regidors, or fub-governors, [who alfo take care of the repair of the highways, pre- [ vent nuifances, and the plague from being brought into ; the ifland by fliipping ; for no man is allowed to land in thefe iflands from any (hip, till the mafler produces a bill of health from the lall port, or till the crew have been examined by the proper ollicers. The royal re- venue arifes from the following articles: a third of the tithes, which fcarcely amounts to a tenth part of them, the clergy appropriating almofl the whole to thcm- felvcs. This third part was given by the pope to the king of Spain, in conlideiation of his maintaining a perpetual war againft the infidels. The fecond branch conflfts in the monopoly of tobacco and fnulf, which the king's officers fell on his account, no other ptrfon3 being allowed to deal in thofe articles. Another branch of the revenue arifes from the orchilla-wced, all of which in the iflands of Tcnerirte, Canaria, ami I'aliiia, belong to the king, and is part of his revenue ; bur the orchilla of the other iflands belongs to their reljiec- tive proprietors. The fourth branch conlills of the ac- knowlcdgment annually paid by the nobility to the king for their titles, which amounts to a mere tiillo. The fifth branch is a duty of feven per cent, on imports and exports: and the lixth duty on the Canary Weft India commerce. All thefe branches, the fixth ex- cepted, arc faid not to bring into the king'.-; treafury above fifty thoufand pounds per annum, clear of the , expences of government, and all charges relating thereto. \ laving departed from Madeira on the i fl of Augufl, on the 9th wc crofled the Tropic of Cancer, and at nine in the morning came in fight of Honavifla, bear- ing S. VV. by W. about two leagues. This day Capt. Cook made from the infpifl'atcd juice of malt three puncheons of beer. 'I'hc proportion of water to juice was ten of the former to one of the latter. Wc had on board nineteen half barrels of infpiflatcd juice, iifteen of which were made from wort that had been hopped before it was infpi Hated. This you may mix with cold water, in a [KojKiition of one part of juice to eight of water, or one part to twelve j then flop it down, and in a few days it will be brifk and fit to drink ; but the firll fort, after having been mixed as above direcied, will require to be fermented w ith yeall, in the manner as is done in nuiking beer ; however, we found this not always nccclfary, as wc at firrt imagined. This juice v>...ild be a molt valuable article at fca, could it be kept from fermenting, which it did at this tiiv.e by the heat of the we.^tiicr, and the agitation of the Ihip, that all our endeavours to flop it were in vain. On Monday the loth we pafTed the ifland of Mayo, on our flarboard lide, and at two P. M. came to an anchor, eighteen fathom water, in Port Prayu, in the ifle of St. Jago, one of the Cape de Verds. An of- ficer was fent on fliore for leave to procure what refrelh- ments we wanted, which was readily granted ; and on his return we faluted the fort with eleven guns. Here both fliips were fupplicd with plenty of good water. We alfo recruited our live flock, fuch as hogs, goats and poultry, Ibme of which continued alive during the re- mainder of the voyage. The Cape dc Verd iflands are fituated in i4deg. 10 min. N. latitude, and 16 deg. 30 min. W. lon- gitude. They were fo called from a cape of the fame name oppofite to them, and were difcovcred by Anthony Noel, a Gcnoefe, in the fervice of Portugal, in the year 1 640, and are about twenty in number; but fome of them are only barren uninhabited rocks. The cape took its name from the perpetual verdure with w hich it is covered. The Portugueze give them the name of Les Uhas dc Verdes, either from the verdure of the cape, or clfe from an herb called fargaflo, which is frcen, and floats on the water all rountl them. His 'ortuguefe majelty appoints a viceroy to govern them, whoconflantly relides in the ifland of St. Jago. The Dutch call them the Salt Iflands, from the great quan- tities of that commodity produced in feveral of tiiem. The principal of thefe are, 1. May, or Mayo ; 2. San Jago, or Saint James's ; \. Sal or Salt; 4. Huena, or Bono Vifta, or Good Sight; 5. St. Philip's, otherwife called Fucgo, or the ifland of Fire ; 6. St. John, or San Juan; 7. St. Nicholas; 8. St. Vincent; 9. St. .Anthony; lO. St. Lucia ; 1 1 . 13rava. Their foil is very llony and barren ; the climate exceeding hot, and in fome of them very unwholefbme ; however, the principal part of them are fertile, and produce various forts of grain and fruits, particularly rice, maiz, or Indian wheat, ba- nanas, lemons, citrons, oranges, pomegranates, cocoa- nuts, and figs. They have alfo calavanes, a fort of pulfc like French beans, and - rcat cjuantities of pump- kins, on which the inhabitants chiefly fubfill. They produce alfo two other fruits of a remarkable nature, VIZ. 1 -v ;"-'-A'JI 1 20 Capt. COOK 8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 1,/ m i. i' viz. the cuftard apple, and the papah. The former of thcfe is as large as a pomegranate, and nearly of the fame Colour. The outfide huflc, fliell, or rind, is in fubdance and thicknefs between the (hell of a pomegra- nate and the peel of a Seville orange, fofter than the former, yet more brittle than the latter. Tfie coat or rind is alfo remarkable for being covered yvith fmall regular knobs or rifings; and the infide of the fruit is fuU of a white foft pulp, which in its form, colour and taftc, greatly rcfembles a cuftard, from whence it rc- ccivea its name, Mhich was probably iirft given it by the Europeans. It has in the middle a few fmall black ftoncs, but no core, for the whole of it is entire pulp. The tree that bears this fiuit is ab 1 (inefs during the fealbn : they rake it together, ,.: i wheel it out of the pond in baritiws, from whence tli, , convey it to the (ea-flde on the backs of affi s, wli. ; animals are very numerous here. The pond is n above half a mile from the landing-place; fo that t:i. . go backwards and forwards many times in the ilav , but they reflrain themfelves to a certain number, wlik they feldom exceed. 'I'hcrearc feveral forts of fowl, particularly flam 11 goes, curlews, and Guiney hens. Their chief cattle .11, cows, goats, and hogs, which are reckoned the bell in all the Cape de Verd iflands. Befides the fruits ab.i. mentioned, they have cakiwnes f.nd pumpkins, win !. arc the common food of the inhabitants. The T E. fll'S, fhccp, mules, iov\ uropean iliips bound iht take in frclh water aii,| *'ays plentifully fupplii;,!, in the fca, particularly lappers, filvcrfidi, ^,; tic, that fcvcral forcip nii in the wet liar,,,, eggs in the fand, m hi(4, : heat of the fun. i h,. s as great a fuppiy tothi> "ilh is to Europe. '\\ nd catch the turtles, b, th poles; tor they arcfu » their hands; iropean families, aJ! oi olic religion. The na. like their African ncl"h. )ofed to be defcnulal ; c Ponuguc/.e, theirow.', long tht-ni. Uotlmiin iimhtd, and tliev arc in ifpolition. Their drcij . John) is vrrv triliitio, ton cloth wound romrj nus tlirow it over il.f llioulders. Neither i'a on certain fclnvals. if wcarinij l)rcechl^, n h.ippy if they haxebu: they ever ti) rjgncj. obtained iis naine fidin i of that nioiuh. h ii aritude, near ;^oo iiiilf* 17 miles in cireiim. \ery barren, and v.atir ty of cows, goats, .1- I Ix)latocs and plant.i " . ies of the hills, and ihc is and figs. The la fith andturile. 'Ihcrc in moll of the othors, a •iy jwrous, of a gr(v;!h <, and lorms fometluiv is a fand-bank that rur,i lore, within which is j •mpadl-d by the lanj. The whole falt-poiid s ilfa mile wide; l«ii ihc dry. The north cm', Iter, produces fait 'Vuin IS bcmg ihe dry feafdii :his fait out oi' the lui, , and the cjuantit) that the height ol the iul(5: ■ gentle, but when th; in ahumlanrc. If tlnro e lludi of water co- ,^ )or three days after ;: ics till a frefl'i fup, |. m irain. A confider.uiic l'".nglilh,andthcarimd :an commerce, alloni :)teCtion. The inhahi- oniployed in this li - rake it together, and ws, from whence tluv ■ backs of afHs, wh.,'i ■c. The pond is nm ng-placc; f» that tlu. ny times in the dav ; certain number, whiJi 1, particularly Hamin- Their chief cattle arc e reckoned the bell ia fides the fruits ab.jiu- ■ind pumpkins, wliih >innts. Thf cook's second voyage — for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the World. 1 2 1 frhc inhabitants of this ifland live in three fmalj |wns, the principal of which is called Pmiont, and intai'ns two churches, with as many pricRs ; the other called St. John, and has one church ; and the third, lich has a church alfo. is called Lagos. The houfes . very mean, fmall, and low ; they are built with the jod of the fig tree (that being the only one fit for the irpofe that grows on the ifland) and the rafters are »dc of a fort of wild cane which grows here. The Portuguefe governor of St. Jago grants the pa- int to the negro governot of this ifland, whofc fitua- m is tolerably advantageous, as every commander It lades fait here is obliged to compliment him with refent. He fpends moft of his time with the Eng- .1 in the falting feafon, which is his harveft, and a iry bufy time with all the natives Thcfc people have )t any veilels of their own, nor do any Portugueze iiips come hither, fo that the Englilh are the chief on (honi they depend for trade ; and though they are fub- Ss of Portugal, they have a particular ef\ecin for the iglifh nation. AlTcs arc alfo a great commodity of Ac hcpj ; and are lb plentiful, that fevcral European lips from Barbadocs and other plantations, come an- lally to freight with them to carry thither. The ifland of St. Jago, or St. James's ifland, is tuated about four leagues to the weftward of Mayo, itween the iftb and i6th deg. N. lat. and in the 23d ' W. long. This ifland is the moft fruitful and beft ihabited of all the Cape de Verd iflands, notwithfland- Ig it is very mountainous, and has a great deal of irren land in it. The principal town is called after le name of the ifland, and is lituated in 15 deg. N. ;itude. It f\andsagainrt the fides of two mountains, .'tween which there is a deep v-Uey two hundred yards jde, that nins within a fmall fpacc of the fea. In iat part of the valley next the fea is a draggling ftreet, -with houfes on each fide, and a rivulet of water in the ittom, which empties itfelf into a fine cove or fandy ly, where the fea is generally veiy fmooth, fo that ips ride there with great fafety. A fmall tort flands •ar the landing place from this bay, where a guard is inllantly kept, and near it is a battery mounted with few fmall cannon. The town of St. John contains about three hundred lufes, all built of rough llone, and it has one fmall ihiiah and a convent. The inhabitants of the town in general very jioor, having but little trade. Their ihief manufacture is llriped cotton cloth, which the Portuguefe ihips purchafe of them, in their way to Braiil, and fupply them with feveral European commo- :^ities in return. % A tolerable large town is on the eaft fide of the ifland, lied I'raya, where there is a good port, which is fel- mi without lliips, eipecially in peaceable times. Moft if th« European lliips bound to the Eaft Indies touch It this port to take in water and provifions, but they jldom flop hereon their return to Europe. The town (f Pra\a does not contain any remarkable building.cx- :ept a fort, tituateii on the top of a hill, which com- landsthe harbour. When the I'Vropean Ihips are here, le country people bring ilown their commoilitics to illiothe feamenand paffcngcis; thefe aiticKs gene- »lly conlift of bullocks, hogs, gaats, fowls, eggs, ilantains, and cocoa-iuits, which they exchange for liirts, drawers, handkcichiefs, hats, waiftcoats, breeches, id linen of any kind. The port of Praya, a finall bay, is fituatcd about the liddle of the fouch fide of the ifland of St. Jago, in latitude of 14 deg. 53 min. -^o fee. N. and 23 deg. jO min. W. longitude. It is difcovcrcd, efpecially in :oniing in from the eaft, by the fouthermoft hill on the ifland, and which lies well from the port. The entrance jf the bay is formed by two points, rather low, being W. S. W. and E. N, E. half a league from each other. Near the weft point art funken rocks, whereon the fl-a Ijcontinually breaks. The bay lies in N. W. about half P» league. We watered at a well, behind the beach, at the head of the bay. The water is fcarcc, but it is Idifficult to get it abiiard, on account of a great furf on Itl^c beach. The rcfrcfliineius ^o be procured iierc will No. 1 4. be found in the courfe of our account of the iflands. Other articles may be purchafed of the natives in ex- change forold cloaths, &c. Bullocks can only be bought with money; the price twelve Spanifh dollars per head, weighing between 250 and 300 pounds ; but the fale nt them is confined to a company of merchants, to whom this privilege is granted, and who keep an agent refidiiig on the fpot. The bay is protected by a tort well fitu- ated for the purpofe of defence. The complexion of the natives of this town and St. Jago inclines to black, or is at leaft of a mixed colour, except fome ii:\s of the better fort that relide in the latter, among whom are the governor, the bilhop, and fon;e of the padres (fathers) or priefts. The people of St. Jago town, as they live under the governor's eve, aiv pretty orderly, though generally very poor, having lit- tle trade; but thofe about Praya are naturally of a thievifli difpofition, fo that (hangers who deal with them mull be very careful, for if they fee an opjiortu- nity, they will Ileal their goods, and runaway. Sal, or Salt, is ihc windwardmofl of all the Cape ile Verd iflands, and is lituated in the 17th deg. of is. lat. and 5 deg. 18 min. W. long, from the C ape. It re- ceived this name from the great quantity ot fait natu- rally produced herefrom fait water, that from time to time overtlo.vs part of the land, which is mollly low, having only five hills, and ftrctches from north to foi:t!i about eiprht or nine leagues, but it does not exceed one league and a half in breadth. In this illand are only a few people. Thefe live in wretched huts near the fea- fide, and arc chiefly employed in gathering fait for tlnifi- fhips that occafionally call here for that article. The bell account of this barren ifland is given us by Capt. Roberts, who landed here, and relates the fol- lowing flory, which he fays he was told by one of the blacks that refided in it. " About the year 1705, not long before I went afliore, the ifland was intirely de- ferted for want of rain by all its inhabitants except one old man, who refolved to die on it, which he did the fame year. The drought had been fo extreme for fome time, that moft of the cows and goats died for want of fuftenancc, but rain following, they increafed apace, till about three years after they were again reduced by a remarkable event. A French fhip coming to fifli for turtle, was obliged, by ftrefs of weather, or from fome other caufe, to leave behind her thirty blacks, w hich the had brought from St. Antonio to carry on the fiftiing. Thefe people, finding nothing elfe, fed moftly on wild goats, till they had dertroyed them all but two, one male and the other female ; thefe were then on the ifland, and kept generally upon one mountain. A fhort time after an Englifti ftiip (bound for the ifland of .St. Mayo) perceiving the fiuoke of feveral fires, fent their boat on fhore, and thinking they might be fome fhip's company wrecked on the ifland, put in there ; when they underflood the fituation of the people, they commifcrated their cafe, took them all in and'hnded them on the ifland from whence they were brought." The ifland of Buena Vifta, or Bona Villa, thus named from its being thefirft of the Cape de Verd iflands dif- covcrcd by the Portuguefe, is fituated in the 1 6th de- gree of N. lat. two hundred miles W'. of the coaft of Africa, and is twenty miles long, and twelve broad, moftly confifting of low land, with fome fandy hills, and r(x:ky mountains. It produces great quantities of in- digo, and more cotton than all the other Cape de Verd iflands ; yet there is not one of them where there are fewer cotton cloths to be fold : for the natives will not even gather the cotton before a fliip arrives to buy it; nor will the women fpin till they want it. They have, in general, the fame animals as in the other iflands, with plenty of turtle, and many forts of filli. When the Englilh land to take in a lading of fait, they hire men and afles to bring it down to the fea ; for which they pay them in bilcuit.s, flour, and old cloaths. This ifland had alfo formerly a pretty good trade for horfes and afles, which are the beft of all that arc u; on thcfi iflands. The people arc very fond of iilk, wii.h which they work the bofcms of their ftiirts, fhifts, caps, wo- men's waiftcoats, i> thcmlelves) whicli the men har>g over their fhoulders, and wrap round thcr waills, while the women put it over their heaiK, ainl then wrap it about their bodies; and en both ot duiu It extends to the calf of the leg, or lower. 'I'hev uk in lilhing, long canes for rods, cotton line s, aiul hint nails for liooks. As to theirhunting, the governor hav- ing the folc privilege of killing the wild goats, ndiic dare hunt without his content. 'I'his was a law lu.ulo by the Portuguefe when they jKopled thcle illands limi the coaft of Africa, in order to prevent the entire lols of the breed. When a general hunt is appointed by the governor, all the inhanitants arc alFcmbled, and the dogs, whii ii arc between a beagle and a greyhound, arc called. .'\t night, or when the governor thinks proper to put an end to the fport, they all meet together, and he pari> the goats tlcfii between them as he pleafes, fending w hat he thinks proper to his own houle, with all the fkin : and after he comes home, he fends pieces to thole who are old, or were not out a hunting ; and the fkiiis he dillributes amongll them as he thinks their neictlitit; r.quire, referving the remainder of them tor the Iciil of the foil. This is one of the principal privileges en- joyed by the governor ; who is alio the only niagillratc, and decides the little dilierenies that foiiietiiv.es ha] | m among the people. Upon their not fubmittiiig to ihl.i detilion, he confines them till they i!o, in an open [ihni" walled round like a pound; but, inllead of a gati-, they generally lay only a Hick acrofs ilir entranre, ajul thofc innocent people will (lay there without attempt- ing to cfcape, except when overcome by palTion, a:iJ then they rulli out in a rage ; but thefe arc loon caimlit again, tied hand and foot, and a ccniinel let to watc h them, till they agree with their ant.tgonitl, afk thu* gover^ nor's pardon for breaking out of his prifon, and have re- mained there as long as he think; they have dtfcrveil. Nay, if oac kills another, which hardly happens in an - - age, \>:r E T E. 1 in the (I'as abom >• JhuvcniiwrkahL' fli.n:, crahs ami inlicis i,. fiiipldvim-nt (»t till' in- liinitiisof wrecks, ,,r lit: all the l)it$ 01 di ,i iJc hy the heat of tiic cr in :hv holes ol the iiiift lilies lies tivo In; itl f(et a qiiaiuitviiMak reaiell part ot theilai, hecvcniiijT, ami, h;u! n the fait allnif>ht. On them out to dry in li.^ uantccf. grampus, is very com. allirni, that aiiilHi|ji,i I j^reat quantiry ol'anu It this idaiui, but it i; ^t-arsi liclore C'.ipr. Re ; FortugiicTe, who w;ii inic, haviiijr proiuiul among thclc illaiuU; ambergris of an un- nnircilhi:; liberty, mihI his exile was ex['ux\!, ia>ing all < haigi-s, to way of living, .in,l i imbcrgris, is called bv not amount to al-ovc blatk. '1 lu-v ar- the r>f any of the inli;ilii- •iriiifpolition they arc .iritabl-.', humane, ;ui,l t to their ei]uals, rc- ■ C to their I'uperior , >ple \\e.ir in comir^a llrin,"; Iu-Idic, «hiji to lie lame llring W. y alli) wear a piece ot hcmlelves) which the nJ wrap round thd;- )U'r I heir heads, ami and vn both of the i or lower. 'I'hey i:: otton lines, and he:: ig, the go\ernc)r lia\ • he wild gnats, i;..i!- I'his was a lavv inaJc ilcdthcleillands lion rcvcnt the entire loli COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Dijloveries in the F.nuth Sn,s Sc F-ound the m^ '' i z-; lucr ice the covcrr^r can only confine hiin till he has pati- «d'thc rclaticm* of the dcccafcd, by the mediation of lis friends, who arc Iwund for the criminal's appcar- ,ncc in cafe a jiidgc fliould be ever fent from Portugal oexecutejuaicc; but imprifonnknt is here reckoned h a fcandal, that it is as mucl drcAded as Tyburn by criminals here. .^ » -r, , • c About forty five miles from the iflandof Salt is ?5t. i'NicholaS inand,theN. W.point of which is in 17 n. .'.t t«eniy-four minutes, twelve feconds, after (ix o'clock, by Mr. Kendal's watch, the moon rofealwut four digits cilipfed; after which the following obferva- tions were made with different i nil ruments and time- pieces, by our allronomers and others. 5 By Capt. Cook lUvMr. I'oiacr Bv Mr. Wales 15'v Mr. Pickcrfgil Hv Mr. (iiilHit DvMr. Ikrvy h. m. f. with -• ' ^ , f a common refrador. 5 -J J 6 54 57 a quadrant tclefcojK. f' 55 JO a three feet refractor. 6 5.J 24 the naked eye. 6 55 34 a quadrant telcfcopc. Mean 6 54 46^ by the watch. f Watch flow of 7 I api)ari lit time ) -^ ^9 App.urnt nine Ditto 6 58 45, End of the eclipfe. 7 25 00 .\t Greenwich. Dillcrcncc of long, o 26 14, — 6« 33' 30' Longitude from Mr. Wales's Obfcoations. Rythciiioonand(lar,'\quilx> 5" By the ditto &: do. AKlebaran 6 By .Mr Kendal's Watch 5' I Mean 6« 35 1 S3'r Oil Monday the 1 3th, the weather being calm, wc amufcd ourfclvcs with (h(X)ting fea fowl. We were now accompanied by lliccrwatcrs, pintadocs, &c. and by a fiiiallgrey jKtcrel. This lall is lefs than a pigeon, has a gray back, whitifli belly, and a black Uroke acrofs from the tip of one wing to that of the other. Thefc arc fouthern birds, and, we believe, never fecn within the tropics, or north of the line. They vilited us in great flights ; and aljout the fame time we faw feveral animals of the molufca kind, within our reach, to- jjcthcr with a violet-coloured (hell, of a remarkable thin texture, and therefore feems c.ilculated to keep the open fca ; and not to conic near rocky places, it being calily broken. .S.iturday the 17th, wc difcovered a fail to the N. W. which hoiflcd Dutch colours. She kept u» company two days, but on the third wc out-failed her. From the 1 2th to this day, we had the wind between the N. and E. a gentle gale. On Wedncfdaythe 21ft, our latitude was 35 deg. 20 min. S. and our longitude K deg. 4 min. ^6 fee. E. Eroin tJui time to the 23d 1 the wind continued callcrly, when it veered to tli,' N and N. W, After fome hours calm, we faw :i lldir as fome thought, a fea lion. The wind now lixtil ^i N. W. which carried us to our intended port. A . «c drew near to land, the fca tbwl, which had ai(, u ' might, from its height, have been fecn at a much gn atcr dillance. Iriday the 30th, we (lood into Table Bai, with the Adventure in company, and anchored in fi\o fathom water. Wc were now vifited by theiiiaOtr attendant of the fort, fome other ofliccrs belonging to the company, and Mr. Brandt. This l.ill gentleiinn brought oil to us many articles that were very acicp table; and the mafter-attendant, as is cufloniaty, tonk an account of the two (hips, enquiring particularly, :t the linall-pox was on board, a diforder dreadixi abo\c all others by the inhabitants of the cape; for which r^.i- fin a furgeon always attends on thcfe vilits. Tins J.iy dipt. Cook fent an olliccr to wait upon Baron Ficttci-. berg the governor, to inform him of our arrival ; m which he returned a polite anfwer; and on the return ol our ollicer, we falutcd the Ibrt w ith eleven guns, whii h compliment was acknowledged by the fame nunilni The governor, when the captain accompanied by foiic of our gentlemen, waited upon him, told them, th t two Irench (hips (rOin the Mauritius alxjut i ij-ht months belbre, had difcovered land, in 4S deg. S l.u;. tudc, and in the meridian of that illaiid, along w huh they failed (brty miles, till they came to a bay, inm which w hen they were about to enter, they were driven ott'and feparated in a hard gale, after having loll liji^ic of their people and boats, who had been lent out to (bund the bay 1 but the l.a I'ortune, one of the lhip<. arrived fixin after at Mauritius, the captain of which was fent home to France with an account of the dii- covery. Wc alio learned from the governor, that tMio other I'rench (hips from Mauritius, in March h\\, touched at the cape in their pafl'age to the Paul:. (kean, to which they were found upon difcovcru , under the command of M. Marion. Aotourou, the In- dian, whom M. de Bougainville brought fromcitahcit-, was, had he been living, to have returned home wi M. Marion. Having vilited the governor and Ibiue oi the principal inhabitants, we took up our abode at Mi Brandt's, theufual relidcnce of iiKill oiUcers btioiii;if; to Englilli (hips. With reffKCl to accommodaiiun., this gentleman fpares neither exjjencc nor trouble, i;i order to render his houfe as agreeable as pollibli i < thofc who liivour him with their company. We kmi ccrted meafures with Mr. Brandt for fupplying us wiili proviiions, &c. all which he procured without ifl.i , wliilc our men on board were employed in overh.iulin the rigging, and the carpenters in caulking the llii; fides, &c. At the fame time Mr. Wales and Nli Uayley made obfervationM lor regulating the watchi and other purpofes. The refult of thefe was that Mi Kenilal's watch hadanlwercd beyond our expet'tatmib, by determining the longitude of this place to within imc minute of time to what it was obferved in 1761, ly Mcflrs. Mafon and Dixon. At this place two Dutch Indiamcn arrived before ii', from Holland. Their paflagc was near five iiioiul;,, in which one of the fliips loll by the fcurvy, and ttu other by putrid fevers, in all 191 men. Oneof tlielt- Ihips touched at Port Praya, and departed a month thm thence before we came there, yet wc arrived at tl ■• Cape three days before her. During our flay here, Mi. Foriler, who employed his time wholly in the purfuit ot Natural Hillory and Botany, met with one Mr. S{)arr- man, a Swedilh gentleman, who had fludicd under Liuicus. Mr. Forlter imponuned llrongly Capt.Couk to icn it vccn-d to tli.. \ Ciilm, Mc law ;i {[;] ,, Tlieuind now lixi.j ^ intended p«)rt. A . wc wl, which had aaorn, ve us : at leall tliey i!i,| lordid wf fee canned Ilcd the Cape Hen, t.li the Cape. On 1 liu,|. M. we made the l.,ii,| a particular def(n|). cent couiury. fee p,,, ble IMountain, over ttk ant twelve or fburtun obfcured by clouds, i, 1 fecn at a much Rnatcr ' acup- as is cuftoniary, to.>k luiring particularly, if liforder dreadcil above e cape; tor which rca. thefevillts. Tlusjjy t upon Haron Plctten- lini of our arrival; ly i and on the return of ith eleven guns, w huh l>y the fame nuiiibcr. accompanied by fon e him, told them, th.t 'auntius alxjut ei^ht nd, in 4S deg. S, l.ui. at idand, along wimh ■ came to a bay, inti) nter, they were driven after having lolV ihnK 1 had been lint out to une, one of the (hips. the captain ofwhidi n account of the di!- hc governor, that t^o litius, in March Ijit, wfliige to the Pacil ' ind upon difcoveiK )n. Aotourou, the I: - might from Otaheitc, : returned home W4;ii goNtrnorand fonie ol up our abode at Mi. K)ll olHcers biloMi;in,; to accomniodailoih] x-ncc nor trouble, m rceable as poUible t,. company. \\'e ,011. for fupplying us Willi )curcd without diiu. l>lo>idinoverhaiiliiv n caulkmg the (hi; ^r. Wales and Mi. julating thcuatchi,, f thefc was that .Mi. ;nd our i-xpec'tati.iih, is place to within one bfervcd in 1761, by en arrived before ii';, i near five montli,, the fcurvy, and the men. One of thc!c wrtcd a month fixmi we arrived at thr gourftayhcfc, Mr. >ily in the purfuit ol" Ith one IVlr. Sj)arr- had fludicd under [Irongly Capt.Cook tu COOK's SECOND VOYAGE — Hoi mMng Di/i-oven'es in the Soitt/j.Se.is & Round tli-j //';;•/./. 1 3 I t.ike him aboard J and Mr. .Sparman being willing embark, the Captain confentcd 1 arid he was eii- liged under Mr, lorncr, who bore his cxpences on pard, and allowed him a yearly ftijKnd befides. Mr. lodges alfo employed himfclf in taking views of the %pe, town, and parts acliacent, in o'll colours; all rhich were left with Mr. Brandt, to be forwarded by lin to the admiralty, by the firll fhlp bound for Eng- nd. On the 1 8th of November we had got every thiiif; on ..rd ; but it was the aid before wc could put to fea. this interval the crews of both (hips were feivcd every ^y with frefh beef, or mutton, new baked bread, and iiat quantity of greens they thought fufficient; and c two (hips, in every rcfpedl, were put in as good mdition as when they left England. At this time me removes took place in tht Adventure. The firC icutcnant, Mr. Shank, deftred leave to rcfign, in «i- r to return to I'.r. land for the recovery of his health, lirh was granted. Mr. Kemp was appointed f'lH uteuant, and Mr. Burncy, one of our midfliipmen, it as made fecond lieutenant, in the room of Mr. Kemp. On the 2 2d wc repaired on board, having firft taken leave of the governor, and other officers, w ho in a moft liging manner had aftbrdcd us all the necelTItry af- .ftaiicc we required. At three o'clock, P. M. we ■cighed, and iaiuted the fort with fifteen guns, which iomplimcnt was irillantly returned. We now (Io(h' \\ night to the welUvard, toget clear of the land, ii:. ng which titiic the fea made the fame luminous a| ■arance, which has been already, in the rourfe of oir ftory, noticed and defcribcd. As foon as weh;ii' Icarrd the lartd, wc dircded our courfe, as ordered, 1 .yte Circumcilion. Wc had a moderate pale from tli . . \V. point until the 24th, when the wind lliifted tc {he callward. This day by obfervation, at n(x)n, « jbundourfelves tobe in J^dcg. 25 min. S. hit. and 79 IJiin. W. of the Cape of Cood Hope. As we w( re now diredling our courie toward the antariflic circle and cx- trtcd to encounter foon with cold weather, the Cap- in ordered a wafte of frefh water to be as much as iffiblc prevented ; at the fame time he fupplied r.ich itn with a fearnought jacket, and trowfers, all<)wed ly the Admiralty, and alfo flops to furh who wanted ihein. Obferving a great number of albatrolTes about s, we put out hookfi and lines, wl'h w hich wc rau^ht Efcveral, and the (hip's company, though ferved with mutton, relifhcd them very much. On the 29th a heavy ftorm came from the W. N. W. with few inter- vals of moderate weather, for nearly a week : the (la ran verj' high, and frequently broke over the (hips. J, On Sunday, December the 6th, wc were in lat. 48 ' dig. .fi mill. S. and in 18 deg. 24 min. E. longitude. The (lorni continued, and the roaring of the waves, tofTctber w ith hail, rain, and a great agitation of the >clill, were circumrtances that rendered our (ituation rxtieinch difagreeable. A boy in the fore part of our lliip hearing a noife of water running among the cherts. iinmd out, and found himfelf half way up the leg in water ; upon w hich all hands worked at the pumps, but the water increafed upon us. This was at la(t difco- eovercd to come in through a fcuttle in the boatfwain's lloie-iixjin. This gale, attended with hail and rain, continued till the Sth, with fuch fury, that we could < any no fails ; and being driven by this means far to the callwarJ of our intended cmirfe, not the leaft hope remained of our reaching Cape Circumcifion. Our ilillrcfs was augmented by the lofsof a great part of our live ftock we had bmiight from the Cape. Every man felt the cfTeds of the fudden tranfuion from warm to ex- treme cold weather; for which reafon an addition was made to the men's allowance of brandy in both Ihips. On the morning of the 7th, the riling fun gave us a flattering profped of ferene weather ; but our cxpciila- tions foon vaniilied; the barometer wa« unufually low ; and by one o'clock P. M. the wind, which was at N. w! blew with fuch violence as obliged us to ftrike our top- gallant-mafts. On the Sth the gale was fomcwhat abated j but the fea ran too higa for us to carrv more than the foic-top-null ftay-fail. No. 15. ■ ,. . On Wcdncfday, the 9th, at three A. M. wr wnn^ diip to the fouthward, (bowers of ("now fell wiihlqually wiather. At eight made fignal for the Aihentuio to make fail. On tnc loih macTe another fignal liir her to lead, and faw an ice-i(land to the wcHward of us; in 50 deg. 40 min. -S. latitude, and 2 (li|;. K. longitude of the Cape of Good Mope. 'I'he weather beinj' lia/y, Capt. Cook by fignal called the Ailveiituic uiiiler our ilcrn 1 a fortunate circumflancc this 1 (or the ("eg in- creafed fo much, that wc < ouM nor dilcern an ill.ind of ice, for which wc were (leering, till we were lefs than a mile from it. The fea broke very high againd tlii.s ifland of ice, which Captain Furneaux took lor laiul, and therefore h.i ilet! odfrom it, till he was called bnck by fignal. We cannot determine w irh prccilion on the height Or circumference of this ice-i(!aiid ; but, incur opinion fuch large bodies muft drift very (lowly, for, a-j the grca'ed jwrrof them are under waur, ihcy can be little affected by cither the winds or waves. It being necclfary to proi:eed with great cir iimrpcction, v,e reefed our top-fails, anil upon founding found no ground with one huf.died and filrv fathoms. ( rid.iy, the nth, in 51 deg. 50 min. S. lat. and I deg. \ min. E. longitude, faw fome white birds, and j,a(Ted another larj^e iiland of ige. The birds were "bout the fize of pigeons, with blackifli bills and feet. .'apt. Cook 'houglic them of the prtrcl kind, anil na- Mves of thele fro/en feas. The difiiial fccne in view, to which we were unaccufi^omed, was varied as well by '^i'fe birds, as feveral whales, which made their ap- irame among the ice, and afforded us fome idea of i fouthern Greenlaiui. But though the appearance of .lie ice, with the waves breaking over it, might alVord a few moments pleafure to the eye, yet it could not fail lining us with horror, when we reflected on our dan- ger ; for the fiiip would be dalhcd to pieces in a mo- ment, were file to get aj^iinO the weather (ide of one of thefc id, nis, when the fea runs high. On the thirteenth, a gnat variety of ice iflands prc- lented themfelves to our view, and the niiiiiberof our attendant birds dccreafed. As wc v*ere now i;i the lati- tude of Cape Circumci(i(in, according to Mr. IJou-> vet's clifcoveries, in the year I7;J9, yet wcwere ten deg. to the longitude of it : but fome people on board w ere very eager to be firfl in fpying 1 ind. In this field of low ice were feveral iflands, or hills, and fome on board thought tluy faw land over the ice; but this was only owing to the various appearances which the ice hills make, when fecn in hazy weather. We had fmooth water, and brought to under a point of ice; here wc I onlulted on places of rende/.voHS, in cafe of fepara- tion, and maclc feveral regulations for the belter keep- ing company. We then maJe f.i.. along the ice. On Nlonday the fourteenth a boat was hoi (led out for two gentlemen to make fome obfervations and experi- ments. While they were thus engaged, the fog in- creafed fo much, that they entirely lod light of both of the Ihip- Their fituation was truly terrific and alarming, as they were only in a fmall four oared boat, in animmenfe ocean, furroundcd with ice, utterly derti- tutc of provilions, and far from any habitable (liore. They made various efforts to be heard, and row ed about for (t)mc time, without effect; they could not fee the length of their boats, nor hear any found. They had neitner malt nor fail, only two oars. They determined tolieftill, as the weather was calm, and hoped that the (hips would not fw im out of light. A bell founded at a diflancc, w hich was heavenly mufic to their ears. They were at Lift taken up by the .Adventure, and thus narrow ly cfcaped thofc extreme dangers. So great was hethicknefsof the fog fometimcs, that we had theut- inoft difficulty to avoid running againd the idands of ice, with which we were furrounded. Wc dood to the Ibuth on the feventccnth, when the weather was clear and fcrenc, and faw feveral (orts of birds, which wc were unacquainted \\ ith. The Ikirts of the ice feemcd to be more broken than ufual, and wc failed among it mod part of the day ; we were obliged to dand to the northward, in order to avoid it. On the eighteenth we got clear of the field of ice, but was carried anions 3 I the 126 Cipt. C O O KN VOYAGES CO M 1' L 1", T E. i' i) ' •',! « ^ ll the ice illaiuls, Mliiih it was ilillitiik tn ki't|> t:Ic;>r of. The ilanjfcr to « iiii h « c were niiw expoftil, uaaore- ferable to being entanj;lei! aiiiiing iiniiieiife Tu'lils ol ice. There were two men on lM)ai\l the Keloiution, who ha(! been in the CireenlatuI trailer the one hail lain nine weeks, anil the other lix, Ihak I'.iU in a Iklil of ice. 'I'liat which H calleii a lielci of ice in vrry thick, ami tonlills but of one piece, be it ever fo large. There are other pieces ot' great extent packeil togotiur, anii in (bine places heapeil upon each other, llow long fuch ice may ha\e lain here, is not ealily iletern\ineil. In the (jreenl..iii.l Teas, lueh ice is t'uiuul all the fumnier long, nni.1 it cannot be coklcr there in funimer time than it is here. Upon the fuppolliion that this ice which we have been I'peakin}; of is generally formetl in b.i\s aiul rivers, we iniagincil that huul was not far froni lis, and that the ice alone hinilcreil our approaching it. W'e thereliire iletcrmineil to f.iil to the eallwaril, aiul afierwanls to the fouth, anil, ifwc met with nolanil or inipciliment, there to get bchinil the ice, that this matter iiuf^ht be put out of iloubt. VN'e founil the weather much coMcr, ami all the crew romplaineil of it. 'I'hofe jackets which were too ll.ort were lengthen- eil with bai/e, ami eai h of tl'.em had a cap made of the fame IhilV, which kejit them as warm as the cli- mate would admit. Sioihutic luuptoms ap|K-aringon fome of the people, the furgeons gave them frelli wort everyday, made from the malt we took with us for that purpofe. \\ e (liHxl once more to the fouthward on the twcnty- fccond inflant. On the twenty. third, we hoilled out a boat to make fuili experiments as were thought necef- fary. We examined (I'veral fpecics of birds, which we h.ad Ihot as they iiovered lound us with i'eeming turiolit). On the twenty-fifth, being Chril>ma.s-day, we were very chearful, and notwithllanding the rurrounding rocks of ice, the failors rjieiu it in lavage noife and drunkenncl's. On the tweiity-fixth, we failed through large i|iiantities of broken ice. W'e were Hill furround- i\\ with illands, wliich in the evening appeared vc-y beautiful, the edges being tinged by the letting fun. W'e were now in latitude 58 deg. {I min. S. On the twenty-feventh we had a dead calm, and we dcvdted ihe opportunity to (Looting petrel, and jKii- gtiins. I'his .illiirded great fport, thougU we were un- I'liccelVful in our cliui e ol" penguins. \\'e were obliged to (rive over the purfuit, a-, the binU dived fo frciiuent- ly, and continued lb long under water. We at lall wounded one repeated!) , but was forci'il finally to kill it with a ball; its hard glolling plumage having con- flantly turned the Ihot alide. 'Ihe plumage of this bird is very thick, the feathers long and narrow, and lie as ilofe as fiales. Thefe am|)hibioiis birds are thus fc. urid ac;ainflthe wet, in which they almoU continual- I\ live. Nature has likewife given them a thick fkin, in order to refill the perpetual winter of thefe inhofpi- lable elimaies. The penguin we ihot weighed eleven pounds and a half. 'Ihe petrels are likewife well pro- \ided againll the fevcrity of the weather. Thefe latter have an allonilliing iiuaiuity of feathers, two feathers inllcnd of one proceeding out of every root, d'lad w ere we to be thus employed, or indeed to make any mo- mentary retleclioiis on any fubjecl, that we might in fome mcafure change that gloomy uniformity in which we fo llowly pallid our time in thefe defolate and un- Irciiuented k.ii. W'e had tonllant difiigreeable wea- ther, confining of thick fiigs, rain, (lect, hail, and liiow ; we were furiounded with innumerable quantities of ice, and were in conftant danger of being l])lit by them ; add to which, we were forced to live upon fait provillons, which concurred with the weather to infeel our mafs of bUxxl. Our feainen coming frefli from tnglaiid did not yet mind thefe feveritics and fatigue, their fpirits kept them above repining at them ; but ainon^ Ionic of us a wiflt prevailed to exchange our iiUiation lor ;'. happier and more tciuperate one. The crew were well fi.pjilicd with portable broth and four krout, which had the delired cllert in keeping iheiii l:om the i'curvy. '1 he habit of body in one man was not to be relieved by thofe expedients, liiit he was ciinj by the eonllant life of frelli wort. This ufeful rcineiiv ought never to be forgotten in (hipi Ixuirul on limir voyages, or the encomiumn on the elhcacy of mail (,iiu not be exaggenited ; greateare mull alio be taken to prr. vent its becoming damp and mouldy, for ifit is fulkrril to do fo, its falutary quaiiticii will become inipaireil in a long voyage. On the lyth, the commanders came to a refolitinn, , provided they met witli no impediment, to run as fjp m well as Cape Ciicumcifion, lincc the fea fecmed in |i» pretty clear of ice, and the dillance not more than eiglri leagues^ We fleered for an illand of ice this day, m. tending to take fome on Uiaid, and convert it into iiji, water. On this illand we faw a great number ()t'|v;. guins. The fight of thefe birds is faiil to be a fine m. dilation of the vicinity of land. This may hold j^udl where there are no ice illands, but not fo when ihir are any, for there they i'lnd a refling place. \S'e uil n t determine whether there are any females aii.di'- them at fo great a dillance from land, or whether il\.j go on Ihore to breed. On the _j 1 It, we HimhI for this ifland again, but cdiiM not take up any of the liH)fe ice, for the wind incriilnl fo conliderably, as to make it dangerous for the fliip, in remain among the ice; iK'lides which, we difcoMicJ an immenfc field of ice to the north, extending Im ther than the e\e could reach. W'e had no time 1,1 deliberate, as we were not above two or three n 1 ; from it. On the Ml of January, the gale abated, , .^ but theiefell a goiKl dealof fnow and fliet, ' " ' I' which fro/e on the riggijig of the fhips. The v, n I continued moderate the next day, and we were faMi .r. cd yiith a light of the miH)n, whofe face we had n • feen fince we left the Cajie ofliiMul 1 lope. Weun,' now in 59 deg. 1: min. S. latitude, and in 9 deg. ); min. I'., longitude. .Several obfervations were ii'u!. of the fun and miHJU. W'e were nearly in the lonj;i. tilde alligned by .\1. Rouvet to Cajie Circumcilicri; but as the weather was veryelear at this time, infoinu h that we could fee at leall fifteen leagues dillance lioii us, it is moll probable that what he tcxik for land « i no more than mountains of ice, furroundcd bv Inoic or packed ice, the appearances of which arc lo decep- tions, Irom all the obfervations wc could make, mo think it highly probablethat there' is no land under tlu' meridian between the latitude of c^ and 59 deg. Wc directed our courfe to the I'.. S. K. that we might }:et more to the S. We had a frelh gale and a thick In,,, a good deal of fnow and lleet, wnich fro/.e on the rij;- ging, and every rope was covered with line tranfparciit ice. This was plcaling enough to look at, but madens imagine it was colder tnan it r. ally was, for the weail'n was much milder than it had been for many days jiill, and there was not fomuch ice in the fea. One incon.r- nience attended »■, which was, that the men tbuiul 11 very dil'"icuit to handle the rigging. On I riday the Sth, we palfeii more ice iflands, wlrli I. cai'.ie very familiar tons. In the evening we canu- toone which had a vail quantity of linife ice about ii, and, as the weather was moderate, we brought to, airl lent the Ixiats out to take up as much as they nviKI. Large piles of it were p.acked upon the quarier-iUck, and put into calks, from which, after it was melted, v.e got water enough for thirty davs. A very little l.ili water adhered to the ice, and the water which this pio- diiccd was very frelh andgooil. I'"xcepting the mcltii'g and taking away the ice, this is a moll ex(K-ditiin:s method ot fiipplying fliips with water. W'e obferval here fcvcral white whales, of an immenfc li/.e. Int«o davs afterwards wc took in more ice, as did the Ad- venture. Some pcrfons on board, who were ignorant of natural philofophy, were very much aliaid that the unmtlted ice, which was kept in cafks, when the \ve;i. ther altered, would diU'olvc and burll the calks in whi' h it was packed, thinkingthat, in its melted Hate it would take up more room than in its fro/en one. In order to undeceive them, C'apr. Cook r laced a little [;ot of llamped ice in a temperate cabbin, which, as it gia- duallv E. • licms, (iliJho ttasii n I :. 'I'hi.'i ufi-liil iviii,,|, I (llipl iNXItuI (111 ||||,„ ^c I'llicaiy of mall aiu nil allii 1)1' taken to prp. iilily, for ilit is fulKir,! ill bocuuic inipaiiulin < came to n rcfolntid;, )Cdimcnt, to run as (,,, c the fta fc'cmi'il m 1,5 c not more thantighri ul of ill' tliis day, m'. iiul convert it intorai!, I great nimiberof p,|. I li fail! 10 be a fine m. Tliis may holilf^.kij Jilt not fo when thcc .(lini; plaie. We h,:I •c any females aiiKin^ land, or w licthcr tl'ty ifland again, but (unlj for the wind inriTnlnl igerous for the fliip, tn whieh. Me difeoNdiJ norili, exteiuling liii We had no time lo vc two or three milu le abated, . ,» andlUet, '^-^-'I'l' the Ihips. The vinj . , and we were favour. hofe face \\c had nit i><)d I lo[)c. Wc vuri; de, and in 9 dcg. ^; llrvatioM'S were niulc re nearly in the loniji. Cape Circumcifionj at this time, infomu li leagues didance troin he took for land «3i furrounded by I hid f which are lo (kYe|!- yvc could make, «c c'is no land under t'- C^ and 59 (leg. W,: v.. that v\e miglii . ,: ;ale and a thiik ic,,, lich fro/.e on the iii> with line tranfpartiit look at, but made us ,■ was, for the weailn 1 for many days pi!', le (ea. One incon.r i.it the men l()uiui n ore ice iflands, v»li:cli he evening wc c:iiac of loofe ice about 11, wc broiiglu to, aiivl much as they lO'ilil. )on the tiuarter-dcck, tcr it was melted, v.o A very litile l.ilt .vatcr which this pio- xcepting the melting a moll cxjK-ditiii'..4 later. We Dblervcd uncnfe li/.e. In i"o ice, as did the AJ- who were ignorant luich aliaiil tliat the alks, when the we:i- r(l the calks in which nieltet! (late it would (11 one. In order to need a little i;ot of COOK'S SKCON I) VOV.\(il''.— fhr linking Dili I 'Vt I ii"i in tlie .V^////» >S'fvn 6c RohikI tlic //■,.;/,/. 1^7 illy diin.Kcd, took up much lef. fpv e.thlm beloie. Jhiswas a (onvineing argument, and their tears ol ihis fort fubfidcd. As we had no.v fevc rat line days, lie had freiiucnt opiMirtunitjes of making obrcrvationa, id trying experiments, which were very ferviceable lo us on iiianv accounts. The people likewife took Ihe opportunity of wafliinc their doaths in frefli water, diich is verv necdDry in long voyages. On the 17th, before noon, we ti(llHd the antaraic ■irtlei and advanced into the fouthern frigid /.one, which to all former navigators h.ad remained impene- Irable. We could fee feveral leagues around us, as Ihe weather was tolerably clear. In the afterno(in we faw the whole fea covere(l with ice, from .S. l\ to S. W. We faw a new fpecicj of the petrel, of a bro.wn colour, kiith a white belly and rump, and a large white fpot on Ihe wings J we faw great flights of them, but never kny of them fell into the (liips. Wc called it the An- aiiflic petrel, as fuch numbers of them were feen h( leabouts. In the afternoon we faw thirte-eight ice il ids. large kndfmall. This immenfe field was compofed of (lif- erent kinds of ice J fu. h as lield-ice, as fo called by he (Jreenlandmen, and packed i( e. Here we faw .cveral whales playing about the ice, and IHII large H(Kks of petrels. Our latitude was now 67 deg. 1 5 nin. S. . We did not think it prudent to pcrfcverc in a foiith- rrn diredion, as that kind of fummer which this part of ^he world produces was now half fpent ; and it would have taken up much time to have gone round the i( e, 'ippofnv^ it practicable j we therefore refolved to go jiicctly m fearch of the land lately difcovered by the Frenih. Ontheii)th, in the evening, we faw a bird, which ii Capt. Cook's former voyage was called the I'ort Egmont hen ; fo called, bccaufe there are great niim- K-rs of them to be feen at I'ort Kgmont in Falkland iland,. They arc about the (i/.e of a large crow, Ihort ind thick, ot a cluKolate colour, with a white fpeck Jinder ea( h w ing. Thofe birds are faid never to go far from land ; and we were induced from this circum- [lanceto hope that land was near, but wc werediliip- )()inted ; the ice iflands had probably brought this bird dither. On the : i ft, vie faw white alhatrolTes with black tipped *in'^s. On the 2()th, feveral porpoifes pall' I us with pHim.i/.ing fwiftnefs; they had a large white fpot on their lilies, which came almoU up to their backs. They went at lead three times as fad as our velFels, and Me went at the rate of feveii knots and a half an hour. ^)n the 3 III, we parted a large ice ifland, which at the Itiine of our failing by was tumbling to pieces. The cx- rplollon equalled that of a cannon. ')n the ill of February, we law large quantities of fe.i weed Ho.uing by the rtiips. Capt. Furneaux ac- . (juainted Capt. Cook, that he had feen a number of I tiivers, which very much refembled thole in tht- F'.nglifh [fias, and likewife a large bed of Ho.iting r(x:k-vvecd. [Thcfe were certain ligns of the vi( inity of land ; but we 1 could not tell whether it was to the E. or W. We iiiiap^ined that mo land of any extent la) to the \V. bc( aiife the fea lan fo high from the N. Iv N. N. W. and W. we therefore lleered to the I'.. lay to in ilie niglit, and refumed our coiirfe in the morning. We f.iw two or three egg birds, and palled feveral pieceit of rok- vveed, but no other ligns ot land. We lleered 1101; li- ward, and made lign;il for the \dventure to follow, in ll.c was rather thrown allem by her movement to the eartwaid. We could not find land in that diiiklion, and we again lleered fouthward. There was an ex- ceeding tnick fog on the 4th, on which we loll li;';lit of the Adventure. We fired feveral lignals, but were not anfwered ; on which account we had tco ituich rcifon to think that a feparation had taken pLue, ilioughwe could not well tell whiit had been th j caiil'e of it. Cajit. Cook had directed Capt. ]"urneaux, in cafe of .1 feixira.. tion, to criii/e three days in that n! ice lie !a(l law the Refolution. Capt. Cook accord inglv made llioit hoards, and lired half hour guns till the ;\iternoon of ihe 7th, when the weather cleared up. and the .\ilvciuure was not to be ken in the limits of tl at hori/on. We were obliged to lie to till the loth, an I iiotwithllanding wc kept firing guns, and burning falfe lires all night, wc neither faw nor heard any thing of the .\d\enture, and were obliged to make fail without her, which was but a difmal i)rofpeol, for we were now expofed to tlic danger of the fr(r/;en climate without the company of our fellow-voyagers, which before had relie\ed our f|)irits, when we confidered that wc were not entirely alone in cafe we loll ourown veflTel. The crew univer- fally regretted the lois of the Adventure i and they feU dom looked around the ocean without expreiUng fome concern that we were alone on this unexplored expanfe. At this time wc had an opportunity of feeing what wc had never obferved before, the aurora aulhalis, which made a very grand and luminous appearance. Nothing material happened to us, but various changes of the weather and climate, till the 23 th of March, when land was feen from' the mafl-head, which greatly exhilerated the fpirits of our failors. We lleered in llir the land with all the fail we could carrv', and had the advantag.- of good weather and a frelh gale. '1 he captain mil- t(X)k the bay before us for Dulky 15ay, the iliands tiiat lay at the mouth of it h.aving deceived him. We (iro- cecdcd for Dulky Bay, in New Zealand, but wiih much caution as we advanced nearer the land. We p.illLd feveral iliands, ^v:c. and two leagues up the bay an officer was fent out to look for anchorage, which he found, and fignilied it by lignal. I lere we ani hored in fifty fathoms water, and very near the lliore. i'his jov- ful circumllancc happened on the ifith of March, after we had been 1 17 days at fea, and failed jifiho leagues, without fo much as once feeing land. It might he fup- pofed, from the length of time wc had been at fea, that the people would nave been generally atleeled by the fcurvy J but the contrary happened, owing to the (ue- cautions wc ufed. We had much reafon to be th.mk- ful to the Divine Providence, that no untoward .ic- cident had belallen us, and that out crew were in good health. li! ;i -' .<' \::A :-li =i)-:-4t:e= -=> ; , ; C H A p. II. . , J iicimiliir of ivhat happrnal in Du/ky Bay, tn A'ccc Zeahuid — TitUnwvs ivilh the valhcs — The RcfoJii/ioit /'.it's la Chnrlolle's Sound — Is tki <■ joineJ ly the Adventure— 'Tmnfat'ltons tn ibis pLier, ivith ohjin;iiioi:s on the inh.tbiUwIs — Qipr. I'lirHfiiux' s nttrriitive — The livijhtps proceed tn eompiViy from Nezv ZealtVid to the ijhtndofOiahetle — Rem.irks on fome loiv ijLmds, fiippnfed to be the fame ih.it -.cere difcovered by M. de BoiigaiiKiUe — The Rejlhittcii and Adventure iirrrve at Oliiheile — /Ire in a aiti. nljiliiation — Ah account of feveral incidents ivhile tbey lay in Otiili ptha Bay. 11, which. as it ;'ia. duallv TUF". country appeared beautiful and pleafing. The iliands wc palled, before our entrance into Dulky Hay, were fliaded w ith evergreen, and covered with woods; the various fliades of autumnal. yellow, intermixed with the evergreens, exhibited a delightful contrail,^ The rocky ftiores were enlivened with flocks 4 of aquatic birds, and the whole country rcfounded with the wild notes of the feathered lijnglk-rs. As loon as we anchored we caught great numbers of filli, which eagerly took the bait laid for them. Our firll meal upon lirti here was looked upon as the molt delightful we had ever made. Capt. Cook did not like the place in 138 Capt. COOK 8 VOYAGK6 COMPLETE. Pi in which we anchored, and lent lieutenant Pickerfgill ill Tcarch of a better, Mhich he foon found. The cap- tain liked it, and called it Pickerfgill harbour. This we entered on the t^xnty-feventh ot March, by a chan- nel which was fcarccly twice the width of the fhip. Here \re determined to ftay fome time, and examine it thoroughly, as no one had ever entered it bcfotc, or landed on any of the fouthcrn parts of this coun" try. Our (ituation was admirable for wood and water. Our yards were locked in the branches of trees, and near our Hem ran a delightful ftream of frelh wa- ter. VVc made preparations on fliore for making all necelTary obfervations, and perform neceflary repairs, &c. &c. The live cattle wc had left, which Confifted of a few flieep and goats, would not taftc the grafs which grew on the ihorc : nor were they very fond of the leaves of tender plants which grew here. When we examined thefc poor crcaiures, ue found their teeth loofe, and they had other fymptoms of an inveterate fcurvy. Wc had not hitherto fcen any appearance of inhabitants ; but on the twenty-eighth fome of the of- ficers went ona Ihooting party in a fmall boat, and dif- covering them, returned to acquaint Capt. Cook there* with. Very (hortly a cinoe came filled with them, within mufket lliot of the fliip. They ftood looking at us for fome time, and then returned ; we could not prevail upon them to come any nearer, notwithftand* ing we fliewed ihcm every token of peace and fricnd- Ihip. Capt. Cook, with feveral officers and gentle- men, went in fcarchof them the finic day. Wc found the canoe hauled upon the fliore, where were feveral huts, with fire-places and fifliing-ncts, but the people had probably retired into the woods. We mrdc but a lliort ftiiy, and left in the canoe fome medals, looking- plafTcs, ivc. not chufing to fearch any further, or en- force an interview which they wiflied to avoid ; we re- turnetl accordingly to the fhip. Two parties went out the next day, but returned without finding any thing worth noticing. On the firll of April we went to fee if any thing wc had left in the canoe remained there. It did not ap- pear that any body had been theic, and none of the things meddled with. On the 2nd we again went on ihorc to fearch for natural produdions. We killed three feals, and found many ducks, wood hens, and wlM fowl, fevtral of which we killed. Another partv wmt afliorc the fame day, and took with them a black dog w e h.id brought from the Cape, who ran into the wotxls at the '•■■rA niufiuct thev fired, and would not return. Both parties came irack to the fhip in the evening. On the lixth, we made a fliooting party, and found a capacious cove, w here we fliot feveral ducks ; on which account we called it Duck Cove. Wehad an in- terview with one man and two women, as we returned in the evening, who were natives, and the firft that dif- covered then'frlves ; and had not the man hallooed to us, wc (hould have paffed without feeing them. The man flood upon the poin'. of a rock, with a club in his hand, and the women were behind him with fpears. As we approached, the man difcovcred great figns of fear, but i>ootl firm ; nor would he move to take up fome things that were thrown to him. His fears were all difhpatcd by Capt. Cook's going up to embrace him; the captain gave him fuch things as hr had about him. The officers and feamcn followed the Captain, M\(i talked fome time with them ; though wc could not iinderlland them. In tl.is converfation, the youngeft of the women bore the gtcatefl fliare. A droll fellow of a failor remarked, that the women did not want tongue in any part of the world. Wc were obliged to leave them on the approach of night ; but before we parted Mrs. Talkative gave us a dance. On the fevcnth wc made them another vifit, and pre- fentcd them with feveral things; but they beheld every thing with indifference, except hatch .tsand fpike nails. We now faw all the man's family , as we fuppofcd, which confifted of two wives, the ,'oung woman wc mentioned before, a boy about fourtt en years old, and three fmall v.hildrcn. Excepting one woman (who 3 had a large wen upon ^ her upper lip), they were w ell favoured ; on account of her difagreeabic appcit. artce, fhc feemed to be negledcd by the null. \\\. were condudted to their habitation, which conlincJui two mean huts, lituated near the fkirts of a wood. Their canOc lay in a fmall creek, near the huts, anj wasjuf\ large enough totranfport the whole family from place to place. A gentleman of our party made (ketches of them, which occafioned their calling him Toe-Toe ; which, It fcems, is a word which fignifiu marking or painting. On taking leave, the man prc- fented Capt. Cook with fome trifles, and a piece of cloth of their own manufadurc ; and pointed to a boat cloak, which he w iflied to have. The hint was taken, and one was ordered to be made for him of red baize. On the 9th wc paid the natives another vifit, and lign;- ficd our approach by hallooing to them ; but they lui- ther met us on fliote, nor anfwered us as ufual ; tlie reafon of which was, that their tinw: was fully occupied in drelTing themfelvcs to receive us. They had tlnir hair combed and oiled, ftuck with white feathers, jnj tied upon ihc crowns of their heads, and had bundles of feathers ftuck in their ears. Wc were received hy them with great courtefy In their drcfs. The man v u fo w ell plcafed with the prefcnt of the cloak, thai Iv took his patta-patoe from his fide, and gave it to (.'jpt. ( ook. We continued here a little time, and took Il:uc, fpendingthc red of th** '""■ infurvcying the bay. On Monday th; t' ' family paid us a villi ;:i their canoe, but p c i'. caution as tlu\ „p. proached the fhip :ou. not hy .my means per- iiiade them to come o. oard, but put alhore in a lit'!; creek near us, .md fat Lheml'elves down near cnouj-htu fpeak to us. Capt. Cook ordered the baj/j)i|>cs to pl.i,. and the drum to beat ; the latter only tlicy regaiilcd They con verfed very familiarly (though iiotvuU unilt.. flood) with fuch orf.cers and Icuiini a: >\etu to then., and paid a iniich greater regard to lotne than to ollu rs V ? f.ippofed (hat they took fiuh tin woiiun. Otu c, the females fhcwed a reinafkabic fondncfs Cor one n-.aa in particular, until flie found out his fex ; after «1;k'i flie wouid not let him approach her. We cannot ti;l whether fhc had before taken him fiir a female, or ulic- ther, in diftovcring himfelf, he had taken fome libor. tics w ith her. In the evening the natives of Dufky Hay took up their quarters very near our watering-plaic, which was a clear proof that they placed a great deal ol confidence in us, We pafTcd two or three days in exa- mining the bay and making neielTary experiments and obfervations. Wc likcwife fhot great quantities of wild fowl. On Mond.iy the nincrceth, the man and his daugh- ter before- mentioned ventured on lioard our fliip, while the rcl\ of the family were fifliing in the canoe. Kc- fore the man would conic into the fhip, he flruc k the fide of it with a green branch, and muttered fdiv.e words, which wc took for a prayer; alter which he threw aw.iy .!.^ orancli and came on board. V^'e were at breakfau, but could not prevail on them to partak- with us. They viewed every part of the cabin w ith ap- parent curiofity and fiiiprifc; but we could not fix the man's attention to any one thing for a moment. All iic flicwed him feemed beyond his comprehcnlicin, and the works of nature and art were alike reganled. '1 he ftrength and number of our decks and other partsoi the fhip feemed toftrike him with furprife. The man wasf>ill better plealcd with hatchets and fpike-nailsthan any thing our Ihip proeluced ; when he Iwd oine j;ot pofTefTion of thefc, he would not quit them. Capt. Cook and three other gentlemen left the fhip as foon m they could difengagc themfelvcs from the vilitors, whom they left in the gun-room, and went out in two hoat.s to examine the head of the bay ; at which place they took up their night's loilging; the next day they contmucJ their obfervations ; and fired at fonie dia ks. Upon the report of the gun, the natives, who had not difcoMud themfelvcs before, fet up a moll hideous roar in ditVc- rent places. The gentlemen hallooed in their turn and retreated to their boats. The natives did liot fol- low them, neither indeed could thev, bccaufe a branch 4i cook's SECOND VOYAGE — for making £)j/towr/a in the South 5raj& Round ^tWorld. 129 I the river fcparated tiiem, but ftiU riiade a great bifc. As they continued fliooting and m:iking their ^fcrva/ions, they frequently heard the natives in the loods. A man and woman appeared at iall on the linlcs of the river, waving fomcthing in their hands as token of f'ricndfhip. The gentlemen could not (ret ■ear them, and the natives retreated into the woods, iwo others appeared; but as thcgentkmcn advanced, ley retreated likewifc, and the woods alibrdcd them lick cover. The captain and his party palled the txt night in the fame place, and after breaktali cm- trked to return on board ; hut faw two men on the jppofite lliore, who hallooed to them, and they were tiluced to row ovci to them. Capt. Cook with two Ihcr gentlemen landed unarmed, and aiivanced all to- Jtthcr, but the natives retreated, nor would they iiand till till Capt. Cook went up alone. It was w ith fome ■fticiilty that he prevailed on one of them to lay down lis fpcnr J at lad he did it, and met the captain with a Trofi plant in his hand, giving Capt. Cook one end uhold whiUl he himfelf held the other. In this po- Ition they rtoud while the natise made a rpecdi.which he captain ilid not untlerliand, but returneii fome fort 'anl'wcr; they then faluted each other, and the na- ive took his ct)at from his back, and put it on the cap- kin. The Captain pivfentcd each of them with a btch.et and a knife, having nodiing elfc with him. Fhey invited the gentlemen to their habitation, and ranted them to eat, but the tide prevented their ac- cpting of t'r- invitation. More people appeared in he 'kirts oi i|;e woods, but did not approach any Jcarer. The t.io natives accompanied the gentlemen k their Ixxits, but fcemed very much agitated at the ppearanccs of the mufqucts, which they looked upon J i;illruments of death, on accoimt of the (laughter ley had obferved among the fowls. It was necellary I watch them, f(.r they laid their hand's on every bing except the muf jiiets. They aHillcd the feamen I launching the boat. It did not a|)|iearthat they had jjy boats or canoes with them, but ufed two or three i>gs of wood tied together, which anfucicd the fame burpofesj for the navigation of the ri\er, on thelianks M" which they livetl, was not very dilhcult, and fwarm- (tl with (iC.i and fowl. \\ e a()prchend that all the na- lives of this bay did not exceeil more than three fimi- |ics. This party took leave of the man about noon ; nd in the evening returned to I he Ihip, when they jbund that the vilitors had (hid on board till noon ; that he and his famil\ remained, near them till that day, and ■went into the woods, after which thevwere never feen ; this appears rather extraordmaiy, as they never went away without liime prelent. Sexcral parties were Biuiie in order toc.itch feals, which were very ufeful for bod, lor oil, and their ikins were cured liir rigging. The tk-Hi of them is nearly as g(K)d as beef-lUaks, ami heir entrails are equal to thofe ot' a 1 og. V\'e likew il'e look the fummit of tiie mouiuains m this bay, and m.ide other remarks. On Satiird.iy the luenty-fourth Capt. Cook took five j^eefe and a gander, uhich were all that remained of thr'c brought I'rom the Ca[K- of (Jood I lope, and car- ried them to a <(ne, which on this accoimt he called coofe-cove ; this was a convenicpt [)Iace, for they were pot likely to be dilbirlxd by the inhabitants, there was Elenty of frJod li;r them, .and they were likely here to reed and fpread the country with their f[)ecics. We Ihad now feveral days fair weather, which gave us a (me lopportimity of making necellar) preparations for dc- ip..rturc. I On Tucfday the twcnty-fevcntii we found an arm of I the fea more convenient than that by which we entered j the bay ; we Ihot feveral ducks, and' were much pleafed with the day's expedition. All we now waited for was vind to carry us out of harbour by the new paffage we had difcovered. The tents and all other articles were I got on board. The rubbilh wc had made on (hore, i which confiftcd chifHy of pieces of wood, &;c. wc fet I on fire, in order to dry the ground, which being done, Capt. Cook fowcd the fpot w ith various fc^rts of garden feeds. This was the bell place wc could find to place Mo. 15. them in. We made feveral efforts to fail, but the wind proving contrary wc made but little way, and were obliged to anchor on the firft ofMayonthe north fide of Long Illand. Here we found two huts with fire places, which appeared to be lately inhabited. Capt. Cook was detained on board b)' a cold, and fent a party to explore anar.n of the fea which turns in to the eaff. This party found a good anchoring place, with plenty of wild fowl, fifli, and frclh water. We made feveral fhooting parties when the wind would not permit us to fail. Hcforc wc leave Dullsy I'ay, we think it necef- fary to give our readers foine defi:ription of it. There arc two entrances to this Bay, which are by no means dangerous; and there arc numerous anchor- ing places, which are at once fafe and commodious; at Cadadc Cove, fo called on account tjf the magnifi- cent cafcade near it, is room for a fleet of fhips, and a very go"d paTage in and out. The country is very mountainous, and the profpcct is rude and craggy. The land bordering on the fea-coafi, and all its lands, arc covered with wood. There are trees of various kinds which arc common in other countries, the tim- ber of which is remarkably fine. Here are likewifc a great number of aromatic plants, and the woods arc fo over-run svith fupplc jacks, that it is difficult to inakc way through them, 'i'hc foil is undoubtedly compofed of decayed vegetables, which make a deep bl.ick mould ; it is very loofe, and finks at every ftep. This may be the reafon why there arc fo many large trees blown ilow n as we meet with in the woods. Except flax and hemp, there is very little herbage. The Bay abounds with fill), which we caught in great numbers. Seals are the only amphibious animals to be found here, but tlieie arc great numbers of them. Various kinds of ilu' ks are to be found, as well as all other w ikl fowl. Mere is likewifc a bird which we called the wattlebiid, becaule it has two wattles under its beak like thofe of a dunghill cock. Its bill is Ihort and thick, its feathers are dark, and is alxiut the fi/e of a.i Englith black- bird. This wc called the poy-bird, on account of two little tufts of curled hair which hang under its throat, called its poies, which is the Otaheitan word tor ear- rings. The feathers of this bird are of a fine maza- rine blue, except thole of his neck, which arc of a lilver gtey. The fweetnefs of its note is equal to the beauty of its plumage; its fiefh is likewifc luxurious food, though it is a great pity to kill them. Thv (iiiall black land Hies are here very numerous and tioublef()me ; they caufe a fwcUing and intolerable itching wherever they bite. Another evil attending this bay is the almoft continual rains that tall, but hap- pily our people felt no ill cflects from them. The place mull certainly be healthful, as thofe of our crew, who were in any degree indifpofed when wc came in, recovered Ipeedily. The inhabitants of Dufky Bay are the fame with ihoff in other parts of New Zeal md ; the)- fpeak the lame language, and adopt the 1 ,iiie culloms. It is not ealy to divine what could induce thefe few families to feparate themlelves from the fociety of the refl of their t'ellow-creaturcs. It fecms probable that there are people fcattered all over this Ibuthern ifiand, by our meeting with inhabitants in this place. They appear to lead a wandering life, and don't feem to be in per- fect amity w ith each other. On Tucfiay the 1 ith of May, wc again made fail, but met w ith more obliniclions. We obferved on a fud- den a whitilh fpot on the fea, out of which a column arofe which looked like a glafs tube. It appeared that another of the faine fort came down from the clouds 'n meet this, and they made ,1 coabtion and formed what is called a watcr-fpout ; feveral others were form- ed in the fiiiTic manner fbon after. As we were not very well acquainted with the nature and caufes of thefc fpouts, we were very curious in examining them. Their bale was a broad fpot, which looked bright and yel- low ifli when the fiin Ihonc upon it; this appeared when the fea was violently agitated, and vapours rofe in a fpiral form. The columns were like a c\ Under, and moved forward on the furfacc of the fea, and Ircquen'ly 3 K appealed »3o Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. appeared crolTinp each other, they at lart broke one after another, this was owing to the cloiiils not follow- ing them with equal rapidity. The fca appeared more and more covered with fliort broken waves as the clouds came nearer to us; the wind veered about, ami did not fix in any one point. Within 200 fathoms of Us, we faw a fpot in the fea in violent agitation; the water afccnded in a fpiral form towarils the clouds ; the clouds looked black and louring, and fome hail (tones fell on.board. A cloud gradually tapered into a long (lender tube direclly over the agitated fpot, and feemeci defccnding to meet the rifnig fpiral, and foon united with ir. The laftwater-fpout broke like others, no explofion was heard, but a flalli of lightning attend- ed this disjunction. The oldelV mariners on board had never been fo near watcr-fpouts before, they were there- fore very much alarmed. Mad wc been drawn into the vortex, it was generally believed that our marts and yards mull: have gone to wreck. From the firft ap- pearance, to the lalt dillolution, was three quaru-rs of an hour. On May the i 8th, at five o'clock in the morning, we opened Queen Charlotte's; Sound, and faw three tlaJlies arifuig fiom a llrong hold ot the natives. We imagin- cvi them to be lignals of the Kuropeans, arul probably of our old friends in the Adventuit ; when wc fired fome guns, we were anfwcred, atnl in a ffioit time faw the Adventure at anchor. V\'e were fainted bv Capr. Furneaux with 1,1 guns, which we very chearfullv re- turned ; none can defcribe the joy we felt at thii moll happy meeting. As it mufl be picafuig to our Sulifi ril)ers and Readers, whofe generous eticouragcimnt we gratefully ac- knowledge, and it being our intention, in rctuiri, to render this work as c<)m|)lere, in e\tiy refpeit, as pollible, we here prcfcnt them with a Narrati\eof Capt. Furneaux's proceedings, and of the various incidents that happened, during the fcparation of the two fliips, to their joining again in (>ueen C har- lotte's Sound; with fome account of Van Dienitn's Land. „ _ 'T'HF. Adventure, on Sundav the 4th A. U. 1773. ^ of I'ebruary, after having loll fight uf the Refolution, in a very thick fog, had no other means of ag.iin meeting v ith her, but by cruizing in the place were thev parted companv, nr by repairing to t har- Ictte Hav, the lirfl .ippoiiued place of rendezvous, in cafe fuch a nuafortune lliould happen. .Soon alter their r(ianuit)n, the people of the . Adventure heard a gun, the report of which they jutlged to be on :he larboard beam; ui>on which, they hauleil up S. F',. and tired a four pounder every half hour; but receiv ing no return, nor fiLlht ot their comiianion, they kept the murfc they i\ad Ikered before the fog came on. Ii; the evening It began to blow hard. The Ihirm was attendeil with a prodigious fall of rain, every drop of the li/e of a ((pmnioii pea; and the fea broke over the ihip's lx)v,s to the height of the yard arms; yet, at intervals, the wtather was more clear; but at thefe fwourable op- portunities, they could not fee their willied lor object, the Refolution, which gave them many moments re- plete w ith inexprcllible unealincfs. They then Ihxxl to the welKvarvl, to cruize in the latitude where they la(l faw her, according to agreement, in - had here hard ith fnow. fleet, and , On the 26th a mttwr Aurora Horealis, „,' ncoininonbrightncfsin rfctothcS. W. And lur reparation from the we faw but one of ihj part of our long run ird of the latitude i,,' 'ut \vc faw nunibcrlifi (}y fpotted with white Itly by our fliip. 1, having made no dif. ravcrfed from latitiul,.. longitude 36 to 146 bear away for \an c in water, and rcj)air incl, fuppofed to join ■ lafnian A. D. 1642 atitude 44 dcg. S. and : 9th being Tucfd.u m with the S. \V. p,i,i ' "r 9 leagues did. ;,. idc from (irccnwidi. utKavcn near the li.i, a double land aivl \vhich bore N. lour he rani-hcad t>ff p|,. 'C the fame that 1,11". out four lengiies i;. .s, ' iibnds, atxl i\-\c,.A (one of «hi(h mv •> wn by Tafman in h:; pe, in latitude 4 j ,l:y. ?itude, the cuuntu i," ; rocky, and lamim,; ing continually froill fueh a furf, that il;: 1 \Nednefday the lodi lili'-Uehed in thegu.ii iiulcs from the land, <>rg(Kxi bay. With fcveral places where they had lately lift, rt hich probably kads pie had not time to very rich, and thi lie il, cfiTccially on the 'ell from the iwks, ree hundred feet pcr- rcciving the kail il^'n ftc-ii in the l>oat ami y. At three o'doik mod {(ointofa \irv ormy Hay. SimiuI 'int oi' thii bav, and liars. Atfeven.lv- i^' "ind, we came u\ 1 our latitude to It Je 1 47 dig. ^^ „ii„, \-l)icak, we (oiiiid .1 Icvciiin thcevenui;;, bout one mdc from land is about ; oro lys, and found the foil, though thin, j; covered with larf,'c tore rhcy branch ntf. hcrto fecn. All ol 'id the wcwd beinj; e we foui'd only two nd narrow, anil the iry a.^rceablc ftncll. Jfe of the bay, and From ihefc trees, i^euns call, gum lac, by the natives fet. mod unfrequented like a raven, oiJKn ;?OOK's SECOND VOYAGE — for making Di/coveries in the South Seas & Round the World. 1 3 1 1 'f 1 the crow kind, paroquets, and fcveral forts of fmall Irds. One of our gentlemen lliot a large white fowl the eagle kind, about the lize of a kite. The fea wl arc ducks, teal, and the Ihtldrakc. Of bcafts we jw only an opoirum, but obferved the dung of others hich we pronounced to be of the deer kind. The fifli e caught in the bay were molUy iliarks, dog fifli, and rthcr fort called by the fcamen nurfes, full of white Its, and fomc fmall ones not unlike fprats. In the igoons arc trout, and other foi ts of filh, a few of ^hich wc caught with hooks. During our ftay here, did not fee any of the natives, but perceived the loke of their fires, eight or ten miles to the north- ard. It is evident that they come into this bay from cir wigwams or huts, which arc formed 3« Capt. C O O K 's VOYAGES COMPLETE. 1 . ,, ■ ,] on board, nor \\vu\A they quit the (hip by fair means ; but upon prcfcnting a inufquct with a bayonet fixed, they quickly took leave of us, Iccmingly in great good humour ; and alb rwards they vilitcd us daily, bringing with them lllh in abundance, which they exchanged for nails, beads and other triHes. They behaved quite peaceably, and, having difpofed of their cargoes, de- parted at all times, feemingly, veil j>lcafed. We now placed a guard on little idind, which, at low water, IS joined to Mortuara, called the Hippah, at which place was an old fortified town, that had been aban- doned by the natives. We took pofTelfion of their houfes, and by fuiking a fort within fide, mailc them \ ery comfortable. 1 Jere our artronomer creeled his ob- ("ervatory ; at the fame time we llruck our tenrs on Mortuara ; and having run f.irtiicr into the cove with the (hip, we moored her lor the winter, on the weft fhore, and gave hei a winter coat to j rcferve her hull ; then after (ending alliorc the fpars and lunibcr of the decks to be caulked, we pitched our tent.-, near the river, at the watering-place. On I'uelday, the nth of May, fcveral of our crew, who were at work on lliore, very fendbly felt thelhock of .meaitliquike, fiom whuh circumllance we think it probable, that iluicarc vokanos in New Zealand, as thife phiviiomenr, giner.illy go together. On the i .:th, the weatlier continuing f.iir, and the Indians friendly, the Captain and ollicers were preparing to ftp alliore, when about nine A.M. no lels than ten canoes came padling down the S(HMid. We counted one hundred and twenty natives all armed. When along-lidc ot the lliip, tliev exiirelfed a iledre to be admitted on board; but Capt. lurneaux, not liking their looks and gcf- tures, ga\e order,-;, tliat a lew only (hould be admitted at a time. 1 hele beliaved lb diforderly that thefailors were obiigeii to tiun them out, and it now apjieared plainly that the intentions of our vilitors were to make tlieml'clvcs nialKrs ot the (hip: however, finding the trew to be upon their guard, they became more ci\il, but not Ixtiire a great gun was difcharged over their heads, which alone intimidated them. IJeing thus re- duced to order, the people on board protluced leveral articles, fuch as beads, fmall clal'p knives, fcidars, rl'ith, paper, and other trillis, which they bartered (or battle axes, fpears, weapons of various forts, fi(h- ho;)K.s and other ciirio(ities, the manufacture of the muntry. Being vililiiy ilifappointed in the execution i)\ their gnnil delign, they took to their canoes, all g.ibhling together in a kniguagc, a word of which no one on board could undiriland : but previous to their departure, the cajitain and olficers made prefents to til. lie among them who apju-ared to be their chicls, whuh they accepted with great .apparent fatisfatilion. Three month.s were nou elapled (ince the .\dventurc h)\\ (ight of the Reiblution ; but on the 17th file was ficn at J.ickfon Point. We immediately lent out boats to lier allilLmce, it being calm, to tow her into the .Snuiul. In the evening (he anchored about a mile without ui, and next morning weighed and warped witlim us. i'he pleafure the (hips companies lelt at meeting can only be conceived by thofe who have been in hke circumllances, each wax as eager to relate as th,' otln rs were to hear. I laving thus related the pro- ^rels of the .\dventure, wc now come to record the tranfut.ions of both (liips a(ter their Junction. It were little more than a repetition of the Adventure's didreffes to recapitulate the ed'ccts ol' the boKlerous weather that vere lelt by the crew of the Refolution ; being fomc- times furrounded with illands of ice. out of which they could only extricate themfebes by the utmort exertion cf their fkiU in feamanlhip, fometimes involved in Iheccs of fleet and fnou, and in mi(U fo dark, that a man on the t'orecartle could not be fcen from the i]uar- tci deck ; funictimcs the fea rolling mountains high, while the running tackle, made brittle by thefeverify of the (Volt, was Ih viucntly fnapping, and (bmctimes len- dcred iminovi-nlile. .Amidd the harddups of fmh a ti-averfe, there is nothing more adonidung, than that the crew ihould continue in perlt'Ct health, fcarcc a man beiug fo ill as to be incapable of duty. Nothin{; < an redound more to the honour of Capt. Cf)ok,' th:m l,^ paying ])articular attention to theprefervation oMuMlth among his (ompany. Hy obferving the drifted difii. pline from the highed to the lowed, his ''omniainlj were duly obfervcd, and pundually exccuied. \\'lit;i the fervicc was hard, he tempereil the feverity tlicnof by frequently relieving thofe employed in the pertljnn. ancc. and having all hands at command, he was hcmt under the nccellity of continuing the labour of anv lit of men beyond what their dreiigth and their (pirit, could bear. Another necelfary precaution was. thit in fine or ("ettlcd weather, the captai- never fudered ji; of his men to be idle, but condantly employed tlic -(r- mourers, the carpenters, theprodlled navigatois, liia- madmen, ^^'C. in doing fomething each in his uw. way, which, though not immediately wanted, he kin^ there might be a call for het'ore the voyage was c„iii. pleted. Having by this means left no (pare tinie n r gaming, quarrelling, or riotiniT, he kept them in ,u- tion, and punilhed drunkeniiels with the utmod \l-\i:. ritv J and thus by pcrfevering in a deady line of lo.i- diiC>, he was enabled to keep the fea till reductil tu i verv fcanty portion of water ; and when he de("p;iii ,1 of (inding any new land, and had fully fatistied hin;!,ii of the non-cxidencc of any continent in the qiiartt r! • had traverfeil, he direded his courfe to CharlnttLS .Sound, the place appointed lor both diips to reiuii .'. vous in cafe of ("eparation, and appeared olf the fi;r , (as has been already related) on 'l"ucfday, the i Sth ( ; Nlay, 177,5, *"'' here we dilovered our conlbrt ti Adventure, by the (ignals die made to us, an event cv;.: , one in both (hips felt w itli inexprellible fatisfaLtioii. The next morning alter our arrival, iKing Wediv.f day. the n>th, (.!apt. Cook went olf in the boat, ,it il.iy-break, :o gather fcurvy grals, celery, and otl.r vegetables. At breakfad time he retuined with a [>!>:.[ hxid, enough for the crews of both lliips; and kiio-i- ing their lalutary edicacy in removing (iorbutic < cii; _ plaints, he orderetl that they (houUi be boileil v. ;!i wheat and portable broth, every morning for breakiil'i, and with peafe an i broth for clinner, and thus didinl they arc extremely benclicial. It was now the t-j.p- tain's intention to vidt \'an Uiemen'.s land, inordci id determine whether it made a part of New IIoll.ui ! , but as Capt. Furneaux had cleared up this [xiint, it «.^ refolved to continue our f'^fearches to the cad bciun:i the latitudes of 41 deg. ana 46 deg. In confei|iKii c of this determination Capt. Cook ordered out his ii:i.\ to adirt the crew of the .Adventure in prejxiring Im for fea. I le was induced more e("pecially to this, l>i- caufe he knew rifrediments were to be jirocurcd at 'he S huts of the natives dooil [iromifcuoudy within an ;n- clo("ui-c of pallifadoes ; they confided only of a lou', and had no walls. Perhaivs thefe are only occalin,-„ii abodes, w hen the Indians find themfelves in any d.e; ger. Capt. l-'urneaux had planteti before our arri\.il, .1 great quantity of garden ("cetls, which grew ver\ v.il!, and produced plenty of fallad and luiropean guvn This d ly Capt. Cwk fent on dune, to thi- w.ateipv place, near the Advcn' tent, the only ewe anil i.ui' remaining of thofe we br.ight from the Capeof (Iml Hope. On the 21 (l we went over to I ;ong lll.iiul, which condils of one long ridge, the top nearly liwl. and the (ides '^eep. Herr we liiund vaiious kintl.-. u; done, and fi>>\cd 'liderent kinds of ganlen (L-eds upn fome (pots '. Hay, but were muchiiiui familiar, and did not appear concerned at leeing u- which was probably owing to their having before viliu.l the crew «t the Adventure. Some of our crew iiu.].; v.i-: Yi\} 'apt. Conk; tlnii h , ircfcrvnticm ol' Itr.il;,, nir the Urickll diln. iwefl, his coinnKiiii!; ly fxccuicd. \\lu;i i( the fcvcrity tliiui.t loycil in thcpciiiinu. iinaiu), he was lu'vir :hc labour of aiu lit gth and thcii Ipir;;, xcaiition was, ilin n, ' ncviT fulVcrcil ;ri, itly t-mployid tiic ir. .(lid navigalois, liirc- ig each in his (iv. ttly wanted, lie kiin he voyage was ( „ii - i{\ no (pare uiiii- i, .- e kept them in :u lilh the utiiiofl li\>. I (leady line ot" (o;;- fca till rediKtil [n \ \ when he deCpiiii t ("iilly fatislied himl,,; lent in the qiiarti r! ourfe to Chaii"tu\ oih (liips to rendi '. ipeared ni\' tlu' i'.iA I'licfday, the i Xth < ; .•red our conlort \'. tons, an event i vt:. redihle fatisi'aLtii>ii. ival, JK-ing Wedivf. bctui '. In conlciiuui i- ordered out Ins n;i i ire in preivuing In; '^lecialiy to this, In - c) be procured at '! ited the (ortilii r, atory was lixed. !: there by a narnm, a iteep UKk. I ; loudy withiit an n (led only ol a ri)i •, are only occadn; ,: nidlves in any d.r Ixtore our airi\.il, .. ich grew ver) v.i ' 1 I'airopean gni:! v, to the wateii" le only ewe ami raii 1 the Cape o('(iip * ver to I Xing lll.m.i, the top nearly li \( . nd vaiioiis kinda i' ; garden (ceds upcii that puipofe. Da i«e and ram dcail, bten occadoni'd hv m we wre vidtidby men. They iliilul devoured. In ili- paCents. They ii- )ut were much nun, crned at leeing ii-, aving before viliud ol our tiew iiniii' cook's sliCON D VO Y AC. E — for making Dilcoveries in the SoutA Seas & Round the frorJd. 1 3 '^ [ufc of their canoes to fet themCelves alliorc, on which f they complained to the Captain ; and, upon their ca- [jiocs being reftorcd, they feemed highly delighted. ! On Monday the 24th, early in the morning, Mr. iGilbert, the maftcr, was difpatchcd to found about the Irock we had difcovcrcd in the entrance of the found ; fat the fame time Capt. Cook, accompanied by Capt. rFurneaux and Mr. Forfter, fet off in a boat to the weft [bay on a fliootmg party. They met a large canoe, pn whicli were 14 or 15 people; and the (irft queftion Ithey alked was concerning the welfare of Tupia. Be- ing told he was dead, they exprclfcd fome concern. The fame enquiry, as has been obfervcd, was made of Japt. Furneaux vhcn he (irft arrived, and on our jetting aboard ir the evening, we were informed, that fome Indians in ^ canoe, who were ftrangers to our people, had alfo enquired for Tupia. Mr. Gilbert fiavuig founded all round the rock, which he found to be very fmall and deep, returned late in the evening. l"his day the Refolution received another vilit from a amily nho caine with no other intent than partaking if our food, and to get fome of our iron work. We wanted to know their names, but it was a long tim: lefore we could make them underftand us. At laft we bund that the oldeft was called Towahanj'ja, and the kthers Kotugha-a, Koghoaa, Khoaa, Kollakh, and Tau- buaperua. The laft was a boy about twelve years of ^e, very lively and intelligent. He dined with u.s, eat jracioully, and was very fond of the i rull of a pie lade of wild (owl. He did not much nliih Madeira hne which the captain gave him, but was very fond of me Iwect Cape wine, which elevated hi,s fpirits and lis tongue" was perpetually going. Me very iiukIi jnted the captain's boat cloak, and feemed muth art at a rcfufal. An empty bottle and a table-cloth ting alfo denied him, he grew exceeding angry, and '; length was lb fullen, that he wouUl not Ipeaka w >id. i\ Saturday the :9th inftant, a great number of" uves hrioiindcd us with canoes, who brought gcHKis to ex- iaii;;e, liii which they got good returns, owing to the .^iiiiel's with which our failois ouibid each other, all tiiem being deliious of having fome of the pnnluc- Bn,> of this country. Among thele Indians we law any women whofc lips were of a blackiih hue, and cir I heeks were painted with :i lively red. They had prgf knees, and (lender bandy legs, owing to want of tten lie, and fitting in their canoes crofs legged. iTicfe ladies were very agrecabU 10 our crews, ■\lu) had lAopjwrtunity of intiulging an inter< ourfe with other wtomen (ince our departure from luigland; andth^;' fthn found out, that chaftity was n t a diftinguilhing pirt of their charadler. Their confent was eafilv pur- Chafed: a fpike nail, or an old ftiiit, was a ludicient ^iiribe; the lady was then left to make her man happy, "^d to exaOl from him another prefent for hcrfelf. We lift oliferve to the credit of fome of thefe women, and he difcredit of their men, that feveralof the former nitted to this proftitution with much feeming re- biice ; and they were fometimes terrified into a com- ic by the a>ithority and even menaces of the It. The New Zcalandcrs encourageil by the gain of difgraceful conuiierce, went through both the (hips, friiig their daughters and fillers to the promifcuous braces of every one for iron, tools, &:c. but the mar- women were not obliged to carry on this infamous 1 of trallic. Indeed it feems to be an ellabliftied ^om in New Zealand for a girl to beftow her favour a luiinbcrofinen. without the leaft infringement on •i haraillerj but after marriage, the ftrigtcft conjugal lity i. expeded from her. Sketches of the'moft iraderiftic of thi ir faces were taken by our draughtf- |n. Several of the old men in particular, had very ftnliive countenances J and fome of the young ones IK, d very favage, owing to their budiy hair hanging n iluir (aces. Their diefs is like what is cxactiv mbid in our copper-plates for this wvk. In the (iMii!.', tluy all went on ftiore, and eri\Vtcvl temporarv oppolite to the Ihips. 1 K re they made fires, and i;uia their flipper!, which conlifted of frcfli f:lh, Ich they caught with great dexteritv . One of ihcfc No 15. J a Indians Cdpt. Cook took over to Mortuara, and (liewed him fome potatoes, in a thriving condition, which were planted by Mr. Fanncn, niafter of the Adventure. The man was fo well pleafcd with them, that ol' his own accord, he began to hoc up the earth round the plants. He was then conducted to other plantations of turnips, carrots, and parfnips, of which it was cafy to give them an idea, by comparing them with fuch roots as they were well acquainted with. We muft further remark of thefe people, that not any of our me- thods of fifhing are equal to theirs. On the 'joth inftant, wc went over to Long Ifland, to colled fome hay which the crews had made, and to bring fome vegetables on board. In this trip we found fcvcral new plants, and fliot fome fmall bfrds, w hich we had not fccn before. In the afternoon, leave was given to fome of our failors to go on fliore, where they again purchafed the embraces of the women. Thefe fellows muft have been very keen in .eed, or they would have been difgufted with the uncleanlinefs of their doxies, all of whom had a difagrecablc liiiell, which might be fcented at a conCiderablc diftance ; and their clothes as well as hair fwarmed with vermin to a very great degree ; which they occafionally cracked between their teeth. It is furprizing how men, who had received a civilized education, could gratify the animal appetite w ith fuch loathfome creatures. VVhile this party were on fliorc, a young woman on board Hole one of our feamen's jackets, and gave it a young man of her own tribe; upon the failor . taking it from the Indian, he received fevcral blows on the face by the young fellow's (ilh At (irft the failor took this a; in joke, but upon perceiving the aflailant to be in earntft, he gave him a hearty Hnglidi drubbing, and madehiin cry out for quarters. At this titne Capt. Cook con- tinued his employment of fowing, in different fpot* cleared tor the purpofe, all forts of vegetafilcs that he thought would grow in this country, fuch as potatoes, beans, peas, c^rn, &c. On Tuefday the I ft of June, we were vilited by fe- vcral natives whom we had not feen before, and w ho brought with them fundry new articles of commerce ; among thefe were dogs, fome of w hich we puivhafed. Of thefe people we law a tew oddly marked in their face.-;, by fpiral lines deeply cut in them. Such kind of marks were very regular in the face of a middle-aged man, named 'i'ringho Waya, who appeared to he a perfon of note, and to have authority over his bietliaii. This company feemed to underftand perfecfly well Imw to trallic, and did not like we lliould make hard bar- gains. Some of thcin entertained us with a daiii c ort the ijuartcr deck, previous to which the)- parted with their upper garments, and ftood in a row. '['he\ fung a fong, aUil it. ^ liorus all together, makiiiiv during tlm performance many frantic gcftures. >lulic aicom- panicd this fong and dance, but is Was not very harmonious. On Wcdncfday the 2d. wc fet aftiore ^m the caft-fidc of the found a male and a fei\>ale goat. The latter, which was more than a year old, had two fine kids, that were killed by the cold (bnietime before we arrived inDulky Bay. Capt. Furneaux likewile put on llioie, in Cannibal Cove, a boar and t\.o breeding lows, w hich were left to range in the woods at pleal'ure. Sliould they remain unniolefted by the natives till they become ', lid, they will then be in no danger, and in time this country may be ftocked with thefe ufeful animals. In an cxcurfion made this day by fome of our peo[)le to the eaft, they met with the largeft feal the) had ever fccn. They dilcovercd it Iwimming on the furface of the water, and got nearcnoiii',h to (iu at it, but without etlccl ; and after purtiiing \i w w an hour, they were obliged to give over the chate, lU the ti/.e of this animal, it probably was a fea-lionefs ; Capt. Cook was of this opiixion from having fi-cn a fea-lion when he entered this found, in his former vovage ; anil he thought thele creatures had their aboile in tome of the rocks, that lie off Admiraltv Bay, ai\d in the ftrair. On the id, fome htxits were lent tc> Long llland, to bring away the renwinder 01 the ha) , and our canvnter 2 1- went «4 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES CO •T'. ... » J > H -I'l i m il M P L E T E. J,l. V'. • ii 'i went over to the eaft-liJc of the found, to cut down fome fpars, which were much wanted. On their re- turn, one of the boats was chafed by a large double canoe, containing above fifty men. Prudence didtated to cftcift an efcape by failing, for though the Indians might have no hoflilc intentions, yet this was a neccf- fary caution. Friday the 4th of June, being his Majefty's birth- day, we hoifted our colours, and prepared to celebrate the day with the ufual feftivities. Early in the morn- inir our friends brought us a large fupply of fifh. One of them proinifed to accompany u» in our voyage, but afterwards altered his mind, as did alfo feme others ■wlio had made a like promife to the people of the Ad- venture. It was very common for thefc people to bring their children with them, not with the unnatural intention of felling them, as w.is reported, but in cx- pcdation that we would make them prefents. A man brought his fon, a boy about ten years of age, and prc- fented him to Capt. Cook, who thought at tirll he wanted to fell him : but we foon found the delire of the father was inclined only towards a white (hirt, which vas given to his fon. The boy was fo highly delighted ■with his new garment, that he went all over the Ihip, prefcnting himfelf before every one who came in his vay. This freedom, or perhaps the colour of his drefs, or the hoy's antic gcllures, oltbndcd old Will, the ram goat, who by a Hidden butt knocked him backwards on the deck. The Ihirt was dirtied ; the nusfortunc fcerncd irreparable to the boy, who feared to appear before his father in the cabbin, until brought in by Mr. Forfler ; when he toKl a very lamcntalilc Ihiry .igainlt Gourey, the great dog (lor lb they called all the quad- rupeds we had aboard) nor would he be reconciled till his Ihirt was walhcd and dried. From this tritling (lory may be feen how liable we are to niillake thefe people's meaning, .ind to .?fcribe to them cuftoms they art utter fl rangers to. This day a large double canoe approached, well nianned: it came within niulket ftict, •nd contained alx)i;c th.ny men. Our friends on twarit told us they weie eni.ni.i..'> very earneftly. Among thefc new vilitors, (ni: Hood at the head of the canoe, and another at the Ikrn, while the rell kept their feats. One of iheni held a green bough, the New Zealand flag in his hand, and fpoke a few words. The other made a long harangue, in folemn and well articulated founds. Iking invited aboard, he at lall ventured, and was f )lk)\vcd foon by the tdt\, who eagerl) traded with us. They dirccily faluted the natives on board, by an apjilicatioiiof their nofes, and paid the fame compli- Lient to tlie gentlemen on thcquarter-deck. The chief's name was I'eiratu. The) all enquired for Tupia, and were much concerned at heai'ing of hU death. Thefe people were taller than any we had hitherto feen in New Zealand, aiul tb.;ir drefs and ornaments bcfpoke thiin fiiperior to the inhabitants of C^ieen Charlotte's Sound. Their '..x)ls were made with great attention, and were elega;!tly ca'Acd : we obtained a few of thefe, ai'.d alfo feme mwfical inllrumeius from them. '1 hey Diadc but a lliort llay, and, einbarking, the;, all went over to Mortuara, where; by the help of our glalfes, we liilVosLTed four or live canoes, and feverai people on the ibore. ,\bout noon Ca^ t. Cook, accompanied by feverai other gentlemen followed them, and were received with evciy \na:k of friendfliip. The captain diHribiited fcveral prefents .among which were a great number of brafs uudals inftribed w ith the king's title on one fide, and the ilup which utulertook this voy.tgc on the other. Tciratu appeared to be the chief among thefe people, by til.- great degree of refjioJt paid him. Capt. Cook tDnduc'kd Teiratu to the garden he had planted, and wbtaineil a promife from him that he would not fulfer It to be dcHroyed. F'.iirly in the morning of the 7th of June, we failed from this place in company with the Adventure, but hail fraiuent hindrances from contrary winds. On the twenty-fecond cf July wc were in lat. ;{i deg. jo inin. I""fi' '3.! '''-'I^- 4° '"'"• ^' ■^"^ ""^ f^"^ weather was fo 'Aarin, that we were obliged to put on lighter cloaths. Y>f did not fee :i finglc bird this day, which was 3 rather remarkable, as not one day had hitherto paffij I fince we left the land without feeing fevcral. Capt. Cook having heard that the crew of the Advcmiirc *•! were fickly, went on board the 29th of July, when he * J found the cook dead, and 20 men ill with the fcurvy and flux. Only three men were on the fick lilloj, board the Rcfolution, which was certainly owing to the ; captain's abfolutely enforcing the eating celery anj i fcurvy-grafs with the food, chough at firft the crcwdij not like it. All hopes of difcovcring a continent now vaniflicd, as wc had got to the northward of Cipt. Carteret, I tradts, and wc only cxpeded to fee iflands till out I return to the S, Every circumftance confidercd, wc were induced to believe that there is no Southern Con. tinent between New Zealand and America; it isvcr, certain that this paflage did not produce any furc lign's of one. On the 6th of Auguft, Capt. Furncaux came 0:1 1 board the Refolution to dinner, and reported, that l;!, people were much better, that the tlux had quite In: them, and that the fcurvy was at a ftand. ili; fcorburic people had been well fupplied With e\>'„., which in a great meafure contributed to this in; . change, land appeared to the fouth on the ek".>i:., inllant at day break, which we judged to be eiv,' ( ; thofe iilands difcovercd by Monf. Roiigainville. V, j called it Rcfoh.tion Ifland, it lies in the latitude df; (leg. 24 min. longituile 141 eg. (9 min. \V. V,. did not (lay to examine it, as it did not appear l.i.; enough to fupply our wants ; we therefore detcrnii:): 1 to make the bell of our way to Otaheite, where u; were fure of a plentiful fupply of refrertuncnt.'*. I. the evening we faw land again, which in all probal' '. was anotherof Monf Bougainville'.s difcoveries. 'I i, i we called I>)iibtful Illand. On the morning oftl.; 1 2th inrtant at day-break, we difcovercd land at ;ilx .: two miles .ihcad of us, fo that we were advifeil oi' i ,: danger but jufl iii time. This was another fmall 1 .. , drowned ifland. The fei broke againfl it in a dre.i ;. ful furf. This ifland is in latitude 17 deg. 5 in.n, I longitude 145 deg. 16 min. \V. M'e called it I'ur. neaux Ill«nd. On the 17th, we faw another of the: | idands ill latitude t7 deg. 4 min. lohgitude 144 ilc ,'o min. W. It is with vcn,- great propriety that | Monf. Bougainville calls thefc low overllowed iil.ir.l t lie Dangerous .VrchiiH-l.igo. We were under the ixt;; fiiy of proceeding with t)ie utmoll caution, cfpeeLii;/ 1 in the nii^ht, as ue were furrounded by them, whiu the fuioothnefs of the fca fufTicicMly indicated. ()i| the i.i-th, we found ourfelves clear of thefe illauil-., anl lleercd our courfe for Ot.ahcite. We faw Ofii ih.i:; Ifland (which was difcovercd by Capt. Wallis) i-ntlw | 15th, at five in the morning, and ^acquainted C.'.i;):. Furneaux that it was our intention to put into ih:.. j piha Bay, near the fouth end of Otaheite, and get whr. rcfrclhments wc could in that part of the iflaiul, befu.i 1 we went to Matavai. On the 18th, we were within a leagtic of the re.:. On account of the breeze failing us, wc hoilUd n.; oar boats to tow the fhips off, but they could not ki.i us from being carried too near the reef. Many in- habitants came on board from dilferent paits, \\\v brought fruits, &:c. to exch.ingc ; they moll of t!\ . knew Capt. Cook .again, and enquired for Mr. I3.i •: and others, but none of them aiked for Tupia. 0, • litu.ation became ftill more dangerous as the caliiie : tinned. On fending td examine the wellern point : the reef, in order to get round that way into the b. we found that there was not fulTicient depth olw.ui: Both Ihips were carried with great impetuolity lov ir.'> the reef, and all the horrors of (liipwreck now IhireJ i inthcf.ice. The breakers were not two cable> kii; from us. and wc could find no bottom to anchor. TI Refolution came at three fathoms water, and ftrikk.i: every foil of the fea, but the Adventure broiighr ip under our bow without ftriking. The dre.adfii li- which broke under our ftern threatened our flii[)U! '. every moment At length wc found ground a h;t- vulhuuc the bafun, and got the Ihip .doac by cuttmi; -. . a\uy r E. i'^^M'. day had hitherto paff^j feeing fcvcral, Capt :rew of the Adventure C29thof July, when he! icn ill with the fcurvv ere on the fick lill „„ j s certainly owing to the I the eating celery and )gh at firftthccrewilijj :ontinent now vaniflicd rd of Cap:. Cartcrct'i | to fee iflands till our nftancc confidcred, \\( re is no Southern Con. nd America ; it is vcrj t produce any fure lli-nj H. Furncaux came on 1 , and reported, that !i » | the Hux had quite I'as at a Hand. The I I fupplied' with c\c,.\ 'ributcd to this hiipr,' e fouth on the clcv,!;' I'c judged to Ik; en wf. Hougainville. \',, es in the latitude ol'i; -g. 39 niin. W. \\[ it did not appear lai^'. ve therefore detcriniii'rj I to Otaheite, where uc y of refrelliiucnts. la | which in all probal;;!::; illc's difcoverics. Th't l ►n the morning of the ifcovcrcd land at ahu,: ive were advilld of u,.fl was another finall hi.i e againll it in a dreii. itude 17 dcg. 5 n\.;i. V. Wc called it 1 ur. L e faw another of thcf: | n. lohgitude 144 li,^ V great propriety thi; low overllowed iilan e were under the ncc;:. 1 io(V cHution, efpcci.ill/ indcd by them, whiii •ieivrly indicated. Oil ;tirof thefc illaml-,, :i :. We fiw Ofiiih )y Capt. Wallis) ivi;iis and ^acquainted ('.ipt. ition to put into Dr.;. Otaheite, and get «hr. art of the ifland, bcfon I /■■^r ^-i^f ->,% ■-..'•' t ' .■''> " ' ■ ; -. ''k ' ■' '' • ' '■ i ■■.: ■,■■ ■ .■• ",■■>''' .,•■■ •■ . ;'r:' . I ; ;l •■ )/■ , t " ' .1' '■ y> 1 1' ■ ■'r ^,.-V:^- ■>:-■■•,•..■-(, '^^/'^IbV ■ !• -.1 . ■> ' ' tkJ t'ii-4* .«*''* A"^"-***'''- ■•'■'* W^ ■ *•-. *► t^* »'t^*''^.»tt. <.ta« 'v^-kwjt •!r '»>:' y-y-: ;•.« ' . t^ --j»>T-,»- •X-JI**/ <«i4-'|»V H f'.. 'V\' ' s ' r^, '^ .-» .1 f 'f •xntuatmi': ■ •jnHm- 'A :fr^^ ^4?-fi^' ' dt^. -■„" ■j.«v'^- ■« S»« -,-i. > '«S; •'f»i. ^t^ttH., -"'■«». "^''■-mf,.i •<' r.i^ r»«* j' fivV.'V'"^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) k A /- 4i 1.0 I.I 1.25 1^ 1^ 10 1.8 U ill 1.6 6" v] <^ /^ v: <^^. .0^ '> .V <^-^^ 4i^ ^. ^ \\ *. w M . . hO wwnf% - -HI . .m'^-v^f ■•■m^ m f'',i'. BJ» :W r« ^Si '»« H «i*^ **fel^ :^f -^k *l.?rrf- ifi f:r r iM '^• -•r^M i^'il^^ ■■h :i ' I t^i^li- M''^ ■ -M*cr ■'^i:-"-<: .--^ ,A"v .-mV ^- *«?* 'i/ ■■u x^f w ' 9^' £a "^m r »:; (#"• ir' W-. / M ,0m 1 ' T-T^ ~— Ij !|!''" ' ' ' , !lit1'|i''!| !, V', :,. ,,, . .i'Jl illlll'ill iljli |li. I|! Ill iii'i' / \ i''V '■' i 1 'i i lljlrjil; ■ , ■ •■' III'' : . .-• <& ^* .*,(,' liiiiiiij jijiji l'l| 1 ;. : •■ , , ''' i ■ ,v '^'^ '■; ..1. 1 'ji' ' i ■ 1 i: ; 1 1 t i 1 1 il 'Il II! 1 1 ;' ill! 1 'illn 'III 1 1 p'i i !*! i ■ '■•'':':,■•' ■■■: ll^ ; ■■I'UlJ' !i!i i II ll hnt^ 1, ii' .■ ', I ii; ! i! i 1 ' Ii i ' "iil'lliil ' m •'I . 1 111" ■|!l' "' llli i ■ il i i ll ill. \- '!■'.■ ' - J 1 ■ • ^ ^1 ■ •'' ! '■ .1 '1'. , ^1 ' 'ii' i i ! " 1 !|> • Ml 1 1 ■. ■' 1" '-*. 1 ':"' ii^i 1,, 1 ; 1 '1 III i'' '-v . - i 1 '• 1 iill i i i ' if ' 'III '■ 1 :m. ■1J1- »&• COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— ibr making Di/coveria in the SoutA Seas & Round the fVor/J. 1 35 away the bower anchor, and the tide ceafed to ad in the fame diredion. We happily towed pfFthe Refolutiont and all the boats were ordered to altiltthc Adventure. We happily got once more fafe at fea, after narrowly efcaping (hipwreck. A number of the natives were on l)oard the fliips while we were in this perilous fituation, but were totally infcnfible of any danger, even while \re were (Iriking, and when they parted with us they feemed quite unconcerned. We anchored in Oati-piha Bay, very near the fliore, and were vifited by a great number of the natives, who brought roots, fruii, &c. Prefents were made to their chieft of fliirts, axes, and other articles, in return for which they promifed hogs, fowls, &c. but we believe they never intended to keep their proniife. In the afternoon. Captains Cook arid Furneaux landed to found the difpofition of the natives, and to view the watering-place. The natives behaved with great civility, and wc had a very convenient fupply of water. We recovered the Refolution's bower anchor, which we were obliged to leave ; but the Adventure loft three in the time of our extremity, which were never ri-cover- cd. We were ftill fuj^lied with fruit and roots, but not in large quantities. A party of men were trading on ftiorc, under the procciflion ot a guard. We could not get any hogs from the natives, though plenty were faid to be fccn about their Iiabiutions, they all faid they belonged to Wahc.itow, their chief, whom we had not feen. A nun who pretended to be a chief came on board w ith fevcral of his friends, to whom prefents were made, but he was dctcded in handing fevcral Ihinj^s over the quarter gallery ; and as complaints of the lame nature were alledgcd againll thofe on the deck, the captain took the liberty to turn them all i>ut of the fliip. The captain was fo cxafpcrated at the coiuiuci of I he pretended chief, that he fired two imifqucts over his head, which terrified him fo much, that he quitted his canoe and took to the water. On fending a boat to take up the canoe, the people from the fliore pelted the boat with fioncs. The captain went hinifclf in another boat to protetil her, he likcwife ordered a cannon loaded with "ball u, ^^f fired along the coaft, which terrified them fufiicicntly, and he brought away the canoes without any oppofition. They foon became friends again, and the canoes were returned. Two or three people began to enquire after Tupia,but they were foon fatisfied when they heard the raufc of his death. Several people alked for Mr. Banks, and other people who were at Otaheite with Capt. Cook before. Wc were informed by thefc peo- ple, that there had been a battle fought between the two kingdoms, that Toutaha, the regent of the greater peninf'iila, was flaiii, and that Otoo reigned in his Head. In this battle Tubourai, I'amaidc, and fcveral of our old friends fell. A peace was now fully efiabliflied. On the iQth, the two commanders made an excur- fion along tne coart, and were entertained by a chief (whom they met) with fome excellent fifti, &c. to whom in return they made feveral prefents. On the 20th, one of the natives Hole a gun from the people on iliore. Some of the natives purfucd him of their own accord, who knocked him down and brought back the mufqiiet. We Imagine that fear operated more with them in this bufinels than any other motive. On the 2ift, a chief came to vifit us, who brought in a pre- fent of fruit, vhich proved to be fome cocoa-nuts that we had drawn the water from and thrown overboard. He had fo artfully tied them up, thatwe did not foon difcover the deceit. He did not betray the lead emotion when wc told him of it, and opened two or three of them himfeltj as if he knew nothing of the matter ; he then pretended to be fatisfied that it was really fo, and went on fliore, from whence he fent fome bananoes and plantains. We were informed that VVaheatow was come into the neighbourhood, and wifhed to fee Capt. Cook, who accordingly went in company with Capt. Furneaux and fome gentlemen: they were likcwife attended by fome natives. About a mile from the landing place they met the chief ad- \ anting to meet them with a numerous train. When the prince perceived the company, he halted. He knew Capt. Cook \ery well, as they had feen each other feveral times in 1769. He went at that time by the. name of Tcrace, and took his father's name at his death. We found him fitting on a ftool j and as foon as the ufual falutatidn was over, he feated Capt. Cook on the fame ftool with hitnfelf j the reft fat on the ground. He enquired after feveral who had been on the former voyage, and feemed forry when we told him m e muft fail the next day, offering the captain that if he would flay he ftiould have hogs irt plenty. Capt. Cook made him many prefents, and ftaid with him the whole morning. This party returned on board of fliip to dinner, and made this chief another vifit in the after- noon-, made him more prefents, and he gave us two hogs. At the different trading places fome ethers were got, fothata meal's freflipork fer\'ed for the crews of both ftiips. Early in the morning of the 24th, we put to fea, and were accompanied by feveral canoes, who brought cargoes of fruit for falc ; neither did they return till they had difpofed of them. The fick people on board the Adventure got much relief from thefe fruits. We left a lieutenant on fliore, in order to bring fome hogs, which they promifed to fend by him. He returned on the 25th, and brought tight pigs with him. Wc arrived at Matavai Bay in the evening of the 25th, and our decks were crowded with natives before wc could get to anchor, almoft all of them were acquainted with Capt. Cook. Otoo their king and a great crowd were got together on the fliore. Capt. Cook was going on Ihorc.to pay him a vifit, but was told that he was gone to Oparee in a fright; which feemed very extraordinary to the captain, as all others were much plcafed to fee him. Maritata, a chief, was on board, and advifcd the captain to defer his vifit till next morning. The cap- tain fetout on the 26th for Oparee, after having given diredions to fetch tents for the reception of the fick, &c. Capt. Furneaux, Maritata and his wife, and fome others, went with the captain. They were condudcd to Otoo as foon as they were landed, w ho fat on ihe ground under a fliady tree, with a great number of jK'ople around him. Capt. Cook made him feveral prelcnts, after the ufual compliments had paflcd, being very well pcrfuadcd that it was much to his intereft to cftablilh a fricndfliip with this man. His attendants alfo had prefents made to them, they ofllred cloth in return, which Was refufed, being told that whiit was given was merely out of friendlhip. Otoo enquired for all the gentlemen who had been there before, as well as for Tupia, and promifed to fend fome hog;; on boardj but was very backward in faying he would come on board himfelt) being, as he faid, much afraid of the great guns. He was certainly the moft timid prince, as all his adions dcmonftrated. He was a pcrlbnable well made man, fix feet high, and about thirty years of age. His father and all his fubjedts were uncovered before him, that is, their heads and flioulders were made bare. On the 37th, the king Otoo came to pay us a vifit, attended by a numerous train j he fent before him two large fifli, a hog, fome fruits, and a large quantity of cloth. After much perfuafion he came on board him- fclf, accompanied byhisfiftcrs, a younger brother, &c. with many attendants, who all received prefents ; and when they had breakfiifted, carried them home to Oparee. Upon landing, an old lady, the mother of Toutaha, met Capt. Cook, feized him by both hands, and, weeping bitterly, told him that her fon and his friend Toutana were dead. Had not the king taken her from Capt. Cook, he muft have joined her lamenta- tions. It was with a good deal of ditliculty that the captain prevailed on the king to let him fee her again, when he made her fome prefents. Capt. I''urneaux gave the king a male and female goat, which wc hope will multiply. A lieutenant was fent to Attahourou on the 28th, to purchafe hogs. The king, with his fifter and fome attendants, paid us another vifit foon after fun-rife, and brought with them a hog, fome fruit, and fome more cloth. They likcwife went on board the Adventure, 136 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE., Adventure, and made Capt. Furneaux the fame prc- fcnts. Soon after they returned, and brought Capt. Furneaux with them. Capt. Cook made them a good return for the prefents they brought, and drelled out the king's fiftcr to the grcateft advantage. The king was carried again to Oparcc, when his Ota- hcitan majcfty thought proper to depart, and was en- tertained as he went with bagpipes and the feamen ■ dancing. Some of his people danced alfo in imita- tion of the feamen, and performed their parts tole- rably wvW. Toutaha's mother again prefented herfclf to Capt. Cook; but could not look upon him without fheddmg many tears. The next day the king promifcd to viflt us again, but faid we mud firfl wait upon him. The lieutenant whom we fent for hogs returned only with a promifcof having fonie, if he would go back in 'a few days. On the twenty-ninth the commanders took a trip to Oparce, early in the morning, attended by fome of- ficers and gentlemen, and made the king fuch prefents as he had not before feen. One of them was a broad fword ; at the fight of whirh he was very much inti- midated, and dclired it might be taken out of his fight. With a vaft deal of argument he was prevailed upon to fuffer it to be put on his fide, where it remained a very fliort time. We received an invitation to the theatre, where we were entertained with a dramatic piece, con- fiding of comedy and dance. The fubject we could not well find out; though we heard frequent mention of Capt. Cook's name during the performance. The performers were one woman, which was no lei's a pcr- fonage than the king's fitter, and five men, and their nufic conlilled of only three dnims. The whole en- tertainment was well conduded, and laftcd about two hours. W'hcn this divcrlion was over, the king de- lircd us to depart, and loaded us with fruit and ftlh. The king fcnt more fruit and fifii the next morning. In the evening of the thirtieth wc were alanned with the cry of murder from the (horc. A boat was i.iimcdiatdy armed, and fent on fhore, to bring off any of our people who might be found there without orders, and to difcover the occafion of thedifturbance. The boaf foon returned, with a feaman and three ma- rines ; others were taken, who belonged to the Adven- ture, and even put under clofe confinement till the morning, when they were fcverely puniflied accord- to their demerits. The people would not confefs any thing, and it did not appear that any material injury had been done. The difturbance might be occalioncd b) the fellows making too free with the women : not- withfi.mdingthis, the alarm was fo great, that the na- tives tkd from their habitations in the night ; and the inhabitants of the whole coaft were terrified. The king himfelf had Hed a great way from the place of his abode ; and when Capt. Cook faw him, he complained to him of the difturbance. Capt. Cook prefented the king with three Cape fiicep, as it was hi; laft vifit. With this prefent he was very well pleafcd, though he had not much reafon to be fo, as they were all wea- thers ; this he was made acquainted with. The king's fears were now dilTipated, and he prefented us with three hogs, one of which was very finall, which wc took notice of. Soon after a perfon came to the king, and fecmcd to fpeak very peremptorily alwut the hogs, and wc thought he was angry with him for giving us fo many, and more fo when he took the little pig away with hiin ; but we were much miftaken, for loon after we were gone, another hog was brought to us, larger than the other two. The king fcemed much aftcctcd vhen Capt. Cook told him he fliould leave the ifiand the next day. They embraced each other fevcral times, and departed. On the firft of September wc determined to depart, as the fick were nearly recovered, the necell'ary repairs of tht; fiiip were completed, and plenty of water pro- vided. Mort of the day was employed in unmooring the flilps ; and in the afternoon the lieutenant returned, who had been fcnt for the hogs promifcd. With him came Pottatou (the chief of the difiriA of Attahou- nou), with his wife, to pay Capt. Cook a vilit, and I made him a prefent of two hogs and fome filh. The lieutenant got likewife two more hogs. As the wind was wcfterly, we were obliged to difmifs our friends fooner than they wiflied ; but they were very well faris- fied with the reception they met with. A young man, named Poreo, came on board fome hours before we got under fail, and dcfired to go with us, to which we confented ; and at the fame time he afked for an axe and a fpikc nail for his father, who camcwith him on board. They were accordingly given him, and they parted with great indiftercncc, which feemcd to indicate that they had deceived us, and no fuch confanguinity fub- fifted. Prefcntly a canoe, condudtdd by mo men, came along-fide, and demanded Poreo in the name of Otoo. We informed them that wc would part with him if they would return the hatchet and fpike nail, but they faid they were afliore ; fo the young gentleman failed alone with us, though he wept when he faw the land at our Itern. On the fccond wc fleered our ccurTc for the ifland of Huaheine, and the Refolution anchored in twenty-four fathoms water on the third inftant, but the Adventure got afliore on the north fide of the chan- nel, but flic was happily got ofl* again without receiv. ing any damage. The natives rccehrcd lu with the ut- moft cordiality, fevcral of whom came on board be- fore our commanders went on fliore. Some prefents were diflributed amongft them, which were gratefully returned by a plentiful fupply of hogs, fruit, &c. Here we had a fine proljpwfl of being plentifully fupplied with frefli pork and fowls, which was to us very plea- fing. Two trading parties were fent afliore on the fourth inflant, which were very well condudled. Capt. Cook was informed that Orec was flill nlire, and waited to fee him. The commanders, with Mr. Forfter, went to the place appointed for the interview, accompanied by one of the natives. The boat was landed belore the chiefs houfc, and we were dcfired to remain in it till the neccflary ceremony was gone through. There flood clofc to the fliorc five young plantain trees, which arc their emblems of peace: theft were, with fome cere- mony, brought on board feparately. The firft three were each accompanied by a young pig, whole cars were ornamented with cocoa-nut fibres; the fourth planuin tree was accompanied by a dog. All thefc had particular names and meanings, which we could not underrtand. The chief had carefully prcfcrved a piece of pewter, with an infcription on it, which Capt. Cook had prefented him with m 1769, together with a piece of counterfeit Englifli coin, which, with a few beads, were all in the fame bag the captain made for them ; thefe the chief fent on board. Tnis part of the ceremony being over, wc were dciired by our guide to dccoi-atc three young plantain trees with nails, looking- glafles, beads, medals, &c. With thefe in our hands we landed, and were condufted through the multitude. Wc were dirc»5led to fit down a few paces before the chief,and the plantains were laid one by one before him. Wc were told that one was for God, another for the king, and the third for friendfliip. "ITiis being done, the king came to Capt. Cook, fell on his neck, and kifled him. A great cffufion of tean fell dow n the ve- nerable cheeks of this old man ; and if ever tears fpokc the language of the heart, furely thefe did. Prefents were made to all his attendants and friends. Capt. Cook regarded him as a father, and therefore prefented him with the mofl valuable articles he had. He gave the captain a hog, and a good deal of cloth, with the promife that all his wants fliould be fupplied. Soon after we returned on board, fourteen hogs were fent us, with fowls and fruit in abundance. In the morning of the fifth inflant wc were vilitcd by this good old man, who brought a hog and fome fruit ; indeed he fent the captain every day ready drclTed fruit and roots in great plenty. This morning the lieutenant went on fliorc in fcarch of more hogs, and returned in the evening with twenty-eight, and about fcventy more w ere purchafcd on fliorc. On Monday the fixth of September the trading party went on fliore as ufual ; it only confiftcd of three people. Capt. Cook went on fliorc after brcakfaft, and I , .. , • learnt COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seat & Round the World. 1 37 learnt that one of the inhabitants had been very infolcnt and troublcfotnc. This man was (hewn to the captain, equipped in his war habit, and he had a club in each hana. The captain took thcfc from him, as he per- ceived him bent on mifchief, broke them before his face, and obliged him to retire. The captain being informed that this man was a chief, became a little fufpicious of him, and fcnt for a guard. About this time a gentlema!^ had gone out botanizing alone ; two men aflaulted hi..i, and ftrippcd him ofcwry thing but his trowfers; luckily they did him no harm, though they ftruck him feveral times with his own hanger. They made off when they had done this, and another of the natives brought a piece of cloth to cover him. This gentleman prefently appeared at the trading place, where a number of the natives were aflemblcd, who all fled at feeing him. Capt. Cook pcrfuadcd fome of them to return, aflliring them that none fhould fuftlr who were innocent. When the king heard this com- plaint, he and his companions wept bitterly j and as foon as his grief was alTwaged, he made a long harangue to the people, telling them the bafencfs of fuch actions, when the captain and his crew had always behaved fo well to them. He then took a particular account of the things the gentleman had loir, and promifcd they fliould be returned, if it was in his power to find them. After this he dcfired Capt. Cook to follow him to the lioat, but the people benig apprehenlive of his fafcty, ufcd every argument to dilFuadc him fron ' . It is jmiwflible to defcribe the grief they exnrcl ■ J in the intreaties they ufed ; every face ^^■\s bedewed with tears, and every mouth was filled wi'h the moft dif- fuafive arguments. Oree was deaf .0 them all, and infilled on going with the captal.i ; when th^y both were in the boat, he dcfired it might t " put oft". The only perfon who did not oppofe his going, was his f ftcr, and l]»e (hewed a magnanimity of fpirit equal to her brother. We proceeded in fcarch of the rob- bers, as far as it was convenient by water, and then landed. The chief led the way, travelled feveral miles, and enquired after them of all he faw. We then went into a cottage, and had (bmc rcfrefliment. The king wanted to proceed fiirther, and was vith great difficulty diifuaded from it by Capt. Cook. VVh.n we returned to the boat, we were met by the king's (ifter, who had travelled over land to that place, accom- panied by feveral other perfons. The king infilled on going into the boat with us, as well as his filler. We returned to the (liip, and the king made a very hearty dinner ; though his filler, according to cuftoni, ate nothing. We made them fuitable prefents for the confidence they had placed in us, and fet them afljorc amidft the acclamations of multitudes. Peace was now perfetSly re-ellablinicd, provilions poured in from all quarters, the gentleman's hanger and coat were returned, and thus ended thefe troublcfome tranfac- tions. We went to take our leave of Orec while the fliips were unmooring, and prefcntcd him with things both valuable and ufeful. We left him a copper-plate, with this infcription. " Anchored here, his Britannic Majefty's fliips kelblution and Adventure, September 1773." After we had traded for fuch things as we wanted, we took our leave, which ^as a very aftec- tionatc one. On returning to the (hips, they were (crouded, as on our arrival, with canoes filled with hogs, fowls, &c. Soon after wc were on board, the king came, and informed us that the robbers were taken, and defired us to go on fliore, that we might behold their exemplary puni(hment. This we fliould have been glad to have done, as fo much pains had been taken to difcover them ; but it was out of our power, as the Adventure was out of harbour, and wc were under fail. The good old king flaid with us till wc were near two miles out at fea, and then, after taking another afleiflionate leave, parted. During our (lay here, wc procured upwards of three hundred hogs, be- fides fowls and fruit in great abundance. While at this ifland, Capt. Furneaux engaged a young maOi named Omai, a native of Ulitca^ who had bccn>«iif* Np, 1(5, • •, •"- poflefled of his property by the people of Bdabola, to accompany him on his voyage. This young man has a good underflanding, honefl principles, and a natural good behaviour. But his hiftory iy fo well known in England, that wc will not enlarge upon it. On Wcdnefday the 8th, wc entered the harbour of Ohamaneno ; the natives crouded about us with hogs and fruit as foon as we were anchored. We rcfufcd the hogs, as wc had already more than we could manage; but feveral of the principal people obliged us to take them whether we would or no. We made a vifit on the 9th to Oreo, who is the chief of this part of the ifland of Ulitea, HeexprelTed great fatisfaiition on feeing Capt. Cook again, and defired him to ex- change names with him, which the latter agreed to : this is a diftinguilhing mark of friendfliip. Here we traded as ufual, but the balance of trade was much in our favour. On the loth, the chief entertained us with a comedy! a very entertaining part of which was a theft, committed, with amazingdextcrity,byamanand his accomplice. Before the thief has time to carry off the prize, he is difcovered, and a fcufflc enfues ; the dif- cowrers are vanquifhcd, and the thieves go oft" in triumph. We returned to dinner after the play was over, and as we were walking on ftiore in the evening, one of the natives informed us that there were nine un- inhabited iflands to the weftward. Oreo and his fon paid us a vifit early in the morn- ing of the II th of September, and brought, as ufual, hogs and fruit with them. We drefled the youth in a iliirt, and fomc other articles, of which he was not a liuje proud, .^ftcr flaying fomc hours, they went afliorc, and (b did Capt. Cook foon after, but to another part of the fliore. When the chief heard he was landed, he went of his own iiccord and put a hog and fomc fruit in the boat, and returned without faying any thing of it to any other pcdbn. He afterwards came with fome friends to dinner. After dinner, Po-oorau, who is the moft eminent chief of the ifland, made us a vifit. He was introduced by Oreo, and brought a pre- fcnt with him; for which he received a handfome re- turn. We promifcd to vifit both the chiefs the next morning: which wc accordingly did, in company with feveral gentlemen. Another play was aded, and two very pretty young women performed ; cthcrwifc this piece was not fo entertaining as the one wc faw be- fore. On the 1 4th, we fent on (bore for a fupply of bananocs and plantains, for fea flore. Oreo and fome friends paid us a pretty early vilit, when we informed him, that we would dine with him on fliore, and dcfired he would let us have two pigs for dinner, drefled in their fafliion. Wc found the floor of the chief's houfc (Ircwed thick with leaves, and wc were foon featcd round them. Soon after the pigs came tumbling over our heads upon the leaves ; and they were both ick hot as fcarcely to be touched. The table was orna- mented with hot bread-fruit and plantains : we had likewife a quantity of cocoa-nuts to drink. Wc never faw viduals drcifed cleaner nor better in our lives, and it had a moft exquilite flavour, much fuperior tQ viduals drelFcd in our mode; how they contrived it we cannot tell, but though one of thefe hogs weighed fifty pounds at Icaft, it was well done in every part, and not too much done in any. Oreo and his fon, with fome male friends, dined with us. Wc had a great number of attendants and people who came to fee us thus dine in public, to whom pieces of pork were handed. The chief did not rcfufe his glafs of Madeira whenever it came to his turn, and wc never at this, or any other time, faw him aftcctcd by it. The boat's crew took the remainder when we had dined. In the afternoon we were again entertained with a play. On the 15th, we had a fufficient proof of the timor- ous difpolition of thefe people. Wc rather wondered that none of them came to the (hips as ufual. Wc were afraid that a« two men of the Adventure's crew (laid out all night contrary to orders, that the natives had ftrippcd them, or done them fome other injury, and were afraid wc fliould revenge their tondiid. We . a M went i..^- ''■■>^'" 138 Capt. C O O K'8 VOY.AGES COMPLETE. went allirrc, ami found the neighbourhood ncarl/ defertcd. Prcfeiuly the two men made their ap- pearance, and reported that they had been very civilly treated. Wc could get no account of the caufe of their flight, and could only learn from a few pcrfons who ventured near us, that feveral were killed and wounded, and pointed to their bodies where the balls of the guns went in and out. Capt. Cook was very uneafy at this relation, fearing for the fafety of the pemjlegonctoOtaha. In order to get the bed information, the captain dctcr- mincil to go to the chief himfelfj w horn, after much fe;irching for, he found feated under the (hade of a houfe, with a great many people round him. There was a great lamentation as foon as Capt. Cook ap. proachcd, the chief and all his company burlling into tears. After all this piece of work, it was found that the caufe of their alarm was on account of our boats being abfent, fupmfnig that the people in thcin had defcrted us, and tnat we (hould adopt violent methoiU to recover them. They were fatisfied when Capt. Cook aflurcd them there was no ciufc for alanu, and that the boats would certainly return. On tlic morning of the i(nh, wc paid the chief a viiit, who was in his own houfe in perfect tranquillity. At this tinip Poreo left us. ■ -iV- :»»■ t-3= =s:-jt-:-iI= C HA P. III. =■«»■ A SpiVii/l\/l>ip vijils Oiaheite — Slate of the ijlamis — Remarks on ibe difeafes and cufloms of the natives — Mijlaken notions concerning the li'omen, mre.'/ed — Pa/fage f'mn Ulilea to tbe Friendly Ijics — Hn\ry's Ijlaiid di/loirred — Imidents at Mid- (ilehnrgh — The ttco Jbips arrive at Amjirrdam — A place of -.vorjhip difiriied — Incidents that happened during tbctr JhiY at that i/land — The a/>cze ijlands defritied — Tbeir produce — Cultivation — Hoiifes — Caiixi — Navigation Maim- fai'lures — H eapons—Qi/lonis — Viovernment — Religion and language nf the inbabitants. ON the 17th of September, Iwing Friday, wc de- termined to put to fea, having a good fupply of all kinds of refrelbnients. IJeforcwe failed, Oreo and his fon paid us a vilit. Several canoes filled with fruit and hogs furrouniled us : of the latter we could re- ceive no more, our decks b-'ing fu croudcd with them that we could fcarcely iiiove. In Iwth fliips were about three hundred and fifty. Oreo and his friends did not leave us till we wore under fail, and earneftly impor- tuned us to tell them when we fliould return. Capt. C'lxik, as many young ip.en offered to come away with us, took one on board, about 18 yeai-s of age, named (Vdidcc, a native of Holabola, and a near relation of the great Opoony, chief of the illantl. When wc were out of the harbour and had made fail, a canoe was ohi'crved following us conduced by two men ; where- upon *e brought to, and when aiong-lidc, they deli- vered U) Capt. Cook a prefent of roalled fniit, and J-(X)is, from Oreo. The captain after having made them a proper return let fail to the well, w ith the Ad- venture in company. Wc fliall here give fome further nccount of thele illands, fome things, whi^h arc rather intererting, having been omitted in the relation of daily tranfacHons and incidents. A fe« da\ s after our arrival at Otaheitc we were told, that a ihip, about the li/.e of the Refolution, had vilited Onhaiurua Harbour, at theS. \L end of the ifland; at w hich place, after having remained three weeks, flic lieparted about three months before our arrival. Four of the natives went away in her, wliofe names were Dcbedebea, Paoodou, Tanadooee, and Opahiah. We conjectured ihe was a I'rench fliip, but at the Cape of Good Hope, we were informed ilie was a Spaniuid, fent out from America. The natives of Otaheitc com- plained of a diforder communicated to them by the people in this Ihip, which they defcribed as affecting the head, throat, and ftomach, and at length they faid it killed them. This fliip they called Paliai-no Peppc Sfliip of Peppc) and the difeafe they named Apano *ep-pe, jult as they call the venereal difeafe Apano (Prctane (iMiglilh difeafe) yet to a man, they fay this Joathfome diltemper was intnxluced among them by JVI. lie Bougainville ; and they thought he came from Prctane, as well as every other fliip that touched at the illand, We were of opinion, that long before thefc itlandcrs were vifited by Europeans, this, or a difeafe rear a-kin to it, had exilled among them ; for they told us people died of a diforder, which we imagined to be venereal, before that period. But be this as it may, the difeafe is far Icfs common among them than it was in 1 769, when wc firft vifited thefe ides. In the J ears 1767 and 1768, the ifland of Otaheitc, as it were, 1 warmed with nogs and fowls; but at thjs ^me it was fo ill fupplicd with thclc animals, that hardly any thing could tempt the owner* to part w itii them ; and the little flock they had fceined to be at the difjHjfal of their kings. V\ hen we lay at Oaiti-piha Bay, in the kingdom of Ti.irraboii, or lefl'er Pcninfula, we were given to underfland, that every hog and fowl belonged to Waheatoua j and that all in the kingdom of Opoureonu, or the greater Peninfula, belonged t<) Otoo. While at this ifland we got only 24 hogs in 17 days; half of which came from the kings thcmfelves, and the other half wc were inilincd to think were fold us by their permiflion. But with refpcd to all the fruit* produced in the ifland, w ith thefe we were abundantly fupplied, except bread-fruit, which was not in fcafon. Cocoa-nuts and plant.iins, we got the nioft ofj the latter, wiih a few yams and other rolcs length from the fliore. VVc had fcarccly anchored, when wc were furroundcd with Indians, fonie in canoes, and fome fwimniiiig, fcvcral came on board, and anwngthcm a chief, named Tioony, to whom Capt. Cook prcfcntcd a hatchet, fpikc-nails, and other articles, with which he was hignly plcaf- cd, A party of our people, in company witi Tioiiiiy, went on llioie, who were conducUd to a little creek fo led by the rocks, right abrcaft of the (liips, w here landing was very cafy, and the boats fecure af;,!!!!!! the furf. Here we were Hduted with loud acclamiitioin, by an immcnfe croud of people, who (litwed the mott evident ilgiis of pacific intentions, not one of thtm having fo much as a ftick, or any wea)ion in tlieir hands. 'Ilicy tlironged fo thick round tlie boats witii cloth, matting, iicc. that it was fome time before wc could make good otir landing. Many of them, who could not get near the boats, threw over the others heada whole bales of cloth, and retired imiiicdiatclv, without either afking, or waiting to get any thing m return. At length the chief caufed them to ojien to the right and left, and make room for us to huul. We were then coniluctcd up to his houfe, which was fituatcil about 300yaiiii from the fea, at the end of a fine hiwn, and under f me ihadd'vk trees. In the from was the profpecl of ihc Tea, and the fliips at anchor. I'lantations abouniiing wr.h tht.' richcft pjoductions of nai'iiv, were placed behind, and on each lidc. We were Icatcd on mats, laid on the lloor, ami ,'.ie )U''\\t:s plared tiieiii- fel\es in a cir. ie rtiuiul on th'- cuilide. Ha\ing with lis bag-pipes, Capt. Cook oidcivii them to be pjiyed, and in return, the chief direO.Ud three young uumen to ling a fong, which they did with an excrrding good grace: and a few prefcnts licing diftiibuted amon;^ thefc young v^omen, fee all the reil in the circle t Ting- ing, who did not fit down unrewarded. Their fongs were in no wife harfli, but on the contrary mii1i' a! and harmonious. Having continued here fome nine, at our own rei^ucf^, we were conducted to another phin- tation, where tnc chief had a houfe, into wiiicli wc were introiluced. Bananocs and cocoa-nuts were fet before us, andaboulof liquor, prepared in ourpiv- fencc, of the juice ot.iv.4, in the niannor already re'ated; the latter of which was prefenti.'d to each of us in cups mailc by the folding of green leaves, containing near half a pint each cup ; but Capt. Cook was the only jierfon who tailed the liquor: however the bowl was loon cmptieil by the natives, of which both men and women partook; but we obferved that the fame cup was never filled twice, nor did two pcrfons drink out of it ; each had a frelh cup and frelli liquor. The houfe we were now entertained in was (ituatcd at one angle of the |)!antation, abounding with fruit and trees, whofe fragrance dilfufeil a pleafing odour, and the fpreading braiK lies matle an agreeable (hade. Before tnc houfe was an area, on which we were feated. It being now noon, we retunud on board to dinner, with the chief Tioony in our company. We had on the t.able frclli pork, but he cat notning, which wc thought fomewhat extraordinary. After dinner wc again went on fliore, and were reix-ived as Ix-forc. Mr. Forller, with his l^itanical party, and fome other gentlemen, took a walk into the countr)-. Our two captains were conducted to the diiefs houfe, where fruit, and fome greens were fet before us. Having juft dined wc could not eat much, but Oedidec and Omai did honour to the dcfert. \N'c now intimated a defirc of feeing the country, and 1 ioony very readily gratified our wilhes. Fie led us through feveral plantations, laid out with great judgment, and imlofed with fences made of reeds. Moft of them belonged to our hofpitable chief, and were all in very good order, and planted with various fruit trees. Ho.^s and very large fowls, the only domeftic animals we faw, were running near the houfcs, and in the lanes that feparcted the plantations. £vcry pcrfon «as very much pleafcd with this delight- ful country, and the friendly reception wc met with, and wc much regretted, that the feafon of the year, and other circumftances, would not permit our longer flav. In the evening wc returned on board, and on Satunlav the ad ofOvilober, the (hips were crouded with people the whole day, trafficking in perlcCl good order. On the (d, early in the morning, while the (hips were pie- paring to get under fail, Captains Cor»k and Furncaiix, accompanied by Mr. I'orller, went olf in the boat, to take leave of our Iwfpitablc chief. He met u» at tlio landing-place, and had we not excufed ourfclves, ho would have entertained us at his houfe. Wc there, forcfpcnt half an hour with him, feated on the graf*. in the midll of a vail t'rowd of the natives, who feenicd to vie with ea< h other in iloing what tluy thought wmiKl give us pteafure. Having made the i iiief :i prclent, confid ing of various articles, he w »s given to underlland that we Were going away, at whidi he feemed not at all all'ected. He went with 111 into our boat, with two of his friemls, inten.ling to accompany u; aboard, but when he faw the Keloknion under fail, lie and h\% ( ()iii|)anions went iiiio a canoe, and returned on ihoir. It is remaikable, that on lliorethis fritmily Indian never made the le.ill exchange! but now, iluring his Hay in the bo.it, he bartered lilh-hiHiks for nails, and en- grolfcd the trade in a manner wholly to himfclf. On Saturday, October the )d, as foon as Cape. Cook came on board, wc departed Irom Middlebtirg, and m;ii)e fail down to ;\nilterdam. When we were about half way between the two illes, we were met by three canoes, and tlu* |H'ople matlc feveral attempts to come onboard, but without elfect, as the rope wc threw out to them broke, and we did not (liorccn fail. They were likewifc unfuccefsful in banding the .Adventure. We ran along the fouth-wcH coatl of .Amllerdam, as the dillaJice of half a nulc/rom the lliore, whereon the fea broke ina^jc.it furf. By the help of glalfcs, wc taw the face ot the whole illand, which, in every pan that came under our obfervati»)n, appc;irc\l covercJ with plantations. Along the fliore we p from t.iiliiig on the rocks, lay in .^7 lathoms w.r i'. By this lime we were fur- roundcd with people, and our feamen were fo eager in purchaling their curiolities, even at the (xpencc of cloaths, that Capt. Cook found it abfolutcly necelliiry to prohibit any larther commerce of this forr. The good ctfcilt of this order, was, that on tlu ^th, the natives brought us fow Is, pig.s, bananocs, and i .>coa-nut» in abundance, for which wc exchanged fmall nails and pieces of cloth, even old rags would purchafe pigs and fowls. A trading party was now fettled, and our com, manders went on fliore, attended by Mr. Forlkr and other olVicers, in company with a chief named Afago, who had attached himfclf to Capt. Cook, the firll luv'. ment of his coining aboard, which was belbrc thy fliips came to anchor. This perfon of fome note pre- fented the captain with feveral articles, and as a greater teflimony of friendfliip exchanged names with him; a cuftom, which, as w e have oblervcd, is prac-^ tifed at Otaheite, and the S(x:iety Illes. Wc were re- ceived on ihorc w ith the fame demonll rations of joy as at Middlcburg, and the gentlemen fet out into the country, except the two commanders, who diflrihutcd prcfents to fuch of the natives as Attago pointed out who were afterwards difcovercd .to be of fuperior rank to hiuifelf s though at this time, by the attention paid t(» M ii f ■M: '." ,-a-'V» ." ^ ..>>-■. >»':',r '];*! ■ . .'■ • ■♦ « ■ 4 V '''' .* 1 - ' ■.' . ■»■ .:- H .: .^':, \ ^% :r'2 ^%^< ~-^ ' .^lE^&HI . . . . i J J in f < ^E3 . ' ' ■ * ' j|^^^^H| <■ » ■i.'h ' ' '^' ,^s^^^^^^^^9 ^1 tl^^H^^^^ffll ^1 ^^^g j^^ra^^^^^^^SRHM|M| ^1 yjHi ■■KHKI^SKeU^^v. '' JMeBEBMHiiBB&i^^^ K ^1 ^^^^Hf' "^ 5^7 ;;vvv&^:;.^ii^^l« II J Hil 1 wl ^1 * 36- ti'* ^^■i ^^■''' ■,,: - .?^;^ in 1 ^Hk< -KJ^^V. ^^r ^ j^^^laixBUilimllnmSmm iM *■ ^^^^^^Hc . ' ^^^!^ W\dl^laiUM l^M^ ■ i .^^■^s^: ,^^r' ///li>> ''i'^l ■//ii//i''''''''''i>'iim\ r ■:;« ^^^^^^^^^H^K^ .;■■■-'■' >= ^^^^^K-' ' ~ ■ ''^ >^^''Ji^9sSiiti,' B ^^^^^^K^v " //« "isSA^'^v E \s9^^^^^^^^^^^^^| - .^^^^^^^^^^ "^^^^ " -» t-,^^- ^ . ' III' •.%"-^^~-.^'''rffr^^ ^^^^^1 • viir ^^^^^^^^Kn \ imM^MiiHWniiiiiMH^^^BiBHi i- ' f ^^^^^^^^^ : .■- !'•', -^s^S^^^^^B^^^^S^^^^^^^^^ •^ ..:r ' ^ ,^^^M|HB|^^^^^WfflY 7 - ,=^«^ ^^i^H^^^I - .M • '• ♦^^' ^ '' ' ^^ir%w^^^te H /i ../d^^H life, 'lirlS^^lV"-'' ^""^ aiM^^nH&m\mA^^mi^Hism\v^^^ < ■ %. J(((fel'"' ^ 1 :U|1 ^ '^^^iiiii^,:^'«lS^H ^^^^^^^K ij; ii^ , ' '''' ^^^fc||^^^^^M\\\\^^^^^ N ^^^^^^E 1 ' " ji^ ^^HR^yW/y/l^^H ^ ^^^^^^^^^Bb'' '" 'w nilllH^H 4 K ^- -A.^-y^-^' k ■''C^00mk ■ • • • - * ;' ^ t -ft: ■; ' 1 '. "V k ■'.•.'..uMMHiH \\l' '••lulHt'l' «• h.,v''!"" <> W/ MM *<| WJMlim *i Ue/////Jmm ^ i -W/J 1 V \' "m/j •^ % i i;] "^, ^ Vi-X / 1 ;:= ; "1 < im^^H ¥> miimfrA • ,,//////// \ '^^^rf/lfY/'i^ \ (/////' J /"> » ' ' \ WT' ' /n'l'ii't*" ^ ": //III 1)11 ,\ ' f//tnlltln V //lOiii Hill, '//'.',',',','."" M f'fl 14, ',',"11 In '"".'/,'.'" ■ ' V/,V •//,""' W '////>"''.'" 1/1/, /((/>,;;/, > ^1 i't'. iv •^•■*sir' ^:^;; \ 2 :■ .m!^ r^ :f^-i .'»«. V ;il!Uv' ■*>?;: t' g^"^;^^ COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Dlfcoveries in the South Seas & Round the fVorld. 1 4 1 to him, he appeared to be the principal perfon. Hav- ing complained of the heat. Attago fliewcd and fcated us under the ftiade of a large, tree; and the people, who were ordered to form a circle, never attempted to pais the prcfcribcd bounds, and croud upon us, as did thofe of OtaheitCi After having been here fome time, we hinted our defire to fee the country ; whereupon Attago immediately condudcd us along a lane that terminated in an open green, on one fide of which we fawaplaceof worfliip, built on a mount about eigh- teen feet high. It was an oblong fquarc, inclofed by a ftone parapet wall, about three feet in height ; from which the mount, covered with green turf, rofe to the building with a gradual flope. The building was twenty by fourteen feet. When we had advanced within fiifty yards of its front, every one fat down on the green. Three elderly men, whom we took for prielfs, begun a prayer, having their faces to the houfe, which lafted about ten minutes, and this be- ing ended, they came and feated themfclves by us. We made them prcfentsof what we had about us, and then proceeded to view the prcmifes, to w hich they did not fliew the Ic;«ft reluctance. The houfe was built in every rcfpect like their common dwcUingSj with ports and rafters, covered with palm thatch. The caves came down vithin three tect of the ground, and the open fpacc wa:; fiHtd up with Ihong matting made of palm-leaves a^ a wall. In the front, leading to the top of this, were two ftone lleps; and round the houfe was a gravel walk : the Hoor alfo was laid with fine gravel, in the center whereof was an oblong fcjuare of blue pebbles, raifed fix inches higher. In one angle of the building flood an image roughly carved in wood, and another lay on one fide. This iniaf^e was turned over and over by Attago, as he would have done an)' other log of wood, which convinced us, that they were not confidered by the natives as objects of wor- ftiip. We put fevcral quellions to Attago concerning this matter, but did not underftand his anfwers ; tor our readers are to be informed, that, at our firll arrival, we hardly could underiland a word the people ("aid. We thought it nccelTary to leave an otfering, and therefore Said down upon the platform fome medals, nails, and other things, which our friend inuncdiately took up 4nd put in his pocket. We could not conceive how fhey could cutfuch large ftones out of the coral uicks, with which the walls were made that intlolul the mount, fome of them being ten feet hy four, and near fix inches thick. The mount, which Itood in a knul of grove, was open Only to view on that (ide which fronti\l the grem, and here five roads met, moli i,;" whidi appeared to be public. Among the various trees that conipofed the groves, we found the I'.toa tree, of which are made clubs, and a fort of low p:dm, very common iiithe northern parts of Holland, 'liiis place of woilliip, in the language of Amllerdam, is called A-tia-tou-ca. On our return to the water fide, we turned off to a road leading into the roiintry, about fixteen feet broad, and as level as a bowling-green, fevcral other r(«dsin- torfcdcd it, all inclofed on eaiii fide with neat reed- fences, and fiiaded by fruit-tiets. The country here- abouts is fiirj^rizingly fertile, infonuich, that we might calily have imagined ouifcKcs in the moft pleafant litu- ition that Kurope could ali'ord. Mere are various de- lightful walks, and not an inch of uncultivated ground. Nature afTifled by art no where appears to more advan- tage than in this fertile fpot. 'I'he roads, even the high public one, which was about fixteen feet broad, occu- pied no more fp.acc than was abfolutely neceffary, nor aid the boundaries and fences take up above four iiochcs each, and in many places of thefe were planted ufeful trees and plants. On t^^e■y llde yoii law the fume appearances ; nor did change of place alter the fecnc. In this tranfporting place we met great num- bers of people going to the Ihips loaden with fruit, and coming from them; all of whom gave us the road, by cither turning to the right or left hand, fitting down, or rtanding l\ill w ith their backs to the fences, till we had paired by them. In iiwny of the crofu roads, were Nq. 16. A-fia-tou-cas, whofe mounts were furrounded with pallifadoes. After having walked fevcral miles, wc came to a more fpacious one, near to which was a large houfe, the property of an old chief, w ho was one of our company. Here we were regaled with fruit ; but ourfiay was llioit, and our guides having conducted us down to our boat, we retiuned with Attago to our lliip to dinner. When aboard an old man was ullieicd into the cabbin : wc plac ed him at table, and foon percciveii he was a man of confc(]uencc, for y\t- tago, tl-.e chief being almoll blinii, eat with his back towards him ; and as foon as the old man returned afliorc, which was after he had taficd the fiih, and drank two gialFcs of wine, Attago took his place at the table, linilhcd his dinner, and drank idfo two glaflls of w iiie. iMbr dinner we all went afliore again. We found the old chief, who, in retuni tor hisllender meal, prefentcd u;. w ith a hog. IJefore we fV '. out for the country, (.apt, Cook went down with Attagq to the landing-place, where he found Mr. Wales laugiiing at his perplexing iituation. The boats that brought us alliore iwt having been able to get clofe in with the landing-place, Mr. Wales had pulled of}' his flioes and ftockings to walk through the water, and, when on dry ground, fitting down, he put them between his legs, in order to put them on, wiien in an inflant they were fnatched away by a perfon behind him, who immediately mixed with the croud. The man he could not follow bare- footed over the fliarp coral rocks ; the bou was put back to the fliip, all his com- panions had made their way through the croud ; and he was fouiui h) tiic ca[)tain in this forlorn condition : but the friendly Attago foon fet him at liberty, by find- ing out the thief, and recovering the fiioes and dock- ings. W'e now began our exciirlion into the country. Having palled the lirlb mentioned Apiatouca, the old cliiel li.ewed us a [lool of frelli water, though we had not m:\ile the kalt eiiiiuiry for any. It is very proba- l~le tliis is tlie bathing place for the king and his no- bles, nieniioned l)\' rai'man. 1 torn hence we were conducted tioun to tlie Ihore of Maria Uay, or N. E. lide of tile ille, where we were llicwn a boat-houfe, in wliic I1 \Kis a laigc iloubie canoj not yet launched. The old chii t d,id nor fiil to make us fenlililc that it be- longed to him. Nght now approaching, Att;igo at- tended us to the boat, and ue returned aboard. As to tl'.e botanizing antl Ihooting parties, that were out with us the fame ilay, they were ill civilly treated, and well entertained by the natives. Ihe party alfo at the market on ihore hail a brilk trade, and many advantage- ous haigains. They procured plenty of bananas, yams, coioa-nnts, pigs, and ti>wls, lor nails antl piece* of cloth. A boat from each (hii) was employed to 'iring oil" their cargoes, by which means we obtained cneapcr, and w ith lefs trouble a good quantity of rc- frclhinents troin thole ot the natives who had no ca- noes to carry their commodities olf to the ibips. On Tuefday the i;th, early in the morning, the cap- tain's friend, .\ttago, brought hirn a hog and fome truit, for which, in return, he received a hatchet, a Iheet, and fome red cloth. The pinnace having been fent on fliore to trade, as ufual, foon returned, and wc were informed that the natives, in many refpects, were exceeding tioublefome. The day before they had ftolc the boat's grapling, and at this time they were for ta- king every thing out of the pinnace. It was therefore judged neceirary to have on fiiore a guard, and accord- ingly the marines were fent, under the command of Lieutenant Kdgcumbe. I'helc were foon after ibU low ed by the two commanders, Attago, and fevcral of the gentlemen. On landing, the old chief prefentcd Capt. Cook with a pig ; and then Mr. Hodges, ac- companied by the two captains, took a walk into the country, in order to make drawings; after which, they all returned with Attago, ami two other chiefs on board to dinner, one of which lall had lint a hog on board the Adventure, fome hours beliire, for Capi. l'ur",cau.v, without reiiuiring any return; a lingular inilanceof generofity this : but Attago did not omit to put Capt. Cook in mind of the pig the old king gave him in the N mom- »4» Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. morning, for which he Jiail in return, a chequed fliirt, and a pieceof red cloth. He dcfircd to put them on, which when done, he went upon decit, and flicwcd him- fcif to all his countrymen. He had done the fame with the (hect the captain gave him in the morning ; but when we went on fliore in the evening, the old chief took to himftlf every thing Attago and others had got in their poflefllon. This day the diifcrent trading parties procured for both fhips a good fupply of rc- frefliments ; the failors therefore had leave to purchafo any curiolities they might fancy; which opporti' 'ity ihey embraced with great jagcrnefs ; indeed they be- came quite the ridicule ol the natives frouj their thirll after trifles, who jeeringly olfcred them rtiuks and Hones, in exchange for other things ; and one waggilli boy took a piece of human excrement on the end of a Hick, and offered it forfale to every one he met. This day a fellow found means to get inio the maflcr's cab- bin, and ftole fome books and other articles, with which he was making off in his canoe. On being pur- fued by one of our boats, he left the canoe, and took to the water ; but as often as our people attempted to lay hold of him, he dived under the boat, and at laft, having unfliipped the rudder, got clear off. Other daring thefts were committed at the landing-place. One man Hole a feauian's jacket, and would not part with it till purfued and fired at. Wednefday the 6th our friend Attago vifited us again as ufual, brought with him a hog, and aHifted lis in purchaling many more, ^^'c went afterwards on fliorc, vifited the old chief, with whom we ffaycd till noon, and then returned on board to dinner, accompa- nied by Attago, who never one dav left ('apt. Cook. Being about to depart from this il.Tid, a prcfcnt was made for the old king, and ca . itd on lliorc in the even- ing. When the captain landed, he was informed by fome of the officers, that a far greater man than any we had )ct fecn, was come to pay us a vilir. Mr. Pirkcrfgill faid, he had fcen him in the country, and believed he was a man of great confequence, by the ex- traordinary refpect paid him by all ranks ot people ; fome of whom, when they approached him, fell on their faces, and put their head between their feet ; nor do anv pafs him w iihoul permilTion. Upiin his arrival, Mr. Pickcrfgill and anorher gentleman took hoKl of his arms, and eli-ortcd him down to the landing-place, where we found him Rated w ith fiu li an affected gravity, that we really thought him an ideot, whom, from loiiu- fuperditious notions, the people «c'C r.ady to adore. When ('apt. Cook faluted and addrelfcil him, he nei- ther anfwered, nor took the lea!l notice of him. An i as there appeared in the features of his countenance not anv alteration, the cajjtain was about to leave him to his |5ri\ate cogitations; but an intelligent youth cleared u[) all our doubts, and from his information, we uete now fully convinced, that what we took for a llupid fool was the principal head man, or king of the illand. '1 herefore the prcfcnt, intended for the old chief, was prefentoa to him. It coniiricd of a fliirt, an axe, a piece of red cloth, a lookiiij:^ ghifs, fome nails, medals, and beads ; all of which were put iijx)n, or laid d(i\vn by his majefty, without his fpeaking one word, or turning his head cither to the right or left. We departed from this living Ilatuc, and had not been long on board, before he fcnt us a prefent of provifions, confiding of alwut twenty balkets of roalled bananas, if)ur bread and yams, and a roafled pig, weighing about twenty pounds. We now no longer queftioned the real dignity of this fullcn chief. \N'hen thefe things were brought down to the water iide, Mr. lulgecumbe and his party were coming off to the veffels, and the bearers of the prefent faid it was from the Arcekc, (that is king) of the ilhnd, to the Areeke of the fliip. On Thurfday the 7th of October, early in the morn- ing, our two commanders, accompanied by Mr. I'ordcr, went alhore, to make a return to the Areeke of the illand for his lall nig'u's prefent. They foon f.iund Attago, of whom wc learnt, that his majelly's name was Ko-haghce-too-faliangou. After fome little time he appeared with a very lew attendants. By Attago's dcfirc we all fat down under a tree, and the king fcatcd himfelf on a riling ground, about twelve yards from us. We continued fome minutes facing each other cxpedling Attago would introduce us to his majefty; but obferving no figns of this, the two captains went' and having faluted the king fat down by him. They then put on him a white ihirt, and laid down before him a few yards of red cloth, a brafs kettle, a faw, two large fpikcs, three looking glalles, twelve medals, and fome firings of beads. All this time he behaved in the manner before related, fitting like a flatuc ; his arms feemed immoveable ; he fpokc not one word, nor did he fcem to know what wc were about. When wc gave him to underrtand by figns and words, that wc fliould foon depart from his ifland, he made not the leafl re- ply ; but when wc had took leave, we perceived he con- verfedwith Attago, and an old woman; and in the courfeof this converfation he laughed heartily in fpitc of his alfumed gravity ; for it could not be his real dif- pofition, feeing he was in the prime of life, and thefe illandcrs, like all others we had lately been acquainted with, arc much given to levity. Wc were now intro- duced by .'Vtt.ago into another circle of refpedablc old people of both fexcs, among whom were our friend, the aged chief, and the prieft, who was generally in his company. Wc concluded, that the juice of pep- per-root, had the fame effect that ffrong liquors have on Europeans, when they drink too much of them ; for we obfcrved, that the reverend father could walk very well in the morning, but in the evening was gene- rally led home by two friendly fupporters. We were a little at a lofs how to take leave of the old chief, hav- ing, we feared, almoll exhaufted all our choiccll llorc on the king ; but having examined our pockets, and Capt. Cook's trcafury b.ig, which he always carried with him, we collected together a tolerable gooil prc- fcnt both for the chief and his friend;. This old chief had a natural air of dignity, which the king had not. He was grave, but not fullen ; would talk at times in a jocular manner, and when convcrling only on indiffe- rent fubjcds, would endeavour to iinderl^and us, and be undcrllood himfelf. The priell in all our vilits would repeat a Ihort prayer, which none in the com- jiany attended to, and which liir our parts we did not underiland. Having continued a focial converfation with thefe friends near two hours, wc bid them fare- well, and repaired to our Ihip with .Atta'To, and a few of his friends, who after breakfaft were difiiiiHed loaded w ith prefents. Attago very llrongly importiuied us to call again at this ille on our return, and requelled of the captain, more than once, to bring him a fuit of clothes like ihofc he then had on, which was his uni- form. This friendly iflander, during our flay, was, on fcveral occalions, very ferviceable to us. He daily came on board in the morning, loon after dawn, antf frequently flayed with us till the evening. When or» board or on Ihore, he perli)rmcd every kind office for us in his pov.er, the expencc for his fervices was tri- fling, and wc thought him a very valuable friend. 'I'he fupplics which we procured iVom this ifland were about one hundred and fifty pij^s, jlouble that number of fow Is ; as many bananas, ^:c. as we could find room for, and, had we continued longer, wc might have had more than our want^ required. Wc were now about to depart, when, in heaving the coafl- iiv; cable, it broke, b\ being chaffed by the rocks ; by which accident wc loll nearly half the cable, together with the anchor, which lay in forty faihoms water, w ithoiit any buoy to it ; from whence a jtJdgnicnt may be formed of this anchorage. At ten o'clock P. M. wc got under fail, but our decks being encumbered with fruit, fowls, CsiC. we kept plying under the land till they were cleared. Before we continue the hillory of this voyage, wc Ihall here give a particular account of this ifland, and its neighbouring one of Middle- burgh, a dcfcriptionof which we doubt not will alford an agreeable entertainment to our' readers, and very numerous lubfcribcrs, who have favoured this work w ith a generous encouragement, equal to oUr moft fan- guinc expectations and wiflics. "^ Thcfc died of fiiit of is iini- , was, c daily i i COOKs Thcfe two Abel Janfen ' which he nar former is call ',,;?;: !''■' ! ^1 latrer Ea-oo- fpot, they are !' > ^^ ot2i dc^. 291 the longitude itiin. W. Mi to leagues in be feen 1 2 lea; efpecially on tl tcrior parts ai negled gives i for here we fe( groves of coc with thick gr; every direaio greatly impror The ifland fomething lik which are fei It lies nearly i much of an c more than 8c this iflc, and tl of coral rocks before it reac wherein we ar idand, having the fea breaks not more than out that is an bcfi)re obfcrvc our cables fii! bottom is non out in planta dudions of nai and a fruit li Otahcite Ahu; the articles, pi others which I ^^ vegetables, th 'h'' ^1 additional alTo duce and culti as at Amfterda The lanes and ncr, as to ope of the idand villages, moll tations : they ai ilons do not c; only difference the framing, them, planted fragrancy pcrfi furniture is cor nut (hells, and ftools or forms for bedding, w or three carrhc of a bomb-(hc other i the oth five or (ix pir thcfe utenfils, \ of fomc other i among them i as large as any if not better. i&«S; H ^'^''^ ^^""y deli "^ ' '- .ii. .. -^m thefe ifles arc 1 quadrupeds, c: are pigeons, baldcwDts with bats in abund: here as in the the fame; as having two or very fine threa >»'. • cook's second voyage — for making D:fcovcriej in the South Seas & Round the WorU. 1 43 Thefe tvio idands were firft difcovcred by Capt. Abel Janfen Tafman, a Dutchman, in January 1642-3, which he named Amftcrdam and Middlcburg. The former is called by the natives Tonga-ta-bu, and the latrer Ea-00-wec. From obfcrvatioiis made on the fpot, they arc found to be fituatcd between the latitude ot2i deg. 29 min. and 21 deg. 3 min. S. and between the longitude of 174 deg. 40 min. and 175 deg. ij min. W. Middlfcburgh, the fouthcrmoft ide, is about 10 leagues in circumference, and from its height may be fecn 1 2 leagues at fea. It is bounded by plantations, efpecially on the S. W. and N. W. fides ; but the in- terior parts are not fo well cultivated ; yet even this negledt gives an additional beauty to the whole ifland ; for here wc fee difpcrfed, forming an agreeable variety, groves of cocoa-nut and other trees, lawns cloathcd with thick grafs, with plantations, roads and paths in every dircaion, making a charming confulion, as greatly improves and enlivens the prolpeil. The idand of Tongatabu, or Amfterdam, is (liaped fomething like an ifofcclcs triangle, the longcrt legs of which are fevcn leagues each, and the Ihortcft four. It lies ncariy in the diredHonof E. S. E. and VV. N. W. much of an equal height, but rather low, being not more than 80 feet above the level of the fca. Both this ide, and that of Middleburg, arc guarded by a reef of coral rocks, on which the force of the fea is fpcnt before it reaches the (hore. Van Diemen's Road, wherein we anchored, is under the N. W. part of the ifland, having a reef of rocks without it, over which the fea breaks continually. The extent of the bank is not more than three cables length from the- fliore j with- out that is an unfathomable depth ; and, as wc have before obfcrved, the lofs of an anchor, and the damage our cables fuftaincd, arc plain indications that the bottom is none of the belt. This idand is wholly laid out in plantations, abounding with the richcit pro- ductions of nature, as bread-fruit, plantains, fugar-cane, znA a fruit like a neiftarine, called Fighcga, and at Otahcite Ahuya : in fliort, here are to be found moft of the articles, produAions of the Society Idands, befides others which they have not. The fame may be faid of vegetables, the llock of which we increafcd by an aelditional aflbrtment of garden feeds, ivc. The pro- duce and cultivation of Middlcburgh is much the fame as at Amftcrdam, only a part of the former is cultivated. The lanes and roads are laid out in fo judicious a man- ner, as to open a free cominunication froin one part of the idand to the other. We here faw no towns or villages, moft of the houfes being fituatcd in the plan- tations : they arc neatly conftruded, but in their dimen- fions do not exceed thofe in the other idands. The only dirtc-rcncc fecms to tonfift in the difpoiition of the framing. They have fmall areas before moft of them, planted round with trees, or ftirubs, whofe fragrancy perfumes the very air. The whole of their furniture is compofcd of a few wooden platters, cocoa- nut ftiells, and fome neat wooden pillows ftiapcd like ftools or forms. Their common cloathing fcrvcs them for bedding, with the addition of a mat. Wc faw two or three carrhcn veftcls among them ; one in the Ihapc of a bomb-ftiell, with two holes in it, oppofite each other i the others refemblcd pipkins, containing about five or fix pints. Having fcen no great number of thefe utenfils, wc concluded they were the manufadure of foinc other ilk. The only domeftic animals wc faw among them were hogs and fowls. The latter arc as large as any in Europe, and their flefti equally good, if not better. Wc believe they have no dogs, as they were very defirous of thofe we had on board. In thefe ides arc no rats, nor did wc difcovcr any wild quadrupeds, except fmall lizards. The land birds are pigeons, turtle-doves, parrots, parroquets, owls, baldcoOts with a blue plumage, fmall birds, and large bats in abundance. The fame forts of tifti arc found here as in the ocher ides. Their fiftiing-tacklc is much the fame; as hooks made of mother of pearl, gigs having two or three prongs, and nets compofcd of a very nne thread, with the mefties made exadlly like GUIS. The conftrudlion of their canoes is remarkably •4 ingenious, exceeding in point of workmanfliip, every thing of this kind wc faw in this fea, Thc-y arc form- ed of fcveral pieces fcwcd together, in fo ncai a imniicr, that on the outfidc it is difficult to difccrn the joints. On the infide, all the fallcnings pafs throuL-jh ridges. They are of two forts, namely, double and (ingle ; the finglc ones are from 20 to 30 feet in length, and about 20 or 22 inches broad in the middle. The ftern terminates in a point, and the head ia fo:newhat like the extremity of a wedge. At each end is a kind of deck, open in the middle, lor about one third part of the whole length. The middle of their decks in fome of them, is ornamented with white ftiells, ftuck on little pegs, and placed in rows. They work thefe finglc canoes fometimcn with fails, but oftncr with paddles, the ftiort blades whereof arc broadcft in the middle : they have all out-rigf!;cr3. The double canoes arc made with two veftlls about 60 or 70 feet long, and 4 or 5 broad in the middle. Each end terminates in a point, and the hull diifers but little in its conftrudlion from the finglc canoe, being put together exadly in the fame manner ; but they have a riling in the middle round the open part, fomcwhat like a trough which is made of boards, well rompacled and fecured to the body of the vcfTcl. Two fuch velfcls as above mentioned are placed parallel to each other, and faftcncd by rtrong crofs beams, fecured by bandages to the upper part of the rilings. The vcftels are about fix feet afundcr. Over thefe beams, and others, ' fupporied by ftaunchions fixed on the bodies of the canoes, is laid a boarded platform, whereon cfieps a mart that may calily be raifcd or let down. All parts of the double canoes arc ftrong, yet as light as the nature of the work will admit ; and they ;nay be immerged in the water to the very platforms, without being in the Icart danger of filling ; anti fo long as they hold together, it is fcarcc jx)irible, under any circum- ftancc whatever, to fink them. By the nature of their conftrudion, they are not only veflels of burden, but fit for (hort voyages from one idand to another, and are navigated with a lattean-fail, or triangular one, ex- tended by a long yard, a little curved or bent. Their fails are compofcd of mats, and their ropes like ours, Ibmc four or five inches. A little died is raifcd upon the platform, for to fcrccn the crew from the fun, and for other purpofes. Here they have a moveable fire-hearth, which is a fquare fliallow wooden trough, filled with ftones. From off" the platform is the way into the hold, wherein they ftand to bail out the water. Capt. Cook was of opinion, that thefe double canoes are navigated either end forcmoft, and that in changing tacks, the fail is only fliifted, or gibbcd ; but we cannot fpcak with certainty of this matter, not having fecn any of them under fail, or with the maft and fail an end, but what were at a great diftancc from us. The only piece of iron we faw among thefe people was a fmall awl, which had been made of a n?.il ; all their working tools arc of ftonc, bone, ihclls, &c. as at the other idands. Every one who fees the work exe- cuted with thefe tools, cannot but be ftruck with admiration at both the ingenuity and patience of the artificers. They had little knowledge of the utility of iron, but enough to prefer nails to beads, and liich trifles. Shirts, cloth, jackets, and even rags, were more cfteemed by them than the btfft edged tool, on which account we parted with few axes but vhat were given as prefents j however, if we include the nails exchanged for curiofities, by the companies of both fliips, Mith thofe given for refreflimcnts, &c. they could not get from us lefs than 500 weight, great and fmall. As to the natives of thefe idands, both fexes are of a common fize with Europeans ; but with refpcct to com- plexion, their colour is that ofalightilhcoppei and more uniformly fo than among thofe of Otahcite n:'.d the Society Ides. Of our gentlemen, fome thought thefe people were a much handfomer race ; others were of a contrary opinion, of which number Capt. Cook was one. It is certain, that they have in general regular features, with a good fliapc : they arc alio adive, briik, and - • Capt. cook's VOYAGES COMPLETE. aiul lively. The vvonifii arc cfpccially very merry and Ibciablc, and would ch.u with us, without being invited, or it" wcfccincd attentive, without conlideHng whether wc underrtood them or not. They appeared in ceneral to be niodclt : yet inlhinccs of thole of it ditVercnt charade^ were not wanting; and having feme venereal complaints, Capt. Cook look all pOdible citre, that the diforder lliouki not be coinmuniratcd to thcin. When- ever opportunity fcrvcdi they difcovered a Urong pro- penfuy to pilt'ering, and in the art of thieving arc full us knouing and dexterous as the Otaheiteans. Their hair, partieularl. of the females, is black, but fome of the men hue a method offtaining their hair with various colours, as white, red, and blue, which wc faw upon the liimc head, h is wore cut ihort, and wc met with only two exceptions to this curtoni. The boys have only a fingle lock on tlie top of the hcrtd, combed upwards, and a fm;ili ini;intity on each iide. The btards of the men arc lliaved i]uitc dole with twrtfliellsj and even thofc of an advanced age have tine eyes, and in general good teeth. 'J'hey are tattoawed from the niitidlc of the thigh to above the hips j but among the woitTCn, the (kin is punchiieJ very (lightly, and that only on their arm-i and lingers. Their drefs conlifts of a piece of cloth or m.itting, hanging below the knees, but from the waiH upward.-; they are generally naked. Their ornaments are bracelets, aniulets, and necklaces, com- pofcd of bones, Ihells, and beads, of mother of |H:arl. 'I'he women have a curious apron made of the outward fibres of the cocoa-nut llitll: fmall pieces of this Hurt' are few cd together in fuch a manner as to form ftars, half moons, anil fquares, ^^:c. and the whole is Ihidded, and decorated w ith red feathers, fo as to have a |)leaf- ing etVect. They wrar alfo rings on their fingers made of tortoifelhell, and pendants of the fame, atxHit the lizc of a fmall ijuill ; but though all have their ears bored, yet thefe lall kind of ornaments are not worn in roinmon The natives of thefc iflands make the fame forts of cloih. as the inhabitants of Otaheite; but thc\ have not fuch a variety, nor any of fo fine materials ; . yet having a method of gla/.ing their cloth, it is more durable than that at Otaheite, and will relift rain for fome time. Their matting is of various kinds; fome very line, and inerally ufed for cloathing ; another fort is thick ami llronger, which ferves them for fails, and to ileei) on. Hie colours of their cloth are black, brown, purple, yellow, and red ; all cxtraifled from vegetables. 'I'hey make many little toys, which fuf- ficicntly evinces their ir»genuity: and among their utenlils are various forts of curious balkcts, lomc made of the fame materials as their mats, and others of the twilkd libres of ccKoa-nutsj which prove in the work- manlliip, that thefe people want neither tafte to dc- lign, nor Ikill to execute. How they amufe themfelves in their leifure hours, wc cannot particularly and po- fitivcly fay, being but little acquainted with their di- verlions. \Vc were entertained frequently with fongs from the women, in an agreeable ftile, and the muiic ihcy accompanied by fnapping their fingers, fo as to keep time to it. lk)ih this and their voices arc very harmonious; and they have a confiderable compafs in their notes. Among their muiical inlfruments, which came under our knowledge, they have a drum, or rather an hollow log of wood, on the fide of which they beat w ith two drum flicks, whereby is produced a doleful found, not quite fo mulical as that of an empty calk. We faw one of thefc drums five feet and a half long, find thirty inches in girt. It had a flit in it from one end to the other, about three inches wide, by means of which it had been hollowed out. They have alfo two mufical pipes ; one a large flute made of a piece of bamboo, which they fill with breathing through their nofes : thefc have four flops, whereas thofe at Otaheite have only two. The other inflrumcnt is compofed of JO or II fmall reeds of unequal lengths, bound together fide by fide, as the Doric pipe of the ancients is (aid to have been. The open ends of the reeds into which they blow with their mouths arc of equal height or in a line. Jn this country the mauRcr oj a falutation is by joining or touching nofes, and the difplaying a wiiite tlag or flags, when flrangers arrive, is a furc lign of peace. Such were difpla)cd when we lirfl drew near the fliore ; but the people who then came on bojiJ, brought with th"m l()me pepper plant, which they lent before them into the fliip ; and a llronger fign of friend- fliip wc could not willi for. I'Vom inc friendly recej)- tion we cxpcrienceil, and the unfufpicious manner oi their behaviour upon our landing, we concluded, they are feldom molefled either by foreign or doineliic ene- mies ; neverthelcfsthcy arc not without very formidable ollenfive and defcnlivc weapons, as bows and arrows ; alfo clubs and fpears formed of hard wood. The club!j are of various ihapes, and from three to five feet in length. The bows and arrow n are none of tire befl, the former being very flight, and the latter only a flcnder reed pointed with hard wood. On the inlidc of the bow is a groove, wherein is placed the arrow. Several oC their IjK-ars have many barbs, and mud be danger- ons wea^ions where they take clVcd. Another fingulur cuOom is that of putting every thing you give them to their heads, by way of thanks, as we im.igincd ; and where things were given to youtig infants, the mother lifted up the child's hand to its head, fo that this man- ner of paying a compliment is taught them from their very infancy. The fame cullom they alfo ufed in their exchanges with us. It is called by the natives faga- fatic, and has, wc believe, various lignilications, ac- cording as it is applied ; all however complimentiry. A (till more lingular cuflom prevails among them, though not peculiar to the inhabitants of the P'ricndly llles. The greater part of both fexes had lofl one or both of their liitle fingers; and, except fome youn;^ cliildien. We found few who had Iwth hands perfect ; but the realbn of thin mutilation we could not learn. 'I'iicy alfo burn or make incifions in their cheeks, near tlie cheek bone: the reafon of which was equally unkno'.'n to us. I lowevcr, fuch is the gnodiiels of the climate, that we obfersed neither fick nor lame among them ; all appiaied healthy, Ihong and vigorous. The government of this country is much like that of Otaheite, that is, in a kiiii; or prune chief (called Areekc) with other liiborilin:iie chiefs, who arc lords ot' certain diflricls, perhaps folc proprietors, to whom the peojile feein to pay great obeiliencc. W'e alfo per- ceived a third rank, one of whom was our friend At-" t»gi>, who fccmcd to have not a little influence over the c iinmon people. It was the opinion of Capt. Cook, that all the land on Tongatabti is private property, and that here, as at Otaheite, are a fct of fervants, or flaves, who have no property in land. Indeed, we cannot fup- jiofe every thing to be in common, in a country f» richly cultivated. Few would toil if they did not ex- pctt to reap, and enjoy the fruits of their labour as their own. I'artics of fix, eight or ten people, would fre- quently bring fruit down to the landing place ; but wC always faw one man, or Wfjitian, fuperintcnd the falc of the whole, without wh<)1e confent no exchange* could be made; and the thiiigs they bartered for were always given them, all which plainly fliews they were the ow ncrs, and the others only their fervants. Though the benevolent author of nature has poured forth liberally his bounties on thefe ifles ; yet the high ftate of cultivation their lands are in, mull have cofl; them indefatigable pains and labour: but this is now ampi}' rewarded by the great produce every w here to be feen, and of which all partake; for no one wants the common neceflaries of life: the poor are not crying for bread ; but joy, contentment, and chearful mirth are painted in the features of everyone. An cafy free- dom prevails among all ranks of people; thcv have few dcfires they cannot gratify, and they arc blelfed with a clime wherein the difagrccable extremes of heat and cold arc eijually unknown. The article of water was the only one of which they may be laid to have a fcanty fupply ; this they are obliged to dig for. We faw not any at Amfterdam, and but one well. At Middlcburgh wc found no water but what the natives had in veflels; this was fweet and cool, and probably procured not far from the fpots where wc faw it. cook's second VOYAGE— fin nuking D'/ioven'es in the SouthSeas fie Round the IVjrlii i 45 We ran fay very little of the religion of thcfc people. The Afiatoucas may be appropriated to this purpofe; but foinc ofoiirgcntieni(!ntnoup;ht thcfc buildings were only burying places. It is certain narticular pcrfons made fpccchcs inthcni, which wc undcrftood to be prayers ; perhaps, they may be both temples and burying places, as at Otaheitc ; but with rcfpett to the images being idols, wc had many rcafons to be of a contrary opinion. Mr. Wales told us, that one of thefe images was fct up for him and others to flioot at ; not very rcfpcLtfiil this to divinity { and yet we have fctn the Portiiguefr, v, lien their wilhes were not gratified, treat their tutcl:ir liiiiits with much greater familiarity. It appeared hou( \ir vcn plain to us, that thcfc Afiatouca.s arc niuth ln- qui.ted for one purpofe or other J for the areas bctnn; them were covered with green fod, and the grafs was very i.iort, by being often fat upon and much trodden, which doubtlcfs prevented its growth. it-^tr-Mja tlh CHAP. IV. fjtislied with Capt. C.Vxik's care and con- duct, and did not exprefs any uiitalincfs at our being unattended. On 1 riday, the twenty-fixth, we (leered to thefouth, and on Monday the iixth of IXcember found oiirfelves aiuiix)des to our London friends. We were then in S. latitude 50 deg. 17 min. and !•'.. longitude 179 deg. 40 iii'n. \\'e met with feveral Hights of our old com- panions, alliuiolles, petrels, &:c. Wc failed through large i]uaniities of loofc ice on the fourteenth of No- \emlKT, and ilifiovcred many ice iflands. We were fooii embayed by the ice, and were obliged to ftretch to tlie N. VV. We were now in much danger, owing to the ice illands ami the fog. We attempud to take fame of the ice on lioard, but without eft'cdi but on the (Ivcn- teenth we fuccecded, and got on board as much as wc could manage. Tuefday, the twcnty-firft, wc came the fecond time within the antariilic circle; and on a fudden got a- fiiong a great quantity of loofc ice, and a duller of ice illands, which it was very difiicult to (tecr clear of, as the fog was very thick. On the twenty-fourth they in- creafed lb fart upon us, that we could fee near an hun- dred round us, bcfides an artoniftiing quantity of fmall pieces. Here we fpent the twenty fifth, bring Chrift- mas-iiay, in much the faiiK: manner as wc did the pre- ceding one. A D I— '4. On the fecond of January, we (Veered /;+• fsj YV. in order to explore great part of the fea between us and our track to the fouth ; but were obliged to rtecr north-eartcrly the next day, and could not iiccomplilli our dcfign. Many of the people were attacked with (light fevers while wc were in thefc high latitudes, but happily they were cured in a few days. Taking every circumlbncc intoconfidcration, it is not very probable that there is any extcnlive land in our track from Otaheitc, which was about two hundred leagues ; and that any lay ro the weft is ftill lefs pro- bable ; we therefore ilccred N. E. There was no lign 4 »> » of land I and therefore on the eleventh we altered our courfc, and fteered S. E. On the twenty-fifth wc found ourfclves in a pleafant climate, and no ice in view i on the twcnty-lixth came a third time within the antarvllic circ:le. On Sunday, the thirtieth, wc faw a very cxtcnftve field of ice, and within the field wc didindly enumerated nioety-feven ice hill* of various lizes I it is prolxiblc that (uch mountain* of ice were never fecn in the Greenland fcas. On this account, the attempt to get farther to the fouth, though not abfo- lutely impofliblc, was yet both rafli and dangerous. The majority of us were of opinion that this ice ex. tended to the pole, as it might poinbly join fomc land to which it has been contiguous (incethc earlied times. Should there be land to the fouth behind this ice, it certainly can aftbrd no better retreat lor man, beaft, or birds, than the ice itfelf, with which it iniift certainly Ik; covered. As we could not go any farther to the fouth, wc thought itadvifcable to tack, and ftand back to the north, being at this time in the lat. 71 deg. 10 min. S. and 106. ticg. 54 min. W. Happily for us we tacked in good time; for wc had no foonerdone it, than a very thick fog came on; which would have ban highly dangerous when we fell in with the ice. On the lirft of February we w ere able to take in fomc more ice, which, though it was cold work to collect, fervetl us for prefent confumption when melted. Capt. Cook was now well fatislied that no continent was to he found in this ocean, but that which is totally inaci:cf- lible; he therefore determined to pafs the enfuing win- ter within the tropic, if he met with no other objcil worth purfuing. It was determined to lietr for the land difcovered by Juan Fcrnande/i, or, in failure of this purfuit, to fearch for I£after Kland or Davis's Land, which we knew very little about. The failiiu, and all onboard acceded to thefc delij^ns, and were happy at the thoughts of getting into a warmer cli- mate. We had continual gales from the eighth to the twelfth inftant, when it fell a dead calm. 'I'he weather varied every day conlidcrably till the twenty-fifth, when Capt. Cook was perfuaded that the difcovery of Juan Fernandez, if any fuch was ever made, could be no- thing but a fmall ifland, not worth notice. On the twenty-fifth, Capt. Cook was taken (b ill as to he obliged to keep his bed, and recovered very flowly. It is fomcthing very extraordinary, that when he could eat nothing el(e he had a mind to a dog of Mr. Fbrfter's, which was killed, and he rehlhed both the flefli and the broth made of it. This fecms very odd kind of food for a fie k man ; and, in the opinion of many pen. pie, would create much greater licknefs than it was likely to be any means of removing. On the n th of March land was feen from the m.ifl- head, which proved to be L'^-irter Kland : and on the 13th, we came to an anchor in 36 fathoms water, be- fore the fandy beach. One of the natives came on board the (hip, where he ftaid two nights. He mea- fured the length of the (hip, and called the number by the fame lumcs as the Otaheiteans do ; but otherwil'c wc could not underftand his language. A party of us went aftiorc on the 14th, and found a great number of the natives allemblcd, who were pacifically inclined, and feemed delirous to fee us. We made figns lor fomething to eat, after we had diftributed fomc trinkets among them ; they brought us fome fugar-canes, pota- toes, and plantains. Wc very foon found out that thefc gentlemen were as expert thieves as any before met with; we could fcarce keep any thing in our pockets, and it was with fome diftieulty that we could keep uur hats upon our heads. Thcfe [>eopIc feemed to under- ftand the ufc of a mufket, and to be very much afraid of it. Here were feveral plantations of potatoes, fugar- canes, and plantains ; but otherwifc the country ap- C cared barren and without wood. Wc found a s rll of rackifti water, and faw fomc fowls. As the natives did not feem unwilling to part with thcfe articles, and as wc were in want of them, wc determined to (lay a few days. A trade was accordingly opened with the na;[ivcs, and we got on board a few calks of w atcr. A party of ofliccrs and men were font up the country in order cook's Sr.C'DND V0Y.\C;K— lor milking' Dilcdveiics in ilic i9o«/6i> (Iciil any thinj; more. A niimlier of the natives wxrv aHi-mbled io;a'ther on a hill at fome didame, with fpears in their hands, hut diljKrfed at the defire of their countrymen. There ap- peared to be a chief among them, which wore a bet- ter cloth than the reft. He had a line open counte- nance, and was very well made. His face was painted, and his body punctured. They met w ith fome pretty frclh water towards the eallcrn end of this illaiid, but it was rendered dirty by acullom which the inhabitants have of walliing themlclves in it as foon as they have drank. Let the company be ever fo large, the lirfl that gets to the well jumps into the middle of it, drinks his fill, and wallics himfelf all over ; the next does the fame, and fo on till all of them have drank and waflied. Great numbers of the gigantic ftatucs, before de- fcribed, are to be feeii on this part of the illand j one of which they meafured, and found it to be twenty- feven tcet long, and eight feet broad acrofs the lliouldcrs. One of theic ligures, of an allonilliing height, being Handing, it allbrdcd lliade for the whole |)arty to dine under, which conliftcd of thirty perfons. Many gained the fummit of a hill, but could not fee any bay or creek, nor dillover any figns of frelli water. They re- turned to the (liip in the evening. No flirubs worth mentioning were found in this excurfion, neither did they fee an animal of any fort, and but very few birds. They could not difcover any thing in the whole illand to induce fliips, in the utmoft diltrcfs, to touch at it. CHAP. V. Ilif Rr/oi'iitm /iiih fnm Eajhr Ijlmd to the Marijue/as — TranfaflioHS and incidents •while fl)C lay in Refoliilion D.iy, in the ilLm.iof St. ChrijliHii — Ih-parls from the Marquefas — Thcje ijjands de/criied, with an account of the nihaLiliOits, their ciilioms, (Jc.^^lbe Refolut ion prepares to leave Oliiheile— Another naval re^-iiit; — // dcjiriplion of the ijlami — llcr ar rival at the ijlandof Uuaheine — An expedition into the fame — f'arious incidents related — The Jbip proceeds to Uiietca— Her reception tbcrj — Incidents durinj^ her jlay — Char.Uterof Oedidee— General objervations on the ijknds. ON Wednefday, the i6th of March, we took our departure from Eafter llle, and lleered for the Marquefas illands, intending to make fome Hay there if nothing material intervened. On the 6th of April, wedifco\ercd an ifland, when we were in latitude 9 deg. 20'min. and longitude 138 deg. I4min. we were about nine leagues ddlance from it. We foon difco- vercd another, more extenlive than the former, and prefently afterwards a third and a fourth j thcfe were the Manjuefas difcovercd in 1 595 by Mendana. After \arious unfuccefsful trials to come to an anchor, v.c came at lail'bcfore Mendana 's port, and anchored in thirty-four fathoms water, at the entrance of the bay. Several canoes appeared, filled with natives, but it was with fomcdithculty they were perfuaded to come along- fhlc i they were at tall induced by fome fpike nuiU and a hatchet. From thefe people we got fome filh and fruit. Great numbers of them came along-lide next morning, and brought with them one pig, fome bread- fruit and plantains, for which they received nails, &c. We often deteded them in keeping our goods, and making no return ; which practice was not put a (lop to till Capt. Cook fired a mulket-ball over the head of one man, w ho had repeatedly fervcd us fo. We wanted to get farther into the bay, and accordingly fought after a convenient place to moor the (liip in. When Capt. Cook faw there were too many natives on board, he ae- lired that they might be well looked aftcr.or they would certainly commit many thefts. Before the captain was well got into the boat, he w as told that a canoe, w ith fome men in her, were making oH' with one of the iron ftanchions. from the oppolitc gan;;w ay. The cap- t-via iiimicdiatcly ordered tiKin.toiirc over the ctnoc, •:-«^-V'. but not to kill any body. There was fuch a noife on board, that his orders were not diftin.tly heard, and the poor thief was killed at the third lliot. The reft that were in the canoe leaped overboard, but got in again juH as Capt. Cook came up to thein, and threw overboard the ftanthion. One of the men fat l.iiigiiing as he laded the blood and water out of the bo:it, but tiic other looked very ferious and dcjcCted. W'c after- wards had reafon to think that the fat' ; t of tiie latier had been lliot. The natives retired with great pa- ipi- tation at this unhappy accident; but iheir lears were in fome mcafure allayed by the captain's follow iiig them into the bay, and making them prcfents. We fcuntl frelh water afhore, which we \ cry mucli wanted. One would have imagined that the fatality attcii 'ing unc poor fellow's thieving, would have difcouraged them from making any more attempts of the like i.ature ; but no fooner was our kedge anchor out, but two men came from the (liore, wanting to take away the Ijjoy, not knowing what was fallcned to it. L.elV they ihouJd take away the buoy, a fhot was fired, which felHl'.orc of them: of this they took not the leal! notice; but when another was fired, which went over their hcids, they inftantly let go the buoy, and returned to the Ihore. This laft Ihot had a good etl'ecr ; lor by this they faw that they were not iafe at any dillance, and they were ever afterwards much terrilied at the light of t' i^SI K' IV iiiln IS ot the n;iti\is (ainc ulnr^^-liilf. ami rarriiil nil (iiiiu' tr.illii-. IVu (• liciiig iui« illalililliiil, another parly of iiaii «iri' lent allion.'. I he nativcH rcteivcil us lisilly, and we j^ot a riip[>ly dI' water, ai well as iomo hoj^s anil t'niit. ( )ii lin' lyth, another party went alliore. and were met In aihiel' of liiine eonleiiueni e, attenil il hy I'evdalotthe iiati\es. I'refents wereniaile to him ; I'lit «e eoiilil not prevail on him to return witli us to iliiiiur. In the altcrnoon another party was made to the (oiithern love, which tame id the houle that helonped to the m;ui «c had killed. I lis Ion inhe- rited hisruhlhuue, which eonlilUil ot live of lix pij;s ; but he lied at our approach. We Ihould have hcen glad to have (eeii him, as we wanted to convinio him that we hore the nation no ill-will, thouj^h we killed his latin r, and to have maile him (bme preients In way of a linall compenfation We colKvted a good many pigs and other rel'relliments this dav, and returneii on lioard in the evening. We alio obtained leveral pigs trom the dillereiu canoi-s that lame alonj^-l'iile of us on the loth inllant ; and l>y this time wc had a fut- Jicient niimlier to allord the crews a trelh iiH'.il. A party was made on this day, which was fuccel'slul in the purehaleol' leveral more pigs, and a large quantity of Iruit. ^^'e hill now a line |)roljuvl of getting a fuppl) of all manner of refrelliments ; hut our expcc tations were Irultrated, by foiiie of our crew having been on lliore, and felling them I'ueh articles as thev had iie\ir before feen, whiih made the natives defiiile the hatchet; and nails, which betiire they lb iiuich prized. As this was the cafe, and we had inui h need of refielliment, having been a long time at fv.x, it was determined to remove our i;uirtcrs, and make fill lor Dtaheite, hoping to fall in with fome of thole illands (lilVcnered by the Diiti h and other navigator^ where our wan s might be cll'cv hi.illy rilie\i'd. \\ e had bti ii nineteen weeks at fui, living the whole time upon fait (iidvilions, and thereli)re could not but waiu fome re- frelhments ; ut ue mull oun, with grateful acknow- ledgments to goodncis fiipreme, ih.it on our arrival heie, it could Icarcely belaid we had one In k man, and but a few who had the leall complaint. This C'apt. Cook attributed to the number of aiuifcurbutic aiiii les on boar.l, and to the great atretuinn of the furgeon, wild wa^ very careful to appK them in time. On .Mon- tl.n, the iith, at three ocloi k, we weighed from St. C'lirilhna, and Itood over l()r 1 -a Dominica, and the niglit vvas fpent in pi) ing between the t.'U) illcs. On the I :th, we Iteired to the S. and at li\e P. M. Refo- lutiim Hay l)ore l'.. N. !•'.. half !•'.. dillant five leagues, and the illand of Magdakna about nine leagues, which was the only view ue had of it. Iktt we (hall nmv in our narrative return to the Mar- quefas. Thefe are live in nuuiher, naiiulv, I.a Mag- ilalena, St. IVdio, l.a Doiiunica, S.uua (,'hnrtina, and what we named Hood's Illand, which is the northern- luoll, in latitude 4 deg. :(> min. S. Its breadth is un- equal, and it is about 1 d leagues in > iicumferencc. The furface is full of rugged hills riling in ridges, which are dl^iotned bv deep valle\s cloathed with wood, as are the lides of Ibme of the hilN ; the alpcct is, however, barietii vit it is ncverthelcfs inhabited. .St. Pedro is aliout three leagues in eircuir, and liesfouth four leagues and a half from the call end of La Dominica. Chrif- titia lies under the fame parallel, four leagues more to the well. This ille is nine miles in length, and about twenty-one in circumference. 'I'hefe illands occupy one degree in latitude, and nearly half a degree in lon- gitude, namely, from 1 j8 deg. 47 min. to i jt; deg. 1 j mm. W, which is the longitude of the wefl end of Dominica. 'lite ]>ort of ^Tadre de Dior., which was named Rc- folution 15 1}, islituated not lar from the middle of the wed lide ot St. ChriHinn, under the liighelHand in the illand. The fouih point oi'thebay is a (Uep rock, termi-' mting in a [xakeci hill. The north point is not fo high, md rifes in a more gentle Cope. In the bav arc two liuidy icnis; in each of which is a rivulet of cv- cclleiit water, lor wooJingand wa'ering, tlienorthcn cove is moll convenient. V\'e <"uv here tJic little caf- laile mentioned bv (.Juiros, MeiuJaiu's pilot j but ilu* village is in the cither ccnc. Tlie produvtions of thcfc iflea, which caiuf within our knowledge, are nearly the fame as at the .Society Illes, namely, hogs, fowls, plantains, yams, and fome other roots i alfo bread fruit and cocoa-nuts, but of thefe not in abundance. Trifles highly valued at the Society Illes, are lightly cllcemcd here, and even nails, at lall, in their opinion, loll their value. The natives, in general, arc the lineflraceor people in this fea. 'i'hey furpafs all other nations Ibr Ihape and regular features. The alVmity of their language Id that of Otaheitc, and the .Society Illes, llicws that they are of the fame nation. Oedidec could coiiverfc with them, though we could not. The men are curioully tattnawed, from head to fcK>t, with various figures, that feem to be dirccfed more by fancy than by culloiu. Thefe punelurcs caufe the Ikin to appear of a ilark hue; but the uoiuen who arc not much punctured, and youths who arc not at all, arc as fair as fome Kuro- peans. The men arc about five feet fix inc hes high ; liut none of thcin v»crc fat and lully like the l!'.arces of Otaheitc, yet wc faw not any that could be called njcagre. Their eyes are neither full nor lively j their tc«th not fo gcKid as thofc of other nations, and their hair is of many colours, except red. .Some have it long i the moll prevailing ciillom is to wear it lliort ; but a bunch on each fide of the crown they tie in a knot. In trinuning their beards, whic h is in general long, they obfer\e different modes : fome part it, and tie It ill two bunc hes under the chin; fome plait it, Ibme wearitloofe, and others c^iiite fliort. Their cloatlung is mile h the fame as at Otaheitc, but not fc) gcxxi, nor in flic h plenty. The men, lc)r the moll part, cover their nakednels with the Marra, which is a Ilip of cloth pnlled round the waill, and between the legs. This limpledrefs iscitiite fulllcient li)r modrlly, and the cli- mate. The women wear a |uece ot cloth round their loins, like a petticoat, reaching below the middle of their legs, and a lcH)l'e mantle over their fljoulders. Their head-drefs, and what I'cems to be their princiiial ornament, is a broad fillet, made cunoufly of the libres of the hulks of ccKoa-nuts, in the front of which i; placed a mother-of-pearl Ihell, wrought round to the li/.c of a tea-fauccr. Near this is one flualler, of very line tortoifelhell, perforated in curious figures; and in the center is anotner round piece of mother-of-pearl, about the li/e of half a crown; before which is another jiicce of jxirfbratcd tortoifefhcll the flzc of a fliilling. .Some have this decoration on etch fide, in fmaller pieces ; and all have annexed to them the tail-fcathcr.'i of ccM'ks or tropic birds, which fland upright, and the whole makes a very tingular ornament. Round the neck they wear a kind of nitVor necklace of light wood, covered with finall red peas, fixed on with gum. Round their legs aiul arms they have bunches ot hu- man hair, fallened to a firing. Intlead of hair they fbmetimes ufi: fliort feathers; but all thcfc ornaments we feldom faw on the fame perfon. The chief, indeed, who came to vjfit us, was completely dreded in this man- ner; but their ordinary ornaments arc necklaces and amulets comjM)fed of ftiells, itc. .\11 had their cars pierced, yet wc faw not any with c.ir-rings. Their lioufes arc in the valleys, and on the fides of hills, near their plantations, built after the fame man- ner as at Otaheitc, but much meaner, being only co- vered with the leaves of the bread-tree. Moll of thcni are built on a pavement of (lone, an oblong, or fquare, which is raifecl above the level of the ground. Thcfc pavements are likewifc near their dwellings, on which they cat and amufe thcmfelves. In their eating thefe: people are not very cleanly. They arc alfo dirty in their cotikcry. They drefs their pork in an oven of hot (tones ; but fruit and roots they road, and having taken olf the rind, they put them into a trough with water, out of which we have feen both men and hogs eat at the fame time. Once wc faw them make a bat- ter of fruit and roots in a vcflel that was loaded with dirt, and out of which the hogs had been that moment. eatin<;, without walliing cither that, or their hands, which 1 |||M|||. ■ ^' H^^^^^ \\ ^' ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^l^^^^^H^^^^^^H^^^H^^^^^. B^H / 1 mn Ml ffttiMinHHHiHHHnSi « HOluHniMHMPDDHu HUNuMuMHMMSfflM IfflKlMNMmMflflDffln U»U»ni.-tU^!' .UWtiHUHWttii Wm^ II :« ':^'i^b:^; 0] -T ; ■ i\ * ^ / * •■ '!( <". h**(B^« .J'^J 1 ,8 I P^'tVAki ,J. »•-•■ .'•^ ^ mm m^ '^-' •iiip^s «■!!■?/*,■ i\ i ^ V -ijiii I ! r« K •; ' I' ■ 4 - - ft,. ; J. (ill; which were equally dirty ; but the adions of a few in- dividuals are not uifficient to fix a cuftom on a whole nation. Their weapons are clubs and fpcars. They have alfo flings with which they throw ftbncs with great velocity, but not with a good aim. Their canoes are made of wood, and the bark of a foft tree, which grows near the fca, and is very proper for the purpofe. Their length is from fixtecn to twenty feet, and their •breadth about fifteen inches. The head and ftern are formed out of two folid pieces of wood ; the former is curved, and the latter ends in a point ; the latter, which projeds horizontally, is decorated with a rude carved figure, having a faint refemblance of a human ftiape and face. Some of thefe canoes have a latteen fail, but they are generally rowed with paddles. The only tame fowls we faw were cocks and hens ; and of quadrupeds no other than hogs ; but the woods were well inhabited by fmall birds, whofc plumage is ex- ceeding beautiful, and their notes fwcctly varied. We did not flioot as many of them as wc might have done, from apprehcnfions of ilarming and terrifying the na- tives. On Sunday, the 17th, at ten o'clock A. M. having fteered W. by S. land was feen bearing W. half N. being a chain of low iflots, connected together by a reef of coral rocks. Wc ranged the N. W. coalt till we came to a creek or inlet, and which fccmed to have a communication with a lake in the center of the ifland. Having a dcfire of furvcying thefc half drowned ifloti, we hoifled out a boat, and ftnt the maftcr in to found. While the Refolution ran along the coaft, the natives were feen in different places armed with long fpears and clubs, and a group of them were obferved on one fide of the creek. As they fliewed fomc figns of a friendly difpofition, two boats were fcnt afliore well armed, under the command of Lieutenant Cooper, who was accompanied by Mr. Forfter. We faw our people land without any oppofition from a few natives (landing on thelhore; but perceiving, a little time after, forty or fifty, all anned, coming down to join them, we Hood clofer in ihore, with the view of fiipporting our people in cafethoy fhould be attacked ; but our boat returned without any thing of this kind having happened. By Mr. Cooper we were informed, that mjny of the na- tives hovered about the Ikirts of the wood w ith fpcars in their hands ; and that the prcfcnts he made to thole on lliorc were received with great cooliiefs. When iheir reinforcement arrived, his party thought it mod prudent to embark, cfpecially as the captain had or- fkred them to avoid, if poflible, an attack. When the crew, &c. were all in the boats, fome of the na- tives attempted to pufli them off, others fcemed dif- pofed to detain then) ; at length thty fuff'cred our peo- ple to dejiart at their leifure. (3nc of them procured a dog for a fingle plantain, which led us to conjecture this was not a produdlion of thcif ifland ; indeed, they faw no fruit but cocoa-nuts, of which they could get, by barter, only two dozen. When the maft«r returned from founding in the creek, he reported that there was no pallage from thence into the lake; and that the creek, at its entrance, was fifty fathoms wide, and thirty deep ; farther up thirty wide, and twelve deep ; that the bottom was nxky, and the fides bounded by coral rocks. We were not inclined to run the fliip into fuch a place, and therefore, after having formed fomc judgnwnt of the natives, we preparecT to proceed on new difcoveries. 1 he natives call this ifland Tiookea, which was dif- covered and vilited by Conmiodore Byron. It is of an oval form, about thirty miles in circumference, and lies in Hdcg. 27 min. 30 fee S. latitude, and in 144 deg. 56 min. W. longitude. They, and perhaps all the inhabitants of the low iflands, are of a much darker colour than thofc of the higher ones, and fecin more favage in their nature. Thefc low iflands arc not fo fertile as fome others ; the inhabitants are much cxpofcd to the fun j they depend upon the fca lor their fupport, by which means they arc darker in colour, and more robull ; yet there is no doubt of their being of the fame nation. A fiUi is an emblem of their pro- No, 17. feflion, and a figure of one was marked on the bodies of the men, who in general are. well made, flout, and fierce. On Mondav, the 1 8th, wc faw fuch another ifl jnd as that wc had left, to the wclhvard, which we reached by eight o'clock A. M. We ranged the S. K. fide at one mile diftant from the ftiore. It lies S. W. by W. two leagues from the weft end of Tiookea, in 14 deg. 37 min. S. latitude, and in 14^ deg. 10 min. W, lon- gitude. Thefe we apprehend to be the fame, to which Commodore Byron gave the name of George's iflands. We left them on the loth, and at feven o'clock A, M. difcovered another of thefe half-overflowed iflands, which are fo common in thefe fouthern latitudes. In general they are furrounded with an unfathomable fca, and their interior parts are covered with lakes, which would be excellent harbours, were they not fliut up from the accefs of fliipping, which, according to the report of the natives, is the cafe with moft of them. Of the great number we ranged, not a paffage was to be difcovered into one of them. Wc were told, that they aboimd with fifli, particularly turtle, on which the natives fubfilt, and fomeiiines exchange with the inhabitants of the higher iflands for cloth, &c. This ifland, (liy which, while in this part of the ocean, we would be underflood to mean a numlier of little iflcs, or illots, connedted together into one by a reef of coral rocks) is about five leagues long, and three broad, and is in 15 deg. 26 min. S. latitude, and in 146 deg. :o min. longitude. Near the fouth end wc difcovered from the mart head, diftant four leagues, another of thefc low iflcs ; foon after a third, bciirjng S. \^ by S. It extends W. N. W. and E. S. E. in which din .'ion its length is twcnt) -one miles, hi : its hreadrti n ' n-ore than fix. It appears, in every refpcc, like ti .: nl\, only it has fewer illots, and Icfs firm lantl on the r^f which furrounds the lake. While ranging the north coall, we faw people, huts, canoes, and w hat appeared to be flages for drying of fifli. The natives were armed with the fame weapons, and fecmed to be the fame fort, as thofc in the ifland of Tiookea. Approachingnow the weft end we faw a fourth ifland, bearing N. N. E. It lies fix leagues weft from the firft. Thefc four clutters, we named Pallifer's ifles, in honour of Sir Hugh Pal- lifcr, comptroller of the navy. OnWednefday the 20th, at day-break, hauling round the weft end of the third ifland, wc found a great fwell rolling in from the S. by which we knew that wc were clear of thefe low iflands; and being not within light of land, we made the bcft of our way for (Xahcito, hav- ing a ftrong gale at eaft, attended withlhowtrsof rain. It is here neceflary to take notice, that this ]iart of the ocean, I'rom the latitude 20 deg. down to 1 2 deg. and from the meridian of 138 deg. to 150 dig. W. is fo ftrewcd with low ifles, that a navigator canr.Dt proceed with too much circumfpcction ; but whcriicr thefc illc-j be any of thofc difcovered, and laid down inthcciiarts of the Dutch navigators, cannot he dctciiiiincd with any degree of certainty; cfjicciaiiy whin wc ccnlldcr, that their difcoveries are not handed liown to us with fufticient accuracy. Thurfday, the 21ft, we made the high land of Otaheite ; by fun-fct was in with Point Venus, and the next morning, at eigiit o'clock, an- clrored in Matavai Bay, in fe\en fathoms water. Our arrival was no fcwner known to the natives, than tlv.y paid us a vilit, exprclled the moll lively coii^ratiii.i- tions, and fupplied us with fifli and fruit futriciint tor the whole crew. Our firft bulincfs was to erect tents for the reception of fuch of oin- people as were required on fliorc. Sick we had none, for the rcfrefluv.i its we got at the Marquefas, had been the moans of removing every coniplaint of the fcorhutic kind, and of prc- ferving the whole crew in gixid health. We alfo lent afliore Mr. Wales's inftruments; our chief rcafon for putting into this place being to all'ord him an oppor- tunity to afcertain the error of the watch by the know n longitude, and to determine precifcly its rate of going. OnSun«^ay, the 24th, Otoo and other chiefs, with a train of attendants, brought us ten large hogs, belides fruit, which mndc their viiit exceedingly agreeable. A» 3 P th« ISO Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. Hi the king's coming had been announced to us, and know- ing how much it was our interert to keep this chief our f'icnd, Capt. Cook met him at the tents, andconduiflcd tnc whole of this retinue, with hinifelf, on board, wiiere they Raid dinner, and appeared highly pleafcd with their reception. Next (iay. notwithltanding we had much thunder, lightning, and rain, thekingcamc again to fee us, and brought with him another prefenr, tonfirting of a large quantity of rcfrelluTients. When at Anilk-rdam, wc had collected, among other curio- litics, fome red parrot feathers. Thefc precious va- luables procured us hogs, fruit, and every other thing the illand afforded. Our having them was a fortunate circumllance ; for our Hock in trade being greatly ex- haulk'd, without: thefc we ihould have found it dilli- cult to have fupplied the fliip with nccclfary refrelh- inents. When we put into this Ifland, wc intended to ftay no longer than Mr. Wales had made the ncceirary obiervations for the purpofes already mentioned ; and fuppofing we (liould meet with no better fuccefs than we did the laft time wc were here. But the reception ve had already met with, and the few excurlions wc had made to the plains of Matavai and Oparrcc, convinced us of our error; for at thefc two places we found built, and building, a large number of canoes and houfes of every kind : people living in fpacious houfes, who had not a pl.acc to fhelter thcmfelvcs in eight months be- fore; alfifeveral hogs in every houfe, with many other ligns of a riling Hate. On account of thefc favcnirable circuni(hinces,'\\c refolveil to make a longer Ihiy at this ifland, and to repair the iliip, which was now in- difponfably necelfary. .Accordingly the empty calks and fails were got alliore, the Ihip was ordered to be caulked, and the rigging to be overhauled. On Tuefday, the 26th, Capt. Cook, accompanied by fome of the ollicers and gentlemen, went down to Ojwrrcc, to vilit Otoo by appointment. When arrived, we law a number of large canoes in motion, but \\ere much furprized at perceiving more than three hundred ranged along lliore, all completely cvjuippcd and manned; bclides a vail number of armed men upon the lliore. We landed in the midll of thcni, and vcrc received bv a valt multitude, foiiic under arms, and fome not. The cry of the former was Tiyono 'I'owha, and of the latter was 'I'iyo no Otoo. Towha, ve afterwards learnt was admiral, or commander of the fleet. Upon our laniiing wc were met by a chief, named Tee, uncle to the king, of whom we enquired ti)r Oioo. Soon after we were met by Towha, who re- ceived us in a friendly manner. He took Capt. Cook by the one hand, anil Tee by the other, and dragged him, as it were, through the crowd that was divided into two parties, both of which proclaimed thcmfelvcs hi-i t'ricnds by crying out Ti)o no r(K)tee. One party wanted him to go to Otoo, and the other to remain with Towha. When con>'.' to the ufual place of au- dience, Tee left us to go and bring the king. Towha inlilled on the captain's going with him, but he would not confcnt. When Tee returned, he took hold of his hand in order to conduct him to the king. Towha was unwilling he Ihould lit down, and delircd him to go w ith him ; but this chief being a Itrangcr, he refufed to t<)mplv. Tec wa^ very delirous of conducting the cap- tain to the king; Towha oppofcd, and he was obliged to di lire lee to dclirt, and to leave him to the admiral and his party, who conducted him down to the fleet. i lere we found two lines of arincd men drawn up be- fore the admiral's velfel, in order to kecpofl' the crowd that wc might go on board ; and w hen the captain made an cxrufc, a man fquattcd down, and oflered to carry him, but he would not go. At this timcl'owha quitted us, without our feeing which way he went, nor would any one inform us. Wc were now joftled al)OUt in the crowd. We faw Tec, and incjuiring of him for the kijig, he told us he was gone into the county of Ma- taou, and he advifed us to repair to the boat, which uc accordingly did, as foon as we could get collcdcdto- gcther. When in our boat we tcxik our time to recon- noitre the grand fleet. We told an hundred and (ixty lar^c double canoes, equipped, manacd, and armed; but we believe they had not their full complement of rowers. The chiefs and all thofe on the fightiu" ftages, were habited in cloth, turbans, bread plate", and helmets. Some of the latter fecmcd much to in. cumber the wearer. Be this as it may, the whole of their drefs added a grandeur to the profpe(5t, and they were fo complaifant as to (hew thcmfelvcs to the belt advantage. Their vcflcls were full drcllcd with flags, llrcamers, &c. fo that the whole fleet made fuch a* noble appearance, as we had never before fecn in this fea, and what no one could havcexpcdted. Their inltruments of war were clubs, fpcars, and (tones. The velfels were ranged clofc along lide of each other, having their heads to the ftiore, and their (terns to the fea. The admiral's veflel was nearly in the center. We counted, cxclufivc of the vclfels of war, an hundred and fcvcnty fail of fmaller double canoes, all rigged with malt and fail, which the war canoes had not. Thefe we judged were deflgncd for tranfports, vic'lu- allers, &.'c. for in the war canoes were no forts of pro- viflons whatever. We conjedured that in thefc three hundred and thirty vclfels there were no Icfs than feven thoufand Ccycn hundred and lixty men, a number in- credible, cfpccially as we were told they all belonged to the diltridsof Attahourou and Ahopatca. Molt of the gentlemen, by their calculations, thought the num- ber of men belonging to the war canoes exceeded this, allowing to each war canoe forty men, and to each of the fmall canoes eight. Having viewed this fleet, it was our intention to have gone on board, could we ha\e fcen the admiral. We enquired for him but to no pur- pofe. .\t la(t Tee came, by whom wc were informed, that Otoo was gone to Matavai. This intelligence gave rife to new conjectures. When we got to Matavai, our friends told ua, that this fleet was |)art of the arma- ment intended to go againrt Kimco, whofc chief had thrown otf the yoke of Otahcitc. We were Itill at a lols to account for the flight of Otoo from Oparrcc, for wc were informed he neither was nor had Ix-cn at Ma- tavai. We therefore went thither again in the after- noon, where wc found him, and learnt, that the rea- fon of his abfconding in the morning was, Ix-caufc fome of his people had Itolc fome of the captain's clothes which were walhing at the tents, and he feared rellitu- tion would be demanded. He repeatedly alkcd Capt. Cook if he was not angry, nor could he be cafy till al- furcd, that the pilferers might keep the ftolcn things. Towha alfo was alarmed, thmking that Capt. Cook was difpleafcd, and jealous of feeing fuch a force fo near us, without knowing its dcltination. It hapi^cned unluckily that Oedidcc was not with us in the morning ; for Tec, who was the only man we could depend on, fcrvcd ra • ther to increafe our perplexity. Thus by mutual mif- underflanding, wc loll a favourable op|X)rtunity of fcrutinizing the naval force of this ifle, and making ourfelves l>ettcr acquainted with its manoeuvres. It was commanded by an intelligent and brave chief, who was dif^wfcd to have fatislicd us in all qucltions wc had thought proper to alk ; and from the nature of theob- jedts, which were before us, we could not well have mifunderftood each other. All miftakes being now rectified, and prcfents having palfed between Otoo and Capt. Cook, wc took leave and returned on Iward. On Wednefday, the 27th, in the morning, Towha fent us by two of his fervants, two large hogs, and fome fruit. The bearers of this prcfent had orders not to receive any thing in return, nor would they when oflered them. Some of our gentlemen went with the captain in his boat down to Oparrcc, where we found Towha, and the king ; after a fliort viflt, we brought them both on board, together with Tarc- vatoo, the king's younger brother. When we drew near the fliip, the admiral, who had never fcen one be- fore, exprclfed flrong ligns of furprizc, and when on board, he was (liewed, and beheld every part of it with great attention. When Towha retired after din- ner, he put a hog on board without our knowledge, or waiting for a return ; and foon after Otoo and his at- tendants departed alfo. There was a jcaloufy bct« eui thefc two chiefs, on what account wc could not learn; never^ .« COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— fcv nrkingDj/cowr/Vj in the South Seas & Round the irorlJ. '5' nevcrthclcfs Otoo paid lowha much rcfpcct, una was dclirous wc ftiould do the fame. Otoo had the day be- fore frankly declared, that the admiral was not his friend. When on board, both thefc chiefs rcqucfted our alllrtance againft Tiarabou, notwithftanding there was no rupture at this time between the two Hates, and they had informed us, that their joint forces wcru in- tended againft Eimco. The reafon of this dupHcity ,we could not find out: perhaps they were dclirous of annexing that kingdom, by our alliance, to their own, as it was formerly ; be that as it may, as Capt. Cook gave them no encouragement, wc heard no more on this fubjciit. Our endeavours to maintain a neu- trality, we believe, >verc well received by both parties ; for next day, being Thurfday, the 28th, Wahea-toua, kin" of Tiarabou fent us a prefcnt of a hog, for which he requefted a few red feathers, which were accord- ini_;ly fent him. On the 29th, early in the morning. Ot<)o, Towha, and fcvcral chiefs, again paid us a vjlit, and brought with them not only provilions, but foiiic of the moft choice curiolitics of the illand, and among other returns, with which they fecmed well plcafed, the captain did not forget to repay the civi- lities we had received from the admiral. Tow ha. We inurt not oniit taking notice, that the preceding even- in", one of the natives was detected in an attempt to lUal acafk from the watering place, and being caught in the ad, he was fent on board, and we ])ut him in irons. Otoo and the other chiefs faw the culprit in this lituation, and Otoo carneftly interceded in his behalf, rcquerting with many intreaties, that he might be lat at lib^^^rty ; but he was told by Capt. Cook, that as our people were puniflicd for the Icaft oli'ence committed ayainft the natives of Otahcite, it was but jiiftice to pimilh this man alfo, which he was determined to fee (Uineinan exemplary manner, efpccially as it was well known, he, Otoo, would not do it himfelf. The man, in confeiiuencc of the captain's refoiution, was conduct- ed alhore to the tents, where a guard was ordered out under arms, and the olVcnder tied up to a poll, Otoo, his lifter, and many of the natives being fpectators. Otoo and his lifter begged hard for the man ; with whou> the captain cxpoftulatcd, telling Otco, how un- jiMl it wai in his peojile to fteal from us wiio were their friends, and w ho never took any thing from them with- oiit giving certain articles, which he enumerated, in exchange. The captain laboured alfo to convince (.hoo, that the punilhiiicnt he was about to inHict on this man might prove the means of faving the lives of others of his fubjeds ; for if they continued in fuch kind of criminal pradices, fomc would certainly, one lime or another, be ihot dead. We believe he pretty Mill iniderftc/od our commander, and feemcd fatisfied, oniv he defired the criminal might not be Matteerou, (or killed.) Tiie concourfe of people was by this time very great. The captain therefore drew a line for them at a proper diftance, and then, in the prefence of them all, ordered the fellow two dozen of lalhes with acat-o-nine-tails. This chaftifement he received with great lirmnefs, and wiis then let at liberty. Upon this the natives were gomgaway, apparently not much pleaild ; which Towha perceiving, who all the time had remained lilent, though very attentive to every thing going on, he ftepped forward, and haran- gued them for near half an hour, in fliort fcntences. We underftood little of his fpecch, but from whar we could gather, it w as a recapitulation of Capt. Cook's : he mentioned fcvcral advantages they had received from our people; aiid having reprimanded them for their prcfent condud, he exhorted them to adopt and purfuc a dilferent one for the future. His adion was remark- ably gracetiil, and the profound attention of his au- dience, proved him to be a maftcrly fpcaker. Otoo faid not one word. When Towha had concluded his harangue, the marines were ordered to go through their excrcifc. They fired in voUics with ball, and being very quick in charging, and in their manoeu- vres, it is fcarccly poffible to dcfcribe the aftonilhment of the natives during the whole time, particularly the WMzement of thofc to whom this light was quite a novelty. The chiefs with all their retinue, now took leave, wc are apt to think not lefs frightened than pleafed at what they had fccn. In the evening Mr. l''orller and his party returned from an excurfion they had made to the mountains, where they had fpent the night. Mr. Forfter collected fomc new plants, and found others which grew in New Zealand. He faw the iliand of Huahcine, iituated forty leagues to the weft- ward j whereby a judgment may be formed of the height of the mountains of Otahcite. On Saturday the joth, we faw ten war canoes go through part of their paddling excrcife. They were properly equipped for war, and in landing wc obfi rved, that the moment the canoe touched the ground, all the warriors leaped out, and with the aHiftante of a few people on lliore, dragged the canoe on dry l.ind to it.s proper place; which done, every one walked oft" wiiii hi i paddle, &c. Such was their ex|)edition, that in live minutes time after putting alhore. no one could tell that any thing of the kind had been going forward. The warriors on the ftage encouraged the rowers to exert themfelves, and weobfervcd fomc youths in thecuived ftern elevated above the reft, with white wands in their hands, placed there perhaps to look out, and give no- tice of what they faw. 1 he king's brother Tarevatoo, knowing that Mr. Hodges made drawings of every thing curious, intimated of his own accord, that he might be fent for ; and thus an opportunity was un- expectedly attbrded our draughtfman, to collcvft ma- terials for a picture of the Otahcite fteet, as it appeared when aflcmbled at Oparree. Being prefcnt when the warriors imdrefled, wc could fcarccly conceive how it was polliblc for them to Hand under the quantity of cloth with which they were clad, in time of action. Many rounds of this compofed a kind of turban or cap, which, in the day of battle, might prevent a broken hiad, and li)me by way ofornanien:, had fixed to thcle caps dried branches of fiuall Ihrubs, interwoven with white feathers. On Sunday the i ft of May, fcvcral chiefs fupplicd us with a large quantity of provilions ; and the day follow- ing our friend Towha fent us a prcfent of a hog, and a boat loaded with various fons of fruit and roots. \V'c received alfo another prcfent from Otoo, brought by Tarevatoo. On the 3d, upon examining into the con- dition of our provilions, wc found our bifcuit much decayed, and that the airing we had given it at New Zealand was not of the fcrvice wc expcdcd ; we there- fore were now obliged to have it on Ihore, where it underwent another airing and picking, in doing which we found a great part thereof wholly rotten and unlit for ufe. We attributed this decay of our bread to the ice wc frctiuently took in, which made the hold damp and cold, which, when to the north, was fucccedcd by a contrary extreme of intcnfe hear ; but whatever was the rcalcaufeof our lofs, it put us to a fcanty allowance of this valuable article, and we had bad bread to eat belides. On Thurfday the 5th, in the afternoon, the botanifls made another cxcurlion up the country, to the inoun- tains ; they returned the evening of next d.ay, and in their way made fomc new difcoverics. On Saturday the 7th, in the morning, wc found Otoo at the tents, of w hon» the captain alkcd leave to cut dow n fomc tree* for fuel. He took him to fomc growing near the lea ftiore, the better to make him comprehend what fort wc wanted; and he fecmed much pleafed when he underftood, that no trees ftiould be cut down that bore any kind of fruit. This aftirrancc from us he repeated fcvcral times aloud to the people about us. In the afternoon wc were honoured, \Vhcn on board, w itii a vifit from the whole royal family, tonlifting of Otoo, his father, brother, and two lifters : but this was proper- ly her father's vilit, who brought the captain a com- plete mourning drcfs, a prefcnt he iiuich valued ; for which he had in return whatever he delired, which was not a little ; and to the reft of the company were pre- fentcd red feathers. The whole were then conduded afliorc in the captain's boat. Otoo and his friends Nvere fo well plcafed with the reception they met with, that, at parting, wc were granted the liberty of cutting , down ,..A,;::w." IJl Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMFLP^TE. t!own as many trees «s \vc wanted, and what fort wc picafcd. On Sunday the 8th, our friendly connciiUons with the natives wcr interrupted by the negligence of one of our ccntiiicls at the tents, who had his inulket carried away, he having (lept or quitted his poll. We had received an imperfeiS account of this affair from Tec, but we underl^ood enough to know that fomcthiiuhad happened, which alarmed the king, who Tec faio, was unilcr great apprehenfions of being inattecroucd. Wc therefore h)ft no time in going alhorc; and when land- ed were inf«rmed of the whole tranfadion by the fcr- jeant who commanded the party. Molt of the natives had fled at our approaching the tents. Tarcvatoo llipt from us in a moment, and a fcwbelidcs Tec had courage to remain. Wc went immediately in fcarch of Otoo, and in the way endeavoured to allay the feaw of the people. Having advanced fomc dillance from the Ihnrc into the country, Tee on a fudden flopped, and advifed our returning, faying, he would proceed to the nv)untains, whither Otoo had retired, and inform him, that wc were ftill his friends; a queftion, and if we were angry, that had been alkcd a number of times by the natives. The captain now thought it was to nopurpofe to go farther, we therefore took Tee's advice, and re- turned aboard. After this Ocdidec was difpatched to the king, to let him know his fears were groundlcfv, feeing the captain required of him only what- was in his power, the return of the mufquet, A fl\ort tinu- after the departure of Ocdidec, we faw lix large canoes coming round I'oint Venus. SufpedVing that one be- longing tothefc had committed the theft, it was refolvcd to intercept them, for which pur(x)fc a boat was put otf. and another ordered to follow. One of the canoes was ahead of the rel>, and fetmingly miking for the fliip. We put along fide of her, and found two or three wwnien whom wc knew. They faid, they were going aboard the rtiip with a prcfent to the captain, and that the other canoes were laden with fruit, hogs, iscr. Satisfied with this intelligence, the captain re- called his orders for intercepting them, thinking they alfu, ;'s well as this one, were bound for the Ihip. Wc thcretore left this linglc canoe within a few yards of it, .nnd proceeded for the fliore to fpeak with Otoo ; but ii|.on landing we found he had not been there. Look- ing behind us wc faw all the canoes, the one we had lett near the (liip not excepted, making olf m the greatell haHe. Vexed at Ixing thus deceived, wc refolvcd to purfue them, and as wc palled the Ihip Capt. Cook g;ivc orders to fend out another boat tor the fame purpose. Wc overtixik and brought five out ot the fix along-fide, but the one by which wc were outwitted got clear off. This, in which were only a few women, had achially aiiuifed us with falfe ftorie», while the others, in which were moft of their effcdls, were to have made their elcapc. In one of the prizes was a friend of Mr. 1 orfter's, who had hitherto called himfelf an Earec, alfo three women, his wife, daughter, and the moth r of the late Toutaha. This chief we would have 1 it to Otoo; but he made many excufes, faying, he w us of a rank too low for fuch an honourable tiubaliy i that he was no Earec, but a Manahouna ; that an liaree ought to be fent to fpeak to an Earec ; and that as there were none of this high rank but Otoo and the captain, it would be much more proper for the captain to go. At this time Tec and Ocdidec came on board, and affurcd us, that the man who had Hole the nuifquct was fromTiarabou; and that we might credit their declaration, they dcfircd us to fend a boat to Vt'aheatoua, the king of Tiarabou, offering to go thcmfelves in her, and recover the mufquet. This liory, though not altogether fatisfadory, carried with it all air of probability ; and thinking it better to drop the affair altogether, the captain fuftcred Mr. Forftcr's Iriend to depart with his two canoes. The other three belonged to Maritata, a Tiarabou chief, on which ac- count it was determined to detain them ; but as Tee ai d Ocdidec both alfured us, that Maritata and his people were innocent, they were permitted to go off with their canoes alfoj and the captain dcfircd Tee to v> tell Otoo, that he (liould give himfelf no farther concern about the mufquet, being falisfied none of his people had committed the theft, Wc had now given it up, concluding it to be irrecoverably loll, but in the dulk of the evening it was brought to the tents, together with other thingi wc had not miffed, by three men, who, as well as Tome bther people prefcnt, aflirmed, that it was by one belonging to Maritata, by whom the things had been ftolenj wncnce wc concluded both' Tee and Ocdidee had intentionallydcceivcd uc. Every one prcfent at the refforation of the things, and even they who came afterwards, claimed a reward, all pre- tending to have had fome hand in recovering them. Nuno particularly, a man of fomc note, and with whom we were acquainted when here in 17^9, played his part in this farce exceeding well. Me came with the moft favage fury imaginable expreffed in his counte- nance and gcffures ; and having a large club in his hand, he laid it about him inoft violentlyi^in orderto con- vince us, how he alone, and to make us fenfible in what manner he had killed the thief; when at the fame time wc all knew that he had been at home, and not out of his houfc the whole time, which ibews that human nature, refjie^ling her original pafllons and powers, are the fame in every clime, where the (lime mftinds, the fame perceptive faculties, and the fame felf love univerfally prevail. On Monday the yth, Tee came again aboard to in. form us, that Otoo W.1S atOiwrrce, and requelUd of tlie captain to fend a perfon, to let him know if he was Dill his friend. He was alkcd, why he had not done this himfelf, as he was dclired ; he made a trifling excul'c, but we thought he had not fcen Otoo. As the natives brought not any thing to market, and a flop was con. fequcntly put to our trade with them, it was judged time ill Ipcnt to fend any more fruitlefs mcffagcs; a party therefore fet out, with Tee in our company, and having reached the utmoft boundaries of Oparree, the king at laff, when wc had waited a conliderable time, made his appearance. The firft lalutations lieing over, and having taken our feats under the fhade of fomc trees, Qtoo defired the captain to parou(or fpeak). Capt, Cook began with blaming the king for giving way to groundlefs alarms, he having always profclied him- felf his friend, and was difpTeafed only with thoi'e of Tiarabou, who were the thieves. The captain was then afked, how he came to tire at the canoes? 13y way of cxcufc, he told them they belonged to Maritata, one of whofe people had Holrn the mufquet, and added the captain, " If I had them in my power, I would deftroy them, or any other belonging to the diftritit of Tiara- bou." Wc knew this declaration would plcafc them, from the natural avcrfion the one kingdom has to the other; and it was enforced by prelents, which we believe were the flrongeff arguments in fa\our of a re- conciliation : for after theic weighty reafons, things were foon reflored to their former ffaie, by Otoo's pro- mifing, on the word of a king, that we fliould be (up- plied next day with proviiions and fruit as iifiml. Peace and amity being now once more ellablilhed, wc accompanied him to his proper rclidence at Ooarrec, where he obliged us with a view of fome r>*" dock- yards, (for fo they may well be called) w'.cre we law fcvcral large canoes, fomc building, and others lately built, two of which were the largcft we had any where fcen. Having fully gratified our curiolity, we repaired on board with Tee in our com^:)any, who, after he h:ul dined with us, went to acquaint Happi, the king's fa- ther, that all dift'ercntes were brought to a happy con- clulion. But wc had reafon to think this old chief was not fatisficd withthe terms of the accommodation ; for all the women, and thcfe not a few, were fent for o.it of the fliip, and the next morning, no fupplies whatever were brought, and wc were obliged lor the prefcnt, to be contented with fomc fruit lent us by our friends from Oparree. But in the afternoon, Otoo himfelf came to the tents with a large fupply; and prefently after more fruit was brought us than wc knew what to do with : for the natives, we believe, thought thcmfelves injured equally w ith ourfclvcs ; and we knew they had every CO every th iiiittcd the grc the figh paii^ as tallied h greater ohferve ojjpo'f cdiitini' chiefs c thicvif that th inight they.ihi ticle ftc fi-nfiblc nicnt a and wt Iwtift tlKlll. little (II them I lareiei cook's SECONi.) VOY At;li— lor inakiiifr liifcovuiics in the Houth Seas & Roiiiitl the nWU. '^1 every thing ready tor our market, when they were pcr- niittcd to oring them. Otm) deliring to lee fomc ot the great guns fired, hiswifli wasccmiplieil with, but the fight, which was entirely new, gave him as much pair as pieafurc ; but in the evening, when we enter- tained him with a flicw of firc-worlis, he cxprelFed much creater fatisfaotion. Wc have before had occalion to obCerve, that thefe people «ere continually watching mportunities to rob us ; and Cecing the oHender.s were continually ftreencd, we cannot but think, that the chiefs either encouraged, or had not power to prevent thievilh pradUcca. We thought it more extraordinary that they Ihould fo often attempt what they knew might coft them their lives ; and they well knew alfo they.diould be obliged to make relHtiition, if the ar- ticle ftolen was of any great value. 'I'hey were fully fenlibleof thefe confeiiuences, and therefore, the mo- menta theft was committed, every one took the alarm, and went oft" w ith his moveables as fall as pollible ; Iwt if the artide was a tritle, or fiich a:, wcufually gave thein, no conimotion happened, becaufe, in gener.d, hitle or no notice was taken of it. Whether we obliged them to make reftitution or not, the chief iVeiiuently fccreted himfell, and he mull be reconcilcil before the people were permitted to bring in any refrelhments : aiui «eare iK-rfiiaded it was by his onlers the fup[>l;cs were detained from us. 1 hcfe they imagined we could not do without, not conlideriiig, tl-a' their war ca- niKS, dwellings, and even fruit, were entirely in our power. Their propenfiiy to tlii ving mull be ahnolt irrefilliblc, otherwife our uniform conduct toward', them would have had its due weii;ht: for, except de Liiniii'!; their canoes for a time, we never touihed the fiiiallrll article of their pro[)erty. When two exiieines were under our confideration, we Aw .\\ s chofe the moll Ci|iiitable and mild ; and frecjuently lettled dil'putes, or cifecled » reconciliation, by trilling prefents, notwith- llandin;; wc were the party aggrieved. A prefent to a chief aUvays fucceeded to our w ilh, and put things on a Utter footing than they hid been before. In all ( ur ditferences they were the lirll aggrellors ; and our peo pie very feldoin infringed the rules prefcribed by our coininander. Had the captain pinfued lefs eligible methods, he mi<^ht have been a Infer in the end ; for had he dellroyed any of the native.;, or part of their property, all he could cxped would have been ihc niipt) honour of obliging them to make the lirll ad- vani es towards an accommodation. Nor is it cert.iin this would have been the event. 'I'hey were made our fall friends by three motives ; their own benevolent dilfxilition, mihl treatment from us, and the dread of our lire-arms. I lad we not continually had rccourfe to till- fecond, the firll wdiild have been of little ufe to us ; and a too freijuent application of lire arms might have excited revenge, perhaps taught them in a little time, that they were not fuch terrible things as they had conceived them at full to be. They knew their (Irength in the fupcriority of their numbers, and who can fay what an eni.iged multitude might do by undauntedly doling with even an European enemy. On Wednefday, the nth, a large fiipply of fruit Mine to market, and among the lell a prefent from T()«ha, the admiral; for which the cajnain made a Aiitable return. At this time all the necellary repairs of the rtiip being nearly linillied, it was relblved to leave Otaheite in a few days; to this end every thing was ordered olf from the Ihore that the natives might fee we w'ere about to leave them. On ihu i 2:h, Oberea, whom wo had not feen lincc 1 769, paid us a vilit, bringing with her hogs and fruit. Otoo alfo came ibon after her, with a number of atteftdants, and a large quantity of provilions. Capt. Cook was very generous in his returns of prefents, and in the evening entertained them with lire-works, thinking it might be the lall time we might fee thefe friendly people who had fo liberally relieved our wants. On Friday, the 13th, wc were not ready to fail, but the wind was favourable, and the weather fair. Oe- diilec was not yet returned from Attahourou, and va- rious reports were circulated cuiiceriiing him. Some fuid he was at Matavai ; others, that he intended not No. 18. to return; and there were thofe who allirmed he was rtt Oparrec. With a view of difcovering the truth, ft party of us repaired to Oparrec, where wv found him. Towha «as alfo here, v ho, not- withftandihg he was aflliaed with a fuelling in his feet and legs which had taken away the ufe of them, had neverthelefs relblved to fee the captain be- fore ho faileil, and had advanced with this intent thus far on his journey. 'I'he day beinj; far fpcnt, we were obliged to Ihortcn our Hay, and alter having feen Otoo, we returned on board with Oediilee. This youth, we found, was delirous of remaining at Otaheite ; the captain therefore told him he was at liberty to remain here, or to quit us at IJlictea, or to i;o v. ith us to Eng- land. That if the latter was his choice, he mull look upon him as his father, as it was very probable he would never return to his own country. 'Ihe )outh threw his arms about his neck, wept much, and laid, many of his friends perfuadcd him to remain at Ota- ,ieite. Oeiiidec was well beloved in thi: rtiip ; on which account every one was pcrfuading him to go witlii's. Hut Capt. Cook thought it an ai^l of the highell injullicc to take a pcrfon from thefe illes, when there was not the leart profpcOt <'f his returning under any promife which was not in his power to perform. In- deeJ, at this time, it was quite unneceli'ary, feeing many young men ollercd voluntarily to go with us, nay, even to remain and die in Pretanee, as they call our country. Several of our gentlemen wc.uUl have taken fome as fervants, but Cajit. Cook prudently rc- jcvted every folicitation of this kind, knowing, they would be of little ufe to us inthe coiirfeof the \oyage ; belides, what had Hill greater weight with the captain, was, that he thought himl'elf bound to fee they were afterwards pro eriy taken care of. On Saturday, the i.vth, early in the morning, Oedi- dee came on board, and Mr. I''or(Ur prevailed upon hiin to go with us to Ulietea. Towha, Poatatou, Oamo, I iapiii, Oberea, and many more ol our friends paid us a vilit. The wife of Towl.a was with him, and this chief was boil'' d in, and placed on a chair, on the quarter deck. Among other prefen's, we gave the admiral an Knglilb pendant, which, after he had been inllrucled in the ufe of it, pleafed him more than all the rell. Soon after thefe friends had left us, we faw a number of war canoes coming round the point of Oparrec, to w hich place the captain accompanied by fome of our ollicers and gentlemen, haflened dow n, in order to have a nearer view of the Heet. W'e arrived there before all the canoes were landed, and had an opportu- nity of obferving in what manner they approached the Ihore. No fooiier had they got before the place w here they intended to land, than they K)rmed themfelves into divilions, conlillingof three or more canoes lalhed fquare and along-iide of each other; after which each divilion paddled in for the ihore, one alter another, in fo judicious a manner, that they formcii, and doled a line along the iliore to an inch. 'l"hc|■oweI^ were en- couraged by their warriors, and directed by a man who Hood with a wand in his hand at the head of the mid- dlemoft velfel. By words and actions he directed the rowers when all fliould paddle, and w hen either the one lidc or the other lliould ceafe, tvc. for the lleering pad- dles were not fullicient to direct them. 'I hey oiilerved all thefe motions with fuchquicknels, and anfweivd lb exactly, as plainly Ihewed them to be expert in their bu- linefs. Mr. Hodges made a drawing of them, as they lay ranged along the Ihore, afterwhidi we took a nearer view, by going on board feveral of them. This fleet, which confilled of forty fail, belonged to the little dillrid of Tettaha, and were come to Oparrec, to be reviewed before the k:ng, as the for- mer Heet had been, the manner of whole equipment wc have already dcfcribed, and as that of tliis licet was cxadly the fame, a repetition mult be here need- Icfs. On this fleet were attending fome fmall double canoes, called Marais, having in their forepart a kind of double bed place laid over with green leaves, eath juft fuflicient to contain one pcrfon. 'i'hefe they told us were to place their dead upon, their chiefs wc fuji- pofe thev meant, otherwife ihcir llain mull be verv 2 (^ less'. h. **i J54 (ipt. C O O K 8 V () V A O E S CO M P L E T K. few. Otoo, ;ii o.ir rciiuflt, onlcrcil lomc ol their troops t(i po tlii(ii.;;li tncir cxcrcilc tm lliort. 'I'wo parties tirlV bcj^an a battle with clubs ; thi-y then jiroLceileil to (inple (onibat, and cxhibitcil the va r.ous nicrhoils ol' ligliting with fiirjirilinj; aj^i- lity ; parrying otV the lilows and pulliis wiiii great alertnefs aiiil ilexteiity. Their arms are eliibs and Ipcars. In tiling the rl'i'\ all blow." aimed at the legs, ■were evailed by leaping over it, and thofc deligned lor the head, bv eouihing a little, and leajiing on one lidc. The I'pear, which is ufed at times y.s a dart, was p;irried, bv lixing the poiiu ol' a I'pear in the groiin.i right belore ilieiii, holding it- in an iiulineii polition, nioreor lels ele\ateil, according as the) law to what part of the boilv tlivir antigonill intended to luike a piilli, or to throw hi> dart at ; and by moving tlie hand a lit- tle to the right or left, either the one or the other was nirncd ort" with great eale. 'I'hcfe combatants had no fiipcrlliious drel's upon them. \i\ unnecell'ary piece ol' il'ith or two which they had on when they began the tombac, were pnieiuly torn oil' by liime of the Ipectn- tcMs, and irivd) to our gentlemen. This review being over, the rieet departed without any order, as fall a.s thcv could be got a-lloat i and t)to(> conducted us to one of his dock->ar.ls, where the two large pahits, or tanof.s. Were building, each of which w*as an hundred and eiglit feet long. They were deligiied to form one joint uoiibk canoe, and were ahnoll le.idy f(ir l.uitich- "ing. '1 he king I'egged ot iiie captain a grajipling and rope, to which he added an Knglilh jack an.l pen- dant, and delired th.e I'ahie might be called the i5ri ta'inia. 'I'his he rn'.^ly agreed to, anil the was im- mediately fo n.nv.id. .N'l'.cn we came to th.e Lo.it, we touiv.l in it a hog, and a turtle of about lixty pouiiils weight : this had been put in piivatd) by ();no' order, that the chiefs about him might not be oHenucd bv their being depri\ed of an entertainment. The king w)u!,l likewil'e ha\c prel'eiited to us a large fhark ihev had priloner in a creek (fome of hi.s lins henig cut oil' to prevent his efiaping) but the excellent [wrk, and bill, with which we were fup[)liecl at this ille, had fpo.led our palates for fuch rank food. V\'e were a< - toir.p.inied on board by the king, an.l Tec, his prime miniller, who after dinner took an atlcctionate fare- well. t)too had i'npoitiined us the whole liav. and iiioH earnelU, lequclled of u-. that we would return to Otaheite. When al)out to depart, he deliieil of the captain 'o permit a \oiith, whom he took by the hand, to go in tlie Ihip to .Anillerdam, inonlerto collect l()r him red li-'atlurs. 'i he \outh was very detirous of go- ing, but as he CO, ;ld nut return, the captain, with the view of fnti>.;'>ing Otoo, promifed him, that if any Ihip ilui'.ld be fent hither trom Britain, the impoitant article of red teachers ihould not be forgotten. The captain, wc believe, was difpofed to have obliged the king; but it is to be reir.embercd, wc had refolvai to carry no one from the illes (except OedidiT, if he (hole to gi)) and the captain had jull refufed Mr. l''orller the liberty of taking a boy with him, for realiins already mcncioned. lUiC if curiolity excited a delire in the vouch of Oiaheicc to go with us, the treatment we h.ad met with i\: this place had induced one of our gunner's mates to remain at it. 'I'o this end he had formed a j)lan, whu h he knew was not to be executed with fuc- cefs while we lay in the bay; and no fooner were we out, the I'uls let, ami the boats out, than he took the opportunity, being a good fwimmer, to Hip overboard. l^e was dilcovered before he had goc clear of the ihip, ainl a bo.it being hoilTed out, i)refeiitly returned with the runaway. About midway between us and the Ihore, a canoe was obferved coming after us, intended without duub!; Lo cake him up; f<)r when the jicojile in her faw our boat, they Hood olf at a greater dilhince. This we fiKind wa.-, a preconcerted plan between the man and foine of tlie natives, with wliiih Oloo was acquainted, and had eiK.o'iragcd. The gunner's mate was an Iriih- man by bii tb, and we had pic ked him up at Batavia, in our lirrt voyage, lie had neither friends, nor con- nexions, to conlinc him to any particular part of the woiid, where then could he be fo happy as at one of thele illes.' Here he might enjoy in eafe and plenty, not only the necellhries, but the luxuries of life, which leads us, before wc leave this celebrated illnnd of Ota, heite, to give fome account of its prefent fbtc, cfpc. cially as it dilTcrs much from what it wxn cveneight months ago; and in order to give our fubfcribers, and numerous readers a more dilKant idea of its lituation, general figure, extent, and the char;ieter of its inha- bitants, we murt beg of them to indulge us with the liberty of a recapitulation of fcveral things, which have I'lready a|ipeared in iletached parts of this work; that fo the w hole may be brought into one view, and its ilillinol heads rangeil in their proper order. We have already mentioned the imi)rovements we found in the plains of Oparree and Matavai. The fame wa, ob- ierved in every other part that came under our obfer- vation. It feenied to us almtill incredible, th.it fo many large canoes and hoiifcs loiild be built in fo Ihoit afpaceas eight months ; but the iron tools which they had got from the Miij.^lilli and other nations, who ha\e latcK touched at the illiiid, no doubt, had atcc- ler.ited the work, and of h.iikl.s t'ley cannot be in want. 'I'he great increare in the number of tluir hogs ;m hfs excited our admiration; though, probably, ihiv were not fo Icarce when we were heie before, as we then iiiu- gined ; a-, not chuling to paiT with any, they iiin^ht h.ive con\e)Cd them out ot light. The li'.ii.iticm of this ille is perhaps the M\ in the world, being ex|>ored to none of thofe vicillitudes of hear and told, which are obferved to have fo fenlililc an ellect on the health and I'pii its of thofe wholixe in remoter regions. lu exact policion is from latituilc I 7 deg. ;S mm. to that of 1 7 deg. 5 j min. S. and fioui longituiie i.fcjdeg. loinin. to 1 nj cleg, .p min. W. It lies nearly N. W. and .S. !•'.. and is divided into two diUmct principalities by an illhmus, or neck of land, and three mile.s over. The north-welKrly divilion is, however, much larger, and more fertile, but by no mean, lii well cultivated as the foiith-eallerly divilion ; which Ihcws, th.ic even the defects of nature, if wc may be allowed to call them fo, ha\e their life, in lirompting men to indiillry and art, to fupj)ly their wantti. 'I he ligiire of the largell peninfula, is nearly circular, being from N. to S. about twenty miles, and from K. to well, about the fame. The whole is fur- rounded with a reef of rocks. The lell'er (K'liinfula is rather of an oval form, and from the neck of LujJ on the N. W. lide, to the little ille of Oiuoareittc on the S. I{. is alioiit twelve miles; but Irom the mouth of the river Omaiea on the foiith, to that of Owahe on the north, not n.ore than eight. 'I he circumference of the largcd peninfula is about fixty mihs, of the fmalled about twentv-four; but in failing round lx)th, the line w ill be extended to ninety nearly. For a particular account of the produce of the iflaiiil, wc are indebted no doubt to the indelatigable indiilliy of Mr. lianks and Dr. Solander ; in whofe catalogue are the following particulars', namely, brcad-ti..it, co- coa-nuts, bananas of thirteen liirts ; plantains, a fruit not unlike an apple, which when ripe is very plcafant ; fwect [lotatoes, yams, cocoas, a kind of arum; a I'ruii tailed by the natives jambu, very delicious; fugar- cane ; a root of the faloop kind, called pea; a plant called ethee ; a fruit named ahee, nc/C unlike a kidney bean, and which, when roalled, calles like chcfnut.^; a tree called wharra, proilucing a fruit not unhkc a pine apple; a flirub called nono; the morinda, which alio produces fruit ; a fpeties of fern ; and a plant called ava, of which the roots cnly are chewed: all thefe, which ferve the natives for food, the earth pro- duces fpontaneoufly ; bclides which there are a great variety of Ihrubs and plants, which ferve tor varions piirpofts of building houfes, vefTels, tools of did'erenlf kinds, manufactures, dyes, i>ic. to enumerate which would be tedious. Of four footed animals the ifland produces but few, none having been feen by the Kuro- peans on their firll landing, but hogs, dogs, and rats, of which lafl the inhabitants are very fond. 'J'hcir wild fowl arc ducks only, and the birds that haunt the wood, except fmall birds, are chttHy pigeons, and pa- roquets j COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making D/TZowr/W in the South Seas & Roumi the U'-jrU. .■) J roquets; but with (i(li the road abounds, of which the varieties arc nuniberlefs. Poultry is not in plenty, nor is ii (o well Havoured as what we have m Europe. Here it may be proper to obferve, that the two goats, which Cant. I'urncaux gave to Otoo, when wc were laft here, fecnied to promile fair for anfwcring the end for w hich tlicy were put on fliore. The ewe foon after had two female kiifi, which were at this tin\c ready to propa- iratc their fpccies ; and the old cwc was again with kid. The natives feenied to be very fond of them, and they to like their lituation ; for they were in exceeding good condition. We may therefore reafonabiy hope from this circuniftance, tiiat, in a few years, they may be fprcad over all the illcs in this ocean. 'I he (hccp which wc left, died in a (hort time after; but wc un- derrtood one was yet alive. Wc alfo furnillicd them withallockof cats, not lefs than twenty, bcfidcswhat we left at Uiictca and Hu.iheinc. The natives, particularly the chiefs, are in fi7.c, ra- ther above the largelt Europeans. Their food, which is of the (implcft kind, is not fuch as to promote glut- tony, nor their drink, which is chiitly water, caku- latal to provoke intemperance. Theirdaily intercourfe with the ocean acculloms them from their youth to cxercife ; and the bufinefs ol lirtiing, which in nor- thern countries is the moft laborious of all eiiipioy- iiients, is by them pr.iOtifed as their amufement. I'hey who have repreCented them as indolent, becaufe nature fiipplR's liberally all their wants, have milUikcn their cli.iracter. Kvcn their chiefs are artifls, and their hoiifcs, public edifices, canoes, and iiianiifaLturLs, tlieir uteiiliis, inllrumcnts of war, working tools, their boats, and lilhing tackle, are all proofs incoiitelUblc of thiir inilullry. I'.injiUn meats of this kind tend to b.i- nilli lloth ; and no perfiMi was ever known to langiiilli with an incurable diflal'e among them, though it dois not appear, that tiic medical art has yet made any lon- \\\\a.\\ progrels. Much has been faid, and in general with flriLt truth, of the graceful nels of their perfoii- ; yi't if we were to judge of the whole by Autoiou, and biiiii, who were brought to I'.ngland, they might be thi)U;;lit to have liitle claim to that perfection; yet their cliitis have undoubtedly a comparative dignity; but thai Lomparifon is to be confined at home between prince and peal'ant, and not extended to Kuropcan countries, where grace and dignity arc leading cha- racters. Their women ililfer from each other in |)cr- fonal channs as in all other countries ; but in ftature, tliofeof lupiTior rank take efpccial care to prefcrve the family diftincfion. It is not uncommon for ladies of the tirfl rank to fingle out a handfbii\e well-propor- tioned youth, to prevent degeneracy, when the ftaturc of ihe family is in danger of being reduced ; but they arcorherwile fcrupulous in nothing fo much as in mix- ing with the canaille, and there is fcarccly an inllance of their cohabiting indifcriminately with the lower clafi of people. I'heiv is, perhaps, no nation where the pride of anceftry is carried to a greater height, and yet they have no means of recording their pedigree, but by oral tradition, nor any rule tor continuing the line, but what nature has imprcired upon the mother. Having no fcbools, nothing is to be acquired by edu- cation, example is their principal inftrudor and guide : the pattern fet by the father is followed by the fon, and what the mother does, that the daughter learns ; but this is not to be underflood to perpetuate hulbandry and arts, as in China, in particular families ; for in Ota- heite hulbandry and arts are not impofed as tafks, but arc mther anuifements to pafs away time. None arc compelled to work, yet all are employed ; their fevcral ftations chance feems to have allotted ; and here is no murmuring againfl providence for not being more bountiful. One precaution obfervcd among the great in order to give vigour to their chiefs luft not be omitted, and that is, they never fuffer an intercourfe between the fexcs till both parties arrive at full matu- rity. The very rcvcrfe of this is pradiccd by the mul- titude, w ho in general are as much below the common llandard as their chiefs exceed it. They are almoft all tattowcd, women as well as men. In this there fccms to be fomethingmyftical; the prieft pcrfbrnn the ope- ration, and the very children are (luourai ed by ex- ample to endure the pain, than whii h notliiiig can bo more acute. To have a thoufand puncfuies all at once, with the blood Oaitipi.^ at evi ry piinotiirc, in more, one would think, than a cliiKliouUI hear, yet they fulfcr it with a loititmic (jf uhic h in luirtipe an inftance cannot be found. Tluir h.iir is iilinolt uni- verfally black. 'Ihe men wear, it loiijr, va\ing in ringlets down their iluniiikrs ; but the women cut it fliort round their ears : botli f'e\es fuffir none to grow under their arms; and are very delicate in keeping every part about them fwect and clean. To this end they treiiuently bathe, fcldom futVering a day t.) pal'^ without going into the water more than one e. Iiuleeil they anoint their heads with an oil expreHed from the cocoa-nut, which fometimes prove ; ruTid, ami cinit'i a difagrccable fmcll ; otherwife in their jicrfoni they are without a taint. Mr. Hanks faid, " that if our f.iilors quarrelled with thefe people, they would not air^e with angels," which fulllciently denotes the pirilneis of the r difpolition. We have mentioiieil that WaI.eitoua is re- lated to Otoo. The fame may be faid of the chiefs of Eimco, Tapamannoo, liualieinc, Ul et a, Otaha, Ho- labola, for thefe are ail relared to the nnal family ( f Otaheite It is a maxim with tl.e I'.arecs, and others of fupcriorrank, as we h,i\^' jull olirciYtd, neverto in- termarry with the Toutoiis, or ollurs of inftrior rank ; and probably this ( iillom mi;;ht give rife to the cfhi- blilhment of the cl.ifs call.d b'.arceoies : it is certain thefe l()i leties prevent gnat'y tlu' increafe of the liipe- riorclalies of people, of wiucli t)u) areconu oilii.and do not interfere with the lower or f cuto;!^ ; tor we ne- ver heard of one of thele being an l!;irreov ; nor that a 'loiitou could rite in lite abo\e the rank in wliich he was placed by his birth. '] hei iiffomsof thefe peo[)le obfervcd in their eating, is our readers mull ha\e pen.'MVv.i .from what has al- ready been laid on this fni^jcov, arc very lingular, and they feem to entertain foiVij fuperflitious notions, not ealily difcoverable by flnuigers. The women are not [Hrmitrcd to eat w ith the men ; not, as it lliould fecm, to mark their inferiority, but in conformity to a cuftom which habit has eUabhfhcd into a law ; nor is it ufual for any of them to eat in company, except upon cer- tain days of feilivity, when great numbers of them af- lemble together. A meffenger from one of our I'".ng- lilh captains found Oberea, the then fuppofed queen of the illand, entertaining a company, which be fu|)pofe(l could not be lefs than a thoufand. The meffes were all brought to her by the fervants, who had prc|v.rcd them ; the meat being put into the fliclls of cocoa- nuts, and the (liclls into wiwden trays ; and flie dilhK buted them with her ow n hands to the guclh, w ho w ere feated in rows. This done (lie fat down herfelf upon a feat fomew hat elevated above the rcfl, and two women placing themfelves, one on each fide, fed her like a child. When ilie faw \.\vz meirenger, flic ordered a mefs for him. They have two ways of drcfling their animal food, namely, broiling and baking. The firfl is performed over hot floncs, without any other con- trivance than that of placing the meat upon the clean ftoncs, and when done enough on one fide, they turn it, and broil the other. Their manner of baking is very fingular and curious. They Hrit dig a hole in the ground, in depth and dimenlions proportioned to the thing they have to drcfs; they then place a layer of wo(5d at bottom, and over that a layer of tfones; anil fo alternately a layer of wood and a layer of Ibmes, till the hole is full : the fire is then kindled, and tl'.e flones made hot j this done they take out the fire, and placing the (^ones that arc lead healed one bcfidc the other at the bottom of the hole, they cover them with frefh leaves ; and on thefe thc)- put the meat intended to be bakcil; then after laying another layer of green leaves, they fill up the hole with the remaining hoc flones, and clofc the whole w ith the mould that was fii II; dugout of the pit. In this lituation the meat is M- fcrcd to remain for three or four hours ; and when taken out is then fo favourv, as not to be exceeded bv the 1-' ^^ 156 Cnpt. C C) O K s VOYAGES COMPLETE. Ihf bi'll l''.iiri>p('an inoki'iy. Almoin all ilic llolli aiiil lill) eaten by (he i hiel\ iit ilie illaiul is lirelleil in one or the other ot the alK)vc tvut unys: the latter ii moll in uCc anionic the j^entry i ami the Ibrnier nnionj^ the commonalty, whofomctimes indeed eat their fillt with- out dreHlnj?. Tables they have none, ami thofe of the hij;heH iiuaiity dine on the ground under the (hade of a Ipreadin^; tree ; frefli green leaves ferve them H)r a iloth, and a balket j*hieh is fet down by them hold* their provilion ; thcfe, and two eocoa-niit.s, one filled with fait water, the other with frelh, eoniplele the whole preparation for a meal. When this is done, they ualli their hands and mouths, and then, if nothing calls them abroad, they ufiially lay theml'elves down to llcep. It was long bclbrc any of tiuiu could be per- fuaded to eat with I'.iiropcans, and they certainly, like the Jews, have Ibme fuperllitious ceremonies to be ob- ferved in the preparation of the food they eat, which, if omitted, renders it unclean, or they would not have continued fcrupulous (i) long. Kven the lixid of their women is dill'erently prepaicil from that of the men i and if touched by unhaliowcil hands, is accounted un- lit for ufc. Some ot' the gentknun, when invited to their houfes, eat out of the famebalket, and drank out of ttic lame cup with their holls; but it was obferved, that the elderly women were alwajs olVendcd with this Iberty ; ami if they happencil to tou( h the victuals of any of thcanticnt matrons, or even the batket that held it, they ne'er lailed to cxprcis their ilillike, and to throw it away ; nor couKl the women of falliionevcr be pcrfuaded to cat with the genilemen, when dining in company : but what I'ccni.i moll llrange, and hardly to Ix accounted tor, they would go, live or lix in com- pany, into the fervanis aiartmints, and eat heartily of whatever they could tind ; nor did they feem in the leall difconcerted, if they were difcosercd; yet it was not eafy to perfuade any of them when alone, in pri- vate with a gentleman, to cat with him, nor would they ever do it but under the moll folemn promifcs of lecrecy. Their amufenients arc various, fucb as mulic, dan- cing, wredling, Ihooting with the Ijow, darting their lances, fwimming, rowing, and lling.ng of llones. Their mulic it iiuift he lonlcli'ed is very impcrtect, conlilling only of a tlute and drum, yet with thefe, companies go about the loiintry, and frequent their fellivals, being in eijual eltimation with them as muu- ricc dancers were formerly with us, and the diverlion they make is notiinlimilar. In Ihooting the long l)ow, or in throwing the lance, they by no means excel ; nei- ther are they very dexteiou.s at wreltling; but at throw- ing (loncs, and fwimming, they are perhaps equal to any people upon earth. .Xiiiong other diverlions, they have tluir heivas, nearly '"oriefponding with our Kng- lilli wakes. The young piople imet together to dance ami to ii-akc merry ; and at thefe times thciiiniiiiirels aiul i)layers conrtantly attend, as tbrmeily perf'/n; of the fame character were wont to do all over l.iigl.'.nd, and in fome counties the velUges of that antieci cuf- tom remain to this day. At thel'e heivas, hciicver, their tV'iale perlbrmers, in their dances, have no re- gard to decency ; and though the fame end was no doubt in \ iew in the inllitution of the wake and heiva, yet what in Kngland was concerted with the utiiioll fe- crecy, is publickly avowed and praCtifcd in Otaheite. But though the iiillrumcntal mulic of the Otaheiteans is much confined, their vocal muiic is by no means con- temptible; yet in the fweetnefs of the voice conlills all the melody, t()r they lii.vc no rules to regulate the tones. Their liungs are accompanied with words of their own compofmg, which they can vary into long and fliort verfes, fprightly or folemn, as occalion pic- fents ; and as their language is exceeding harmonious and mulical, a (Iranger is no lefs delighted with the arrantcft nonfenfe, than he would be with the moft fublinic compofition. The heivas are indifcrimiijately frequented by all ranks of people ; but there is Hill a more exceptionable meeting held by thofe of high rank, to which luch only are a'.'.mitted who are properly ini- Watcd. Thcfe people form a diltindt fociety, in which every wtunan \$ common to every man i and at ihiir mcciinL',s, whii hare dillinguilhed by thciumeof Ar, reoy, the fjMiitii they practife are beyond imagination wanton. We may traie fomewhat like this in the hif. tory of the antient inhabitants of our ow n illaiul. IVr- haps it would be no exuggeratlon to aild, that in ihc city of Lomlon, there are as many men as the whole illand of Otaheite contains, who ilevote themlllves (n- tirely to the pleafures of fenfuality, and who aiuuli themfelvcs to no one woman, but enjoy indilcrimi, natcly all they may i and that there are an eiiual niiuu IxT of women to be inet with, who are at all tiiins ready to gratify theirdelircs. Orel's, among the ladies of Otaheite, feems to be nj much iUidied, as in more civili/.ed nations. Ilowt\(r neither the feet or legs, even of the tiuality, have any covering, or any defenic from the ground, or the I'corching heat of the fun, which at Ibme leafoiis ii very intenfe : but they arc very nice in ornamenting their heads, and in Ihading their fices. 'I'hat part of their head-drefs, in which thev piide themfelvcs mnll, is threads of human hair, I'o delicaicly plaited, that it is not unufual for them to have garlaiuls of this manu- tacture wound round their heads j the |)l.iits w hereof bi'- ing interwove with Howers have a vcrv pretty elKi't.aiul aic exceedingly bccommg to joung i:Kt:s. In tlicu- ears they wear ornamei..s, which, bclore the l-'iuoptan beads, conlilled of bone, tortoilhctl, or any thing lln- ningand Ibewy. The other part of their ilrcl!'. is veiy limple; being a piece of cloth about a yard and a half w ide, and between three and tour yaiils long, having j hole cut in the middle, jull big eiumgh to let the hi.ij pafs ealily through ; tliis flows round them, and c ovcis them a little below the wailt; from thence a large iiuantity ot the fame iloth is gathered in folds, and tied round them as wc tie a cravat round the ncik, which, being di.iwn into a large knot, is again fprcad out, and flows artlelsly down lulbie, near!) as low as the knees, while the gieatefl qiiantiiy of the cloth falls ilown behind, inappearam c not unlike the ilref^ol tl c Roman orators. This habit is far fiom being ungrace- ful, and there is lilile ditlerence bitweenthat of tlip kxLn, except that the lower garments of the nun aie nearly of an equal length before and behind. The drtth they we.ii is of very iliU'erent textures. What is worn in dry weather is no other than paper made of the rinds of trees ; but that which they put on when it rains is more I'ubltantial, and is properly a kind of matting incomparably plaited. The thapc of iluir doathing, like that of our own, is nearly the fame from the prince to the peafant, the only dillinctioiis being the quantity worn, and the cf)louri the lowir clafs of people wearing only one tingle garment ; the better tort as many as, were they made of broad cloth, would burden them tocarry. ()ne thing, however, ap- pears lingular. When they fahite eath other, ihiy conllantly unbare themfelvcs from the waitl upwards, throwing otV their tunics, as we may call them, with the fame cafe, and for the f'ame purpofe, as we pull otf our hats. This falutation is toinmon to the vio- men as well as the men, and is the univcrfal practice. We have occafionally mentioned how fond the people of Otaheite are of red feathers, whi(h they call Oora ; and thefe are as highly valued here as jewels are in Eu- rope ; efpecially what they call Oravine, which grow on the head of the green parixiuet ; and though all red feathers pleafe, none are erteemcd ecpially with thclc. They arc fuch good juilges as to know very well how to diflinguilli one fort from another j and many of our people attempted in vaia to deceive them with other feathers dyed red. Thc'.e ornaments of drefs arc- made up in little bunches, i-onlilling of eight or ten, and fixed to the end of a fniall cord about threeor four inches long, which is made of the outliile fibres of the cocoa-nut, twilled fo hard that it is like a wire, and fcrves as a handle to the bunch. When conipolcd in this manner, they are ufed as fymlujls of the Eatuas, or divinities, in all their religious ceremonies. .Sohu. times they hold one of thefe bunches, and at others, only two or three feathers between the fore- finger and thumb, CO( tlunnb, emild nil illand, tlirrs, till mull alfi Ipikc-nail (■rpeciaily tlieladits The ar live, nam ^iir,.tion, one re ma which is I It is a pr wide at tl of 44 '"■' rowing gr „n which carved in iiicnts of liderabli is (do tc< paved wit As this prow ing ' dill.mce cook's SliCONO VOYAGE— frr mRkin(;.D//«v5r.T/W in the Soitf I, S,;iiA- Roiiiul the fVor/J. ^^7 tliiiiiil), iiMil la, a prayer, ndt one uonl ot whiili wl coiilil iiiKlcrOanil. Whoever inakcs a Miyagc to tliiit illanJ, will do well to proviile hitiifilC with rcil ttii*^ tlirrs, the tincft anil lijiallcd that lire to he ^ot. Me iiiiilt alfo have a gcwKJ (lock of axes .ind hati het", Ipikc-iwilt, tiles, knilatuiv, on wiiiih near the middle (lands the figure of a bird cirvcd in wood ; and at foiue diltancc the broken (r.ig- incnts of a li(h cut in Done. This pile makes a ioi\- liik'rable part of one liiic of a fquare court, whole art:» jH (60 feet by ,154, indofed within a (lone wall, and p.ived wtth the liniii- material through its whole extent. As this liiuare is fiirrounded with trees, and has many prow iiif; within it of a particular kind, it («>mis at a ilill.uicc the moll delightful grove that iinagination can paint. At wh;»t time it was erected could not be learnt, tor ihev have no records of pall tranfactions ; tint being conthu;(^ed of coral lloncs, many of large (linienlions, neatly fiiiiared and polithed, and Co nicely joined as hardly to difcover a feam, it mud till the iiiind of a nice obfcrvcr w ith admiration and rapture, while he examinej all its parts. To think how tuch a inal'i of materials could be brought together in an illand wherein no quarries are to be (bund ; how thele m.itcnals could fie cut with fuch cxaClnefs, as to (brm a pile by rain, without cement, and that with tools little iurdcr than the fubllancc to which they were applieil ; and, lalUy, how thefe enormoiii blocks of (lone could afterwards be raifed to the height of 44 teet, to dole andcover in the building, mull furely excite the won- der of every ordinary Itcholder; but to mark the fym- nicrry of the whole, fo judly proportioned in every put, as to difplay the moft confununatc judgment, imili atford a feall to an enlightened mind, >t which an ordinary (e.im;in can hasc no relidi. '1 iii., jioble (Iruc- iiire, and drong proof of genius, will remain the ad- miration of all who may have the pleafure of feeing it, perhaps, as long as the idand itfclf diall endure ; for facing folid, and without .i cavity, no time, that will not equally aHcft the idand, can detlroy it. Of their carving in doife there arc but very few tpccimens to be produced, and initccd, when their tools they have to work with are conlidcred, it is more to be admired, th;it there are any, than that there are fo few j but we have realim to hope, that now they are made acquainted with the life of iron, and have lonliderablc quantities of that metal among them, that their improvements will fpecdily be proportioned to their advant.iges, and ;hc acutrnefs of their underllanding. hut of their tarving in wood, we (iiw not a tool, or ordinary utenlil, that did not difcover evident proofs of their expertnefs in this art. Their vcdlls lor luvigation arc all adorned with it ; and in (bme of their perlbrinances an excel- lence is difcernable, whic h, with fuch tools as they have to work with, no Kiiropcaii carver could cxtad. With regard to their (hip-building, they arc upon a footing with their neighbours, if not at prcfcnt fupc- rior to them. Their ordinary vcd'els arc well adapted to the feas they have to navigate, and wc never heard of a (ingle indance of one of them being ca(l away. Moft of them arc elevated at the head and ftcrn, lor the purpofe of defending the rowers from the furf, which on thefc idands breaks ujwn the (hore with un- common violence. Thofc of Otahcitc are in form not unlike the punt boats, with Hat bottoms, fuch as are ufed by our fidicrmen on the river Thames, or ra- ther like thofe ufed t<)r the fame purpofe on the Severn : they are nowhere wider than three feet, though feme of them arc more than 60 feet long : nor are they an No. 18. ,. ^' ^ ,1 iiuiidecpn >ii the bo.iy, th'nijrh at the 1 cad an.', dern they iile With a curvature more tli.m li teet. Ah it wt)uld Ih- impoinblc t«) navigate thefc villcis, fo loiig, a. id lb narrow, without fome contrivance to keipthciii upright, ihey place two of them as near as can be of the (ame dimentions, along-lule of each other, ai three, four, or (ivc feet didance, and with lining fpars join them together 1 then raiting a mall in cai h, they hoilt a fquare fail, the yard.i of wliii h are fath ncd above and below to the correfpoiiding mall.i, and ilius i iiuipt, w ith a cabin crci^ted bttwcen them to How iliiir pmvilions, they will keep the fea tor fcveral days. In rigging their double canoes, they have a rule tor propoitioniiig the height of the mads to the length of the kcJ, and of littiiig the fail to the height of the mallj th v likwifc hiivc a contrivance of failing in (ingle canoes by means of out-riggers, which prcijict on the lee-ful'. of the vellel, and prevents their ovcr-fctiing; to this without which, after d ccftain age, none are accounted worthy ot focicty. From twelve to fourteen is the pe- riod allotted for the performance of this rite, for be- fore that age childrcrt arc thought unable to endure the fmart. The other fort of paintirtg in ufe among thefe idanders may be rather called daubing, confifting only in colouring the rude carvings in their pleaful-e boats, &c. fomctimcs with one colour, fomctilnes with ano- th( r, but moll commonly with red. Wc fliall clofc thi;; head with a few remarks on their marine forte, or war canoes, coniidcred as their grand fleet. Capt. Cook when fall at Otaheitc conceived rather art unfa- vourable opinion of Otoo's capacity and talents; but the rapid improvements fmce made in the ifland con- vinced us, that he murt be a man of good parts; and it is certain that he has fome judicious, fenfiblc meil about him, who have a great fliare in the gcvernmcnt : but wc cannot fay how far his power extends as king, nor how far he can command thcafTiftancc of the other chiefs, or is coinroulable by them : this however is cer- tain, that all have contributed towards bringing tne ille to its prcrentflourilliing llatc : yet we found it not with- out divilions among their great men. The king told us, thatTowha, the admiral, and Poatatou, were net his tiicnds. Thefe being two leading chiefs, Otix) iiiufl: have been jealous of them on account of their prcat power ; yet on every occafion he feemcd to court their iiiterefl. VVc arc inclined to think they raifcd by farthc preatell number of vcfTels andmen, togoagainft Kimco, and were to be the two commanders in the ex- pedition, which, according to common report, was to take place five days after our departure. W'aheatoua, king of Tiarabou, was to join this fleet to that of Oroo, and that young prince was to be one of the comman- ders. Oik would think fo fmall an ifland as Kimeo, would have endeavoured to fettle matters by negotia- tion rather than refill the united force of thofe two powerful nations; yet nothing was heard or talk d of but lighting. Towha faid more than once, that he flumld die in the .ndion. OediJcc thought the battle would be fought at fca ; but wc thought it moll proba- ble, that the people of Eimeo would remain at home on the dcfcnlivc, as wc were informed they did about live or fix years ago, when attacked by the people of Tiarabou, whom they repulfed. We were told, that livcgcneral olVn crs were to command in this expedition, c>f which number Otoo was one; and, if they named them in order ac.ording to the pods they held, Otoo was only the third in command ; which fcems probable enough ; for he being but a young man he could not ha\e futlicicnt experience to be commander in chief, where the greatefl fkill and judgment feemed to be ne- f elfary. Capt. Cook was difpofed to have ftaid five or fix days longer, had he been fure the expedition would have taken place in that time, but it feemed they ivantcd us to be gone lirft. It was fometimcs reported, that it would not be undertaken before t^n moons ; as if it was nccellary to have that time to put every thing in order. For feveral days before wc failed, Otoo and the other chiefs had ccafedto folicit our alliance and af- llflance, which they were continually doing at firft ; and afier Capt. Cook had affured Otoo, that if they got their fleet ready in time he would fail with them down to F^imeo, we heard no more of it. Probably they thought it more political to be without us, knowing it was in our power to bellow the vidory on whom we pleafcd. Be this as it may, they undoubtedly wanted us to be gone before they undertook any thing ; and thus we were deprived, much againd our inclination, of feeing the whole fleet aflcmbled on this occafion, and, perhaps of being fpcdators of a well condudcd engagement at fea. What number of vcfTcU were ap- pointed for this grand expedition wc could not learn. Wc heard of no more than two hundred and ten, be- lides a number of fmall canoes for tranfports, and the ^ied fleet of Tiarabou, the (Ircngth of which we could not gain the lead intelligence : nor could wc learn the ftuniber of ..len necefl'ary to man this fleet. Whenever tb« qucdion was a(kcd^ the ^nfwcr wa« Wafou^ warou. warou tc Tata, that is many, many, men. Allowing forty to each war canoe, and four to each of the others, which i'i a moderate computation, and the numlKr willaniount toninc thoufand; an allonifhing numbci, if wc confider they were to be raifed in only four dif^ tri(fls, and one of them, namely, Matavai, did not equip a foufth part of the fleet. That of Tiarabou is not included in this account ; and many other dillricts might be arming which we knew nothing of; yet we think the whole illdnd of Otaheite did not arm on this occafion, for we faw not any preparations making at Oparrec. We believe that the chief, or chicfsj of each diftricl. fiiperintcnded the equipping of the fleet be- longing to that diflrid ; after which they mufl pafs in review before the king, who by this means knows the Hate bf the whole intended to go on fcnice. The num- ber of war canoes belonging to Attahourou and Ahojiata is an hundred and lixty ; to Tettaha forty ; to Mata- vai ten; now if we fuppofe every dillricl in the ifland, of which there are forty-three, to raife and equip the fame number of war canoes as Tettaha, according to this efiimate, the whole itland can railc and equip one thoufand (even hundred and twenty war canoes, and fixty-eight thcnifand able men, nllowing forty to each canoe ; and feeing thefe cannrt amount to above one third p;.rt of the number of both fexes, children in- cluded, the whole ifland cannot contain Ids than two hundred and four thoufand inhabitants. This at lirll light exceeded our belief; but when, uiwn a review of this calculation, we confidcred the vail fwarmi of natives which appeared wherever wc went, we were coininced our cllimatc was not much, it at all too great. There cannot, in our opinion, be a llrongcr proof of the richnefs and feitility of Otaheite (not forty leagues, or 120 miles, in circuit) than that ot Its lUp- porling fuch a number of warriors and warlike inhaL.'- tants, all artills, and pod'cflcd of a fleet both their glory and defence. Such is the prcfent flate ot the arts in this celebrated illaiul, which, had I'upia li\cd to ha\L- come to i'.ngland, and to have returned again to his o« 11 country, would, no doubt, have received llill moio rap'd improvements ; for he was a man of real gcniu-', a prie I of the firll order, and an excellent artill. 1 lis l(Oy 'liivota was the darling of the Endeavour's crew, being ot ,1 mild and docile difpolition, ready to do any kind office liir the meanell in the fliip ; never com- plaining, but always pleafcd. They both died much lamented at Uatavia, theoccalisnof which has ba;n re- lated ill its proper place. The manufactures of Otaheite arc of various kinds; that of cloth is in the highefl ellimat ion among them. The material of which one fort is made is neither fpuii, nor woven in a loom, but in every refpecl is prepared after the firfl (imple manner of making paper befuro milts were applied to facilitate the labour. The bark i« firtl llripped from the tree and laid in the water, as wc do flax, to foak : it is then divell-'d of the rind bf fcraping, till only the fibres of the inlidc remain. When properly cleanfed, it is placed uiion leaves, one layer by the fide of another, till it is of fullicicnt breadth ; and in the fame manner it is. extended to what length the manufacturer chufes, or the ground will admit ; and to (Irengthen it and increafc itt breadth, one layer is laid over another till it is of the fubftance required. This done, it is hit tc' ilrain, and when juft dry cnouj^h to be raifcd from the ground, it is placed upon a kind of ilage, made of finooth t)oards, arrtl beat with a f({uare beater about a fw. long, and two or three inches broad. On each of the four fides of this beater parallel lines are cut length-., ife : thclo lines dirter in fincncfs, in a proportion from fina.l twine to a lilkcn thread. They firft begin with the coarfeft fide of the bearer, and finifii w ith the lincll. By the continual application of this beater, in which two people arc continually employed, who fland opix)- lite to each other, on each fide of the flagc, and regulate their ftrokcs like fmiths on an anvil, the cloth, it cloth it may be called, in its rough llatc thins apace, and as it thins, it of co irfc increafes in breadth. When it has uadei]gonc this procefs, it is then fprcad out to vhitcn, COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the World. 1 59 whiten, which when fuHicicntly done, it is delivered to the 'ladies, whofc province is to look it carefully over and to remove all blcmilhes. Thus far com- pleted, it is coloured, {rcncrally red or yellow, after which'it is rolled and laid up for ufc. By this procefs the reader will readily comprchcnil in what manner the fabric may be varied into line or coarfe, according to the materials of which it is mnde, and the labour bc- ftowed upon it. In Otaheire tiic bark of three diffe- rent trees is made ufc of in this manufadure ; the Chinefc paper mulberry, the bread-fruit trt", and the wild fig-tree. Of the firll ami fixond the H.?efl: forts r.rc made; but of the hit, the moft durable, i'lic firft and fecond imbibe water like paper; hut the lat- ter will reiirt the rain. They have a method of wafh- jni; this cloth, after it has been worn, and when w alhcd it is again beaten; by this Lift procefs it is rendered very foft and pliable, .\noiher confulciabie manufac- ture is that of matting, made Mkewife of the rinds of plants and Ihrubs, which are worked to a degree of linencfs not to be eciuailed Dy any thing of the kind known in Europe. Of thi.-. inanufidurc arc made their fails, the covering of tiieir beds, and their cloath- iiiT in rainy weather. Their cordage is another con- (iikT.iblo article, which is mad: of the rind of a plant not unlike a wild nettle. In this manufadure thjy likcwife excel, bur we do not learn that any of it was iHir'.liafcvi forthe Ihip's ulV. 'I'heirlines made for lill!- iin' arc much fuperior to any thing of the kind ufed m Kurope, being Ihongcr and infinitelv more durable. 'Iheir tilhing nets h.ive ihc fame ativantiges-; but the ronls made of human hair, which the ladies wind roimil their heads, and whicli, like netting, is the chief amufement of the ladies theie, is incomparably bc- VDiui any thing that cm be ( onecived in tw illing. Mr. ii.iiiks iS faui to have had in his polfefiion a fpecinien of it, near two thoufand yards in length, and as fine as our fincft thread, not having one knot, or apparent joining, neither have they any engine to adill them in the performance, but all is done by the hand, and with a quicknefs that almoll excccils belief. They ha\e likcwifc a manufacture of bafket, or wicker work, of which every native is a proficient ; and as they have a kind of emulation in excelling in this kind of work, it is not to be wondered at, that there (hould be as many ditfercnt forms, as there are different make;.',, fome of them incomparably neat. But among the curiolitics of this kind, that which was m^fl admired by the l^ndea- vours people, when at this ifle, was the figure of a m.in Upwards of ftven feet high, reprcfcntcd in bafket work, whicli they imagined was a reprcfcntation of one of th( ir dtities. This wicker fkeleton was rom|)letely (OMreil with fcather.s, white whire the fkinwas to ap- pear, and black in thofe parts which it is their cuflom to p lint or flain, and ufwn the head, where there was tu be a re prtfentation of hair. Upon the head were lour protuberances, three in front, and one behind, 'ihirefcnr the two are nearly re- lated, and we believe the lormer is, in fome meafure, dependent on the latter. Otoo is l\iled Earcc de hie of the whole ifland; and wc were told, that Wahea- tnim, the king of Tiarabou, mull uncover before him, iiuhe lame manner as the lowcft order of his fubjeds do. This homage is not only paid xm Otoo, but to Tartvatou, his brother, and his fecond lirter, to the one as heir, and to the other as heir apparent. We have fotnetimes feen the Eowas and \^'hanno« covered before the king, but v.hcther by courtefy or by virtue of their office, wc cDuld not learn. Thefc men, whd arc the principal perfons about the king, and form his court, arc generally, if not always his relations. Tec, fo often mentioned in this narrative, was one of them. The Eowas, whd hold the fir'' rank, attend in turns, a certain number each day, fo that they may be called lords in waiting. We feldom found Tee abfent, and his attendance was necefTary, as being befl able to negotiat : matters between Capt. Cook and the chiefs ; on t '.w fervicc he was always employed, and he executed the lame, wc have reafbn to believe, to the fatisfadion of both parties. The Eowas and Whannos always cat with the king ; nor do we know of any one being ex- cluded from this privilege, bu: the Toutous ; lor as to the women, as we have already obferved, they never cat with the men, let their rank be ever fo much ele- vated. Notwithrtanding thefe cflablifhed orders, there was very little about Otoo's perfbn or court, whereby a flrangcr could diflinguifli the king from the fubjed. We rniely faw himdreired in any thing but a common piece of cloth wrapped round his loins ; fo that he feemed to avoid all outward pomp, and even to demean himfelf more than any of his luirees around him. We have i\:{:n his majefly work at a paddle, in coming to and going from the fliip, in common with others in the boat ; and even when fome of his Toutous fat look- ing on ; and fuch is the uncontrouled liberty of this happy ifle, that every individual has free acccfs to him w ithout the Icaft ccreniony ; hence it is, that the Earces and other chiefs arc more be- loved thin feared by the bulk of the people. We (lioiild think ourltlvcs happy in knowing more of this mikl and ciiual government, than the general out-line ; tor as to the orders of the conllitucat parts, how con- llruoted, difpofed, and connected, fo as to form one body politic, wc can fay but little. From what we have been able to diftovcr, and gather from informa- tion, it feenis very evidently to be of the feudal kind ; and a reiv.arkable conformity appears between the po- litical citablilhmciu of Otaheite, and that of the an- tient Britons, which confided of fcveral fmall nations, under feveral petty princes, or chiefs, who in cafes of common danger united under one head. Thefe chiefs had all of them their refpeiltive families, who multi- plymg, became a dilhnct dafs from the common peo- ple, and preferved b\ their perlbnal courage, and le- nity, a very great inlluence over them. Of thefe two rlalVes, added to that of the pricflhood, the whole body })olitic conliftcd ; lb that among them, what one clafs tinind neceffary to command, the other was ready to execute. Hence it was that induftry took place, and arts were invented; and this feerns to be the prcfent (late of the illanders of w horn wc arc now fpeaking. l.aws they had none, but fuch nsarofe from the ilea of fuperiority and fubmifTion, fuch as c.\citc parents to corr'.,;t the faults of their children ; neither have the Oi; neiteans any other at this day. There is no crime among them that fuiijee'tf a man to death, and when life is taken away, it is always in the heat of pafTion or rcfentmcnt. and not the ciXciX of formal acculation and deliberate puniflnnent. The contentions that arofe among the chiefs beci.ine the quarrels of the whole community, and thofe quarrels nccdfarily led the par- ties to have recourfe to arms, and in proportion as the contentions j^'cw more frequent, the weapons that were contrived for defence, grew more defperatc. It was not, however, till after civilization took place, that contentions for liberty began to fpread devaftation among people of the fame community. In their pri- mary Itace of fubjedion, the people never entertained a thought that they were in llavery : they obeyed as children do their parents, from a principle originating in nature, which induces the weak to fiibmit to the Ihong, and thofe of uninformed underftanding to be governed by thofe whofe w ifdom and courage they rea- dily acknowledge. This, in our opinion, is an impar- tial and juft reprcfcntation of th. Ihite of the civil go- vernment in Otaheite, w herein none think themfclvcs flaves, ytt few are free. As to the religion of this people, wc arc as much at a ■•> m i6o Cnpt. C O O K's VOYAGES COMPLETE. lols for materials to t'orin an opiijion on this fubjcd as former navifj;ator!i. The little information we have hi- therto received is fo vaiiuc and contradictory, that no- thing with certainty can be laid about it. VV'c have faid they have iiiols, yet they appear not to be ido- laters ; that they have places of worfliip, yet never af- fcmbli- in congregations to pay adoration ; that they ac- knowledge deities of Ceveral orders, but that they have no forms of" addnlling them ; and that they mutter fbmcwhat like extemporary prayers, yet have no ora- tories, or forms of ilevotion, nor any fit times for private or public worlhij'). They have prittls likewife of feveral orders, who have different ollices afligned; but few of ihofe ofliies are particularized, cm-coi that they prefidc and prav at funerals, and are the prir.'Mpal attendants at their Nioras, or burying places ; though it does not a(;pear that any ceie.nonies of devotion arc pcribrmed there. The !>l>it e . that have been ob- ferved as appertaining to the priefthood are three, namely, circumcifing, tattowing, and praying at the funerals of tl-.e dead. That of ciicumcifing is not per- formed after the manner of the Jews, but after a pe- culiar manner of their o« n, and has no doubt the pu- ritv of the circumcifld fin its object, in bringing every part about them into contact with the water, with which tluy conlhuuly wafh three times every day. 'lattowing, wh.ite\er us object, is never omitted ; and praving tor the dead is a proof that they believe in the liiui's exilling in a fiparate Hate, after ilcath, which is lontirnK'd by their [)laciiig meat and drink in their bu- rying places. In this ciiflom. they are far from being lingular. Among the antient Romans, in the infancy of their flat ■, they placed meat upon the tombs of their dereafcd liiends, that the gholts might come out and eat. as they belicNed they would; and when they intendidto exprefs the molt abject flate of human w retchedncls, ilicy ufcd to fay, " fuch a creature get-i his fiKnl from the tombs." The character of the Ta- houa in Otahcite, very nearly correl'ponds with that of Druid among the antient Britons. He is the chief priell, and his erudition conlilts in learning the feveral traditional memorials of antient times ; in being made acquainted w ith the opinion of their anceltors, concern- ing the origin of things ; and in the rejietition of (liort mylterious feiitcnces, in a language which none but thofc of their own orders can undcrlland. The Bra- mims of the call ha\e their mvltic, unknown tongue, as have alio all the followers of the great Zoroaltcr. Thcpriells are fuperioralfo to the rcll of the people in the knowledge of rwvigation and allronomy, and in all the liberal arts, of which thefe people have any idea. Thu.s far the character of the Tahowa agrees with that oi Druid, in c\ cry particular. The Druids were the only pei foils of any fort of learning, which conliltcd in the obfcrvaiion of the liea\ens, knowledge of the liar-., whereby they prcliigcd (iitiire events ; they had the care of all religious matters, and their authority was ablbluie. 'I'he (hiel of the Dniidi, was pontill or high nricit, tvhofe iligiuty uas elective. 'I hus we night trace the coiifciriuin ol the i iillonis and manners of nations remote liom each other, in their infant Hate, but we wave fuch an ciK|iiir\, as it might be thought foreign to our bufinrfs in hand. We Ihall toiK hide this hillorUal flsctch of Otahcite with a brief at KHint of ilicir I'uneial ceremonies, in which the prielt and the people jointl) allill. When a native is known to be de.id, the houfe is tilled with relations, who deplore their lols, fome by loud lamen- tations, and fome by lels clamorous, but more genuine eNi)ieliions of grief 'I'hofe who arc the neareft de- gree of kindred, and moll afVectcd by the event, arc filent; the red an- one moment uttiring pallionate ex- preii'ons, or c x( 1 iiiiatioii'i in a i hoius, and the next laughing and talking, without the lealt appeanince of com crn, much lil- ceflion) to bide themfclvcs in holes; it would have been fullicicnt tor them to have kept out of the reach of the cudgel ; but they muft be awed by fome fecrec mfiiivc ; fome fuperftitious dread of fome misfortune happening to them, Ibould they meet the corpfe, ei- ther in an unlucky place, or in an ominous fituation ; as at this day many people in the northern jiarts of Bri- tain get out of the way of a corpfe whc n carrying to the grave, fur thefe or the like reafbns. Ihc people of Otahcite, we think, arc not intimidated by thr . r^rc- henfion of being beaten ; but they may have !icad upon them of they know not what ; yet it i.^ i.iv a dread as infenfibly impels them to keep at a ililta-v ■-; and if they are by accident furpri/.ed. and meet a corpfe at the corner of a Itrcct, or th. rounding of a hill, they never fail to '-.IcIs themfe'ves, and ti.rn the way the orjife is carryin..-. and w dk in the fti.ie lii- leClion for feveral pacts to nv-rt th: bad effects of the unlucky omen, which they always interpret againii themfclvcs. Irt an account of the funeral ceremonies of the illandcrs in the South -Seas, the writer, wlu, judged from what he hiinfelf fuw, and not from wlut •,vas COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE-^fot making Di/lovcries ift the SouthSe^s he Round the IForU. i6l f was reported to him, tells us, that the prieft, accom- panied with two boys painted bla^;-, attind the Morai, or place where the corpfc is depofitcd, to nrcivc the hogs, fi(h, and other provifions, which on thcfc occa- fions arc offered to the Ethooa, or deity of the place, fliid to lay them upon an altar. This pried is alfo em- ployed in rtrewing over the body of the defunft leaves, and Bowers of brfinboo ; and for two or three liays he occalionally ranges the adjacent fields and woods, from which every one retires on his approach. The rela- tions, in the mean time, build a temporary houfc near the Morai, where they aflemblc, and the females mourn for the deccafed, by finging fongs of grief, howlinjr, and wounding their bodies in ditFerent places with lliarks teeth ; after which they bathe their wounds in the next river or fea, and again return to howl and cut thcmftlves, which they continue for three days. After the body is corrupted, and the bones are become bare, the fkcleton is depolkcd in a fort of ftone-pyraniid built for that purpofe. Thefc Morais are freciucnted by two birds facred to their {jods, namely, the grey heron, and a blue and brown kmg-fiilier ; but whether ihefe birds, or the pried and his attendaius cat tlie of- ferings that are made to the preliding deity, or w hether they are eaten at all, we arc not informed, though wc have fpared no pains in making enquiries anionp our friends aiiil fellow voyagers, concerning this and livenil other doubtful and c|ueftionable particulars. It is agreed, however, that the piety of the natives is in no infl.mce fo flrongly exprelFcd as in the profuf'ton of co- vcrini' they beftow upon the remains of their deccafed friends, and in the ornaments with which they decorate their Morais, but thefe Morais are not the reieptacles of the ordinary dead, but appropriated folely to the ufe of the principal families to which eat h refped- fiiUv belongs : how it fares with the bodies of thecom- iiion herd we could not learn, whether they are luf- fered to rot ujwn the ground, or under it ; nor have our principals afforded us information concerning this paitu'iilar ; indeed they feem to have been moll intent upon what is Uriking in high life, without regarding ila- ordinary occurrences that daily pafs among the multitude; thefe did not much aitraOf their notice. We fliall ju'd add to what has been faid under this liead, that the Otaheiteans have neither phvlicians or fiirgeons, by profeffion, except the priell:, whole relief < onlills in prayers and ceremonies, not in ilriigs or pre- liriptions; jet we mull not conclude from hence, that they are delicient in the art of healing. Two or three inlhnces occur in the relations of aiUcrent voyagers, which, to fay no more, are firiking proofs of their knowledge in what is neceflary to prcfcrve life. Tupia was pieiced through the body with a lance, headed with the jagged bone of the iHng-ray: the weapon went in at his back, and came out jurt under his bread j yet he was perfedly cured, and never complained of any bad (■ireds of his woiuid. One man had his head ahnoll cruflied, his face beat in, his nofe Hatted, and one eve heat out, the hollow of which would almofl: admit one's fid; yet this man, we are told, was cured, and tt)all appearance felt no remaining pain. A third had a Ihme through his head with a (ling, in the time of adion, and yet, ftrange and improbable as it may fecni, he, like the others, we are informed, appeared to enjoy a good date of health. We will not vouch for the trutnof all the circumdances in thefe relations, which we think are rather of the marvellous kind, yet we may be allowed to infer from the fads themfthes, that thev are incontedible proofs, that the natives of Otaheite have a knowledge of the virtues of balfams, of which we are either not poffeffed, or are ignorant of their healing qualities. Irom this narrative of the illand of Otaheite and its inhabitants, fome will be ready to envy them their felicity ; but it mud be re- niembeved as a foil to this, that they do not always iliicp in fecurity : they are frequently furprized by their warlike neighbours, and whole didrids are depopu- lated ; for it in the invafions of one another's territo- ries, they happen to prove fucccfsful, the vidors fpare fieitber man, woman, nor child. Dut it is time now No. 19. to return to the diip, which on the 14th of May WO' left under fail, and that night die cleared the reef. On Sunday the 1 5th, we had an open fea, with A fine brec/e in our favour, and purfued our voyage td the N. W. and N. VV. by VV. The fame night we made the idand of Hiiaheiiic, and anchored in the north entrance of O'VVIiarre harbour. Oiee, the chief, and feveral of the natives paid us vilits. Oiee, among other articles, brought with him a hog; and the next day, being the 16th, Ca[)t. Cook returned Oree's vilit, prefenting to him fome red feathers, which he held in his hand, and muttered over them a prajer. This morning the peo|)le began to bring us fruit. The chief fent us two hogs, wliich were followed by hini- felf and friends w ho came ro dine with us. Orce alkcd for axes :'.iui nails, which were readilv given him. Thefe he didnbuted as he pleafed, but bellow cd the larged diare upon a youth who appeared to be his grandlon. After the didribution was over they aj! re- turned adioie. Mr. border, and a partv with him. went up the country to examine its productions ; whit h he continued as a daily tafk iluring the diip's conti- nuance in this harlioiir. As a fervant of Mr. J'liiller'.J was walking along the diorc, without a companion, he was bel'et by leveral dout fellows, who would Ir.ue dripped him, had not fome of our peojjle ai ti\i li to his allidaiK e. One of the men madeod" w ith a IrUi iict. This liav the number of natives that came about the flii|) wa^ Id great, that it was Uiiind nccellaiy to place feiuinels in the gangways, to prevent the men from coming on board ; luit no ojipolition was made to t.'iC women, !ii that the ihi[) wascrouded with them. On 'I'liefday, the 17th, we fouiul Oree, '■in^ a rreaC number of the princiiMl pe()]:'le adembkd i:i a houfi" confuliing together. VVe heard the late r(A/bery iv.eii- tioned by them feveral times ; but the ehief allured tis, neither himfell nor his friends had any hand in the fame, and delircd Capt. Cook to kill with his guns thofe that h.ad. We could not learn where the rob- bers were gone, and therefore, at preleiu, took no more notice of the ail'air. In the eveniiv; a dramatic entertainment was exhibited. 'I'he fubjed ol'the piece was tliat of a girl running aw ay with us t'rom Otaheite. This was not wholly a fiction, for a girl had taken her padage w ilh us from L'lietea, and was at this time pie- fent when her own adventures were reprefented; flic could hardly refrain from tears uhilethe jilavwasaeiirg; and it was with much dilliculty we perluaded her to day out the entertainment. At the conclulion of the piece, the girl's return to her friends was repre- fented ; ami the reception Ihe met with was not a fa- vourable one. It IS very probable that this part ol' rhi- comedy was deligncd to deter others from going away with us. On Wednefilay, the 1 8th, king Oree caire and dined on board, .ind the Captain, at his defire, or- dered the great guns to be fhotted, and fired into the watef, by way of falute at his arrival and departure : indeed he had by Oedidee given us to umlerdand, that he expected the limie honours to be paid to him, as had been diewn to the chiefs of Otaheite. A pariv of petty olliccrs having obtained leave to amufe ihemfelves in the country, they took with them fome hatchets, nails, iVc. in bags, which were earned by two natives, who went with them as their guides, to Ihew the way. Thefe fellows maiie od with the trud lepoftd in them, and artfully enough edeilted their elcape. Ihej-.anv had with them twomufquets ; and after it had rained (ume time, the natives pointed out lome birds (or diiin to d.oot. One of the guns \'.ent oil', and the otl.er miircd fire feveral limes. At thisindant, when tie lei- low sfaw themfelves fecure Inim both, they tocJ: the opportunity to run away, and not one ol the paitv, beingallmuch furprized, had prefencc of mind eiiough topurfue them. On the lytli a report was ciirrenr, that the natives intended to lile and attack the 11 ip. The cafitain, though he did not think them lenous in fuch an attempt, yet was unwilling totally to difiegaid the intimation: he therefore ordered twenty dand ol* arms to be in icadinefi, in cafe any comii;uC;oii il.ould 2 S b« ^1 m mm:v i6:j Capt. COOK 8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. •ii inii: 'm mn^Bilt. 'kI^Hk ■ I^^M : ^^^^Ku i 'Sm ^^^V^' IB ^B ^B^^HHB 1 Ije obfcrvcd amoiig them ; but though the rumour in- creafcd throughout the day, yet no preparations could be perceived to countenance fuch a report ; and the king continued his vifits a» ufual, never coming empty handed. On Friday, the 20th, the firft and fecond lieutenants with one of the mates, being out on a fliooting party, they were befet by more than fifty of the natives, who firft took from them their arms, and then robbed them of what articles they had carried with them to trade. In the fcuffle the ftrft lieutenant loft the fkirt of his coat, and one of the other gentlemen received a fevcrc blow. When the robliers had ftripped them of their 5iicrchandi7cs, they rcftorcd to them their fowling pieces. When this tranfaCtion came to the know ledge of Capt. Cook, he went intmediately with a boat's crew on Ihore, ami entered a large houfe wherein were two chiefs. This, w iih all their cffedts, he took polfeflion of, and remained riu to, till he heard that the gentle- men had got fafe on board, ancJ had all their thing» rc- ftorcd to them. Oedidee informed us, Orce was fo much affecU'd w ith the relation of this, that he wept much. When on bo;ird, we ieann from the ofticers thcmfelves, that a fmall infutt on their part was the occallon of the atfray ; but fome chiefs interfering, took the officers out of the croud, and caufed every thing which had been taken from them lobe rcftorcd. On the 2 1 ft, we fa« upwards of fixty canoes, moft of the people in them being L'.arceoies, ftcering for Ulietea, arjd we heard they were going to vilit their brethren in fhe neighbouring i(l:uids. It feen.s ilicfV people have cuftoms among them p'' '.iliar to themfeKcs ; amlalTift each other when neceli rc-"ir'>s: we may thereti-re call them the lice Mali iiaheine. This day Oree fent a meftage to Capt. ., dc^iring he would ♦"otne on Ihore, and bring twei -two men with him, in order to feareh for and ehaftifc the rf)bbcrs. Oediiiee brought with him tnenty-t«o pieces of leaves to alfift his memory, a culloni very conuuon among thefe peo- ple. 'Ihis mefTage fccmed to us an cxtraordiiun, one, and therefore the captain went to (he chief for better infbrmaiion. Orce mtbrmcd him, that thefe fellows were a fct of banditti, who had formed thcmfelves into a body, and had refolved to rob all they met, f()r uhich piiriiofc they were now alFembled and armed. Thefe robbers Orce wanted us to attack, the captam faid they would Hy to the mountains ; but he alliired us to the contrary, and delired we would deftroy both them and their habitatior», only fparing their camns. This requrll ftemed extraordinary, but the captain was refolved to comply with it in part, left thefe fellows iliould make more head, and become formidable; and alfo with a view of preventing the report from gaining ground in Ulietea, w here we interKied going, and wr veie apprehrnlivc ad'oiiations might be formed in like jnanner, ana the people might treat us in the fame vay, or viorfc, they being more numerous. Capt. CiHik ami his ollicers made ready to accompany king Oree in the expedition agaiiift the robber*; and having ordered fifty marines with icunc failors to be well ariiicd, they landed near the pr.lace of the king, and having required him to conduct them according to his promife, he very readily confented, and they all fet out together in very gotnl twder. The party increafed as we prtKceded ; and Oedidee told us, that feveralofthe banditti hadjoinevl us, with the view of decoying us into a i)lacc, where they might attack us to advantage. As we could place no confidence in any other perfon, we rook his advice, and proceeded with caution. We riurthed feveral miles, when Capt. Cook declared he would proceed no farther ; belides, we were informed that the men hai! lleil to the mountains. At this time ■we were i-.bout to i rofi a deep valJey, with ftcep rocks fin each Ude, where our retrtat might have been rendered difficult, by a tc.v men aUaultiiig us with ftones. <,)edidce pcrliftcd in his opinion; .ind we marched back inihefame oriler as we came. As we went along, wc obfcrvcd fe\eral prnple coining down the fides of the hillt with clubs which they inmiediately hid when fiiry found wc faw thciu. 1 his was fome confirma- J tion of Oedidee's fufpicions ; but wc could not pcr- fuadc ourfelvej that the chief had any fiich intention, whatever might be the deligns of his people. In our return wc halted at a convenient place, and wanting fome rcfrcihments, they were immediately brought us. When wc arrived at the landing plate we difchargcd feveral volleys, to convince the natives, that we could fupport a continual fire ; after which we returned on board, and the chief dined with us ; having brought with him a hog ready drcfTcd. After dinner we re- ceivetl a great number of prefcnts as pcace-ofterings. Two chiefs brought each of them a pig, a dog, and fo'nc young plantain trees, and with due ceremony prcfented them fingly to the captain. Another brought a very large hog, with which he had followed us to the fliip. A quantity of fruit was brought us by others; fo that we were likely to make nr-orc by this little cx- curiion, than by all the prefcnts wc had made ihein ; and the expedition had oiw good efFed at Icaft, for the people were convinced that mufqucts were move terri- ble thijigs than they at Hrft imagined. Wc were pro- mifcd a larger fupply of liags and fruit the next day; but the chief was not fo good as his word. Wc went alhorc in the afternoon, and found him lilting down to dinner. The people about him immediately began chewing the pcj)per root ; a cup of the juice was prc- fented to Capt. Cook, but he did not like the method of brewing it. Oedidee was not fo nice, and immctli- ately fwallowcd what the captain rcfufed. The chief walhcd his mouth with cocoa-nut water after he had taken the luice of the pepper root, and .-vte a large quantity ot plantain, rcpe, and mahee, and finiflied his diiuier by eating and drinking a compofition of plantains, bread-fruit, mahee, ficc. of the confiftencc of a cuftaid ; of diis he took about three pints. He liined in the open air, at the outfide of his houfc, ajid during diimer time a play was perf«>rming within the I'.oufe. On Nhiuday the :.^d, wcputtofea. The chief and Capt. CiKik took an alrcdionate leave of each other. When Orce heard that we never intended coming there any more, he faid, Let your fons come, we will treat them well. V\'e diil not get a fiifficient fupply oi hugs at this itland, though they did not appt -rlo be fcarcc; but wc obtained more liurt th.in we well knew what ti> do with. Our Hock in trade being iu.'arly cxhauftcd, we tound it necellary to let the fmiths to work, in ma- king ililVercnt forts ol iron tools, that an inthience might be kept u() at the other illands, and to enable us to pro- cure reiielliiucuis. On Tuefday the :4th. we anchored in Ulietea, and was viiited by Oreo the chiel, who brought with him a handfome prefcnt. .A party of us w cnt aftiorc to make the chief a prcfent. and as wc entered his houfe wc were met b) five old women, who lainented very bit- terly, and cut their f;kccs in a ftiocking manner. This was iv>t the worft part of the ftory, fur we were obliged to fubmit to their amiable embraces, and g»t ourfelves coveretl with blood. After this cereinonv was over, they w allied thcmfelves, and appeared a? chearful as any other perfon. On Friilay the 27th, Oreo paid us a vifit. in com- pany with his wife. Ion and daughter, and brought wi'h them a very handlbiue prefcnt of all kiruU of re- freflmients. We accompanied them on ftiore after din- ner, and were entertained with a pkiy which con- cluded with the reprcfentation of a woman in labour, performed by a fet of brawny fellows ; the child tliat was brought forth was at leaft fix feet high. As loon as the child vas delivered, they prcflcd his nofe, whicli feemed to indicate that they rcilly take this method with all their children, which occafioas that flatncfs which their nofes generally have. On the 29th feveral things were ftolcn out of our boats, which lay at the buoy ; but on application to the chief, we had them all returned, except an iron tiller, and in lieu of that they brought us two large hogs. On Moiiday, the joth, a party of us fet out for Oedidee's cftatc on the th'r- tieth inllant, accompanied by the chief and his family. When wc arrived there, uc found that Oedidee could not COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoverics in the South Seas & Round tlic World. \ (^l not command any thinp;, though he had proniifcd us hogs and fruit in abundance ; they were now in pofllf- fion of his brother, Wc had here an opportunity of feeing them kiilanS drcfs a pif^, which was done in the follow ing manner : three men firft ftrangled the hog ; the hog v/ai laid on his back, two men laid a flick acrofs his throat, prelTing at each end, the third man ftuffed up his fundament with grafs, and held his hind leg?;. The hog was kept in this pofition for ten minutes, be- fore he was dead. An oven, wliich was clofe by, was heated. They laid the hog on the fire as foon as he was dead, and finscd off his hair; he was then carried to the fea-fide anil T. zfhed. The carcafe was then laid on clean green kaves, that it might be opened. They firft took out the lard, and laid it on a green leaf, the entrails were then taken out and carried away in a baf- kct ; the blood was put into a large leaf The hog was then waflied quite clean, and feveral hot floncs w ere put into his body ; it was then placed in the oven on his belly, the lard and fat were put in a vcflel, with two or three hot ftoncs, and placed along-fide the hog; the blood was tied up in a leaf, with a hot ftone, and put into the oven ; they covered the whole with leaves, on which were placed the remainder of the hot ftones; they afterwards threw a great deal of rubbifli in, and cmercd the whole with earth. A table was fpread with giccn leaves, while the hog was baking, which took up little more than two hours. Wc fat down at one end of the table, and the natives, who dined with us, at the other; the fat and blood were placed befoi e them, and the hog before us. Wc thought the pork exceeding goixl indeed, and every part of it was well done. The natives chiefly dined of the fat and blood, and faid it wai very good victuals. The w hole of this tookcry vas conducicd with remarkable cle.mlinefs. This cftatf of OeJidee was fmall, but very pleafantj and the houfes formed a pretty village. .After wc had dined, we re- turned to the lliip. In our way we faw tour woovkn images, each two feet long. 'J hey flood on a Ihclf, had a large piece of clotli round the inidJIc, a turban on their heads, fluck with cocks feathers. '1 hey toltl us thefe were their fervants gods. On Tuefday the ^ifl, the people hearing that wc intended fiiiling, brought abundance of fruit on beard, which continuetl on the i H of June. We were inform- ed that two fliips had arrived at I Iiiahcine. The pcr- fon who brought the information defcribed the pcrlbns of Capt. Furneauxand Mr. Banks fo well, that we had no doubt of the truth of the aflcrtion; we therefore thought of fending a boat over there, but a man came on board, and declared the whole to be a l)e. Wc could not confront the fellow who brought the intelli- gence, for he w.xs gone away, and the danger offending the boat was put a Hop to. On Saturday the 4th of June, the chief and his family came on board to take leave, bringing a handfonie pic- fent with them. Thefe people denied that there were any iliips at Iluaheine. Wc were very much importun- ed to return to this place; when we told them we could not, their grief was bitter, and we believed it to be real. They defired Capt. Cook to acquaint them with his burial place, and faiil they would be buried with hiin. A Ikong proof of atfcclion and atta hment. We left Oedidee here, as we could not prouiife di.at more fhips would In lea: from l''ni;land to thofe illands: he let't us with infinite regret. Oedidee did not leave us till we were out of the harbour, and llaid to fire fonic guns, it being his Maielt\'s hirth-dav. This vouth wa-v of a gentle docile, humane difpolition, and would have been a better fpccimen of the inti\es th.'ia Omiah. ►tts iS-.-:£-: CHAP. VI. Depayltiii' qfihe Ri/olulm/roui U/irlri? — IncidnUs ul S,:-,i'^r IjlurJ — hijLwccof ibc ffvoaty of ihcvathrs — Drfiriplka rf ihisijknj — P,i/Jj^f from hence to Ro/tnJam — RtimiykMi' tyniihithuis tit ibis place, abtt.vn<. — A Ihirlinilitrde/iUplian -^^fbara'l.r o/'Pa^ivanff a j^reat chief— A defcription of the ccnitry, iSc. — Departure of/heRifj/iitionf'om the ijland of Tunii/! — '■Ibe natives defcYikd — Arrives at Erromango—Thc zvejicrit coajl of the N1IV H /'rides explored — More iie:v ijlands difemered — Inbuliilants and country about Cape Calnett defcribed — The ijLvid of Pines difcovered, ■v.itban account of thefe a':d other trees. Til V. day after we left Ulictca wc faw land, which proved to be a low illund difcovcred by Capt. Wallis, and called by him Howe Illand. Wc faw land again on the i6th, which wc called Falmernon Illand, in honour of lord Palmevrton, one of the lords of the Admiralty. On the cutli we difcovcrcd land again, and inhabitants appearing upon the fliore ; we equipped two boats, and as we api)roached, the inhabitants re- tired into the woods. vVhen we landed, wc took poll on a high rock, to prevent a furprifc, and the botani- fing party began collecting plants, with which the country fecmed covered. Capt. Cook took two men with him and entered the woods, but on hearing the inhabitants approach they returned. We made every friendly fign in our power, but were anfwercd by menaces ; and one of the natives threw a llone, which ftruck one of our party. I'wo nuifqucts were fired iadifcriminately, and they all retreated into the woods. Having embarked, we proceeded along the coafl till »c came to a place where four canoes lay. In order to prevent being furprifed, and to fecurc a retreat, the men were drawn u[) upon a rock, from whence they had a view of the heights. Capt. Cook and only four gentlemen with him went to look at the canoes. Very loon after the n.itivcs riUhed out of the w ood upon us, and wc endeavoured to no purpofe to bring them to a parly ; they threw their dirts, and appeared very feroci- ous. We difcharged Ibme nuifqucts in the air, but this did not intimidate them, for they Hill threw d.irts and ftones. Capt. Cook's mufquet mifled fire, other- wile he would certainly have killed the ring leader of them. The men drawn wpon the rock fired at fomc who apjieared on the heights, which rather allayed the ardoiuofour antagonifh, and wc had an opportuniiy to join the marines. We do not think any of the na- tives were hurt, but they all retreated into the woods; and feein',' we couUi make nothing of them, ne returned to the diip. Capt. Cook named tliis place Savage Illand, from the condud and afpecl of the illandcrs; its iitu.i- tionis fouth latitude lydeg. 1 min. weft longitude i6() deg. 37 min. its form is circular, and is about 1 1 leagues in circumference. The country ap;\.ar.s enrirely cover- ed with trees and Ihrubs. Nothing but coral rocks were to be feen along the Ibores. I'he inhabitants ilo not appear to be very numerous ; they go entirely naked, except round the waift, and feem ftout well made men. Some of them had their thighs, breali, and faces painted black. We fteered for Rotterdam, and as wc drew near it feveral canoes laden with fruit came along-fide of us, but we did not fliorten fail. 1 he people on bowd them wanted us much to no towards their coall, telling us, as well m '■■'h M H m 164 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. well as they were able, wc might lafcly anchor there. They enquired for Capt. Cook by name. We came to anchor on the north-litlc of the illand on the 26th inftant. The inhabitants brought to U8 great quanti- ties of yams and haddocks, for which wc gave them old rags and nails. A party of us went alhorc to look for water, and were civilly received by the natives. Wc got fomc water, but it was rather brackilli. Wp got a plentiful fupply of fruit and o;\t», as well as water, but happened to leave the furgcon on lliore. He got a canoe to bring him oft"; but juit as he was getting into it, one of the natives fnatched away his mufquct and ran oft' with it, after which no perkin would bring him on board. He certainly would have been ftrippcd, had he not prtfentcd a tooth-pick cafe to them, which they look for a little gun. When Capt. Cook heard of this tranfadion, he went afliorc ; but the natives fled at his approach. Wc did wrong in not taktrtg any fteps for the recovery of the gun, as it encouraged the in- habitants to make more depredations. A Iwat was fentartiore on the 28th for fomc water, when the peo- ple behaved in a rude and daring nvinner : it was with dilliculty they got their water-cafks filled, and into the boats again. The lieutenant who commanded this party hail his gun fnatthcd from him, and moft of the people had fomcihing or other taken away from them. This was the elVccl of ill timed lenity. Capt. Cook landed foon after, and refolved to have the gun vcfturcd. All the marines were ordered aihore armed. As the botanifing party were in the country, three guns were fired from the fliip to alarm them, as wc did not krunv how the natives might behave to them. The natives knew we.l cnougn what we intended, and brought the ;iiufquet long before the marines got afliore. Wluii the lieutenant and the marines arrived, they all Hed; Capt. Cook feized tw o double canws in thccovo, and threw a few fmall (lot into a fellow's legs, who made fomc refillance. We very foon obtained the other luulquet, and then the canoes were reftored. When we returned to the cove, the people wanted to pcrfuadc us that the 111 \n Capt. Cook lired at was dead, which we thought \iry improbable. Capt. Cook dclircd a jiun to rellorc a cooper's ad/c which had been ftolen that morning, and he went away, as we thought, to fetch it; but we were niillaken, for he foon returned with the wounded man ilretchcd out on a board apparently ilcad. 'Ihe furgcon was fent to drefs his wounds, which in his opinion were but flight, and of no confe- qucncc. Capt. Cook flill inliftcd upon the adze, and with a great deal of dilficulty r^btaincd it. An old woman prefented a young girl to Capt. Cook, giving him to undcrftand that Ihe was at his fervicc. The pill was artful enough, and wanted to bargain for a fliirt and afpikc nail, neither of which the captain had with him. He wai then given to undcrftand that he might retire with her upon credit, which he refufed. The old procurefs then abufed him, faying he was infenfiblctohcr charms; the girl was very pretty, and wanted to go aboard a fliip with the captain ; but he would not take her, as he had given orders no women fliould be ad- mitted there. On the 29th w c failed, and a great many canoes came up with us, loaded with fruit, itc. which were exchang- ed t()r the ufual commodities. 'Ihe palTion of our people forcuriofities was as great as ever, and they were llripi'cd of moll of the clothes the ladies ofOtaheite hud kit tluni. Wc ftretchedout for-\inattaf«icnthc30th, and llveral canoes came to us from all parts with the common articles; out of one of them wc got two pigs, which in tliis part of the world arc a fcarcc commodity. On IViJay the fuft of July wc difcovcrcd land, the malU r and the boat were fent into the found to lind aiKhoragc, four or live people were difcovcrcd on the lliore, who retreated as the boat advanced, and they all Hid to the woods when the boat landed. The mafter returned, and brought word there were no foundings without the reef; that he rowed in for the fliorc, intend- ing to fpcak to the (x'ople, who were about twenty in number, armed with clubs and fpcars ; but they all I returned into the woods on his approach. I le left fomc trifles upon the rocks, which they certainly found, ior feveral people were feen at the placf foon afterwards. 'The number of inhabitants oil this ifland are fuppofcd to be very few, and it is very probable that the few who arc there only came to catch turtles, of which there are a great number here. This ifland is liliiated S. latitude 19 dcg. 48 min. W. longitude 178 dcg. 1 min. We calleil it Turtle Ifland. After a gtiod deal of ftornay weather wc fiiw an ifland, called by the natives Ambrym, on the iifl of July. We difcovcrcd a creek as we dri \v hearer the fliorc, which had the appearance of a f<,ood harbour; many people were a'Tcmbled, who invited ui on fliorc, but wc did not chufe to go, as they were armed with bows and arrows. We fent out two armed boats to dif. cover a port about a league more to the fouth, w here wc anchored in eleven fathoms water. Several of the natives came off to us, but aded w ith great caution ; at lart they truflcd thcmfelvcs alongfidc, and exchanged arrows for picccsof cloth. The arrows were pointed with bone, and dipped in a green gummy fubflance, which wc inugined to be jwifonous. Prefcnts were made to two men who ventured on board, and otiiers came at night for the lame purpofe, but they were not ail- mittcd. On the 22nd, in the morning, feveral natives c.inic nmnd us; fomc fwam, and oth * \ ''i i| ,1 ^r). !i 'i 11 .h II' i I'll 'i 11 Jilil, i,.ill, > '1 '11 Hill , y 1 #1. i.J^^''^ ^■:#V^ y-'V ^g .11 : !l!,.|!i ^uJ I •m^ 't V'.f :{'.':'.^^M ■,)■+ i*l? ^W'J". ^1 m ii ft.*VT -♦'• *»^ .«*i* '«^U- ^;r-j.-—.rt^ .»ft «-;'M *:# .^i^'ii ■^/i'd .■V,: ■ :»*•/»• #.. ffeW-;')** ■s^!H 'J-,.J,.^ :sr. 'flV 2?"' , -^i: « ,.h:i,,f]?^''l:|!. I I i i I ^f iijlf ^i h 1 . 1 1 -yiX- I '■ -I f w - '►« if • ^•iwftWMwspjwfr •• ■'^r :i^^ •!««■ t4<- - f J* ■■ ■)'•.. .••.*uie.' ■ .. \-^|' : 'i" ' >0 r.^-^ * » ■5 1^' • . • ■ ■ ■■: '••■ «: - ■•' **!'"'.':'<'...:■•.,, ' '. '^*' ■r; , 1- trtl^ ^-i;. .^■*' ' *' 4 ■.•'K 'If'- ■ M: l^'-yie-fl' ^ I K > i-.i i, >»• 4\ ■ '?r,--M" :l^'i^' K\-. ( .. (V' ' i.' >• ■,-j*. .i*' •^: .; t*i*' '■ 1 ^iy»«gi^i»i^»t**a*w>.,iie<^. ^90- > i nw i > >. k«yhM««4^. .„,^»...*»»**fi.*Mw»*«»*«'******M«*»^-'"'-*»'«*'^*"- «t , rt »..•« »• ; • , . ' ii I r:i\:.i,i. 'Y').'. •■' ■l,v"f ■ , - ;■■■■ ■■.A^Vr" w • *u- •»•'•)*' 1 •-r '-?!■'■*■!' ite; ."^' ;:i''^^'^,'w^ -. 'A ' ^1 ' $1 *«'^ "»*'.''.'. .■••'•'«>*'' X»#M»\; ■TJKs, ^" -^'^ •t''\ ■i-S^" ,,^^?,^.:^ > ■ ♦ \ - ': MW: *-^ ^aiir:,..,' ;:^'^'m is III 1.1 1 J ! I:' i' * ■f-i.-ns*'*.^ . .vAT* . v# i'i m .' ''I M: d: K, pel ml thJ Tl COOK'S SECOND VOY AC;r.— ffir mnking Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the IVorlti. i fi i; •n ixinril : this ue did after \\c had lur down loinc wood, aivd they all retired into tlitlirrnt parts of tht country. In the afternoon wcoUfcrved a man hringin'' alonn the buoy, which hati been t.ikcn from the kedj:;i anchor 1 and when wc fent fomc ol our trcw alliorc for it, he immediately delivered it. This was the only thing they had attcmptcil to take from us. Capt. Cook and Mr. Forller went to examine fomc of their hoiifcs which bore a refcniblancc to thofe on the other illcs They faw a crcat number of fine >.inis, and iVven.l pigs and fowls. They called thi ilkuul Mallicolsv, another near it Apcc, and a third I'aoom. VNV wen in fearch of frclh water, but without fucccfs. The cu- riofity of thefc people was foon (atislied, for none of fhrm came on board the lliip. When thi y faw us un- der fail, they came off to us in a number of canoes, and gave us many proofs of their extreme lionedy, which rather fupprized us, as we had lately bteii among a mod thicvifli race. The people of this ifland are very ii^ly and ill-pro- portioned, dark in their complexion, and of a dimi- nutive fize. Their heads are lonj', their faces Hat, and their features very much refenible thofe of a baboon : their beards arc of a dark colour, ilron^ and bufliy. The men go quite naked, except a w rapper round their waifts. 1 he women we faw were as ugly as the men. Their faces, head?, and Ihouldcis wcie ])aintid red. Some of them had a bag round their ll.oukkrs, in which they carry their children; and they wear a fort of red nciticoat. VVc fiiw but few of them, as they generally kept at a didance when «c wire on (here. I'hey wear bracelets, and ear-rings m;ulc of torto'fc (lull, hogs tufks bent circular round the right wrilV, and rings inadc of fliells. They run a [)iecc of white ftonc, an inch and a half long, through the bridi^e of their nofes, which arc pierced for that purpole. They fprinkle water over their heads, and prefcnt a green branch, as tokens of fricndfhip. Their weapo are bows, arrows, clubs and fpcars. Tf.cy feem unlike all the natives wc have met with, and fjieak quite a dit- fcrent language. Their country \w\\\ be t'ertilc, but the fruits are not rcnwrkably good. We left them a dog and a bitch, they having none on thcidand, and as they fccnied very fond of them, wc doubt not but they will take tare to prcfcrve them. 'I"he harlwur is a verj- good enc, anil we named it Fort Sandwich. Continuing our courfe from hence, on the twenty- fourth of Julv we liifcovcrcd feveral fmall iflands, one of which w jmc very near. It is about 1 1 miles in circumference, and has three high peaked hills upon it. We therefore named it Three Hill ifland. We then palTcd a group of fmall illands, which wc called Shenhcrd's ifies, in honour of Dr. Shepherd of Cam- bridge. We difccrned people in every one of thefe iflands : but there were no foundings near them at one hundred and eighty lathoms. Wc tound the fouthcrn lands to confirt of one large ifland, the extremities of which we could not fee. On the north lidc of this ex- tenfive illand wc faw three or more fmallerones. One of thefc we called Montague, another Hinchinbrook and the largell Sandwich, in honour of the earl of .Sandwich, lirft lord of the Admiralty. .Several people came down as wc paflld Montague ifland, and lecmcd to invite us in a friendly manner on fliorc. We faw fomc likew ifc on Sandwich illand, the furface whereof appeared very delightful, being agreeably divcrfilied with woods and lawns. As we eiould not approach it atthis time, we fleered more to the wefl, as there ap- peared a bay to mn up in that ciuarter, and a good flicltcr from the winds. But as this was not fo much our objC(!t as to difcovcr the fouthcrn extremity of the Archipcligo, we fleered E. S. E. which was the direc- tion of .Sandwich ifland. On the firrt of Augufl, we gained the N. W. fide of the ifland, and faw kvcral inhabitants, who invited us afliorc by various flgiis. Here we fliould have an- chored, but the wind obliged us to alter our dcfign. Bclidea wc wanted to explore the lands to the S. E. therefore ranged along the coalK As we continued our courfe, wc faw a light ahead; and it being aear - No, 19, evening wc did not chufc to proceed any farther, but Hood olV and on alt night. When the [\\n lofc nc.vt ir.orning it difappcarcd, and wc faw not any l.ind but the coalt we were near. On the jd, we fent a boat on n ore to get fome wood if poHiblc, being much in Want of that article ; but our people could not land on ac*- ' ount of a high furf of the fea; and they faw not any natives on that part of the illc. Having an( horcd in feventeen liithoms water, under the N. W. lidc of the licad of the land, wc faw feveral j)cople on the Ihorc, lomc endeavouring to fwim off to us; but they all rc- ired when they perceived our boat approach towards • ■hem. On the 14th, a party went out armed t(i^t;nii a I proper landing place, and where we might gain a U|)ply of wood and water. Wc gave the inhabitants fomc medals, &c. with which they appeared much pleafcd, and direded us to a bay lit for our purpofc. As wc went along the (horc their numbers inciealld prodigioufly. Wc tried feveral places to land, but ilid not approve of their fituation. At length we came to a fine Tandy beach, where Cupt. Cook fleppcdout with- out wetting his foot. He took but one man with him out of the boat, and landed in the face of a large num- ber of people, having only a green branch in his hand. The inhabitants received him with great politencfs. One of them, who appeared to be a chief, made the natives form a femicircle round the head of the boat, and chaflifcd fuch as attempted to prevent it. The captain gave this perfon feveral articles, and by ligns lignificd his want of frclh water; upon which a little was prefently prcfentcil to him in a bamboo, and having made (igns for fomething to cat, they brought hiin yams and cocoa-nuts. Their behaviour was in every rcfpcd agieeable, yet we did not much like their ap- pearance, as they were all armed with bows, arrows, dubs, fpcars, and darts. On this account we kept a good lookout, and watched [)articularly the motioiisof the chief, who wanted us to haul the boat on fliorc. I Ic renewed his figns for this to be ilone, and then held a conference with fomc of the natives. One cir- cumflance ap|)earcd rather fufjiicious, he retlifed fomc fpike nails that we oHercd him. Capt. Cook immedi- ately returned to the boat, upon which they attempted by force to detain us. Very fortunately the gang board ha})pcncd to be laid out for the captain to return into the boat ; this fome of the natives unhooked from the flern as we were putting oH"; they then hooked it to the head of the boat, and attempted to haul her on fl. ore. Some of them were daring enough to take tlieo;irs out of a lew of our peoples hands. They in fome ir.eafurc dclifled, on Capt. Cook's picfenting a imilkel, but went on again in an inflant, fecmingiv^ determined to haul the Iwat on fliorc, and to detain us. The chief was at the head of this parry, and others (liod at a fmall diflancc behind, with flones, darts, and other miHilc weapons, ready to fupport thciii Oi.r own fafcty was now become our only lonfidcration, tor ligns. and threats had not the ett\:i\ wc cxpci!(cd. 'I he captain thcrclbre rcfolvcd to make the chief fuller alo:;c, a victim to his own treachery; but at this critical mo- ment his piece did not go oif. This incrcafed their infolencc, and they began to aflault us with Hones, darts, and arrows. Wc were now ordered to fre. Tic firft difchargc threw them into confufion ; tut tlity were very reludantly driven off the beach by the fe- cond. After this they continued a kind of bufli i'l^ht- ing, by throwing flones from behind tices, and fopic- timcs a dart or two. Four «f them lay toallappeai- ance dead on the fliorc, but t:wo of them afterwards crawled in among the buflics. It was a lonunatc cir- cumftancc for thefc jaflliilants, that more than half our mufcjucts milFcd fire, othcrwifc we fliould have done much more execution among them. One of our crew was wounded in the check w ith a tlart, which en- tered near two inches ; and an arrow Ihuck Mr. Q\\- bert's breall, but it hardly penetrated the Ikiii. Hav- ing returned after this Ikirinifliwas ended on board, the captain ordered the anchor to be weighed, with a view of proceeding with the lliip to the landing-place. Whjle this was doing, feveral of the natives appeared 2 T on \:. # *!k'^ 166 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. re Li on a Jow rocky point., difplaying the two oars which ihey had taken from us in the late fcufflc. Wc thought they were defirous of returning the oaio, and that their manner of behaving might be a token of fubmiflion : ncverthclcfs, that mcy might Underftand the effcd; of our great guns, we fired a four pound fliot at them, which, though it fell fliort, terrified them fa much, that we faw no more of them, and when they went away they left the two oars ftandingup agair"^ the bullies. By this time our anchor was at the bow ,heil a breeze fprung up at N. upon which we fct our fails, and plyed out of the bay, for here we could not fupply our wants w ith convcnicncy, and in cafe a better place could not be found to the S, we had it in our power at any time JO return hither. The natives of this ifland arc of a mid lie lize, regular features, and pr? rty well made. They are of a ditlcrent race from thofc of Mallicolae, as well in their pcrfons, as their fanguage. Their complexions are naturally dark ; yet they paint their faces, fome with black, and others with red pigment. Their hair is curly, but foiiicwhat woolly. The women were not very inviting, being rather ugly. They wear a petticoat made of a- plant like palrn leaves; and the men go in a manner naked, having only a belt and wrapper round their waill. They live in houfcs covered with thatch, and their plantations are laid out by line, and fenced round. We faw no Cannes in any pan of the ifland. On Thurfday the 4th of Auguft, at two o'clock P. M. wc cleared the bay, and fleered for the fouth end of the ifland. We difcovcrcd on the S. W. (idc of the head a pretty deep bav , its fliores bw, and the land appeared very fertile, but bting cnpofcd to the .S. K. winds, until belter known, we think that on the N. W. lide preferable. The promontory or peninfula, which dif- joins thefe two bays we named Traitor's lltad, from the treacherous behaviour of its inhabitants ; it forms the N. E. point of the illand, and is fuuated in the l.iti- tude of iS dog. 4j niin. S. and in 169 dcg. 28 luin. K. longitude. It ttrniinatc.s in a fuddle hill, which may \c ftin 16 or iS leagues oil' at fea. We continued our tourfc to the S. S. K. when the new illand we hail be- fore difcovcrcd, appeared over the S. E. [joint of one near us, dillant about 10 leagues. Leaving the kill, wc fieercd for the call cndof the former, being directed bv a great light we faw upon it. On the 5th, at fun rife we came insight of an illand, being high table land, be.Ting E. by S. .xnd alfo difcovcrcd another little low iflc which we ha\l paffed in the night. Traitor's Head was llill in fight, and the illand to the S. extended from S. 7 dcg. W. to .S. 87 deg. W. diftant four miles. The light feen in the night v*e now found to have been a volcano. A rumbling noifc wivs hauni, aiul it threw up great quantities of fmoke and fire. We now fleered for the ifland ; and difcivered a fmall inlet which had the appearance of'a good harbour. Two armed boats, under the command of Lieut. Cooper, wcrcfent ofi' in order to found, while the fliip Hood on and off, to be ready to follow or to afford any affillance that might be required. Wc obferved a number of the natives on the tail point of the entrance, alfofeveral canoes; and when our boats entered the harbour they launched fomc, but came not near. At this time Lieut. Cooper made the iignal for anchorage, and we flood in w ith the fliip. The wind having left us when we were within the entrance, we were obliged to drop anchor, in four fathoms watc.-. The boats were now fent out to find a better anchorage ; and while we were thus employed, many of the natives came in panics to the fea-fidcall armed, fome fw am elf to us, others came in canoes. At (irft they fiemed afraid of us, aiul kept at a diftance, but by degrees waxed bcildcr, aiid at length came under our flern, and made fonic exchanges. Thofe in one of the firfl canoes threw towards us fomc cocoa nuts. The captain went out in a boar, picked them up, and in return gave them feveral articles. Others were induced by this to come along-fidc, svho behaved in a moll infolcnt manner. They attempted to tear our flag from the ftatt, would have knocked the rings frori the rudder, and we had no fooner thrown out the buoys of the anchor from the m n boats than they got hold of them. We fired a few mufqucts in the air, of which they took no notice, but a fo.ir pounder alarmed them fo much, that they quitted their canoes, and took toi the water. But finding them, felves unhurt, they got again Into their canoes, Hourifli- cd their weapons, hallewcd in defiance, and went again to the buoys, but a few mufquetoon lliot foon dif- perfed them. They all retired in hafle to the fliore, and wc fat down to dinner, unmolcfled. In the inter- val of thofc tranfanut9y but could not prevail on them to p--:. with their wea- pons, which they held condantly in a poflure of de- fence. The old man was in- one of thefc parties, but by his behaviour, we judged his temper to be pacific. Wc thought, by their prelTiiig fo much, in fpite ofali our endeavours to keep them at a diflance, that little would be wanting to induce them to attack' us; but we re-cmbarked very foon, and thus, probably, their fthcme was difconcerted. .Satuida) the 6th, we brought the (hip as near the Lmding phice as pollible, that wc might overawe the natives, and cover the party on fliore, who were to get a fiipply of wood and water, which wc much wanted* While we were upon this bufinefs, we obferved the na- tives alTembling from all parts, nil armed, to the amount of fimie thouf.inds, who foni cd thcnifelvcs into two divilions, as they did the preceding evening, on each fide the landing place. At intervals a canoe came off, at times conducted by one, two or three mern bringing us cocoa-nuts, &c. for which they did not require any thing in return, though wc took care they fliould always have fomcthing: but their principal intention feemetl to be, to invite us afliore. *l'he old man before men- tioned, came olf to us feveral rimes, and the captain with a view of making him underfland,that he wanted to ellablifli a friendly intercoiirfc, t(X)k his weapons that w ere in the canoe, and threw them overboard, alW matlc him a piefcnt of a piece of cloth. Heunder- fl(X)d the meaning of this, for we faw him frequently in converfation with his countrymen, to whom he made our requefl known, going lirfl to one party, 'then to another, nor did we afterwafds lee him with his weapons, cu" in a warlike manner. Soon after a canoe, in which were three men, came under our flern, one of whom behaved very outragcbully, biandilhiaghi'; club, and flriklng with it the Ihip'j lide; at laft he oftcred to exchange his wejpon for a llriiig of beads, and other triiies; thefe we fent down to him by a line, of which he had iMJ fooner got polFellion, than he made ofl^, with- out delivering nis club. We were not lorry for this, as it artbrded us an opportunity of flicwing die people on Ihorc the ellect of our lire arms. VVe therefore without hefitation, complimcnte.l this fellow w ith the contents of a fowling piece, loaded with fiiiall fliot, and when the others were out of the reach of muf()UCQ, Ihot, we fired fome mufquetoons, or wall pieces at- them, which niade them take to the water. BUt all this feemcd to make very little imprellion on the peo- ple alliore, who began to hallow, and fccmingly made a joke of it. Maving moored the fliip, with her broad- fide to the landing place, and fcarcely mufquct fliot off, we planted our artillery in fuch a manner as to com- mand the whdc harbour, and then embarked with a . pany of feamen, fupportcd by the marines, and rowed to the landing place, where wc have before obferved the natives were dnuvn up in twodivifions. The in- tenuediatc fpacc between them was about 40 yards, in ., . which IT , ^ ,:. ■■ 'V^ «a fi "m*. ^^ '-*1-^ I :il I !J!> *^iV\\'i>t "^S. '>^ ^y,«.j^«. ■^'S"*. .rillll ^^ ■■:%% 3^ i I! I ii J: 1 i tl wVt ,,.i«^i^li "^^^^ ^. 'I .. ' >■'.' ■ ■:\ ' •*»^-, ,''*«*!■;; -^1;" :^' u,k -J-^' ii iif »>*r-^f* ••^* i)^^' i^ 'j-iA'*^^!:. >iw- n ''0* ■f^Si! m ,*>■■ «,' '1 i.Mr ^' u '■'■0 n:3 -U-'.H f.i' 5 _ ^Ji ... J^ :^ii ■'•!'• iiff^ .(c' ■ ^, .iwi- #1 '■^-: 'i>H' '>^i^'tY ,M' •»it #■• '■H>:» « •=■ I ' '■■■A' »v.-^ 4 ...:>'. i .11. .» *»■ i P' t!^. •H' :i^*lf- i.«. 'I ■ ■ J '. '•>>'■ I; i l-i--!:' ■ s.^ ?>*• ^^J^' ■^ ^.> ^' ^• -S ». •>* >• i* . . ■,''i.*' ■ '»i >i ■fi ■^ ]S .>'A' ' # :)■ l^:te,'V#y''^-^'^ •viC'vilf i » r ',4j' : % i^¥- '»< *} ■'.'.'f" «■ >v .^S^ Vi- I' '^' Ji/ <> . J'x ■-»•% *'>fU ,*i» i^. ^}t f^^ M.'k m ca^mni \ u *■ '-•♦l :)f 1:, = ••,v ■• ?H.,'.. ■m .... ■>',ll , ■ , ■■ '\ i- • 1 ' ■■V; ■■ :.-i ;,-■ ** iplp i b #■;' :.V. h: U, S.*^^ ['" I % (Ik.. COOK*s SECON D VOYAGE— for making Difcovcria in the South Seas & Round the World. 1 67 \| which were laid a few plantains, two or three roots, and a yam. Between thefe and the water, four finall reeds were ftuck upright in the fand, in a Hrie at right angles to the Ihore, for whatpurpofe we could not learn. They remained here for fomc days. By thefe the old man ftood, and two companions, who by various ligns invited us to land, but we thought thefe A. decoy, and looked fomething like the trap we had like to have been caught in at the lad ifland. We made figns for the divifions to retire back, but to thefe they paid not the lead regard, their number every moment was aug- mented, and, except two or three old men, not one un- armed. From all thefe circumftances we concluded they meant to attack us as foon as we landed; but this we wifhed to avoid, as many of them muft have been killed or wounde two ; perhaps this might be done with the view of making the prefent appear the greater; for one h.id a bunch of plantains, another a yam, a third a cocoa nut, &c. The captain paid thefe porters, though the prefent was in return for one he had made in tfic morning. Wha-a-gou ami his friends were ftill for detaining us, and feen-.ed to wait with impatience for fomething to give ..1 in return for the dogs, but night approaching, we dclired to ilepart ; and they comjilied with our (olicitations. Wc now learnt, by means of Mr. I'^orfTer's cmiuirie^, that the proper name of this illand is Tanna. The natives alfo told us the names of other neighbouring illes. 'I'hat we touched at lalt is cilled I'.rromango ; the fnuill one which we faw the morning wc landed here, limner; the table illand to the call, diicovered at the llime time, Krronan, or I'ootixina ; and one that lies to the S. K. Annattoin ; all which illands are to be 'iccn from Tanna. It is a little re- markable, that the natives of this illaml were more ferupulous in taking any thing from the failors, than thofe of any other nation, and never would touch with their bare hands what was given them, but always re- ceived it between green leaves, whiih they afterwards tied up and carried upon theemls of their clubs; and if any of our feamen touched their Ikin, they always rubbed thi- part with a green leaf. When thefe peo- ple make a wonder at any thing, they cry Hebow, and fhakc their right-hands. They wear bracelets, like as the Indians of Venemous Bay, in which they ftick their hair pricker, and likewife their flings, with which they throw their j.ivelins: :md it is allonilhing with what dexterity and force fimie of them will hit a mark. One of them, in theprefeiue of the firl> lieutenant, fliot a filli as it fwiim along in the fea, at the diftancc of 26 ' yards with a bow and arrow, which lilli the lieutenant carried oil Iward with the arrow fUcking in his body, A} «k i68 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. us a proof of what he had fccn performed. But not- withltanding their delicacy and fkill as maikfmen, they pave us tounderftand that they eat one another; and one day when the inhabitants about the bay had marched forth armed, on an expedition, to a diftant part of the ifland, thofe that remained invited us to lealt upon a man whom they had barbiqucd, which invitation our gentlemen refufed with the utmoft dif- guft. It has been faid, that no nation could be can- nibals, had they other flefh befidcs human to eat, or did not want food ; but we cannot afcribe the favagc cuftom of thefc people to neccflity, fince the ifland abounds with plenty of hogs, fowls, vegetables, and fruit. While fome of our people wl;>. ^.nployed in fcarching for ballaft, they difcovercd water irfuing from the crevices of a rock, hot enough to draw tea; which cir- cumftance led to the difcovery of fome hot fprings, iit the foot of the clift", below high-water mark. In one place the waters were fo hot, that there was no bearing the finger in them: in another they were juft hot enough to bear to plunge the whole body, but not re- main long therein. Two of the fliip's company, who had been troubled with rheumatic complaints, at times, throughout the voyage, went accompanied with the furgcon, to one of thefc fprings, but found the ftones fo hot that they could not Hand upon them, without firft plunging in feme of their cold garments, to keep the foles of their feet from touching them j but the effcit of thefc waters was found to be only a temporary re- lief. On Wednefday the loth, Mr. Wales, accompanied by fome of the officers, proceeded for the firii time into the country, and met with (.ivil treatment from the natives. They faw in the courfe of this and another cxcuriion, feveral fine plantations of plantains, fugar- cancs, Sec. and by thiii time, the natives inourneigh- bourhood, appeared fo well reconciled to us, that they cxprefTcd no marks of difpkafurc at our rambling fliooting parties. But after we had been feveral days taking in wood and water, they began again to be troublefome, watching every opportunity to level their arrows at the guard, anJ fecmed to be rcftrained only -by the fear of their mufquets from proceeding to ex- tremity. It is more than probable, however, that an ad of violence on the part of our men, might, by a wanton ufe of their fire-arms, have caufed their refent- ment ; for in the afternoon of this day, a few boys, having thrown two or three Rones at the wood-cutters, they were fired at by the petty oflicers prefent on duty. Having occalion for fome large timber to repair the decays of the fhip, orders hadueen given a few days before, to cut down a tree of vaft growth; and for the convenience of getting it aboard, to fa\\ it into three pieces. This tree fo divided, the natives eyed with pleafure, not fufpeding our men intended to carry it otf, but to leave it in compliment to them, as it fuited cxaiitiv their ideas of conurudlingjufV double the num- ber of" canoes. To the cutting down and fawuig the ticcs the natives made no oppofition; but when they faw the Jailors employed in rolling down the body of the tree to the water's edge, they could not help kx)k- ingfurly; and one of them, probably more intcrefted than the relt, was frequently feen to oft'er his (pear at the labourers, but was reftrained for fear of the puard : at length he watched his opportunity, and, iVarting Iroin behind a bulh, was levelling an arrow at the commanding officer, vhen he vasdilcovered, and (liot dead. The ball tore his arm to pieces, and en- tered his lide. His companions inilantly carried off the body, and laid it in the ww il, where the fliip's fur- gcon went to examine it, but bund the man totally deprived of life. Capt. Coo . was much difpleafed w ith the condud of thefe offic< s, and took meafurcs to prevent a wanton ufe of fire- ms for the future. The fhip's company were now pe nitted to go aftiore only by turns, tor the prefcrvati' ii of their health; and the captain knowing the nati\ s wanted nothing fo much ^ as an opportunity to revenge the death of their com- panions, llridly enjoined them never to walk alone; ■or to ftray more than loo yards from the guard. On Thurfdny the nth, during the night, the vol- cano was very troublefome, and threw out great (juan. titles of fire and fmokc, with a mod tremendous noifo. and fometimcs we faw great flones thrown into the air. In feveral parts of the harbour, places were found from whence a fulphurous fmell ilTued, and the ground about thefe was \cry hot. Mr. Forfter and his bo- tanizing party, on one fide of the harbour, fell in with our friend Paowang's houfc. Moll of the articles he had received from us were feen hanging about the bu flies and trees near his dwelling. On the 12th, the volcano was more furious than ever, and we were much molefled with the aflies. Some of our gentle- men attempted to afcend a hill at fome diflance, with an intent of obferving the volcano more diflindly ; but they were obliged to retreat precipitately, the ground under them bemg fo hot, that they might as well have walked over an oven: thefmcll too of the air was in. tolerably fulphurous, which was occafioned by a fmokc that ifllied from the filFures of the earth; yet in this fmoke the natives feek a remedy for cutaneous dif. orders. Mr. Forfter obeferving a man holding a child over the fmoke, had the curiofity to enquire the reafon, who made him underftand, by fliewing the child's eruptions, that it was troubled with the itch. The rain that fell this day was a mixture of water, fand, and earth; fo that we had, properly fpcaking, (liowers of mire. The natives pretended to be unwilling, that \vc fliould this day go far up the country by ourfelves, and offered their forvices to condud us to the mouth of the volcano. We readily accepted their otVer, but infti.id of fliewing us the way to the place, we found our- felves near the harbour before we difcovered the trick. On Saturday the 13th, Paowang came on board to dine with us. We took this opportunity of fluwing him every part of the Ihip, and a variety of trading articles, hoping he might fee fomething that he liked, and fo a traffic be carried on with the natives for re. frefhments, of which what we had hitherto obtained were very trifling. But Paowang beheld every thing with the greateft inditlerence, except a wooden fand. box, of which he took fome notice. On the 14th, ?> party of us endeavoured to get a nearer view of the volcana, and took our rout by the way of one o4" tlufe hot places already mentioned. In the way we dug a hole, into which was put a thermometer of Fahrenheit's confiruiition. The mercury rofe to 100 degrees; but the inftrument remained in the hole ne-ir three mi- nutes without its riling or falling. At this place the earth was a kind of white clay, and had a fulphurous fmellr It was foft and moifl under the furface, over which was a thin dry cruft, having upon it fome iuU phur, and a vitriolic fubftance, tafling like alum, 'llio place atlcded moft by the heat, and where we made the experiment, was not above eight or ten yards fquarc. Near this was a fig-tree which fct'ined to like its lituation. We proceeded up the hill through a country entirely covered with plants, llinibs, and ta'is, infomuth that the bread-fruit, and cocoa-nut trees, were in a manner choaked up. Here and there we met with a few people, a houfe or two and fome plan- tations in dirterent Ihtes ; one appearing of'long IITIikI- ingi another lately cleared ; and feveral jufV nady tor planting. The clearing a piece of ground nuifl he a work of much time and labour, feeing their working tools, though the fame as thofe ufed in the Society Ifles, are inferior to them ; nevcrthelefs their method is judicious, and as expeditious as well can be. They dig under the roots of the large trees, and there burn the branches, plants, and fmail fhrubs. In fome parts, the foil is a rich black mould ; in others a kind of com- port formed of decayed vegetables and the afhes of the volcano. We now came to a plantation where we law a man at work, who offered to be our guide. Wc had not walked far before we came to the juntHon of two roadi, in one of which flood a man with a fling and ftonc, which he v.cuM not lay down till a mul'quet wai pointed at him ; he feemeil, iiowever, determined to difpute the i oad with us, and partly gained his point, bit L_ cook's second VOYAGE— for making Diltoveries in the Soutl> Seas Sc Round tlic IVorhl. 1 69 for our guide led us anotiier way. The other man fol- lowed, hallooing, as we fuppofcd, for a reinforcement, and, indeed, we were prefcntly joined by others of the natives, among whom w" - young woman with a club in her hand. Thefc peo^.t conducted us to the brow of a hill, and pointed to a road leading down to the harbjur. But-not choofing to take this, \vc returned to that we had left, and here our guide rcfufed to go any farther with us. Having afcended another ridge, we faw other hills between us and the volcano, which fccnied as far off as at our firlt fetting out. Wc there- fore refolvcd to return, and juft as we were about fo doing, we were met by 20 or 30 people, alFembled as we diought to oppofe our advancing into the country, for when they faw us returning, they fiilfcrcd us to go on unmolcfted, and by the way regaled us with a variety of fruits. What we did not cat on the fpot, they brought down the hill with us. Thus we found thtle people courteous and hofpitabic, when not prompted to a contrary conduit by jcaloufy ; for which they were not to blame, if wcconlidcr their rude rtatc, and ig- norance of our real defign. Thiu indeed was to pay them a friendly vilit, but confidering all the circuni- ftanccs attending this, might they not reafonably fup- pofc, notwithllanding fair appearances, that wc came to invade their country? Did wc not enter their ports, without their daring to oppofe? Did we not effeiita landing by the fuperiority of our arms? Would they not therefore be jealous of fuch intruding ftrangers? When we endeavoured to advance into their country, they might naturally tbrin unfavourable notions of us ; efpecially if wc confider how often they arc at war both among themfelves and with their neighbours. We muft here obfcrve,that fome of our gentlemen were of opinion, that thele people were addidted to an uu- natuial palTion, Mr. I'orlter's man, who carried his plant bag, having been once or twice attempted : but as the carrying of bundles is the olliceof the women of this ( ountry, others thought, the natives might mif- take him for a woman. This man was to-day one of our prtrty, and as he followed the captain down the hill, having hisbag as ufual, we plainly underftood by the lonverfation and adions of the natives, that they confidered him as a female j and when, by fome means they difcovered their millake, they exclaimed, with ninth furpri'/.e, Krramange ! Lirramaiige ! It is a man! It is a man ! Every one now pcrceivetl, and was wtiW alfurcd, they had before miilaken his fex ; and hence it is plain, how liable we arc to form falfe con- jectures and opinions of a people, with whofe language we are not much acquainted : for had we not now been undeceived, it is not to be doubted, but that thtfe people would have been charged with the mlious practice of which they had through ignorance been fuf- pccted. In the evening, a party of us again walked into the country on the other fide of the harbour, where we met from the natives, among whom was Paowang, fricniUy treatment. They difcovered a rcadinefs to oblige us in every thing in their power. We entered the vilLnge we had vifited on the 9th inlfant, containing about 20 houfes, built like the roof of our thatched dwellings in England, with the walls taken away, and open at both ends j but others are partly doled with reeds, and all were covered with palm thatch. Some are 40 feet long, and 16 in breadth, liclides thefe, we f.iw other mean hovels. One of thefe was feparated from the others by a reed fence, and wc underllood a corpfe was depolited therein. At one end of the hut hung a bafket, with a piece of roafkd yam, and ibme leaves quite frefh. Wc had a rtrong inclination to fee the inlide, but the man peremptorily refufed our rcqueft. He would neither remove the mats with which one end of the hut was clofed up, nor fulTcr us to do it; and fhcwed an unwillingnefs to permit 'is to look into the bafket. He had two or three locks of humai) hair tied by a firing round his neck, and a wonnan prefent had fevcral alwut her neck. We would have purchafed them, but they gave us to undcrfland by figns, that they were a part of the hair of the dc- No. 20. ceafcd, and on that account they could not part with them. This cuflom is (imilar to that among the na- tives of Otahcite and New Zealand, the former mike Tamau of the hair of their departed friends, and the latter car-rings and necklaces of their teeth. Not far from molt of the large houfes, the ftcms of four cocoa-nut trees were fixed upright in the ground, in a fquare, about three feet from each other, for the pur- pofe of hanging cocoa-nuts to dry. Near molt ofthein IS alfo a large tree or two, whofe branches ail'ord an agreeable retreat from the heat of the fcorching fun. This part of the ifland is well cultivated, aljounding with plantains, roots, and fruit trees. One of our peo- ple weighed a yam which exceeded 55 pounds. Tlie trees too are of an extraordinary fize: but a wide circle in the interior part of the illantl, difcovered nothing to the eye but a dreary wafte, covered w ith cindors, and tainting the air with fulphur. Other furroundin;^ illands looked pleafant to the eye ; but according to the report of the natives of Tanna, abounded in nothing of- which they themfelves could want. On Monday the 15th, preparations were continued on board to fet fail, the fliip was fmoakcd above and below: the hold frcltt ftowed ; the ballalt lliifted ; the wooding and watering were tinirtied ; the rigging fetting up ; and a few hands only were on fliore making brooms ; in (hort every thing was placed in fuch order, a; if the iliip had been but juft littcd out at home for a long voyage. One of the botanical party this day ihot a pigeon, in the craw of which was a wild nutmeg. Mr. I'orfler endeavoured, without liiccefs, to find llie trie. During their cxcurlion. they olifcrvcd in moA of the fogar plantations deep holes dug, four feet deep, and five in diameter, which, on enquiry, we found were defigned as traps to catch rats in. Thel'e animals, fo deitrudtivc to fugar-canes, arc here in great plenty. Round the edge of thefe pits, as a decoy, and that the rats may be more liable to tundile in, the canes are planted as thick as poUible. On the 1 6th, we found our tiller very much damaged, and by negledt, wc haj not a fpare one aboard. We knew of but one tree in the neighbourhood that would do for our purpofe. The carpenter was fent afhore to examine it, and upoij his rejwrta party of men were diredted to cut it down» after the confent of the natives had been obtained. They did not make the leaft objection, and our men went inltantly to work. Much time was necelTary to cut irdown, as the tree was large ; and before they had finilhed their work, word was brought to the captain, that our friend Paowang was not pleafed. Paowang was fent for, and our neceflity explained to him. We then made him a prefent of a piece of cloth and a dog, which readily obtained his confent, and the voices of thofe who were w ith him in our favour, f av- ing thus obtained our point, we conducted our friend on board to dinner ; after which we went w ith him afhore to pay a vifit to an old chief, who was faid to be the king of the ifland ; though as Paowang took little notice of him, wc doubted the fact. His name was Geogy. He had a chea'fid open countenance, though he was old, and wore round his waift a broad red and white checquered belt. His fon was with him, who could not be lefs than 50 years old. At this time a great concourfe of people from dilfant parts were af- f«i]rtbled near the watering place. The behaviour of many was friendly; of others daring and infolent; which we did not think prudent to relent, as our flay was nearly at an end. On Wednefday, the 17th, Old Gtogy, and his .fon, with feveral of his friends, dined with us on board the (hip, every part of which they viewed witli un- common attention and furprize. i' hey made a hearty dinner on a pudding made of plantains and greens ; but would hardly tafle our fait beef and pork. In the afternoon they were condudted afhore by die captain, after he had prcfentcd them with a hatchet, fome me- dals, and a fpike nail. On the i8th, the captain and Mr. Forfler tried, with Fahrenheit's thermometer, when the tide was out, the head of one of the hot fprings ; and where the water bubbled out of the land a U frcm. 170 Capt. C O O K u VOYAGES C O M P L E T K. %>.. from under the rock, at the S. W. corner of the har- bour, the mercury rofe to 202 deg. It is an opinion with philofophers. that volcanos muft be on the fum- mits of the highed hills ; yet, this volcano is not on the highcd part of the ridge, but on the S. E. iide of it ; and feme of the hills on this ifland are more than dou- ble the height of that on which the volcano is, and dofe to it. Nor is it iefs remarkable, that in wet or moid weather, the volcano is more violent in its erup- tions. We mud here content ourfeives with dating faifls: the philofophical reafoning on thefe phaenor tncna, we leave to men of more abilities, whofe talents may lay in this line. On Friday the 1 9th, we pre- pared for failing, as the tiller was finiflied; but the wind being unfavourable, the guard and a party of men were lent afhore, to bring off the remainder of the tree from which we had cut the tiller. The cap- tain went with them, and found a good number of the natives colleded together near the landing-place, among whom various articles were diftributed. At the time our people were getting fomc large logs into the boat, the centry prefented his piece at one o( the natives, and, without the lead apparent caufe fired at, and killed him. A few of the natives had jud before ad- vanced within the limits, to fee what wc were about, but upon being ordered back, they readily obeyed. The fellow of a centry pretended, that a man had laid his arrow acrofs his bow, fo that he apprehended him- fclf in danger ; but this had been frequently done, out of a bravado, to (hew they were anned, and prepared equally with ourfeives. Capt. Cook was highly exaf- pcratcd at this rafcal's rafli condud ; and mod of the people fled with the utmod precipitation. As they ran off, we obferved one man to fall ; and the captain went with the furgcon, who was fcnt for to the man, whom they found expiring. His left arm was much fliattcrcd, and from hence the ball had entered his body by the diort ribs, one of which was broken. What rendered this incident the more afiedling was, that the man who bent the bow was not fliot, but one who dood by him. The natives were thrown into fuch conder- nation, that they brought abundance of fruit, which they laid down at our feet. They all retired when we returned aboard to dinner, and only a few appeared in the afternoon, among whom were Paowang, and VVha-a-gou. On Saturday, the 20th, the wind was favourable for getting out of the harbour i for during the night it had veered round to the S. E. At four o'clock A. M. wc therefore began to unmoor, and, having weighed our anchor, put to fea. As wc failed we heard a noife, not unlike plalm finging. It was now too late to en- quin 'nio the caule; probably the natives were per- forming fome i-eligious acts. Wc thought that the ead point of the harbour was facred to relieion, for fome of our people had attempted to go to this point, and w ere prevented by the natives. They were always jea- lous of our proceeding into the country beyond certain limits: they might be apprehenfive of an invafion, and that ve meint to take their country from them. All we can fay is, that no part of our condudl juftified fuch a conclufion. We never gave them the lead mo- iedation i nor did wc touch any part of their property, not even their wood and water, without having fird ob- tained their confent. Even the cocoa-nuts hanging over the heads of the workmen, were as fafe as thofe in the middle of the ifland. We caught a large quan- tity of fidi, and were tolerably well (upplied by the na- tives with fruit and roots ; and dioufd certainly have obtained more refreftiments, had we had any thing on board that fuited their tade. Our cloth was of no ufc to thofe who go naked, and they had not any know- ledge of the utility of iron. Though the people of this ifland, after feeling the effedls of the European fire arm*, were peaceable, they were not in general friendly ; nor were they like the Indians in the Society Ifles, fond of iron : they wifhed for fome of the tools with which they faw our feamen cut down wood ; but, except an adze or two, they never attempted to deal any thing. The coopers left their caflis during the night un- guarded ; nor were they under any apprehcnfioas about their cloaths, which they fulfercd to lie carelefly here and there while they were at work. Thefc pcopit ilif. covered none of that difpotition to thievery which it has been faid every Indian inherits naturally. In their courfe of trade, they totally difrcgarded beads aiul baubles, and feemed to prefer Rotterdam fifli hooks, and turtle-flicll, to every thing elfe that was ofHred them. They would not permit the failors to have any communication with their wives ; nor were they eafily perfuaded to part with their arms on any account. I'he produce of the ifland they freely parted with, not re- quiring any thing in return ; but on whatever was bc- ftowed labour in the condrudion, they fet a iiigh value. This ifland of Tanna produces abundance of plan- tains, cocoa-nuts, bread firuit, yams, akindofpotatoc, a fruit like a nectarine, wild figs, fugar-canc, and a fruit not unlike an orange, but wnich is never eaten. The bread fruit, cocoa-nuts, and plantains, are neither fo plentiful, nor fo good, as at Otaheite; but fugar- canes and yams are of fuperior quality, and much larger. We faw here a few fowls, and a great number of nogs, but the latter did not fall to our lot; and wc did not fee in all our excurfions any other donu flic animals. We met with fome fmall birds, with a mud beautiful plumage, which we had never fecn before. Our botanifh found many curious plants and trees ; as great a variety as at any ifland we had vifiied. The in- habitants appear to fubfid chiefly on the produdfions of the land, and are not much indebted to the fca, though there are plenty of fifli on the coad. Wc never found any filhing tackle among them, nor faw any one out a fifliing, except on the (boaU, or along the lliorcs of the harlx>ur, where they would drike with a dart fuch filh as came within their reach, and in tiiia art they were very expert. They were furprizcd at our method of catching fifli with the feine, and, wc be- lieve were not well pleafcd with our fuccefi. 1 he fmall ifle of Immer was chiefly inhabited by flfhenncn, and the canoes we faw pafs to and from the ifle, and the ead point of the harbour, we obferved «ere fifliing ca- noes. Thefc were of unequal fizes, and compofcd of feveral pieces of wood clumfily fewed together. The joints arc covered on the outftde by a thin batten charn. pcred oft' at the edges, over which the bandages pafs. The fail is latteen, extended to a yard and btxim, and hoidcd to a fhort mad. 5iome of the large canoes have two fails, and all of them out-riggers. They arc navi- gated cither by paddles or fails. Thefe people have litte refemblance or affinity to thofe of the Friendly Iflands, and thofe of MallicoUo, except in their hair, which is much like what the people of the latter ifland have- The colours are black and brow n, growing to a tolerable length and curly. They parr It intolmall locks, which they cue round with the rind of a flender plant, down to about an inch of the ends. Each of thefe locks is fumewhat thicker than the com- mon whip-cord -, and they appear like a parcel of fmall drings hanging down from the crowns of their heads. Their bcanls are generally (hort, drong and bufliy. The women wear their hair cropped, as do the boys, till they approach manhood. Wctook fome pains todifcover how far their geogra- phical knowledge extended, and found it not to ex- ceed the limits of their horizon. To Erronan we may afcribc one of the two languages they fpcak, which is nearly, if not exactly, the fame as that f^ioke at the Friendly Iflands. It is thereforefore probable, that by a long intercourfe with Tanna, and the other neigh- bouring iflands, each hath learnt the others language, which they fpeak indifcriminatcly. The other language which the people of Tanna, Erromango, and Annatoni fpcak, is praperly their own. It is dirtcrent from any we had before met with, and bears no affinity to that of MallicoUo; from whence wc conclude, tha: the nati' of thefe iflands are a didindl nation of themfelves. MallicoUo, Apee, &c. were names unknown to them ; they even linew nothirig of Sandwich Ifland, which is much the nearer. Tncfc people arc rather flender madcj ^ W' '.. t 'H#'i; *n^*' '*V" .^'> ■^!^«.- ■*)• ..^? n*«' •I* '-'^A M---: 1^1 ■ ^>«k«*i*' - ' *v >'v.-. r?# ^ # ;* lio' •t^' .-.• C^ 'W •■-isw*"" 1. -Ji^ ' " ■'■' ■'■■■ .;v._- 1 i i ^H^l "^'=i^5!P^a 11 'i'W' --•> '#■. ■y '/ll ll If I iVl . iiin /7m ' / - - 1 Jm :::;-~.,X "S; i.... ■ ^ COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— [or mukingDi/tovenes in the South Seas & Round the //V/,/. 171 made, and of the middle fizc. They have agreeable countenances, good features, and arc very adtivc and nimble, like the other tropical inhabitants. The fe- males are put to all laborious works; and the men walk unconcerned by their fide, when they are loaded with heavy burdens, bcfidcs a child at the back. Perhaps the men think, that their carrying their arms, and defending them, is fufficicnt. We often faw large parties of women carrying various kinds of articles, and a party of men armed with clubs and fpcars to defend them, though now and then we have fecn a man carry a burden at the fame time, but not often. The women of Tanna are not very beautiful, yet they are certainly handfome enough for the men, who put them to all kinds of drudgery. Though both men and women arc dark coloured, they arc not black, nor do they bear any rcfemblancc to negroes. They make themfelves blacker than they really are, by painting their faces of the colour of black-lead. They ufe alfo a fort of pig- ment which is red, and a third fort brown, all thclc, cfpccially the firft, they lay on with a liberal hand, not only on the face, but on the neck, ihoulders, and breaft. The women wear a petticoat made of leaves, and the men nothing but a belt and wrapper. Bracelets, car- rings, and amulets, are indifcriminately worn by both fexes. The amulets arc made of the green (lone of Zealand; the bracelets of fea-fliells or cocoa-nut ; and the necklaces, chiefly worn by the women, moftly of fea-fhclls. The valuable car-rings are made of tor- toifelhell. Some of our people having got foine at the Friendly Iflands, brought it to a good market here, where it was more cftcemed than any thing we olFercd to fale. Hence we concluded thtfc people caught but few turtle, though one was fecn jull as wc got under fiil. Towards the time of our ilcparture, the natives began to enquire after hatchets and large nails ; liom which we concluded, that they had found iron to be of more value and ufe than Hone, (liells, or bones, of Mhich their tools are made. 1 heir (lone hat( luts arc not fliaped like an adze, as in the other iflands, but more like an ax; and in the helve, which is pretty thick, is made a hole, into which the Hone is tixcd. If wc except the cultivation of the ground, thefc peo- ple have few arts worth mentioning. They make a coirfe kind of matting, and cloth of the bark of a tree, ulid chiefly for belts. The workmanlhip of their canoes is very dumfy ; and their arms come far fliort of others we had feen. Their weapons are bows, ar- rows, (K)nes, clubs, fpears, and darts. On the laft they place moll dependence, and thcfe are pointed with three bearded edges. In throwing them, they make ufe of a bctkot, that is a piece of ft ifl' plaited cord about fix im lies long, with an eye at one end, and a knot at the other. Tlic eye is fixed on the fore linger of the right-hand, and the other end is hitched round the dart, where it is nearly on an cquipoife. They hold the dart between the thumb and remaining fingers, which ferve only to give it diredlion, the velocity being communicated by the becket and lore finger. The l()riiicr flies off from the dart the inflant its velocity be- comes greater than that of the hand, but it remains on the finger ready to be uled again. They kill both birds and filh with darts, and are pretty certain of hitting the mark, within the compals of a crown of a hat, fuppofe the object to bedirtaiu eight or ten yards ; but if twice that diftancc, it is chance if they hit a niaik the li/.eof a man's body, though they will throw the weapon 60 or 70 yards; for they always throw with all their might, let the diilancc be what it may. Their arrows arc made of" reeds pointed with hanl wood. Some are bearded ; fomc not ; and thofe for fhooting birds have two, three, and fiiur points. The Hones in general, are branches of'ioral rocks, from eight to four- teen inches long, and from an inch to an inch and a half diameter. I'hefe are generally kept in their belts. Every one carries a club, ami bclides that, either darts, or a bow and arrows, but never both. Oiie of our gen- tlemen on board, made the following remark on the arms of thcfe people, nl.ic h w< lli.ill here iiifert in his own words. " I mull tonlefs. I have often been led to think the feats which Homer reprellnts hi 1 Iitiiocs as performing with their fpears, a little too iii-uli of the marvellous to be admitted into ,111 heroic potni 1 1 mean when confined within the llrait Ihijs of AriHotic. Nay, even fo great an advocate for him as Mr. I'opr, ac- knowledges them to be furprizing. But lince i have fecn what thefc people can do with their wooden fpears, and thofe badly pointed, and not of a very hard na- ture, I have not tne leaft exception to any one pafTagc in that great poet on this account. But if I Ice fewer exceptions, I can find infinitely more beauties in liimi as he has, I think, fcarcely an adion, circuiiillancc, or defcription of any kind whatever, relating to a fpear, which I have not feen and recognifcd among thefc people ; as the whirling motion, and whittling noife, as the fpears fly; their quivering motion, as they (lick in the ground; thcwarriorsmcditatingtheiraini. when they arc going to throw ; and their fliaking thein in theirhancf, or brandifliing them, as they "advance to the attack,&c." As to the religion and government of thcfe people, we arc little acquainted with the laft, and to the firlt arc utter firangers. Chiefs they feem to have among them ; at leaft Ibme were announced to us as fuch, but they appeared to have very little authority over the reft: of the people. Old Geogy was the only one to whom we faw a particular refped paid ; but whether this was owing to his rank or age, we cannot fay. On many occalions wc have feen the old men refjjccted and obeyed. I'aowang was fo, yet wc never heard him called chief, nor could wc perceive he had any more power than his neighbours, and wc may fay the fame of every other perfoii in our neighhourhocHl. The Refolution being the firit (hip tli.it ever entered this harbour, Ca|)t. Cook named it Toit Kelolution. It is fituated on the north fide of the inoft eaflcrn point of the illand, and about E. N. E. from the vokano, in latitude 19 deg. 32 min. 25 fee. and half Ibuth, and in ■ 169 deg. 44 min. ;j5 fee. eafl longitude. It is but a finall creek, running in S. by W. half W. three quarters of a mile, and i^about half that in breadth. The depth of water in the harbour is about fix to three fathoms, the Ixntom land and mud. The landing place is ex- ceeding convenient f()r taking in ucod and water, both of thefc ncceirary articles being near the (bore. Alter the water had been a few days on board it flunk, but turned fweet again; and when at the worft the tin ma- chine would, in a few hours, recover a whole cafl^. We now ftretched, with a frelh gale, to the c.ills\ard, in order to have a nearer view of Flnonan. Having pafled this ifland at midnight, we tacked, and on Sun- day the 21ft, fleered S. \V. intending to get to the fouth of Tanna, and nearer .-\nnatoin ; lor though the morning was clear, we had made no difcoNciy of any iflands to thi (.alh .\t noon, in latitude :.o deg. \\ min. 30 fee. I'ort Refolution bore north, 86 dtg. weft, diftant about 18 miles: Tanna extended from fouth, 88 deg. W. to N. 64 deg. W. Traitors Head north 58 deg. W. diftant ho miles; the itlami of luronaii, north, 86 deg. E. diflant i ■, miles; and Aiinaiom fiom S. half E. to S. half W. diftant ;jo miles. At two o'clock P. M. feeing no more land alicad of lis, wc bore up round the S. E. end of Tanna, and ran along the fouth coall at one league from flioie. It fcemed to be a bold one unguarded by rocks, and the country made a fine appearance, full as fertile as tliat in the vicinity of the harbour. At fix o'l lock we law over the well end of Tanna, in the diieclion of north 16 deg. W. the high land of Erromaiigo. We palled the iflaind at eight, and fliaped our courlb tor Sand ^^ich llle, in order to complete our obl'crvations on that, and oi the iflcs to the N. W. At tiuir o'clock P. M. wc ap- proached the S. E. end. Wc found it to trend in the dircdlioii of W. N. W. In the middle of this range, very near the fliorc, we ililcovercd three or four fmall iflcs, behind which appeared a fafo anchoiag;-. We continued our run along the coalV to its wcflern ix- tremity and then fleered N. N. W. from the S. E. end of MallicoUo. On the 2 jd, wc came in fight of the iflands Pa-oom, Apee, and ."Vmbrym. The tiril of thcfe appeared now to ..A.J'^^" Capt. C O () K s V () Y A G K S COMPLETE. t«» he two idaniU. Wc continucil our c ourl'c to within half alca^^ui'ot Mallicollo, on the S. W. liclc, which vc r;in;.':iil at that diftanic. The ilircCHon of the hind, from the S. Iv point is VV. by S. for about lix leagues, anil then N. VV . by VV. for three leagues, terminating in a iiii;h jioint or head land, in latitude i6 deg. 29 iiiin. to whiih the name was given of S. VV. Cape. The coall is low, indented with creeks, and projednig points J but, probably, thcfe points might be little illcs miller Ibore. One wc know to be fiiih, lying be- tween two and three leagues of the tape. A round rock, oridot, which, by an elbow in the coall, forms a line bay, lies dofe to the wciV fide, or jwint of the lape, conneCled with it by breakers. We were agrec- ablv furpn/ed with the beauty of the forells in Malli- collo, from whence we faw fiiiokc aliend in various pl.ucs, a plain indication of their being inhabited : the circumjacent land appeared very fertile and popu- lous. We Obfcrved troops of natives on feveral parts of the lliore ; and two canoes put oft" to us, but as wc did not ll'.ortcn fail, they could not overtake the ibip. The mot! advanced land from the S. VV. cape, bore N. VV. by N. at which it feemcd to terminate. At noon we were two miles from the coall, and by obfer- vation wc found our latitude to be 16 deg. 22 min. 30 fee. S. and our never failing watch fhewed, that wc were 26 niin. VV. of it. At this time the S. W. capo bore S. :fi deg. 1'".. and the luiiH advan''ed point of land for whiih wc fleered, borcN. W.by N. We had run the length of it by three o'clock 1'. M. and found the land trending; more ami more to the north. We reached its utmoll cxircmity after il.irk, when wc were neat enough the lliore to hear the voices of the people, who vcrcaHiinbied round a lire they had made on the beach. VW- now hauleil round the point, Hood ag.un to the north, and fpent the night in ISougainville's pallage, Ik- imr, allured of our fituation before fun-let. On Wednefday, the 24th, we had advanced nearly to the middle of the jiallage, and the N. VV. end of Mallicollo extended from S. ;,o deg. !•'.. to S. 5 8 deg. W. We now fleered N. by !•'.. then north along the call Coall of the northern land. At lii II this ( (tall appeared continued, but we found it was com|)ofcil of ievcral low wiKiilv illes, luofl of till 111 of fmali extent, except the fomhermofl, which in lionom totheday, wasnamed St. Bartholomew. It is near feven leagues in circum- ference, and forms the N. 1'.. point «)f liougainvillc's pair-igc. VV'e continued our courfe N, N. VV. along a fine I (ufl covered with woods; in fomc places were white patches which we judged to be chalk. On the 2;th, at day break, we were on the north lide of the ilT.iiid, an. IlUered wefl along the low land under it, for the bliill-lie.id ; beyni.l wiiiih, at fun rife, wc faw an clcMted coall, flretching to the north, as far as N. VV. by VV. I Living doubled the head, wc perceived the land to tr.iiil louth, n little eallerly, and to form a l.iiye deep b.iv, bouiukd on the well by the above nientioiKil loall. It was our opinion, and every thing fo'il'piied to make us conclude, that this was the bay of St. Philip and St. Jago, difcovcred by Quiros in i6o6. In ord'.i to dir .niiiie this point, we llretchcd over to the w^lt (bore, from which wc were one league at noon, and in latitude i4deg. 55 min. 30 fee. S. anil in i(>7 deg. < min. K. At half part four o'clock P. M. wi: were only two miles from the weft Ihore, to which we had been drove by a NT. E. fwcll. Here we f.iw lar.^e bodies of the natives collei!ted together. Some ventured olf in canoes ; but they took fuddcn fright at fonieihing, nor could all our iigiis of fricnd- 11. ip iniluce them to come along-fule. Their nakednefs was covered with foine tla^-grali, faftcned to a belt, and wliich hung down, nearly as low as their knees: this was their only covering. Their complexion was very dirk and their hair woolly, or cut fiiort. The calm continued till near eight o'clock, and in the iiKcrval of time, we were drove into eighty-five fathom water; fo th.n we were under the apprchcnfions of being obliged to anvhor on a lee lliore, in a great depth, and in a gloomy dark night; but contrary to our cxpcda- fions our fears were removed ; for a breeze (prung up 'I at I*". S. E. and when wc had hardly room to veer, the lliip came alxnit 1 our (ails filled on the llaiboard tai k ; and we^fuch was the kind intt rpofition of an invilil.lc agent) flood off N. E. On the a6th, we were ahmit eight miles from the head of the hay, that is termi- nated by a low beach ; behind which is an exteiilivell.u covered with wcotl, and bounded on each lide by a riilj^c of mountains. We found our latitude at niuin to be 1 c deg. c mm. S, and atoneo'diKk, havingabrcc/cat N, by VV . we fleered up to within two miles of the head of the bay. Mr. Cooper and Mr. (Jilbert were lint out to found and reconnoitre, while wc flood olf ami on with the Iliip. Hy this, time and opjxirtunity wiic afliirded tiir three failing canoes to come up, which h;ij been (iillow ing us. They would not come along-liilr, but advanced near enough to receive fuch things :h were thrown out to them, faflened to a rope, 'llioy appeared to he of the fame colour as the inhabitants oi' Mallicollo, but were Itouter made and taller: thcit brarils were fri/./led and their hair wiiollv: yet feveni circumflanccs concurred to make us thfnk they were o\ another nation. The numerals, as far as lix, thiyex. prelled in the language .^nanlocha, and called the ad- jacent lands by the fame names, Swinc had their hair long, tied upon the crown of the head, and ornamental with feathers like the New /ealanders. Others wore a white llicll tied on their foreheads. They wore brace- lets on theirarms, and a belt round their waifls. .Some were painted with a blackilh pigment. They hail prongs with them, which looked like inftrumeti :: rn catch lifli, and the only arms we faw among then, v ^'re gigs and dirts. Their t anoes were moft like thofe of 'I'anna, and navigated in much the laniernanner. They gave us the names of fuch parts as wc jwinied to ; hut the name of the ifland wc could not get troiii them. On the return of the boats wc were informed by Mr. Cooper and others, that they had landed at the head of the bay, near a line ftrcam of freih water. V\> fleered down the bay, being not in want of any thing, and the w ind having Ihifted to S. S. E. Throughout the lore part of the night, on the weft fulc of the lliore. the country wa.s illuminated with fires, from the fea fl> .,: to the fummit of the mountains. On Satur»l v thi 27th, at day-break, wc found ourfclvcs two tn;r 1 down the bay, and at noon we were the length of the N. W. point, which bore N. 82 deg. VV. dillant li\'- miles ; and by obfervation our latitude was 1 4 deg. 39 min. JO fee. Some of our gentlemen were doubtful of this being the bay of St. Philip and St. J.igo, Ixcaufr no place anfwered to the port of Vera Cru/ ; but the caji- tain gave \ery gjxid reafons for a contiary opinion. A jKirt is a very vague term, like many others in geo- graphy ; and what (.Juiros calls the port of Vera CJni/, might be the whole haven or harbour, or the anchorage at the head of the bay, which in fomc places may ex- tend farther oft' than where our boats landed. 'Ihc river was probably one of thofe mentioned by Quiros» and, if wc were not deceived, we faw the other. The bay is every where free from danger, and of an unfathomable depth, except near the iliorcs, which arc for the moft part low. It hath lixty miles fea coafl ; eighteen on the caft lide, which lies in the diredion of S. half VV. and N. half E. lix at the head ; andthirty- lix on the well lide, the direction of which is S. by 1''. and N. by W. from the head down to two thirds of its length, and then N. VV. by N. to the N. VV. point. The two points which form the entrance of the bay, are in the diredion of S. 53 deg. E. and N. 53 deg. VV. dillant from cachodicr thirty miles. The bay, as well as the flat land at the head of it, is bounded by a ridge of hill.i : one to the weft is very high, and ex- tends the whole length of the ifland. Upon this ap- peared a luxuriant vegetation wherever the eye turned. Rich plantations adorned ihc fides of the hills, Ibrefts reared their towered heads ; and every valley was wa- tereJ with a running ftrcam ; but of all the produc- tions of nature the cocoa-nut trees were the moft con- fpicuous. Capt. Cook named the caft point of the bay Cape Quiros, in memory of its firft difcovcrcr. It is in lat. 14 deg. 56 min. S. and in 167 deg. 13 min. £. longi- COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Dijiovtriet in tlic South Seattc Ruuml tlic//o//7. »-3 I longitude. The N. W. point he named CajK Ciiin- bcrund, in honour of hi* royal highncA the diikc. Thiit licj in latitude of i4dcg. ;j8 iiiin. 45 fee. S. and in longitude 166 dcg. 4^ inin. 30 fee. K. It is the N. W. extremity of this Archipelago. On the 18th, and ^()\.\\, wc took every opportunity, when the horizon was clear, to loiik out tor more land, but none wag feen : it is pro- bable that there is nory nearer than Queen Charlotte"* lllind, difcovercd by Capt. Carteret, aTwut 90 leagues N. N. W. from Cape Cumberland, and the Captain thought this to be the fame with (juiros's Santa Cru/.. On Tucfiiay the 30th, wc plycd up the coall with a frcfli breeze. On Wednefday the 31ft, wc weathered the S. W. point of the illand. The coaft which trends ca(V, northerly, it low, and feemcd to form (bnic ticcks or tovcsjand as we got farther into the pallage, we per- ceived f(Hne fmall low ifles lying alon^ it, which feemcd to extend behind St. Bartholomew Kl.ind. Having now explored the whole Archipelago, the feafon of the tar made it nccclTary to return to the foiith ; but wc ad )et fonic time L'*"t to make obfervatioi:! >n any land we might difcoveriietween this and New Zealand; at which lad place the Captain intended to touch, in order to recruit our ftixk of wood and water for another foutherii courfe. To this end, at five o'clock P. M. wc t.ickcd. and hauled to the fouthward, with a frelh gale at S. K. At this time the S. W, point of the ifland Tierradd lH'piritu Santo, the only remains ofQuiros's continent, liore north 82 deg. W. which Capt. Cook named Cape I. ilburne. It lies in hititiide 15 deg. 40 11, V and in i'>3 deg, 5*) min. eaft longitude. It may pcrii.\ be pleating to our readers to. give a fummary aiul more ;> .curate view of the iflands in this Archi- pelago, an tl'<: r)reg()irig account, being given jouinal- vife, inaynot bcil'.ought {urrfpicuous. or plain enoi.gh, cither as to fituation or defcription. The idatids which coiii|)ofe this Archipelago arc not cafily numbered. We counted upwards of leventy in light at one timci and they feem to be inhabited by jicopic of very dilTcrenc natures and complexions. Some wc faw were woolly headed, and of the African race; others were of a copper colour, not unlike the New /ealanders ; fomc were of the mulatto colour, and not a few like the natives of Rotterdam, of a brow nifli hlaik, with long hair and (horn beards. The high notion'!, however, that y^re entertained of the vail riihis of Cxfi iflands, of their abounding in pearls, filverorc, anl preciousftones, tio not fcein well loumieil, neither dcK-s the illand of Manicola anfvver by any niraim, the poinjHius defcription given of it by the Spanilliwriteis, who found their report on the relation of an Iniian chief, and on that of a captive, whom Quiros lii/.ed, and carried, to Mexico. From the former (>jiiros learned, that to the N. W. of his country ( raiiinaco) there were more than 60 iflands, and a large country, wiiich he called Manicola; that, to explain which were liuall, he madr circles, and pointed to the fea with his firtgcr, and made figns that it furrouhded the land ; and for the larger he made greater circles, and the faille figns ; and for that large country he opened both his arms, without ioi.iing tncm ogain, thereby in- timating, that it extended without end; and by lign^ he lliewcd whjch p^dple were whites, negroes, Indians, and niulattoes, and , which were Inixcd ; that in fomc illamls thev cat humah Hefli ; and for this he made (igns by biting his .»rm, liiew ing' clearly thereby his abhor- rence of Ibch people. He alfo gave them to undcritand, that in the great country, tlierc were cows or buflTalocs. From the captive Quiros learnt, that in fome of thofc illands, there were pearls as large as fmall pcbo'.rs ; that the pearls wer\; white and (hining; and that when tluy l reap the fruits of other peo- ples labours) by M. dc Bmigainville in 176S, who ex- cept landing on the illcof Lcpj;s, difovciui no more than that the land was not connected, but com- pofed of iflamls, which he called tiic Cireat C)cladei. But our gi''at navigator, and experienced commander, (!apt.Co()k, left no room for conjecture, refpecting the gnat oiijects he had in vicwj for belidcs afcertaining the extent and fituation of thefe iflands, he has added to tlieiii feveial new ones ; and having expluied the whole with mathematical precilion, we think he had a right to name them, as he did, the New 1 lebrides ; by which name we flull in the remaining parts of our narrative diltinguilh them. Their fituation is bci«eeii the latitude of 14 deg. 29 min. anti 20 deg, 4 min. S. and between 166 deg. 41 min. and 170 deg. .1 min. E. longitude, extending I2j leagues, or 37; miles, in the di rection of N. N. W. half VV . and S. S. K. hall li. We lliall dcdribe them for the fake of perfpicuity in the tbllowing numerical order : !. The Peak of the Etoilc, as it was named by M. de Bougainville. This is the moft northern idc, and, according to his reckoning, lies N. by W. eight leagues from Aurora, in latitude 14 deg. 29 min. longitude 168 deg. 9 min. II. Tierra del Efpiritu Santo, which lies farthefl north, and was difcovercd by Quiros in 1606. This is the i^ioll wertern and largeft of all the Hebrides. It lies in the direeiion of N. N. W. half W. and S, S. E. half E. and is 66 miles long,^ 36 broad, and 1 80 in circum- ference. The laniT is exceeding high and mountain- ous ; and the hills in many parts rife diredly from the fea. Every pin c, except the cliffs, is beautifully idorned with w omls and regular plantations. The bay of St. PhiHpandSt. Jago, forms an excellent harbour, and wc doubt not of there being good bays ahjiig the fouth and eaft coalb ofother fmaller iflands. III. Mallicollojs the next conlidcrablc ifland, ex- tending N. W. and S. E. In thi^ dirciJtion it is 54 inriilcs Umg. Its greateft breadth is at the S. E. which is 24 miles. The N. W. end is 1 6 miles broad; and nearer the middle one third of thftt jjrcadth. Thefe 2 X ' '' '' '''"- unequal ., .->' «74 Capt. COOK '8 VOYAGES COM P L E T E. 3 ::. iincquAl incafuremcnts, particularty ncarrfie ccnfrc, arc caiifcd by a wide and pretty deep bay, on the S. W. lide. If we ma) form a judgnicnt of the whole of this illand from what we faw of it, wemuft conclude it is very fertile and populous. The hills are in the center of the illand, from which the land defcends, with an calV flope to the fea coaft, where it is rather low. IV. St. Bartholomen, fituatcd between the S. E. end of i'ierra del Kfprritu Santo, and the north end of Mal- licollo ; the diltance between which latter illand and St. Bartholomew is eight miles. The middle of it is in latitude 1 5 des. 4S min. Between this idand and that of Mallicollo, is the paflTage through w hich M. dc Bougainville went ; whoie defcriptions have very little prc'.enfions to accuracy. V. The Ifle of Lepers is fituatcd between Efpiritu Santo and Aurora, being diftant from the former eight leagues, and from the latter three. It lies nearly under t\\e fame meridian as the S. E. end of IViailicollo, in latitude 1 5 deg, 22 nun. Its figure approaches ncareft to an oval; and it is near 60 miles m circumference. We dctcrmirjcd its bounds by fevcral bearings; but the lines of the flwre were traced out by infpedion, except the N. L. part, where there is an anchorage half a rnile tnim the land. We muft here obferve, that, Aurora, Whitfuntidc, Ambrym, Paoom, and its ncrghbours Apce, Three-hills, ana Sandwich Iflands, lie all under che fame meridian of 167 deg. 79 min. E. extending from ihe 'atitude-of 14 deg. 51 mm. 30 fee. to 17 deg. 5 J min. < a fee. VI. Aurora Iflana ties N. b^' W. and S. by E. in which direction it is jj miles ir» length ; but in breadth, «c think, it fcarccly exceeds fcvcn miles, except where the natives have their plantatioas. its furfacc is hilly, and every where '-overcd with wood. VII. \\'hitr'.incide Illand, one league and a half to the foiith o( .Aurora, of which it is the fame 1-ngth, but fomewhat broaiicr ; and lies in the dircdion of north and fouth. Except fuch parts that fccmcd to be cultivated, and which are pretty numerous, it appeared t Diiruicrably high, and covered with wood. VIII. .\r.ibrym, from the north lidc to the (buth ctxl of Whitfuntidc Ifland, is two leagues and in half. In tiTumferenLc this ifland is abouu 17 leagues. The lliore is rather low, aiiJ the land rifcs w ith an unequal al" cnt to a high mountain. We judged it to be well iiilialiiii-d from the quantity of fmoke which weper- ( iMvcd 10 afccnd out of the woods, in fuch parts of the ill md ii-i palled under our obiervation; for the whole of it uc did not fee. I\. I'aooni, of this and its neighbourhood we faw but Utile, and thcret'ore can only fay of this ifland, that it feus up to a great height '.n the form of a hay-cock. The extent of this and dv: r.djoir.ing ifle (if they are two) do not exceed three or forr leagues, in any direc- tion ; for the c'iiUnca between Ambrym arul Apec ii liv.urel) li^c leagues, and they are fituatcd in this fpacc, Arid ealt from Fort Sandwich, diflaiK about .ight L'agiies. \. .'\pce. The direction of this ifland is about 14 miles N. W. and S. E. and it is not lefs than 60 jiulcs in circumference. It has a hilly furfacc, riling to A coiiliderahle height, ..nd is divcrlified with woods and law ns : we (peak here only of the welt and fouth parts, for the others we did not fee. XI. Shcpherc's Ifles, which arc a cluftcr of fmall one>, of dillerent dimenfions, in the direction of S. E. and oxtciuling off from the S. E. point of Apte, ab; . Ii',e kagucs. Xil. 1 hrcc-hills. This ifland lies four leagues fouth from the coaCi of Apec, and isdillant 17 leagues, S. E. half S. tiom Fort Sandwich. A reef of rocks, on which the fea continually beats, lies W, by N. five miles from the wefl point. XIII. .Sandwich Ifland is fituatcd nine leagues, in th'. dirccUon of fouth from Three hillj. To the ca It and v.'cfl of which line are, , XIV. Tuo-hills Ifland. ',,-;'.' -, •; r- XV. The Monument. " " ""»"-' "''■ »-"^' XVI. MoiTta.tu Iflands.' i " ;. ' ,'"* ,■ XVII. HincPnbrook. ■ ' *' XVIII. Two or three fmall ifle.s, lying bctvca»» Hinchinbrook and Sandwich Ifland, to which they arc connefted by breakers. Sandwich Ifland is 75 miles in circumference, and its grcatcft extent is 30 miles. It lies in the direftion of N. W. by W. and S. E, by K. Wc viewed the N. W. coaft ofthis ifland only at a dif- tancc. From the fouth end of Mallicollo, to the N. W. end of Sandwich Ifle, the diftance, in the diredion of S. S. E. is 22 league*. XIX. Erramanyo lies in the fame diredion; and is fituatcd 1 8 leagues from Sandwich Ifland. It is about 75 miles in circumference; The middle of it is in la- titude 1 8 deg. 54 min. longitude 169 deg. 19 min. E. From the diftance we were oft' when wc Hrft faw it, it appeared of a good height. XX. Tanna. This ifland is fituatcd fix leagues from the fouth fide of Erromango, extending S. E. by S. and N. W. by N. It is about 54 miles long in that direc- tion, and every where aboot nine )r twelve milci broacd, there are many others of lelfer note, of which we had only a tranfictu view, and thercfo*c cruinot pretend to def- er ibc. To this account in order to render it complete, uf fliall annex the luii. r obfervations, made by our alho- twmcr, Mr. Wales, for afceriaining the longitude 01 thcfc iflands, concerning which Capt. Cook obfcrvc-, " That each fct of obfervations confifting of between fix and ten obfcrvcd diflantcs of the fun and moon, orinoon and ftars,thc whole nuniberamounts to fevcral hundreds; and ihcfe, by me-an.%of the watch, have been reduced to all the iflands; fo that the longitude of each i> as well ikicrmincd as that of the two ports undermentioned, namely. Sandwich and Rcfolution. To Drove this uc need only obfcrvc, that the l»/ngitudc of the two prts, as poinrid out by the w.itch and by the obfervations, did no; dilFcr two miles. This ftiews likewife, what degree of accuracy thefc obfervations arc capable of, when mul- tiplied to a co»\fKkrable number, made with dilTcrcm inftruments, and with the fun and ftars, or Ixnh (iJi> of the moon. By this laft method, the errors which iiw; be either m the inftruments or lunar tables, deftroy u.li other, as alfo thofc that may arifc from the obfencr himfclf : for fomc arc more critical, and cloferobfi.■r^cri than others. If wc confidcr the number of obfer\J- tions that may be obtained in the courfc of a moniK (fuppofing the weather to be favourable) wcflinll per- haps find this method of afccrtaining the longituJcul places as accurate as moft others; at leaft it is the nicll cafy, and attended with the leaft cxpcncc. Every Hup bound to foreign parts is, or may be, fuppliid upn cafy terms, with a fuflicicnt mirpber of good quadiams proper for making the folaror lunar obfervations ; anil the diHtrencc of the price between a good and W quatlrant, can never be an obicd w ith an officer. Trc moft expenfivc article, antf what is in 'onic inealirc neceflary, in order to arrive at the utmoft acci."cy, is a good watch ; but fqr copimpn g*. and vlicrc m Arid accuracy is not required, tKs may W: dilpenled ' Mltl); 1^ ■J 1 ■■■**; I .':. M f . ' 1 - , ' >Uji"{.. . mi * • rip'. ■^.. !- V*-. - i -H !ft--'r -J«l'!»*!^ ^^.'iV.':i f . :M' .r^'" ■.«V, ;-/;^5fc-»" ■^^. .^^ •}?^1 \iai .-t -I -ff -.V ,-^ (ii-r'-^ ';■*.•■■ r<7 V>.' . f"-^'. '■fit' * 'ifl 'tirci i * 'fc ''ii n.1;' (.1 sj-*.:i4i' * V *i" "k*- *\»;.:'j'iifM''^ ■ ,J . .. * . « 4 t f; ^••"'■#-!^ ,>:'->•, i/c ^^W^'^^W^%^^^' ^Ifi.-'V^ Wfe '^•lii**^ f^'/ ^ V^ V. ■■^v ;!?!*: ■:tw- iv'V .• Eli*- W^ '.?^» 'V-fi^i ^■;if ^"»^ ■\'-\ .a*ii .t5.-.i ^i^v v^:. Vi-'< ■'I r- fA■ <•. "«■' ;*-- /I / \ jit- •: ■f { A 'J» ■•? ,•: [, . . .:;4;,5ci--.v»' r.i'^^. v'^i^ i Nr] COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Di/coveries in the South Seas & Round the JVotU., 175 with; and it is to be obfcrved, that the ordinary way of finding the longitude by a quadrant, is not to dif- ficult but that any man with proper application, and a little pradlice, may foen learn to make obfcrvations as ' well as the aftronoraers. Indeed, notany material dif- ference has fcldom occurred, between the cbfervations made by Mr. Wales, and thofe made by the officers at the fame time. Lunar Obfcrvations made by Mr. WALES, For afcertaining the longitude of the Hebrides, reduced by the watch to Port Sandwich in Mallicollo, and Port Refolution in Tanna. L PORT SANDWICH., Meanofiofetsofobfcrv.beforei67' 56' 33" J > •"''' 2 ditto, at ■ 168 2 37 i 20 ditto, 167 52 57 ■ ■'■■^TIT ________ !ii • Mean of thefe means 167 57 22 ^^E. LoAg," IL PORT RESOLUTION. It Mcanof2ofets of obferv. before 169' 37' 35" •• ;'• S ditto, at 169 48 48 20 ditto, after 169 47 22^ ". Mean of thefe means 169 44 35 )-MI»-:-iI= tt> CHAP. VII. Ill' , ■^-:^ V./iti Nev) Caledonia lii/cavereJ—Iiicide/i/s — Tbe country defcribed — An account of the cufloms, manners, and arts of the natives — Obfcrvations on tbe coajl and fame law ijlauds — Remarkable incidents while exploring thefe — Tbe Refolution is obliged to depart from Nev.> Caledonia — This, in dipt. Cook's opinion, is tbe largeji ijland in the South Pacific Ocean, except New Zcitliimi— -Remarks upon it — Continues her voyage to New Zealand — Obfcrvations refpefling tbe difcovery of Norfolk Ijknd—Sbe atrives at S^en Charlotte's Sound — An account of incidents while the jhtp lay there. ON September the 1 ft, .being Thurfday, we were out of light of land, and no more was to be fccn. We continued our courfe to the S. W. and on the 3d at five o'clock, found ourfclvcs in 19 deg. 49 min. and in 165 deg. E. longitude. On the 4th, at eight o'clock A. M. we difcovered land, which at noon extended from S. 9. E. to W. by S. diftani fix leagues. At five P. M. we were fix leagues off, when we were ftopped by a calm. At this lime the land extended from S. E. by S to W. by N. round by the S. W. but as fome openings were fccn in the wed, we could not determine whether it was one conneifled land, or a clufter of I Hands. The roaft kttheS. E. fccmcd to terminate to the S. E. in a high pn.'nontory, which was named Cape Colnet, after one of our midfhipmen, who firlt difcovered this land. We faw twoor three canoes under fail, and we thought they had come off to us, but they ftruck their fails a little before fun fet, and we faw them no more. On the 5th, wcobferved the coall extended to the S. E. of Cape Colnett, and round by the S. W. to N. W. by W. We bore down to N. W. and came before an opening, that had the appearance of a good channel. We ddired to enter it, in order to have an opportunity of obferving an eclipfc of the fun, which was foon to happen. We theieforc fcnt out two armed boats to found the channel : and at the fame time we faw 12 large failing canoes near u?. All the morning we had obftrved them in motion, and coming olf from dif- ferent (wrts ; but foinc were lying on the reef, fifhing as we imagined. When we hoilled out our boats they w«re pretty near us ; but upon feeing this, they return- ed, and our boats followed them. Wc now were con- vinced, that what we had taken for openings in the coall was low land, all cotjneCled, except the wcftem extremity, which, as we afterwards learnt, was an illand, called Balabea. The boats having made a fig- nal for a channel, we Ihwd in with the fliip. The commanding officer of the Ixjats re|M)rted, that there was gop>il anchorage, and that the natives were very civil and obliging. I le gave them fonic medals, and in return, they prefented him with fome filh. Having got within the reef, wc hauled up S. half E. forafmall low fandy ille, lying under the (bore, being followed by all the canoes. Wc proceeded up the bay more than •two miles, and at lengdi anchored in five fathoms water, the bottom a fine fand mixed with mud, and we were well Hieltcred from the wind and fea. At this time the low fiindy ific bore E. by S. didant three quarters of a mile, and from tke fiiorc of the main we .♦ere one nnlc. The iOiind of BaUbc«,bore N. W. by : N. and the iclianncl through which wc came north, ' diftant four miles. A great number of the natives fur- \ rounded us before wc had well got to anchor, in 16 or 1 8 canoes, without any fort of weapons, and we pre- vailed upon one boat to come near enough to receive fome prefents. In return, they tied two fifh to the rope, that ftunk intolerably. An intercourfc being thus opened by mutual exchanges, two of the natives ven- tured on board the (hip, and prcfently after fhc was filled with them. Some dined with us, but they would not eat our fait beef, pork, or peafc foup: we happened to have fome yams left which they were very fond of. Thefe they called Oobce, a name not unlike Oofec by which they are called at moft of the iflands, except Mallicollo; neverthelefs we found thefe people fpoke a language to which wc were entire ftrangers. They were quite naked, except the belt and wrapper, which they ufed as the inhabitants of the other illands. They had no knowledge of our dogs, cats, and goats, &c. not having even a name for them ; but they Ihewed a re- markable attachment to pieces of red cloth and fpike nails. After dinner-time, a party of us went afliore with two armed boats, and landed amidft a great num- ber of people, who were induced by curiofity alone to fee us, for they had not fo much as a ftick in their hands, and received us with great courtcfy. They ex- preffed a natural furprize at feeing men and things fo new to them as we were. Prefents were made to fuch, as a man, who had attached himfcif to Capt. Cook, pointed out; but he would not lliffer the captain to give the women, who flood behind, any beads or me- dals. Wc faw a chief whofe name was Teabooma, w ho called for filence foon after we landed. Blvery perfon inftantly obeyed him, and liftened with extraordinary attention. When he had finifhed his harangue, ano- ther fpoke, who was no lefs refpedfuUy attended to. 'Their fpeeches were compofcd of fliort fcntcnccs. Wc thought ourfelves to be the fubjed of them, though we could not undcrftand them. Having by figns enquired for frelh water, fome pointed to the eaft, others to the weft; but our friend undertook to condudl us to it, and for that purpofe embarked with us. The ground we paffed was beautifully cultivated, laid out in fcvcral plantations, and well watered. We rowed near two miles to the eaft, where we obfcrved the Ihorc to be moftly covered with mangroves^ We entered among thefe by a narrow creek or river, whiqh brought us to a little ftraggling village where we were ftiewn frefli wfiicr. I^car this fppt the land was richly adorned with ftlpntations of iiigar-canes, yams,&c. and watered widi ittlc riUs, conduaed by art from the main fprings whole fpurcfi was in the hills. Wc faw fcvcral cocoa - ;jiut trees which had not much fruit on them, and heard the crowing of cocks, but law none. Sortie rt)ots were , baking *T ■\ 'M>' ' :V I IT* Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. baktn<^ on a fire, in an earthen jar, which would hold fix gallons, and we did notdoubr, but that this was of their own manufacflurc. Mr. (order ihot a duck as it Hew over our heads, and explained to the captain's friend how it was killed. He defircd to have the duck, and informed his countrymen in what manner it was Hiot. The tide not permitting us to Ray longer in the creek, we took leave of thifc amicable people, from \vhom we had nothing to cxpcdl but good nature, and the privilege of vifiting their country without molcfta- tion, as it was eafy to fee thcfc were all they could be- llow. Though this did not fatisfy our demands, it p;avc us much eafc and fatisfadion, for they certainly excelled all the natives we had hitherto met with in friendly civility. On Tuefday, the 6th, in the morning, hundreds of the natives came to vilit us : fome fwaiii, and others came in canoes. Before ten o'clock our decks, and other parts of the fliip, were quite full of then). "The cap- tain's friend brought fome fruit and a few roots ; the reft had with them only their clubs and darts, which they exchanged readily for nails, pieces of cloth, and other trifling articles. Texabooma camcwiththcni, but went out of the fliip imperceptibly, and by that means loft the prcfcnt that was intended for him. After brcak- faft lieutenant Pickerfgill was fent with two armed boats in fearch after- frelh water, for what was found the pre- ceding day could not conveniently be got on board. Mr. Wales alfo, and lieutenant Gierke, went to the little idand, to make preparations for ohfervin^r the cclipfc of the fun, which was expciftcd to be in the af- ternoon. Mr. Pickerfgill having fucceciled, foon re- turned. The launch was therefore ordered out to com- plete our water, and thecaptain repaired to the iflc, to aflift in the oblervation. The eclipfe came on about one o'clock P. M. We loft the firft contact by inter- vening clouds, but were more fortunate in the endj and by obfervations taken with different inlhiinitnts, by Capt. Cook, Mr. \Vale», ami Mr. CIcrke, the lati- tude of the ifle, at the place of oblervation, was found to be 20 dcg. 17 niin. ,{9 fee. S. The lonj^itude by the diftancc of the fun and moon, and moon and ftars, 48 fets, 164 dcg. 41 niin. 21 fee. E. The fame by the watch i6;? dcg. 58 min. Mr. Wales meafured the quantity eclipfed by Hadley's quadriint, a method ne- ver before thought of. The ciptain was of opinion, that it anfwcrs the pur|X)fe of a micrometer to a great degree of certainty : if fo, it is a great addition to the ufe of this valuable inftrument. In the evening we vi- fited the Watering place, which was a fine llream, at the head f .. '""ill creek. The calks were conveyed by a fniall boat down the creek to the beach, over which they were rolled, and then put into the launch. The boat coiilil enter the creek only at high water. Near tins waierin::; place was plenty of excellent wood for fuel, an article we did not at prefent want. In the evening of this day, alwut fcven o'clock, died Simon Monk, our butcher. His death was occafioned by a falldoun the fore hatchway, thej)reccding night. We could not but lament the lofs of^ fo ufe!"ul a hand, ef- petially as he was well refpcdcd and much eftccmed on hoard the fliip. On Weiincfday, the 7ih, we made a party to take a view of the country. When we had landed, two of the natives undertook to be our guides. Wc afcended rhc hills by a pretty good path s and in the way met fc- veral people, who accompanied us, fo that in a Ihort time our train became numerous. From the fummit of one oftiic hills we faw the Cba in two places, whereby wc could determine the breadth of this country, which does not exceed thirty miles. A large valley lay be- tween the ridge wc were iipon, ahd the advanced hills, through which glided a fcrj)entinc river, and on the fides of the hills were feveral ftraggling villages. The valley appeared rather romantic, by the villages, intcr- Jperfed with wtx)ds, winding ftrcams, and beautiful plantations, which much improved the fcenc. The other parts of the idand were moftly rocky and barren. The little foil that is upon the mountains and high ^iljjices is burnt up In' the llui; yet it is coated with ' coarfc grafs and plant:;, and here and there trees and ftirubs. There is a great fimilitudc between this coun- try and New Holland, under the fame parallel of lati- tude, obvious to every one who had feen both places. We returned by a different road to that wc came by. and pafled through fome of the plantations in the plains, which were laid out w ith great judgment, and appeared to be well cultivated. All the nations in thefe fcas re- cruit their land by letting it lay in fallow, but they fcnn not to have any idea of manuring it, except by iltting fire to the grafs with which it is over-run. Having finilhed our cxcurfion by noon, wc returned on bi).uj to dinner, with one of our guides with us, whole atten- tion and fidelity were rewarded at a very trifling cx- pence. In the afternoon, the captain's clerk, hi\m afliorc, purchafed a filh which one of the natives had ftmck. It had a large, long, ugly head, and bore foiiK rcfemblance to the fun filh. It was ordered for flipper, as wc had no fufpicion of its being poifonous. Provi- dentially, the time the draughtfinan took up in por- traying thys fifh, made it too late for us to have it drclfd ; but thecaptain, and the two MelTrs, Forfters tafUJ ot the liver and row ; and in the middle of the night, tlu-. found themfelvcs feized with a weaknefs and Ihtpui, which affected their whole tiamc. The captain IkhI j1- moft loft his fcnfc of feeling, not being able todilbn- guilh between light and heavy bodies ; a quart pot and a feather fcemed the fame in his hand. An emetic, aid after that afwcat, were taken by thefe geiirieincn, which proved an efficacious remedy. When they role in the morning, they found one of the pigs drad, who had eaten the entrails j and when the natives cunc on board, and faw the filh hang up, they exprellcd their abhorrence, fignifying it was not wholefbiiie feod. It is a little remarkable they did nor do this when the fifli was to be fold, nor after it was purchafed. On the Sth in the afternoon, Teabooma, the chief, brought a prefent to the captain, conlifting of a few yams, and fug:ir canes. In return for which, among other arti- cles, a dog and bitch was fent hiin, ncarU' full grown. The dog was red and white, but the bitcti was the co- lour of an Englifh fox. This was done with the view of flocking the country with this fpccies of aniirfnls. ii was fome time before Teabooma could believe the prefent was intended for him ; but whc!j he was con- vinced of this, he fent tlicm imnie.liately awav, and fcemed loft in excels of joy. On the <)th, lieutenant Pickerfgill and Mr. CJilbcrt were diCpati hed in the launch and cutter to cxjjlorc the coall to th>' \\d\, which could not be fo well etfev;t<.'d by the fliip, on account of the reefs. A party of men w. is alio fent afhore to cut brooms ; but Capt. Cook ar,d Mcllrs. Forftcrs were confined alwarJ, though much better. On the 10th, Mr. Forftcrw.is fo well recovered as to go into the country in (earch of plants. On Siiiulav, the nth, in thewevening, the boats returned, and uc were informed by the commanding olHcers, that hav- ing reached an elevation the morning they had fet our, they had from thence a view of the coail; and horli Mr. Gilbert and Mr. Pickerfgill were of opinion, that there was no palfagc for the fliip to the weft. Irom this place, accompanied by two of the natives, they went to Balabea. They were received by 'ieabi, the chief of the ifland, and the people who tame in great numbers to fee them, w ith ftrong intimations of friemf- fliip. Our people, that they might not he crowda', drew a line between them and the natives, who iiudtr- ftood and complied with the rcflridion. One of tlirfe had a few cocoa-nuts, which a liiilor would have boiii^ht, but the man being unwilling to part with ihem, walked off, and, being follow cd by the failor, he fat down on the fand, made a circle round him, as he h.id feen our people do, and fignificd that the other w as not to come within it, and tltc injundion was ftridly ob- ferved. This cxcurfion to lialabca was rather a fruit- Icfs one ; for they did not rcacb the ifle till near fiin- fet, and left it again before fun-rife, the next morning ; and the two following days were fpcnt in getting up to the ihip. In going down to the ifle, they faw«a great number of turtles, but could not ftr-'.c »..^ . 'He •wino COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Dijcoveries iri the Soutb Scai &c RoUnd the mr/d. i jy wind and fea being rather tcmpenuous. The cutter fprung a leak, and fuddcniy filled with water, fo that they were obliged to throw feveral things over board, to prevent her being loft, and by lightening her, to ftop the leak. From a fifliing canoe they met, they got as much fi(h as they could eat. On Monday, the 12th, early in the morning, the carpenter was ordered to repair the cutter. The cap- tain being defirous of ftocking this country with hogs as well as dogs, the fonncr being more ufcful of the two, he took with thbm in the boat a young boar and ibw, and went up the mangrove creek in fcarch of his friend, the chief, in order to give them to him. We were informed by the natives, that he lived at fome di- (lance, but they would fend for him: but he not coming as foon as we expeded, Capt. Cook refblvcd to give them to the firft man of confcquence he might meet with. In confequcnce of this detennination, they were offered to a grave old man, who fhook his head, and made figns for us to take them into the boat again. On our refudng to comply, they fccmcd to hold a con- fiiltation what wa* to be done. After this, our guide oft'ercd tocondud uj to the chief, (or Areckec) and he accordingly led us to a houfe, where eight or ten mid- dle aged perfons were feated in a circle. To thefe the captain and his pigs were formally introduced. They defired the captain with great courtefy to be fcatca, vho began to expatiate on the merits of his two pigs, explaining to them their nature and ufe, and how ihcy would niultiiily : in fliort, he enhanced vheir value as much as potTiblc, that they might take the more care of them. In return for our prefent we had (ix yams brought us, after which we went on board. In the af- ternoon we made a trip to the (hore, and on a tree near the watering place, an infcription was cut, fetting foirh the (hips name, date, &c. as a memorial and proof that we were the firfl difcovercrs of this coun- try. Much the fame had been done in other places we had touched at. Near this place is a little village, which »e now found to be much larger than we txpcded. It was furrounded with good cultivated land, regu- larly laid out, planted, or planting, with tare or eddy root, yams, &c. fmall rills, in picaiing meanders, con- tinually watered the taro plantations. Thefc roots arc pbntcd. fome in fquare or oblong patches, which lie horizontal, and are funk below the level of the adjacent land, by which means they can let into them, as much wati r as they thmk requilitc. Others arc planted in ridges, about four feet broad, and three high. On the top of the ridge is a narrow gutter, for conveying the little rills to the roots. The plantations are laid out with fuch judgment, th.-'t the fame ftream waters fe- veral ridges. Thefe are fometimes the boundaries to the horizontal plantations, and where this method is ufcd, which is frequently done for the benefit of a path way, not an inch of ground is loft. Some of the roots arc better taftcd than others ; nor arc they all of the fame colour; but they are all wholefome food. Ihe tops are eaten by the natives, and wc thought them ptiod greens. The whole family, men, women, and children, work in thefe plantations. Having now fully fatitficd our curiofity for the prefent, w c returned on board, when the captain ordered all the boats to be hoifted in, thaj we might be ready to fet fail, and put to fta. - The inhabitants of this country arc ftrong, robuft, aftive, friendly, courteous, and not addicSfed to pil- firiug, as all other nations are in this fea. They have in general better features than the natives of Tanna, and are a much ftoutcr race ; but in fome we faw a re- fcmblanceof the negroes, having thick lips, Hat nofes, and full cheeks. Their hair and beards are black. The former is very rough and frizzled ; and frequently wants fcratching, for which they have a well contrived inilniment, wearing it always in their rough mop heads. It is a kind of comb made of fticks of hard wood, from fcven to nine inches long, and about the ihitkncfs of a knitting needle. Twenty of thefc, fome- tinicj fewer, are faftcned tt^ether at one end, parallel ■ and nearly one tenth of an inch from each other. No. 11. The dther chds, that arc a little pointed, fpread but like the fticks of a fan. Sonic have their hair tied up in cldbS, and (Others, as well as the women, wear it crdpptd ftibrt. They alfo \)vear their beards cropped in the famt manhcr. They art n^uch fiibjedi td fwelicd and ulcerated fcgs, particularly the men, as alfo to a fwelling bf the fcf-otum. When thty go out iri their ca- noes, and when unemployed, they wear a coarfe kind of matting, of their own manufadure, aind tht mcri of note have i ftifV, cylindHcal black cap, which ap- peared to bt a capital orndmertt, and mark of diftinc- tion among tticm. The drcfs of their women is d fhort petticoat, nradc of the leaves of the plantain! tree; faftened by a cord found their waifts. This is at leaft fix inches thick, but riot 6ne longer than neceffary for the ufe defigned. The outer filaments are dyed black; and the right fidfc is ornamented with pearl oyfter- Ihells. Both fexcs ire aidorned with caf-rings, neck- laces, dmulets, and brxelets, made of large (liells, which are placed above the elbow. Various parts of their bf)dieS are pundured. They appear to be a race between the natives of Tanna, and thofe of the Friendly Iilandsy and they bear fome refcinbfance to thofe oi New Zealand; their language, in fome re- fpeds, appears tb be colledcd from thtfe three coun- tries. In honefty and a friendly difpofition, they cer- tainly excel all others. However, notwithftanding this, they muft fometimes bp enfciged in war, other- wife they would not be fo m ell provided as they are, with weapons of varibus forts. Their clubi are near three feet in length, and varioijAy formed, foriieVvith heads l.kc an hawk, others v^ith round heads. They are all made very neatly. Their darts and fpears" are orna- mented with carvinp. They take fome pairls to ftiape the Itoncs for their flings, which are in the form of art egg, only pointed alike at both ends. In ftriking fifh with a dart, they are very dexterous, which wc believe is the only tnethod they have of catching them, for wc faw neither hooks nor lines in their polTefTion. Their tools are much the fame as in the other iflands. They build their houfcs circular, refembling a bee-hive, and lull as clofe and warm ; into which they enter by a fquare opening, juft big enough to admit a man uport his knees. The roof is lofty and brought to a point at top J the fide walls are five feet and a naif high ; both roof and fides arc covered with thatch, made of coarfe long grafs. On the top of mbft oi their dwellings is a wooden port, which is generally ornamented either with carving, or (hells, or both. Within are platforms for the conveniency of laying any thing on, and in foma bouics are two floors, one above the other. On the floors dry grafs is laid, and mats are fpread for the prin- cipal people to fleep, or (it on. In moft of them we found a fire burning, and in fome two fire places, but they are very fmoaky and hot, having no chimney, nbr vent (or the fmoak but the door ; an atmofphere w hich to Europeans muft be very difagreeable, and as to our- felves we could fcarcely endure it a moment ; but with refpcd to the natives, the fmoke is a neceffary evil, as it prevents the mufquitoes from molefting them, and thefc are very numerous. Their houfes are better cal- culated for a cold than a hot climate ; and it is owing to their internal heat, that thefe people are fo chilly when in the open air, and w ithout cxcrcife. Wc often faw them make little fires at different places, and fquat down round them, only to warm themfelves. In fome particulars their houfes are very neat ; for befides the ornaments at top, w c faw fome w ith carved door-pofts* There are not any partitions in them,confcquently they cannot have any of our ideas that make privacy ne- ccfllu-y. They cook their viduals in the open air, without doors i and the earthen jar, before mentioned^ feems to be the only article of their houftiold utenfils worth notice. In this they bake their roott and fifln They ufe three or five Hones, in the form of a fugar- loaf, to keep the jars from refting on the fire, and that it may burn the better. On thefc the jars lie in.» clined on their fides ; and three flones are fcr bnc jar, five for two. Ilhc ftoncs are fixed in the grrAnd, and their iwinted ends are about half a foot alwt'e ;iicrur- 3 Y face. •i «•'. 178 Capt. C O O K's VOYAGES C O M P L E T E. face. Water is their only liquor, and their fubfillancc is on fifli. roots, and the bark of a certain tree, which lall they roaft before they chew it. Some of our peo- ple leemcd to rclilh the tafte of it, which is fwcetand infipid. Their fruit trees do not yield much fmit. Plantains arc not in abundance j fugar canes and bread- fruit arc very fcarce ; and the cocoa-nuts are but thinly planted. Notwithlhnding nature has. been rather fcanty in her favours to the ill.ind, it is not thinly peopled on the fca court, and in the valleys that (ire cajuble of cultivation. We iUw, it is true, great nirttibtrs of the natives every day, but hc believe they came ♦Voni all parts on our account. Down the coaft, to the weft, there arc but few inhabitants, but from the calt, they came daily in large bodies, over the mountains, to vifit lis. We nuift, however, confefs, that what parts of this countiy \vc faw, are not (it to fupport many inha- bitants, moll of thcfe being barren rocky mountains, the grafs growing on which is ufelefs to people who have no cattle. The fca, perhaps, may copipenfate for the ftcrility of the land. A coaft encircled with reefs and ilioals, cannot fail of affording a plentiful fupply of filli. Our botanical party did not complain iiir want of cniploynient. They obferved levcral plants, common to the caflern and northern illands; and, among other productions, difcovered the tree, the bark ot which, bemg cafily peeled oH', is ufed in the I'jil-Iniiies for caulking ot (hips. The bark is foft, whicc, and rag;.^cd j the wood very hard; the leaves long and narrow, in colour, of a pale deail green, anil in i'mell, a fine aromatic. They found alio a fpe- cics of the palfion Hower, which, we are inlormed has never before been known to grow wild any where but m America. Of the land birds, which are very nume- rous, we law fcveral to us unknown, as a kind of tur- tle doves, very beautiful, many finall birds, and one rcfembiing a crow, though much fmaller, and its lea- thers arc tuigcd with blue. We endeavoured, but in vain, to obtain the name of the whole illand ; but we got the names of feverat dilbicts, with thofe of their chiefs. Balade was the name of the dillrict we were at, antl Tea Booma the chief. Tea is a title prefixed to the names of all, or moft of their great men. The captain's friend, by way of diftinction, called him Tea Cook. Their canoes arc very clumfy, though fome- what like thofe of the Friendly Ifles. Moll of them are double canoes. 'I'hey arc navigated by one or two lat:cen fails. The fail is made of pieces of matting ; the ropes of the coarfc filaments of the plantain tree. They I'ail well, but are not calculated for rowing or paddling. They arc about thirty feet long, and the deck or platform, about twenty-four in length, and ten in breadth. bi our traific with thcfe people, fmall nails were of little value, nor did they admire beads, look- ing-glalles, &c. and even a hatchet was not fo valuable as a fpiku nail. Their women here as well as at Tanna, arc very chulte, and we never heard, that one of our people ever obtained the leaft favour from any one of them. Indeed their ladies would foinetimes divert theinfelvcs by going a little afide with our gentlemen, as if they meant to be kind, and then would in a mo- ment run away laughing at them. Thcfe people dc- polit their dead in the ground. Some of our gentle- men faw a grave, refeinbling one of Roman tumuli, in which, they were informed lay the remains of a chief, flain in battle. Round his grave fpears, darts, and paddles, w ere (luck upright in the ground. On Tucfday, the 13th of Sejptembcr, at fun rife, wc weighed, and ftood for the fame channel wc came in by. At half part feven wc were in the middle of it, w hen the ifle of Balabea bore W. N. W. As foon as we were clear of the reef, we bore up along the outfide of it, (leering N. W. by W. as it trended. At noon the ifland of Balabea bore S. by W. didant about four leagues; and at three o'clock P. M, it bore S, by E. half E. From this place the reef inclined to the N. and then to N. W. Advancing to N. W, we raifed more land, fo that Mr. Gilbert was miflaken, and did not fee the extremity of the coaft. At five thi« land '& bore W. by N. half N. diftant near fevcn leagues. On the i4ln, the reef Hill trended N. W. along which wc (leered, with a light breeze, at E. S. E. At noon we had lo(l fight of Balabea, and at three o'clock, wi; run by a low Tandy ifle, the fpace between which, and the north-wellernmoft land was (Ircwed with (lioals. At fun-fet, we could but jufl fee the land, w hich bore .S. W. by S. about ten leagues diflc-lnt. No land was fcen to the wedward of this diredlion ; the reef too trended away W. by N. and from the mail-head fecnicd to icrminate in a point j fo that every appf.irance tlat- tcrcd our cxpcdtations, and induced us to believe, that we (hould foon get round the (lioals. On the 1 5th, fee- ing neither land nor breakers, we bore away N. W. by \\. but the Ihoals (lill continuing, we plied up for a clear fca to the S. E. by doing which, we did but |uft weather the point of the reef wc had palfed the prece- ding evening. To render our (ituation the more dan- gerous, the wind began to fail us ; in the afternoon it fell a calm ; and wc were left to the mercy of a great fwcll, fetting diredly for the reef, which was not more than a Iciguc from us. The pinnace and cutter were hoilled out to tow the fliip, but they were of little fcr- vice. At feven o'clock, a light air at N. N. E. kept her head to the fca ; and on the 16th, at eleven o'clock A. M. we hoilled in the boats, and made fiil to S. K. A tide or current had been in our favour all night, and w as the catife (uni'cr (lod) of our getting fo unexpectedly clear of the fhoals. On Tucfday the 20th, at noon, Cape C'olnet bore N. 78 deg. W. dillant fix leagues. I'Kmi hem e the land extended round by the S. to K. S. K. till It was loll in the horizon, and the couiury ap- peared variegated with many hills and valleys. Wc Hood in fl.uie tiil fun-fct, when wc were about tlin'c leagues off. 'I'uo fmall illots lay diflant from us live miles, and otitis lay between us and the fliore. The eouiury was mountainous, and had much the fame a'."- pciit as about Balade. On the iifl, wc found ourlelvcs about fix leagues from thccoall. On iTic 2zd, wc Hood ill for the land, which at noon extended tVoai N. 7S deg. W. to S. 31 deg. half }•'.. round by the S. I he coall^, in this lull direction, leemcd to trend more to the S. in a lofty |'l mmm i % iBIHr ' "ii: i ifjf ;5l{{i||{|j{||l,{|{{||'i 2 ^ I.: l!!!lf»|«l • ' -If !■ -'.iPil l':|il'!! COOK'S SECOND ' '^ VAUE— fonnakingDilcoverics in thi: Houf A Seas &i komd the fFor/t/. '79 large ifland by breakers. The Ikirts ol this illaail wire covered with the elevations before intiitioiKd, vhich had much the appearance of tall pines, and therefore the captain named the illand from them. The round hill on the S. VV. lide may He fccn fourteen leagues oil'. This iflc of pir\e« is about a mile m circuit, in latitude 52 dcg. 38 min. S.and in i67deg. 4omin, K. Having niadc two attempts to weather thi.' illand before fun-fct, »ith no better futxels tiian before, we (Iretchcd oil' till midnight. On the 28th, at day-break, we found Ourfclves I'evcral leagues to windward of the ifle of Pinci. Thecoalt from theS. I'., round by the Couth to the weft, we faw was llrcwed with fand banks, breakers, »nd fiiiail low ides. VVc ranu'ci! t!ic outlide of ihcfe at neaily a k;i(;iie dif'ante, anil as uc i^aired foine others appcarrd , lo that they Ice mid to form a chain extend- ing to the iiks that lie oil' the I'oreiand. In thr after noon, we llci red N. VV. by \V. w itii .1 fine gale at ealf, with xvi(W of fa! iing in wah the land 1 but we difco- vcrcd cwoiow illots, iKJring W. liy S. They were cnn- neded by breakers, which I'ecined to jdin thofe on nur (larboard ; on which account we to;md it neceHary to haul oti' S. W. to get clear of them .'ill. At three o'clock P. M. more breakers appeared, whi(h tVorn tlu; tnaft head were i'ccn to extend as far as call-loiuii 1 and from the fmoothncl's of tlic lia, we coniectiircd, th,a they might alio extend to the north-eall ; In that wewerc in a maniur furroundcd with them. I laving imdc a iLort trip to N. N. \i. wc Hood again to tiie fouth, and again had the alarnmi'^ light of a lea tiiil of llioaU, wiiicli we coulJ only cliar by returning in the tiack we came helbie. Weii.kid aj-ain nearly in the fame place, and then andiorri in a l>rong gale, in a bottrni of fine land, having a i hain of breakers to the Itevwud. We fjK'nt the nifjit m making (hort board* OMT the known fpacc we had iiavcifrd in the day ; hut under the uneafy apprelniiiions of being in the moll imminent danger. Thi-; was veiy evident on the 2(>th. at da; -light, whuh flieued our fear? wtie not ill- founded, having had br akers continually under our Ice, and at a very little dillance from u ;, I he people on the forfcallk' and Ice gan/^"ay, faw breakers muter Ihc Ice bow, which we avoulccl by ([uickly tat king. \Vc now kept a gooil look out, and managed the (lup brilklv, but after all the mol> priidtntial entlea\(iuis on our part, we mull ufcribe glory to (jod, bt ing fully conMUccd, that we owed our fafcty and prefcrvation.to the intcrpotition (if a Divine Pro\idence. C'.ipt. ( nok was now inclined to quit this dangerous coafl, bur, how- ever, he refolvcd firll to fee what thofe tries «erc, which had been the fubject of our fpeculations, and concerning which many contrary opinions had been nuintained. Hefides, In- thought the difcovery might be ulctul to hiiurc navirators. IJcing now bi:t a few- miles dirtant frotn the low itlands leing otl the I'oreland, iiicnfioned in our journil on the .lah inllant, we bore dowiwo that which was nearelV to us. As we ap- proached, wc pcrreivcd it wa; unconnsc'ted with the neighbejurirvg Ihoals, and thou^^ht wc might get to an- chor undfr its wefl and le*' ft )'•. Having hauled there- f)re round the point of the net", "e attem|)ted to ply to windward ; but another reef to the north, which formed a narrow channel, througli which ran a current apiirUt us, reiuU'rcd thisaircmpt fiuitlefs. Wc there- fore anchored in tlii -ty-.-ic fathoms water, ;ibout a hiile from the illand, and ha\ ing hoided out the boat, fcnt a partv on lliore, sccompanied by the botanifts, who found the trees to he a (ort of fprucc pines, very proper for fpars, of which we were very much in want. The carpenter and his crew, after dinner, were fent afliore, to cut down fuch trees as would bed anfwcrour purpofe. While this work was d(«t!ig, Capt. Cook took down the bearings of the fevcral circumjacent lands, 8jc. The hill on the ifle of pines bore S. 59 deg. 30 min. E. the low point of Queen Charlotte's Foreland north 14 deg. jo min. W. the high land ahove it, fcen over two low illes, north, 20 deg. W. and the moll advanced point of land to the weft, bore W. half a point S, diltant fcvcn'le.icucs. This point the captain. named the Prince of Wales's Foreland. It lies m latitude 22 deg. ao mm. .S. and in 166 deg. 57 rnin. K. lonjritudc: when firft feen above the horizon, ' by reafim of its height, it looks like an ifland. The true direiftioii of the coafl from the I'oreland to thi» I)oint, had been afccrfained from feveral bearings. Ol this fniall Iflc, \>hich ii not tiuitc a mile m cir- cmiifcience, gre>v, hclides the pinci, a variety of other trees, fiirulvs, and pbnt«j and thefe having fufliciently employed the but uiifh during our flay, on thi, account the raptaiii named the lirtlc itland Hotanv lllc. Wc (aa lure feveral pigeons, doves, and watei ihakcs, dif- lercnt Iiomi :my we had fcenj likewilc- a liauk of the (»me kind as our Knglifh fifliiig hawks. A number of lirc-|)lace,s, iind loine lemauu of turtle, were lign;of people having lately vifiieil this pl;ce. In the fan'd lay the uieek ol a canoe, exactly ol'the fai.iemakeas thole wc had t\\:n at Iklaile; and we now were convinced, that of tliefe pines they made their canoes. .Some of thefe trees mcal'ured ?o'inches in diameter, were 70 feet Ion;';, an. I waild have fervcd very well for a forcnuft, had we wanted one. .As trees of To large a fize arc the produce of to fmnll a f'pot. it is reafon'ablc to fup- pofe, that larger onts aic the growth of the inain. Thi.s diliovdv may be valuable to futui, navigators; for cveept New Zealand, wc know of no illand in the l'a'.;ilic (K ean, where a fliip can be li!p[)licd with a mall: or yard. Wire lla.- ever fo iiuich dillieired for want of one. This was tli<- opinion of oui i arpcnier, who was both niall -maker and fhipv/right in IXpiloid-vard. Thele inrs llioot out rheir branches fmaller and il-.orter tlian other pines, fo i!iat when wrought for ufe their knots dilappear. We v)b:cr\cd that the largell had the llioriill branches, and were crowned at the top with .i head !:ke a bulli. The wood is white, clofc grained, ti!i:ph, yet l:(;ht. Turpentine had oo/ed out of nioll of ihe trees, wiuih the fun had formed into rolin. This was found aillnrin;; to the trunk.s, and laying about liie roots. Thelirci are produced in corns. We found luivamtlu'- Imail lue or ilirub, of the I'piuce fir kind: alio a kiml of ll urv)-gnifs, ;..! a plant which, when I'oiled, c.u like fpinr.agc. The purpofe being an- fwered tiir which we landed on this illand, the cap- t"n determined not to hazard the lliip down to lec- w .1(1, but ton/ to get to the (oi:thward of the flioals. 'J he evtent of this S. W. coall had been ahcadv pretty well I'etermincd; a more accurate fi!r\e\ might bcar- tendiil with gn^it rilk and many dangers; it was too ia.e lo let up ami 1 ni !oy the frame of the little vclFel we had on board, and Ihould the Kefolution be hcmnicci in, wc might by that means lole the proper Ceafon lor ;.',eitin;^ to the foiith ; thefe icaf(Mis mduced iheCaptain to make fome trips to weather the flsoals to the lee- ward ol 15otanv Il'.e. 13ut when this was thou^rht to be < fVccled, On 1 riday the joth, at three o'cloi k V. M. it fell calm, th'.- fwell, allificil by the current, fet us faft towaiils the breakers, whii h were yet in fight to the S, W. but at ten o'clock a breeze Ipringing up, wc ftcered \\. S. E. not ventc.ring farther Ibuth till day light. On Saturday Oclobcr the ifl, wc had a very ftrong wind at S. S. W. attended by a great lea, fo that we had reafon to rejoice at having got clear of the llioals before this gale overtook us. We were now obliged toftrctch to the S. E. and at noon were out of fight of land. On the 2d, in the afternoon, wc had li;;le wind, and a great fwell ; but at eleven, a trcfli breeze Ipringing up, we HhkI to the fouth. V\'e were now in the latitude of2 jdeg. t8 n^in.and in 169 deg. 49 min. E. longitude. On the 3d, at eight o'l lock A. M. we had a ftrong gale w ith fijualls from the S. W. and the Captain laid afideall thoughts of returning to the land wc had left. Nor could fuch an attempt be thought a prudent one, w hen we conlider, that we had a vail ocean yet to ex- plore to the fouth 1 that the fliip was alicady in want of neccllary flores ; that fummer was approaching very faft, and that any conlldcr.iblc accident might detain us from purf'uing the great objcdl of this voyage another year. Thus neccllity compelled us tf> leave a coafl, for the firft time, which wc had difcovcrcd, but not fully explored. [I'n'^ I- ii'i^-f 1V' lii'SJ i8o Capt. C O O K '8 V O Y A O !• S COMPLETE. ii cxploml. The captain named it New Catcdnnia, ami in hi* opinion, it is next to New Zealand, t)i\c largoU Slland in the South Pacific Ocean, the extent is froni latitude 19 deg. ,\-j niin.to la deg. \o inin.S. and from longitude i6} deg. 37 min. to 167 deg. 14 min. E. It lies nearly N. W. h.ilf W. and S.E. half L. and is about 87 leagues long, but its breadth docs not any where exceed 10 leagues. It here muft be noted, that in the extent given to this idand, is included the broken oruiuonncacd lands to the N. W. On Thurrday the 6th, wc continued our courfe to New Zealand, with this view we failed S. S. E. having a blowing frefli gale, but at noon it fell calm. At this time we found ourftlves by obfervation, in latituclc 27 deg. 50 min. S. and in 171 deg. 4J min. E. longi- tude. During the calm, which continued all this day, the carpenters were employed in caulking the decks. 'Ihis Wis done with varnilh of pine, covered with coral fund, as they had neither pitch, tar, nor roiin left. The experiment with rcfpcd to the cement, far exceeded their expectations. In the afternoon, two albatrolfes were (liot, which, at this time, wc thought equally goo ing to us in Shag Cove ; but when we landed, and drew neartothcir habitations, they all Hed, except two or three men, who maintained their ground, with their weapons in their hands. The moment wc landed they knew u>, and their fears fubfided. Thofe who had fled returned from the woods, embraced us over and over again, and exprc(rcd their joy at feeing us, by jumping and dancing in a frantic manner 1 but the men would not futfcr fome women wc faw at a difVance to come near us. We made them prefcnts of hatchets and knives, and in return they gave us a quantity of fi(h they had juft caught. The next morning they brought us more fi(h, which they bartered forOuheitean cloth. We afi^ed them on what account thev were afraid of us, and alfo what was become of our old friends .' To thefe quefiions we got no fatisfadory anfwers; but t'ley talked much about killing, which was varinully underflood by us. On Wednefday the 26th, fome r,f the natives went to the tents, and told our people, that a (hip like ours had lately been \ott, that fonK of the men landed at \'anna Aroa, near Terrawhitle, on the other fide the (Irait; that a difpute happened between them and the natives ; that feveral of the latter were fliot ; and that the natives got the etter of them when they could fire no longer, and both killed and ate them. One of the rclatcrs of this llran^c tale, faid it was 20 or 30 days ago ; but another laid it w as two moons linee, and dekribcd, as well as he could, in what manner the fiiip was beat to pieces. The following day they told the fame fiory to others, which made the captain, and in- deed all of us, very uneafy about the Adventure, but when the captain enquireil himfelf, and endeavoureil to come at the truth of thefe reports, the very people who raifcd them, denied every fyllablc of w hat they had faid, and fecmcd wholly ignorant of the matter; fb that wc began to think the whole relation had reference only to their own people and boats. On the 28th, we again went on (liorc, but found no appearance of the hogs and fowls wc had left behind. Having been a (liooting to the weft bay, in our return wc gut fome liHi from the natives COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Dijioverift In the Soath Seas k Rmmil tlie f^jrU. 1.8 1. nativcj for a few triHins prelents. A» we came back, fomc of the party thought they heard a pi({ fqurak in the wooiis. ^We Ihoi this day a^ucxi nwny wild fowl ;mJ final! bmli. On the ji(t, it was foincwhat re- markable that all the natives left ut. Tiicfday, the ift of November, wc were vifited bv a nunilH.r of Grangers, who came from up the found. '1 he principal article of trade they brought with them was irrecn Hone, fome of which were the largcll pieceu wc had ever feen. On the 3d, a large black fow was fecn by the botanizing party, which wc difcovcred to be the fame that Capt. Furncaux left behind him. Suppoling it en be a hoar we carried over to Long Ifland a fow. but feeing our milhikc, wc brought her back. This incident atlorded us fome hopes, tnat this ifland in time will be (locked with fuch ufeful aninuls. Lieutenant I'ickcrfgill was told the fame ftory by one of the na- tives, of a (liip having been loft, but the man de- dared, though nuny people were killed, it was not by iheni. On the iif H P. VIII. Tl.'e Departurr of the Rr/olut ion from Ni-.v Zealand— Her pelage from btnte to Terra del Fuego — 7be run from Cape Dt- ftada to (.hrijimas Sound — The con ft difiribed — Incidents and tranfaffions in the Sounds— A defcription of the country, and an hifiorical account of the inhaiiiants—Tbe Refotuti$n departs frotn Chrijlmas Sound — Doubles Cape Horn — Herpalfagt thrngbftrail U Maire, and round Staten Ijland—A harbour in this iffie difcmxred—Tbe coafts defcribed— Geographical Ohft'rvaticns — Remarks «« ijlands, and the animals found in them, near Staten Land — Departurefrom Staten ijland — Ntui- tical obfervatms — The ifland of Georgia difcwered, and a d((fcriptive account of the fame. , , ,..; f, ., . THURSDAY, Nov. 10, at day-break, weweighcd and failed from Queen Charlotte's Sodnd, in New Zealand, having a fine breeze at W. N. W. All No. ai. our fails being fet, wc got round the Two Brothers, and (Iretchcd for Cape Campbell, at the S. W. entrance of the ftrait. We paffed this at four o'clock P. M. diftant 2 Z five -Milii ^taaiH^i 182 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMpLETE. five leagues, and thert ftecrcd S. S. E. half E. On the nth, at fcvcn o'clock P. M. Qipe Pallifcr bore N. half W. didant (ixteen leagues, from which Cape, for 'he third time, we took our departure. We now fteered S. bf £. in order to get into the latitude of 54 or 5< c]eg. Capt. Cook's intention being to crofs this va(t ocean in thefc parallels, hoping by this courfe to pafs over thofe parts, which, the preceding fummer, were left unexplored. On the 12th, A. M. we were in la- titude 43 deg. 13 min. 30 fee. S. and in 176 deg. 41 min. E. longitude, v hen we faw an uncominon Hfhot' the whale kind ; and, in the afternoon, the Pintado Pe- tcrels began to appear. On the 13th, at feven in the evening, we hauled up towards a fog bank, which we took for land ; after which wr fteered S. E. by S. and faw a feal. At noon, by obfervation, we found our latitude to be 44 deg. 25 min. S. longitude 177 deg. 3 1 min. E. On the 1 4th, wc faw another feal in latitude 4j deg. 54 min. and 1 79 deg. 29 min. E. long. On the I j th, ha ving palTed the great meridian of 1 80 deg. E. which divides the globe into two equal parts, wc be- gan to reckon our longitude weft of Greenwich. At noon our latitude obfcrved was 49 dec. 33 min. longi- tude 1 7j deg. 3 1 min. W. On "rhurlaay the 1 7th, wc faw a leal, fome penguins, and pieces of fca weed. On the 1 9th we were in latitude 53 deg. 43 min. and on the 20th, at noon, in latitude 54 deg. 8 min. longi- tude 162 deg. 18 min. W. Monday, the 21ft, we fteered S. E. by S. and at noon wc faw abundance of blue petercis, in latitude 55 deg. 31 min. longitude 160 deg. 29 min. On the 22d, at noon our latitude by ob- fcr>'ation was 55 deg. 48 min. longitude 156 deg. 56 min. \V. In the afternoon, having a light breeze at S. S. E. we f*"ercd caft, northerly ; and, in the night, was a faint fppearance of the Aurora Auftralis, On the >3d, we were in latitude 55 deg. 46 min. S. longitude T56 deg. 13 min. W. when a treih gale blew from the vcft, and we fteered now E. half N. On the :6th, wc wen- in latitude 55 deg. t min. S. and in 14S deg. 10 min. W. longitude. On Sunday, the 27th, we fteered caft, having a fteady frefh gale ; and at noon, were in latitude 1; 5 deg. 6 min. S. and in 138 deg. 56 min. W. longitude. Jn this parallel, not a hope remained of finding any more land in the fouthern PacificOccan. We rcfolved therefore to ftccr for the weft entrance of the ftraights of Maghcllan, with a view of coafting the fouth lide ef Terra del Fucgo, round Cape Horn, to ti". .Strait Lc Mairc. Wc tnought this track might be an ad- vantage to navigation and geography, as the world is little ucquaintcowith that fliore. In the afternoon wc had fqually weather, which carried away our top-gaU Lmt mart. On the 28th A. M. the bolt rope of the main top-fail broke, whereby the fail was fplit. The ropis, to our fquare fails cfpccialty, arc not of a lizc and Ibcngth fufficient to wear out the canvafs. At noon wc were in latitude 55 deg. ;o deg. S. and in 134 deg. 16 min. W. longitude. On the iQih, the wind abated j and on the 30th, at 8 o'clock P. M. the wind veering to N. E. w c tacked, and ftood to E. S. E. We were now in latitude 55 deg. 12 min. S. and in Til deg. 45 anin. W. longitude. Several albatroflcs and peterels u ere fecn. On Thurfday, the ift of December, at 3 o'clock P. M. it fell a calr.i, but at a'LKJUt fcven, we got a wind at S. E. with which we Hood N. K. On the 5th. a fine gale at fouth, enabled us to ftcer caft, with very little deviation to the north ; and the wind now altering to S. W. and blowing afteady gale, we continued to ftecr caft, inclining a little to fouth. At fix o'clock in the evening, we were in latitude 53 deg. 8 min. and in 1 1 5 deg. 58 min. W. longitude. C)n the 6th, we had fome fnow fliowers ; and on Wedncfday, the 7th, a fine plea- fant gale, with ftiowers of rain. On the 9th, at noon, we found ourfelves by obliirvjtion, in latitude 53 deg. 37 min. and in 103 deg. 44 min. weft longitude. The wind veered now to N. E. and afterwards come infen- flbly round to the fouth by the E. and S. E. On the lotli we paftcd a fniall bed of fri weed, in letimdc 54 deg. longitude » 02, deg, 7 iptn. W. Or)i,the ?hJ'. ^c fteered E. half a point N, and on the 1 2th, at fix iti the evening, wc were in latitude 53 deg. 3^ min, lon- gitude 95 deg. 52 min. W. Miny and various fortsof albatrofl'es were hovering abotit the Ihip. On Monday, the 1 2th, wc had a calm which contiriued till mid- night, when a breeze imm the fouth fixing at weft, we fteered caft. On the 1,4th, in the morning, we found the variation of the compafs to be 13 deg. 25 min. E. in latitude 53 d^. 25 min, longitude 87 deg. 53 min. W. which increaled in fucha manner, that on the 1 5th, in the latitude of 53 deg. 30 min. longitude 82 deg, 23 min. W. it was 170 E, This day we faw a penguin; and on the 1 6th, a feal, and fome diving pctcrels. On Saturday the 1 7th, the variation increaled to 2 1 deg. 38 min. being in latitude 53 deg. 16 min.-S. and in 75 deg. 9 min. weft longitude, ml this day we fteered eaft by Tiorih, and caft naif north, under all the fails wc cjuld carry, in hopes of feeing the land before nigltt ; but not making it till ten o'clock, we fteered eul\, in order to make fur« of falling in with Cape Do- ieada. Atmidnight wc made the land, extending from X, E, by N. to E.byS. about fix leagues diftanc; upon leeing which we brought to with the (hip's head to the fuurh. Having founded, wc found feventy-fivc fathoms water, the bottom good. The land before us we concluded to be the weft coaft of Terra del Fucgo, near the \icft cntranccof the ftraights of Maghellan. This bcinr the firft run made by Capt. Cook in a high fouthern I titiidc, we have been very particular in noting all materiar circumftances wc could colled together 1 this courfe the weather had been neither unufiwlly ftoriny, nor cold. Before we arrived in the latitude of 50 deg, the mercury in the thermometer fell grailu- ally from lixty to fifty ; and in the latitude of 55 itig. it was generally between foity-feven and forty-tivt ; once or twice it fell to forty-three, Thcfc oblcrN.i- tions were made at noon. We had now entirely kit the fouthern Pacific Ocean, and we trull the woild will give our captain fome credit for having wdl i \- plored the fame j nor could, in our opinion, morch.iM- been done towards obtaining that end, in otic vovngo, than h.18 been effedcd in this. We mull not omit lo ohlcrve, that foon .ifter we left New Zealand, Mr. Wales contrived, and lixcd up an inllrumcnt, whitli mcafiircd witli !j;r(at .iccuracy, the angk the fliip lolii;! in, when failing Urge, and in a great fca ; and thai m whuh Ihr l.ny dovvn, or iKtlcii, when failing uyxm a wiiiil I'hc greatell angle he dhftrvcd ilu- Kiliiliiiinii to roll, the (ea at the time not being unul'ually hi^li, was 3 K deg. On .Sunday, the 1 8th, we made fail, and (leered S. E. by E. along the coaft. Near a league from ilie main is a high ragged ide, which wc called L^andtall. At four o'clock A. M. we were N. and S. of the hiiili land of Cape Defeada, diftant nine leagues ; but faw none of the low rocks faid to lie oft" it. 'I'his ci>pc Ium in latitude 53 deg. S. arul in 74 deg. 40 iii'.i. w . lon- gitude. We continued to range the coaft, and at eleven o'clock, we piiffed a projediing point, having a round furface, and of confiderable height, to which wcga\c the name of Cape Gloucefter. It has the appearanrc of an iltand, ana is fituated S. S. L. half E. levcntcia leagues from the iflc of Landfall, Between thefc iii« coaft forms two bays, ftrewed with rocky illots, rotks^ and breakers. The coaft appeared unconnected, a.s it formed of a number pf iflands. The land is vciy mountainous, ro< ky, and barren, but in fome places covered with tufts of wood, and patches ol fnow. !■ rem Cape Gloucel^cr, the dircrtion of the coaft is nearly S. E. but to Cape Noir, for which we fteered, the courfe is S. S. E. At noon Cape Gloucefter bore north, diftant eight miles, and the moft advanced point of land bore S, E. by S. diftant fcven leagues. At three o'clock wr paffcd Cape Noir, lituated in latitude 54 deg. 30 • lin. S, and in 73 deg. 33 min. W. longitude. Wnen at a diftance, the land of the cape appeared tg be an iflai ,1 disjoined, but upoji a nearer approach we found it (on•^eded by a low neck of land. Two rocks lie at the poioi of the Cape, the one pointed like a fugar-ljmf, the other not fo high, with a rounder fur- face; COOK'S SECONd VOYAGE— for mailing Difcoveriei in the South Seas & Round ih^mrlJ. 1 83 fece; and two leagued from the Cape are two rocky iflots, S. by E. After pafTing thefe lift, wc crofled the great bay of St. iBarbara, fteerinf E. S. E. The land at the bottom of it, which we juft perceived, could not be lefs than fevcn leagues off. We obferved a fpace, in the dircdlion of E. N. E. frOm Cape Noir, where not any land was to be feen ! this may be the channel of St. Barbara, which opens intd the ftr^ights of Maghel- lan, as mentioned by Frazier ; with whofe dcfcription wc found the cape to agree very well. On the 1 9th, at two o'clock A. M. we pafTed the S. E. point of the bay of St. Barbara, which the Captain called Cape Defolation, on account of the country near it, being the mod defolate and barren that ever was feen. ft lies in latitude (4 deg. 5$ min. S. and in 72 dcg. 1 2 min. W. longitude. To the eaft of the Cape about four leagues, and at the mouth of a deep inlet, is a pretty large ifland, and fome others lefs conftdera- blc. In latitude $ 5 dcg. 30 min. S. we were three leagues from an idand, which Capt. Cook named Gil- bert Iflc, after his mafter. Its uirfacc is compofcd of fevcral unequal peaked rocks, nearly of the fame height with the reft of the coaft. S. E. of this ifle are breakers, and fonic fmallcr idands. Scarcely any profpedl can appear with a more barren and favage afpcift, than the whole of tiiis country ; which is compofed of rocky luouiitains, without a fingic trace of vegetation to en- liven or var)- the fienc. The mountains of the coaft tcniiinatcin horrible precipices, whole craggy fumniics tower to a vaft height; and thofe tha :>i'. inland are covered with fnow; but the former are not. The firlt wc judged to beiop'; to the main of Terra del Fucpo, and the !aft to be illanjs, which to appearance formecl a coall. Having rn:i(.lea Ihort trip to the fou'.h, we ftood in for land, the ncarcrt point of which in light, bore c;ill ten kaj^ies. It is a lofty promontory, E. S. E. from Gilbert Illc, in latitude 55 dcg. 26 min. S. and in 70 deg. ^5 min. W. longitude. I'Vom our prefent point of view, it tcnninated in two high tower;, and within them, a hill flupcd like a fu 15a r loaf. To this rock we gave the name of York Minftcr. To the wclt- waril of this head land, about two leagues, we tiifcovcred a brge inlet, the weft yiomt of which we fetched in with ; •nd tacked in 41 fathon\s water, not more than half a Icapiic from the fliorc. To the weftward of this inlet we faw another, with fcveral iflands at its cntramo. On Tuefday the 20th, we perceived the lliip to drive oft'the fliorc out to fea; which wc attributed to a cur- rent J for by the melting of the fnow, the inland waters will occalion a ftream to run out of moft of thefe in- lets. In the evening, a breeze fpringing up at E. by S. wc ftooii in for the land, being dcfirous of entering one of the many ports, in order to take a view of the coun- try, and to recruit our llock of wood and water. In ftamliiv^ In for an opening, apparently on the eaft fide of York Minller, we founded in 40 and 60 fathoms water. Our laft foundings were nearly between the two j)oints that form the entrance to the inlet, which we obferved to bianrh out into two arms. Wc flixxi for that to the eaft, as being clear of illots; but upon founding, found no bottom with a line of an 120 ftthonis. In this difagrccablc fituation a breeze 'pring- ingup, our captain rcfolved to ftand up the mlct ; but night approaching, our falety deprmlcd oii cafting anchor, wc therefore continued foun.iing, but always, to our mortification, in an unfathomable depth. We now hauled up under the call-fidc of the land, and feeing a fmall cove, fcnt the boat a- head to found, while wc kcut with the fliip as near the Iliore as pof- fible. The Doat foon returned with the information wc wiflicd for, and wc thought ourfelvcs happy, when wc had anchored in 30 fathoms, in a bottom of fand and broken flicll.s. On the 2 1 ft, a party was fcnt out with two boats, to look for a nwrc fccure ftation. They found a cove above the point under w hich the lliip lay, in which was exceeding gootl anchorage At the head of it was a Honey beach, a valley covered with wood, and a ftream of frclh water ; conveniencies more favourable than wc touid cxpcdl would be found in fuch a place. Here 3 alfo they fliot three geefe out of four. Order's were now difpatched by Lieut. Gierke to remoVc the ftiip into this place, and we proceeded with Capt. Cook in the other boat, farther up the inlet. We now difcovcrcd, that the land we were under, which disjoined the two arms, as mentioned before, was an idand, at the north end of which the two channels united. Wc returned on board, and found every thing in rcadincfs to weigh ; which was done, and all the Mats fcnt out to tow the diip round the point ; but a light breeze ijjringing up, we wereobliged to drop the anchor again, left the fliip Ihould fall upon the poiiu. However, we foon after got round this under our ftay-fails, and anchored in 20 fathoms water. Wc were now ftiut in from the fea by the point above-mentioned, which was in one with the extremity of the inlet to the eaft. Our dif- tancc from ftiore was not more than a third of a mile ; and iflots off the next point above us, covered the ftiip from the N. W. from which quarter the wind had the greateft force. All hands were immediately emplovcd : fome to clear a place to fill water; fome to cut wood, and others to pitch a tent, for the reception of a guard, and Mr. Wales could find no better ftation for his obfervatory than the top of a rock, not exceeding nine feet over. On Thurfday the sad, two parties were fcnt out, one to examine and draw a (ketch of the channel, on the other fide of the idand, and the Captain, attended by the botanifts, to furvey the northern fide of the found. In our way to this latter place, we landed on the point of a low ide covered with herbage, fcveral fpots of which had been lately burnt; thcfo, with a hue we dif-ovcrcd, were figns tha!: rcople were in the neigh- bourhood. From hence we proceeded round the eaft end of Burnt IHand, over to what wo fiippofed to be the main land of Terra del Fuego, where we difcovcrcd a fine harbour, furrounded by high rot ks, down which glided many purling ftrcuns, uud at their feet were fome .uft.s of trees, very fit fiir fuel. Capt. Cook nauivti tills liarlwur the Devil's Balbn. It is divided into ttto parts, an inner and an outer one ; and the com- iiinnlcaiion between them is by a narrow channel five fathoms deep. We found atone time 17 in the outer bafon, and 2[\ in the inner one. This laft is diadcd from the fun in his meridian fplendor, and, though ver\ fee lire, is intolcr.ibly gloomy. The outer harbour has n(tc fo much of this inconvenience, is equally fafc, and racier more commodious. It lies about a mile diftant from the eaft end of Burnt Idand, in the direc- tion north. Wc difcovcrcd other harbours to the weft of this, and found wood for fuel, and frefti water, in or near them all. Before one was a ftream of frclh water, wlilch came out of a large lake, continually fup- plicd by a falling cafcade. The whole country is a barren rock, except the fire wood which grows here, and what we faw of it affords no other vegetation of any kind. But to compenfatc for this dreary fcenc of rtcrility, alx)ut the fea coaft, the all-lwuntiful God of nature has fcattcred many large and final!, but fruitful low idands, the foil of which is a black rotten turf, compofed of decayed vegetables. On one of thefe we faw fcveral huts that had lately been inliabited. Near them was a good deal of celery ; we put as much as we could conveniently flow in our boat, and at fcven o'clock in the evening we returned on board. During our abfcnce a fatal ai cident had befallen one of oui- marines, who had not been feen fincc 1 1 o'clock the preceding night. We fuppofcd he had f ilkn over- board, and was drowned. In this exctirfion wc lliot only one duck, three diags, aid about the fame number of rails or fea-pics. The other party, among whom were Lieutenants Clcrke and Pickerfgill, returned on btoard fome hours before us. On the weft-fide of the other channel, they difcovcrcd a large harbourand one fmallcr, of both which they took Ikaches. On the :3d, Lieut. Pickcrfgill went out to examine the eaft lido of the found, while the Captain proceeded in the pinnace to the weft-fide, w»th a view of going round the idand under w hich the Ihip lay, w hiuh lie called Shag Uland ; and in order to take a furvey of the pffi^-flffli ! W 'S^^ni '^ -'I ifciiJjivl MRff^-fj?^'- ■AMa 184 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. the palTagc leading to the harbours out two lieutenntlts had difcovcrcd the day before. If coming from fca, it is neceffary to leave all the rocks and iflands, lying off and within York Minfter, on the larboard-fide. and the black rock, off the fouth-end of Shag Ifland, on the ftarboard. When abrcaft of the fouth-end of that ifland, wc hauled over for the weft Ihorc, taking care to avoid the beds of weeds, indications of rocks, fomc of which were 12 fathoms under water; but we thought it the fafeft way always to keep clear of them. The entrance into the large harbour, which we called Port Clerk, is to the north of fomc low rocks, lying off a point on Shag Ifland. This harbour lies in W. by S. a mile and a half. It hatb wood and frefti water, and from 12 to 24 fei.homs deep. To the fouthward of Port Clerk, feemcd to be another harbour, formed by a large ifland ; without this, between it and York Minfter, the whole fca appeared ftrewed with iflots, rocks, and breakers. At the fouth end of Shag Ifland the fliags breed in vaft numbers, in the cliffs of the rocks. Wc fhot fome of the old ones, but could not come at the young ones, whjch are by much the beft eating,. We iikcwife brought down three wild gecfc, a Taluable acqui- fition at this time. We returned and got on board at fevtn o'clock in the evening. Mr. Pickerfgill, who had juft before arrived, informed us, that the land oppofitc to our ftation is an ifland ; that on another, more to the north, he found many terns eggs ; and in a cove between that and the Eaft Hea " ' and got fomc young goflings. between that and the Eaft Head, he had fliot one goofc. 5 eggs , he ha On Saturday the 24th, two fporting parties went over one of the N. E. lldc of the ifland above mentioned, which was named G(X)fc Ifland j and the other, accom- panied by Capt. Cook, went by the S. W. flde. When under the ifland we had plenty of fport, having fliot as many gecfc as fervcd for a Chriltmas meal for our men, which proved much more agreeable to them than fait beef and pork. Wc all returned heartily tired, by climbing over the rocks, when we had landed, in pur- fuit of our game. In the fouth of the ifland were abundance of gecfc, it being their moulting feafon, when moft of them come on fliorc, and arc not dif- pofcd to fly. Our party got Gxty-tw», and Mr. Pickerf- gill, with his aflbciates fourteen. Plenty of fliags were fccn in the cove, but we proceeded without fpcnding time or fliot upon them. We were informed by our people on board, that a number of natives, in nine canoes, liad been along-lidc, and fome of them in the fliip: they fecmed well acquainted with Europeans, and hadfeveral of their knives among them. On the 25th, being Chriftmas-day, we had another vilitfrom thciii. They appeared to be of the fame nation, wc had formerly fcen in Succcfs Bay j and which M. dc Bdugainville calh Pccharas, beraufe they con- tinually ufed this word. They are a diminutive, ugly, half-ftarvcd, beardlcfs race; almoft naked, being only flifihtly covered with a feal-lkin or two joined together, [o as to make a cloak, which reached to their knees ; but the grcatcrt part of them had but one fliin, which fcarcely covered their flioiiidcr.-;, and all their lower parts were quite naked. The women are clothed no better than the .nen, except that they cover their nakcd- nefs with A fcal-fkin flap. They are inured from their mfan( y to cold and hardfliips, for we faw two youn" children at the breafl entirely naked. They remained all the time in their canoes, having their bows and ar- rows with them, and harjKKDns, made of bone, with vhiLh we imagined, they Urike and kill fifli. Both they and their tloaths fuielc nioft intolerably of train oil. We threw thcin fome bifcuit, but ihcy feemed much better pleafcd with our prefents of medals, knives, &c. Their canoes were made of bark, and on each of them was a fire. 1 hey had alfo large feal hides, which may ferve as covering to tiicir huts, on fliore, in foul weather. Tliey all departed before dinner, nor did wc believe, any one ijivited them to partake of our Chriflmas cheer, wliich conlifled of geefe, roaft and boiled, goofc-pyo, &( . a treat little known to us; and which was heightened by Madeira wine, the only article of our pravifions that was mended by keeping. Per- I haps ouf friends in England did not celebrate Chrid^ mis rtiore chearfuHy than we did ; and, \Cith ftich fare it would have been a real difappointment, to have had our appetites fpoiled, by the dirty perfons of thofe filthy people, and by the flench they always carried abodt them. We called this place Chriflmas Sound, in ho- nour of the day, and the joyful feftival we had celebrated here. On the 26th, we were agai^ vifited by fome of the natives, arid as it was very cold in the evening, and they flood fliivering on the deck, the (Captain from an impulfc of humanity, gave them fome old cahvas and bai/.e for covering. On Tuefday tne 27th, evefy thing on fliofe ivas or- dered onboard. The weather beirtg fine and plcafant, a party of us went round by the fouth flde of Goofe Ifland, and picked up 31 of thefe kind 6f birds^ On the caff- fide of the ifland, to the north of the call point, is a good place for fhips to lay in that are bound for the weft. When wc returned on board, wc found all the work done, and the launch in, fb that we now only waited for a fair wind to put to fca. The entrance of Chriflmas Sound, which we cxpeded foon to leave, is three leagues wide, and fituated in latitude 5 c deu. 27 min. S. and in 7odeg. i6n)in. W. longitude; in the diredtion of nortk 37 deg. W. ffom St. Ildcfonfo Ifles, diflant 10 leagues. We think thefe iflesto be the befl: land mark for finding the found. It is advifeable for no one to anchor very near the fliore, for we gene- rally found there a rocky bottom. The refreflimcnts to be procured at this place arc wild fowl, wcry good celery, and plenty of mufcles, not large, but well tafled. Thegeefe arefmaller than our Englifli tame ones, but cat as well as the belt of them. The gander is all white; the female fpotted with black and white, with a large white fpot on each wing. Here is alfo a kind of duck, which our people called the race-horfe, on account of its fwiftnefs on the water, for the wings be- ing too fhort to fupport the body in the air, it cannot fly. We believe, from certain ciirumflarkccs, the peo- ple do not live here throughout the whole of the winter- feafon, but retire to parts where the weather is Icfs feverc. To appearance, they arc the moft wretched of all the natives wc have fecn. They live in an inhofpi- tablc clime, and do not feem to have fagacity enough to provide themfclves with the comforts of life, parti- cularly in the article of cloathing. Barren as this coun- try is, our botanifts found therein many unknown plants. In the woods is the tree which produceth the winter'i bark; alfo the holly-leaved barberry; and plenty of berries, which we called cranberry j with many ether forts common in thefe ftraits. On Wednefday the 28th, we failed from this found, with a light breeze at N. W. At noon Point Nativity, being the eaft part of the found, bore N. half W. dil- tant one league and a half. Wc fteercd S. E. by K. and E. S. E. till four o'clock, P. M. when we hauled to the fouth, for the fake of .» nearer view of St. Ildefonfo. The cfKift appeared indented as ufual, and at this time we were abrcaft of an inlet lying E. S. E. At the well point of this are two high peaked hills and below thein, to the eaft, two round ones, or fmall ifles, in the direc- tion of N. E. and S. W. from each other. At half part five o'clock, wc had a good fight of Ildefonfo lllfi. Thefe are iituated about fix leagues from the main, i» latitude 55 deg. 53 min. S. and in 69 deg. 41 min. W. longitude. Wc now refumed and continued ourtourfe to the eaft. At fun-fet the neareft land bore S. K. by I'., three fourths E. and the \uft point of Nallau Bay, Jil- covercd by iVdmiial Hermitc in 1624, bore north 8i> deg. E. fix leagues diftant. This |)oint, in fotne chsru, is called Falfe Cape Horn, as being the fouthcrn punf of Terra del Fuego. It lies in latitude 5 5 deg. j^imn S. From the above mentioned inlet to this falle c.i|)o, the direction of the coaft is nearly E. half a point S. diflant 14 or i 5 leagues. On the 29th, at three o'clock .\. M. wc fleered .S. K. by S. at four Cape Horn, for which we novi' n'.ade fail, bore E. by S. at a diftance it is known by a round h't;h hill over it; and though to the W. N. W. there i- J point injt unlike this, yet their fiiuacioiu MillaUa;.> be ' *v- -<*!«!•■ It i h^' f^- |*VCif ! lJLjij* ■■m Mi .i, *i <• ;i! O .> ■^ 1 •/. ■p - ;^ .J COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— -for making Di/ioveru-s in the SmitbScas &c Round the mr/J. 185 be fiidicicnt to diftinguilh the one from the other. At half part fcven wc palFed this cape, ami entered the Southern Atlantic Ocean. Two peaked rocks are on the N. VV. fide of the cape, rcfembiing' lUgar loaves ; nlfo other low rtraggling rocks to the welt, and one foLith of it. I'Vonj Chriftmas Sound to this Cape, the coiuie is E. S. E. one fourth E. dirtant ^r leagues. The rocky point three leagues from Cape Horn, in the direction L. N. E. we called . Miftaken Cape. It is the fouthern point of the cafternmoft of Hcrmite Kles. TItcrc fcemcd to be a pafliigc between thefe two capes into Naifau Hay. In this pafllige fomc ifles were feen, and on the weft fide, the coart had the appearance of forming goou bays and harbours. In fomc charts Cape Horn is laid down as part of a fmall idand, which wc had not in our power to confirm or contradift, as the hazy weather rendered every objedl indiftindt. IVom hence we ftecrcd E. by N. half N. without tiie rocks that lie off" Miftaken Cape. Having paflcd thefe, wc Ikcred N. E. half E. and N. ¥.. for Strait le Mairc. At eight o'clock in the evening, finding ourfclves near the Itrait. we lliortened fail, and hauled the wind. The fugar-loaf on Terra del Fuego bore north 33 dcg. W. the point of Succefs Iky juft open of the cape of the fame name, bearing north :20 dcg. K. On the 30th, during the caim, we were driven by the current over to Staten Land ; but a light breeze fpringing up at N. N. W. we flood over for Succefs Bav. VVe hoiltei! our colours, and. having before fucd two guns, wepiTceived a foioke rid' out of the v.oods, nude by the native; above the fouth point of the bay. which was the place where they refuled when ue were here in 1769. A party was now fent into Succefs Bay, in order todifcovcr if any traces of the Adventure were to be feen there; but they returned without having found any. Our fliip's name, &c. were written on a card, and railed to a tree which ftixxl near the place where it was likely the Adventure would water, (lioukl file be behind in, and put into this place. When Mr. l'ict;crfgill landed, the natives received him and his aolliiiates with great courrefy. They were ( lothcd in fcal (kins, had bracelets on their arms, and ajipeared to be the fame kind of people we had feen in Chriftnias Sound. The bracelets were made of filver w ire, w rought fouicwhat like the hilt of a fword, and no doubt, the workmanlliip of an luiropean. According to Mr. PickcrfgiU's report, the bay 'vas full of whales and feals, and we h.id obffved the f.'.me in the ftrait, par- ticularly on the Terrcl del Fuego fule, where th.e whiles are exceeding numerous. H.iving now explored the fouih coall of Terra del Fiugo, we refolved to do the fame by Staten l.tnd. At nine o'( lock the wind veering to N. VV. we tai ked, and ftood to S. \V. On Satur lay the j 1 11 in the morn ng, ue Wvc up for the call end ot Staten Land; vhich, at half pail four bore fouth ho deg. E. the well end l()uth .: deg. E. and Terra del I'uego li)U(h 40 deg. VV. The weather bein" lia/.y, wc could only now and then get light of the coailj but as we .ul\anced to the caft, feveral illands were feen of tinei]Mal extent. Wc were abre, 'l of the nioft eallcrn one at eight o'clock, A. M. v. hen we waited fomc time for clear weather : bur as it did not clear up as ..e v i-.lied, we hauled round the cart end of the idand, for the fake of anchorage, if we lliould think itneccHary. VVe were now dilhiiu from the ifle two niik::, and founding tound only 2y 'athoms water. As we continued our couife, wc faw on this illand a great number of feals and birds, a flro'ig temptation 10 our jicoplewho were in want offrclh provilions ; and in hauling round it, we had a ftrong rai - of a current, like unbrflkcn water. At length, after (iihing for the bell ground, we caft anchor in :i fathoms water, about a mile from the ifland, which e.'tended from north 18 deg. E. to N. 55 dcg. and halfW. The weather having foon after cleared up, we had a light of Cape St. J'lhn, or the cart end of Staten Land, bearing fouth 7J deg. E. diflant four leagues. The ifland Iheltcrcd us from the north w ind, and Staten Land fiom the fouth. The other illes lay to the wcfV, and fecured us from the north wind j yetwc were not only open to ! -i \ No. I thcN. E. and E. but to the N. W. winds. We might have avoided this fituation, by anchoring more to the well, but the Captain was dcfirous of being near the illand, and of having it in his power to get to fea with any wind. In the afternoon a large party of us land- ed, fomc to kill feats, and others birds or fifli. The illand was fi) flocked with the former, which madcfuch a continual bleating, that we might have thought our- fclves in Effcx, or any other country where cows and calves are in abundance. Upon examination wc found thefe animals different from feals, though they rcfem- bled them in fhapc and motion. The male having a great likencfs to a lion, we called them on that account lioHs. We alfo found of the fame kind as the New Zealand feals, and thefe wc named fea-bcars. Wc fhot fomc of the large ones, not thinking it fafe to go near them ; though, in general, they were fo tame, that wc knocked fomc down with our fticks. Here were a few gecfc and ducks, and abundance of penguins and Ihags ; the latter of which had young ones almoll: Hedged, confequently juft to our tafte. In the evening our party returned fuflicicntly laden with provilions of various forts. On the f ft of January, being Sunday, Mr. Gilbert was fent out to Staten Land, in ft;arcli of . j-j a good harbour, nothing morebeing want- " ' '77S- ing, in the opinion of Captain Cook, to make this place a good port fiir fhips to touch at for rcfreftiments. Another party went to bring on board the bcafls we had killed the [ireccding day. The old lions and bears were good for nothing but their blubber, of which we made oilj but the tlclh of the young ones we liked very well : even the fklh of the old lioneHcf; was not much ainifs; but that of the old males was abo- minable. Captain ook took an obfcrvation of the fun'.^ meridian altitude (his height at noon) at the N. E. end of thi< illand, which determined its latitude at 54 deg. 40min. 5 fee. S. Having fliot a few gcefe, fomc other birds, ami fupplicd oiirlelvesplentifuU) with young lliags, we returned on board in the evening. About ten o'clock the party returned from Staten Land, where they found a gcxid port, in the direction ot' north, a little eallerly, from the N. E. end of the I'uillern Ifland, and diflant three leagues to the wefl- ward of Cape .St. John. The mark.>> whereby it may be known, arc fomc fmall iflands lying in the entrance. The channel, which is on the call lide of thefe illands, is half a mile broad. The courfe is in S. W. b)- S. turn- ing gradually to W. by S. and W. The harbour i.^ almofl two miles long, and near one broad. The bottom is a mixture of mud and land, and hath in it from 10 to 50 flitnoms water. Here are fcvcral ftreams of frefli water, with good wood for fuel. On this illand are an innumerable number of fea-gulls, the air was quite darkened w ith them, upon being diflurbctl by our people : and when they rofe up, we were nlmofl fuf- f()cated with their dung, which they fcemcd to emit by wav of defence; and it flunk worf'e than what is vul- garly called Devil's-dung. This port was named New- Year's Harbour, from the day on which it was dif- covered.andiscertainly a very convenient one for fhip- ping, bound to the wefl, or round Cape Horn. It is true, fliips cannot put to fea with an eaflerly or north- erly wind ; but thefe winds are never known to be of long continuance, and thofe from the fouth or weft quarters arc the moft prevailing. OnTuefday the 3d, wc weighed and ftocd for Cape St. John, which, in the evening, bore N. by E. diftant four miles. This cape, being the caftern point of Staten Land, is a rock of confiderable height, fituated in lati- tude 54 deg. 46min. S.and in 64 deg. 7 min. W. longi- tude, having a rocky iftot lying ciof'e under the north point of it. To the wcrtward of the cape is an inlet, which fccmed to communicate with the fea to the fouth; and between this and the cape is a bay. Having doubled the cape, we hauled up along the fouth coafl. At noon Cape St. John bore north 20 dcg. E. diftant about three leagues: Cape St. Bartholomew, or the S. W. point of Staten Land, fouth 83 dcg. W. two high detached rocks north 80 dcg. W. by obfervation 3 A our i86 Capt. COOK'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 1 . ^ . f t ■/ ■ ■ ' . ' ■. • ■ our latitude was found to be 54 dcg, 56 min. S. We now judged this land to have been fufficicntly ex- plored J but before we leave it, think it ncccflary to make a few obiervations on this and iis neighbouring iflands. 1 he S. W. coaft of Terra del Fuego, with rcfpeft to inlets and iflands, may be compared to the coaft of Norway -, for wc believe within the extent of three leagues there is an inlet or harbour, which will re- ceive and (lidter the firft rate fliips 1 but, till thcfe are better known every navigator muft, as it were, fifti for anchorage : add to this, there are fevcral rocks on the coaft s tnough as none lie far from land, the ap- proach to them may be known by founding, if they cannot be fcenj fo that upon the whole, we cannot think this the dangerous coaft it has been reprefented by other voyagers. Staten land is thirty miles in length, and nearly twelve broad. Its furface oonfifts of craggy hills, touring up to a vaft height, efpecially near the weft end, and the coaft is rocky. The grcateft part of the hills, their fumniits excepted, is covered with trees, ftrubs, and herbage. We cannot fay any tiling, that navigators may depend on, concerning the tides and currents on thefe coafts ; but wc oblerved that in Strait Lc Mairc, the foutherly tide, or current, begins to aifl at the new and lull moon about four o'clxk. it miy alfo be of ufc to our commanders to remark, that if bound round Cape Horn to the weft, and not in want of any thing that might make it ncccflary to put into port, in this cafe, we would advifc them nor to come near the land ; as by keeping out to fca, they would avoid the currents, which, we arc convinced, lofe their force at twelve leagues from land ; and at a greater diftance they would find none to impede their courfc. Wc would juft add to thefe nautical obferva- lions, that ail the time of our being upon the coaft, wc had more calms than ftorms j the winds were variable j nor did wc experience any fcvcrc cold weather. The mercury in the thermometer, at noon, was never below 46 deg. and during our ftay iaChrillmas Sound, it was generally above temperate. The illand we landed on, and the fame may be faid of the neighbouring ifles, is very unlike Staten l^nd. Its furface is ofequaThcight, having anelevation of thirty or forty feet above the fea, from which it is fecured by a rocky coaft. It is covered with fword grafs, of a beautiful verdure, and of great length, growing in tufts, on little hillocks. Among thefe arc the tracks of fea bears and penguins, by which they retire into the centre of the ifle. Thefe paths tendered our cx- curfions rather difagrccable, for we were fomejimcs up to our knees in mire. Indeed the whole furface is moift and wet. The animals on this little fpot are fca lions, fea bears, a variety of fea fowls, anil fome land birds. The largcft lion we faw w.-'s fourteen fett long, and eight or ten in circumference. The back of the head, the neck and ftioulders, arc covered with long hair, like thofc of the lionj the other parts of the body with ftiort hair, like that of the horfc : the co- lour of both is a dark brown. The female is of a light dun colour, and about half the fize of the male. They live in herds near the fea-ftiorc, and on the rocks. As this was the time for engendering, and bringing forth ihcir young, we faw a male with twenty or thirty fe- males about him, and he feemed very dcfirous of keep- ing them all to himfelf, beating off every other male who attempted to approach the flock. Ihe fca bears are fmaller than the lions, but rather larger than a com- mon feal. All their hairs are of an equal length, fome- thing like an otter's, and the general colour is that of an iron grey. This kind the French call fea wolves, and the Englifti feah. They arc, however, different from thofe in Europe and North America. The lions too may be called overgrown feals ; for they are all of the fame fpecics. The hairs of the fea bears are much finer than thofe of lions. They permitted us to ap- proach very near; but it was dangerous to go between them and the fea, for if they happened to take fright, ihey would come down in vaft numbers, and run over thofc who could not get out of their way. They iirc fluggifh, fleepy animals, and downright bullies 1 for if waked out of their fleep they would raife up their heads, fnoit, fnarl, and look very fierce) but when we advanced to attack them, they always ran away. This E lace abounds with penguins, which are amphibious irds, and fo ftupid, that we could knock down u natty as wc pleafed with a ftick. They are not very good eating, thoush we thought them fo when in want of better tare, loit was probably not their breeding feafon, for we law neither eggs nor young ones. Here are great numbers of ftiags, who build theirneflj near the edge of the cliffs, on little hillocks 1 but a fmaller kind, which we faw build in the chffii of the rocks. The geefe are of the fame fort as thofc in Chriftnias Sound, but not in fuch plenty. They make a noife cx- adly like a duck. Here are feveral ducks of the fort we called race-horfes: fbmc we ftiot weighed thirty pounds. The fea fowls are curlews, gulls, tern. Port Egmont hens ; and large brown birds, pretty guoid eat. ing, which we called Molary's geefe. The land birds were eagles, hawks, thruflies, and bald-headed vuU tures, wnich ourfailors named Turkey buzzards. I'wo new fpecics of birds were here difcovered by our natu- ralifts. One is the fize of a pigeon, with a plumage white as milk, but not web-tooted. When we firft faw thefe kind of birds we took them for fnow pc- terels, but they refembic them only in tizc and colour. They have a very bad fmell, owing probably to their food being flielUfifli and carrion, m hich they pick up along fliorc. The other fort, almoft as big as a heron, refeinble neareft curlews. Their plumage is varie- gated, their bills long and crooked, and their princi- pal colours are light grey. All the animals of this little fpot live in perfcft harmony, and fcem cartful not to difturb each other's tranquillity. The fea lions poflefi moft of the fea-coaft ; the bears take up their quarters within the ifle ; the fliags lodge in the highcft clirts; the penguins have their feparatc abode when: there is the moft eafy communication to and from the fea ; and the other birds have their places of retire- ment ; yet we have obfcrveif them all, with mutual reconcilement, mix together, like domeftic cattle and poultry in a farm-yard : nay we have fccn the eagles and vultures fitting together among the ftiags, on their hillocks, without the Tatter, either young or old, being difturbcd at their prefencc. It will be remembered, that wc left Staten Ifland on the 3d, and this day, being Wedncfday the 4th, wcfaw the land again, at three o'clock A. M. and at fix o'clock in the afternoon a heavy fquall came fo fuddenly upon us, that it carried away a top-gallant-maft. a ftudding- fail boom, and a fore ftudding-faii. This ended in a heavy ftwwer of rain; and we now ftecred S. W. in order to difcover the gulph of St. Scbaftian. if fmh a coaft exifted, in which that gulph has been reprefented, for of this we entertained a doubt: however, this ap- peared to be the beft courfe to clear it up, and to ex- plore the fouthcrn part of this ocean. On the 5th, by obfervation, we were in latitude 57 deg. 9 min. and 5 deg. 2 min. E. longitude from Cape St. John. On the 6th, at eight o'clock in the evening, wc were in lati- tude 58 deg. 9 min. S. and 53 dec. 14 min. W. the fituation. nearly, afllgned for the S. W. point of the gulph of St. Scbaftian ; but feeing no figns of land, wc were ftill doubtful of its cxiflencc j and oeing alfo fear- ful, that by keeping to the fouth, we might mifs the land faid to be difcovered by l.a Roche in 1675, and by the fliip lion, in 1756 ; for thefe icafons we hauled to the north, in order to get into the parallel laid dow n by Dalrymple as foon as pofliblc. On the 7th, we were, near midnight, in the latitude of 56 deg. 4 min. S. longitude 53 deg. 36 min. W. On the 8th, at noon, a bedof fea-weecTpaffed the Ihip j and in the afternoon we weie in latitude 55 deg. 4 min. longitude 51 deg. 45 min. On Monday, the 9th, we faw a feal, and fea-weed. On the lOth, at two o'clock A. M. we bore away caft, and at eieht E. N. E. At noon, by obfer- vation, we were in latitude 54 deg. 35 min. S. and m 47 ^^' Sf> ">>'>• ^- longitude. We had at this time a great number of albatroflct and blue petercls about tiie fliip. v^>-M^ I coo COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the SouthStailx. Round ihc IForld. 1 87 fliip. Wc now (leered due cad i and on the nth, were in ittitiidc 54 deg. 38 inin. longitude 45 dcg. 10 niin. W. On the 1 Jth, being Thiirlday, wc (leered ead northerly; and at noon obferved in latitude 54 dcg. j8 min. S. and in 41 deg. 8 inin. W. longitude, which is near 3 dcg. E. of the (ituation, laid down by Mr. Dalryniplc for the N. K. point of thcgulph of St. Sc- bafli.iDs but wc had no other intimations of land, tlian feeing a feal, and a few penguina ; and wc had a Kvcll from E. S. K. which we tnink would not have been, had any extcnfivc track of land lay in that di- rcdion. On Frid.iy, the 13th, wc llood to the fouth till noon, when fmdinj^ ourfelvcs in latitude 55 dcg. 7 min. we llretched to the north. We now faw Ic- vcral penguins, and a fnow peterel, which wc judged to denote the vicinity of ice. Wc alfo found the air inu( h colder than we had felt it fincc we left New Zealand. In the night we dood to the N. E. On Sa turday, the 14th, at twoo'clock, P. M. in latitude 53' dcg. 56 min. 30 fee. .S. and in longitude 39 deg. 24 min. W. wc difcovercd land, in a manner wholly co- vered w ith fnow. We founded in one hundred and fe- vcnty-five fathoms, muddy bottom. The land bore E. by S. dirtant twelve leagues. On the itth.thc wind blew in fqualli, attended wiili fnow and llect, and we had a great fca to encounter. At part four I'. M. we iVood to ilie S. VV. under two cmirlcs ; but at midnight the ftorm abated, fi) that wc could carry our top-lail.s double reefed. On the i6i.h, at four o'clock, A. M. we Oood to the ca(l, with a moderate breeze, and at eight faw the land extending from E. by N, to N. K. by N. At noon, by obfervation, we were in latitude 54 deg. 25 min. 30 fee. and in 38 deg. 18 min. V\ . longitude. The land was now about eight leagues diftant. It proved to Iw an Kland, and wc called it Willis Ifland, fron> the name of the perfon who firil difcovereil it from the mall-head. It is a high rock of no great extent. We bore up to it w ith a view of exploring the northern coafl ; and as wc tJvanced jht- ccivcd another i(lc to the north, betwet 11 that and the main. Obferving a clear paifage between both wc (leered for the fame, and iii the midway found it to be two miles broad. Willis's ille is in the latitude of 54 dcg. S. and in j8 deg. 23 min. W. longitude. The other, which was named Bird Ifland, a number of fowls being fecn upon the coall, is not fo high, but more extiMlive ; ar>J is near fhe N. E. point of the main lanit, which Capt. Cook named Cape North. We fawfeveral mafron th ^ E. coall of this land, partici:- larlv in one which I, ilxjut three igues to tne S. S. F of Bird ille. On 'onday, the 1 6th, having got through the paifage, we m lerved the north coall trended E. by N. for about three leagues, and then E. and E. hy S. to Cape Buller, which i.-. eleven miles. Wc ranged the coall ' !' near night, at one league dillance, when on founding v found fifty fathoms, and a muddy bottom. On the 17th, at two o'clock, A. M. "■ made for the land. We now lleercd along (liore (tscn, when, feeing I'-e appearance of an inlet, hauled in for it. The aptain arcompanied by Mr. Forller, and others went otf in a boat, to reconnoitre the bay K-forc we ventured in with the fliip. They landed in three ditfcrent places, difplayed our colours, .•ind took polfeirion of the country in his majcfty's IP •'. The head of the bay was terminated by icc- ' liH'; rA I'onfiderable height j pieces of which were t'^ntinuai'v breaking off, which made a noife like a ctrnon. Nor were the interior parts of the country lef; hornl'lc. The favagc rocks raifcd their lofty fum- mitt i>!! loft in the clouds, and valleys were covered w ith fcemingly perpetual fnow. Not a tree, nor a (hrub of any fi/e were to be fccn. The only (igns of vege- tation were a flrong bladcd grafs, growing in tufts, wild burnet, and a plant like mofs, feen on the rocks. Sea-bears, or feals, were numerous : the (hores fwarmed with young subs. Here were alfo the largcft pen- guins we nad yet icen. Some we brought aboard weighed above thirty pounds. We found the fame lla-fowls as at the lalt ifland ; alfo divers, the new white birds, and fmall onci, rcfcinbling thofc at th<' Cape of Good 1 fope, called yellow birds, whkh, hav- ing Ihot iwrt, w^: found moft delicious morfels. Wr faw no other land birds than a few fmall larks, nor did wc meet with M\y quadrupeds. The rocks bonlering in the fea were not covered with fnow like the inlaiul parts ; and they feemed to contain iron ore. When the partj returned aboard, they brought with them a quan- tity of feald and j'cnguins. Not that wc wanted provi-. fions; but any I* lul of fiefh meat was acceptable to the crew j and «: .en Capt. Cook acknowledged, that he was now, for the firft time, heartily tired of fait diet of every kind i and that though the flelh of pen- guins could fca rely be compared to bullocks liver, yet its being frelh was (uHicient to make it palatable. The captain named the bay he hadfurveyed, I'olfeHion Bay; though according to his account of it, we think it to be no delirabic appendage to his majefly's new pof- felHons. It lies in latitude 54 dcg. j min. S. and in J 7 deg. 1 8 min. W. eleven leagues to the cad of Cape North. To the weft of PolFcflion Bay, and between that and Cape Buller, lies the Bay of Iflcs, fo called from the number of fmall ifles lying before and in it. On Tucfday, the 17th, wc made fail to the call, along the coaft; the dircdlion of which from ("ape Buller, is 72 dcg. 30 min. E. for the fpacc of twelve leagues, to a projecting point, which was named Cape Saunders. Beyond this is a j)rctty large bay, which obtained the name of Cumberland Bay. At the bot- tom of this, as alfo in fomc other fmallcr ones, were vad tracks of fro7.cn ice, or fnow, not yet broken loofe. Being now jud pad Cumbierland Bay, we hauled od the coall, from whence wc were didant about four miles. On the I Sth, at noon, by obfervation, we were in lati- tude 54 deg. 30 min. S. and about three leagues from the coall, which dretched from N. 59 deg, W. to S. 13 deg. W. In thi^ direction the l.ind was an ide, which feemed to be 'he extremity of the coad to the ead. At this time the nearefl land was a proieding point, terminating in a round hillock, which, on ac- count of the day was called Cape Charlotte ; on the wed lidc of which lies a bay, and it was named Royal Bay i and the wed point we called Cape George. This is the cad point of Cumberland Bay, in the direction of S. E. by E. lioiii Cape Saunders, didant fevcn leagues. The Capes Charlotte and George lie in the direction of fouth 37 deg. E. and north 37 deg W. lix leagi;cs didant from each other. The ide above mentioned was named Cooper's, after our fird lieu- tenant. It is in the dirccl:ion of S. by E. and e'<»ht leagues from Cape Charlotte. The coad between th'em forms a large bay, which we named Sandwich B.-»y. On the 19th, at fun-rife new land was difcovercd which boreS. E. half E. At the fird light it had the appearance of a dngle hill, in the form of a fugar-Ioaf ; but foon after, other detached parts were vifible above the horizon near the hill. Wc obferved at noon in latitude 54 deg. 42 mm. 30 fee. S. A lurking rock, that lies off Sandwich Bay, five miles from the land, bore W. half N. didant one mile. In the afternoon wc hail a view of a ridge of mountains, behind Sandwich Bay, » hole icy tops were elevated high above the clouds. At dx o'clock. Cape Charlotte bore north 31 deg. w! and Cooper's Ifland W. S. W. On Friday the 20th, at two o'clock, A. M. we made fail to the S. W. round Cooper's Ifland, which is one rock confiderably high, abi- it five miles in circuit, and one didant from the maii Here the main coaft: takes a S. W. direction fo "ve leagues to a point, which we called Cape Difa^, ointment, off of which are three fmall ifles. The moft fouthern one is a league from the Cape, green, lo , and flat. From the point, as we continued our courfc S. W. land was fcen to open in the diredion of north ^o deg. W. didant beyond it nine leagues. It proved 'o be an ifle, and was named Pickerfgill Ifland. A pi; nr of what we had hitherto fuppoled to be the man, rieyond thig ifland, foon after came in fight ;n the dircc ion of north 55 deg. W. which united the coaft at the vciy point we e.w- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ■|l^ IIM ^ 1^ 1112.2 ^ ti& 12.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 ^ ^ 6" - ► V ^ /: ''? ^v '^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET V\EBSTER,N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 5^< tf 7a ^ i88 G pt. COOK 'a VOYAGES COMPLETE. wc had fceiij and t iken the bearing of, the day wc firll came in with it, and left us not a finglc doubt, that this land which wc had takm for part of a great con- tinent, was. no: more thafi atvfflaitd, eio miles in cir- cuit. We thought it very cxti^aordinary, that an ifland between the latitude of 54 aiid 55 degrees, fliould, in the very height of fumnier, be almolt wholly covered with frozen (now, in fome places many fathoms deep ; but mprc efpecially the S. W. coafl. Nay, the very iides of the lofty mountains, were cafed with ice ; but the quantity of ice and fnow that lay in the valleys is incredible, and the bottoms of the bays were bounded by walls of ice of a confiderable height. We arc of opinion, that a great deal of the ice formed here in winter, is broken off in fpring, and floats into the fca : but we queftiop, whether a ten thoufandth part of what we faw is produced in this idand ; from whence we are led to conclude, that the land wc had feen the day before might belong to a more exteniive track; and we (till had hopes of difcovcring a continent. As to our prcfcnt difappointment, wc were not much affeiSed thereby; for, were wc to judge of the whole by this fample, whatever its extent might be, it would be an acquifition fcarccly worth notice. This inhofpitablc, and dreary land, lies between the latitudes of 53 deg. 57 min. and 54 deg. 57 min. S. and between 38 deg. I { min. and 35 drg. 34 min. W. longitude. We named this the Iflc of Georgia, in honour of his Ma- jefty. It extends S. E. by E. and N. W. by W. and is 93 miles long, and about 10 broad. The N. E. coaft appears to have a number of bays, but the ice mufl: prevent acccfs to them the grcatell part of the year ; and at any time they will be dangerous harbours, on account of the continual breaking away of the ice clitls. We are inclined to think, that the interior parts, on account of their elevation, never enjoy heat enough to inclt the fnow in fuch quantities as to produce a river ; nor did we find even a flream of frclh water on the whole coaft ; and the N. E. fide of this, only receives fiillicient warmth to melt the fnow. We now quitted this coall, and dircded our courfe to the E. S. E. for the land wc had feen the preceding day. A flrong gale overtook us, and we thought ourfelves very fortu- nate in. having got clear of the land before this came on. On the 2 1 ft, the ftorm was fucceeded by a thick fog, attended with rain ; but having got a fouthcrly breeze, we ftood to the caft till three in the afternoon ; and then fteered north in fearch of the land. On the 22d, we had thick foggy weather ; but in the evening it was fo clear that wc could fee two leagues rouiul us J and thinking we might be to 1 l^e caft of the land, wc fteered weft. On the 23d, a thick fog at fix o'cock, A. M. once more compelled us to haul the wind to the fouth ; but at eleven, we were favoured with a view of three or four rocky iflots, extending from S. E. to E. N. E. about one league diftant 5 and this, being the extentbf our horizon, might be the reafon why we did not fee the fugar-loHl" peak before mentioned. We were well aflurcd, this was the land wc had feen before, and which we had now circumnavigated ; confifting of only a few de- tached rocks, the recepticles for birds. They are fitii- ated in latitude 55 deg. S. 12 leagues from Cooper's Ifle, and we named them Clerk's Rocks, Mr. Clerk, one of our lieutenants having firft difcovcred them. Thi.s interval of clear weather was fucceeded by as thick a fog as ever, on which we ftood to the north. Thus wc were continually involved in thick mills, and the fliagi with frequent foundings were our beft pilots ; but on the 23d wc ftood a few miles to the north, w hen we got clear of rocks, out of foundings, and f;iw not any Inags. On the 24th, wc faw the rocks bearing S. S. \V. half W. diftant four miles, but we did not ftill fee the fiigar- loafpcak. At four o'clock,?. M. judging oiirfclvtsto be three or four leagues E. and W. of them, we ficcrid fouth, being quite tired w ith cruizing in thick fogs, only to have a fight of a few ftraggling rocks. Having, at intervals, a clear flty to the weft, at fcven o'clock wc faw the ille of Ckorgia, bearing W. N. W. didant eight leagues : at eight wc fteered S. E. by S. and at ten S. E. by E. CHAP. IX. //.'(• Reftlutwn cohttmiei her i-oitifr — Xr:t!and and Samiders Iiles difcav/red — C.onjeflures, and fome rea/ons thai there may h land about the South Pole — The Refoliilivt alters her courfe foulb to the ea/l— Endeavours i. find Cape Circumcijimt — 01- f(rvaii*ns on ivkil llie had done in the viya^e — Pro,redin!^s till her arrival at the Cape ofGwd Hope — Sails for the ijle nl Iwal — And n'turns to England — (^apt. I'urneanx's iiarrathe, from the time the Adventure -juas feparatfd from the Kefi- tuii'.n, to her arrival in Enj^huul, wtlidm^ the reptrt of Ueiil. Biirnev, eoneiriiing the untimely death of the boat's-awj id'o zi-ere viurdnedhy/omeof the iia tries of S>ueenCJ.on to fall in with the ice, aiui on this account, it being no longer falc to fail bcfoii.' the wind, we hauled to the call wuh a gentle gale at N. N. E. When the fog cleared away, we refumcd our courfe to the fouth ; but it retunKtl again, which obliged us to haul upon a wind. By our reckoning we were now in the latitude of 60 deg. S. and unlelN wi- difcovcred f me ceitain figns of foon falling in with land, the Captain deter- mined to make this the limit of his voyage to the fouth. Indeed it would not lia\e been pnidcntto have Iquandered away time in proceeding farther to the foiuh, when there was as great a probability of finding a large track of land near Cape Cirnmicifion. Befidcs it was an irkfoine talk to travcri'e m high fouthcrn lati- 1 tutles, \vherc nothing was to be difcovcred but ice. At this time a long hollow fwell from the weft, indicated that no land was to be expedted in fuch a diredion ; and upon the whole, we may venture to aflcrt, that the ex- tcnfivc coaft laid down by Mr. Dalrymple, and his Gulph of St. Sebaftian, do not exiil. The fog having receded from us a lit.le, at feven o'clock in the evening, we faw an ice-ifland, penguins, and fnow peterels. In the night, being vifited with a return of the fog, wc were obliged to go over again that fpacc which we had, in (ome degree, made ourfelves acquainted with in the day. On the 28th, at eight o'clock, A. M. we flood to the call, with a gentle breeze at north. The weather cleared away, and we perceived the fea ftrewed with large and fmall bodies of ice. Some whales, penguins fnow peterels, and other birds were leen. Wc hai! now fun-lbine, but the air was cold. At noon, by ob- fervation, wc were in 60 deg. 4 min. S. and in 29 di^. 23 min. W. longitude. At half part two o'clock, having continued our courfe to the e.ift, wc fuddcnly fell in with a vaft number ol large icc-iflands, and a fca ftrcwcd with loofe ice, and the weather becoming hazy, made it dangerous to ftand in among them. Wc iJ^ fiili in iiii COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— f<)r making Di/caver-ies in the SautA Seai&cViOund th6fror/J. 189 Wc therefol'e tacked, and flood back td the weft, With the wind it rtorth. We were now furrounded with ice* ifliinds, all nearly of an equal height, with a flat level fiirface ; but of various extent. The lodfc ice, with which the fed appeared ftrcwcd, had broke from thtifc OnSuriddy the 19th, having little wind, we were obliged to traverfe in fuch courfes, as were moft likely to carry us clear of them, fo that wc hardly made any progrefs, one way or other, throughout the whole day. The weather was fair, but remarkably gloomy, and we were vifited by penguins and whales in abundance. On the 30th, we tacked and flood to the N. E. and almoft throughout the day it was foggy, with cither fleet or fnow. At noon we were in latitude 59 deg. jOmin. S. artd in 29 deg. 24 min. W. At two o'clock, paflcd one of the largeft ice-ifland^ wc had fccn during our voyage ; and Tome time after two fmallcr ones. Wc now flood to N. E. over a fea ftrcwed with ice. On the 31ft we difcovcrcd land a-hcad, diftant about one league. We hauled the wind to the north ; but not be- ing able to weather it, wc tacked in 1 7^ fathoms watir, a league from the fliore, and about halt a one from fome breakers. This land conflfled of three rocky iflots of confiderablc height. The outmoft terminated in a lofty peak, like a fiigar-loaf, to which we gave the name of Frcciland Peak, after the man who firft difcovcrcd it. The latitude is 59 deg. S. and 27 deg. W. longi- tude. To the eaft of this peak, was fccn an elevated coaft, whofc fnow-cap'd fummits were above the clouds. It extended from N. by E. to E. S. E. and wc named it Cape Briftol, in honour of the noble ♦amily of llarvcy. Alfo in latitude 59 deg. i.^rnin. 30fcc.S. and in 27 deg. 45 min. W. another elevated coafl appeared ifi light, bearing S. W. by &. and nt noon, it extended from S. E. to S. S. W. diflant from fourto eight leagues. This land we cilled Southern Thulc, becaufe the moft fouthern that has yet been difcovcrcd. Its furface rifes high, and is every where covered with fnow. There were thofe of our company, who thought they faw land in the fpace between Thulc and Cape Briftol. We judged it more than probable that thcfe two lands arc connected, and the fpace is a deep bay, which, though thefc are mere fuppofitions, was called Forftcr's Ilay. Being not able to weather Southern Thulc, we t.icked and ftood to the north, at one o'clock, and .it four Faciiand Peak was diflant four Ic-igues. Soon after the wind m'!1, and we were left to the mercy of a creat weflerly fwefl, which fet right u|ion the Ihore ; But at eight o'clock, the weather clearing up, we faw Cape Briftol, which bore E. S. E. ending in a point to the north, beyond which we could fee no land. I'hus we were relieved from the fear of being carried away by the fwell, and caft on the moft horrible coaft in the world. Wc continued our courfe to the north all night, with a light breeze at weft. On Wcdnefday the firft of Febniary, at four o'clock in the morning, we had a view of a new coaft. At fix it Iwre north 60 deg. E, and being a high promontory, we named it Cape Montamie. It is fituatcd in latitude 58 deg. 27 min. S. and m 26 deg. 44 min. W. longi- tude ; eight leagues to the north of Cape Briftol. Wc faw land in fcveral places lietwcen them, whence we concluded the whole might be conncdted. Wc wifti it had licen in our power to have determined this with greater certainty, but prudence would not permit the attempt, nor to venture near a coafl the dangers of which haw been already fulhcicntly pointed out. One icc-illand, among many others on this coaft, particu- larly attraded our notice. It was level in furface, of gicat extent both in height and circuit, and its fides Were perpendicular, on which the waves of the fea had not made the Icaft imprenion. Wc thought it might have come out from fome bay in the coaft. At noon we were eaft and weft of the northern part of Cape Montague, diftant five leagues. I'rciziand Peak was 12 leagues, and bore fouth 16 iltg. E. By obfcrvation «c found our latitude to lie 5K dig. 2$ min. In the altcrnoon, at two o'clock, whin flanding to the north Vf fiw land, which bore north .5 drg, F. It extend- No. 22. cd from north 40 deg. to J2 deg. E. and it was imagihed more land lay beyond it to the eaft. Cape Montague at this time bore fouth 66 deg. E. at eight 40 deg. and Cape Briftol S. by E. On the 2nd, at fik o'clock A. M. having ftcercd td the north during the night, new land was difcovcrcd, bearing north 1 2 degi E. diftant i o leagues. We faw two hummocks juft above the horizon, of which we foon loft fight. We now ftdod, having a frbfli breeze at N. N. E. for the northernmoft land wc had feen the preceding day, which, at this time, bore E. S. E. By ten o'clock we fetched in with it, but riot having it in our power to Wv ather the fame, we tacked at three miles from the coaft. This extended from E. by S. to S. E. and appeared to be an ifland of about 10 league* circuit. The furface was high, and its fummit loft in the clouds. Like all the neighbouring lands, it was covered with a ftieet of fnow and ice, except on a point on the rtorth fide, and on two hills feen over it, which probably were two iflands. Thcfe were not only clear of fnow, but feemed covered with green turf. We faw alfo large ice-iflands to the fouth, and others to the N. E. At noon we tacked for the land again, in order if polTible to determine whether it was an ifland; buta thick fog foon prevented the difcovery, by making it unfafe to fland in for the fliore ; fo that tiaving re turned, wc tacked and flood to N. W. to make the land we had feen in the morning. We left the other under the fuppofition of its being an ifland, and named it Saunders Ifle, after Capt. Cook's honourable friend Sir Charles Saunders. It lies in latitude 57 deg. 49 min. S. and in 26 deg. 44min. W. longitude, diltant 13 leagues from Cape Mont.igiie. The wind having ftiiftecfat fix o'clock, wc ftood to the north; and at eight we faw Saunders Ifland, extending from S. E. by S. to E. S. E. Wc were flill in doubt if it were an ifland, and could not at this time clear it up, as wc found it neccflary to take a view of the land to the north, before wc proceeded any fiirthcr to the cafl. With this intent wc flood to the north, and on the 3d, at two o'clock A. M. wc came in light of the land wc were fearching after, which proved to be two iflcs. On account of the day on which they were difcovcrcd, we called them Candlemas Iflcs. They lie in latitude 57 deg. II min. S. and in 27 deg. 6 min. W. longitude. Between thcfe we obfervcd a finall rock ; there may perhaps be others j for the weather being hazy occafion- ed us to lofe fight of the idands, and wc did not fcv? them again till noon, at which time they were three or four leagues oft*. Wc were now obli|Tcd, by reafon of the wind having veered to the fouth, to fland to the N. E. and at midiiiglu came fuddeniy into water un- commonly white, at which appearance the ofticcr on watch was fo much alarmed, that he immediately or- dered the fliip to be put about, and we accordingly tacked mftantly. There were various opinions aboard concerning this matter ; probably it might be a flioal of firtl ; but fome faid it was a Ihoal of ice ; and others thought it was Ihallow water. On Sunday the 4th, at two o'clock, A. M. wc re- fumed our courfe to the eafl, and at fix tried if there were any current, but found none. At this time fome whales were playing, and numbers of penguins flying about us: of the lattci* we fliot a few, dili'ercnt irom thofe on Statch Land, and at the Ifle ol' Georgia. Wc had not feen a feal fince we left that coaft, which is fomewhat remarkable. By oblervation at noon, we found ourfelves in latitude 56 deg. 44 min. S. and in longitude 25 deg. 33 min. W. We now having a breeze at eaft, ftood to the fouth, intending to regain the coaft wc had loft; but the wind at eight o'clock in the evening, obliged us to ftand to the cafl, in which run wc faw many ice-iflands, and fome loofc ice. As the formation of ice-iflands has not been fully invcfli- gatcd, we will here oH'cr a few hints and obfervations refpedting them. We do not think, as fome others do, that they arc formed by the water at the mouths ol great cataradls or large rivers, which, when accumulated, break off, owing to their ponderous weight ; becaufe we never found any of the ice, which wc took up, in 3 ii the Xjjv ' * ■ 190 Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. i the Jcaft incorporated, or connciiU'd with earth, which muft nfcirarily adhere to it, were this conjedlure true. Furthermore, we are not certain whether there arc any rivers in thcfc countries, as we faw neither rivers nor ftreams of frelh water there. The icc-iflands, at lead in thofe parts, mud be forrrYcd from fnow and fleet confolidated, v hich gathers by degrees, and are drifted from the mountains. In the winter, the fcas or the ice dirts inuft fill up the bays, if they are ever fo large. The continual fiill of fnow occafions the accumulation of thcfe clirtfs, til! they can fupport their weight no longer, and large pieces break off from tliefe ice-iflands. Wc are inclincil to believe, that thefe ke cliffs, where they arc flieltcrcd from the violence of the winds, extend a great way into the Tea. On the 5th, having fcen no penguins, wc thought that we were leaving land behind us, and that wc had pafTed its northern extremity. At noon wc were ;j dcg. of longitude, to the cad of Saunders' Iflc; and by ob- ftrvation in the latitude of 57 dcg. 8 min. S. and in -.i '''-'^^ .14 """• W- longitude. In the afternoon wt again II retched to the fouth, in order that wc might again fall in with the land, if it took an call direction. On Monday the 6th, we held on our courfe till the 7th at noon, when we Ibund our latitude to be 58 dcg. 1 5 min. S. and longitude 21 dcg. 34 min. W. and not feeing any lignsofland, wc concluded, that what had been denominated .Sandwich Land, was eithera group ofillands, or a point of the continent : for in Capt. Cook's opinion, the ice that is fpread over this vaft .Southern Ocean, mull originate in a track of land, which he firmly believes lies near the pole, and extends farthcll to the north, oppolite the Southern Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; for ice being found in thcfe farther to the north, than any where clfe, induced the Captain to conclude, that land of confidcrable extent mufl exifl near the fouth. Upon a contrary fuppolition it will follow , that \ve ought to lee ice every where under the lame parallel ; but tew fliips have met with ice going round Cape Horn; and for our part, we f;»w but little below the fixtieth degree of latitude in the Southern r.icitic Ocean ; on the other hand in this fea, between tile meridian of 40 dcg. W . and fifty or fixty degrees calf, we lound ice as tar north as 51 dcg. Others ha\e I'lxa it in a much lower latitude. Let us now luppofe I here is a Southern Continent svithin the polar circle. 1 lie qucrtion which readily occurs, will be; What end ■ran tie anrwered in liifcovering or exploring fuch a i-oall ? Or what ufe ran the lame DC cither to navigation, ge()gra]>iiy, or any other I'ciencc? And what benclits r.m relult theiefroin to a commercial flatc.' Conlider li.r a nidiiient, what thick fogs, fnow, fforms, intcnfc (did, and every thing dangerous to navigation, inufl be eiicoiuitercd with bv c\ery hardy adventurer; behold the horrid afpeCt of a country impenetrable by the animating heat ot the lim's rays; a cotintry doomed to I>e iminei-led in cvetlalling fnow. See the illands and Hoats on the eoaff, and the continual falls of the ice (liii's in the port,'. : thel'e dillicultics, which might be heightened by others not lefs dangerous, are futticient to iletir cve.^;. one iVom the ralh attempts of proceed- ing laither 10 the li)afh, than our expert and bsavc eiimin.ini.ler h.i» ilone, in I'earch of aji unknown coun- ttv. wliiih when UiioiVercd would anfwer no valuable piapole whatever, lie this time WC had travcrfcd the .Siiinliern U' (an, in luLh a manner, as to have no doubt m d'.vermming thai there is no continent, unlefs near the pole, and out of the reach of ruvigation. We have iiKide many new dilioverics, and afcertaincd the exact iiuiution of f'cveral old ones. Thus was the end of our voyage lully anfw cicd, a fouthcrn hemifpherc futlicieinly explored, and the ncceflity of a fearch after a fouthcrn continent put an end to. We fliould have proceed- ed to farther difcoveries, but our Captain thought It cruel to detain the people who failed with him any longer without the necefliiry refreflunents, efpe- cially, as their behaviour merited every indulgence; for neither odiccrs nor men ever once repined at any hardtliip, nor cxpreficd any uncafincfs, or additional I fear of danger, on account of our reparation from the Adventure. It was now high time to think of returning home ; and could we haivc continued longer, wc fliould have been in great danger of the fciinv breaking out among us, and wc do not know any gooil purpofc farther difcoveries would have anfwcred ; Mt therefore ftccrcd fortheCape of Good Hope, intendiiir» to look tor IJouvet'sdifcovcry, Cape Circurticilion, and the illes of Denia and Marfeveen. But before wc con- timie the narrative of this voyage, it may not be thought improper to colledt a few obfervations froni aur molt eminent writers, on Terra MagcWanica, Pata- gonia, part of which coafl lies within the ftraits, tlic llland of Terra del Fucgo; and Falkland's Itlands. Terra MageHartica received its name from Ferdinand Magellan, a Fortuguefe officer; who likewife gave name to thofe ftraights which lead from the fouth to the north fea, he being the firft who failed through them. The appellation of Patagonia was derived from a prin- cipal tribe of its inhabitants, called Patapons, The whole country, which goes under the name of P.^ui- gonia, extends from Chili and Paraguay to the utnioii extremity of South America, that is, from 35 ainiotf ti> 54 degrees of fouth latitude, being 700 miles long, and joo broad where widefl. The northern parts con- tain an almoft inexhaufliblc flock of large timber, but in the fouthcrn diftriiifs there is fcarccly a tree to be fcen fit for any mechanical purpofc. The lofty moun- tains, called the Andes, traverfc the whole country fioiu north to fouth. Here arc incredible number.'* of wild horned cattle and horfes, which were firfl brought hither by the Spaniards, and have increafcd amazingly ; the paflurage alfo is good. Some writers tell us that frefli water 1.4 fcarcc; but were that the cafe, wc cannot fee how tiic prefent inhabitants, and fuch multitudes of cattle could fublift. The eafl coaft is chiefly low-l.-ind, \\ ith few or no good harbours ; that called St. Julian is one of the belt. The inhabitants of Patagonia conlift of fcvera! In- liian tribes, as the Pitagons, Pampas, Coflarcs, &e. They arc a favagc, barbarous people, of a copper colour, like the reli of the Americans, with coarfe bbtk hair, and no beards. They arc mightily addicted to painting themfelvcs, and make ftrcaks on their faces and bodies. They go almoft flark naked, having only a fiiuare garment, in the form of a blanket, maile of ihe fkins of fevcral animals, and fcwcd together, which tlue fomctimcs wrap routid them in extreme cold weather; and they have alto a cap of the fkins of fowls on their hrads. I ormer voyagers rcprefcnted them as nionlhoiii giants of 1 1 feet high, w hercas they arc no talker ihin tlie other Americans. The women, as in other places, arc very fond of necklaces and bracelets, vrtiich they make of lea fliells. I'hc natives chiefly live on tifh and game, and what the earth produces fpontaneouHy. 'I'his country abounds with an animal called cainel- fliecp by fomc authors, but their true name is guanaecx,;. They partake of the nature of a camel, though ilicy have no bunch ort the back, and they were tonuerly made ufe of to carry burdens. They have alio a bird called an oftrich, but nj)t fo large, ami they diller from the African oftniches in having three tocs.whercas thole have but two. A great number of iflands, or clutlcrs of ifiands, lie on the coaHsof Patagonia. The ifland of Terra del Fucgo, or the Land of I'lrcs, as it was called by the firft difcovercrs, on account of their having obfcrved fomc great fires upon it (fuppofeJ to be volcanoes) as they palled it in the night, is tepa- ratcd from the continent by the Magcllajuc Straights; has a rough appearance, being very mountainous, but is interfedcd with deep narrow vallies, and is well watered. The natives of this country areftiort in their perfons, not cxceedmg five feet fix inches at molt, their heads large, their faces broad, their cheek-bones \ery Crominent, and their nofcs very flat. They have little rowncyes, without life; their hair is black and laniv, hanging about their heads in diforder, and befnieared with train oil. On the chin they have a few flraggling ftiort hairs inftcad»f a beard, and from their iiole there I ition from the to think of tinned loiifrti-^ of the fcur\y low any gooi'l Uifwcreil: \\c >pe. intending urticilion, aivj cforc \vc con- iliity not be •vations from ■tlanica, Pata- lie ftraits, the d's Klands. mi Ferdinand ifcgave nnnic fouth to the Iroiigli them. from a prin- tapons. The nmc of Pau- a the utnioiS 35 alnioll to I niilcs long, rn parts con- c timber, but a tree to bt- ; lofty nioun- country fionv ^lorncd cattle tlier by the the part iirapc •cfli water i* fee liow the "cattle could itli few or no c of the bclh " fcvcral In- 'oflarcs, &c. af a cojipcr coarfe black addicted to n their faci.s havinrr only maile of il.c , which tiny )ld weather; wis on their isnionllioiii 9 tallj^r ihin nher plates, vrtiicli they r on fid) and ^ntaneoudy. lied camel- > guanac(x.:. hou^h they re (ornierly alfo a bird dill'er from lercai thole or duller* «*-i- i; «;%.;■ f-t ^j'* m tKl of Fires, account of it (fuppofed ;ht, is fipa- r .Straights ; nous, but i.H nd i.s well lort in I heir molV, their -bones very ' have little V and lank, befnieared ■ ftraggling r no!c there ' a'* II i>.« HK^\ '■ I xm .■ss;.: ■"^=5^ '- .^. s.^'*s.' ^\h i^A \y 1 ii .^ / i.^ E*-^ m COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcovertes in the South Seas Sctlound the mrld. i 9 1 .;?l 'i\ m is a conftant difchargc of mucus into their ugly open mouth. The whole aflTemblage of their features forms the moft loathfome picture ot mifcry and wrctchedncfs to whicli human nature can poffibly be reduced. I'hcy had no other cloathing than a fmall piece of fcaUfkin, which hung from their ilioulders to the middle of the back, being fattened round the neck with a ftring. The reft of their body was perfedly naked, not the leaft rc- mrd ^"ing paid to decency. Their natural colour Icems .0 be an olive-brown, with a kind of glofs rc- fembling that of copper ; but many of them difguife thcmfclves with flreaks of red paint, and fomctimes, though fcldom, with white. Their whole character is the ftrongell compound of ftupidity, indifference, and inaftivity. They have no.on}<|- arms than bows and ar- ]t>ws, and their inl>rumciit^>f ihhing a kind of hfh- gags. They live chicHy on iWl £cJb, and like the fet oilv part moll. There ig noappalranco-of any^Wborri dination among them, and thcwruode of living ap- proaches nearer to that of brutes, than that of any other nation. The children go naked, and the only weapon of the men is a long tlick gcncr;\lly -hooked, and pointed at the end like a lanc-c. They live in huts made of boughs, and covered with mud, branches, &c. One lidc is open, and the fire place is in ihe mid- dle; and a whole family herd together in one of thcfc mifcrable hovels. The above mentioned iflands ar " very barren and mounuinous; but from what Mr. iikrfays, in his voyage to the South Sea, the climate would not appear to be fo rigorous and tcmpcftuous as it is repreiented in Anfon's voyage. Upon the lower grounds and iflands, that were Ihclrered by the high mountains, fc- veral forts of trees and plants, and a variety of birds, were found. Among the trees, was V/intcr's bark- tree, and a fpecies of arbuius, loaded with red fruit of the fizc of fm.\ll cherries, which were very well tafted, In fomc places there is aifo plenty of celeri. Among the birds was a fpecies of duck v.'f the lize of agoole, which ran along the fca with amazing veloci'^ , beating the water with its wings and feet : it had " j^rcy plumage, with a yellow bill and feet, and a few white quill feathers ; at the Falkland iflands it is called a log- geihead duck. Among the birds are alfo plenty of geefe and falcons. The rocks of foine of the illands arc covered with large inufcle-ihells, the fifh of which is faid to be more delicate than oy Hers. Falkland's iflands were firft difcovercd in 1594, by Sir Richard Hawkins, who named the pnnci|>nl of them Hawkins' Maidcnland, in honour ot" quctn F.li- zabeth. The prcfent name Falkland was probably given them by Capt. Strong, in 1689, and afterwards aido(yLcd by Halley. The late lord Kginont. firll lord of the Admiralty in 17<),1., then tevivcd the lihinne of a fcttlemcnt in the South Seas ; and comnKKiore Bynm was fent to take pofleflion of Falkland's illand:^ in the name of his Britannic majelly, and in his journal rcprcfents them as a valuable acquiiition. On the other hand, they arc rcprcfentcJ by Capt. M'Bridc, who in 1766 fucccedcd that gentleman, as the outcails of nature ; " We found (fays he) a nrnp of iflands and broken lands, of which the foil was nothing but a bog. with no better profpcd than that bf barren mountains, beaten by dorms almotl perpetual. Yet this is liunmeri and if the winiis of winter hold their natural proportion, thofc who lie but two-cables length from the Iho.'C, mull pafs wccka without any communication with it." The herbs and vegetables ,vhich were planted by Mr. By- ron's people ; and the lir-trce, a native of rugged and cold climates, had withered. In the fumtrer-months, wild celeri and forrel are the natural luxuries of thcfc illands. Goats, flieep, and hogs that were carried hither, were found to increafc and thrive as in other places. Geefe of a fifliy tafte^ fnipcs, penguins, foxes, and fea lions, are alCu found her«t and plenty of good ■water. ,■..■'„■,■ Though the foil be barren, and the fea tempeftuous, an Englilh fettlemcitf was made here, of which wc were difpoliclTcd by cbg Spauiardii in 177Q. That violence ■ fte was, howevcri difavowed by fte Spanifli ambalfadorj and fome concelTions were maa»to the court of Great Britain; but in order to avoid (^vjng umb'rage to the court of Spain, the fcttlcment was afterwirds aban- doned. I OnTuefday, the 7th, wc refumeii our cdwfe to the eaft, and this day only three ice iiflands were Teen. At eight o'clock in the evening. He hay/ed the wind to the S. E, for the night. On the 8th, at day-light, wc continued our courfe to the wft, being in latitude 58 deg. 30 min. S. and in 1,5 dcg. 14 min. VV. longitude. In the afteriioon paffi(wfhrcc ice i,f ands. On the 9th, the weather fair, faw fevcral ke hat could indiite • We Hood now we had a calm mofl: pftrt of the dd except at times a mow fliowcr. iflands, but not the lead'ntimatic us to think that any land was n«a^._ to N. E. with a bree;^ m\\c\\ fjffung up at S. E. On the loth, we haditowcrs of fleet and ihow; the wea- ther was picrcindBjIa, irifomuch that the watcron deck was frozen. I'TO'icc-iflands were continually in fight. On the mh, wc continued to fleer eaft. In the morn- ing wQi^pl heavy fliovvers of fnow ; but as the day advanced, wc had clear and ferene weather. At noon ^t were in latitude 58 deg. n min. and in 7 deg. 55 min. W. longitude. On the 12th, wc Bad ice iflands continually in fight, but moft of them v(cre fmall and breaking to pieces. On Monday, the iljth, wc had a heavy fall of fnow ; but, the flty clearing up, wc had a fair night, and fo ftiarp a froft, that the water in ail our veflcis on deck, was next morning covered with a ftieet of ice. On the 14th, we dpntinpf d to ftecr eaft, inclining to the north, and in tl^aftemoon croiftd the firft meridian, or that of Greenwich, in the latitude of 57 deg. 50 min. S. At eight o'clock wc had a hard gale, at S. S. W. and a high fca from the fame quar- ter. On the 1 5th, we fleered Iv N. E. till noon, w hen by obfervation, wc were in latitude of 56 dcg. 37 min. S. and in 4 deg. 1 1 min. E. longitude. Wc notv failed N. E. with a view of getting into the latitude of Cape Circumcifion. Wc had fome large ice iflands in fight, and the air was nearly as cold as the preceding day. The night was foggy, with fnow fliowcrs, and a fniarc froft. On Thurlday, the 16th, wc continued our courfe N. E. and at noon wcobferved in latitude 55 deg. 26 min. S. and in 5 dcg. 52 min. E. longitude, in which filiation wc had a great fwell from the fouth, but no ice in light. At one o'clock we llpod to S. E. till fix, when we tacked, and flood to the north. At this time we had a heavy i'all of fnow and fleet, which lixcd to the marts and rigging as it fell, and coated the whole with ice. On the 17th, we had a great high fea from the fouth, from whence we concluded no land, was near in that diredion. At this time were in lati- tude 54 deg. 20 min. S. and in 6 deg. 33 min. E. lon- gitude. On the 1 8th, the weather was fair and clear. We now kept a look-out for Cape C ircumcifion ; for if the land had ever fo Ittle extent in the direction of N. and S. we could not nufs feeing it, as the northern point is faid to lie in 54 deg. On the 19th, at eight o'clock in the morning, land appeared in the direc- tion eaft by fouth, but it proved a mere fog-bank. Wc now fleered eaft by fouth and S. E. till fevcn o'clock in the evening, when wc were in latitude 54 dcg. 42 min. S. and in 13 deg. 3 min. E. longitude. We now f lod to N. W. having a very ftrong gale, attended with fnow flioweh. On Monday, the 20th, we tacked and ftretched to N. E. and had a frefli gale attended with fnow ftiowers and fleet. At noon wc were in lati- tude 54 dcg. 8 min. S. longitude 12 min. 59 min. E. but had not the Icaft fign of land. On the 21ft, we were 5 deg. to the eaft of the longitude in w hich C ape Circumcifion is faid to lie, and continued our courfe eaft, inclining a little to the fouth, till the a2nd, when, at noon, by obfervation wc were in latitude 54 deg. 24 min. S. and in 19 deg. 1 8 min. E. longitude. We had now mcafurcd in the latitude laid down for Bqu- vet's land, thirteen degrees of longitude ; a courfe in which it is hardly pofliblc wc could have miflTcd it ; we therefore began to doubt its cxiftencc ; and concluded, . that what the Frenchman had fecn, could be nothing ;-~ ... ■ tiiore COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE~for making Di/boverics in the South Seas ScUound the mHd. i 9 1 is a conftant difcharge of mucus into their ugly open mouth. The whole aflemblagc of their features forms themoft loathfome pidture ot mifery and wrctchedncfs to which human nature can podibly be reduced. They had no other cloatiiing than a fmall piece of feaUlkin, which hung from their flioulders to the middle of the back, being faftencd round the neck with a iTring. The reft of their body was perfedly naked, not the Icaft rc- jrard ^"ing paid to decency. Their natural colour jccms 1.0 be an olive-brown, with a kind of glofs rc- fembling that of copper ; but many of them difguife themfclvcs with flrcaks of red paint, and fomctimes, though fcldom, with white. Their whole character is the ftrongcft compound of ftupidity, indifference, and inaftivity. They have no o^( arms than hows and ar- rows, and their inrtrumciin^r (iihing a kind of fifti- gags. They live chieHy on !«% .fleib, and like the f^t oilv part moll. There ig noapjj>«|rancQ.otany'ft»borT:> dination among them, and their luode of living ap- proaches nearer to that of brutes, than that of any other nation. The children go naked, and the only weapon of the men is a longtlick generally -hooked, and pointed at the end like a lance. They live in huts made of boughs, and covered with mud, branches, &c. One lidc is open, and the fire place is in the mid- dle; and a whole family herd together in one of thefc mifcrable hovels. The above mentioned idands ar " very barren and mountainous; but from what Mr. iderfays, in his voyage to the South Sea, the climate would not appear to be fo rigomus and tcmpcftuous as it is reprelented in Anfon's voyage. Upon the lower grounds and iflands, that were Iheltered by the high mountains, fe- veral forts of trees and plants, and a variety of birds, were found. Among the trees, was V/intcr's bark- tree, and a fpecies of arbulus, loaded with red fruit of the fizc of fmaJl cherries, which were very well tafted. In fome places there is alfo plenty of celcri. Among the birds was a fpecies of duck vt the iize of a goole, which ran along the fea with amazing veloci' , beating the water with its wings and feet : it had " ^rey plumage, with a yellow bill and feet, and a few w hite quill feathers : at the Falkland iflands it is called a log- gethead duck. Among the birds are alfo plenty of geefe and falcons. The rocks of fome of the illamls arc covered with large inufclc-lhelU, the filh of which is faid to be more delicate than oy Iters. Falkland's iflands were firft difcovered in r 594, by Sir Richard Hawkins, who named tlic p"inci|>nl of them Hawkins' Maidcnland, in honour of queen l',li- zabeth. The prcfcnt name Falkland was probably given them by Capt. Strong, in 1689, and afterwards adof^Lcd by Hal ley. The late lord llgmont, firll lord of the Admiralty ini7()v, then levived the Uhenne of a fcttlcmcnt in the South Se.is ; and comniotlorc Byron was fent to take pofleflion of Falkland's illands in the name of his Britannic majelly, and in his journal reprefents them as a valuable acquifition. On the other hand, they arc reprefcntcJ by Capt. M'Bride, who in 1766 fuccecded that gentleman, as the outcafts of nature : " We found (fays he) a map of iflands and broken lands, of which the foil was nothing but a bog. with no better profpcd than that bf barren mountains, beaten by Horms ahnott perpetual. Yet this is linnmer: and if the winds of winter hold their natural proportion, thole who lie bnt two-cables length from the Iho.-c, mult pafs weeks without any conununication with it." The herbs and vegetables ,vhich were planted by Mr. By- ron's people : and the lir-tree, a native of rugged and cold climates, had withered. In the fummer-months, wild celcri and forrel are thu natural luxuries of thefe illands. Goats, fluei), and hogs that were carried hither, were found to increoA: and thrive as in other places. Geefe of a fifliy tafte, fnipcs, penguins, foxes, and fea lions, are alio found her«i and plenty of good ■water. . ■ .' ' a . ■ ■(. Though the foil be barren, and the fea tempeftuous, an Englilh fettlemcttf w as made here, of which we w ere difpoUcffcd by the Spat)iards in 177Q. That violence aditc was, howevcri difavowed by fte Spanifh ambaffadorj and fome concefllons were mad»to the court of (Jreat Britain; but in order to avoid givjng umbrage to the court of Spain, the ftttlement wis afterwirds aban- doned. ] OnTuefday, the 7th, wc rcfumeil our cdjkfe to the eaft, and this day only three ice iiflands were feen. At eight o'clock in the evening. We hayjed the wind to the S. E. for the night. On the 8th, at day-light, wc continued our courfe to the |aft, being in latitude 58 deg. 30 min. S. and in 1,5 dcg. 14 min. W. longitude. In the afternoon paffiAfhree ice iQands. On the ytii, we had acalmmoft pSrt of the d^ the weather fair, except at times a fnpw ftiowcr. Wm faw fcvcial rce iflands, but not the leaft'ntimatioWhat could induce ui to think that any land was nea^a. .We Hood now to N. E. with a breej^ \TOich fprung up at S. E. On the loth, we hai^jtowcrs of fleet and fnowj the wea- ther was piercindiwro, irifomuch that the water on ileck was frozen. I'lrc^icc-inands were continually in light. On the mh, we continued to fleer eafl. In the morn- ing wfuffB heavy fliowers of fnow ; but as the day advanced, we had clear and ferene weather. At noon *e were in latitude 58 dcg. 11 min. and in 7 dcg. 55 min. W. longitude. On the 12th, we Bad ice ilmnds continually in fight, but moft of them V(ere fmall and breaking to pieces. On Monday, the 15th, wc had a heavy fall of^ fnow ; but, the (ky clearing up, we had a fair night, and fo fharp a fioft, that the water in ail our vefTels on deck, was next morning covered with a flieet of ice. On the 14th, wcdpntinp.ed to fleer call, inclining to the north, and in tWatternoon ciolfed the firfl meridian, or that of Greenwich, in the latitude of 57 deg. JO min. S. At eight o'clock we had a hard gale, at S. S. W. and a high fea from the fame quar- ter. On the 15th, we fleered !> N. E. till noon, when by obfervation, we were in latitude of 56 dcg. 37 min. S. and in 4 deg. 1 1 min. E. longitude. We t\o\v failed N. E. with a view of getting into the latitude of Cape Circumcifion. VVc had fome large ice illands in fight, and the air was nearly as cold as the preceding day. The night was foggy, w ith fnow fhowcrs, and a fniart froll. On Thurlday, the i6th, we continued our courfc N. E. and at noon weobferved in latitude 55 deg. 26 min. S. and in 5 dcg. 52 luin. E. longitude, in which fitiiation wc had a great fwell from the fouth, but no ice in light. At one o'clock we flood to S. E. till fix, when we tacked, and flood to the north. At this time we had a heavy fall of fnow and fleet, which fixed to the malls and rigging as it fell, and coated the whole with ice. On the 1 7th, we had a great high fea from the fouth, from whence we concluded no lanci was near in that diredion. At this time were in lati- tude 54 deg. 20 min. S. and in 6 deg. 33 min. E. lon- gitude. On the 1 8th, the weather was fair and clear. We now kept a look-out for Cape L ircumcifion ; for if the land had ever fo Ittlc extent in the diredion of N. and S. we could not mifs feeing it, as the northern point is faid to lie in 54 deg. On the 19th, nt eight o'clock in the morning, land appeared in the direc- tion eaft by fouth, but it proved a mere fog-bank. Wc now fleered eaft by fouth and S. E. till fevcn o'clock in the evening, when wc were in latitude 54 deg. 42 min. S. and in 13 deg. 3 min. E. longitude. Wcnow f iod to N. W. having a very ftrong gale, attended with fnowflioweh. On Monday, the 20th, we tacked and ftretchcd to N. E. and had a frclh gale attendeci with fnow fhowcrs and fleet. At noon we were in lati- tude 54 deg. 8 min. S. longitude 12 min. 59 min. E. but had not the Icaft fign of land. On the 2 1 ft, we were 5 dcg. to the eaft of the longitude in which Cape Circumcifion is faid to lie, and continued our courfc eaft, iRcliniiig a little to the fouth, till the 32nd, when, at noon, by obfervation we were in latitude 54 deg. 24 min. S. and in 19 dcg. 1 8 min. E. longitude. We had now mcafured in the latitude laid down for Bqu- vet's land, thirteen degrees of longitude ; a courfe in which it is hardly pofliblc we could have miffed it ; we therefore began to doubt its exillencc ; and concluded, that what the Frenchman had fecn, could be nothing ■■.■^. . twore ig. Capt. COOK '8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. more than a deception, or an illand (»f ice ; lur after \vc had left the fotithcrn iflcs, to the prcfcnt lime, not the lead vcftige of land had been difcovered. We faw, it is true, fome feals, and jicnguini ; but thcfe arc to be found in all parts of the (outhern ocean, and we be- lieve ihags, ganncts, boobies, and men of war birds, arc the mod indubitable (igna that denote the vicinity of lands, as they fcldoin go very far out to lea. Being at this time only two degrees ol' longitude from our route to the fouth, when we took our departure from the Cape of Good Hope, it was in vain tor us to con- tinue ourcourfe to the eaft, under this parallel; but thinking we might have fcen land farther to the fouth, fcr this reafon, and to clear up fome doubts, wc ftcered S. E. in order to get into the fituation in which it was fuppofed to lie. On the 23d, from obfervations on fc- veral diftanccsof the fun and moon, we found ourfelves in the latitude of 55 dcg. 25 min. S. and in 23 dcg. 22 min. E. longitude; and having run over the track in which the land was fuppofed to lie, without feeing any, we now was well allured the ice-iflands had ^- ceivcd Mr. Bouvct ; as at times they had deceived us. During the night the wind veered to N. W. which ena- bled us to fleer more north ; for we had now laid adde all thoughts of fearching farther after the French dif- coveries, and were determined to direvfl our courfe for ihf Cape of Good Hope, intending only by the way to look (or the ifles of IJcnia, and Marfeveen, which by Dr. Hallcy are laid down in the latitude of 41 ii:g. 5 min. and 4 deg. E. longitude from the meridian of the Cape of Good Hojj^. On Friday the 25th, we (leered N. E. and were at "Upon in latitude 52 deg. 52 min. S. longitude 26 dcg. 31 min. E, This day we faw the lall ice-ifland. On Wcdnefday, the firft of March, wc were in la- titude 46 dcg. 44 min. S. and in 23 deg. 36 min. W. longitude ; and we teak notice, that the whole time the wind blew reguUr and condant northerly, which in. eluded fevcrali^ays, the weather was always cloudy and very hazy ; but as foon as it came fouth of well, it cleared up. We alfo obfcrved, that the barometer be- gan to rife feveral days before this change happened. On the 3d, in the afternoon, we had intervals of clear weather, but at night the wind blew a heavy fquall from S. W. whereby feveral of our fails were fplit, and a middle (lay-fail was wholly lod. Our latitude was 45 dcg. 8 min. S. longitude 30 dcg. 50 min. E. On Wcdnefday, the 8lh, the thermometer rofe to 61 deg. and we were obliged to put on lighter cloaths. We were now in latitude 41 deg. 30 min. S. longitude 26 deg. 51 min. E. We had not yet fcen any (igns of land, but alb-trolTcs, petcrels, and other fca birds, were our daily vilitors. On the nth, the wind Ihifted fuddenly from N. W. to S. W. which occalioncd the mercury to fall as fuddenly frem 62 to 52 deg. fo difle- rent was the ftatc of the air between a northerly and fouthcrly wind. Our latitude this day was 40 dcg. 40 min. S. longitude 23 dcg. 47 min. E. On Sunday, the 1 2th, fome albatrolTes and petcrels were (hot, which proved an acceptable treat. This day we were nearly in the fituation, in which the ides of Denia and Marfeveen are faid to lie, and not the lead hope of finding them remained. On the 13th, we IIoikI to N. N. W. and at noon, by obfervation, were in latitude 38 dcg. 51 min. S. which was alx)ve thirty miles more than our log gave us ; to what this dilTe- reiice was owing, we could not determine. The watch alfo (hewed that we had been fet to the call. At this time wc were two degrees north of the parallel in whirh the iflcs are laid down, but found not any en- couragement to pcrfeverc in our endeavours to find them. This niuli havt confumed more time, we think, in a fruitlcfs fearch ; and every one, all having been conHiicd a long time to dale ana fait providmstwas im- patient to get into port, Wc therefore, in compliance with the general wilh, refolvcd to make the beftof our way to the Cape of Good 1 'ope. Wc v/ere now in la- titude 38 dcg. 38 min. S. and in 23 dcg. 37 min. E. longitude. On Thurfday, the i6th, at day-break, wc dcfcried 4 in the N. W. quarter, danding to the wed ward, n\o fail, one of which Ihcwed Dutch colours. At tin o'clock wc dood to the wed alfo, and were now in tiic latitude of 35 deg. 9 min. S. and in longitude 22 dtrr. 38 min. £. About this time, a quarrel arofe bctwcLii three officers, and the (hip's cooks, which was not n- conciled without ferious confequenccs. Thofe ttuvc gentlemen, upon (hmc occalion or other, entered the cook-room with naked knivc«, and with oaths, unbe- coming their charader, fwore they would take away the lives of the fird who dared to affront them, it feems they had formerly met with fome rebiidi for too much frequenting the cooks apartments, which had hi. therto palTcd in joke ; but now a regular compliiint was laid before the captain, of their unwarrantable be- haviour, and of the danger the men were in of their lives ; into which complaint the captain was under a nccclTity of enquiring ; and ufwn tinding it jud, of confining the off"enacrs in irons. While they were in this dtuation, the articles of war being read, it was found that the od'cncc was of fuch a nature as hardly to be detcrminctl without a reference to a court martial, in orderto which the two who appeared mod culpalilf, were continued prifoncra upon parole, and the third w as cleared. After this budncfs had cngrofTcd the Cap- tain's attention, he called the diip's crew together, and after recounting the particulars of the voyage, the harddiips they had met with, the fatigues they had un- dergone, and the chearfulncfs they hadcondantly dicwn in the difcharge of their duty, he gave them to under- dand, how much it would dill more recommend them to the Lords of the Admiralty, if they would prcfcrve a profound dlcncc in the ports they had yet to pafs and might enter, wilh regard to the courfes, the difcove- ries they had made, and every particular relative to this voyage ; and likewife, after their return home, till they had their lorddiips pcrmidion to the contrary ; re- quiring, at the fame tiitic, all thofe officers who had kept journals to deliver them into his cudody, to be fealed up, and not to be opened till delivered to their lordlhipsat the proper odice. In the interin> they were to be locked up fafily in a chcd. This rei|ucd was chcarfully complied with by every commiflioncd of- ficer. On Friday, the 17th, we obfcrved at noon in the la- titude of 34 dcg. 49 min. S. in the evening we faw land, about fix leaguei didant, in the direiflion of E. N. E. And there was a great fire or light upon it, throughout the Hrit part of the night. On the 1 8th, at day-brcak, we faw, at the fame didance, the land again, bearing N. N. W. At nine o'clock, we fent out a boat to get up with one of the two (hips before no- ticed ; we were fo dclirous of hearing news, that wc paid no attention to the didance, though the (liips were at lead two leagues from us. Soon after we doolitely made us a tender of fugar, arrack, and of any thing that could be fparcd out of the diip. By fome F^nglidi mariners on board her, our people were informed, that our con- fort had arrived at the Cape of Gooil Hope twelve months ago ; adding, that a boat's crew had been mur- dered and eaten by the natives of New Zealand. This intelligence fudiciently explained the mydcrious ac- counts we had received from our old friends, in Queen Charlotte's Sound. On the 19th, at len o'clock in the morning, the Englifh (hip bore down to us. She was the True Bri- ton, Capt. Broadly, on her return from China. A letter to the fecretary of the Admiralty was committed to the care of the captain^ who gcncrouny fent us frcdi providons, tea, and other articles. In the afternoon, the True Briton dood out to fca; and we in for land. At fix o'clock, wc tacked within five miles of the diorc, didant, as we conjcdurcd, aboutfix leagues from Cape Aquilai, COOKs SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seat & Round the WorlJ. 1 93 i^Briha*«i>iaiaUte Acuilas. On the aoth, wc ftood alonp fliorctothe vcft; and on the 21ft, at noon, the Tabic Mountain, over' the Cape Town, bore N. E. by E. diftanttcn liMRUcs. The next morning wc anchored in Tabic Hiyj with us, in our reckoning, it wa» Wcdncfday the jand, but with the people here, Tuefday the 21ft, wc having gained a day by running to the eafti In the bay wc found (hips of dirterent nations, among which yiL an Englifli Eaft Indiaman, from China, bound dircdiy to England. In this (hip Capt. Cook fent a copy of his journal, together with fome charts and drawings to the Admiralty. Wc falutcd the garrifon with thirteen guns, and the compliment was returned with an equal number. We now heard the deplorable ftory of the Adventure's boat's crew confirmed, with the addition of a falfc report, concerning the lofs of a a Trench fliip upon the fame ifland, w itn the total dc- ftrudion of the captain and his crew, propagated, no doubt, by the Adventure's people, to render an aft of favaj^e barbarity, that would fcarccly admit of aggra- vation, Hill more horrible. But, which gave us full fadsfaction about this matter, Capt. Furneaux had left a letter for our commander, in which he mentions the lofs of the boat, and ten of his men, in queen Char- lotte's .Sound. The day after our arrival at this plJUe, Capt. Cook, accompanied by our gentlemen, waited on llaron I'lettenberg, the Dutch Governor, by whom, and his principal officers, they were treated with the ercateft politenefs ; and as at this place rcfrcfhmcnts of ail kinds may be procured in great abundance, wc now, afrcr the numerous fatigues of a long voyage, be- gan to taftc, and enjoy the fwects of rcpofe. It is a cullom here for all the officers to rcfide on fliore ; in compliance with which, the captain, the two Eorftcrs, and Mr. Sparman took up their abotle with Mr. Brandt, well known to our countrymen for his obliging readi- nefs to fcrve them. Our jTcople on board were not ne- glcded ; and being provided daily with frcfli baked bread, frelh meat, greens, wine, &c. they were foon reftored to their ufual ftrength, and as f;;on forgot all pall h.irdfliips and dangers. All hands were employed now to fupply all our de- feds. Almoft »vcry thing except the (landing rigging was to be replaced anew ; and it is well known the thari'cs here for naval ftorcs are moft exorbitant ; for the f)utch both at the Cape and Batavia, take a fcan- daious .sd\antagc of the dirtrefs of foreigners. That our calks, rigging, fails, &c. (liould be in a fluttered condition, is caUly accounted for. In circumnaviga- ting the globe, wc mean, from Iciving this place to our return to it again, we had failed no lefs than fixty thouland miles, equal nearly to three times the equa- torial circumference of the earth ; but in all this run, vhich had been made in all latitudes, between 9 and 71 dog we fprung neither low-malls nor top-mafl ; nor broke fo much as a lower, or top-mall (lirowd. At the Cape, the curioHty of all nations was excited, to learn the fucccfs of our difcoveries, and in proportion to the earnednels of the ibiicitations, w herewith the common men were prefled, by foreign inquifitors, they took care to gratify them with wonderful relations. Hence many llrange (lories were circulated abroad, bc- t(>re it was know n fjy the people at large at home, whe- ther the Refolution had perilhed at fea, or was upon her return to Europe. Durmg our (lay here feveral foreign lliips put in and went out, bound to and. from India, namely, R(igli(h, French, Danes, and three Spanifli (hips, frigates, two going to, and one returning from Manilla. We believe it is but lately, that lliips of this nation have touched here ; and thefc were the firft to whom were allowed the fame privileges as other Euro- pean dates. Wc now loft no time in putting all things in readinefs to complete our voyage ; but wc were obliged to unhang our rudder, and were alfo d.;- layed for want of caulkers ; and it was abfolutely ne- celTary to caulk the (hip before we put to fea. On Wednefday, the a6th of April, this work was finiflied, and having got on board a frcfli fupply of provilions, and all necelCuy (lores, wc took leave of the No. 2^. governor, and his principal officers. On the 27th, wc went on board, and foon after, the wind coming fair, we weighed, and put to fea. When under fail we fa- lutcd the garrifon as is cuflomary, and they returned the compliment. When clear of the bay wc parted company^with fome of the (hips who failed out with us: the Danifli fliip fteered for the Eaft Indies, the Spa- nifli frigate, Juno, for Europe, and we and the Dutton Indiaman, for St.Helcna. Depending on the goodnefs of Mr. Kendall's watch, wc determined to attem; t to make the ifland by a dired courfe. The wind, in ge- neral, blew faint all the paflagc, which made it longer than common. On Monday the 1 5th of May, at day-break, wc faw the ifland, diftant fourteen leagues, and anchored, at midnight, before the town, on the N. W. fide of the ifland. Governor Skettowe, and the gentlemen of the ifland, treated us, while we continued here, with the greateft courtefy. In our narrative of Capt. Cook's former voyage, we have given a full defcription of this ifland ; to which wc fliall only add, that the inhabi- tants are far from cxerciling a wanton cruelty towards their flaves. Wc arc informed alfo, that wheel carri- ages and jjortcrs knots have been in ufe among them for many years. Within thefc three years a new church has been built ; fome other new buildings arc eredling, a commodious landing-place for boats has been made, and other improvements, which add both (Irength and beauty to the place. Here we finiflied fome necef'- fary repairs, which we had not time to complete du- ring our ftay at the Cape. Our empty water caflis were alfo filled, and the (hip's company had frcfli beef, at five pence per pound. This article of refrelliments is exceeding good, and the only one to be procured worth mentioning. On the aift in the evening wc took leave of the governor, and then repaired on board. The Dutton Indiaman, in company w ith us, was ordered not to fall in with Afcenfion, for which we fleered, on account of an illicit trade, carried on between the Company's (hips, and fome veflcls from North America, who of late years, had vifited the ifland on pretence of fifliing, when their real defign was to wait the coming of the India fliips. The Dutton was therefore ordered to fleer N. W. by W. or N. W. till to the north Aard of Afcenfion. With this (hip we were in company till the 24th, when wc parted. A packet for the Admiralty was put on board, and (he continued her courfe N. W. On Sunday, the 28th, wc made the ifland of Afcenfion ; and on the evening an- chored in Crofs Bay, in the N. W. (idc, half a mile from the fhore, in ten fathoms water. The Crofs-hill, fo called on account of a flag ftaff" eredled upon it in form of a crofs, bore S. 38 deg. E. and the two extreme points of the bay extended from N. E. to S. W. Wc had feveral fifhing parties out every night, and got about twenty-four turtle weighing between four and five hundred weight each. This was our principal ob- jed, though wc might have had a plentiful fupply of fi(h in general. Wc have no where feen old wives in fuch abundance ; alfo cavalies, congor eels, and various other forts. This ifland lies in the diredion N. W. and S. E. and is ten miles broad, and five or fix long. Its furface is very barren, and fcarcelj; produces a (hrub, plant, or any kind of vegetation, in the fpace of many miles ; inftead of w hich wc faw only ftones and fand, or rather flags and a(hes : hence from the general appearance of the face of this ifland, it is more than probable, that, at fome time, of which we have no account, it has been dcftroyed by a volcano. We met with in our ex- curflons a fmooth even furface in the intervals between the heaps of ftones ; but as one of our people obferved, you may as eafily walk over broken glafs bottles as over the ftones ; for if you flip, or make a falfc ftep, you are fure to be cut or lamed. At the S. E. end of the ifle is a high mountain, which feems to have been left in its original ftate ; for it is covered with a kind of white marl, producing purflain, fpui^, and one or two forts of grafst On thefc the goats (eed, which are to 3 <-' b« 194 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. t)c foim('. m tliis part of the iflc. Here arc good land crabs, and the fca alwunds with turtle from January to Juile. They always come on thorc to lay their eggs in the night, when they are caught by turning them on their backs, in whirh polition they are left on the beach till the next morning, when the turtle-catchers fetch them away. We arc inclined to think, that the turtles come to this ifland merely for the purpofe of laying their eggs, as we found none but females; nor had thofe wc caught any food in their flomachs. We faw alfo near this place abundance of aquatic birds, fuch as tropic birds, men of war, boobies, tire. On the N. K. lide we found the remains of a wrec.;; Ak fecmcd to have been a velfel of one hundred and fifty tons bur- then. We were informed, that there is a fine fpring in a valley between two hills, on the top of the moun- tain above mentioned j btlidcs great quantities of I'relh water in holes in the rocks. \\'hile the Refolution lay in the road, a Hoop belonging to New-York anchored by her. She had been to the coaft of Guinea with a cargo of goods, and came here under a pretence to take in turtle j but her re.d intention w.as, wc believe, to trallic with the ollicers of our homeward bound Eaft- Indiamcn j for llie had Iain here near a week, and had got on board twenty turtle ; whereas a floop from Ber- muda, had failed but a few days before, with one hun- dred and live on board, which were as many as flic could take in; but having turneii fevcral more on dif- ferent beaches, they inhumanly rippeJ open their bel- lies, for the fake of the eggs, and left tnc carcafes to putiity. The centre of this illanii of .'Vfccniion is (itu- ated in the latitude of 8 deg. S. and 14 deg. 28 inin. 30 fee. \V. longitude. On Wediirfilny, the 31ft of May, wc departed froni the illand of Afccnlion, and fleered, with a line gale at S. t. by I'., for that of Fernando de Noronha, on the coall of IJralil, in order to determine its longitude. In our pallligc for this place, wc had very gooil weather, and line moon light nights, which atlorded us many opportunities of making lunar ohfervatious. On the 9th of June we made the illand, which had the ap- pearance of feveral detached hills ; the largell of which very much rcfembled the ftcepic of a church. As we ad\anced, and drew near it, we found the fea broke in a vio viit furf on fome funkcn rocks, which lay about a league from the fliore. We now hoifted Englilh co- lours, and bore up round the north end of the i(le, which is a group of little illots ; for wc perceived plainly, that the land was unconneded, and divided by narrow- channels. On one of thefe, next the main, are fe- veral ftrong forts, rendered fo by the nature of their lituation, which is fuch as to command all the anchor- ing and landing places aboutthc ifland. Wc continued to fail round the northern point, till the fandy beaches, before which is the road for fliipping, and the forts were open to the wcflward of the faid point. As the Refo- lution advanced, a gun was fired, and immediately the Portuguefe colours were difplayed on all the forts : but not intending to Hop here, we fired a gun to the lee- ward, and flood away to the northward, with a frelh breeze at K. S. E. The hill, which appears like a church tower, bore S. 27 deg. W. five miles diftant ; and from our prefent point of view it appeared to lean, or over-hang to the cafh Fernando de Noronha is in no part more than fix leagues in extent, and exhibits an unequal furface, well cloathcd with wood and her- bage. Its latitude is 3 deg. 53 min. S. and its longi- tude carried on by the watch, from St. Helena, is 32 deg. 34 min. W. Don Antonio d'Ulloa, in his ac- count of this ifland, fays, " that it hath two harbours, capable of receiving fhips of the greatcft burden ; one is on the north fide, and the other on the N. W. The former is, in ever)' refpcdl, the principal, both for fheltcr and capacioufncfs,and the goodnefsof its bottom; but both are expofcd to the north and weft, though thefe winds, particularly the north, are periodical, and of no long continuance. You anchor in the nonh har- bour (which Capt. Cook called a road) in thirteen fa- thoms water, one third of a league from the fhore, bot- , i . v.. torn of fincfand ; the peaked hill bearing S. W. j dojr. foutherly." This road, or (as Ulloa terms ii) harbour is very fccurc for fhipping, being (heltercd from the fouth and cafts winds. A nurincr in our fhip, had been aboard a Dutch Eaft Indiaman, who, on account of her crew being fickly, and in want of rcfrcfhments put into this iflc. By him wc were informed, that the Portuguefe fupnlied them with fomc buffaloes; and that they got tneir water behind one of the beaches from a fiiiall pool fcarccly big enough to dip a bucket in. On Sunday, the nth of June, at three o'clock P. M. in longitude 31 deg. 14 min. we crolfcd the line. \\e had fqually weather from the E. S. E. with fliowersof rain, which continued, at times, till the, 12th, and on the 23th the wind became variable. At noon were in the latitude of.3 deg. 49 min. N. and in 31 deg. 47 min. W. longitude. We had now for moft part of the day, dark, gloomy weather, till the evening of the 1 5th, at which time wc were in latitude 5 deg. 47 min. N.* and in 31 deg. W. longitude. After this we had three fucceflive calm days, in which wc had fair wea- ther and rains, alternately ; and fonKtimes the Iky was obfcured by denfc clouds, which broke in very heavy fhowers of rain. On Sunday, the 1 8th, wc hail a breeze at caft, which fixed at N. E. and wc ftretchcJ to N. W. As wc advanced to the north, the gale in- crcafcd. On Wedncfday, the 21ft, Capt. Cook or- dered the IHII to be fct to work, w ith a view of makin;; the greateft quantity pofflble of frefli water. To try this experiment, the Hill was fittcil to the largclhop- per we had, which heW about fixty-four gallons of fait water. At four o'clock, A. M. the fire was lighted, and at fix the flill began to run. The operation was continued till fix in the evening: at which time we had obtained thirty-two gallons of frelli water, and con- fumed one bulhel and a half of coals. At noon, the mere ury in the thermometer was eighty-tour and ,1 h \lf, as high as it is generally found to rife at (n. I lad it been lower, more water would have been pr>'. cured; for it is well known, that the colder the air is, the cooler the flill may be kept, whereby the fleam will be condenfed fafler. 'I'his invention upon the whole is a ufetiil one, but it would not be prudent for a navi- gator to irufl wholly to it ; f()r though with plenty of tiiel, and good coppers, a.s much water maybe'ob- tainetl, as will be necelHiiy to fuppori life, yet the iit- moll ellorts that can be employed in this work, will not procure a fuflicien^y to fupport health, cfpecially in hot climates, where frelh \»ater is moft wanted; ami in the opinion of Capt. Cook, founded on cxpcriemc, the befl judge of this matter, nothing can concrihutc" more to the health of feamcn, than their having plcn.y of iweet frelh water. On Sunday, the 25th, we were in latitude 16 ilcg. 12 min. N. and in 37 deg. 20 min. W, longitude. Ob- ferving a fliip to windward, bearing down upon us, wc ihortencd fail; but on her approacTiing, wc found iiv her colours flie was Dutch ; wc therefore made fail again, and left her to purfue her courfc. On the jSth, wc oblervcd in thelaiiiudeof 21 deg. 21 min. N. lon- gitude 40 deg. 6 min. W. and our i niiric in.idc g(xul was N. by W. On the 30th, a fi ip palled us within hale : but flic was prcfently out of light, and wc judi;cd her to be Englilh. Wc w ore now in the latitude oi':4 deg. 20 min. N. longitude 40 deg. 47 min. W. In la- titude 29 dec. 30 min. we f;i\r Ibme fea-plants, com- monly called gulph weed, becaufe it is fupiiofed to come from the gulph of Florida ; it may Ik- lo, and yet it certainly vegetates at fea. Wc continued to fee this plant in finall pieces, till in the latitude ol'36 dei',. N. beyond which parallel wc faw no more of it. C)ii Wedncfday, the 5th of July, the wind veered to the eaft ; and the next day it was a calm. On the 7th and 8th wc had variable light airs; but on the 9th, the wind fixed at S. S. W. after which we had a frefli gale, and fleered firfl N. E. and then E. N. E. our intention be- ing to make fome of the Azores, or Weftcrn Iflcs. On Tucfday, the nth, wc were in latitude 36 deg. i 45 min. cook's second VOYAGE—lor making DiCcoveries in the SouthScus k. Round tlic It'urU. , ^ ^ At, min. N. and in ^6 dcg. 45 min. W. longitude,. when If. .Icfcricd a fail neering to the weft j and on the 1 ath, wi dcfcricd a fail neering 1 wccanie in fight of three more. On Thurfday, the ijth, wc made the ifle of Fayal, and on the i4tn, at d.-ly-brcak, we entered the bay of l)c Horta, and at eight o'clock anchored in twenty fa- thoms water, about half a mile from the Ihorc. Our dclign in touching at this place, was to make obferva- tions, from whence might be determined with accu- racy the longitude of the Ar.orcs. We were di reded by the maftcr of the port, who came on board before wc cart anchor, to moor N. K. and S. W. in this ftation, the S. W. point of the bay Iwre S. 1 6 deg. W. and the N. E. point, N. i^ dcg. li. The church at the N. L'. end of the town N. 3R dec. \V. the weft point of St George's illand N. 42 dcg. L. diflant eight leagues ; and the ille of Pico extending from N. 74 deg. K. to S. 46 dcg. H. diflnnt five miles. In the hay wc found the I'ouivoycr, a large French frigate, an American (loop, and a brig belonging to I'ayal. On the 14th, the Captain fent to the luiglilh conful, and notified our arrival to the governor, begging hi:i pcrniillion to gpnt Mr. Wales an op[)ortunity to make his obfervations onlliorc. This was readily granted, and Mr. Dent, who aclcd as conful in the abfence of Mr. Gathornc, not only procured this pcrniillion, but acconmiodated Mr. Wales with a convenient place in his garden to fet lip his inllrumcnts ; and in fcveral other particulars, this ircntlenian difcovered a IViendly rcadinefs to oblige us; even his houfe was always at our command both night ami dav ; and the entertainment we met w ith there was liberal and hofpitablc. AH the time we (laid at this place, the crew of our fliip were fupplied with plenty of Irelh beef, and we purchafed about (ifty tons of water, at the rate of about three fliillinji;s per ton. To hire rtiore lioats is the moll general cuflom here, though iliips are allowed, if they prefer many inionvenicncics tea trilling expcncc, to water with their own boats. Frelh provilions may be got, and hogs, llicep, an. I poultry, for fca-llock, at reafonable rates. The (Lcep are not only fmall, they are alio very poor ; but the bullocks and hogs are exceeding good. 1 lere is plenty of wine to be had. Ikfore we proceed with our own obfervations, made during our alxide at I'ayal, it. may be agreeable to our rcailers, to give them a brief .iccount and defcription ol all the .Azores, or Wellcrn Illands. Thefe have b\ dill'ercnt geographers, been varioufly deemed parts ol America, Africa, and fuiropc, as they are almoll m a central point; but wc apprehend they may with more propriety be confidercd as belonging to the latter. They arc a group of iflands, litiiated in the .\tlantii- ocean, between twenty- live and thirty-two degrees of weft longitude, and between thirty-feven and forty north latitude, nine hundred miles weft of Portugal, and as many call of Newfoundland. They are nine in number, viz. St. Maria, -St. Miguel or St. Michael, I'erceira, St. George, Craciofa, l-ayal, Pico, Flores, and Corvo. Thefe illands were firft difcovered by fome Flemifli ihips in 1439, ^^^ aftti wards by the Portugucfe in 1447, to whom they now belong. The two wcltern- inoil were named Mores and Corvo, from the abun- dance of flowers on the one, and crows on the other. They arc all fertile, and fubjed to a governor-general, who rcfides at Angra in Terccira, which is alfo the feat of the bifliop, whofc dioccfe extends over all the A/ores. The income of the latter, which is paid in wheat, amounts to about two hundred pounds rterling a year. On every illand there is a deputy-governor, w ho diredts the police, militia, and revenue ; and a juiz, or judge, is at the head of the law depwrtment, from whom lies an appeal to a higher court at Terceira, and from thence to the fupreme court at Lilbon. The n.uivcs of thefe iflands are faid to be very litigious. St. Miguel, the largeft, is one hundred miles in circumference, contains about twenty-nine thoufand inhabitants, and is very fertile in wheat and flax. Its chief town is Panta del Gado. This ifland was twice ravaged by the F'jiglilb in the time of queen Elizabeth. Terceira is reckoneil the chief ifland, on aiioiuuof us having the bell harbour! and its' chief town, named Angra, being the rdidcncc of the govern{)r-fi,cneraI and the bilhop. The town contains a cathedral, live other churches, eight convents, feveial courts of of- fices, &c. and is deficnded by two forts. The ifland of Pico, (i) called fnmi a mmintairt of vaft hcij^ht, produces excellent wine, uoar, and a valual le wood called teixos. On the fouth of the ifland is the principal harbour, called \'illa dai Ligens. The inhabitants of Floris having been many years ago infected with the vene>, .il elifeale by the crew of a Spanifli manof war, thvVi was wrecked upon their coafV, the evil, it is faid. flill maintains its ground there, none of the inhabitants being free from it, as in Peru, and fome parts ot Siberia. Travellers relate, that no poifonous or venomous ani- mal is to be found in the Azores, and that if carried thither, it will expire in a few hours. One tenth of all their produdlions belong to the king, and the arti- cle of tobacco brings in a conlider.iUle fum. The wine, called I'ayal wine, is chiefly railed in the ifland of Pico, which lies opposite to I'ayal. I rom eighteen to twenty thoufand jiipes of that w.ne are made there ) early. All of thefe iflands enjoy ; falubrious air, but areexpofed to violent earthquaki^ fromwhich they have frequently fuftcred. Villa de I lorta, the chief town in Fayal, like all the towns belonging to the Portugucfe, is crowdetl with religious buildings ; there being no Icfs in this little city, than three convents for men, and two for vomen. 1 lere are alfo eight churches, including thole belonging to the convents, and that in the Jefuits college. This college is a noble flruCturc, and ieated on an elevation ill the pleafantell part of the cit)-. Since the expul- lion of that order, it has been fuHcred to go to decay, and, in a few years, by the all confuniing hand of time, may be reduced to a heap of ruins. The principal |)roduce of Fayal is wheat and Indian corn, with which the inhabitants fupply Pico, which in return fends them wine more than fuflicientfor their confumption, (vrcatijuantiiies being annually (hipped from De Horta (lor ai Pico there is no road for Ihipping) for America, whence it has obtained the name of I''ayal wine. The Villa de Horta is lituated in the bottom of a bav, clofc to the eilge of the lea. It is defended by two caflles, one at each end of the town, and a rtonc work extend- ing along the lea fliore from the one to the other. But thefe works ferve more for Ihew iV 1 defence ; but it is a pity tlicy lliould be fuH'ercd to ■ n to decay; feeing tile) heighten greatly the piofpedt of the city, which is \ cry beautiful from the road ; but fetting aflde the religious houfes and churches, we faw not another edi- fice, that has any thing cither within or without to re- commend it. It is not the cuflom in thefe parts among the Portugucfe, or .Spaniards, to have glafs windows, but in this town the churches, and a country houfe lately belonging to the F'.n^lilh conful, have their win- dows glazed : all others are latticed, which gave them in our eyes the appearance of prifons. Before this Villa, at the caft end . of the iflanti, is the bay or road of Fayal, which liices the well end of Pico. It is a fcmi-circle, about two miles in diameter ; and its depth, or femi-diametcr, is three-fourths of a mile. The bot- tom is fandy, and the depth of water from flx to tw cnty fathoms ; but near the fliore, particularly at the S. W. head, the bottom is rocky ; as it alfo is without the line that connects the two points of the bay ; on w hich account it is not fafc to anchor too far out. The bear- ings which we have laid down when moored in this road, are fiifiicient to direct any flccrfman to the bed ground. The winds to which tliis road lies mod cx- pofed arc thofe that blow from between the S. S. W. and S. E. but as you can alwtiysgct to fea with the lat- ter, this is not fo dangerous as the former ; and we were told, there is a fmall cove round the S. W. point, called Porto Piere, w here fmall vcifels are heaved dow n, and wherein a fliip may lay tolerably fafe. Upon the whole, we by no means think this road of Fayal a bad one. We wore 196 Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. '■i\ rt' ! were inlbnncd, by a PortuRuifc captain of the follow- ing particulars, which, if truf, arc not unworthy of notice. However, his account may be attended to by captains of (hips, though not entirely relied on. '1 his Portugucfc toitfus, that in the dirciftion of S. E. about half a league from the road, and in a line between that and the fouth (ides of Pico, lies a concealed funkcn rock, covered with twcnty-two fathom water, and on which the fca breaks from the fouth. He alio gave us to underdand, that of all the Ihoals al out thefc illcs that arc laid down in our charts, and pilot books, only one has any exiftence, which lies between the illands of St. Mary and St. Michael, called Hormingan. He further informed us, that the dilhncc between Fayal and the ifland of Flores, is forty-five leagues; and that there nms a ftrong tide betw een r'ayal and Pico,thc flooil fctting to the N. E. and the ebb to the S. W. but out at fca, the dircdion is call and welh By various obfcr- vations, the true longitude of this bay was found to be a8 dec. 39 nun. 18 (cc. and an half. On Wcdncfday.the 19th, at four o'clock A. M. wc failed out of the bay, and (leered for the weft end of St. George's ifland. Having pafl'cd this, we (haped our cour(c E. half S. for the iiland of Tcrccira; and after a run of f»urteen leagues, wc found ourfclvcs not more than one league from the weft end. Wc now pro- ceeded as expcditioufty as the wind would permit for England ; and on Saturday, the 2()th, we made the land near Plymouth. On the follow ing day, the 30th, wc caft anchor at Spithead, when Lapt. Cook, in com- pany with MefTrs. Wales, Forfters, and Hodges, landed at Portfmouth, and from thence let out for London. The whole time of ourabfcnce from England was three years and eighteen days ; .md owing to the unbounded goodncfs of an Almighty Piefcrvcr, who indulgently favoured our attempt,' and fecondcd our endeavours, notwithftanding the various changes of climates (and they were as various as can be experienced) we loft only one man by (ickncfs, and three by other caufes. Even the fmglc circumftance of keeping the (hip's company in health, by means of the grcateft care and attention, will make rhis voyage remarkable in the opinion of every humane perfon; and we truft the grand end of this expedition, and the purpofcs for which we were font into the fouthcrti hemifphcrc were diligently and fufficicntly purfucd. The Refolution made the circuit of the fouthern ocean in a high latitude, and Capt. Cook traverfcd ir In fuch a manner, as to leave no room for a mere podibiiity of there being a continent, unlefs near the pole, and confequently out of the reach of na- vigation. However, by having twice explored the tropical fca, the (ituation of old difcoveries were de- termined, and a number of new ones made ; fo 'hat, we flatter ourfelves, upon the whole, the intention if the voyage has, though not in every refpeft, yet u]K>n the whole, been fufTiciently anfwered ; and by having explored fo minutely the fouthcm hemifphcre, a (inal end may, perhaps, be put, to fetching after a rnnti- ncnt, in that part of the globe, which has, of late years, and, indeed, at times, for the two la(\ centu- ries, engrofTed the attention of fome of the maritime powers,°and been a favourite theory among geogra- phers of alt ages. The pro'uability of there being a continent, or Targe track ot land, near the Pole, has been already granted j and we may have feen part of it. The extreme cold, the numberlefs iflands, and the vaft floats of ice, give ftrength to this conjciiture, and all tend to prove, that there muft be main land to the fouth ; but that this muft extend fartheft to the north, oppofitc to the fouthern Atlantic and Indian •ceans, we have already afligncd fcveral rcafons ; of which one is, the greater degree of cold in thefe feas, than in the fouthern Pacific Ocean, under the fame parallels of latitude ; for in this laft ocean, the mer- cury in the thermometer feldom fell fo low as the free- zing point, till we were in latitude 60 dcg. and up- wards ; whereas in the other oceans, it fell as low in the latitude of 54 deg, the caufc whereof we attributed to a greater quantity of ice, which extended ftirther north in the Atlantic and Indian oceans, than in the fouth Pacific Sea 1 and fuppoflng the ice to be lirll formed at, or near land, of which wc arc fully per. fuadcd, it will be an undeniable confciiucnce, that the land extendi farther north. Uut what benefit can a*. cruc from lands thus (ituated. (hould they be difio- verctl ? I.inds doomed to cvcrlafting frigidnefsj anj w hofc horrible and favage afpcvt no language or wctrdi can dcfcribe. Will anv one venture farther in fcaich after fuch a country, than our brave and Ikilful com- mander has dune? Let hiin procad, and may the (lod of univerfal nature be his guiile. Wc heartily wilU him fuccefs, nor will we envy him the honour of his dif. covery. In behalf of ourfclvcs, the Editors, who have the honour of fubmitting to the judgment of the pub- lic, this New, and complete Hiftory ot Captain C'ook'i Second Voyage, wc muft not l\\y much, as by that judcrment we (land or fall : thus much, however, wc will venture to fay, that this narrative is not deledivc in point of intelligence, that the fads ore true, and that the whole is exprcftcd in an eafy ftilc, which, wc Hatter ourfelves will not be dif])leafing to our numerous friends, whole favours we here take ilie opportunity of gratefully acknowledging, [t has been obfervcd, that the principal ofticers of the Reloiution ilelivercd their journals into the cuftody of Capt. Cook j and, on hii arrival in England, Capt. l-'urncaux alfo put into hij hands a narrative of what happened in the Adventure after her final feparation from the Refolution. But it is here neceflary to remark further, that fome of. (icers in both Jhips referved their private journals, and certain ingenious memorials, to gratify the curiofity of their friends. From fuch materials thefe (lieets arc compofed ; nor have we had recourfe to any printed au- thorities, but from the folc view of correding errors in fome places, and rendering this undertaking, a full, comprchenfivc and perfed work. This premifed, we (hall now lay before our readers a complete narrative of Capt. Furneaux's proceedings in the Adventure, to which we (hall fubjointhc improvementsthat have been made, rcfpedUng the means ol preferv ing the healtli of our feamen, and particularly thofe that were iifcd by Capt. Cook in his royages ; and to thefe wc (hail add, a t-iblc of the language of the natives of the So( iety Ifles, with an explanation of their meaning in Eng- lifti, &c. &c. A new, accurate, concifc, and complete .Accolnt of Capt. FURNE.MJX's proceedings in the Advfn- TURE, from the time he was feparatcd from the Rt- soLUTiov, to his arrival in England ; wherein is comprifed a faithful relation relpci'ling the boat's crew, who were murdered, and eaten by the Can- nibals of QcKEN Ciiarlottl's Sou.sd in New Zea- land. . 1^ IN Odober wc made the coaft of New • ' ''J' Zealand, after a palFage of fourteen days from Amflcrdam, and flood along fliore till wc reached Cape Turnagain, when a heavy (lorni blev/ us ofl" the coaft for three days futceflively, in w hich time we were feparatcd from our confbrt, the Refolution, and law her not afterwards, in the courfe of her voyage. On Thurfday, the 4th of November wc regained the fliorc, near to Cape Pallifer. .Some of the natives brought us in their canoes abundance of cray-fi(h and fruit, which they exchanged for our Otaheite cloth, nails, &c. On the 5th the ftorm again returned, and we were driven oft" the fliore a fecond time by a vio- lent gale of wind, accompanied with heavy falls of fleet, which laftcd two days ; fo that by this time our decks began to leak, our beds and bedding were wet, which gave many of our people colds ; and now we were moftof us complaining, and all began to dcfpair of ever getting into the found, or, which we had mod at heart, of joining the Refolution. Wc combated the ftorm till Saturday, the 6th, when being to the north of the Cape, and " . \ nga hard gale fromS. W. we bore away for fon >• n in order to complete our wood and water, of ben. which articles wc were at pre* lent. COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Dijhvenes in the South S,-as *c Roun lie IForU. 1 97 font, in great want. I'or fonic ilayj p:»ft wc had been at the allowance of one quart of water, and it was thought fix or fcvcn days more wdUld dcnrive us even of that fcanty pittance. On Tucfday, tne 9th, in la- titmie j8 dcg. Ji iriin. S. and in 178 dcg. 37 min. E. longitude, we canic abrcaft of Tohga bay, and in the fiirc'noon anchored in eleven fathoms water, nift'miiddy irround, which lays acrofs the bay for about two miles. This harbour is open from N. M. K. to E. S. E. nevcr- thcicfs, it affords good riding with a wcftcrly wind; .inil here are regular foundings from five to twelve fa- thonx. VVoou and water arc eafily procured, except rti n thf winds blow hard eaftcrly, and then, at fuch times, which arc but feldom, they throw in a ureat \a. The natives about this bay arc the fame as tnofe at (^iccn Charlotte's Sound, but more numerous, and hnvc regular plantations of fweet potatoes, and other roots. They have plenty of filli of all forts, which we purchali'd with nails, beads, and other trifles. In one of their canoes, wc faw the head of a woman lying in Hate, adorned with feathers, and other ornaments. It hail all the appearance of life, but, upon a nearer view, wc found it had been dried ; yet, every feature was in due prcfcrvation and perfcdt. Wc judged it to have hccn the head of fome dectafed relative, kept as a relic. It W.1S at an ifland in this bay where the Endeavour's people obferved the largeft canoe they met with during their whole voyage. It w 33, according to account, no Iris than fixty-eight feet and a half long, five broad, and three feet fix inches hiijh : it had a (harp bottom, conliftingof three trunks of trees hollowed, of which that in the middle was longeft : the fide planks were fixty-two feet long in one piece, and were ornan cnted «i,li carvings, not unlike fillagree work, in fpiiai-. of very curious workmanlliip, the extremities whereof vorc dofed with a figure that torined the head of the vellcl, in which were two monflrous eyes of moth' r of pnri, and a large fliapcd tongue ; and as it defccndcd it Hill retained the figure of a monrtcr, with hands and feet carved upon it very neatly, and painted red. It had alio a high peaked ftcrn, wrought in lillagrec, and adorned with feathers, from the top of which two long (Ircaniers depended, made of the fame materials, which aiinod reached the wafcr. From this defcription wc niif;ht be ttniptcd to fuppofc, thefe canoes to be the vellcls, and this to be the coiuitry, lying to the fouth, di' which Qiiiros received intelligence at Taumaio; unJ where loubia faid they ate men, and had fuch large Ihips as he could not defcrilw. On Frid.^y, the i;th, having taken aboard ten tons of water and Ionic wootl, wc fet fail for the Sound; but wc were li-arccly out when the wind began to blow dead hard on the lliore, fo that, not being able to clear the land on cither tack, wc were obliged to return to the bay, where we arrived the next morning of the 1,1th; and having anchored, wc rcnle out a heavy gale of wind at E. by .S. attended with a very great lea. We now began to fear the weather had put it out of our power to join our confort. having reafon to believe flie was in Char- lotte Sound, the ap|X)inted place of rendezvous, and by this time ready for fea. Part of the crew were wow employed in ftopping leaks, and repairing our rigging, which was in a moll (hattered coruiition. On the 14th and 15th, wc hoillcd out our boats, and fcnt them to increafe our Itock of w ood and water ; but on the Uft d.iy the furf rofc fo high, that they could not make the land. On Tucfday, the 16th, having made the fliip as fnug as polTible, wc unmoored at three o'( l(Kk A. M. and before fix got under way. From this time to the twenty-eighth, wc had nothing but tcmpclluous weather, in which our rigging was almon blown to pieces, and our men quite worn down with fa- tigue. On Monday, the 29th, our water being nearly expended, we were again reduced to the fcanty allow- ance of a quart a man per diem. Wc continued beat- ing backward and forward till the loth, when the wea- ther became more moderate ; and having got a favour- able wind, wc were fo happy at laft as to gain with fafety our defircd port. After getting through Cook's Straics, wc call anchor at three o'clock, P. M. in No. aj. Queen Charlotte's .Sound. We faw m.LMing of the Re- folution, and l)cgan to doubt her fafety t but upon hav- ing landed, we difcovercd the place where (he had pitched her tents; and upon further cxaminai ion, «>n an old ftump of a tree, we read thefe wonN cur out " Ixx)k underneath." Wc complied inlhmtly w'th thefe inflrudions, and, digging, foon foimd a bottle corked and waxed down, wherein was a letter froi\i Capr. Cook, informing us of their arrival at this place on the 3d innant,and their departure on the 24th, and that they intended fficnding a few days in the entrance of the Straits to hwk for us. We immediately f«t about the ncceflaryrepairaof the fhip, with an intention of getting her to fea as foon as pofliblc. On the 1 ft of December, the tents were carried on fl.orc, the armou- rer's forge nut up, and every preparation iriade for the recovery of^ the fick. The coopers were difpatchcd on ftiore to mend the ca(1(s, and wc began to unftow the hold to get at the bread ; but upon opening the cafks, wc found a great quantity of it entirely fpoilcd, and moft part fo damaged, that we were obliged to bake it over again, which unavoidably delayed us fi)me time. At intervals, during our ftay here, the lutives came on board as ufual with great familiarity. They generally brought filh, or whatever they had to barter with us, and ieemed to behave with great civiUtv ; though tw ice in one night they came to the tents w ith an inten- tion of ftcaling, but were difcovercd before they had accompliflicd their dcfign. A party alfo came dow n in the night of the i jth, and robbed the aftronomcr's tent of every thing they could carry awav. This they did fo quietly, that they were not fonnicn as heard, or fufpeded, till the aftrononier getting up 10 make an obfcrvation, mifTcd his inllnimcnts, and charged the centincl with the robbery. This brought on a pretty fevere altercation, during which they ipicd an Indian creeping from the tent, at whom Mr. Bailey fired, and woundod him ; neverthelcfs he made a thift to retreat into the woods. The report of the gun had alu.nied his confederates, who, inftead of puttmg off from the Ihore, fled into the wcmxIs, leaving their canoe, with moft of the things that had been uolcn, a-grcand on the beach. This petty larceny, it is probable, laid the foundation of that dreadful cataftrophc which foon alter happened. On Friday, the 1 7th, at which time we were preparing for our departure, we fcnt out our large cutter, manned with 7 fcamen, under the command of Mr. John Rowc, the firft mate, accompanied by Mr. Woodhouf., mid- fhipman, and James Tobias Swilley, the carpenter's fervant. They were to proceed up the Sound to Giafs Cove, to gather greens and celery for the Ihip's com- pany, w ith orders to return that evening ; fo;- the tents had been ftruck at two in the afternoon, and the (hip made ready for failing the next day. Night coming on, and no cutter appcarmg, the captain and others began to exprefs great uneafincfs. They fat up all night, in expcdtation of their arrival, but to no purpoie. At day-break, therefore, the Captain ordered the launch to be hoifted out. She was double manned, and under the command of our fecond lieutenant, Mr. Burney, accompanied by Mr. Freeman, n'aHer, the corporal of marines w ith five private men, all well armed, and hav- ing plenty of ammunition, two wall pieces, and three days provifions. They were ordered firft to look into eaft bay, then to proceed to Grafs Cove, and if nothing was to be fecn or heard of the cutter there, they were to go further up the cove, and return by the weft fhorc. Mr. Row having left the fliip an hour before the time propofcd for his depanurc, we thought his curiofity might have carried him into call; bay, none of our peo- ple having ever been there, or that fomc accident might have happened to the boat ; for not the leaft fufpicion was entertained of the natives, our boats havirig been higher up, and worfc provided. Mr. Burney returned about eleven o'clock the fame night, and gave us a pointed defcription of a moft horrible fcenc indeed ; the fubftancc, and every material particular of whofa report, arc contained m the following relation, which includes the remarks ofthofe who attended Mr. P'lmev. i P On :, ,.*..iJ'-* 198 Capt. C O O K s VOYAGES COMPLETE. f. < ! On Satu'day the 1 8th, purfuant to our orders, we left the (hip, about nine o'clock in the morning. Hav- ing a light breeze in our favour, we foon got round Long Ifland, and L- ng Point. W'c continued failing and rowing for Eafl Bay, keeping clofe in ftiore, and examining with our glalles every cove on the lar- board fldc, till near two o'clock in the afternoon, at which time we ftoppcd at a beach on our left going up Eaft Bay, to drefs our dinner. While wc were cooking we faw an Indian on the oppofite fhorc, run- ning along a beach to the head of the bay ; and when our meat was ju 11 done, we perceived a company of the natives fcemingly very bufy ; upon feeing which, we got immediately into the boat, put off, and rowed qiiicldy to t* e place where the favagcs were affcmblcd, which was ul the head of this reach ; and here, while approaching, we difcerncd one of their fettlements. As we drew near fomc of the Indians came down upon the rocks, and waved for us to depart; but perceiving we difregarded them, they altered their gelturcs, and wild notes. At this place weobfervi.d fix large canoes hauled upon the beach, moft of them being double ones ; but the number of people were in proportion neither to the (\tk of thefe canoes, nor the number of houfcs. Our little company, confiding of the cor- poral and his five marines, headed by Mr. Burney, now landed, leaving the boat's crew to guard it. Upon our approach the natives fled with great precipitation. V\'f followed them clofely to a little town, which we found deferted ; but w hile we were employed in fearch- ing their huts, the natives returned, making a lliew of refinance ; but fome trifling prefcnts being made to their chiefs, they were very foon appeafed. However on our return to the boat, the favages again followed us, and fome of them threw (loncs. As we came down to the beach, one of the Indians had brought a bundle of Hepatoos, or long fpcars, but feeing Mr. Burney looked very earncftly at him, he walked about with fecming unconcern. Some of his companions appear- ing to be terrified, a few trifles were given to each of ilicin. From the place where we now landed, the bay fii-nudto runafull nule, N. N. W. where it ended in a long fandy beach. After dinner we took a view of tlie country near the coaft with ourglaflcs, but faw not a canoe, or ligns of inhabitants, after which we fired the wall pieces as fignals to the cutter, if any of the people flunild happen to be within hearing. Wcnow renewed our fcaich along the cafi lliore; and came to aiiotliL-r fettlcnicnt where the Indians invited us afliore. We enquired of them about the cutter, but they pre- tended ignorance. They Icemed very friendly, and fold us fome filh. At about five o'clock in the afternoon, and within an hour after we had left this place, wc opened a fmall bay aiijoining to Cirals Cove, and here we faw a large donhle canoe, juft hauled upon the beach, with two Tiun and a dog. The two favages, on feeing us ap- proach, infiantly fled, which made us fufped, it was here wc iliould have fome tidings of the cutter. On landing, and examining the canoe, the firll thing wc faw therein were one of our cutter's rullock ports, and fomc flioes, one of w hich among the latter, was known to be- long to Mr. Woodhoufe. A piece of flefli was found by one of our people, which at firft was thought to be fomc of the fait meat belonging to the cutter's men, but upon examination, we fuppofcd it to be dog's flefli ; a moll horrid and undeniable proof foon clcarecl up our doubts, and convinced us we were among no other than cannibals; for advancing further on the beash, we faw about twenty balkets tied up, and a dag eating a piece ct" broiled flefli, which upon examining we fuf- pccled to be human. We cut open the balkets, fome ot w hich were full of roaftcd flefli, and others of fern root, which ferves them for bread. Searching others wc found more flioes, and a hand, which was imme- diately known to have belonged to Thomas Hill, one of our fore-cafile men, it having been tatowcd with the initials ol liis name. We now proceeded a little way in rlie wood:, but faw nothing elfc. Our next dcfign \Ki> to launch the canoe, intending to dcltroy her; but feeing a great finoke afccnding over the ncarcll hill, we made all poflible hallc to be with them before fun-fef. At half after fix we opened Grafs Cove, where wc faw one fingle, and three double canoes, and a urcat many natives aflcmbled on the beach, who retreated to a fmall hill, within a fliip's length of the water- fide, where they flood talking to us. On the top of the high land, beyond the woods, was a larj^e fire from whence all the way down the hill, the place was thronged like a fiiir. When we entered the cove, a mufquetoon was fired at one of the canoes, as we ima- gined they might be full of men lying down ; for they were all afloat, but no one was feen in them. Bcinir doubtful whether their retreat proceeded from fear, or a defirc to decoy us into an ambufcai'e, wc were deter- mined not to be furprifcd, and therefore running clofc in lhore,we dropped the grappling near enough to reach them with our guns ; but at too great a difl^ance to be under any apprehcnlions from their treachery. The favages on the little hill kept their ground, hallooin", and making figns for us to land. At thefc wc now took aim, icfolving to kill as many of them as our bullets would reach ; yet it was fomc time before wc could diflodgc them. The firll volley did not feem to aflcd them much ; but on the fecond, they began to fcramble away as faft they could, fomc how ling and others limping. We continued to fire as long as' we could fee the Icaft glimpfe of any of them through the buflies. .\mong thefc were two very robull niin, who maintained their ground, without moving ani.ich, till they found theuifelves forfaken by all their compa- nions, and then, difdaining to run, they marclicd otV with great compufiire and deliberation. One of tiiciii, however, got a tall, and either lay there, orciaulcJ away on his hands and feet ; but the other efcaped w ith- out any apparent hurt. Mr. Burney now improved their panic, and, fupported by the marines, leapt 0:1 Ihore, and purfued the fugitives. We had not ad- vanced far from the water-iidc, on the beach, before we met w ith two bundles of celery, which had been gathered by the cutter's crew. A broken oar was ftnck upright in the ground, to which the natives had tied their canoes ; whereby we were convinced this was the fpot where the attack had been made. We now feaiched all along at the back of the beach, to fee if the cutter was there, but inftead of her, the molt horrible fcene was prcfented to our view, that was ever beheld by any European ; for here lay the hearts, heads, ami lungs of levcral of our people, with hands and limbs, in a mangled condition, fomc broiled and (bine raw; but no other parts of their bodies, which made us luf- pciit, that the cannibals had feaficd n\wn, and de- voured the refl^. To complete this (hocking view of carnage and barbarity, at a little diflance, we faw the dogs gnawing their intrails. Weobftrved a large body of the natives collcded together on a hill about twoiiiiles olf; but as night drew on a-pace, we could not ad- vancetofuch adifiancc; ncithcrdid we think it faleio attack them, or even to quit the lliore, to take an ac- count of the number killed, our troop being a very fmall one, and thefav>iges were both numerous, fierce, and much irritated. While we remained almoll ftupi- licd on the fpot, Mr. I'anncn faid, that he heard the cannibals allcmbling in thewootls ; on which we re- turned to our boat, and having hauled alonglidc the canoes, wc demolilhed three of thcni. During this tranfatlion, the fire on the top of the hill difappcareil, and we could hear the lavages in the woods at hij;li words; quarrelling perhaps, on account ot their dille- rent opinions, whether they fliould attack us, and try to favc their canoes. They were armed with long lances, and weapons not unlike a ferjeant's halbert in fliape, made of hard wood, and mounted with bone in- ftead of iron. Wc fufpedlcd, that the dead bodies of ^ur people had been divided among thofc dilferent parties of cannables, who had been concerned in the malfacrc ; and it was not improbable, that the group we faw at a diftancc by the fire, were feafiing upon fome of thcin, as thofe on lliore had been, where the remains were found COOK'S SECOND VOYAGK— for nuking Di/covcricsin the South 5f<7J 6c Round the fFcr/,/. 199 found, before they had hccn iliftiirbcd by our uiicx- peifted vifit: be that as it may, we co;ild dil'cnvcr no traces of more than four of our friciul.s bodies, nor could we find the place where the cutter was roncciii d. It now grew dark, on which account, wc coliccU'd carefully the remains of our mangled friends, and put- tine off, made the bcft of our way from this polluted place, not without a few execrations bedowed on the blood-thirfty inhabitants, \^'hcn we opened the upper part of the Sound, we faw a very large lire about three or four miles higher up, which formed a complete oval, reaching from the top of a hill down almod to the wa- tcr-fidc; the middle fpace being indolcd all round by the fire, like a hedge. Mr. Burney and Mr. Fannen having confulted together, they were both of opinion, that we could, by an attempt, reap no other advantage than the poor fatisfadion ot killinfr fome more of the lavages. Upon leaving Cirafs Cove, we had fired a volley towards where we heard the Indians talking; but by going in and out of the boat, our pieces had got wet, and four of them milTed fire. What rendered our fituation more critical was, it began to rain, and our ammunition was more than half expended. We. for thefe reafons, without fpending time where nothing could be hoped for but revenge, proceeded for the (hip, and arrived fafc aboard before tiiidnight. Such is the account of this tragical event ; the poor vidtims were far enough out of hearing, and in all probability every man of them muft have been butchered on the fpot. It may be proper here to mention, that the whole number of men in the cutter were ten, namely, Mr. Row, our firft mate, Mr. Woodhoufe, a midlhipman, Francis Murphy, quarter-mailer, James Sevilley, the Captain's fervant, John Lavenaugh, and Thomas Mil- ton, belonging to the after-guard ; William Facey, Thomas Hill, Michael Bell, and Edward Jones, fore- caftle-men. Moft of thefe were the lloutcft and moft healthy people in the fliip, having been fcleded from our beft feamen. Mr. Bumey's party brought on board the head of the Captain's fervant, with two hands, one belonging to Mr. Kowe, known by a hurt it had re- ceived; and the other to Thomas Hill, being marked with T. H. as before mentioned. Thefe, with other mangled remains, were inclofed in a hammock, and with the ufual ceremony obferved on board (hips, were committed to the fea. Not any of their arms were {i)iind; nor any of their cloaths, except fix ihoes, no two of which were fellows, a frock, and a pair of trowfers. We do not think this melancholy catallrophc « as the erted of a premeditated plan, formeil by the (iivagcs ; for two canoes came down, and continued all the forenoon in Ship Cove, and thefe Mr. Rowe met, i\u\ bartered with the natives for fome fifli. We are Mthcr inclined to believe, that the bloody tranfaifion ori;;inatcd in a quarrel with fome of the Indians, which was decided on the fpot ; or, our people rambling .ibout too fecure, and incautious, the fairnefs of the op- portunity niight tempt thein to commit the bloody •licii ; and w hat might encourage them was, they had tin.iul out, that our guns were not infallible ; they had iVen them mils lire ; and they knew, that when dif- ( hargcd, thiy mull be loaded before they could again do any execution, which interval of time they could take [iRiper advantage of. From fome circumftances we concluded, that alter their fucccls, there was a ge- neral meeting on the call lidc of the Sound. We know the Indians of .Shag Cove were there, by a long lingle canoe, which fome of our people with Mr. Rowe had fecn four days before in Shag Cove. After this fliock- iiig affair, we were derained four days i-. ihe Sound by contrary winds, in w liich time wc faw none of the in- habitants. It is a little rcmarkahle, that Captain Fur- neaux had been I'evcr.d times up (irafs Cove with Capt. Co k, where they faw no inhabitants, and no other ligns of any, but a few deferred villages, which ap- peared as if they had not been occupied for many yean; and yet, in Mr. Burney 's opinion, when he en- tered the fame cove, there could not be Icfs than fifteen hundred, or two thoiifand people. Had they been ap- prized of his conjing, w c doubt not they would have at- tacked him ; and feeing not a probability remained of any of our people being alive, from thefe conlidcra- tions, we thocght it would he imprudent to renew the fe.'.rch, and lend a boat up again. On Thurfd.iy, the 2;jd dt December, we departed from, and made fitil out of the Sound, heartily vexed at the unavoidable delays we had experienced, fo con- trary to our fanguine wi'd'cs. Wellood to theeaftward, to clear the ftraits, which we happily ell'cc'ttd the fame evening, bi;t wc were baffled for two or thrceda\s with light winds before we could clear the coaft. In this in- terval of time, the cherts and eftee'is of the ten men who had been murdered, were fold before the inaft, ac- cording to an old fea cuftom. We now ilcercd S. .S. K. till we got into the latitude of 56 deg. S. At this time we had a great fwell from the fouthward, the winds blew ftrong fi-om S. W. the weather began to be \ery cold ; the fea made a continual breach over the (hip, which was low and deep laden, and by her co;ninual draining, very few of our feamen were dry cither on deck or in bed. In the latitude of 5 8 deg. S. and in 21^ deg. E. longitude, wc fell in with Ibmc ice, and Hand- ing to the call, faw every day more or lefs. AVe faw alio the birds coininon in this vaft ocean, our only com- panions, and at times we met with a whale or porpoife, a feal or two, and a few penguins. On the loth of January 1774, wc arrived a-breafl of Cape Horn, in the latitiide of 61 deg. S. and in ilic nin from Cape Pallifer in New Zealand to this cape, we were little more than a month, which is one hun- dred and twenty-one degrees of longitude in that O'.ort time. The winds were continually weflerly, with a great fea. Having opened fome caflxs of pcilc ami Hour, wc found them very inuch damaged; for which rcafon we thought it moll prudent to make tor the Cape of Good 1 lope, intending firll to get into tlic la- titude and longitude of Cape Circumcilion. ^V^.en to theeaflwardof Cajie Horn, we found the winiis came more from the north, and not fo (Iron;^ and frecjucnt from the weflward, as ufual, which brought on tliiek foggy weather; fo that for feveral days together, we were not able to make an obfervation, the fun all fhe time not being vilible. This weather laf^ed above a month, in which tiine we were among a great manv iflands of ice, which kept us conllantly on the look out, for fear of rimning foul of them. Our people now began to coinplain of colds and pains in their limbs, on account of which we hauled to the northward, making the latitude of 54 deg. S. We then fleered to the call, with an intention of finding the land laid down by M. Bouvet. As we advanced to the call, the nights began to be dark, and the iliands of ice became more nwhicrous and dangerous. On the 3d of March, wc were in the latitude of Bouvet's difcovery, and half a league to eaPward of it; but not perceiving the leaft fign of land, either now, or fince wc attained this parallel, we gave over a further fcarch after it, and hauled away to the north- ward. In our lafl track to the fouthward, wc were within a few degrees of the longitude aliigned for Uou- vet's difcovery, and about three degrees to the fouth- ward; if therefore there fhould be any land thereabout, ir muft be a very inconfidcrable ifland ; or, rather wc arc inclined to think, a mere deception from the icc; for, in our firft fetting out, we concluded we had made difcoveries of land fcvcral times, w hich proved to b,; only high iliands of ice, at the back oi large fields, which M. Bouvet might cafily miflake ti^r land, efpc- cially as it was thick foggy weather. On the 17th, in the latitude 48 deg. _jo min. S. and in 14 deg. 26 min. E. longitude, wc law two large iflands of ice. (3n the 1 8th, wc made the land of the Cape of Good Hope, and on the 19th, anchored in Table Bay. Here we found Commodore Sir Edward Hughes, with his majelly's fhips Salifbury, and Sea Horfc. Wc faluted the garrifon with thirteen guns, and tht commodore with an equal number; the latter returned the fiiU complement, and the former, as iifiial, faluted us with two guns lefs. At this place Capt. I- ur- ncaux left a letter fx)r Capt, Cook ; and here we re- mained Ji,d-^" ' 200 Capt. CO OK 8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. I mained to refit the ftiip, rcfrclh the peojplc, ike. Hcc. till the 1 6th of April, when \vc hoifted fail for Eng- land; and on the 14th of July, to the great joy of all our Tailors, anchored at Spithead. From a review of the whole, our readers muft fee, how much this nation is indebted to that able cir- cumnavigator Capt. Cook. If they only compare the courfe the Kefolution ftecrcd, and the valuable dif- coveries (he made, with that purfued by the Adventure, after fhe parted company, the contraft will be fuf- ficiently ftriking. How meritorious alfo muft that perfon appear in our judmncnt, who hath not only dif- covercd, but furveyed vali tracks of new coafts ; who has difpelled the illufion of a terra auflralis incognita, and fixed the bounds of the habitable earth, as well as thofeofthe navigable ocean, in the fouthern hemif- phere. No propofition was ever more clearly de- monftrated, that there is no continent undifcovcrcd in the fonthcm hcmifpherc, between the equator and the 50th deg. of fouthern latitude, in which fpacc all who have contended for its exiltcnce have included, if not the whole, at leaft the moft conliderable part. Butat the fame time that we declare ourfclvcs thus clear- ly convinced of thenon-exiftcnteof a continent within the limits juft mentioned, we cannot help acknow- ledging our ready belief, that the land our navigators have difcovered to the S. E. of Staten Land, is part of a continent, projefting from the north in a narrow neck, and expanding to the fouthward and wellward, in like manner as the South American Continent takes its rife in the fouth, and enlarges as it advances north- ward, more particularly towards the caft. In this belief we are ftrcngthcned by the ftrong rcprefentation of land fccn at a difiancc by our navigators, in lati- tude 72 deg. and 252 deg. longitude, and by the re- port of Theodore Gerrards, who, after pafljng the ftraits of Magellan, being driven by tempclts into the latitude of 64 deg. S. in that height came in fight of a mountainous country, covered with fnow, looking like Norway, and feemingly extending from eaft to weft. I'heie fads, and the obfervations made by Capt. Qbok, corroborate each other; and though they do not reduce the qucftion to an abfolute certainty, yet the probability is greatly in favour of the fuppofed dif- covcry. To conclude thefc refledions, and to place the charaifter of our judicious navigator in the moft ftrikin:? point of view, we need only add, as propofed, an incontcftcd account of the means, by which, under the divine favour, Capt. Cook, with a company of 1 1 8 men, performed a voyage of three years and eigh- teen davs, throughout all the climates, from 52 de^N. to 71 deg. S. with the lofs only of j-nk man by fickncfs; and even this one bcjran fo early to complain of a cough, and other confumptive fymptoms, which had never left him, that his lungs muft have been aftiailcd berore he came on board to go the voyage. Did any, moft converfant in tlie bills of mortality, whether in the moft healthful climate, and in the bcft condition of Fife, ever find fo fmall a lift of deaths, among fuch a number of men within that fpace? How agreeable then muft our fuipri/e be, to find, by the afllduity and unscmitted exertions of a fingic fkilful navigator, the air of rlic fca acquitted of all malignity, and that a voyage round the world has been undertaken with lefs danger perhaps to health, than a common tour in Europe! Surely diftinguiflicd merit is here con- fpicuous, though praife and glory belongs to God only ! Rui.Es forprefer\ingthe Heai.th of Skamen in long Voyages ; and the Mkans employed by Capt. COOK, to that End, during his Vovaok Round the World, in his Majl»tv's Suii' the Rt.sotu- rioN. . Before we enter upon this fiibjcd, which hath for its vh']td the faving the lives of men, it will be necelTary fo fay fninething on that diforder, to which feamcn are peculiarly fubjecl ; and to conlidcr, how many have ptnlhcd by marine difeafcs, before any confiderablc improvements were made in the means either of their prevention or cure. The ficknefs moft deftrudivc to mariners, andagainft the dreadfui.attacks of which prefervatives have been contrived, is the fcurvy. This IS not that diftempererroneoufly fo called among landf. men; but belongs to a clafs of difeafcs totally difFerent from it. So far is the common received opinion from being true, which affirms, " there arc few conftitutions altogether free from a fcorbutic taint," . that, unlcfs among failors, and others circumftanced like them, more particularly with refpcd to thofc who ufc a fait and putrid diet, and cfpecially if they live in foul air and uncleanlincfs, we arc inclined to think there are few diforders lefs ftequcnt. Nor do we believe, which is another vulgar notion, that the fea-air is the caufe of the fcurvy ; iince on board a iliip, cleanlinefs, vcnti- lation, and frefti provifions would preferve from it, and upon the fea-coaft, free from marllies, the inhabitants are not liable to that diforder, though frequently breath- ing the air from the fea. We ihould for thelc reafonj rather afcribe the fcurVy to other caufcs ; and we be- lieve it tobea beginning corruption ofthc whole habit, fimilar to that of every animal fubftance when deprived of life. This has been verified by the fymptoms in the fcorbutic fick, and by the appearances in their bodies after death. With refpect to the putrefying quality of fea-falt, we may remark, that failed meats, after fome time, become in reality putrid, though they may continue long palatable by means of the fait ; anil common fait, fuppofed to be one of the ftronrrcll prefervatives from corruption, is at bcft ijut an indif- ferent one, even in a large quantity ; and in a ftuall one fo liir from iinpeding putrefadion, it rather promotes that proccfs in the body. Sonje arc of opinion, that the fcurvy is much owing to intenfe cold, which checks perfpiration ; and hence, fay they, arifes the endemic dilteniper ofthc northern nations, particular- ly of fhefe around the Baltic. The faifl is partly true; but wc are doubtful about the caufe. In thcle countries, by reafon of long and fevcre winters, the cattle, being deftituteof pafturc, can barely live, and are therefore unfit for ufc ; fo that the people, for their provifions, during that feafon, are obliged to kill them by the end of autumn, and to fait them for above half the year. This putrid diet then, on which they muft fo long fubfift, fccms to be the chief fource from whence the difeafe originates. And if we confider, that the lowcit clafs of people in the north have few cr no greens nor fruit in winter, little or no fermented liquors, and often live in damp, foul, and ill aired houfcs, it is eafy to con- ceive how they (hould become liable to the fame ilif- order » ith feamcn ; whereas others who live in as high a latitude, but in a dift'ercnt manner, are free from it. Thus wc are informed by Linna-us, that the Laplaiultrs are unacquainted with the fcurvy ; fitr which no other reafon can bealTlgncd, than their never eating falteil meats, nor indetil faltwith an) thing, but their ufingall ihcfrelh ilcfli of their rein deer. And this exemption ol the hyperborean nations from the general dillcmper of the north, is the more remarkable, as they fcldom taftc vegetables, and bread never. Vet in the vcrv provmces, bordering on I.apland, where they iilc bread, but fcarcely any vegetables, and eat faltctl m?atj, they are as much troubled with the fcurvy a< in an) o:her country. But hire we may properly oblcrse, that the late improvements in agriculture, gjudenint'. and hulbandry, by extending their falubrious infiuen^ c to the rcmoteft parts of Europe, and to the loueft clafj of people, begin fenfibly to lellenthe frequency of that coniplaiht, even in thole clwnates wherein it has been moff brief and fatal. Again, it has been allerted, that thofe who live on ftiore, or landfii.en, will be alVccted with the fcurvy, though they may have never been Con- fined to fait meats : but of this wc have not met w ith any inftances, except among fuch who have breathed a marftiy air, or what was otherwife putrid ; or among thofc who wanted excrcife, fruits, and the common vegetables: under which particular circumnances we grant, that the humours will corrupt in the fame man- nrr, COOK'S SECON D VOYAGE— for making Difcoverics in the South Seas & Round the World. 20 1 ner though not in the fame degree, with thdle of feamen. In the war, when SJfinghurft Caftle in Kent, «as filled with French prifoncrs, the fcurvy broke out among them, notwithftanding they had never been fcrvca with faltcd victuals in England, but had daily an allowance of frefli meat, and bread in proportion, though without vegetables. And bcfides the want of this nccelFary fupply of greens, the wards were crowd- ed and foul, the houfc damp, by reafon of a circum- ambient moat, and the bounds allotted for taking the air were fo fmall, and in wet weather fo fwampifli, (hat the men fcldom were difpofed to quit the houfe. A rcprcfcntation having becnmadcof thefedcficicncics, in confcquence thereof the prifoncrs were fupplied with roots and greens for boiling in their broth, the fick were quarteredout in a dry iituation, where they had the liberty of air and exercife ; and by thcfe means they all quickly recovered. VVc think it probable that the fcurvy fooncr appeared among thefc ftrangers, from their having been taken at fca. and therefore, from their diet, they were more difpofed to the difcafc. Such is the nature and caufe of that ficknefs molt de- ftruftivc to failors. Let us now take a tranficnt view of its dreadful ra- vages ; and by a rontrad between the old and prcfcnt times, vc fliall fee, more evidently, the importance and value of the Hieans propofed, and which have been moll fuccefsfully employed by Capt. Cook, for its prevention and cure. In the firft voyage for the ertabliilimcnt of the I'.afl-Itulia Company, a icjuadron was tilted out, and undir the ation of their .meanixc in English. W'arradee Momoa Maa Taorce Fefc Nohora Tceho Toe Etcourooa Taata, toa Tarra Owha Omoa Eoome Oomaia Madoohowhy Rcema Ee Evarrc Waiira Oopeere Nana Arra. tra Parou, mou Fata, hoi to Peepeerc Amu. Hcama Eiiiotto Poc Etcoe. Eatee. Eraeunoo Eeneeou Epaa Hohorc Mocne Errevy Papa Maicea Apoaira Vaihee Hena Fanna toonca Peeretec Erao Eroce. Moia Oome oome Omorre Mydidde Eevee, toata Etama Eevet NofNS. An Ancle " ' : Aimoit A'lion Ahjccfi . Adulterer ' . . Ax,- ■' ■ ■" AjhwMy > ■ * ' AJal/in Afpnity Atroiv (tody of) Point of ditto Anoiu ^ I AM/'ter • ' . _' Approbation . ^' • Arm *. ' ' Armpit Arrhes '. ,■ Alive Adhefivt ','' Azi'ry . ; Anvake True : ■,.;i' ":' Aver/e :;;,;'; Aviirrcions '■ Afliiiiii'd A Battle Bead £a^ ■'"' •■ Buit :,• ._ ' Bamhoo ■ Bank ' ■ .' Bark Bajket of eocoa leaves Ditto a fij/jer'i Ditto of plainta/i: flock Ditto of cocoa leaves large Ditto of ditto fmall Ditto of nvigs round Baftard Beetle Bee Bed Beard ' * Battle-axe Babe '-■■] Bat chelae ' ' . Brother Btnt T*o, • ' ' I COOK'8 SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the tTor/J. aoj .^,/ Nouns. Fcfe Evia TflWkEhood Meiee Toona, taa» Toameemc Core, cooha Eawou Manoo Jloroa Taparoo \' "^ Pcpc Eta Te, arrehaoo Pterara ■.; . Eftnna [ ] Aroah(xnt Mydidde Eama Teetcere , , ^ Ooroo ;. „ ,' Epata Bioc Tappoooroo Edaooroo / ' Poooroo Taoome Ery Oma Abooba Era Tooa Eeno Etoonoo Oopobooto Tatuna Fenooa Maoure Eie,ac Matta-po Mancea Ooaweera' Motoo Auraura Rippa Ooora Torca Ohooe Orahooe Taura Epecho Pee, pccre Matt Peeeeya Nonoa Eoowa Motoa Teitci Arawcrewa Toopooe Emotoo too Hoc Haoutc Aeeoo Ktaa Opoc Papparcea Manceno Edu, flica Too, Etoo Tauinatta Etooa Tcrapoo 'I'aata Etnoo. Emoo Pccha Moa pocriaia Earcc Tooou Etnammatca Toaa No. 14. Boil ioat, or canoe , , Blood Blifter Blafphemer Bladder Bitch Boldne/s Bird . ' ,'., Benevoleuet Butterfly *m Bmch (of fruit) Buds Bonelto, afijb -f Bow Bcnv-ftring Boy Branch ■ Brijknefs Breadfruit Ditto (a particular iind) Ditto (pafteof) Bread-tree (gum of the) Ditto {leaf of the) Ditto (pilh of the) Breafl-plate The Brow Breajl Brain Boards (carved of a Maray) Back Bad Baked Bald-headed Bare Bartcn-land Black Blind Blunt Broiled Broken Brawn A Crab Crayfijh Curleiv Cotnra pooce ei Ditto (yellm) Ooair ara Ditto (gummed) Aheere, Ooa, Ditto (nankeen) Pooheerc Ditto (dark brown) Ooerai Ditto [brown thin) Teeboota Ditto (an oblong piece of) Ahoo Ditto of any kind Ewhou, arra Clay Etoo Clapping (a noife) Porhuoo Clappers Eoore, ichai Circumcifion Fanou, cvaho Child-bearing Wara Cbeerfubiifs Mammatea Chalk Tceteerc, Etirrc Celerity Poore, poorc Chequered, or painted Epooncina, Erooy Choaked Ooama, Eooee Clean Teatc Clear Evahcc atfe Eeoo, Ecewera Cooked (vinuals) Ooa, peeape, Ehotto Crammed, or crowded Ooopeco Crooked Motoo Cut, or divided Etec A Devil Epcc Difea/e Hawa, hawa Diatrhea (ho/enefs) Ehootioa Denial Oo, atahai Drop Mahcine Daughter Hiig, or nippte Pocerec Darkntfs Marama rama Day-light Ooutahcita Day-break Matte noa Death (natural) Tarcea, toottt Deafnefs Mona t'i'ep.water Aheaoo t)ew Ercpo Dirt, and naftinrfi Ehoonoa Difapprobation Ecca Diffjonefly Faoooue Diffati.fadiott Ewaou Down (fqft hoir) Mattou Dread Topotta Drops of rain Efao Dumbntfs Oomaro Diy Parremo . v Drowned 3P Kcoc 2o6 Capt. COOK'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. i Nouns. Ecoo t)ye[ffd, not rrM Taurood Double Roa Dijhnt Taccva Dijpltitftd Epootooa Decrepit Matic TOO Dead Taatac An Enemy looo KrlM) Heawy Echinus, or/ea-egg Poc note tarcci ' E^n-ring Tarcca Ear Tatoorcc Dillo {the iii/iJe o/} Ehoocro tc Manoo i'-sx Pccry l-.te-t>ird (ubile) Matta The. Eye Tooa, nutta Eye-trow Oohoihoi Evening Tctooec EMpbm-bium-tree Toorcc Elbcni.' Tooty Excrement Ooataao, Tataooa Empty Kta, Eta Entire Oohytci J'lqUilt Ktoo Eren Poorchooa A Ely VVeewo E'lutc Omamao Fly-ciilcber {a bird) Rypoeei i% Taoima Rol Moa Firvl A poo Fiinmcuhis {a boil) . Eccda Flejh-mark Motoo Fi/fure Makccra Fijbmg-nd E«ha Fijb^pot I Epa Fi/fjinr-:i\%ll Eva Fi/h ' Etata ^ Ditto {the cuckold) Paioa Ditto (flat green and red) fjDmoiehc Dilto(a\ell(Kv andflalj Eciimc Ditto (green and flat) Mar:.ra Ditto (flying) Ercciiu Finger Epatta m.p Taharcc Fan Ehoo Fart Mcdooa tanne Fatlw Tannc, tc hoa Ditto (ajlep) 1 looroo, hooroo manoo beathn Emoteca The Face Mamo-oo Fern-tree Tirra Em ofafijh Pooa Flo^cer of a plant . Tapooy * Fool ..,, l-:ry Forehead \hea trapping of a flute Avcc Frutt (yeflnzv) Hoocro tc manoo Ditto (perjume) Hoocro Fruit I\oo-ec Friftion Taina Freckles Tocarrc tarrcca FI(nversfor ear-ornaments Tecarrcoowa . Ditto {open) Pooa Dittoofa plant , - . Papa Flatnefs Da-hcc-erc-c-rcupa Amoio Flapper la fly) Fiji (Jiriking zdtb in iLincing) Eahai Fire Fata Feeling (fen/e of) Farara, Toororec Feeblenefs Hooroo, hooroo, tc manoo Feathers (red) Mattou Fear NIace Fat of meat Moc, momy Fainting F'aatta atta Facetious Hawarrc Fal/e Peca Fat Ehcicu, F'aca Fatigued 3 Nouns. Tcmy dc paaree ■ Eooha Fcnooa.mla Eote Mahouia Ooaro Flrcpo F^inna, anna Pya, Oopya, Fayi Moboonft Ouroo Too boona tahetoO I'ooboona Taata Ace, Erapoa nooe Hecoecota Tatooy Tooncca '* ^ ' I'atooa F^ho^oo Avoutoo Oraboobod Aaoo Horoa Anonohd Tapa Poorc, poore Arahai Tomo Mamahou, Maroo Efarrc Awhatta Flt'arrepota Ehainoote Matau Ecaourc Erooa Boa Maoo, Maooa Talha Otoo Trapappa Totcia Toe r Flinnaheiiu Ehoo Pccpcc Octoeto Ep)ootc Erecma Peeleoi One one Oopo Evoua Enanea Ahoutoo Peere, |iccrc Po-oorou Etooce, Eoowha Etohe Tamorou Epaee no t'Eracc Maheinc, Aniaahattoi Ecaourc Efao Eta, eta Mahanna, hanna Teimaha ..,% Mato Poheca Fa, atta, atta Pororce, Poeea Motoo ■ftfi \ Fellofiv {a young clever ;' Wecata '- Ooi'c, eeeone Tcohe Tawyttc « ■ Tccpy •> Tacca Erahoo Myro »^ Pcepctre -i-, »- . Tee, tec > . . "■'.'•n y Roa '^.\'! v-'i- Poo Tccpy Tapona A Vanodort Tccbona '■" Tec, poo .* vs' n^ /vi Etooree ' ). . . ' OomO r, '• ;. - '.' Erooro Eaicc, diliai Emotcea Foo.iliooa • -i. Matte Ootoo A Ehoonoa Hawa, hava Hecoceotta Tcconai Mo-o I'aata, ha*aiTe Tao Ewhaouna Eraa, Eara Fcnooa. Whenoo4 Paraou Timoiodcc, tc Timorodec Kooc Tccpy Awy M* Miiiiinaraina Oowaiia Ootoo Tcctoo, arapoa Oopcci Ilea, hca, Papoo Aoowccwa Eawawii Mama Fete Tci, tci ^,^. . Arahai :-\u Aco 'I'oohai Poo, poo. Poo Nou ou Taato toa Worou, worou Maooa. Moua Madooa, waheinc Spcpe Whattaiau ..,-.■'. Marama Atoonoa hypo^ca Va Tcera Evannc Moca Poomu Eccrec -.l.-iPV,', %A -^vA;.V» Ottaha •if-, ;it %-■»;' tnquifitive {a tailing wo- man) Image of a human figure Jaw (the louier) Jeahufy (in a woman) hnorance . (ll-natured Imps Intejl ... Iiuklence Indujlry Ink (for pun6lual)on) Itch (the) Inhofpitalle Indigent Immenfc Immature Indolent^ idle Knot Ditto (a double one) Ditto (a female one) . Knuckle ■< Knee Kite that boys play with Kingfijher King Kernel of a cocoa nut Kidneys (the) Killed Loufe Ijover Leofeneft l/ioking'glafs t Ij)hj}er \ Ijzard Liar Lance, or f pear Lagoon ladder J^nd, a country Language Ditto u/ed in dancing Largenefs Lazinefs Ug (the) •Day-light Lightning Lips (//'!•) Lun^sQhe) Lujiy : : IjOW Loofe Loathfome Uvht Little Lame ;■; Large Lean of meat Lean, /lender \ Mujket^ or any kind of fire arms Mufcle-Jhell Murderer ' . •. Multitude Mountain, or bill Mothr Moth Mohument (funeral) Month (lunar) Mole, or mark Mifit I'^M Meafure Majl of a canoe Mat Ditto (afilky kind) .^ . \. .Ditto (a coarfefort) , •',,- Mark ('a black one en the fiinj M*n of war bird Nouns. Taata; Taane Man Taata, hamaneetid Ditto (a bad one) Tobhcca Maid, or girt Etoa The Male of any animal 'Iciopoo Middle of any tIAng Marama Moon Oopocepoee Morning Kvalia Mouth HccVa Mufic Ecva Mourning Tapaob Ditto (leaves, ufedon that oc- cafion) Ooata Motion Mouateitci Mountains of thefirft order Mouahaha - Ditto of the fecond ditto Percraou Ditto of the third ditto Mamma, haoo Modejly Otooia, hcipo Midnight Khoohoo Maggots Worou, worou, manoo, manoo Many Para, Pc Mature Waiarcc Moijl Patea Motherly Matte. Mattcroa Murdered Fatcbooa Mute Eceoa A Noun, or name of a thing Taatatoobob Native Oopaia Net (fifliing one) Night fiiade Opom Koo N- pie Eriha N!t Arce Nut (cocoa) Eechcc Ditto a large eomprejfed ditto Popolico The Nojlrils Accoo Nail I'.ure Ditto of iron Aec Neck Tatou Numeration Wawatca Noon Po. Eaoo Night Narrccda Needles Taturra Naked Pecrc, pccrc Narrow Ercpo Najly Hou Nev) Poto. Whattata Nigh Em 00 Noify Oohoppe, pooaia An Orphan Ooomoo Oven Ewhatto O-wner Itcea OyJIer (large fort) Pahooa Ditto (another fort) Erapaoo Ointment plajler Ty, Mcedc The Ocean Ooapee Outfide of a thing Maray Wharre Ornaments (burial) Tooec, tarcea Ditto (for the ear)' Warawara Order Monoe Oil (perfumed) Oopcea Obefity (fatnefs) Nonoa . Odoriferous Orawheva Old Eatea Open (fpacious) Ferei Ditto (notjlmt) Watoowhcitte Oppqfit* Tahoua APrieJi Eoua Porpoife Ooralioo ■: Poll Omo Plant Erabo Ditto (a fmall fort) Epeeho Plain Hooahoua Pimple Eroopc Pigeon (a wood) Oooopa • \^- ':. . Ditto (green andivhite) Ditto (black and wbitt) Oooowydero Popoce Pudding Hawa, ha^ya Purging Taata no Erapaoo Phyfician Arou ^ , ..-«< IB. so8 Cap t. COOKi VOYAGES COM P I E T E. HHj Nouns. Nouns. - HV Aroumaicca Petticoat nf fkiniain leaves O^Iiay . filor- Up -Awa Pebter-pl«ta Painou i 'fl Ditto (/vlijhed, to make the ^^D» Teaoo Peg • ■• ■, .- • * pa/le upon) ^^■1 ^°^ Pearl ■ ■ Tame Stick (a walking) ^■' !'>'<:> P7« Pavement • Kvciec Star-fifb ^^^^H ^H' Path, or road Kfaitoo. Hwctto Star ^Hi Earceea Pa/t, orjlrait Ktootcc Stage {a/gbtiiig) ^H Parooroo Partition Tao Stear Spun ■!■ Sore ^Hr Parroquel (green) Ewhaeono ^H Evcenee Ditto (blue) Opai ^H Medooa Parent Ilccva Song ^H Anoho Pair Myde Son ^^■1 F.hoe Paddle of a canoe Hoonoa Son-in-law ^H| Etanea The Pa/ate Tcctee A Snipe, or rather * Urdrt- pntbling one Snake ilea) ^H| Apoureenis Palm of the hand Part Mow the tongue ^^|( Etararo Poolieearo* ^H| Ainaa, Eatta The feduncle, or Jlalk cf a plant Ema Sling ^ ^^■' Tooeine Siller Shirt {white) ^H Oe, oe, or oi oi Point of any thing Parooy ^^1 Ahooa Pumpkins Pahee ■ Ship ^H Oomarra Potatoes (fweet) Porehoo Shell (Tyger) ^H Awaawa Poifon (bitter J Otco Ditto (afmaU one) ^H Faiee Plantains (horfe) Mao Shark ' HI Mateca, Maya Plantain tree (the fruit of Towtow Servant, tr common ferJLn ^H; the) Maray Sepulchre ■| Patoonehe Perfons of diJlinClion Papa Seat ^M Mahce Pajie {a fermented) Fatoo whaira Seam, between two pUnkt IH Mamma ^"f . . , Ilcawy ' ^"•'XS- BHi Mamy ■bI Mcatec Pain (thefenfe of) Peeled Etata \ Stoops with which water i: '^■•btitd f'^m a ro' ■Bj Ree Petty (Jmall) Plane Xfrnooth) n«e luj Pacea Etona Scab 1 1 Maroo Pleafed (not croft) Eceoo Saw ■ Tcctee Poor Ewhocc Skate-fijb 1 Wahapoo Pregnant Mahanna. Era. The Sun 1 Teeopa Prone, or face downwards Tcincea te Mabanua Ditto {tiM meridian) 1 Eooee Pure, clear E.iha String of a (fuiiw R ' Pecha A ^iver Ponau Stopper of ditto 1 Fallebooa ^ielnefs Paracca Stomach { Etirre ^icknefs Tapooy SoU of the foot { Hoe, faberre A Rudder, or peering paddle of Eraec Sky' : ' a canoe Eerce StiH ; Taura Rope Erccawo Side Apoo, Ea Root Atou, ataou Ditto {tljf right) jl Paoo Rock Aroode Ditto {tlje left) [J Eaou Reef of rocks Eata Shore H Lcca. Taata . Robber, or thief Etoroo te paia Seyne (a net) Seed of a plant y ' Eara Road, or path Hooatootoo, Ehooera n Maino Ring Tace, Mccdc Sea If Awao Rib Poohe Sea-cat H Ehoonooa Refufal Eeeai Sail of a canoe 1 Yorce. Eyone Rat Tyty, Mecdc Salt, orfatt-watrr y Oo-ee Rnfp, or fie Raft of Bamboo Eone Sand M Maitoc Whatihea Saturn y i Eiiooa Rainbow Eoora Smoke 1 Maibu Rail (fpotted with black. Tabooa, Manoo Saunder's ifland 1 r.^'-^ Poa Scales cf afjb ! Pooanee Ditto (another fort) Otoobo, Otoobo Scifarj (a pair of) ! T, Ewahei The Remainder Eheeo Seeing {thefenfe of) ' Enooa Ringworm (a difeafej Rolling of thejhip Arawha Shijy-wreck i Tooroore Tama Shoes (mud, orfijhini) Ooatapone Running {to efcape) '- 1 Matte my Mamy Sicknefs * i Tooc, tooe Eooa Reffiration 1 Ram Faea . I'attcbooa Sighing Silence Ewao wao Rank (infmell) Moeroa Sleep, or death W Eotta Raw meat Fatatoo, Ootoo, too, too Smelling {thefenfe of) Ifl Parourc Rawfruit Bappara Smutting (with charcoal, at ffl Cora, oora. Matde Red l.i funeral ceremonies) jm Ewha Rent Macheeai Sneezing n Epo^oo Rich Hoope Mucus llj! Paia. Pai Ooopai Ripe Teircida Sobernefs il Ooawaira Roafled, tr broiled Maroo Soflnefe jM Uoope IB Tarra, tarra Ratten Rough ■ '■ '- A Sioell (of thefea) f Mamay j • . ^. Paeena Sorenefs, or fain ■' ■• . Sound ' M ^'^"° Mattaareva Squint-eyed H Hcrowat Surf of the fea ' Euhaaou . > ' " Suicide '■'^\ ifl Tarooa Storm Etc, Too '''>■ Sugar-cant m Papa. Papa, rooa Stool, ta lay tbt ir«J en Weeala ''■ Stupidity ■ vibtn afktf Apt!^ ■Striking ia dancing\ lootoone 1 1 ■ _, ■ ^ - -,!..' , ■ - ■ . ''.,■- ^.~;-i- COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Rcund the f^orU. 209 Nouns. Toctoonc Namooa, Ncerico Pahoorc hoore Maroo, maioo Once Popotoci Opance, Poopccpc Oowliyaila Mart a, nurroa, Fata p:ctc Payar Mato Pocrc, pecre '. Oomara Aboola 4 Pohcca Fatceraha , ' ' Aow Etapayroy Mancco Too, pappou Ehonoo Efairc pootoo pootoo Erao Toa Erao Manooroa F.tace . . Mro Klioppc J'.pjroi Too Occo J Tamata V- Fiicclicco Arai>()a Eiccma, crahai Kilto Malica Evaccroa. ParaoUi mou Aotidou Far* Ocooe.teepo Patccre .^ • Hocniw . ^ •'. Fatcbooa *^ . i'axaoii, no te opoo Wnliecy Mcoonicoo ."^ , • Apculiau Toor, tooc K'voicioo, Eworcpo AIiooouc Opai Arccoi ' ■: Poo '::■■■ '"■ r.pao . ~ M.iniiahouna Oomuttc Aiboo ^' Tourooa Ewovia Ara, hai, Mai, arahai Nana Mouna Ootee Wall cine Waheine mou Evarouat Eatooa Ereou Malaeq oupance Maheine Watooneea Erabei Noi 25, Stones, fucb asjland upright before the huts Stinking Scratched Shady Sharp (keen edged J Short Shut ("not open J Similar Slow " ' • Small '• >; Smooth 1 • . - . 1 Steep (^approaching to a per- pendicular) ', Strait (not wide) Strong (as ajlronv man) Struct Sultry Supine (with the face up) A Tide, or current Title (belonging to a Woman of quality) Toe Tomb Torloife Town Tree Ditto from which clubs, L£TE. VsRII. Hohon Topa Tcarro Atee Eneotto Eiote Mahora Panoo Erairc llcfcto Khannc Hoatoo Harrc Erawa Haro Atce HarawaS Eannatchearee Wcrooa Etoc, toowhe Ewoua Tcrace Ehoona Tapct Elcbaou, Wapoota Toehc Mou Tooo Atcci tc Efarrc Ewhae Fiectc Ehoora, tclawhy Mahouta, Araire Tahce Emaa Ehocc Eftc Elica Atta F.whccoo Erawai Etcraha, Tcpoo Atoonoo t'Ecewcra Tccpy Ewhatoroo t'Arcre Tapoonc Elicnaroo Hohora, tc Moeya Faccte Ewhariddc Tootooc Oohappa Apoocpooc Epoota Etoohcc Hainainma Ewhaou Atouou Tehaddoo T'nuoonia Ehapaoo ixjiouiiou, tcaho Wlutca Wcnimi A;ce, Kitcc J-.hee tc mai my ty Ooma Alette Iloohootce Mance Iloionie hawa, Erooy El oo, Eioo, 'llharoo Tooracc Expand To t'alt dparoo I'araou Kmare Tootooa Mohoi-a Nencc-c Uurnmcc Tatahy Atnrenona Wahce, te dirre Worcttio Fou, foil i'cCTo, pecro Tcctceo Atoo Otcote Aboone Hoi-omc Ewhaapoo tc maa Evevcttc Etooyaoo Ilahy, whatte Kwhaee tc boa Taora F.varatowha Amahooa Hariewui - , Mynecna Ty I'atahc, Tatahy Ooatittc, Eta Hoodecpccjw Ooahoc Tawccrcc I'xtc Taturra Erooy Arra, arra. Era Avouoia Hooapccpc , V " c\v. rt ' 1* •A ».»' Marc Eteac Ha noa, a, tace Evoec Mapoo Ohcinoo Eaiiiou, amoo Horocc Hamamma Shiver Sink Sit down Ditto (rofs leggei Sleep , Ditto (the Jong fletf, er death) . Ditto (wUn /htingf Smell . Smiielf' • '1 : Stfiem ' Speak . SpM Stit Spread out Squeeze bard Ditto gently Stamp, or tr/afk M < thing Stand up St4ulU Sftel Te Stink, orfmetJilt Ditto (as excrement^ Stool (to go to) Stop SiUk^ike M cbild) Surround '' Swallfw Take care of the viButtit Ditto off, or unlecje Ditto a friend by the band Tear a thing Tend bogs Throvi, or heave a thing , Ditto {a lance) Ditto (a ball) Throw a thing awaj Tickle Ttea'kmt Tramtle upon Tremhle, or fhake with ctid ■ Turn about Turn Tivijlarope UHd,rfland *'"•• Uiidrefi '■'■'■'" yomit iVake Uwake) U'alkout Jf'alk backwards and f>s* wardt U'ajb much ' ll'ecp, or cry IVbtt, orJbarptH m^ie iVbifper, orbaekhile ll'ink Iffipe (clean a thing) ' ; 2'aU/n n> V A Particlis. COOK'3 SECOND VOYAGE— for mtklngDi/iovtrift iu the SoutbScji & Round tlie /' V//. a 1 1 Particim. Awsi. Awai to Pecr«e-ai Nfij.TicnittC* Atnaoo Ouhoi Temoa Fffspoo 1 idino. T«e*»fM» Onto Aoonai Aw»roo No, reira, No, reida Ko, waJuvoo No, nuioa Facetc Tohyto Bobo, A. Bob» Abobo doora Pocc, poec, adJoo Aoonc tc Po Aeeva Ayim. Yaih«. Yehacea Atahai Tchaira Teiwcho Epaha A 1 Fcetoo A Houoo Allahcuceai Ahooroo Tcracc Toroo ERooa Oraro I\>u|x>uee Tecro to Ay, ai Ninnahay Ercpo Aoure. Ace. Admiralm (an iHlerjtflm) Ahov* AU Aim Bffmu (in opptifilioH to it- Bflow (in eppqfilioH K) atxmi) Ditit (uatlermMb, or fur bt- low) Day, 10 Jiiy Eigbt Four From (jbfre) Diflo (vrilboul) ] Ditio \jiefore) Half Imtntdialfly Mtrrmt) (It) Ditto {the day after to) Ditto (thefrcond day after to) Night {to day at night, or to night) Nint ., 'no- 'U H:- One Ovrr (more than tht quantity) Out Perhaps ' Seven Six Surprize or admiration {an in- terjcUion) fen There three Txvo ' ' " Under Underfail mtbin ret Tejlerday Teftemigbt PHRASES AND SENTENCES. Tarappc, Tobeekon a ptrfon with the hand, Taata horoaocc, Ton are a generous man. Homancc, Boy^-afamiliar way offpeaking. Atccra, Uitve iotie. It is enough. Or there is m more. Farecwai, To hide the face, as when afbamed. Ehda, Friend— {a waytf addrcffing aflranger.) ' Eapaitc, , A falutatiom to a particitiar friend. Atoobianoo* Hammer it tut. Mamoo, Hold your tongue, befilent or quiet. lehanooc, Haw do you do, or bow is it withywf Vaihcco, .^ ^ Keep it to youtfelf. Ahoua, My le's ache, or are tired. ■ hoina tc tarcca, To piuk up the ears. \ iarrcncina, To -x'alk quickty, , , Enara, « ■ » Shew It me. Huina, Smell It. Neeatc ootoo tc parou no nona, He fpeaks not from bis heart, bis words are only on his lips. Atccarcnona, Stand up, Arcca, Arccana, *. Stay, or wait a little. Taurcaa, Shall I Ihrmv it. Popocunoo, AlUtle time, a fmallfpace. Tamoo, A long time, a great while, Arccana, iraitjlay a little. VVoura, «ooar.i, li-ell rciorci-red, or well efcaped, Poorotoo, // is well, charming fine. Ehara, llharya, Ycn.ieca, fybat's that? {imiuijitnrk) Owy tc accoa, If "hat do you call that F II 'hat is tlv name rf it * Whcca, H'benf at idml time? Tchca, Where is itf Owy, tanna, Owy nana, IVbo is that? what is he called f Accoo, H'ltl I not do it f {expreffed angrily) Terra, tannc. She is a matried woman, fhe has got another hajhand. Explanation of the foregoing and folbwing Tablis, fo far as rcfpcds the pronunciation of the words. Whatever rules may be laid down for pronouncing a living language, they can be of little fcrvice to a per- fon dciirous of fpcaking the fame with purity : that pronunciacioo being bed, if not only attained, by living in the country, and a friendly communication with the natives. However, for the better underftanding the language in thcfe tables, we (hall make a few ob- fervations on the powers of the vowels, viz. A. is founded the fame as A long in tlie Englilh tongue, as in the word angel ; e has three pow ers, and has the fame finiplc founds as in the words eloquence, bred, then. I. in the middle of words, founds like that vowel in the word indolence, Somctiincs it is rcprctnted by y. And fometimes by the proper diphthong ee, O. is often cxprcllcd by so, and founds the fame as in the word ^00^. U. is generally cxpreflcd by eu, and has a long ani (hort found, as in the words uniiy, umbrage, T, in the middle or end of words, founds like /, as by, my. But before, a vowel or at the beginning of a word, it is a confonant, as in the Engliflj words yes, yell. The diphthongs ee and eo are proper, and maka but one fiiuple fotmd. TABLE m ai» Capt. COO K's VOYAGES COMPLETE. CO H CO bp< III M > B ,3i 'rt iHHO bb O 1 II bO ,8 c w bO c b£i) Commander, U CO X M§ a 8 :^ 8 s|? b-a flj '^ ^ ^ ^ j< ^ J J> « n « c» I ]Z^^^ ^i2^;2«2Sl| CO O) OC *■ S ;2 i;22«5«So2S^: \^^\^^ i^S I t || 1 1^2 12 ;S';^ ;2 1 Ml ; £•3 " ?^ V a V N S d c 3 SHssH Js 3 w:i I2d f I Captain's Cler Siiip'sorPL'RSEf Steward, ScRjKANT of M, RINEJ, CQ •5Q aw •? o Ma rt a 16 tJ3 u 2 rt s! I Hu3t-' rt Hi «oo"2oOvb« Lis r of the Sl ^^«^ o^ofi gS ^ ^ ? 5 ^ i^ fee. ti;^ ^ § 1. ■■:; •* ^ ^6d<^^iu^i^^^^Mu::UU ^ ^ ' e's ,."^ LUT cook's SECON D voyage — for making Difcoverics in the South Seas & Round the World. 2 1 3 ,•-■'■•■' List of the Bark ENDEAVOUR'S OfHcers and Passengers in Capt. Cook's First Voyage round tlie World. Officers, &c. Names. Commander, Capt. James Cook, 2d. Lieutenant Zacbariah Hicks, • 3d. Lieu tenant John Gore, MvsTER, Robert Molineux, BoATsvAiN, JohnGatheray, Carpenter, IVilliam Salterly, Cook, John Thomfon, Gunner, Stephen Forxood, Sl'RCRon, iVtlliam Brougham Monkbou/e, Master's Mate, Charles Gierke, Ditto, Ditto, MlnslllPMA^f, Ditto, Ditto, Ditto, Ditto, Ditto, Richard Picker/gill, Alexander JVeir, John lyUliam Bootie, Jonathan Monkhoufe, Patrick Saunders, neir /ubfequent Fortunes, or what became cf them. Killed on his third voyage, then a Poft-captain. Died homeward bound, after leaving St. Helena. Now a Poft-captain inGreenwich-hofpital. Died homeward bound, after leaving the Cape of Good Hope. Died of a flux (hortly after leaving Batavia. Ditto. Ditto. Now or lately gunner of the Achilles of 64 guns. Died afliore at Batavia. Died on the fourth voyage, a mafterand commander. A lieutenant of tiic royal navy, drowned by accident in t' >■ Tirimcs. Drownc'i ou;.>arrJ hound at Madeira. Died of a fi..\ .;:".) U'living Batavia. . Ditto. Left the liip at t^navia, p.nd died there foon after. James Mrt;;rages round the World, bcfides ferving long in the former war on board fh« Windfoi Sic ice. Lis r of the Sloop RESOLL'TIONs Okhcers and Men, in Capt. Cook's Second Voyage ro*ind the Wow.d. m The resolution. OfnccRs, See. Captain, Liciitciiaiits, Mailer, Boatfwain, Carpenter, Gunner, Surgeon, Mailers Mates Middiipmcn Surgeon's Mates Captain's Clerk Anillant, Mailer at arms i Names. James Cook. Richard Pickerfgill. Robert P. Cooper. Charles Clerke, Jofeph (jilbcrt. James Ciray. James Wallis. Robert Anderfon. James Patten. Ilogg Corporal Armourer Mate Sail-maker Mate Boatfwain's Mates Carpenter's Mates Gunner's Mates Carpenter's Crew Coolc Mate Quarter Mafters Able Seamen Lieutenant of Marines, Serjeant , i Corporals a Drummer i Privates i j 3 3 2 4 I t 6 45 John Edgcumbc*" No. ij. 3rt List >ia<*< 214 Capt. COO K's VOYAGES COMPLETE. List of the Adventure's Officers and Men in Capt. Cook's Second Voyage round the World. h The ADVENTURE. | Armourer 1 Mate • . k Officers, &c. Names. Sail-mal« t Captain, Tobias Furncaux. Mate i Lieutenants, Arthur Kcmpe. Boatfwain's Mates 2 Jofeph Shank. Carpenter's Mates 2 Maftcr, Peter Fannin. Gunner's Mate I Boatfuain, Edward Johns. Carpenter's Crew 4 Carpenter, William Oxford. Cook I Gunner, Andrew Gloag. Mate ( Surgeon, Thomas Andrews. Quarter MaHers 4 Maftcr's Mates 2 Able Seamen Tl Midfliipmen 4 Lieutenant of Marines, Surgeon's Marc 2 Serjeant I Captain's Clerk I Corporal i Maftcr at Arms I Drummer ■t Corporal I Privates S Jaines Scott. * * Having prepared a complete narratrve (from dupli- CitlfS of the original jourihih oi feverdl officers, who failed in the Rcfolulion when (he was dcflined to explore the Pacific Ocean) of Capl. Cook's Third VoYAOE, the Rlitois of th'ii complete COLLECTION of Voyages round the World, thought it their duty to compare ii with all the diffiercnt accounts hi- therto publiflicdof that celebrated voyage, merely to correct any circuinftancc which might have been plated in various points of ^iew by the fevcral writers. The different relations of this Voyage as already given to the public by Evans, Nnvhry, Moore, Ellis, Jones, Kiiiy, &c. &c. together with tho/e piihhjlvd in all the Mat^azhies and Nr.fs- paptrs, as well as ihofc faid to be publijbcd by and dedicated to the Lords of the Admiralty, have been carefully confultcd, and have not only been found to contradin each other very viaterially, but alfo to vary in fomc important points from the manufcripts and materials which have furnifticd ourcnunaccouul. — Wc think it ncceilary therefore to beftow fome time, and canjideral'le pains, to tnveftifate the incoi^ijlencies here alluded to, in order that we may be enabled to prcfmt to our very nHmerous fubfcribers (in the courfe of this 'LK-ork) what wc pledged ourfclves to do in our Propolals, viz. to give .1 «<";•, authentic, full and complete Account oi C(X)k's last Voyage to the Pacific Ufcan, and which will contain all the Ja^?s, mctdents, and ctrcumJiaHces, related in a JiUi^aHory I ' ' ■ 1 ..f manner. In the mean time, nothing fhall be «^n:. ing to render this work ahfilntely the hejl e.xleiri ; ;i!l th'j large fplendid copper-plates, maps, charts, &c. will be delivered as they are received from the lcvcr»la- ^roVCrt//. Cook. We (hall now proceed to give a nro) and accurate Account of Com- motlore Byron's Voyage round the IForld, as it was the firjl undertaken and performed during the prr- Jent reign ; after which we intend to record tliofe of Wallis, Carteret, &c. and the public may depend, that the only reafon wc have not given Cook's Third Voyage in this part of our Cou LECTION, is, that we may be able to give a mcre/uH and /at isfa^ory account ot this celebrated voyage, thai) has ever been publijhtd by any perfon orperibnswhati. ever ; and after having pertormcd our arduous tadc, we doubt not, but our Subfcribers, and the Public, w ill readily acknowledge, that by our care and cir- cumfpection, we fliall have detected numeroui fal- fitics which have been foitted on the public, ami rcprcfentcd jails and cmumftances a they rw.'.) happened. * .' ■ * A NEW NEW, AUTHENTIC, and COMPLETE ACCOUNT and NARRATIVE, of A VOYAGE Round the WORLD, UNDERTAKEN and PERFORMED By the Hon. Commodore (now Admiral) BYRON, In his Majefty's Ship the DOLPHIN, accompanied by Capt. M O U A T in the Tamar Sloop. UNDERTAKEN PRINCIPALLY For making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, between the Capeof Cood Hope, and the Magellanic Straits ; And Containing, among a Variety of other intcrcfting Particulars, A genuine Account of the Straits of Magellan, and of the gigantic race ofPeoplc called Patafonians; alio a Survey of feveral Iflands diCcovered in the Southern Heniirphere ; together with a minute, cir- cumilantial, and full Dcfcription of the feveral Places, People, AnimaLs Vegetables, and Natural Curiofities, difeovered and (ccn in the Courfe of this remarkable V^oyage ; which was begun on the ?J of July 1764, and compleated the 9th of May, 1766 ; containing a Period of little more than Twenty-two Months, and included in the Year 1764, 1765, and 1766. CHAP. I. ExIyjorMitary prepanilms mnde, titid prt'cautms ufed, for this voyaj^e — Names of the txcsjfjips, number of men, ££?c. — Ch'- (umjltnces previous to boijltn^ the broad pendiiiil, and our fettini^ fail — The Dolphin takes tii her guns at [jiiig Reach, and ts ibcre jmned by the Tamar Jrif^ate — They fail from the Dr.vns, and arrive at Plymouth — Anchor in the found — Pajfage from Plymouth to Madeira — Ohfrvations on this ijland — Run from hence to St. fago one of the Cape de f'erd Ijlands, and aihhm- in Port Praya — Ub/irvalwiis on the ijland and port — 7be\ make the coajl of Brazil, and enter the harbour of Rto dc faneiro — Obftt-vations — Departure from this port, bound, as .. ■ thought, lo the FmiI Indies — Orders made kmv;n, idnch ii-ere to go on difcaveries to the South Sea — The Dolphin and Tamar make Cape Blanco, Penguin fjle, ana the har~ lour of Port Dejire — 7l.>e Dolphin in danger of being lojl at this laji pLue — Ohfervatmts on the barbrar and adjacent (ouniry — Departure from Port Defire in fearch of Pepy's Ijland — Anchor on the ccajl of Patagonia, ten leagues zvilijin the mouib of the Straits of Magellan— -An account of the e.xtraordinay jlature of fomc inhabitants feen there — Pi\'rd up the Straits of Magellan to Port Famine — An account of the harbour, eoaji, and inhabitants — A dcfcription of the country^ pi:rtieularly the wonds, and the beautiful Sedgtr—d'azeurable and pleafiiig circiimllances during citrjlay here. \ D i-fi T JIS prcfont MajcfV)', very early in life • 7 4- J^ formed a plan of dillinguiiliing hi* R'ign, by patronizing the profcciiiion of New Difcove- ries in the unknown regions of the Southern Hcmif- phorc J and we have been told, that he declared his in- tention, foon after he tame to the crown, of appropria- ting a great part of his revenue for that particular pur- polc. In i^fi^, orders were given for carrying this iaiulahlc dclign into execution ; in conllqucncc of v»liich, on the iKth of April, preparations were made to lit out the Dolphin lliip of war, and the Tamar frigate, lor a fuiipofcd voyage to the Eall Indies, The Diiljiliin was a lixth rate, mountining 24 guns, and had three lieutenants, y; petty oflicers, and i5oftam«non board ; the Tamar mounted id guns, having on board three lieutenants, 22 petty oHietrs, and 90 feainen. Ihe honourable CommoLlorc (now Admiral) Dyron was appointed coinmaniler in chief, in the Doljihin, and the (ouimand under him. of the Irigate, was given to Capt. Moirat. Horh of thcfe vcflels were fitted out for the piirpofe of making liifcovcrics of countries riiilu I tti unknown, within the high foutlurn latitudes. t.: convenient for navigation, and in climates adapted to the production of commodities ufet'ul in commerce, particularly in the Atlantic Ocean, between the Cape of (rood ilopc. and the Straits of Magellan. The inllnidions from the Admiralty-board to the commo- dore, likewifc directed him to make an accurate furvcy of Pepy's Ifland, and thole vkhieh had been named by Sir John Naiborough, I'aulkhind > Illuuls, in honour of lord I'aulkland ; which, t'lcUf^h iiilT dilVovcred, and linee viliteil by Hritiib naviguoi^i, had nc\er been fuf- lieiently examined, fo as that an accurate ju,'.;tnienc might be formed of their eoalls, nat;\es and produc- tions. (Jrcateare wastakcn, and extraordinary precau- tions ufed in preparing lor tiiis vovaL'e. The bottom ol the Dolphin was Ibcathetl with topjierj as were like- wile the braces and pintles lor the ulc of the rudder which was the full expeiiment of the kind, that had c\er been made on any vellt;!. On the 14th of Mav, being ready for fea, (he kit the doek, when we reccivul a number of men from ihe old hulks, which had been tor fome time ufed t(> receive on board materials tor ilic ul'c of the Ihip. 1 !'.e next day w t got in our math, a;ici nm ai6 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Comi-lete. 11 I I' and with all expedition jiollihlc, licgan to put up the rigging; the grcatcrt pare of ilic hands being now, from the time of her k-aving the liotis, prineipally employed in receiving the flores, and in ihipiiing the ablcfl feamcn, till the 9th of June, vhen we llipt our mooring, and failed for Long Reach, where we ret eivnl our guns, and were joined by our intended confort, the '1 amar Irigate. On the i4tn, \\c received on board a pilot for the Downs, and at lix o'clock, A. M. weighed anchor with little wind, and with our boats a-head ; our draught of water forward being then 1 5 feet lix inches, and abaft 14 feet fix inches. At feven o'clock the Dolphin (hik- ing the bottom, fwung round ; however, the ground being very muddy, it iiion gave way, and tliis accident was attended \vith no other confequence, than her lying in the mud :ibout l'\o hours. Tliis circumHance at our firll fetting our, wliicli occalioned only a liuall delay, inftcad of checking the aidmir of our men, ferved only to infpire them with hopes ol meeting with fewer crofll's in the profecution of their voyage, (^n the 1 6th we anchored in the Do\m.s, and inooi\-d the Diip. Dur- ing oi.r continuance here, we lent tiie pilot on Ihore, and received from Deal a large t«elve-oaied barge for the fci vice ofourlhip, withaijuantity of I'lelli beef and preens. This day the 'I'amar palfed us for Plymouth, and on the day follow ing we received the honour.ible Capt. Byron on board. iluiriday the iifi, wc weighed and f.iiled from the Dt>wns; and in the night had a violent Iquall of uind, ■which, at that feafon of the year, might be reckoned rather unconunon. On the 2:nd, at eight o' ioc k, A. M. wc anchored in Plymouth Sound, and iMiitiii the adnuiaiuiih ij gun^; and at nine, having received a pilot onboard, failed into Hamou/e, and laihed along- fide the Sheer Hulk. Ai the Dolphin had taken tlie ground, the men on board were, acconling to orders, tmployed in getting out the guns and booms fiM" dock- ing; It being thought advifeable to examine iflheliad I'uliained any damage, when it appeared, tiiat the llup had hajiiiiK- not reicived any hurt. On the iSth 111 ■ came out of dock, and having n placed her gun-, and flt>ns, we failed into the found, where we moored, ,ind found tl'.e i'amar lying betweiu the illand and the main, having unhting her rudder, to rejiair fome fmall damage llic had fuilaiiied. While we remained at PI\ mouth, oi;r n/cn received two months jiay advance, in order to enable them to purchafe necellaries ; a pri- vilege granted to all his Majelh 's tbips bound to dillant pons ; at which time the inhabitants on Ihore have the iibertv of ( oming on hoard to fell them Ihirts, lackcts, and trowzcrs, which are termed Hops. After a llav of four davs, the honourable John Hyron, our Commodore, hoilled his broad-pcTuiant, he being, as was reported, appointed commander in chiefof all his M.ijelU's lliips in the I-'.aft Indie;,. Immediatel) upon this a iignal was niadc for failing, by firing a gun, and loolingour top fails, which being let, and another gun lired, we took our departure trom Plymouth on the jd of July, having his Majcfly'.s frigate the I'amar in com- pany. On W'cdncfday the 4th of July, we fliaped our couife, with a line breeze, for the illaiui of Madeira, during *hk:h run, we had the vexation of obferving, that our confort was a very heavy failer. On I'hurfday the I :th, in the evening, wc delcrieil the rocks near Ma- deira called the Deferts, from their ilefolatc apjiea- rancc; and on the 1 ;{th wecame to an anchor in lun- chiale Hay ; fo nameil from the great abundance of a beautiful kind of fennel that grows on the Ihore. It is on the fouth part of the illand, and at the bottom IS the city of the fame name, (eat ed on a fmall plain, from which three rivers run into the fea, forming nn • (land called Loo Rock, it being entirely barren. Upon this IS placed acafHe, and the town is alfo defended by a high wall, and a battery of ( aniion. I'his ifland \'. I ompofed of one continued hill of a coniiderablc height, extending from ealHo well; the declivity uf which on the fouth-lide is interfperfed with vineyatvii; and in the midft of this Hope arc the country -(cats of the n^erchants, which add greatly to the beauty of tl-e profpect. The air isfo temperate, tiiat the inhal)lt i;i;s feel little inconvenience from heat and cold, iluie !),■- uig here a perpetual fpring, which pro.hico hlo)ll)i!i, and fruit throughout the year. 'I'he liijl is Ibl'eriijc, that it produces more corn than any of the adiaient iliands of double the extent. I'hc grufs (loot. Up u, high, that ihey arc obliged to burn it ; and when tlu,- 1)1 jnt liigar canes intheaflies, in fix months time tlui- will produce a coniiderablc ciuantity of fiyar. '1 tii: illand abounds with Hue cedar-tices, and ainioll all Lindj of rich I'ruits, particularly grapes as laige asourduu. mon plumbs ; but all the line fruits are too liilcious to he eaten in any great quantities. I'he natives aii I i.J to make the befl iwect-meats in ttie world: tlirvc. eel too in prcdrving oranges, as aid) in making iikt- makulcs and i->erfumed paltes. 'I he fugar made here is not only remarkably line, but has the fmell of violets; and the wine of this illand will keep bet;ir in long voyages and in hot countries, than that ofaiiv other place in the known world, on which account great i]uantities of it are bought up for the ule of lhi\u, and exported to the Well Indies. Ti.eir convents have a venerable appearance, from their age and llruCtiiie. Some ol the nuns belonging to them arc handlbn.e, and, at particular hours, have the liberty of converliji ' with Urangcrs, through a double barred grate. 'IIkiV chief employment confilts in making cut ious Howir^ uf ali forts, liiile balkets, and other trinkets, in needle- work, which they fell to their vifuors, and the nicne\' is a|ipro,)riateil to the nil- of the convents. Notuith- Handing the extraordinary fertility ol' the illand. [no- \ilioiis of all kinds arc very dear, the inlub:taius liv. iiig ihietiy on fruit and roots. Tf.ere are foinc hoi^j and fowls; but they Cannot he procurcii without gieat ditfuulty, exceiit by way of exchange for old cloaths, whi(h in whatever condiiion, or of whatever kind, arc eagerly fought after by the poof among the naiivcj. While wetontinueit here, we were (iipplied with Irtlh bvct, very indillercnt of the kind, as their luillo ki, either Irom want of Iwcet palhirc; or iiwn nature, aie both lean, and uiulii' the common li/.e. t)n our arrival in the road of ininchiale, wc lound th;; lerrit .ir.J Crown floo[) lying at anchor, who fainted our Com- modore on his hoilling the broad-]Kiidaiu, the lort alio returned our falute with eleven guns; and on the 14th, Commodoie Hvron waited on the governor, by wlioin he was received with great jiolitenels; and on the d.iy following the governor returned his vilit at the houl« of the lonlul. I laving taken in our water, wine, and other refrelhments for the ufc of both the llnps ion;. panics, on the 19th we began to prepare for prunedmg on our \ovage. On briday the :oih, wr took leave of the governor by (iring eleven guns, which lompliincnt he reiurne.l (roin the citailcl ; and at three o'clock, .\. M. ue weighed anchor and let fail, in company w ith his Ma- jelly's fliipsthe Crown, I'errit, and Tamar. It is oi)- feivable, that in leaving this illand lliips are in a m.iiu ncr becalmed, till they get four or live leagues to the ieeward. where they are litre to (ind a brifk tiading wind. The next day we made the illand ot' Palin.i, one of the Canaries. We now pnrted coiijianv with the Crown and I'errit, and on the ..'d Ij.oke with his maierty's (Hip Liverpool from the Lall Indies, by vcliom wc lent letters to I'.ngland. This dav we examined our water-iatks, and coni liideil, we were uiiihr a ne.clliiy to touch at one of the Cajie tie \ crd illands tor a fredi fupply. On the ;6th, our water being loul and ftinking, we were obliged to have lecoiirle to a kind of Mutilator, which titrcedthe air through thewater m a continued (Iream, whertby it wa-. ])iirilicd. On the 27th in the morning, we made ihc ille <>i Sal, one ot the {'a|)e de \erd)i, when obferving Icvcr.il turtles on the furface of the lea, we hoilted o.il our boat, in older to Ibikc fome of them, but ihcv all dilappeaicd bclore our people were within reach oi'iheni. indeed we h.ul little chance of catching any for;s of lilli, for none of the linny tribe would come near the lliip, bccaufc flie wa^ Oicathcd with copjKT, On Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE — for making Difcoveries in theSoaTiiERN Ocean, &o. 217- On Monday the 30th, at two o'clock P. M. we faw the ifland of St. Jagoj and at thi'ec came to an an- chor, about a mile from the (bore, in the bay called Port'praya, in nine fathoms water, having (aluted a fmall fortification belonging to the Portuguefc, who re- turned the compliment. At this time it was near the rainy feafon, which, when fct in, renders this harbour very unfafc ; for a rolling fwell from the fouthward nuitcs a frightful furf on the Ihore, and every hour a tornado may be cxpcftcd, which at times is very fu- rious, and may produce fatal confequences to flip- ping'; on which account no veflel comes hereafter the uth of Auguft, till the rainy feafon is over, which is in the month of November. St. Jago is the largcfl and mod fruitful of all the Cape de Verd idands ; and not- withftandingits being rocky and mountainous, the val- leys not only produce Indian corn, but fruits of various kinds, and plenty of cotton. The ifland has four towns, bcfides Ribcira Grande, the capital, in which refides the governor, Oviodonc, and bifliop. Moft of the priefts are negroes, as indeed arc far the grcateft part of the inhabitants, there being only about three whites to forty blacks, who have fcarcc cioaths fuf- ficient to cover their nakednefs. There are but few foldicrs, and thofe, to outward appearance, are moll indigent wretche*. A (hip no fooncr arrives, than the natives flock from all parts of the ifland with different kinds of provifions ; and thefe they exchange for old clothes, particularly black, on which they fct the highcft value, and for a mere trifle of that kind, you may be provided with a futBcient quantity of turkeys, gcefe, fruit, and other ncccfTary articles of fea-ftock. But, however wretched thefe people may appear at the firft view, they live in the grcateft plenty, and from the fertility of the foil, enjoy not only the ncccf- faries, but what, in other places would bcefteemed the luxuries of life. Having by this time got on board a fupply of water, frefti provifions, and fruit, we un- moored, fignal having been made for our depar- ture. On Thurfday, the 2nd of Auguft, we goc under fail, and put to fea, with the Tamarin company. Soon after, the fcorching heat, and unceafing rain, affcded the health of our crew, many of whom began to fall down in fevers, notwithftanding the commodore took the utniofl care to make the men, who were wet, (hift themfelves, before they laid down to fleep. On the Sth we loft a good deal of way, by fliortening fail till the Tamar came up, who had her topfail yard carried away. In thefe hot latitudes, Ihips generally take filli in plenty, but we were not able to catch one, the caufc of which difappointmcnt, we have already noticed. On Thurfday, the nth of September, wc dcfcried Cape Frio, on the coaft of Brazil, in the 23d degree of foudi latitude, and the 42nd deg. 20 min. W. lon- gitude from Lxmdon. The next day, about noon, we entered the harbour of Rio de Janeiro, and anchored in ciglneen fathoms water, fort St. Acroufe bearing S. E. half S. a remarkable peak, in the form of a fu- gar-loaf, prefcnting itfelf to our view on the larboard lide, at the fouth by eaft, and Snake's Ifland, which is tlic largcft in the harbour, appearing clofe by the town at W. N. W. and the north end of the town at W. half N. On the 14th, we received a pilot on board, and ran in between the ifland and main, not a quarter of a mile from the Hiore, and at noon faluted the citadel with eleven guns, which were immediately returned. Our firft care was to get on board frefli provifions for the (hips companies, which began to be m great want of them, efpccially of greens, the fcurvy having al- ready jnxdf: its appearance among the men on board. On the 19th, our Commodore vilited the governor, who received him in (late, putting the guard under arms : the nobility conduced him to the viceroy's pa- lace, while 1 5 ginis were fired in honour of the Britilh flag : his excellency afterwards returned the vi(it, and was received by the Commodore on board the Dol- phin, in a manner fuitable to his high rank. On this occafion all hands manned the (hip, ftanding on the yai'ds with their arms extended juft to touch cacn other i ■ N0.26. . II and a falutc was given with 15 guns, which was re-, turned by an equal number from the ciwdel. On the 9th of Odlober, Lord Clivc, in the Kent tndiaman, paid Commodore Byron a vifit, when he iikcwiro i-c- ceived the fame compliment, both at his conung on board, and his going away. The fame day a pilot came on board to condud us into the road, and at fix o'clock P. M. we weighed, and (ct our fails; but, having little wind, we were obliged to come again to an anchor, and wait till the next morning, during' which time wc had an opportunity of making a few obfervations on the harbour, which feeins capable of receivir^ an hundred fail of ftiips in good atichoragc, with fufticient room for them to ride in fafcty. The town of Rio de Janeiro is commodioufly fcatcd at the back of Snake's ifland, which being not above five hundred yards from it, commands, from the fortifica- tions ereded on it, every thing that can pollibly come to annoy the town ; and there are fcveral other iflandu at the entrance fortified with different batteries. Thefe fortifications appear fo formidable in the eyes 0/ the Portugucfe, that they arc fo vain as to think, the whole power of Europe would not be fuflficicnt to deprive them of their polTeflion; yet we may fafcly affirm, that fix fail of our men of war of the line would be able to deftroy all their batteries in a few hours. From the 1 5th of September to the 1 8th of Odobcr, our men were employed in watering, wooding, caulk- ing, Sue. Wc had fix Portugucfe caulkers to aflill our carpenter, who were paid at the rate of fix lliillingj ftcrling per diem, though it is certain, that one of out Englim caulkers would do as much in one day. as they Could do in three; hut though flow and ina(fiivc, tiicy perform their work very coinpleicly. In this port the air is refrefticd by a conftant (uccefTionof land and fea- breezes ; the former comes in the morning, and con- tinues till towards one o'clock, and foon aucr is regu- larly fuccccded by a ftrong fca-brcczc. Thefe contri- bute to render the port very healthy and plcafant, and are juftly cfteemcd fo (alutary, thai 5he negroes term the fea-breeze the Dodlor. The foi! of Brazil is generally fertile, it producing a variety of lofty trees fit for any ufe, many of them unknown in Europe ; and the woods abound with rich fruits^, among which area con- fidcrabic number that are neither known in Europe, nor in any parts of America. Oranges and lemons grow here in as great plenty, as nuts in our woods in Eng- land. The fugar-cane P.ourilhts here in the utmoll perfcclion, and great quantities of excellent fugar, in- digo, and cotton, are exported from hence into Eu- rope. Great quantities of gold arc ulfo found by the flavcs, numbers of whom are employed in fcarching for it in gullies of torrents, and at the bottom of rivois ; and this country is alfo fainous for its diamonds. With refpoit to the animals of Brafil, all the hoills, co«s, dogs and cats arc faid to have been brought from tu- rojK : among v.hofe natural to the country arc a gnac variety of nionkeys, Peruvian fliecp, deer and hares ; the racoon, the armadillo, the flying (Ijuirrcl, thcguaiui, the opoflum, the ant-bear, and the (loth. Among the fowls are many parrots, parroqucts, m.ica«s, and other birds remarkable for the beauty of their plumage ; witli a great variety of finging birds, and fcveral Ijkh ics of wild gcefe, wild ducks, common poultry, partridges, wood-pigeons and curliews. However, the country of Brazil is no lefs remarkable for the multitude, the va- riety, and incredible (ize of its fnakcs, am.1 other vcne- mous reptiles. In Rio de Janeiro the viceroy is in- vcftcd with the fame power over the natives, as the king of Portugal enjoys over his fubjecis in Lilbon. The inhabitants, who are of a brown complexion, have a great number of negro flaves, which they purchafo in the public markets, where they are chained two and two together, and generally driven round the town to bccxpofcd to view. The women here arc very fwartliy, and have difagreeable features j but thofe of a fupcrior rank are feldom feen, as they arc never fuflcred to go out of doors but by night The Portugucfe arc natu- rally of fo jealous a difpolition, that llrangcrs, mcrtlv by looking at their womeo incur their rcfcntment, anuaie J 1 . m :i ■ " ■ ■ - --^ -- - - =*. _^ . . 2l8 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD C O M P L E T R. in danger of fuffering by that fpirit of revenge, which univerlally prevails in this country ; on which account tht women are obliged to be always on their guard- In- deed, they here feidom enter upon matrimony ; but when tired of each other, they fcparate by mutual con- fent, and then endeavour to find out another paramour to fupply the place of the former. As foon aa the cvenmg approaches, the Portuguefe of this city go their rounds, and enter •upon Iccnes of debauchery, which we may venture to affirm are as frec|ucnt and fla- gitious as thofc between the inhabitants ot Litbon. Kio de Janeiro is featcd near the fide of a number of high bills, from whence to the fouthward is a very large aque- dud, which fupplics the whole town with water. This aqucdud, which extends acrofs a deep vaUcy, conlifts 6? above fifty arches placed in two rows, one upon ano- ther, and in fome parts rife upwards of a hundred yards from the bottom of the valley. By this means the wa- ter is conveyed into two fountains, from whence the inhabitants fetch all they want. Thefe ftand oppofuc the viceroys palace, which is a (lately fione building, and the only one in the whole city that has wmdows : the other houfcs in the town having only lattices. At the fiirthcr end of the palace (lands the jail for crimi- nals, which from its llrudurc, and the multiplicity of its iron grates, is far from adding any beauty to the palace, to which it joins. The churches and the con- veys arc extremely magnificent, and calculated to llrike the yafltons of the people who refort to them. On the altar pieces, and other parts of thofe (InuSures, arc many fine figures of our Saviour, the Virgin Mary, the Apoftles, and other faints. In thefe churches a great number of flriais and monks of diflerent ordcn are conftantly employed to celebrate mafs to as many as happen to alrcmble ; the churches being always open, and wax tapers kept continually burning { whence, in pafTing by thefe ilrudurcs, all thofe of their perfuafion pay due reverence, by pulling o(f their hats, and crofling themfclves, with every other token of rcfped. In almoft every comer of the (Ireets arc niches, in ; fome of which arc placed crucifixes, and in others fome faint, drc(rcd in linen and filk, or other ftuffi. j The cathcidral and Jcfuits college, which are the moft I magnificent buildings in the city, may be fecn from j the h.-irbour, and form an agreeable diftant profpedt. j A conlidcrable trade is carried on here by a number { of merchants who refide in the city. Every year at j leaft forty or fifty fail of (hips come from Liibon, and ; different parts of the Brazils, befides fome (hips that ; trade to Africa, and the fmall craft that frequent the , neighbouring ports. The European (hips bring lea- ther, linen, and woollen cloths, coarfe .^nd fine bays, I ferges, hats, flockings, thread, bifcuit, iron, hard- j ware, pewter, and all kinds of kitchen ftirniturc, with j other commodities ; and in return carry from thence I fugar, tobacco, fnufF, brafil, and other dying and mt- ■ dirinal woods, fuftic, raw hides, train oil, &lc. Withi refped to their food, it mull be acknowledged, that; their beef is very indifferent, as through the exccflivc heat of the weather, they are obliged to eat it foon aftcri killing, which is performed in the following manner:! they drive a number of bullocks into an inclofcd place,; and then throwing a rope over that they intend to kill,! take him out from among the red, and confine his head' down by means of the rope, when a negro butchcri coming behind him, cuts the hamflrings of his hinii legs, and when the bead falls, he (licks a knife in hisi head cxadlly between his horns. Thefe cattle arc fo| wild and unmanageable, that few, except negro hut-' chers, chufe to encounter them; and yet they arc foj fmall, that when the Ikin, oflal, &c. are ukcn away,' they in general do not weigh more than two hundred and a half. Such are the ingenious remarks of ouii yHirnallfl, who was an officer on board the Oblphin and our readers will, perhaps, remember, that wehav Sivcn a full and complete account of the Brafils, am iode Janeiro, in the 7th and fome of the foUowin; pages of this work. i While we continued at the Brazils, yams were fervedf 10 the (hip's company inflead of bread, at two pounds a day cafh man : but we procure*^, fugar, tobacco, and other commodities at a very reafbnabre price. Fowls and hogs arc howevfr very dear, the chief food of tlie negroes being fifh and Indian corn^ the latter of uhich they cultivate in great quantities, and plenty of the former they catch out at f«3i, they having a conliJcr- ablc number of fifliiog' canpcs, in which they go out in the morning, alTifted by the land-breeze, >»hich, as we have before obfervcd, rifcs regularly at that time, nitd return in the evening with the fea-brecze, vihich is no lefs invariable. In this port they have not only a yard for building (hips, but a convenient iflarid, where they can heave down a vcffcl of any flic. A Spanifli South-fcaman, was obligcil to put into this port, while we lay hcrc,inordcr to heave down.and rcpairthe dama{:c (he had fuflaincd. During our (lay, Commodore Byroii lived on Ihorc, having a commodious houfe fitualcd on the top of a hill to the northward, where the viceroy ar.d others paid.him frequent vifiis, andiliewc^ him ;tll the rcf|)cd, that^a (Iranger of his rank dould polllljly diiim. The following piece of information may he of fcrvice to future navigators, particularly to thofe of our own nation. — i' The Portiigucfc, at Janeiro, practice every artifice in their power to entice away the llameii from the (hips which touch there ; and if by cajoling or intoxicating them, they can get any men within their power, they immediately fend fucli up thecoutu try, and keep then> there till the fliip to which they be- long has left the place. By thefe arts, five men from the Dolphin, and nine from the Tamar, were fcduced ; the latter were recovered, but the former were ttVcc- tually fecrcted." All hands were now, being the 1 6th of October, employed to complete the fitting the l\jlphiii and Tamar tor fca, having all the rcafon polliblc to be- lieve, that wc were bound to tlie liall-Iiidics, and that we fliould now proceed to the Cape of Good Hope, the fcheme having been fo well concerted by the Commo- dore, as even to deceive Lord Clivc, who prcfTcil him with great importunity to allow him to take his pafTage in the Dolphin, we being in much greater readinefs for fea than the Kent, which had befidcs the misfortune to have many (ick on board : but to this the Commodore could not confcnt j yet fiatterod his lordfhip with the hopes of his taking him en board on their meeting at the Cape. On Saturday, the 20th, we feft this port, and the coad of Brazil, bound as we thought for the Cajicof Good Hope, but when at fqa, by (leering to the fouth- ward, we to our great furprize found our miftake; and on the 22iid, we were relieved from our fufpencc; for a fignal being made for the commander of tne Taimr frigate to come on board, he and our own company were informed, that the Commodore's orders >\erc to go on difcoverics into the South Sea: a circumJlance that, from tlic maiujcr of which it was received, fur- nifhes the grcaccll reafon to believe, tiiat ho one 011 board had betoicthe lead notice of the voy'^gc in which they were now engaged. I'o t|iis information the Commodore added, that the good behaviour of our company, by order of the lords of the Admiralty, would be rewarded, with double pay, and other emo- luments. This declaration was received with marks of the hi^hcd faiisfadion ; the crew proinifed obedience to the Commodore as to any orders he fliould give, and cxpreffed their willingnefs to do all in their power for the fcrvice of their country. Some French writers have given a forced and very malevolent turn to this ge- nerous condud; but the daring fpirit which charac- tcri'/.cs Britilh feamen is too well known, for. any one to fuppofe, that an incrcafe of 'pay Was necclTary to prompt them to do their iluty in perilous fcrvice : and the indanccs of difintcrctlcd gcneroAty which dillin- guifii the Britifh nation, cannot leave the true motive which actuated the board of Admiralty, when it thui didributcd its bounty, any ways equivocal, or expofcd to the mifcondrudion of invidious inca. To">^''<^ the acquiefcence of :hc French Eiilors, under the in- attention of thejrgovernment, when M. (ic B<7|g^nvillc (ailed round the world, ap^ occaiion for cading a reflec- tion on the Englilh failors, for the contraiy condu>.1 of govcrnir"n. • \ fimilar cireumltartcc, befpcaks a'fpc- ■.'tci Ot mcua fubtlciy. which can dif^racc hone but tholi: — ■' f^fmsK"!" CoMMODORB BYRON's VO YAC E - for mak'i^ Difcoverics in tlie Southern Ocean, 8cc. 2 1 9 thofe who pridice it, and which the fpiritcd rivallhip of that pohihcd nation docs not countenance. On Nlonday, the a9th, it blew a violent hgrricanei and during the dorm we were obliged to throw four of our guns overboard. It concinued all night, but fub- fidcdon the morning of the 30th, when we made fail, and being arrived in latitutie 35 dcg. 30 min. S. we found the weather exceeding cold, though at this time the latter end of Odlobcr, which anfwcrs to our April, in the northern and temperate zone, and we were be- (ides fixtcen degrees nearer the line than at London. A little more than a week before, we had fuft'ercd into- ienble heat, fo that fuch a fudden change was tuoR fe- verely felt. The feamen, having fuppofed, that ihcy were to continue in a hot climate during the whole voyage, had difpofed of all their warm cloathing at the ports where we had touched, ai alfo their very bedding; fo that now, finding their millake, and being pinched with cold, they applied for flops, and were furniilicd with the neccflary articles for a cold climate. On Friday the and of November, the Commodore delivered to the lieutenants of both (hips their connniif- lions, they having hith'Uto adtcd only under verbal or- ders from him. On the 4th, the (hip was furrounded with van flocks of birds, among which were fomc brown and white, and fevcral pinudoes, fomcwhat la.*ger than pigeons. We alfo in latitude 38 deg. 53 min. S. andin $ 1 deg. W. longitude, faw a quanti- ty of rock weed, and feveial fcals. On the loth, we perceived the water difcoloured ; and the next day we (load in for land, being in latitude 41 deg. 1 6 min. S. and in jc deg. 17 min. W. longitude. On the nth, we (leered all night S. W. by W. and on Monday the Iith, we found ground at the depth of .4( fathoms : our latitude was 42 deg. 34 min. S.loiuituae j8 dee. 17 min. W. About four o'clock, P. M. our people m the ' ibrecaftle called out, " Land right a-headl" At this time it was exceeding black round the horizon, and we had a good deal of thunder and ligfatening : the Com- modore himfelf imagined what we firft dcfcried to be' anifland, which feciiiHMl to rife in two rude craggy hills; the landadjoining to itauieared to run a long way to I the S. E. We were. now ftccring in a S. W. diredion, and founded in 52 fathoms water. Our commander | thought himfelf embayed, and entertained little hope' of getting clear before nighr. We now (leered £. S. E. ' the land (till keeping the fame appeanince, and the ' hills looking blue, &j they generally do at a fmaUdif-j tance, when fecn in dark rainy weather. Many on' board aifertcd, that they. ia«r the £ca break upon the fandy beaches, but after having made fail about an ' hour, what had been ukcn for land^ in a moment vaniflied : and, torthe aftoni(hment of every one, proved! to have been a mere decepth v^iii,. which (camcn call a fog-bank. Thcfc delufions are irequcntly oc- cafioned' by riches of clouds, and fometimes, in the higher latitudes, by an extraordinary quality of thc: air, to be accennted for only by the deorine of rcfraitUon. Others have been equally deceived, by thcfc kind of il- lufions. The>ma(bcr of a vcflel^ not long (ince made oath, that he had fcen an ifland between the wed end. of Iri-land and Nowibundland, and evea dill inguilhed the trees that grew upon it { yet it ia had been difcovered in thisi latitude of 43 dcg. 46.mirJ S. and in 60 deg. 5 min. W. longitude. This fall \ appearance was fuccecded, on Tucfday thc 13th. b a (udden and trenKndous hurrkane. Notwithilandin ' the weather was extremely .fin*, in. the afternoon th flcy grew black to windward, and a noife >vas, heart ' which rcfembled the farcakinga£the,fcajipQnaj(fa«Uc beach. The;. birds were obfcrved i flyinn from j ' qikirter whence- thc ttorm \fSacdt, and (ti|-Kkmg thicui^ ' the apprehenfion of its approach. It was . not poflibl (0 make thc neceHary.pri^rations bdfore it reached ui 2' i. The fca rolled on towards us in vaft billows covered with foaqi. Orders were inftantly given to hawl up thc fore (ail, and let go thc main meet; but before we could raifc thc main tack, thc Dolphin was laid upon her beams. Wc now cut the main tack, for it was iin^ polliblc to caft it off, upon which, thc main (heet (truck down the iirll lieutenant, much bruifcd him, and beat out three of his teeth. Thc main-top fail not being quite handc^ was fplit to pieces. Thc Tarhar fplit he* ..m^in-fail, b^it being to the leeward, (he had more time jto prepare ; and had not fufficient warning been given !by thc agitation of thc fea, the Dolphin mud have been overfet, or her mads would have been carried away. |It was the opinion of all our people, that |)ad thisflorm apprpached with lefs warning, and more violence, or had ; it overtaken us in the night, the ftiip niuft hive been ,loft. Our Commodore thought this guft of wind more violent than any one he had encountered ; it tailed about twenty minutes, and then fubfidcd. It blew, however, hard all night, and on thc 14th, we had » great fwcll. The fea alfo appeared as if tinged with blood, owing to its being covered with fmall red cray- fifti, of which gre.'" quantities were uken up in balkcts by the (hip's company. On the 15th, our three lieutenants and the matter were fo ill as tobc mcapable of duing their duty ; but the reft of our hands were in good health. Our latitude this day was 45 dcg. 21 min. and longitude 63 d^p. a min. E. On the 16th, we (bapcd our courfe for Cape Blanco, agreeable to thc chart of it, laid down in Anion's voyage ; and after many hard gales of winfl, on the 1 7th, we faw the Cape, and for tw days ftrug- glcd hard to reach Port Dcfire. We now flood into a bay to thc fmithward of thc Cape, but could find no port. On thc 20th, we made Penguin Ifland, and as Port Defirc was faid to be three leagues to the JN. W. pf it, a boat was fent out, and hdving found it we flood in for land ; and anchored four miles from thc ftiorc. On.Wedncfday the 21ft, we weighed in order to enter the harbour of Port Defire ; but found it very rocky.^'nd not above a quarter of a mile from fide to fide. jPn our failing up, thc wind was at S. S. W. diredljf in our favour, and thc weather being remarka- bly temperate, all our boats were round the (hip ; buc on a fudden the wind came about to thcN. E. which being dircdlly againfl us, we made all pofliblc haftc to get our fails furled ; but being within thc harbour we could not return, and the tide of flood running with exceflivc rapidity, we were obliged to let go both ttnchors,..and before wc could bring her up, (betook the (hprc. This was followed by a cold rainy night, rendered more melancholy and gloomy by the rcfledlion, that the boats were all driven to fca, where every perfon in them would probably perifli, and that we ourfelves had no reafon to expea our ever getting off", as both thc wind and t'dc werf againft us, but that wc (hoiild be obliged to live, or perhaps perilli, on this dcfcrt coail of Patagonia, fcveral hundred leagues to thc fouthwqrd of any European fcttlehicnt! but at le.igth, to our sreat joy, our twclve-oarcd barge providentially drove, mtp "the harbour, by which means the fhip was Creferved, for without this timely aflillahce flic mult avc pcriflied, ws having no boat to carry out an an- chor. After many attempts, wc cairied out our ilrcani anchor, which, when the tide turned, enabled us, by- weighing our other anchors, to ^ct into the middle of the hajbour, w|icre, with thc Tamar in company, we moored both ftiips ; but ds it blew very hard, wc were obliged to takp down onr yards and topmafts. Mean whiie.two of cor boats had been driven on fliorc, tiid thc men fuffered extremely from its raining .very hard all night ; but notwithftanding this thiey returned tlic next day. As to our long boat, it was carried many leagues put to fea, with only two men in it; wehadtherc- . (brcHttlcprofpcdof feeing them again ; but on the ?3d they returned with the boat into harbour, though they were almoft flarvcd to death with the fcvcrlty of the <;old and want. On their firft appearance vc fent a bQat.to their aflilUnce, which brought them en board. ' ■' ■ • ' ■ ■ ' .. This aao VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD C o m v l r r evt This harbour is not much more than half a mile over. On the fouth Ihorc is a rcinUrkaWc rock, riiinj? from the water in the Ibrm of u rtccplc, w hich appears on entering the harbour's mouth. Abrcalt of this i-ock we lay at anchor in fcven or eiu;ht fathoms water, mooreii to the eaft and well, with both bowers, which we found extremely ncccfTary, on account of the flrong tide chat regularly ebbs and flows every twelve hours. Indeed the ebb is fo rapid, that we found by our log line it continued to run five or fix knots an hour ; and in ten minutes after the ebb is pad, the flood returns with equal velocity : bcfides, the wind generally blows during the whole night out of the harbour. It is alfo ncceflary to obfervc, that the- ground is far from afford- ing gcxid anchorage ; for as it principally confifts of light fand, it is not to be depended on, and if one an- chor fliould ftart, while the tide is milling in, the fliip would immediately take the fliore, before the other an- chors would uoffibly bring her up. However it may be fairly conjeilurcd, that there is firmer anchorage farther up the harbour, cfpecially for a fliip that re- quires only a fmall draught of water; for on fending our boats two or three leagues up, they found good anchorage and lefs tide. On the north fliorc, about four or five miles above the before mentioned rock, there are fome white clifl's that rife to a great height, and at a diftancc nearly refembling chalk, though their whitencfs is merely owing to great Hocks of birds voiding their dung upon them. The country all around is likewifc intcrfperled with rocks, high and craggy, but between each precipice the ground is covered with long and coarfe grafs. The v.illeys form a barren com- fortlefs profpcd, in which there is nothing to entertain the eye but great numbers of wild bcalls and birds, and many large heaps of bones that lie fc.ittered about, cfpecially by the fide of every ftream of w ater. But wc faw no Indians, nor the Icaft fign of the human fpecics. Among the animals we found near the fliore a great number of fcals of dilTcrcnt fizes. Thcfo live both on the land and in the water, and are fo fierce that they cannot be encountered w ithout danger. The head has fome refcmblance to that of a dog with cropt cars, but in fome it is of a rounder, and in others of a longer nuke. They have large eyes, and whilkers about the mouth : their teeth are extremely fliarp, and fo flrong, that they can bite a very thick flick in two. Though without legs, they have a kind of feet or fins, which anfwer the different purpofes of fwimming and walk- ing ; thcfc have five toes like fingen, armed with nails, and joined together with a thin ikin like thofe of a goofc; by the help of which they fliuffcl along very fad through the fand, or over the fmall rocks on the fliorc. Their Ikins, which arc covcixid with ftiort thick hair, arc black, but frequently fpottcd with different colours, as white, red, or grey, and are often manufac- tured into caps, waiftcoats, tobacco-pouches, and the like. The old ones, which are about eight feet long, make i hoarfe barking, fomewhat like a dog, and the youni; ones mew like a cat. The largcfl ot them will yield about half a barrel of oil ; and their fltins, if pro- perly curad, would be of confiderable value. Some of our men ufcd to cat the young ones, and their entrails were thought by them as good as thofe of a hog. Here are likewil'e great numbers of guanicoes, a kind of wild tker, called by fome Peruvian flicep, their backs being covered w ith a very fine loft wool. They have a long neck, and the head refembles that of a Iheep; but they have very long legs, and arc cloven footed like a deer, w ith a lliort bufliy tail. Thefc are as large as a middle fized cow, and when freed from the flun and otl'ui, weigh about two hundred and a half. Their flelli is excellent, either frefli or falted, and after fo long a voyage, was very ferviceablc in refrefliing ourfeamen. They herd together in comixuiies of twenty or more, and the method we purfued in killing them was by fending a party of men in the night, who fearchcd for them by the fprings of water to which they refort j and there lying in anibufh among thebuflies, they hdd an opportunit)' of fliooting them at their pleafure j yet thcfe animals, when fenliblc of danger, fuddcr'v cfcape i for they arc very fnift of toot. In tiiis ]-lm. are alfo hares of a prodigious ihv ; lor ihey wci);|i, while alive, near 20 pounds, and, when Ikinniil, mcas big as a tor. Thcfc arc chiefly inhabitant* of ilij valleys. With rcfpcft 10 the frathcrtd laee, here mc a great number of oftrichcs, but not near fo h\yx ^ thofe in Africa. Thcfe birds, which are remarkable Inr the length of their necks and legs, and the (lioitnclj of their wings, have been confidered by naturalilh ai holding the fame place among birds, as ranuls tio among beafts. Their fmall head has fome rcfemW ukc to thiit of a goofc, and their plumage conlifts i)f(;rcy feathers covering the back as far as the tail, but thofc on the belly arc white. They have liwr toes on each foot, one behind and three before ; and from the fliortnefs of their wings, arc unable to raife their b(K!iis from the ground j yet by their help they will run with amazing fwiftnefs. Wc found great quantities of their eggs, fome of which arc of an enormous fize. There is here alfo another extraordinary large bird, which wc called the wild ciglc, whofe b, which had been damaged at the head. Others, as has been already mentioned, were employed as niwcrs to go in fcarch of water, though without fuc- (cfsi hut when they were on this duty, they had a (Imibic al'owancc of brandy, and fmall tents were cricied on lliore for their own ufe. Before ourdcpar- niie, «e alfo funk two calks, one of them on the jioiih Ihoie from the place of anchorage, a-hreafl of fhi' rock in form of a flceple. 'Ihe other cafk was funk on tlic finith Ihore, two miles and a half to the S. S. \V. of the rtcepic rock, and near a gentle de- clivity, on which we ereded a poll twelve feet high from the ground, with a piece of board nailed ai rols it by way ot mark. .\t length having ec|iiippcd the fliip for fca, and received proper ballafl Irom the fliore, fignril was made for failing. Our crew were greatly rcfrclhcd by the provilions they met with at this place, having had the tlclh of the guanicoes ferved three times a week, which they found to be delicious food; and this, doubtlcfs, contributed greatly to their continuing in a giHki llate of health, as were alfo all on board our confoit the Tamar : belides a pcrfcdt unanimity fob- lifted between the olTicers and men of both fliips, who uiaintaincd the molt friendly intercourfc with each other, whenever they had an op|K)rtunity. On Satur- day, the I (I of December, our cutter being thoroughly repaired, we took her on Inrard, and on the 2nd, we 11 link our tents, which had been fet up at the watering- place. '1 his bears about S. S. E. of the fleepic rock, from which it is didant about two miles and an half. On VVcdnefilay, the cth, we unmoored, and between five and fix in the evening weighed. We now got un- der fail, having fair and pkafant weather, and fteered out v.. N. E. with a favourable gale at N. N. W. di- recting our courfe from Port Delire, in fearch of Pepy's lllund, faid to have been feen by Cowley, who lays it down in latitude 47 deg. but makes no mention of its longitude. In our charts it is laid down in longitude of 64 ileg. from the meridian of London, bearing E. by S. of Cape HIanco; and it received its name in honour of Samuel Pepys, Klq. fecretary to James duke of York, when lord high admiral of Englantl ; who pretended, that it had not only a good harbour, in which a thou- fand fliips might fafcly ride at anchor, but that it abounded with wild (owls, and was extremely conve- nient for wooding and watering; but after many un- fu( cefsful attempts to difcovcr this ifland, in order to procure a frclb fiipply of wood and water, wc had the niiirtification to find, that all our endeavours were in Vain and ineftcihial. VV'c were therefore obliged to de- firt from the fcarch, and on the 1 1 th, at noon, the Com- modore rcfolvcd to ftand in for the main, both ihips be- ing in want of wood and water. Having changed our courfe, laive whales were obfcrved to fwim frequently about the (hip, ana birds in great numbers flew round us. On the 15th, being in latitude 50 deg. 33 min. S. and in 66 deg. 59 min. W. longitude, we were, about lix in the evening, overtaken by the hardcfl gale at S. W. that the Commo(iore had ever been in, with a fea flill higher than any he had feen in goinii round Cape Horn .- No. j6. • with lord Anion. I'hc llorm (ontinued the wl'.ole night, during which wc lay to under a balanced mizeii, and (hipped many heavy fcas. On Sunday the i6th, at eight o'clock A. M. it be- gan to (ub(ide 1 at ten we made fail under our courfcs ; and on the i8th, in latitude 51 deg. H min. S. and 'ti longitude 71 deg. 4 min, W. we faw land from the malt head. Caix: Virgin Mary (the north entrance of the Strait of Magellan) bore S. 19 deg. 50 min. W.diflartt nineteen leagues. The land, like that near Port De- lire, was of the downy kind, without a (ingle tree. On the 19th, we flood into a deep bay, at the bottom of which appeared a Harbour ; but we (bund it barred, the fea breaking quite from one (idc of it to the other. At low water it was rocky and aiinofl dry ■, and we had only lix fathoin when we flood out again. In this place we obferved porpoifes, whiih were iiull< white, with black fpots, pyrfuing the fifli, r'. w nich there were great num- bers. Thurfday, the 10th, wc had litiic wind with thunder and lightning fiom thcS. \V. at lour o'clock A. M. wc faw an extremity of land beloivgmg to Cape I'airwea- ther, extending; from S. to W. We were now at ilio diflanccof four leagues from the fl.ore; whcnfoiindiiiu:, we found twenty-live tiuhoms water, with Toft grnuiui, arul the latitude of the Cape to he in 51 (li-|/. joiiiin. S. We never llocreii al'o>e five or lix miles troni tin; (bore, antl in palling bitwcen the lafl-nientioncd Cain; anil Cajx- Hianro, we h,ul no fonndin;_'s with twenty- five fathoms hue. 'I'he cn.iil lure ;ippe.irs in white dirt's, with level buff land, not iiiiiikc th.u al'out l^ovcr and the South Forelands. We now i.inie in lioht of Cape Virgin Mary, from which we Wtre dilhmt five leagues, and alfo the land named Terra del Futgo. We found the coall to lie S. S. F. vciV diflcitnt from Sir John Narboroiigh's d.lcription ; iind a long fpit of (and running to tlie fouthwaid of the Caj)e for more than a league.' We had very fair weather al the morn- ing, and at three o'clock P. M. Cape Virgin Mary bore N. W. half N. About two leagues to the wedward, a low neck of land runs ofi" from the C ape ; we approach- ed it without danger, and at fix, anchored with the bcft bower in fifteen fathoms water, at wliii h time the Cape bore N. half E. about feven miles ; but the Tam.ir was fo far to leeward, that (he could not fetch the anchoring ground, and therefore kept under way all night. On the 21 ft, at three o'clock .\. M. we weighed, antl again pot under fail j and at lix the extreiius of Terra cU-I Kuego appeareti, extending from the S. E. by S, to the S. W. by S. four or five le.igiics diflant. At eight we perceived a good deal of fiiioke ilFuing from diflercnt quarters, and, on our nearer approach faw plainly a number of people on horfeback. This is the coaft of Patagonia, and the place where the half flarved remains of the crew of the Wager, as they were pafTing the ftrait in their Ifoat, after the lofs of the lliip, faw .1 number of horfemen, who waved whar appeared to thein like white handkerchiefs, inviting them to come on fliore. Mr. Bulkley, thegunnerof the Wager, who publiftied an account of her voyage and misfortunes, fays, that they were in doubt whether tl.efc- people were Europeans, who had been fliipw recked on the coalV, or natives of the country about the river (iailagocs. At ten o'clock, we anchored in fourteen fathoms on the north Ihorc, and faw Cape Virgin Mary, w hieh appeared over the low neck o( land to the Fl N. E. and Point Pollemon to the W. by S. Wc were now about a mile from the land, and had no fooner CL-.me to an anehoi', than we faw with our glaflls a number of horftmcn, abreaftof the Dolphin, riding backward and forward, and waving fomething white, as an invitation for us to come on Uiore. Immediately our twelve oared boat washoifted out, which was manned with thcCommo'- dore, Mr. Marflial, the fecond lieutenant, thcjourna- lift, to whom wo arc indebted principally for the hif- tory of this voyage, and a party of men all well armed, Mr. Gumming, our firft lieutenant, followed in the fix oared cutter. On our firft^ approaching the coaft, evident figns of furprizc were vifiblc among feme incur boat, on feeing 3 K ' men 222 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD C o m p l f. r r. « mvi\ of a moll cnonuous li/e, to the number of about live hundred ; while others, jn:rhaps, to encourage the reft, obfcrvcJ, that tholb gigantic people were as mucli lurpri/.cd at the light of our niulkets, as we were at feeing them: though it is highly probable they did not know their ufe, and had never neaal the report of a gun : however, this was fulficient to remind us, that our fire-arms gave us an advantage much fupcrior to that derived from (lature and pcrfonal ftrcngth. The ticoplc on fhorc :i« we advanced kept waving and hal- looing J but we could not ()crccive they had among them weapons of any kind. When wc had towed within twenty yards of the fliorc, we lay on our oars, and obfervcd fomc on foot near the beach, but the greater part were on horfeback, drawn up upon a ftony fpit, which ran a good way into the fea, and where it was very ditVuult to land, the water being (hallow, and the Hones \cry large. They now Hioutcd with great vociferation, and by their countenances fcemcd eagerly dclirous of having us land. After the moll anucaiile ligns which we were capable of underftand- ing, or they of giving, a fignal was made for them to retire backwards, to a little dinanCc, with which they readily complied. The Commodore now hclil a (hort confultation with his otiiccrson the propriety of land- ing, when one, fired with the thoughts of making a full difcovcry in regard to thcfc Indians, made a mo- tion to approach nearer and jump on (liorc, but the Commodore objected to it, and would not fuHcr any man to go before himfelf. In a fliort time we attcniiMcd to land, moll of our boat's crew being up to the mid- dle in water. The Commotlore, rcgarUlefs of fuch kind of dilliculties, pulhcd refolutely on, and, having with great intrepidity leaped on Ihorc, drew up his men uiK)n the beach, with the ofliccrs at their head, and ordered them not to move from that Nation, till he iliould either call or beckon to them. Commodore By- ron now advanced alone towards the Indians; but per- ceiving they retreated as he advanced, upon this he made ligns, that one of them Ihould come forward. Theic being undcrftood, one who appeared afterwards to Ix' a chief, advanced towards him. His flaiure was gigantic, he being nearly fevcn feet high. Round one of his eyes was a circle of black paint, and one of vhite round the other : the reft of his face was painted with various colours, and he had the (kin of fome wild beaft, with the hair turned inwards, thrown over his ihoulders. His hair was long and black, hanging dow n behind. The Commodore and Indian chief having paid their compliments to each other, in a language mutually unintelligible to the perfon to whom it was addrcfllJ, they walked together towards the main bht. Their language appeared to 143 to be nothing more inan a jargon of founds, without any mixture of the Spanilk or Portugucfe, the only European tongues of w hich it was polTible for them to obtain any knowledge, and with which it is probable it would have been mixed, had they any m "ar; Si' « Co MM MnJ.'H J'HUufuJ lyAliuWiitM al tAfJiuifSjdrm,r ./Y'/r RttrnffrttrRnr . any immec tuguefc ot before our iiians wer* (hoie, the) diftancc. cafe, yet bore no p bridle was that Icrvcd in ufe anio women rot ftirnips ; which «'c and flipp" the fim wi with their mrticuiar i Tiiey appc lition, and thenifelves tobacco, tl Inwke whi jjointtil to tion to giv< bein^; fo gr probable, us unaware who was bravery, tl ther from he he nuift kt ■..;:%- Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE—for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, 5cc. 223 any immediate ifitercourfe with the Spaniards or Por- tuguefe o( South America. We mull not omit, that beibre our landing, the greatcll part of thcle V.f «'<<- nians were on horfeback, but on feeing us gain the (hore, they difmountcd, and left their horfcs at Ibmc diftance. Thefc horfes were not large, nor in good cafe, yet they were well broken, and very fwift, but bore no proportion to the lize of their riders. The bridle was a leathern thong, with a fmall piece of wckkI that ferved for a bit, and the faddles refembled rhe pads in ufe among the country people in England. Their women rode allride, and both men and women without ftirmps; yet they galloped fearlcfsly over the fpit upon which we landed, the (tones of which were large, loofe and flippery. Thefe people looked frcqutiTly rnv.r.n.ls the (un with an air of adoration, and made motions with their fingers, m order to make us feniible of any p.uticular circitmftance they wanted us to undcrlland. They appeared to be of an amiable and friendly difpo- lition, and fcemcd to live in great unanimity among theinfelves. After they had been prefentcd with the tobacco, they made figns for us to go vith them to the finoke which we faw r.t a dillancc, and at the fame time pointed to their mouths, as if intimating an inclina- tion to give us refrelhmen.-j but their number nt prefent beinj^fo greatly fuperior to ours, and it being not im- probable, that ftill greater multitudes might furround us unawares from t\\< inland country, our Commodore, who was equally remarkable for his prudence and br.nvcry, thought it not advifeable to venture any far- ther from the water fide, and therefore intimated, that he he muft return to the fliip, on which they lijt down again, apparently much concerned. At length, after making figns that we would depart, with the mod pjaufilile proinifci. by gcftures, of returning again to them from the ihip, we left thefc Patagonian Indians, who were fo dillreflcd and .ifflicled at our departure, that we heard their lamentations for a confiderable time after. When the Commmlorc t(X)k his leave of them they kept their feats, not one offering to detain, or follow him. Another ofllcer on board the Dolphin, in his accountof thefe extraordinary people, adds, that they all appeared to be very fagacious, cafily underftood the fignal.s or intimations which our people made to them, and behaved w ith great complacency and "good Mtiire. Such is the informations we have received from the papers of our journalifl, whofc veracity re- quired no proof among thofewhohav "lad thepleafure of his aciiiiaintance ; but as evidences in corroboration of hisaffcrtions. and the truth of the faCls, we ihall in- fcrt here the following account of the Patagonians, which we have received from a gentleman, who was alio iin orticer in one of the lliips, and on ihorc at the fame time with our author. The Dolphin having entered ten or twelve leagues into the mouth of the (traits of Magellan, the men on deck obferved thirty or forty people of an extraordinary flaiurc, l\anding on the beach of the continent, who looking attentively on them, made friendly figns, by whi( h they feemed to invite them to come on fliore : while others who flood aloft, difcovered with their Ijbllls a much greater number, about a mile farther up the country J but afcribcd their apparent fize to the fogginefs of the air. The fhip happened at this inilant iol)c I'.xalmed ; the honourable Mr. Byron, thinking no time would be loft by going afliore, rcfolved to land, in order to fee thefc Indians, and learn what he could of the ir Hianners ; he therefore onicrcd a fix-oared boat Ifir himfilf and ofHccrs; «nd one of twelve oars to be lilli'd 'vith men and arms, as a fecurity, in cafe there flioi i )c any attempt to furprizc or injure him, or any ul thole who went with him ; though the people or li.orc did not leein to have any thing like an oliirnfivc uc.ipon among them. C)n the C^onmiodore's l.nding, in company with his 'icutenant, he made figns to the In- dians, who were crouding round him, to retire, which they very readily did, to the difTanccof thirty or forty yards. He then, attended by his lieutenant, advanced towards thcin, about twenty yards, and their number w.1.1 loon liKiealed to upwards of five hundred nun. women, and chiliiren. Several civilities at this time paffcd on both fides, the Indians cxprefling their joy and fatisfadion, by finging uncouth fongs, fliaking hands, and fitting with looks of pleafure, with their wives and children round the Commodore, who dilhi- buted among them ribbons, and firings of beads, w ith which they appeared highly delighted. He tied neck- laces round the necks of fevcial of the woiiitn, who fecmcd to be from fevcn to eight feet high ; bi't the men were for the mod part about nine feet in height, and fomc more. 'I'he Commodore hiinlllf meafures full fix feet, and though he lloo car 1767, atlirts, that the Patigo- niana are not gipantic ; and that what m,\kc.< them ap- pear (b, is their prodigious broad (Hjuldcrs, the lire nf their heads, and the thicknefsof .^11 their limbs. Some time before the hon. Mr. Byron made this voyage, it was (he dibjcOl of warm coined among men of (cicnuc in this country, vhetl-er a race of men upon the coall of Patagonia, above the connnon dature, did iwUy exid 1 aiid.tiitf i.ontradiiiUiry reports, made by oCtuIar wii- f"?l». Sf'bi y 224 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complkt Mitnt'flcs, concerning this faiit, tended greatly to perplex the qucflion. It appears that, during one hundred years, ahnoft all navigators, of whatever country, agree in alfirining the exigence of a race of giants upon thofe coafts; but during another century, a much greater number agree in denying th^ fadt, treating their prcdeccHbrs as idle fabulills. Bnriniais fpcaks of a race of giants in South America j and the U-tra (umi/n/Jli tie la ^ijii in his hirtory of Peru, is decifivcly on the fame fide of the qucftion. For quiMdoWh. I. chap. 13 and 14, records the American traditions concerning a race of giants, and a deluge uhich happened in remote times, in thefe parts. Magellan, Loaifa, Sarmiento, and Nodal, among the Spandiards ; and Cavendifli, Hawkins, and Knivet, among the Englilh; Sebald, Oliver dc Noort, Ic Maire, and Spilberg, among rlie Du:ch, together with fome French voyagers, a'l bear tclUi.iony to the fad, that the inhabitants of Patagonia were of a gigantic height: on the fontrary, Winter, the Dutch admiral Ileriiiite, Frogcr, in Dc Gcnnes's narrative, and Sir John Narboroi'gh, deny it. Sir Francis Dnike, who failed through the ftraiu, fays nothing concerning it ; and his liience on this head can only he accounted for on the fuppofition, either that he faw no inhabitants on the caaft in his paflage, or that there was nothing extraordinary in their ap- j)earancc. To reconcile thric different opinions, we have only to fuppofc that the country is inhabited by dillinOt races of men, one of whom is of a fize beyond the ordinary pitch, the other not gigantic, though perhaps tall and remarkably hrge limbed ; and that each pollefs parts of the country feparatc and remote fronj each other. That fome giants inhabit thefe rej^ions can now no longer be doubted ; fincc the concurrent icrtimony of late Iinglifli navigators, par- ticularly Comn»odorc Uyron, Captains Wallis and Carteret, gentlemen of unqucftionabic veracity, cfta- blilh the iiA, from their not only having fecn and convcrfcd with thefe people, but even mcaiurcd them. But it is time now to proceed with the hiftory of our voyage. On Friilay the a ! ft of December, at three o'clock P. M. we weighed, and worked up the ftrait of " I.igellan, which is here aix)ut three leagues broad, not with a view to pafs through it, but to take in a projier rtock of w(xid and water, not chufing to truft wholly to the finding of Falkland's Ifiands, which we determined afterwards to feek. At eight in the evening wc anchored in 25 fathoms water, at the diHancc of three miles N. N. V,. from Port Poiredion, in view of two remarkable hummocks, which Bulk- loT, from their appearance, dilVinguilhed by the name of 'he Alles luirs. On the 22nd, at thice o'clock A. \l. we weighed and lleered S. VV. by W. about lour leagues, when the water flioalcd to lix fathoms iind a half, wc I'^ing then over a bank of which no notice has hitherto beer, taken, and full three leagues from the fliore ; but ui two or three cafts of the log- hne, it deepened to i j fathoms. When the water was fliallowefi, the Alfes F.ars bore N. W. by W. and the north point of the ftrft narrow W. by S. diftant fomewhat more than five miles. Wc now fteercd S. VV. by S. two leagues to the lirft narrow, as it is ufiiatly called, which brought us through. This nar- row IS about three miles over, and is the narrowcft part of the llraiis; and through it a regular tide runs with j.;iiat rapidity. In this run we law an Indian i.jxin the f:)iiih Ihore, who kejjt waving to us as long .\h we wire in light; alfo fome guanicocs upon the k'.ils. The land is on each lidc furrounded with thefe; Ixii the country is entirely barren without a a tingle tree, vet wc here obferved great quantities of Imokc from dillercnt parts of the Itiorc. The courfc of the iirtt narrow to a little fca, or the found, is S. W. by W. about eight leagues. The land on each fulc is of a moderate height, and rather higheft on the nortii lliorc, but runs low towards the fccond narrow. On lituiKling from the firft to the fecond naiTUHi vvu tumrd from so to 15 fathoms water, with wc 'named PoriKiife . ""1 I the foutiicm- ■ :i nules. In the good anchorage ; and it was there about (<;veii leagues from the north liiorc to the ifland of 'ieira dd Fucgo. At the entrance or caft end of the Second narrow lies Cape Gregory, which is a white clilFola moderate height ; and a little to the n ./•thwaid of it is a fandy bay, in which you may ride in tifr|u fathoms water, with very good anchorai^e. Wlu'ii abreaft , of Cape Gregory wc fteercd S. \V. half W. five leagues, through the fecond narrow, having j depth of water from 20 to 25 fathoms. Wc went out of the weft end of this narrow about n(H)ii, and fleered three leagues fouth for Flizabeth's lllanj. At this part of the narrow on the fouth fliore, is 1 white headland, called Sweepftakts Foreland. The wind being right againft us wc anchored in fcvcii fathom. The ifland bore S. S. K. about a mile dil".. tant, and B;»rtholomew's Ifland bore K. S. li. In the evening fix Indians came down to the watei-fidc, and continued for fome time waving and hallooing to us, but feeing their labour liuitiefs, they wmt away. lictvvcen the firft and fecond narrows the flood fcts to the S. W. and the ebb to the N. i:. but being paft the fecond narrow, the courfe with a leading wind is S. by E. three leagues between St. Bartholomew's and Elizabeth's Iflands, where the channel is one mile and a half over. The Hood liu througli to the Ibuthward with great vehemeiuc and rapidity, fo that when near, it appears like breakers, and the tide round the iflands fets ditVeient ways. On Sunday the 23d we had very nuHltratc weather, but hazy, with intervals of Irclli bree/cs. In the morning we weighed, and worked bttuiin the two iflands; wc got over on the north Ihore be- fore the tide w. -IS fpcnt, and anchored in 10 lathom. St. Cieorgc's Ifland bore K. F.. ')y N. diftant tiirce leagues; a point of land whii ' Point, N. by W. diftant •. ; n moft land S. by Fl. diftai.r • .. , evening we apin got uiidci i.iii, and IVered S. by bl. and at ten o'clock wc anchored about a mile from the north fliore, in 13 fathoms, Sandy Point now Iwre S. by E. diftant tour mile* ; Porpoife Point N. N. W. three leagues, and St. George's Ifland N. E. four leagues. On the 24th, wc fen' ...^ boat to found between Elizabeth's and St. L artholomew's Iflandj, and found it a very good chani.el, with deep water. On this occafion we law a number of Indians, who hallooed to us from Fllizabeth's Iflaiul. Both the PKn and women were of the n>iddlc lizc, well made, and with fmooth black h«ir. Their complexion was olive-coloured, and their boilies were rubbetl over with red earth, mixed with grcafc. They are \crj adivc and fwift of foot. Their cloathing coniifts ot fkins of feals, otters, and guanicocs, fewcvi tcj^ithcr in a piece about four feet fqiiare, and wrapp-.d ojaJ their bodies. They have likewife a cap n i. o: I'c flcins of fowls with the feathers on j an -> h r feet were pieces of (kins to anfwcr il"? '1 . '' fliocs: bclides, fome of the females h-i". .,■.•' r (kin faftcned round their waifts. The worneii ".r .- ever had no caps, but wore a kind of necklace for niti; of (hells. Several of the men had nothing wrai^pcd round them, but were entirely naked. This day the Commodore, accompanictf by his fecond lieu- tenant landed upon Sandy Point, where they fmiml plenty of wood, with exceeding good water, and for four miles of their walk the ftiore was very pleafant. A fine level country is over t'lc point, and the foil to all appearance is extreme y rich. The ground was covered with different kinds u*" flowers, that perfiimcd the air with their fragrance, long which, where the blolToms had been flieJ, a^- berries in- numerable, even the grafs was interir- t, \-itl, pea; in blofibin. In this Tuxuriuit herbage, a i:nuiLitudc of birds were feeding, which on account of their un- common iicautiful plumage, we cali^'d painted gcefe. in our walk from Sandy Foinl, which was more than i 2 miles, wc fan no part of the (hort where a boat could land with-u. -.^reat danger, the water being every where (hoai, and the f«a breaking viry hi^h. I", Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE — for making Difcovcries in thcSouTHEUN Ocfan.&c. 225 In little receiFes of the woods, ami alaa>s near to frclli water, we difcovercd a j^rcac numbtr of wig- wams, belonging to the .ndians, which had been very lately occupied, for in fome of them the fires were fcarccly extinguiflied. Plenty of wild celery, ■ind a varic ' of plants, were fcen in many places, the utility o> which to feanien in a long voyage is well known. Wc returned in the evening to the fliips, which we found at anchor in Sandy Bay, in lofathon.s water, and at the diftancc of about half a mile from the fiiore. During our abfencc. feme of our men were employed in hauling the feine, and in three hours had caught a great quantity of fifli, of an extraordinary Ihe; among which were fixty large mullets. A (hoot- ing party had gooi! fport ; for the place abounds with ecefe, teal, fnipes, and other birds. This excellent food was, efpecially at this time, very acceptable, for the keen air of this place had made our people fo hun- gry, that they could have eaten three times their al- lowance. By a good obfervation wc found our latitude to be (I deg. 10 min. S. On iuelday the 25th, being Chriftmas-day, wc weighed at eight o'clock, A. M. and with little wind, fleered S. by \i. along-fide of the lliore between two and three miles, but had no founding with a line of 40 fa- thoms. Every thing here was in the greatell perfec- tion, with rcfpedb to the appearance of the trees, and the verdure of the lands, which in differenr places alTord a molt enchanting profpeft; and many parts of the fliorc have parture for ilieep or cows, which in fuch long voyages arc generally on board. At this time of the year, the fun is 1 7 hours above the horizon, thcfe illands being fituatcd nearly at the famediUance from the equator, as the middle part of Great Britain, only one to the fouth, and the other to the north. In failing towards the South Pole, the fame alteration is foundas in fleering towards the north, till you run between 60 and 70 degrees, when the wellerly winds generally prevailing in the fouthern ocean, and blowing very furioufly in the months of April, May, June, July, Auguft, and September, there is no probability of fail ing round the cape in thcfe months, for which reafon flups feldom attempt it, unlefs in the proper feafon. At three r. M. we caft anchor in 18 fathoms water, Sandy Wnnt bearing N N. W. three leagues, and the fouth point oJ Frefli Water Bay, S. E. half E. two miles. The tide here runs very (low, but rifes con(ider- ablyby the (liorc, where wc obferved it to flow 16 feet. The land here is divcrlificd with woods, and abounds with water: in fomc places it rifes very high, and is covered with perpetual fnow. On the 26th we weighed, and fleered S. S. E. for Port Famine. The northernmoft point, called St. Anne's, at noon, bore S. by E. half E. diftant three leagues. A reef of rocks runs out from this point. S. E. by E. about two miJes; and the water will fuddcnly (hoal from 60 to 20 fathoms, at the diflancc of two cables length from the reef The point itfelf is very fteep, and care mufl be ukcn in (landing into Port Famine, for the water ihoaU very fuddcnly, and at more than a mile from the ihorc there is but nine feet water, w hen the tide is out. Soundings will foon be got by hauling clofc round St. Anne's Point ; but when therv is no more than feven fathom:;, it will not be fafc to go farther in. On Thurfday the 27th, we anchored at noon in Port Famine. Our fltuation was extremely eligible, for we were (lieltered from all winds, except the S. E. which fcldoin blows, and was a fliip tu be driven on fliorc in the bottom of the bay, (he coulil not receive any damage, (or it is all line foft ground. In this harbour may be found a confiderable quantity of excellent wood, either green or dry, the latter lying along the fliorc on both tides the flraits, which are a!mo(t covered with the trees that have been blown down from the banks, and drifted by the high winds. Thefc trees arc fomewhat )ikcour birch, but arc of (b confldcrable a flzc, that the trunks of fome of them arc two feet and a half in di- ameter, and 60 feet in length. Many of thcfe were cut down for our carpenter's ufc, who found, that when properly dried, they were very ferviccable, though not Ng, 27. tit for mails. As to drift wood, there is a quantity fiiiricient to have furnithed a thoufand fail. Port Famine obtained its name from a party of Spaniards, who had planted a colony on the fliorc ; but for want of a regular fupply of provifions, were ftarved to death. There are flill fome remains of buildings, though they arc now almoft covered w ith earth. W\r faw them on a hill, that has been cleared of wood, and which is not far from where our fliips lay. The river Sedger difcharges itfelf into the bay. This river is- about half a cable length broad at the entrance, and is juft navigable for boats. In going into it we met with two flats, one on the flarboard-fide, and the other on the larboard, which wc difcovercd at half ebb; thefc render it fomewhat dinicult to go ii]j the river, except after half flood, when it may be navigated with great pleafurc and cafe, by keeping in the middle of the channel. About two miles up the river it is not above ■JO yards over, at which place wc found 01? our riL'.hr, a fine gravelly fteep beach, fo that the boats lia-l the convenience of coming along-fide of it, in ore' -r to receive the water in cafks, which we found to .te excellent. ThcCommoilore, with a party, went up iJic river four miles, but could proceed no farther, tlic trees which had fallen acrols the 11 ream impeding the boat's way ; one of the flumps of them having made a hole in her bottom, (he was immediately filled with water; but, with difficulty they hauled her on fliorc, and contrived to flop the the leak, fo that they made a fliift to return in her to the (hip. This river has per- haps as beautiful an appearance as it is jioflible for the mod luxuriant fancy to conceive. Its agreeable wind- ings are various ; and on each fide is a fine grove ol (lately trees, whofe lofty heads jut over the river; and form a plcafant fliadc. Some of ther.i are of a great height, and more than eight feet in dia.rctcr, which is proportionably more than eight yards in circumference; fo that four men joining hands could not compafs them ; among others, wc faw the pcppar-tree, or winter's-bark, in great plenty. To complete this de- lightful fpot, the wild notes of different kind of birds are heard on all fides, and the aromatic fmcll of the various (brts of flowers which adorn its banks, fecm to unite in grati(ying the fenfes of the inchanted flrangcr. The flowers with which in many places the ground is covered, are not inferior to thofc that arc commonly Ibund in our gardens, either in beauty or fragrance. Such arc the charms which nature has lavi(hed on a fpot, where the Indians alone can behold its beauties; while they are probably infenfiblc of thofc attrading fcenes, which pcrfons of the moft improved taftc might contemplate with no fmall pleafure ; and were it not for the feverity of the cold in winter, this country, by cultivation, might be made the fined in the world. The leaves of the trees, the dimcnfions of whofc trunks wc have already noticed, refcmblc thofc of our bay-trees. The rind is grey on the outfidc and pretty thick. This is the true winter's bark, aname which it obtained from its being brought in the year 1567, from the Straits of Magellan, by Mr. William Winter. This bark, on being taken oft' the tree and died, turns to the colour of chocolate. It has an acrid, burning, pungent taftc, and is eftecmed an excellent remedy againft the fcurvy. It is, iiowever, extremely fragrant, and the tree, when flanding, has a ftrong aromatic fmell. We frequent- ly made ufc of the bark on board our fliip in pies, in- (icad of pepper, and being fteeped in water it gives a very agreeable flavour. Thefc trees are likewifc found in the woods, in many other places in the ftraits, and alfo on the caft and weft coafl^: of Patagonia. The land in the woods, in fomc places, con(iIts of gravel, in others of fand, and in others of gootl brown earth; but old fallen trees and underwood obflnid the paflage through them. Thefc woods near the (hore, extend up the fides of very high hills, but the mountains further within land rife much higher, and their barren rugged fummits covered w ith fnow, arc fcen peeping over the hills next the ihorc. Indeed, the land on each fide the (hore rifes to a great height, particularly on ,thc ifland of Terra del Fucgo, on the fouth-fide of the 3 L ftraits. 226 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. CoMMODt flraits, where there are high barren rocks covered with everlafting fnow, Thcfe have a black dreary afpcdt, and mud have a confidcrable inHuence on the air, which they render cold and moift. This evidently ap- peared even while we were there, though this was their midfunimcr, when every thing muft naturally be in the hig! II perfedion. But notwithdanding the weather, when the fun (hone out, was very warm, yet it was unfittlcd, and we had frequently heavy rain and thick focks. In the woods arc innumerable par- rots, and other birds of the molt beautiful plumage. Vt'e fliot every day gccfc and ducks enough to fervc the Commodore's table, and that of fcvcral others: w c had, indeed, plenty of frcfli provifions of all Mnds, particularly fi(h, of which wc caught fuch numbers as fupplied our men three times a week. We muft not omit here, that we faw many Indian huts, built with fmall branches of trees, and covered w ith leaves and mud, but we never met with a fingle inhabitant. The country between this and Cape Forward, which is dif- tant about three leagues, is exceeding fine : the foil ap- pears to be very rich, and there are no Icfs than three pretty large rivers, belidcs many brooks. While we continued in this port, the Conmiodore and a party went one day to Cipe Forward. Upon fctting out we intended to have gone farther ; but the rain having fell very heavy, wc were glad to flop at the Cape, and make a good fire to dry our clothes. The Indians had de- parted fo lately from this place, that the wood, which lay half burnt, was ftill warm. Soon after our fire waj kindled, we perceived another on the Terra del Fucgo fliore, a fignal, probably, which we did not underftand. The rain having abated, we walked over the cape, and found the ftrait to run about W. N. W. The hills aj far as wc could lee, were of an immenfe height, very craggy, and covered with fnow from the very baft up. wards. The Commodore having ordered a tent to be ereded on t!x borders of a v/ooli, and near a rivulet three feamen were ftationed there to walh linen, and they lay in the tent. One evening, foon after they had retired to rclV, they were awakened by the deep and hollow roarings of feme wild beafts, which approached nearer every moment. Terrified with apprehenfions of being devoured, they made and kept up a blazing fire, round which the beafts walked at a fmall diC. tance till dawn of day, when they retired. We did not credit this ftory, for the relators could not td! us what kind of beafts they faw, only they were very large; yet it muft be acknowledged, that, at different tini'es', when on lliorc, we tracked many wild beafts in the fand, but never faw one. And as we were returning through the woods, we found two very large Ikulls, which, by the teeth, appeared to have belonged to fome bealls of prey, but of w hat kind we could not guefs. C H A P. II. I'he D')!phiH and Twiut, trr back frmn Port Fiimiine in feanb nf Fdklund's Iflands — Arrive at Port Ej^moiit — Oi. /tnalioiis rn this port mid the adjacent country — Run from Falkland's Ijlunds to Port Dffire, and through ihf Straits of Mageltcinasfar as Ciipc Monday — The Flortdd florejlip happily dij'i mend — A jhangefatl makes her appearance, and /olkzt;s the Dolphin, "ivhiih pio-ved to he the Fagle, commanded by M- Boiigaiirvilit- — A defcription 0/ dijerent parts f/ ibi- Straits — Pa(fa^e from Cape Monday into the South Sea — The utlphin in a critical Jituation — Ohfcnations n 1'iujday Bay- — Enters the Pacijic Ocean — And touches at ALf.i-J'ucio — Ol/ervations on this //land. A n -A' AA7 ^ ^^fP^^ t^i'* New-year in Port 17^5. yY paniin^.^ where wc enjoyed every blefting, which after fo long a voyage we had rcafon to experft. We had fifli, wood, and water, in abundance : both our ftiip and the Tainar were in good condition, and the fuccefs of our voyage, with the continued kindnefs of our Commodore, kept our men in high fpirits. Having complcated the wood and water of both ftiips, and provided every neceflary that was w anted, on Friday the 4ih of Januaiy, we weighed, and fet fail from Port Famine, (landing over to the Iftand of Terra del Fucgo, where we ("aw great quantities of liiiokc rifmg from different quarters, which we fup- polcii to he raifeii by various parties of Indians. The iiiuntion of the Commodore was now to fteer back a'aiu in fcarth of Falkland's Iflands. With this view on the 5th, wc held on our courfe N. W. by N. four leagues, and tlu n thne leagues north, between Eliza- beth and Bartholniii'.w Iflands, after which wc ftcercd N. F.. halt !•■.. tVoiii the fecond narrow to the firft, bc- ,i\j; a run of eigiit leagues. Wc proceeded through the lirft narrow againft the ftood j but the tide of flood iLitring Urong to louthward, arovc the ftiip dircdlly towards the fouth Ihore, which might have proved of fatal confcjuenic to thcfliip; for as we were under a very h\'^h roeky clitf in 50 fathoms water, if there had h.ippcned a luddcn fiiuall of wind, wc muft have been inevitably loft: however, the flood fet us back again into the entrance oi the (irft narrow, and we caft anchor in 40 lathoiu, within two cables length of the (hore. On the 6th, at one o'clock, A. M. we weighed, and had a plcafaiit northerly breeze with the tibcofcbb; but thio brcc/.e fi)on abating, the tide let the fljip to the N. W. and at five (he took the ground on a fand bank ol 1 5 feet, w hich reduced us to no fmall ex- tremity ; but providentially, in about half an hour, (he Iwung by the force of the tide into decp:r water. This Ihoal, not mcntiomd by any fanner navigators. is \cr\- dangerous, as it lies dircdiy in the track be- tween Cape \irgin Mary and the firft narrow, and iuft in the middle bewecn the north and fouth ftiorts. It is more than two leagues long, equally broad, and in many places very ftecp j fo that ftiould a ihip grouml upon it m a hard gale of wind, Ihc would probably foon be heat to pieces. When we were upon this bank, Point Follelliun bore N. K. diftani three leagues, and the entrance of" the narrow S. W. diftant two leagues. Alx)ut fix o'clock, A. M. we anchored, ami at noon worked with the ebb tide till two, but finding the water ftioal, we came again to anchor, absut half a mile from the fouth-fide of the bank : at which time the Aflcs Ears bore N. W. by W. diftant four leagues. On the 7th, about eight o'clock, A. M. wc weighed and ftcered about half a mile S. E. by l\. We now got our boats out, and towed the Ihip into the deeped water in the fouth channel ; by which means we an. chored in 14 fathoms, the tide of Hood making ftrong againft us ; and then being for the diftance of half a mile round us encompafled with ftwals, that had only eight feet water, wc fent our boat to found, in order to find a channel ; and after being difappoimcd more than once, we at length weighed for the laft time, and left the coaft. On Tuefday the 8th, by obfervation we found our- felves in latitude 51 deg. co min. We now brought to for the Tamar, who liad come through the north channel, and was fome leagues aftern of ui. This day we had ftrong gales from the weftward : and in the forenoon a moft violent fquall of wind which fprung our main-maft, but etfeCtual methods were taken im- mediately by our carpenter to fecurc it. On the 9th, we were in latitude 52 deg. 8 min. S. and in 68 dc^^ ^i min. W. longitude, at which time Cape Virgii; Mary bore S. 83 deg. W. diftant 37 leagues. On the 10th, our courfe was N. t8 W. for 13 leagues ; and our latitude 51 deg. 31 i^in. S. longitude 68 deg. 44 nun. CoMMODORB BYRON's voyage — for making Difcoveries in the Southj:Rn OceAn, &c. 227 44min. W. On the nth, our courfc was N. 87 E. for 7j leagues. Cape Virgin Mary bore S. 73 deg. 8min. W. and Cape F4irweather W. 2 deg. S. Thu day we had ftronc gales at S. W. accompanied with a great fc». In tne evening we cfpicd land, but our confort being fome leagues aftern, we wore Ihip, and made an ca(y fail off. On the 1 2th, at day br«ak, we ll6od In again, and at four o'clock recovered fight of the land a-head, which was taken for Dc Wcrts lilands, and at the fame time we faw other land to the fouth, which appeared to be a confiderabic number of iflands near cacn other, fome of them feeming very low, and almoft even with the furfacf '»f the water, and which we judged to be what are called in the charts New Iflands. Intending to ftand in between thefc, we found the land which appeared to be unconncded, was joined by fome low ground, and formed a deep bay. When hauling out of this we difcovered a long low reef of rocks, ftrctching out for more than a league to the northward of us, and another between that, and what we had taken for the northermoft of Dc Wcrts Idands. This land confifts chiefly of mountainous and barren rocks, except the low part, which is not fecn till you approach near it, and the whole has very much the ap- pearance of Stalen Land. Birds and fcals abound here, and wi: faw large whales fpouting roun 1 the (hip. When we were near enough to diiccrn the low land, «« found ourfelvcsWholly embayed, and had it blown hard at S. W. fo high a fea mult have rolled in, as would have made it impofllble to keep clear of the fliore ; wc mention thcfe particulars, that all ihips may hereafter avoid falling into this bay. At noon wc obferved in latitude 51 deg. 27 min. S. and in 6j dcg. 54. min. W. longitude. On Sunday the 13th of January, at day-break, we flood in for the north part of the ilLind by the coaft of which we had been embayed. Being about a league to the caftward, it fell calm, and poured down torrents of rain, after which a moll uncommon fwell came from the weftward, and ran fo high, and with fuch velocity, that we cxpc"ialsj for upon a (light furvey of the hills, we found a kind of iron ore, and have fome reafon to believe, that if an cxaclfcrutiny was made, other ores might be found of greater value. On our firft going on fliore, the water fide was entirely covered on every fide with dilfercnt kinds of birds, of very beautiful colours, and fo tame, that in lefs than half an hour we knocked down as many as we could conveniently carry away in our boats ; particularly while and painted gcefc, a great number of penguins, cape hens, and other fowls. Thofe which we called painted gcefc, were nearly of the fize of ours, only of a different colour, having a ring of green feathers on the body, and fpots on different parts, w ith yellow legs. A llrangcr would fcarccly forbear fmiling at this time upon feeing our ihip. for never was any fliop in Leadcn- hall-market fo plentifully fupplied with poultry, and the men in every part were bufily employed in picking them. As by experience we found they had a ftrong talle from their feeding upon fea-wccds, fmall fifh, and particularly limpits, of which there are great plenty as la'.ge as oyflcrs, we found out a new method of drclTing them, which rendered even thefe fowls extremely palata- ble ; fo that we had as much provifions, and of the niceft forts, as we could delire. The method we purfucd, w as by cutting them into pieces over "it;ht, and letting them lie in falt-water till the ncr: day, and after being thus purged by lying infoak, we made them, with a fufficieht quantity of flour, intd pies. Befides thefe fowls, we met with a prodigious quantity of ducks, fnipes, teal, plover, fmall binip, and frefli-watcr geefe, which laft, living entirely by the frefti ponds, have a moft delicious tafte, and are not inferior to thofe we arc accullomed to eat in England. They are entirely white except their legs. We frequently fent two of our men in fearch of them, who were fure to b'^ing home half a dozen, or more, which they found a fume lent load, being not a little en- cumbered 3?.8 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. cumbered by the height of the grafs. We found alfo a great number of feuls, fome of them very large, and fevcrttl men were employed on fhore, at a place we tailed BlubbcT's Bay, from the number of tWofe animals we killed, for their oil : for when boiled they yielded a futficicnt quality of it for the (hips companies to burn in lamp.i, •'. H.lc the men preferved their dcins for waift- coats, and other ufcb. We were not furprifed at meet- ing with fuch a great number of feals, when we after- waids found that they had fometimcs 1 8 or more, at a litter. Sea-lions of a prodigious lize are alfo fpund on the coafV. The Commodore was once unexpedtedly attacked by one of thefc, and extricated himfclf from the impending danger with great difficulty. We had many battles with this amphibious animal, the killing one of which was frequently an hour's work for fix men : one of them almoft tore to pieces the Commodore's manriff dog bya finglebite. "The maftcr having been fent to found the coalt, four very fierce animals ran after the boat's crew till they were up to the middle in water, and having no fire-arms, they were obliged to put ort" from the (horc. The next day the Commodore and his party faw a fca-lion of an enormous fize, and the crew being well armed inilantly engaged him. White they were thus employed, one of the other ani- mals polled towards them ; but a ball being inftantly lodged in his body, he was foon difpatched. Five of thefe creatures were killed in their attempts to feize the men, whom they always purfued the moment they got (iglit of tiiem. Thiy were of a mixed fliape, between a wolf and a fox, niort like the latter, but of the lize of the former. They birrovv in the ground like a fox, feed on feals and penguins, and are very numerous on the Loaft. The faiiors, in order to be rid of fuch dif- agrceable intruders, let fire to the grafs, which burnt fo rapidly, that the country was all m a blaze for a few da\ s, and thefeanimals w ere feen running to fcek flielter from the fuiy of the flames. On the north-fide of this harbour is the principal ifland, to which we frequently vent on fliore.on account of itsiituation, and the fine piofnct't it atlbrded from a prodigious high hill, which cannot be afcendcd without difficulty; but on gaining the fummit, the great fatigue of afcending it, is fully rci onipenced, by the delightftil view it commands of the iV.ips at anchor, with every part of the harbour ; of the- three pallagcs into Fort I'.gmont, the fea which lurrounds you on every lide ; ami all theadjacent iflands, which are upwards of fifty, linall and great, all of which appeared covered with verdure. While wc lay in this harbour the crew brcakfalled on fX)rtable-foup and wild celery, thickned v*.ch oatmeal, which made a very nutritive mefs. On Wednefday the 2.3d. the Commodore, with the Captains of the Dolphin and Tamar, and the principal ufhrcis went on fliore, where the Union Jack being ended on a high fialf, and fpread, the Commodore took ponilTion of this harbour, and all the neighbouring illands, tor his Majefty king (Jcorgethe third, his heirs and fiieecfFors. by the name of Falkland's Iflands. The icilours were no fooner fpread, than a falutc was fired from the fliip. Our fcanicn were very merry on the oecafion, a large bowl of arrack punch being carried onlhore, out of which they drank, among many other toads, Succefs to the difcovcry of fb fine a harbour. It was the opinion (jf the honourable Commodore Byron, that iheit iflands, are the fame land to which Cowley ga\ e the name ol IVp> ,s Ifiand, and as the Commodore iccins not to entrrtain a doubt in his own mind, wc Ihall lay bciorc ..ur readers, the reafons he has been pl.-alcd to give the public in fiipport of his opi- nion. ' •■ In the printed account of Cowley's voyage" fob- feivcs Comiiio,ir)rc Byron) he fays. " Wc held our eourlc S. W. till we came into the latitude of 47 dee wh( re we faw laud, the fame being an ifland, not before known, lying to the wellwardofus: it was not inhabited and I ga' c it the name of Fepya's Ifland. We found It a ve;y. commodious place tor fhips to water at and take 111 wood, aiul it has a ver\ good harbour where a fhorfand fail of Ihips may falely ride. Here is great plenty of fowls, and, we judge, abundance of fidi, [,, reafon of the grounds being nothing but rocks and fands." To this account there is annexed a reprcfcn- tation of Pepys's Illand, in which names arc given to feveral points and head lands, and the harbour is called Admiralty Bay ; yet it appears that Cowley had only 1 difiant view of it, lor he immediately adds, " the wind iK'ing fo extraordinary high that we could not get into it to water, wc flood to the fouthward, fliaping oiir courfe S.S. W. till wctamc into the latitude of 53 dcg. " and though he fays, that " it was commodious to take inwood," and it is known that there is no wood onlalk. land's Iflands, Pepys's Ifland and Falkland's IllanJ may, notwithllanding. be the fame; for upon Falkland's Iflands there are immenfe quantities of Hags with narrow leaves, reeds, and rufiies, which grow in clufiers, fo as to form bufhes about three teet high, and then tlioot about fix or feven feet higher : thcfe at a diflance have greatly the appearance of wood, and were taken for wood by the French who landed there in the year 1 764, as appears by Pernctty's account of their voyage. It has been fuggelled, that the latitude of Pepys's Ifland might, in the manufcript from which the account ot Cowley's voyage was printed, be exprelTed in figures, which if ill made, might equally rcfcmble 47 and 51 ; and therefore as there is no ifland in thcfe feas in lati- tude 47, and as Falkland's Iflands lie nearly in 51, that 51 might reafonably be concluded to be th. number fcir which the figures were intended to fland : recourlo therefore was had to the Britifh Mufeum, and a nianii- fcript journal of Cowley's was there found. In this manufcript no mention is made of an ifland not before known, to which he gave the name of Pepys's ll!and, but land is mentioned in latitude 47 deg. 40 min. ex- preffed in words at length, which exactly anfwers to the defcription of what is called Pepys's Ifland in the printed account, and which here, he fays, he fuppofcd to be the Iflands of Sebald de Wert. 1 his part of the manufcript is in the following words: " January 168 j. This month wee were in the latitude of 47 deg. and 40 min. where wccefpicd an ifland bearing weft from uj, wee having the wind at N. E. wee bore away for it, it being too late for us to goc on fhoare, wee lay by all night. The ifland fecmcd very plcafant to the eye, with many woods, I may as well fay, the whole land was woods. There being a rock lying above water to the caftward of it, w here were an innumerable company of fowks, being of the bignelfcof a fmall goofe, which fimles would flrike at our men as they were aloft : fomc of them wee killed and cat : they feemed to us very {ijtxKi, only tatted fomcwhat fifhly. 1 failed along that iiland to the fouthward, and aboat the S. W. fide of the iiland there fecincd to me to bca good place for fhipps to ride; I ould have had the boat out to have gone into the ha.bour, but the wind blew frcfti, and they would not agree to go with it. Sailing a little further, keeping the lead, and having 26 and 37 fathoms water, until wee came to a place, whercwecfawthe weeds ride,having the lead againe found but feavcn fathoms water. Icar- ing danger went about the ftiipp there, were then feaic- full to flay by the land any longer, it being ail roiky ground, but the harbour fecmcd to be a good place lor fhipps to ride there j in the ifland fecming likewifc to have water enough; there fcenicd to me to be harbour for 500 failc of fhipps. The going in but narrow, and the north -fide of the entrance Ihallow water that I could fee, but I verily believe that there is water enough tor for any fhipp to goc in on the fouth-fidc, for there can- not be fo great a lack of water, but muft needs fcowrc a channell away at the ebbe deepe enough for (hipping to goc in. I would have had them fiootl upon a wind all night, but they told mc they were not come out to go upon difcovcry. Wee faw likewifc another ifland by this that night, which nnadc mc think thcni the Sibble D'wards. The fame night wc ftcercd our courfe againe W, S. W. which was but our S, W. the compafle having two and twenty degrees variation eaftcr- ly. keeping that courfe till wc came in the latitude of three and fifty degrees." In both the printed and manufcript account, tUis land h faid to lie in latitude forty-fcvcn, to be * iituatci Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE — for making Difcovcries in the Southern Ocean, 6cc. 229 fituated to the weft ward of the fliip when fir(t difco- vered, to appear woody, to have an ^arbour where a creat number of ftilps might ride in fafety, and to be frequented by innumerable birds. It appears alfo by both accounts, that the weather prevented his going on (hore, and that he fteered from it wcll-fouth-weft, till he came into latitude fifty -three: there can there- fore be little doubt but that Cowley gave the name of Pepys's ifiand after he came home, to what he really fuppofed to be the ifiand of Sebald de Wert, for which it IS not difficult to aflign feveral reafons; and th.ugh the fuppofition of a miftakc of the figures docs not appear to be well grounded, yet, there being no land in forty-fevcn, the evidence that what Cowley faw was Falkland's iflands, is very (Irong. The defcription of the country agrees in almoft every particular, and even the map is of the fame general tigiae, with a ilrait running up the middle. The two principal illands have been probably called Falkland's iflands by Strong, about the year 1689, as he is known to have given the name of Falkland's found to part of the Ilrait which divides them. The journal of this navigator is ftill uiiprinted in the Britiih Mufeum. The firll who faw thcfc iflands is fuppofed to be Captain D.ivies, the af- fociate of CavendiHi in 1692. In 1594, Sir Richard Hawkins faw land, fuppofed to be the fame, and in ho- nour of his miftrefs. Queen Elizabeth, called jhvm Hawkins's Maiden Land. Long afterwards they were fcen by fbme French ihipsfiom St. Maloes, and Fre- zicr, probably for that reafon, called them the Ma- loui'ns, a name which has been lince adopted by the Spaniards." So-much for the difpute concerning the dilcovery of thefe celebrated iflands, which the Spa- niards now enjoy unmolcftcd, while to England only remains the empty honour of having difcovered, ex- plored, and given them a name. We had now completed our watering, furvcyed the harbour of Port Egmont, and provided every ncceflary tor our departure. This evenmg the fmith came on board, he having been empIo)ed on lliore, in making and repairing iron work for the ufc of the lliip. Wc conti'-vjed in the harbour till Sunday the 27th, when, at eight o'clock, A. M. we left Port Egmonr, and failed with the wind at fouth-fouth-wcfl. Hut we were fcarcely out at fea, when it began to blow hard, and the weather became fo extremely hazy, that wc could not fee the rocky iflands. Wcnow molt heartily wiflied to be late anchored in fc^mont harlnnir; but, contrary to our expectations, in a inorttimc the weather cleared up, though it blew a hard gale all the day. At ten o'clock, after having run along the Ihorceall, about Kve leagues, wc law a remarkable head-land, which was named Cape Tamar. I'ivc leagues farther we pafTcd a rock, and called it Ediftone. Wc now failed between this and another head-land, to which was given the name of Cape Dolphin, in the direut while wc were bringing to and waiting for her, it grew dark, and wc loft light of her, till the next morning, when wc faw her at three leagues diftance, and found fhe ftill followed us, while wcfailed "towards Point Famine. She even came to an anchor when we did. We were now cmployni in getting up our guns, having only four upon deck, which had been ufed for lignals, the reft having for a confidcrab.e time before lain in the hold. Wc foon however got fourteen upon deck, and then came to an anchor, hav- ing the Tamar a-ftern, with a fpring on our cable; and that we might give her as warm a reception as pofliblc, we removed all ourguns to one fidc.pointing to the place w here the vcflcl mull pafs. While wc were thus bufily employed in taking all the meafurcs prudence could fuggeftto defend us from an imaginary danger, an ac- cident that happened to the ftore-lhip (hewed that we had nothing to fear, and that the veflel againd which we were arming ourfelves, ought not to be confidered as an enemy ; for while the Florida was working to the windward, Hie took the Ihorc, on a bank about two leagues from our ihip. About the fame time the ftrange veflel came up with her, and feeing herdiftrefs cart anchor ; and immediately began to hoift out her boats to give her afliftancc; but before they had reached the ftorc-(hip,our boats had boarded her, and the com- nwnding officer had received orders not tolet them come on board ; but to thank chem in the politcft manner for their intended afliftancc. Thcfe orders were pundu- blly obeyed, and with the aid of our boats only, the ftore-fliip was foon after got into deep water. Our people reported, that the French veflel was full of lOcn, and fcemo^ to have a great nnany officers. At lix o'clock in the evcnining, wc worked through the fecond narrow; and at ten pafTed the weft end of it. Wc anchored at eleven oft" Flizabeth Illand, and thij F'rench Ihip liid the fame, in a bad lituation, foutluvarj of St. Bartholomew's Illand, whereby wc were con- vinced Ihc was nor well acquainted with the thuu nel. OnTuefday the 19th wc weighed, and at fix o'clock A. M. wcftcered between Elizabeth and Uartholumc^y Illands, S. S. W. live miles, when we crolFcd a bank where among the weeds wc had fe veil fathoms water. This bank is lituated W". S. W, about five miles lioiu the middle of George's Illand. 'I'o avoid danger, it is neccllhry to keep near Fli/.ibeth's Ifiand, till the weftern-fiiore is but a Ihort diftaiue, and then a foiitheiii courfe may be ("ailed with great lafety, till the reel, which lies about four mile^ to the northward ol St. .'Vnne's Point, is in light. 1 he l"renchnian llill followul us. and we thought Ihc came from lalklaiid's Illands, where is a l-'rench fettlemcnt, to take in wood, or mat (he was on a furvey of the Strait of Magellan, in which wc were now failing. On the iotli, we hoilled out mir boats, and towed round St. Anne's Point iiuu I'o.; I'amiiie. Here we anchored, it lix in the eveninj;, anj foon alter the French lliip p.illed by us to t'ue loiuh. ward. During our flay in this port, we were pniici|)ally einploved, in receiving inovilions from liie lloie ihip, and ill tonipleatingour wuodand w.iier. On the; ah, lindiiif^th.ii both the Ihipi had received :is ninth lloiti and prtn iiio/H as they could poUibly flow, the Com- 1110 tore lent home all the draughts of the pl.icc.-. he had ( auled to be taken, by the llore-lhip, with exprtli oiilers. that if they were in any danger of being hoaiJ. ci) and examined by any foreign lhi[)s, thcii lirii c.ire Ihould be to throw tlic pians and p;icquets into the lea. On t.ikiiig leave of the Florida, our boatlwain, aiul all that were lick on board the Dolphin and Taniai, ob- tained leave to return in her to England; the l.om- iiiodorc in the mean time, declaring openly to the eic'.» in general, that if any of them ueie aveil'e to proeecJ- ing on the voyage, they had free liberty to reiuni ; an oiler w hich only one of our men acrepted. W'e now with the Tamar <"ailed from Port Famine, iiueiniinj^ to piilh th.ough the ftrait lx;tbrc the lealun llioiiU be too lar advaiKccl. \t noon wc were three hvijues ilif- tant from St. Anne's I'oint, which bore N. W. iliue or four miles from Poi:u Shutup, which borcS. S. W. i' lint Shutup bears from St. Anne's Point, S. half I*', and tluv are about (our or fi\x leagues afunder. IJetween thcle two points there is a iiat-(hoal, which runs from Toit Faiiiine before the river Scdger, and three miles to the fouthward. At three o'cUx-k, P. M. we pallai thit French fliip, which now anchoreil in a fiiiall ro\e. She had hauled clofc to the 'hore, and we coukl Ice large piles o4" wood cut down, and King on each lide o( her. Upon our return to FJigland, wc Icarnr tnii (hip was the Fjgle, commanded by M. Iioug.\;;nilk', and that her bulineCs in the ftrait was, as the (in;;- modore had conjectured, to cut wootl (or the lic;Hh fettlem'ent in Falkland's Iflands. From Cape Shutup to Cape Forward, the courfe is S. W. by S. diHaivc feven leagues. At eight in the evening we brought lo. Cape Forward bearing N. W. half W. diftant about a mile. This jiart o( the ftrait is eight nwles over, and oft" the cape we had 40 fathoms within half a tabics length ol the (here. On the 26th, at (bur o'clock, A. M. we made fail, and at ten we kept working to w indvvard, looking out .it the (ame time for an anchoring- place, and endeavouring to reach a bay about two leagues to the wcftwan! of Cape Forward. An olBcer was fent into this bay to found, who finding it fit (or our purpofe we entered it, and at fix o'clock, P. M. anchored in nine fathoms water. On the 27th, at fix o'clock, A. M. wc ( on- linued our courfe through the ftrait, from Cape Hol- land to C ape Gallant. This cape is very high and ftccp, and between it and the former cape is a reach, three leagues over, called Englifti Reach. F"ive miles fouth of Cape Gallant is Charles's Iftand, of which it is neccflary to keep to the northward . We Peered along the J>ldnlJ)iMMnfirj0M>at^iiHirfiint'''^rmr, y 'ifjhirrmvlri /^,w. i /''■'/•>• ■•^//' the no callnl 'Ihc n filiate apt p( Ikep, witli (n niu all J)afs. 5:>y. •A Ion '$> Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE— for making nircovcrics in the Soi;TnrRN Ock an, £cc. s ^ i the north Ihorc, at the diltancc of about two miles. I'laftwaril of Cape Holland in a fpacioiis fandy bay, failed Wooti's Bay, in which there is go«l anchorage. 'Ihc mountains on each fide the flrait arc more de- folatc in appearance than any others in the world, ex- cipt perhaps the Cordeliers, both being nulc, craggy, Ikep, and covered from the bottom to their fummiis witli fiiow. From Cape Gallant to Paflhgc Point, dif- mM about three leagues, the coall lies W. by N. by com- iiafs. Tallage Point is the eaft point ot Elizabeth's ]};iy, and is low land, oft' of which lies a rock. lie- twctnthis and Cape Gallant are fevcrni illands, fonic very fmallj but the caftcrmoil, Charles's Illand, is lix miles long; the next is called Monmouth's .'(land, and the wcllcrnioll, Ruperts Ifland : this lies S. by [•'.. ot Point PalFage. Thefc group of illands make the Itrait narrow: between Port Pailiige and Rupert's IfUnd, it is not more than two miles over, and it is advifeabic fur navigators to go tothe northward of them all, keep- ing the north-ftiore on board. On Wedncfday the 27th, at fix o'clock, P. M. we ftood in Ihr Elizabeth's Bay, and anchored in ten fa- thoms, g ' |„ fail directly to India, had proviiled no thick .,i'|w. And that no partiality might be Ihewn to thofe mi board his own Ihip, he ordered a fulhcient (luaiuity for the ufe ofCapt. Mouat's company in the Tamar. On Tucfday the 1 ith, while we were employed in fearching alter wimkI ami water, the 'lamai's boat m,s fent to the wellward, with an ollicer from both lliips, to l(K)k ti)r harbours on the foiithern lliore. On ihc 14th, the boat returned with the agreeable news, that they had louml feveral bays, particularly live between the lliip's llaiion and Cape Upright, where we inijjlu anchor in fafety. When the Commoilore heard tim, inordur to encourage his men in the dili liarge of tluir liiity, he ordered a double allowaiueof brandy to In- given to every one on lioard, whiih, with their «.irm fear-nought jackets, providcil by governiiK-nr, juomI Ixnh comtiirtable and faliiiary. I()r fome hills, uhid, when wecame litlt to this place, had no fnow iinon them, were now covered, and t!ie winter of this dreary and inhol'pitable region fcemcil to have let in at once, Thofe inthe boat, during their abfence, were beiii^lind, and obliged by dilfrefs of weather to lami, aiul take Ihelter under a tent which they had taken with ihcin. They faw a number ot liulians employed on the Ihore, incutting up a de.ul whale, whii h fcented the p!a, e lor fome diliance around, it being in a llate of putrcla.tiun. This they fuppofed was defigned lor food, leeiii)', tluv cut it in large lliccs, and carried them away on tluir (houlders to another party at a dirtance, who fecmdl employed round a lire . however it is ei|ually piohalu-. that like the (ireenlamlcrs, they might he making oil lor their lamps againll the approaching fcvcrity of winter. One of the otlicers told us, that near L'a^c Upright fome Indians had given him a dog, and tlut one ot the women had olVered him a child which \\m fucking at her breall, but what purjiofc he coukl not fay. I low much for ■ their appearance, and manner ot life, thefe feci 'orlorn rational beings nuy be degraded in the eyes ot Europeans, we ought not from this trifling incident, to attribute to them fueh a (Grange depravity of nature as makes them dellitiite of atfciJtion for their offspring; or even to think that it can be furmounted by the necelTlties or wants attending the moll deplorable lituation ; a notoriety of tacts and univerfal hillory are againll even a fupjwlition ol iliis kind. On the 15th, at eight o'clock, A. M. we niKle fail, and in the aiternoon we anchored on the eall-liite of Cape Monday, in Wafli Pot Hay. The pitch of the cape bore \. W. dilhmt half a mile, and the extreme points of the bay from E. to N. by W. The neiull (liore was a low ifland between us and the rape, Irom which illand we lay abeut half a cable's length. Wc had at this place frequent fliowcrs of rain and hail, with the air all the time exceffive lliarp. On Saturday the 1 6th, at fix o'clock, .A. M. we un- moored, and at eight a llrong current fet us to the call- ward. In this perplexing lituation were we dri'en about from place to place, loling perhaps in a few hours, what we had been lix days and nights workina; to the welhvard ; tor when the wind continues with violence there is no regular tide; but on the contrary, 1 conftant wellcrly current running two miles an hour. Perceiving wc loft ground, we came to an anchor, but finding the gro.ind to be rocky we weighed again ; and every man on board !.he rert of the day, and the whole night, continued on deck, during which time the ram poured down in unremitting torrents. Notwithftinii- ing this incelliint labour, on the 17th, we had the niur- tifkation to lind we had been loling way on every tack, and at nine o'clock, A. M. we were glad to an- chor in the very bay we had left two days before. It continued to rain, and blow violently for two days longer, fo that wc began to think, without a favourable wind, Commodore BYRON'* VOYACJE — for inakiiif^ Uikovcrics in the Sou i irnry, a ^ an hour, hor, hut ;,rin ; and he wliok- wind, it would be our ill fortune tnr()cn>i the winter , mc let fail, the wind veering from S. W. by W. to N. N. W. we worked to windward with continual fijuallt, which at interval* obliged un to clue nil our laiiii, In the mean while the Tamar, whom till thii time wc had never loll light of, by a favouiaMe brec/e, ^^ot a liw leapuci to the weOwurd, where flic lay two days in C(K)il anchorage. HarraUcd as wc were by continual (liUppointmcnt), to add Dill more to our vexation ami coni.trn, we found our men were attacked by the (i ur- vcy, which had made its appearance on many of theiiii however, by the nllillancc of vc^^jctables, and the extraordinary care of the Commodore, who caufcd portable loup to be lerved to the lick, and twice a week to the whole (hip's company, on l-ridays with peafc, and on iVlonda)s with oatmeal; and who with the grcatcH humanity never (pared to dillribute fiom his own talilc, whatever might be of ufe (or the recovery of thole attacked by this dreadlul diforder, it was j)ie- ventcd from raginj; with any great inveteracy. On the aid, to our great joy we made way, the current fetting 10 the wcllward. At lix in the evening, we anchored in a comiiiotlious bay on the ealt-lide ol Cape Monday, where the Tamar lay in i« fathom*. Wc found this place very fafc, the ground being excellent. It is re- markable, that notwithrtanding the late feverity of the weather, added to their incell'ant labour, the crew of both fliips, in general, retained both health and fpirits. On &iturday the a^d, at eight o'clock, A. M. we again fct fail, and in a few hours opened the South Sea, which rolKd in with a prodijrious fwell. At (bur in the at'teinoon, wc anchored about a league to the eail- ward ol Cape Upright, in a grviii);lir to, keeping the L?i)l|)hin's 1 lead to tiie .S. W. but ilieri: being a prodigiou-s (ea, it broke over us (b oltcti, thiir the whole deik was almoU under water. Alter bcniling a new miren-top-fail, and repairing ai uell .IS wciudid the damages our (hip had fullered, on ihe 2;th. about five in the morning, to our inexpreflible joy, the day began to dawn upon us ( but the weather was (b ha/y, that no land could be fecn, though wc knew it could not be far diflant, and it inight be clofe under our lee. Wc therclbre made a (Ignal for the Tamar to come under our (lern, which having done, we bore away, and, at fevcn, both fliips came to ai an- chor in Cape Monday Bay, about one mile to the eallwaid, with the fmall bower, in 2t fathoms water, and veered out to a w hole cable. We had twice in this perplexing traverfe been within four lea»ics of Tucdiay's lia;^, at the weflern entrance of the itrcight,' and haii twite been driven back 10 or 12 leagues by the fury ot op|)o(ing dorms. When the fcafon h to far advanced as it was when wc attempted the paflagc through this (trait, it is a nioll dilHcultand dangerous uiiilertakiiig, as it blows « h.irricanc inceirantly niglit and day, and the rain is as violent and conflant as the wind, with I'ucli fugs as olccn render it inipolIib!e to difcovtr any object .ir the dillance of twice the (hip's length. Our Commodore, alter attending to the ne- te(raiv rcfrcdiinents of his officers and men, who had eiuliiied the gre.itell liuifjues, thought proper to name the high-land, which we had lb iniraciiloudy efcnpcd. Cape i'loviilence. It rilis to a very great height, and pro)i\U to the Ibuthward being (ituated about four or live lea^i;ues Irom Cape Monday, but upon the oppolitc (hore. On the 2 3th, finding our cables much damaged by the rock.s, we condemned our btft bower, and cut it into junk. We alii) Inrnta new one, which wc rounded with iild rij^^ing eight fathoms from the water. In the mean time the I'amar had p.irted Irom her anchor, and wa.s diovc over 10 the eall-lide of the bay. She was l)rou;;lit up at a fmall dillance from Ibme rocks, a"ain(l w liich (he might otheiw il'e have been dafhed to piixe--. On the 29th, at feveno'clock, A. M. vc weighed and let fiil, but, ai intervals, were attended with nard Uiuall.s from the wellward, with heavy rains. While v\e were working to windward, the Tamar, fleering by the fouth coalt, ran a-ground, and made the (ignal of diflrefs, by (iring a gun, and hoifting her tnfign in the mi/en-lhrouds ; on which we flood again into the bay, Iviie down to her alFiltancc, and hoilTed out our boats. We fent anchor hawfers, with which they foon hove her olf, and (he came to anchor near us in Monday Bay. On Saturday the joth,thc winds were fo violent .-.s per- feClly to tear up the lea, and carry it higher than the top-inafls. The florm came from W. N. W. and was more furious than any preceding one. A dreadful fca rolled over us, and dallied ag;iinft the rocks with a noifc like thunder. Happily, wc d'\, flood by the anchor all the rclt of the day. Un the 31^, about one o'clock, A. M. the weather, tjjffugh fome- what moderat?, continued till midnight to be dark, rainy, and tempefluous, when foon after Uic wintl changed to the S. W. On Monday the ifl of April, wc had foft an4 ma- derate gales ; yet ttill the wiathcr continued thic^ attended with heavy rain. At eight o'clock, A. IvJ. wc weighed our bcU bowcr, and found the caWe much J N wo»indcd '*' 234 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. wounded in fcvcral places, which ^c ihought a great miifortune, ii being a fine new cable that nad never betn wet bctbrc. On the jd, an officer was fcnt from each Ihip in the 'lamar's boat, in quell of anchoring places on the fouth Ihore i and at the fame time an officer «as fent in our Commodore's cutter, to explore the north Ihorc. On the 4th, the C'i'""r returned, with an account of having found a pre, . anchoring place to the weft of the north ihorc. " The ccnmianding officer had met with a party of Indians, whofc canoe was of a conrtrudion not obfcrved bi tore, being com- pofcd of planks fewed together, Thefe Indians had no other covering than apiece of feal-fkin thrown over their ihoulders. Their food, of the moft indelicate kind, was eaten raw. One of them tore a piece of llinking whale's blubber with his teeth, and then gave it his companions, who followed his example. One of thefe Indians, obferviiig a failor allcep, cut oft' the hinder part of his jacket with a fharp Hint. About eight o'clock, A. M. we got under fail, and at fix in the evening anchored in the bay, on the fouthcrn lliorc, which had been dilcovcred, propoling to take in wood and water. While we lay here, fcvcral of the natives made a fire oppolite to the (liip j on which we mvitcd them to come on board, by all the ligns we could de- vife ; but as they would not comply, the Commodore went on Ihore in the jolly-boat, and mad.r them prc- fentsoffcveral trifles, whiL-h much pica cd them. He likewifc dillributcd Ionic bifcuits among them, and was lurprized to remark, that if one fell to the ground, not a fmgle individual would otltr to take it up without his periuillion. In the mean time fonie of thefailors being employed in c itcing gr.ifs for the lew remaining lliecpwe had onboard, the Indians inllantly ran to their allillancc, and, tearing up the grafs in large quantities, foon filled the boat. We were much delighted with this token ol their gooil will, and we faw they werepleafed with the picafure the Commodore had f-xprvfrtd on the occalion. When he returned to the fliip, they followed him in their canoe, till they came near the Dolphin, at which they ga^ed w iih the moft profound altonilhment. l-bur of them were at length prevailed on to venture on board ; ,:n(\ the Commodore, with a view to tlair di- verllon, defired one of our midlhipmen to play on the violin, while fome of the feamcn danced. 1 he poor Iiuli.ms were extravagantly delighted ; and one of them, to tcftify his gratitude, took to his canoe, and feu hing fome red paint, rubbed it all over the face of the inulkian; nor could the Commodore, but with the utmoft difficulty, efcape the like compliment. When they had been diverted fome hours, it was himcd to them, that they Ihould go on ftiore, which they at length did, though with the utmoft reluctance. On Sunday the 7th, at fix o'clock, .'\. M. we weighed, and got under fail, with the wind at K. S. li. At this fortunate change of weather joy appeared in every conn- tcnance, and never were people in higher fpirits. l-'or fix weeks we had been beating to windward, having been feveral times driven back, and narrowly efcapi i the greateft dangers: but we now flattered ourfelves, that we fluiuld fliortly arrive in the Pacific Ocean, the ultimate end of our wilhes ; but at eleven o'clock the w ind ceafed, and the current drove us two leagues. Cape L'pnght hearings. E. five leagues, on which' ame To with the ftream anchor, in 1 10 fathoms water. At totir o'clock, P. M. the boat belonging to the Tamar, which had, as we mentioned, been fent out fome time beiore, returned from the weftward, having been to the linithward of Cape Deliada, on the fouth Ihore, and found many convenient places for anchorage ; but the people in the boar were much fatigued by their long Knd laborious rowing. On the 8th, at two o'clock, A. M. we fet fail, w ith the wind at W. by N. and at eleven, came to an anchor m a very good bay, between Cope Upright, and Cape Pillar. In this bay we found plenfy of excellent filh not much unlike our trout, only of a more red call. We here met with good anchorage, entirely fecure fi-om any winds from the N. N. W. to the S. E. and here you may fail with equal fafety and pleafure, having from 14 to 20 fathoms muddy ground. About four in the afternoon, the wind came to the S. E. which gave us high fatisfailion. We inftantly weighed and failed from the bay, in order to proceed to the w ciK ward. On ftanding out we faw the Tamar at anchoi' in Tuefday Bay, which lies on the fouth ihdre ; but the wind fuddenly veering round from the S. S. E. to the S. W, in a very heavy fquall, attended with rain, obliged us to carry fail to got to an anchor in that bayj and the night approaching faft, the Tamar kept burning falfe lircs, to dircA us into it: but in order to enter we were obliged to make feveral tacks under clofe reefed top-fails, in very great diforder, having rocks on cjch lide : however we at lalt came to an anchor, with the finall bowcr.in 1 i fathoms ; but the wind blew fo iln it was fome time before we could get our fails handeil.^' i'uefday Bay is by Ur the hneft we faw in thefe ftraits. It is capable of containing a number of lirge lliip.s, which may ride in the greatell fecurity, with good ground, at not more than 25 fathoms water, fre: jiom rocks and fands. Into this bay Sir John Narboroi.<'h recommends all iliips to anchor, that are bound 10 ihs wellward. Indeed we found no difficulty in being lup- plicd with good wood and water, and with excellent tilh in large quantities, .\long the lides of the roikj are beautilul cafcades of water, with which the calb may be filled with the greatell convenience. On the yth, at fix o'clock, A. M. we weighed, leaving thi^ line bay, and lailing to the W. N. W. We p;iH"iJ Cajie Pillar on the fouth Ihore, with a line gah liom the S. E. where the llraits arc about nine league:; ovir. At ten, having now no occalion to be continually Ibundiiip, tor fear of Ihoals and funken rocks, we got our long boat, yawl, and fix oared cutter under the half deck, with the 1 2 oared cutter under the booms; and fecund the hatches, bulk heads of the quarter deck, and lore- calUc. At four in the afternoon we reached the ex- tremity ofthertrait., where the diHance from Cnpe V lelory on the north-lhore, to Cape IXfiada on the fyuih ll.orc, is 1 2 leagues, bearing from each other about N. and S. The whole length of the Straits ol .Ma- gellan, in which we had been detained, chiefly by con- ir.uy winds,fromthe 17th ofFebruary to tht; 9th of April, is l;oin Cape Virgin Mary to Cape Deliada, with every I ich and turning, no more than about 116 icajnitj. \\ e were now to leave the cold climate, and tl;e teir.- pelluotis fcas of this fouthcrn latitude, jiill alter iIk tune of the autumnal equinox, with the dreadful hi.i- ricanes that mull unavoidably attend the approach ol winter, ami to lleer joyfully to the northward, warniel with the hopes of meeting with calmer leas, and milder cliniates. But notwithltanding the dilhcultics and fullerings we experienced in palling the ftraits of Ma- gellan, when the w eather we met with w as beyond all defcription dreadful, yet the Commodore prefers this paflage to going roundCapc Horn, which hc'had twiee doubleil, and he recommends it to future navigators, to beat the eallern entrance of the llruii in the month ol December, at which time he thinks even a fleet of Iliips plight navigate it fafely in about three weeks, lie julllyobfer\eb, that the fiicility wirh which wood nnJ water arc to be obtained, the vail plenty of vegetables, and the abundance of filh, which may be almoll every where procured, are advantages highly in favour of this pallage. On our entering the Pacific Ocean, wc found a great fwell running from the S. W. On Friday the 20th, wc defcried the illand of Mafi Fuero to the weftward. The Commodore thought it more advifeablc to touch here, than at the illanJ ol Juan Fernandcs ; it being rather more fecure than the latter, from any difcoveries which the Spaniards might make of our defigns ; in confequence of which our voyage, and all farther difcoveries might have been prevented. Mafa Fucro lies in the latitude of jj dcg. 28 min. S.and in 84 dcg. 27 min. W. longituJc Iroin London. On the 27th, wc had a diftant view of the ifland, the land of which riles to a great height. Our cutter was fent afhorc to find a place to anchor in, but returned at four in the afternoon w.thout fuccefs, but \^ Commodore BYRONs VOYAGE — for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 235 but caught a great number of fi(h. They had no found- ings with 100 fathoms line. On the 28th, however, we came to an anchor on the ead-iidc of the ifland, in 24 fathoms water, at which time the extremities of the ifland appeared on the S. and N. W. The tops of the mountains are not always to be feen, they being in fomc parts covered with clouas, which hang hovering over them, and the air on their tops being fcldon. olear. At eleven in the morning we fent out our boat, with an officer, to find out a convenient place to wood and water in on (hi«re. The furface of this ifland is very irregular ; but the valleys have a bc&utiful verdure, and their fides are full of trees from the top to the bottom. At a great dif- tancc indeed thofe beauties are not vifible, but when within a mile or thereabouts, they form a mod delight- ful profpedt. The goats, which we law in great num- bers, were fofliy, that we found it difficult to get near them, cfpecially within the diftance of a mufquet ihot ; however, we nude a fliilt to kill fome, and wc thought them to be excellent food, particularly the kids. We obfcrved a remarkable circumftancc, with refpect to two o( them which wc (hot, they having had their cars flit when \oung. It is probable, that the men who were fent on board the Tryal Sloop by lord Anfon, to examine into the Hate of this illand, hid more ftnous cmpioyiiicnt than that of Hitting the ettrs of the goats ; and It ai)pcars much more probable, thit fome lolitar) Sdivirk haddwek here, who, like his namelake, at Juan Icrnandc-s when he caught more than he wanted, marked, and let them go. However, during our llay al this plaif, we faw no traces of any human being. Ro;md tlie fouth-fidc of ihe lliore we found a red earth, innircgnaud with large \eiiis of a gold colour. The iliorcs aic every where very rtcep, and near them you cannot find lefs than from 24 to 50 fathoms. Wc found it every where difficult to get on Ihorc, it being full of rocks and large ftones, with a very great furf. Round the ifland wc met with great oviantitics of filh, fuch as cavalics, bream, maids, and congers of a particular kind: with a lingular fort of filh called chimncy- f*ccpers, fome\\hat like our carp, only larger. There is another fpccics of valuable filh which we called cod. It \i not exactly like our cod in ihape, but the taftc is ei'ually agreeable. We likewifc found a great number oltray-lilh, v^hich were fo large as to weigh eight or ten pounds each. We faw a multitude of Iharks, one of which was near carrying off one of our niea. A, the great fwell would not permit the boat to approach the Ihore, ne was Iwimming a calk to it; but the failor wlio was always left to take care of the boat, faw the llmrk within a few yards of his companion, juft ready to feize upon him, and called to him ro haftcn alhore, which, through his great fright, he could harii'y reach. The boat-keeper having the boat-hook in his hand, ftruck at the Ihark with great fiorce, but without any vilible effect. The dog-Hlh wc met with here are very mifchievous, and dcllroy abundance of the finaller fort ot'lilh: they fret]uently obliged us ^o haul in our lines, lor when near, no other filh are to be found. Bclides thefc, the Ihorc is generally croudixl with feal • atui fca- lions. The dog-hlh doei not appear to have the leaft rcfcmblapce of a dog, or any other animri, and there- lure It is Jilficult to determine the derivation of its name. It has a roundith body, and inilead of fcales, is covered with that rough Ikin ufcd by joiners and cabinet-makers for poUfliinc wood, generally known b) the nameof filh-lkin. Its back is of a brownilh alh- uilour ; but its belly is commonly white, and fmoother than the rell of its body. The eyes arc covered with a double membrane, and the mouth armed with a double row of teeth. It has two fins on the back, w ith Iharp prickles Handing bclbre them. It brings forth its young alive, and is never very lai^c, feldon^ weigh- ing more than 20 pounds. The fea-lion has fome re- femblance to a feal, but is of a much larger lize, for thefe animals, when full grown, are from i a to 20 feet in length, and from 8 to 15 feet round. The head is fmall m proportion to the body, and terminates in a fnout. In each jaw they have a row of large pointed teeth, two thirds of which « ? in fockcts : but the others, without them, are moft folid, and ftarid out of the mouth. They have finall eyes and earsj with whilkers like a cat, and finall nollrils, which are the only part dellitutc of hair. The males are diftinguiflied by having a large fnout or tr nk, hanging five or fix inches below the end of the upper jaw, which the females have not. The Ikin of the fea-lion is covered wiih a flwrt light dun coloured hair, but his fins and tail, which when on (liorc, fervc him for feet, are almoit black j the fins or feet are divided at the ends like toes, but are joined by a web, that does not reach to their ex- tremiLics, and each toe is furnilhcd with a nail. They are fo extremely fat, that on cutting through the fltin, which is near an inch in thicknefs, there is at leaft a foot of fat before you come to cither lean or bones ; and yet they are fo full of blood, that if deeply wounded in 10 or 1 2 places, there infiantly guflics out as many fountains of blood, fpouting to a confiderablediftance. Their fielh refcmblcs in taftc that of beef; and their fat, on being melted, makes good oil. The males are of a much larger lize than the females, and both of them continue at fea all the fummer, and coming afliore at the b-jginning of winter, ftay there during that fcafon, whr., they engender, and bring forth their young, having commonly two at a birth, which they fuckle with their milk. On (bore they feed on the verdure that grows near the water : and flcep in herds, in the moft; miry places they can find, with fomc of the males at a dillance, who are fure to alarm them, if any one ap- proaches, fometimes by fnorting like horfes, and a: others by grunting like hogs. The males have fre- quently furious battles about their females. This ifland is ufually called by the Spaniards, the Lefler Juan Fernandes, it being about 22 leagues to the W. by S. of the illanc' more frequently called by that name : and is termed Mafa-Fucro, from its being at a gr ater diftance from the continent. In his way to this place, the Commodore was not for from ihc fpot, rt here he had endured the extremity of wrctchcdnefs 24 years before, when he was a imdfliipman, under Captain Ch^^' 2.^6 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. CoMMODOR into the water without putting them on, he being fully fcnliblc, that when properly fecured on the body, the perfon who ufes them cannot polTibly fink, or fuRcr any conlidcrable inconvenience, it he docs but take care to keep his head above the furface of the water, which is cafily done. But thefc jackets afforded no defence againft the fliark , which were often very near the fwinimcrs, and would dart even intothe very furf to feizc them : our people howeverprovidrntially cfcaped them. One of thcfe voracious fi(h fcized a large fcal clofc to one of the waterirg boafs, and devoured it in an in- fant ; and the Commodore faw another do the fame, clofe to the Hern of the (hip. The following little adventure alfo took place while we lay off this ifland. The gunner and one of the fcamcn, who were with othcis, on Ihore for water, were left behind all night, being afraid to venture in the boat, as the fea ran high. The commodore being informed of this circuniftancc, font them word, that as blowing weather might be cxpeifted, the fliip might be driven from her moorings in the night; in which cafe they would infallibly be left behind. This nicfTage being delivered, the gunner fwani to the boat ; but the failor faying, he had rather die a natural death than be drowned, refufed to make the attempt : and taking a melancholy farewell of his companions, refolvrtl to abide his fate; when juft as the boat was going to put off, a midfliipman took the end of a rope in his hand, and fwam on ftiore, where he remonftrated with the difconfolate tar on the foolilh rcfolution he had taken, till having an opportunity of throwing the rope, in which was a running knot, round his body, he called to the boats crew to haul away who indantly dragged him through the furf into the boat : he had, however, fwallowed fo much water that he appeared to be dead ; but by holding him up by the heels, he was foon recovered ; and on the day follow- ing was perfedly well. Having taken in as much wood and water as the weather would permit, the furf fometimes fwelling in fuch a manner, as to prevent our boats coming near the ftiore, we thought of leaving the ifland ; but oeforc our departure, in the evening of the 29th, the Com- modore removed Captain Mouat from the Tamar, and appointed him Captain of the Dolphin, all flag-officers having a cominandcr under them. Thij occafioncd feveral other changes. Mr. Gumming, our firll lieu- tenant, wf? appointed Captain of the Tamar, and we received in his room Mr. Carteret, her firft lieutenant. The Commodore alfo gave Mr. Kendal, one of the mates of the Dolphin, a commitnon as fccond lieute- nant of the Tamar. After thefc promotions, on the 30th, we weighed, and fleered along the E. and N. E. fide of the ifland, but could find no anchoring place; we bore away therefore, with a frclh breeze at S. E. and I at noon the centerof the ifland was diflant eight league] in the diredion of S. S. E. CHAP. III. •7'h- Do'pbin mtJ TiVii.ir mitmw llvir cfurfe from the Ijland of Ma/a-Furro isfjl'ivard — Arrive off certain lemtifid Ijhnds, -.vhicb ,()■(• *;;«.%/ th f/lan/< of Dif,ippninlment, becaufe no places of anchorafc could he found — The natives of theft IJlinJs d--f-ri'jfd — AVwi; George'. < fjk'ids dificrcrred — Another Ijland is feen, and called the Prince of H'ales's Ijland— A dffnptinn ofthtfe ij/jnd' — Alfo .j parliruLir account of the inhabitants, ami of feveral incidents that happened ■zi'hile iht ff.'ips Kcrc t.vpioriii^ than — Ibc Ijlaiid of Danger pa^jkd — The Duke ^ 7'ork Ijland difcavercd — Another new ijland foud, z.'hirh receives tl.'c name of Byron's Ijland — The pcrftis and behaviour of the Indians defcribcd. ON the firfl of May, being VVednefday, wc con- tinued to ftcer N. by W. but on the 2nd, at Doon, we altered our courfc, and fleered due wcfl^, with the view of falling in w ith an ifland, which is laid down in the charts by the i;ame of Davis's Land, in latitude 27dcg. ,p min. S. but on Thurfday the 9th, the Coid- nioJoic laid a;ide his delign, being in latitude 26 deg. 46niin. S. and in 94 deg. 45 min. \V. longitude; and, having a great run to make, he determined to fleer a N. W. cfiurfe, till he fliould fall in with a true trade w ind, and then to fearch for .Solomon's Illaiuls ; but the dillovery of both thcfe fpots of land was refervcd for a future navigator; for the Commodore, in crolfing the fotithcrn ocean, miffed of the iflandt, which have fince been named the Society Ifles ; and about the fame dif- tancc to the fomhward of the Marquefas, difcovered by Mendana, a Spaniard, in the year i C97, and after- wards explored by Cap'ain C(K>k. Wc had hitherto enjoyed a continued ferics of fine weather; but the nearer wc approached the line, the crew began to fall down with the fcurvy very fafl, and every da) , to the end of thi'5 month, brought with it anincrea.c of that dreadful difordcr. On the loth, and foil »wing d.iv, wc faw feveral dolphins and boncttas rou.id the fliip, and obfcrved afcwbinls which had a Ihou beak, all their bodies being white, except the back, ; nd the upper part ot their wings. On the 14th, in latitude 24 deg. )0 min. S. and in 97 deg. 45 min. V\ . longi- mdc, we law more of thele birds, and (everai grani- pufes, from whence imagining we niiyht /.pproach toward fomc land, we kept a good look out, 'lut found our expectations ililappointed. On Thurfday the 16th, two remarkable bird \, as large ns geeic. with white bodies, and black legs, /vere ob- frrved Hying very high, from whence it was conjeii^ured tliat wc hid palle.l fome main-l.iiid, or illands, to the fouthuard of us ; for the laft night wc obfervtd, that. notwithflanding wc had a great fwell from that quarter, yet the water became quite finooth for a few hours, after which the fwell returned. On Wednefday the 22nd, being in latitude 20 deg. 52 min. S. and in 115 deg. {8 min. VV. the fwell from the fouthward was fo great, that we expcv'led evc.-y minute, to fee our mafts roll over the fliip's fide ; to prevent which, and to cafe the fliip, wc hauled more to the northward. This day we caught, for the firff time, two bonettas, and were vifited by fomc tropic birds, larger than any wc had feen before. Their whole plumage was white, and they had in each of their tails two long feathers. On Sunday the 26th, wc were in latitude i( deg. 55 min. S. and in 127 deg. 55 min. W. longitude, when wc faw two large birds about the fhip, all black, except their necks and beakj. The feathers of their wings and tails were long, yet they flew ver)^ heavily. VVc fupjiofed th«m, from this laft circumflancc, to be a fpccics that did not fly far from the fhore. VVe had imagined, that lictbrc we had nm fix degrees to the northward of Mafa-Fuero, wc fliould have been favoured with a fettled trade wind to the S. E. but the winds flill continued to the north, though wc had a rroun- tainous fwell from the S. W. On the 28th, two other birds, one black and white, and the other brown and white, would have fettled on the yards, but were in- timidated by the working of the fhip. On the 31 ft, our people began to fall down with the fcurvy very faft, w hich made us wifh fur land. At length, after a paffagc of 31 days. On Iriday the 7th of June, atone o'clock, A.M. the Tamar made the fignal of feeing land ; on which we brought to till day light 1 and m the mean time flattered uurfelves with the pleafing hopes of getting fome kinds of refrefliments, of which wc flood in great need, cfpecially for thofc who were fick; and wc knew, that the Hlands, which arc fituatcd within twenty MtjifUiMUjWPlP.aifV'' ■-' ll^fUlfpyPfP..|P|l|l I'Tff^ Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE — for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. zi,-? twenty degrees of the line, arc frequently well llorcd with fruit of all kinds. Soon after day-break, we had the pleafure of feeing a low (inall ifland covered with beautiful trees, and on failine to the leeward, we were regaled with the fmcH of the fineft fruits. The poor wretches who were able to crawl upon deck, flood gazing on this little paradife, which however nature Ijad forbidden them to enter, with fenfations which cannot eafily be conceived. They faw cocoa-nuts in abundance, the milk of which is perhaps the moft powerful antifcorbutic in the world; and to increafe their mortification, they faw the (hells of many turtles fcattered about the (hore. Thefe refrelhmcnts, for want of which they were languifhing to death, were as effedhially beyond their reach, as if there had been half the circumference of the globe between them; for an officer, having been quite round the ifland, reported, that no bottom could be found, within Icfs than a cable's length from the (hore, which was furrounded, clofe to the beach with a ftecp coral rock ; and that, at the dif- unce of three quarters of a mile from the fhore, no foundings could be had with 140 fethomof line. Bc- fidcs, had we at one place caft anchor in 45 fathoms, the furf upon the (hore was fo great, that tnc (hip would have been in great danger of being (Iranded. Thii ifland lies in the latitude of 14 deg. 5 min. S. and in 145 deg. 4 min. W. longitude from London. It extends 1 2 miles in length ; and in the body of the ifland is a good deal of water, which was, we apprehend, waflied over the banks, as fome of them appeared to have been broken. We fooh perceived it was mhabited, for wc faw numbers of Indians upon the beach, with (bears in their hands, that were at lead 1 6 feet long. They ran along the (hore, abread of the (hips, dancing, hallooing, and (houting in the moft hideous manner. They frequently brandilhcd their lone fpears, and then threw thcmfeivcs backwards, and uy a few minutes motionlcfs, as if they had been dead j doubtlcfs mean- ing to (ignify thereby, that thev would kill whoever (hould prefumc to go on (hore. Notwithftancing vari- ous figns of amity and good w ill wjre made them by our people in the boat, nothing coulil abate their hoflile difpofition. They made in tncir tun figns for us to be fonc ; and always took care, /is the boat failed along the (hore, to move in thefamediicdlion, and axoi w pany it 5 and though the men faw fome turtle at a dif- tance, they could get at none, as thofc Indians (I ill kept oppoflteto them. Thefailors were ca; lire on the brave defendcn of their native foil, b ncir oHiccrs withheld them from fuch a wanton aifl of > jcltv and as no anchorage could be found, the Lominodore thought it mo(f advifcable to fteer to the adjac" ifland. Thefe Indians areof a very black complexion, with well proportioned limbs, and feemed to be ex- tremely aQivc, and fleet of foot to an aftonilhin^ degree. Their women, who were only to be diftinguiflied by tbdr bofomi, had fomething iwiitet! round tneir waifts, and hanging down from thence, to hide what nature taught tnem to conceal, as had alfo the men ; and this was their only cloathing. They alt(Mzether amounted to about 50 in number; and to theS. W. we could perceive their huts, under the (hade of the moft lovelv grove we ever faw. While failing along (hore, we took notice, that in one place the natives had fixed upright in the fand two fpears, to the top of which they had fai\cned feveral things that fluttered in the air, and that feme of them wcro every moment kneeling down before them, as we fuppofcd, invoking aififtance of fome in- vifible being to defend them aeainft their invader*. Among other figns of good will that they could devife, our men threw them bread, and many other things, none of which they vouchfafcd fo much as to touch, but with great expedition hauled five or (ix laive canoes, which we faw on the beach, up into a wood. When this was done they waded into the water, and feemed to watch for an opportunity of laying hold of the boat, that they might drag her on (hore. On Saturday the 8th, the boats having reported a fecond time, that no anchoring ground could be found about this ifland, we worked, at fix o'clock, P. M. umier the lee of the other ifland. Which lay to the weftward of the former, and fcnt out our cuttei to found for a place to anchor in. We rtow obfcrvcd feveral other low iflands, or rather pcninfulas. moft of them being joined one to the other by a neck ot land, very narrow, and almoft level with the furface of the water, which breaks hi^ ' over it. Here, to our great difappointment, no refrelhmcnts could be procured, owing to the inacceflible nature of the coail j and we faw a much greater number of Indians furrounding the (hore, who, with fpears of equal length, followed us in like manner, feveral hundreds of them running about the coaft in great difordcr; and at the fame time we beheld the ifland covered with a prodigious number of cocoa-nut, plantain, and tamarind trees. Having waited fome time with great impatience for the return of our cutter, we fired a gun, as a fignal for our men to come on board, which terribly alarmed the Indians, who feemed to confult among themfelves what meafures it would be moft prudent for them to take. They kept abreaft of the boats, as they went founding along the (hore, and ufcd many threatening gcfturcs. to deter them from landing. Their canoes they dragged into the woods, and at the fame time the women came with great ftones in their hands, to aflift the men in pre- venting, what they doubtlcfs thought to be, our hoftile intentions. The cutter returned near noon, bringing much the fame account of this as of the other illand, there beine no foundings at a cable's length from the (hore, with a line of 100 fathoms. This gave us in- exprefllble concern, as we had now 30 fick on board, to whom the land air, the fruit and vegetables, that ap- peared fo beautiful and attracflive, would have afforded immediate relief and returning health. Finding it im- pofliblc to obtain thofe tempting refrelhmcnts which hung full ih our view, we quitted, with longing eyes, this paradife in appearance, to which the name was with propriety given of the Iflands of Difaijpointment. Continuing our courfe to the weftward, on the 9th we faw land again, ..t the diftance of fcvcn leagues, W. S. W, At feven o'clock, P. M. we brought to for the night. In the morning of the loth, being within throe miles of the (hore, we found it to be a long low ifland, with a white beach of a pleafant appearance, covered with cocoa-nut and other trees, and furrounded with a r(Kkofrcd coral. We flood along the N. E. i'.de, « ithin half a mile of the (hore, and the natives, on feeing us, made great fires, and ran along the beach, abreaft of the fliips in great numbers, armed like the '1 \tivcs of the iflands v ha ' laft vifitcd. and like them,_ they appeared to be . robuft and fierce race of men. Over che land we couid difcern a large lake of falt- waf jr, which appeared to be two or three leagues w idc, ,d to reach "thin a fmall diflancc of the oppofitc iliore. Into this lake we obferved a fmall inlet, ibout a league from the S. ^' . point, where is a little town feated unticr the (liarment. We obferved a great number of parrots, and parroquets, with z. variety of other birds, ahogithcr unknow n to us. Wc faw alfo a beautiful kjnd of dovci, fo tame, that fome of them frequently came dole to m, and followed us into the Indian hu:s. The frelh water here is good but rather fcarce : the wcI's that fupply the natives being fo fmall, that when two or three cocoa-nut flitlb have been filled from t'lcin, they arc dry for a few minutes ; but as they prtftni y fill again, J if a little pains were taken to enlarge them, they would ' abundantly fupply any fliip with water. Weobtaiinii cocoa-nuts and fturvy-gials in great qiuintities, which were moll ineftimable acquifitions, as by this time there was not a man onboard who was wholly untouched with the fcurvcy. All this day the natives kept thcmfclvcs ilofely concealed, and did not even make a fniokc uj)on any part of the ifland, as far as wc could fee. In the evening wc all returned on board, highly pleafcd with this day's amufement and work. This ifland lies about 67 leagues from the iflands of Difappointn enr, in the dircc'tion of W. half S. anil in the latitude of i4deg. 29 min. S. longitude 148 dcg. 50 min. W. The inhabitants Ibem to nave fome notions of religion, as wc faw a place, which we concluded to be appro- priated to their manner ol worrtiip. A rude, but very agreeable avenue opened to ^ fnacious area, in which was one of the largeft and molt fpreading cocoas wc faw in the place ; before which wcrefeveral large rtoius, probably altars ; and from the tree hung the figure of a dog adorned w idi leathers. On Wcdncfday the nth, wc vifitcd another ifland which had been fecn to the wnrtward; and fleered S, \V. by W, clofc along the N. E. fide of it, which is about fix or fcvcn leagues long. This ifland makes much the fame appearance as the other, having a large fait lake in the middle of it. The fliip no fooner came in light, than the natives repaired in great numbers to the beach, armed in the fame manner as thofc already defciibcd, but not of fuch boifVcrous manners. Ihe boats founded as ufual along the fliore, but hadilrict orders not to nioleft the Indians, except it iliould be abi 'itely neceflary in their own defence; but on t ha conuary, toufe every gentle method in order to obtain their conlidencc and good will. They rowed as near th' ibore as they durft for the furf ; and making figiis p 340 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. nefts, and (o diverted of fear, that they did not attempt tn move at the approach of the feamcn, but fuiTered thcmfclves to be knocked down, having no apprchen- fion of the mifchicf that was intended them. The ground was covered with land crabs ; thefe were the only animals we faw, nor did we obfcrve the lead fign of any inhabitants ; and it was fuppofed never before to have received the mark of human foot rteps. The Commodore was inclined to believe, that this ifland was the fame that in the French charts is laid down about a degree to the eaftward of the great idand of Saint Elizabeth, which is the principal of Solomon's Iflands,but being afterwards convinced of the contrary, he named it the Duke of York's Ifland, in honour of his late roval highrefs. On Friday the 38th, we gave up all hopes of feeing Solomon's Iflands. which we had expcdlea to vifit, and fhould certainly have found, had there been an^ fuch iflands in the latitude in which they arc placed in our maps. Thefe iflands are faid to have been difcovercd by Ferdinand dc Quiros, who rcprcfented them as ex- ceeding rich and populous ; and Icveral Spaniards who have pretended that they were driven thither by ftrcfs of weather, have faid, that the natives, with refpcd to their behaviour, were much like thofc of the continent of America, and t^hat they had ornaments of gold and filver ; but though the Spaniards have at diflferent times fcnt feveral pcrmns in fearch of thefe iflands, it was always without fuccefs : which muft probably proceed, either from the uncertainty of the latitude in which they are faid to be found, or the whole being a fidtion. There is indeed good reafon to believe, that there is no good authority for laying down Solomon's Iflands in the utuation that ib alTigned them by the French: the only perfon who has pretended to have feen them, is the aoove mentioned Qiiiros,and we doubt whether he left behind him any account of them, by which they might be found by future navigators. However, we continued our courfe in the track of thefe fuppofed iflands, till the 39th, and being then 10 deg. to the weflward of their fituation in the chart, witltout having feen any thing of them, we hauled to the northwarcH in order to crofs the line, and afterwards to fliape our courfe for the Ladrone Iflands, which though a lone run, we hoped to accompli fli, before we flMMnd bediu trcflcd for water, notwithftanding it now began to fall fliort. This day we obferved in latitude 8 dag. 13 niin. S. and in 176 min. 20 min. £. k>ngitude. On Tuefday the and of July, at four o'clock, P. M. we difcovcred an ifland bearing north, diflant (ix leamies. Wc flood for it till fun-fet, aind then kept oflT and on for the night. In the morning we found it to be a low fht ifland, of a mofl delightful afpe tenances exprefling a furpriflng mixture of intrepidity and cheerfulnefs. Their nair is black and long, which fome wore tied up behind in a great bunch, othenin knots: fome had long beards, fomc only wtnflien, and fome nothir^ more tha.i a fmall tuft at the point of the chin mcept their ornaments, they were all flark naked : thefe confifled of fhells very prettily difpofcd, and flrung together, and were worn round their necks, wrifls andwatfts. All their can were bored, but no ornaments were feen in them; though aa the lobes of their ears hung down almofl to their flioulders, it is highly probable, that fomething of conflderable weight is at times affixed to them by way of ornament. One man in the group appeared to be a perfon of confc- quences he had a tiring of human teeth round his waift, which nothing ttutt was fliewcd him could in- duce him tn prt with. Some were unarmed, but or>^?r! had a very formidable weapon, conflflinc of a kind of fpear, very broad at the end, and fluck full of Ihark's Iceth, which are as fliarp as a lancet at the fldcs, for about three feet of iu length. The officers fliewcd them cocoa-nuts, and made iigns that they wanted more ; but inflead of giving any intimation that their country fumiflted fuch fruit, they endeavoured to feizc upoa thofe they law. To this ifland we gave the name of Byron's Ifland. It is feated in latitude i deg. i S min, S. and in 173 deg. 46 min. E. longitude. s» CHAP. IV. Tbf iKo/bips depart from Byron's JJland— Crofs the Eauitwxial Lint— Arrive at ViniaH-^Aitcbor in the very /pot tvhtre Lord All/on lay in the Centurion — A dejcription of that ifland, with remarkable incidents and tran/afJtons — ObJerxalwrn m the Indians, and the fonftruHion of their proas — they fail from the Ladrone Iflands — Touch at the ifle (f Pule Ttmoan. — Anaccountof the Malays— Arrive at Batavia — J particular defiript ion of the ftate and fituation of this country — Paffagefroin Bala^via to the Cape of Good Hope — Ob/ervat ions during our flay there — Set fail and pafs the ifland of St. Helena — The Tamar fleers for Antigua i» order to refit — And the Dolphin tn tbe^tbof May, 1766, amhor in the Doum. ON Wednefday the third of July, we fent out the boats to found, foon a;>.cr we had bitxight to off Byron's Ifland ; when retur ned, they reported, that there was depth of ground t 30 fathom, within two cables length of the Ifaore, b' : as the bottom wu coral rock, and the foundings mu iitoo near fora (hip to lie in fafety, we were obliged t make fail, without havins procured any refrcflimenf M>r our (ick. We now fleered nearly due north, and a (Ted the line two decrees be- yond the extremity of wellcrn longitude from London, •r in 178 deg. E. In our courfe, wc 6m great quait- I titiet of fifli, but none could be ukcn, except fliarks, which were become a good difh even at the Commo- dore's own ubie. On Sunday the ai ft, all our cocoa-nuts by this time being expended, the men began to fall down again with the kurvy. Thefe nuts had, in an afloni(hing man- ner, checked the progrefs of this dreadful diforder : many whoTe limbt were become a* black as ink, who could not move without the afllftance of two men, and who, bcfides bulag sntirtly diikbled, fuifered excniciat- ,.li)f pain, had been in a few days, by tating thefe nuts, fo Commodore BYRON's VOVAGE— for making Difcoverics in the Southern Ocean, &c. 841 fo far ri*..'S to ihc fnuthward, and here the fliips employed 'n the Acapulco trade are flatioHcd. ihe city is healthfully (ii uated, and well watered, and has a very fruitful country in its neighbourhtHxl ; but it is fonic difidvantagc to itsi trade, that it is difficult cetting out tb fea to the c ilward, through fuch a num- ber of illands ; .here the Spaniards walie abundance of time, and arc often inf,n at danger. I'hc trade from hence to Chiiu and Imiia coniiHs chicHy in fuch commodities as>arc intcml^ to i'upply Mexico and Peru, namely, fpices, Chinefc lilks, and niaiiut'adlurcs, particukiriy iilk (lockings, of which no lefs than $0,000 pair have been iliipp»l in one cargo, with vafl quantities of Indian ilutl's,callicocsand chiius, which arc much worn in America,, together with other fiiiall articles, fuch as goldlsnithsi^work, &:c. wrought 4 the city of Manila by the Chinefe, of which nation there are not lefsthati 20,000 roliding there, as fcrvantr; immulkchirers, or brokers. All thcfe articles are tnnfported annually alis, and the mountaineers eat the Heih they take in luiilting, and the fruits of the earth, which grow fponbneoufly in great plenty. Their liquor is water, which they ufually drink warm as the Chinefe do. ' They have alio palm-wine, and fpiiituous liquors dif- tilled from the juice of the fugar-cane, rice, ^:c. They bathe twice a day in cold water, either for health or divcrtioriiorboth: plays are another Hiverfion, atvl they' are entertained .frequently with dincirg anc. mock lights. Thefc illands are extremely well fituated for 'rade ; all the rich merchandize of India is fcnt from hc-^cc to America, and the treatures of Mexico and Peru ate brought hither annually, by which exchange, it is faid,-< they make a profit of 400 per cent. Few countries enjoy a more fruitful foil ; the pcoplff in many places live upon what the earth produces fpoii- ■ taneoufly, and ihe furface of the ground is exceeding ; beautiful ; the trees are ever green, and feldom without' I fruit. I Their neat cattle run wild in the moiintains, and arc I hunted, as well as deer, wild hogs and goats. ■ The iiion- ' kics and baboons found here are very fagacious : during ! the feafon, w.hen there is no friiit.'to be got, they go' ', down to the fea-iide to catch oyfters ; that the fifli may Inot. pinch their paws, they put a flone between the (hells, to prevent" their Unit ting elofe. i Wax is ("o. Iplcntiful, thaD they make no. other cah<^|cs, und never' jbunalampj. Thdrbecsareof feviM*»l k^nds, fonic df ; jthem Vciv. Inrgcj ancl riako their coWibs in the woods, jproducijig fucli quantities of honeJ'UJwbuId alrnoft (lib-' '.liR.ihtinatives. .. J.^n-n 1 r .■ -A ■-.::'. >. ■^SH Ittlli FstflV .*^ '•i»i,ii HBJWwi^K JEhuHSb^KI fmwm^ ^mm ■111 ^ ►» 244 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. t?l Medicinal and fweet gums, ifliiing from the bodies of trecii arc part of the proiiuce : fcrpcncs of various kinds are tbund in thefc iliands ; buc the fathers who relate that fome of them are fo large, they will fwailow a lUg, hornn and all, furely do not cxpcd to be believed, any ntorethan when they relate, that the leaves of trees are converted into infeCb ; but the laft of thcfc ftories may firoceed from a miftakc, for it is certain that fomc in- ledts depofit their eggs (as they do with us) upon the leaves of trees, which arc hatched there, as is the cafe of the cochineal fly ; and they might ignorantly imagine that thofe infcds proceed from the leaf. The alligators are very dangerous ; and the ignana, a kind of land alligator, does a great deal of mifchicf. Among their birds, are peacocKs, parrots, cocatoos, and turtle-doves, which are very beautiful, fowls with black bones, and the bird tavan, which lays a number of eggs in trenches in the fand, and leaves them to hatch there. The faligan AOens her nefls to fomc rock, as a martin does againft a wall, which diflblving into a kind of jelly in warm water, is eneemed delicio'is flood. Here is alfo the xolo bird, which eats like a turkev; the camboxa is a Xvetl talked fowl peculiar to thefe iliands. The herrcro or carpenter, is a line large green bird. It is called the carpenter, becaufc its beak is fo hard, that it digs a hole in the trunk, or fome large branch of a tree, in order to build its ncO. Their fruits arc mangoes, plantains, bananoe», cocoas, tamarinds, calTu, and the cocoa or chocolate nut, which has been brought over from Mexico-, oranges, lemons, ind all manner of tropical fruits. The cinnamon and nutmcg-trcc have been planted here ; but degenerate, and are good for little. A great deal of good timber and dying woods grow intheie iflands; and thccalamba, or fwcct-wood, a kind of cane, grows in the mountains, wbith, if cut, yields a draught of water, and is of great fervice to the natives. They have one plant that has all the properties of and is ufed as a fubftitute for opium ; of this the natives are very fond, and frctjucntly intoxicate thcmfclvcs with it. Flowers and fweet -herbs grow wilj here, but they do not cultivate them in their gardens, and there are abundance of medicinal, as well as poifonous herbs and flowers, which do not only kill tliofe that touch or ulte them, but fo infeft the air, that n>any people die in the tin^ of their blofloming : on the contrary, thcfc iflands are providentially well furniflicd with antidotes, particu- larly the bcisar flone, which is found in the belly of a creature much like a deer ; and the root dilao, which is like ginger, and heals wounds made by any ve- nomous bcafl, being bruifcd and boiled with oil of cocoas. The treecamondog is fo venomous, jhat the pilchards eating the leaves which fall into the fca die ; as will the pcrfons who eat the poifoned filh. The liquor which flows from the trunk of this tree fervcs thefe people 10 poifon the points of their darts which they blow through the trunks abovementioncd : the very fliadow of the tree is fo dcflrudivc, that, as far as it reaches, no herb or grafs grows, and if tranfplantcd, it kills all the other plants it ftands near, except a fmall fli rub which is an antidote againfl it, and always with it: a bit of a twig of this flirub, or a leaf carried in a man's mouth, is faid to be a fecurity againft the venom of the tree, and therefore the Indians are never without it. The maka bukay, which (ipnifics the giver of Hfe, is a kind of ivy which twines about any tree, and grows to the thickncfs of a mart's finger; it has long fhoots like vine branches, of which the Indians make bracelets, and cflecm them a prefcrvative agalnll poifon. There are many other trees and plants of extraordinary virtue ill thcfc iflands ; among others, there is the fenfltive plant, in all rcfpeds like a colcwort, which growing out of a rock, avoids the touch, and retires under water: there is another that grows on St. Peter's Hill about Manila, which is not very tall, and has lialc leaves, which whenever it is touched, draws back and clofcs all its leaves together ; for which reafon the Spaaianis call it lavcrgin cofa, that is, the baflifut. There grows ncArCathalagan, in the ifland of .Saniar a plant of a furpriflng virtue, difcovercd by the f;tth(ri ' ot thcfociety, as they tell us, of late years : the Dutch have alio fomc knowledge of ir, and, it is faid, will give double the quantity of gold for it. The plant Is like ivy, and twines about any tree it grows ncari tht fruit which grows out of the knots and leaves: rcfctnbjci a melucotoon in bigncfs and colour, and within ha» eight, ten, or fnueen kcmals as big as a haicl nut, ciclv giTcn and yellow, which when ripe, dsop out of rhtm- Iclves. The ufual dofe given of it is the weight of Haifa, royal, that is the lixtcenth part of an ounce, poadrrrd arid mixed in wine or water ; if it has no cffe^'t the firlt time, the dole is repeated, and is a powerful antidote againlt any poifon, cither of venomous herbs or darts vrhich aiculcd by tht natives of Macoflar, Borneo, and the Philippines; 'I'hc general langua^ fpokcn in thefe iflands ii the Malayan tongue ; bclides which, every people ha«e a language peculiar to thcmiclves. They write on cocoa- nut leaves, with an iron, rtylc or pen; and arts and fciences have been introduced by the Spaniards, the natives having nothing of tkis kind to boaf) at before their arrival. All thcfc iflands, except Mindanao and Paragoa, are under the iuriidiction of a Spanifli vie ray, who has governors under him in every odicr ifland and town of confequencc, and the like courts are crci^tcd fm the trial of civil and criminal caufes, as in old Spain. The archbilhnp of Manila, the bifliops and their comniif. farics, determine ccclefiafticaf caui'cs as in turo(«; but there lies an appeal from them to the pope's itc- lagate, who refides in one of the iflaadft. The court oi inquitkion haa alfu a commiflary hctr. But noiwitJi. flanding the Spaniards, arc icprdcaccd as lavcrci)>ns of thcfc lUands, this mufl only be underilood of the apca country and the fca-coafls, in uhich i!'erc may be 300,000 fouls ; bnt thcfc are not a tenth part of the in- habitants, the refl look upon themfctvcs as a fre« people: every mountain almoll is poflcflcd by a dificrcnt tribe, who iTiai:e war upon one another, tbc Spaniards feldom intermeddling in their quarrck The i hintic were formerly fo nuiucittus here, that they difputid the authority of the Spaniards over them: it is coin. puled that 40.000 of them rcfidcd in and about the city of Manila; but the Spaniards compelled thciii to fubmil, and baniflted i'oinc thoufands of thcni, the refl were permitted to remain here, 10 carry on their manufadurcs ; for they arc almoft the only artilicers. Their anns arc bows, arrows, and lances or fpcars, broad fwords, and tubes or tmnks, through which ihcy blow iKiifoiicd arrows, the flightell wounds whrrcof arc mortal, if unmediate remedies are not applied. They have cane fliields alfo covered with a butfaloc's hide, .ind a head-piece for defenflvc arms. Thcfc favages, as tlw Spaniards call thcni,worftiipont fuprcmc (fud, and their anccilors, as ihc Chimicdo, from whom nuifl of them are defcendcd ; they worlliip alfo the fun and moon, and almotl every thing they fee, whether animate or inanimate, ^.x.°-s. rocks, nvcrt, ami one particular tree, which tney wot id cftcem it a facrilege 10 c^: down, believing the fouls cf fome ot their friends may rciide in it, and that in cutting the tree they may wound a near relation. Inflead of temples, they have 1. v.c,., wherein they place their idols, aod facrificc to them. Some beautiful young virgins tirft wounds the vidtim with a fpear, and then the prictls difpatch the animal 1 and, having drcflixl ihc meat, it is eaten by ttie conipany. Si^erltition prevails among them; they have their lucky and unlucky days; and if certain anin:als crofs the way when they arc g^ing upon buiinefs, they will return home, and go out no more that day. The .Spaniards tolerate, thetm i» their idola< trous. worfliip t aisd ftiiter them to gatnc, o» paying to the government I Q.QOOcmwns per annum. They are alio much given to a dcte(bbfe vice : utfi did not ima« gine it CO be a crime, till the Spaniardapsnilhcd them tor it. The man purchafe their wives here as in Oiina ; and ' the macriage cereqioi^ is performed by a prieficfs, who 4 fiKnfica Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE— for making Dilcoveries in the Southern Ockan,&c. ^45 iacrificci fomc animal on thcoccalion ; after which, the bride ii ltd home, and (he whole concludes with an entertainment as at other placet. The/ marry in their own tribe, and with their neareft relations, except the firft degree ; foinc of them are contined to one wife, other tribes allow a plurality of women, and divorces farreafonablecaufes on either fide. Children arc cither named after hcroei or Howers, or from fume accidental circumliance that occurs at the time of their birth ; but as foon as thev marry, they chufc new names, and their parents are obliged to make ufe of their old ones. The dead are waflied and perfumed, wrapped in filk, and put in a clofc coflin, near which a chcll is placed th.it contains the arms of a man, or domcAic uteniils ofa woman: mourners arc hired to alTid in making a difmal noife. They bury their dead as in China, and do not burn them : as foon as the body is buried, an entertainment i« made, and all is converted to mirth and fcllivity. In general, they mourn in black garments ; and (have their heads and eye-brows. The next Spani(h ilbnd to that of Manila is Samar or Fhilippina. between which and Manila is a narrow channel, called the Straight of Manila, the N. E. point whereof i» called Spirito Sando s the iiland is near 400 miles in circumference, the chief town, Ca- th4iai;an, t^vcrncd by a Spanifli alcade. The ifland of Scbu, which lies in 10 d<^. S. latitude, is the place where Magellan iirft fet up the Spanifli colours; the chief town named Noinbre de Dios, afterwards made a bifhop's fee, has in it a cathedral and fcveral other churches and monaflcries. The ifland of negroes lies wed of Scbu, and was fo named becaufc it is mhabited chiefly by blacks. Mindanao lies the moil fouthcrly of any of the Philippine Iflands, and is the larged of them except Manila, being near 200 miles in length, and 15P m breadth. It is poflTeflied by people of diti'ercnt na- tions and difTerent religions ; but the Mahometans, who are fituatc on the fca-coafls. are much the moft nu- merous, whofc fovercign is Oiled Sultan of Mindanao. Thofe who poflefs the middle of the ifland are called HillanooM. and another nation llilcd Solognes, are fituateoatiieNt W. coaft. The air of this ifland is not fo hot aa nught be expoiled. being refrcflied fre- quently by the fea breezes, and the periodical rains, which lay the flat country under water. The winds blow from the cad, from Odober to May, and then turn about and fet weflerly : next month the rains and Dorms fucceed ; at M\ there arc not more than two or three fliowers a day ; they afterwards coine oftcner, with violent hurricanes and loud thunder, and the viind continues weftcrly until November, during which time they have fuch florms that trees are blown up by the roots, the rivers arc overflowed, and thry do not fee the fun or flats fometintes in a week : about Augul\ the air is very cool, the rain and wind arc mo- derate in September, and in Odober the wind blows from the eaft again, and it continues fair till April, and fometimes May. Mindanao, the capital city, lies on the fouth-fidc of the ifland, in 1 23 deg. 1 5 niin. of eaflern longitude, and 6 deg. 20 min, north latitude, near the mouth of a river, and about two miles from the fea 1 the houfes being built on bambwi pillars. i6 or 18 feet above the furface of the ground, on account of the annual floods, when they have no communication with one another but by boats. The city is about a mile in length, built along the winding biank of the river ; the Sultan's palace is fupportcd by 1 80 trees, and has 20 cannon mounted in the front ; and fevcral of the nobility have great guns in or before their houfes. Large fliips cannot come up to the town, there being fcarce 1 1 feet water on the bar, at the entrance of the river. The natives are held to be men of a fprightly genius, but very lazy and indolent, and will rather thieve than , work ; but none arc more aiX'ive when they find there is a ncceflity for it ; and there may be two reafons for < their lazy difpofition. one from the heat of the cli- mate, and the other from the tyranny of the govcrn- nient, no man being furc he (hall enjoy what he acquires by his induftry. No. 29. . The Mmdanayans are of a low flature, and wry flender, of dark tawny complexions, black eyes and hair, flat faces, fliort nofes, wide mouths, and black teeth, which thev take abundance of pains to dye of that colour ; and they wear the nails of their left hands almoft as long again as their fingers, fcraping and dying them with vcrmillion. The men have a haughty mein, and yet arc faid to be very complaifant to foreigners, unlcfs they arcinfulted, and then they fcldotn fail to lefcnt the lUfront, and def- troy their enemy bv poifon or a dagger, never hazarding their pcrfona in a duel. Their habit is a linen frock and drawers, and a fmall Ciccc of linen cloth, tied about their heads, but they go arc-foot: the complexion and features of the women are better than thofe of the men ; but yet they too much rcfcmbic the other fex, and cannot be admired for their beauty ; they wear a frock like the men, and a piece of cloth round their waifts ; the flccvcs of the frock be- ing large, and coming down to their wrifls. Their hair is tied up in a roll at the hinder part of their heads. The men fliavc their heads, all but a lock that is left in the middle of the crown, like other Mahouictansj their beards arc very thin, being pulled up by the roots with tweezers. People of figure arc cloathcd in filk or fine callico i the women go barefoot as well as the men, and adorn their arms and fingers with bracelets and rings. They arc not rcftrained from converfing with their countrymen or foreigners. The food of people of condition is flcfli, fifli, and fowl of all kinds, except hogs flefli, which the Ma- hometans never touch. The poorer fort content them- felves with rice and fago. Rice is the principal part of the meal with all of them; they take it up with their hands, ufing neither knives or fpoons ; and their meat, whatever it be, is boiled to rags, that it may very cafily be pulled to pieces with their fingers. They ufually drink water, but make a pretty flrong liquor with plantains ; they wafti before and after every meal, and bathe fcveral times a day. Swimming is one of the chief divcrfions of the women, as well as the men, to which they arc ufcd from their in- fancy. Upon joyful occafions the dancing girls, as they are called, arc fent for to divert the company ; but this dancing confifts only in (krewing themfelves into lafcivious pollures, and addrefllng their great men with flattering fpecchco. They have plays and mock fights alb aded before them, and huntingof wildbcafls is tneir principal rural fport, in which their women partake ; but their hunting is only driving the deer and other game into an inclofurc, from whence they cannot cfcapc, and then fliooting at them. Mindanao is a fruitful Ibil, well watered with rivers, and their mounuins afford excellent timber. Of the libby, or l.igo-tree, there arc large groves : the fago is the pith of a tree which the natives eat inftcad of bread, and is frequently brought over to Europe, being fo grained, that it is fometimes taken for a feed. They nave no com but rice. Plantains, guavas, mangoes, and all tropical fruiu, abound here. Cloves and nutmegs have been tranfplanted hither, and appear fair to the eye ; but it is faid they degenerate, and the fruit is good for nothing : if^ thele plants were cultivated, poifibly they might equal thofe of the fpice iflands. Here are no bcafls of prey in this ifland, but almofl every other ufcful animal, fuch as horfes, cows, buffaloes, and hogs, with bunches over their cycs; here arc alfo fnakcs, fcorpions, and other venomous infeds ; and the feathered kind are the fame as in Manila. The Malayan language is generally fpokcn here t and the Mahometans have the koran and books of devotion, in the Arabic language. The liberal arts do not flourifli here ; they arc forced to employ the Chinefe to keep their accompts for them ; nor have they fo much as a clock or a watch in all the country, but beat upon drums every three hours, that pcop^ may know the time of the day. There art f^;^e : 3 0^ •ffif 'Im i^6 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Co mp let p.. any other working trades, except golilfmiths, carpcn- tcPR, and blackfniithH, who iwrlorm their work very well with the toola they have, for the fmiths have neither vice nor anvil, nor the carpenters any faws, but when they have fplit their planks, plane thcn\ with the nx or ailze. Their dileafcs arc Hiixcs, fevers, and the I'lnall-pox ; and fonie are alfedtcd with a kiml of leprofy, or dry fcurf, w hich covers the body, and itches intolerably. The religion of the fiiltan, and thofc who inhabit the fcacoarts, is Mahometanifin, and that of the in- land i)cople is Faganifin, difl'cring little from the Chinefe. In allowing a plurality of wives and con- cubines, the Mahometans of this ifland imitate thofe of Turky, only they allow their women gr«atcr liberties, fufiering them to converfe freely with their acquain- tance or ftrangers ; but it is faid they arc fo prejudiced againft fwines flelli, that one of their great men rc- fufed to wear a pair of (hoes made by an European, when he uas informed that the threads with which they were fewed were pointed with hops brillles. They KioK upon thcmfelvcs to be dcHled, if they touch any thing whi(h belongs to a hogs they durll not kill them left they fliould be defiled by the touch of the weapon they make ufe of, which occalions thefe ani- mals to multiply fo faft, that the ifland is over-run with them. They are very glad to fee the Europeans kill them, but muft undergo fevcral ablutions or walh- ings, if they fliould happen to touch a man thu had eaten its fletli. The fultan of Mindanao is an abfolutc prince , and his throne hereditary ; both the perfons and purfes of his fubjeOls are in his power, and if he knows any of them abound in wealth, he borrows it of them. He has one great miniller, in whom he lodges the admi- nirtration of the government, both civil and military, to whom both natives and foreigners murt apply them- ftlvcs for libiity to trade. Their wars arc chiefly with the mountaineers, who inh.ibit the middle of the ifland, with whom they arc very cautious of coming to a general engagement ; but when the armies are pretty near, they begin to entrench and cannonaile each other, and will remain in the fame camp fome months, fend- inij out parties to make incurfions into the enemies lountry, and furprize dcfcnrclefs places. Their arms are a cricc or fhort dagger, and a broad fword, a fpear, and bow s and arrows. The molt confiderablc of the Philippines that have not been mentioned, arc Mindora, !5. W. of Manila: I'anay, and I.cyte, which lie north of Mindanao; and t!ic ill.md ofParagoa, which lies very near the north part of Hornco, and is fubjcct to one of the princes of [hat in.md. Phili[)pina was the firrt that was difcovered of this (.Uiftcr of iflands, a.id confcquently gave name to the reft. It lies between i: and 14 degrees north lati- tude, and is the moft fertile and pleafant of all the Philippines, exhibiting a fccne of perpetual verdure ; for here the fun is powerful, without beiiigdifagreeable. The Ladronc Iflands arc fituatc in the Pacific (ke-.'n, in 1 40 degrees of caflcrn longitude, and between I : and 2b degrees of north latitude. Guam or Ignana, the largcft, is lituate in 13 dcg. 21 min. north latitude, 7J00 miles weft of Cape Coricntes in Mexico, according to Dainpier. The other inconiiderablc iflands are, 2. Sarpanta. 3. Bonavilla or Tinian. 4. Sefpara. 5. Aiiatan. 6. Sarignan. 7. Guagam. .S. Alama- guan. 9. Pagon. 10. The burning mountain of Griga. 11. Magna. la. Patas. 13, iJifconocida ; and, 14. Malabrigo. Guam is about 1 2 leagues long and four broad, lying N. and S. It is pretty high champaign land, (loping down towards the coaft. The ealWide, which is the highcft, is fenced with fteep rocks, on which the waves conflantly beat, driven by the trade wind. The wcft- fide is low land, in which arc fcveral little fandy bays divided by rocks. The natives of Guam arc of a good ftature, have 'targe limbs, a tawny complexion, black long hair, fmall • eyes, thick lips, and arc long vifagcd. Tlicy arc ("omc. times afflieted with ■ kind ofleprofv, othcrwifc the country is healthful, efpccially in the d'fy fcaliin. The rains begin in June, and lall till CXilobcr, but are not violent. Tha ifland produces rice and moft tropicnl fruiu and one fort, which Uamnier has named bread-fruit' grows uiwn a tree like apples, and at its full bigncCs is as large as an ordinary foot-ball ; it has a hard thick rind, and within a loft yellow pulp, of a fweetilh tsllc, the natives cat it inflcad of bread, having lirll baked or roalled it in the embers : it is in fcafon eight motuhs in the year, and grows only •' thefe iflands. Dampicr relates, that when he was there (about the year 1700) there were not above 100 Indians upon the ifland, though he was informed there had l)«n 3 or 4CX3 Ibmtimc before ; and the rcafon given why there was no more at that time was, becaufc moll of them had burnt their plantations, and fled to other iflands on their being ufcd ill by the Spaniards. Their fwift-failing floops, or Hying proas, are the admiration of all that fee them 1 the bottom of the vcflel, or the keel, is of one piece, made like a canoe, 28 feet in length, built fliarp at both ends, one fide ot the floon flat, and the other rounding with a pretty large belly ; being four or five feet broad, with a mall in the middle. They turn the flat fide to the wind, and having a head at each end, fail with either of thciil foremafl, and have never any occallon to tack. Daui- pier computed they would fail 1a miles an hour. The tide never rifcs above two or three feet at this ifland. The writer of Lord Anfon's voyage relates, tliat thoy arrived at the ifland of Tinian or Bonavifla, one of the Ladrone Iflands, which lies north of Guam, on the 27th of Augull, 1742, being lituated in i j dcg. 8 mm. nonh latitude, and 114 deg. 50 min. weft of Acapuici) in America. This ifland is 1 2 n^ilcs in length, aod lix in breadth, extending from the S. S. W. to N. N. I{. The foil is dry and landy, and the air htilthful; ihc land riles in gentle flopea from the fliorc to the middle of the ifland, interrupted by valleys of an eal'y deficnr, The valleys and gradual fwcllings of the ground arc beautifully divcrlihed by the cncrosf hm<.nts of woods and lawns ; and the woods confiit -'f ' fpicading trees, celebrated for thtir af()cd or th Jr fruit ; the turf of the lawns clean and uniform, compofed of line trcflBll, intermixed with a variety of flowers j the woods, in many places, open, free from bullies, and under- wood, all'ording moll elegant and entertaining prol'- peds. • The tattle on this ifland were computed to amount to 10,000, (we fuppofe he means horned cattle) all |)er- feiUy w hitc except their ears ; befides which there were hogs and poultry without number. The cattle and fow Is were fo fat, that the men could run them down, and were under no neceflity of fhooting them. Their flefli is well taflctl, and very eafy of digcllion. About the beginninjj of the prefent century, thi^ ifland was faid to contain at Icalt 30,000 iiihabitunii, when a dreadful mortality raging among them, pro- digious numbers died, and the calamity prevailin<; with equal violence in the iflands of Rota and Guam, the Spaniards obliged thofe that remained at Tinian to remove to Guam, in order to make good the deficiency l>y the number of the fouls that had purilhed in that ifland ; tince which time, Tinian has been wholly un- inhabited. The ruins of the buildings in Tinian, fomc of which arc d a particular form, evince it to have been once a populous place. Ihc ifland of Rota has nut any thing in it that demands particular attention. Its chid produce is rice, which is cultivated by a few Indians, who live there undillurbcd, butarcfubjcd to thcSpanilli governor. Though the other iflands arc uninhabited, they arc in general exceeding fertile, the air good, and the climate temperate. They alfo produce plenty of provilionj; but they arc feldom vilitcd, on account of the great in- <:onvcnicncc arifing from the want of water for anchor* Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE— for miking Di(covcncs in the Southern Oc kan, tec. 447 jjjt. Ttn\M\ i« more coiumo(.lioii« in this p.irtii.ular, l^t even there it is very unfafc (torn June to October. In the month of September, the Tannr, one of Coin- niodore Byron's fliip*. met with an accident, that was attended with fitaf confequcnccs to two of her bell fcaincni flic had, as ufual, lent her boat on (hore, when the furf fuddcniy rofc fo high as to fill the boat with water, by which means the men were dalhed againft the fteep craggy rocks near the fliorc, and two of them drowned ; and the reft who were fix in number, with crcat diffif'ulty cfcaped fuffcringthe fame fate, by fwin\- niing to ftiore, they bcine frequently repelled by the umifual fwcll which prevailed at that time. Several other iflands have lately been difcovcrcd to thceaflwafj of the Philippines! and from them called the N'cw Philippines, of which father Clan, in a letter from Manila (mferted in the Philofophical Tranfac- tions) gives the following acount 1 that he happening to be at the town of Guivan.i, in the illand of Sainar, found 29 pillars, or inhabitants of certain newly dif- fovcrcd iflands, who were driven there by the cafterly winds which blow in thofc feas from Ueccmlxr to May. They had run before the Hi.rd for 70 days to- gether, according to their own relation, without being iblctomake any land till they came in fight ofGuivami they were 35 perfons, and embarked in two boats, with their wives and children, when they firft cimcout, but fcvcral periflied by the hardlhips they underwent in the voyage ; they were under fuch a confternation when a man Iroin Guivam attempted to come on board Aem, that all the people which were in one of the vcfleb, with their wives and children, jumped overboard; however, they were at length perfuaded to fteer into the harbour, and they landed the 28th of December, 1696. They cat cocoa-nuts and roots which were brought them ver)' freely, but would not touch boiled i ce, the com- mon fomi of tho Afiatics. Two wom:n, who had formerly been cart on ftiore from the fame iflands, wer" their interpreters ; they related that their country con- filkd of ;)2 illands, and by the form of their veffels and fails their country fcemed to be in the neighbour- hood of the Mariana's, or Ladrone Iflnnds ; they re- lated that their country was exceeding populous, and that all the iflands are under the domimon of one king, »ho keeps his court in the ifland of Lamaree: the natives go half naked, and the min paint and ftain their boiiies, making feveral forts of figures upon them, but the women and children arc not painted; the com- plexion and fliape of their face is much like thofc of the tawny Philippines or Malayes : the men wear only a cloth about their loins which covers their thighs, and another loofe about their botiies which they tie before. There is little ditt'crence betwixt the drefs of the men and women, but rhat the cloth which covers the wo- men hangs a little lewcr on their knees ; their language is dirt'crent both from the j)Coplc of the Philippines and the Ladrone Iflands, and comes ncarcll to that of the Arabs : the woman that feem nioft confidcrabic among them, wear necklaces, bracelets, and rings of tortoireftiell. They fublilled thcmfelvcs all the time they were at fea with the fi(h they caiched, in a kind cfwickcrba fleet with a great inouth, ending in a point, uhich they hauled after theiu ; and their drink was rain water, which they hap(H-ned to be fupplied with : they have no cows, or dogs, in their iflands, and they run away at the the light ot the one, and the barking of the other; neither have they any horfes, deer, cats, or any four footed bealts w hatcver ; or any land fowls but hens, which they breed up, and never eat their eggs : they werefurprizedat the whitcnefsof the Iiuropeans, having never fccn any people of this complexion, as they were at their manners or cuiicms : it does not ap- pear that they have any religion, nor do they ufc any fct meals, but cat and drink whenever they arc hungry or thirlly, and then but fparingly. They falutc any one by taking him by the hand or foot, or gently (Iroaking bis face: among their Cools thoy have a faw made of a large fliell, fltarpened with a flone, having no iron or other metals in their country ; and were furprifed to fee the manjr tools ufed in building a ihip. Their ;irmt arciaiuis or dart^, headcil with luiin.ui lumis .iiul fliarpcncd. They ficiii to tiea people oIHiulIi life and courage, but of a peai efiil diljiolitioli ; and are will proportioned, out not of a large li/c. We now pro- ceeil with the narrative of our voy.-igc. On Monday, the ;nwe anchored with thekedge in twenty fathoms; and at one o'clock P. M, we faw a fmall ifland, which bore S. W, half S. difl£.nt te .1 leagues. On Monday the I ith, wc weighed, and, hWina made fail, we defcricd lome fmall i'lands, uhich we luppofcd to be Domincs, bearing W. half N. diftant fevcn leagues. At noon by obfervation we found our latitude to oe 1 8 min. fouth. On the 1 2th, at ten o'clock A. M. we faw a fmall Chinefcjunk;and on the 13th, a fnall ifland, called Pulo Tote. At four o'clock, P. M. wc came to an an- chor, and faw a fmall floop about four miles diflant from us, w hich hoifteJ EXitch colours. In the night we had violent rain with hard fqualls. On Thurfday the 14th, wc weighed, and at nine o'clock A. M. made fail. The \cFA wc had feen the day before ftill laying at anchor, we fent a boat with an officer to fpeak with her: the officer was received on board with great civi- lity ; but was much furprized at finding, that he could not make himfelf undcrflood, for the people on board Wf re Malays, without a fmgle white man among them ; they nude tea for our men immediately, and m every refpcft behaved with great hofpitality. This veflTcl was of a lingular form; her deck was of flit bamboo, and (he was fteertJ, not by a rudder, but by two laige pieces of timber, one upon each quarter. "This day the wind became more moderate and variable from N. N W. to W. S. W. On the 1 5th, wc fet iail, and at two o'«Jotk P. M. Monopin hill bore S. by E. diflant ten leagues, having the appearance of a fmall ifland. It hilars S. by W. fror 1 the fcven iflanda, and is dillant from them fe. ven leagjcs, in the latitude of two deg. fouth. From the fevcn iflands wc fleered S. W. by S. and foon after faw the coaft of Sumatra, bearing from W. S. W. to W, by N. diflant fcven leagues, fii the evening wean. chored ; and on the 1 6th, at four A. M. we continued our courfc S. by E. till the peak of Monopin Hill bore cad,^ and Batacaratig Point, on the Sumatra fliorc S. W. in order to avoid a flioal called Frederick Hcndrick, which lies nearly midway between the Binca and Su- matra fliore. We then fleered E. S. E. and kept mid- channel, to fliun the banks of Pabmbam River, and iliar which lies off" the wellermoft point of Banca. When abreaff of Palambam River wc regularly flioaled our water, and when wc had paflcd it, wc deepened it again. We held on our courfc L. S. E. between the third and fourth points of Sumatra, v.hich are about ten leagues diffant from each other. The high land of Qucda Banca appeared over the third point of Sumatra, bear, ing E. S. E. From the third point to the Iccond, the courfe is S. E. by S. at the dillant of eleven leagues. The high land of Qucda Banca, and the fccond point of Sumatra bear E> NTE. and W. S. W. from each other. The ftrait is five leagues over, and the mid channel is twenty-four aflable forcfts, orby mountains, whofc heads feem to touch the clouds. Java produces a great variety of fruit: there are here cocoa trees in abundance; and in the plains is found a tree, whofc iVuit iscalledjamboos, the juice whereof is ufed by the na- tives as an infallible remedy againft the Hux, which often rages with great violence. The Indian forrel, which has no rcfemblancc to that in England, is eaten by the inhabitants in large quantities with their falads, and its leaves mixed with faw-duftof fandal wood is ufcd as a certain cure for the tooth-ach. Their fruits are, in ge- neral, verj' rich, particularly their pompions, t^ inlide of which are red, and tafte not unlike our cherries. With refpe^to their fliapc, they bear the neareft refem- blanceto an orange, but are of a much larger lize; a finglc one fonietimes weighing eight or ten pounds. This fruit, if left on the tree, continues in pertlcdion all the year round, and when gathered, will, with care, keep four or live months. We thought them fo excellent, that we broughr many of them to England. The mango fruit rifes from a white flower that grows on the fmall twigs of a tree, every way as large as our Englilh oaks. Pepprr and cotfce alfo grow in the country, and at a fmall diftance from Batavia are feveral plantations of fugar canet, from which is made a conliderable quantity of fugar. What is here called the Indian oak, is as durable as any that can be found in Europe, the wood being of fuch a conMcnce, as to be proof againft the worms, and, what is more, againft the mica, ulfich will giiaw a paflage through almoft every other fort of wood. The leaves of this 'ree boiled in water, till one half of them i« confumed, i among the mtives. No. 30. the general remedy againft plciirilxs. Jn ihorr wc were told, that almoft all lorts of garden (hiir thrive in Ba- tavia, and that thofe brought not only from Surat ana Peiiia, but from Europe, yield near that city a great in- crcaCe, fo that their kitchtn gardens produce peafe and beans, with roots and herbs fufticicn: for the conftimp- tionof the inhabitants: however rice is the only corn that grows in the ifland. The woods and forefts of Java abound with a prodigious variety of wild beafts, as rhinocerofes, tygers, foxes, buffaloes, apes, wild horres,jackals, aiid crocodiles. Their cows are nearly as large as ours in England, and have generally two o*^ three calves at a time : their ftieep arc alfo nearly of the lize of ours. They have likewile a pn>digious number of hutch have difcovered feveral excellent rhethods of preferving them, and not only make great quantities of mannalade for their own ufe, but fell it to the (liips that touch here for refre(hments. No country abounds with a greater variety of animals. Among the wild beafts arc the elephant, the rhinoceros, and the buflPalo, with lions, tygers, leopards, wolves, wild dogs, porcu- pinct, elks, harts, goats of various kinds, wild horfes, the zebra, and many others. Among the moft extraor- dinary of thcfe is a fmall animal, fomewhat larger than a fquirrel, with a head that has fbme refemblance to that of a bear. It is called a rattle-moufe, from its frequently making a rattling noife with its tail. This is neither very hairy, nor very long. Its back is of a liver colour, and its fides nearly olack. It purs like a cat, and lives for the moft part on trees, leaping like a fquirrel from one tree to another, feeding upon acorns, nuts, and the like. The feathered tribe are no lefs numerous ; forbefides many of thofe known in Europe, here are ollriches much larger than thofe we faw in the ftraits of Magellan, flamingoes, fpoon-bills, blue-birds, green-peaks, the long-tongue and many others. The tiainingo is larger than a fwan, and a very ftately bird. Both the head and neck are as white as (now, and the latter is confiderably longer than that of a fwan. The bill is very broad, and black at the point, and the reft of it of a deep blue. The upper part of the wing- feathers are of a flame colour, and the lower black; but the legs, which are much longer than thofe of a ftork, are of an orange colour, and tke feet refemble thofe of a goofc. Though th y live upon fi(b, their flefli is both wholefome, and well tafted. Thccrreen- peak is all over green, except two red fpots, one on its breaft, and another on its head, and is a very beautiful bird. It feeds on infeds, which it picks out of the bark of trees. The long-tongue is about the (ize of a bull-finch, and his tongue is not only very long, but faid to be as^hard as iron, and the end as (harp as the point of a nefidle ; this being a weapon given it by the author of nature for its prcfervatio^i. The feathers on the belly are yellow, and the reft fpeckled. At the Cape are alfo many forts of excellent fifh, a confidcrable number of which are common in Europe, and others peculiar to thefe feas. The reptiles and infeds are likewife extremely numerous, and among thefe are a varietv of fcrpents, fcorpions, and fome centipedes. Thus to counterbalance the advantage this country affords, from the abundance of ufeful animals, there are alio thrown into the fcalc many that are prejudicial and extremely dangerous; as if it was intended to (hew to man, that amidft the greateft bleffings and advantages beftowed on one of the moft enchanting fpots in the univcrfe, it was necelTary to mix a certain pro- piirtion of evil, to reduce it more to a level with thofc countries that are in fome refpeds lefs delirable. Both our fliip and the Tamar by this time had re- ceived a frefli fupply of wood, water, and all necelTary ftores, and being completely fitted for failing to our native country, on Thurfday the 6th of March, our Comnioilore took leave of the good old governor, and the next day we got under way, and failed with a fine breeze at S. E. On Sunday the i6th, at fix o'clock, A, M. we faw the rocks off the ifland of St. Helena, bearing W. by N. diftant about eight leagues j and at noon, in 8 deg. 16 min. fouth latitude, we obfcrved a ftrangc fail wnich hoiftcd French colours, but in the evening ran her out of fight. Wc purfued our courfc without any thing material occurring till the 20th, when we were alarmed by the ftiip's running foul of % whale or grampus, on which fhe ftruck her head, and then her hiijboard bow. This put the Commodore and officers in no fmall confternation, left the Dolphin fliould have fiiftcred from the violence of the fliock, as we were at that time running at the rate of fix knots an hour; however we found the ftiock, though a rude one, attended with no bad confcqucnce. We perceived the fea nvar the place where the ftiip ftruck, tinged •• ' w-itj>, 252 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complet with blood, by which we (upporcd the whale was killed, or at leall deeply wounded. On Tuefday the 25th, we eroded the equator, in longitude 17 deg. 10 min. and the next morning Captain Cumniing of the Tamar, made the flgnal tobring to, and came on board the Dol- phin to inform the Commodore, that the rudder braces were broke from the ftcm-poft, whereby the rudder was rendered intirely ufelcfs: upon which the Commodore (cnt his carpenter with afTtftants on board the Tamar, who went to work upon a machine after the model of that which had been fixed to the Ipfwich, and Grafton, each of which (hips, at dilfercnt times, fleered home from Louifbourg by the help of fuch a fubllitute for a rudder. This machine was completed in about iix days, and received fome improvements from the ingenuity of the conftrudor : but it was thought better to fend the Tamar to Antigua, in order to refit; accordingly on the I II of April, the Tamar parted company with the Dol- phin, fteering for the Caribbee iflands. In their paf- fage they found the difference of failing with the ma- chine, to be only about five miles in forty-e ght hours. After the departure of the Tamar, which was the firfl time of our being fcparated wholly from her flnce our leaving England, and in latitude 34 deg. north, longi- tude 3 5 dcg. weft, we had a mofl violent gale of wind, which drove us to the northward of the wcRi:m illands, and into latitude 48 deg. north, longitude 1 4 deg. weft. We came within two hundred leagues of the land, and fpokc w ith fevcral (hips lately from England, who gave us very erroneous accounts of the bearing of the coafl. We had now a (Irong eallerly wind, which lafle 1 fcveral days, and the weather appeared to us piercing cold, from our having been, during fo long a time, uled to a warm climate. However, we at lad had a favourable wind, and on Thurfday, the yihof May, faw the idand of Scilly. On the 9th, in the morning, we arrived in the Downs, where wemft anchor; having been nine weeks running from the Cape of Good Hope, nnd fomewhat more than two and twenty months in the cir. cumnavigation of the globe. Thus ended a voyage, originally planned by his Ma- jcfty, George the Third, and wMch producecl the dif. covcry of thofc iflands, that have lately engrolFed tJic attention of the public. We have endeavoured to defcribe them, and our courfes with accuracy, and with tnith and authenticity, that might jurtly be expc(5tcd from one who faw every thing of which we have given a dcfcrin. tion. By the afliftance of divine providence, and the tendcrneis of our excellent Commodore, in caufingthe crews to be fcrved with portable foup, and with the grcatcfl humanity dillribucing provifions to the fic|< from his own table, that dreadful difcafe the fcurvy waj rendered lefs inveterate and faul ; and we lofV, including thofc who were drowned, a very inconllderable number of men, a number fo inconfiderable, that it is highly probable, more of tbem would have died, in the courfc of a year, had they (laid on (hore. From our arrival at Spithcad. till our leaving the (hip in the river, no boats were f uffercd to come on board us, nor any anfwcn to be given to enquirers, with refpeift to who we were, or from what port we were come, fo that a variety of conjedurcs were formed as to our late voyage. After having u aited a few days, each man, according to the Sjromife of the Commodore, received double pay for his erviccj, and had an opportunity of enjoying thofe com- forts, w hich we, after an abfence of twenty-two months from our native country, might be fuppofcd ardently to w in> for. ■ A NEW, ACCURATE, GENUINE, and COMPLETE HISTORY of A VOYAGE Round the WORLD, ■),■-■: PERFORMED ; By Captain SAMUEL WALLIS, Efq. .In his MAJESTY'S Ship the DOLPHIN; Having under his Command the Swallow Sloop and Prince Frederic Store- Ship, of which Mr. CARTERET and Lieutenant BRINE were appointed Maflers: t-: !, UNDERTAKEN PARTICULARLY With a view to make Difcoveries in the SOUTH SEAS. Which remarkable circuit of the Globewas begun on Friday, the aand of August 1766, and completed on Friday the 20th of May 1768, containing a Period of 637 Days, and included in the Years 1766, 1767, and 1768. INTRODUCTION. NEVER was there perhaps colloScd together in any language, a more copious fund of rational enter- tainment than will be found in this comprchcnflvc and complete work, of which the prefcnt voyage is a part. To trace the progrcfs of the difcoveries that have fuc- ccirively been made, in pafiing round the globe, mufl fill the reader's mind with fuch tvarieryof new infor- rrution, as cannot fail to raife his wonder, and entertain him with inexprclTiblc delight. In the courfe of this \ioik he is fafcly conduced dirough regions that were once thought inacccfllble, and made acquainted with countries altogether difTerent from that wherein he dwells. Every page he reads will fumifh him with no- velties, and eve^ voyage will bring him nearer to that unknown country, in fearch of which fo many able commanders have been fcnt in vain. The difcovcry of the weflern continent by Columbus, gave ^eo«aphcrs reafbn to believe, that a like conunent exiftra (ome- where in the fouth. Without fuch an equipoife they could not conceire how the globe could prdervc its ba- lance. Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE — for making Difcdvci'les In the SobrkERN Ocean, &c. 253 lance. Magcllhaens, a Portugucfe mariner, was the (irft who attempted to immdrtaliaehis naincby thedltcovery. He parted the ftraits.that to this day bear his name, and entered the Pacific Ocean, where no Kuropean veliel had ever before failed. He difcovercd the Ladronc and Phil- lippine ides, and returned by the Cape of Good Hope, having furrounded the whole earth, and proved to de- nionltration, the fpherical figure of the globe. He was followed by navigators of different nations, who, emu- lous of his glory, fought to purfuc the track he had pointed out, with better fuccefsj but the dangers they encminttrcd, and the difafters they met with, rendered the ditliculties that attended the profecution infurmount- ablcj many pcriflied, and thofc who furvivcd were glad to return home after a fruitlefsfearch. The ill fuccefs wnich attended thefe firft attempts threw a damp upon the cnterprizc, and it remained long unnoticed, except in tht writings of the learned. Some French geogra- phers, fully pet-fuaded of the reality of fuch a continent, endeavoured, a few years ago, to revive in their coun- trvmen the fpirit of enterprize, with a view to derive honour to their country, by complcating the difcovcry; but the talleforuncommon navigations among the French fcenied intirely cxtindt, and it was not till the Dolphin and Tanur had failed from England that they thought of renewing it. At this time, as \rc have elfewhere obfcrved, our moft gracious Sovereign had formed the defign of diftin- guilhing himfcll by patronizing the profecution of new difcoveries in the unknown regions ot the louthcrn he- inifpherci and furely nothing can more endear alJritifh nionarrh to his mUritimc people, than a fteady perfe- veranec in this laudable rcfolution. The love of glory is a pallion natural to kings: the conquerors ot the worKI are placed before them as patterns, and they are enco.iraged by example to feck occalions for war to ac- quire a name. But how much more glorious is it to en- hrt'c the earth with a new region, than to triumph in thc'conqucll of fomc rival Hate! — to extend protedion to a remote, and it may hcadefencelels people, than to boaft of levelling fortrcfles, and by a general carnage of friends and foes, become mailer of a few dcfolated towns, purchafcd at an expence, a thoufand times greater than what is neccHary to infure the fuccefs of ot new difcoveries. Can there be any comparifon be- tween the glory of a fuccefsful enterprize, founded on the laudable motives of diffufing hippinefs through re- gions, whole inhabitants, for ought we know, arc yet immerfed in favanc darknefsj and that of engaging in a hazardouswar, by which millions of treafuremull be expended, and thoufands of lives facriliced? Is not the chance of fuccceding in the fu-ll cafe much more proba- ble than that of conquering in the other? And does not fuccefs in the difcovcry of the long fought region pro- mife much greater ad vantage to a trading nation, than the conquell of any part of the earth on this lide the globe ? Did not the little Phoenician ftatc reap more glo- rious harveft from the difcoveries of its merchants, than Alexander could boaft from all his conquells? Was it not the perfeverancc of the Princes Henry, John, and Emanuel, in fupporting the expcnccs of profccuting new difcoveries m the fifteenth century, that laid the foundation of the Portugucfe greatnefs, whofe territo- ries in Europe arc of no mconliderablc extent } But if the glory of aggrandizing a flatc, and perpetuating a name toporterity, be the firft objc ; aiiii foon after our confort, the Swallow, joined coiiipanv again. At ten o'clock the weft end of the ifland ot May, one of the Cape de Verd Idands, bore noitli, dif. tant five miles -, and at noon the fouth end of Sr, Jagobore S. W. by W. diftant four leagues. BctMccii thefe two places we found a current, fettmg to the foutli. ward, at the rate of 20 miles in 24 hours. At ncnr four o'clock, P. M. wc caft anchor in Port Praya, in com- pany with the Swallow, and Prinse Frederick, in tij^ht fathoms water, upon faiuiy ground. During the iiij^lu we had much rain and lightning. On the 25th, \»c obtained leave from the commanding officer at the Ibrt, to get water and other necelFaries. This being the fn kly fealonat this place, and the rains fo givat as toreiidrr it exceeding dillicult to get any thing down from tlic country to the ftiips ; the fniall-pox being alfo at this time epidemic ; the Captain detained every man on lioard who had not had that contagious dillcnipcr. However, we caught abundance of iilb, and pro. cured a l\!p[)!y of w ater, and fome cattle from the illiiui. We alfo found large quantities of wild purllain, whu h was very retrclhin:;, cither raw as a fallad, or l)oik\l id our broth w ith pcalc. On .Saturday tlie ;Sth. we put to fea, and at abour ;i\ o'clock, i'. .\1. the peak ot Terra i!tl l'ue);o loie W. N. W. dilUirit I 2 leagues. In the night wc law vny plainly the burning mountain. I'his day CajjCaiti Wallis ordered every man to be furiiillunl with honk and line, that he might liipply himlclf with filh ; and hkcwife to prevent infection, commanded that no in.iii Ihould keep his filh longer than 24 hour." ; iijr the C:\p. tain had obfervcd that not only ftale, but even druj filh, had tainted the internal air of the fliip, and made the people lickly. OnWediiefday the 1 ft of Odobcr, we loft the true trade wind, and had variable gales. We were now in latitude lodeg. 37 min. north. On the 3rd, wc louiiJ a current run S. by E. at the rate of lix fathoms an hour, and on the 7th, the Ihip was 19 miles fouthward ©♦her reckoning. On Monday the 20th, the crews of the three ftiips were ferved with oil, all the butter and cheefe being confunictl; and orders were illiii'd, th.it, during the remainder of the voyage, they Ihould he ferved w ith vinegar and inullard once a fortnight. On the 22nd wc judged we were within 60 degrees of land, from the fight of a proiligioiis number of fea-fbwis, among v/hich was a man ot war binl, Thi.s day we crolied the Equinotllial Line, in longitude 23 drg. 40 mm. weft from LiOndon. On Friday the 24tli, orucis were given for ferving our fliip'scompa«y with braml), and the wine was relervcd tor fuch as niight be li ;k. On the 27rti, the Prince Frederick fprang a leak, and her crew were at this timcfo (ickly, through the fatigue of pumping, and the badnefs of their proviliont, that Lieutenant Brine, her commander, was appiehenlive of not being able to keep company much longer, unlets tome alhltancc could be given him. The Captain therefore fent a carpenter and fix failors on boaul, bui had it not in his power to fupply her w ith better pio- vilions. As the carpenter found he could do little to- wards Hopping the leak, the Dolpliin and Swallow coni- plcated their provitions t'rum the llore ihip, and put on board her empty oil-jars, Haves and iron-hoops. On Saturday the 8th of November, wc were in latitude 25 deg. 52 min. fouth, and in 39 deg. 38 min. weft longitude from London ; and on the 9th, havit'g fecna great number of albairofl'es, wc founded with 180 fathoms of line, but had no ground. On the 12th, though the fummcr feafon in thefe cljmatcs, yet we found Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE — for making Dilcoveries in the Southern Ocean, 6c: ■ - • ■ ■■ ■ -' ■ ■ ■ 25 s /opnd the wca'her fo very cold, as to be obliged to have rccourfe to our thick jackets. On Wcdnefday the 19th, at eight o'clock, F. M. we faw a meteor ot a very ex- traordinary appearance, in the N. K. which flew oft' in an horizontal line to the S. W. with amazing rapidity : jt was near a minute in its prsgrcfs, and left behind it a train of light fo llrong, that the deck was not Icfs illu- minated than at noon day. On the 21ft, we were by obfcrvation in latitude 37 dcg. 40 min. fouth, and in ri dig. 24 mi"- well longitude from l.omlo.i. On the ::nd, we faw whales, feals, fnipes, plovers, and 1 ther birds i with a great number of butterflies. Our found- inns continued from 40 to 70 fathoms. On Monday the 8th of December, at fix o'clock, A. M. we dclcricd land, having the appearance of many fmall illands. At noon in latitude 47 deg. 16 min. louth, and in 64 dcg. 58 min. weft longitude, it bore from W. by S. to S. S. W. diftant eight le.igiies. ,\t ci^ht o'clock, P. M. the Tower RiKk, at Port Dcliic, bore S. W. by W. diftant about three leagues. At nine Fcnguin Illand bore S. W. by W. half \V. diltant two leagues, and on the 9th, the fame illand, at noon, in latitude 48 deg. 56 min. fouth, and in 65 dcg. 6 min., weft longitude, bore S. by E. diftant 19 leagues. \Vc remarked this day, that the fea appeared coloured by the vaft quantity of red flirimps that furroiinded the ihip. 1 he next day, at noon. Wood's Mount, near the entrance of St. Julian's, bore S. W. by W. diltant three or four leagues, and our foundings were iVoui 40 to 45 fathims. On the i ith, we obfcrved in LititiiUc 50 deg. 48 min. fouth, anti in 67 deg. 10 mm. wtft lon^^itude, when Penguin Iftand bore N. N. E. dillaiu 5> leagues. On Saturday the ijth, in latitude 50 (leg. ■)4 mill. l()Uth, longitude 68 deg. 1 5 min. well, we we. r "not more than two leagues dillant from the extreams of the land. We tiiund Cape Beachy Head, the no/therinoft cape, to lie in latitude 50 dcg. 16 min. fouth, and Cape Kairweather, the fouthcrmolt cajK-, in latitude 50 deg. 50 min. fouth. On the 14th, we were by obfervation in latitude 50 deg. 52 min. fouth, and in 68 deg. 10 min. weft longitude from London, at which time wc were fix leagues from the ftiore, and the extreanisof the land were from N. W. to W. S. W. Penguin Illand bore north 35 deg. eaft, diltant 68 L.igues. On the i 5th, at eight o'cUnk, the entrance of the river St. Croix bore S. W . half W. and the extreams ot the land S. by E. to N. by E. At eight o'clock, A. .\1. we were two leagues from the land. That o 1 the i.orth fliorc is high, and appears in three capes; hut on the fouth ftiore it is low and H.it. We h.id 20 fathoms quite crols the opening of the river, the dif- tancc from point to point being about fcven miles; and afterwards keeping at the diftance of about tour miles tioni each cape, we had from 22 to 24, fathoms. Cape l'airue::ther, at levtn in the evening, bore S. W. half S. diliunt t()ur leagues. Wc flood oft and on all night, a;ui h.id tioin jo to 11 fathoms water. On luclday the i6th, at noon, we obfcrved in lati- tiule 51 deg. 52 min. fouth, and in 68 deg. weft longi- likle. Ai one o'clock we were about two leagues from thi- llioie. At four. Cape Virgin Mary bore S. E. by S. diftant four leagues. At eight in the evening, wc weic\cry near the cape, and before nine anchored in a b\y clul'e under the fouth-lide of the cape, in 10 fathoms w:iti.r, bottom gravelly. Soon after the Swallow and Pi iiire Frederick came to an anchor between us and the cape, which bore N. by W. half W. and a low fandy point like Dungenefs S. by W, From the cape was a llioal, to the diftance oi about half a league, which may be eafily known by the weeds that are upon it. '1 his day we faw feveral men riding on the ftiore, who made figns for us to land. Accordingly the next day, being the 1 7tht Captain Wallis ordered the iignal for the boats belonging to the Swallow and Prince Frede- rick to come on board, and in the mean time wc hoifted out our own. Wc had obfcrved the natives to remain oppolUe the Dolphin all night, ftiouting aloud, and keeping up large fires. Our boats being all manned and armed, and having with us a party of marines, about fix o'clock wc reached the beach, the Captain 3 having left orders with the mailer to bring the fl\i|)'s ftde to bear upon the landing place, and to keep the guns b.ided with round ftwt. Caprain \^'allis with Mr. Cumming and feveral oflircrs now laniUd ; the mariius were then drawn up, anil the boats were brought to a grapliiij^r near the ftiore. The Captain having made figns fdi'tlie Indians to fit down, he dif- tributed amorig them combs, buttons, knives, ("ciftlus, beads, and other to\ s. The women were particularly |)lealed by a prefent of fomc ribbon';. He then in- timated that he fliould be gl.id to accept fomc guani- coes and oflrichcs, in exchange for bill-hooks and hatchets, which »ere produced, but they were either really or deligncdly ignorant of his inc;ining. Captain Wallis meafuri'd leveral of thofe Indian's; among whom the tallert was fix feet fevcn inches ; others were one and two inches ftiorter; but the general height was from five feet ten to fix feet. Tiiey are miifciilar and well made, but their hands and feet vcrv fmall in prop:)r- tJo.T to the reft of their bodies. They are clotlicd with the ikins of the giianico, ("e.ved togotlur into pieces about liv: feet long, an.l five wiiic: tliefcnie wrapped round the body, and faftened by a giiille, with the liairy-lidc inwards. The guanico is an animal, that in li/.e, make, and colour, refemhies a deer ; but it has a hump on its back, and no horns. Some of thefc pe i>lc wore a fquare piece of cloth, made of the hair of the guanjco, and a hole being cut to admit the head through, It reached down to the knjcs. Tiiev have alfo ,1 kiiulof bulkin from the middle oft he leg to the inftep, which is conveyed under the heel, but the reft of the feet is bare. Their ftrait and coarfe hair is tied back with a cotton firing; and their complexion is a dark copper, l.'oth theliorfes and do^s which w^ fiiw, were ot a Spanilh breed. The horfes appeared to be about 14 hands high. IJoth fexcs rode afiride ; but the men were turnillicd wiih wooden fpurs. .Some of thefe had their arms painted ; the laces of fomc were variouflv marked ; and others had the left c) e enciofed by a painted circle of a red colour. The eye-lids of all 'th>: young women were painted black. They had each a millile weapon of a lingular kind tucked into the gir- d';. It conlifted of two round ftones covered with leather, each weighing about a pound, and faftenej to the two ends ot a ftring about eight feet long. This i> uled as a lling, one Hone being kept in the hand, and the other whirled round the head, till it is fuppofed to have acquired lutlicient power, and then it is difcharged at the objei;t, or any mark they wilh to hit. 1 hey likewife catch guanicors and oftrichcs by means of this cord, whiih is thrown lb, that the weight twills round, and hampers the legs ot the intended prey. They are fo expeit at the nian.igement of this double-headed ftiot, as our Captain called it, that they will hit a mark, not bigger than a ftiilling, with both the ftones, at the diftance of 1 5 yards. '1 he language ol thefc people is quite unintelligible. '1 hey were inJeed often heard to repeat the woiel Ca-pi-ta-ne, on which they were fuc- ceilvely addrelfed in Portuguefe, Spanifii, Dutch, anu French; but they had no knowledge of either of tholi- languages. When they ftiook hands with any of the crew, they always laid chcvow ; and they were am.az- ingly ready at learning Flnglilh words, and pronouncing the fentence " Engliihmen come on ftiore, " w ith gre.u facility. During our ftay on ft-.oie wc faw them eat fomc of their flefti meat raw, particularly the p.iunch of anoftrich, without any other preparation or cleaning than jurt turning it infide out, and Ihaking it. We obfcrved among them feveral beads, fuch as wc gave them, and t\»io pieces of red baize, w hich wc fuppofed had been left there, or in the neighbouring country, by Commodore Byron. One man among them had a large pair of fuch fpurs as arc worn in Spain, brafs ftirrup.s, and a Spantlh fcinietcr, without a fcabbaid ; but notwithllanding thefe diftindions. he did not ap- pear to have any authority over the reft. The women had no fpurs. As above 100 of the natives feeined de-. fiious to vilit the ftiip, Captain Wallis took eight of them ints the boats. Thele jumped in with the joy and alacrity of children going to a ft.ir, and having no iotention fl;6 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD C o m p i f t e. intention of mifchicf againft us, had not the Icaft fufpi- tion that wc in'tcndcil any niifchid" againft them. In the boat thcyfung fevcral of their :oiintry fongs.cxprcf- live of their joy ; but when they came into the Ihip, they exprcfll'd no kind of furpri/.e, which the multipli- city of objciits, to them equally ftrangc and novel, that at once prefcnted thcmfilves, might be fuppofed to excite. When introduced into the cabbin, they looked about with a Itupid inditfcrcnce, till a looking-glafs, \\ hich drew their attention, atlbrded them and ui much d i verfion ; they ad vanccd, retreated , and play ed a thoufand antic tricksbeforeit, talkingwith earne(biefs,and laugh- ing immoderately. For their cntertaihmcnt.wefurnilhcd a table with beef, ix)rk, bifcuit, and other articles of the fliip'sprovifions: they eat whatever was let before them, but would drink nothing but water. When they were condudcd to fee the (hip, they looked, with much atten- tion, at the animals we had on board as live ftock : they examined the hogs and (litep, and were delighted txiecdingly with the Guinea hens and turkeys. One of them miking ligns that he Ihould be glad of fomc cltt.uhs, the Captain gave him a pair of Hioes and buckles, and prefcnted the red with a little bag each, in which he put new lix-pemes and half-pence, with a ribband palfcd through a hole in them, to hang round their necks : the remaining contents of the bag were, a looking-glafs, a comb, fome beads, a knife, a pair of fciUars, twine, and a few llips of cloth. We otfered them fome leaves of tobacco, rolled up into what are called feg;irs, and they fmoaked a few moments, but did not fecm to like it. The marines being exercifed before them, they feemed terrified at the tiring of the mufijucts ; and one of them, falling down, Ihut his CVC5, and lay motionlefs, as if to intimate, that he knew the dellrucHve nature of thofe fire-arms, and their fatal crt'eds. The rell feeing our peo|ilc merry, and finding thcmfelvcs unhurt, foon refumed their cheerfulnefs, and heard the fecond and third volley fired without much emotion ; but the old man continued proftratc upm the deck fome tinie, and never recovered his fpirits till the firing was over. It was with much diiticulty wc got rid of thefc inoflenfive viliters. At noon, the tide being out. Captain Wallis gave them to underftand by ligns, that the Ihip was proceeding farther, and that they murt return on ihoie: this «e fiK)n perceived they were unwilling to do ; however, all except the old man, and one more, were got into the Iwat ; but thefe flop- ped at the gangway, where the old man turned about, and went aft to the companion ladder : here he IIixkI fome time without fpeaking a word : he now uttered what we fupix)ftd to be a prayer; for he many times Iittcd up his h.mda and eyes u- the heavens, and fpokc in a iiianiKr and tone very dirt'erent from what we had cbfervid in the conveifation of his countrymen. His jiiaifo:! fecmcd to be rather fung than faid, and wc tinind it imjioirible to dilhnguiih one word from ano- ther. When the Captain intimated that it was time for him to go into the boat, he looked up at the fun, then moved his hand round to the wcllern hori/on, paufcd, laughed, and pointed to the fliore, by which actions, we eafily undcrftocnl, that he petitioned to ttay on board till evening : and wc took no little pains to convince him, that we could not continue fo long upon that part of the coaft. At length, however, wc prevailed upon him to go over the (hip's fide with his companion, and as foon as the boat put off, they all began to fing, not ceafing till they reached the Ihore, where many of their companions prcifed eagerly to be taken into the boat, and were highly affronted at being rcfufed. Be- fore our departure we founded the fhoal, that runs out from the point, and found it about three miles broad from N. to S. and to avoid the fame it is neccHary to keep four miles off the Cape, in 1 3 fathoms water. The ligual was now made for weighing, and at the fame time the Swallow received orders to lead, and the Prince I'redtrick to bring up the rear. The wind being againll us, and blowing frelh, we turned into the Strait of Magellan, wiili the Hood tide, between Cape Virgin Mary and the S.uuly Point that refembles Dungenefs. At the dillancc of two Ic.igucs, weft of Uungcncfs, wc 4 fell in with a llioal, upon which, at half floixl, wc- had but feven fathoms water. Uetween eight aiul nine o'clock in the evening, we came to an amiuir, oik- league from the (liore, in 20 fathom, with a niuiMr bottom: Cape Virgin Mary bearing N. K. by K. half K. Point Pollillion W. half S. diflant five Icaguev When abrcalt of the Sandy Point, wc faw many people on horfcback hunting the guanicoes, which ran up the country w ith prodigious fwiftnefs. The natives lighicd fires oppolitc the fliips, and about 400 of thcni, with their horfes feeding near them, were obferved cncainpicl in a fine green valley. The guanicoes were piufiicil by the hunters, with flings in their hands ready fcir the cart ; but not one of tnem was taken while thiv were within the reach of our light, 'fhis being the Ij .,t where Coinmotlore IJyron faw the Patagoniaiis, on the 1 8th, a party with fomc olHccis were lent towauii the fliore, but with orders not to land, as the fliips v\ere too far off to affifl them in cafe of neceflity. When they came near the land, many of the natives tlo.keJ to fee them, among whom were women and chikiivn, and fome of the very men we had fcen in the iiioriiiii); of the preceding day. Thefe waded towaid.i the Ixu;' frequently calling out, " Kngliflimen come on Ihorc," and wet;e with diHiculty fell rained from getting ip.to lie boat, when they fount! our people would not l.in.l. Some bread, tobacCo, and toys wcrediflributid :>r.ionj; them, but not an article of pmvilions could be o\u tained in return. Wc had got under fail about lit o'clock, A. M. and at noon there being little wiivl, .inJ the ebb running with great liirce, the Swallow, whc waj a-head, made the lignal and lamc to an iMKhor; upon which we did the fame, and fo did the llore-fliip which w as a-flcrn. On Kriilay the I9ih, at fix o'clock, A. M. wc weighed, the Swallow being a-head, and at noon wc anchored in Pulfeihon Hay, having 12 faihoms w.itir, bottom a clean find. Point Poirtflion bore cafl dillant three leagues : the Affcs Kars wefl; and the cntniii. c of the Narrow sS. W. half W. Upon the aoiin we Uvi a great number of Indians, and at night, large fires on the fliore of Terra del Fuego. I>om this day to the 22nd, wc made but little way, having flrong gales and heavy fcas. W!e now anchored in 1 8 fathoms, iiuiiKly bottom. The Affcs Flars bore N. W. by W. halt \V. Point Poffeflion N. I", by F. and the point of the Nar- rows, on the fouth-'jde, S. S. W. dill.-int nearly four leagues. In this lituation, wc found, by obfervation, our latitude to be 5? deg. 30 niin. (ijuth, and our lonj^i- tudc 70 deg. 20 min well. On the 23rd, we got iniJcr way and made fail, but the tide was fo flrong, that the Swallow was fetone way, the Dolphin another, aiui the Prince Fretlcrick a third. We had a frefli bne'e, nevcrthelefs not one of the vellels would anfuer her helm. However we entered the firll narrow ; and .11 lix o'clock in the evening, wc anchoreil on the fouth- fliore, the Swallow on the north, and the llore-fliip not a cable's length from a fand-bank, about two iniles 10 the cartward. The fliait lure is only a lc.i;',iic wide, and, at midnight, the tidelicing Hack, wc weighed .iiiJ towed the lhip*thnnigh. On Wediufday the 14th, wc fleered from the lirfl narrow to the fecond, S. \V. uiiJ, at eight, A. M. we anchored two leagues from the Pion, CajTC Ciregoiv bearing W. half N. and Swecpllakii Foreland S. VV. hall W. On Thiirfdiy the zah. \h> failed through the fecond nariow. In oiii rimihtuii^h this part oftheflrait we had 12 tathoms within halt a mile of the fliore. At livco'chnk in the evening, the Dolphin fuddenly flioalcd from 17 to 5 fathoms, S:. Bartholomew's Ilia nd then bearing S. half W. dilbint four miles, and Fli/.abeth's Illand, S. S. W. half W.'' diftant lix miles. The weather being t.-mpefluous and rainy, at eight o'clock in the evening, we cart anchor under FIli7.abcth's Ifland ; whereon wc found grt.it quantities of wild celery, which lieing boiled with portable foup and whtat, the crews l)reakfalUd on it every morning for fcveral days. On this ifland we ob- ferved fevcral huts, and places where tires had been re- cently made, but none of the natives. Wc alio faw two dogs, and fredi fliclls of inufcles and bmpers fcat- tcrcd Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE — for making Difcovcries in theSouTitrRN Oc-an.^'c. 257 terf<< alv>ut> ^he wigwamj conliftcd of younj; trees, which, l>eing fliarpcncd at one cinl, ami thnill into the irro'.mcl, in fuch a manner an to form a circle, the other fnds were brogj?ht to meet, and fattened ioj^;ethcr at the top. Wc lliw likewifc many high mountains, w hich, though the midftof fummcr in this part of the wortil, had their fummit< covered with fnow ; but about three parts oftheir height they were covered with wood, and gbove with herbage, except where the fnow was not yet melted. On Friday the 26th, at two o'clock, A. M. wc weighed; and at five, being midway between I'lli- zabcth's Illand, and St. George's, we ftruck the ground, but the next cart had no bottom with 20 fathoms. I'hc Prince Frederick, who was about half a league to the fouthward of us, had for a confidcrable time not fevcn fathoms: the Swallow which was two or three miles to the fouthward had deep water, for (he kept near St. George's Ifland. We think it is fafcft to run down from the north-end of Elizabeth's Illand, about two or three miles from ihc lliorc, and fo on all the way to Port Famine. At noon, being three miles from the north- llwrc, wc found bv obfcrvationour latitude to be < ) dcg. 12 niin. fouth, longitude 71 deg. 20 min. welt, from l^ndon. About lour o'clock, wc anchored in Port Famine Bay, and with all the boats out, towed in the Swallow and Storc-fliip. On the 27th, the lick were fent on fhore, where a tent was erected for their recep- tion, as was another for the accommodation of the fail-makers, and thofc who landed to get wood. This day, the weather being fqually, we warped the fliip far- ther into the harbour, and moored her with a cable each way in nine fathoms. Cape St. Anne now liore N. F.. by v.. diftant one mile, and Sedger River S. half W. On Sunday the 28th, all the fails were unbent and fent on lliorc to be repaired ; the empty calks were alfo landed, with the coopers to trim them, and ten men to wall) and fill them. Wc alfo hauled the feine, and «aii<;ht plenty of filh refembling mullets, but the flclh was very fott j and among others were fmclts, fome of which weighed a pound and a half, and were 20 inches long. Indeed all the time of our flay at this place, we caught filh enough to furnifli one meal a day both for the lick and the healthy : we gathered alfo great plenty of celery, and pea-tops, which were boiled with the peal'e and portable foup : befidcs thefc we found fruit that rcfcmblcs cranberries, and the leaves of a flirub fomewhat like our thorn, which were remarkably four. I^hcn wc arrived here, many of our people had the fcurvytoa great degree; but by the plentiful ufc of vegetables, and bathmg in the (ea, within a fortnight there was not a fcorbutic perfon in either of the lliips. 'I'heir recovery alfo was greatly promoted by the land air, and by being obliged towalh their apparel, and keep their |)crfons clean. All hands were now employed in repairing the ihip and making her ready for the fea. io this end the tbrge was fet up on ihorc ; and in the meantime a conlkltrable quantity of wood was cut, and put on board the ftore-lhip ; and thoufands of young trees were carefully taken up with the mould about them, to be carried to Falkland's 1 Hands, which pro- duce no timber. The Prince Frederick received orders to deliver thefc to the commanding officer at Port Egmont, and to fail to that place with the firll fair wind. A D "767 ^" Wcdnefday the 1 4th of January, the ■ ■ ' ' ' mailer of the cutler, which was victualed for a week, was fent to look out for anchoring places on the north-lhorc of the llrait ; and this day we got all our people and tents on board, having taken in 75 tons of water, and 12 months of provifions for ourfelves, and ten months for the Swallow, from on board the ftore-fliip. Oil the 1 7th, the mailer of our cutter re- turned with an account, that he had found anchoring places ; and this day the Prince Frederick failed for Falkland's Ifiaiids. I'hc matter reported, that between where wc lay and Cape I orward, he had been on ihore at four places, where was good anchorage, and plenty of wood and water clofo to the beach, with abundance of cranberries and wild celery : that he had alfofcena great numtj^r of currant bulhes full of thiit, and a variety of b.autifu! Ilirubs in full bl iFom, hclides great plenty of winter's bark, a grateful fpicc, which we have already particularly dcfcri bed. On Sunday the i8th, at five o'clock, A. M. wc failed j and at noon, obfurvcd in latitude 54 deg. ;j min. fouih; here wc found the ttrait to be two leagues wide. On the 19th, wc came to an anchor, half a mile from the fliorc, near Cape Holland, oppofite a current of frefli water, that falls rapidly from the mountains. Cape Holland bore W. S. W. half W. dillant two miles; Cape For\vard eatt ; and by obfcrvation our latitude was 53 dcg. {8 min. fouth. Asa more convenient anchoring place, and better adapted for procuring wood and water, had been tlifcovcrcd, wc made fail on the 22nd, and at nine in the evening, being about two miles diftant from the fliorc, Cape Gallant bore W. halfN. diftant two leagues : Cape Holland Ji. by N. fix leagufi ; and Ru- pert's Illand W. S. W. At this place the (Irait is not more tlian live miles over. On Friday the 2 )id, wc came to an anchor in a bay near Cape Gallant, in 10 fathoms water, a muddy bot- tom. The boats being Cent out to found found good anchorage every where, except w ithin two cables length S. W. of the fliip, where it was coral, and deepened to 16 fathoms. In this litiiation the call point of Cape Gallant bore S. W. by W. one fourth W. the extreme point of the caftcrmott land F. by S. a point making the mouth of a river N. by W. and the white patch on Charles's Illand S. W. We now cxamincil the bay and a large lagwin. The latt was the mott commodious harbotir we had yet fccn, having five fathom at the entrance, and four to five in the middle. It is capable of receiving a great number of velfcls, had three large frelh water rivers, and plenty of wood and cckry. Wc had here a feinc fpoiled, by being entangled with the w(X)d that lies funk at the mouth of the rivers; but though wc caught not much ftlli, wc had wild ducks in fuch numbers as to afford us a very feafonable re- lief. Near this place are very high mountains, one of which was climbed by the matter of our cutter, with the hope of getting a view of the South Sea ; bur, being difappointed in his expedation, he erected a pyramid, and having written the ftiip'snamc, and the date of the year, he left the fame, with a ihilling, within the ttruc- turc. On the 24th, in the morning, wc examined Cordes Bay, which we found much inferior to that in which the fliips lay, the entrance being rocky, and the ground within it foul. It had, it is true, a more fpacious lagoon, but the mouth of it was very narrow, and barred by a flioal, whereon was not fuf- licicnt depth of water for a lliip of burden to float. Her« we law an animal that rcfcmblcd an afs j as fwifc as a deer, and had a cloven hoof. This was the fiill animal we had feen in this ttrait, except at the entrance, where we found the guanicocs, and two dogs. The circumjacent country has a dreary and forbidding afpcfl. The mountains on both fides are of a ftupcnd- ous height; whofe lower parts are covered with trees, above w hich a fpace is occupied by w cathered ttirubs ; higher up arc fragments of broken rocks and heaps af fnow ; and the tops are totally rude, naked, and defolatc. To fee their fummits towering above the clouds in vaft crags, that arc piled upon each other, affords to a fpcc- tator the idea, that they arc the ruins of nature, devoted to cverlafting fterility and defolation. This day we founded about the Royal Iflands, but found no bottom; wherever we came to an opening, we found a rapid tide fet through ; and they cannot be approached by ttiip- ping without the mott imminent danger. And here, for the information of future navigators, we would ob- ferve, that in a run through this part of the ttrait, they ihould keep the north-ftiore clofc on board all the way, and not venture more than a mile from it till the Royal iflands are palled. Through the whole day the cur- rent fcts eattcrly, and the indraught fliould by all means be avoided. On Tuefday the 27th, wc weighed with all expedi- tion, and departed from Cape Gallant Road, which lies in 53 deg. jo min. fouth latitude. At noon on the 28th, the weft-point bore W. N. W. half a mile dif- 3 T , tanu ^V^ ^•'>^' 258 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. lant. At two o'clock, the weft point bore eaft, diftant three leagues, and York Point W. N. W. diftant five leagues. At five, we opened York Road, the point bearing N. W. diftant half a milci at which time the Dolphin was taken a-back, and a ftrong current with a heavy fquail ilrovc us fo far to leeward, that it was with great dilRculty we got into Elizabeth's Bay, and an- chored in 1 2 futhoms water, near a river. The Swallow being at anchor oft' the point of the bay, and very near the rocks. Captain Wallis ordered out all the boats with anchors and haulers to her alTiftancc, and (he was haj)- pily warped to windward into good anchorage. At this time York Point bore W. by N. A ftioal with weeds upon it, at the diftance of a cable's length, W. N. W. Point Pallagc S. K. half E. diftant half a mile ; a rock near Ruperts Ille S. half E. and a rivulet on the bay N. E. by E. diftant about three cables length. Having this day at fun-fet feen a great fmokc on the fouthern (liore, and on Prince Rupert's Iftand, early in the morning of the 29th, the boats were fcnt on ftiorc for water. Our people had no fiwner lanili'd, than feveral of the natives came oft" to them in three canoes ; and having advanced towards the failors, made ligns of friendftiip, which being anfwered to their fatisfadtion, they hall(X)ed, and our men thouted in return. When the Indians drew near th y were eating the flerti ot Icals raw, and were covered with the Ikins, w hich ftauk intolerabl)-. They had bows, arrows, and javelins, the two laft of w Hich were pointed with flint. Thefe peo- ple were of a middling ftature, the talleft of them not exceeding live feet lix inches. Their complexion was of a deep copper colour. Three of them being ad- mitted on l)i)ard the Dolphin, they devoured whatever food \ui.s olfered them j but like the Patagonians would only drink water: like them too, they were highly di- verted with a looking glafs, in which they at lirll ftared with aftonilliment j but having become a little more tiiniiliar with it, they fmiled at its eftect ; and \w ' a correlponding fmile from the image in the glafs, .y burft into immotleratc (its of laughter. The Captain going on fliore with them, prefented fome trinkets to their wives anil children, and received in return fome of their weap<)ns, and pieces of mundic, of the kind found in the tin mines of Cornwall. The fails of the canoes belonping to thefe Indians were made of the feal Ikin. lo kindle a fire they ftrikc a pebble againft a piece of tnundic, holding under it, to catch the (parks, (bmcmofs or down, mixed with a whitifli earth, which takes lire like tinder: they then take fome dry crafs, and putting the lighted mofs into it, wave it to and fro, and in a minute it blazes. When they left us, they fteertd for the fouthern fliorc, where wc faw many of their huts ; and we remarked, that not one of ihcm looked iK-hind, either at us or the ftiip, fo little im- prellion had the curiofities they had feen made upon their minds. As this feems to be the moft dreary and inhofpitable country in the world, not excepting the worft parts of Sweden and Norway, fo the natives fecm to be the loweft and moft deplorable of all human be- ings. Their perfect indifference to every thing they faw, which marked the difparity between our ftatc and their own, though it may prefervc them from the regret and anguifli of unfatislied de(ires, feems, notwithftand- ing, to imply a deled in their nature; for thofe who jkre fatisfitd with the gratifications of a brute, can have little pretenfion to the prerogatives of men. Thefe Indians when they gave to the gentlemen of our (hip feveral pieces of mundic, intimated, that this fubftance was found in the mountains, and Captain Wallis is of opinion, that not only mines of tin, but more valuable metals are fubfifting there. On Tuefday the 3rd of February, wc weighed, and, in a fudden fquail, were taken a-back, fo that both ftiips were in the moft imminent danger of being driven alhorc on a reef of rocks ; the wind, however, fuddenly fhifting, we got off without much damage. At five o'clock, P. M. we anchored in York Road, Cape Quod now bore W. half S, diftant fix leagues ; York Point E. .S. E. diftant one mile; Bachelor's River N. N. W. three fourths of a mile ; the entrance of Jcrom's Sound 2 N. W. by W. and a fmall ifland, on the fouth fliorf, W. by .S. In the evening we faw five Indian canoes come out of Bachelor's River, and go up Jerom's Sound. Having fent out the boats, in the morning of the 4th, we were informed on their return, that there was i^ood anchorage within Jerom's Sound, and all thewaythiihct from the fliip's (tation; as likewife at feveral places under the iftands on the fouth-lhore 1 but the force and uncertainty of the tides, and the heavv gufts of wind that came olV the high lands, rendered thefe fituations unfafe. Ihisday Captain Wallis went up Bachelor's Ri\cr, ,ind found a bar at the mouth of it, which, at certain tinic« of the tide muft be dangerous. We hauled the fcinc, but the weeds and (lumps of trees prevented our catch. ing any filli. When aftiore, we faw many wigwams, and feveral dogs, which animals ran away the moment they were noticed. We gathered mufcles, lini[x.t3, fea-eggs, celery, and nettles in abun.lance. Wc alfo faw lome oftriches, but they were beyond the reach of our pieces. Three miles up the river, on the wcft-liJc, between two mountains of a ftupendous height, one of which has received the name of Mount Nfifery, is a catarad, which has a very ftriking appearance. It is precipitated down an elevation of above 400 yards j half way over a very fteep declivity, and the other half i,< a perpendicular (all : the found of which is not lefs awtiil than the light. On Saturday the i+th, at ten o'clock, A. M. we weighed, foon after the current let the IJnp towards Bachelor's River: we put her in ftays, and while ftie was coming about, which (he was fome time in doing, wc drove over a flioal, where we had little more than I () feet water, with rocky ground. Our danger was great, for the Dolphin drew 16 feet nine inches alt, and 1 5 feet o.ne inch forward j but when the Ihip gathered way, we fortunately deepened into three lathomsi and m a very (hort time, we got into deep water. Wc continued plying to windward till four o'clock, P. M. when perceiving we had loft ground, we returned to our laft ftation, and again came to an anchor in York Road. On Tuefday the 17th, at five o'clock. A, M. we let (ail, but notw'ithftanding we had a fine breeze at well, the lliip was carried by a current with great violence, tow.iuls the fouth ftiore: tlje boats were all towing a-head, the fails unfilled, yet we drove (b clofc to the rocks, that we were feidoiii farther than a fliip's length from them, and the oars of the boats were frequently entangled in the weeds. In this manner we were hur- ried along for near an hour, in momentary expectation of being dallied to pieces. .\11 our efforts l>cing in- ert'eclual, we refigned «)urfelves to our fate, and waited the event in a ftate of fufpence very little ftiort of del- pair, but Providence interpofed for our prefcrvation ; for at length we opened St. David's .Sound, when, con- trary to our expectations, a current ruftied out of it, and fet us into mid-channel. The Swallow knew nothing of our unhappy fituation, being all the time on the noith Hiore. We now fent our boats in fearch of an anchoring place, and our jieople returned with the agreeable intelligence, that they had found a convenient one in a fmall Bay, to w hich the Captain gave the name of Butler's Bay, it having been difcovercd by Mr. Butler, one of our mates. We ran in with the tide which fet fall to the weftward, and anchored in 16 fathoms water j but the Swallow call anchor in Illand Bay, at about fix miles diftance. Butler's Bay lies to the weft of Rider's, on the fputh-fliore of. the ftrait, which is here about two miles w ide. The extreaius ot the bay from W. by N. to N. half W. arc about one fourth of a mileafundcr. A fmall rivulet bore S. half W. and Cape Quod north, at the diftance of four miles. We kept this ftation till Friday the 20th, when we encountered a moft violent ftorm, attended with hail and rain, which increafed till the evening, the fea breaking over the fore-caftle upon the quarter- deck. Wcmade ufe of every expedient in our power to keep the fliip fteady, and as the cables did not part, wc were again wonderfully preferved, which, con- lidering the narrownefs of the ftrait, and the fmall ncfs of the bay in which wc were ftationcd, might in the judgment Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE— for making Diftovcrics in the Southern OceAn, &c. 259 iudcment of human uildorn be thought inipoHiblc: lor had the cables parted, wc could not have run out lyjih 2 fail, and not having room to bring the (hip up with any other anchor, wc muft without divine aid nave beendalhed to piece* in a few minute* ; and under fuch circumftances it is highly probable, that every foul would immediately have periflicd. By eight o'clock in the evening the gale becanv." more moderate, and gradually dccrcafed during the night. On the nil, we had the fatistkdion to (ind that our cable was found, but our haufcrs were much rubbed by the rocks. /\a to the Swallow, the ftorm had little alfeiited her i but two days before fhe had very near been loll by the ra- pidity of the tide, in puftiing through the illands. An jltcration had been made in her rudder, neverthelefs Ihc Uicrcd and worked lb ill, that it was apprehended Ihe could not fafcly be brought to an anchor again. Her commander was of opinion, that (he could be of very little A 'vice to the expedition, and therefore re- qucllcd of Captain Wallis to direiil what he thought bid liir the fervice. The captain returned for anfwcr, «' I'hat as the Lords of the Admiralty had apjxjinted her to accompany the Dolphin, Hie mull continue to do II as long .IS it was poflible; that as her condition ren- dered hira bad failcr, he would wait her rime, and at- tend her motions; and that if any difadcr ihouldha|ipcn to cither of us, the other fliould be ready to atlord Inch allillance as might be in her power. ' In thislwy we remained eight days, taking in wood and water, and repairing the little damage wc had fullained in the late llonii. We caught filh ot various kinds, among which were miifcles near fix inches long; alfo a fine tirm red fidi, not unlike a gurncr, moll of which were from four to five pounds weight. The mountains in this ni'igbliourhood have a mod rugged and dcfolate ap- jKarancc j but their height could not lie afccrtained, their he.ids being loft in the clouds ; and fome of them, on the fouthcrn fhoic, were fo naked, as not to have u|)on them a fingle blade of grafs. Our mailer having been fcnt out in fcarch of anchorage, landed upon a large illand on the north-lide of Snow Sound, and being almoll perilhed with cold, the firll thing he did was to make a large fire with fome trees w hich he found upon the fpot. He then climbed one of the rocky mountains with Mr. Pickerlgill a midlliipman, and one of the fcamcn, in order to take a view of the 11 rait, and the difmal regions that furround it. He obfervcd the entrance of the found to be full as broad as feveral parts of the llrait, and to grow but very little narrower on Terra del Fuego fide. The country on the fouth, he faid, was more dreary and horrid than any he had yet feen : the mountiins hid their heads in the clouds; while the valleys were equally barren, being intirely covered with fnow, except whtre it had been walhed away, or converted into ice ; and even thefe bald patches were as dcAitute of verdure as the n>:ks between which they lay. Sunday the 1 ft of March, at four o'clock, A. M. our eonipanion, the Swallow, was fccn under fail, on the north rtiore of Cape Quod. At feven wc fct fail, and flood out of Butler's Bay ; and at noon fcnt the boats to fcek for anchorage on the north lliorc. Ctpc Notch now bore W. by N. half N. diftant four leagues, and Cape Quod E. half N. diftant three leagues. At tliicc o'clock, P. M. wc anchored in a fniali bay, which we named Lion's Cove, on account of a fteep rocky mountain, the top w hereof rcfembles the head of 1 lion. On the 2nd, wc made fail again, and at five in the evening came to anchor in Good Luck Bay, in 28 fathoms water. A rocky illand, at the wellcrn cxtrc- mitf of the bay, bore N. W. by W. about a cable's length and a half from the Dolphin ; and a low point which forms the eaftern extremity of the bay, bore li. S. E. diftant one mile. In the interval between this [wint and the ftiip arc many flioals ; and two rocks at the bottom of the bay, the largeft of which bore N. E. by N. the fmalleft N. by E. From thefe rocks, Ihoals run out to the S. E. which may be knOwn by the weeds that are upon them. Cape Notch bore from us W. byS. half W, diftant one league. In the interme- diate ipace is a large laj^oon, but, tin wind blowing hard all the time ofour laving here, we could not found it. 1 lav ing moored, v«c lent two boats to alfill the Swallow, by which llic was towed into a Iniall bay, where, as the wind was foiithcrly, and blew frefli, (he was in great danger, for the cove was cxpofed to S. E. winds, and was alfo full of rocks, On the four following days wc encountered fuch terrible weather, that wc had no other profpcct before us than that of immediate def- truCtion: and ourfeamen were fo prcpod'eUbd with the notion, that the Swallow could not ndc our the llorm, that they even imagined they faw k,t\\r of her hands coming over the rocks tovv.irds them. The llorm at length lublidcd, and the ^Ac became more moderate oi» Saturday the 7th j we therefore nt four o'clock, A. M. fent a boat to enc|uirc after the Swallow, who in the afternoon returned with the wckomc news that the (hip was fate ; but the fatigue of the people had been in- credible, the whole crew having been upon the deck near three days and three nights. The gufts rcturnccl at midnight, though not with cc]ual violence, but at- tended with hail, llect, and fnow. On the 8th, Captain Wallis ordered up, the weather being extremely cold, and the crews never dry, 1 1 bales ol the thick woollen ftull, called fcar-nouglit, and employed all the taylors to make them into jackets, of which every man in the Dolphin had one. Seven bales of the fame cloth were alio fent on board the Swallow, v^hich made every man on board a jacket of the fame kind. Three bales of finer cloth were cut up (or the ollicers of both (liips, which were very acceptable. On Sunday the 15th, feeing the Swallow under fail, we fcnt olf our launch, whereby (lie was ,,nvrd into a very good harbour on the fouth (hore, oiipolitc to w here wc lay. The favourable .iccount we received of this harbour determined us to depart (roiii (;ood Luck Bay, and we thought oiirfelves happy when we got fall- out of it. When abrcaft of the place where the Swallow lay at anchor, we (ircd feveral guns, as lignais (or her boats toalllft us, and in a ftiort time the ma(lcr came on board, and piloted us to a very commodious nation, where we call anchor in 28 fathoms, bottom muddy. This bay. which we called Swallow I larbour, is llieltered from all winds, and excellent in every rcfpecl. There arc two narrow channels into it, but neither of them dangerous. On Mond;iy the 1 6th, at nine o'clock, A. M. wc v\eighed, and took the Swallow in tow. At five, P. M. being little wind, we caft her off. At nine we had" frelli rales, and at midnight Cape Upright borcS. S. W. half W. On the 17th, by the advice of Captain Car- teret, we bore away for Upright Bay, and, he being ac- quainted with the place, the Swallow was ordered to lead. At eleven o'clock wc opened a large lagoon, and by means of a current, which fet ftronglv into it,' the Swallow was driven among the breakers tlofe upon the Ice-lhore: Ihc made lignais of Jiilrefs, and notwith- llanding the weather was hazy, and the furf ran high, our boats took her in tow, but their utmoft ellorts to fave her would have been in vain, had not a breeze from the Ihore happily relieved her. At noon a great fwell came on, the waves ran high, and the fog was fo thick, that we narrowly efcapc I (hipwreck, in what wc conjcdured to be, the Bay of Illands ; we therefore endeavoured to haul out, as the only chance of efcaping ; this we (bund no eafy talk, being obliged to tack con- tinually, to weather Ibme illand or rock; but at four o'clock, P. M. the weather clearing up a little, we had a light of Cape Upright, for which wc immediately (leered, and between live and fix came fafcly to an anchor in the bay, in 46 fathoms, with a muddy bottom^ A high blurt" land on the north-(hore bore N. W. half N. diftant five leagues, and a fmall ifland within us S. by E. half E. The Swallow, who was driven to lee-ward, notwithllanding Ihc had two anchors a-head. was brought up about a cable's length aftem of us, iti 70 fathoms water. To clear her anchors, for which purpofc we fent a ronfiderablc number of our hands, and to warp her into a proper birth, coft us the whole day, and was not only a work of time, but of the uCmoft difficuky and labour. On the 1 8th, wc fcnt out boat* 36o VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Compibti. a b(«t» to found quite crofs the flrait, and this day wo moored the lliip \i\ 7S ththniiH, with the (treum anchor. On the 19th, two canoes, having in them fcvcral In- diani, came alone-fide the Dolphin. They were equally miferabic and anjcOl, with thole wc hatf before fccn. A fe.iman gave one of them a filli, « hich he had jull caught with a line, and it was then alive. The Indian fciz-cd it as a dog would a bone, nnil inflantly killed it by biting it near the gills ; he then Ix'gan at the head, and proceeded on to the tail, champing up the bones, and devouring both the icalcs and tne entrails. Thefc pco;)lc would drink no other liijuor than water, but they eagerly tore in pieces and Iwallowed down provilions of any kind, whether boiled, roafled, raw, fait, or frefli. Though the weather was very cold, their only covering was a (iMl-fkin, and even that they put off when rowing. We obferveil that they all had lore eyes, (x:calioned prolwbly by the fmokc of their (ires, and their lilthy way of feeding and living made them fniell as rank as a fox. They had with them fome javelins, rudely pointed with bone, with which they ufed to llrike fcals, hlli, and penguins. Their canoes were alMMit 1 5 feet in length, three broad, and nearly the fame meafurenient in depth. They were conftru(fted with the bark of trees tacked together, either with the linevis of fome beal^, or thpngs cut out of a hide. A kind uf rufli was laid into the feams, and the out-fidc was fmeared with refin or gum, which prevented the water from foaking into the bark. To the bottom and fidei were fewed tranfverfely 15 flender branchos, bent into an arch ; and fome ftrait pieces were placed crofs the top, from gunwale to gunwale, fecurely laflicd at each end; but uix>n the whole the workmanfliip was very rough, nor liad thefe people any thing among them, wherein there was the leall appearance of ingenuity. The Captain prefented them a hatchet or two, fome beads, and a lew other baubles, w ith which they dc- uurted, feemingly well fatisficd, to the fouihward. During our Hay here, we fent our boats as ufual in fearch of anchoring places, Several fmall coves were tlifcovered, but moli of tluni dangerous. Twenty-two of the failors belcMiging to one of ihe boats, ftaymg one night on an illand, about lonj^itude. It is not only finall, but entirely cticirded with rock-s, on w lirh .t( count we would cautioh every na\igator .ngainil .mclioiiiig .it tiiii place, if he can pollibly a\oid it. I leie are fome rock iilli, and a few «ilil tiiwl, but celery and cranberries are very fcane. (y.) Lion's Cove. The fime iiuiy be (iiid of tins ;ts we have oh- ferved of the preceding bay ; but though the water up a fmall creek is good, here is no wood. The la- titude i.s 53 deg. i6 min. fouth ; longitmli-, by out* a'count, 74 deg. 25 min. weft. (10.) (lood Luck Hay. This is iitiiated in latitude 53 drg. 23 min. aiul in 74 deg. 33 min. welt longitude. Like leveril other- ; is fiiull, and the rocks with which it is fur- rouiuliJ, reniler it very dillicult of accefs. We pro- curt J here a luflicient ijuantity of frefti water, but very little \v out, may be caliiy avoided. As to the mountains that fuirouiui it they have a moft horrid appearance, and feem to be defeited by every thing that has lifcj and we found no fiipply of provilions, except a few rock (ilh and mull les. 'I'he landing is very good, and the tide rifes and liills between four and five feet. (12.) Upright Bay. This is in lattudc 53 deg. 8 min. fouth, longitude 7; deg. 35 m'.n. weft. The entr.-.ncc is very fate, and the water excellent. A fulRciency of wood may be procured for ftock, but provifions are rather fi arcc. The landing is not gtwd, the tide very irregular; and the water riles and falls above five feet. Belides thefe 1 2 bays, there are three others, a little beyond Cape Shut-up, which wc named River Bay, lodging Bay, and V\ allis's Bay, the laft of which is the beft. Alfo between Elizabeth Bay and York Road lies Mufclc Ba\ , wherein is exceeding good anchorage with a wefterly wind. The ground of Chance Bay is very rocky, aiul therefore to be avoided. Not far from Cape Quod, to the eaftward, lies Illand Bay, which is by no means an eligible fituation for ftiipping. There is likewife a bay with good anchorage, oppofitc to York Road ; and another to the eaftward of Cape Crofs-tide, but this latter one will hold only a fingle fliip. Between Cape Crofs and St. David's Head lies St. David's Sound, on the fouth-fidc of which We found a bank of coarfe fand and fticlls, with a depth of w ater from 1 9 to 30 fathom, w here a fliip might anchor in cafe of neceflity; and the mafter of the Swal- low found a very good fmall bay a little to the eaftward ofSt. David's Head. !a» CHAP. II. The Dolphin proceeds on bet voyage from the ftrail to the weJiwnrJ — Several ijhmds di/corjered in the South Sea, Mmety — IVbitfim Ijland — !^een Charlotte's — Egmont—GlouceJier—^Oimberland — Prince fFilliatri Henry's — O/naJmrgh—' KiKj!^ George the Third's, called hy the natives Otaheite, ivith a partimlar, full, and complete dcfcription of tbofe iJJands ^•~The cujloms, manners, i^c, of the natives — The feveral incidents which happened on board the Jhip and albore-^ Particularly, a very circumftantial account tf the inhabitants of Otaheite— Their arts, trade, domeJit( life, and chardffer. No. 31, jU Am '■^'— VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD C o m i' i. i; t e. An expedition to difiovcr the inUnd purl of the country — And a variety of inciJciils and IratifaHions, till v:e quitted tbt ijlaud to continue our voy,ige. ON Sunday the 12th of April 1767, after having cleared the ftrait, wc held on our courfe to the weftward. Here it niiy be proper to obfervc, that, as all theh?rd gales by which we fuffcred, blew from the weftward, wc think it advifeablc to Hand about 100 leagues and more to the weftward, after failing out of the Strait of Magellan, that the fliip may not be endan- gered on a Ice-fliore, which at prefent is wholly un- known. As we continued our courfe a number of flieerwaters, pintadoes, gannets, and other birds, flew about the (liip ; the upper works of which being open, and the cloaths and bedding continually wet, the failors in a few days were attacked with fevers ; and having a continuation of ftrong gales, hazy weather, and heavy feas, we were frequently brought under our courfcs. On Wcdncfday the 22nd, we obferved in latitude 42 deg 24min. fouth, and in 95 deg, 46 min. weft longitude; and on Monday the 27th at noon, we found our latitude to lie 36 deg. 54 min. fouth, and our longitude, by ac- count, 1 00 deg. weft from Lxindon. This day being fair, and the weather moilcratc, the lick were brought on deck, to whom were given falop, and portable foup, in which wheat had been boiled. The violent gales re- turned, fo that the beds were again wet through, and it was feared that the Ihips would lofe her mafts; we there- fore began to think of altering our courfe, in hope of better weather ; and the rather, ai the number of our lick cncreafcd fo faft, that there was danger of foon wanting hands to navigate the velFcI. On Monday the 4rh of .May, by obfer .fation, wc found ourfelves in lati- r de 28 deg. 20 min. fouth; and in 96 deg. 21 min. well longitude. On the .^th, we fuv fevcral ftieer- vatcrs and fca fwaliows ; and on Tucfday the lath, wc obferved the fame kind of hirdi, and fomc porpoifes alwut the fliip. On the 14111, we faw the appearance of what we i.iiagincd to be high land, towards which a flock of brown birds were obferved ro Hy; wc therefore lUercd all night for this fuppoled land; but at day- break could fee no ligns ot it. t\i the weather now became -nodcrate, we found our people recovered very flit ; and the carpenters were bulied in caulking the upper works of the Ihip. and repairing the boats. On the 1 3th, our latitude was 24 deg. ^o min. fouth, and our longitude lo*) deg. well. On Monia; the 18th, a lluep, by the captain's order, was dillributed among our people who were fick and recovcrmg. On Thurfday the iill, we faw a number of Hying lifli j and on the 22nd fome bonettas, dolphins, and flying-lifh. .Mxiut this time, fuch ot the teamen on board as had been re- covering trom crjIJs and fevers, began to be att.ickcd by the icurvy, upon which, at the furgeon's reprefenta- tion, wine was ferved t» them; wort was aifo made from malt for their jfe ; and each of the crew had hiilf a pint of pickled cabb.igc every day, notwithftanding \diich the men began to look very iickly, and to fall a prey to the fcurvy very faft ; to repel which they had wine ferved inllead of fpirits, with plenty of fweetwort and falop: portable foup was boiled in their jicas and oatmeal ; their births and cloaths were kept conftantly clean ; the hanrnocks were every day brought upon deck at eight o'cljck in the -.norning, and carried down at tour in the afternoon ; fome or other of the beds and hamiiioeks were walhcd daily : the Ihip's water was rcn- dciad wholefome hy ventilation, and every part between detfcs was cl'-anled with vinegar. This day our latitude wai :o deg. 1 S min. fouth, and 1 1 1 deg. weft longitude. On Tuefdiv the 26th, we faw two grampufes ; and on the :7th, a variety of birds, one of which was taken for a la;vi-bird, and refenililed a (wallow. On the 3 1 ft, wc touiul by o!)l'crvatio!i our latitude to be 29 deg. j8 min. tbuth, longitude 127 deg. .^5 min. weft. On Monday the i ft or June, we faw fevcral men of war- birds, and, on thejrd fome gannets; and, the weather being at thii time very \arioiis, wc conceived hopes that wc dicw near to land. On the 4th, a turtle fwam clofc i by the ftiip, and the next day a great variety of birds wcrt ken. On Saturaay the 6th, the long wilhed-for land be- came viliblc f.om the maft-head, the man crying out " L.and in the north-weft." This in the courfe olthedHv proved to be a low iftand, diftant about lix league^. When within five miles of this illand, we difco\crcd a fecond to the W. N. W. The full licntcnant beinw at this time very ill, Mr. Furneaux, the fecond lieu- tenant, W73 fcnt with two boats to the lirll illand, the crews of each being well provided with arms. When the boats camencar the ifland, two canoes were obferved to put oft" to the adjacent one; and no inhabitants were f':en 10 remain where our party landed. Here fcver.il cocoa-nuts, and a large quantity of fcurvy-grafs were obtained, which proved a valuable acquilition to the- lick, and a grateful rcfreftiment to thofe in liea'.th. They returned in the evening to the thip, bringing with them fomc fi(h-hooks, which the illanders had formed of oyftcr-lhells. In this cxcurfion they difcovered three huts, fupjwrted on pofts, and open all round, h\ii thatched with cocoa-nut and palm leaves. As no an- chorage could be found, and the whole ifland w as cncoin- palTed with rocks and breakers. Captain Wa'' folved to ftecr for the other idand, giving the • W'hitfun Illand to this, bccaufc it was dife on Whitfunday's Eve. Having appro.ached thec.nei id, Mr. Furneaux was again fcnt otf with the boats, lan- ncd and armed. At this tinx; about 50 of the natives were fcen running about with fire-brands in their hand^. Mr. F'urneaux was inftruded to ftecr to that part of the fliorc, where the natives had Ix-cn fcen, to avoid giving oftencc. When Mr. Furneaux drew near unh the boats to the fhorc, the natives put themfelves in a porture ot defence, with thtir pikes ; but the lieutenant making ligns of amity, and ex{X)fmg tarvicwa t'e* trinkets, fomc of the Indians walked into the water: to whom it was hinted, that fi>mc cocoa-mits and water would be acceptable ; which was no fooner underllood, than rticy ventured with a fmall quantity of each to the boats ; and received nails and other trifles in cxchaiijje. While bartering w ith thciii, one of the Indians Hole a lilk handkerchief with its contents, but the thief eoulJ by no means be difcovered. On Monday the 8th, Mr. Furneaux was again dif- patched with the boats, and received orderi from C'ap- tain Wallisto land, if he could do it without oHenilini; the natives. As this paity drew near to the Ihore, tlicy obferved faven large canoes, each with two mafts, h itij; ready for the Indians to embark in them. ihel'c having inadc (igns to the crew to procceil higher ii|), they complied, and immediately the Indians emlwrked on board th.j fcven large canoes and ou't-ed the fpor, being ioincd by two canoes at another p:vrt of the illand. Thefe latter the Indians ftcered in a diredion of \\ . S. W. 'I'hey were diviiicd, two being brought along-lide of each other, and faftcncd together, at thcdillatue ot .about three feet afunder, by crofs beams, pading tii/r.i the larboard gunwale of one to the ilai-board gunwale of the other, in the middle and near each end. I'liey appeared to be 30 feet in length, four in breadth, and three in depth. The people had long black hair hang- ing o\er their ihoulders, of a dark complexion, of a middle li/c, and were drefled in a kind of matting made fart round the middle. The women are heaiiii- ful, and- the men juftly proportioned. In the afternoon the fecond lieutenant lu-ing again feiit on llipre, the Captain conuiianded him to take poftellion of t'le illand in the king's name, and toca'l it t^^een Chir- lotte's Ifland. The boats returned loaded wichco. oa- nut and fcurvy-grafs, alter having found two wells ot ex ellent water. I'lovilions for a week were now all ) ted for a mate and io men, who were left on ihore to li . water ; the lick were lanJ.cd (or the bciielit of tiic air; auv* a number of hands were appointed to climb the cocoa-trees and gather tlie nuts, whii.h in our (itiii- tlO.T Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE — for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, 6cc. 263 tion were very dcfirable. The watcrwas brought on board onthc loth, but the cocoa-nuts and vegetables, which the cutter was bringing off, were loft by tlie rolling of the waves, that ahnolt filled her with water. Afterwards they made an ifland where werc.found feveral tools, re- fembling adzes, awls, and chiflels, which were formed oflliells and ftones. The dead bodies were not buried, but left under a kind of canopy, to decay above ground. This day the ihip failed again, after taking polTcnion of the idands for the king j in teftimony of which we left a flag flying, and carved his majcfty's name on a piece of wood, and on the bark of feveral trees. Wc left (hillings, lixpenccs, halfpence, bottles, nails, hatchets, and other things for the ufc of the natives. It was remarkable, that on this ifland wc found the very peo- pic vho had fled from Queen Charlotte's Ifland, with feveral othen, in the whole near 100. It lies in 19 deg. 20 min. fouth latitude, and 138 dec. 30 min. wc(t lon- gitude, and received the name ef Egmont Ifland. On Thurfday the iith, we obfervcd about 16 pcrfons on an illand which was called Gloucefter Ifland ; bur as it uasfurrounded with rocks and breakers, wc did not at- tempt to land. This day wc likewifc difcovered another, which was called Cumberland Ifland : and, on the day following, a third, which received the name of Prince William Henry's Ifland. On VVcdneltlay the 17th, wc again difcovered land, and at ten at night faw a light which convinced us that it was inhabited, and rem. ; ;\''d, that there were pknty of cocoa-trees, a certain proof of there being no want of water. Mr. Furneaux was fent on fliorc the day following, with inftrudtions to exchange fome toys for fuch things as the ifland produced. He faw a great number of the people, bur could find no plaec where the fliip might anchor. Some of the natives, who had white (licks jn their hands, appeared to have an autho- rity over the reft. While the lieutenant was trallii kinj; with them, an Indian diving into the water, fcizcd the grappling of the boat, while his companions on fliori' laid hold of the rope by which flic was faftened, and at- tempted to draw her into the furf, but their endea- vours were fruftrated by the firing of a nuifquet, on which they all let go their hoK). Thcfc Indians were drcllcdln a kind of cloth, a piece of which was brought to the fliip. It was concluded (iom the number of the people feen, and their having (ome large double canoes on the Ihorc, that there were larger iflands at no great diflance : the Captain, therefore, having named this place Ofnaburgh Ifland, made lail and foon difcovcring high-land, came to an anchor, becaufe the weailu'r was very foggy, The next morning early wc faw land, dillant four or five Icag;ies ; but, after having failed to- wards it fome time, thought it prudent again to anchor, on account of the thicknefs of the fog; but it no Hwner cleared away, than wc foimd the fliip encompafled by a number of canoes, in which were many hundreds of people. Having approached the fhip, they beheld it with wonder, and talked with great earneftnefs. Some baubles were now fliewii them, and ligns were made for them to come on board, on which they rowed the canoes toward> each other, and a general confidtarion took place ; at the condufion of which they all fur- rounded the fliip w ith an appearance of friendfliip, and one of thcin delivered an oration, at the conchidon of which he threw into the (ca the branch of a plantain- tree, which he had held in his hand. This being done, a young Indian, of more apparent courage than the reft, ventured on board the (liip. The Captain would have given him fome baubles, but he refufed the accep- tance of them till thofc in the canoes came along-lide, and, having held aconfu'.tation, threw onboard feveral brances of the plantain-tree. Others now ventured on board; but it was remarked, th.at they all got into the fliip at fome improper parr, not one of them, even by accident, finding the right place of afcent. A goat be- longing to the (lii(), having run his horns againft the b.irk of one of the 'ndians, he Imiked round with fiir • prize, and feeing the animal ready to renew the attack he fprang over the (hip's lidc, and was inllantly follow cd t I by all his countrymen. Their terror, however, foon fublided, and they returned to the (liip ; and the flieep, hogs, and poultry being fliewn them, they intimated that they polfefled the two latter fpecies. 'The Captain then gave them nails and other trifles, and made ligns that he wanted hogs, fowls, and fruit j but they could not comprehend him. They were dcteded in feveral attempts to take away any thing they could lay hold of; but one of them at length jumped ovcrboaai with a laced hat which he had fiiatched from one of the oflicers. The interior parts of the ifland abounds in hills, cloathcd with timber-trees, above them are high peaks, from which large rivers defcend to the fea; the houfcs, when fecn at a dilVance, refemblc barns, having no ftieltcrbut a roof; thcland towards the fea is level, and produces the cocoa-nut, with a variety of other fruits, and the face of the whole country is [jicturcrque beyond defcriptioii. We now failed along the Ihore, while the canoes, which could not keep pace witli w, made to- wards the land. In the afternoon the fliip brought to, and the boats being lent to found a bay that piomi(i:d good anchorage, the Indian canoes flocked round them. T'hc Captain, apprehenfive that their delignc were liofi tile, madealignal lor the boats to return to the fliip, and fired a gun over the heads of the Indians. Though they were trightened at the report, they attemjned to prevent the return of the cutter; but flie calily out- failed them. This being obfervcd by fome canoes in a different ftation, they intercepted her, and wounded fome of her people with floncs, which occafioned the firing a mufquet, and fome fliot were lodged in the flioulderof the man who began the attack ; which 'he Indians obferving, they all made oif with the utmoft precipitation. 'I'he boats having reached the fliip pre- parations were made lor failing, but a large canoe making towards her at a great rate, it was rclblved to wait the event of her arrival; on which an Indian, making a fpeech, threw a plantain branch on board, and the C aptain returned the compliment of peace, by giving them a branch, which had been left on board by the other Indians; fome toys being likewifc given them, they departed very well fatisficd. We now (ailed, and the next morning wcreolf a peak of landwhich was almoll covered with the natives and their houfes. On the 2 I It the fliip anchored, and feveral canoes came along-lide of her, bringing a large quantity of fruit, with fowis and hogs, (or which llicy received nails and toys in exchange. The boats having been fent to found along the coaft, were followed by large doulile canoes, three of which ran at the cutter, (laved in her quarter, and othi.'rwilc dam.aged her, the Indian.^ at the (aiiic time, armed w ith clubs, endeavouring to board her ; the crew now (ircd, and wounded one man dangcroiiOy, and killinij another, rhey both fell into the fea, whither their a^nU panions dived after them, and got them into tiie canoe. They now cried if they could fland or (it, but as one was quite dead, they laid him at tlic bottom of the canoe, and the wounded man was fup[iorted in a fitting polhire. The fliips boats kept on their way, while (bme of the canoes went on (liorc, and others re- turned t'j the fliip to renew their nierchandife. While the boats continued out in (cveral foundings, the natives fwam off to them with water and fruit. The women were particularly urgent for the failors to land, and, putting oftall their cloaths, gave hints, of the moll indelicate nature, how acceptable their company would be. The boats being fent on fliorc with fome finall calks to get wate , the Indians filled two of them, and kept all the tell for their trouble. When the boats cameolf, thcfliorc w.as crowded witli tlioulimdsofmen, women, and children. During thi-< time, feveral canoes remaineil along-lide the (hip, I ut the Captain would not permit a fingle Indian to go on board, a.s there wa» no guarding againll their artfiil di(politi{ -is. On Monday the 2:nd, the natives brought hogs, poultry, and fruit to the (hip, which they bartered for knivesandothcrthings.fothatthcwhyljcrcwwasfupplied with 'm ^.;..M..^ £64 Voyages round the WbkLb Complete. with meat for two days, by means of this traffit. The boats having been this day fent for \Vater, every in- ducement was Uled by the inhabitants to pcrfuadc them to land, and the behaviour of the women wis ftill more hifcivlous than before. Having procured a fmall quantity of waterj the boats put oflf: on which the women flirtiitcd aloud, pelted them with apples and bananas, and ihcwed every mark of cOntenlpt and de- teftation. On the 2jrd, we made fail, with intention to anchor oft" the watering-place, but, the man at the maft-he.id dilcovering a bay a few miles- to the Ictward, we immcdiattly Ihiod for it. The boits which wfre a-hcad, making a fignal for an anchorage, Ut prepared to bring to ; but when the (liip had almoft reached the place, (lie fuddenly (truck, and her head remained im- moveable, iixed on a coral rock ; in which lituation ihe remained near an hour, when flie was happily relieved by a breeze from the fliore. During the whole time that flie w.is in danger of being wrecKed, (he was en- compaflTcd by hundreds of Indians in their canoes; but not one" of them attempted to board her. The Dolphin was now piloted round a reef, into an harbour, where (he was moored. The maftcr was then font to found the b.iy, and found fife anchorage in every part of it. In the mean time fome fmall canoes brought provilions on l)oard ; but as the fliorc was crowded with large canoes, filleil with men, the Captain loaded and primed his puns, fupplicd his boats with mufqueteers, and kept a number ot men unJcr arnu. On WVdnefday the 24th, the (hip failed up the har bmir, and many canoes followed us, bringing provi- lions, which were exchanged for nails, knives, &c. A number of very large cano;^ ? advanced in the evening, laden with Hones, on which the Captain ordered the rtricted wateh to be kept. At length fome canoes came otf, which haJ on board a number of women who being brought almort under the (liip, began to prai'tifc tho'l" arts of indelicacy already mentioned. During this lingular exhibition the large canoes came round the fhip, fome of the Indians playing on a kind of a flute, others Tinging, and the red blowing a ("ort of Ihells. 5oon after a large canoe advanced, in which was an awning ; and on the top of it fat one of the na- tives, holding foiiic yellow and red feathers in his hands. The Captain having confeiued to his coining along (ide, he delivered the feathers, and while a pre- fent was preparing for him, he put back tioni tiic (hip, and threw the branch of a coco.i-tree in the air. Thi^ wacar upon the fliore. This tiring put a ftop to all holUlities on the part of the Indians, for a fiiiall time; but the ftattcred canoes foon got together again, and, having hoilled white ftreaiiKrs, advanced, and threw ftones of two pound weight from (lings, by which a numb<'r of the fcamen were wound- ed. At this time fevcral canoes approached the iww of the fliijj, from whence nofhotliad been yet difcharged. In one of thefe was an liKlian, who appeared to have an authority over the reft, a gun was therefore levelled at his canoe, the ihot of which Iplit it in two pieces. This put an end to the contcff, the canoes rowed oft" with the iicinoft fpecd, and the people on ftiorc ran and con- cealed ihemfclves behind the hills. After this (kirmilh we failed for our intended anchor- ing place, and moored the (hip within a little diftance of a line river. Some of our people who had been fent to furve) the (horc, returned the next morning with an account that they hail found good frclh water (produced from the river above-mentioned) but that there was not d canoe to be fcen. Mr. J'urneaux was fent the fanlc day with ill the boats, well manned and anncil, and i. number of marines, having orders to land his meJi under cover bf the (hip and boats. Jhis hLinir accordingly cffeded, he turned a piece of turf, and having hoifted a bhodd pendant upon a ftaft^, took jwf. fefllon of the ifle for his Britannic majefty, naming jt King George the Third's Iftahd. Some rum being then mixed w ith the river-water, the king's health was dnink by every perfort prefent. During the petformancc of this ceremony, t^vb old mtti UeCc fetn bn the oppditc fide of the river, who put themfelves In a fupplieating pofture, and appeared to be much terrified. On this, the Englifh made figns to them to crofs the river. One of them obeying the fignal came oVer, and crawled on his hands aitd knees towards the lieutcnaiit, whoftiewcd hihi fome ftones thnt had been thrown at tht vefTcl, but took pains at the fame tihic, to intimate, that nd injury ftiould be done to the Indians, if thty were not the ag- grelFors. He then caufcd fome hatchets to be produced, giving the Indian to underftand that his people would be glad to exchange them for various kinds of provifions: Some trifles were alfo given to this old man, who ex.; preftcd his gratitude by his gcftures. and by dancing round the Hag-ftafti but when they faw the pendant (hakcn by the wind, they ran back, with (igns of four and furprife. When they had recovcrcvi thcnifclvcs from their fright, they brought two ho(;s which they laid down, and began dancing round the pendant u before. The hogs wjre afterwards put into a canne, which the old Indian rowed towards the fliip ; and when he came along-fidc of her, pronounced a ferious oration, in the courfc of which he delivered a number of pLiniauI leaves, (one at a time, fomewhat in the manner ot the North Americans, clofinc; tb'-'." jjcriods with belt, of wampum.) After this he lowciJ back again, rcfuiiiig at that time to ■••■'-cpt of any prefents. The noife of drums and other inllrumcnt.^ was heard this night, and the next morning it was obfervcd that the pendant «at taken away, and the natives had quitted the coalf. While the calks were filling with water, the old Indian alieady mentioned, croffed the river, and brought the Kngliili fome fowls and fruits. At this time the Cap- tain was ill, but though he was confined to the veflcl, he hid remarked from thence by the help of glallc* what wasiioingon Ihore. In the courfe of his obfer- vations, he perceived many of the natues creeping behind the bufties towards the w.itering-placf, at the fame time that vaft numbers advanced through the wo«h1s. and a large party came down the hill in vicwj all tending to the fame quarter. Two divilions of ca- no'.s were befides feen making round the oppolite (ides of 'he hay. As the lieutenant had likcwife obfer.cd the threatened danger, he got his people on board the boats; previous to which he had fent the old Indian to intimate to his countrymen that the crew wanted nothing but water, and to prevail on them to keep at a proper diftance whilft it was filling; but (i) far was this from having the proiKrcft'cdt, that the iflanders iindea prize of the calks, and thol"c at lome diftance from the watering-place, went forwaal witii all expeditio'i, in order to keep pace with the canoes, which rowed along very fw iftly At the fame titre a numbei of women and children t(M)k their ftation on a hill, which < ofrmandcd a profpect of the (hipping. The canoes drawing near that part of the bay w here the vclFcI w as at ani luir, took in many from the fliore who were laden with bags tilled with (hmes. Then they rowed towards the (hip, on which orders wen- given to fire on the firft party that appro.ached in the canoes, which being done, the In- dians made off frightened and aftonithed. ( u(t.iin Wallis being now relblved that this aCUon ftiould put an end to all difputcs, inccn("ed at the behaviour of the natives, commanded his people to lire firft into the wood, and afterwards towards the hill, whither (he illandcrs had retreated j when finding at what a dif- tance the guns could reach them, they difpcrfed and difappcarccl. After this, the boats were lent out, a ftrofw^uttid being appuintcJ tu attend the carpenters, ^ . who, m T' ■sf^; .4 i who, canoes party ol fmall " treated breught they lefi cloth as failors t which ( other on the I would I CAPtAiN WALLIS's VOYAGE— .for making Difcoveries in thcSouTHF.RN Ocean, &c. 26; who, according to orders, dcftroycd all the Indian canoes which could be met with. At length a fmall party of the natives came to the beach, ftuck up fome fmall branches of trees, as if for tokens, and then re- treated to the woods j however they came again, and breught fome hogs and dogs with their legs tied, which they left on the fliore, together with a quantity of fuch cloth as they wore, all which they made figns to the failors to take away. On this, a boat was difp.itchcd which conveyed the hogs on board, but left behind the other articles ; hatchets and nails were alfo depolited on the beach in return for thefe prefcnts, but the Indians would by no means accept them till the cloth was taken away. On Saturday the 27th, a party being employed in filling water, the old Indian was feen on theoppofitc fide of the river. After having delivered an oration in his manner, he came over, when the officer referred him to the bags and ftoncs which had been brought down, and ufcd his endeavours to convince him that the Engliili in the late adlion had alftejl only from motives of felf defence. The old man, however, fcemcd to think his countrymen much aggrieved, and with great openncfs intimated his opinion. However at lall he fuffcreJ himfelf to be reconciled, (hook hands with the lieutenant, and accepted fome prcfents from him. It was then hinted to him that it would be bcib for the (icupic of the idand to appear only in finalt parties for the future, with which terms the Indian appL'trci! fatiificd, and an advantageous traffic was afterw.i.il;. ellablilhcd with the iiatives. Matters being thus fcttlcil, the lick were fent on fhore, and were lodged, under tht- care of the furgeon, in tents near the watering |il:u c This gentleman fliooting a wild duck, it dropped on the opjx)fite fide of thricte(» enquiry. The damage done to the vtlFel liiight have been cafily repaired ; but a worl'e confequcncc arofe from this traffic; for on the gunn,-r's odlring fmall nails for hogs, the Indians produced large fpike-s. demanding fuch as thofe. Some of the men made ufc Ota particular device to gratify their paffions; for when they could procure no more nails, they cut lead into the Ihape of them, and palled thofe pieces on their luifufpe^^Ung paramours. When the Indians difcover- cd the (rand, they demanded nails for the lead; but this jull demand could not be granted, bccaiifc it would have promoted the ftcaling of lead, and likcwife in- jurcd the tratlic with iron. In confequence of tiieir connection with the women, the failors became fo im- patient ofcontroul, that the articles of war were read, to a\vc them into obedience ; and a corporal of marines was feverely punilhcd, for flriking the maficr at arms. The Captain's health being nearly reflored, he went in his boat to fiirvey the ifland, which he found extreme- ly delightful, and every where vA\ peopled. On Wedncfday the 8th, the wooil-cutters were en- tertained in a friendly manner by certain Indians, who fcemcd to be of a rank above thofe they had yet feen. and li)me of thefe vifiting the Captain,' he laid before them a thirty-lix-niilling piece, a guinea, a crown- piece, a dollar, fome fhillings, fome new half-pence, and t«o large nails, intimating that thcv might take their choice, when they eagerly fcized tk- nails, and then took a few half-pence, but left all the other pieces untouched. The Indians now refufed to fupply the market, iinlefs they could get large nails in exchange : the Captain therefore ordered the (hip to be fearclied, when it was found that almoff all the hammock-nails' were llolcn, and great numbers drawn from different places ; on w hich ever)' man was ordered before the Captain, who told them, that not a man (liould go on fliorc till the thieves were difcovcred ; but no good confequence arofe from his threats, at that time. Three days after, the gunner conduced to the fbip a lady of an agreeable face, and portly mein, whofe age feemed to be upwards of forty. 1 his lady had but lately arrived in that part of the ifland, and the gunner obfeiving that (he feemed to have great authority, pre- fented her with fome toys ; on which (he invited hiru to her houfc, and gave him fome fine hogs. She was afterwards taken on board; at her own defirr. Her whole behaviour (hewed her to lie a woman of fihe fenfe and fuperior rank ; the Captain prefented her with a looking-glafs and fome toys, and gave her a handfome blue mantl^, which he tied round her w ith ribbands. As (lie then intimated that (lie (hould be glad to fee him on (hore, he (ignified his intention of viliting her the next day. Accordingly, on Saturday the 1 2th, Captain Wallis w cnt on (liore, where flic met him, attended by a numerous retinue, fome of whom (he diredcd to carry the Captain, and others who had been ill, over the river, and from thence to her habi- tation, and the proceflion was clofed by a guard of marines and feamen. As they advanced, a great num- ber of Indians crowded to fee them; but, on a flight motion of her hand, they made room for the procef- J X fioti £66 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. fion to pafs. Wlieii ihcy ilicw near her dwelling, many pcrfons of both fcxes advanced to meet her, whom ihccaufcd to kifs the ("aptain's hand, while fljc fignified that they were relirtcd to her. Her houfc was 320 feet in length, and about 40 in breadth. The roof, which was covereil w ith the leaves of palm-tree, wan fupportcd by a row of pillars on each iide, and another m the nuddle. The highell part of the thaich on the infidc, w as JO feet from the ground, and the fpacc between the fides of the building and the edge of the roof, which was about 1 2 feet, was left open. The Captain, lieute- nant, and purfcr, being fcated, the lady helped four of her female attendants to pull otV the gcntlcmens coats, fliocs, and (lockings, which was aukwardly per- formed ; the girls however fmoothtd down the iVin, and rubbed it lightly with their hands for more than half an hour. The furgeon, being heated with walk- ing, having pulled off his wig, one of the Indians ft. teamed out, and the eyes of the whole company were iurtantly fixed on the wonderful fight, and they renuincd for fome time fixed in furprize. After this, the queen ordered feveral bales of cloth to be brought out, which w ere the produce of the country, which were now dcf- tined for the drefs of the Captain and his attendants. It was intended that the Captain fliould be carried as he had been before, but as he rtfufed the offer, the queen walked arm in arm with him, and lifted him like an infant over fuch wet and dirty places as they came to in their way. She gave him a (ow big with young, and took her leave w hen (lie had attended him to the beach. The gunner being difpatchcd to wait on her the next day with a prefcnt of bill-hooks, hatchets, &c. found her buficd in entertaining (bme hundreds of the Indians who were regularly feated round her. She ordered a iiiefsto be provided for the gunner, which he (bund to be very agreeable, and fuppoied to be fowls and apples cut final!, and mixed with fait water. The providons which were di(Uibuted by the queen, were fcrved in cocoa-fliells, which her fervants brought in a fort of trays. This lady took her feat fomewhat above the fell of the company, and when they were fupplied, was fe.i by two women fervants, flanding on each (ide of her. It was obferved that (he received the C.iptain's prefents with an air of great fatisfadion, and the (upply of provifions brought to market was now greater than ever, but the prices were raifed, in a great meafure owing to the commerce between the Engliih feamcn and the women of the Ifland, ofwhich we have taken notice ; for which reafon, belides the orders given for retraining the people belonging to the crew from going on (liore, it was alfo thought proper to prohibit any women from pairing the river. On Tucfday the 14th of this month, the gunner be- ing on (horc, difrovcred a womanon theop|X)lite fide of the river, who fecmed 'o be weeping in a moft piteous manner. Perceiving that he fecmed to take notice of her apparent diftrels, (lie fent a youth to him, who having made a long oration, laid a branch of plan- tain at his feet, after which he went to fetch the woman, and alfo brought two hogs with him. The youth now made a long fpcech, and, in the end, the gunner was given to undcruand that her hu(band and three of her (ons, had been killed when the Englifh fired on the Indians as above related. She fell fpeechlefs on the ground after (he had told her tale of woe, and two lads that attended her, fecmed alfo to be much afi'ecled. The gunner feeing her diftrefTed (ituation endeavoured to confole her, and at laft (he became a little calmer, oft'cred him her hand, and diretfied the hogs to be given him, nor would (he accept any thing in return for her prefent. A large party rowed round the ifland in their boats on the 1 5th, in order to take a view of it, and to purchafe provifions. Returning, they brought with them a number of hogs and fowls, and fome cocoa-nuts. They found the ifland to be pleafanr, and abounding with the neccfTariet of life, and fawa great number of canoes, feveral of which were not quite finiflied. The natives tools were formed of bones, ftoncs, and (hells. N'j other four-footed beafts but dogs and hogs, were feen. The inhabitants ate all their meat either h.ikid or roaflcd, as they neither had any veflcl wherein «;ntr couUi be boiled, nor fcemrd to entertain an idea that it could be heated by fire fo as to anfwer any uleful pur. pofe. One morning, when the lady we have mcntiuncd was at brcakfaft, an Indian that attended her haviiicr obferved the cock of an urn turned, to fill a tea-pot he alfo turned the cock, when the fcalding water fiillini' upon his hand, he cried out and jumped about the cabin, while the Indians were equally furprifcd and terrified at the circumftance. The Captain received another vifit from the queen on the 1 7th, and the lame day a great quantity of provifions was purchafcj of fome of the natives, whom we had never belorc dealt with. The next day the queen repeated her vilit, and made the Captain a prefent of two hogs, and the mafter attending her home, (he cloathed him in the drefs of the country, as (he had done the Captain and his retinue. Our provifions received an iiicreafe on the 19th, by the gunner's fending on board a number ot hogs and pigs, and abundance of fowls and fruits which he had purchafcd in the country. At this time an order was made that none of the failors fliouUl be allowed to go on fliorc, except thofc that were appointed to procure wood, water, or other neccflkries. On Tuefday the 21ft, the queen came ag.iin to vifit Capuin Wallis, and prefented him with (bme hnj^s, She likewife invited the Captain to her houfe, who attended her home with fome of his officers. Slic tad wreaths of plaited hair round their hats, and on the Captain's flic put a tuft of feathers of variou; (oloiirs, by way of diflincfion. She came back with thiin as far as the water-lidc on their return, and ordi.rcd lomc prefents to be put into the boat at their depaitiirr. Captain Wallis having intimated before they put of), that he fliould leave the ifland in feven days time, llic made (igns thnt (he w i(hcd him to flay 20 days ; but he repeating hisrefolution,flicburfted into a flood ot tears. We were now fo well flored with hogs and poultry, that our decks were covered with them, and as the mrn were more inclined to cat fruit than meat, they were killed fafler than had been intended. The Captain prefented his friend the old Indian with fome cloth and other articles, and fent a number of things to the queen, among which were a cat with kitten, turkies, gecfe, hens, and feveral forts of garden feeds. This ';oinph- ment was returned by a prefent of fruit and hogs. Peafe and other European feeds were fowed here, and the Captain (laid long enough to fee them come up, and to obferve that tney were likdy to thrive in th.- country. On the 25th, a party wa« fent on fltorc in 01 Jcr to examine the country, and a tent was ereded lor the purpofe of obfervingan eclipfe of the fun. When it was ended, the Captain took his tclefcope to the queen, who fliewcd a furprifc fcarcely to be exprcfrcd,on dif- covcring feveral objeds with which flie was well ai - quainted, but which were toodiftnnt to be feen with- out the help of a glafs. He afterwards ins itcd her and her retinue to come on board the fliip, w here an clega:ii dinner was prepared, of which all but the queen ate heartily ; but fne would neither cat nor drink. On the return of the party from their excurlion, the queen was landed with her train. The Captain (lill keeping in the fame mind as to the time of his departure, llie wept again on being informed of his rcfolution. Oui people, who had been fent out this day, reported, tlut on their firil landing they called on the old Indian, an 1 took him into their company, walking fome on one fide of the river, and fome on the other, till the groumi rifing almofl perpendicular, they were all obliged to walk on one fide. On the borders of the valley ti;iou[;h which the river flowed, the foil was black, ami there were feveral houfc* w ith walled gardeas, and plenty ot fowls and hogs. In many places channels w ere cut to condu(5t the water from the hills to the plantations. No underwood wa.s found beneath the trees, but there was good grafs j the bread-fruit and apple-tiecs were fet in rows upon the hills, and the cocoa-nut grew upon thtf Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE — tor making DUcovciicsin the Sou thkkn Uc;tAN,&L. 267 the level ground. The itrcams now meandered through various windings, and the crags of mountains hung over the travellers heads. When they had walked ulmut four miles they rcftcd, and began th^'.r breakfaft under an ai)ple-trec. At this time they were alarmed by a loud (hout from a number of the natives. On this they were going to betake themfelves to their arms, but the old Indian made (igns that they fliould lit IHII. He then went to his countrymen, and it was prefcnily obfcrvcd that thi.y bccatpe filcnt and withdrew. 'I'hey afterwards returned, bringing with them fomc refrcili- nifnts, in excliangc for which they receiveil buttons and other trlHcs from the lieutenant. The party then proceeded, looking every where for metals and ores, but found nothing of that fort worth attending to. And now the old Indian being tired, gave his Eiiglilh companions to underftand that he was delirous of re- turning, but he did not leave them till he hnd given directions to the Indians to clear the way over a moun- tain. After his departure his countrymen crt branches from the trees, and laid them in a ceremonious man- ner at the feet of the fcamen j they then painted them- felves red with the berries of a tree, and llained their garments yellow with the bark of another. By the af- firtancc of thcfe people, the moll difficult parts of the mountains were climbed, and they again rcfrcflied themfelves at its fummit, when they faw other moun- tains fo much above them, that they fcemcd as in a valley. Towards the fea. the pmfpccl was inexprcllibly beautiful, the (ides of the hills being covered with trees, and the valleys with grafs, while the whole country was interfpcrfeil with villages. They law but few honffs on the mountains above them, but as fmoke was nhiervcd in many places, it was conjctlurcd, that the highell were inhabited. Many fprings gufhed froin the lidcs of the mountain*, all of which were covered with wood on the fides and with fern on the fummit. The foil even on the high land was rub. and the fiigar cane grew without cultivation; as did likewife tur- meni and ginger. Havmg a third time retrelhed ihcinfelvcs, they dcfcendcd towards the (hip, ocralion- ally deviating from the diredl way, tempted by the plcafain. lituation of fcveral houfes, the inhabitants of Hliich entertained them in the moft hofpitable inanner. 1 hey fiw parrots, parroquets, green doves, and ducks. The lieutenant planted the ftoncs of cherries, peaches arni plumbs, fcveral kinds of garden feeds, and oranges, lemons and limes. In the afternoon they relied on a delightful fpot, where the inhabitants drefled them twci hogs and fcveral fowls. Here they llaid till evening, when thty rewarded the diligence of their guides, and repaired to the ftiip. On the 26th, the Captain was viflted by the queen with her ufual prcfents, and this day wedifcontinued taking in wood and water, and prepared for failing. A greater number of Indians now came to the fea-(here, than we had ever yet feen ; and of thefe feveral appeared to be perfons of coafeuuencc. In the afternoon the queen viflted Captain Wallis, and Iblicited him to remain ten days longer ; but being informed that he ftiduld certainly fail on the following day, Ihc burft into tears. She now demanded when he would come again, and was told in 50 days ; flic remained on board till evening, when being informed that the boat waited for her, flic wept with more violence than flic had yet done. At length this artcctionatc woman went over the (hip's lide, as did the old Indian who had been fo ferviccablc to the crew. This man had fignified that his Ibnlhould fail with the Captain i but when the time came the youth was not to be found, from whence it was concluded that parental aifection had caufed the old man to forlliit his word. The next morning early two boats were fcnt to fill. a few calks of water; but the ofitccr, alarmed at iinding the Ihore crowded with the natives, prepared to return. This occalioned the queen to come forward, who ordered the Indians to retire to the other fide of rhe river, after which flic made (igns foj- the boats to cimu: on fliore. While they were fillinjj the water (he uidercd Ibnie prcfents to 4 be put into the boat, and earneltly dcliied logo )Ci. more to the (hip, but the oflicer being ordered not n> bringolf a fingle native, flic ordered her double canoe out, and was Ibllowed by many others. When Ihe had been on board for an hour, weeping and lamenting, we took advantage of a trcfli breeze, and got under fail. She now embraced the captain and ofhcers,and left the fhip ; but as the wind fell, the canoes put back, and reached the fhip again, to which the ([ueen's was made faft, and advancing to the bow of it flic there renew evl her lamentations. Captain Wallis prcfented her with feveral articles of ufe and ornament, all which flie re- ceived in mournful filcncc. The breeze fpringing up again, the queen and her attendants took their final leave, and tears were Ihed on both fides. The place were the fhiphad lain at anchor, was called Port Royal I larbour, and is lituatc in 17 deg. jo min. of fo ith lat. and 1 50 deg. of weft long. The t()llowing arc the particulars we have feledted of the culloms, manners, &c. of the people of Otaheitc. With regard to their flature, the men are from five feet fevcn to five feet ten inches high, the flandard of tli£ women, in general, near three inches fliorter, the talleft among them being about five feet feven inches, thoy were nioftly handfome, and fonie of them are defcribed as being really beautiful. The complexion of futh of the men as are much employed on the water is reddifh, but their natural colour is what is called tawny. Ihc colour of their hair is not like that of the Eafl Indians and Americans, black, but is diverfified like that ol the liuro|)cans, having among them black, brown, red, and flaxiii; moft of the children having the latter; when loolc, it has a ftrong natural curl, but it is ufuaily worn tied in two bunches, one on each lide the head, or in a fingle bunch in the middle. They anoint the head w ith the oil of the cocoa-nut, mixed w ith a root of a fragrant fmell. The women, as we have b-foi e obfcrvcd, do not confider chaftity as a virtue, for they !;ot only readily and openly trafficked with our people for per- fbnal favours, but were brought down by their fithcrs and brothers for the purpofeof proftitution: they '.(ere, however, conftious of the value of beauty; aiui the fi/.c of the nail that was demanded for the enjoyment of the lady, was always in proportion to her charms. When a man oftered a girl to the careffes of a failor, he fliewcd a flick of the fizeof the nail that was to purchafe her (ompany; and if our people agreed, (he was lent over to them, forourfeamcn wcrCnot permitted tocrofs the river. 1 heir cloaths are formed of two pieces of cloth, made of the bark of a flirub, and not unlike roarfe china paper. In one of them a hole is made for the head to pafs through, and this hangs down to the middle of the leg, from the fliouldcrs both before and behind ; the other piece which is between four and five yards long, and nearly one broad, they wrap round the body, and the w hole forms an eafy, decent, and graceful drefs. I'hey adorn themfelves with flowers, feathers, ftielis, and pearls. The laft are worn chiefly by the women ; the Captain purchafcd two dozen of a finall li/.e and good colour, but they were all fpoiled by boring. Mr, Furneaux fuw feveral, in his excurfion to the weft, but he could purchafe none with any thing he had to offer. It is a univerfal cuftom with both fexes, to mark the hinder part of their thighs and loins with black lines in various forms. This is done by flriking the teeth of an inftrumcnt, fomewhat like a comb, juft through the fkin, and rubbing into the puniSuics a kind of palle made of foot and oil, which leaves an indelible llisin. The boys and girls under twelve years of age arc not marked, but we faw a few men whofc legs were punifhiated, and thefc appeared to be perfons of dii- lindtion. One of the principal attendants on the queen, was rnuch more difpofed to imitate our manners than the reft; and our |>eople, with whonihefoon became a fa- vourite, diflinguifhcd him by the name of Jonatlian, This man Mr. Furneaux clothed completely in aji Kna- lifli drefs, and it became him extremely well. As "it wai 'i.m- 268 VOYAGES ROUND the W O R I, I) Com p i i r was (lioal waiir at the laniliiiR place, our otticcrs wcr- larrial Uv the inilians on Ihorc, and Jonathan, afTuniinir Hate with his new lineJ-y, would he carried by fome of his people in the fame manner. In attempting to ule a knife and tbrk at niciU, at tirll his hand aUayH came to his mouth, and the viL'luals, on the end of the fork, went away to hij car. Helides the articles alreatly men- tioned, thcfe people cat the Hefhnf d<»s. Rats abound in the illand, but, as far as we could dilcover, they make no part of their food. In their rivers arc good tafted mullets, but they are neither large nor in plenty. On the reef are cray-filli, conchs, mufclcs, and other lliell- firti, which they gather at low water, and cat raw with breadfruit bef<>re they come on ihorc. Atafinalldif- tance from hence, they catch w ith linos, and hooks of mother of jicarl, parrot-fiib, groopcrs, and many other forts, of which they arc fo fotid, that we could fcldom prevail upon them to fell us a few at any price. Their nets are of an enormous li/e, with very finall medics, with which they catch abundance of the fmall fry; but while the) wereufuig both nets and lines with great fuccefs, we could not catch a (ingle tiih with either; not even with their hooks and lines, fomc of which wc had procurcil. The manner in which they drefs their food isfomcwhat fmgular. They firrt kindle a fire by rubbing the end of one pieceof dry wood together, in the fame manneras our carpenters w het a chillel. Having alio dug a pit alwut half a foot deep, and two or three yards in circumler- encc, they p;ive the bottom with large pebble ftones, laid dov\n fmooth and even, and then kindle a fire in it with dr\ \\(K)d, leaves, and the hulks of the cocoa»niit. When tile Uoncsarc fufticiently heated, they takeout the embers, and rake up the allies on every lidc; then ihev coser the Hones with a layer of green cocoa-nut tree leaves, and wrap up the animal that is to be ilrelfed in the leaves of the plaintain ; if a finall hog they wrai) it up whole, if a large one they Iplit it. \\'hcn it is placed in the pit, they cover it with the hot embers, and lay upon them bread-fruit and yams, which are alfo wrapped up in the leaves of the plaintain: over thcfe thev fp read the remainderof the embers, mixing among them fomc of the hot Hones, with more leaves upon them, and laftly, to keep the hear in, they clofe all up w ith earth. .Xfter a time proportioned to the li/c ol what is drcfllng, the oven is opened, and the me.it taken out, which is tender, full of gravy, and, iu the opinion of Captain Wallis, better in every rcijieCt than that which is drefled in the European manner. Theironly fauces arc fruit ainl fait water ; and their knives are made of (hells, with which they carve very dcxtcroufly, always cutting from them. They were greatly a(lo- nilhcd when they faw meat boiled in a pot by our gun- ner, who, while he prefidqd over the market, ufed to dine on (hore; but from the time that the old man was in polTcflion of an iron pot, he, and his friends, had boiled meat every day. The iron poti w hich the Cap- tain gave to the queen, were alfo conllantly in ufe. The only liquor thcfe jx"ople have for drinking, is water; and they are ignorant of the art of fcnnenting the juice of any vegctiible, fo as to give it an intoxicating quality. It is true they occat'ionally pluck and chew pieces of the fugar cane, but have no idea of cxtradling any fpirit Irdiu it. IJy the fears, with which many of thcfe people arc marked, it feems evident, that they fometimes engaged in war with each other. The remains of wounds that were vilible appeared to be made with ftones, blud- geons, or other blunt weapons. That they have flcill in furgery, the following inftance afforded us fufficicnt proof. Oneof ourfailors, when on fliore, had a large fpliiner run into his foot, and his meffmate tried in vain to extrad it with a pen-knife. The old Indian, who hap- pened to be prefent, called over one of his countrymen, who was (landing on the oppofite fide of the river, w ho, having examined the feanun's fixK, went immediately down to the beach, and taking up a (hell, broke it to a point with his teeth; with this inllrumenthe laid open the place, and drew out thi fplintcr. In the mean time the old man repaired to a wood, rfnd returned with fomc ' gum of the apple tree, ami, having Ipread it u\uii\ a piece of cloth, applied it to the wound, winch, in mo days tintc, was perfcdtly healed. Our furgenii m. terwards ufed this vulnerary balfam with gie.u Un . ccfs. In this ifland are fcveral (hcds em lofrd uitlmi i wall, and the area is generally paved with large Kum | Hones; but it appcareil not to be imichtKnlilcii, ((ir th.' gralii gr;w every where betwi > n them. On the omiijc of the wall were Icveral rude li;^',uies rcleml>linf> uki\, women, hogs and dogs, carved on polls, iliai Wd, fixed in the ground. We do not think thelc plau^,ll,. fet apart for religious worrtiip, of which we coiiiil not difcovcr the lead traces among thefc people; but weuin- jccture they may be repolitories ot the dead, for we faw many of tnc native* enter them, with a (low pace ii\J dejected countenance. They have three kinds of canoes. One arc •^iirim.J out of lingle trees, ufed chiefly (iir filliing, aiui carry from two to lix men. U'e faw many of thelc iipun the reef. A fecond fort are made of planks feweil in.aiy together, and large enough to liold forty men. Tuonl them are generally lafhed together, having two malts fet up between them; but, if lingle, thcv have an onr- rigger on one !ide, and only one mail in the iiiultilc. They fail in thcfe beyond the fight of land, probaliK m other idands, and bring home plaintaiiis, bananas, aiul other fruits. A third kind, not unlike ihcgomlolas oi Venice, arc intended principally tiir Ihew, and ulid hy parties of plcafure. 'J hcfearc verv luge, Imt have n-t any fails. The middle is covereii with a larj',c awiiiiif^, and fomc of the people (it ufxin it ami Ionic umkr ii. On thetiril and fecund day alter our arrival, liiini- oi thelV vcHcls came near the (hif); but alterwards wi mm;, fuv, three or tour times a weik, a procellioii olimjit or ten of them palling at ailillancc, with ItieaiiuTs ih. iiig.and u great numberoftiiull canoes attciuliiigilui!i, Tiiey frequently rowed to the outward point ot ,i n.'it, that lay about four nulcs to the wctluanl oi us, wlkii they continued about an hour and then returned. I litli procellioni are made only in tine weather, and on liuli occalions the people on lx)ard are drcHed ; thoiiuh in the other canoes, they have nothing but a piece ol < 'rtii wrapped round the iniddle. Thole in the larii. >a iv>es, who rowed and ItcereJ, were lirelitd in\iliitt'. thole who fat upon the awning ami under u.iii wli.t. a:i,l red; and two men, who were inounteil on the juoa ol each vclkl, in red only. 'J'he plank ot'tliele vrlivis i« made by Ipliiting a tree, W'ith the fzrain, mio as unn, thin pieces as they can. The tree is InlHelled witii kind of hatchet, or adze, I'lade of a haidgreenilh llunc, fitted very completely int handle: it is then cut uitu fuch lengths, as arc requircJ tor the plank, one emi ot" which is heated till it begins to crack, and then wiili wedges of har( wood they fplit it tlown: fome of tlitfe planksaiv two feec broad, and from 1 5 to :o feet long. They finooth them with adzes of the fame matirials and conflruction, but of a final ler fi/e. We law lix or eight men t'oiuetimes at work upon the fame plank, and, as their tools foon lofc their edge, every man has by him a cocoa-nut Ihell filled with water, and a flat fhmc, whereon he fharpens his .adze almotl every niiniirc. The planks arc generally brought to the thickiuls ot about an inch, and arc afterwards fitted to the boat with the fame exaCtnefs a» would be expected from an i.x|hii joiiKr. To fatten thcfe planks together, liolcs arelvinJ, through which a kind of plaited i.orilage is palini, but our nails anfwered the purpofc of taflening them iik'.c- thcr much better. The feams are caulked with dncJ rufhes, and the whole out(idc of the canoe is paid with a gummy fubdance, produced from their trees, and which is fuhllituted in the room of pitih. The wotxj which they ufe for their large canoes, is that of the ap- ple tree ; w hich grows very large and Ihait. Many of ihefe meafqred near eight feet in the girth, and from twenty to forty in the branches, with very little diniimi- tion in the lizc. Their fmall canoes are nothing more than the hpllowed trunks of the bread-fruit-tree, whuh is ftill more light and fpongy. The trunk of dm ticc is fix feet in girth. In the opinion of Captain Wallis, this ifland of Ori- hcit« Captain WAI,MS» VOVACif.— lor making Difcovcrics in the Southern Ocean, &c. 269 hcite is one of the moft healthy as well as ilelightful fpot* in the world. The climate apjiear-i to lie very ffOod,»nd we faw no appearance ot dilpile among the natives. The hilU are covered with wood, and the vaU Icyi with herbage. The air in general is lb pure, that, notwithftanding the heat, our flcHi meat kept very wt'l twodayi.and our fifli one. We met with no frog, toad fcorpion, centipied, or ferpcnt, of any kind; and th^- only troublefome infers that we faw w ere ants, of which there were but few. The fouth-eaft part of the illand fccmstobc better cultivated and inhabited than where we lay, for we faw every day boats come round from thence laden with plantains and other fruits. While wr lay off this ifland, the bcneht we received, with refpcct tothefliip's company, was beyond our moft finguinc cxpcdations, for we had not now an inv.did aboard, except the two lieutenants, and the captain, and they were recovering, though ftiU in a feeble condition. Many alTertions have been advanced with rcfjiecl to the firft introducers of the venereal difeafe into this ifland. " It is certain, (obfcrves Captain Wallis) that none of our people contracted the venereal dircalehcre, and therefore, as they had free commerce with great numbers of the women, there is the greatel> probability that it was not then known in the countrv. It was, however, found here by Captain Cook in the Endeav- our, and as no European vclfcl is known to have vi- dtei this illand before Captain Cook's arrival, but the Dolphin, and the Boudeule and Etoil, coiimiamlai by M. Bougainville, the reproach of having contaminated with that dreadful pert, a race of happy people, to w hoin it5 niifcrics had till then been unknown, mull be due either to him or to iTie, to England or to France: and I think' myfelf happy to be able to exculpate myfelf anJmy rountry beyond apodibility ofa doubt. It is well known, that the furgeon on lioard his majelly's (hips keeps a lift of the perfons who arc lick on board, fpccifying their difealcs, and the times whin they came under his care, and when they wert dil'chargcd. It happened that l' was once at the p.-.y tabic on board a fliip, when feveral failors objeded to the payment of the furgeon, allcdging, that although he had discharged them from the lilt, and reported them to be cured, yet their cure was incomplete. Erom this time it has been my conftant pradice w hen the furgeon rejiortcd a man to be cured, who had lieen upon the lick lift, to call the man before me and afk him whether the report was true: f he alU dged that ^ny fymptoms of his com- plaint remained, I continued him upon the lift; if not, I required hin • i confirmation of the furgeon's report, to fign the bo< which was n1v»ays done in my prc- fence. A copy . 'he fxck lift 1 lioard the Dolphin, during this voyaj;. nre Ibip, was difcharged cui , and (igncd the book on ' he a7th of December 1 766, i.oar fix months before our * rival at C^taheite, which was on the 19th of June 1767; and that ti:c lirft man who was upon the lift for that difeai« in our return home, was entered on the 36th of February 1 768, lix months after we left the ifland, which was on the 26th of July 1 767 ; fo that t!. . (hip's company was mtirely free fourteen months v.iilimone day.the very middle of which time we fpent ;it I >aheite: and the man who wa.s tirft entered as a vc- nerc I "patient, in our return home, was known to have ci :^K 'Pi -'•C" canoes, indthen an rttra* oftrtettl yet the I lion that copper returne* reported at two < choragc_ coral. ' *hcre, moor, in with a { thcoffic Wallis's igmin. hoifted i where \ the curr fail tot OnF latitude; :^> m ■'%fi-- '■iff i p lA^l CaptaiK WALLIS'tfVOyAGt;— for making* Difdovtfries in>Ae' Southern Oc«an, ice. 271 anoes, all atbng' the reef till they got to the breach, and then they rowed back. We flisul here remark, a» an ^xtraonlinaiy ciicumftahce,. that although no fbrt of rtcial was fcen Off any of the lately difcoveredi iHands, yet the natives weri no fooner poflefli^ of a; piece of iron than they began to ftiarpen' it, bUt did not treat copper or bral's in the fame ihannier. When the boats returned, which was about fix in theevienine, the mafter rtported, that all within the reef Was rocky, but that at two or three places without it there was zood an- chorage in i^, 14, afnd 12 £tthoms, upon nnd and coral. The openiitf; in the reef is 60 fathoms broad, \ihcrc, if prened by neceditjr, a( fliip may afnchor, or moor, in etght fathoms ; but it will not be fafe to moor with a greater length than half a cable. This ifland the officers called dfter the name of our commander, Wailis's Ifland. It it fituated in latitude 13 deg. I ? inin. fouth, and in 1 77 deg. wift longitude. Having hollaed in our boats We ran down four miles to leeward, where we lay till the morning; and then, finding that the current had fct us out of light of the iflr'.nd, we made fail totheN. W. On Friday the 28th, wecrofled the line into nonhem latitude, our longinide being, by obfcrvation, 187 deg. 24 min. weft from London. During this courfc many birds were feen about the fliip, one of which was caught, and refemblcd exadly a dove in fize, (hape, and colour. On the 29th, in latitude 2 deg. 50 min. north, and in 188 deg. weft longitude, we crofled a great rippling, which ftretched from the N. E. to the S. W. as far as the eye could reach from the maft-head. We founded, but found no bottom, with a line of 200 fathoms. On the ird of September, bcin^ Thurfday, we faw land, which was thought to be two of the Pifcadone Iflands. The latitude of one of them is 1 1 deg. north, longitude 192 deg. 30 min. weft, and that of the other II deg. 20 min. north, longitude 192 deg. 58 min. At five o'clock, A. M. we faw more land in the N. W. and at fix, in the N. E. obfcrvcd an Indian prow, futh as is defcrlbetl in the account of LokI Anfon's voyage. Perceiving flic made towa.:'« us, we hoifted Spanifli colours : but (he came no nearer than -.vithin two miles, at which diftancc flic tacked, ftood to the N. N. W. and was out of fight in a fliort time. On the 7th. we faw a curlew, and on the 9th, we caught a land bird, very much refemblinwa ftarling. On Thurf- day the 17th, we obfcrved in latitude 15 deg. north, longitude 212 deg. 30 min. W. On the i8tn, at fix o'clock, A. M. we defcried the illand of Saypan, bearing W. by N. diftant ten leagues. In the afternoon we came in fight of Tinian, made fail for tie read; and on Saturday the 19th, we came to an anchor in 22 fathoms, fandy ground, at about a mile diftant from the (hone, and half a mile from the reef. We loft no time, after the fliip was fccured, in fending the boats on ftiore, to eredt tents, and procure fomc re- frcflinicnts. In a few hours they returned with oranges, limes, and cocoa-nuts. The furgeon, w ith all the in- valids, were landed with the utmoft ex|Kdition ; alfo the fmith's forge, and a cheft of carpenter's tools. The Captain and Hrft lieutenant, both being in a very fickly condition, went likcwifc afliore, taking with them a mate and 1 2 men to hunt for cattle in the country. On the 20th, the mafter informed us, that there was a better fituation to the fouthward ; we therefore warped the fhip a little way up, and moored with a cable each Way. At fix o'clock in the evening, our hunters brought in a fine young bull, of near joo weight, part of which we kept on (hore, and fent the remainder on board, with a good fupply of fruit. The amount of the pco- pie now on (hore, fickand well, was 53. On tbe 31ft, M c higflti the ncceflary repairs of the (hip. The car- penters Were fet at work to caulk her : all the fiiils were got on (htn-e, and the fail -makers wei'e employed to tnend thenl: while the arntourers were bufy on the iron work, and making new chains for the rudder. The fick recovered very faft from the day they firft breathed the land air : this, however, was fo^ilrarent from what wc found it in Otaheite, thUfldh meat. '» ■" which there kept fweet two days, could here be fcarccly kept fweet one. Near the bnding-place we faw the remaihs of mahy coc6x>nut treCsj which had all been wantonly cut down fattthe friJit; and we were obliged to go three milfcs into the country to procure a fingia nut. The hunters alf6 (ufiered incredible fatigue, going filequently 10 on 2 nhiles, through one continued thicket, and the cattle were fo wild, that it was very difficult to come near them. On this account one party was ordered to relieve another ; and Mr. Gore with 14 men were ftationed at the north part of the ifland, wh^re cattle were in much greater plenty. A» day-break every morning, a boat went off to bring in. what they caught, or killed, and in this ifland we pro- cured beef, poultry, papaw apples, and all the other re- frelhments, of which an account is given in LordAnfon's voyage: but which differs in fome particulars from the report made of this place by Commodore Byron. Enuring oiir ftay at this place, the fliip was laid down by the ftern, to get at fome of the flieathing which had. been much torn; and in repairing the copper, the carpenter difcovercd and flopped a leak under the lining of the knee of the head, by which we had reafon to hope moft of the water, that the velTcl had lately admitted in foul weather, came in. OnThurfday the ifthof Odobcr, all the fick being recovered, our wood and water completed, and the Dolphin made fit for fea, every thing was ordered on board from the fliorc ; and all our men were embarked from the watering-place, each having, at leaft, 500 limes ; and we had fevcral tubs full of the famt fruit on the quarter deck, for every one of the crew to fqueczc into his water what he (hould think fit. On the 16th, at day break, wc weighed, and failed out of the bay, fending the boats at the fame time to the north end of the ifland, to bring off Mr. Gore and his hunters. At noon they came on board with a fine large bull which they had juft killed. On Wednefday the 21 It, we held on a wefterly courfe; and on the 22nd, Tinian being diftant 277 leagues, we faw fcveral birds, parti- cularly three refemblmg gannets, of the fame kind that we had feen when within about 30 leagues of Tinian. On the 23rd, and the two following days it blew a violent ftorm, and we had much thunder, lightning, rain, and a great fea. The fliip laboured very much: the rudder became again loofc, and fliook the flcrn, a defedt which wc had before experienced, and which ue thought had been remedied at Tinian. The gales in- creafing fplit our gib and main-top-maft flay-fail: the fore-fail, and mizcn fail were torn to pieces ; and, having bent others, we wore, nnd ftood under a reefed fore-lail, and balanced mizen. The clYe&s of the florin were more dreaded, as the Dolphin admitted more water than (he had done at any time during the voyage. Soon after we had got the top-galIant-mal>s dow n uj-.on the deck, and took in the gib-boom, a fea ftruck the (hip upon her bow, and wa(hed away the round-houfes, with all the rails of the head, and every thing upon the fore-caftle: nevcrthelefs, we were forced to carry as much fail as the (hipwould bear, being by Ixird Anion's account near the Bafliee Iflands ; and by Commodore Byron's, not more than 30 leagues, with a lec-fliorc. The inceflant and heavy rain had kept every man on board wet to the (kin for more than two days and two nights, and the fea was breaking continually over the flnp. A mountainous one, on Tualday the 27ch, ftavcd all the half ports to pieces on the ftarboard-lide, broke all the iron ftanchions on the gunwale, waflitd the boat off the (kids, and carried many things overboard. We were, however, this day favoured with a gleam of fun- Ihinc ( and on the 28th, the weather became more vncf- dcrate. At noon we altered our courfe, ftccring S. by W. and paft one o'clock, we fiw the Bafliee Ifland* bearing from S. by E. to S. S. E. diftant fix leagues. Thefe are all high, but the northernmoft is higher than the reft. Grafton Ifland, one of them is laid dow n by Captain Wallis in the latitude of 21 di::g. 4 min. north, and in 239 deg. weft longitude; but Captain King, in his'rclation of the conclufion of the laft voyage ofdif* covcry H^ 272 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. covcry, aflcrts that this is erroneous, as the Refolution and Difcovery fought for them in vain in that pofition ; ai.d Mr. Dalrymple in his maps has laid them down in 1 1 8 dcg. 1 4 min. eaft longitude. At midnight of this day, the weather being very dark, with ludden pnftsof wind, we miifcd one Edmund Morgan, a marine taylu;. It was fupiwfcd he had fallen overboard, when under the influence of intoxication, he having found means to indulge himfclf with more than his allow- ance. On Tuefday the 3rd of November, at feven o'clock, A. M. we difcovcred a ledge of breakers, in latitude 1 1 deg. 8 min. north, dittant three miles. At eleven we faw another (hoal in latitude 10 d^. 46 min. N. diftant f?ve miles. At noon we hauled on, being dillant from them not more than one fourth of a mile. At one o'clock P. M. we faw flioal water on our larboard bo^y, and, ftanding from it, paflcd another ledge of breakers at two. At three o'clock we had in light a low fandy point, in latitude i o dcg. 40 min. N. and in 247 dcg. 1 2 min. weft longitude, to w hlch the name was given of Sandy Ifle. At five, in 10 dcg. 37 min. N. latitude and in 247 dcg. 16 min. W. long, we faw a fmall iftand, which was named Small Key. Soon after, in latitude TO dcg. 20 min. N. longitude 247 deg. 24 min. another larger was fecn, and called Long Idand. On Wedncf- day, the 4th, we fell in with a fourth illand, in latitude I o dcg. 10 min. N. and in 247 deg. 40 min. W. lon- gitude. This we named New Ifland. On Saturday, the 7th, having continued our courfc, we palled through feveral ripplings of a current: and this day wc faw great quantities of drift wood, cocoa-nut leaves, things like cones of firs, and weeds, which fwam in a ftrcani N. K. and S. W. At noon we obferved in latitude 8 dcg. 36. min. N. longitude 253 deg. W. At two o'clock, P. M. wc dv;fcricd from the mall head the ifland of Con- done, which lies in latitude 8 deg. 40 min. N. and in 354 deg. 1 5 min. weft longitude by our reckoning. On the 8th, we altered our courfe,and on the 9th, the Cap- tain look from the petty ofliccrs and fore-maft men all their li)g and journal hooks relative to the voy.nge. On Friday the 13th, wc came in light of the iflaiids Ti- nioun, Aros, and Pcfang. On Monday the i6th, wc again crollcd the lire into fouth latitude, in the longi- tude of 255 dcg. W. and foon after we faw two iflands, diftant feven leagues. On the 17th, we had tempcihi- ous weather \\ ith heavy rain. The two iflands proved 10 be Pulo Tote, and Pulo Wefte ; and having made fail tilloneo'ilock P. M. we faw at thattiincthc feven iflands. On the iSth.at two o'clock, A. M. a fingular incident happened. At tiiis time the weather was fo tcmpcftu- ous and dark, that we could not fee from one part of the ftiip to the other, wc iwd alfo heavy fqualls and much rain. During the full violence of the wind, a flalli of lightning fudUenly difcovered a large veffel clofe aboard of us. The ftccrfnum inilantly put the helm a lee, and the l>)Iphin anfwering her rudder, juft cleared the other fliip, and thus cfcapcd the impcndingdcftrudion, which thrcattnid to bury for ever in the vaft deep every cir- cumftance of the voyage. This was the firft ftiip that had been fcen lince our parting with the Swallow in April J and it blew fo hard, that, not being able to un- derrtand any thing that was faid, wc could not learn to what nation flie belonged. The weather having cleared up at fix o'clock. A, M. wc faw a fail at anchor in the K. S. 1£. and at noon came in fight of Pulo Taya, near Avhich we anchored atlix in the evening, in 15 fathoms, fandy ground. On the 19th we failed again, and faw two velfcls a-head of us. but, finding wc loft much ground, came to an anchor again in 15 fathoms. On Friday the 20th, our fmall b<)wer anchor parted, and could not be recovered. We immediately took in the ca- ble, and perceived that it had been cut through with the rocks. On the 22nd, at half an hour after fix A. M. wc faw the coaft of Sumatra ; and call anchor in Batavia road on Monday, the 30th. On Tuefday, the i ft of December, we faluted the go- vernor with 1 3 guns, which, contrary to the ufual cuf- tom, he returned with one more, inftcad of one Icfs, from the fort; and pcrmilTion having been obtiiined to purchafc provifions, we were fOon ^plicd with beef and plenty of vegetables,^ which the Captain ordered to be ferved immediately : at the fame time he tuld the (hip's comp.nny, that he would not fuifer any liquor to be brought OB board, and would feverely punilh thofc who made fuch an attempt, obferving, in order to reconcile them to this re^^lation, that intemperance, particularly in a too free ufe of arrack, would inevitably deftroy them. As a further prcfcrvativc, the captain would not fuHer a man to ^o on ihcre, except upon duty, nor were even thefe permitted to go into the town. At this time 14 fail of Dutch Kaft Indiamen, and a great number of fmall veifels were laying in this road. Here alfo ue faw the Falmouth, an Englifli man of war, of 50 guns, lying upon the mud in a rotten condition. She touched at this inhofpitable place, on her return from Manila, in the year 1762, and was condemned. On examin- ing the ftores and Ihip, every thing was found in fo decayed a ftate, as to be totally ufelcfs. The officers and crew of this ftiip were in a miferabic condition. The boatfwain through vexation and diftrefs had loft his fenfes, and was at this time in a Dutch hofpital : the carpenter v as dying; and the cook a wounded cripple. The warraiit officers belonging to this wreck ptefcnted a petition to Captain Walfis, rcqucfting that he would take them on board the Dolphin. They ft.ated, that nothing now remaincti for them to look after; that they had ten years pay due, which they would gladly 'clin- quilh, to be relieved from their prefent fufterings, as the ireatiucnt they received from the Dutch was moft in- human. 1 hey were not ix-rmitted to fpcnd a fmglc night on flicre, and in ficknelii no one vilited them on board : they were beiides robbed by the Malays, and in continual dread ot being inurdeted by them. Captain Wallis told them, with the utinoft regret and coinpaf- fion, that the relief they prayed for, it was not in his pow cr to render ; that as they had received charge of ftores, they muft wait for orders from home ; but he alfured them he would do all in his power to relieve them; and with this remote confutation only, the poor neglected, forgotten, unallifted fullering Engliilimcn took their leave with tears in their eyes. About fix months before Captain Cook touched at Batavia, on board the Endeavour, in 1770, the IDutch thought fit to fell the Falmouth, and all her damage«l ftorcn, by public auction, and fent the ofliccrs home in their own fliips. The exorbitant prices which were demanded for cordage, and every other article which the Dolphin ftood in need of, obliged Captain Wallis to leave the place without procuring any thing of that kind, although his need of them was very great. During ourftay at this place, w hich was eight days, the molt falutary re- gulations were eftablilhed, in order, if |X)flible, to prc- fervc the crew from the malignity of the climate; and the moft beneficial confcquenccs enl'ucd. The fliip's company continued fober and healthy the whole time; f r, except a failor who had t)een atnitted with rheu- matic pains ever fince wc had left the Straits of Magellan, only one man was on the lick lift. On Wcdnefday the 2nd, our boatfwain and carpenter were fent to examine fuch of the ftores, belonging to the Falmouth, as had been landed at OnrulV, with orders, that if any were fit for our ulc they ftiould be purchafed. On their return they reported, that all the ftores they had furvcyed were rotten, except one pair of tacks, which they brought with them: the inafts, yards, and cables, were all dropping to pieces; and even the iron work was fo rufty that it was worth nothing. They alfo examined her hulk, and found her in a moft fluttered condition. Many of her ports were wafticd into one ; the ftern poft was quite decayed ; and there was no place in her where a man could t>e Iheltercd from the weather. The few unhappy fuftcrcrs who remained in her. were in as wretched a ftate as the ftiip, being quite broken ;ind wore down, and expec< ting to be drowned as loon as the monfoon IhouiJ kt in. Among other ncccflarics, w? were in want of an anchor, .1 m amrriii Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 273 anchor, and of three inch rope for rounding the cables ; but the officcrj, whom the Captain fcnt to procure thcfc articles from the Dutch, as he could not be fupplied with them from the Falmouth, reported, that the price which had been demanded for thenrt was fo 'unrea- fonable, that they had not agreed to (jive ir. On Saturday the 5th, therefore, the Captain himfclf went on (ht ', for the firft time, but found it impollible, after having vifitcd the various ftorc-houfcs and arfcnals, to make a better bargain than his officers would have done. Wc now fulpedVed that the Dutch thought to take advantage of our apparent riecelTity, and, fup- pofing wc could not depart without what wc had offered to purchafc, were determined to extort from us more than four times its value. But the Captain rcfolvcd to make any fhift, rather than fubmit to what he knew to be a Ihamcful inipofition, and therefore told them, that he would give them till next Tuefday to come to his terms, at which time, if they did not, he would certain- ly, if it were pofTible, fet fail without taking the things he had treated for. Accordingly, on the 8ih, haviiij^ heard nothing more about the anchor and rope, we fail- ed from the road of Batavia, at iix o'clock, A. M. On Friday the 1 1 th, at noon, wc were between the coafts oi Sumatra and Sava, when fcveral o*" the crew began to be aftedcd with colds and fluxe. On the 12th, ;i Dutch boat came along iidc, and fome turtles were pur- chafed for the ufc ©f our company. At night, being at the dilhnce of two miles from the Java fhore, we faw in amazing number of lights on the beach, intended, as we imagined, to draw the fifti near thereto. On the 14th, we anchored off Prince's Idand, at which plate wc took in wood and water ; and the next morning, the natives came down with turtle, poultry, and hog-deer, which they parted with at moderate rates, licte we lay (ill the 19th, during which time one of the feamcn fell from the main-yard into the barge, which lay along-fide the c of GoiJd hope, anvTcamc to an anchor in Tabic Bay : iii the run to which place from Prince's Ifland, the Dolphin had got 3 deg. to (he eaftward of her reckoning. We found riding in the bay a Dutch com- modore, with 16 fad of Dutch Eaft Indiamcn, a French l^aff India fliip, aid the Admiral Watfon, Captain Griffin, an Ealt India packet-boat for Bengal. The Captain having fert ';hc ufual corriplimcnts to the governcr, he reccivid our officer with great civility, alfuring him, that v e were welcome to all fuch re- frclhinents and affiftancc that the cape afforded, and tlut he would return our falute with the fame number of guns, We therefore faluted the governor with 13 gun^, and he returned the full compliment. Admiral Watfijn fijliitcd us with eleven guns, and wc returned nine : the Frenchman falutcd us with nine guns, and we returned fcvcn. We now loft no time in procuring frelh meat and vegetables for the ufc of the fick. The furgeon was fent on fliorc to hire lo.-lgings for them ; but as the rate demanded was two (hillings a day, and as the fmall-pox, (which many of our crew had not had) raged furioully in almolt every houfc in Cape Town, Captain Wallis obtained permiflion of thie governor, to ered tents on a fpacious plain called Green point, about two miles diftant from the town, where the invalids were fint during the day, and every evening returned to the ftiip. At the fame time pofitive orders were given, that no liquors (hould be fent to the fliip, or the tents ; that no one (hould be permitted to go into the town ; and that extra provilions (hould be procured for thofe who were moll reduced by ficknefs. Much relief was found the very firft day of their be- ing on fliore ; on their return in the evening, at fix o'clock, they fcemed to he greatly refrcflied j and a general recovery rapidly took place. Captain Wallis being himfelf extremely ill, was put on fliore, and car- ried eight miles up the country, where he continued the whole lime that the fliip remained here, and when Ihe was ready for fea, he returned on board, but without having received the Icaft benefit. Every man who was able to do any kind of duty, was now employed in the neccflary repairs of the fliip ; the fails were all un- bent, the yards and top-mafts ftruck, the forge was fet up, the carpenters were engaged in caulking, the fail- makers in mending the fails, the cooper in repairing the callus, the people in overhauling the rigging, and the boats in filling the water. The heavy work being nearly done by Wednefday the loth, feveral of the men, who had been ieizcd with the finall-pox, were permitted to viUt the town ; and thofe who had not been touched with that malignant dillcmpcr, were allowed to take daily walks in the country ; and as they did no: abufe this liberty, it was continued to them as long as the fliip remained at the cape. At this place, the ne- ceffaries that could not be bought of the Dutch at Ba- tavia, were purchafed reafonabtv ; and frcfti water wa^ procured by diftiliation, with a view of convincing the biitth, how cafily water might be procured at fea. Nothm"^ can be more ftrongly <;qntrafted, than the 3 Z conduct ^.M.i^kMH'o 274 VOYAGES R O U N D the W O R L D C o m i- i. k i k conduft 6f the Dutch at Batavia, and at the Cape. The ACiatic Dutch can fcarcely be induced to render the common offices of humanity to fuch of their fpecies who relbrt to them to be favcd from the jaws of death, and their rapacity knows no bounds : the African Dutch are difpofcd to adminifter every com- fort to thofe who want relief, and in doing this no ex- tortion is pradifcd. The principle upon which the people at each fettlement att is ealilv to be tiaccd : at the firft place, they fufpect every foreign Kuropean (hip which enters their port as endangering a fecure pofFcf- fion of the moll valuable branch of their commerce; in the latter, the wealth of the inhabitants, as well as the emoluments of government, arc derived from the ofRcca of humanity which they difcharge. This day, at five o'clock, A. M. we put 56 gallons of fait-watcr into 'he Hill ; at feven it began to run, and, in little more than five hours, alforded us 42 gallons of frefli water, at an expencc of nine pounds of wood, and 69 pounds of coals. What we drew off had no ill tallc, nor, as we had often experienced, any hurtful quality. Captain VV'allis never once put tVfi flup',s company to an allowance of water, during the whole voyage, always ufing the ftill, when we were reduced to 45 tons, and preferving the rain water with the utmull diligence; nor would he permit water to be fetched aw;iy at plea- fure ; but the oilicer of the watch had orders to ferve out a fufticient quantity to thofe who might want it for tea, coffee, grog, and provi lions of any kind. On Thurfday the 26th, we had nearly got on board all our vortd and water; all our hatuls, and ihe tents were brought off from the fhore ; and, n[!on a general imiller, v.e had the happinefs to find, tha: in our wJioie coni- panv, three only were incapable of doing di.ty, and that we had loft only the fatne number, lince our dcjxirrure from B-itavia, by iickncfs. This day tlic aj.iain ranie onboard; and on the 27th and 28th, after Iiav^.f^llrwcd all our bread, aconfiderablcquiintiry"! (Ir.iw, a:; I nhove 30 (beep for fea ftorcs, wc unmooicd, and l.iy \ auing for a favourable wind. OnThuifday the'jrd of March, wc got iimler fail. From many obfervations we had an opportunity of makfng at Green Point, we determined Table Bay to lie in latitude 34 deg. 2 min. fouth; and in i 8 deg. 8 min. eaft longiti/de from Greenwich. On the 7ih, we were in latitude 29 deg. 33 min. fouth, longitude 347 deg. 38 min. from London. On Saturday the 13th, we found a day had been loft by having failed weftward 360 deg. from the meridian of London; we therefore called the latter part of this day, Monday the 1 4th of March. On Wcdnefday the i6th, at lix o'clock, P. M. we came in fight of the ifland of St. Helena, diftant 14 leagues; and on the 17th, at nine o'clock, A. M. we eaft anchor in the Bay. Wc found riding here the Northumberland Indiaman, Captain Milford, who faluted us with 1 1 guns, and we returned nine. All our boats being hoifted out as foon as pofTiblc, we fent one party to fill our empty cafks with water, arui others to gather purflain, of which there is great plenty. The Captain going on fhorc was faluted with 13 guns from the fort, which compliment we returned. The go- vernor and principal gentlemen of the ifland met him upon landing ; and having conduced him to the tort, requefted that he would make that place his refidence, during his flay ; but our water being completed, and the fhip made ready for fea, on the i8th. Captain Wallis returned on board ; upon which we unmoored, at five o'clock, P. M. got under way, and fet fail for our native country, happy old England. On Wednefday the 23rd, at hve o'clock, A. M. we had in view the iiland of Afcention ; and at cigh: a fail was fecn to the eaft ward, which brought to, and hoifted a jack at her .■(?f . •! »>< - > .- .t".*. main-top-nuift head ; but wc had no fooner fliewcd our colours than Ihc went about, and flood in for the land again. PafTing by the N. i'.. fide of the ifland, wc looked into the bay, but feeing noNelll'l tliere, and it blowing a ftift'g.ile, we held on our courfe. t)n .Mon- day the 28th, wc crofTed, for the fourth time, the eijui. noxial line, getting again into north latitude. On Wednefday the iith.of April, wc pafTed a great quantity of guipli uecd, and on 'I'uefday the iijih, |xf- cciving the water to be difcoloured, we founded, but could find no bottom. On the 24th, at fiveo'cloi k, .\. M. we came in light of Cape Pico, bearing N. N. E. diftant 18 leagues; and at ncwn, by obfervation, wc found Fyal to lie in latitude 38 deg. 20 min. north, and in 28 deg. 30 min. weft longitude from London. On Wednefday the 1 1 th of Mav, wc f'aw the Sa\ a r^ Sloop of war Captain Hammond, in ch.tce of a n(K);),'at which he fired feveral guns. On this we aifo fired, and brought her to. She belonged to Liverpool, was t.ilUd the Jenny, and commanded by Robert Chrillian. Cap. tain Hammond informed us, that when he firll hw hei, flic was in company with an Irilh wherry, and that as foon us tliey difcovercd him, they took diil'ercnt ways: the wherry hauled the wind, and the Jenny burr away. .'Vt firft he ftood after the wherry, but finding he gained no ground, lie bore away alter the Jenny, whd piohalilv would likcwifc havcouiliiiied him, and efcaped, iiad wi- not brought her to. She was laden w itli tea, braiidv and other goods, from Rofcoe in France. Mcr brandy and tea were in fmall kegs and bags. Cajitain Wallis J;. tained her, in order to her being fent to l'.ni;laiid, .is from all appearances, which were ftrongly againll htr, we judged mifs Jenny to be a Imuggler; for ilunigh failing a S. W. courfe, Ihc pretended to U: hound to Bergen in Norway. On the 13th, at five o'clock. A. M. the illands of .Scilly ap|)eared; and on Thuifilay the 19th, Captain Wallis landed at Haftings in Siitllf. On the following day this voyage was happily toiii- pleted, and the circumnavigation of the globe I'liccefs- fuily accomplifhcd ; for on Krii'ay the 20th, the Dolphin Yainc to an anchor in the Downs, having been t>^^ days from the time that flie took her departure tioni Plymouth Sound. A.s the main end propofcd bv t'l s arduous and hazardous unilertaking was to make dif- covcries. Captain Wallis, when navigating tiiole [i.Trts of the South Sea, which were iinpcrfecHy known, th.it nothing might cicape him, conrtantly laid to every night, and made fail only in the day; notwithftaniling which confidcrable delay in failing, he accompli Ihcd his voyage a month and a day fooner than his preikvcliiir had done in the fume circumnavigation. The ill health which the Captain complains of almoft through the voyage, may ferve as a fullicient apology lor the wan: of a more copious information in his narrative, con- cerning the places which he vifited, particularly Ota- heite, the Indian name of which he docs not mention. In the relations of this commander, we lee little of thai watchful attention, curiolity, and ardent delire, to " catch the manners living as they rife," which were pofTeffed by Captain Carteret, and which appear fi* eminently conl'picuous in Captain Cook, wherever he is, and in wnatever manner he is engaged ; yet injufticc to the rcfpe. 1 !T CHAP. I. !i The Swallow fails in company with the Dolphin, and Frederick Slorc-fljipf from Plymouth Sound, Fri,ljy the 2indrf Aiiguft, \';66—Piffage from thence to the Ijlaiid of Madeira— Proceeds on her vovaf^e to the Straits of Miigelhrn And anchors off Cape Virgin Mary — The bad condition of the Swallazv in her navigation through the Straits— IViib great difficulty reaches Port Famine — Is obliged to continue her voyage, after her commander had rcqiiejkd of Capuim %allis to alter her deflination — On the nth of April, 1 767, is feparated from her confnrt, the Dolphin, without the k.ijl hope of feeing her during the remainder of the voyage — The gallant behaviour of Captain Carteret in this alarming (Ituation — The run of the Swallar.v from the wcflern entrance of the Strait of Magellan to the ijland of Mafafuero— Incidents and tranfaUions vMJl thejhip lay nff this ijland — 0/fenations — She departs from Mafafuero and makes Sluten Charlotte's //lands — A defcriptionoftbeje and their inhabitants — An objlinate Jhirmijb with the natives of EgmonI Ijland defcrited , with an account of their country, canoes, and weapons. A D 766 C^"^ Thurfday the 2ift of Aupuft, our A. .170 -y^ (hip's company on board the Swal- low received two mor ns pay; and the next day, Friday the 22nd. we weighed and made fail, with the Dolphin and IreJcilckitore-fhip. Wc proceeded to- pc'hcr vvithoiit any material occurrence, till the 7th of Scffcnlitr, V. hc:i ve came to an anchor in the road of Madeira. On Tucfday the 9th, nine of our prime fca- mcn left the (liip fccrctly, and fwam on lliorc naked. They left behind them all their clothes ; and took only their money, which they h.id fecurcd in handkerchiefs that were tied round their waifts. They proceeded to- gether rill they came very neer the furf, when one of them, fomewhat terrified at the dafliing waves, which here break \crY high on the Ihore, returned to the Swallow, and was taken on board, but the reil boldly pulhcd through. While Captain Carteret was writing to '.he conful, entreating his afliftance to recover thole brave but imprudent fellows, whofc lofs would have been fcvcrely felt, he received a mcU'age, by which he was informed, that they had been found by the natives naked on (bore ; that they had been uken into cuftody, but would be delivered up to his on^ler. A boat was inftantly difpatched to bring them on board, where they cut a mod ridiculous figure, and fcemcd heartily aflumed of what they had done. When our noble Captain came upon deck, he appeared picafed at feeing the marks of contrition in their countenances, and alked in the mild tone of humanity, what could be their reafonsand motives for quitting the fliip, anddeferting the fervice of their country, at the rilk of being de- voured by (harks, or daihed to pieces by the furf againft the (liore. To this they replied, that though they had indeed, at fuch rifks, ventured to fwim on (bore, yet they had never entertained a thought of de- ferring the (hip, which they were determined to (land by as long as (lie could fwim ; but that being well alTurcd they were going a long voyage, and none being able to tell who might live or who might die, they thought it hard to be deprived of an opportunity of (pending their own money, and therefore refolvcd once more to get a (kinful of liquor, and then to have fwam back to the (liip, which they cxpcded to have done before they were n.iflcd. The Captain having deter- mined fecretly not to inHiiit the punifliment by which they feemcd moft heartily willing to expiate their fault, did not fcrutinize fevercly their apology, obfervingonly, that with a (kmful of liquor they would have been in a very unlit condition to fwim through the furf to the (liip ; and, hoping they would cxpofc their lives only upon more important occalions, and that he (liould in future have no caufe to complain of their ccndud, upon thefe conditions, he would for this time be fatisficd with that lliame and regret, which he perceived plainly imprinted on their countenances, and which indicated a proper fcnfc of their niilbehaviour; at the fame time, he advifed them to put on their clothes and turn in, being confident they wanted reft •, adding, that as gonJ fwimmers might probably be wanted in the coiirle of our voyage, he was very glad that he knew to uhom he might apply. Captain Carteret endeared hiuikit' veiy much to thefe men by this adl of tendcrnels, and he had fcarcely difmiffed them when he w.-is infinitclv gratified by the murmur of fatisfadion which inllanili,- ran through the (hip's company ; and the future con- ducl of the ofl'endcrs amply repaid his well tiim.\l lenity, theic being no fervice, during all the toils ami dangers of the voyage, which they did not pcrlorni, with a 7.eal and alacrity t'.it were much to thrir honour, and our advantage, as an example to t!ie reft. Friday the 12th of September, we failed nut of the road of Madeira ; and were now convinced, wc were fent upon a fervi, :c, to \\hich the Swallow an J her equipment were by no means equal ; for this day our commander received from Captain Wallis a copy of his inftrucitions, whoal'b appointed, in cafe of a fcpa- rat ion. Port Famine, in the Strait ofMajjcllan, to be the place of rend"zvous. We continued our voyage, without any matei il incident, till we reached Cape Virgin Mary, where wc faw the Putagonians, a full ac- count of whom has been given in our hiftory of the two expeditions performed by Commodore Byron and Ca - tain Wallis, in their circuit round the world ; anl as the particulars in the narrative before us are the unic, it will be ncedlcfs to recite them. With much labour, and at no inconliderable rifk, (for we could but fildoni make the Swallow tack, without a boat to tow her round) wc anchored in Port Famine, on the 28ih of December; where we unhung our rudder, and luvinf; made it fomewhat broader, we hoped to obtain an ad- vantage in working the (hip, but in this particular wc were entirely difappointed. A D 1767 On lucfday tht ! ihof Kbruary, afirr ' ■ ' '' having encountered many difficulties and dangers, we fteered into Ifland Bay ; and at this place our commander, in a letter to Captain Wallis, let forth in affedbng language, the ill condition of the Swallow, requefting of him to confider what was beft for the king's fervice, whether flic (hould be difmified, or con- tinue the voyage; to which Captain Wallis returned for anfwer, that as the Lords of the Admiralty had ordered the Swallow on this fervice, in conjundionwith the rXilphin, he did not think himfelf at liberty to alter the dcftination of the former. In confequence of this reply, founded only on the fingle opinion of Captain Wallis, we continued to navigate the ftrait in company with the Dolphin ; and as our Captain had pafl'cdit before, we were ordered to keep a-head and to lead the way, with liberty to anchor and weigh when and where we thought proper ; " but (to ufe Captain Car- teret's own words) perceiving, fays he, that the bad failing of the Swallow would fo much retard the W- phin, as probably to make her lofc the fcafon for getting 2 ■ into 4. Captain CARTERET's VOYAGE — for making Difcovcrlcs in the Southern Oli:an, 6cc. 277 into higli fouthcrn latitiuks, and defeat the intention ot the vo)agc, I pronofcd to Captain Waliis, that he Ihould lay the swallow up in Ionic cove or bay, ami that I Ihould attend and aimi him with her boats t-ill the ftrait (hould be pafTed, which would probably be inmuchiefs time than if he continued to be retarded by my fliip: and I urged as an additional advantage that he njight complete not only his ftock of provilions and (lores, but his company out of her, and then fend her back to England, with fuch of his crew as lickncfs had rendered unfit for the voyage ; propoling alfo, that in iny way home, I would examine the calkrn coall of Patagonia, or attempt fuch difcovcries as he fliould think proper. If this was not approved, and my know- If Jgc of the South Seas was thought nccelFary to the fuccefs of the voyage, I ofl'ercd to go with him on board the Dolphin, and give up the Swallow to be command- ed by his firrt lieutenant, whofc duty I would perform during the reft of the voyage, or to make the voyage myiclf in the Dolphin, if he would take the Swallow Kicktol'Jngland : but Captain Wallis was (lill of opinion, " that the voyage (liould be profccuted by the two Ihips jointly, purfuant to the orders that had been given i" but heafTurcd Captain Carteret, at the fame time, that, " in confideration of the very dangerous condition of the Swallow, the Dolphin Ihould continue to keep com- pany with her as long as it was pollibie, waiting her time, and attending her motions." 'I'he gtnrrous nature of Captain Carteret our readers will infer, from his not availing hinifelf of thisalfurancc, when Hating the con- duct of his fu|XTior ollicer in fo trying an indance. By this time the Swallow was become fo tbul, that with all the fails Ihe could let, it was not in her power to make fomuch way as the IJolphin, not even uhen the latter had only her top-fails and a rtcf in them: however, ■ndcr ihife trying ciiiumftanccs, we continued with our companion till the loth of April, on which day the wclkrn entrance of the lUait was open, and the great South Sea in light. W'c had hitherto, agreeable to orders, kept a-head, but now, the Dolphin being nearly abreaft of us, ilic let her fore-fail, which ft)on carried her a-head of us, and by nineo'clock in the evening flie vas out of fight, for when the day doled llie fliewed no lights. .'\ fine eaftcrn breeze blew at this time, of which, during the night, we maile every pofliblc iife, by carrying all our fmall fails, even to the top-gallant ftudding-fails, by which we were eiipolcd to great danger. On Saturday the i ith, notwithflnnding every means had been ufed to come up with the fugitive, yet fuch was the difparity of failing between the two lliips, that, at day-break, the top-fails of the Dolphin could only be fccn above the horizon; but wc could perceive llie had (liiddcd-fails fct; and at nine o'clock wc entirely loll light of her, judging flic might be then clear of the liraits mouth. The Swallow was now under the land ; and in this bad failing, ill provided rtiip, having neither a forge, nor a (ingle trinket on board, was our negleokd, hut gallant oiricer, dcftined to proceed over the vaft expanfe of the great Southern Ocean ; yet amidll all thcfe difcouraging circumftances, no (igns of defpon- dcncy were viliblc among our people, whom the Cap- tain encouraged by telling them, that though the Dol- phin was the bcft lliip, he did not doubt hut he fliould find more than equivalent advantages in their courage, ability, and good conduct. Such an afcendency over his fcamen, is a plain proof, how much they revered, confided in, and loved him. I'rom this day, we gave up all hope of feeing our confort again till wc fliould arrive in England, no plan of operation having been fettled, nor any place of rendezvous appointed, as had been done from England to the (trait. At noon, when abrealt of Cape Pillar, a ftrong gale from S. W. ob- liged us to take down our fmall fails, and haul clofe to the wind i foon after which we had the mortification to (ind, thai when wc had made two boards, we could not weather the land on cither tack. The gale in- creafed, driving before it a hollow fwell, and a fog came en, with violent rain, which compelled us to get clofe . ^^'3ir ■., .» ^ ,- * under the fouth-flioro. We now feni out our boat la fearch of ruefJay's Hiy, which is Ciid by Sir ]ohn \.ir- borough to lie about four leagues within il !| ■ ait, or ro find out any other good am horagc. At |ue o'clock, P. M. wc could not fee the land, tH)twirlif>aiuling its moun- tainous height, though within hah :i mile of it; and, at (ix, it wa.'i fo dark that we could not fee half the (hip's length. Ueing com einnt (or the fafety of our boat, wc put out liglus. mule liilCe lires, and fired a gun every half hour: and .it lafl flic reached tlic fliip, but had made no dil, overy either of Tucfday '.s Hay, or any other anchoring place; During the remainder of the night wc made fail, endeavouring to keep near the foulh lliorc. The next day, being the 1 2th, as fooil a^ it was light, the boat was fent out again to explore the fouth fliore (lor an anchoring plac e ; and at five o'clock, P. M. when we almolt defpaiicd of her return- ing in time, law her founding a Kiy, and (tood in after her. The mailer (iiid, that we might here Cafely caft anchor, which wc did aK)iit fix o'clock, and then the Captain retired to take fomc reft. In a few minutes after, he was diflurKxl by a univerfal fliout and tumult among the people ,pon deck, and the noifc of thofc below running to join them. When Captain Carteret came upon deck, the general cry was, the Dolphin! the Dolphin! in a tranfport of furpri/e and joy: but this delulive appearance foon vanillied, and piovctl to he only water forced up, and whirled in the aii by a guft of wind. The people were for a few miniires dejected by their difappointment, but before the Clnptaiii went down, he had the picafure to fee a return of their ufual fortitude and chccrfuliuls. 'I'he little bay where we now lay, is about three leaguc-s E. by S. from Cape Pillar, and bears S. by E. four leagues' from the ifland which Sir John Naiborougii called Weffminfter Hall. The wellern point of this bay has a rcCeniblancc to a pcrpciulicular oblong fquarc, like the wall of a houfc; within its entrance are three iflands, and within thtfe a very good harbour, with anchorage in between 25 and ,^0 fathoms, bottom foft mud, Wc anchored without the iflands, the pallagc on each fide of them being not more than a cable's length wide. Our (mail cov» is about two cables length broad ; and in the inner part is from 1 6 to 1 8 fathoms, but where we lay it is deeper. The lanxling is every where good, with plenty of wood, water, mufcles, and wild gcefe. As a current fets continually into it, our Captain is of oi^nion, that it has another communication with the fea to the fouth of Cape Dcfeada. Our mafter reported, that he went up it four miles in a boat, and could not then be above tour miles t'rom the weftcrn ocean, yet he ftill faw a w ide entrance to the S. W. Here wc rode out a very hard gale of wind, and, the ground being vcr>' uneven, we expected our cables to be cut in two everv mioutc, yet when wc weighed, to our great furprizc.'they did' not appear to have been rubbed in any part, though we found it very dillicult to heave them clear of the rocks. Irom the north lliorc of the wcllcrn end of the ftrait of Magellan, the land, which is the wcltcrn coaft of Pata- gonia, runs nearly N. and S. being a group of brokca iflands, among which are tliofclaid down by.Sharp, by the name of the Duke of York's Iflands. They arc' in- deed pbccdby liim at a conliderablcdiflancefiom the coalt, but if there had been many iflands in that litua- tion, the Dolphin, the Taniar, or the Swallow, muft have fecnthem. Till wc came into this latitude, we had tolerable weather, and little or no current in any direc- tion, but when northward of 48 deg. wc had a current fettiiig Itrongly to the north, lo that probably wc then opened the great bay, which is faid to be 90 Iea(Ti.cs deep. Here wc found a prodigious fwell from°the N. \V. and the winds generally blew fiom the fame quarter. On Wcdncfday the 15th, we once more got again ajjrcaft of Cape Pillar; but between five and (r« o'clock A. M. juft as wc opened C>.pe Dcfeada, the wind.fud- dcnly (hifting, and its exccflivc violence, produced a fea ' ' fo dreadfully hollow, that wc wee* in the utmoft danger of finking; yet wc could not ftiorten fail, it being newf-- -^ '^ •• fary 878 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Compibtb. fary to carry all wc could fprcad, for fear of running foul of fomc rocky iflandi, whicht in Narborough ■ voyage, arc called the iflandt of Dircllioni nor could yit now CO back into the ilrait, withr jt the danger of running foul of a lce-(hore, towards which the Ihip fettled very fad, notwithftanding our utmoft ctforts. Thus tirciimftanced, wc were obliged to ftave the water-iCaiks on and between the decks, in order that ihe might carry better fail, and by this expedient we tTcapcd the threatened deRrudtion. Wc now got into the open Tea, after a very providential deliverance, fur had the wind again Ihifted, the Swallow mud have been unavoidably lod. Having got clear of the Strait of Magellan, we (leered to the northward along the coaft of Chili, intending to make the ifland of Juan Fer- nandcs, or Mafafuero, that we >night incrcafc our (lock of water, which at this time amounted only to between four and (ivc and twenty tonsi, a quantity not futlicient for fo long a voyage a.i was pipbably before us. On the 1 6th, the wind, which had hitherto been favourable, en a fudden (hiftcd, and continued contrary till Satur- day the 1 8th. Wc had now failed nearly loo leagues from the ftraits mouth when our latitude was 48 aeg. 39 min. fouth, and our longitude, by account, 4 deg. 33 min. weft from Cape Pillar. From this time to the 8th of May, the wind continued unfavourable, and blew an inceflant (lorm, with fudden guds (till more violent, accompanied at intervals, with dreadful thun- der, lightning, rain, and hail. In our palTagc along this coaft we uw abundance of fca birds ; among which were two forts, one like a pigeon, of a dark brown colour, called by feamcp the Cape of Good Hope hen, and fometimes the blacic gull ; the other pintado birds, which are prettily fpotted with black and white, and conAantly on the wing ; but thev appear frequently as if walking on the water, like the pcterels ; and thcfe bur failors call Mother Carey's Chickens. During nine days we experienced an uninterrupted courfc ol dan- gers, fatigues and misfortunes. The Swallow worked and &iled very ill, the weather was dark and tem- peduous ; and the boats, which the exigencies of the Ihip kept condantly employed, were in continual dan- S;r of oeinp lotl, as well by the gales which blew con- antly, as by tb^ fudden gufts which ruflied frequently upon us, with a violence that can fcarccly be cc Keived: thofc o(f the land were fo boiftecpus, that not daring to (hew any cnnvafs, the (hip lay to under her bare poles, and the water at times was torn up, and whirled round in the air, much higher than the mafts heads. This diftrefs was the more fevere, by its being unexoedted ; for Captain Carteret had experienced very 'liffcrcnt weather in thofc parts, when he accompanied Commo- dore Byron : it was then the latter ena of April when he was near this coad, fo that this change of climate could not be owing to a change of feafon. On Friday the I ft of May, the wind (hifted from the N. W. to the S. W. and brought the (hip up with her head ri^ht againft the vaft kz, which the N. W. wind had rai(ed ; for about an hour it blew, if polTible, ftrongcr than ever; and at every pitch the Swallow made, the end of her bowlprit was under water, and the furge broke over the wrecaftle as far aft as the main ma(r, in the fame manner as it would have broke over a rock, fo that there was the greateft reafon to apprehend (lie would founder. With all her defecfls we muft acknowledge (he was a good fea boat ; if (he had not been fo, it would have been impolTiblc fo( her to have outlived this ftorm. in which, as on feveral other occafions, we experienced the benefit of the bulk- heads, which we had fixed on the fore-part of the half deck, and to the after part of the fore-caftle. On the 3rd, at day-break wc found the rudder chain broken, which made us, as we had often done, moft feelingly regret the want of a forge. However wc made the bcft ihift we could ; and 0(1 the 4th, the weather being ntore moderate, we mended the fails that hiad been fplit, and repaired our rigging. On the 5th, a hurricane from the N. by W. and N. N. W. brought us again under our courfes, and the (hip was tolled about with Tuc^ violence that we had no command of her. In this ftorm two of our chain-plates were broken, and we ceatinued toiling in a confufed hollow fea tili midniuht. On the 6th, at two o'clock, A. M. we were uken right a>hcad by a furious fquall at weft, which was very near carrying nil by the board, before we could ect the (hip round. With this gale we (lood north, and the carpenters, in the forenoon, fixed new chain-plates in the place of thofe which had been broken t and on this occafion we could not refrain from again lamenting the want of a forge and iron. We held on our courK till the 7th, when, at eight o'clock, A. M. the wind returned to its old quarter, the N. W. attended with unfcttled weather. Oil Friday the 8th, the wind having come to the fouth, we were favoured with a fine day, being the firil we had feert fince we took our departure from the Straits of Magellan. At noon we obfervcd in latitude 38 deg. 39 mm. fouth, and were about 5 dcg. to the wieftwardf of Cape Pillar. On the 9th, wc were in fight of the idand of Mafafuem 1 a^d on the loth, inaile tlut of Juan F'emandes. In the afternoont wc failed round the north end of it, and opened Cumberland Uav. We were furprizcd, not knowing that the Spamurds had fortified this ifland, to fee a confidcrablc number of men about the beach, alfo a houfe and four pieces of cannon near the water fide ; and Upon the fioe of the hill, about joo yards farther from the fca, a fort \> ith Spanifh colours Hying. We faw fcattcred rouiKl it, and on different parts of the idand, more than jc houfes, and much cattle feeding on the brow of the hilU, which fcemcd to be cultivated, many fpots being divided by enclofures from the red. We faw alfo two large boats lying on the beach. The fort, which is faced with done, has 18 or 20 embrafures, and within it a long houfe, which we fuppofed to be barracks fur thr garrifon. The wind blew in fuch violent guiU out of the bay. as to prevent our getting ym itcar it ; and, in the Cipuin's opinion, it is impofTiblc to woik a (liip into this bay, when the wind blows hard from the fouth. We now dood to the wedward, and were fol'owcd by one of the boats, which pur off from thn diorc, and rowed towards us ; but (he foon returned, «>n obfirving that the heavy fquallsmade us lie at a confidcrablc ilif- tance from the land. Having opened wed-bay, wc ob- ferved on the ead part, what we took for a guinl- houfe, and two pieces of cannon on carriages near it. We now wore, and dood again for Cumberland Day, and the boat a^in put off towards us, but night coming on, wc !jit (ight of her. As we had only Engliih colours on board we hoided none, as we could not fup- pofe the Spaniards well difpofed- to receive Engliih vifiunts. Thus difappointed of the rcfrelhmcnts, of which we dood in the mod prclTing need, our Captain thought it more advifcable to proceed to the neigh- bouring ifland of Mafafuero, where we arrived on Tuef- day the 1 2th, and on Friday the r5th, chofe our Ration on the eadern fide, anchoring in the fame place where Commodore Byron lay in the Dolphin, about two ytiars before. On the 1 6th, we were driven from our moor- ings and kept out at fea all night. In the morning the cutter was lent for water, and the (hip got near the (hore, where (he foon received feveral calks, and dif- [>atched the cutter back for more. The long boat was ikewifc appaintcd to this fervice, as well as to carry Erovifions to thofc on (hore. In the afternoon the boats ;ingobferved ninningalong thcniorc, the Ihip followed and took them in, but not without their fuftaining fo much damage by the violence of the Tea, that the car- penters were obliged to work all night in repairing them. On Sunday the 1 7th, the lieutenant, Mr. Erafmus Gower, was (cnt again with the cutter to procure water, and the furf being very great, three of the fcamen fwam on (hore with the emp"7 "n(ks, in order to fiil them, and bring them bacV: c ' tiie boat; but the furt foon after rofc fo high, x. ii tc-oke with fuch fury on the (hore. as rendered i*. utviy unpradlicable for them to return. A very Uar/C am' loni^eduous night fuccccd- ed; the poor fellows .vrc t< irk naked, and cutoff from all m ' r I I I -'■'■/:■ I .'^-'■■: # f^^tt. . ::'vf i-.;' :. '«.» •^t". J ■ !»■ 'v V if«.\ irafmuj water, tn fwam ll them, lift' foon , on the Jthem to luccced- Ifffrom all ■^ % >» ( T «i %4 ■ > • » ]i iljii ' a r- | ' » J i ^ iii^ _ >i i ln ' fci ' i m Captain CARTERET's VOYAGE — for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 279 all means of procuring afliftance from the boat, which, tn efcape the fury of a gathering ftorm, was obhged to return to the (hip, into which it was fafcly received but the minute before the impending ftorra ruflicd forth, by which, had (he been upon the water, ihe muft have been ineviubly funk, and every foul on board pcriftied. The three naked, defencelefs mariners on Ihore, during the night, were doomed to " bide the pelting of the pitilcls ftorm," without clothes, without flielter, without food, and without fire. To augment their diftrefs, a party was then on fliore, and had crefted a tent; but the darknefs of the night, and the impenetrable thick- nefs of the woods, cut off all poflibility of receiving fuccour from them. Being thus reduced to an entire ftate of nature, without the habits which render that ftate fupportable, in order to preferve a living portion of animal heat, they lay one upon another, each man alternately placing himfclf between the other two. At the firft dawn of light, they made their way along the fliore, in fcarch of the tent ; an attempt to penetrate through the country being confidcred as fruitlefs. In this circuit they were frequently flopped by high, ftccp, bluft* points, which they were obliged to fwim round at a confiderable diftancc ; for, if they had not taken a fufficieut compafs, they would have been dafhed to pieces againrt the rocks, in avoiding which they were every moment in danger of being aevoured by fharks. About ten o'clock in the niornmg they joined their comrades, being almoft periflicd with hunger and cold. They were received with the moft cordial welcome, their (hipmates (baring with them their cloaths and provifions ; and it is hard to fay of which they ftood moft in need. On the i8th, they were brought on board the fliip, where the Captain gave orders, that they ftiould have all proper rcfreftimenu, and remain in their hammocks the whole night; and the next day we had the pleafure to find they were perfedly hearty, nor did they fuffcrany future inconvenience from the extreme ihardihips they had gone through. T'hefe men were three of the nine honeft fellows, who had fwam naked from the (hip, when (he lay in the road of Madeira, to get a Ikintul of liquor. Than which nothing could paint more ftrongly the general charadcr of Englidi failors, which may perhaps be defined to confift in a contempt of danger, a love of ftrong liquor, and a girl, iiul an averfi(}n to be polTeircd of any coin, when em- barked on a long voyage. This day the weather was moderate, and in the evening we were within half a mile of the anchoring ground from whence we had been driven ; but the wind fuddcnly failing, and a current making againft us, we could not reach it. During the mHjIl- night wc had a perfect calm, fo that in the morning of the 1 9th, wc found the current and the fwcll had driven us no lefs than nine miles from the land ; but a breeze fpringing up, we kept oft' and on n^ar the fliore, and in the interim (ent the cutter for water, who IS flie rowed along (hore caught as much fifli with hook and line as fervcd all the (hip's company, which was fomc alleviation of our difappointment. On Wcdnefday the 20th, we happily regained our Qation, and came again to an anchor, ?.t two cables length from the beach, in 1 8 fathoms water, and moored with a fmall anchor in (hore. We now fcnt out the long boat, who in a (hort time procured fifti enough to fupply all our company on board. The two follow- ing days we had exceeding bad weather. In the morn- ing of the 2 1 ft, the wind blew with fuch violence along Ihore, that we frequently drove, thou^rh we had not Icfs than 200 fathoms of cable out ■ nowever we rode out the ftorm without damage, but the rain was fo violent, and the fea ran fo high, that nothing could be done with the boats, which was the more mortifying, as it was for the fake of completing our water, that we had endured almoft inceftant labour, for five days and nights, to regain the fituation in which we now lay. At a (hort interval, when the wind became more mo- derate, we fcnt three men a(hore, abreaft of the (hip, to kill feals, and to make oil of their fat, for burn ng in the lamps, and other ul'es. On the aand, jn the HMcning, the wind blew very hard, as it had done all night, but, being off the land, we fent the hoats away at Jay- break, and about ten o'clock they returned with each of them a load of water, an^ a great number of pintado birds, or peterels. Thefe were obtained from the peo- ple on (hore, w ho told them, that when a gale of wind happened in the night, thefe birds flew faftcr into the (ire than they could well take them out ; and that, during the gale of laft night, they got no Icfs then 70C1 of them. "Throughout this day the boats were all em- ployed in bringing water on board ; but the (lirf was fo great that feveral of the calks were ftaved and loft ; however by the 23 rd, a few only were wanted to com- plete our (lock. The weather now grew fo bad that the Captain was impatient to fail : he therefore gave orders for all our people on fliore to come on board. At this time the Swallow again drove from her moor- ings, dragging the anchor after her, till (lie got into deep water. We now brought the anchor up, and lay under bare poles, waiting for the boats. In the evening the long boat with ten men were taken on board ; but there yet remained the cutter with the lieutenant and 18 men; which brings to our recolledion a very fimilar fituation, in which thofe on board the Centurion, under Commodore Anfon, were thrown off the ifland of Tinian. The weather becoming more moderate about midnight, the Swallow flood in for land ; and on the 24th, at ten o'clock, A. M. we were very near the fliore, but the cutter was not to be feen ; about noon, however, flie was happily difcovered dole under land, and in three hours time we took her crew on board. The Lieutenant reported, that the night before he had attempted to come off, but that he had fcarcciy cleared the fliore, when afudden guft of wind almoft filled the boat with water, which narrowly efcapcd filling: that, all hands bailing with the utmoft adivity, they fortunately cleared her; that he then made for the land again, which with great difficulty he regained, and having left a fuflicient number of men with the boat, to watch, and keep her free from water, he, with the reft of the people went on (hore. That, having paTed the night in a ftate of- inexprefllble anxiety and diftrefs, they looked out for the ftiip with the firft dawn of day, and feeing nothing of her, concluded that flie had foundered in the ftorm, which they had never feen exceeded. They did not however give way to gloomy refledions, nor fit down in torpid defpair, but began immediately to clear the ground near the beach of bu(hes and weeds, and to cut down feveral trees, of which they made rollers to aflift them in hauling up the boat on land, in order to fecure her, intending, as they had no hope of the (hip's return, to wait till the fummer feafon, and then attempt to make the ifland of Juan Fernandcs : but thefe thoughts were loft in their happy deliverance. Having thus once more got our people and boats fafc on board, we made fail from this turbulent climate ; and thought ourfelves fortunate not to have left any thing behind except the wood, which had been cut for firing. It is a common opinion, that upon this coaft the winds are conftantly from the fouth to the S. W. though Frazier mention:; his having had ftrong gales and high feas from the N. N. W. and N. W. quarter, which was unhappily our cafe. The ifland of Mafa- fuero, which lies in latitude ;j3 dcg. 45 min. fouth, longitude 80 deg. 46 min. weft from the meridian of London, is of a triangular form, about 23 miles in circumference; being weft of Juan Fernandes; both of the iflands are nearly in the fame latitude. At a dif- tancc it has the appearance of a high, mountainous rock. The South part is much the higheft, and on the north end are feveral clear fpots, which perhaps mitrht admit of cultivation. On the coaft in many places' is good anchorage, particularly on the weft-fide, at about a mile from the fliore, in 20 fathoms, and at nearly three miles, in 40 and 45 fathoms, with a fine black fand at the bottom. The author af the accpunt of Lord Anfon 's voyage mentions a reef of rocks, which he fays, " runs oft" the ealjcrn point of the ifland, abo»tt two miles .¥3 Ifc. i.^'*" 28o VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Completk. miles in length, which may be fcen by the lea's break- ing over them," but in this he is mirtaken ; though indeed there is a reef of rocks or (heal running off the ueflern-iidc, near the fouth-cnd thereof. He is not lefsmilbkcn with refpcdtto the dillanceof this ifland from Juan Fernandes, and its diredlion, for he makes the former 22 leagues, and the latter W. by S. but we found the dirtancc one third more, and the dircdtion is due weft; for, as we have before obfcrvcd, the latitude of both iflaiuis is nearly the fame. On the S. W. part of the ifiand there is a remarkable perfora- ted rocK, which is a good mark to come to an anchor on the weftern-iidc, and here is the heft bank of any about the place. To the northward of the hole in the rock, diftant about a mile and a half, is a low point ot land ; and from hence runs the above-mentioned reef, in the direiftion ofW. by S. to the diftance of about three quarters of a mile, where the lea continually breaks upon it. To come to anchor, you mull run in till the hole in the rock is ihut in, about a cable's len;;ih upon this low point of land, then bearing S. by \i. halt K. and you may anchor in 20 and 22 fathoms, fine black fand and llieiis. Anchorage may likewife be found on the other fides of the ilLind, particularly off the north point, in 1 4 and 15 fathoms, with tine fand. Plenty of wood and water may be procured all round the illand, but not without much labour and dilliculty, b) reafon of a great quantity of ftoncs, and large fragments of rocks, \diich have fallen down from the high land, and upon tiiefe fuch a violent furf breaks that a boat cannot ap- proach fatcly within a cable's length of ilie thorc ; lb that there is no landing here but 1)\ f«immingtrom the boat, and then mooring her without the rocks ; nor is there any method of getting olf the wooil and water, but by hauling them to the boat with ropes: i>jt Cap- tain Carteret obferves, there are many places where it would be very eafy to make a coinmodioi..-. landing by building a temporary wharl", which it would be worth vhile even lor a tingle Ihip to do, if tlie uas to con- tinue any ti;iie at the illand. Here we tiiuJid the leals fn luimerous, that, fays the Captain, I \erily think, if many thouCindsof them were killed in the night, they voulii not be inilTcd in the morning. Thefe animals \ielded excellent train oil, and their hearts and plucks arc \erv g()ve the horizon about ten hours in the tour and twenty, but many davs were frequently paffed without feeing his face ; aiid the w eather was lo thick, that w hen he w as below it, thedark- nets was inexprcllibly horrible; and this dreadful gloom in the day deprived us tor a conlidcrable rime of an on. portunity to make an <>l)!crv.ition ; notwithnaiuiiiic; which dangerous circumfl.ince we were obliged to carry all the fail wc could fpread both dav and night, as the Ihip making wav lb llowly, and tlie \ovage king lb long, wtf were cxpofed to the danger of perilhing liy lam i lie. On Thuifdiiy the 2nd of July, in the evening, we dif. covered land to the norihuard of lis ; which sppcaicJ like a great rock riling out of the lea. It is lituated in latitude 25 deg. : mm. louih, and in 1 { { deg. 21 nun. well longirude. It is an illand well coV.i*! with irocs, and down the fide ol it runs a (livain of frtlli waiir. The height of it is lb inimenfe, that wef\w it at thcdif. tancc ot more than 1 5 leagues. We judged it to W not more th;ui live miles in circumference, and we coiiLI (leiceive no ligiis of its hein^ inhabited. The Capi.iin wasdelirous offending our a boat to attempt a landing, hut the furf, which, at this feafon, broke upon it with great violence, renderctl it impiaotii able. We fa« a great number of lla birds at foincwh it lels than a mile from the lliore, and the fe.i here feemcd not dctlirmeof lilh. I laving been dilcovertd hv a Ion of Major i'lt- cairn, we called it i'ltiairn's Illaad. I'hi-i voiiiig- ^cn- tlemaii was altcrwaids loll in the Aurora, in her paflagc tothel'.;ill Indies; and his faiher, major of the \m. rines, tell in the action of Bunker's Hill, and died in the arms ot another of his Ions. While in the neigh- hourh(Kxl of this illand, we feldom had a g.ile to the eallward, to that we were preventeil from keeping in a high fouth latiriulc, and were continually driving to the northwaiu. The winds chiell) blew from the S. S. W.and W. N. W. and the weather was extremely tempelluous. with long rolling billows from the liiuih- w aid, larger and higher than any we had fcen before. On the 4th, the lliip admitted a great quantity of iv.ircr, and was othcrwife in a very crav.y condition, troni the' rough feas (lie had encountered. ' Our fails alfo, being mm h worn, were roniinually fpliiting; and our com- pany who had hitherto enjoyed good health, began to he alHioted with the fcurvy. When the Ihip lav in the Straits oi Magellan, Captain Carteret had ciuifeda linall awning to be made, and covered it with a clean painted canvals, which he had for a floor-cloth in his c.ibin; and in this he caught fo much rain water, at a very little cxpence of trouble and attendance, that the citw' were never put to lliort allowance of this necelliiry article during the voy;ige. This methotl of obtaining rain water we have already particularly dtfcribed, and is conftantly practiced by the Spanilli (liips, which an- nually ciofs the South Sea from the Manilas to Aca- puko, and in their ftiuni. The awning allb all()ideJ Ihclttr . ^ V . ^^ tinned ftcrr- and 30 fee. ceded 5 dcg. dirctk'd nur irfclvesinthe wc had liirht cily current, that he was in the yrar h fomchavc ore made by s Land j and nd our com- it, as Captain in the year 311 r navigator legrcc to rhe the 1 7th, the th heavy fcas Lourfes; and 1, the weather Hinder, hght- -■ the horizon lit many days luc ; and the u it.thcdark- icuttl'ul gloom lue of an op. twithnandiiiir ihgcd to carry nii^ht, as the age Ixing (0 perilhiiig by •ning, we dif. lich appeared is fitiiatid in i\i.Y. 2 1 mill, hi with tri'Ci, f frclli water. <• It at the dif. d it to Ix- not lid we coiiLl The La[)i,un pt a laiuling, pon It with We fa« a than a nulc etliriitcof .Major I'lt- young- gcn- hcr pailiigc if the nia- dicd in the the neigh- gale to the )m keeping ally ilii\iiig w i'lom the s extremely n the (imth- Icen before, ity of w.iter, n, Irom the alfo, being id our I mii- h, began to p lay in the tifcd a fniall lean painted \ hit cabin; a very little c crew were :liary artiilc aining rain led, and is which an- las to Aca- lib all()ided Ihdttr )t ill ■'■H t .;'■■■, •^ Ca in .*K kr-m li^ i;-v \:kJ} •yftl: -f't. -?«•<♦• *n»*'^" Captain CARTERET's VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 281 ihclier from the inclemency of the weather. The fiir- eeon likcwifc mixed a fmall quantity of fpirits of vitriol with the water, which was thus prefcrvctl ; and to thefc precautions the Qiptain imputes the efcapc which our incn had fo long had from the fcurvy. On Saturday the jith, in latitude 22 deg. fouth. and longitude 141 deg. Mt'ft, another fmall, low, flat ifland was difcovercd, which we called the Bifliop of Ofnaburgh's Ifland, in honour of his I rcfent majefty's fccond fon ; and as Captain Wallis had given the fame name to another ifland, that prince holds two honorary fiefs in the South Sea. This low piece of land, which appeared to be almoft level with the waters edge, is well cloathcd with verdure -, but being to the fouth, and diredlly to the windward of us, we could not fetch it. On Sunday the 1 2th, we faw two more fmall iflands, on one of which a boat's crew landed, and found birds fo tame, as to be taken by the hand. They were both covered with green trees, but appeared to be uninha- bited. The (outhcrmoll, with which wc were clofe in, is a flip of land in the form of a half moon, low, Hat, and fandy. From the fouth end thereof a reef runs out to the diflance of about half a mile, whereon the fea breaks with great fur)'. Notwithftanding its pleafant afpert it affords neither vegetables nor water ; and the fame may be faid of the other illand, which is diftant from it about five leagues. One of them lies in latitude lodeg. 38min. fouth, longitude 146 deg. weft ; the other in 20 deg. 34 min. fouth, longitude 146 deg. 15 min. weft, and we called them the Duke of (tIou- Ojftcr's Iflands. They may be the land fccn by Quiros, as the fituation is nearly the fame j but however this be, we went to the fouthward of it, and the long billows wc had here, convinced us that no land was near us in that direction. Captain Carteret was peculiarly un- fortunate in having feen four iflanils, not one of w'hii-h was capable of yielding the leall rcfrcfliinent to the fliip's company, in the important articles of fiuit and water; in confequence of which the men bctamc very fickly, and the fcurvy made fwift progrcfs among them. The wind here being to the eaftward, vc hauled to the fouthward again; and on the 13th, in the evening, as wc were ftccring W. S. W. wc loft the long rolling billows in latitude 21 deg. 7 min. fouth, and got ihcm .igain on the 1 4th, at fcvcn oVliK'k, A. M. in latitude 21 deg. 43 min. fouth, lon- gitude 1 49 deg. 48 min. weft ; from whence ourCaptain conjcclured, th.« there was then fomc land, not far off, to the fouthward. From this day to Tucfilay the 1 6th, die winds were variable, and blew very hard, with violent gufts, one of which was very near licing fatal to us. Thefewerc accompanied with thick hazy wea- ther, and heavy rain. We were then in latitude 22 deg. fouth, and in 70 deg. 30 min. weft, of our departure. After fomc time the wind fettled in the W. S. W. w hich tlrove us again to the northward, fo that on Monday the ;oth, wc were in latitude 19 deg. fouth, and in 75 dig. 30 min. weft of our departure. On the 22nd, we were in latitude 18 deg. fouth, longitude 161 deg. weft of London, and 1 800 leagues weft ward of the continent of America; yet in all this run not any ligns of a con- tinent were difcovercd. As the fcurvy was now daily incrcalingmmong our people, and finding all our endea- vours, from the badnefs of the weather, and the defects of the Swallow, to keep in a high fouthern latitude, were etfeiitiial. Captain Carteret thought it abfolutely' ncceflary to fix upon fuch a courfc as might moft pro- bably tend to the prcfervation of tho vcffcl and her crew. In confequence of this refolution, inftcad of attempting a S. E. courfe, in which, confidering our condition, and the advanced fcafon of the year, it was fcarcely pofliblc to fuccecd, wc bore away to the north- ward, with a view of getting a trade wind; hut at the fame time keeping fuch a track, as, if the charts were lo be trufted, was moft likely to bring us to fomc illand, w here refreflmients, of which wc ftootl fo much in need, might be obtained ; wc propofcd then, if the iliip could be put into a proper condition, to have pro- ceeded at the pro{>cr fcaion to the fouthward, and to have attempted farther difcoveries ; and fliouJd a con- tinent have been difcovercd, and a fupply of provifions procured, wc, in this cafe, intended to keep along the coaft to the fouthward, till the fun had crofFcd the cqui- noxial line; and then, after having got into a high fouthern latitude, to have fteered cither weft about to the Cajjc of Good Hope, or returned to the eaftward, and in our way to Engl:ind, to have touched, if neccf- firy, at Falkland's Iflan-ls. Wednefday the 22nd, in latitude 1 6 deg. fouth, and not before, we found the true trade wind ; and to S.iturday the 25th, wc had foul weather, hard gales, and a great fea to the eaftward. We were now in latitude 12 deg. 15 min. fouth, and feeing great flocks of birds, we were inclined to think, that we were near f )inc land, particularly feveral iflands, one of which was called by Commodore Byron, the ifland of Danger; none of which, however, could wc fee. On the 26th, in the morning, wc were in latitude 10 deg. f.uth, and in 167 deg. weft longitude. Wc kept nearly in the fame parallel, hoping to fall in with Solomon's Iflands, this being the latitude in which the fouthermoft of them is laid down. At this time we had a ftrong trade wind, with violent fqualls, and much rain. On Monday the 3rd of Auguft, we were 5 deg. to the weftward of the fituation of thofe iflands in the charts; and abjut 2100 leagues diftant from the con- tinent of America. Wc were this day in latitude lodeg. 18 min. fou:h, and in 177 deg. 30 min, eaft longitude by account; yet it was not our good fortune to tall in with any land; but probably wc might pafs near fomc, which the hazinefs of the weather prevented our feeing; for in this run great numbers of fea-birds were frc(]iientiy hovering about the fliip : however, obfcrves Captain Carteret, "as Commodore Byron, in his laft voyage failed over the northern limits' of that part of the ocean in which the iflands of Solomon arc faid to lie, and as I failed over the fouthern limits without feeing them, there is great rcafon to conclude, that, if there are any fuch iflands, their fituation, in all our charts, i.s erroneoufly laid down." This day the current was obferved to fet ftrongly to the fouthward, though/ it had hitherto, from the Straits of Magellan, ran in a contrary dirciflion; whence we concluded, that the paflage between New Zealand and New Holland opened here in this latitude. The diflicultics which our able navigator had to contend with, will appear to have been as great as the heft feamrn and the lirmeft minds were capable of making head againft, from the following delliiptinn which he gives of his perplexity at this time. '■ Our ftock of log-lines, ohiervcs the Captain, was now nearly cxhaufted, though wc had already convened all our fifhing lines to the fame ufc. I was tor l()mc time in perplexity how to fupply this defect ; but upon a very diligent enquiry found that wc had, by chance, a very few fathoms of thick untarred rope. This, which in our fituation, was an ineftimablc treafure, I ordered to be untwifted ; but as the yarns were (bund to be too thick for our purpofe, it became neccdiiry to pick them into oakham ; and when this was done, the moft difliciilt part of the work remained; for this oakham could not be fpun into yarn, till by combing, it was brought into hemp, its original Ihite. This w as not feamcns work, and if it had, we fhould havo been at a lofs how to perform it for want of combs, iand it was ncceffary to make thefc before we could try our (kill in, making hemp. Upon this trj'ing occafion wc were agairt fenlibic of the danger to which we were pjfpofed by the want of a forge: ncccfTity, hrwcver, the fruitful mother of invention, fuggefted an expedient. The armourer was fet to work to file nails down to a fiHOOth point, with which was produced a tolerable fuc- cedancum for a comb ; and one of the quarter mafters was found AifTiciently tkillcd in the ufc of this inftru- nicnt to render the oakham fo fmooth and even, that wc contrived to fpin it into yarn, as fine as our coarfe implements would admit ; and thus we made toleralylc log-lines, although we found it much more difficult thMi to make cordage (tf our old cables, after they had been ,, 4 B cQnvertcfl l^i Voyages round the world complete. % converted inw junfc, which wa» an expedient wc had been obliged to priftftice [ong bcfijre. We alfo had fong bcfol-c ufed all our fowing fail-twine ( and if (knowing the quantity with which I had been fup- plied was attogether inadequate to the wants ot Itich a voyage) t had not taken the whole quantity that had been put on board to repair the fcinc into my own cuftooy, this deficiency might have been fotal to us all." Wc had now failed over npwards of no dcg. of Tongitude, in a dull lliattcred velfel, that, on account of her bad condition would fcrtrcely anfwcr ihc helm, nor hid we met with any fpot of uanh which would atibrd us crtcdual relief. The fcurvy continued to make great progrcfs ; infomuch. that thofer hand* which were not rendered ufclcfs by difcafe, were Worn down by excef- five labour ; and, to render our fituation completely diftrcfsful, on the loth of Auguit, the Swallow fprung a leak in her bow, which being under water, it was impoflibic to come at while Wft were at fea. Our fitua- tion was now in the higheff dicgree perilous; but on VV'cdncfday the 1 2th, at break of day, lanil was dif- covered, which gave frcfli fpirits to our almoft dcf- ponding crew, and the trarJ^wrt of joy which this prof- ped occafioned, may becor^jparcd to that which a crimi- nal feels who hears the cry of a reprieve at the place of execution. The Capt.tin coitntcd feven iflands, and we nnde fail toward* two of thcin which were right ahead, and fay very near together. In the evening wc came to an anchor on the north-eaft fide of the largtit and highclt of them, whereon wc lliw two of the nati\ cs, v ho were negroes, with wooUy heads, and who were not covered with any kind of clothing. A boat having been font on ftiorc, the two negroes fled, and an account w.is brought back by our people, that there was a fine run of freili water oppofitc to the Ihip, but tint it would he ditlicult to procure the watt-r, the whcrh country being covered with wood quite to the fea-ll.v.'c. That no vegetable* firr the reftoration of the lick could be found, nor any habitations, as far as the country had been examined, whit h appeared wild, forlorn, and mouiicainous. Thefc c ircumilances, added to the danger there might be of the natives attacking us from the woods, det> mined the Captain to look for a more convenient landing-plaue. On the 13th, there- fore, at day-break, the nmller, with 1 5 feamen, well armed, and provided, were fcnt off in the cutter to the weftward, in fearch of a watering-place, refrcfhmcnts for the Tick, and a convenient fituation, where the Ihip iilfght be laid dow n in order to examine ai»d flop her leak. He received lUiiit orders to be upon his guard againft the natives, but at the fame time to conciliate their good will, to procure which h« tool^^with him a few beads and other trifles, which by cliance happened to be among the (liip's company: he was alfo enjoined particularly by the Captain, to return to the Ihip if any occurrence happened that might oi-cafion hollilitics: he was likcw ife charged on no account to leave the boat, nor to fuUlr more then two men to goon (bore at a time, T\liile the relt rtood ready for their defence j and the Cuptain recommended to him, in the llrongell terms, a dilig(.iu dili li;irgc of his duty, in finding out a proper pi uefoi the (hip; which fervice, of theutmoft impor- t.\iufio us all, when performed, he was to return with all polllhlc ("peed. At the time the cutter was difpatch- ed on this expedition, the long boat was likewife fent ort, wiili ten men on board well armed, which foon returned laden with water. She wasdifpatched a fecond time, but up\mx about 14 miles to the wcdward of the fliip, heciinteto .» grappling, and veered the boat to the beach, where Im landed with lour men, armed with nuifquets and piC- tols: that the Indimix, at (iril, were afraid ot him, .inJ retired, but that liwn after they came down to hiin, and he gave them ;» few iriHes, with which they llcmcii to be much pk".»led : that in return they brought hiiu a broiled filh, and I'ome broiled yaiiii: that, enco.i raged by thefe appearances of hoCpitahty, he proceedod witli his party to the houfes, which were not more th.ini 20 yards from the water-fide, and foon after faw a great number of canoes comitig round the wcflern point of the bay, and many Indians among the trees : that bcin" fomew'hat alarmed at their motions, he left haflily the houfe where he had been entertained, and made the bed of his way towards the boat ; but that before he could embark, a general attack was made, with bows and arrows, as weW on thofe in the boat, as on thofc upon the Ihore. Their number, according to his ac- count, was between three and four hundred ; their weapons were bows and. arrows ; the lx>ws were fix feet five inches lon^. and the arrows four feet four, which, he faid, they uiicharfjcd in platonns, as rc{^larly as the belt difciplined troops in Eiigiand : that, being thus at- tacked, his party found it nccellary to fire upon the Indians, which they did repe;itedly, killing fomc, and wounding many more: (hll however they were notiiif- couragcd ; but maintained the lij;ht, preiling forward, and difcharging their arrows in alnioll one continued flight : that when our people arrived at the boat, a delay was occafioned in hauling her off, by the grap- pling being foul; during which time, he, and h.iif of his crew were defperati ly wounded : that at lall they cut the rope, and ran olf under their fore-fail, ftill keep- ing up their fire with blundcrbufes loaded w ith eight or ten Iwills, which the enemy returned with a ihowa of arrows, and waded airer them breafUhigh into the fea: when they got clear of thefe allaiiants, the camK-s purfued them with great vigour, nor would they retreat till one of them was liink, and many of the people in the others were killed. This is the account of the mailer, which, it is reafonable to fupjiofe, was as (a- vourablc to himfelf as he could make it. 1 his rafli man, with three of our bell hands, died fomc time afterwards of the wounds they had received. It appeared from the evidence of the furvivors, that the Indians behaved with the greateft confidence and friendfhip, until the mafier arrogantly ordered the pco- pie who were with him, and who h.id been generoudy entertained, to cut down a cocoa-tree ; and even per. fiflcd in that Order, notwithftanding the natives dif- covercd ftrong marks of difplcafurc. The Indians hereupon withdrew, and muftering their whole force, proved by their manne-,.)f attack, that their courage was equal to their I ^.tality. After this difafter. Captain Carteret drop;-"»all thought? of removing to ..AV..t #• cted their lliey were fcrrcir to- ' aiivmccd r\ti\ from tnt t(i ad lie irativcs, hem fdiin; time rnn. rcj^ardlcfi utely, and t over the h they ran )lc lircd iu not one at' lliort time s lide, the ■ws (licking (> convince orders, a< :h was, iti ; feen fonx at a placi ' (.ame to t , where Iip :s and jiir- 1 him, and I'n to h'.sii, hey ftcnicd ight him a L'i»ro',iragcit .'cdcd >viih irwre thare law a groat rn point of that bcin?• Captain CARTERET's VOYAGE—for making Difcoverlcs in the Southern Ocean, &c. 283 a more eligible iiarbour, but he determined to try what couIiTbe done towards putting the fliip in a better condition, wliilc wc continued in om prefc t flatioM. Accordingly, Friday the 14th, (he was brought dowi by the ftcrn, and means were found by our carpenter, the only one of the whole crew in tolerable health, to reduce the leak, though he could not quite Hop it. In the afternoon the Swallow rode with her ftern very near the fliorc; and weobfervcd fevcral of the natives fculking among the trees upon the beach, watching our motions. On the 15th, in the morning, the weather being fine, the fliip was veered ciofe in fliore, upon whicn, having a fpring upon our cable, we brought her broadfidc to near. It was now become abfolutely iic- ccd'ary, for the prefervation of all on board, that water Ihoiild be procured i but the only fpring that had htv .1 fecn on the ifland was (liirted with a thick impenetra- ble wot)d, from whence the Indian could difchargc their arrows unpcrccived ; the Captain was therefore reduced to the painful nccelfity of driving them from that lurking-place, by difcharging the fliip's guns, which caiifed the lives of many of the natives to be facri- ficed ; for at the time the people were at the watering- place, their cars were aflTailei) bydivadful groans from dirt'crcnt parts of the wood, like thofc of dying men. Giptain Carteret had long been ill of an inflanmiatory and bilious difordcr, of a nature fimilar to that which had fci/.cd Captain Wallis ; yet, hitherto, he had been able to keep the deck ; but this day the fymproms be- came (0 violent as to compel him to take to his bed, to which he was confined for fomc time afterwards. To aggravate our misfortunes, the mafter of the Swallow w.isdyingof his wounds; Mr. Gowcr, our lieutenant, was very ill; the gunner and 30 of our feamen were unlit for duty ; among which lart were fcvcn of the moft healthy, who had been wounded with the mafter, three of them mortally; the recovery of the Captain and lieutenant was very doubtful ; and, except thefe two, there was no one on board capable of navigating the fhip home. It has already been obfcrved, that we were unprovided with any toys, iron tools, or cutlery ware, which might have given us a chance for recovering the good-will of the natives, and eftablilhing a traffic with them for thofe rcfreJhmcnts wc moft needed, and which they could have furnifhed us with. Under thefe circumltanccs, whereby our people were greatly dif- piriti'd, our commander was obliged to fay afide all thoughts of profecuting the voyage farther to the fouth- wani, which the Captain intended, as foon as the proper fcafon fliould return. On Monday the 17th, therefore, wc weighed, having called this place Eg- mont's Ifland, in honour of a noble earl of that name; but Captain Carteret, in his chart, has called this ifland New Guernfey, of which he was a native. In his opinion it is the fame as that to which the Spaniards gave the name of Santa Cruz. The place in which we lay was called Swallow Bay ; the eaftermofl point thereof Swallow Point ; the weflcrmofl, Hanw.iy's Point. ThcN.E.proinontoryof thciiland was named Cape By- ron. FromSwallow Point toCapc Byron is about 7 miles K. and from Hanway's Point to the fame cape is about i o miles. Between Swallow Point and Hanway's Point, in thebottoinof the bay is n third point, a little tothewefl- ward of which wc found the bcft anchoring-placc, but it is nccefTary to give it birth, the ground near it being fhoally. When we lay at anchor in this bay, Swallow Point bore E. by N. and Hanway's Point W. N. W. From hence a reef runs, whereon the fea breaks very high; the outer part of this reef bears N, W. by W ; and an ifland which has the appearance of a volcano, was feen juft over the breakers. A little beyond Han- way's Point is a fmall village, which (lands upon the beach, furroundcd with cocoa-nut trees. It lies in a bay between Hanway's Point and another, which we called Howe's Point ; the diftance from the former to the latter is about five miles. We found clofe to th<; (horc 30 fathoms water, but in crolling the bay, at the diftance of two miles, wc had no bottom. Beyond Howe's Point, another harbour opens, which had the appearance of. a deep lagoon, this we called Carliflc Harbour. Over againfl its entrance, and north of the coafl, a fmall illand vvasdifcovcred, which wc named Portland's Ifland. A reef of rocks ru/is on the well fide of this to the main ; and the paffage into the har- bour is on the cafl-fidc of it, running in and out E. N. E. and W. S. W. its width is two cables length, and it has eight fathoms watch 'I'hc harbour may be a commodious one, but a (hip n'uill be warped both 1 1 and out, and would be in danger if attacked 'ny the ;iatives, who are bold even to teinerity. and have a perfcverancc, not common among rude favagcs. Well of Portland's Bland, i:! a fine fmall round harbour, jult big enough to receive three velfels. which was named Byron's Harbour. Our boat having entered ir. found two runs of water, one frefh and the other faltj from obfervinj; the latter we judged it had a communicatiun with Carlifle Harbour. I laving proceeiled about three leagues from where the Swallow lav ar anchor. wC opened the bay where our cutter had been attacked by the Indians, which wc called for that rcalon Blo()d\' Bay. Here is a rivulet of f'relh water, and many hoult^s rcgulaily built. Near the watcrfitie flood one neat!f built and thatched; it fceined tobe a kind ofcouncil- room, or llate-houfe. and was much longer than any of the reft. In this the mafkr and his party had been courteoiifly received by the natives, before the wanton cutting down of the cocoa-nut tree. We were informed by thofe of our people who had been received here, that a large number of arrows were hung in bundles round the room, the floor and fiocs of which were covered with matting. In the neighbourhood of this place, they faid, were many plantations enclofed by flone-ivalls, and planted with fruit trees; the cocoa-nut trees wo could difcern from the (hip, in great numbers, among the houfes of the vill.ige. Three miles weftward of this, we faw another village of confidcrable extent, in the front whereof, towards the fea, was an angular kind of brcafl-work, of rtcme, and near five feet high. Three miles from hence, as we proceeded wcllward, a bay was difcovered, into which a river cinptiei itfelf It appeared, when viewed from the mall head, to run very far into the country, and w c called it Gran - ville's River. Weflward of it is a point, which we named Ferrer's Point ; from whence the land forms a large b.iy, near which is a town of great extent that fecmed to (warm like a bee-hive. While the (hip failed by, an incredible number of the inhabitants came forth from their houfes. holding fi)mething likea wifp of grafs in their hands, with which they appeared to flrokecach other, at the fame time dancing, or running in rings. Sailing on about fc\xn miles ro the w efhvani, wefiiw another point, on which was a larf^ecanoq, with an awning over it. To this wc gave the name of Cape Carteret. From this a reef of rocks, that appear* above water, runs out to the diilancc of about a cable's length. At a fmall diftance was another village, (brti- fica as that before mentioned. The inhabitants of this place likewifc danced as the others had done; after which many of them launched their canoes, and made toward* the (hip: upon which we lay to, that they might have time to come up; but when they approached near enough to have a diftinilc view of the Swallow, they Liy upon their paddles, gazed at m, but would advance no farther. Being thus difappoiiitcd in our hopes of prevailing upon them to come on board, we made fail, and left them behind us. From Carteret Point the l.ind trends away W. S. W. and S. W. forming a deep lagoon, at the mouth of which lies an illand, which was named Trevanion's Ifland. There are two en- trances into the lagoon, which, if it allbrds good anchorage, is certainly a fine harbour iai (hipping. Having crolfed the firfl entrance, and being off the N. W. part of Trevanion's Ifland, which was named Cape Trevanion, wc faw a great riphng, caufcd by the meeting of the tides. Having hauled round this cape, we jTcrccived the land trend to the fouthward, and we continued to Hand along the (hore, till wc opened the wellcrn plfage Into the lagoon between Trevadiion'g Illand and the main » bQth oi which, at thit place. ap.> peared «f!!» i 2iS4 V () Y A C; E S ROUND the WORLD C o m p i. t. r i pcarcd to be one continued town, and the inhabitants Wire innumerable. We found in this entrance a bottom of coral rock, with very irregular foundings. The natives no fooner obferved that the boat had left the fhip, than they lent olF feveral armed canoes, who advanced to attack her. The lirft that came w ithin bow-fliot didharced her arrows at our people, who, being pie- t tared, lircd a volley, by which one of the Indians was .illed, and another wounded. We lired at the fame time from the fliip, a great gun loaded with grape (hot, on which all the canoes pulled hard for the fliore, except the one with the wounded man, who being brought to the (hip, the furgeon was ordered to examine hiswounda, one Ihot had gone through his head, and one of his arms w as broke by another. The furgeon w as of opinion, that the former wound was mortal, in confequencc of this lie was put again into his canoe, and, notwithdand- ing his conilition, he with one hand paddled away to- wards the (horc. He was a young fellow, almol\ as blac k as a negro of (iuinca, with a woolly head ; of a conunon (Mature, well featured, and, like the reft of the people we had fca^ upon this illand, quite naked. Mis canoe had an out- rigger, without a fail, but in work- manlhip it was very rude, being nothing more than part of the trunk of a tree miidc hollow. We were now at the wcftern extremity of the idand; and the diftancc between that and the eaftcrn extremity is 50 miles due IL and W. A flrong current fcts wcftward along the (Iwre. The natives o( I'Igmont Illanil are extremely nimble, aclive, and vigorous ; and fecm to be aimoft equally qualilied to live in the w.iteras upon land, for they were in and out of their canoes every minute. Their common cannes are capable of carrying about a dozen men, though three or four manage them with amazing dexterity. 1 he men have a daring fortitude, which proves them to be defccnded from the fame ftcck as thole who now inhabit the Philippine lOcs, lying about 45 degrees more to the weftward, w hofe contempt of death was really aftonilhing when the city of Manilla was defended againft the Lnglilh, under the command of Sir William Draper. As we failed along fliore, to raife our mortification to the highell pitch, hogs and poultry were fccn in great abundance, with cocoa-nut trees, plantains, bananas, and a variety of vegetable productions, which would (bon have relloreil to us the health and vigour we had loll, by the hardfhips of a long voyage: but no friendly iiitcrcourfc«ith the natives could now becxjK-Cted, and \vc were not in a lituation to obtain w bat we wanted by force: IxMides, great part of the crew were difabled by ficknefs, and the reft were much depre(red in their fpirits, by a continual fucceflion of difapjwintments and vexations ; and if the men had bee.: in health, we had not oflicers to lead them on, or direct them in any cntcrprize, nor even tu fupcrintend the duties that were to beperfoimeil on board thefliip j for even the Cap. tain hiinfelf was ftill conlincd to his bed, dangciouflv ill" Thus lituated, unable to proceed farther to the (i)iit|,' and in danger of being too late for the inonCoon, lu' give immediate orders for fleering north-weflttan} with a view to fall in with the land which Dampjer haj diftinguiflied by the name of Nova Britannia, aniUhiili was now diftant about 12 deg. of longitude. In our diftrefsful lituation, it could not be expedted, that Cai). tain Carteret (hould examine all the illands wc touch'j ati curioflty niuft yield to the inftiniltive principle of felf-prefervation j but we gave particular nanus to feveral of thofe we approached j and to the whole clur. ter wc gave the general name of Queen Charlotte's Illands. To the (outhermofl of the two, which wlun we lirft difcovereii land were right a-head, the name wa< given of Lord Howe's Illand, and the other was Kginoiu Ifland, of which we have .already given a particular ac. count. The latitude of Ixird Howe's Ifland is 1 1 (leg 10 min. fourh ; longitude 164 deg. 4J min. call. ji,,. latitude of Cape By ion, the N. l\. point of Kgmoiit Ifland, is lodeg. 40 min. fouth; longitude 164 div. aq min. eaft. Thefe two iflands lie exactly in a line uiil, each other, about N. by W. and .S. by L. and includini; the palFage between them, extend 11 leagues; the paf. fage is very broad. 13oth of them appear to'be ftrtilf havea pleafant appearance, and are covered with tall trees of a beautiful verdure. Lord I low c's Ifland, w hii h is more upon a level than the .hS. r, U nev-rthelef- high land. I'rom Cape Byron, diflant i ^ leagues- W N W halt N. by compafs, is an ifland of a ftupendous hcii'lit' and in the (igurc of a cone. Its top is fliapcd like a funnel, from whence ("moke ilFiies, but wefaw no iUnv- wc thought it, however, to be a volcano, and therefore called it Volcano Ifland. To a long flat ifland, that, when Howe's and Lgmoni's Iflands were right a'-heail' bore N. W. we gave the name of Keppel's Ifland. h is fituated in latitude 10 deg. 15 min. (outh; loncitiulc by our account, 165 deg. 4 min. eaft. We difcovcrij two others to the S. K. The largeft wc named Lird Kdgcumb's Ifland, and tke fmaller Ourry's Ifland. The former, which has a fine appearance, lies in latitude 11 deg. 10 min. fouth J lougitudc 165 deg. i4min. eaft, the latter is in latitude 11 deg. 10 min. fouth- longitude 165 deg, 19 min. eaft. Egmont Iflaiia, iii general, is WQody and mountainous, intermixed with many beautiful valleys. Several fmall rivers flow from the interior parts of the country into the fca, and we have mentioned many harbours upon the coaft. The inhabitants, whom wc have particularly defcribed, do execution at an incredible dillancc with their arrows. One of them went through the boat's wafli-board, and dangeroufly wounded a midfhipman in the thigh. They were pointed with flint, and we faw among them no (igns of any inctal. CHAP. II. '•tt The .ytcrt/Zra- drp^jrls from S>iifrn Ch.irl'itir'f Ijland'—I In- run tv Akv? Drilnimid—Othrr ijlinJs difcoverei, v.nh i dtfiTiptMi of iImiii, and their inbabilants — Nova Iint,iiiK:a Jhund 10 l>e*ti ^ ' ~ . ■ TUF.SDAY the iSthofAuguft, we took our de- parture from Egmont Ifland, one of the cluftcr of iflandj which the Captain named Qyccn Charlotte's, with a fiefli trade wind from the caftward. On the iqth, a fmall flat ifhind wasdifcovered, and named after Mr. Gower, our lieutenant. It lies in latitude 7 deg. {6 min. fouth; longitude 158 deg, 56niiii. eaft. The natives ifid not difticr in any thing material, from thole jof the iflands wc had lately Icftj but fomc cocoa-nuts I were here procured in exchange for nails ; and the in- habitants had intimated, that they would furnilli 1 frefli fupply the next moniing, being Friday the 21ft, but, at day break, we found that a current had "etthc fliip confldcrably to the fouthward of the ifland, and brought us in light of two other iflands. They arc fituated nearly E. and W. of each other, at the diltancc of about tWQ miles. The fmallcft, which lies to the caftward, wc callod Sirapfon's Ifland; and to the other, whioii if-ii 41^ -A par' and the in- furniHi a hy the 2 1 ft, had "et the ifland, and They arc the diuance lies to the to the other, /;«f * •r- f I 4«> *"4- TO.-.*' <«.. ■^ #. # '*• '?».■ ■"■:V .#■ ^-i: •*■ # ll ■^:;M;^ ^ ' 'V. ■\ i v( s -t, M ■"wj-.vf4w4.' a i^?c -• ^' ^ ^ '-♦», k ■ >6 • < -•» « , ^ 'ri i i ^ 1 1 4 i^ 1 1 ^ •^ « ■ , 4 1 1 1 1 '3 -^ n 1 ^ 1 *i ^^^B 1 N ' ^ :§ 5 * ■t s "^ .1^ ? ; ■1 i ^^H ? ^ 1 1 |J ■:; "a 1 ^ s s § •> J v VS ^ c < M 1 u ■ 7" <^< j 1 J 5 ^ a. 1 tl) flldl ill 1!. Inii ill leaf thJ hinl Ilia ten day war was Not Sw, iirj St. cud boa Captain CARTERET's VOYAGE — for making Difcovcrics in tlic Southf.rn Ocean, &c. 285 which has a lofty appearance, \vc gave t'nc name of Carteret's Illand. From Gowcr's, the call end bears fouth, and the diflancc lictwecn ihem is nearly 1 1 leagues. Carteret's Ifland is in latitude 8 deg. 26 min. fouth; longitude 159 deg. 14 min. eafl, and its length from E. to VV. is i 8 miles. As both thcfe illands were to the windward of us, wc liiilcd again to G'owcr's Illand, which abounds with line trees, man) of them of the cocoa-nut kind. Merc a canoe was fei/.cd, the natives having attempted to cut olfthe fliip's boat; in it«e found about 100 cocoa-nuts, which were very acceptable. The canoe was large enough to carry 10 men, and was very neatly built, with planks well joined. It «as adorned with Ihell-work, and figures rudely painted, anl the feanis were covered with a lub- llaiKc foMU-what like our black putty. With refpcct to ]H (i/.c, it uas much larger than anyone we had i'i:cn ai I',uer's lll.iad, brought the lliij) to, and hoilted out the culler, hut tlie unlortunate man, though llrong aiul healthy, fuiik at once, and was drouiied, noiwithllanding ail our cilortito lave him. The canoe we were o!)liged to cut up, llie having received n.iii h damage by linking a;",aiiill one of the gtuis as oirr people were hoilling her oseiho.ird. ();i Monda\- the :4t!i, we 111! in with nine illands, nrttihing N. W.andS. \:. about 15 league^, and lung in l.ititude 4 deg. jf) min. fouth; longitude 1,4 deg. 17 mill. eafl. ihele Hafit.'.in C'arteivt liiiip.wles to be the fiuic whiih were leen by 1 afman, and calleil by him Oliaiig Java; the other ill.mds he bilieves hail never been \ilited In any I'auopea 1 before; and he is of opinion, that there is nuu h land not yet known in this p;ut of the ocean. One of thefe illamls is of con- li-krahle extent; the other eight are litile better than large rocks; but, though low and llat, the;, arc covered with wood, and abouiul with inhal'.it.ints. We lleered to the northward ot thel'e ilhuuls, W. by .S. luving a flrong (outh-wetlerly current. In tl.i night we fell in \Mih another plealimt iliaiul of conlideiaole extent. By the many fires we faw, it appearcil to be inhabiteel, but we faw none of the natives. We cilkd this tlat, green i(le. Sir Charles Hard) 's lll.ind. It is lituatecl in latitude 4 deg. 50 min. louih; and bore well rj leaguci tiom the nortbernmoll ol the nine illands. On the 2.,th, at day lireak we ditcovered another large high illand, which received the name ot W inchelfea's Illand; and is ditlant from Sir C'harles 1 l.iuK's Illand ten lea>',ues, in the direction ol .S. by ]•',. On Wednel- day the ifiih, an illand was itilloveied to the north- ward, whii.h the Captain fuppofed to be the fame that was fcen by Schouten, and called the illand of St. John. Not many hoiirsafter, Nova IJritannia appearcil, and the Swallow entered what was thought to be a deep bay, or gulf w hich Dampicrhaddillinguillicd by the name of St. George's Iky. It lies in latitude 5 ileg, ii)iith ; longi- tude 1 52 deg. 1 4 miH. call. 1 lere w e call anchor, w hile tlie boars went to ftarch for a good harbour; wliich, when No. J 4. they returned, and reported to have f(,jnd, the united (Irength of the whole ihi])'.: company was not fuflicient to weigh the anchor; an inflancc of debility foincwhat; (imilar to that related in Commodore .Vnfon's voyage, when the ; cnturion arrived at Tinian. It was not imrilthe next day, when our llrength was fomewhat; reeruited. that the anchor was brought up, and it was then found to have been fo much injured, as to be totally unferviceable. No lilh could be caught, either by the fcine, or hook and line: fome rock oyders and cockles were, bow ever, obtained, and in the country fome cocoa-nuts, with woo 1 and water. 'I'lic upper part of the tree which bears the cocoa-nut, is tailed the cabbage, which is ;i white, crifp, juicy fubflance; if eaten raw it tades fomewhat like a chcfnut, but when boiled is fupeiior to the bell parfnip. This was cut fmall into the brorh, wiiich was made of the portable foup, and King ihu kencd w ith fome oatmeal, made a moll com- fortable mcfs; for each of thefe cabbages we were forced to cut down a tree, which was done with great reo-ret, but the eleprcdaiion on the parent flock w as una\oidable. This ivginien, with the milk of the nut, relic\eil the lick prelliKl), and reco.ercd them very fall. Here we livind nutmeg-trees in great plenty; they did not appear ro be the bell fort, which may be ou i'ng [lartly to th;ir growing wild, and parti) to their lieing toc» much i;i ihe ibado oi' taller irccs: all the dilleixnt ions ol palm weie ail'o fijund. \\'e likewile received (Treat rclrclbmenr from the fruit of a t;iil tree, 'hat rclemblcs a plumb, ;nc' ()artieu!arl) tint wlii>:li in the Well Indies is callcLi I lie Jamai..'a plumb. Merc we faw manv trees, flirubs :ind pi. ints, altogether unknown ; but ni) elculent vegetables of any kind. In the woods, a laii'e bird w ith blii'.k jilum.ige v.as fecn, which made a noit'f like the lurking of a ihig. 'J'hc onl)- i.iiiadru()tds foiiic of our pcople-fiw, were two of a fiiiall li/.c, which were liijip((lid 10 lie dogs ; they were very wild, and liiii with i.'rear fvviftn. fs. None of the human race ap- peared, but wc found llvcral diferted habitations. By the iIkIIs flattered about them, with fome flicks hall burnt, and the embers of a lire, it ajjpeared, that the natives had but juil left the place wh.en the Swallow arrivid, or more proliably they tied at her approach. 1 1 the people may be judged oi' from the appearance of their ilwellings, they mull lland low even in the lc:dc ot i;i\;ige lite, tor they were the moll miferable hovel.s we had ever feen. A fmall illand in this bae wecalleil Wallis's Illand. The hiuboiir, in which our fbip lay, rereivid the name o!'l'..iglifli Cove; and here Captain Carteret took |H)tii.l]i()n of the countrv, with all its illan.ls, bavs, poits, and harbours, lor the king his mailer; nailing upon a high tree a piece of b(Wi\l, faced with le;ul. on which was engraved an I'-nglifli union, the name ol the ihip. and her commaneier; the riame given to the cove; and the time of coming in and i'liling out of it. On the 7th of September, being Monflay, wc left this cove, and ;uich(vred on the fame day almoll dole to a grove 'jf cocoa-nut trees, where we [jlentuully fupplicil ourt'elves with tVuit and the cabbage. We c;illed this place C.irieret's Harbour, which being tbrmeei by the miinandtwo illands, one of them was named l.cigh':;, and the other Couia-nut Illand. The Captain now rctolved to tail tor liatavia, while the monlbon con- tinued tiuourable: on the (>th, therefore, we weighed anchor, and wh.en about four le:i;',ues from land, the wind ami current being both againll us, we fleered round the coatl into a channel between two illands, which channel was divided by another illand, to which Captain Car- teret gave the name of the Duke ol York's lllintl, near which are feveral fnialler illaiuls. 'i'o the fouth of the largell of them are th.ree hills of lingular tbriii, which were calleil ti'.e Mother and D.uightcis, one of which we llippoied to be a \oleaco from the large clouds of moke that were (ccn itl'uing from it. A point we called Cape I'allifer, lies to the call of thefe hills, and Cape Stephens to the well ; north of which lafl, lies an illand, which took the name ot the Ifle of Man. 'I'he country in general is iimiwitainous and woody, and was liippofed to be inhabited, from the numbers of tires feen ■1 ' ' oil .J. . r ''5^'-ff j^j Pl m SjjB^ fs mi 1^ wM |:^'iW| IP vwt im mml» iffe. % 286 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. ^\>-nW' ■ - ^^■f It' li H 'I on it ill the night. On the Duke of York's Illand, the houfes were lituatcii among gro\'cs of coco.i-niit trees, and thus formed a mort beautiful profped. We brought to, for the night, and failed l ;ain in the morning, when fomc of the Indians put off in canoes towards the fliip; but the wind being fair and blowing frefli, it was not thought prudent to wait for them. We now ftecrcd N. W. by W. and loft fight of New Britain on the i ith, when it was found that what had been taken for a bay, was a ftrait, and it was called St. George's Channel, whilft the ifland on the north of it received the name of New Ireland. In the evening we difcovcred a \irge ifland, well clothed with verdure, which was denomi- nated Sandwich Illand : oft" this ifland the fliip lay great part of the night, during which time a perpetual noife rcfembling the found of a drum wa« heard from the fhorc. ^Vhen we had almoft cleared the ftrait, the weather falling calm, a number of canoes approached the ihip, and iliou['h their crews could not be prevailed on to go on board, they exchanged fomc trifles with us for nails and bits of iron, which they preferred to every thing clfe that was oftcicd them. Though the canoes of thefc people were formed out of linglc trees, they were between 80 and 100 feet in length. The natives wcr» i-.egroes, and their hair was of the woolly kind ; but they had neither thick lii>s nor Hat noils. They wore Ihcll-work on their legs and arms, but were other- wife naked. Their hair and beards were powdered with white powder, and a feather was ftuck into the head of caih, alx)ve the car. Tl;eir weapons conftllcd of a long ftick and a (pear; and it «asobferved, that they iiad fifliing-netsand cordage. -Sailing from hence weftward, we came in fight of the S. W. point of the illand; it was called Cape Hyron ; near which is an ifland of confidciablc ixtcnt, which received the name of New Manovcr. The ftrait we had now pafted was called Byron's Strait ; one of the largoft ifland* we had fccn, Byron's Illand, and thcS. W. point of New Hanover, (^leen Charlotte's I'"orcland. On the fi)llowing day, we law feveral fmall iflands, which received the nime of the Duke of Portland's Iflands. Having completely navigated St. Cieorge's C.hanncl.thewholelcn^ch of which is about loo leagues, we held on a weftward courfe, and on .Monday the 14th, difcovcred feveral iflands. The next morning fomc hundreds of the natives came oft" in canoes to- wards the ftiip, and were invited on board by every token of friendlhip and good w ill ; notwiihftanJing which, when they came w ithin reach, they threw feveral lances at the feainen on the deck. A great gun and feveral iniilliueti were then fired at them, by which fomc were killed or wounded ; on which they rowed K)\varils (hore; and after they had got to a diltance, a lliot was flred, lo as to fall beyond iheui, to convince them that thi-y were not out of the reach of the guns. .Soon .itlcr, foine other canoes advanced ffom a dillant prut ol' the illand, and one of them coining nearer than the left, rlie people in it were invited on board the (hip: inllead of complyinji, they threw in a number of darts and lancfs. 'I'his allault was returned by the firing of feveral muniueis, b\' which one of the Indians was killed; on which his companions jumped over-board, and fwam to rlie other canoes, all of whom rowed to the ftiorc. I'lie canoe being taken on board, was found to contain turtle, and fiime other lilh, alfo a fruit of a Ipecies between an apple and a plum, hitherto unknown to luiro|ieans. Thefe people were moftly negroes, with woolly hair, which they tiowdered, and went naked, except the ornaments oi' (liells round their arms and legs. \Ve nov. co.ifted along the iflands, to which we ga\e the general name of the Admiralty Iflands. They have a beautiful appearance, being covered with Woods, groves of coCoa-nut trees and the houfes of the natives. The largeft we computed to le about 50 miles in length ; and they prodiic e many valuable arti- cles, particularly fpices. WediCcovered two fmall ver- dant iflands, on Saturday the njth, which were called Durour'.t Ifland and Matty's Ifland, the inhabitants of whiih laft ran along the coaft with lights during the 1 night. We had light of other two fmall iflands on the 24th, which were called Stephens's Iflands, and \Nhich abounded with beautiful trees. Wc faw alfo three iflands on Friday the 25th, in the evening, when the natives came oft" in canoes, and went on board the fliip. They bartered cocoa-nuts for fome bits of iron, ^^:^h which metal they did not feem unacquainted, and ,in. peared extravagantly fond of it. They called it parrani and hinted that a fhip lometimes touched at their iflands. Thefe people were of the copper colour and had fine black hair; but their beaids wcreverv fmall, as they were continually pliu king the hair froiii their faces. Their teeth were even and white, ami their countenances very agreeable. 'I hey were fo ex- tremely active that they ran up to the malt he.id cjuiekcr than the failors. Kvcry thing that was given thciii they ate and drank with freedom, and feeir.cd to liavc no fort of referve in their behaviour. A piece of Inn: matting wr.ippcd round their waifls, confliiuted ihc whole of their drefs, and good nature ajipeared to he the only rule of their actions. The current cairviiin the fhij)fwiftly along, the Captain had not theopnu tunityof landing; and was therefore oliligcd toaid^ gratifying thefc friendly people in th;it partictihir though they very readily oflered that lijine of their people fliould remain as hoftagcs tor the fife return of any of the ofticc-s or fhip's company who fluuiM ihiifc to go on fliore. I'lnding that their ofl'er was not ac- cepted, one of the Indians abfolutely rcfiifed to ijiiic the ftiip : he was carried in conleciucine, as far as the ifland of Celebes, where he died. This man \u^ named Jofeph l-'reew ill, and we called tlu laiiiell uftl.c ifles, l-'reew ill Illand, (by the natives called Te^-:!!!.) The names of the \.v.o other illaiids wcieOtiati and Onello.. An ifland was difcovcred from the maft-head as«c held on our courfe, on NKnulay the iSth, in the even. ing, but wcneiihcr landeil there nor (.'ave it a iwmc. Monday the 1 :th of October, we lh« a fiiull ille whuh wc named Current illand, from the great ftreiigth of the foutherly curient in thole parts; and the next day two illandswcrc dillovered, towhich wcgave the name of St. Andrew's Illand. 'I he next land appeared to be Mindan.io, along theS. \\. part of which wecoaftcil, feeking for a bay which Dampier had dcfcribed ; but this we could not liiul. The boat, hc)we\er, found a little creek at the fouthern extremity of the ille. near which a town and a fort were feen. The (leople haviii ' defcried the boat from the fliore, a gun was liiecl, .iiid feveral canoes came oft' after it. The lieutenant there- fore retreated tow aids the fliip, which when the canon difcovcred, they retired and made towards the fliore. We now ftixid to the eaflward, and cm Monday the :d of November, anchored in a bay near the fhorc, whithti the boats were difpatc hed to take in water. No ligns appeared cf that part of the illand being inhabited; a canoe however came round a point, feemingly with a view of obfcrving us, which roued back again, after having taken a furvey of the \eflcl. In the night, a great noife was heanl on the fliore, f'oiiuu hat like the war-long of the .'Xmerican.s. The C'ajitain therefore made proper preparations to defend himfelf in cali; hoftilitics ftiould be commenced on the part of the illanders. One of the boats was fent on fhorc tor water the next morning, and the other was ordered to hold hcrfelf in readinefs, in cafe her afliflance fliould be necelFary. The crew had no fooncr landed th.in feveral armed men came lc)rward from the woods, and one of them held upic)mething white, which being con. Itrued as a ficn of amity, the Cajjtain having no white flag on boarci, determined to fend the lieutenant with a tabic cloth in order to anfwer the token of peace. For the prcfent this had the dcfircd eftect. 'i'wo In- dians, who fpokc bad Dutch and Spanifti, having at laft made themfelves undcrftood by the ollicfr, in the latter language, made feveral incjuirics which chirHy turned upon dcliring to be inftirmcd whether the ftiip belonged to the ftatci of Holland, and whether Ihe was bound to Batavia or elfcwhcrc. Hn alfo wanted to know iflandsonthe Js.iiiul which »\v alfo three 'R. \\lini the oanl tlic fliip. of iron, wiih "cd. am) ay. '"-'J it parrani, lial at their 'PI'tr toloiir, Ills ucrc very the hair t'rnin -i white, 1111,1 >■ were fo ex. head i]iii,kcr s given them "led to have piece of line •nflittited ii,c ''peared to hi fit cairiin;, 't the opivil igcti to ic'i;!",. ;t partieiihir, oiiie of their 'ifc retiiin of ' (hoiild ( hiifc r was not n,.-. 'ui'i.\\ to quit as (ar as ihe his iii;in vai la'yell oftl-e •'lied I'c,M!l,) <•• Onata and 1-head as we in theev(n. >'e it a M:inic. all illcwhuh t nrenj;:li of the next day avc tile name appeared to h « e coadcil, :fcril)cii ; but ver, found a he ille. near leopk' having as liied, ami tenant there- 'n the eanoii ii the flinre. >nday the :d ore, whither . No ligns ; inhabited; mingly with again, after he night, a hat like the in tlieretore ifelf in . ^ i\ 8 I f § $• J- «». I r^ 5^ I ):. h r: ■ «-*««K *-•, Ml :**H.; I V %.! 1 m ■R^ "il HHIi I^H 1 ^^^w > - r fti ». Captain CARTERET's'OVAGE— for making Difcoverics in the Southern Ocean, &c. 287 know whether (lie was a (hip of wariano what number ofiriins (he carried. Having been rc(blvcd as to thcfc particulars, he faid they might proceed to the town ; flnnc armed Indians were ordered to retreat, and the lieutenant prcfentcd a filk handkerchief to the perfoa he convcrlcd with, receiving a neckcloth in return. When the Captain heard this, he was highly pleafed, thinking that all matters were now in a proper train, cfpccially as he had received a fupply of water j but while he Vas enjoying this profpcd, he perceived fomc hundruds of armed Indians on the lliore, who held up their targets, and brandiflicd their fwords, by way of defiance, and at the fame time tlifcharged their lances anil arrows towards the vcflcl. Notwithftunding this holHlc appearance, the Captain was Hill willing, if pof- liblc, to avoid coining to extremities with the illanilcrs, and for that purpofe, fent the lieutenant on (liorc to (iifulay again the former fign of peace. As the boat approached the fliore, but without landing her men, fine of the natives beckoned them to come where he Hood, hut the lieutenant did not chufe to obey this funimons, le(\ he (hould come within reach of the arrows of the iflandcrs. He now concluded that there vcrc Dutchmen or people in the Dutch interirt on lliort, to whofe interference this apparent alteration in tlu- (lifpofit inn ()f the natives was owing, and who hati iritucd theiMtives againft the Swallow's crew, on bc- in|nnfc)rnu"ii that (he was an Kiiglifli vcfll-1. Captain ("iitiTct however failed from this plate, which he called IVaitUil Hav, with a full intention to vifit the town; Init foon alirr the wind blowing violently in lliore, he altiird hi^ nfolution, and (leered direClly for Uatavia, uhirh was pmbably the bertcourfe he could have taken ill fiich a critical fituation. On Saturday the 14th of November, we reached the llrait of M.K alTar, which (Iraitlies bctweer^ the illunds of Celebes and Ikirneo. To a point of the tiinner, we at this time gave the name of Hummock Point ; and to the wellward of this point we difcovered a great many bo.it.- lidiiiigujwn the (hoals. On the 21 (I, we were in fij;ht of two very fmall illands, which were covered with verdure, and Captain Carteret fupjwfed them to be the Taba llles, mentioned in the French charts. \Vc rroded the cquimx'tial line, and came into fouthern btinide, on Sunday the 29th; the tornadoes becoming violent, and the current fetiing againit us. Death had now dinunidird the crew, and (icknefs was daily weaken- ing the remainder. We had fight of the Little Fatcr- Nollcrs (illands lo called) which arc lituate fomething more than two degrees to the fouthward of the cqui- mK'tial line, but the winds and currents would not fuH'er ui at that iMue to land tor any refrelliment. .\t this time the whole crew were alike afHicled with the fcurvy ; and what was very dirtrclling we were artacked foon iittcr in the night by a piratical vefTel, w hich had been (an the evening before. She engaged us with fwivel puns and fmall arms ; but though we could not foe the tneiiiy, we returned her lire Co warmly that we fent her til the Ixittom, and all her crew perillied. As to the Swiillow (he received fome fmall damage, and had two perliins wouiuicd on board. The veflel that (lie funk biloiig.d to a pirate w ho had no lels than thirty of them rnj^i^ed in the biUinefs of plunder, which conllantly infelUd thefe feas. The difeafes of our men now daily increafed. By the i:th, wchad loll 1 j ot' our crew, and ;jo others were almoft on rlic point of death. I'he wellerly nionfoon being fet in we could have no hopes of reaching Ba- tavia, and our lituation was fuch that wc mull pcrilh if wc could not fpeedily make land. On this account, it was refolved to (leer lor Macaflar, a Dutch fettlement on the illaud of Ccleltcs ; and happily wc accompldlied oiirdclipn, coming to anchor otf that ifland, at the dif- tance of more than a league Irom MacalTar, on Tucfday the 15th of December. The governor fent a Dutchman on bo.ird the Swallow late that night, who feemed much alarmed on finding that (lit was an Lnglilh (hip of war, and would not null Jumftflf in the cabin, liirly the next morning, the Captain difpatched a letter to the governor, requeflin*' leave to buy provifions, and to (lieltcr his fliip till the feafon for failing wellward came on. The boat arriving at the (horc, none of the crew were fuffered to land ; amf, the lieutenant having refufed to deliver the latter to any but the governor himfelf, two oflicers, called the Shebandar and the I'ifcal, came to Mm with a mcd^ige, importing that the governor was (irk anil had coiniiiand- ed them to come for the letter. The licutiMi.int, though he thought this was only a mere pretence, at: length delivered the letter, which they took away with them. After the boat's crew had waited w ithout any refrertimcnts (i)r fevcrat hours in the heat of the fun, they were told that the governor had ordered two gentle- men to wait on their Captain with an anfwcr. As the boat lay ollthe wharf, our people on board obfcrved a great hurry on (hore, and concluded that all hands were bufv in fitting out arnieJ vcffcls, a circunidanc which could not much contribute to our fatistiiclion. Hut according to the promife given, foon after the boat's return, two gentlemen of the namc.5 of De Ccrf and Douglas, came with difpatchcs, deliring, that tlic (hip might inllantly depart from the port, witlioiic coming any nearer to the town; inliilingthat Ihe (hould not anchor on ^ny part of the coall, and that the Captain (hould not permit any of the people to land on any place under the governor's jurifdictinn. The Captain could not but fenlibly feel the rrueltv of this proceeding. .'\:, the llrongcll aigumenr that-ould be ufed in anfwcr to the letter, lie iliewtd his dying men to the gentlemen, and urged the necelliry of the cafe ; nor could they but feel the propriety of granting rcfrefliments to the fubjeiits of a power at peace with their country, and who were in fuch a deplorable fitua- tion ; but they obferved that their orders were abfolute and mull be obeyed. Incenfed at this treatment. Captain Carteret, at lull, declared, that he wouldcomc to an anchor clofe to the town, and then, if th'-y perlllkd in rcfufing him necefliiry refrclhments, that he would run the Ihip aground, when his crew would fell tiieir lives as dear as pollible. Being alaimed at this declaration, they in- ticated the Captain to remain in his ])refcnt fui;ati in till further orders (hould arrive. This he promifed, on condition that an anfwerfliould be lent before the fetting in of the lea-breeze the next day. In themorning early, it was obferved that a floop of war, and another veffel w ith Ibldiers on board, anchored under the (liip's bows. They refufed to fpeak with Captain Carteret, and as he weighed and fet fad with the fea-breeze, they did the fame, and clofely followed him. As he proceeded, a veflel from the town ap- proached him, wherein were feveralgentlcnirn, and .Mr. Douglas among them ; but, till the Swallow dropped anchor they could not come on board. Thev exprelied fome furpri/.e at the Kiiglilh vellei's having advanced fo far; but the Captain alledged that he had only acted according to his former declaration, which his prefenc lituation would fulUciently jullify to every candid perfon. Thefc gentlemen brought w ith then, two (heep, fome (owls, fruit, and other provifions, which were extremely welcome to the Englifli; but,after they had made feveral propofals, with which he could not coiiiplv, he (hewed them the de.ad body of a man w ho had expired but a few hours before, and whofe life might probablv have been laved, had the Dutch lent then; a tinicK' fupply of refrelhments, and again declared his refolution of ex- ecuting what he had threatened, if they would not com- ply with his rcquifition. His guells now enquired whether the (hip had touched at the fpice illands, and were anfwcrcd in the negative. At laft it was agreed, that the Swallow lliould fail for a bay at a little dillancc, where an hofpital for the fick might be provided, and where provilions were generally plentiful, and, if there was a want of any article, they might be fupplied oc- cafionally from the town, 't will be imagined that a projwfal of this kind was readily agreed to by Captain Carteret 5 all he infifted upon was, that it Ihould be ratified by the governor and council, which was after- wards sSS VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. wards ilonc in the proper manner. Ho coiil(< not fi^r- bcar afking, however, lor \\ hat reafon the two velli-ls had anchored under his Ihip's bows. I Ic receive parted mlVicndlhip. I he next day an olliccr from the town came on Imard to whon\ the Captain apphcd to get money for his hills on the lMi;^',lilli government. He promiied to cndca. voiir to do this, and for that pur|)ofe went on Ihorc but when he returned in the evening, he faid that there was no perfon in tlic town that had any cafli to remit to I'airope, and that the company's cheft was quiic empty. Tiiis was a great diliiculty ; however it ivaj furinountcd at la(l by an order being fent to the He. lident at Ui)nthain, who had money to remit, and who in conlequciicc received the bills in qiielHon. iJT ■■ — ; C H A P. III. ^hrS:i\illt.ci]iil. lj,r j'.nai ll'!< plarr — Adffniplioiioflhetvivn of\fMi'll.ir and ciyfHwjticiu cmiiihy — Slw fycirds inin the l\ty fif B'liiibnii, i>i ih: nLnd o/Cflelifs, lo Hattn-ut, in the ijltf.l f Jfii: ! — Rinitrkjh'r ii.cidrnif aud /ViDi/'iir/rjns — Tlw .V:cj//s:;' iiiid'-m ,1/ (Jurtid, n ordn- lo hair hrr diff'/> np.inwi .'/'/ iirr'Ui:/ rf the Dutch <^o:Yrn'ir, and the coiirlcoiii heh.iVfuir ;/' /Idiuiriii H:utiii<^ to Giptain Carteret — The Si^a, 1 7^1), hainiii Uen a/feni tzvo \ears and ic\.;n months. t'le ! ;ih. wc anch(ired, as wc have ;il (ill- dillaiHt ol lour n\iles from the our reckoning, lies in ON Tui fd^ oiir(.i\.d, town ot MacalLir, which, by latitude 5 d(g. 10 mill. S and in 1 17 dcg. ;S min. K longitude, liavini; l\'eii in our run tiom the Strait of .Magellan noi Ids than j; veeks. On Sunday the ;oth, we ("ailed, at ilay-break, and in the afternoon of the enfinnji dav, aiii liore'.l in I'lc road of lionchain. The guaid lioals weie immediaiily mocued clofe to the iliorc, to preveiu all commiinication between our boats anvl thofe ot' the country, l apiain Carteret havini; waited, upon the riltJcnt, to fefile the price, and mode o('nrocunng pro\illons, i houfc wis alloued to lii.s iile, liuiated near the fc.i-lide, and dole 10 a Iniall lort of eight guns, the onl) one in tius place. I'he houfe biin<; tilted up as an holpital, the lick were landeil, and as foon as our people were on (hore,a guard of ^o privates, two (ergeams, and two corporals, under the (.omm.uvl of I. c Cert, was fer over them, who were not permirtcd to abo-.e jO yards Irom the holpital, nor wore anyol the natives ludireil to c.ime near enough to fell them any thing; fo that the proHis of the tralhc tell into the hand-, of the Dutch foldiers, whole gains were imniodoratc ; to great indeed, that tome oflheinlbld various arru ies at a piofi' ot more than a thoqlimd jier cent alter liaving extoited the provilions at what price tiiev plc.ilcd from the natives; and it a countryman ventured to (Xprei's any figns of difcontent, a broad f,vord '.'as immeviiately Houritlicil over hii he.ad ; this uas I .wivs fiiiiii ieni to (ileticc complaint, and fend the fuli.'ier quietiv aw;iy. 'I'hc Citipiain having rcmon- Itraied with Mr. Swdlingrable on the in|ullicc..j>f this procedure, he reprimanded the foldier-s with becoming I'pirit ; btit this proi'uce I no good elfect ; and alter ihis, I.e Cert's wile fold pro\ilionsat more than double the prime coll, while it was fufpccted, that he fold arrack to uhe feamen. It was the duty of one of the tiildieis, bv rotatioti, to procure tlie day's provition for the whole uuaid, which fervice he pertiirmed by going into the {.ountrv w ith his muf(iuet and bag ; nor w as this honeU provider fat'stied with what his bag would hold, for one ot the. a, withoui any ceremony, drove down a ♦oung b.iifalo, and his comrades fup|)licd themfelves with ttood 'odrefs it (loni the pallifadocs of the (brt. 'J'lie Captain thoiight the report of this facl fo ex- traordinary, thai he went on Ihore to fee the breach, and found t'ne poor lilac ks repairing it. On the 26th and 27th, three vellil.s arrived here, one of which had troops on lioard, deltincd for the liaiu^ I/lands, but \ ■ .- their boat? not being allowed to fptak with any ol our pcciple. tl'.c I jptain prev;iilid on the relidi nt, to (nir- di.ile ti)r his life liiur calk; ot verv good fait jirovitMii;, two bung pork, and two beef On Monday the :Xili, abovf 100 country velicN, t nlicd pro;is, aiK'hori'd mihe bay ot liontlkain. 'I'liele veliek tith round the illinj ot Celebc:, going out atone montbon, and coming back with thv (ibcr: they carry Dutch colours, and fend the pro luce ot' tlteir labours to China for talc. On Monday the i Sth of January, a let- . .-. , ter from Mai alfir was brought to the ' ' " '" Captain, by which he was infiirmed, that the Oolphin, our old conlort, had been at Hatavia. On 'rhiirUi.iv the :Sth, the fecretary ol the council, who accompanicj I.e Cert hither, received orders to return to Macad'ar. Our carpenter by this time having greatly recovered hu health, beuan to examine into the condition of the Swallow, and the was tiiund to have feveral leaks; and as little Could be ilone to thefe, we were reduced to an entire ilejiendance on our pumps. Mer main-mad was alfo fprung, and appe.tred to be rotten. 'As no wood could i)e procured here to make a new one, «e patched II up, without either iron ortorge, as well aswc couUi. 0:nhe 19th ot lebruarv, I.eCerf, the miatarv ollicer was recalled, in order, as was reported, to make preparations tiir an expedition to the illand of B.illy; and on Mondavthe -ih of March, the largdf of the guard boats, a iloop of 40 tons, was likewife orderni to return t > Macifliir, with part of the foliiiers. On thr <9 to our lieutenant, dircdlcd to " The Commander of the EnglKh (hip at Bonthain," the purport of which was to acquaint the Captain, that the king of Bony, in con- iunftion with the I5utch, had formeaa defign to cut us off; they were not to appear in the bufincfs, but the fon of the king of Bony was appointed the principal agent. JJ-fidM the plunder of the Swallow, he was to receive a gratu'ty irom his employers. The letter intimated that he \»i now at Bonthain, with 800 men, ready to execute tlie projcuch dreaded among people that are well cloathcd, yet as the natives engage naked, their IVins areeafily penetrated, and the poifon operates fo fpcedily, that it is not cafy to cure them : they w ill ftrikc a man w ith thefe darts at near an hundrcdyards diflance. Macaltar, the chief city here, is fituatcd on the banks of the river of the fame name, near the S. W. corner of the illand. i Icre the l>itch have a very (Irong fort, mounted with a great number of cannon; and the gar- rilbn confilh of Soo men. The lUeets of the town art w ide and neat, hut not paved, and trees are planted on each fide of them. The palaces, mofijue, and great houfes are of ftonc, but the houfes of the meaner for! of wood of various colours, which make them look very beautiful, but are built on pillars like thofe of Siam, and the roofs like theirs alio are covered w ith palm or cocoa leaves. I Icrc are lliops along the fireets, and large market places, where a market is held twice in 24 hour<, viz. in the n.orning before fun-rrfe, and an hour before fun-fct, where only women are feen ; a man would be laughed at to be found amongrt them: from all the villages \ou fee the \iHing wenches crowding to market with flcili, tini, rice and low Is ; they .-(bllain only from pork, which their religion forbids. Upon a com- putation of the n.uniur of inhabitants, in this city and the neighbouring viikigi 5, fome years ago, they amount- ed to 160,000 ircn able to bear arms ; but now are not half that nmber, tiuny of them ha\irtg forfaken their country lince the Dutch deprived them of their trade. The rclt of the towns and villages were once equally populou.'', but are now many of ihem defrrted. The people of Vlacafl'ir have excellent memories, and are quick of apprel-.eullon, they will imitate any thing 'hey fee, ami would probably become good proficients in all arts and fcieiKcs, if they did not want good mafters to improve their talents. They have alfo lliong robuft bodies, arc extremely indullrious, and as ready to undergo fatigues as any pcopio whatever : nor arc atiy people more addided to arms and hardy cnterprifes, infoniuch that they may be looked upon as almod the otily foldicrs on the other lide the bay of Bengal ; and accordingly are hired into the fcrvicc of other princes ami ftatcs on that lide, as the Swifs arc in this part of the world : even the Europeans frequently employ them in their fcrvice, but have {bmctimes fuflfercd by truAing them too far j or rather, our people being too apt to ufe them like flaves, asthey do the poor Portuguefc and Muftccs in their fcrvicc; this is a treatment which the Macallarians will not bear, and never fail to revenge whenever it is attempted by our European go verrtors. The people of Macaifar are of a moderate ftature, their complexions fwarthy, their cheek-bones ftand high, and their nofcs arc generally Hat; the bft isefteem- cd a lieauty, and ahnofl as much pains taken to make thein fo in thcii* infancy, as to make the Chioefe ladies have little feet. They have Hiining black hair, which is tied up and covered with a turbant, oi- cloth wound about their heads when ihey are drclFcd, but at other times thcv wear a kind of hat or cap w ith little brims. They continually rub and fupple the limbs of their infants with oil, to render them nimble and active • .md this is thought to be one rcafon there it hardly ever fcen a lame or crooked pcrfon among them. Their male children of the better fort, it is faid, jrj always taken from their motl rs at fix or feven ycar< of age, and committed to the care of fome remote re- lation, that they may not be too much indulged and effeminated by the careffes of the mother : they are fciit to fchool to their prielh, who teach them to write and read and call accounts, and the precepts of the koran: theircharaders very inuch rcfemblc the Arabic, whkli is not (trange, fince their anccUors, many of them, were Arabians. Uelidcs their books, every child is bred uii to fome handicraft trade ; they are alio taught feveral (ports ami martial excrcifes, if they are of quality ; but the meaner fort arc employed in hulbandry, lilliing, and ordinary trades, as in other places. This people feem to be infpired with juft notions of honour and friendlliip, and there arc inlbnces of many of them who have expofed their lives even in defenee of foreigners and Chriftians; and of others who have generoully relieveil and maintained people in dillreC, and even fullered them to (hare their edates. Ihey re- tained that love of liberty, that they were the lall of the Indian nations that were enllaved by the Dutch, which did not happen neither till after a long and very ex- penfivc war, wherein alnio.'l the whole (orce lif the Hollanders in India was employed. The pcojile in gener.il arc very much fubjec'. to palfwn; and they will condemn their own ralhnels if they are in the wrong. I'he women arc remarkable chafte and refervcd, at lead they cannot help appearing fo; for the leall fmiic or glance on any but their hullxmds, is held a fullicient lealba (bra divorce : nor dare they admit of a viliteven from a brotlKr, but in tiic prefcnce of the hu(band: and the law indcmnilics him lor killing any man he Ihall (ind alone with his wife, or on whom (he has con- ferred any mark of her favour. But the inhabitants of this country are in general fo little addided to infamous practices, or litigious difputes, that they have neither attornies or bailiffs among them. If any differences arife, the parties apply perlbnally to the judge, who determines the matter with ex{)cdition and equity. In foinccjiminal cafes, fuch as murder, rol>lKry, &c. he has a right to execute juftice hin>felf, 1^ de(\roying the offender. On the other hand, the man keeps as many wives and concubines as he plcafcs, and nothing can be more ignominious than the want of chikiren, and the having but one wife : the love of women, and the de- lire ot children is univcrfal ; and according to the num- ber of won>cn and children the man poflt-lTcs his happu nefs is rated. To proceed ; though the womcR of falhion generally keep clofe, yet upon certain fcftivaU they are fuffcrci to come abroad and fpend their time in public com- pany, in dancing and other diverfions vifcd in the cociv try ; but the men do not mix with them as in this part of the world, only they have the happinefs to fee and be fcen, which nukes them wait for this happy time with impatience. Their princes and great mtn wear a garment made of fcarlct cloth or brocaeled (ilk, with large buttons of gold, they have likcwifc a very handfome embroidered (afli made of filk. in which their dagger and purfe arc placed, with their knife, crice, and other little trinkets. People of figure dye the nail of the little (inger of the left-hand red, and let it grow as long as the finger. The women wear a muflin fliifi, or rather waiftcoat, clofe to their bodies, and a pair of breeches, which reaches down to the middle ot the leg, inade of (ilk or cotton, and have no other head dre(s than their hair tied up in a roll, with fome curls hanging down their necks ; they throw a loofe pice? of linen qrinuflin ova - ■ > . »U Captain CARTERET's VOYAGE — for making Difcovcrics in the SourirERN Ocean, &c, 291 ill when they Ko abroad ; nor have they any ornaments but a cold ihain about their necks. They arc fond ol tint equipage and a great number of fcrvants to attend lluin ami it they have not lb many of tlicir own as their nullity requires, they will not ftir out, till they have cot the ufual number, by hiring or borrowing them. The furniture of their houfea contill chicHy ot carpets anJ rulhions, and the couches they deep on. 'I'hey fit croli-leggeJ on mats and carpets, as iiioll Afiatics This idiim! produces moft animnlj except llicep. There art monleze comes in. The harbours of greatefl^ note, and to which the Europeans ufually refort, arc Banjir Malllen, Suc- cadanea and Borneo, but much more to Bnnjar M-il- feen than either of the other; the grratcfl quantities of pepper growing towards the fource of that river, which falls into the fea ( deg. 1 8 min. S. latitude. The town ef Banjar formcily flood about 1 2 miles up the river, and was built partly on wocKlen pili.iri, ami pirtly on Hoat-s of timber in the river; but there is now mi lign of a town there, the inhabitants being rcnw.cu !,j 'I'atas, about fix miles higher. The city of Borneo, formerly thr refidcnrc of the principal fultan or king of the iflund, lies on the N. \V. part of the ifland, in 4 dcg. 55 min. .V. latitude, and is a very commodious harbour. This city is ver)' large, the flrects fpacious, and the houfes well built; they are in general three ftorics high, covered with flat roofs, and the fultan's palace is a very elegant and extenfive build- ing. It is the chief feat of commerce in the ifland, and the port is continually crowded with (hips from China, Cambodia, Sia.n, Malacca, &c. The Englifli and Por- tuguefe have fome trade here, though no fettled fadory. The port of Succadanea lies on the wefl-iidc of the ifland, in 1 5 min. S. latitude, and was heretofore more rcforted to by the Europeans thr.n any other. Over againft this, en the eafl-fide of the ifland, ftands another fca-port town, called Fafleir, in 1 5 min. S. latitude, but is not a place of any great trade. One of the moft conlidcrabic inland towns is Cay- tongc, the fultan whereof is now the moll potent prince in tnc ifland : this city lie* about iga miles up the river 8 Banjar; and aliimi 2.00 milis higher flaiiils tlic town i,f Negarec, the relidence of another fultan. Thcnnmci of the other princi^)al towns are TaiTiongbuoro, Sfdani' TanjongdatiM), Sambus, Landa, I'ifag.idan, Cot.iRiii.' Jang Sainpit, Tanjong, Sclatan, Gonwaiengcn ,inj I'd. maiioocan. Their chief livers arc, 1. Banjar. 3. Tatas. 3. Java. 4. Succadanea I and, 5. Borneo. Banjar is a line river, riling in the mountains in the middle of the illand, and, running fouth, difcliarv'CMu felfintoa bay on th^: S. E. part of the ilbiul, lunuf navigable for feveral hundred miltn; (he buikj it^ plaiucd with t.ill cvcr-grcen trees. The 1 ivcr latM tails into the mouth of B.iiijar River, and jj fn. ijuently called the China 'River, becaiife the Chini lunkj lie in the mouth of it. The rivers Java and b,kt;i, danea run froiu the N. E. to the S. VV. ami u;| into the bay of Succadanea in the S. VV. part of thi: ifland. The river Borneo falls into the bay of Borneo, in the N. W. part of the ifland. The tides in the nvcr ban. jar flow but once in 24 hours, and that in the ilay-timo; they never rife more than half a foot in the nmlu (im. lefi in X very dry feafon) which is occalioiud by the rapid torrents, and the land winds blowing very Ibon^ in the night-time. There lie three iflands within ilx entrant c o'" he river, the lirll of which is covered wiiii tall tiees, that may Ik- fecn at fca, and arc a good in.nk for failing over the bar. Ifafliipbc ;igrouiul, thcdib is fo vci) llroiii.';, occalioiud by tlu- land Hoods, that (he will run the ha/.ard of being broke to piece-, ; and the trees continually driving down the river, render the navigation llill more d.ingiinus. The lx.ll ani.li(]|-. ing place is a mile or two within the river; it is lull to fall up with the Hood, the tide of el'li runs lo (lidiifj. There are a great m.iiiy (ine bays and harbo'.nion li.e coafl, but that mofl rcforted to is at the iixjuih of the river Banjar. The natives of Borneo confifl of two difl-rcnt pco. pie, that arc of diU'ercnt religions; thofc uiuni the lla coalt are ufually called Banjarccns, fiom the to.ui uf Banjar, to which mofl nations refort, to trade with ihcpi. The Banjarccns arc of a low flatiirc, very fwaith\, ihcir features bad, refcmbling much the negroes of Cimiuj, though their complexion are not fodark ; they are well proportioned, their hair is black, and fliines with the oil with which they pcrnetually grcafc it. The women arc of a low flaturc and fmall limbs, as the men arc, but their features and complexion much better, and they m )ve with a good grace. The lower clali> of people go almofl naked; they have only a little hit of cloth before, and a piece of linen tied about their heads. Their betters, when they arc drelTed on davs (d cere- mony, w ear a vefl of red or blue filk, and a loofc pmc of (ilk or line linen tieil about their loins, and thiown over their left flioulder. They wear a pair of dra\u;s, but no fliirt, and their legs and feet arc [tare ; their hair is hoiiiul up in a roll, and a piece ofmuflin or (allico tied over it; they always carry a crice or dagger in their falli w hen they go abroad. The liyams or iiioiin- taincers are much taller and larger bodied men tb.aii the Banjarccns, and a braver jK'ople, which their litii.i- tion and manner of life may account for, lieiiij.' iniiiid to labour, and to (bltow the chace for their da.ly food; whereas the Banjarccns ufe very little exeicife, travelling chiefly by water. The Byaios hasellarce aii) cloath- ing, but, not admiring their tawny Ikins, paint their. bodies blue, and, like all other people that live in hot climates, anoint thenifelves with oil, which liialls veiy ftrong; and the better fort, it is faid, pull out their lore- teeth, and place artificial ones, made of gold, in their ftead ; but their greatcfl ori]amcnt confifts of a nunihet oftygcrs teeth, which arc ftrung together, and worn about the neck. Some of them arc \CTy fond of having large ears ; to obtain which, they make holes in the foft parts of them w hen young ; to thcfe holes are faftcn- ed w eights about the breadth of a crown piece, w hich is continually prefling on the ears, and expand them to fuch a length, as to cauTc them to red upon the flioulders. C/iprviN CARTKRKT'i VOYAGE — for nmlcing Dilcovcrics in the Southern Ocean, &.i. 29^ S; Ihe Ifaniarctni arc an hol'pitahlo Iriciully i>cet.s at their meals, and indeed almoll all jl.iv Imfi, chen in(» betel and aak, or fmoakinK tobacco, \i hii h both fexes are very fond of w hen it is mixed with o)iiini. The whole company ufually fmoke out of one p'ipL- i the niafter of the leall havinj^ fmoakcd lirll, rallin it rouiid the company, and they will fomctimes .it liuoaking fo lonfj, that they j^row Ihipid. At other limes they divert themfelves with cometlies, and the Chincfc have taiinh"- them to eamci their rural I'pom are huntinjr, IhiMXiilf,', ami liming. They have fuch plenty of filli, that they Inay take as many .u will fervc them a day at one calt, from their houlcs, which arc built upoii lloats in their rivers. 'I'heir iifual falute is thefalain, lifting up their hands to their heads, and bowin;; their ly)dics a little; arid before their princes, they throw themfelves prollrateou the ground : no one prcfiiiiies to fpe.ik to a ^reat man. till he i« lirlt fj)okeii to, an.l required to tell his bufinefs : they ufually travel in covered bo its upon their rivers 1 but the j^ieat men who live in the inland country ride on elephants or horfes. Ikliilcs rite, alnady mentioned, the prtKluce ol this coiintrv is c(«-;ipples, mangoes, and all manner ot tro- pical friiiis; cotton, canes, rattans, and plenty of very tine timber ; gold, precious ftones, camphirc, be/oar, ami pepper, lliere Jrc three forts of black jx-pperj the full and bell is the Molucca, or lout pepper; the feion.l IS c.ilted Caytonge pepper, and the worll fort is the Ntgarec pepper, ot which there is the grcatert tentv. 'i hi i is linnll, hollow and light, ami coiiimon- y full of dud, and the buyer will be impofeil on if he biivs it by mealuie, and docs not weigh it. I le mull take care al(i), that the pe()per be not mixed with little bl.ick Hones, which are not c.i ily i\xn. liic white peppi-r growsf>n the fame tre- 31 'le black pe|iperd(K-s, ami Ivars twite the price: it is conjecluieil to be the bill of the fruit that drops of itfelf and is gathered up by the poor (>cople in fmall (jiiantitieN, bcli>re it luriu bi.ick, ami the fcarcity of it occalitiiw it to be fo dear; but we fccm to want a moit: fatisiactory account ol this nutter. The animals hero arc the fame as on the continent of India, vi/.. bears, tygers, elephants, bulfalocs. deer, Szc. but the moll remarkable animal, and which is alinoll pctuliartothis illand, is that monllrous monkey called the oran-outang, or man of the wo3 and i04.di'g, ofeaftern longi- tude, and between 5 deg. 30 niin. N. latitude, and 5 ueg. 30 min. S. latitude, thcequinoctia! line running crofs the middle of it; having Malacca on the N. Horneo on r'le E. J.iva on the .S. E. and the Indian ocean on the v. eft, and IS 8cx> miles long, and about 150 broad. The air is gcnerariy unheakhful near the coalt. tlie country being \ervhot, and very moilh ami c Hanging fiiddenly from fulrrv heat in the d.-.y-tinn', to cold chilling winds in the n-ght. It is the firfl of the remarkable illands that ibrns the great Archi'vh^o of the ea(V, the entrance of which is, as it wcrj, blocked up by this idand and Java, which form a ba-ricr l'e|)arating the Indian from the Chinefc ocean; except that in rne center between the two illands ihcic '.san openint;, which appears as if purpolely de- fignrd to admit a free palfage for the advantages of com- iiiCr.-e. This opening is called the ftrait of Sunda, the loutli part of which is the north of Java, and called Java Head; ami the north jwint is the fouth of Sumair.», rolled Mat Point. Thcfc two are about fix leagues afundei, bttv.een which Ihips pifs from Europe diredly to Bativia or China, without touching ?.. the Indies: tbty Rretch away ealt from thC Cape of Good Hope, and make no land till having travcrfed the whole Indian fei tlicy arrive at Javi Head. In Sumatra arc v.o phyficians, but they rely upon the (kill and c:;pericncc of fome good old women, who arc acijuaintcd w ith the nature of their limplcs. 1 iu- flux is the diftciiipcr that ufually carries ott" foreigners, agair.i which :he fruit guava aiid the poinegranate arc certain remedies, if taken before the dillemper becomes violent ; but moll other fruits promote the difeafe. Bathing in void ^^'xr n elkemcd another remedy for the flux. TlieiT vuter, unboiled, as well as ihcrbet.is VC17 unwholcfoMio; full meals of liefli ought to be aM)ided, ocLaiioiiing a diftemjicr called the Mort Pucliin, whif ji h attended with a violent vomiting agd purging, and ufualls carries ofl the patient in 24 hours. Ihofe gentlemen that drink rtrong liquors to cxcefs, iil'jally avoid the flux, but arc carried off by fevers. -I'hc i.holic and fniall-pox are often fatal to the natives, J-, well as ioreigncrs ; but they are feldom troubled with dioplie :, gout, or Hone. I'cople who arc vareful of their hcahli, cut aiiJ drink moilcratcly. and boil their water;' nor lio they avoid w inc or arrack punch alto- gether, tor tliele dnink motler.ucly in this moill airpre- (ervc, rather tii.in dcllroy health. There IS a chain of mountains which runs the wliolc length ot the illaml, from the N. \V. to the S. E. and larctheair ii lluiiething better than onthccoaft; but I he lAiropean l.vtorics arc generally lituated at the niiaithso! rivers near the lea, for convenicnry of trade; ;iiid here three \ears may be reckoned a long lite, the lalt iVinkingoule lends upfuch unwhoUlome vapours as perleOHy poifon foreigners that are iLiu thither. The inonfoons. or periodical winds, Ihitt here at the equi- noxes, as they do in other parts of the Indian ilas, blow- ing li< iiioiuhs in one tlirciltion, and l-x months in the opponte direvnon; an. I near the coall there are other ji^riodiLal iwn.i.., which blrw the gtrarell part of the 1 day from the fea, and in the night-time *nd part of the morning from the lands but thcfc fcarce extend fcvcn miles from the coath Here is alfo a inoimtaia called Singlc-demond, about 40 miles S. E. of Ikncooltn, which is a mile in height perpendicular; the rocks near the welt coal! arc generaJly barren, producing little be« lides ihriibs; but towards the bottoiiv of them grows foinc good timber. The country has a great man v fniall rivers, but none of them navigable much aliuio tiieir mouths, falling Iniin high mountains, anil dil- charging thcmfelves precipitately into the fea, either on the E. or W. after a very Ihort cburfc; the rains con. tinuing here, as they do in moft places near the cqiii- noclial, lix months and upwards, every year, and no where with iivirc violence. The waters of the river Indapoora, during rains, look ird for two miles bevnml the mouth otu at fea, occalioned, it is (aid, by the great number of oaks that grow in their boggy grounds, and are almoll covered when the floods arc hi^liclt. The waters of all their rivers, w hich overflow the low roun- tries, arc very unwholefome, foul, and not fit lo be drunk till they are fettled, nor indeed till they have been boiled, and aa or fome other wholefome iitib* infufcd into thcttk; and this, no doubt, is one ciufe of the unwholefomenefs of the air, it being a uiv jurt obfervation, that w hercver the water is bad, the air is fo too. The ifland of Sumatra was antiently, and is at pre- fent, divided into a great many kingdoms and ftates, of which ;\chen is the moft conliderablc, whofe king u the moll powerful monarch in the illand, the north part of it being in a manner fubjectto him. helklcsthispnnce, there are feveral orancayas, or great lords, in this kinit- doin, who exercifc fovereign authority in their relJKx- tive territories; but they all acknowledge the king of .Vchen their fuperior, and accept of the great oliiccrs in his court. In former times the kings haveexe.-cili'd fuch defpotic |)ov»er as to dilplace fome cf tlule, and depofe others ; and, on the other hand, inlhiKcs ha'.e been known where thele prince.'; have depofe! the king, and phu.ed another on the throne. There have been frequent Ihuggles between the king of .\chin and thtfe princes Ibr fovarcign power; and if the former has m ibme reigns been ablolute, he has in others had a very limited authority. The king h.is the power of difpof- ing of the crown, during his life, lO Inch of his children as he thinks proper, whether born of a wife or a ton- cubine: but if the king does not difpofc of it in his lite time, there are fometinics fcveral competitors for it ; and he who li moll favoured by the crancayas, or vaifal princes, ufually carries his point; fo that the crov^ n m elective in iticic cafes. Achen, the metropolis of the kingdom of the fame name, is lituated at the ^J. W. end of Sumatra, in i4\ deg. (O min. E longitude, and in 5 deg. jomin. .\. latitude, and is much the moll conliderablc (lurc in tiir ifland. It Hands in a plain, fiirroundcd with uoods and inarlhes, about live miles dillant from ;hc fea, near a pleafant rivulet: it is an open town, without wall ot moat, and the king's palace Hands in the middle of it, being of an oval figure, about half a league in circum- ference, furrountied by a moat 25 feet broad, and as many deep: and about the p;,iacc there arc call up great banks of earth inlleadof a wall, well planted with reeds and canes, that grow to a prodigious height and thicknefn, inlbintich that they cover the palace, anJ render it almolt inacccllible; thee reeds alfo arc con- tinually green, and iu»t calily fct on fire. There is no ditch or draw- bridge l)clore the gates, but on each iiiie a wall of Hone about ten feet high that fupports a ter- race, on which fome ginvs arc planted ; and a fmall ftream runs through the middle ^f the palace, which is lined w ith Hone, and has flcps down to he bottom of it, for the convenicncy of bathing. There arc lour gates, and as many courts, to be pafTcd before wc come to the royal ap.irtnients; and in Ibmc of thcfc outwanl courts are the king's magazines, and the (landings of his elephants: as for the inward courts uf the pabcr, forcigncri, or even the natives, hardly cvci^ approach . .,* them; Captain CARTERET's VOYAGE — for making DHbovciies in tlic SoimiF.RN Octan, &c. 29; then.; »Bd tlieretiKC ajurt dcfcription ot tiieCc is nut to btexpeded. But notwithlUnding tiie foititications of jhis palace or caftle, as it is f()metiij)!s calkti, an- vi ry ineart »nd inconiidtfrabie, yet the avenues to it arc n.itii-- nlly well defended; for the country round alxmt Adicri iifull of rivuleti, tnarfties, and thick woods of cuno or bamboo, which are aliiioft impenetrable, and very hard to cut: there afe fcvcral little forts erecfctl alfo at pro- perdift»acc$ in the marflws where guanls are j)lanted to prevent any furprize. In the kinj^'s maga/.ir cs, foiiic juthori tell u», are found a numerous artillery, and a POod quantity of fire-arms, and that his guards coiiliU ot many thoufand men; but that hisgrcatell iVrciigth is \n his elephants, who are trained up to trample upon fiif and ftaiKl unmoved at the repon ot a cannon ; but this wedwll exatnuie more particularly ,. hen vc come tofpeak of the maintenance of the prince, both with refpeot to domeftic and military Ibpplies, for later travellers do not fecm to admire his [X)wcr or grandeur. The city conlifts of 7 or 8000 houles, which take up the iiioie ground becau'fe they are not contiguous, every peifon furrounding his iwcihn<^ with a pallifado pale that Hands fomeyarisdillant from it; except in two or three of the principal flreets where the markets arc kept, and where forcieiurs inhabit who chilli- to live near one another, to detcnd thcmfelves from thieves, robberies l)ting very common here. The harbour which is lb large -s to be capable of containing any number of the lar^^eit Hiips, isconmianded by a fpacious fortrefs encompaired with a ditch well fortified accord- inptothe Italian manner, and mounted with cannon. The Englilh, Dtitch, Danes, PortuRuefe, GiiTjiiat^, aiid Chinefe, are the thief traders in this city. 'I lie king has a great number of horfes, which, as wcl! a.s the tlcphants, have rich and magnificent trappings, lie is at no cxpence in times of war, lor all his fub'ieols are obliged to march ar their own cxpence, and carry with ihcm provilions U..' three months: he only liiriiitlies them with arms, powder, lead, and rice, which is very triHing. In peace, it does not coft him any thing, rvcii for the naintcnancc of his family, for his fubjeCts liipply bun with all kinds of provifions: they alio pro- vulc iiim and his concubines with cloaths. lie is l.elr to all his fubjects who die without ilTue male, and to all foreigners who die within his territories -, and fuccceds to the cftates of all thofc who arc put lodiath. From all which it appears, that the revenue of this prince, though not paui in money, ' very conlider.ihlc. The inhabitants of Achen arc more vicious than in odur places on the coall: thcv arc proiid, envious, and treacherous; dci'pife their neighbours, and yd pre- tend to have inorehuininity than the inhabitants of any other nation. Some of them arc good mechanics, tlpecially in the building ofg.illie.sj and they arc vcrv dexterous in doing all kinds of liniths work : they alfi) work well in woo«l and copper, and Ionic of them are (killed in making artillery. They live very abllemiouf- ly. their chief food being rice, to which Ibmc of the lu'tter fort add a linall quantity of fith an*) their ufud drmk is « ater. They are very lond of tobacco, thoi ^h ihey have but little of their own railing; a »l for want of pipes, they fmokc in a bunco, in the 'aiiic manner as the inhabitants on the coaft of Coroirandel. 'I'he huiicho is the leaf of a tree, rolled up with a little tdhjcco ill it, which they lij^ht at one end, and draw the fmoke through the other till it is nearly Uirnt to the lip?. 'I'hefe rolls arc very curioully tbrincd, ami fold in the public markets in great quantities. They hold a court of jullicc five times a week, for determining all matters of controvcrfy, in which one int <)t .Sillabar cxtendi.ig two or three leagues to the fouthwurd of it, makes a large bay; befdcs thcfc marks the old Englilh fort, whi<;h fronted towards the fea, might have been difcerned when a Ihip came within fcvcn or eight miles of the place. The town is almoll two mile.*; m compafs, and was inhabited chiefly by the natives, who built their houfes upon bamboo pillars, as inoth.r parts of the illan J. Ihc Portugucfe, CJhincfc, and Englilh had each a fcparate quarter. The Chinefe people built all upon a floor, after the cuftom of their country. The Englilh houfet were after their own model; but they found thcmfelves under a nocef- (iiy of building with timber, (though there wasi no warit of brick or iVonc), upon account of the frequent car'.li- qnakcs. The adjacent country is mountainous and woolly, and in fomc pares are volcanoes that frequently vomit fire. The air is very unwholrfomc, and the mountains arc gcncr.illy covered with thick clouds that biirfl in llorms of thunder, rain, &c. The foil is a frtilc clay, and the chief produce isgrafs; but nerr the fea it is al' a morafs. 1 here is a fmail rivor on the N, VV. fide of the town, by which the pepper isbrought here from the inland part of (he coifntrv; bur there is a great inconvenience in Ihippir.^ it, on accourw of a daiM^crous bar at the mouth of the river. Tno roail is alfo dangerous for Ihips, at it has no other defence from the violence of the fea during the S. W. monfoons, than a fmall pla::: called Kat Illand, which, t(»ith the 1 itid point of SillaUir, ni4k«3 th« hav«/i. The fltflf m i()6 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. The pepper brought here comes from the territories »f the two neighb uring rajahs, one of whom relidcs at Sindle-'ilcmoml, at the bottom of a bay lo or r2 miles to the north ; ami theothcrof Bafar, lo miles to the caft. There t«o rajahs have hotifcs in the town, whither they come when they have any buiinefs to tranfad with the >Hnj^lifli, who pay them half a dollar duty f«r every 560 jxnin.ls wei{;ht of pepj>cri and they alfo pay to the owner forevcry fjch quantity to Spanifli dollars, weigh- ing each 1 7 penny weiii;hts and 1 2 grains. fhc Englilli have alio other fettlements to the N. W. of the above, particularly at Cattoun, lituated about 40 mil-'sfrbm Hencoolen; Ippo, about 30 miles farther to the north; Bantail, which is upwards of 100 miles north of Bencoolen ; and Mocho, lituated a little to the fouth jif Indrapour. There are likewiw, and reckon it a great delicacy. (.{ ) I'edang, which is lituated about 60 miles fouth of the ci)uator, and has a line river, where large fliips may come up, and ride in fafcty; but it is thu moll inlig- nilicant fettlemenc the Dutch have oji this ill.ind : it uroiluccs but a fmall quantity of {leppcr; and the trade in gold is (o triHing, as hardly to defray the natural cxpcnces attending it. Many other places on this ifland are indepetuCint of the Kngliih and Dutch ; the chief of which are the folluwing. Friaman, it lies nearly oppolitc to Pedang, about 100 mile* N. W. "f Indrapour. It is very populous, and plentifully fupplicd with molt kinds of provilions. The natives carry on a conlidcrable trade with the in- habitants of Manimcabo. The Dutch had a tactory .hfnc.lQr niiiny years, but viereat lejijjth driven from it by the kingof Acht;p^ .. . v. .>., . , -, i ' , . . I J , ... Ticow, another very confiderablc place, whicli is lituated about fcven leagues from Daflaman, in 20(\^n, S. latitude. The inland part of the couhtry i^ verv high ; but that next the fea is low, covered with woodj and watered with feveral fmall rivers, which render li marlhv. There are, however, many pleafant meadows well Itockcd with buffaloes and other horned rattle which arc purchafcd at a very cafy price. It likcwiii aflords plenty of rice, poultry, and feveral forts ol fruit? as durians, ananas, oranges, citrons, pomegranates, lut! Ions, mangoes, cucumbers, and potatoes : but its nwW valuable produce is pepper, ivith which it abounds, and is in quality elteemed fuperiorto that of any other pl.uc on the ifland. The pepper chicHy grows at the bottom of the mountains ; for which reafon thofe pans arc ex- ceedingly populous. The city ftands about two ini!« from the fea. oppclite to a fmall illand. It is but \ little mean place, for the city and fuburbs do not con- tain 800 houfes, which are chiefly built w ith reeds, and are neither (Irong or comnwdioiis. The king is lub- ject to the kings of Achen. who appoints a new j;o\cr- nor every three years, and without him the king ot' Ticow cannot execute any bulinefs of importance. The governor, therefore, is the pcrfonapplied toby foa-jgiKR in the tianfacling of biifinefs, and even the natives mv him the moll dillinguiilied refficcK The inhabitants of tlic city are Malayans, hut the inland parts are [lo!'. felled by the n.uivts, whodifown the kuig of Achen'; authority, and have a peculiar language and kini; ot their own. This part of the country produces yicit quantities of gold, w|iich the natives evchan'.Vttnh the Dutch, or the inhabitants near thccoall, l(.)r iTpptr, fait, iron, cotton, red-cloth, anil S'lr.ir pearls. Ihtaii here is very iinhe.ikhy, partiiMsIarly frum Jiilv to (Kid. her, anil the (K'ople are very l.ihtf t to fevers, which ai.r fo violent in their nat'irc 'if; •, to admit of a ciii-; fo that were it not fin* ".h >';> -.o llranger wnirM venture to go near them. livery perfon who rr.idcsui this place, mull have a licence li)r that purpofe frnni the king of .Achen ; and when that is obtained, the*- cannot be intcrniptcil either by the kint^ or govciiior of 'I'lcow. They fell their pepper by bahir'.of 116 pounds avoirdupois : and the kinf "•' Achen has 1 1; y.n cent, out of all that is fold, th- 1 is, feven and a h.ilt lor the exjwrt of the pepper, and i" ven and a half forth; iniport of the mcahandize given in exchange for that commodity. Barras, which belongs to the king of Achen. is mc ofthe moll conlidcrable places on the well coal! ; it is fituatcdona tine river near the center between 1 row and .\chen, and, like the ti)rmer, no peifon rniilhradi; here without {Krinillion from the king. This place produces great plenty of gold, camphire. an<^ Iv. njainin, the latter of which ferves the natives inllead nfiiiuy. "ce. 7'ur . The country is very pleafant, and abound i and feveral forts of the moll dcliciou Dutch and Englilh, as alfo the inhaiiirant* ■ buy up the camphire here, in order to ca v ■, and the llraitsof Sunda. l he province of Andzi -/.i is fm.ill, but rema.k.ii: fitr proilu..ing great quantitici ol iTjuur: ai\d golii :s cheaper here than in any other part of the illand. Jamly is lituated on a river on the eall-lidc uf the illand, about 50 miles t'loiii the lea, in 2 deg. S. I,\ti. tude. (Jreat quaiuities of [U'pper n>c produced in it, which is laid to be much fujKrior in quality to ihji of Andrigri. The Dutch had a factor) here, the melt conlidcrable of all their fettleii.ents on the roait, bur th<;y withdrew troni it in 1710. The linglilh had like- wife a fadory near it, which they alfo;. rd on a( count of the obllriictioni they met with f . nc Dutch in their trade, Pcdir is fituated about ;jo miles cali ••: Achwi, an.l is a Urge territory : it has the advantage of an exec!. lent river. *l he li)il is vcr, tcrtil-, and the country produces fuch quantities if rice, thav it is called iho granary ai .Achen, |c alio produces a large quantity of lilk, part o!" '. 'lith 'n wove by the natives into fluff's, that aic valued 'n moll parts throughout the illanJ, Captain CARTERET's VOYAGE — for making Difcoveries in the South hrn Ocka.v, &. 297 iflaiui, anil the reft is fold to the inhabitants of the coalt ofCoroiiiundcI. Palfaiman, almoft under the equinoftial, is a large place, fituated at the foot of a very high mountain, but IS remarkable only for producing pepper, which is both larjjc and excellent in its quality. Cinquelc produces annually a large quantity of cani- phire, which the inhabitants of Surat, oh the coaft of Coromandel, purchafe for 1 5 or 1 6 rials the coff, or 28 ounces. Daya abounds in rice and cattle. In the ifland of Sumatra, they have a fmall breed of horl'us ; they have alfo bulValoes, deer, goats, hogs, tvcrs, hog-dccrs, monkics, fquirrels, guanoes, porcu- pines, alligators, ferpcnts, fcorpions, niulkatocs, and otiicr infeds : from the hog-dccr is obtained a fpecies of the bezoar-lione, which is of a dark brown colour, anil has two coars; a fmall quantity of this ftone, dif- lolvcd in any liquor, will remove an oppreffion of the lloniach, rectifies foul blood, and rellorcs the appetite: it is alfo very clliiacious in other diforders incident to hunun nature. Here are alfo hens, ducks, and other poultry; pigeons, doves, parrots, parakeets, maccaws and fmall birds; fea and river fi!h alfo are very plenti- ful, and turtle or fea tortoife. 'I'hey have elepiiants, hutthcv a.e fiippofed not to be natives. Kice i.'-much tlie greateU part of their food in all their meals : (Irong loiip, made o! Ilelli or filh, and a very little meat high fi.iloncd, fiTves to cat with their rice. 'I'hc Maho- metans thiit inhabit the load, abllain from fwines Hclli, and from ftroiig liquors, as they tlo in all countries of tiie fame fiitii. The mountaineers will eat any Hcfli, except beef, the bull being one of the objects of their worlhip, anii if we could give any credit to their neigh- bour.^ the people of Aihen, they cat human flelh ; but the world IS pretty well (.itislied by this time that there are no nafons of cannibals. Their conunoii drink is tea, or plain water; but they fouietimes ufe the liquor of vounjv ocoa-nuts, which is very cooling ami pleafant. The. always lit crofs^legged on the tloor at their meals. Their falutations are nuich the fame as in other Afiatic countries. Learning is not to be expected here. The conmion langu:!ge is thu Vlalavan tongue, and the koran and re- ligious lMH;ksof ihe Mahometans are written in Arabic, whicii IS no.v a de.id language. They have indeed the ufc of letrers here, as they have alnioll m every other ealUTn natuin except China ; but thufe gentlemen were fo fclf-fiillicit^nt, fo iiuich above being taught by peo- ple tliev look upon as their inicriors, that they have now the lead preteiKc to learning of any natiiui on the t'ace of the eartli. 'i'iie Mahometans of Sumatra Ipeak and write the Malayan l.uiguagc. 'i'hc Pagan mountameeis have a language peculiar to themfelves. As the Ma- hvans write from the right-hand to the left, the iiviuntaiiicers wnte as we do, from the left-hand to the right; and inllcad of pen, ink, and paper, they write, i>r rather engrave, with a flile on theoutlide of a bainlMKi cane ; the Mali)3, indeed, ufe ink and a iinrfe brown p>pir. Both nations are poor accomp- t:in!«, and are forced to make ufc of the iSanians that nliiie aiiu)ngli iheiii as their clerks, when they have anv conlidiAable accounts to make up, the lianians li.Mng faid to be polielied ol great abilities in this par- tKiil.ir, and are alio fome of the Ibarpeft traders in the world. I'he inhabitants ot' tiiis ifland are in general of a moderate Ihuure, and a very fwarthy complexion: they have bJack eyes, tl.u fat cs, and high cheek bones : their hair is long and bl.u k, and they take great pains to dyj ihiir teeth black: thi y hkewife belmear theml'elves with oil, as in other hot countries, to prevent being filing by the iafci'l . ; and let then nails grow exceed- ing long, fcraping tliiiii till they are tranfparcnt, and dying them with Vermillion : the poorer fort go almoft niktd, having only a liiiall pieceof cloth faftened round ihcwaiftj and about their heads they wear a pieceof linen, or a cap made of leaves, rciembling the crown of a hat; but they have no ftioes or ftockings. The better fort wear drawers ot breeches, and a piece of cal- No. 36. licoor li k wrappeil about their loins, and thrown over the left fhoulder, and they vve.ir fandals on their feet, when in towns. They arc very proud and revengeful in their difpofitions; and are fo indolent, that they will neither endeavour to improve themfelves in arts and fciences, or in hulbandry, but fuller cheirmanufai.'lures to be neglected, and their lands to lie without cultiva- tion. If foreigners, therefore, were not to fupply their defcifis, they would in all probability fufter themfelves to be reduced to a favage ftatc, and only preferve their exiftcnce, likethe bcalTs ofthc country, with what the earth fpontaneoufty produces. The king has no orher rtanding forces than his guards, but depends on his militia, which, as we hinted above, areas numerous as the people in his kingdom, all who are able to bear arms, are obliged to appear under arms whenever they are fiimmoned. They have fcarce any fortified town-j and caftles, but what are natural ; and the country feetris to be lb inacccllible, th'it the natives boall it has never been conquered by any foreign power ; but this muft be a miftake, for the prefent generation, who are mafers of the north part of the illand and the fca-coalV, arc- not the original inhabitants, but came from Kgypt iini Arabia, and having driven the Pagans up into ^hc mountains, fuccccded them on the fea-coafts. The religion of Mahomet is pro'efted at Achen, and upon all the coafts of Sumatra ; but they are not fuch bi- gotted zealots as they are in fome other Mahometan countries. Their temples or mofqucs are but meanly built, fome of them no better than coaagcs. The chief pricft relides at Achen, and has a great inlluence on all'airs of ftatc. Their marriage contracts are made before their priefts, who are judges in cafes of divorce, as well as in civil caufes. Their priefts -ifo aflift at their celebration of their funeral rites, as in ather M;iiometan ftates. This, as well as the reft of the Indian iftands, was, no doubt, lirft peopled from the neighbouring conti- nent. The Phoenicians, Egyptians, and Arabians after - wards tratliccd with them ; and we find Solomon dc- firing Hiram, kmg of Tyre, to fend him Ikilful mari- ners to pilot his Meet into thefe leas ; and the Ophir mentioned in fcripturc, is fuppofed to be this very illand, from whence he fetched his gold. The Ara- bians and other nations bordering on the red-fea, after- wards planted colonies here, and became fo potent, that they drove the tormer inhabitants up into the mountains, and polielied the coaft. The Portuguefc found the defcendants of thofe nations fixed on the Ihores of the Indian continent as well as the iftands when they arrived there. The Portuguefc enjoyed the Ible tratlic w ith this and the adjacent illands for near 100 years, vi/. from the year 1500 almolV to the year of our Lord 1600, when other nations followed them round the Cape of Ciix)d Hope, and put in fi)r a ihare of the Indian trade. Sv 'ue writers affure us, that this kingdom has been ever governed by queens ; others aliirm that there never was a queen regent here j wc may, however, take the middle way, and allow that it has been fubjcct both to kings and queens : certain it is, a king was upon the throne when wc firft vifited this illand, bccaufe we have his letter which he wrote to queen Elizabeth, and kings have (.if late years filled that throne. The inhabitants of the mountains arc governed by the chiefs of their refpective tribes, who are under a necelftry of maintaining a good correfpondence among themfelves. in order to defend their country againll their powerful neighbours; for as they are pofleli'ed of all the gold the ifland prodi":es, there is no doubt but the Mahometan princes that lie round them, would make an eftbrt to fubdue thofe golden mountains, if their princes were at variance: or if they did not, the Dutch would find a way to their gold, if they ftiould find their chiefs divided : for the Dutch are pofleft'ed of feveral ftrong places and countries in the illand, which would be fupported in fuch an enterprife by ftccts and forces from Batavia and Malacca, that lie but a very iittte diftance from them. 4 F The 298 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. ^ } r \n yli 1 »] i m f| li ■ W 1 li i' ' **i; ¥' P i\ i. ' l\ I ' : . 1 i The coins of the country arc, tirft calh, or pieces ot lead, I 500 of which make one mas, valued at 1 5 pence, which 15 a gold coin. A pollum or copang is a quarter of a mas, 16 mas is one tacl, which is an inrwginary coin, and equivalent to 20 (hillings ftcrling ; dollars and other Spartilh coins alfo are current here. With re- fped to their weights, five tael, make a buncal, 20 buncals one catty, and 100 catty one pccul, being 112 pounds Englifh ; three peculs are a China bahar of 396 pounds China weight; and of Malay weight, at "Achen42 2 pounds 15 ounces, and at Bencoolen, and the reft of the weftcrn coaft, a bahar is 500 pounds grent weight, or 560 pounds Englilh. They make their p:iymcnts ut Achen oftencr in gold pieces than in coin. Several other iflands belong to Sumatra, among which is one called by the inhabitants Pulo Lanchak.iy, and, by the natives of .\chcn, Pulo, Latla, or the ifland of Pepper. This is a large illand, fituatcd in 6 deg. 1 5 min. N. latitude. In the centre of it arc two high mountains feparated from csch other by a very narrow Tallcy ; and at the foot of thcfc mountains is a plain at lead 12 miles in length. Pepper is produced in it; but the ifland is very thinly inhabited. The foil of the plain is well calculated for all kinds of drugs, fruit, rice, and cattle; and, as it has fcvcralgood fprings and rivers, it might produce excellent palhiragc ; but the inhabitants only attend to the cultivation of pep- per, that being the article which turns out molt to their advantage. The other parts of the illand are csvt-red with thick wi.jds, in which arc fomc remarkable Urait arwl lofty trees. The winds are welU-rly from the be ginning of Jul) > '' : ""nd of Odlober, during which time they have .; "' rains; and the climate, as in other parts of tii l' latitude, is very unwhole- fome. The illand at p. . ..nt produces 500,000 pounds weight of pepper annually, which is laid to be prefera- ble to that of any other place in the Indies. The in- habitants are Malayans, but are naturally better dif- pofed than thofo of Achen; their habits arc much the fame in make, but not fo elegant : ihcy are very zealous Mahometans, and in their cufloms and ways of living differ little from the inhabitants of Achen. The illand of Lingen is iituated alwut 60 miles N. E. of Jamby, and about the fame dillance to the S. E. of Johore. It is 50 miles in length, and 10 in breadth : the interior part of it is very mountainous, but that next the lea lies low, and is very fertile. It produces iKppcr and canes, and in fome parts of it are great numbers of i)orcupines. That of Banca is very hrge, being at leall 150 miles in length, and about :o in breadth. The natives, like moft of the Malayans, are treacherous, and very unhofpitablc to fjch ftrangers as unfortunar.clv happen to be iliipwreckcd on the coaft. .\t the mouth of the llraitsof Banca is I.ucipara, a fm.ill illand but fo barren, that it has but lew inhabitants, and only produces a fmall quantity of pepper. There arc fc\eral other fmall illands belonging to Sumatra, mod of wl^ich are either uninhabited, or fo indgnificant as not to merit a particular dcfcription. Java, one of the Suiida iflands, is fituate in the In- ili;iii ocean, between 102 and 1 1\ degrees of call longi- tude, and iKtween f and 8 degrees of foiith latitude, being 70omilcs long, and upwards of 100 broad, having the iliand ot Bornca on the north, the (baits of Hally on thcead, the Indian ocean on the foudi, and thellraits ofSunda (Irom whence it is called one of the Sunda Illands) on the N. W. The air of Java, near the fea, is generally unhcalthful, unlels where the liogs have been drained, and the lands cultivated ; there it is much better, and in the middle of the ifland much more lb. The word wc.ither u|x>n the north coartof Java is during the wellerly monfoon, which begins the tirll week in November, when they have Ibmc raiiv In Ueceniber the rains increafe, and it blows frefli, and in January it blows Hill harder, and the rains continue very heavy till thcmiddleofFebruary,wiicn both the windand' rains become more moderate and dc- trcalV.till thctndofMarch. Their ("airlcafonconinjenccs in April, the winds are then variable, and it islbmitimcs calm, only at the change of the moon there are Hidden gufts of wind from the well. In the beginning of May the eaftern monfoon becomes condant, and in June and July there is a little rain ; but in this monfoon they have generally clear, wholefomc weather, until the end of September. In Odober the eaftcrly wind blows faintly and in November the weHcrly monfoon fets in again; when the wefterly wind and currents are flrongcftlK-rr namely, in December, January and February, there is no failing againft them. The eallcrly winds and cur- rents are more moderate; fhips may fail againll this monfoon, and a (liip may come from the wedward through the draits of Sunda to Batavia almod at any time. There is good anchorage on the Java (Idc, in 20 or 30 fathoms water : near the coad of Java and Borneo, from April to Novcmbc r, they have land and fea brec/es from different points; the wind blows front the land hetw een one and (our in the morning, and con- tinues till noon ; at one or two in the afternoon it blows fredi from the fea for five or (ix hours. A chain of mountains ;-uns through the middle df the ifland ftom E. to W, which are covered with line woods. It is faid thefe mountains produce great quan- titles of gold ; but the natives conceal it from the l'!ii. ropcans. The mod didinguidied of thcfe mountains is called the Blue Mountain. The low lands are llooJcd in the time of the rains. Along the north coad of Java are (inc groves of cocoa-nut tixes, and wherever we fic one of thefe groves, we do not fail to meet with a viU lagc of the natives. The illand was antiently divided into abundance of petty kingdoms and dates, and when admiral Dr.ike vidtcd this ifland in his voyage round the globe, in the year I £79, he relates there were (Ive kingdoms in it. We may now divide it into tw o parts, i . The north coad, which is under the dominion of the Dutch ; and, 2. The fouth coad, fubjcdt to the kings of Palam!xi,u> and Matarara. Bantam was, till lately, the mod con- liderablc kingdom of Java, but this king is now 3 valval to the Dutch. We (hall here give fome account of that city. Bantam, once the metropolis of a great kingdon* (till the Dutch dcdroyed it, and depofed the kinne, which they bring from the neighbouring illands. 'i'hefe peo- ple are chieHv Mahometans. All the inhabitants en- joy lihert) of confcience ; but they are not allowed to "cxercile their dilhrent modes of worfliip. I'riells and niDiiks are permitted to live here, but they are prohi- bited from being publickly I'ccn in tiie refpeclive habits of their prielUy orders. As the women of Java arc remark.ible for their amo- rous dilpolition and conlhmcy to the man they efjM)ufe, and expect that the man Ihould be equally conlhmt, if hiT lover goes alhay, flie makes no fcruplc to prepare a dole for him. .-\n old traveller, who feems much oiianunired with the Javanefe ladies, gives this def- i rijition of tl-.cm: he ohierves that they are much fairer than thi' n n, hare good llatiucs, little fwcUingbrealls, a foft air, fi'ilghtly eyes, a moll agreeable laugh, and a ly.>Mtching mien, elpei ially in dancing: that they ex- prefs the grcatell I'lihmilTion to their hulband, prollra- tiiig themlcKes before him when he enters the houfe. Poivgamv prevails here; the J.ivanefe have feveral wi^es beliiles femaL' llaves, of «honithcy make con- tubines when they fee lit. 'there being a Icarcity of hurope.ui women, iheDuiih are allowed to marry a n.itive, pio\ii!ed thewiil i)rofera Chrillianity, which llic ^.^ feldom a\erfe to, as it gratifies her pride ; a Chrif- fian and th^' wife of aDutthinan taking placeof a native Javaiie'e, .uid being .illoued a great many privileges, which the nati\e.> i .uiiwit enjo;,-; and her hulhand is •blis^ed toconline himfeli'to her bed, and bring no rivals into tlie tamilv. Uice is the ()rini i[ial grain that grows here. They have alio plantations of fugar, tobacco, and cortee : their kit(hen garJjt-ns are well rejilenilhed with cabbages, purllain, kttii.e, parlley, fennel, melons, pompioni, tiouitoei, cucumbers, and radiflies. Here are alio all manner of Indian fruits, fiich as plantains, bananas, (111 lias, anall.l^. mangoes, mangolkens,durions, oranges ofleveral l(Ul^i lillu■^, lemons, the betel and arek nut; gwius of lewral kii.ds, particularly benjamin: in March thc\ plant rice, .u\d liieir harvell is in July. In October thci, ha\e the grcatell plenty of fruit, but they have fome all the jear. They have good timber, cotton, and other tiees pro[>er to the climate, behdes oak, tedar, and fc\eial kiiui.^ of red wood. The cocoa-tree i> \eiy ciJiniiion, which is of iiniverfal uCc, aliording them ineat, drink, oil and vinegar; and of the fibres if the bark they make them cordage; the branches cover their houfes, and they write on the leaves with a lUel Hue, and with the tree, Hiid the great bamboo cane, thev build their houfes, boats and other vclfels. Merc a;e l)utlal(Ks and fome oxen, and a fniall breed of horfes. The few iheep wc lii; 1 lure have iiair, rather tiian wool, and their tlclh is di) . Their hogs, wild and 1 tame, are the bell meat we find tlure, or in any other countries between the tropics j and their venifon is gooii: here are alio tygers and other wild bealVs, cro- codiles, porcupines, lerpcnts, fcorpions, loculls, aiula multitude of infects. Monkics of various kinds a;c found here, alio Hying fijuirrels; nnd a remarkahl*; animal called jackoa ; it is almoll like a lizard, is vctv malicious, and darts its urine at every thing whicii oHends it : the urine is of (iich a quality, that it will canker the llelli, and if the part is not immeiliately cut out, the object on which it falls mult imniediatelv perilh. I'ew accidents, howcveC, happen from this creature, as it always gives notice of its fituation from the lingularity of its voice, fo that the natives, as well as animals, have an opportunity of cfcaping it. 'ric food, falutations, and diverlions of the Indians in thw illand, are the fame as in Borneo and Sumatra, aiiil therefore need not to be repeated here. 'I'he Diitdi travel in coaches, aird on horfeback, and fometinits m pelani]uins, or covered couches, carrieii on nan's Ihoulders, as the Indians do, with a grand re'.inue. Nut any of the nations ofluiropc are fullered to tradetoj.iva, but from China i 4 or 1 5 junku of :o(j or \oo ton, ulict to come every year in November or December, and ri- lurn home in June; which furnillied the Dutch with the merchandize ot China upon ealier terms than they could purchafe it in that country : and this is the rca- fon the Dutch fo feldom vilit that kingdom, »nd pei- mit other nations to trade thither, which they couKI prevent if they pleafed, by ftuitting up the llraits of Sunda and Malacca, which the fquadrons of nua ot war they always keep in India, enable them to ilo. Helidcs the goods imported to Batavia by the Chiiicli', the Dutch themfelves imj)ort the produce of Japan, the Spice Illands, Ferlia, Surat, Bengal, the coalf of Corn- mandel and Malabar, and all the merchandize of hii- rope and Africa. N'everwere fuch magazines of gooh laid up in any i ity, as OiTC to be found in Batavia, ex- cept in .Xmlterdam itfelf { anil as they barter the goojs of one country Ipr another, the Indian trade is Id fir from diminilhing their treafure, that it brings them 111 more gold and lilver than any other tratlic. 'i"hc Dutch governor of Batavia rakes great flate iipti him, and has in reality the power of a li)vereign prince. ,\ troop of horfe-guards precede his coach when he goes out, halberdiers furround the coach, and a (oni|)aiiy of foot-guards march after it, (loathed in yellow fittin, enriched w ith lilver lace and fringe ; and the governors lady has her guards, and is attended in all rolJKvl^, both within and in public, with a dignity equal to th.it of a queen. 'I'lie molK'onliderable othcer next to him is 'he director-general, whole I'ulinefs is to purchalo fill n commodities as are brought to the port, aiui 10 difpofe of fuch as are taken from it. He is fole nullcr of all the maga/inci, and has the fupreme direction of every thing that relates to the commercial iiuercll of the company. Batavia being a place of the greatefl trade in Indi.i, the cuHoms mull be very conliderable; niore efpeciallv as the inhabitants arc in general wealthy, and almoll every article is fubjeCt to a duty. 'Ihe taxes are p.iiii monthly ; and to fave the charge and trouble of gather- ing them, on the d.iy they become iliie a Hag is dil- played on the top of a houfe in the lenter of the town, and all parties are obliged immediatel)- to pay their money to the proper ollicers a])|)ointcd to receive tlio fame. The money current here conlilK of feveral liirts as ducats, whiih are valued at iplhveis; ducatonns, at Xo llivcrs ; imperial rix-dollars, at 60 ; rupees ol Ba- tavia, at ;(o ; fchellings, at fix ; double cheys, at two ftivcrs and an half; and doits, at onc-lointh of a lliicr. Some of thefe C( ins are ol two forts, though ot the fame denoniination, namely, milled and unmilled, the tiiniur of whicii is of mod value; a milled diu atoon is wcith So llivers, but an unmilled one is not worth more th;in 72. All accounts are kept in rix-dollars and llivcis which arc here merelv nominal coins, like ourpoiinii^ Iterling. The Dutch, belidcs their 1 ind fijices, winch uri very ouinerous, have men of war (uliicicnt to ctigige .uu Captain CARTERE 1 's VOYAGE— tor making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. -^oi fleets tlicy arc likely to meet with on the Indian leas : ji,j from their great ftrcngth and importance in this iwrt of the globe, they alfumc the title of " Sovereigns of all the feas, from the Cape of Good Hope calfward, h) Cipc Horn in America." Chcrelwn isfituate about 80 miles caft of Batavia : it is a place of confiderablc extent, and where the Dutch have a fadtory. The country is very fertile, and pro- duces inoft kinds of provilions, particularly rice. The inhabitants arc under the dominion of four j^rcat lords, called fultans, one of whom i» particularly attached to the Dutch, and for that reafon is dirtinguiflicd from the reft by the name of the company's fultan. The reft, indeed, may not be undcferving of the like epithet, as they are in alliance with the Dutch, whofe friend Ihip thev endeavour 10 prcfcrve, and whom they conlider as their fole protestors; for had it not been for them, thcfe petty princes would have been reduced to the fub- icdion of the king of Bantam, who made inroads on their diftriift, but was rcpulfed by the intcrpofition of the Dutch. Since this circuinftance, the fultans have tcftihed their gratitude by graniing many diftinguifticd prjvilcrnjs to their protcv'.'tors in tiicfe dominions. The chietpcrfon belonging to the Dutch fadory here is called the rclidcnt, who correfponds w ith the governor-general of Batavia, Ijutisfolely indcpendant of nny other oifirer. Here is a good fort, where the Dutch have a g:irrifon conliftintT of 80 men) about a mile and a half from which is a large temple containing the tombs of fevcral of the p-inccsof Chcrebon. It is a lofty building of variegated llones,and very elegantly ornamented within. The t^encrality of their priefts relide near this temple, the whole order of whom are treated with the mort dif- timniifhcd rcfpccJt by the inhabitants. We .'.lall now proceed to the dcfcription of Palamboan and Mataram, the latter of which is fubjeifl to the Dutch. Palamboan, the capital of the kingdomof that name, isfituatcinii + dcg. ofE. long.and in7deg. 30 min. S. lat. on l!'e llraits of Bally, through which the Eaft In- dia fliip: fomctimcs pafs.whcn they arc homeward bound from Borneo; fuch (hips touch at the town of Palamboan forfrcfti water and provifions; but the furf often licats with fuch violence on the (horc, that makes it difficult watering there. This kingdom, which is indcpendant of the Dutch, lies at the S. E. end of Java, in a pleal'ant ♦ountry, watered with fcveral rivulets, which fall on each fide of the town into the neighlwuring llraits. The r.ijih, or king of this country, generally rclidcs either at Rilamboan, or at a fort 1 5 tniles from the fca. His do- ininioiis reaches from the eaft end of Java, 80 miles alon? the fouth coaft, and about 60 miles from N. to S. but its extent up the country is not known. This king- dom is faid to produce gold, pepjier and cotton, alio rice, India coi n. roots, and garden ftulf. Their animals arc horfcs, bulValocs, oxen, deer, and goats, and ihoy have great plenty of ducks, geefe, and "thcr forts of poultry. The fovereign and his fubjec'ts arc Pagans, nut there arcfoinc Manometans among tJicm, and a few Chiiufe. Mataram, when in its moft Hourifhing ftate, extended its dominion over the whole iiland, and even now takes up a confiderablc part of k: this kingdom was the laft in the iiland which the Duch reduced under their go- MTiiincnt; having continued its flrugglcs for indopui- dcney till the year 1704, when the Dutch took the ad- vantage of an opportunity that often d in a difputc re- lative to the fucceflion of the crown, between the fon and brother of the deceafed fovereign. Thcfe two ri- vals produced an univcrfal divilion in the natioii'. He \\\v) was intitled to the crown by order of fuccrllion had I'o much the advantage over his ant.igonift, that had it not been for the Dutch, who declared in favour of his rival, he would certainly have poireiHd hiinfelf of the lupreme power. After a feries of contclU, the party cfpufed by the Dutch at length prevailed : the young prince was deprived of his fuccedlon, and his uncle, who w«$ unworthy of the charadter, aflumcd the fovc- icignty. After the death of this prince the company placi-d the legal heir on ihe throne, and dutlatcd fuch laws to hiin as they thought bell calculated toanfwcr their liniller purpofes. They cliole the place where his coiirt was to be fixed, and (ecu red his attachment by erecting a caftle, in which a guard was kept with no other apparent view than to protect the [irince. They employed every artifice to lull liis attention by plea- fures, made him valuable prefents, and llwthed him by pompous embadies. I'Vom this time the prince and his fuccelFors have beconu' mere tools of the com- pany. The necedary protei'>ioii allowed them by the company conlills of 300 horfe and 403 font j but the expences the company are at 0:1 this iccount arc amply repaid by the advantages that accrue to them. The harluMirs aiVord docks for building all the fmall vclTels employed in the fcrvicc ; and they are fupplied from hence with the chief part of the timber that is ufed in their refpcclive fettlements. Befides thcfe ad-- vantages, they are fiinilhcd with various productions of the country at (lipulated price.?, which are lb low as to be extremely prolitable to them. Thij country is in general very fertile, and produces great quantities of rice, asaifo plenty of (iiiif. 'I'herc arc alfo various 1". rts of animals, particiiliriv horfcs, flieep, goats, and remarkable large oven. 'IT.e rivers alwund with (ilh, and the woods prodtK e great plenty of game J but the moil valu.ible articles in ihi, kingdom arc, rice, pepper, cadiang, cotton, yarn, cardamum and indigo; the latterof which is eftecined to be as good in quality as any (bund in this part of the world. The rclidcnce of the king is ufually at Mataram, the capital of the kingdom. His palace is a \eiy haiidfome fpacious building, adjoining to which are many gocxl houfe;) belonging to his nobles, who continually wait on hiin, and the grcatcit homage is [)aid him by his fubjcifts in general ; for though ihefe princes are valVals, yet they are peniiitLed to live in as great (late as when they were inJependaiit moa.irchs j and the orders of the Dutch are always executed in their names. They therefore afTime a dignity not infcriof to that of the mod dcfpotic prince, and when i' 'y go abro.id, a very dillinguilhed mark of loyalty is bell) ed on ihem. Japara is the laft place of importance that remains to be mentioned in this iiland 1 it is fituated at the bottom of an eminence called the Invincible Mountain, on thd top of which is a fort built of wood It is a very con- fiderablc town, and has a good road (ecu red by two fmall illands. The Englilh had once a factory here, but they were driven from it by the Portuguefe, whoac that lime were mailers of rhe place. Tliis country pro* duces almoft every ncccllary of life, ef|)ccially cattle, ho^s, and poultry : they have alfo great plenty of rice, with various forts of the moll delicious fruits; and their waters abound with the bert of lilli. But the molt va* luable commodities here arc pepper, ginger, cinnamon, and indigo. In the woods and mountains arc fevcral kinds of wild beafts, as bulfaloes, (tags, tygcrs, and rhinoceros's : the latter of thcle the natives hunt lor the fake of their horns, which are much admired, bccaufu they will not contain poifon; for they will immediately break to pieces ifanyfuch compolition is put into them. As to the natives of this countr) , they very much re- fetnble thofe of other Indian nations, and have the f.unc kind of cuftoms and ceremonies-. Thcy are fond a( public diverfions, particularly the repufentation of* comedies, which principally conlill in iinging and dancing; and they are (lavws to cock-fighting, tlwt by the large fums they bet, thcy arc frequmtly reduced to the moft abjed dillrefs and poverty. Tluy are chiefly of the Mahometan religion, as is alfo the king, who generally rcfidcs at a place called Katiafura, w here the Dutch have a fort and garrifon. '1 his prince reigns abfolutc among his fubjcdts, who are very faithful to him, and pay him the grcatcft homage, l.ikc molt caftern monarchs, he is condantly attended by w omen, and takes as many wives and Obncubincs as he thinks proper. When his courtiers obtain an audience, they approach him with the profbundeJt humility ; and even his pricfts fo much revere httn, that fonie of them go in 4 C pilgximage 302 VOYAGES ROUND tlie W O R L D C o m p i. k r k. pilgriiiugc to Mecca, to make vows, and pray tor his profpcrity, ami that of his family and government. The idand of Bulla, or Idler Java, is only divided from the lar<;er by the ftraits of Hally, and eartward of this are the illands I,amliock, Combava, Flores, Solor, Timor, and fevei-al more, upon which the Dutch have forts and fcttlcmcnts, and take the liberty of j;overninj; and even tranfpianting the natives whenever they [ileafe, from hence they frequently recruit their tr(K)ps, ami thus make one nation of Indians contribute to keep an- other in fuhjeolion. 'I"imor is ihc largcft of thcfe iflands, being about 200 miles in knj^th, and 50 in breadth, and is divided Into fevcral pett\ Hates, which the Dutch oppofe againll one another, and by that means govern the whole. It has not any navigable rivers or harbours, but there arc fevcral commotlious bays. The I'ortuguefe had for- merly colonics here, whofc dufccndants afe now fo inter- mixed with the original nati\es, that they are fcarce to be diflinguilhed from them, efpecialiy as they profefs the fame rclijj,ii)n. The princip.d kingdoms in this idand are Nunqiiimal, Loitriby, I'obumby, and Am- abv J each of which hau an independant and abfolutc fovereign : thcfe have fevcral Rajahs, and other diflin- guillicd olliccrs under ihcm ; all o<' whom, with their fulijects in general, pay them the greaieft homage. I'jch kingdom has a language peculiar to itfelf, but the inanners and cuftoms of the inhabitants dilVer but little. There are fume I'agans and Mahometans ftill remainin;:, anil the Chinefe come hither to trade once a year; the inhabitants are fo very fwarthy, that they are fometimes taken for blacks, and thofe that arc not under the government of the I'ortuguefe or Dutch are reprefented as favagcs ; they weir no clothing but a little piece of cloth aliout their loins, and the better fort wear a kind of coronet .about their temples, adorned with thin plates of gold or filverj the reft have caps made with palmetto leaves. Their arms are fwonis, tlarts, and lances or fjiears, and with thefe they ru 1 down and kill their game. Their animals arc the fame ns in the illaiid of Java, as well as their foreft and fruit trees. The Dutch do not fcem to make any great pro- fit of thefe illands j the [irincipal delign of their build- ing forts here*, is to defend the avenues to the fpice illands, which lie in their neighbourhood. On this laft meiitioneti ifland there is a Portuguefe fetilement, called l.aphao: it is lituated by the fea-llde, ah)ut three leagues to the call of the Dutch fort, called Concordia. It is a very fmall place, containing only a few mean houfcs, ami a church made of boards, covered with palmetto leaves. There is a kind of platform here, on whiih are lix iron guns; but the whole arc fo much dciaycd, as to be renilercd almoft ufclefs. The pe(f it, mull necelljrily command ; iiioll of the lliips that are bound to them, or to Banila, touch here, and always go between this illaml and that of So. layer. The latitude ol' Bonthain hill is 5 deg. jo iiiiii. S. longitude 1 17 deg. 5j mm. I'.. On .Sunday the 22nd of May, at day break, v>c failed from B,)nthain Bay, keeping along Ihore till the evening, when we anchoreil in the palfagc between tlie two illands of Celebes and Toiukaky; the latter of which, according to our account, lies in latiniiie 5 di'jr, 31 min. S. longitude 1 17 deg. 17 min. I'.. On th : jd, we weighed, fleered to the fouthward ol Tonikaky, aiiil flood to the vvertvvarii. At three o'clock P. Nl. we were abreafl of the eaflcrmofl of three illaiuls, called by the Dutch Tonyn's illands. Thefe make a rii;ht angle triangle with each other; the diflance between the eaflermolland weltcrmoll is eleven miles, and their relative bearings are nearly eafl and well. At lix o'clock, after we had founded and got no ground, we fu.ldeiily found ourfches upon a llioal, having not three lathoiis water, which, being fniooth and dear, afibrded us the fight of g.'cat crags of coral rocks under our bottom. We immediately threw all our fails aback, and pnivi- dentially got olf without damage. This is a very dan- gerous llioal, and feemed to extend itfelf to the lidith- vvard and wcflwaid, all round the tv»o wcllcrmoll ot thefe three illands, lor near fix miles, but about the eaflermofl illand tliere feemed to be no danger; wc obferved alio a clear paflage between this ifland and the other twt). The latitude of the eaflermall and welter-, mollof thcfe illands is 5 deg. ji min. S. Thceailei- IllUlt f^l .an mi' the wc WCI foil tot o'll ill tilll lllU win Caftain Carteret's VOVAGK — for making DKcoverifs in tlic Sot i iikkn Oukan.iVc. 305 n,oft is diltant 34 inilci due \V. from Tonikaky, and the wcllcrmoll lies ten miles farther. On the 25th V. M. wc found the water much difcolourcd ; foon after \vc went over the northcrmoft part of a llioai Here wc found the water very foul when to the (ijuthward, but to the northward of lis it appeared to be clear. At 1 1 o'clock we faw to the northward of us, the foiithcrmoft iflands of Salombo, in latitude 5 deg. ;j < min. S. at the ilihance of eighty-two leagues weft of Tonikaky. Wc niuil here remark, that otf the ifland of Madura, the winds of the monfoons are commonly a month later in fettling than at Celebes. On Thurfday the 26th P. M. we faw from the malt head the ifland of Luback, which is in latitude 5 deg. 43 m'"- S. and in longitude 5 deg. i6 min. W. of Tonikaky, and diftant from thence 1 1 1 leagues. To the northward of this ifland we found a current fetting W. N. W. On the 29th we faw the duller of fmall iilands, called Carimon Java, dirtant from Luback 45 leagues. The eaftermoft ifland is the largeft, and is in latitude 5 deg. 48 min. S. longitude 7 deg. 52 min. W. of Tonikaky, from which it is dif- tant about I5« leagues. Thurfday, the 2nd of June, we made that part of the illand of Java whi'e a deed to be perpetrated under their government. Alur this al- tercation Mr. (iarrifon read a ccrtilkate, which, he faid, had been drawn up, hv oiiler 1 r the council, for captain Carteret to fign. This the captain relufed to do, liecaufe it appeared to be made a comlition of com- plying with his rei|Ue(l ii IpiCting t!u- lliip. During this converfation, the captain dilircil to Ice by what authority the Shcbander iiuiilc his requilition: he re- plie , he had no tcflimony ol authority, but that of the notoriety of his beng a public ollicer, and the eviJence of the gentlemen who Were piiTnit, «ho nould confirm his dccl.iration, that he aclcd in this |).irticular by the cxprefs order of councili The captain now repeated his requell of having the requilition of the ( ouiicil ill writing; the Sheliander faid, he could not do this without an order from his fuperiors ; the captain upon this abfolutdy refiifed to fign the paper, and they parted not in very good humour with each other. On Wednefday, the 15th, the fame three gentlemen paid captain Carteret a third vilic, informing him, that the council had protcded againfl his behaviour at Ma- calfar, and his rcluling to iign the certificate, as an inliilt upon them, and an act of injullice to their nation. The captain faid, he was not coiifciou-s of having, in any inflance, adcd contrary to the treaties fublil^ing between the two kingdoms, unworihy of his character as an officer, honoured with a comminion from hi3 Britannic Majefly, or unliiitahle to the truft repofcd in him; nor did he think he had been uled by the go- vernor of MacafTar as ihc lubjcet ol' a (riend and ally 1 he then requcfled, that if they had any thing to alledge againfl him, it might be reduced to « riting, and laid before the king his mafter, to whom alone he thought hrmfelf to be refponfible. With this ;mfwer they de- parted ; and, the next day, the captain wrote a fecond letter to the governor and council, in which he repre- fented. that the leaks of the Swallow were every day increaliiig, and urged, in more prelling terms, his rc- quelV, that (he might bf repaired. In confeqiicnce of this application, on Saturday the i Sth the Shehander informed us, that the council had given orders tor the repair of the flii[) at Onrufl, and, a> there was no (lore- hoii("e empty, they had appointed one of the company's veflels to receive our (^ores. The i aptain inqiiirud of the Shcbander whether he hail not an anfwer to his letter ; he faid he h.id not ; nor was this the uliial mode with the council, a luedage by him, or Ibme other of- ficer, being always thought fullicunt. .All liifputes be- ing now terminated, without any improper compliances on the part of this intrepid commander, he was, after this, fupplied for his money with every thing he could delirc from the company's (lores, and a pilot was or- dered to attend us to Onrull, where wc came to an- chor on Wednefday the 22nd. We immediately began to clear the fliip, and put her flores on board the com- pany's velfel. On examination we tinind the poor weather-beaten Swallow in a very decaied flate. Her bowfprit and cap, as well as her main yard, were rot- ten, and altogether unferviceable, her llieathing was every where eaten off by the worms, and the main planks were fo much damaged, that it was abfolutely neceflary to heave her down, bel()re flie could be fufli- ciently repaired ; but the wharfs being at this time pre- engaged by other fliips, her repairs did not commence till the 24th of July. Wlien the Dutch carpenters, came to examine her bottom, they were all of one o- pinion, that the whole (hould be iliiJted. This the captain ftrenuoufly oppofed, being atiaid, as the Swal- low was an old fliip, that lliould her bottom be opened, and found woife than was imagined, flie might under- go the (ate of the Falmouth, and be condemned : he therefore defired, that a good flieathin,; only might be put over all ; but the Bawie, or maflcr carpenter, would not undertake the required repairs, unlefs the captain would certify under Ins hand, that w hat (hould be done was in conftqucnce of hi» own cxprefs orders, judge- ment. ^1 ;■^.feJ 304 VOYAGES ROUND ilio W O K. L D C o m r i. k i i. . niciu, and ilircction ; which the Diirchman thought was neceirary for his awn juftification j for, faid nc, Ihoulit the Swallow never reach Enplartil, the blame, il I go according to your diredioni, will nevertheicfn con- fcmicntly f.ill ii[)on me. This being thought a rca on- able proiwlition, th( Captain readily afllntcd to it j but being by this act become rcfiwnliblc for the fate of the lliip, he thought proper to have her furveyed carefully by our own carjxntcr and mate, he himfelf with his officer* always attending. Among other dcfedts, fcven c', ' i-platcs were ulclcis ; the iron work was in a very decayed rtatf; fevcral of the knees were loofe, others wea" broken, anil the butt-ends of the planks that joined the lUrn were fo ojicn, that a man's hand might be thrull in Iwtwcen. Dunne our Hay at this jwrt, we found, among other private liiips from India, the Dudley, from Bengal j and application having been made to the council, leave had been granted to careen her, but as the wharfs had been kept \n continual ufe, (he had been put off above four niofiths. The Captain apprehending, that if he fiirt'cred a delay much longer, the wonns woulJ cat through the bottom of his velTcl, applied to our Com niandcr to intercede for him with Admiral Mouting, which he did withfuch fucccfs, that a wharf was im- mediately allotted her. " Admiral Houting," fays Cap- tain Carteret, " is an old man, in the fervice of the ftatcs, with the rank of Cknnmander in chief of their marine, and the Ihips belonging to the Company in India. He receiveu his firft maritime knowledge on hnaid an Kngliih man of war, fpcaks Knglifli and French extremely well, and doe: honour to the fervice both by his abilities and politenels ; he was fo obliging as to give me a general invitation to his table, in con- fequcntc of which I was often with him, and it is with fjleafure that 1 take this opportunity of making a pub- ic acknowledgement of tne favours 1 received froni him, and bcaruig this teftimony to his public and pri- vate merit : he was, indeed, the only officer from whom I received any civility, or with whom I had the Icaft communication ; for I found them, in general, a re- fcrved and fujHrrcilious fet of people." The fpirited behaviour of Captain Carteret to the governor at this Dutch fettleyient, in rcfufing to pay him an extrava- gant homage, which iscxadcd ot the Captains of all merchant (liips which touch here, dcfcrves alfo par- titular notice. 1 governor of Batavia, although a fervan: of the republic, allumes the (late of a fovereign prince. When he goes abroad, he is cfcortcd by a party of horfe-guards, and two black footmen run be- fore his coach, each having a large cane in his hand, w ith which they take the liberty of chaftifing thofc whido not make the obeifancc that is cxpeifled from perfons of all ranks, whether belonging to the country or rtrangers. In this fcttlemcnt almoll every one keeps a carriage, w hich is draw n by two horfes, and driven by a man upon a lx)x, like our chariots, but is open in front. When any one of thcfc coaches meets that of the gover- nor's, either in the town, or upon the road, it is drawn fin one fide, and the perfons in it muft get out to pay their refpccts, while his excellency's coach goes by ; nor, if a coa( h is behind, muft it drive pall that of the go- vernor's, however prefling neceflity may require fpccd. A fimilar homage is likcwife required by the members of the council, called Edeic Hceren, only that the per- fon docs not quit his carriage, but (landing up in it, pays them a rcfpectful homage. One black man, with a Hick in his hand, nms likewifc before the coach of <\ery member of the council, nor muft any one pre- fume to pafs it any more than that of the governor's. It was hinted to Captain Carteret by the lanalord of the hotel where he lodged, thai his carriage muft flop, if he fhould meet the governor, or any one of the Edcle Hecren ; this ceremony being generally complied with by the captains of Indiamcn, and other trading (liips ; and he intimated, that the Shcbandcr had ordered him to give the Captain this information: but our Com- nundcr difdaining to pay a degree of fcrvile homage to the fcrvants of the State; of tlolUnd, which i^ not paid I il to the kuigof (ireat Urit.un, would notconrenttopcilmin any fircli ceremony j and when the landlord mfiuii)nci| the black men with their llieing ill, and the people v* ickly 1 and efpecially as the weft monfoon was fctt during which the nior- tality is yet greater at Bs an at other times, we thought it better to run mc n(k of a few hard gales olf the cape, than to remain longer in this unhealthy place. We therefore, oti Wednefday the 1 5 th of ScptcuiIxT, failed from Oiiruft, without returning, as isulual, into Batavia Road, and the Captain, on account of his illiuij, fent his lieutenant, Mr. Gower, to take leave of the governor, and to offer him his fervice, if he had any difpatches for Europe. When we left this p nt 24 of our feamci), which were brou(;ht fioin Europe, had died, and the fame number were now very ill, feven of whom died on our paflagc to tl-.e cape j but we were lii happy as to procure a nun.ber of Englifli feamen at Batavia before our departure, which recruited the ftrength that had been wafted in the voyage, and with- out tnefc recruits, in the Captain's opinion, wo (lionlj not at laft have been able to bring the ftiip home. On Monday the 20th, we anchored on the S. E. (ide of Prince's I Hand, in the llrait of Sunda, at which time wc had the wind fredi from the S. E. We have jull given a defcriptive, hiftorical, and geographical account, of the iftands of Sunda, and Java, and in a former voy- age o. the Philippine Ifles, to render which full and complete, we Inall here dcfcribc feme other noted iflands and places in the Indian fens, to which, at lead, references are made in the inftmiitivc and entertaining voyages which coinpofe this work. (i.) The Nicobarl (lands, which are fituatcd in the Indian fea, between 7 and 10 degrees of north latitude, and between 92 and 94 degrees euft longitude, near tiie entrance of the bay of Bengal, alittle nortlisfthe ifland of Sumatra. Thcfc iflcs form three clutters ; the mid- dle, called Sombrero, arc well inhabited, except one; the northern clufter, called Carnicubars, are not fo po- pulous. The fouthcrn clufter of the Nicobars, arc vciy mountainous, and the people much more favage than thofe of the middle and northern clufters. The pricfts •f Captain CARTERF.T's VOYAGE — for making? I^ifcovcrics in the Soutiifiin Ocfan, ice. ^t? (il Sniiiliiiti), ;irc ilrcllcd imu li ill the latin- nianiuT as HI' paint tliakvil, by «hi' h apiHaraiKr they keep the inh.iliicuits in awe. The lari^el} oftheie illaiuls, which |i(siii 111 rttiirn. (;.) The Andoinnn. and Cocoa Ijlanct^*een 10 and 1 5 ilei'rees of iuMth latitiKie, lii;v_',itutle i^i de^'.rees call. I liife lllands do iiotlcini to dilVer iiiuih troin thole of Nicobar, except in pio- iliicin^ rice, which is cultivated and t-.ucn by the natives as well as (ilh and fruit. The Cioioa Ili.in.ls lie <■ leagues W. .S. VV. of Cape Nej;raisj they pi luce great abundance of co< :oa-trees. but are iininh.iliii^ d. (),) The famous iflamlol Wyloii; which lies between 5 (it|^. )0 min. and lod-g. t»)miii. N. latitude; and ht-t»cen79 (leg. 40 nun. M\d Si deg. 45 mm. I',, loii- Bitudc ; at the diftance of about lyo nules from Cajjc Conionn. Pfieiny defcribed this illaiid under tlie name of Taprobaiie. It is -.yjo miles in (ircumlerence, (00 in length, and 14a in breadth. It is for the moll piirt a mountainous country, coveied with wood; but there are federal fruitful plains aivl v;dle\s,well watered by lets. A verv lemarkable mountain, which Hands onttie f'juth-fide of Coiulula, the name of the northern divifiun, is, by the natives, called I lamalel; but by the Kuropcaiis, Adam's I'eak, being of a pyramidal form, only on the top is a little rockv plain, with a print of a nun's ffKiton it, near two feet long, to which the iiativt-s go in pilgrimage once a year, to worlhip the impref. lion, having a tradition, according to fome, that their frml Buddow afccndtd to heaven from hence, leaving this print of his fcxit, which the Portuguefe, when they pofTeircd this idand, railed Adam's loot, and the moun- tain Pico de Adiin ; but others atlirin, that it received its name from a tradition of the natives, that .'Xilain was created and buried here. In this mountain rife the principal rivers, which run into the fea in different directions. The largcft of thele is the Mavillagonga, which runs N. E. of the cities of Candy and .-Matneur, difcharging itfclf into the ocean at TVincoiualc. Thcfe rivers run with fuch rapidity, and arc fo full of rocks, that none ofihem are navigable: the rains, which hap- pen when the funis vertical, increafe their waters, and create abundance of torrents, which arc not vilible in the dry fcafon. The air is for the luoft part healthful, except near the fea, and the north part of the illand, where they have no fprin^^s, or rivers j and if the rain fails them, they are lure to be afBided ..iih fannine or ficknefs. The chief towns are, i. Candy, the capital ofthcifland, and (ituatc near the center of it, in lati- tude 8 deg. N. and 79 deg. E. longitude. This is an open town with fortifications, and yet ahuort inaccclFi- No. 37, ble, b^ ing liirroundcd by roi ks and thitkwoodi that are impillable, except through foiue lanes, which arc fenced with gates of llrong thorns ; and yet it .nnpears that the I'ortugiiefe made thcmfelves malter.s of Candy, anil almoll demolilhed it, obliging the king to retire to l>iglig)nciir, live milc» .S. K. of Candy, j. Colunilx), the cajiital of the Dutch I'ettlements, is a great port tow n in the .S. W, part of the illand, in 7 deg. N. la- titude, and ill 78 deg. h'.. Innj'itudc. It has a good harbour, defended by a caflle, and feveral batteries of guns. In thi* '■■.>(\\c rcfides the governor, meicliantj, ollicers and liildiers, belonging to the Ivall India Com- pany ; and 400J Haves have their huts bet>erty in it. Their Pagoc'as or Temples, which are of any antiquity, arc built of hcwil ftonc, with numbers of iiiuiges both on the infide and out, but no windows in them, and in all other refpedls like thole on the neighbouring continent of India j but their temples of a modern date are little lo'v buildings with clay walls, almoll in the form of a do;'c-houfc ; ami belides their public temples, they have fmali chapels in their yards, fometimes not more than twa feet fc|uare, which they fet upon a pillar four feet high, and having placed in it the image they reverence moll, they light candles and lamps before it, and every morning Itrew flowers while performing their devo- tions. The natives are efteemcd men of good parts and addrefs, grave, yet of an cafy temper. They eat and Ueep moderately, but are la-y and indolent, which is + H the »,?; rti I 'o6 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. (I - - i • ]'<:.. v,i; the cafe in moft hot climates. It is faid, that they arc not pivcn to thieving, but arc much addicted to lyint?, which fccnistohe a paradox; for a man who will l>e and deceive, would not make much fcruplc to cheat. They arc far from being jcalou:,, oi rcftraining ol their women from taking innocent freedoms. The men are of a moderate ftaturc, and well proportioned, wear long beards, and have good features ; their hair and eyes are black ; thcv have dark complexions, but not black as the natives upon the neighbouring continent of India are. 'I'hcy lit on mats and caT 'S on the Hoor, but have a ftool or two for perfons diflinolion ; but the vulgar arc prohibited the ufc of ftools. Young men of figure w ear iheir hair long and combed back ; but, in a more advanced age, caps in the f<>-m of a mitre are vorn. Their drels is a w.iilUoat ol callico, and a piece of the fame wrapped round their wailh, in which they put their knives and trinkets, and they have a hanger by their fide, in a (ilver fcabbard: befides which they walk « ith a cniu- or tuck, and a boy carries a box with brrel a id aieca after them. The betel is a leaf ot the niape of a laurel leaf, and the arcca-niit about the big- nefs ot a nutmeg, which they cut in thin iliccs, with aninnruiiunt made on purpofe for it, and this, with a nafle made of hmc, thcv chew together almoll all day lon'r, tts moll other Indians do: this mixture feems to he a kind of opiate, and renders them perfccUy eafy while thcv ufc it. They have a perfon to cany a co- veied lilv'cr pot, or one made of fome other metal, to fpit in : for this compoliiion has a naufeous fmell, and it would be the greatcrt aflVont imaginable to Ipit on the .arpets or lloois in a friend's houle, and thole that chew it fpit perpetually. It makes their lips very red, of which the) are proud, and this may be one reafon for their taking it; but there is nothing in\iting in the tartc of this luxurious daintv, though univerfally chewed, and is the firll thing otVered a llranger when he makes a vifit. The women wear their hair long without any covering, and make it Ihine with cocoa- nut oil. which has a very rancid fmell, though the na- tives cfteem it a perfume, for cultom will bring people to like :ilmo(\ anv thing. The w^men are drelfed in a calUci) wailkoat, which difcovers their (liapc. and they wr.ap a piece of callico about them, which falls below their knees, Und does the fervicc of a petticoat: thefe are longer, or (horter. according to the quality of the perfon w^o wears them. They bore holes in theircars, in which thcv hang fuch a weight of jewels, or fomc- thing that refemblcs them, that you may put a halt crown through the hole of theircars: they laid their necks alfo with weighty necklaces, which tall upon their breafts, containing a great many things or rounds of beads: their arms are adorned with bracelets ; and rhey have a number of rings on their fingers and toes ; and a girdle of tilver wire furrounds their wailh. When they go abroad, thcv throw a piece of tlriped iilk over their heads, which fometimcs refemblcs a hood. The people are obliged to go bare-footed, becaufe none but the king is allowed to wear (hoes and Hockings. The iifual falutaiion air.ong thefe people, i: th;it which grows falhft is the bell tailed, but yields the Icaft increafc; and us all forts of rice grow in «atcr, the inhabitants arc at great labour and cxpencc in levelling the ground the/ dclignfor tillage, and making channels from their wells and repofitorics of water, to convey to thefe fulds: they cut out the fides of their hills from the top to 'he bottom, into little level plains, one above anothe , that the water may Hand in them till the corn is ripe; and thefe levels not being more than lix or eight feet wide, many of them look like (lairs to afcend the mount.iiii, at a little dillancc. In the north part of the ilUnJ, where there are lew fjirings, they favc the rain water in great ponds, or tatiqucs, of a mile in conipal'i, in the lime of the monfiions, and when their feeds arc fown, let it down into them '^•■.idually, fo that it may hold out till harvell. They do not thrafli, but tread out their corn with oxen and buffaloes, f'reqiientlv in the field where it grows. When it is reaped, tlicy lay out a round fjiot ot'ground for this purpofe, about 25 feet over, which they dig a foot and a half deep, and the women, w hofe butinels it is, bring the corn in bun- dles on their heads, after which the cattle are driven round the pit till they h:ive trampled it out ol the draw : then a new floor is laid ; and with half ado/cn oxen they will trample out 40 or 50 bulhels a day. Before they begin to tread out the corn, thcv alwavs perform a religious ceremony, and apply to their idols ti;)r a blelling on their labours. They ha\c fcveral other kinds of grain, which they cat at the latter end of the y(.r, wSen rice begins to he fcarte, particularly cuacan, which is as fmall as a nuilUid feed. Having beat this, ami ground it into Hour, they make cakes of it. 'I'his grain grows in dry ground, and is ripe w ithin three or finir months alter it is fown. They have alfo a feed, called tolla, of which they make oil, and anoint themfelves with it. In this illand arc a great variety of fruits, but tha natives feldom cat them ripe, or cultivate any but thofe which fervcto makepickles for their foup or ciirrrc, and for fauces, when they are green, to eat with their rice. Of the betel they have great abundance, which they formerly exported to the coaft of Coromandel, to great advantage, before the Dutch excluded them from all trailc with foreigners. The fruit called jacka, is part of their ('(mkI. They grow upon large trees, are round in their fliapc, and as big as a peck loaf. They are covered with a green prickly rind; have feeds aiui kernels in them as big as a chcthut ; and arc in colour and talle like them. They gather thefe jackas befiirc they arc ripe ; and. when boiled, they cat much like cabbag; ; if fullered to grow till ripe, they are very good to cat raw. The natives roaft the kernel in thir embers, and carry with them wh(;n they take a journey, for their provilion. There is aaothcr kind of fruit called jumbo, which is very juicy,, and ta^^tes like an apple: it is white, (Ircaked with red, and looks very beautiful. They have alfo fome fruits that refcmble our plumbs and cherries ; nor do ihcy want any of the common Indian fruits, fuch as mangoes, cocoas, pine- apples, melons, pomegranates, orange, of fevcral forts, citrons, limes, &c. They frequently dedicate their fruit to fome dxmon. to prevent their being tlolcn; after which their neighlxjurs dare not touch thciii, lell the ditmon, to which thcv are devoted, fliould punilh them l()r the theft ; and before the owner eats of it hiiulelf, he offers part of it to the idol. J'hcir kitchen gardens arc well llored with roots, plants, and herbs, for the Portugucfe and Dutch have iutroduccd Captain CARTERET's VOYAGE — for making Dilcoveries in the Sonrnr.KN Ocean, iV. all manner of European plants that grow in our i;, partridges, fnipes, wiiil ]3cacocks, parro- quets, and a beautiful fparrow as white as liiow, all. but its ho.id, which is black, with a plume of frathets ftanding upright upon it. The tail of thefe birds is a foot in leii^'th. In this ilJand the inhabitmts makefavoury foups of flerti or fi(h, which they eat with their rice : people of condition will hav^ fever.il diflies at :l..ir tables, but they confilt chiefly of rice, l()U(is, herbs, garden-roots, and vegetables. Of flefli and iilli they cut but little. Their meat is cut into (mail rc]ii.nre pieces, and tv\o or threeouncesof it laid on the tide of the dilh by their rice, and, being feafoned very high, gives a relifli to that inlipid tiwd. They ufe no knives cr forks, but have ladles and fpoons made of the cocoa-nut fliellj TNeir plates arc of brafs or china-ware; but the poot' 1 ivc a broad leaf inlfcad of a plate, and fonietime.s feveral leaves fewed together with bents, where broad ones arc not to be had. Water is their ufiial drink, which they jiour out of a cruce or bottle, holding it more than a foot above their heads; and fomc of them will fwallow near a quart of water in this m.mner with- out gulping once. Neither uiiie nor beer i^ made in this countr)', but arrack and fpirits are drawn liom rice. They never eat beef the bj'il and cow beiii;', ohiecis of adoration. Neither the people in a high 01 low flat ion eat wiTh th.eir wives : the m;\n firs hy him- Telf, and the women and children eat after he has dined. In this woody and moimtainous country arc m •' her! carriages, unlefs what belong to the Dutch ne.ir the feacoaft. The bag;Mge is curried i.l'ually upon the backs of their flaves. The chief manufactures here arecallico and cotton •loth''.: th^y make alfo brals, cop- per, and <':irthcn vellels, Iwords. knives, and working tools : they alfo now make pretty good f!K'-arnis ; and goldfinitli's work, painting, and c.irving, are penormcd tolerably well. \\'e may trace their toreign trade up to the earliefl ages. They rui)plied I'crlia, Arabia, b'.gvpt, and luhiopui, with their fpiccs, beli)re Jacob went down into 1-gypt, which is above 30GO years fince, as appears by the hiOory of Jofeph's being lold to Illini.ielite .neivliants, whf) were tia-.elliiiij uirli a caravan acrofs Arabia to I'gypt with the fpices of India, of which the cinnamon of Ceylon, that lies near tiiecoall of hither India, was no doubt the chief; and li) prolitablc was this branch of trade, that all the nations above mentioned fentcolonies hither, whole defcendants were pl.\ntcd here when the Portuguefe lirlt: vifitcd this coall. I leie the Portuguefe language is fpoken ; however, the natives have a language of their own, which comes nearell to that fpoken on the Malabar coall : the Bra- minsor priefls ("peak a liead language, in which the books relating to their religion a.e written. They write upon the leaves of the talipot cut into pieces of three lingers broad, and two foot long, with ? IccI ftyle or bodkin. They have long ftudied affroni.my, which they learnt from the Arabians, and (bretell eclipfes tolerably well: they are great pretenders alio to allro- logy, and by tl-.e planets calculate nativities, anddiredt people when will be the moft lucky days to enter upon any aflair of iTioment, or to begin a journey ;. and tluy (ind thofe who are weak enough to be iinpofed upon, though they may have been many times difappointed, rheirycar is divided into 365 days, and every day into 30 pays or parts, and their night into as many ; and they have a little copper dilh, with a hole in the bottom of it, which being put into a tub of water, is filled during one of their pays, when it finks, and then it i* l<>Ji-^^l.i' i iff .^v i,.iJm :o8 VOYACJES ROUNi:) the WORLD C o m p c k t e. is put into the water agim to iiKalurc another pay ; tor they hive neither fiin-ihals nor clocks. In Cevlon, the criminals are frequently impaled alive ; others have ihikes driven through their bodies ; fomi' are hung upon trees-, and many are worried liy dogs, who are lo accullomed to the horrid butchery, that, on ihe days ap[)ointed tor the ileath of criminals, thcv, by certain tokens, run to the place of execution. But the moll rem.iik.ible punilhment is inllicled by the kint; hniirtif, who riiles an elephant trained up on pur- pofe. The beaft tramples the unhappy wretch to death, and tears hmi hmb from limb. Some are pu- nillicii bv tiiKs and imprii'onment, at the difcretiiiu ot the judges. When the tine is decreed, the olliters fer/.e the culprit, wherever they meet him, drip him naked, his tioaths going as part of payment, and oblij^e him to carrv a large Ibme, the weight being increaleil dailv, by the addition of others that are fmaller, till the remainder of the mulct is either paid or rcmitted,^.^\iiv of the male cinglollcs may indillercntly charge anottier within hearing (as ucilothe conHables) to a.d and allill them in the exdution of their duty, or upon any emergency; but the v.omen are not permitted to men- tion the king's name, upon the fevere penalty of having thiir tongiUN cut oiit tor the oH'ence. A creditor loiiutimes «ill go lo the houfe of the debtor, and very "lavely allinii, that il he does not difcharge the debt he o«es him immedi.ucK , he will deltroy himlell : this fo terrifies the otiu r, that he inllantly collects all the nioncv he can, even lelling his wife and children rather than be deficient in his payment nf the fum demaniied. This is owing to a law, which ipecilies, that, if any nuniiertro\s himfcif on account o," a debt not being difehaigvd, the debtor ihall immedia'ely pay the money to the lurviving relations, and forfeit his own lite, un- Icfs he is able to redeem it by a large tine to the king. 'I'hev have two modes of deciding controverties ; the one is by imprecating curfcs to fall upon them if they do not fjieak the truth; and In the other, both pertons are obliged to put their fingers into boiling oil, when the perlon who can bear the pain the longed, and with the lead ap|Harance of being alfectcd, is deemed in- nocent. 'I'liey have, however, methods of evading bf)ththefe laws; the fird, by uling ;mibiguous expref (ion.sj and ctie latter, by certain preparations, which prevent the oil from doing them any in|ury. It is not l.iwtul to belt a woman without permitfion from the king; fo that the females may thank his majedy for all the blows thev get. But they may be mavleto(arry heavy batkels of land upon their heads as long a-, the man pie ills, which is much more dreadliil to them than a heartv (.trubbing. 'i'he circiimtlanccs of the children depend upon thofc of the mother ; for if the mother is ;i free woman, thcyare free, but 'f the isaflave, they are always valTals. They have neither phyficiaiis nor ftirgcons among them; yet, as to phytic, every one aliuolt undcrflands the common remedies, applying herbs or roots, ac- cording to the nature of the complaint; and they have an herb which cures the bite of a Ihake. As they abound in poifonoiis herbs ami plants, fo they have others that are antidotes agamit them. Their difeafes are chiefly fevers, Huxcs, and the fmall-pox. They arc never let bloixl, except by the leaches, already mention- ed, from which they acknowledge they have fomc'imcs received great benefit. With regard to thtt religion of thefe peopli , the/ woriliip (ji^d, but make no image of him; h.jwcvcr, they have idols, the reprefentatives of fomegr.at men, who tiirmerly lived upon the eir^tn, and are n )w, they imagine, mediators for them to the fuprctjji God of heaven. 'I'he chiet of liiole demi-gods is Baddow, who according to their tradition originally c; me from heaven to procure the happinel's of men, and afccnded thither again iroin Adam's Mountain, Icavirg the im- prcllion of his foot upon the rock. They are faid, likewile, to worlhip the devil, that he flioulil do them no milchicf; and another of their objedU of Aorfliip is the tooth of a monkey. They worlliip alio the I'uu, moon, and other planets. Every town has its tutdar divmon, and every family their pcnate.s, or houlliulj gods, to whom they build chapels in their courts, pav. ing their devotions, and facrihcing to them every niod,* iiig ; but to thp fupreme deity they creit no teiiiplcsoj altars. There arc three dalles ol idols, and as maiiu orders of prielh, who have their feveral temples, to which ertates in land are appropriated. HudJow is thcchief of thefe fubordinaie deities, and his prJcHs in the greated eltcein, being all of the highcll i all or tribe in the nation. 'Ihey wear a yellow vdl and mantle, have their heads ihaved, and their beards .'row to a great length. Their difciples fall down on ?hcir taces betbre them ; and they have a l>ool to lit uii wherever they vitit, which is an honour only fhcwii to their princes and great men. Thefe prielts have no commerce with women, drink no llrong liijuor, ;ind e.it only one meal a day ; but they are not dch'irrtd liom tlelh. except beef. 'I'hey are lliled fons of the god Budvlow, and cannot be called to account by the civil power, whatever crimes they commit. 'I'hcre is a fecond > ider of prieds, that olTieiatc in the tenipks of other idols; thefe are allowed to foUow any fecular em- ployment, and are not diftinguilhed from the laiiy by their liabits, but have, however, a certain revenue. Every morning and evening they attend the fervice of their temples; ami when the people facrilice rne and tiuiis, the pried prefents them before the idol, and then delivers them to the tinging men and woiulii, ;i;iJ other fervanis that belong to the temple, and fo' the poor devotees, who eat the provitions: no llclii is ever facriliced to the idols of this claf;. The itiinl ()rder of pricds have no revcnurs, but build tcinplc* for themfelves, without any election or eonfe' latiim, and iieg m.mey to nuimt.il,- themfelves. 'DkW niau dicantsare mountebanks in their way, Ihewing a v.iritty of whimtical tricks for their bread. Thev are prohi- bited by law, from touching the waters in wells or fprings, nor mud they ufe any but wh.i; is pro, urcj t'rom rivers and ditches. They are conlidered in fo delpicable a light, that it is helddifgijcefiil tohave.iny conneciions with them. Wednefdays and .^atur l,i\ s arc the days they refort to their temples; and at the new and full moon they olfer facriliccs to the god Ikd- dow ; and on new year's-day, in the nionth ot' .M.ir^b, they oll'cr a tokiiin ficrifice to him, on a high iiioiin- t.un, or under a I'pic.iding tree tluit is dremed f.icrcd. The priiK ipal felhval of the Cluiigiikiya is obfeived ia the month of July, in honour of the moon, when a pried giies in liiiemn procellion with a garlind of tlowers, to whiih the people prefent their' ollermus. The ridiculous p.ageaiitry attending this felHval, was attempted to beabolithed in 1664; but the attempt oc- calioned an infurrection, fo that the kings of Cevlon are obliged to let them continue the pompous nuimiuerv. They have alfo idols of mondrous fliapes and forms, made of lilver, brafs. and other metals, and fonietiiiics of clay i but thole in Buddow's temples are the lif^urcs of men fitting crofs-legged, in yellow habits, hke his prierts, rcprefenting fome holy men, who, they fay, were teachers of virtue, and benefaclors to man- kind. The illand of Ceylon was formerly divided into nine monarchies, but, at prefent it is under the dominion of one king, whofe court is kept in the center of the itlaml, at a place called Digligy-Neur: the palace is but ncvly built, the gates large, (lately, and finely carved : the window-frames are made of ebony, and inlaid with lilver : the kings elephants, troops, and concubines, are numerous. The guards are commanded by Dutch and Portiiguefc renegado othcers. This monarch alliiiiu'i great dignity, and demands much refpect, which ha lubjects readily pay him, as they imagine, that al! their kings immediately on their dcmife, are turned into gods. He experts that Chriftians Ihould falute liim kneeling, and uncovered, but rei|uircs nothing more of them. His title is. Emperor of Ceylon, king of Candy, princeofOnva, and the four Corles, great duke of tho icven Corles, markjuis ofDuranura, lord of the fea-ports, and i{.Sm Captain CARTERET's VOYAGE — for making Difcoveries in the Southi. rnOcean, f.c •^09 and filhcrics of pearls, and prcciouj Hones, lord of the golden fun, &c. His revenue conliils in the j^dts and Offerings of his fubjeds ; his palaces are built upon al- njoft inaccelfiblc places, for the greater lecurity : no bridges arc permitted to be erected over rivers or ftrcams, nor any good roads to be made, to render the country as impflablc as poffible. None are fulfered to approach his palace without a pafsport (lamped in clay. ^ '^<^ troops are hereditary, and their weap of thcfe channels is found a fubftance like white cor,.', which, when boiled in cocoa-water, greatly nfiniblcs fugar. The currents generally run ' '' and weft al- ternately fix month."!, but the time ot liange is un- certain; and fometimes they change 1. " N. to S. The climate is exceeding fultry, this coui i Iyi''g near the equinoxial line on both fides : the nights, howc\( • are tolerably cool, and produce heavy dews that ai frcfliing to the trees and vegetables. Their winter commences in April, and continues till Odober, during which they have perpetual rains, with ftrong cafterly winds, but never any frofl. The fummer begins in October, and continues iix months, during which time the winds are eallcrly, and the heat is fo exceflive as fcarce to be borne, there not being any rain through- out that fcafon. In general thefc idands arc very fertile, and produce great quantities of millet, and another grain much like it, of both which they have two bars efts every year. Here are alfo fevcral kind of roots that ferve for food, particularly a fort of bread-fruit, called nell-pou, which grows wild and in great plenty. The woods produce excellent fruits, as cocoas, citrons, pomegranates, and India figs. Their only animals for ufe arc llieep and burtaloes, except a few cows and bulls that belong to the king, and arc Imported from the continent 1 'out thcfe are only ufed at particular feftivals. The natives have not rtiuch poultry, but they are fupplicd with prodigious quantities of wild fowl that arc caught in U»c woods, and > fold at a very loV price. They have No. 37. alfo plenty of wild pigeons, ilucks, rails, and birtts re'- fcmbling fparrow- hawks, 'i'he fea produces moft kinds of fifti, great quantities of which arc exported frorh hence to Sumatra. Among the lifli is one called a cowrie, the fliells of which (called in England black- moor's teeth) arc ufed in moft part of the Indies in- ftcad of coin. The only poifonous animals here arc fnakcs ; a dan- gerous fort of them infell the borders of the fea. The inhabitants alfo are much troubled with rats, dormice, pifmires, and other f;- -ics of vermin, which are very deftruiitivc to their provifions, fruit, and other pcrifti- able commodities j for which reafon they build their granaries on piles in the fea, at fome diftancc from the ihore J and in this manner moft ot the king's granaries are built. In thefe iftands the natives are very robufl,*of an olive complexion, and well featured. They are natu- rally ingenious, and apply themfelves with great in- duftry to various manufactures, particularly the mak- ing of filk and cotton. They are cautious, and (harp in trading, courageous, and well (killed in arms. The common people go almoft naked, having only a piece of cotton faftened round the waift, except on feftival days, when they wear cotton or lilk jerkins, with waift:- coats, the (Iccvcs of which reach only to their elbows. 'l"he wealthier fort tie a piece of cloth between their legs, and round the waift, next to which they have a piece of blue, or red cotton, that reaches to the knees, and to that is joined a large piece of cotton and lilk^ reaching to their ancles, and girded with a fquare handkerchief embroidered with gold or filvcr; and the whole is fecured by a large lilk girdle fringed, the ends of which hang dow n before ; and within this girdle, on the left iide, they keep their money and betel, and on the right fide a knife. They fet great value on this in.> rtniment, from its being their only weapon ; for none but the king's ofticcis and Ibldiera arc permitted to wear any other. The rich have iilk turbans on their heads, richly adorned, but thofe of the poor arc made of cotton, and only ornamented with ribbons of va- rious colours. The women are fiiirer than the men, and, in general, of a very agreeable difpolitidn. They wear a coat of cotton, or lilk, that reaches down to the ancles, over which they have a long robe of taftety, or fine cotton, that extends from the ftipulders to the feet, and is faftened round the neck by two gilt but- tons. Their hair, which is cfteemed a great ornament, is black ; and to obtain this, :hey keep their daughters heads lluved till they are eight or ten years of age, leav- ing .:.ii.! runs oil. When this is done, thcv ilroke all the h r b.ickwards from the ford, cad, an', tic it behind in a knot, to which thcv add a large lj< k of a ma . hair; and the whole is cunoufty orna- nuiued with ilowcrs of various forts. The common ])cople have houfes built of cocoa-wood, .md covered w ith leaves fewed 01 within another ; but the fupcrior fort bui' I their houli"* ot ftone, which is taken from under • Hats and rocks in the following manner : a- mong ler trees in this ifland, is one called Candou» excccdnigly foft, and, when dry, and fawcd into planks, is much lighter than cork ; the natives, who are ex- cellent fwimmc dive under water, and, having fixed upon a ftone tin ihat purpofc, they fallen a ftrong rope to it: .i;r .lis, >hcy take a plank of the Candou- wood, wiiuli, having a hole bored in it, is put on the rope, and forced down quite to the ftone : they then run on a number of other boards, till the light wood rifes up to the top, dragging the ftone along with it. By this contrivance the natives weighed up the cannon and anchors of a French Ihip that was call away near their coaft about a ccntiir)' agOi The Maldivians, in general, are very polite, particu- larly thofe on the iftand of IVIale ; but th»y are vei r libidinous, and fornication is not confidcred as arty 4 I «rimc: W '''^' mmi 1IO VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Completk. I <>:n^^ m i;!,^:ii:f crime t neither muft any pcrfnn offer infult to a woman that has been guilty of mifconduct previous to mar- jiiage. Every man is allowed to have three wives if he can maintain them, but not more. The girh are mar- riageable at cirht years of age, when they ^^ear an ad- ditional covering on their necks : the boys go naked till levcn, when thev are ciicumcifed, and wear the ufual drefs of their country afterwards. Thefe people jire very abftenuous in their diet, their principal food coAiil>i»g wf '■"ots made into meal, and baked ; i)ar- tirularly thofe called nell-pou, and elas, the latter ot which they drefs feveral ways : they alfo make a pot- tage of milk, cocoa, honey, and bread, which they efleem an excellent dilh s and their common drink is water. They lit crofs legged at their meals, in the fame manner as in other eartern countries. The floor on which they fit is covered with a fine mat, and they ufe banana leaves inftcid of table cloths. 'I'heir diihes arc chiefly of china, all velFels of gold, orlilver, being prohibited by law : they are made round witli a covei, over which is a piece of lilk to keep out the ants. Thrv take up their viduals between their lingers, aiul in (i) careful a manner as not to ,et any fall ; and if they have occafion to fpit, they rii": from the table and walk out. Thev do not drink 0\ they have fiaifhcd their meal, for thev conlider that as a mark of rude- nefs ; and thev are ven cautious of eating in fhe pre- feace of rtran^vrs. Tlicy have no let meals, attending only io the call of nature, and all their provihons aic drell'ed by the women, for to C(X)k is accounted dif- craccful to a m ui. Being naturally very cleanly, as foon as the/ rile in the morning they v\alh themfelves, rub their eyes « iih oil, and black their eye-brows. They are aJfo very careful m walliing and cleanlmg their teeth, that they may the better receive the llain of the betel and areca, which i. red, a colour they arc particularly fond of. Thev prtfeiit b( lel, which they keep always about them, upo;; vjccalional I'alutations, as wc do In"**- ,1 u 1 u They have many pagan cultoms, though they pro- fefs the religion ot the Mahometans. When they meet with any difafter at fea, they pray to the king of the winds; and there is in every iiland a place, where thofe who have efcaped danger make ollnings to hun of little velTels made for the purpofe, in wliich they put fragrant woods, flowers, and other perfumes, and tlien turn the veffel adrift to the mercy of the waves. They dare not fpit to the windward, tor fear ot oiiend- in>' this aerial deity ; and all the vtU'els that arc devoted toliim, arc kept as clean .as their mofqucs. They impute crolTes' ficknefs, and death to the devil ; and in order to paciVy him, in a certain pl.ace, make him banquets and offerings of flowers. Each of their mofqucs is fitiiattd in the center of a fquare. and round it they bury their dead: they are very neat buildings, have three doors, each afcended by a flight of Heps : the walls within are wainfcoted, and the ceiling is of wood beautifully variegated. The floor is of iwlifficd (lone, covered with mats and tapellry ; and the ceiling and wainfcoting are firmly joined, without either nails or peps, iiach mofquc has its priell, who, b< 'Ivies the duties of his office, teaches the children to •■■h\ and write the Maldavian language, which is a radical u)ngue: he alfo inrtrucU them in the Arabic tongue, and is re- warded for thefe ferviccs by the parents. Thofe ot the people, who are very religious, go to their mofqucs five times a day ; and before they enter it. they wafli their feet, hands, eais, eyes and mouth. They who do not go to the mofquc, may fay their prayers at home; but if they arc known to omit doing one or the other, they arc treated with the greatcft contempt, and every body avoids their company. They keep their Sabbath on Friday, which is celebrated with great feftivity ; and the fame is obferved on the day of every new moon. They have feveral other fcfhvals in the courfc of the year; tlic moft dillinguilhed of which is called mau- lude,' and is held in the month of Odobcr, on the night of which Mahomet died. On this occalion a large wooden houfe, or hall, is crcdcd on a particular part of the ifland, the infide of which is lined with the rich- ert tapcftry. In the middle of the hall is a table co. vered with various forts of provificns, and round it arc hung a prodigious number of lamps, the fmokc ot which gives a moft fragrant fcent. The people af. femble about 8 o'clock in the evening, and are placed by proper officer* appointed for that purpofe, ac- cording to their rcfpedivc (lations. The priefts, and other ecclefialVics ling till midnight, when the whole alfcmbly fall pioftrate on the ground, in which pofture they continue till the chief prieft rifcs, when the reft follow his example. The people arc then ferved with betel and drink ; and when the fcrvice is entirely over, each takes a part of the proviltons on the t.-iblc, and prefervc the fame, as a facred relic, with the utmolt care. When two perfons enter into the ftate of mar- riage, the man gives notice of his defign to the pandiare, or naybc, who demand's of him, it he is willing to have the woman propofed for his wife : on his anfwer- ing in the alhrmativc, the pandiare queftions the pa- rents as to their confent ; if they approve ol' it, the wo- man is brought, and the parties are married in the prcfencc of their relations and frienda. After the cere- mony is over, the woman is conduCled to her hulbaiij's houfe, where Ihe is vilited by her friends, and a grand enteitainmrnt is provided on the occalion. The briilc- groom makes prefents to the king, and the bride like- wife pays the fame kind of compliment to the queen. The man docs not receive any dowry with his bride, and he is not only obliged to pay the expencc of the nuptial ceremony, and to maintain her, but he mull alio fettle a joinmre upon her, though, if Ihc thinks proper, llie may relinquifh it after marriage. A wo- man cannot part from her hufband without his confent; but a man may at anytime divorce his wife; however, if her aflent to the feparation is not obtained, (he may demand her jointure; yet as this is conlidered as a mean act, it is feldoni pradliccd. When any one dies, the corpfc is wafl:rd by one of the fame ("ex, of which there arc feveral in each ifland appointed for that purpofe. After this it is wrapped up in cotton, with the right hand placed on the rij^ht ear, and the left on the thigh. Then it is laid on the right fide in a coltin of candou wood, and carried to the place of interment by fix relations or friends, and I'ollowed bi, the neighbours, who attend without being invited. The grave is covered with a large piete of lilk, or cotton, which, after the interment, becomes the (iropcrty of the prieft. The corpfc is laid in the grave with the face towards Mahomet's tomb; and when deiwfited, the grave is filled up with white liinJ, fprinkleil with water. In the proceflion both to and from the grave, the relations fcatter cowries, for the benefit of the poor, and gives pieces of gold and liivcr to the prieft, according to the ciicumftances of the de- ccafcd. The prie(t fiiigs continually during the cere- mony ; and when the whole is over, the relations in- vite the company to a feaft. They inclofc their graves with wooden rails, for they conlider it as a fin (or any pcrfon to walk over them ; and they pay fuch refpcct to the bones of the dead, that no perfons, not even the priells, dare to touch them. On this occafion they make little difference in their habits: the mourneis only go bare-headed to the grave, and continue fo for a few days after the ceremony of the funeral. If a per- fon dies at fea, the body, after being waflicd, is put into a colTin, \kith a written paper, mentioning his religion, and rcquef^ing thofe who may incet with the corpfe to give it a decent interment. They then ting over it, and after having completed their ceremonies, I commit it to the waves on a plank of Candou wood. Male, the ifland where the king rcfidc9, is fituated in the -nter of the reft, and is about five miles in circuiii- ference. ihe palace is built of Hone, «nd divided into ' feveral courts and apartments ; but it is only one (tory i hij^ 'i, and the architcdurc very inflgnificairti however, it is elegantly finiflied within, and furroundcd with gar- dens, in which are fountains and ciflcrns ef water. Ihe portal is built like a f^uaie tower; and on feftival - davs r ': j,Ji4..»U!Sy Captain CARTERET's VOYAGE— for making Dircoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 31 [ days the imificians fing and play upon the top of it. The ground floors of the rcfpcdive apartments arc tailed three feet, to avoid the ants, and are covered with filk-tapellry, fringed, and flowered with gold. The king's beds are hung, like hammocks, between two pillars ornamented with gold, and when he lies down his attendants rock him to flcep. His drcfs is ufually a coat made of fine white cloth or cotton, with white and blue edgings, faftencd w ith buttons of folid eold: under this is a piece of red embroidered tapeftery that reaches down to his heels, and is faftencd w ith a large filk girdle fringed, with a great gold chain before, and a locket formed of the nioft precious Itones. On his head he wears a fcarlct cap, which is a colour fo cftecmcd, that no other pcrfon may prcfume to wear it. This cap is laced with gold, and on the top of it is a lame gold button with a precious ftonc. The grandees and foldiers weai' long hair, but the king's head is fliavcd once a week ; he goes bare legged, but wears fandalsof gilt copper, which are worn only by the royal family. When he goes abroad, his dignity is diftin- goiihed particularly by a white umbrella, which no other perfons, except ftrangers, arc permitted to ufc. He has three pages near his perfon, one of whom car- ries his fur, another his fword and buckler, and a third his box of biitel and areca, which he almoft conftantly chc«s. He goes to the mofque on F"ridays in great iwinp, his guards dancing, and ftriking their fwords oil each others targets to the found of mufic ; and is attended on his return, by the principal people of the ifland. He cither walks, or is carried in a chair by flavcs, there being no beafts of burden. When the qiiccn appears in public, Ihc is attended by a great number of female flavcs, fome of whom go before, to •rive notice to the men to keep out of the way ; and iour Uues cany a veil of white filk over her head, th.it reaches to the ground : on this occafion, all the women from the feveral dirtrids meet her with flowers, fruits, &c. She and her ladies frequently bathe in the fea for their health, for the convenience of which they have a place on the (hore clofe to the water, which is inclofed, and the top of it covered with white cotton. The only light in the chambers of the queen, or thofe of the laiiics of quality, is what lamps aflbrd, w hich arc kept continually burning, it being the cuftom of the country never to admit day-light. T'hc drawing room, or that part where they ufually rclide, is blocked uj) with four or five rows of tapcftry, the innermoft o! which none mull lift up till they have coughed, and Ciild their names. The guards appointed to attend on the king's pcrfon confift of lix hundred, who are commanded In his grandees; and he has conlidcrable magazines of arms, cannon, ur^d ilveial forts of ammunition. His revenues confill chiefly of a number of iflands, appro- priatcd to the crown, with certain taxes on the various productions of others ; in the money paid to pun hafe titles and odices, and for licences to wear line cloaths. Iklides thefc, he has a claim to all gooils imported by fiuppingj for when a vclTcl arrivis, the king is ac- quainted with its contents, out of whit h he takes what he thinks proper, at a low price, and oblij.^es his fub- jects to purchafe them of him again, at what fum he plc^fes to fix, by way of exchange, for fuch com- modities as bcft fuit him. All the u nbergris found in this country (which produces more than any other part ot the Indies) is alfo the property ol tl.c king; and fo narrowly is it watched, that a perfon wi iild be punilhed with the lofs of his right hand, if detecfcd in convert- ing it to his own ufe. Moll of the nobility and gentry live in the north part of this ifland, for the convenience of biihg near the court; and fo much is this quarter cUccnied, that when the king b.aniflies a criminal, the fending him to the fouth is thought to be a fuilicicnt puniilinicnt. The government here is abfolute monarchy, every thing depending on the king's pleafurc: liach attolon, or province, has a naybc, or governor, who is both a prieft and do.:lor of the law. He not only prefldcs over the inferior priefts, and it veiled with the man igement of all religious affairs, but he is likcwife intruftcd with the adminiflration ofjufticc, both in civil and criminal cafes. They arc in fact fo many judges, and make four circuits every year throughout their jurifdiclion; but they hiivc a luperior, called the pandiare, who refides in the ijlc of Male, and who is not only the fupreme judge of all caufes, but alfo the head of the church : he receives appeals from the governor of each province, but does not pafs fentencc without confulting feveral learned dojlois ; and from him appeals are carried to the king, who refers the matter to lix of his privy coun- cil. The pandiare makes a circuit once a year through the ifland of Male (as does every governor in his re- fpe!iance this commercial advantage; for all the weavers live in one ifland. the goldfiniths in ano- ther, and the like of the different nianufadures. In order, however, to render the communication cafy, thefe artificers have fmall boats, built high on the fides, in which they work, flcep, and eat, while failing from one ifland to another to cxpofe their goods to fale, and fometimes they are out a conlidcrable time before they return to their fixed habitations. (5.) Bombay. This is feated on an ifland near the well coall of India, in 19 deg. N. latitude, and in 72 deg. li. longitude. It is an excellent harbour, from whence the Portuguefe, the tirll poflxjlfors of the Europeans, gave it the name of Boonbay, now cor- rupdy called Bombay. 'Ihe illand on which it ftands, is about 20 miles in ciicumfei cnce : the chief tow n is a mile in length, meanly built: the fort ftands at a dif- tance from it. 'Ihe illand is inhabited by Englifli, Portuguefe, and Moors : tlicie arc three or four more fmall towns on tlie iflai:d. The foil is barren, and the water bad ; they prefervc therefore the rain water in cifterns; and there is a well of pretty good frcfti water about a mile from the town. The king of Portugal tiansfciicd thi^ ifland to Charks U. king of England, as ^ I 2 VOYAGES ROUND ihe WORLD Complete. I *s part ot the portion of the Infanta kathcrinc, whom he married in the year 1662, and the king afterwards pave it to the Eart India Company. The fort has been bciicgcvl both by the Mogul and the Dutch, but neither of them were able to take it. Notw ithftanding Bom- bay lies within the tropics, yet the climate is not dif- .igfeeablc to the conlHtution of Europeans j there being but few days in the courfc of the yciir, in which the weather is in any extreme. The ftiort hot feafon precedes the periodical return of the rains: the night dews, however, arc very dangerous, therefore great care (hould be taken not to be expofcd to them. If people would but live temperately in this place, they need not be afraid of the climate, w hich is far healthier than in any other of the Europeans fcttlemcnts; and there are fomc pood phyiicians on the idand. They have wet weather at 15on)bay about four months in the year, which is Commonly introduced by a very violent thunder florm: during this feafon all trading vcfTels are laid up. The rains begin about the latter end of May, and continue tillScptembcr, when the black merchants keep a fcftival, gilding a cocoa-nut, which they confecratc and commit to the waves. What they abound in moft is their groves of cocoa-nut trees, their rice fields, and onion grounds. Their gardens alfo produce mangoes, jacks, and other Indian fruits; and they alfo make Targe quan- tities of fait, with very little trouble, from the fe.i- water. The town or city of Bombay is a mile long, and fur- rounded by a wall or ditch; it has alfo a pretty good csOli'; fo that it is well fccured, and eflccmed one of the f\rongcft places belonging to our Eaft India Com- pany. The houfcs of the Englifh confift, in general, of a ground floor, w ith a court both before and behind, in which arc out-houfcs and olKces. Mofl of the windows are of iranfparcnt oyller-fhclls, which admit a tolerable good light. The flooring of their habitations is a fort of flucco, compofed of (litlls that have been burnt ; this tlicy call chunam, which being well tempered, and Ik- loming hard, receives an excellent polifli. The Englifti I hurch is a very neat Ixiilding, fttuatc on a plcafant green, round which .-ycthe houfes of the Engtifii; as to thofe in which the black merchants rciide, they arc, in general, ill contri\xd Hnidures ; and the pagodas of the ^cnKXM, are mofl wretched cif itkes. The government is entirely Englifl), fubordinate to the India Company, who ap|K)int by conuniffion a prc- fidcnt and council ; and the maritime and military force InmJcf the immediate direction of the prclident, wh) iK lliled commander in chief. The common foldiers aiccfmanv nitions; but what are called topafTes, are t<ght have rather too dote 1 connection with others «f thtirown cojntry, in the adjacent fcttlemcnts belong- ing to their iiialier: however, there are no difputes m this town about prolcllions in rcli^jion, all alike being tolciuicd. Libeity of confi.iciKC, trcedom of fpecch, rti hci, unJ honour-, dilUnguilh the people and clime. lioinbay is inliat)ited by a mi\.iure of all nations ; rn;.jlilli, Poitugucfe, and Indians, amounting, as it is laid, 10 y-j articularly, they cannot be brought to eat beef. However, there arc many gentoos in the city, w ho are tolerated, becaufe they arc more induftrious than the Chriftians, and better artifts. The clergy arc very numerous, and illiterate j but the churches arc finely cmbclliflicd, and have numbers of images. Their houfes, which arc of flone, are fpacious ancT handfomc, and make a line (hew ; but they are poorly finidicd within. The inhabitants are contented with greens, roots, and fruit, which, with a little bread, rice, and fifh, is their only diet, though they have hogs and fowls in plenty. They are much ad- diiil«d to women, ind arc generally weak, lean, and feeble. Captain Hamilton, when he was in this ifland, Hood on a hill near the city, and counted above 80 churches, convents, and monafteries, and he was told, that there were about 30,000 priefts and monks. The body of St. Francis Xavier is buried in St. Paul's Church, and, as they pretend, performs a great many miracles. None of the churches, except one, have glafs windows, for they make ufc of oylhr-fliells inflead of glafs. The tow n itfelf has few nianufadlufcs, or produdions, their beft trade being in arrack, which tticy diftil from toddy, the fap of the cocoa-nut tree. The river's mouth is defended by fcveral forts and bat- teries, well planted on both fides with large cannon ; and there arc fevcral other forts in dirt'crent places. This fettlement is 250 miles N. by W. of Cochin. (7.) The ifland of Diu or Dio. This is fituated in 21 dcg. 45 min. N. latitude, and in 68 deg. 55 min. E. longitude; and is three miles long, and two broad. The town, which bears the fame name, is pretty large, and fortified by a high ftonc wall, with ballions at convenient diftances, and well furniftied with cannon. The harbour is well fecurcd by two caftles, one of which is made ufc of for powder, and other warlike (lores. It was one of the belt places inthofc parts, the ftrudures being built of free ftonc and m.irble. It contains five or fix fine churches well embelliflied within, with images and painting, built by the Por- tiigi'cfe ; but it is much decayed of late years, not one fourth part of it being inhabited. In 1670 it was taken by the Arabs, who plundered all the churches, and other places, of their riches, but were driven away with the lofs of 1 000 men. There arc not now above 200 Portugucfe inhabitants, for the rcfl arc Banians, who may amount to 40,000. (X.) The Johor Illands. Thcfc lie to the N. E. of Ca[)c Romano, but produce nothing fit fyr the carrying on of commerce. I'ulo Aure, one of them, is peopled by Malays, who arc faid to form a kind of republic, headed by a chief. In this ifland arc fcveral mountains, on which arc many plantations ofccKoa-trees. Articles of trade are pun:hafcd herewith iron, and the people have thecharadcrot'beingveryhonc(t,fricndly,andhorpitable. (<).) Sincapour, or.Sincapora, is an ifland and town, which lie at the fouthermoll point of the peninfula of Malacca, and gave name to the S. E. part o( Malacca Straits. Here is a mountain which yields excellent diamonds ; and fugar canes grow to a great fi/.e. The foil of Sincapour is fruitful, and the woods produce good timber for (hip-building. (10.) Pulo-Condorc, the only one inhabited ef fcveral iOands in the Eaft India fea, lying oft" the coaft of Cam- bodia. It is fituated in 107 de^. 40 min. E. longitude, and 8 deg. 36 min. N. latitude. It is about 1 3 miles in length, and nine in breadth, but in fome places not above a mile over. The inhabitants of this ifland arc of a middle (Mature, and well fliaped, but theircom- plcxion is exceedingly fwarthy. Their hair is ftrait and bla«k, their eyes are remarkably fmall, and their nofcs high : they have thin lips, fmftll mouths, white teeth, No. 38. and in their diliiolitions arc viiy ( dim uon.s. lin >, almoll naked, except on particular occalions, «li. 11 they arc drclled in a long garment girded ahout liiC waift, and ornamented with various coloiicd riloji-Hs. Their houfts arc built otl,aiiibo()s, covered i'.'i\' ' grnfs; but they arc very finail. Thi yarc rrXt-A ;ovi.r..i teet from the earth, on .ircoiint of the dampin-is 01' th>. ground) and they have neith'-r iIdois nor Nsimious ; !<» that one fide is left open as well (or convtuiencc of V-..'i:t, as for the entrance of the pc()|)ic. They arc vciy Inc of their wotucn, and will bring them on board ihc (hips, where they are kejnby the fiilor.', while ihcy Ihiy. Thcfc people arc idolaters, but of what kind is not known J however, they have iinajjes of ciepiumts 'lmufclcs. The rhirf cmployiiV-nt of I'.Mi inhabitants is to get tar out ol'the very I > ■c;e trees tl-,a'; grow here. In 170-!, the l''.no;l,lh Ceciled in this illir.d, after the factory of C.'hufan, oa the cc ill of China, « is broke up. However, they contini.'-ii here hut a lliorc time; for havi'ig made ;m agrcc'mcnt v itii lonie Ma- calfars, natives of the ilianil of Celebes, to ferve for foldicrs, and alFilt in huildinga lort, and nor difchargini.'j them at the end of three years, (for which term theV were enj^aged) they rofe in he night, and murdered every Knglilhman they could find on iheilland. The Englifli had purchafed ihis i!l;ijd of the kins; of Cam- bodia, to whom, after this event, it again reverted, few remains of the fort arc now ilanding, it having been for the moft part deinoliihed. There are feveral other fmall iflands in thcfe fcas, namely, (1.) Pulo-Dinding, near the conrincnt of Malacca^ which belongs to the Dutch wheretliey have a fort. (2.) Pulo-Timon, on thccaftcrn coaft of the penin- fula of Malacca, in 3 deg. 12 min, N. latitude, and 105 dcg. 40 min. E. longitude. It is pretty large, covered with trees, and the valleys are viiy plealanr. It is often touched at for wood, water, and other re- frclhments, and there is great plenty <'f green turtles. (3.) Pulo-Way, near the illand of .Sumatra ; it id fituated in j dcg. 40 min. N. lat. ami in 1 r deg. .;7 min. E. long. It is the largely of all thole iflands which form t'le entrance of the chanul of .\chem, and is peopled by culprits who arebanilhed fami thence. (4.) Puna, 1 20 miles north of Patay. It lies at f!ic entrance of the bay dl Cruiaquil, in 3 deg. 15 iiiiii. S. latitude, and 100 deg. 5 min. VV. longitude. Having given this copious, geographical, defcriptivc, and hiftorical account of the inol\ remaikahlo illaiuls in the Indian fea, vc Diall now return to the .Swallow Sloop, V the (trait of Sunday. Friday the 25th of September, wo weiirhed, and n-oc under fail; for we could not get a liillicient quantity of wood and water at Prince's Ifland, to complete our flock, the wet monlbon having bi:t jiill let m, and confe- quently not rain enough had tell tofupp!;. the Ipriiigs. We would have departed from this part of the ifland fooner, but wc had the wind trelli tioin theS. E. which made a lee (horc; but it being this day in our favour, and more moderate, we worked ovcr to the Jav.-. iliore. We anchored iti the evening, ii. a Lw- called by fome New, and by others Canty Bay, whicli \:: formed b\' an ifland of the fame name. In thcfe parts New 15jv is the beft place for wooding and wateiing; the watir being fo clear and cxceilcnt, rhat, in 01 d?r'to get a fiefti fupply, weft aved all that had been taken on board at Ratavia and Prince's Ifland. It is to be had from a fino ftfong run on the Java fliore, which fa!]« d«wn fromi 4 K th'e Sloop, which we left at anchor off Prinze's Island, in i''^::*.*' LL0- 3'4 \'OYA(lES ROUND the VV O R L D C o m p l r 'i e. \.iu'"h hi.. u' here wiih great \i()lcnce. At UL ' re: ;Kd :i pure -.ir, had wholelome fmui, thelami into the lea, and by means of a hoafe it may be lailed into the boats, and t!ic calks filled without piittin,"; them on (horc, which renders the work very cafv and expeditious. There is a fmail reef of rocks viritin which the boats po, not in the leaft dangerous, and the boats lie in as fmooth water, and as ctVectually Uieltered from any fwell, as if they were in a mill-pond ; and if a lliip, whvn lying here, ihoiild be driven from her anchors by a wind that blows upon the iliore, Ihe mav.wivii tlie greatell cafe, nm up the paifage between Ni'w ll'aiid and Java, where there is lulhcient depth of water for the largeli velfel, and a harbour, in which, being lau.l lock< d, llie w ill find perfect fecurity. Wood m:iy be privined anywhere, cither upon Java or New lila'id, neither of which at this part are inhabited. In our prellnt llation, we had 14 fathoms water, with a line ftndv bottom. The peak of Prince's Itland bore N. !{ \V. 'Ihe wcOormolt point of New Illand S..82 W. and the callermolt point of Java that was in fight, N. t'.. We weiedinai'.t from the Java (hore a mile and a quaiier. and fiom the watering-place a mile and a half. In a lev. days ha\ ing compkteii our wood and water, weweiirlicd, ami Itood out of the (frait ofSun- dav, with a line fredi gale at S. K. which continued till we v.. re dillaiu from the illand of Java 700 leagues. On Mnn.lay the 2_jrd of Nt)vember, we had in view the tOi!l of Africa; on the 28th, at day-break, we made the land of the Cape ofCwd Mope ; and, in the cveir.ng, call anchor in 'I'ablc Hay. Mere we found only a Dui.'h ll'.ii) from Kurope ; and a fnow belonj'in;.^ to the cape, which was in the company's fervice, for the Inhal-iiranis are not permitted to ha\e any fliipping. Tills I) IV, in (ummer, is a jikuI harbour, bu. not in wiiu^r , on wl.ich account tl.e Dutch veil'els lay here no Ioniser than the 1 tth of November, after which thc\ rjo to I'a""' Da,-, where t' cy arc ll;clteied from tlie N. vV. wirn this p^a , - , went freely about ihecountry, which is excce lini; plca- fant; anJ found the inhabit ints hoii/ltable and polite ; there being fcarc( ly a gentlem.in, cither in a pubhc or private llation, lior.i whom we did not receive fome tivilit\ ; and Captain Carteret obferves, " hefliouldill dcicrvc the favours they bellowed, if he did not par- ticularly mention the full ami lecond governor, and the fife 111." We continued near lix weeks at the cape, in oi.l'-r to n cover our lick. l)n WeJnefday the 20th of January, in the evening, A n -C^ ^''^ '^"^ '"■'''' ''"'^' before It was dark cleared • 7 '9- tin; i;,„j After a line and plcafanr paf- figc, on Weehicfd.iy the 20th, we anchored olf the illand of St. Iklena, from whence wc again failed on Sunday the 2.)rh. On Saritrday the .joth, we came in light of the N. \L. part ot .Afceniion Illand, and early in t'r.e morning ran inclofcto it. We fenr out a boat to d if over th.e anchoring-place, and In the aftcr.won r.-mx to an anchor in Crols Hill Day. To find this place, hiing the largelf and moll coni])icuous hill upon the il1an,l to bear S. 1'^. When the liiip is in this po- hiioii, the bav will be ope n, right in the middle bitwccn two other hills, the \veitcimull of whi(h ii called Crofs Mill, and gi\es name to the bay. A Hag If alf is upon this hill, which, ila Ihip brings to bear S. S. I"., half F,. or S. v.. by v.. and runs iiij keeping fo till ihe is in 10 fathom water, llie will be in the bell part of the bay. In our rtiii along the N. K. lidc of the illand, we ob- ferved fevcral otherfmall fandy ba}S, in fome of which urof general convcrfation, endeavoured to obtain in- formation concerning the route and incidents of our voyage, while by a firing of plaulible (iiilioiis he con- cealed their own; but Captain Carteret could not he brought to be communicative, fo that all the endeav, ours of the I'renchman proved fruitlefs: on theoiher hand, the crew of the boit in which the oiVu er luul .nr. i.ved foon iinparted all they knew to thofe of our tai- lors who convcrfcd with them. Captain Carteret oh. lerves very julUy on this tranfaCtion, "that an artlul attempt toilraw him into a breach of his obligation to fecrecy,whillt the French commander impofcd a fiction, that he might not violate his own, was neither liberal nor lull." We had now a frelli gale, and all our fails fct, when the I'Vench Hup, though foul from a long voyage, and we had been jull cleaned, fliot by us as if we had been at anchor. On Sunday, the 7th of March, we palled be- tween the wcll.jrn illands of St. Michael and Tcrcera. As we proceeded larther to the weftward, the gale in- creafeil, and on the I ith it blew very hard from W. N. W. w ith a great fea, which blew our fore-fail all to pieces, before we could get the yard down; this obliged us '<» bring to; and having bent a new fail, we Mre away again. On Tucfd.-iy, the if)th, wc were in latitude 49 deg. 1 5 mill, north, and on the 1 8th, we found ourfelvei by ihciiejnh of water in the channel. The next day we had a view of the .Start-Point; and on the 2Cth after a fine pallage. and a fair wind from the Cape of Ciood Mope, to our great joy, the Swallow came loan anchor at Spithead : and to what can we afcribe her ar- riving fafc at lafl, after having gone through, appa- rently, infurir.oiintablcdilTicuIties, but to the merciful intcrpolition of a particular Providence. In following her and her brave crew, through this voyage, our a(lo- nidiment is excited, notfo much at the number and im- portance of the difcovcrics made, but that fuch wants, iuch cmbarairments, and fuch dangers, as thcfe ncg- leded and devoted people had to encounter, fliould have been overcome, in a fliip that had been thirty years in the fervice ! It is alfo no lefs furpriling, how it came to pafs, that fo able and'gallant an officer fliould have been fo cruelly tieatcd, when fent upon a fervice, which, in almofl every other inftancc, has been particularly at- tended to, and received the moll ample fupplics: and, to conclude, if wc conlider the many impediments which lay in the way of Captain Carteret, beyond what any other navijjator had to llruggle with, we mull ac- knowledge that this voy.ige does great honoMr to him as the coniludlor of it: indeed thisfcnfiblcoflicer fccms to have been animated with the true fpirit of difcovcr)', and to have poHliredfuchan uncommon fliarcof forti- tude and perfeveraiicc, as nothing fliort of death could fubduc. A =rer¥t= «* - • -!.» •; NEW, AUTHENTIC, and COMPLETE ACCOUNT and NAIlRATIVE, of A Voyage Towards the North Pole, UNDERTAKEN and PERFORMED ' ' , By the Hon. Com. Phipps, (now Lord Mulgrave), ! 4. I ' ..I. M . .1..'- »J« . - 1 1 . . .1 - . f ., ««-l In his Majefty's Ship the RACEHORSE, accompanied by Capt. LUTWYCH in the Carcase Sloop. • ;. TO WHICH IS PREFIXED, i'-» A genuine Account of the feveral Voyages undertaken for the Difcovery of a North-East Pafllige to China and J^apan. 1 .' •).;! .:. ...Jit/1 INTRODUCTION. IT i>;f'rtiinatc for commerce, and the intercourfc of tiar )n'i, that there i.> implanted in man's nature a , dciire <'i novdtv, which no prefeiit gratification can fatisfy [ th;it vvhcn he his vifitcd one region of the earth, he is l>ill, like Mc\:iuder, (ighinp for another to explore; anJ that, .sfi-i- having efcaped one danger in Jiis prDgrcQ, he is n i iefs eager to encounter others, that may chance to obftruct him in the courfc of his pur- fuits. If the hiftory of former hard (hips could have de- terred men fr.im engaging in new adventures, the voy- age, 'he |Airii',uiarsof which we arc now about to re- late, would probably never have been undertaken. Tiie dreary regions that furround the poles arc fo little ac- culbincd to feci thekuidlv inHi'cncesof the enlivening fun, and are fodeftitutr of the ordinary produdions ot the earth in happier climates, that little lefs than one whole quarter of the {lobe is, by its ftcrility, rendered uninhabitable by hum; in beings, and but thinly occupied by a very inconliden ble number of the race of qua- dmprdes. The man- and almolV infuperable dillicul- ■tics that mult theref re be cxpcdcd in traverling thcfc forlorn defarts, whc e > relief is to be expected, but from the favourable .nterpofition of that pow er, whofe merciful providence extends to the rcmoteft corners of the earth, are, upon rcHedtion, enough to cool the ar- dour of the moft enterpriling, and to Itagger the reib- Jiition of the molt intrepid. In the contention between powers, equally formed by nature to meet an oppolition, it may bc^lorious to overcomes but to encounter raging fcas, tremendous rocks, and bulwarks of folid ice, and defperately to per- fift in attempts to prevail againll fuch formidable ene- mies; .IS the conHid is hopelefs.fo the event is certain. Till- hardicit and molt Ikilful navigator, after expoling himfclf and his companions to the molt perilf)us dan- gers, and fulfcring in proportion to his hard inefs the molt complicated diftreflbs, mult at lalt fubmit to re- turn home without fuccefs.or perilli in his pcrfeverance. This obfervation will be lulticiently juftified, by a brief recapitulation of the voyages that have been un- dertaken, w ith a view to the difcovery of a north-call paiTage to China and Japan. The firft who attempted this difcovery wai Sir Hugh Willoughby, with three lliijis, fo early as the year i55'^, ilie ieranf perilous enterpri/x-i. This {rcntltman failed to the latitude of 75 degrees north, within fight, as it is imagined, ol' New (Greenland, now c.illcd Spitfber- gen; but by a llorin \ as driven back, and obliged to winter in the river Ar'ena, in Lapland, where he was froien to deatii with all his compiny. He left upon his table a contife account of all his difcoverics, in which he mentions, having failed within light of a country in a very high latitude, about which geogra- phers are divided ; fome atfirming, as has been laid, that it could be no other than New Greenland, after- wards difcovcred, and named by the Dutch .Spitlbcrgen; others, that w hat he faw was only a fog-bank ; and of this latter opinion is Capt. Wooil, an able navigator, of whom we lliall have occalion to fpeak hereafter. To Sir I lugh Willoughby fuccecdeil Captain Bur- roughs, afterwards Comptroller of the N'avy to Queen Elizabeth. This gentleman .attempted the pallagc with better fortune, and returned full of hope, but without fucccfb. Hep-ilfed the North cape in 1556, advanced as far north as the 78th deg. difcovered the Wygate. or llrait that divides Nova Zembl t from the country of the SammoyiN, now fubjeci: to t^ufTia: and having pafieti the ealternmolt point of tli; t (trait, ar- rived at an opcnjea, from whence he return;'d, having, as he imairined, difcovcred llic palfiive fo p;Mnfu!ly fought, and fo ardently delired. Some allirm, his dil- coveries extended beyond the Sotli deg. of latitude, to a country altogether defolate, where the mountains wcrt blue and the valley s fiimv. He that as it may, the favourable report of Captain Burroui^Ir; encouraircd CVieen li'lizabeth to lit out two Itout veilels to pcrfci't tlie difcovery. The comma'id of thcli: tliips vas given to the Captaius Jackman and Pett.who, in 1580, failed through the fame Itrait, that had been difcovcred by Burroughs, an i entered the ealtern lea; where the ice poured in fo fait upon them, and the weather became fo tcmpcftuoiis, that alter en- during incredible hardliiips, aitcl fultaining the moft drcadtiil lliocksof ice ard leas, terrible even in the re- lation, they were driven back and leparated; and nei- ther Fctt nor liix lliip or crew were ever heard of after- wards. After ♦ ^ 1' ^\ ... ^..l.J^^'*" 3i6 Commodore P H I P PS ( now Lord MULGRAVE's) VOIAOH After this ilifallcr and difappointmcnt, the dcfirc of vilitin;i; the fio/eii fcas to the N. K. began to abate ainonij; the iMiglifli, but was niruined by the Dutch with an oblHnatc perfeverancc, peculiar to that phleg- niatic nation. The (iril Dutchman \vc read of who made the attempt was John Cornehus, of whofe voyage, in 1595, we have but a very impcrfec't account; he was followed however in 1606 by William Barrans, or, as fome write, Barents, an able and rxpcricnucd llaman and mathematician, who being fupplicd with every necelfary for fo ha/.ardoiis a voyage, by the gcne- rolity and patronage of Prince Maurice, proceeded in the fame courfc wliich had been pointed out to him by the l-jiglith navigators j but having paffed the VVygate, found the like incumbrances, and the like tLiiipells which the I'^nglilh had experienced; and not being able to bear upagain(^ them, returned thoroughly convinced, that ihe willied-for palVage was not to be attained in that dircdlion. However, he traverfed the coall of Nova Zembia, gave names to fevcral promon- tories and head-lands, and planned to himfelf a new courfc to iKcr, by which he hojjcd toaccomplifti what he had failed in difcovering, by following the Heps of thofc who had gone before him. In 1 6 J-', animated rather than d i fcou raged by dif- appiiintincnr, he entered upon his fecond voyage, with the fpiiit of a man fully prepolFeired with fuccefs. He h.kl heard, that fome of the whalers, who had now be- gun 10 freiiucnt the north feas, had, either by defign or accident, advanced nukh farther to the northwaril than thofe who hail been purpofely fitted out upon dif- toveries ; he therefore determined to llcer tothc north- ward of Nova Zembia, till he ftiould arrive at the height of the pole, under which he was pcrfuaded he fli'^uld find an open fta ; and by changing his courfe to tile fouthuard, avoid thofe obllruCHons which had retarded his pallage to the N. I'',. in this hopehe contiiuicil till he arrived on the coaft of Nova Zembia, where before he had reached the 77th deg. he was fo rudely attacked by the mountains of ice, tiiat ever>- where ailailed him, that not being able to wiihlhind their fury, he was driven againU the rocks, and his (hip dalhed to pieces. Barents and the greatert part of his crew got lafe to land, but it was to ex- perience greater mifery than thofe undcrnent who ]iiri(lud in the attempt. They were obliged to winter 111 a cour.trv, where no living creature bclides them- ftlves ajipeared to have exilrencc; and where, not- wirhdanding their iitniod etforts to prefcrvc their Ixxiie? from the cold, the llelli perifhed upon the bones of fome of them, and others died of the nioft excruciat- ing pains. ill this extrdiiiitv, and notwithrtandinj' the anguiih thc\ endured, thofe who furvived had IHII the fortitude n;ul ingenuit) to frame a pinnace from the wreck of their broken Ihip, in which, at the approach offum- niei, they nwde (ail lor Liipland ; but before they ar- rived at Colu, their Captain died, and with him the bopes of pel feeling his difcovery. It was now the active (eafon for naval enterprizes. Private adventurers began to lit out (liips for the north feas. Innumerable lea animals had been obferved to balk upon the ice ; the tulks of whofe jaws were found to cMel, in whitenefs, the fincft ivory, and their car- cafes to \ield plenty of excellent oil. In the infancy of the whale filliery, thefe were purfued with the fame eageniefs, with which both the Knglilh and Dutch endeavour at this day to make the w hales their prey, and perhaps with no lefs profit. In Ibllowing thefe, manv illandswere difcovered to which they refortcd, and, in courfe of time, the fcas that were fo formidable to the lirrt dilcovercrs, became frequented at the proper feafons by the (liips of every nation. Foreign navigators, however, were more fanguinc in tTicir notions of a N. W. paflago, than of the exigence of a pafl^ige to the N. E. and it was not till many un- fuccefsful trials had been made to dilcover the former, that the latter was again attempted. The celebrated iludfon, who difcovtred the ftraits that lead to the yrcat wcllern bay, which Ihll bears his name; afar lie had exerted his Ikill in vain to find a palfage wcftwarii, was perfuuded at hill to undertake a voyage in fcarch of a pallage to the N. I"!. This he performed in 1610, but being difcouraged by the mifcarriages of others] and the fatal ilfuethat had atteniled their obltinatc per- feverancc, on viewing the face of the country, exaniiiu ing the currents, and traverfing an immenfe continent of ice, that ftrctchcd along the ocean, in a liire. tion from H. S, E. to W. N. W. he concluded, tJi.it no pallage could be pradicable in that diieetion, aiiil therefore returned without making any other material difcovery. Prom this time till the year if>76, the profecurioiiof this difcovery was totally neglected by the i'jinlilli; and though the Dutch whalers amuled the world witli wonderful relations of their near approach to the pole, yet little creiiit was given to their reports till the anu.d' of one John Wooil, who had accompanied .Sir Julin Narborough in his voyage to the South Sen, with' a view to cftabliih a new tr.ade with the Chilians, and natives of that vafV tracl of countr\ , reaching from the (traits of Magellan to the confines of IVrii. This able and enterpri/.ing navigator, being himfelf an excellent mathematician and geographer, anil read- ing in the Philofophical Tianfadiotis a (laiier, by wliuli the cxinenceof a N. P.. pall^igeto the ealUrnor Indian ocean was plaufibly allerted, and this cxailly coincidinir with his own notions of the conllruetion of the globe; he was iuduced, by this and other realons, to ajiiily to king Charles II. for a eomniitiion to proftcute the dif. covcry; the accomplilhmenr whereof, it was (aid, would add to thegl.iry of his majelly's reign, and inmienfcly to the wealth and profperity of his k ngdonis. Many«boiii :he court of that nectly prince, hoping to fiiare in the piof.:-of the voyage, v.ere earned in pre. vailing with his niaielly to forward the dcl'g'n, who being himfiM lond ol novelty, ordered the S[H-edwcll frigate to be lifted ott at his own charge, manned, vie- tualled, and proviilcd with every nikcrary ; while the duke, his bother, and feven other coui tiers, joined in the piirchali of a pink of 1 20 tons, to accompany her, which they likewife manned and vic'lualled. and fur- nilhed with merchandizes, fuch as were thought nur- ketable on the coalls of 'I'artary or Japan ; the couBtnci they moft probably would fir(f fall in with after then palTIige through the north fea. Thefe (hips being in readiiuTs, and conimillions nwde out for their comn\i!' lers. Captain Wood was appointed to direct the expedition, on lioaid the Spitduell, and Captain I'lawcs to bear him company on board the ProfjK-rous. On the 28th of May 1^76, they failed from the ikoy of the Wore, w ith the wind at S. W. and on the 4th of June cad anchor off Lerwick, in Bralliy .Sound, wliere they continued fix days, to take in water and rcxtuit their (lores. On .Saturday the loth, they weighed anchor and con- tinuctl their voyage j and on the i 5th, they entered the polar circle, where the fun at that feadm of the year never lets. .'\t noon the Speedwell broke her inain- top-fail-yard in the flings, the (irll difailer that had happened, which, however, was i-M\\y repaired. 'Hie vycather now began to grow hazcy, a (.ir'umdance that frequently haupens in the polar regions, and darken* the air with ti: obfcurity of night. From this time till June 22, when they fell in with the ice in latuude 75 deg. 59 min. N. nothing material occurred. V^n that day, at noon, they obferved a con- tinent of ice Itrctching to an Imperceptible ditlancc, in a dicoftion from E. S. E. and vV. N. W. They twe away along the ice till the 28th, when they found it join to the land of Nova Zembia. On the 29th, they Itood away to the fouth, togctclfar of the ice; but unfortunately found themlclves eiiih.iyed in it. At ri at night the ProCperous liorc down upon the .Speedwell, crying out, ice upon the weather-how, on which the Speedwell clapt the helm hard a weather, .iiid veered out the main-fail to ware the (liip; but before Ihe could be brought to on the other tack, Ihe ftruck on a ledge of rocks, and Iluck (all. The/ fired guns of dif- trcf'!, I^u. • I ti ' r For making DISCOVERIES towards the NORTH POLE, &c. 3'7 trcfs, but were not heard, and the fog being fo thick, that land could not be difccrned, though clorc to the hern of their Ihip i no relief was now to be expcd- ed, but from providence and their own endeavours. In fuch a iituation, no defcription can equal the rcfa- tion of the Captain himfelf, who, in the langurtge of the times, has given the following full and patlietic account. " Herei fays he, wc lay beating upon the rock in a moft frightful manner, for the (pace of three or four hours, ufinc all podible means to lave the fliip, but in vain; forit olew fo hard, that it was wholly out of our power to carry out an anchor capable to do us any fcr- vice. At length wc faw land dole under our (lern, to the great amazement of us all, which before we could not fee for the foggy weather i fo I commanded the men to get out the boats before our maft came by the board, which was done. I fent the boatfwain towards the fliore in the pinnace, to fee if there was any polTibility of landing, which I much feared, bccaufc the fearanfo high, inhalfanhourhe returned with this anfwer, that it was in-.polTiblc to land a man, the fnow being in high cliffs, the Ihorc was inacccllible. This was bad tidmgs ; fo then it was high time to think on the fafcty of our fouls, and wc went altogether to prayers, to bcfccch God to have mercy on us, for now nothing but individual ruin appeared before our eyes. After prayers, the weather cleared up a little, and looking over the (iern, I faw a fmall beach diredly with the Hern of the fliip, where I thought there might be fomc chance of getting on flioi c. Itliercforc fent off the pinnacca fecond time, with lomc men in her to be ftrd landed, but Ihe durff not venture to attempt the beach. 1 then ordered out the long-boat with twenty men to land, who attempted it, and got (ate on (hore. They in the pinnace feeing that, fol- lowed, and landed their men tikcwifc, and bath vcffels returned to the Ihip without nny accident. The men on fliore defired fomc fire-arms and ammunition, for there were many bears in fight. I therefore ordered two barrels of powder, fome fmall arms, fomc provi- fioni, with my own papen and money, to bc' piit on boani the pinnace; but as (he put off from the (hip's fide, a fea overfct her, fo that all was loff, with the life of one man, and fevcral others taken up for dpad. I'he pinnace likew ifc was daihed to pieces, to our gr^at for- row, as by that difaffer, one means of efcaping from this difmal country, in cafe the Profperous deferted us, was cut off. The lor:g-boat being on board, and the fca running high, the boatfwain and fome others would compel me and the Lieutenant to leave the ihip, faying it was impofliblefor herto live long in thac fca, and that they had rather be drowned than I; but dcfiring inc when I came on fliore, if it were poffiblc, to fend the boat again for them. Before wc got half way to lliorc the Ihip overfct, fo making all poffiblc haOc to land the men we had on board, I went off to the fliip iffim, to favethofe poor men who had been fo kind to me before. With great hazard I got to the quarter of the ftiip, and they came dow n the ladder into the boat, only one man was left behind for dead, who had before been call away in the piniucc; fo i returned to the flwre, though very n r. and cold. Wc then hauled up the boat, and went up the land about a flight Ihot, where our men were nuking a Are and a tent with can- vafs and oars, which wc had favcd for that purpofe, in which we all lay that night wet and weary. 1 he next morning the man wc left on board having recovered, got upon the mizenr !■ -. iiig for fair weather, that Captnin Flawcs imj^ht find us, which it was impodiblc for him imt to do while the weather contijuied foggy i but fearing at the fume time that he might be calV away as well as wc, " But fup|X)lingwc ncvi rwtie to fee him again, I was refolvcd to try the utmofl to favc us many as I could in the long-boat. In order thereunto we lailld her twd feet, and laid a deck upon her to keep the fca nut a.l much as poffiblc; and wiih this boat, and thirty men, for flic would carry no more, I intended to row aiui fail to Ruffia, but the crew not being fatisfied who lliouid be the men, began to be very unruly in their mind and be haviour, every one having asnuich reafon to fave him- felf as another, fome holding confultation to fave tiiC boat, and all to run the like fortune; but lure brandf was our beft friend, for it kept the men ahvavs fox'il, fo that in all their defigns I could prevent thcni. Some were in the mind to go by land, but that I knew was impoinble to any man ; neither had wc niovilions nor ammunition to defend us from the wild beaflsj lij the pallagc by land being impracticable, and no padagj bv fca to be attempted till forty men were dcltrovtd, 1 wiJI leave it to the conlideratioii of any, whtiliof we were not in a moQ deplorable condition,' without the iiitcrpo- fition of divine providence. " Thewcathercontinuedllill very bad, with fogs,fiioW| rarn, and froll, till the 9th day of our being on ihoie, which was the 8th day of July, when in thc'niorning it cleared up, and to our great joy one of our people cried out a fail, which proved Captain Mawis; lowefet fire to our town, that he might fee whore we were, which heprcfently difcovered, focame up. and fent his boat to us ; but before I went off, 1 wrote a brief relation of the intention of the voyage, w ith ihc accident that had iKfallen us, and put it into a glafs bottle, and left it in the fortification 1 had there built; (o by twelve o'clock wc all got fafe on board, but left all on fliore that w c had faved from the flilp; for we much feared it would prove foggy again, and that we fhould be driven once inore on this miferable country ; a. country, for the molt part.covcred perpetually withlnow.andwhatis bare bring like bogs, on whofc furfac? grows a kind of mofs, bear- ing a blue and yellow flower, the whole produd of the earth in this defolate region. Under the furface, about two feet deep, we came to a firm body of ice, a thing never heard of before; and againft the ice-clift>, which arc as high as cither of the Ibrc.'iands in Kent, the fe:« has walhcd underneaih, and the arch overhanging, nioU fiearful to behold, fupports mountains of fnow, which, I believe, hath lain there ever lince the creation." Thus far in Captain Wood's own words. He adds< that by tlio tides fctting directly in upon the lliore, it may be atlirmcd with certainty,' that there is no paflligc to the northwjird. One thing rcmirkablo in his rela- tion, and which feems to contradiijt the report of former navigators, is, thai the fea is there liilter than he had yet tarted it clfewhcrc, and the clearcll in the world, for that he could fee the Ihells at the bottom, thougli the fca was four hundred and eighty flet deep. Being all embarked on board the Profpcrous, ort ths othof July they changed their courfc, and fleered for England; and, on the 23rd of Aiigufl, thty arrived fafe in the ThanKs, without any remarkable accident intervening. After the mifcarriage of this voyage, on which the highcft cxpcdations had been formed, the mofl expe- rienced navigators in England feemed to .igree, that a paffage by the N. or N. E. had no cxillcnce. They were the more confirmed in this error, for an error it is, by the reafon» affigned by Captain Wood, tor changing his opinion on this matter; for,bcfor»hc went upon the difcovcry, he was fully pcrfuaded himfelf, and likcwife perfliadtd many others.that nothing was more cenain. When, however, hcfiift faw the ice, he im.-igincd itwaa only that w hich joined to Greenland, and that no folid tody of ice cxtcttdcd farther from laaid than twenty •f L leagutfii , -■■■■ . i:v» i'-' ^i>i .•;'■• ■ m ^ri: .;:lf : 'iil '■ IS m 3i8 Commodore P H I I' 1' S (now Lord MULORAVE's) VOYAGIi :..« !•; .M. i„!-i 7f^ Icaf^iic? ; i,n this pcrfiiaHDn he altcrcil lii» courlc, and CDilkil .iloin;in thciliicaion in which the iic lay, ix- piCtinj,', at every caiif or htad-lancl of kv, alter running a certain iliiUincc, to linii an opening into the T'lar ocean; but .liter running two or three glallcs to the northward in one liay, he found hinifelf entangled in another ; and thusit continued till his fliip was wrecked. By this expcrinjcnt, he found the opinion of Barents confuted, namely, " that by ftcaring the middle courfc between Spitlbergen and Nova Zcmbla, an open fea miglu be attained, in which a fliip might fafely fail as far as the pole." From his own experience, he there- fore pronounced, that all the Dutch relations were for- geries which aircrted, that any man had ever been under the pole ! verily believing, that if there be no land to the nortliwaul of 80 degrees, that the fea is there frozen, and always continues lo; and grounding his opinion upon this remark, that if the body of icc which he faw were to be conveyed ten degrees more to the fouth- ward, many centuries of years would claplc before it would be nieltcd. 'Lo this politiveaflrcrtion, however, maybe oppoled, the teftimony of many credible pcrfons, fomeot whom have themfelves failed beyond the 80th degree of north Lititude, and others upon evidence whofc veracity there is no realbnable caulc to bring in qucRion. Among the latter, the teftimony of Mr. Jofeph Moxon. member of the Royal Society of London, muft have conliderable weight. In a paper which this gen- tleman cau fed to be printed in the Fhilofophital Tranf- adions, is this remarkable relation. " Being about twenty years ago in Amfterdam, 1 went into a public houfe to drink a cup of beer for my thirft ; and luting by the public fire, among feveral jieoplc, there happened a fcaman to come in, who feeing a Iricnd of his there, who he knew went the Greenland voyage, wondered to fee him, becaufc it was not yet time for the Greenland Hect to come home, and alkcd him, what accident had brought him home io foon? His friend (who was the fteerfnun) anfwcred, that their ihips went not out to fifli, but only to take in the lad- ing of the fleet, to bring it to an early market. But, faid he, before the fleet had caught lilh enough to lade us we, by order of the Greenland Company, failed unto the north pole, and came back again. VVhere- upon, fays Moxon, 1 entered into difcourfe with him, and fecmed toqucftion the truth of what he faid; but hcdidairurcmc it was true, and that the Ihip >va»thcn in Amftcrdam, and nuny of the feamcn belonging to her ready to juftify the truth of it ; and told me, more- over, that they had failed two degrees beyond the pole. I afked him, if they found no land oriflands about the pole* He anfwcred, no; there was a free and open fea. I afked him. if they did not meet with a great deal of icc? He told me, noj they faw no ice about the pole. 1 alkcd him, what weather they had there? He told mc, fine warm weather, fuch as was at Amfterdam in the fummcr-time, and as hot. 1 fhould have alkcd him more queftions, but that he was engaged in difcourfe vichhis .ricnd.and I could not, in modefty, interrupt them loncrer. But I believe the fteerfrnan fp«kc | truth J for°hefcemed a plain, honeft, and unafteda- | tious perfon, and one who could have no defign upon io authenticate this relation it has been obfervcd. that under the poles, the fun in June being 23 degrees high, and having little or no dcprefiion towards the horizon, always, as it were, fwimming about in the fame elevation, might invigorate that pa't of the hcmifphcre 1 -with more heat than he docs our climate; when he is, in the wijiter, no more than i c degrees at the higheft, and but eight hours above the horizon; in which fpatc the earth has time to cool, and to lofc, in the night, the influences of heat which it receives in the day. Another report upon like evidence was made to i King Charles the Sccud. by Captain Goulden. who | being a Greenland whaler diimfelf, fpokc with two ' Hollanders in the North •Sea8,,that had fatkdwJthm j one degree of the pole, where they met with no icc, but u hollow (iro\vn fea, like that in the Bay ofBifcay. A Hill more credible teftimony ii.that about the vc4r 1670, ajiplication being madctu theUjtcs general I'ur » charter to incorporate a company of merchants to tiaile to Japan ami China, by a new palTage to the north caft; the then liaft India Comuany oppoled it, and that To ctFeCtually, that their I ligh Mightincncs rcfufed togrant what the merchants requefted. At that time it w .is talked of in Holland, as a nutter of no dilliculty to fait to Japan by the way of (irccn. land; and it waspubliikly aflertcd and believed, that feveral Dutch ftiips had actually done it. The mer- chants being required to verify this fac'f, dcfircd that the journals of the Greenland fouadron of 1655 f*w:,hi be produced; in fevcn of which there was notice taken of a ftiip which that year had failed as high as the lati- tude of 89; and three journal* of thni Ihip being pro. duced, they all agreed, as to one oblervation taken by the mafter, Auguft i, 1655, in KSi degrees 56 luiiuiiu north. But a proof inconteftibic, is the teftimony ofCaptain Hudfon, who failed in 1607 to the lariiude ot 81 dij;. 30 min. north, where he arrivixl oa the 16th of July, the weather being then pretty warm. Add to all ihele, that the i)utch, who weiecmpiovcj in 1670. in endeavouring to find a N. K. pallhgc, ad- vanced w ithin a very few degrees of that open fea, w hich is now commonly navigated by the Rulliaiis, and wliiili would inlallibly have brought them to the coalh of China and Japan, had they perlevered in the lourlc they were purluing. It does not apjK-ar, however, from a v. authentic act counts that we can colle^lt. tliat.any voyage, proldFcdly for the difcovery of a N. I'.. pallhge,has been undertaken by either public or private adventurers in England, liiuc that ofCaptain VVckxI in theyenr 1676, till the pRfcni year: and it is ntore than probable; ttiUt if the Uullian difcoverics on the north of Alia had never taken plucc, the thoughts of finding a pradicable pllfaf^c from i\\>- rope in that dimUion, would have lain dormant lior ever. ■ '■!• But the vaft and cnterprizing genius of Peter the Great, in forcing his fubjeCU ont of th. obfcurity in which they had long been involved, 'U o iicd to the maritime {powers new fources of comi.i' cl, and liir- niftied (rem motives forncw enterprizcs. from a peo- ple unacquainted with a veflrl bigger than a bark, anJ who knew no navigation but that of their own rivcrj, that wonderful Prince not only taught Jum the ulc « (hips, but inftruded them in the triic^irinciplcs ot building and equipi|)ing them. Nay, he did niurc; for after making himfelf known and .idinircd throuc;h- out Europe, he conceived the defij^ii of opening a com munication \frith the remoteft parts of the globe, ami difcovering to the world new countries which no liuro- pean nation had ever yet explored- • With this dcfign, he plannrid one ofthebokleft cn- terprizes that ever entered into the heart of man ; and though he did not furvive to fee it executed, the glii7 of the atchievemcnt is wholly his. The country of Kamtfchatka was as much unknown to his predeccifors, as it was to the reft ot the civilized nations of the earth ; yet he formed the dciign of msk- ing that favagc country the centre of the moft girt ious atchievemonts. It was in the laft year of this great Monarch's life, that he commiflioned Captain Behring to travcrfc the wild, and then almoft defolate, country of Siberia, and to continue his route to Kamtfchatka, w here he was to build one' or more velfels, in order to difcover whc- thcjconntry towards the nortii, of which at that time they had no diftinrt knowledge, was a part of America, or itotr and if It wm, his inftrudions authorized him to endeavour, by every pofliblc means, to feck and culti- vate the acquaintance of fomc Europcain people, and i» learn from themthe ftntc of the country at which he ihould arrive.^ >If hoiiiilcd in this^ he was^to makefuth difcovtriesascit'dumftanccs ihould prcfent, and commit 'to writing, tlic ^fultofhisobfervatiogstibctheufr of'his imperial mafter. .• '• To enter minutely into the particulars of Captain Bchring's * For makinR DISCOVERJKS towards tlic NORTFI POLK, 6tc. 3'9 Bchnng'i )oiiriKy aiul voyage, woulil carry us bcyonci ,(,f linJts prcfcribcil (or this liurotludion ; let it fuf- ficetofay, that after furmoiinting intraiihlcdillkultics, ind fiiUcringhardlhipj which nunc but a Ruflian loiild have fiirvivcd, he cxctutfd his lOminiHioii liicccniflilly, »nd tctiirncd to Pctcrlburg in fafety, after an abfciice of five yar«i in which tim", bcfidcii his voyage by fea, he h.d travelie(l, in going and returning, 1 8,000 miles by land. ft is from the fccond cntcrprizes of this aftonilhing tnan, and from the nihfequoiriblc. Thcfe creatures, as they differ in nothing but their colour and li'/.c from thr f; commonly Ihcwn in England, need no defcription. The foxes differ little in fliape from thofc we arc ac- quainted with, but in colour there is no limilitudc. Ilieir heads arc black, and their boilies white. As thev are hearts of prey, if they do not provide in fum- niei' for the long rcccfs of winter, it were, one would iliink, almoll impofliblc tor them to furvivc; yet they are Hen in plenty, though, liy their fubtlety and fwift- nel's thev arc not cafy to be catchcd. 1 he Dutch fcameii report, that when they arc hun- p\ ihe\ will tl-ign thciuftlvts dead, and when the ra- venous birds come to feed upon them, they rife and make the u their prey. Hut the iiiof\ wonderful thing of all is, how the deer can furvivc an ci^lu months famine. Like ours they feed upon nothing that (an be perceived, but the vege- tables wliicli the earth Ipontancoufly produces i and )ct lor eight months in the year, the earth produces neither plant, heib, ihrub, or blade of any kind of prafs whatever. 'I'hey are, belides, but thinly cloathcd lor li) fevtre a climate, and what fccins ftill worfc, there is not a bulh to be fcen to fhcltcr them, within the dillance that any man has yet difcovcred. The means of their fiibfilU-ncc mull therefore remain among the fecrcts of nature, never to be difclofcd, as no hu- man being can ever live here, fo as ro be able to trace ihefe creatures to their winter's relulcncc. Amphibious creatures abound the moft ahout the founds and bays of Spitlbcrgen, and they feem beft adapted to endure the climate. Thcfe are the feals, ed as curi- ous to ga/.e at the llrangcrs, as the ftrangers were picafed to fee them; for they came five or fix together fo niai, l'..„. -hey might have been killed with the thruft of a bayonet; a proof that animals are not naturally afraid of man, till, by the fate of their alTociate*, they are taught the danger of approaching them; a proof t ■•* I. *«.■«•»«■ li ■is»„ .'^!l .^■f V^f **. •M*'*^,. 4^«*« .- , r4-^*i •v!t ^.r- •I ti, \^^1k\ '^i .^|;V «i /;< mS£ .^^»«i iVK f*?- ■i*^' >y :^' fi ^■:*'lp. 4 V-4:, M r-'Mii^-ji '■m 1; "■! ■::::~7v '.-t.iiitei;*'^'*'' iri^^-^f^"' .*.i:tS. i "t^f .xdis^ijttifi^ t ^. "?!^- / ■|pf '' Nw "f .* i^iX' fi n •#: .:^i' ■6^ t^' ■^ if m m whic iinrth, or bci and lyi tides lore; whkl howe of imi in que whine Chill;l On in the thein, fi\a loiul). open ; auhe quarts not tl 1)0HC\ lealt ( I'ai the Ci their rcdin men the ic bei Ciu.j»iiklaJJ''i-i'*-''- ■;:. ■: I. -if. • ' :;!jjj;„ 4v ;. For making DISCOVERIES towards the NORTH P O L E, &c. 327 -'.'/■i ' '■ ■• ' •(. fcf"*^'-'* *; i yvi if> fi :r#l ' u '• I? ■ ■ a )!♦« -I On the 4th the carpenters. Sec. were ftill employed in fitting "P t''' boats. The pilots, who the day be- fore hacT been fent to inake obfervations on the illands already mentioned, made their rejiort, that the nearcft water they had feen was about 1 o leagues to the w eft- frard; that in their paflagc they had met with great numbers of fpars or pine trees, floating abfwt the iflami, romc of them of confiderabic i'l/.c, with the bark rotted otf, and the bodies much worm-eaten; that there was neither tree nor fl.rub to be feen grow- ing "» ""y "' t*^^' fevcn iflands, nor updn any land that ihcy had yet difcovvred in that latitude, nor for 10 dcg. farther S. and that the trees they had feen iiiulV thcrcfoiv ha^e come from a great diltance. Thnii'ih there is nothing new in this obfervation, the like being annually obfcrved by all the navigators who frequent thofe ftas in the fummer, and who col- led their wood from thofe drifts, yet the country from whence they proceed has hitherto been thought a niyf- tery. Hut it being now certain, that maay of the great rivers that flow through the northernmoft parts of Rullia, empty thcinl'elves into this fea; and that there is an open communication throughout the different pan of it at diflerent feafonsofthe year, there feems very little reafon to doubt, but that thole trees arc torn up bv land Hoods, and are precipitated into the fea by the rapidity of the flrcams. It has indeed been objeded, that all the wood that ij tmind Hoating in this manner about the illands in hM'h latitudes, is to a piece barked and worm-eaten ; and that if thcfe trees were torn up and precipitated into the fea in the manner above fuppofcd, fome of it would appear found and unbarked, as in its (irll Hate. To this It may be anfwered, that were the courfe of the tides to run as conllantly to the northward, as the courfe of the rivi-rs runs into the fea, this objedion vTould be unanfwerable. But the very reverfe is known to be the hit ; and that neither the winds nor the tides tend to the northwards for any confiderabic part of the year; Co that from the time thefe trees enter the ocean, it mull, in the ordinary courfe of things, be many ages before they can reach the latitudes in which they arc now found. Becaufe, if they are driven northwards by the Itrength of a llorm from the fouth, they will be driven in another direction by the next Horm that hap- pens from another quarter; and all the while the calm lontinties, they will be driven to and fro by the tides, which, as has been obferved, feldom let long to the north, therefore, licing in continual motion lor ages, or being cart upon the fhore by tempefh, or high tides, and lying there expofcd to the air, till tempcfts or high tides return them again to the ocean, they will, in a long progtcflion of time, be reduced to the flate in whkh they are conflantly found. This fi)lution is, however, otfered with diffidence. The fa>:l is certain, of imich woi conduct was always calm, and his oidcr.s refoVii ■. I Ic never was heard, during the whole vr.\.ij.,t uii ilie iiiod prefling emergencies, to en- fun e !i;s comm.mds with an oath, or to call a failor by any otiu r th:in his iifual n.imc; .uid to fcnfili'i weie they of his manly behaviour, ihat, when tlu > was paid oil' a! Depti'ord, they were only prcveiui'. . his moll cariKll rcqiiell rr(.iin Itnpping themlVlves to their fliirts, to lover the 1] reels with their doaths, that he might not tread in the dirt in going to take coach. In lix hours, with the utmoft efVoris of human la- bour, they had only proceeded a lingle mile; and now it was tunc lor them to dine, and recruit their alnioll e.xhaiifled fpirits. As the Couinuxiore had laboured with them, it was in character that he lliould dine with them alio; and an acciden' appencd that made it nc- ceH'ary for him fo to do. die cook, with his mates, (who were bringing the Commodore and the officers their dinners under covers) to keep out the cold after coming from a warm lirciidc, had made a little too free with the brandy bottle before they fet out, and be- fore they had got half way to the launcts, the liquor be- gan to operate; the cooks were fometimcs very near boarding each other, fometimcs they hauled off, and foinftimesftecred right a-her.d. At length coming to a chain), or partingof the ice, which they were obliged to leap, down came the mailer cook, with diih, cover, meat and all j and what was Hill worfc, though it was not then thought of much value, the Commodore's common fervice of plate, which the cook carried for theollicersto dine on, ftll in the chafm, and innantly funk to the bottom. This accident brought the cook a little to himfclf, and he now Hood pauiing whether he fliould jump down the gulph after the plate, or pro- ceed to the Commodore to beg mercy and make his apology. 1 lis mates pcrfuaded him to the latter, as the Commodore was a kind-hearted gcmman, and would never take a man's life away for a Hip on the ice. Jiclidcs, it was a great jump for a fat man, and Com- modore, they were fure, had rather lofc all the plate in the great cabin, than lofc cookie. Comforted a little by this fpcech, the cook proceeded, but let his mates goon firll with what remained, to carry the tidings of w hat befell the reft. When the Commodore had heard the (lory, he judged how it was with them all. But where is the cook, laid he to the mates? He'.s ryiiig behind, an pleafc your honour. In the mean tiim; the cook came up. Cook, fiid the Commodore, biinir ^le your dinner. I will dinv to-day with my coinrajj., My dinner! Ay, a pound of theHclh next my heart ii' your honour likes it. 'I'lie piomptnefs of the reply (hewed the lincerity of the cook's good-will, and pliMJol the Commodore better than i\ feaft upon turtle. He difmilled him with a fmile, aiu< partook with the olli. cersin what was left, who made up their dinners with a mefs from the conunon men. They hadjuft begun to renew their labour, «heii woril was brought, thai the whole body of itc had changed its lituation, and w as moving to the wcil- ward ; that the fliips were both a-float; and that the ire was parting. 'I'hc joy which this news diirufcd throvch the two companies of haulers is eafier to conceive than exprefs. They inftantly fliook olf their harnefs, nm to allill in working the fliips, and once more to refume their proper employments. \Vhen they arrived at the ftiips, Captain L.utwych, who was nolefs beloved by his men than the Commodore, had by his example and his juilicioiis diredions done wonders. Both fliips weie not only a-Ho.it, with their fail.sfet, butadually cutami warjU'd through the ice near half a mile. 'I'his r;iv of hope, however, w as fooii darkened ; the body of ice fiiddenly alllimcd its former tlircdionto the call«artl and doled upon them again lu faft as ever. While the fliips remained in the ice-dock, they were laflicd tope, ther for their greater fecurity, but now being launched and a-Hoat, the ice prelled upon them with fuch weight, that it was every moment cxpedcd that the hawler would break that held them together; orders were therefore given, that the hawfer ftiould be ll.ick- encd, anil the Ihips relcafcd. For the remainiler of the evening, and till two in the morning, thedrift continued caftward, and all tlwtwhilc the fliifjs were in ilanger of being cruflied by thcclo- flngof the channel in which they rode. They had now dnited two miles to the eaftwaid; the men weic «,irn out with fatigue in defending the fliips with their icc- poles Iroiii being cnguljihed; and now nothing but fcenes ot' horror and perdition appeared Ufore their c) es. But the Omnijxitcnt, in the \cry moment, when every hope of deliverance from their own united ca- de .ivour had relinqiillhed them, interpofed in tluir Ij- vdur, and caufed the w inds to blow, and the ice to part in anaftonilliing manner, rending and cracking with a tremendous noife, furpalling that of the ioudell thun- der. At this very inftant the whole continent of ice, which liefore was extended beyond the reach of light from the higheft mountains, moved together in v.iri- ous directions, fphtting and ilividing into vaft bodies, and forming hills and plains of various figures and di- menfior.s. .Ml hearts were now again revived, and the profpeOl of being once more rcleafed from the frozen chains of the north infpiied the men with frcfli vigour. Kvery officer and every idler on board lalxjurcd now for lite. The faib were all fprrad, that the (hips might have the full advanta'Tc of the breeze to force them through the channel.s that were already opened, .ind to helpttiem, like wedges, to rend the clefts that were but juft cracking. VVhile the major part of the crews were employed in warping the fliips with ice-anchors, axes, faws and poles, a party from both fliips were difpatched to launch the boats. This was no eafy tafk to .-iccom- plifli. The ice, though fplit in many thoufand pieces, was yet frozen like an ifland round the launces, and though it was of no great extent, yet the boats were of a weight hardly to be moved by the fmall force that could be fpared to launch them. They were belidcs, by the driving of the ice, at more than five miles dif- tancc from the fliips ; and at this time no channels of communication were yet opened. But Providence was manifell even on this occaiion ; for the ifland on which the launces ftooJ, parted while the men were hauling them,andby that luckycircumftancetheywcrc launched with great facility, without the lofs of a man, though the ice cracked, as it were under their feet. Th8 For making DISCOVERIES tovvarils the N O R I r ( vn].V..kc. 329 lot' I1 ' •'■' ■'' ' ryjiiir '^•■•n time the "■'■■- ^imi' nic my lic;irt, li- the reply _.amt|)|,,,(i;i f turtle. He ■vith the ollu ■ "inncrswith labour, when I of" iie had I f« the «i-(U Id that the ire I'lredthrovgh tonccivethan [arncfs, ran to [re to rcfumc [rrivcil at the cloved by his 'npleandhu h illips Hfic "»'.'y cut and Jhisrnvof body of ice he caltward, ■ While the : laflied tope. '>(,' laiinchid > with fiich *"l that the i-'tlKT: ordeii uld be (I.itk- '" two in the all that while I by the < lo- '''icyli^'dnDw n vviif «,)rn th thiir icc- riDthinj^ hut kfore their omen t, when "I united en- d in their Ij. lie ice to part ackiiifr „|[|, ouiltll thun- nent of ice, ich of lijTJit her in v.iri- vaft bodies, ;urcs and di- vcd, and the 1 the frozen !"refh vigour. ircd now for bips might force them ncd, and to that were c f rnployed , faws and patched to to accom- "and pieces, inces, and ats w ere of force that ere belides, miles dif- "lannels of idcncc was i on which re hauling 1: launched ui, though ITie 'Ihe people on board had not liccn able 10 force their IV with tlie fliips much more than a mile, when the pirty in the launccs joined then). And now, excited by •hilt curiolity or inllintl is not cafy to iletcriuine, ftvc- ij beat' came porting over tiic ice to be fpecbators of their departure, and advanced fo near the fliiiw, that thfv might have been caiily mallercd, had not the men been more fcrioudv cnuiloyed. Thisday they altered then foundings from thirty to fifty fathoms, and from fifty to eighty and eighty-live fathoms. r n r r- c i- J T- The breeze contmuing frclli from [•-. S. 1',. and L. the ice fecmed to oijcn as faft as it haii before clofcd when the wind blew wclUrly, and from the north; a flrong prefumptivc proof of land to the caftward, which rtoppiug the current of the loofc ice in driving from the north and weft, clofcs it in courfe, and ren- ders it ci'inpad. On the contrary, when the wind blows oil" the land, and the current fcts to the fca, the ItMfe ice being no longer oppofcd, difperfcs itfelf again in the ocean, where it again Hoats, till the fame caufc produces the fame elfeCt. If therefore the land which our voyagers faw on the 30th, and which they could not determine with certainty to bean illand, ftiould, uponlome future occalion, bciiifcovered to be a con- tinent, then the doling of the loofe ice fo fuddenly about the feven illands, and its crouding one piece upn another to a great height, when violently agitated by temperts from the north or weft, will be fully and naiiirallv accounted for. Tuefdaythe lOth, about two in the morning, the fog being thick, and the weather calm, and the men very much fatigued, they were ordered to their quar- ters, to refrelli themfelves with flecp. It was, bciidcs, very coKi.and much rain fell -, and as the wind was va- riable, they could make but little progrcfs. The ice, in the morning early, feemed rather to clofe upon them, than to divide; and being apprehcnfivc for their boat.-", they attempted to hold the launces on board, but that belonging to the Carcafe, being either too unwcilily, or the men t(X) much fatigued to cftecl it, they flung her to the Ihip's lidc. About eight the breeze fprung up frcfti from the N. r.. cxcceiiingly cold, but opening the ice to the wcft- «arii. They then made all the fail they could, driving with the loofening ice, and parting it wherever it was nioveable with their whole foicc. Towards noon thi . loll fight of the Seven Iflands. And in a very little while after, to their great joy, Spitlbergcn was fccn from the mall-head. V\ ednefday 11, the men who, with hard labour, cold and watching, were much dif))irited, on the profpeifl of a f(H:eily deliverance, and feeing the ice no longer ad- here in immoveable bodies, began, after a little refrefli- ment, to refume thi'ir wonted chearfulnefs. They had not till the fccond clofmg of the ice, after the attempt to dig a paftage through it had proved inefti?dunl, and that the haubng thciaunces had been tried with little better I'uccefs, difcovcrcd the leaft dcfpondency. But when they h.id exerted their utmoft efforts, and Provi- dence, w hich at firft feemed to fccond their endeavours, appeared to have forfaken them j when their pilots had filled their minds with the terrors of their fituation; and their officers had given the fliips and their mofl va- luable eftcds over for loft, the men then began to re- ject on the hardlhips they were likely to fuftcr, and to be inipreired with tne fenfc of their common danger. Their apprehenlions, however, were but icmjwrar)-, and the moment they were rcleafed from their icey pri- fon, a.iJ that they were within fight of a clear fea, their forrow was changed to mirth, and their melancholy to rejoicing. Feftivity and jollity took place of abfti- nence and gloomy apprchcnfions ; and before they ar- rived at Sgitlbcrgcn, there was not a failor onboard w ith afcrtouB face. The ice that had parted from the main body, they had now time to admire. As it no longer obftrudled their courfe, the various flia|xs in w hich the broken fragments appeared, were indeed very curious and No. ^0. amufing. Ontremarka cent archfi) large of conlidcrable burden m !maikaiili' niece ilc'cribetl a magnifi- and loinpfeativ 1 imc.l, that a Hoop 'ht -■■■''' • ' without lowering her unit; church with windows and pillars, and domes; and h.vi. failed through it another rcprcfciued a lomcs; and a third, a table with icicles hai-ing round it like the fringes ol" a damalk cloth. A In tile imagination might here fiml entertainment enough ; for, as has al- ready been obfervcd, the fimilitiidc of all that «it or natiirc has ever yet produced, might Ii^tc be fancied. They continued working all this day thiwiigh the loofe ice. Hacluit's Headland bearing fouth 39 weft, and in their courfe faw a Dutch Greealandnian in the S. W. quarter. Thurfday the i ath, they cleared the ice, and bore away with all fai's fct for the harbour of Smearing- burg, in which they had before caft anchor. At two in the afternoon thev anchored in North Hny, the north partofVogleSound bearing north 45 eaft.di'ft 'nee about four miles. At half after foui the Commodore made the (ignal to weigh; and at half paft nirte,came to an anchor in their former ftation, where they found four Dutch (7rcenlandmen lying in rcadincfs to depart. Thefe Dutchmen accjuaintccT the Commodore, that all the Englifli fifliing fliips fet fail on the loth of July, the day to which they are obliged by con^rx^t, to ftay to entitle their owners to receive the Ixiunty-moncy, al- lowed by Parliament for the tncouragemeiU of that fifticry. About the fame time the grcateft part of the Dutch fet fail likewile from Spitlbeigen, os their voyage home ; but it is a practice w ith thefe laft, to take it by turns to wait till the feverity of the weather obliges them to leave the coaft, in order to pick up fuch men as may by accident have loft their flups in the ice; and who, notwithllanding, may have had the good fortune to favc their lives by means of their boats. This n a very humane inftitution, and docs credit to the Dutch Government. Did the Britifli Government bear aft equal regard for individuals, fo many valuable fubjcdh wouldiiever be futfered to migrate, as now .innually hire fliins to convey themfelves to feek their fortunes in new lettlemcnts. It iscftimatcd, that twelve thou- fand at leaft are yearly flupt olf from Ireland, and not many lefs from England and Scotland, yet no mea- fures are thought neccflary to be taken to retain them at home. The turn of waiting at Spitfljcrgen falls annually to the lot of about five Dutch fliips, who arc obliged to fend out their boats daily infearchof their unfortunate fellow fubjccts; fome of thefe boats have themfelves futfered (everely, and have been detained feven or eight days by fevere weather in thefe excurfions, to the great anxiety of their friends. The day of our voy.igcrs return to Smcaringburg Harbour being fine, the Commodore ordered a tent to be raifed on the lower point to the S. W. where there was a level plain for the fpacc of two indcs, and where all the mathematical apparatus were again taken on ftiorc for a fecond trial. They found, on the examination of the vibration of the pendulum, that it differed from that at Greenwich by Harrifon's time keeper, only two feconds in fortf- eight hours; which time- keeper, at their arrival at Greenwich, varied only one fecond and a half from the time-pieces at the obfervatory there. Mr. Robinfon, w ho was articled to Commodore Phipps, from Chrift's Hofpital, and who does honour to that noble foundation, was particularly careful to note the refult of all the ob- fervations that were made in this high latitude. The ovens w ere alfo here taken on Ihore, and a con- flderablc quantity of good fof t bread baked for the re* frclhment of the men. Hacluit's Headland, of which tticntion has been frequently made in the courfe of this voyage, is an ifland on the N. W. point of Spitlbergcn, about re miles in circumference, on w hich is found j)lenty of fcurVy-grafs ; and in the valleys, fome of which ex- tend from two to three miles, there is ftorc of otht'r 4 O grafg ^. 33 = CoMMODOKh IMI t I' S (iiuw LoKD M U I, G R A V E'h) V U Y a (J H lii 4m I he l.ii-l").iul At one 111 thf unbciii Wamid At nx I'omI Ola I u';a' tr.inlpoit, aiiu ( 'iiri> , i)\i/ca-(1ir(Huts, ani.) part ol'thcthHiinc iiKiriiingcanu' t<) ,ini luirat Dipttord. liilc ilic Ikvlloikl I lulk, and inooral. the r.tils, aiut l>c^an to unrig. 'I'liii.s ciuliil a voyaf^c, u hu h frOins to have iktcr- tuincil the (|iii'llioi) li) nuich agita'al c()nccrniii)r the navij^.ition to the north pole, and proved what Captain Wood had lu'lore aliened, that no pall'age would ever lie found practiuihle in that diredion. From the quaiuitie.s of lec which that navi)ptor met with in latitude 76 degrees north, he concluded indeed erroneoiilly, that the 80th degree, would IkiuiuI the pall'age towards thi; poles, and that iVoni iheiue thciwlar region was either a continued conti- nent of folid ice, or that land hllcd up the interme- diate fpace. It has been found, however, that thofc feas are na- vig.ilile as tar ai 81 and S2 deg. nt° latitude; and it may poilibly happen, that in fonic future years, they jiiay he Ibund navigable a degree or two farther: but it may now w ith certainty be concludeil, that a ccHirfe under the pole can never be purfued for the purpofe of commerce. We have already Ihewn incontcrtibly, that the north fea communicates with the callern lea, and that the pallagc to China and Japan may be |)crforincd wi'h dilliculty by a N. 1'".. courfe, by watching the opjwrtu- nity, w hen a few days in the year the north fea is open. But who would think of cxjiofing a fliip's company to the hazard of iKing frozen to death in a tedious, un- certain, and dangerou.s pafTage, when a fafc, certain, and, one may fay, fpccdy paffagc at all times lies open before them. IVom Behring's difcoverics to the call of Japan, and from the continent he there met with, there feems rca- fon to believe, that the land (ccn by Commodore Phipps to the ealhvardof the Seven Illands, might be a conti- nuation of that continent. In that cafe it is not im- probable, but that either that continent may join to the welK'in part of America, or that it may extend fouthuard, and form a part of that continent fo much fought after in the fouthern hemifphcrc. .\ fmall premium of two or three thoufand pounds fecured by Parliament, to be paid to the owner or ow- ners of any (ireenland lilhingfliip, that Hiould be for- tunate enough to liilcover futh a continent to the caft- waid or northward of the Seven IHunds, might pof- libly liasea better elfci.'t, than many cx|Tcn(ive expedi- tions litred out foldy for the purpofcs of fuch difco- vcrv. l his, by a trading nation, were it only to im- prove the fcicncc of geography, would furcly be well bellowed. It it true, indeed, that the reward fecured by parlia- ment for thcdifcovery of a north-wed paffage, has not yet been attendoil with that fuccefs, with which the promoters of the bill had Hatttred thcmfelvcs and the public, from the liberal fpirit with which it was granted. I'hc Hudfoti't Bay Company, though bound by their (barter to further and promote thcdifcovery, were ge- nerally fufpcctcd from intercrted motives, to opfjofc and difcourago every attiinpt to accomplifli it. And Captain Middlcton, «ho in 1740 was fent in a king's lhipu[ion that fcrvicc, returning without fuccefs, was publicly charged '.vith having received a bribe of five ihouHuid pounds to defeat the undertaking, and by his report to difcouragc any farther attc^ipts in purfuit of ir. This charge was ftrongly fupported, and generally credited, And Mr. Dobbs, by uhofc intereft Captain Mid(}lcton was employed, had the addrefs to prevail w ith tht tlicn minillry, to preclude any future fcheme of private corruption, by promoting the public reward already mentioned. The preamble to the aifl w ill Hate this matter in the true light it fcts forth, " Tliat w hcreas the difcovery of' a nortn-weft palTagc through 1 ludfon's Streight to the wcllcrn ocean would beol great benefit and advantage to this kingdom, and that it would be of great advan- I tage to the.ulventuiers to attempt the fame, il 1 pui,. he reward was given to fuch pcrliins as (hould mil;,; j perfect difcovery of the faid pallage; it is therctim; eiudeil, that if any (liips or \elHls belonging to hu majelly's fubjcds Ihall find out anil fail through aiiv pallage by fea between I ludfon's bay and the wtllcin ocean of America, the owners of fuch lliips or velKU fliall be entitled to receive a« a reward for fuch dilVoveiy the fum of Twenty-thoufimd Pounds." And as a l.ir. thcr encouragement to prolicute this difcovery, and to prevent oblUudions from interelled pcrl()iis, it w.n enadcd, " that all pcrfons, ful jccfs of his Majclly, ic- fiding in any plac-c where the faid adventiireri, nmy come in the proCccution of this difcovery, Ihall give tiic faid ailvcnturers all aflillancc, and Ihall no wny oh. flrudl, molert, or rcfufc the faid adventurers reafoiiahlc fuccour in any dirtrefs they may fall into in the proi;, cutionof this difcovery." Such was the encouragement, and fuch the liberal reward that was and is fecured by parliament to tlic fortunate difcovcrers of a north-well pallage to tlu great pacific ocean; a pafibgc which, it is generally be- lieved, would open a trade with nation; on the nor- thcrn continent of America, wholly unknown to the maritime powers of Kuropc, and fuppofcd, from their fituation, to abound in commodities equally rare and precious with thofc of any other country under the fun. The fair profpeCt of acquiring fame l)y enlarging commerce, the hope of obtaining the parliaiiieniary reward, and thedclirc of cxpofing the dilingenuity of C aptain Middleton, were incitements fufficient to pre- vail with Mr. Dobbs to folicit the equipment of two fliips for another voyage, which he made not the leaft daubt would find out the paflage fo long fought liir m vain, and by the advantages attending the difcovcrv exceed the moll fanguine expectations of the advcii.! turers. The cohimand of this expedition w as given to Cap. Ellis, who, on the j 1 rt of May, 1 746, palfed Yarmoutli in the Dobb's Galley, accompanied by the California Sloop, and convoyed to the north fea by the I mo man of war. But in proportion as Mr. Dobbs had flattered the avarice of the adventurers who were to fliare in the reward, and had elated himfclf with the thoughts of triumphing over the difgrace of Captain Middlcton, fi» it happened, that when the fliips rcturncil without having cffeded any one thing of confequcncc, the ch.i- grin of the former for having advanced their money on a vifionary projcd, and the mortification of tht lat- ter in not Ixing able to fiipport his charge, were in- creafed by every circumftance that could .iggra\ate the difappointment. Captain Middleton now triumphed in his turn, and no Hup from Kngland has fince been induced to undertake the voyage, notwithllanding the grcatncfs of the reward. It is now, however, believed, that government have in contemplation another voy.-ge to the north, to whii h that of Captain Phipps was only the prelude; but there is reafon to conclude, f-omwhat has already been faid of thefe latter attempts, and from the ill fuccefs of tor- mer undertakings, that the difcovery of a north-well pafTage is not the fole object in view. The figure of the earth, the phenomena of the winds, the variation of the compafs, and the attradion of the magnet, m points yet unfettled. of infinite importance to naviga- tion; and il is not impoflible, but that a more careful examination of the polar regions may lead to the folu. tion of problems, that have hitherto baffled the enquiries of the ablcfl navigators. A very [lender acquaintance with the difficulties and hardfhips attending northern difcoveries. w ill fully ac- count for our knowledge of the countries furrounding the pole being dill very imperfed. A brief recapitu- lation of thclufFerings of thofc to whom we arc moll indebted for our information, will not. wc hope, b» thought an improper conclufion to a voyage folcly un- dertaken with a view to enlarge it. The firfl who conceived the idea of exploring the northern regions was Sebaflian Cabbot. That enter. prizing I For making DISCOVERIES towauU ilic NORTH P O L E, &c. 333 '• i pull, il'l Miikc a .'I1^! to lin irough ai,y lie MclUin '^ «r vcHili h lIlfcoNciy 111 as a f',ir. _ it «.n ^•'J-'lty. ic- tiircrs nny ill give the <' wiiy oil. HMlbiialilc the prole. the liberal lent to the age ti) thi: iRT.i!ly be- ll le nor- wii to the from their lly rare and ■ler ilieCun. y enlarging rliaiiicniai prizing navigator, long before Ma|(clUn thought of a palfagc to the paciflc ocean hy the luiiih-weO, had inailc (MO voyagci, with a view to direct hii courfe to the fame fca ny the north-wcrt. In thefc voyagcii, he dif- (ovcred Newfoundland, the coad of the Kfquinieaux Imiians, and had penetrated ai far as the 64th degree of latitude, when a mutiny among hi*i men, or rather anobllinaterefufal to proceed any further, obliged him to return 1 yet he died in the pcrfuaftnn that a patl'agc 111 that diredion certainly cxilted, and that he fhould have found it but for the oppofition ofhiscrew. The next, who preimflcflcd with the fame notion, undertook a voyage for difcovcriea towanln the north, was Sir Martin Forbiflicr. He difcovcrcd (irccniand, and in the latitude of 62 deg. north, palfed aftrait, which, thou|^ it ftill holds a place in our maps, has never been found navigable fince. He maUe two other voyages, difcovered many ba^i and capes, to which he gave names, but returned without attaining the prin- cipal objctfl of his voyage, though like his predecefTor, he alferted the ceruinty of its exigence to his lateft hour. To him fucceedcd Sir Humphry Gilbert, who in 1583 travcrfed the conft of Labradore, entered the motith of the great river St. Laurence, and, furround- irtg the iHand of Newfoundland, laid the foundation of the ctxt fidiery. which has been profecuted with im- mrnfc advantage to his country ever fince. The rapid progrefs of dircoverics in the fouthern hcmifphcre, which about this time were attended with vatt profit to the adventurers, re-animated cotemporary navigators to profecutc, with more ardour than ever, their cnterprizes towards the north. The more the pa- cific ocean became known, the firmer the belief pre- vailed, that a pafTaee into it by way of the north 'muf\ certainly exifl, ana that whoever could difcovcr it, would not only immortalize his name, but enrich his country. The merchants of that time were no lefs eager to embark their money, t^n the navigators were to ha- urd their perfons in any new projea. where the hope of gain appeared to be well founded. A company therefore of wealthy perfons in London agreed to join a company of merchants in the well, and to fit out two fliips for the difcovery of a pafTage, which all agreed was pracflicable, though none could tell readily where to find it. To the command of this expedition Captain John Davii was llrongly recommended as an able na'-igator, and of a bold and cnterprifmg fpirit. Accordingly, on the 7th of June, 1685, he fct fail from Dartmouth, in the Sun-fhinc of fifty tons, and ac- companied by the Moon-fliineof thirty-five tons, having on board both vcfTels forty-two hardy feamen. On the 19th of July they weit alarmed by a mighty roaring, which was the more terrible, as the fog was fo thick, that they could not fee each other at a Ihip's length. It proved only the crackling of the iflands of ice, which was not then very well underflood. On the breaking up of the fog they difcovcred land, which, from its horrid appc«rancc, they named the Land of Dcfolation. On the 24th they were in 64 deg. 1 5 min. north, the fea open and the weather moderate. In this latitude they difcovered land, and convcrfcairagc to the weflern fea. The wrather changing from temperate to exccfUvc cold, on the 2oih ic was refolved to fet fail for Eng- land, On the 1 2th of .September they fell in with thf land of IX-folation, and on the 30th of the fame month entered the |)urt of [Xirtmouth without the lofsof a man. The account Captain Davis gave to his owners was fo well received, that other merchants weredefirous of joining in a fecond expedition, and accordingly he was again employed, and furnillicd with a much greater force. On the 7th of May he failed from Dartmouth in the Mermaid, of 120 tons, in company with the Sun- Ihirie and Moon.fhinc as before, and an additional pin- nace of thirteen tons, called the North .Star. In ic latitude of 60 degrees north Captain Davis divided his force, ordering the Sun-fliinc and North Star to feck a pallhgc between Greenland and Iceland, while the Mermaid and Moon-fliinc continued their courfe to the lirait as before. In the latitude of 64 de- grees, and longitude 5 8 deg. 30 min. north from Lon- don, they fell again in with the land, and met the fame people with whom they had traded the former year. Overjoyed to meet, they renewed their acquaintance, and w hilc the Englifh was preparing a pinnace to faci- litate their difcoverics, the natives came in numbers to carry on trade. As foon as the pinnace was fitted for fca. Captain Davis difpatched her to examine the in- lets on the coaf>, and to trace their courfe up the main land ; but that was produdtiveof no cffential dif- covery. Though the natives attended them with an obfc- quious diligence, yet on their kindling a fire in their manner, and uling fome ftram;e ceremonies. Captain Davis fup|x>fing them to be ufmg idolatrous forceries, firll thrult the priefl into the fm«)Ke, and then encou- raged his men to tread out the flame, and to fpurn the recking coals into the fea. Unable to bear the infult, the natives for the firft time began to fhew refentment. They fcizcd the boat from the flem of the Moon- (hine, cut the cable belonging to the Mermaid, made prize of the implements that lay upon the fhore, and, in fhort, declared open hof^ilities againfl the aggref- fors, who in return difcharged their artillery among them, which inftantly difpcrled them. No ci' ilities, howfcf, that could be fhc with an ifland, iVoni" wiiich'thcy foifod it impoflible to depart. The mcrt were quite worn down with . fatigue, the fails fo frozen as not to be un- furled, the rojiejcortgcalcdin'the blocks, and the deck knee-deep in fnow. In this forlorn condition they built a tent on fliore fqr the fick, aijd in this tcjit they kept fires continually burning night and day,.bbt'the cold increafed fo faft, that beer, and even fpirits froze by the fire-fide, y fhc fuflcrings of the Captain' imd crk*/ from the latter end of October, wh.n they landed till the 2nd of July, when they departed, are hardly to be parel- leled. This was the lafl voyage that was undertaken for the difcoycry of a nOrth-weft pa(^gc, tl^ that of Captain Middieton. From alf which, and the opinion of Cap- tain James after his return, there is great rcafon to con- clude, that what we have faid of a north-eaft paflage is likcwife true of a paflage by the north-weft, that it nioft certainly exifts, but will never be found ptadicablc ftr' mercantile purpofes. » I The voyage of Commodore Phipps, which his Ma-- jefti , in a particular manner, thought fit to patronize, was equipped with fuch care and circumfpedion, that nothing was found wanting during the coiirfe of it. To this voyage, we have prefixed a brief recapitula- tion of the many attempt: that have been made for the difcovery of a north-eaft paflage to China and Japan, and alfo have fubjoined a like fummary of thccntir- prizcs fet on foot by government, or undertaken by private adventurers, for difcovering a communication' with the great Pacific ocean by a pafl'agc from the north-weft. The accounts arc full of aftonifliing events, and wondepful defcriptions of uncommon phienomcna. In them we read of rivers and lakes of ice, burfting with imprifoned vapours ; and of rocks, forcfts, beams of houfes and buildings, fplitting with a noifc not Icfs terrible than the loudeft thunder. Of brandy, brine, and even fpirits of wine, expofed to the open air, only. for a few hours, freezing into a folid mafs. Of moun- tains of ice frozen in the fca 100 fathom deep. Of fnow hills that never thaw. And of winds that blifter the flefli, and flirivel theflcin like red-hot iron. In this parr ol our work the dirtrefles, dangers, pro- vidential deliverances, and unfpeakable fuflcrings of thofe who have wintered in the dark and dreary re- gions of the north, are recounted with clearnefs ; and tne contents of many volumes are comprized with care and precifion. ■ ■';! •< ••as Wi, :i,i NEW, AUTHENTIC, and COMPLETE ACCOUNT and NARRATIVE of A VOYAGE Round the WORLD, * ( UNDERTAKEN and PERFORMIED By Commodore (afterwards Lord) ANSON, . In his Majefty's Ship the CENTURION, '■■■■- • • t ■' i ,. .' ;, . HAVING UNDER HIS COMMAND i sfx V r The Gloucefter, Pearl, Severn, Wager, Trial, and two Store Ships, •■?-•: fi:.r!* THE Sptnilh depredations in the year 1739, having roufcd the national refcntmcnt, and the pacific minillty who then were intrufted with the ad- miniftration of affiiirs, finding it impolTible any longer to prevent a war with Spain, fcveral projeds were pro- poKd, and (everal plans formed, for didrefTing the enemy in the moft effedual manner, by cutting on the refourccs by which alone they were encouraged to con- tinue their infults, and by wiiich alone they could be enabled to Tupport a war. Among the reft, two ex- peditions were planned by Sir Charles Wager, then at the head of the admiralty, and two gentlemen named by him for carrying them into execution ; which were no fooner laid before the privy council to be examined than they were unanimoufly approved. Captain Anfon, who was nominated to command the one, being out upon a cruife, a velTel was difpatched to order him to return with his Hiip. the Centurion, to Portfmouth ; and Mr. Cornwall, who was appointed to command the other, was acquainted with the honour conferred upon him, and diredled to prepare accord- ingly- There are not to be found in the annals of Britain tvo expeditions, remote in the dcftination, yet having a conncdion one with the other, that promifed equal advantages with thefe to the nation, equal honour to the promoters, or equal wealth and glory to the com- mande.-s: but by what fatality thefe expeditions were changed, or by what (late-craft one came to be laid alide, and the other delayed, — who were the traitors that betrayed the fecret of their dcftination, or who the demon of fedudion was, that perverted the grand de- fignto the pitiful purpofe of one llngic pilfering pro- ject, remains at prcfent among thole fccrcts, which, perhaps, a fecond Dalrympic, in fome remote period of time, may difcover; when it will jpi-obably appear how much the influence of Chilian gold had operated in de- feating the moft formidable projed for the humiliation of Spain that ever was devifcd ; and how eafy it is for a prime minifter of England, in the plenitude of power, to defeat the beft-concertcd meafurcs, backed and fuppcrted by the King in his council, when cither pride, envy, avarice, or ^'mulation, may prompt him to oppoiition. The projcd, as firft intended, was to confift of two ftrong fquadrons; one under Captain Anfon was to take on board three independent companies of lOo mtn each, and Bland's regiment of foot (who was him- fclt to command the land forces), and was to fail with all poffiblc expedition by the Cape of Good Houc to the city of Manilla, in the ifland of Luconia ; while that 1 ;,, commanded by Captain Cornwall, of equat force, was to proceed round Cape Horn into the .South Seas, there to range the coafts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico ; and when. the commander in chief had made himfelf matter of the royal treafures in that quarter, he was then to dircdl his courfe to the Philippines, and join the fquadron of Captain Anfon. This done, they were to adl in con- jundion, as circumftances fliould arife, or to wait fur fredi orders from government to proceed on frefVi en< terprizcs. The reader will perceive, at firft view, the vaft imporunceof this no*'': undertaking, calculated at once to enrich the nation, and to determine the war without the e.T'^on of much bleed ; for the places in- tended to be attacked were at that time incapable cf reliftance 5 and as they were in poflelTion of the royal treafures, any failure in the return of which muft of necedity oblige Spain to fue for peace, that haughty nation muft thus have been fubdued without a battle. But pofterity will ftand amazed when they are told the ilTue of this projed, on which Sir Charles Wager was fo intent, that, though it was the loth of Scptcnibei before Captain Anfon arrived in town, yet by the • 8th he had received orders to take under his command the Argyle, Severn, Pearl, Wager, and Trial (loop, and to proceed to vidual the fame with the utmcft expedition. Before the end of December fuch difpatch had been made by that vigilant officer, that the lliips were in readinefs to take the troops on board, but in January, when Captain Anfon attended the board to receive fiirther orders, he was told by Sir Charles, that the Manilla cxpeilition was laid alide, for what rcafon he knew not, but that the expedition to the South Seas was ftill intended : and that he and his fquadron, as their firft deftination was now countermanded, llioulJ be employed in that fcrvice. Accordingly on the loth of January, 1740, he re- ceived his commifTion as Commodore; vet it was not till the loth of June that he obtained from the Duke of Newcaftle his Majefty's inftrudions; and even then fo many obftades were thrown in the way, fo many difficulties ftartcd, and fo m.iny delays contrived, that, before he wx i permitted to fail, which was not till the latter end of September, the Spaniards were fo well in- formed of his dcfigns, that a pcrfon who had been em- played in the South Sea Company's fcrvice, arrived from Panama, and v,a^ able to relate to the Commo- dore moft of the particulars of his ftrcngth and deftina- tion, from what he had learnt among the merchants before he left the South Scas; but a ftill more extraor- dinary proof of their early and pcrfcdt intelligence was difcQvcred afterwards, 19 the courfe of the voyage, whan m£^' %h/M 'd as the Act direcit , fy Alex'IIogji , lU the Kmps Jrmt.NfiSJatermiJter Rmr . l/ir SkcoM). //•/// tut ArcourU t>/ /ii.t VOYAGE UOUND //^' WORIJ) . ^eiv.^**).' ■ .1 ; .H.fti M'Sf^M FR0NTISPIE(.E • W* (rK.\'i('>V t'/ ///, //t'iA/Mi/!///-////// lOrTff/// ///<■ ('<>M///4't ty //UKH i/u/,>/f'/<>f/.> 'V ,n ii p R w'f' >///•> A t;n 'I ,.'\'-^«- ^w i!l.. »..>, % ■1- ''t^ ^)^; Mm •*■>; h V^ •«*i»- :Bi^. ,flPU: .j.'iw^i'n'" •'r*=«".r;v- T-.'rjL-^--y»?^^.*-.'.-*fy*-. SV'', ■ »'.A»^\ ^-^ Vif>- -1 vi.iVV'Svs«, \tN CoMMCDoRE ANSON'S VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 337 when the Pearl, being feparaced from the rcft.of the fiiiiadron, in a ftorm, on the coaft of Braftl, fell in with the Spani(h fleet, that, during the unprecedented delay, had been purpofcly fitted out to ruin the cx- i)rdition, and found Admiral Pifarrofo well inftrudlcd in the form and nuke of Commodore Anfon's broad pendant, and thofc he employed had imitated it fo exadly, that Capt. Mitchell, who commanded the Fear), was decoyed by it within gun-fliot, before he wasabletodlfcover his miftake. All delays being at length overcome, the fquadron, conltftingof five men of war, a (loop of war, and two victualling (hips, namely, the Centurion, of 60 guns, 400 men, commanded by Captain Anfon, as Cpmmo- dorc; the Glouccftcr, of 50 guns, 300 men, of which Richard Norris, Efo; was Commander ; the Severn, of 50 guns, 300 men, the Hon. Edward Lcgg, Efq-, Com- mander; the Pearl, of 40 guns, 150 men, Matthew Mitchell, Efq; Commanders the Wager, of 2 8 guns, 160 men, the Hon. John Murray, CTommandcr; two vicliiallers, the Induftry and Anne pinks, the largcd of about 400, and the other about 200 tons burthen; were oidered to take the troops onboard at St. Helen's. But how much the numbers, ftrcngth, and probability of fticccfs, of this fquadron, were diminifhcd by the various incidents that took place in near a twelve- month's procraftination, may fully be conceived by what has already been faid. Had the honourable Board from whence the firft idea of the expedition originated been permitted to dh-edl, all the old and ordinary fcamen on board the (hips would have been exchanged for fuchaswcre young and able; the full complement of each (hip would nave been made up; and the (alt provifions which had been fo long on board in the channel witild have been renundcd on ihore, and frcfli provilions replaced in their room: but, in- (lead of thcfe neccfTary precautions, the Captains were glad to retain their old crews; the deficiency in the ntimbcrt of which, amounting to more than 300 men, was noothcrwifc made up than by fending on board about 100 cripples from the hofpitals, and a party of raw marines wno had never been at fea before: nor were they more fortunate in the change that was made in the land-forces j for, inftead of three independent companies, of too men each, and Bland's regiment of foot, as (irfl promifed, they had only 400 invalids from Chelfca allotted them, one part of whom was in- capable of adlion l^ their agp and infirmities, and the other [an ufelefs by their ignorance of their duty. But this diminution of llrength was not the greatefl misfortune that attended thcfe meafures 1 the import- ance of the time which was wilfully waded 'a as in its c0nre(]ucnces the fource of all thofe calamities to which the cnterprize was afterwards expofcd, by (tbliging the Commodore to make his pofTace round the Cape in the mod tempefluous feafon, when, as it vasforefeen, almoft all the invalids, to a man, pe- rifhed long before they arrived at the place of adion, expiring in a mo(t lamentable condition when they came to be atuckcd with the fctirvy, with their wounds bleeding afrefh, which had been healed fome of them ao, feme 30, and fome 40 vears before. But to proceed: Of this voyage there are two very authentic and well-written accounts; one by Patco Thomas, the >n!ithematical mafter on board the Cen- turion, who failed in her out of the Britifh Channel, and returned with her in fafety when (he arrived at Portfmouth, and wai an eye-wttnefs and careful ob- ftrverof all that pttfTed: the other by the Rev. Mr. Richard Walten. Cha[Jain to the above (hip, who re- ceived his materitls, ami every other afTiftaiKc necef- fary to authenticate his narration, from the Comman- dcr in Chief. We have chofen to follow the former in the narrative of fads, as moft exadt and leaft liable to impofition; but, in the cxplanatcTvpart, we fl.all copy tHelaueri bccaufe, though Mr. Thomas fuffered nothing mate- rial that pnlTcd to cfcape his notice, there were many things tranfailed, the motives fiir which he could only No. 41. Igucfsat; but thcfe motives Mr. Walters has, by means of the Commodore's afliftance, been abli to explain. Being quite ready about the beginning of Septcm- t bcr, 1740, we put to fea three different times, but were as often put back to the road of St. Helen's by contrary winds and ftormv weather. At laft, on Thurfday, Sept. 18, wc failed in company with the Lark and St. Alban's, two of his Majelty's (hips, and fcveral merchant-(hips, bcfidesour own fquadron; and Saturday evening faw fome men.of-war, and alaree fleet of merchantmen, waiting for us at Torbay. At one in the afternoon wejoinedthem; and the Commo. dore hoifted his broad pendant, which was faluted by all his Majcfty's fhips in the fleet with 13 guns each. The King's fhips which joined us here were, the Dra- gon, Chatham, Winchefter.andSouth-Sca-Caftle, and near 200 fail of merchantnKn under convoy, fome of whom were bound to the Mediterranear, and others to fevcral parts of North America. We had at pre- fent the command of the whole fleet; and this fame afternoon, feeing a fhip td the fouth-weft, wc made the Dragon a fignal for chafing her ; but (he proved one of our own fhips, too far a-head of her flation. At four this afternoon, the Start Point bore from us E, by N. at the diflance of eight leagues. Monday the 2 2d, we faw two fail to the weft ward, and fent the Trial floop to fpeak with them. They were Dutch fhips bound to Cura;oa, with foldiers for their garrifons there. Thurfdav the 25th, the Winchefter and South-Sca- Caftle, with the mcrchant-lhips under their convoy for Virginia, and other parts of North-America, parted from us, and proceeded on their refpedKVe voyages. And Monday the 2ath, the Dragon, Chatham, St. Al- ban's, and Lark, with the merchant-fhips in their charge for th« Mediterranean, did the like; and wc had now no fhips left in company but our own proper fquadron. Tuefday the 30th, we fpoke with a Dutch man-of- war, who came from Malta, bound for Amfterdam. Friday, Odlober the 3d, we (poke with two Englifh merchant-fhips from Ufbon for New- York, and the 8th we fpoke with a French floop from Rochelle. The 13th, one Philip Merrit, a common failor, died, which I mention becaufc he was the firft man we loft on the voyage. The next day, by an order from the Com-? modore, we went to flwrt allowance ; that is, one third of the allowance granted by government is kept back, in order to make our provilions hold out the longer. The 23d, wc fpoke with a fliip from Liverpool, and the next day with another from Glafgow, for the Cape de Verde illands ; as alfo with a fmall brigantine from Falmouth for Madeira, who kept us company thither. The next day we fpoke with a Dutch fliip from Surinam for Holland. The 26th, at fix o'clock in the morning, I we faw the land bearing W. N. W. diftance fix leagues, and at four in the evening anchored in Fonchiale road, in forty fiithom water, a-breaft the town of Fonchiale, and about a mile and a half from it. During this whole paflsigc, we had almoft continually contrary winds, and boifterous unceruin weather; by which means, a pafTaee whieh is very commonly made in 10 or 1 3 days, took us up 38. Our bufinefs in this place was only to watf r, and lake in wine, and fome private (lock: but, fooa after our arrival, we were informed, that they had feen fiwn the ifland. to the weft ward, about 1 6 or 1 8 fail of mnFKx)ore fent out an Eiu^ lith privateer which lay in the road, with one of lut own officers, to fee if they could difcover them at fea, and what they were; but (he rctutaed the next day, having made no difcovery. Nov. 2, Captain Norris, at hisownrequeft,bein(rin an ill ftate of health, with theconfent of the Conwto- ^, 4 0^ dem ^- jn,v €■■ 338 Commodore (atterwanis L o i< o) A N S O N's > « T. ft^''* dore quitted the commami ot the Gloucclter, in order to return to England. The Glouceftcr was hereupon given to Captain Mitchell, the Pearl to Captain Kidd, the Wager to the Hon. Captain Murray, and the Trial floop to David Cheap, our Firft Lieutenants and one of the Lieutenants of the Glouceftcr had t ber of the fick in the fame interval had increafedto cjG; and this very day wc had three men die. Before our departure the Commodore took every precaution to prevent a fcparation; but confidcring that, in fuch boirterous leas as wc were about to en- counter, he hiinfelf might be difabled, he called the officers together, and in a full council fo ordered it, that, if but one iliip efcaped, the expedition fliould not be abandoned. Proper phxes of rendezvous were ap- pointed ; thetime was fettled for (laying at thefc places ; and, if the Commodore did not arrive in that time, the Captains were ordered to put themfelves under the command of the fcnior, and to proceed without farther delay. The 22d in the morning, we had very (loritiy wea- ther, with fomeanifh fquadron, commanded by Admiral Pi&rro, the fame who ^t fo great a name among them for his condu(fl in bringing nome their Rota fate into Port Andero the lad year, eluding the vigilance of our fquadrons who waited for them off Caoiz, and was therefore looked on as the propcrcft perfon to be fcni to intercept us. We (hould not have been difplcafcd, however, to have met them with our whole force, and did not much doubt to have either dcflroyed or difabk-d them. But the time of their dcArudion was not yet come ; their miferable fate (hall be related in its proper place. We were now, being the 1 8th, failing along fliore for the harbour of St. Junan. I found the tide to fct here N. and S. about a mile an hour. The time of flowing here on the full and change days is N. E. by E. and S. W. by VV. nearcft. We fent one of our boats with an officer iivfhorr, to found and endeavour to difcovir the mouth of the harbour. At fix in the evening we came to an aiKhor in 1 1 fathom water. At eight the lieutenant returned, having found the harbour. We lent aihore our boats to make farther difcoverics, and to endeavour fomc to get frelb water, and others to procure fait, (of which Sir J. Narborough obfcrved, when he was here, that in February there was enough of it to load rooo (hips) for the ufe of the fquadron in the South Seas. We continued here till the 27th, during which time we (tovc moft of our empty cafks, in order to clear our (hips as much as polTible, and got up and mounted fuch of our guns as we had before ftruck dow n into the hold in order to eafe the (hips ; for now, not knowing how (oon we might meet with the SpaniHi fquadron, it was neeclTary to have them all in rcadi- ncfs. We could (ind no fre(h water here, and but a very (inall quantity of fait, and no other rcfrcdiments whatever; all the country, as far as we could difcovcr, being quite barren and defolate. We got fomc pro- vifions out of the Anne vidualler on board each of the other (hips, repaired the Trial's maft, and affiAed her and the vidlualler to overhaul and new-(ix mo(l of their rigging. Having toft the hopes of a fupply of water here, we were put to the allowance of one quart a man for one day, and three pints for anaUier, alternate- ly ; but, confidcring our palTagc had hitherto proved extremely (bormy and cold, and a dead time of the year coming on very fa(t, it was thought proper, in order to keep the people in as good heart as pofTiblc, to give them whole allowance of all other provifions, which was ordered accordingly. Here we farther fecured our lower-deck guns, by nailing quoins under the trucks, in cafe the tackles, breechings, or iron-work, might give way, or fail in the (tormy weather which we had much rcafon to expcdl. Here likewile the Commodore removed the Hon. Cipuin Murray into the Pearl, in the room of Captain ividd; and Captain Cheap into the Wagerin the room of Captain Murray. He advanced Mr. Charlr^ oaunders, kis fird lieutenant, to be commander of the Trial Sloop, in the roopi of Captain Cheap ; and made Mr. Piercy Brett, firft lieutenant of the Glouceftcr, fecond lieutenant of his own (hip. The Trial being repaired, and the Pearl, who had thrown about 14 ton of water overboard when chafed by the Spaniards, being fup- 4 plied from the other fliips, we made ready to iiroriciiic our voyage. This harbour Of Port St. Juli«n is a Ixirrrd hnrbniir only lit to receive fniall (liipi and vcfllls. VVV l.iy uti in the tOti\ about two miles from the mouth ot it. It is not to be fccn open from where we lay, one point (hutting in another; and before any fmall fliipor vr(U| pretends to venture into the harbour, thcv oii(^lu to fend in their boats at few w ater, and fix poles or buovi on theends of the(haals, which, in a manner, block tin the palTagc. The country about it is prettv imuh on the level, except a few c«f)ling hilk)cks to the nurih. w.trd, and a pretty high one m the bay, \\ hiiii htm W. ff. W. from the place where wc Jay at am hor. The latitude of Port St Julian is 49 deg. i o min. S. nl longitude from London 6y deg. 48 min. W, and the variation of the compf^i 17 deg. 20 .nin. li. We had here uncertain boitterous weather, with nnuh rain fome fnow, and generally thick fog, with fo iiuich wind and feaas made u»ridr hard, and hallcncd our lirmt- ture from this uneafy situation. Sir John Narborough and fome others write, that they have often fcen aind convctfcd with the inliabitants in this and other puts of Patagonia, and huve given wonderful defcriptions of them ; but as \vc faw none of them, I have nothing to fay of that fort, nor imitcd ilo I think there is arw thing in this wild part of the world worthy of the km notice. The a7th, at fix in the morning, we made the (Igna), weighed, and put to fea ; but the Glourcllcr being long in weighing her anchor, and the weather proving thu k and hazy, wc foon loft light of her, and at one in the afternoon, tacked, and lay by for her coming up j m feven we fired a gun, a fignal for her. and (oon alter ftic joined us, having broke her main-yard in the fiii^. Previous to our kaving this port, a council was held on board the Centurion, at which all the odicers by lea and land attended, when it was propofed by the (kiin- modorc, that their firft attempt, after their arrival in the South Seas, (hould be the attack of the town of Bal. divia, the principal frontier of the diftricl of Chili. To this propofition the council unanimoufly agrcni; in confequence of which, new inllrudtions were given to the Captains of the fquadron, by which theyurf direded, in cafe offepantion, to rendezvous at t: , iftand of Neuftn Senoro del Secoro, and thrrc cruilc for 10 days; after which, they were ordered to repair to the height of Baldivia, and there between 40 cK and 40 deg. 30 min. to continue to cruifc 14 longer; and, if in that time they were not joined bv ;he reft of the fquadror they were then to quit that ftation, and dircd thtii courfc tothciftand of Juan Femande?.. March the 4ih, in the morning, we palTed by the Streights of Magellan, fo near that we faw thciii very plain; the northernmoft point of which, known by the name of Cape Virgin Mary, 1 found to be in the lati- tude of 52 dec. 28 min. S. longitude from London 70 deg. 5 5 min. W. variation of the compafs 1 8 deg. 43 min. E. the foundings, when it bears about S. W. by W. at the diftance of eight leagues, from 32 to 50 fathom, the bottom black-grey fand and mud. The afternoon of this day being very bright and clear, with fniali breezes, inclinable to calm, moft of the Captains took the opportunity of this favourable weather to pay a vifit to the Commodore ; but, while they were in com- pany together, they were all greatly alarmed by a fud- den flame which burft out on board the Centurion, nod which was fuccceded by a cloud of fmoak. IfowcMt, they were (oon relieved from their apprchcnfions, by receiving information, that the blaft was occalioncil by a fparkof (ire from the forge lighting on fomc giin- powelcr, and other combuftibles, which the olliccts ct board were preparing for ufe, in cafe we fliould tall in with the Spanilh fleet ; and that it had been cxtinguilhid without any danger to th " (h'p. The 6th, in the morning, wc faw the land of Terra del Fufgo, conlifting of higli crapg^ hills towering abovi ■^H'M. M. ,*■ Lllil ■!! JhUl.t /r./tu-tl-.i V/.Y* .// lH/ JUi^»iJn»i>.M>*JhlfH»^itrJltw. /t^%\ iSfllfl urf^ifell.:.! 5 \itt,f Aitt.t ' 7^u/..w^> > IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^ ^ 4o ///// •> V^W 1.0 I.I |^|28 •so "^^ u ^ 2.5 2.0 1.8 1 1-25 1.4 1.6 ^ 6" ► <^ ^/ ^f >3r PhotDgraphic Sdences Corporation :^1W. -ST MAIN STREET •MaSTER, N.Y. M580 (71*) e79.4.'iC3 ? 4ro U, % 'i \ :'r' ■■i.i:>i< . t V O V A G E R O 4jf N D the W O R L D. 34( ^hnt etch Mhdr. nicAly eotered tvith fnblv. witti de«p horrid valleys, fome few fcattered trees, no plains, nor rnechearfal.gttenithioagh'all the dilhial profpedt; fo. ihitthe whde titty M>t iiMprbperly be tel-med the Land i lyf Defolation ; and 1 iBuCh qaeuiom whettHerU more> dreary afpeft is to be Tecn in any other part of the liabitahlc earth i for vbyagers (ky this is inhabited, but furely its inhabitants muft be the moft miferabie of human beings. This evening we lay by, that we might tiot overihoot the Straits of Lc Maire in the nijgnt: though I believe, had we kept on, and paflTed round Staten Land, a fitiall ifland or two, which lie to thie taftward of thofe flraits, and together with Terra del Faego frame thcHi, it would have been nnore to our «dvlntage tha»by paffing throu^ therfi. The 7th, at eifeht in the mornTng, Wc werfc *ery near , a point of land on Terra del Fuego, called Cafie St. lames, bearing E. S. E, another called Cape St. Vin- cent. S. E. half E, the ittiddlemoft bfthe Three Bro- thers, being three high hills on Terra del Fuego, ap- paringalmoft contiguous to each other, S. by W. and t very nigh fugat.loafhiU, called Monte Gorda, fiirther lip in the eoatsty, and appearing above them, iwre fouth from Mi. It is by thefe marls that you know yOii tlk near Strait Le Maire ; and indeed we began to open them in thik pofition. By noon we were almoft through them, being alltfted by a very ftrong tide with tnuch rippliii^, ana «hich made to the fouthward fomcwhat before 10 o'clock in the morning. The courfe through is alinoft diredHy (buth, and there are no ihoals nor rocks in the paflTagc from whence you nay incur any dan(>;cri the only thine you have to fcar is, the tide's turning againft you while you are in the flrairs, for in that cafe you are certainly hurried back , again, and can have no paflage there till the nekt turn of the tide. The breadth of this ftrait may lie about fix or feven leagues, and its length about fevcn or eight ; which being paflcd, you enter into a Vaft open ocean, commonly known by the name of the South Sea. This (trait lies in latitude 55 deg. S. longitude fiom London 67 deg. ^o mln. W. variation of the com- pafs J I detf. 36 min. E. foundings in the ftraits from 4) to 5S nthom, the bottom black fand and pcbblc- ftories. In palling through here, our joy wis incrcafcd by the brigntnefs of the (ky and the fercttitvof the weather, wnich vias indeed remarkably pleaiingf for though the winter was now advancing apace, yet the morning of this day, in its brilliancy and hnildnefi, gave place to lione we had fecn fihcc our departure from England. But we here foUnd what was conftant- ly verified by all our obferi'ations in thefc high lati- tudes, that fair M-cathcr was ever the forerunner of a fuccecding Oorm, and that funfhine and tempcft fol- lowed one another like light and fhadc. vVe had fcarcdy reached the fouthcrn extremity of the ijtraiti, when the ferenity of the (ky, which had fo much flat- tered our expedlations, was all at once obfcured, the wind (hiftcd to the fouthward, and the fca began to fweli to an aftonifhing height. Before night the tem- pcft arofe, and the tide, which had hitherto favoured us, turned furioufly againfl us; fo that, inflead of pur- fuingour intended coUrfe, wc were driven to the eaft- ward, by the united force of wind and current, with fo much precipiution, that in the morning wc found our- filves fevcn leagues to the call ward of Strait Le Maire. Frum this time wc had fuch a continual fucccffion of tempcfhious weather as furprized the oldeft and moft experienced mariners on board, and obliged them to confcfs, that \*hat they had hitherto called ftorms were inc()rt!idcrable gales compared with the violence of thcfc winds, which raifcd fuch (hort and at the fame time fuch mountainous waves, as greatly furpalTed in danger all fcas known in any other part of the globe : and it was not without reafon that this unufual ap- pearance filled us with continual terror t for, had anv one of thcfe waves broke fairly over us, it muft in all probability have fcnt us to the bottom. Nor did we el'capc with terror only ; for the fhip rolling incclTantly gunwalcto, gave us fuch quick and violent motions, Ko. 41. that the men vt^re iii perpbtual danger of being dafhe^ againft the rriaftsor (ides of the (hipi: and though We were extrchicly careful to fecurfc buyfelvcs from thefc fhOcks by grafping at fome fixed body, yet many of out people were forced frortl their holds, fortieof whom were kilted, and others greatly injured; in particular, cnc df our beft feamen was carried over-board and drowned, another diflocated his neck, a third was thrown into the main hold, and brok^ his thigh, and one of our boatfwain's nhates brok6 his collar-bone twice; not to mention mkny other accidents of the fame kind. Thefe tcmpfefts, fo dreadful in themfelves, though un- attended by any other unfavourable circumftancc, weife fcndettd more'mifchievous to us by their inequality, and the deceitful intervals which they at fome times afforded; for, though we we're often obliged to lie-to for days together under a reefed mizen, and were fre- quently reduced to lie at the mercy of the waves undcir ouF bare poles, yet now and then we ventured to make fail with our courfes double reefed ; and the wfcathejt proving more tolerable, would perhaps encourage us tb fet our top-fails : after which, the wind, without any i>reVious notice, would return upon us with redoubled brce, and would in an inftant tear our fails from this yards. And, that no circuniftance might be wanting which could aggravate our diftrefs, thefc blafts generally brought with them a great quantity of fnow and fleet, wh^'-h cafed our rigging, and froze our tails, thereby rendering them and our cordage brittle, and apt to fnap upon the flighteft ftrain, adding inexprefTiblc dif- ficulty and labour to the working ofthe (hip, benumb- ing the limbs of the people employed in handing the fails, or handling the ropes, and making them incapa- ble of exerting themfelves with their ufual aftivity, and even difabling many by mortifying their tots and fingers. And now, as it were to add the finifhing ftroke to our misfortunes, our people began to be univcrfally afflidlcd wifh that moft terrible, obftinate, and, at fea, incurable difcafe, the fcurvy, which quickly made a moft dread- ful haVock among us, beginning at firft to carry off two or three a day, but loon increafmg, and at laft carry- ing off eight or ten; and as molt of the living were very ill ot the fame diftcmpcr, an 1 the little remain- der who prcfervcd their healths better, in a manner (^uite worn out with incefTant labour, I have fome- timcs fecn four or five dead bodies, fome fown up in their hamhiocks, others not, waftiing about the decks, for want of help to bury them in the fca. But as the particulars of all the various difafters and fuffcrings of various kindithat befcl us, would be cndlefs, I fliall only mention a few. The loth, I ith, and i ath, very ftormy weather, with fnow and fleet, and a very great overgrown lea from the S.W. The 1 5th one William Baker fell overboard and was drowned. The i6th, the Anne pink, which had fepa- rated from us the i ith in the ftorm, again joined us, in lat. 59 deg. 30 min. S. Fart ofthe 17th, i8th, and 19th, very ftrong gales, and a great rolling fea Tfom the N. W. The 1 8th, we had again ftrong gales of wind with ex- treme cold, and at midnight the main-top-fail fplit, and one of the ftraps of the main dead-eyes broke. The 23d, and part of the a4th, a moft violent ftorm of wind, hail, and rain, with a very lofty fea. The 23d, in the evening, we fprung the maiiv-top-fail yard, and fplit the main-fail into rags, the grcateft part of which was blown overboard. On thele accidents we furled all our other fails, and lay-to under a mizca. The latter part of the 24th proving more moderate, we bent a new main-fail, got down the broken main* top-fail yard, and ^ot up and rigged another in its place. The 25th, it blew a very hurricane, and reduced us to the neceflily of lying-to under our bare poles. As our (hip kept the wind better than any of the reft, we were obliged in the afternoon to wear (hip ; in doing of Which, wc had no other expedient but clapping the helm a weather, and manning the forc-flirouds ; in the 4 I^ execution * - 342 Commodore (afterwards Lord) ANS©N's execution of )*'hirh we had one of our beft men canted overboard, ^e perceived, that, notwithftanding the Srodigious agitation of the waves, he fwam very rong; and it was with the utmoft concern that we found ourfelves incapable of aflifting him. Indeed we were the more grieved at his unhappy fiitc, as we loft fight of him ftruggling with the waves, and con- ceived, from the manner in which he fwam, that he might continue fenfibic for a confiderablc time longer of the horror attending his irretrievable lituation. The 26th being fomewhat more moderate, we found two of our main-fhrouds broke, which we repaired; we likcwife bent our main-top-fail, and made fail. The 30th, in the evening, the Gloucefter made a lignal of diftrefs ; and, on fpeaking with her, we found ihc had broke her main-yard in the flings; an accident the more grievous, as it tended unavoidably to delay us in thcfe inhofpitabic latitudes, where every moment we were in danger of perifhing. The weather proving favourable, all the carpenters were ordered on board the Gloucefter, and next day fhc was ready to fail. The 3d, 4th, jth, and 6th of April, a continued ftormof windand rain ; adrcadfulfea,and very cold wea- ther. We lovi-ercd our yards, furled our courfcs, and lay ^by forthcmoft part undera ir.izzcn andmizzen-llay-fail. The 3d, about 1 1 o'clock at night, a raging fca took us on the larboard quarter, where it ftove in the quarter gallery, and ruihed into the fhip like a deluge. For fomc time it laid the fliip down upon her fide ; but flie providentially righted again, though flowly; it threw down and half drowned all the people on the deck, broke one of the ftraps of the main dead-eyes, and fnapped a mizzen and puttock fhroud. This was the grcateft fea which we had encountered fince we came mtnthofc parts, and we met with but one fuch ftrokc more in the » hole vmagc; two or throe fuch fuccceding iiitift certainly have tent us to the bottom. The 7th, 8th, 9th, and loth, continued very ftormy and fqually, with fnow, hail, rain, and a large fea; the weather continuing vcr)' cold. The 8th, at four in the evening, the Anne pink made a fignal of diftrefs ; and, on fpeaking with her, we found fhc had fprurtg her fore-ftay, and the^^mmoning ; of her bowfprit. This was the more unfortunate, as ' none of the carpenters were yet returned from the Gloucefter. Nor was the Anne the only ,fbip that fuf- fcrtdinthis lUiriu; the Wager loft her mizzen-maft and main-rop-fail yard, owing to the badnefs of the iron work. In this dilemma we were obliged to bear away till thefc ftiips had made all faft. The loth, foggy and hazy. This afternoon the Se- vern and Peart were far a-ftern, and fecmcd to me to lag defigncclly. \Vc made a vciy eafy fail all day, and lay by at night, and fired feveral guns as a fignal for them to join us ; the weather being pretty moderate, and the >vind fair lor them, they might havt ctfcded it with cafe. By the clofc of the evening we could but juft fee them, and from that time faw them no more, ilowcver, wc heard afterwards in the South Seas, by letters taken on board fome of the Spanifh fhips of their arrival at Kio Jaocico in the Brazils. The 15th, the weather proved fomewhat more mo- derate. At half an hour paft one in the morning we faw two illands right a.head, at about two leagues dif- tance ; we innnciTiately wore our fhip, and ftood off to the fonthward. Thofc iflands were very unexpeded, as well as unwelcome, we imagining we had been to the w'cftward of all lands and idands of the coaft of Terra del I'ucgo; but we now found our miftake, and that there \i.u a ncccfTity of our ftanding farther to the louthward, in order to gel a futficient welling. Thofe iOands 1 find to lie in the latitude of 54deg. 20 min. S. longitude from l./indon 84 deg. 10 min. W. Mr. Winters fuppofes the land we tell in with on this oc- cafion to be Cape Noir, and a part of Term del Fucgo. From this tune to the 23d we had nothing re- markable, the weather continuing very uncertain and variable, with a large fca and a very cold air; and the s 1 ft, at nine at night, %c were in the latitude of 60 dcg. ;# 5 min. S.. being the greateft foUth latitude vre made during the voyage. The 23d, very hard galea and fqualis, with much This evening we loft fighi of the Glouceftct, ram. Wager, Trial, and Anne pink, being all the remainder of our fbuadron, after the defcdion of the Severn and Pearl. The Wager's unfortunate cataftrophe is well known; the others afterwards joined us at Juan Fer- nandez, as fhall be related in its proper place. The 34th, 2cth, and 26th, the wind being moftly fair, though ftill blowing hard, we made pretty good runs under an eafy fail to the nonh-wcftward. I'hc 24th it blew a hurricane, and the men endeavouring to hand the topfails, the clew-lines and bunt-lines broke, and the fheet being half flown, every feswi in the forcl topfail was foon fplit from top to bottom, and the main-topfail fhook fo ftrongly in the wind, that it car- ried away the top lanthomt and endangered the head of the maft ; however, at length, fome ^of the mod daring of our men ventured upon die yard, and cut the fail away clofe to the reeft, though with the utmoft ha- zard of their lives, whilft at the fame time the tiwe- topfail beat about the yard with fo much fury that it was foon blown to fhrcds : nor was our attention to our topfails our fole employment ; for the mainfail blew loofe, which obliged us to loyfcr the yard to fccure the fail, and the fore-yard being likcwife lowered, we lay to under a mizcn. The 2 jni, we found mi^h of our running rigging broken, which we repaired. The 27th, we bent other topfail* in the places of thofe fplit. Nothing more remarkable the reft . of this month and the firft week in the next, but ftormy uncertain wea- ther,and great ficknefs and mortality among ourpeoplc. Friday, May 8, at feven in the morning, law the main land of Patagonia appearing in high mounuins covered moftly with fnow. Wc likewife faw fever.l iflands, one of which ^c took to be the Ifland del Soccoro, fo called by Sir John Narborough, in his ac count of his voyage into thofe parts: and from the fine defcription this gentleman had given of this ifland, (having been there in the very height of fummer), this place was appointed for our firft general rendcz. vous in the South Seas. An unhappy appointment it was inits confequcnccs; for when the people, already reduced to the laft extremity, foi id this to be the place of rendezvous, where they had hoped to meet the red of their compnions with joy, and what a miferable pan of the world it appeared to be, their grief gave way to dcfpair ; they faw no end of their fuffcrings, nor any door open to their fafety. Thofe who had hitherto been u ell and in heart, now full of dcfpon- dency, fell down, fickened, and died ; and, (o funi up this melancholy part, I verily believe, that our touch* ing on this coaft, the long fbiy we made here, and our hinderance by crofs winds, which we fhouldhavt avoided in adiredl courfeto Juan Fernandez, loft us at leaft 60 or 70 of as ftbut and able men as any in the navy. This unfpcakable diftrefs was ftill aggravated by the difficulties we found in working the fliip, as the fcurvy had by this time dcftroyed no Icfs than 100 of our men, and had in fome degree affedlcd alniotl the whole crew. It were, indeed, cndlcfs to recite mi. nutcly the various difaftcrs, fatigucs,and terrors, which we encountered on this coaft; all thefe went on in- creaiing till the 22d of May, at which time the fury uf all the ftorms which we had hitherto experienced, fcemed to be combined, and to have confpired our dc- ftruiilion. In this hurricane ahnoft all our fails were fplit, and great part of our ftanding rigging broker.; and, about eight in the evening, a mounuinous over- grown fca took us on our ftarboard Quarter, and gave us fo prodigious a ftiock, that feveral of our IhruiiJs broke with the jerk, by which our mafts were in daiu gerof coming by the board; our ballaft and llores ino were fo ftrangcly fhiftcd, that the fhip heeled alter- wards tw6 ftreaks a-port. Indeed, it was a moil ttc- racndous blow, and we were thrown into the utmuft coaftcrnation, from the apprchcniion of inflantiy foundering. Our def.Iorable licuation allowing no Ion* gcr nadc :■**■■ w efter, inder I and well Fcr- noftly good The ngto >roke, fore. i the :car. head mod lit the Ua. fore. lat oour blew •e the lay to f our The fplit. 1 and wca- coplc. IV the It cver.l i del is ac. n the nand, imcr), ndcz. cnt it ready place creft arable gave rings, I had fpon. II up uch. louj- have us at I the 'atcd ! the )00f I the hiih in- ■yof ccd, dc. vcrc Lcni I'cr- ;avc lids ^: too itr- fCc. lult "If {cr >» «^ VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD, -U.M. 343 ■^^ II Bcrany room for deliberation, wc ftood for the idand of Juan Fernandez; and, to favc time, which was now very precious, our men dying four, five, and fix in a day, we endeavoured to hit the ifland upon a meridian courfe. On the 28th of May, being nearly in the pa- rallel in which it is laid down, we cxpcded to have fcen ir, and indeed the Cor ,. lodorc was perfuaded that he did fee it; but all the other officers being of opi- nion that it was only a cloud, to which the haaincfs of the weathergave too muchcolour, wc made fail to the eaftward, and by fo doing loft near 14 days in reco- vering our welling again. This was a mod fatal dif- appointmcnt ; for in this run we loft about 80 of our men, which, probably, had the Commodore's advice been attended to, would moft of them have been^aved. The 8th of June, at fix in the evening, we at length faw the ifland of Juan Fernandez, bearing N. by E. half C. about 1 j or 16 leagues off. The loth, at two in the morning, wc anchored in 56 fathom, clofe under the N. E. end of the idand. At 10 in the morning of the nth, wc with much labour and difficulty weighed our anchor, and at noon happily moored our fnip in the Great Bay, about a mile from the Ihore, in 52 fa-- thoni water, to our incxprclfibic joy, having been from St. Katharine's in the Brazils to this place 148 days, oi; fuch a dreadful and fatal paffagc as I believe very few other ptrfons ever experienced. "The nth, at two in the afternoon, the Trial (loop appeared in the lofling. We ihimcdiatcly fcnt foinc of our hands on boaid hrr, by whoft alTiftancc flic was brought to an anchor between us and the land. We foon found that the (loop had not been exempted from the like calamities whicn wc had fo feverely felt ; for her Commander, Captain Saunders, waiting on the Commodore, informed him, that, out of his fmall com- plement, he had buried 34 of his men: and thofc who recovered were fo univerfaliy affiidled with the fcur\7, that only himfelf, his Lieutenant, and three of his men, were able to ftand by the fails. The fame day wc got out our long-boat, and fcnt heron (liorewith materials for building tents for the lick, and with orders to bring on board fomc water. The 1 jth, we fent our pinnace to aflilt the Trial, (he hcfng driven from her anchors to fea, by the violent flaws o( wind which blow off the high lands. This and the next day we put afhorc 75 lick men, in fo weak a condition, that we were Obliged tocarry them out of the (hip in their hanimocks.ania to convey them after- wards in the fame manner from the water-fide over a ftoney beach to the tents prepared for their reception. In this work of humanity, not only the otliccrs, but the Commodore himfrif, cheartiilly lent their alHllance. The, 1 7th, the Trial tame again to an anchor, and mooral. This d.-iy and the next wc fent on (horc the remainder of our lick people, the whole number now on Ihore being i ^5, many of whom, being too far "one in the fciirvy, dird one after another to the number of not lefs than frtfy. Wc now began to fend on fliore inatrrials for tents for the coopers, fail-makers, and Ibnie of the officers -, a copper oven which wc had with us for baking loft bread for the (hip's compan) , and the fmith's foi^c for making or repairing fucn iron-work as was necellhry : and, alter a (hort interval of relaxation, all hands were bulily employed, fume in cutting large quantities of wood for the (hip's ufe, tome in makmg charcoal for the I'inith, and for a farther (lore; the bakers in baking bread, the coopers in making up and cleaning the cafks for water, the lail-mnkcrs in mending the failsend luak- ii\gothers; Ibmc in (idling for the lick, and the reft were otherways crnployed : and here being very great plenty of fine filn, all taken by the hook, two or three people cwild never fail to take us as much in about two houn as nil the (hip's company could cat : befiilcs this we took great quantities for faking and curing; and Tome private (lerlons who had huoks and lines hlhcd for themfelves, and never failed of enough for their own >fc, and to give to thofc who had none. The people on board were employed in cleaning the diip, which was in a very filthy condition, and in drip- ping the marts, and overhauling the rigging. One of the boatfwain's mates, with fomc adillants, having run up a rope-walk on fliore, was employed in making what fmall cordage we might want; others in watering, and, in Ihort, in every thing that might contribute to put us in as good a condition, and in as iliori; a time as pofli- ble i and as fall as the lick recovered, they were put on the like employments. At firft fight of this idand, it appeared with a moft unpromifing al'pedt, being cxti-mcly mountainous, rugged, and irregular; but, upon our nearer appro.ich, it unproved upon US; and whin we were landed, wc founcl all the vegetables which arc ufually cftcemcd to be peculiarly adapted to the cure of thole fcorbutic dif- orders which arc contraded by fait diet, and long i^on- tinuance at fea ; for here we found water-creflcs And purdain, wild-forrcl, and Sicilian-radillies, in profii- lion. "Thefc vegetables, not to mention the turneps which now abound in every plain, w ith the filh and flelh wc got here, were not only grateful to us in the ex- treme, but were likewife very rcfrtfliing to the fick, and contributed not a little to the recovery of thofc who were not already too far advanced in the diforder to admit of relief; .ind to the rclloring of others to their wonted vigour, who, though not apparently under the malignancy of the didempcr, and its baneful con- comitants, were yet greatly debilitated, by continual watching and anxiety of mind, from which not a foul on board was exempt. During the time of our refidencc here, wc found the inland parts of the idand no ways to fall fliort of the fanguine prcpoflcHions we had firft entertained in its favour; for the woods, whiclj covered moft of the fteepeft hills, were free from all buflics and under- wood, and aftbrded an cafy paffage through every part of them ; and the irregularities of the hills and preci- pices, in the northern part of the idand, neccirarily traced out, by their various combinations, a great num- ber of romantic valleys, moft of which had a dream of the cicareft water running through them, thattumbled in cafcades from r(Kk to rock, as the bottom of the valley by the courfe of the njighbouring hills wa- at any time broken into a fudden diarp dcfccnt. Some particular fpots occurred in thefe valleys, where the rtiades and fragrance of the contiguous woods, tlie loftinefs of the over-hanging rocks, and the tranfparency and frequent falls of the neighbouring ftrcams, preftnted fcenes of fuch elegance and dignity, as would with difficulty be rivalled in any other part of the globe. It is in this place, perhaps, rhat the (imple produdions of unaflifted nature may be faid to excel all the fidi- tious defcriptions of the moft animated imagination. The fpct where the Commodore pitched his tent, and where he chofe, during his ftay, to fix his refidencc, ex- ceeded in beauty any thing that words can be fuppofed toreprcf.-nt. It was a delightful little lawn, that lay on an eafy afcent at the diftance of about half a mile from the fea, and was probably the very fpot on whiclx Shelvook twenty years before had pitched his tent. In front there was a large avenue cut through the woods to the fea-lide, which doping to the water with a gentle defcent, opened a profpea to the bay and the fliips ac anchor. This lawn was fcreencd behind by a tall wood of myrtle fwceping round it in the foim of a theatre, the dope on which the wood ftood rifing with a much (barper afcent than the lawn itfelf, though notfo much but that the hills and precipices within land towered up confiderably above the tops of the trees, and added to the grandeur of the view. There were, befides, two (Ireamsof chryftal water, which ran on the right and left of the tent, within an hundred yards Jiftance, and were diadcd by the trees that fkirted the lawn on either fide, and completed the fymmetry of the whole. Add to thefe, the gentle oiurmurings of thcdidant brooks, the mufic of the birds among the myrtles, the fweec aromatic odour of the Ipicc-trces that every where perfumed the air with their fragrance, and you may (brm in imagination a faint idea of this kcond para^ dife. mm mi i»,i<.-,A/*'i>'^ 344 Commodore (afterwards Lord) A N S O N'b dife, which could only be exceeded by the pcrfo^ion of the firft. It is aftonifliing, that, among all the voyagers who have viiitcd this fortunate itland before us, and who have obliged the world with defcriptions of it, none of them have mentioned a charming little bird that, with its wild, various, and irregular notes, enchants the ear, and muKcs the woods refound with its melody. This untutored choiriflcr is fomcwhat lefs in fizc than the goldfinch, its plumage beautifully intermixed with red and other vivid colours, and the eolden crown upon its head fo bright and glowim;, when fcen in the full light of the fun, that it furpailcs all defcription. Thefc little birds are far from being uncommon or unfamiliar ; for they perched upon the branches of the myrtle«trees fo near us, and fung fo chearfully, at if they had been confcious we were (trangcrs, and came to give us wel- come. There is, befides the above, another little bird, un- noticed by any former writer, and which fccms like- Mifc peculiar to the ifland, and confequently without a name ; it is ilill lefs than the former in fize, but not inferior in beauty, though not fo mufical ; the back, wings, and head, are of a lively green, intermixed with fine (hining golden fpots, and the belly a fnow white ground, with ebony coloured fpots, fo elegantly varied as no art can imitate. To the catalogue of birds men- tioned by former writers as inhabitants of this ifland, fhould alfo be added blackbirds and thruflies very like thofc in Endand; and owls, but of a diminutive fize. Of four-footed animals we faw none but dogs, cats, rats, and goats; and of the latter but few, as the dogs of various kinds, grey-hounds, maftifts, pointers, fnanicls, and mungtcis, have thinned them in the plains, and driven theni to the inacceflible mountains ; yet fome were fliot by the hunters, and nxre preferred by them to the bed venifon. Among thofe prefented to the Commodore were two or three venerable through age, that had been marked more than thirty years be- fore by Selkirk, who trained them for his fport, ilit their cars, and turned them loofc to graze thr moun- tains. I remember we had once an opportunity of obfcrv- ing a remarkable difpute betwixt a herd of thofe ani- mals and a number of dogs < for going in our boat into the eaitern bay we perceived fome dogs run very eagerly upon the foot, and being willing to difcover what game they were after, we lay upon our oars fome time to view them, and at lafl faw them take a hill, where, looking a little fiuther, we obferved upon the ridge of it an herd of goats, which feemed drawn up for their reception. There was a very narrow path (kirted on each fide by precipices, in which the leader of the herd polled himfelf fronting the enemy, the rell: of the goats being ranged behind him where the ground was more open; as (his fpot was inacceflible by any txher path, excepting where this champion had placed himfelt', the dogs, though they ran up hill with great alacrity, yet when they came within about twenty yards, found they durft not encounter this formidable GoUah, for he would in&llibly have driven the firft that ;4>proached him down the precipice; they -therefore quietly laid themfelves down, panting, and did not oifer to (tit while we remained in fight. Thefe dogs have nuiltiplied prodigioufly, and have deftroyed moft of the Cats as well as goats; the rats, however, keep poflefllon, and were very troublefomc guefts in the night,, when thcy;geiKrally paid ua their , vifits. It is not eafy to determine in what manner fuch a multitude of dogs fubfift, as they are much more nu- merous thai^ all the other four-footed creatures upon the ifland. Our peqdc, indeed, were inclined to think, that they lived in a great iricafure upon the young fea- lions and fcals, and fupported their opipion by the re- . port of the failors, fome of whom kilied'the dogs for ' food, who faid they ufted fiihy : and, trul/t there is hardly any other way of accounting for the fubfiflence of thefe animals; for, as has been laid, they have aU. ready delhoyed all the goats in the acceflible paiM of 4 -- the country; fo that there now remain only a ttw amongthe crags and jprecipiccs, where the dogs can- not follow them. Thefe »tf divided into lii)aratc herds of 20 or 30 each, which inhabit diftindt fallndlcs and never mingle with each other ; by this ineani wc found it extremely diflicuU to kill ihcra, and yet we were fo defirous oif their flcfli, that we difcovercd 1 believe, all their hcnii. an4 it was ihioughti by com. paring th<:irnuMbcn, that they fcoicety exceeded 200 upon the \vholc ifland. The dqgs had deftroyed the pordellos, too^ of which former writen hove given a large account, fo that there wa« not one of them to be feen; we found indeed their burrow* in the canh which leaves no jtooni to doubt oftheir being found in' plentjr in Selkirk's xime, at well Meats, ot' which there IS now fcarccone.alive. Flefli meat being thUk extremely fcarce, our people, being tired of fifli, thou^-b excellent in their kind, at length condefcended to e»t fealt, which, by degrees, they came to relifli, and called them lamb. Of thcfc^ it being their brooding time, tiv numbers were incre> dible;-!-and likewife of the fe.\-lion, — thefc aniinalg have freouently furious battles among themfelves, prin- cipally about their females j and wo were one day fur. prized by the fight of two animals, wh^h, at firft, fecnicd different from all we had ever obferved; but, on a nearer approach, they proved to be two fea-lions that had been goritig one another with their tuflics, and were covered with blood, with which they plentifully abound. This led us to watch them more cWely, and one was obferved iaiser than the reft, and from his driving oft' other mam, and keeping a great number of fcnulcs to himfelf. he was by the feamen hu.-nour. oufly ftiled the ^ftuiw« To this prc-omineiKc, i^ow. ever, he had not arrived without many bloody conte.'h; for, on our people's attaicking him in the midft of h s feraglioof females, he mode a defpcrate defence, and, when overpowered* the fignob of his bravery appeared in numerous fears on every port of his body. We had now been, ten days on this ifland, when fome of our people from an eminence difcemcd ailiip to leeward with her cowfcs even with the horizon, with. out any other fail abroad than her main-topfail; from which circumftancq, it was immediately concluded, that it was one of our own ftiuodron ; but the weather being hazy, no definite conjeaurc could be formed con. ceming her. $h«a^in dliappeared for fome days, and we were all thrown into the deepeft concern, fearing the weaknefii:Qf. her condition hod di&bled her from working to windward, and that all her people had pc. riftied. We continued our employ till the 36th, when wc agaiti law the fame fliip; and, on her nearer approach, could diftioguift) her to be tlK Glouceften and, niak- ing no doubt of her being in diftrefs, the Commodore fcnt our boat «» board her with water and refrelhments. Wc found her in a miferable condition, not many above 100 people alive, and alnwft all thofe helplclk with the fourvy ; their water fo very (hort, that they were obliged to allow but one pint a day to a man ; and the continual flaws oflT the und, together with their being difabled in their &ils and yards, hindered thcin from getting into the bay. The next day we fent them a freiarupply of fifli, greens, waur, and men to help to work the (nip; foon after which the flaws drove thrm off again, and the ftiip appeared no more till the 30th, when at two in the afternoon Oie fired ai gun, and inade a fignot of diftrefs. She continued in this manner off andon, fometimes in fight,i and fometimes not, till July 23, during which time, though we often relieved the people on board' with water and other neceflinries, yet their fofferings were infupportable. and their whole complement were reduced to about. 96" Jiving pcribn^, all of whom muft have periflied in a fow days tnore, had not the wind proved fiivourable to bring them intp the bay; but providentially a frelh galeipfung up from the fea, and brought them to an anchor.. ,wc imme- diately fent men onboard to aflift in mooring the fliip, and cootinued our conftant afllftance aiitetwaird*, ^unog our .-» I a lew p can. I'l'aratc wc M, I com. Id 200 jcd the |>ven a to be J "^""h. I»«l ia 1 there Ht ^ .if'" ■ .' . •,. ' Y ' §f^^ ' ^ -r *^'' M-V : . 'M- ■ ■. ^^t^ ^^ ■ :^i> y u: ■ ■I;, *; l;>!y| Jt ■ '"^^ .1 . ,' ■t-0:V^^VK:: ■v^» .Ejii '/i'' ^M'^- vi' i. •'r #^ ■i}' •• :^ ■f «•)■: ft-#t/f^ }) •> :■ -^l ;> .' 'U'' im •/i ,» '•^."i •^x'i^- ■V>^' ■^. ^ M our ftay at niodorc fci ,1c Juan Ft have nufta and might reft of the On the from us wi jpj,carcd i flic being immediate This Ihip bour, on t\ Soccoro, V and where pcoplc^i 6 Ihipwreck, having exi endured i hadfecnf canoes wit cat, &:c. day or tw( their efcaf U-ft them I liy, iinde: might L thern 9pa Indians; ( gating th( them. T this port, cuckies •' iJf- r^wv!^- VOYAGE Round the W () K L D. 345 •iJ 'M r / / X - n N. ^ ^ «»»■ s SI N^ y. < \ > ^ \. < X \ \ r. our ftay at this place. 'I'lie 5th ot Augiill, the Com- ntodore fent the Trial flooptolcarch the illand of Lit- tli- Juan Fernandez, led any ot the fijiiad.on Ihould \\i\e miftaken that ifland tor the place of rcndey.voiis, and might remain there in expcdlation of meeting the reft of the fleet. On the 16th, the Anne pink, which was fcpa rated from us with the reft of the fquadron the 23d ot April, apbcarcd in light. Her arrival gave us new fpirits, ftic being laden principally with provHions, and we immediately were ordered full allowance of bread. This (liip had been about two months in a fafe har- bour, on the main land, near the fame parallel with del Soccoro, where (he had been diredled by Providence, and where (he lay in fecurity, enjoyed plenty, and her pcoplej6 in number, being once freed from their fears of tliipwreck, very foon recovered their wonted vigour, having experienced none of thofe hardfliips that were endured by the reft of the fleet. They told us they had fecn fome Indians, and one time took one of their canoes with a man, a woman, fomc children, a dog, a cat, &c. and fome implements for fifhcry; but m a day or two the whole tamily, the dog excepted, made their cfcapc from them in the ftiip's fmall boat, and left them their canoe in her (Vcad. Thofe Indians.they liiy, underftood a few Spanifli words, and probably might li.'ve fomc little correfpondcncc with the fou- thcrn ^aniards of Chili, or their nearer bordering Indians; or, perhaps, fomc of the l-'athern for propa- gating the faith may now and then have been among them. The principal rcfrcfl)ments they niet with in this port, were wild celery, nettletops, and forril ; cockles and mufclcs of an extraordinary lixe; good tlorc of gcefe, (heep, and peng'.ins. They judged it to lie in lat. 45 dcg. joxnin. S. and it may be linown by an illand which laces it, ami which the inhabitants call Inchin, and by a river in which they found excellent fidi. This vcflcl, the Anne pink, was the laft that joined us at Juan Fernandez. The remaining lliips of the fi|uadron were the Severn, the Pearl, and the Wager ftore-ihip. The Severn and Pearl, as has been already obfcrvcd, parted company otf Cape Noir, and, as wc at- tcrwards learned, put hack to the Brazils; to that of all the fliips that came into the South Seas, the Wager was the only Ihip that was milTing. Captain Cheap, who commanded her, knowing the importance of the charge he had in trull, with >ut which no enterprize on llioi. could be undertaken, was extremely Iblicitous to rej>.h Baldivia as the lall place of rendezvous, and the Cfft to be attacked, before the rcfV of the lljuadron thould have Jinithed their cmife, that no blame might reft upon him, if the attack of that city lliould be judged improper to be carried into execution. Bm, whilft this brave oflicer was exerting himfelf in en- deavouring to keep clear of the land in making the illand of del Soccoro, he hail the misfortune to ilillo- cate his (houlder, and thereby to difabic himfelf from profccuting with vigour the purpofe he had in view. 1 hf (hip being little better than a wreck, the crew in imilcrabic deljionding condition, the ofticcrs quite cx- haufted, the weather toKl and ftormy, and the wind andcurrents bo.iring in-lhorc, all thcfe unlucky cir- cumllances concurring, to entangled the tliip with the hnd, that all the elVorts of the lecble crew could not prevent her from running upon a funken rock, where the grounded between two fmall i (lauds, not a mufquet- fliot from the Ihore. In this lunation the continued iiuirc till every one on board might have reached the land in fafety, and might have Itored themfclves with provifions, and every ncceUiiry for their prefent fub' fiftencc and futur»efcape; but the moment the ihip ftruck, all fubordination <;eafed; one part of the crew gotpofi'eirionof the liquors, intoxicated themfelves in a beaftly manner, and grew frantic in their cups; ano- ther part began to furnifli thcmlelves with arms, and to make themfclves mailers of the money and things of moft value on board ; while the Captain, and fome of the priiicipal ofliccrs, endeavoured in vain to maintain No. .^1. their autliority, ami to pnlirve a propi r r.fiiplinc among them,- in order loelKctthe dcliM'rance ol as many as it was pollible from the comnioii danger in which all of them were involved; but the nuitinou.s difpodtion that prevailed rendered every effort foriheir prefcrvation inclfeiitual. Thole who remained in pof- iedionof the ihip and her flores, pointed the cai-noM, and lireil at thotc who had gained the land ; thofe at land grew riotous for want of piovitions ; nothing but anarchy antl confulion prevailed; and, what added to the catallrophc, a midfliipman nanietl Cozen i, w i\o had buiied himfelf in oppolition to all good (v.v.rninent, was, by the Captain, iliot dead upon ihc ipot. Thia put an end at once to all manner ol tublervitncy; and after this every one thought himfcU at libeity to pur- fue what fchumc he thouglil belt tor hi» own prellr- vation. Of about 1 ',0 pcrRins who reached the ihore, 30 died on the place; about 80 others, having convtitcd the long-boat into a fchooner, failed to the foutliwaid, attended by the cutter. 'Jhcle, being ditlrellid Ut want of piovilions in redoubling (ape Horn, and hav- ing loll their cutter ina ftorm, fullered unprocedenttd hardfliips in their return to thccoaft of Ut.izil, where only JO of them arrived to give an accou .■>: of the mi- ferable fate of their companions, feveial of w horn died of hunger; others del'ired to be fet on ihore ; and fome, beginning to he mutinous, they landed and dc- ferted. Of the 19 who were left hihind in Wager- Ifland with the Captain, 16 en.barked on board the barge and the ya«l, and attempted to ifcape to the northward 1 of thcfe one was drowned in the yawl, and lour were left on a dcfart part of the coall, where it is probable they all pcriflicd; the remaining n, after a Iruitlefs attempt to weather a point of land, called by the Spaniards Cape Trefnicntes, were forced to return to W.iger Illand, from whence they tirlt fet out, where meeting with a Chiloen Indian, who could fpcak a lit- tle Spanilb, they agreed with him to pilot them to Chiloe ; but, after coalling along for four days, the Cap- tain and his othccrs being on ihore, five in number, the other iix perfuaded the Indian to put to fea withoi.t them, by which the reft were reduced to the fad necef- tity of travelling near 600 miles, Ibmetimes by land, and Ibmetimes by water, till at length, after a variety of misfortunes and hardfliips not to be paralleled in romance, four of them, namely. Captain Cheap, the Hon. Mr. Byron, who lately went round the world, Mr. Hamilton, and Mr. Campbell, arrived at Chiloe, where they were received by the Spaniards with grcac humanity. After fome flay at Chiloe, the Captain and his three officers were fent to Valparaifo.and thence to St. JagO( the capital of Chili, where they continued above a year; but on advice of a cartel, the Captain, Mr. Byron, and Mr. Hamilton, were permitted to re- turn to Europe; and Mr. Campbell, who in the mean time h.id changed his religion, chofc to cmKirk for Spain ; but not meeting therewith the encouragemcnc he experted, he foon after returned to England, where he publifhcd an account of his adventures, but men- tioned not a word of changing his religion, neither doe» he afllgn his rcatbn for leaving Spain. It is very remarkable, that the place where the Wa- ger rtruck upon the rock, w as lb near the harbour where the Anne pink found ihelter during the winter, that th? Wager's people were within hearing of the pink's even- ing and morning gun, yet never had the thought to follow the found, or to look out for any flraggler from their own fquadron. On the 2ad, thv Trial arrived from feoichnig the ifland of Little F'ernandez, and reported that it lie* about 20 leagues due wcfl from this where we lay; that it is about three leagues in compafs, being very moun- tainous, with fome woods and good runs of water, w ith multitudes of goats, tifli, fea-lions, and fcals, as with US; but no fliips were to be fcen, nor any marks of an/ having been there. While we continued at Juan '"crnandez, befides our neceflary employments, we lik«wift began, and prc«y 4S far MlaAi 34'' CoMMoooK E (afterwards Lord) ANSON 'g I, if far advanced, a wharf for the better landing and em- barking fuch mrcirariti as w c had occafion for. We kept two ovens employed in baking bread for the fliips companies, two I'mith's forj^os for repairing old and fitting new iron- work, and made abundance of char- Coal K>r future nfe. The Clommodore likcwife ordered the carpenters to take a careful furveyof the Anne pink, the matter of which fct forth, that flic was in fo rotten a condition, as not to be fit to proceed nor return with- out very conlidcrable repairs; which reprcfentation upon a lurvey being found to be true, the Commodore purchpfcd her materials at a fair valuation, and or- dered her to be broke up, and her crew to be put on board the Gloucelkr, thatfliip not having hands enough left to navigate her, much Ufs to fight her, in cafe of an attack fromthe enemy. 1 his ifland lies in latitude 33 dcg. 40 min. S. and longitude 87 deg. 37 min. V\ . froml.ondon ; dillance from the main continent 105 leagues; compafs, by the bcft accounts of thofe who had been round it, 1 2 or 1 3 leagues. I'here arc two finall and very commo- dious bays within the points, which form the large one w here we lay, one to the eaft ward, the other to the wcft- vardof us, and no doubt feveral others in other parts of the illand ; variation, by an obfervation July 2, in in the morning, 8 deg. 4 min. half li. "Twas reported, that the S. W. end of the illand is much more nat and level than that where we relidcd, and the goats more numerous, but wood fcaner. On Tuefday, Sept. the 8ih, at noon, we fa v a fail at fca bearing N. K. by E. and, jKrceiving by our glalles that (lie could be none of cur fquadron, nor an ling- lifli built (hip, we fired a gun as a fignal for getting all our people on board ; and, having taken feveral men o»it of the Trial, bent our fails, fct up our rigging, and lliptour final 1 bower cable, at fix in the evening, we weighed in purfuit of her. In the morning of the next day we got down our flumps, which are gene- rally fct up in bad weather inf^ead of top-gallant malls, and in their place got up our top-gallant marts :ind yards, rigged them, and bent their fails. At ele- ven the fame niorning we muftcred and quartered the (hip's company. At noon the ifland of Juan lernandcz bore W. half S. diflance eight lt.->guesj the two next days we faw nothing of the ch;;cc, nor any thing re- markable. Saturday, .Sept. 1 2, at five in the morning we faw a fail to windward, which bore down towards us, and at aVoiit two leagues diflance flie hauled up the lee clue- garnet of her forefail, fliewed her Spanim colours, and tired a gun, which we fuppofed to be a Ijgnal concerted hct« ten her and others which came out in company with her; but we not anfwering nor regarding it, ihc haukd (Infeon a wind and flood from us, endeavour- ing to efcape ; upon which we gave chacc, and it prov- ing fometimes hazy and foggy, we were in danger of loling fight of her. About nine in the morning we tacked, and at noon coming within gun-fliot, we fired five fliot at her rigging to bring her to; but flic keeping on hir courfe, we fired four more, on which flieflrucK her colours, and furrendercd without making any op- polition. This fhip happened not to be the fame we went out after. She proved a rich mcrchant-flup, having on board i S.cxxjI. ftcrling in dollars and plate, w ith lome jewels, and abundance of gold and lilver iw ifl ; but the bulk of her cargo confiftcd in fugars and bale goods, moll of the latter liurojKan, but fonie the produce of the country. She was called the NucfVra .Senora del Monte Carmelo. She was of about 500 tons, was commanded by IXm Manuel Zamorra, and had on board 1 3 palTcngers, nioft of them perfons of fortune, amongff w hoin was the fon of the Governor of the city of St. Jugo, the capital of Chili. She came from Callao, a port of Lima, the capital of the empire of Peru, bound for Valparaifo in Chili, where thofe ftiips annually trade, exchanging filverin return for gold and corn, the latter being very fcarce in Peru. Some of tbe prifoncrs informed us. that, if we had taken her in her return from Chili to Peru, we (Uould have met with as mXith (^Id in her as we had now fbund filver. She had in the whole aboard her 67 pcrfnni, miny of them Indians and black "avci, w ho were afterwards very ufe- fulto us inadifling towards the (liip'i duty. She had been 37 days from Callao^ and wanted not above ho days fail to compleat her voyage when we took her. Wc found in tnis (hip, on fearch among the Icttcn from fome merchants in Lima to their friends in Chili an account of the fate of the Spanifh fquadron which had been fent after us, viz. that, in attempting to pafi the Cajw, they had been forced to put back, after en- countering the moft terrible (lorms and moft preflini? famine, being reduced to two ounces of bread and half a pint of uatorcach man a dayi that, betides bcini; gricvouflyattacked by the fcurvy,whichhad made greater navock among them than among us, their fhips were almofl entirely difabled, their maffs, fails, yards, riggint; and hulls in a manner fliattered and torn to pieces; that Admiral Pifarro, and one more of his fquadron, after having futfercd the greatefl extremities, had got, with the utmofl difliculty, to Buenos Ayrcs, on the River PKite; that another of the fquadron, afl)ipof7ogans, had been tntirely lofl ncai Rio Grande, and that two more had never been heard of; that on their return the^ had fecn two large fliips pafs by very near them, which they fuppofed to be two fliips of ouf fquadron', but the weather proving flormy, and the fea running mountains high, they could not interfere with or at* tack each other. Thofe fliips of ours wc believed to be the Severn and the Pearl, and hoped they were fafcly arrived at fome poit of the Brazils. Thofe let- ters came over land from Buenos Ayres to Lima, and with them came others containing .\dmiral Pifarro'j advice and inftruiiions to the Vicercy of Peru con- cerning US; wherein he told hiii\ that, though he him- fclf had been forced back in fuch a miferable condi. not having above 80 or 100 of his men livinp, tion. and his fliips in fo ill a (hte, that, till fuflicient rein- forcements could come to him from Old Spain, he could not pofTibly come into thofe feas, yet as the tjij^. lilh were a flubborn and refolutc people, and darin); enough to pcrlifl obflinately in the molt defperate un- dertakings, he did believe fome of us might poflibly get round ; but as he experimentally knew what of nc- cefllty we mufl have fuifered in that dreadful pafTagc, he made no doubt but we fltould be in a very weak and defencelefs ccndition ; he therefore advifed the Viceroy to fit out all the ftrcngth of fliipptng he could, and fend them to cruifc at the ifland of Juan Fernandez, where we muft of ncccfliiy touch to refrefli our people, and to repair our ihips; and farther advifed, that, in cafe of meetings us, they fliould not Hand to (ight or cannoiude at a diflance, in which poflibly we might have the advantage, or make our cTcape, but fhould board us at once fword in hand ; whicn mufl, if welt executed, in our weak condition, infallibly prove the means of taking us. This was a well-laid fcheme. and in purfuance of it the Viceroy equipt three fliips at Callao, one of 50, one of 30, and one of ao guns, all double manned with tht choicefl men they could pofliblv procure, and fent them to wait for us accordingly. I'hofe fhips arrived at Juan Fernandez fome time, I think, in May. and continued till about June the 6th, when, imagining that we mufl be either put back or lofl, they quitted their ftation, and failed for the port of Conception in Chili, and by this means we luckily miflcd them: had it hap- pened othcrwife, as we arrived there with only our lin. glc (hip, in fuch a defencelefs condition, and had they put their orders in execution with any tolerable degree of refolution, wc mufl in all human probability have fallen into their hands. Our prifoncrs informed ua further, that thofe fhips, during their cruife, had met with a florm, in which they had received fo much damage, that it mufl be at leaf! two months before they could again be fif t ..• gi. to fca. The whole of this intelligence was a& fnv-. ' ..^uic as we could have wiflied; and now wcwere at no '' .. rj ac- count for the frcfh marks we found a . jtvaa Fernandez, of J tml r nJMMHt ^>v*»«-.Wi^/.kH. Xv v: . • . ■■•a, ■ ■■■ -H'l .Ti^^^' . ^ ;'T*ftit'"",:w*^<' s»»«U'.« ^'^ tritw"^*' r » i - i."' t%.:.'X.\. ■ . MfcJk; ■g. ■• ^ .1 .*fti.:'!:*;,r- ;t;^; i:K.*';S^- -rt:T^''?*'-^?t*£:i2-:;a:ti.::^-f!t; :-w-.. VOYAGE ROUNI) the WORLD. 347 of that ifland's having been lately vifited by fome white people. Sunday the Tjth, having got on board moft of the prifoners of note, and all the lilver, we made fail for Juan Fernandez J and the weather proving very mo- derate, at fix in the evening that ifland bore N. W. by N. at the diftance of five leagues. At three the next morning we fired three guns, as a fignal to the (liips in the bay. At four we anchored, got in our fniall bower cable, which we had flipped at leaving the place, and moored our fliip. The 15 th we employecf in watering, and fetting up our rigging, in order to purfue our voyage. And this day, the Commodore being informed that fcveral mcrchant-fliips were now purfuing their trade without fear of any furprize, the Trial was ordered out on a cruife, and proceeded immediately. The 1 6th we got up a new top-gallant-maft, and wanting fome cordage we were fupplied with it from the Gloucefter. This and the following days, until the jgth, we fpent in getting every thing ready for fea with the unnoft expedition. The 19th we fent 28 of our prifoners on board the Gloucefter, flie being weakly manned, and thofe pri- foners being good tailors. We likewife fupplied the prize with two months provifions of all forts, at full allowance, for 20 men j put all the guns belonging to the Anne pink on board of her ; and, having left orders with Captiin Mitchell, of theGloucefter,- to burn the pink, together with her ufclefs ftores, and appointed him his ftation off the town of Payta, which is the place where the (hips between Lima and Panama ge- nerally touch to deliver part of their cargoes to be dif- pcrfed through the inland parts of Peru, with orders to fail to that ftation as foon as polTible, we weighed and took leave of our winter refidencc, in company with the prize, which the Commodore had fitted up to cruifc againft the enemy. The 2jlt, at four in the evening, we had the laft fight of this ifland, it then bearing from us W. by N. at the diftance of 17 leagues. The remaining day .9, until the 24th, \vc had variable and uncertain weather, ill which we fpllt our main-top-fail and fore-fail, and icccivcd fome other flight damage. The 24th, at five in the evening, being Ojmewhat hazy, we faw two fail to windward, on which ivc cleared Ihip, in order to be ready to engage, the largcft of the two fliips bearing down upon us. At fcvcn ftic came fo near, that we nailed her in Spanifti, and llie uiifwer- fd in Englifti, and told us, that flie was a pri/.i. taken by the Trial, and that her confort was the Trial iifclf, which was very much difabled. At eleven the next morning, there being a hard gale and high fea, the Trial fired two guns as a fignal of difirels, and bore away before the wind, and wc after her. The fame day halfan hour paft noon wc fpoke with the Trial, and fqpnd flie had fprung her main-maft, .-ind that hermain- top-maft had come by the board : and as we were all of us fianding to the eaftward next morning, with a frelh gale at fouth, flic had the additional misfortune to fpring her fore-maft t fo that now flie had not a maft left. This was a great obftruclioni for now wc had intelligence hy the Trial's prize, that there were many fliips at fea ichly laden, and that they had no apprc- henlioRs of licing attacked by us, having received in- telligence that our fquadron was either put back or dcOroyed. In the courfc, therefore, of the 48 hours wc were detained in waiting upon the Trial, 1 am pcr- fuadeil wc milfed the taking many valuable jinzcs. The refult was, that a council being called, and all the officers convened together on board our fhip, it was there concluded, that in her prefent condition the Trial could be of no farther fcrvice i and the Commodore, being rcfolved to fcparatc the fliips, in order to cruife upon the coaft to the greateft advantage, gave orders to Captain Charles Saunders, the Commander, to burn the Trial, and in her room commiflioned the Trial's prize for his Majefty's fervice, with the fame ( om- ntaniicr, officers, an^ people. This fliip, the Trial's prize, was called by the Spaniards the Nueftra Scnora deAnnzazicj but, being now qommifiioncd for his Majefty's fervice, (lie was henceforth called the Trial's Prize. She was the larceft fliip we took in thofc fcas, being between 5 and 606 tons, , and loaded with bale goods, fu'gar, and other commodities, to a con- fiderabic value, and about joool. in fpecie and wrought lilver. The 28th, at nine in the morning, we parted with the Trial and both the prizes. The .joth, we fiw the main land of Chili. This day we began to exercifc our people with finall arms, which was the firft time we had done it fincc we came into thofe fcas, and which we continued at all proper opportunities during the voyage. On the I ft of Ootobcr, wc came in fight of the high land of Valparaifo, bearing N. E. half E. at the diftance of about 14 leagues. This city lies in the latitude of 32 deg. 5 8 min. S. its longitude from London is by my account 80 deg. 37 min. W. On the jth, the Commodore, being informed that there were murmuring^ aiiiongft the people, becaufc the prize-money was not immediately divided, ordered the articles of war to be read j and after that remon- ftratcd to them on the danger of mutiny, and faid he nad heard the reafon of their difcontent, but aflured them their properties were fccured by adt of parlia- ment as firmly as any one's own inheritance, and that the iiioney, plate, bcc. were weighed and marked iii public ; fo that any capable pcrfon, if he pleafed, might take an inventory of the whole. He then read an account of the particulars, and told them they might (if they pleafed) make choice of any pcrfon to take an inventory lor them, or buy their parts. This (bread » viliblc joy, and gave content to every one. We con- tinued cruiling oft" the coaft of Valparaifo till the 8th, Wiien at twelve at night we broke the main-top-faiU yard in the flings, on which we unbent the top-fail and got down the broken yard. At ten in the morning, wc faw the high land of Choapa, and over it the Cordillera mount tins, being part of that lo.^g ridge of mountains called the Andes, which run from one end of South America to the other, appearing cxcef- fivcly high, with their tops covered with fnow. The 1 4tli, we crolTed -the fouth Tropic to the north- ward, and from this time, till we were fome degrees to the northward of the Equator, met with nothing but fair w caclier and a finooih fea. The 2 1 ft , at noon, the high land of Mono Quemado bore E. by N. at the diftniicc of tour leagues j and here we continued cruiling off and on till Is'ov. 2, when about fix in the morning, -wc law two fail of fliips (landing towards us; upon which wc made a clear lliip, and iiniiicdiatcly gave thciii chace, when we loon perceived that they were the Trial and Centurion prizes. As we had the wind of thcin, we brought to, and waited their coming up, when Captain Saunders came on board, and acquainted the C^ommodorc that he had cleared the Trial purliiant to his orders, and having fcuttled her, he remained by her till flic llmkt but that it was not till the 4th of October bctbre this was eflected, by rralbn of the great fwcll and hollow fea; that, during his attendance oi\ the flocp, they were all driven fo far to leeward, that they were after- wards obliged to rtretch a long way to the weftward, to regain the ground they had loll ; that in their cruife they had met no prize, nor had feen any velfel on aU the coaft. November the 3rd, at five in the evening, the ifland cfAlii, in latitude 13 deg. 5 min. S. longitude 84 deg, 43 min. W. bore from us N. E. by E. diftance fiv« leagues. 1 he 5th, at four in the evening, we faw the high land of Barranca, bearing N. E. by E. diftant eight or nine leagues ; and half an hour allcr wc faw a fail to the northward, to whom we gave chace, and cleared our ftiip for engaging. At ten in the evening we came up with her, fired eight guns, and took her. She came from Guaia^uil, and was bound for Callao, with timber, 34« Commodore (afterwards Lord) ANSO N's timber, cocoa, cordage, tobacco, cocoa-nuts, and a fmall trunk with bale goodsj all of little value to us, though a very confiderable lofs to the Spaniards. She was called the Santa Terefa, commanded by Don Bar- tolo Urrunaga, with between 30 and 40 people on board, palTengers included, and five or fix women, be- lides children. Ourthird lieutenant, two other officers, and a party of failors, were fent on board to command and taKc care of her ; and our other prizes being far a-ftern, occafioncd by our chafing this ftiip, we lay by till four the next morning, and fired a gun every hour as a fignal for their joining us. This day I find, by the difference of our dead reckoning and obfervations, a current to fet along this coaft to the northward of near a mile an hour. The 7th, we were employed in getting aboard fevc- ral neccffary ftores, as planks, cordage, and the like, from our lail pri/.e, for the ufe of the fquadron. The fca here appeared for feveral miles of a blood-red colour, which the prifoners informed us was common in thofe parts. This day we found aboard the prize, in fpccie and plate, 50 [X)unds avcrdupois vcight. The 9th, we brought from on board the Terefa i o fcrons of cocoa, one of wax, and 180 fathom of three and a half rope. The 10th, we brought from on board our firft prize the Cannclo, the follow ing goods, vi/.. cloth two bales, bays live ditto, fugar 1S2 loaves, firaw mats two, tar one Ikin, raifins three baits, indigo four ferons, cotton cloth one bale, hats two cafes, and 25 loofe ones, fkins one parcel, chocolate one bag, camlet one bale and two parcels, filks one bcrx, lead tour pigs, and combs one fmall parcel. The I ;th, at five in the morning, wc hv a fail, to which we gasc cha( c j but there being very little w ind, wc manned antl armed our barge, pinnace, and the Trial's pinnate, and fcnt them to take her, and at eight they boarded and took her, and brought her to us at half an hour jialV ten. She was called the Carman, ((inimanded by Signior Marcus Marina, and came out (if I'avta the day before, bound to Call.-io, laJen with iion and doih, being a \ery ^allKlble cargo. Wc found on board an Irilhman, M.imed John Williams, vho pretended hinifelt a piifoiKi- amongfi them, and uiih nituh feciHing loy eiuiied with us. He inform- t-d us, that, aiiioiigll other llii[!> in the port of Fajta, rhey left in the road a bark which was taking in 4 K),ooo doll.ii.s, w uh which ihc would fail for Panama in a day or two at farthell ; and the Spanifh prifoners being examined, and coniirming the intelligence, and farther giving Come account ot the (Irength of the place, the ComiiioJore reffllvcil to attack it this very night, and m.ide preparations accordingly. Mr. Thomas Simmers, mate of our Ihip, with one mid- Ihipman and alnnit 10 or 11 men, were fent to com- mand and take care of this lall prize. At four in the alteriKM)n, Point Nonuia Ixire M. by S. halfS. diOant right leagues. At ten at night, we fent our barge, pitinace, and Ti lal'j piniure, to attack the town of Pavta by fiupn/e. 'I'hey had 49 men well armed, and were r ommamled by the lieutenants Brett, Dcnnisi, and Hughes, who had orders, if jmlTible, to ftcure the governor of- Payta, and fend him prjfoncr on board, in order by that incalis to pffpeure a fupply of provilions, and a ranfom lor the towo. Halfan hour alter eleven we founded, and found 4 j fathom water, the ground mud, the illand- of I.obos bearing N. N. K. at the diftancc of three or founniles. At feven in the luorn- ing, poiflt'Onado, being the [wint that forms the bay (rf,.PSjxa, bore S. S. ]•'.. two miles diftant; and the '. town of Payta at the fame time began to open in a ' diretfl line with it, diflant about four miles; foon after which wc liiwour Britilh colour-; flying on the callle. At ten the Trial's Iwiat came on board, loaded with gold and (ilvcr, corn, wrought pl.ate, jewels, and rich moveables. They informed us, that they took the town about two in the morning; and that, though the Spaniards had fonic time bctorc been apprized of I our intent, they yet made a very faint reliftance, havine fired but two guns from their cattle before our men landed, and a few fmall arms afterwards, when they ail quitted the town with the greatcft precipitation. The governor and his fainily made their cfcape in fo much haftc, that his lady was handed out of a w indow with no other cloths to cover her but her fliift. AH the in- habitants fled in the like confufion, except fonic negro women and children. In this adlion wc loft one man Peter Obrian, the Commodore's fteward, who was iiiot through the brcaft by a mufquct-ball ; and had two wounded, to wit, Arthur Luflc, a quarter-inaljcr, and the Spanifli pilot of the Terefa, whom wc had made ufe of as a guide; the firft through the flefliy part of the arm near the flioulder, the fccond through the wrift but neither dangeroufly: and I have had it reported from fevcral officers then on ftiorc, that our men ran to the attack, and fired in fo irregular a manner, that it was, and ftill remains a doubt, whether thofe were not fliot by our people rather than by the enemy. The town of Payta, at the time of the attack, had a fort w ith eight guns mounted, which commanded the town and harbour; and the balcony of the governor's houfe, which again commanded that fort, together with fevcral other houfes, was lined with armed men, of which there might be about 400 in the town ; but thefe people having enjoyed a long peace, and being ener- vated by the luxury fo cuftomary in thofe parts, their arms in a bad condition, and no perfon of experience nr courage to head them, it is no wonder that they made fo fmall a refiftance, and were all driven out of the town in Icfs than halfan hour by only 49 men; but I believe the noife of two drums which we made ufe of, together with the fuddennefs of the furprize, contributed to intimidate them, and facilitated out fuccefs. On our getting poflellion of the caftle, our com- manding officer very inconfiderately oidered the guns to be thrown over the walls, which accordingly waj executed; but fome time after refleding on the ill confequrncc which might attend that proceeding, he ordered two of thenv to be got up and re- mounted. At eleven our b.ii^c cainc onboard, loaded with ■loncy, plate, and jewels. This town contains about 1 40 or 1 50 houfcs; there arc in it two chur..hes, which, together with the governor's houfe and caftic, arc the only remarkable buildings. There arc feveral Luge ftore-houfes full of rich l-tiropcan, Allan, and.Anicricia goods, all which were dellroyed when we fct the town on fire ; of which in its place. The town lies inLiti- tude 5deg. { min. S. and longitude from I.ondiin SS ckg. 48 min. W. This afternoon we employed oiir- fclvts in getting off the plunder, and provilions of ho);> and few l>, which were here in great plenty. In the even- ing we anchored in ro fithom water, the town Ixirinj; from us S. by M. half 1\. at about three miles dillancc, not being able to get farther in, by reafon of the (laws of w ind from off the land. From this time to the 1 5th, wc were employed in getting on Ixiard the plunder, which chieHy conliiledot rich brocades, laccil cloaths, bales of fine linens and woollens, Britannia's, (lavs, and the hkc; together with a great number of hogs, fome flicep and fowls, cafes of Spanifli brandies and wines, a great quantity of oniutif, olives, fweet-mcats, and many other things too tedious to name, all which the failors hoped would have been equally ciividcd among the fliip's companies, but they foimd themfelvcs difappointed. We found in the road, one Ihip, two fnows, one fchooner, and two quarter-gallics, all which wo took polTeffion of. The 14th, in the morning, wc fa» a bark-log, as they call it, being a liirt of raft made of t^ie (lumps of trees fiiftcned together, overlaid with poles, and covered with fiiiall twigs twitted mat-wife, with feveral people in her coming along ttiorc trcm the fouthw'artl. She had a fort of matt and fail in her, and at firtt light we knew not what to make of hit; and norc of our own boats being on board, wcfent the VOYAGE ROUND the W O R L U. 34? the Carmen's boat, with Mr, Langdon. a midlhipman, who commanded in the fecond place on board that (hip, and fome armed people, to purfue them, who nercciving it put on fliore, and made their cfcape over (he rocks. Mr. Langdon took their bark-iog. which he found to be laden with dried fifli, which we fuppofc they were carrying to Payta for a market. This evening the Spaniards, who had all along appeared in great numbers from the hills, and were now confider- ably increafcd, making a fliew of warlike preparations, as if they defigned in the night to attack our people in the town, they thereupon barricaded the ftrcets, and kept very ftriil watches, to prevent a furprize. Several negroes delivered themfelve^ up, defiring to be made prifoners, that they might have ibme food, and more cfpecially water, to keep them from perifliing ; for the country thereabouts being for many miles round quite barren and fandy, without cither water or any mhor thing neceflary for life, and the nearefl town to 'hem. named as I think S^ncta Cruz, whence relief might be got, being a day and a half or two days i() rncv otV, the people who had left the town were in a llirvn<; condition, and we had melancholy accounts orreven.\;;ing among them for wantchiclly of water during i>"i I'uiall Hay t and yet fo greatly were they iiitatuatc ; ot frightened, that they never oiTered to treat for th. raufom of the place, which if they had done, I believe it would not have been deftroyed ; in which ca e, thcv might have fecured to thtmfelves not I nl> the r habitations, but provifions and waler enough (till ihcy could have got a frclli recruit), which wc ihould on that condition have readily left theni. The town feems to be very unhappily fuuatcd dn that and (ome other accounts, they having no water but what i- brought them by land-carriage from feveral leij^iics off; fo that they are obliged to keep very con- liirible quantities by them in earthen jars, not only fur their own ufe, but for the lliipi who frequently touch heie, where they likewife olten unload, and take in ffilh cargoes. They are in the fame cafe as to griin, brcail, and almoll all other neceiraries of life i and lie lo open to an enemy, that the tow n has been often taken and ruined by the Englilli, Dutch, and French; all which inconveniences, one would imagine, (liould tiinpt thein to change their rttuation : but then the tonvcniency of their trade is fo great, being the only proper place they can jiitc li on for A mart between I'aiuina and Peru, that thev prefer this lucrative con- \cniciKC to all other conliderations. Aiiinng the flaves who had defired to be entertaincil inour fervice, wasone, who, having been a (lave in lainaiia, had on the death of his inadef obtained his iibcnv, and thereuiwn entered himfelf a ferv-ant to one of the South Sea Company's fadors, whom he accom- panied to Porto Uello and Panama, and there got into the ferviie of a Spanilh gentleman, who took a great fancy to him, and with whom he went to Lima in in Peru, where this mailer likcwile dying left him a very conliderable legacy ; but the power being now in the hands of his executors, they not only defrauded him of this legacy, but made him a (lave a fccond time. He was ndw at Paytd with one of his new mafters, on his pa(rage from Lima to Panama, wheii he took this opportunity to come over to us, and being, a very handy fellow, and accuftomcd to wait on gentlemen, he was immediately taken into the Commodore's fer- vice, came with us into England, and, I believe, con- tinued with him till his death. This perfon gave us fomc information of the defigrts of the Spaniards on Ihore, and told us wc had killed one or two of them, and wounded fevcntt others; but this aci ount was never, that 1 know of, farther confirmed. The 1 5th, in the mofiiiitg, wc fcnt on fliore all cur Spanilh, and fcvcral of our Iridian prifoners, keening all the blacks and fomc «f the Indians, to aflill in working the (hips, &c. to the blacks, who were all ornioH of them (laves, wii.i promifed their liberty in England, in cafe they woukl ftand by and allilt us Noi 42. againlt our enemies the Spaniards ; which they all prp- inifed very cordially : but we could foon difcovcr, that, notwithftanding their feeming condefcenfion, rilofl: of them would have much rather continued in the fervice of their old maftersj than fail to accept of liberty with US; not that I believe thofe people vere in love with (lavery, br would not willingly have had their fbcrty, but then it mud be on their own terms, the Spaniards in ihofe parts being in great awe of the Indians, whom, though they have fiihdued, and feem to have incdrporatcd among them, they ddre not trull, but keep thele blacks as guards, and ufe thein well. The truth is, thofe Indians have (Till preferved) by tradition from father to fon, the memory of the great cruelties which the firfl Spaniards excrcifed in thofe parts, and arc angry enough at their prefciu hard ufagc. They look on themfelves as the natural lords of the country, and the Spaniards as covetous intruders, and cruel in- human tyrants; and want only opportunity to make thfin fenlible of their refentment, and to recover their loll country and liberty. 'Tis on this account that the Si)aniards are very kind to their black flaves, whom they chevilli and encourage highly, and look on them in the fame light of a Handing militia, always ready to arm againft thofe Indians; lo that, though the ne- groes in all other plantations in the Weft Indies are ever ready for revolts and rebellion'!, theft on the con- trary, arc always ready to defend their kind iiiafters with their lives. In cH'ect they live very eafy, are favoured by the Sjwniards, and fcorn and infiik the poor Indians, who in return hate and dc;e(t both them and their mallei s ; that being all that is left in their power; This day an order was given to Mr. Brett, trie thcti coriunanding othcer on Ihore, to burn a;id dedroy the town entirely', the two churches, which ftood a little out 6f the way of the reft, only excepted ; the .Spaniards^ as has been already faid, never having made any ad- vance towards treating for its ranfom. But now, before I entirely quit the relation of our tranfadions at this place, it may, pcrliaps, be expcdedj that 1 (liould give a more particular account of the booty we made, and of the lofs the Spaniards fuftained. 1 have already obferved, that there were great quan- t;til'S of valuable elfeds in the town ; but, as molt of them were what we could neither difpofc of, nor carry away, the total of this merchandise can only be rudely guelfed at. The Spaniard;-', in their rcprcientations lent to the Court of Madrid (as we were afterwards afliired), eftimated their whole lofs at a million and a half of dollUrs ; Und when it is conlidercd, that no fmall part of the goods we left behind us, were of the riihefi and molt expenfive Ibecies, as btoad-(.lotlis, filks, cambricsj velvets, ^:c. I cannot but tiiink their valuation fulliciently moderate; As toourfclves, the acquifition we made, though in-- conliderable ill comparifon of what wc diftroyed, was yet far from dcfpicablc ; for the wrought plati-, dollars, and other coin, which fell into oui hsnds, amounted t.> upwards of jo.oool. belides leveral rings, bracelets, and jewels, whofe intrinlk value wecuiild not then eftimate. and over and above all this, the plunder, which be- came the property of the immediate captors, was very great; fo that, upon the whole, it was by much the moll important booty we met with upon that coaft. There remains ftill another matter to be related, which on account of the (ignal honour which our na- tional ciiaradcr in thofe parts has tlicnce received, and the reputation which our Commodore in particular hits thereby acquired, merits a diftindt and circumllan- tisii difcudion. I have already obferv«d, thit all the prifoners taken by us, were, before our departure, put on fliore< and difchargcd, amongft whom there were fome perfoits of conliderable dilnndion, cfpecially 1 youth of about 17 year's of age,, fon of the Vicc-prefi- der?t of the Council of Chili. As the barbarity of the buccaniers, nitd the artful ufcs the ccclelialtics had made of it, had tilled the aativcs of thofe countries 4 T with- j.^lJifM*'^'^-' 35° CoMMouoKE (atterwiuds L o k d) A N S O N's with the moll terrible ideas of Knglifli cruelty, we always found our prifoners, at their firft coming on board us, to be extremely dcjctlcd, and under great horror and anxiety, particularly this youth, who, having never been from home before, lamented his captivity in the molt moving manner, rcgn.tting, in very plaintive terms, his parents, his brothers, liis lifters, and his native country, of all which, he was fully pcrfuad jd, he had taken his laft farewel, believing that he was now devoted for the remaining part of his life to an abjed and cruel fervitudc. Indeed, his companions onboard, and all the Spaniards thai came into our power, had the fame defponding opinion ot their fitiiation. Mr. Anfon conllantly exerted his utmoft endeavours to efface thofc terrifying imprif- iionsthey had received of us, always taking care, that as manv of ihe principal people among them as there was room for Ihould dine at his table by turns ; and giving the moft puremptory orders, too, that ihty Ihould always be created with the utmolt decency ami humanity: bur, notwitliftanding this precaution, it was generally obfervcd. t^^at for the hrft day or two the\ did not quit their fi.'ais. fiifpccling the gentkncfs of liuir ufage to be only preparatory to fome unthought ot ca- lamity. However, being at length convinced of our ■fmceiity, they grew perfectly ca(y in their lunation, and reiTi.nk.ilily ihearful; fo that it was often difputa- ble, wluthcr or no tliey confidcred their being detained by us as a mi>foi tune : for the youth I have abo\ c mer- tioned, who was near two months on board us. had at lall fo t ir conquered his melancholy finnvfcs, and had taken fiu:!'. a-i alfedion to Mr. Anliin, that it is doubt- ful tome, wlitthcr, if his own opinion had bet n alV.ci', he would not have prefersed a voyag.; to l-nglariiJ in the Centurion, to the being let on tliore at Payta, ■where he was at liberty to return to his country and friends. This condue'l of the Commodore to his prifoners, which was continued without interruption or devia- tion, gave them all the higheft idea of his humanity and benevolence, and occufioned them, likewife, (as man- kind are fond of forming general opinions) to enter- tain verv favourable thoughts of the whole En^lilh nation. Hut wliatever they might be dilpofed to think of Mr. .\nfon before the capture of the Tcrefa, their veneration for him was prodii;ioully inireafed by his condu:t towards the ladies whom he took in that vefl'el ; for, being informed that there were among them a mother and two daughters of exquiiite beauty, who were of quality, he not only jrave orders that they fhould be left in full polleflion of their own apartments, but alfo forbid, on the fevered penalties, any of the common people on hoard from approach jig them ; an J, that thev might be the more certain of having thel'e or- ders complied with.orof hav ing the means of complain- ingif they were not, he r>.'rmitlcd the pilot, whw in Spa- nilh fhips is generally 'he fecond pcrfonon board, tolhiy with them as a guardian and protedor. Thefe were mcafurcs that feemed fo dilferent from what might have been cxpofted from an enemy and an heretic, that the Spiniard?) on board, though they had thcni- felves experienced his beneficence, were furjirizcd at this nexv iJiftancc of it j and the more fo, as all this was done without folititation, and without the interpo. iition of one friend to intercede in their favour. The ladies were lb fenliblc of the obligations they owed him for the care and attention with which he protected them, thar they abfolutely refyfed to go on (liorc at Payta, till they had been permitted to wait on him on board the Centurion to return him thanks in pcrfon. Imleed, all the prifoners left us with the ftrongtd alFurances of their grateful remembrance of his un- common treatment : a jcfuit, in particular, whom the Commodore had taken, and who was an ccclcfiadic of fome didinction, could not help cxpredlng himfelf with great thankfuhufs for the civilities he and his country, men had foiuid on board, declaring that he (hould confidcr it as his duty to do Mr. Anfon jiidicc at all times, adding that his ufage of the men prifoners was dich as could never be forgotten, and fuch as he diould never fall to acknowledge upon all occalions • but that his behaviour to the ladies was fo extraordi- nary, and fo extremely honourable, that he doubted if all the regard due to his own ecclcfiaftical charadcr would be fufficicnt to render it credible. Indeed, wc were afterwards informed, that heahdthe red of oiir prifoners had not been filent on this head; but that both at Lima and at other places, they had given the greateft enconuums to our Commodore; that the jefuit, in particular, as we were told, on his account, interpreted in a lax and hypothetical fenfe, that article ofhis church which aderts the imp:'Hibility of heretics being faved. But to return : After we had finilhcd our bufincfs, fet the town in dames, and got the treafure on board, Mr. Biett the odicer who commanded the attack, having colledcd his men together, was dircding hi.s march towards the beach wh'-re the boats waited to take them on board, when the Spaniards on the hill behind rhe town, obi ferving his retreat, refolved to try if tluy could not precipitate his departure, and thereby lay Jbmc founda- tion f r future boading. To this end a party of horib, all ;ucked men dngled out for this daring cnterpri/e, marched down the hill with much feeming refolutioii ,' fo that, hai.1 wc not ente.taincd a jud opinion of their prowefs, we might have imagined, that, now we were upon the open beach, with no advantages of fitiiation, they would certainly have charged us: but we pre- liitr.ed, and wc were not mid.ikcn, that all this was mere oltentation; for, notwithftanding the pdmnni-i! pa'-ade they at drd came on with, Mr. I'rott liiii! ii,i I. u.ii r ordered his men to halt and face about, than the eneiuv dopt their career, and never dared to advaikca dej) lather. When our people arrived at their boats and were nvuiy to go on board, they \vere for fome time retarded by milling one of their number; a-rtd being unable, on their mutual enquiries amonij each other, to inlbriii themfilvcs where he was left, or by what accident de- tained, they, after a conddcrable delay, refolved to get into tlu-ir boats and to dejwrt without him : but whea the l.id m:!n \v;\% aohially embarked, and the boats were jud puiiir,;'; od', they heard him caliingto them to take him in. The place was by this time fo thoroiii;lily on lire, and the fmoke covtrcd the bench fo tillc- tually, thar they could fcarcely difcern him, thoii,;j;li they heard his voice. However, tlie Lieutenant indantly onlered one of the boats to his relief, wiio found him up to the chin in water, for he had waded as far as he durft, being extremely frightened with the af>iirehenfio«s of falling into the hands of an enemy, enraged, as they doubtlefs were, at the pillage and dcdrudtion of their town. On enquiring into the caufe of his daying behind, it was found that he had taken that morning too large a dofe of branely, which had throw n him into fo found a deep, that he did net awake till the fire came near enough to frorch him. He was drangely ama/cd, at fird opening his e\cs, U) fee the houfes on a blaze on one fide, and fevcral Spaniards and Indians not far from him on the other. The grcarncfs and Itiddennefs ot' his fright inllantly reilured him into a date of fobricty, aivl gave hnn fullicicit piefcnce of mind topudi through the thickcll ofthe ('moke, as thelikelied means to efcapethe eneniyt and, m.iking the bed of his way to thcbi-aeh, he ran as far into the water as he durd (for he could not fwiin), be(()Te he ventured to look back. By the time our people had helped their comratle out of the water, and were making the bell of their way to the fqua Iron, the flames had taken poirellion of every part ofthe town, and burnt fo furioully, both by means '^ If^iK^ :^ V i' ,^*A. H '.iivSii >1>K- -"l-, ,ff5^ •«.f»fa,fc.. ^*» Ci VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 35^ chwdizc contained therein. Mr. Brett had the curio jity to delineate its appearance, together with that of the lliips in the harbour. Ourdetachment having now fafclyjoinedthefqiiadron, the Commodore prepared to leave the place the fame evening. At fever, Cape Blanco, in latitude 4 deg. :8 "lin. S. and longitude 88 deg. 16 min. W. from London, bore from us S. S. E. half E. about fcvcn or eight miles diftant. This afternoon and the next day wcwcre employed in taking the molt ufeful and valua- ble things out of the Santa I'ercfa and the Payta bark : wc likcwife deligning to take every nccellary thing which we conveniently could out of the Santa Terefa, in order todellroy her, and bring our ftrength into a Ids compafs, we took her in tow, and fet the Payta bark on fire with the fame view. The next day we dfdroycd the Santa Tcrefii in the fame manner, having got out of them both fonie anchors, cables, hawlcrs, yards, and top-milts, blocks, bales of goods, aiulfevcral other nccelVaries. The 17th, at three in tlie afternoon, the Glouceftcr, with a pri/cof hers m tow, joined us. This prize was called the Del Oro, and was chiclly laden with wine; however, out of her and a liiiall bi),it which they took going along Ihorc, thi:y got, in gold, lilvcr, and wrought plate, to ahout the value of 17 or 1 8,oool. Thefe tHo were all tiie prizes the (Jloucellcr took in thole lias. 0.1 bo:ir.l this prixe of the Gloucefter were two hoill'.s, which being, I fuppofe, fat, and probably licttiT fi)()dtli.in tliei!- fait beef or pork, they killed and tat thi.ni ; and this, I iiu.igine, gave ground to that fiction Mlii^:h one of the I'purious accounts of our vimige has j'ivcn, of our eagerly hunting and eating vii.l liDifcs, whereas in reality we never faw nor heard nt'a wild hoifc during our voyage. ■jhe (.Jloii'.ider had ehaced two or three fli'ps uhi'.h had el(a|ird her, ami one of thofe touched at I'.iyt,i; and though they coidd give no certain account th;\tthe thipuhich had chaced them was an enemy, yet the ciiciiinllances they gave were lb ftrong, that it put the people of P.Tvta upon fecuring their treafure, and the licft of tluir elfeCts, not caiing to be too well piiniilcd for the profit of fuch unwelcome vilitants. 'I'hc :ill, at half part live- in the morning, we faw the ill.uui of Plata, lo called from Sir Francis Drake's haviiij.,', as it is laid, divide the fuccefs of the enterprize, as the adion of the others on Ihorc ; and, therefore, thofe who had continued on board maintained, that they could not be deprived of their Ihare of the plunder without manifeft inpiftice. Thefe were the contells amonglV our men, which were carried on with great heat on both lidc.i; and, though the plunder in qiicftion was a verv trifle incompanfon of the treafure taken in the place (in which there was no doubt but thofe on board had an equal right), yet as the obftinacy of the failors is not always re;riilaied by the importance of the matter in dilj).ite, the Coinmodore thought it necelliiry to put a Itop to this ferment betimes. Accordingly, the morniiv^ after our leaving Payta, he ordered ail liands upon the quarter-deck, where addrelTing hinifelf to thole who had been detached on fliore, he commended their Ix-haviour, and thanked them lor their fervices on that occalion ; but then, reprcfenting to them the rea- fons urged by thofe who had continued on board, for an equal dillributiou of the plunder, he told them, thai: he thought thefe reafons very tonclulive, and that the expectations of their comrades were julVly founded; and therefore, he infilled, that, not only the men, but all tiie ()fl\cer.> likewife who had been employed in raking the place, fhould produce the whole of their plunder immedi.uely upon the quarter-deck, and that it Ihoutd \k im[)artially divided amongfl. the whole crew, in proportion to ea'h man's rank and commif- lion ; and, to prevent thole who had been in polFellion of the plunder from muriiuiring at this diminution of their Ihare, the Conunodore added, that, as an en- coiirgementto others nho might be hereafter employed on like fervices, he would gi.e his entire ihare to be diflributeil amongft thofe who had been detached for the attack lan. Mr. Anf.m therefore gave over all hopes of being reinforced acrofsthe illhmus, and confcqucntly had no induce- ment at picfcnt to proceed to Panama, as he was in- capable of attacking the place, and there was great reafon to believe that, by this time, there was a general embargo on all the coalK The only teafible meafurt, then, which was left us, was to liter as fi on as pollible to the fouthern parts of Calilbrnia, or to the adjacent coall of Mexico, there to cruife for the Manilla galleon, which we knew was now at fea, bouml to the port of Acapulco; and we doubted not but to get on that Ihition time enough to intercept her: but there was a bulinefs which wc forcfaw would occalion fome delay, and that was the recruiting our w.iter, it being impotliblc to think of venturing upon this palHige to the coaft of Mexico till wc had prth, at day-break, we dif- covcrcd C ape Blanco, bearing S. S. K. half E. fcven miles diflant. By this time we found that our lalV prize, the Solidad, was far from anfwering the character given of her as a good failer ; and flie and the Santa Tcrefa delaying usconfideiably, the Commodore com- manded them to be cleared of every thing that might prove ufcful to the refl of the Ihijjs, and then to be burnt. And having given proper inflrudions, and ap- pointed a rendezvous to the (ilouccfler, and to the prices, in cafe of feparation, we proceeded in our courfe for Qyibo. On the 25th, Point Manta bore S. E. by E. at feven miles diftancc, and there being a town of the fame name in the neighbourhood, Captain Mitchell in the (rlouceflcr took the opporuinity of fetting on fliorc fovcral of his prifoners, 'I'he boats were now daily cinplo/ed in dillributhng provifions on board the J prizes, to compleat their flock for flx months ; ami ihat the Centurion might be the better prepared to ^ivc the Manilla fliip a warm reception, it happily (l;c fliould fall in our way, the carpenters were onknil to fix eight flocks on tie main and fore tops, whidi were properly fitted for the mounting ot iHJvd guns. On the 25th, we had fight of the ifland of (l.illoj and tiom hence we crofl'ed the bay of Panama, fliapinir our courle in a direct line for C^^ibo. I lere we fnuiHr in a few days, a very confldcrable alteration m the climate; tor, inllead of that unilbrm tenipcratnio where neither the exrels of heat or cold was prcvalnu, we had now dole and fultry weather, like that mc imt w ith on the coafl of Brazil. Wc had, btlidcs, lri'i]iioiu calms and heavy rains, which we at liifl allrikil to the neighbourhood of the line, where this kimi ol weather is oblVrved to obtain at all fcatbiisofiiic- \(jr; but, finding that it attended us for more il-.aii iiMii degrees of north latitude, we began to fufpecl that the florniy feal()n, or, as the Spanianls t all ir, the \ amlc- "lis, was not yet pall ; though many writers, paitun- larly Captain Jjlulvock, all'ert, that this fealoii l\|;in- in June, and ends in November: but, perhajs, itacnj may not be always regular. On the 27th, Captain Mitchell having ckartil his largcll prize, the was likewife lit on lire ; and now our fleet conlilled only of live fliips, ami we were fortiiiiati; enough to finil t hem all good failers. On the jrd ol Dc-cember we had a view of the illand of Qiiilio, the call end of which bore from us N. N. VV. four iwgiici tlillant, and the illand of (^Juicara VV. N. \\. at ahout the fame diflance. When we had thus got li^ht of land, wc found the wind to hang weflerly ; and there- fore, night coming on, we thought it advifablc to Hand olf till morning, as there are faid to be fome llioaU at the entrance ot the channel. At fix the next niorninjTj Point Marrato bore N. E. half N. three or four liagins diflant. In weathering this point, all the lijoadron, except the Centiiricn, were very ne;ir it j and the Gloucefter, being the lecward-mofl flup, wai luntii 10 tack and ftand to the fouthward ; fo that wc loll lij^ht of her; and, the wind proving unfavourable, wel'awiitr no more till we quitted the ifland. At llvv:^ in the evening we anchored in the Canal Bueno, or Cu d Channel; which is at leafl fix miles in breadth, iiiudily ground. Next morning an officer was difiiat, hul on thore to difcover the watering-place, w lio, havijij; idun^l it, returned before noon ; and then we Ic-iit our long. boat tor a load of water, and at the fame time wcighctl and flood further in with our fliips, for the convinimic of being fooner fupplied; fothat we were little ii:oiC than two days in laying in all the wood and water vc; wanted. Wliilfl the Ihip continued here at anehur, the Commmlorc, attended by fome of his ollitcrs, \icnt in a boat to examine a bay w hich lay to the northMani, and they afterwanls ranged all along the eallern liJc of the illand. In the places where they put on fliore. in the courfe of this expedition, they generally fouiul the foil to be rich, and met with great plentv of c\- ccllcnt water. In particular, near the noith-eall point of the illand, they difcovered a natural cafcade, which furpafled, as they conceived, every thing of this kinJ which human art had ever yet produced. It was a river of tranf|)arent water, about 40 yards wide, which rolled dow n a declivity of near 1 50 feet in kiigtli. The channel itfelf was very irregular, intircly toiii- pofcd of rocks, l)oth its tides and bottom bcinj; nude up of large dct.iched blocks, and by thefethecoiuleot the water was frequently interrupted; for in Ibnie iiatts it ran Hoping with a rapid but unitbrm motion, w hilll in others it tumbled over ledges of roiks with :i perpen- dicular defccnt. On thcneighbourl-.ood of this llieani was a fine wood; and even the huge uialfes ot nxk which overhung the water, and which by their viiiots projections formed the inequalities of the channel, were covered with lofty forcft trees. Whilfl the Com- modore, with thofe who accompanied him, were at. tentively viewing this place, and were remarking the ditfercnt VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 353 ^iflfcrent blendings of the wvter, the rocks, and the wood, there came in fight, u it were to heighten and animate the profpedl, a prodigious flight of maci(aws.. which, hovering over this fpot, and often wheeling and playing on the wing above it, afforded a moft brilliant appfarance, by the glittering of the fun, and their va- riegated plumage J fothat lomeof the fpedators cannot /cfrain from a kind of tranfport when they reciunt the beauties which occurred in this extraordinary watcrfal. In three days we compleated our bufinefs in this place, and were impatient to depart, that we might ar- rive time enough on the coaft of Mexico, to intercept the galleon i but the wind, being contrary, detained us a night ; and the next day, when we had gained an offing, while we were hovering about in hopes of get- ting fight of the Glouceftcr, we on the aoih defcerned a imalTfail to the northward of us, to which we gave chace, and coming up with her took her. She proved to be a bark from Panama, called the Jefu Nazareno, laden with oakum, rock fait, and a fmall quantity of money to purchafe a cargo of nrovifions at Cheripe, an inconfiderable village on the continent, which, however, has a good market, from whence future voy- agers, in cafe ofnecefllty may be plentifully fupplied. On the I ath of September we joined the Glouceftcr, who informed us, that, in tacking to the fouthward, on her fir^ approach towards the ifland, Ihe had fprung her forc-top-maft, which had difabled her from work- ing to windward, and prevented her from joining us fooncr. We now fcuttlcd and funk the Jefu Naza- reno, and, on the nth of December, ftood to the weft- ward, having previoufly delivered frelh inftrudions for the condud of the Hcet. We had now little doubt of arriving foon enough upon our intended ftation, as we apedted, upon the incrcafmg our offing from Quibo, to fall in with the regular trade-wind ; but, to our ex- treme vexation, we were baffled for near a month, fo that it was the a5th of December before we faw the ifland of Cocos, which, according to our reckoning, was only lOO leagues from the continent, and even then we had the mortitication to make fo little way, that we did not lofe fight of that ifland again in hve days. This iftand we found to be ia the lat. of 5 deg. 20 min. N. We had flattered ourfelves, that the uncertain and wcftcrn gales we met with wire owing to the neigh- bourhood of the continent, from' which as wegotmore dilhnt, we hoped to be relieved by falling in with the caftcrn trade-wind ; but in this too being d ifappointed, we began at length todefpair of the great purpofe we had in v^ew. This produced a general dejection among us, as wchad at firft confidcred the projcdas altnoft infallible, and had indulged ourfelves in the inoft boundlcfs ho()es of the advantages we fiiould theme receive. However, ourdefpomiency was,in fome meafure,alleviated by afa- vourable change of the wind ; and, as we now advanced a-pace towaids our ftation, our hopes began again to re- vive. On the 1 7th of January, we were advanced to the latitude of 12 deg. 50 min. N. and, on the 26th of January, finding ourfelves to the northward of Aca- pulco, we tacked and ftood to the ealh\ard, witha view of making the land : and we expui^tcd by our reckon- ings, to have fallen in with it on the 28ch, yet, though the weather waa pcrfcdly clear, we had no lign of it at fun-fet ; about ten at night we dilcovcrcd a light on the hrtxnrd bow, bearing from us N. N. E. and, loon after, the Trial's prize made the fignal for feeing a fail. As we had none of us any doubt but that what we faw was a (liip's light, we were all extremely animated with a firm pcrfuafion that it was the Manilla galleon, that had been fo long the objed of our wifliea. We immedi- ately caft on the Carmelo, and prefFed forward with all our canvas, making a fignal for the Gloucefter to do the lame. Thus we chafed the light, keeping all our hands at their refpedive quarters, under an expedation ot engaging within half an hour, as we fometimes conceived the chace to be about a mile diftant, and at other times to be within reach of our guns. In this conftant and eager attcntioii we continued all night. No. 43. . * always prefuming that another quarter of an hour would bring us up to this Manilla ft.jp, whofe wealth wcnow eftima;ed at round millions: but, when day- light came, v i weremoft vexatioufly difappointcd, by finding that tn light which had occalioncd all this cx- pcdancy, was c ^ly a fire on the ftiore. At fun-rifing, after this mortifying dclufion, we found ourfelves about nine leagues off land, extending from the N. W. to E. half N. On this land we obferved two remarkable hamnriocks, which bore N. from us, and which a Spa- nifti pilot and two Indians aflirmcd to be over the har« bourof Arapulro; but we found them cgrcgioufly mif- taken, tiicfc being in 17 deg. 56 min. whereas .\capulco lies in 1 7 deg. only. Being now in the track of the Manilla galleon, it was a doubt with us, as it was i.car the end of January, whether ftic was or was not arrived : but, examining our prifoners about it, they affurcd us, fhe was fome- times known to come in after the middle of February 1 and they endeavoured to pcrfuadc m, that the fire we had ken on fliore was a proof that flie was yet at fca, it being cuftoniary, as they faid, to make ufe of thefe fires asfignalsfor her direction when flie continued out Ion- ger than ordinary. On this reafoning of our prifoners, we refolved to cruife for her fome days, and we accord- I -;ly fprcad our ftiips at the diftancc of 12 lcarocurc for ourfclves in the neighbour- hood of the port w here wc lay. Wc caught fifli in abun- ilance; among the reft cavallics, bream, mullets, foals, fiddle-filh, andlobfters; and wc here, and in no other pKice, met with that extraordinary fifli called the tor- pedo, which is in (hape very much refembling the fid- dle-lilli, and is only diftinguilhed from it in appearance hv a brown circular fpot of about the bignefs of a I rown-piecc, near the center of its back. 1 his fifli is, uiikcd, of a moft fingular nature, benumbing whc- fvcr touches it all over his body, but more particularly that limb which happens to come in immediate contadl with it. The fame effedt, too, will be in fomc degree produced by touching the fiih with anything held in the hand ; anil it has lately been difcovcred, that it imy be communicated like the eledrical fliock to a large ciri le, by meins of a certain apparatus much inorc limple than that which is ufcd in experiments in dec. tricity. The animals which wc met with on fliore were chiefly guanoes, with which the country abounds, and which are by fomc reckoned delicious liDod. We faw no bcafts of prey, except we (liould efteem that amphibi. ous creature the alligator as fuch, feveral of which our iK-oplc difcovcred, but none of them Very large. It IS, however, certain, that there were great rtumberi of tygers in the woods, though none ot them happened to make their appearance while we remained upon the coaft. Parrots and pheafants were found in plenty, but by no means proper for food, being dry and taftelcfj, though they were often killed and eaten, being by fomc thought preferable to fait provilions. The pajwh, lime, and a little four plumb, were all the fruits the woods furniHicd, and of thcfe there were but a fcanty [wrtion ; nor was there any other ufeful \ c- gctable, except brook-lime, which, being efteemcd an antifcorbutic, was frei^uently eaten, though from its bitternefs it was exceedingly unpalatable. While wc lay at Chcquetan, it was rcfolvcd, after mature deliberation, to deftroy all our prizes, as the w hole number of men on Iward our fquadron did not amount to the complement of a fourth-rate man.,-*", war. It was therefore judged moft prudent to fct tire to the fliips, and to divide the men between the Cen- turion and (iloucefter, now preparing to fet fail for China. Uelides the nccelTary repairs for a voyage of fuch length, the removal ot their llores and cargoes into the men-of-war took up lb much time, that it was the end of April before wc were in a condition to IcaK the place. It ftiould have Ixcn remarked, that, from this har- bour of Chcquetan wc difcovcred but one pathway through the woods into the country; and as this was much beaten, we were from that circumftance con- vinced, that it was not unfrequented by the natives. As it paired by the fpring-head, and was the only ave- nue by w hich the Sfianiards could approach to fur- prize us, wc at fome diftancc beyond the fpring-head felled feveral large trees, and laid them one upon ano- ther acrofs the path, and at this barricadoe we ccii- ftantly kept a guard. We, bclides, ordered our men employed in watering, to have their arms always in rcadinefs, in cafeofan alarm, and to march inrtantlyto this poft. And, though ourprincipal intention herein was to prevent our being tlillurbcd by the enemy's horfe, yet it anfwered another puqiofe, which was, to hinder our people from ftraggling fingly into the coun- try, where we had rcafon to believe rhey would be fur- prized by the Spaniards, who would doubtlcfs be very folicitous to pick up fome of them, in hopes of getting intelligence of our future dcligns. To avoid this in- convenience, the ftriclcft orders wctc given to the ccn- tinels, to let no perlbn whatever pafs beyond this poft ; but, notwithftanding this precaution, wc mifled one lx«is I.egerc, who was the Commodore's cook. As he was a Frenchman and a Roman Catholic, it was at firft imagined that he had deferred with a view of be- tr.-iying all that he knew to the enemy; thoiigh this ap- peared, by the event; to be an ill-grounded lurmifc; for it was afterwards known, that he had been taken 'oy fomc Indians, who carried him prifoncr to Acapulco, from whence he was tranfportcd to Mexico, and thence to Vera Cruz, w here he was ftiipped on board a vcfl'cl bound to Old Spain. But, the velFel being obliged, by fome accident, to put into Lifbon, Legere efcaped on Ihorc, and was by the Britilh Conful fcnt from thence to England ; where he gave the lirft authentic account of the fafety of the Commodore, and of his principal tranfadlions in the South Seas. The relation he gave of his own feizurc, was, that he rambled into the woods, at fomc diftancc from the bar- ricadoe where he had firft attempted to pafs, but had been ftopt and threatened to be punilhcd; that his principal ' -V. ■ VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 355 t may large •norc elcc- hicflyr prinripal view wa» to gather a quantity of limes for his niaftcr'i ftores i and that in this occupation he was fiir- prixeii una\wires by four Indians.uhofiript him naked, ' and carried him in that condition to Acapulco, cx- pofcdtothc fcorching heat of the fun, which at that lime of the year Ihonc with its grcateft violence ; that afterwards, at Mexico, his treatment was fufficiently feverc; fothat the whole courfc of his captivity was a continued inftance of the hatred which the Spaniards bear to all thofc who endeavour to difturb them in the peaceable poflefTion of the coafts of the South Seas. Indeed, Legcre's fortune was.upon the whole, extremely fingulari as, after the hazards he had run in the Com- modore's fquadron, and the fevcrities he had fuifcred in his long confinement among the enemy, a more fa- tal difafter attended him on his return to tneland; for though, when he arrived in London, fomc of Mr. An_ fon's friends jntcrcftcd themfelves in relieving him from the poverty to which his captivity had reduced him, yet he did not long enjoy the benefit of their hu- *nianity, iince he was killed m an infignificant night- brawl, the caufe of which could fcarcely ever be dif- covcrcd. When we were ncccditatcd to proceed to Cheauetan to recruit our water, the Commodore conlidered that our arrival in that harbour would foon be known at Acapulco; and therefore he hoped, that on t,he intcl- lip'.nccof our being employed in that port, the galleon might put to fea, ef|-)ccially as Chcquetan is (o very remote from the courfe generally llecred by the gal- Icons : he therefore ordered the cutter, as has already been noticed, to cruife 24 days off the port of Aca- pulco, and her commander was direded, on perceiving the galleon under fail, to make the bert of his way to the Commodore at Chequeian. As the Centurion w as certainly a much better failer than the galleon, Mr. Anfon, in this cafe, refolved to have got to fea as foon a5poflible,and to have purfued the galleon acrofs the Pacific Oceani however, the Viceroy of Mexico ruined this projcdl, by detaining the galleon in port all the year. Towards the latter end of April, all things being in readinefs for failing, the Centurion and Gloucellcr weighed anchor ; and, after having gained an offing, the prizes were fet on fire, and a canoe fixed to a grap- ple in the middle of the harbour, w ith a bottle in it, well corked, inclofing a letter to Mr. Hughes, dircding him to go back immediately to his former Ihition be- fore Acapulco, where he would find Mr. .Vnfon, who refolved to cruife for him in that flation fome days. Indeed, it was no fmall mortification to us, now we were at fea, and the flormy fcafon approaching, that wc were detained by the abfence of the cutter, and under a ncccllity of ftanding towards Acapulco in fearch of her. As the time of ner cruize had been expired near a fortnight, wc fufpctited that (he had been difcovcred from the Ihorc, and that the Governor of Acapulco had thereupon fent out a force to feizc her ; which, as flic larricd but fix hands, was no very difficult enterprize. However, this being only conjedure, the Commodore, as foon as he was got clear of the harbour ofChequetan, rtood along the coaft to the caftward in fearch of her ; and, to prevent her from palling by us in the dark, wc brought-to every night, and carried lights which the cutter could not but pCrceivc. By the 2nd of May wc were advanced within three leagues of Acapulco; and having feen nothing of our boat, we gave her over for loft ; which, belides the companionate concern for our fliipmates, and for w hat it was apprehended they might have fuft'cred, was in itfclf a misfortune, which in our prefent fcarcity of hands -we were greatly interefted in ; fincc the crew ofthe cutter were the flower of our people, purpofe- ly picked out for this fcrvice, as known to be, every one of them, of tried and approved rcfolution, and as Ikilful feamen as ever trod a deck. However, as it was the general belief among us that they were taken and carried into Acapulco, the Commodore's prudence fuggelkd a projcdt which we hoped would recover them. This was fbuiulcd on our having many Spanifli and Indian prifoncr.s on board, loiiif of tlicm of quality. The Comiiiodori', therefore, wrote a letter to the (i<>- vernor of Acapuiio, tilling liim, that he would nleafe them all, provided the (iovcrnor returned the cutter'u crew. This letter was dil'patchcd by a Spanifli olhccr, ofwhofe honour wc had a high opinion, and wlio was ■ furniflied with a launch btlonging 10 one of our prizes, and a crew of Spaniards, who gave their parole (or their return. The Spanilli odiccr, too, bclidcs the Com- modore's letter, carried with him a joint petition, (igned by all the reft ofthe prifoner^, befeeching the CJovernor to acquicfte in the term.s propofed for their liberty. But while we were thus contriving their releafe, the centinel called out from the maft-Tiead. that he faw a boat under fail at a tonndciable diftancc to the fouth- eaftward, which, to our unfpeakable joy, upon her nearer approach, wc found was our own cutter, the wan and meagre count-nances of whofe crew, the length of their beards, and the feeble and hollow tone of their voices, convinced us that they had fuffercd much greater hardlhips than could be expeded from even the fevcrities of a Spanifli prifon. They were obliged to be helped into the fliip, and were imme- diately put to bed ; where, by reft, and nourifliing diet, with which they were plentifully fupplied from the Commodore's table, they recovered their health and vigour. And now we learnt that they had kept the fea the whole time of their abfence, which was above fix weeks; that, when they had finilhcd their cruife, and had juil begun to ply to the wclhvard, in order to join the fqnadion, a ftrong advcrie current had forced them upwards of 80 leagues to leewaid, where they found every where l"o great a furf, that there was no poflibility of landing ; that they palFcd fome days in the moft dreadful fituation, without water, having no other means left them to allay their thirft than fucking the blood of the turtles which they caught ; that at laft, giving up all hopes of fuctour, the heat ofthe climate too augmenting their neccdities, and rendering their futterings infupportablc, they abandoned themfelves to defpair, fully pcrfuadcd that they fliould perifli by the moft terrible of all de.iths ; but that foon after a moft unexpeded incident happily relieved them ; for there fell fo heavy a rain, that, on fprcading their fails horizontally, and putting bullets in the centers of them, they caught as much water as filled their cafks; that immediately upon this fortunate fupply, tticy (IcKxl to the weftward in qucrt of the Commodore, and being now luckily favoured by a ftrong current, they joined him in lefs than 50 hours from that time, after having been abfent in the whole full 43 days. , And now having, to our entire fatisfaclion, got on board our people, and the feafon ofthe year for failing to Afia being far (wc found it too far) advanced, the Commodore refolved not to wait for any return :"rotn Acapulco, but gave orders to equip two large prize launches, to carry on fljore the Spanilh and Indian prifoners, both from ourfelvcs and the Glouccfter; and, having given them provifions and all nccellarics for Panama, whither they intended to fail, about four in the evening they left us, to the number of about 60 pcrfons, having firft, though enemies, obferved the cullom of fealaring people at parting, and wilhed us a piolperous voyage. I'Vom the 6th of May, the day we took our depar- ture, we met w ith little remarkable for above a month, except that the true trade-wind, which is faid never to fail at about 60 or 70 leag ues from the fliorc of Mexico at the farthell, wai lb far from anlwering our expcda- tions, that wc had nothing but ciofs winds, fqualls, rain, 'thunder, and lightning, till by account wc were 600 leagues to the weftward of Acapulco, having been above 40 days in getting fo far. The 9th, we found the foremart fpriing in a dangerous manner, and there- upon fiflied and fecurcd it very ftrongly. The 2:nd, in the evening, we fprung a leak, making 1 2 inches water in a watch, and on a fcirch found it to 356 Commodore (afterwards Lord) ANSON* to be on the larboard (iilc, abrcaO the main hatch-way, and not quite under water. The carpcnteri foou ttopt it with very little trouble. The iith of June, we found a current tofetto the fouthward, about 24 miles a day, but could not dif- covcr whether to the calt or well, for want of oppor- tunity to try it. This was by account about 450 leagues from Acapnlco t and, much about this time, abundance of fcorbutic fymptoinit, fiich as blacknefs in the Ikin, hard nodes in the Hcfli, fhortnefs of breath, and a general lafTitude ajid weakncfs of all the parts, began to prevail) almod univcrfally, among our people. This with the great mortality we experienced from thii. diflemper in our Cape Horn ptflbgc, and the time we might Hill cxpcd to be at Ted, having yet 1800 loagues to thofc idands called, by Sir Francis Drake, the La- drones, or lllands of Thieves, from the thievifti difpo- Ikion of the inhabitants, but by the Spaniards the Marian lllands, where only wc could expedl our next rcfrelhmcnts ; and no trade-wind being yet fettled : thefe confidcrations, I fay, gave us dreadful apprehen- ftons of what this palfagc might terminate m; and the event flicwcd that wc had but too much reafon for them. The 14th, at five in the evening, the Glouceftcr, having fprung the head of her main-maO, 12 feet be- low the trulfcl-trecs, fired a gun as a fignal of diltrcfs ; on which we brought to, and waited for her; and, after enquiring into, and hearing the caufe, wc fcnt them on board two carpenters to allifl in fiHiing and fccuring it; but the carpenters in concert, having viewed anci confidered the damage, rc|)orted, the next day, that the tnal\ was unfit to Rand, and would not bear repair- ing J but that it muft be fhortencd 26 feet from the head, and the top-mall be fet on the llunip. This, therefore, was concluded on, and ordered accordingly. The 2jrd, wc found our own main. ;op-maft fprung in the wake of the cape; whereupon, wc reefed it 20 inches, that is, we lowered it fo much, and fecured it there, and tleeted and fct up the Ihrouds and back- flays. The 24th, in the evening, wc got thctop-maft down, and put up another in its place, and a man falling overboard, we brought the fliip to, and took him up fate J likcwife, the flings of our crofs-jack-yards being broke, wc llxeJ new ones, and the next day got up the lorc-top-gailant-iiiaft and yard. The :7th, we made the Gloucefler fignal and fent our boat on board of her. The 28th, wc received from the Glouccfter half an anchor-ftock, for a farther fecurity to the fore-mad. The 29th, the Glouceftcr finiilied her jury-mal>, and made fail on it. Nothing farther remarkable till July lO, we had frcfh gales, and cloudy weather, with fume lightning. The 2nd, wc unbent the fore-fail, and bent another. Wc had, not only now, but for almoin our whole pafTage, abundance of birds of prey, alfo flying fifb, which are their proper food, and vail quantities of flots appeared in the (kin, but thofe fprcad, till my legs and thighs were for the moft part as black as a negroe ; and this accompanied with fuch cxceffive pains in the joints of the knees, ancles, and toes, as I thought, oelbre 1 experienced them, that human nature could never have fupported. It next a.'vanced to the mouth; all my teeth were prcfently loofc, and my gums, over-charged with extravafated blood, fell down almoft quite over my teeth: this occafioned my breath tofmellmuch, yet without alfc(fling my lungs ; but, 1 believe, one week more at fca would have ended me, and lefs than a month more, all the reft. One thing was very re- markable VOYAGE ROUND the W () R L I). :^>1 tnirk.ihie, and likewifc univcrlal, which wai, that, when the dirtcmpcr had far prevailed, il'thc illllicttit pcrfdil lay quiet in his haiiiniock, he fecineit to he pcrifctly well and hearty i but, If he wa^ r'.'iiiovcii out rtf it, on any ncccluty, he immediately fainted iivk.iv t and this wat always a furc ligii of the parly's dinbiiitioii. Since our pfllng Cipc Horn, our furfcon, Henry Ftiritk, who was a very Hood praClical lufgeon, had bcm very hufy in diKefting a theory of IcurvicH, wherein he enumerated many cafes very particularly, having been allowed to open and cxiiitinc as many bmlics as were abundantly fudicicnt (or that purpofe. >|ii fyltcm was principally grounded on the obferva- tionsniadcon a long palufre in a very cold climate. He took abundance of paini to ijrove, by many in- ftanccs, that the tone of the blood wai tirokcn by the cold nipping air, and rendered fo thin, as to be unlit for circulation, or any other of the ufes rtf lifci and being thus deprived of a proper force and vigour, llag- nation and death nuirt necertarily cnfue. From this fuppolition, he had laid it down as an infallible rule, that food of a glutinous nature, fuch as fait fifli, bread, and fcvcral forts of grain, where alone proper on fuch voyages, Ai for liijuid.i, I know not which he had pitched on, aj the moi\ falutary, on this (Krcalion. But this pall^igc, in a very hot climate, w here the lymptoms were not only iTiore dreadful, but the mortality much more quick and fatal, in proportion to the number of people, put our fcheining doolor to a fad non-plus; he nnild not account for this on the fame principles with the other J nay, thev mufl be, in a manner, diame- trically oppofitc. All this obliged him at lafJ (though he was ftill endeavouring to reconcile contradictions), to own, that, though fome of the concurrent caufesot this difeafc were plain enough, yet the grand caufe was certainly the long continuance at fea, or an entire fcirct; and that no cure but the fliorc would ever be cffedual. The Commdilore, on this great mor- tality, having by him a quantity of Ward's pills and drops, in order to experience w hcther they would be of any ufe, firll tried them on himfcif andthengavc.what he had left to the furgeon, roadminfftc'r to fuch of the fick people as were willing to take iliem. The furgcon would not retommcnd them to any perfon, but fcvcral took them i though I know of none who believed they were of any fervicc to them. They worked moll people who took them very violently, both by vomit and ftool : after which, as fevcral told me, they would feein to be a little ealier, though weaker, for perhaps a day or two, but then they always relapfed, and be- came worfe thdn bcfbre i anA this, together with the inefficacy of all that our furgeons could do in the cafe fiitficiently (hewed the vanity ofattctnptingthc cure ol this dillcmpcr at Tea. And here, before I quit this fubjedl, I (liall tndeavour to rcn'ove a prejudice, under which the afflided have k»ng fcvcrely funercd ; and that is, from the notion pnerally prevalent, that none but the lazy are attacked with this diforder ; whereas, the direot contrary is the tnjth ; our experience having abundantly lliewn, that the moft laborious, adtivc, (birring pcrfons were oftenelt fcizcd with this difeafe ; and the continuation of their labour, inftcad of curing, only helped to kill them the fooner. Many undeniable inftances might be given of this in our voyage ; and, if future voyagers wilT give them- felves the trouble of obferving this hereafter, I atti cer- tain that the event will correfpond with my alFcrtion ; nor does this dittemper, in a general way, incline peo- ple to indolence, till it is come to that hcightj that, at the leaft motion, the perfon is ready to faint It is cer- uin, that, if the perfon afilidtcd defircs to lengtbert out his life as long as he can, his bed way is td (lir as little as polTible. This I have fcen verified by many inflances. The 23rd and 24th, we reefed and repaired our tigging, which had fuffcrcd much in the variable leather. No. 4j. The 2f>th, being, according to our reckoning, (oo leagues from the l.adroiies, we met with a welkily vind, which did not come about again in liuir da).'i. This was a mod difpinting incident, as we were all that while forced to lie to, the current iiillnlibly driving ui out of our courfe. The 27th, our gunner, Henry Kippi, died of the fcurvcy, being one of the molhiMe-bodicd men, as well as the moft adivc in the (lilp : he had taken Ward's medicines once or twice. On the 28th, we had calms with much rain, and re- ceived t'loiii the CfiouccHer jo calks of Hour, and four of groats. Having here an occallon of mentioning floui, it may not be ainifs to take notice, that, lince our ilcparture from Juan I'ernandez, the principal oflicers had always loft bread new baked, the bifcuit being fo much worm eaten, it was fcarce anv thing but dull, and a little blow would reduce it to that ftatc i nmediate- ly. Our beef aiid pork were likewifc very rufty and rotten I Und the furgeon endeavoured to perfuadc us from eating it, alledging it was, though a (low, yet X lure poifon; but very little other (bod being to be had, we were reduceil to a very deplorable condition. The 29th, in the morning, the Olouccllcr';* Ibrc-cajj Iplittir J, hcl- forc-top-mall came liy the board, andj in its lall, incctihg with the fore yard, broke it in the, llings. As (he was hereby rendered incapable of making any fail for fomc time, we were under a ncccf- lity, as loon as a g.ile fprung up, to take her in tow» and near JO of the healthieft and ablell of our fcamen were removed from the duty of our own fliip, and were continued eight or ten days together to aifift in re- pairing her damages; but thcfe things, mortifying as wc thought them, were only the coinincnceiiicnt o( our misfortunes; for, fcarec hdd our people finilhed their bulincl's in the Glouceller before wc met with a mod violent (lorm from the wcftern board, which obliged us to lie to. This ftorm lallcd from the loth to the 13th of Augiift, attended with rain, thunder, and lightning, and fuch a loftv and dangerous fea, as I have feldoin fecn, and. coulcl not have believed in latitudes between thfc.TJropic's, cfpecially (or fuch a long duration. Moll of the time we lay to, we drdvc to the northw ard t abundance of our people died daily ; and, the lliip proving very leaky, every perfon who could ftir, the principal officers not excepted, was obliged to take his turn at the pumps, dnd all little enough to keep us above water. The 13th of Auguft, at ten in the morning, the Glouccfter made a fignal of dillrefs, and, being to wind- ward, bdredown towards us; but wc obferved llic was long in W'earing, rolled very much, and made bad fteeragc. About half an hour after noon they fpokc w iih us, and told us that they were fo leaky that they mult quit their fliipj that they had feven feet water 111 the hold ; and that all the men they had capable of ftirring were quite ckhaufted with piimping, and could work no longer. This was an additional mif- fortune, and Iccmed to be without rcfource ; for, whilft the Glouccftcr's crew were thus enfeebled, our ow n fick were now fo much incrcafed, and thofc who Hill remained in health fo over fatigued with labour, that it was impofllble (b|- us to lend them any aid : all, there- fore, that could be done was to fend our boat on board for a more particular account of the fliip's condition; as it was foon fufpeded, that the taking her people on board us, and then dcftroying the Glouccftcr, was the only meafurc that coulcl be profccuted in the prefent emergency both for the prefervation of their lives and of our owtl. Our boat tboii returned with a reprcfentation of the melancholy date of the Glouccder, and of her feveral defedls, figned by Captain Mitchell and all his officers 1 by which it appeared, that the (hip was decayed in every part ; that her crcW wii greatly reduced ; that there remained alive no more than 77 men, officers included, 1 8 boys, and two prifoncrs ; that of the w hole number, only 1 6 men and 1 1 boys were capable bf keeping the deck, and feveral of thcfe very infirm 1 that 4 X the 35« CoMMODOKE (afterwards Lord) ANSON's Y': ii' m the water was fo deep in ihc hold, that thofc who were yet alive were ftarving, and could neither come at frclh vaternor provilions. From this rcprefentation, which was in no one in- ftancc exaggerated, the Commodore fcnt immediately an order to Captain Mitchell, to bring his people on board the Centurion, and to take out fuch (lores as could moll: eaiily be come at, among which he was very defuous of faving two cables, and a ftccl-anchor; but the fliip rolled fo much, and the men were fo exrellivcly fatigucit, that it was with the grcateft difficulty the prize-money was fecured (the prize-goods amounting to many thoufand pounds being abandoned): nor could any more provilions be got at, than five calks of flour (three of which were fpoiled by the falt-water), a fmall quaitity of br?ndy, and fome living ftock. Even this little buiincfs was ib languilhingly performed, that two days were wafted in the execution, during which time three or four of the fick perifhed on being moved. As the weather was now calm, and we were uncertain how far diftant we might be from Guam, a fettlcment in pofleffion of the enemy, to whom the w reck of fuch a fhip with guns and ammunition on board would have been a very valuable acquilition, the Commodore jutlg- ed the moll effectual way to prevent her from falling into their hands was to fethcron fire: and accordingly, asloonas thcCaptainand hisOfficcrshad quitted her, the combuftibles placed for that purpofc were lighted, and file continued burning the whole night, and at fix the next morning flic blew up. Thus pcriflied his Ma- jcfty's ihip the Gloucefter; and now, it might have been cxpcdled, that, being freed from the embarralFment in which her frequent difafters had involved us, we Hiould have proceeded on our way much brifker than we had hitherto done. However, wc were foon taught, that our troubles were not yet to be relieved. Wc were at this time in the utmoft diftrefs; the fliip confiderably lumbered with prize-g(X)ds, and the liirle room wc had left thronged with the iick.whofe nuniticrs were now very much increafed by thofe from the (ilou- cellcr; the dirt, naufeoufnefs, and ftench, almoft every where intolerable ; more people daily difabled with th^. difeafc; no (ign of land, nor hut very little w iml.'j'na that not fair but \ariable ; very bad provilijins and water, and the lliip very leaky; and, though wedifcovered the leak to be in her bows on each fide the Hern, it lay in fuch a manner that we could not (lop it, nay the attempt- ing to do it rather niade it worfc. In this dillrcfs wc made the bell of every little fpurt of wind. Nothing farther remarkable happened till Sunday the 2:d,\vhen, about eight in the evening, we difco- \ered two iflands, one bearing W. half S. and the other S. W. by W. at the diftance of about lo leagues. We were overjoyed at this fight, and ftood toward them with all our fail; but, there being little wiirl, we did not get near them till the next d.iy about noon, when being about three miles olf the largeil and moft promifingof them, which appeared very Iiilly and full of trees, wc fent on ftiorc one of our Lieutenants in the cutter to make difcovcrics, who returned at nuie in the evening, and gave us but a very indilferent ac- count of the land. The trees were moflly cocoa-mit- trees, of which there were prodigious quantities (about 60 cocoa-nuts they brought on board with them) ; but they could find no water, nor any good place to anchor in: on this account it was thought fit to ftand further to the fouthward, for fome more proper place. This was a fevcre difappointment to moft of the fick, who, on the fight of land, (on hearing that we w ere fo near it) had begun fenfibly to revive: but asperfons in fuch cir- cumftances are foon driven to defpond when an aid they had depended upon deferts them, fo this dilappoint- mcnt marred our hopes, and increafed our dcje;fli<)n. We feared, that, if wc met with more iflands in the fame run, they might be either as bad, worfe, or inha- bited by our enemies the Spaniards, v.ho, in our weak condition, might eafily be able to hinder us Irom proper refreftiments : add to this, how near many of u.- were to death, and how little wc could cxpi tl to furvivc \ hiJe in fcarch of other illand.s. I know not whether ilulc wcic the general thoughts of tlie lick, but I muft own tliiv were mine, and made our iituatiuii at tluit tunc ainxMr infinitely woife to 111c than at any other in ihi; uliolc courfe of our voyage. I was indeed very ill, .ui.t my illnefs might pollibly octafion every thing to ,ip|xar in its worft light, yet 1 never was one of ihol'c who were frightened at the apprehenfion, or even the vifihlc ap- proach of death J It had no unrcafonablc tcnoii in any of its profpeiSsto me; and I always could, and I hope always ftiall be ready to meet it with calmncfi and per. fed refignation: but I believe the healthieft and llmitcll at that time had probably the grcateft apprchciifinns- and 1 have fince heard it from many of thofc, that they expedcd all to have periftied, had we been fo little as three w^eks longer at fea; and I much qucftiun »hc. ther they were not right in that imagination. On the 26' h, at five in the morning, wc fluv three other iflands, bearing from S. E. by S. to N. I',, f.ic middlcmoft of the three, which was the l.irgcll, d.ie ]:.. The 27th, at three in the afternoon, being got pietiv near the fliorc of the middlcmoft illand, wc fcni our cutter and pinnace in fliore for difcovcry. .\t, four the pinnacecame olf.and brought w ith her an Indian p.iroo, w itl'' a Spaniard and four Indians, whom thev took in her. They likewifetold us, that they had iii-fliorc ,1 fmall bark of about 16 tons, and bctuccn ;o and jo more people on the ill.md, all of whom h.id l)cen k:.: there from Guam to kill cattle and hogs, and i;iaki: jerked beef, and cocoa-nut-oil, ixc. for the Spanilh garrilon there; and that there aicconllarr.fy people t.nc on that account, who, after fonie laonths (lay at that place, are relic^^cd by freih parties for the lame purpolc. We fecured both bark and paroo, together wiili all the Indians who fell into our hands, to hinder their carry- ing intelligence of us to the Spaniards at Guam. One of thofc Indians was a carpenter by trade, and his father wa-i one of the principal builders at Manilla. This young man, having been ill ulcd by the Govcrnnr at Guam,voluntarilyentercd w ith us.and became one of our carjKntcr's crew',and proved a very ullful handy fello\v. '^"hc Spaniard being examined as to the ftate cf the irtand wc were now approaching, the account he ga\c furprized even our moft fanguine hopes; and, tliojgh uninhabited, he faid, it wanted none of thole accuin- modations with which the heft cultivated countries .iie fumilhed. On muftering up our whole force, as «c drew near, all thohaiuis we could coiled capable ol any kind of duty, even on the moft prclling octalions, amounted to no more than 71 men, olViccrs incUnleJ. This number, inconfiderable as it may feem, were all of the united crews of the Centurion, Gloucefter, and Trial, that could move w ithout being alllfted, not« ith- ftanding that, when wc left England, they conliftcd of near 1000 men. When wc had entered the road, our firft biifintf!, after furling the fails and fecuring the fliip, was tu \no- videan holpital on fliore for the fick; but the oHiccr and feamen who were fent upon this fcrv ice, rctunieJ joyfully, and acquainted us, that the Indians on time had laved them that trouble, and had provided tor us better than w c could have done for ourielves ; lor, hav- ing crct^lcd a number of little cabbins for tlicir ac- commodation during their relidrncc on the iHaiiii, and one in particular, which they made ufe of by way of ftorehoufe to flow their provilions in, there couid be no- thing more fuitably adapted tor the reception both ol the lick and the healthy than thcfe ercciioiis. .-XccorJ- ingly, we inftanUy began fending aftiore as many of the fick as could poflibly be conveyed, among whith number I myfelf was one; I fay, as many as could jwtfibly be conveyed; for we were all fo extrcnaly feeble and helplefs, that we were no othcrwifc to be landed than by being carried in our haniniocks, both in and out of the boats, on mens ilioulders, in which fcrvicc both the Commodore himfelf and his ofticers very humanely afllftcd; and, indeed, they were almoft the only pcrfons on board capable of performing it; the hcalthicil leamcn being fo much enfeebled, that thcv VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 359 they had but ju ft ftrcngth enough left to help thcm- felves. The next day, being the 2<)th, the remainder of the fick were brought on more, of whom ai foon died; but the grcateft part of the reft recovered furprizingly. As foon as I was capable of ftirring about, I found the iflandtolie in latitude 14 deg. 58min.N. [Walter fays 15 deg. 8 min.land in longitude 223 deg. 35 min. W. from London, being, according to my reckoning, 117 deg. 7 min. W. from Acapulco. [Walter fays 1 14 deg. CO min. And here it is obfervablc, how writers of the firft charaifters for veracity differ in their accounts of the fame places, by vifiting them at different periods. The defcription of this ifiand of Tinian by Commodore By- ron, who lately vifited it in his voyage round the world, bears no fimilitude to that we arc now about to recite; nor ran any one conceive how an interval of only 30 ycai;s could occafion fo remarkable an alteration in an ifiand that had lain uncultivated for many centuries be- fore. B'lt to proceed :] The foil, upon exanjination, we found to be every where dry and healthy; and being withal fomewhat fandv, it was thereby the lefs difpoied to a rank and over-luxuriant vegetation: and hence the meadows ind woods were nearer and fmoothcr than is ufual in hot climates. The vallics and hills were mofl beautifully diverlified by the mutual encroachments of woods and lawns, which (Itirted each other, and traverfed the ifiand in large traits. The woods confifled of tall and well- fpread trees, fome celebrated for their beauty, and fome for their fruit; \VhiHlthe lawns were generally crouded with herds of cattle, of which it was not uncommon to fee thoufands feeding in a herd, and, being all milk- white, it is no wonder that fich an appearance excited our longings, and increafed our impatience, to kill and cat. .Add to thefe, the mnumerablc fwarms of poultry that crouded the woods, and, by their frequent Grow- ings, gave us in idea the picafmg apprehenfion of be- ing m the neighbmtrhoo.1 of farms and villages ; and we even fancied, that in the covert of the woods we (hoiild find fuch concealed. The cattle we had fight of were computed at lo.ooo; and, befides thcfe and the poultry, wc likewife found abundance of wild hogs, which were excellent food, but fierce, and not eafily maftered. At firft wc killed them by (hooting; but, our aiiimimition failing, owing to an incident, we at Ia(t hunted them down with dogs, fcvcral of which joined us on the illand, and, being trained to the fport by the Indians, readily enough followed us, and af- forded us good diverfion. In their confhifts with the bears, fome indeed were killed ; but thofc that came olf vidoriouE. were fiill more eager to engage in every new purfuit. This ifiand was no lefs fortunate to us in its veget- able than its animal productions; more particularly abounding in fuch fruiis and plants as were beft adapted tothe cureof that difeafc by which wc had been fo dreadfully debilitated. In the woods cocoa nuts were tnlicgath red without numfwr; and, what is remark- able, cabbages grew on the iame trees. There were, bclides, guavas, limes, fwcet and four oranges, and, what is common to all the Tropical iflands, bread- fruit. In; he plains we found water-melons, dandelion, crecping-purllain, mint, fcurvy-grafs, and forrcl; all which, together with the frelh-meats of the place, were fuch falutary refrefhments, that the lick, who were at dcath's-door when they landed, before ihcy had been a week on fhore, put on very different countenances, and with thcimcw complexions received a frcfli recruit of fpirits. AmidO fuch a variety of provifions as the land fur- niflicd, it was thought unnccefTary to indulge ourfeh (;s in thofe offered us by the fca. From fifh, therefore, we wholly refrained ; and the rather, as fome we caught at our firlt arrival furfcited thofc who eat of them. This, however, was not regretted, as beef, pork, poul- try, and wild-fowl, were in fuch plenty, that, except the trouble of bringing them from a conlidcrable diftance foiiietimes, there was no difficulty attending their pro- curemenr. It were, indeed, an endlefs talk to recount all the excellencies and delicacies we met w ith in this delightful ifiand : nor is it eafy to fay which to prefer where every thing is worthy of admiration; the ncatncfs of its lawns, the ftatelinefs, frcfhncfs, and fragrance of its woods, the happy inequality of its furface, and the variety and elegance of the views it afforded, — all thefe confpired to charm the fight, while at the fame time the excellency of its productions could not fail to gratify the appetite. And thefe advantages were greatly enhanced by the healthinefs of the climate, by the almoft conftant cool breezes that prevailed, and by the frequent gentle fhowers that feemed to fall juft to re- frem the earth, and add to its fertility ; for thefe, in- ftead of the long-continued rains that in other coun- tries fill the air with noxious vapours, and overflow the earth with waftcful inundations, feemed juft enough to purify the air, and to rcfrefh the foil; which was ob- fervablc enough by the elTcft it had in incrcafing our appetites, and promoting ourdigeftion. This cffedt was, indeed, remarkable, fincc thole amongfl our ofTiccrs, who were at all other times fpare and temperate eaters, were here in appearance transformed into gluttons; . Tor inftcad of one rcafonabic flcfli-meal a day, they were fcarcely fitislied with three: and yet our digeflion fo well corrcfpondfd to the kcenncfs of our appetites, that wc were neither dilbrdered nor even loaded by this un- common repletion; for, alter havnu^ made a large beef breakfalt, it w.is not long before we bcg.m to coiifider the approach of dinner as a very dclirable, and even fomewhat tardy event. The principal inconveniences that attended our refi- dence upon this iiland arofe from the vatt number of mufketos and other troublefome flies, by which wc were perpetually tcazed; there was likewife a venomous lit- tle infect, that, like the flieep-ticks in England, would bury its head in the (kin, and, if not inftantly removed, would cauf an inflammation. Running water there was none in the ifiand ; but that defeat was fupplied by a large lake, or lagoon, almoft in the center of it, to which the cattle, in times of drought, generally reforted ; but the freflinefs of their pallure, and the copious dews and gentle (liowers that often moiftened it, rendered that refource almoft unnecelFary. There were, befides, fprings of excellent water, and near the furface wells might every where be dug, whofe waters, in any other place would not have been com- plained of But the great danger we had to dread remains to be told. During four months in the year, that is, from the middle of June to the middle of Odobcr, when the weftern monfoons prevail, the winds, about the full and change of the moon, are variable, and blow with fuch fury, that theftoutcfl cables afi'ord no fecurity to (hips riding at anchor in the road : and what adds to the danger is the rapidity of the tide, u h.ch Ills to ihe S. F. and occafions fuch a hollow and over-grown fea as is not to be conceived; infomuch that, thou^ih we were in a fixty-gun Ihip, we were under the dreadful appre- henfion of being pooped by it. During the reft of the year the weather is confiantly fettled, and fliips have nothing to fear, if their cables arc well armed, which othcrwife will fuffer from the foulnefs of the ground. From the a9th of Auguft, when our fick were all put on fliorc, on the i 2th of September, when the ComnKKlore hiinfelf landed, thofe who remained on lioard where chiefly employed in mooring and (ecuring the (hip, in Ihilting her guns to come at her leaks, and in cackling the cables, to prevent their bcuig galled by the frietion ag.iinft the rocky Iwttom. At the fame time an anchor and cable were put on board the Spanifh bark, her own being only a heavy log of wood, and a rope made of bafs ; and fome barrels of powder to be dried and recovered, which by long keeping was be- come moilt. From the 12th to the 18th, the hands were con- tinually fliifting, thofc who were fo well recovered as to be capable of duty were fent on bo.ird, and thofe w ho had IK- ■ / .1: ji, ■.■■■,s!'i''".i'i5l ,^j^sm.' 360 Commodore (afterwards Lord) ANSON had bbin the burden of the labour were relieved and fciit on fhore. t)n the 19th, the weather began to alter, arid to threaten a ftorm : on that day, the next, and the 21ft, it blew hard; however, we rode it out, and flattered ourrelvcs that the prudence of our meafures had fecured us from accidents. On the 2 2d, the hurricane came on, and our only hope of fafety feemed to depend on our putting out to fea j but the Commodore was on fliore, and all communication with the land abfolutcly cut oif. At five in the afternoon, the fmall bower parted, and the (hip fprung off to the bed bower. As night approached, the violence of the ftorm increafed ; yet, notwithltanding its incxprclTible fury, the rapidity of the tide was fuch as to prevail over it, and to force the fliip before it, as it were, in defpight of its utmoft rage. It was now that the fea broke all rtiund us in a moft tremendous manner; and that a large tumbling fwell threatened to ingulph us in its bolbm : the long- boat, which was moored a-ftcrn, was ori a fudden canted fo high that it broke the tranfum of the Com- nw.iorc's gallcrv, and would, doubtlefs, have rifen as high as the tatVerel, had it not been for the ftroke, which ftovc the boat to pieces j but yet the poor boat- keeper, though much bruifed. was faved almoft by miracle, .\bout eight, the tide flackcned ; but, the wind not abating, the beft bower cable, by which alone wc rode, parted at eleven. In this extremity, Mr. Saiimarcz, our firrt lieutenant, who commanded in the abfcncc of the Commodore, ordered guns to be fired, and lights to be (hewn, as tignals of dillrers; and, in a Ihort time after, the night being cxcelTivelv dark, the (lurni raging, fhc thUmlt-r roaring, and nothing to be fcen but the blue lightning Halliing through the rain, wc were driven to fea, aiul by this cataftrophc, the whole crew, both by fea and land, reduced to a rtate of Scfpair; thofe on lliore concluding they had now no means left them ever to get home; whiift thofe on board, being utterly unprepared to ftruggle with the fury of fuch feas and winds, expeclcd each moment to be their iail. In this rtate of defpondency, while thofe on board were every moment in expectation of being dadicd againlt the rocks of Aiguigan, an itland at about three leagues fvomTinian, thofe on lliore were perfuaded the ihip could not furvive the ftorm, the whole channel uctwcen the two iil.indi appearing from the land like one continued breath, the fea fwelling, breaking, and roaruig, like mountains rolling over mountains, and funning the moll awtul and terrifying fight that the mind of man can poflibly conceive. Indeed, the con- dition of thofe on board was truly piti.ihle; they were in a leaky fliip, with three cables in their hawfes. to one of which hung their only remaining anchor; they had not a gun on bo.ird laflicd ; nor a port barred in; their (hrouiis were loofe ; and their fore-top-maft unrigged ; a;id they had ftruck their fore and mam yards down be- • the hurricane cmie on, fo that there was no fail could fet except the mi/.zen: to add to their misfortunes, they were no fooner at fea, than, by the labouring of the lliip, whole Hoods of water rullied in through the hawfe-holcs, ports, and fcuppcrs ; which, with the ufual leakage, kept the pumps conftantly at work. Perfuaded that their deftrudion was inevitable, finking, however, was only their fecondary concern; they jiuigcd, by the driving of the fliip, that they were nuking towards the land, and that, in the darknefs of the iiiglit, ihcy ihould no orherwife perceive it than by linking upon it; but day light relieved them from tht'ir une.ify apprehcnfions, and fliewed them that the illand they fo much dreaded was at a conf'derablc didance, and that a llrong northern current had proved tlic uicans of their prefervation. It was not, however, till after three days that the turbulent weather that had driven them from Tinian began to abate ; when every man in the fliip was fo worn out with fatigue, that they found it impollible to man the pumps, and hand the falls at the fame tim?. They had twice attempted to heave up the main and fore-yards, in which they had a* often mifcarried by the breaking of the jeers, and in tore ihi-v the lafl effort one of their beft men periflied. During all this time the (hip was driving to leeward, and drag- ging her fliect anchor, the only one (he had left, with two cables an end at her bows. This was a circura, ftancc of the greatcft confequence, and required a fpeedy remedy j for though upon a third exertion of their whole force, they had replaced their yard*, they durft not, while the anchor continued in that fituation venture to fpread their canvas. Some reft and rcfrelh-' ment became ncccU'ary before a work of fuch labour could be propofed to a feeble and dittiinilhed crew who hardly confided of 1 00 men. It w as, therefore', five days after their departure before they could fccure their anchor ; and now they fet their courfes, and, for the firft time, ftood to the eaftward, in hopes of foon regaining the ifland, and rejoining their Commander and the reil of their company: but in this they were unhappily difappointcd ; for having run, as they thought, the dirtance neceffary for making the ifland, and being in full expedatidii of feeing it, they found theniftlvcs bewildered by the irregulai ity of the currents, and knew not what courfe to (teer, till, after feveral days uncer- tainty, they came at lall in light of Guam, from whence they directed their courfe with infinite labour to Tinian, the w ind being conftantly againft them, and the tide variable. This feverc employmeru held till the nth of October, when, after nineteen days abfcncc, they appeared again in the oiling, and were reinforced from the fhore, to the inexpreffible joy of the whole crew. A fcW' days af;cr the (hip w as driven off, fomc of the {leople on flio;e cried out, A fail! and this fpread a general joy, fuppoljng it to be the Centurion return- ing; but prefcntly a fecond fail was defcried, which wholly deftroyed the fuft conjecture, and made it dif- ficult to guefs who they were. The Commodore turn- ing his glafs towards (hem, faw they were two boats; and intlantly concluding that the Centurion was gone to the bottom, and thai thofe were her boats returning with the remains of her |>eople, this fudden fuggclhon wrought fo powerfully upon him, that to conceal his emotion, he was obliged to retire to his tent, where he pail fomc bitter moments in the firm [icrfualion that all his hopes were now at an end, and tliat.inflcaJ of diftrefting the enemy, he muft hiinfelf with his [xro- ple fall a prey to their relentlefs cruelty. He was, how- ever, foon relieved from this mortifying thought, they appearing, upon their nearer approach, to be Indian proas directing their courfe towards the bay, with a view, as was luppofed, to relieve their countrymen, or to take on board their provifions. On this inttUigcncc, the Commodore ordered his people to conceal thcin- felves ; but the proas, after advancing within a ijuarter of a mile of the fhore, lay by for the fpace of a few hours, and probably obferving fomc change in the a|)- pearance of the place, which might raife their fufpidon that an enemy lay m ambufti, they got again under fail, and ftcered tothc fouthward. After this incident an opinion began generally to pre- vail, that the Centurion would never more appear at this ifland ; and that (he was either loft, or forced upon the coaft of China, from whence, in her crazy condi- tion, it would be impoffible for her ever to return. Though the Commodore did not apparently give into thisopinion, yet he was not without hisfears; and, thcre- ibre, to provide againft the worft, he projiofed cutting afunder the Indian bark w hich they took on their firil arrival, and lengthening her in fuch a manner as to be capable of taking on board all who were then uiwn the ifland, and following the (hip if paradventurc ilic ftiould be ilrivcn t« Moi.ao. After fome hcfitation, owing to the difficult attending the exccutPMi, the men were at length prevailed upon to engage in the work, and the Commodore by bus txamulc eni.ouragcd their diligence; for, being always at work by day break himftlf, it was thaught a difgrace to be idle when their Chief was employed. It fortimateJy happened, that the carpenters both of the Glouceller and Trial were on lliore, and that they had brought for faJcty their chcfti '•(■^"■^h — 1 VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. ..a^k cherts of tools with them. The fmith, too, was on fliore with his fotge, but his bellows was ftill in the ftiip. This dcfeft occafioncd fomc delay; but was fooii fup- pHed by the ingenuity of his fliipmates, one or other of them never being at a lofs for expedients on fuch occafions; they limed a fre(h hide for leather, the carpenters (haped out a wooden frame, and a gun bar- rel fcrved for a nozcl. The fmith being now in rcadi- iiefs to prepare the iron-work, fome were employed in cutting down trees, and fawing them into plank, m hillt the main-body were bufied in digging out a draw- dock to receive the bark, and in laying of ways to heave her up and down. All, in (hort, were varioufly employed ; and the work went on fucccfsftilly for 1 6 days, in which time the bark was fawn afunikr, her two parts feparated, and placed at the proper diihnce from each other; and, the materials being all in reailincfs before-hand, they proceeded with no fmail difpatch in the enlargement, infomuch that they fixed the 5th of November as the day when they fliould be ready to de- part. The alacrity with which this biinnefs was car- ried on, left no room for reHcction among the comtiKin failors, though their fupcriors were not w ithout their fears. They had no fea-provilions, except fome jerked beef, which the Indians had prepared and abandoned when they fled, and they had a run of 6oo Icai^ues be- fore they could prefume upon a fupply; they had no bread, and the bread-fruit on the illand coald not he prefcrved at fea ; thc\- wiiitcil fait; and, \vh;it was dill a more ncceilary article in their prcfeiu (itu:iti(jn, they wanted ammunition for their defence, in ciife of an attack from the enemy; for, upon thi' itriCkll: fcarch, no more than 90 charges of povvder could he rollcOlcd, which was (hort of one round a-piece for each of the company; they were, too, in an unknown fei, and wanted inftruments to dired their courfe: in Ihort, though the common men had no other thought hue how they fliould get on board, the olhccrs loiefiw a thoufand dilTicutties, which were alinofb infuruiouiu.i- blc to human apprehenfion, but which they care- fully concealed, that the uuiii bulineli might not be hitardcd. But, in the midft of iHcfe gloomy apprehenlions, which, the nearer the time of their departure approach- ed, ftill became the more ferious, and when all hope of feeing the Centurion at Tiiiian hail fubfided. one of the Gloucefter's men, being upon a hill at a di(lane<; look- ing out for cattle, jxirccived, as he fancied, fbniething like a (hip in the clouds, which, on (leadily obferving it, feemea to move flow ly towards the land. It wa; not long before he was fenfible of its a[)proach, and pcrfuading himfelf it was the Cieiitiirion, he in an txtafy ran towards the landing-place, crying to his comrades, The fliip! Thelliipl This being heard by the nrarert, was echoed from mouth to mouth till it reached the fpot where the Commodore was at work, who, on hearing the joylul news, threw down iiis axe, and joined in the general tranfport. In a few hours the Centurion appeared in the ofling, aiul a boat with iHmcn was fent olf to reinforce hei, and to cairy frelh meats, fruits, and tcfrethniem-;, for tiie crew, lii the afternoon of the nth of (Xloher (he happily call anchor, the Commodore went inllanily aboani, and the joy and congratulations on that occaiion weie equally fuKcre and mutual. The labour of the artificers was now at an end, and another kind of cmpIo)ment (ujceedeil, which was that of hying in water lor the remainder of the voyaj^.e. Now alfo hunting, (hooting, letting and every device that could be contrived to catch live cattle, hogs, and poultry for ftores, took place ; while, at iheCame time, the Commodore and olhcers amuted themfelvcs w ith travcrfing the ifland, and examining more minutely its fevcral parts. In one «f thefe cxcurlions, being on a fifing ground, they obfervcd, in a valley beneath them, the appearance ofafmall thicket, which, by attci^ding to it, (eemed to have a progrcfllvc motion, as indeed it Iwdi but was no other than a parcel ol cocoa-bu(hes trtiilcd upon the ground bv perfon?. concealed beneath No. 44. them. Fr.:m this, uncommon circuinftance, it was mimediately concluded, that the Iqdiaiis, whofe boat they had furprized upon their lirll arrival, mult, be the- perfons who were dragging the buflies, and that it could not be far to the place of their concealment; they there- fore kept their eye upon them, and traced them tp their cell; but, to their furpri/.e. when they came to enter it, they (bund it abandoned, though all things were readv' prepared for dinner, and flood Ymoaking hot on a tabic ot turf. The ollicers, having in vain endeavoured to track them, returned, and, with an appetite increafed by the kecnnefs of the purfuit, fat down to that meal which the poor huno;r\ faviiges hail abandoned. It con- (illed of filted fpaivrilw, cocoa-nuts, and bread-fruit ; all which tliey found ready drclt, and in quantity as much as tliey all could eat. On the third day alter the fecond arrival of the fliip, the Conuiiodoie being on board, a fudden guft of wind aiofe, and again brought home our anchor, and drove us out to fta. Our chief olhcers were now all on board ; and only about 70 of our men, with a inidfliipmari or two to command iliem, were emplovcd on lliore in filling water and catehuii; earth-. Ot'thefe about 30 came of to IIS in the (utter, and the cif;ht( en-oared barge was lent for the red; hut they not being in rcadincfs, and the (liip quickly driving out of fight, it was no longer in their power to join us. II.)\vevcr, as the weather fool pKUid f.ivoiuable, and we were now ftronger and healthier than at our full diialler, in about fivcdavs we regained tl,e road, and an/horcd fate in our tbrmer llation. 0,1 our return we founil the Spanilh bark rc- (hjictl to her old diinenlions, and the parts brought to- gether, and ill good foruardncfs to be compleated; for the few leimiiiing peojjle, delpairing of the return of the (hip, h.id deteriniiied to follow her to her deftined port. We now 1 '.boiired iudelarigably to ret in our water, in order to fail, in which fervice two olour men employed in the well iintbrtu.nately jierilhed; for the (itles of the well being loo.'e earth, by the CLUcklTnefs of thole above, in not piopeily attcn. ling th? hllino-, the bank gave way by the weight of a hcavj- cali, an'd both that and the bank fell in iijion them together. Some other misfortunes happened through hafte in rafting the calks to the (hip; yet, notwith(hmdin<'-, be- ing fuch as are generally a((.0'inttd trilling on board a man of war, our watering went on (0 fucccfsfuUy, that by the 20th ofOdulur, it was compleated ; and on iliat day leave was given for a man from each nufi to gj aihore, and gather :u many oranges, lemons, cocoit-nuts, aud other fruits of the illaud, a'i fliould be fulUcicnt for us all while at fea. This being accomplifhed, the Spanifli bilk fet on lire, tiie men returned on board, and the boats lioillcd in, on the 2 ill we fet fail; and die wind being fair, and the weather moderate, nothing rcmaik:il)le happened till we arrived on the coafls of China, except thit uh. !e we were palling by the rocks of Vele Rcte, near the Ibuth e.^d of the illand Foimofa, we were alinneil by a cry ot f'nc on the foiecaftle, which brought the whole (rew togciher in the utmolt confulion, li) thac it was ditlienlt tor lomo time to re- duce them to order; bur, as loon as dilcipline took [)l ;ce, ami a proper examination coLild be made, it wai (bund to proceed from the furnace, where I he brick.i, being over-heated, had begun to co.iimuiiicate the fire to tlie wood-work, whiili, li.nl it not been timely dif- eovered, might have been of the iiiofl dreadful confe- cuienec; but, as it fell out, it was cxtinguiflied with the greatelt facility, and the brick-work fo fecured, that no accident of the like kind could again happen. I'roiii the ifland of I'ormofa we directed our courfe (has to fall in with the coall ofChinA, to the caftward of IVdro bianco, as that rock is generally eftcemcd the belKlircCHon for (hips bound to Mocao ; and, on the tth of Novertrber we fell in with it, when we were prcfently lUrrounded by an incredible number of fifli- ing-boats, which covered the furface of the fea as far as the eye could reaeh. Nor was this fwarm of fifliing vefl'els peculiar to that place; for, a,^ we ran on to the wellward, we found them as abundant on ^cry other 4 ^ part U' ],MLMf^''- 362 Commodore (afterwards Lord) A N S O N's ' J! ,1 •■,'• 'I' .■ id ■ M^ m part of the coaft. From among thefe wc had no fort of doubt of procuring a pilot to Mocao; but, when we thought ourlclvcs near it, though we tempted them with (hewing them bags of Spaniih dollars, for which, it isfaid, a Chinefc would fell his father, yet not one of them would venture to come on board us, nor give us the leaft intelligence; neither did ourlliip,the like of which, fo armed and fitted, had never before appeared upon their coafts,feem to excite in them any curiolity: they continued their fifhing with the fame apparent in- difference as if any trading Ihip had been pafling by ; and, when we made them fignals, they difrcgarded them as much, though they certainly undtrfloQd them, as if we had been only in fport. l"he next liay, however, ffbout two in the afternoon, as we were ftanding to the weftward within two leagues of the fliore,ftillfurroundcd as before, we observed that a boat a-head of us waved a red flag, and b'ew a horn. This we apprehended was •a fignal for is, and accordingly we hoiftcd out oOr cutter, and fcnt to know the meaning of it; when we prefently difiovcred our milhikc, and that it was only the ufual notice to leave ott" lilliing, which the whole fleet inllantl) obeyed. Iking thus difappointed, wc kept on our criii!'.' till «c came to a group of idajids, iT^und the wcrti'innioll i;f which we were direiited to pafs, and then to haul up. While wc were thus cm- ployed, a Chtntfe pilot came on board, and in broken rortuguefe undertook to pilot us into harbour for 30 dollars, and on the 1 :tii of Novemhwr anchored us fafe in Mocao -road; white the (irllthinj;- we ilid was to fa- lute the fort, and to (cjulto tlic l'c)rtu!;u(.le^ ovcrnor to advife with his I'.xicllcncy in wYat inanner to behave to avoid giving oIVcik e to the Chiiufe. 'I'lie difficulty the Commodore principally apptehcnlLil rilated to the port charges uhiaiiy paid by lliips in the river Canton, from which charges men-of-war are exempted in every port of Furope, anil which the Commodore was deter- mined rot to he forced to pay in this. In the evening the boat retuiiied witii two ollicers, who delivered it as the Governor's opinion, that, if the Centurion ventured into the river ot Canton, tlie duty w(aild moll cer- tainly be expecteti ; and, therefore, if the Commodore approved of it, he would iViul a pilot to < ondiict the fliip into another harbour, called the 'lypa, where it was probable the port charges would never be ilc- manoed. To this propofal the Commodore agreed, the pilot wasfent. and the Hup faftly nnHired. Next dav the Commodore paid a vilit in perfi)n to the Governor, to folicit a fupply of provilions, and of naval ftores to refit the Ihip. The Governor very frankly acquainted the Commodore, that he durll not openly furnilh either the one or the other; for that he himfelf neither rcc eivcd provifions for his garrifon but from day to day, by permilhon from the Chinefc go- verimient, nor any thing elfc but what his prefent ne- cclTitie.-. required; however, heaffured the Connnodorc in a friendly manner, that h-- would give him all the alfillance in hi.s pe)wcr. On this declaration, the Com- modore detcrmuud to go to Canton himfelf, to pro- cure a lii cm c trom the Viceroy to purchafe a fupply, and, with this view, hired a Chiiufe boat for himfelf and his attendants to cany them into [X)rt: but juft as they \.erc ready to embark, the Hoppo refufed to grant them a permit; nor uould he, notwithflanding all the mterell the Commoeloie couUI make, withdraw the pro- hibition, till he was th.eutened to be compelled to it hv force. This operated w hen fair means had failed ; a permit was next day fent on board, and the Conmio- dore -iroceedeit to the F.nglilh faetoiy to confult with the principal oflicers there about the cautions that were to b«- ufed, le!t the factory (hould fufler by violent ineafurcs, which he was folicitous to avoid. They ad - vifed him totranfaol the bufinefs by the mediation of thcChincfe merchiuits, who at firlt undertook to ac- complifliit; but, after trifling with him more than a month, they dcclareel they durll not interfere in it. The merchants then undertook to proMire him provilions .landcllincly ; but that would not fullicc. Upon his m t, return, he found the Ihip fo much out of repair, that (he could not proceed without being hove down; he, there- fore, next day wrote a letter to the VicerO/, acquaint- ing hiin, that he was Commodore of a fquadion of his Britannic Majelty's fliips thut had been cruKing in the .South Seas againft the Spaniards, who were at war with his nation; that his (liip was leaky; that his people were in want of provilions; that ke had put into Mocao, a friendly port, for a fupply, but that, being a (\ranger to the cuAoms of the country, he had been unable to fuccccd; and, therefore, requeflcd, that he might be permitted to employ workmen to repair his Ihip, and that he might be fupplied with provi- lions at the accudomed rates at which the articles he ftood in need of were generally fold. Another dilliculty was now ftarted as to the delivery of this letter, the I loppoat firll refiifing to intermeddle with it ; but, on the Commodore's exprelling fome rcfent- ment, and threatening to convey it to Canton by his own meflengers, he at length undertook not only to deliver it, but to procure an anfwer: accordinirlv, though the letter was only dated on the 1 7th of Decciii- ber, on the 19th a M;mdarine of the firft rank, toi'ethtr w ith two others of an inferior clafs, and their atten- dants, having in their retinue 1 8 half gallies, decorated with llrcamcrs,and furnifhed w ith bands of niufic, came to a grapple a-head of the Centurion, w hence the Man- darine fent in form to acquaint the Commodore, that he came by order of the Viceroy to examine the con- dition of the (hip, and to-reijort the fame as it uld be pur- chafed at any rate whatever. On the fnh ot April, the Centurion wighed, and warped to the fouthwanl; and, by the ijth, the was C.\fc in M(K:ao road, having; lom- plcated her water as llie palled along. On the i.^th.llie again weighed anchor, and put to lea. ' Hut long before this, that is, fome time in Novcnilnr, Qptain Saunders, Coirimander of tin- 'Iryars priv.e, took palFage on brard a .Swedifli fliip with difpatJics t'ronuhe Commodore to the govirimieni. AntI loon after, that is, alwut the middle of IJeceniber, Cap- lain Mitchell, Colonel Crackcrode, Mr. Talwi II, with his nephew Mr. Charles Herriot, ami the Rev. Mr. Waiter, embarked on board the conipan\'s (liips on their return home. About this time we received the lirll news of the fafe arrival of the Severn and Pearl (ilie two (hips of our fquadron that parted from us indoubiing Cape Morn) at Uio Janeiro, on the coall of Hra/.il. The Severn had been remarkable for the cxtraordiaaiy Ikknefs that had been more fatal on board her than onboard of any other in the whole fquadron, inlbmuch that her hands had been twice re- cruited from the Centurion during her voyage to the ftraitsof Le Mairc; and yet when flic parted company (he vsanted hands to navigate her in a llorm, which was the rcalon of her return. It was from the knowledge of thus uni'onuuon mortality that prevailed among the crew, that the Commodore concluded the Severn to be loll. The news, therefore, of her and the Pearl's fafcty was received with the greater pleafure, as we had kny entertained an opinion that both of them had pc- rillicd. But to return from this digrtflion : From the 1 11 to the 1 5th of April, wc had Itormy weather, with heavy rains and fuch amazing and ter- rifying claps of thunder and flalhes of lightning as no- thmg of the kind I had ever fecn or heard bore any proportion to. This was upon the breaking-up of the eafterly monloon, when fuch ftorms are ufual in the country, accompanied fometimes with dreadful gulls of wind, called here by the name of Tuflbons, ot the etfeiTca of which the Cluhefc relate very wonderful floriea. While we were warping out of the harbour, the Commodore went on Ihore to Mocao, to take leave of the I'ortuguefe Governor, who had, to the utmoll of his power, behaved in a very friendly manner; and, at his coming from thefort, he was faluted with 1 5 guns. During our Hay we had entered about aofrefti hands, being chicHy l.afcars, Pcrfians, and Dutchmen; fo that our whole complement, when we failed, amounted to ■224 men and bo\s, among whom were fome of all na- tions, languages, and religions. Beinjr now at fca, we were fome time in a (late of unccrtanny what courfe the Commodore intended to (leer. He gave out at Mocao, that he was bound to Batavia, and thence to England ; but his real defign was very different. The projedt the Commodore had refolvcd upon in his own mind, was, to cruife for the annij|ai (liip from Acapuico to Manilla ; and, not dif- cou||gcd by his former difafters, he determined again to nique the cafuaitics of the Pacific Ocean, and to take his (lation oil' CapeSpirito Santo on the idand of jamal, being the firll land the .\capulco Ihips always make in approaching the Philippines. Ueing now at fea, it was no longer nccclTary to con- ceal this project ; he, therefore, fummoned all his people on the quarter-de.'k, and in a (hort, but fpirited fpcech, infoiiiicd them of' his delign; which was received by them with the malt exprellive tokens of general appro- batit«i: and fuch a co:i!!dciv:e of fucceeding dinufed itillf through all the Ihip's company, that the Com- modore, who had taken fome Chinefc llicep to fea with him for his oa n provilion, enquiring one day of his butcher, why he had lately lien no mutton at his table? the man replied (.!r>ly, that in truth there were only two Iheep left, and thele, with his honour's leave, he pro- profed to refers e lor the entertainment of the General of the galleons. When the Ce;Ui:r!oii loft the port of Mocao, flic Hood fir fome days to the weltward; and, on the firltof May, paired the illand of I'ormola; and, Itecring to the liiuthward, on tlie 4th in the evening they came in light of tb.e I'ullife 1,1 uuh, which tliey fufpcdcd to be wrong laid down by Oampier, and front obfervation found tl'.Cin j; leagues too far to the wcftward. On the :oih of \la\ , t'ley came in fight of Kfpirito Santo. As it was knowiuhere were centinels placed upon the Cape to make fignals to the Acapuico fliips, the Com- modore immediately tacked, and ordered the top-gal- lant-fails to be taken in, to prevent a difcovery: and this being the Itation in w hich he propofed to cruife, he fixed the limits between the latitude of 1 2 deg. 5omin. N. and I J deg. 5 min. the Cape itfelf lying in i2 deg, 40 min. N. and in 4 deg. of eaft longitude from Pfotel Tobago Xima. It was now the time when the Manilla Ihip was every hour expected ; for they feldom or never fail of making land in the month of June, and fome- timi's fooncr, and it was now the lall day of May, ac- cordmg to their llile, when the Commodore took his Itation. It were tedious to entertain the reader with the va- rious conjee'turcs, furmifcs, doubts, and anxieties, that agitated the minds of the jKoplc on board, .from the day they came in light of the Cape till the day that Mr, Charles Proby, a midlhipman, called out from the malt- head, A fail! T'his was on the 20th of June, jult one month after their arrival at the Cutpe. There did not remain a doubt but that it was one of theg-aileons (for two were expected this year, as none had been per- mitted to fail the year preceding); and the Commo- dore iiccordingly flood towards her. At half after fevcn in the morning, they could lee her from the deck, at which time Ihc tired a gun to leeward, and took in her Iffcf:! 36+ . .. ' mm * ,., t , ■' i . 'i' .jj i I " I COMMOJUOKE (atterwRrds Lord) A N S O N's her top-gallant-fails, as a (ignal, as it ^vas then fuppufcd, to her confort ; but in reality, as a lignal to her own fioopic to prepare for adion. The Commodore was bfprizcd to fee her ftcadily purfuc her courfc, and was now in no fear of lofing hgnt of her, as at noon he could fetch her wake. Her confort not appearing, it Wiis concluded they had parted company ; and it now became vifible, that the galleon did not intend to fly, but to figJit. Every preparation had been prcvioufly iTiadc on board the Centurion, and all hands properly inftruiflcd; fothat every man on board repaired to his port with as much regularity and unconcern as if pre- paring for a review. Thirty of the bert markfmcn lined the tops; two men placed thcmlllves at a gun to load them : and gangs of ten men each were appointed to go from gun to gun, to run them out, and fire them as fall as they were loaded. A con- rtant running fire was by this means kept up, and no interval allowed for the enemy to Hand to their guns in fafety, as is common wh^n whole broadlidcs are dif- chargcd at once. About one in the afternoon, the galleon hault-d up iicr fore-fail, and brought to under top-fails, with her head to the northward, hoirting Spanifli colours, and having the flaiidard of Spain Using at the top-gallant- mall-hcad. Aliout the lame time the Centurion hoifted her broad pendant aad colours, being within gun-lhot of the enemy j and the CoiimioJore, feeing them clcar- ingthcir decks of their cattle and lumber, gave orders to fuc the ch.ice-(i;uns, to dilhirb them in their work. The galleon returned i!)!; lire with two of her llcrn- guns, one of which luniaiaway one of our fore (hrouds, and our fore-!l.\y t.i. Ivlc, which could not have been done I V ;;■> oiliniuy bail. The Centurion fettiiig her i\y. .l-i.i.l lore and aU tor boarding, the galleon, out of a bravado, did the fame. Soon after, the Centurion fliot a-breart of the cnciny within pillol (hot, and now the engagement became hot. For the fiift half hour the Centurion over-reached the galleon, and lay on her bow, and, by the widenefs of her ports could traverfe almort all her guns upon the enemy, whilll the galleon could only bring a part of hers to bear u[ion the Centurion in return. In the heat olthe adion, the mats with which the galleon had Hulled her netting took lire, and burnt violently, blazing up near as high as the mi/'ien-top. 1 his accident threw the enemy into the utmoft terror, and alio alarmed the Commodore, for fear the galleon lliould be burnt, and for lear he himfelf might fuffcr by bcinp; dofcly giap|)lcd by her. Happily, however, that danger was averted, and the fire extinguilhed, by i-utting away the netting, and letting the whole tumble into the fea. All this while the Commodore kept his hrrt advantageous pofition, firing with great regularity and brilltnei's; while at the fame time the galleon's decks lay open to our top-men, who, having at their Jirrt volley dri\(.n the Spaniards fion) their tops, made prodigious havotk with their linall arms, killing or \«ouiiding e\eiy ollicer but one that appeared uf)on the quarur-tieck, ai'd wounding in particular the (Jcncr.il iif the galleon himfelt'. Thus the adion continued for niorc ihan halfan hour ; but then the Centurion loft the fuptrioritv of her fituation, and came dofe along-lide olthe galleon, when the enemy continued their lire w ith great activity for near an hour longer j yet, even m this polition the (Commodore's grape-lhot iwept their decks fo effectually, and the number ot the dead and wounded became fo confidenible, that they began to fall into great confulion, efpecially as the Cieneral, who was the life of the action, was no longer able to exert himfcH. '['he diforder was fo great, that their ofiicrs ^^ ere fccn from the Centurion running about to prevent rhe dcfertion of their nu.-n from their pofts : but all their endeavours were in vain; for, after having, as a lall ellbrt, fired live or ii\ guns with more judgment than ufual, they yielded up thcconteftj and, the galleon's colours being linged olf the cnfign-ftaff at the begin- ning of the engagement, flic rtnick the rtandard at the main-top-gallant-maft-head; but even this olfice would have been at the peril of the man's life, had not the 2 Commodore, obfcrving what he was abput, given cx« prefs orders to leave oA° firing. The Commodore, when the adliort wa» eiidcd re, folved to make the bcft of his way with his prize to the river Canton, being in the mean time fully ctnploycd in fecuring his prifoncrs, and in removing the trcafurc from on board the galleon into the Centurion. His lirft bufinefs was to eommiirion the Ihip, and put her under the command of proj>er oflicers: Lieutenant Sauinarez was ap^winted CCajitain, and was imme- diately ordered on board to take poflcllion of his charge. But, juft as the galleon had ftnick, the officer who commanded between decks came up, feemingly to con- giatulatc the Commodore on his conqucrt, but at the fame time privately whifpered to him, that the Centu- rion was dangeroufly on fire near the powder-room. It feems one of the lads called |m>w der-monkics, beinij hcedlefs, a cartridge that he was carrying blew up in his hands; this fired another, and that three of the lower-deck guns on ;he off lidc of the fhip, which being happily loaded and laid down for fervice, and the ports hauled up to vent the fmoke, they did not occa- lion the lead mifchief; however, the cartridges and guns together raifeti fuch a ('mother, that it was at firlt doubtful whether it proceeded from the explofion, or from a part of the iliip being on fire. In lad, ution examination, it was found to proceed from both; Ibr, part of a cartridge having fallen between the planks of the cicling, dole aft by the fcuttic of the Chaplain's cabbin, not only a confiderable fmoke ilfued out, but a very fenlible heat, and, had it not been immediately extinguiflied, the confecjuence would have been drcad- lul: to be brief, a few pails of water feafonably applied did more than all the water of the occ;ui could have elfected after an hour's delay. I'his alarm lieingthus happily fubfided, we draughted out 50 of our people (of whom myfelf wasone) to board and man the prize. 1 liad heard we had killed them 60 men, and wounded as many more, and expetled to have feen the horrid fpcdacle of mangled limbs, dead carcalTes, and decks covered with blood; but no fuch fpeclacle appeared ; a ■ party having been properly liationed, during the time of adion, to wafli away the blood, and to throw the dead over- board. We found, how ever, many defpcratcly wounded, and among them the General, who had received a mufltet-ball in his brcart, and was fo ill, or pretended to be fo ill, that it was judged unfafe to move him from his cabbin ; but all the other ofitcers, together with the palFcngers of note, were fent on board the (Jenturion. Among the latter was an old gentleman. Governor of Guam, who was going to Manilla to renew his commilfion, and who had fcarcc mounted the Centurion's fide before he was received w ith open arms by Mr. Crooden, Captain of marines, who ;{6 years before, at the battle of Al- manza, had been his prifoner, and honourably ufed by him. Thefe two renewed their old acquaintance, and Captain Crooden had a long-wiflicd-for opportunity of returning the favours he had formerly received, and which he grjitcfully remembered. 1 he lliip, upon examination, was found to contain to the value of more than a million and a half of dollars, was called the Nucftra Signora dc Cabadonga, Don Jeionitnode Montero, Commander, by nation a Portu- puefe, and accounted the moft intrepid officer employed III the Spanifli mercantile fervice: and, indeed, in my opinion, he was more brave than prudent; for, furcly, no wife man, intruflcd with fuch a cargo, fix leagues to the windward of a man-of-war purpofely ftationcd to intercept him, would have borne down upon his enemy, and braved him to his teeth, when, with the advantage of the wind, he might have gone fafe to port, from whence lie was not more than 10 or 12 leagues diflant, and where he might then have fet his purfucrat defiance. His galleon was indeed larger than the man of war, was pierced Ibr 64 guns, but had only 36 mounted, mgit of them 12 pounders, and 17 of them brafs: (he had, i-V. si-.' 'li: ?(.!(' :^., .ZenilmJ^ittMttl i)uitf.i::JZ>j(f i»l lt.JUiffi^mir^\fifJ',ifini4>ftirSt>w. >.*.ljW**^'^ ^•■^^""TTT- "1 ■(. .? >^iiif iWPtt^JUV.SU' i • -^TW-V^- " !■ 4iiJjS*-«?-' .'??*•» '<' ■'. »■ i '' ir t: ■■ hail, Ixlulfs, 7% pctenirocs, in her gunwalf, q\(3rtcri, 311(1 tops carrying each a 41b. ball; an.l, bctorc tiie en Mi'enicnt, (he .lullcred 640 inen capable of bearing iirins, ollicers, anil pafR-ngers included. She was, be- liiics, well furnidicd with fniall arms, aiul wan particu- larly provided againll bonrdinf^, both by her clolc (iiiartcrs, and by a ftrong net-work of' two-inch rope laced over her valle, and fortified with half-]>ikes placed in the manner of cheveaux ile frize ; b»it, not- withllanding all her defences, flie had fi4 men killed, and 84 wounded, whiKl the Centurion had only two men killed, and a lieutenant and 16 men uounded, all of whom recovered, one man only excepted. And now the CIomiModore learnt from fonie of the nrifontrs, that the dther (liip, which he had k(pt in the port of Acapidco the year befor-', indead of return- ing ui company with this, as was cxpechd, had failed earlier in the lealbn than ufual, and was probably got into Manill.i before the Centurion fet fail from Mocao; lo that, not"ithl method practicable but that ol llowingthe men ni the hold'i ot the two Ihips ; and as tor the ollicers, 17 m number, they were coiilincti in the I'irll Lieutenant's cabbiii, under a guard of (ix men, hrl\ depriving theni of their arms, and then keeping a flrict watch on all their motions. Indeed, the fiilVer- ing'i of the common men, fuch of them in particular who were not employed in nasigating the lliip, were unit h to be pitied; tiir, the \\eather being extremely hdt, the lU'neh of the holds loathfome beyond eonce(>- l:o;i, an>l their allowance of water but )ult liillicient to ki ep them ;ilive, being only a pint a day lor each man, it was next to ;i miracle that not a man of them died ctiiniii; their conlinement, except live of the wounded, who expired the vcrv' night thev were brought aboard ;hc Centinion. Thus circumltanccd, the motives ot hunvaniiy, as well as intcrell, llrongly urged theCom- nmdorc to hallen his return to China; and the pri/e Ih iiiif miK h damaged, both in her hull and rigging, it was touiid necellary to take her in tow for the quicker iliri)ateh. On the 21 rt of June it blew a ftorin, which continued ti'l (he 25th, when the fea ran mountains high: m this llDnii the Centurion UA\ her long-boat, and the prizes iaiincl). On the 2ti of July we palled between the Bafliee Mands, though the tippling of the fea feeincd to in- dieate hre.ikers or rocky ground ; but the wind being lo tar to the ntirtliward as to render it difticult to Mwther them, wc riilpied the danger to ihorten the vi".a;^'e. On the 8th of July we made the coalt of < lima, and on the 1 1 ',h came to an anchor olf the city ol Miuao; from tiience we proceeded to the river of I anion, where we met with the ui'ual obllruOitions from the eulh)m-houfe otliccrs, and where the Coinmodore was again obligeo, as it were, refolutely to force his «av to his intended Nation. The officer who came to tike the diinenlions of his fliips, in the ufual manner, lecined alhmifhed when he talketl of being exempted lioiii the accultomcd rates, and gave him to underlfand that the Jvnperor's duty nuill be paid by every fliip that came into his ports; and the jiilot had private in- ftniOtions not to carry the lliips through the Uocca Ty- tjris, or narrow pals that forms the entrance into the No. 44. river of Canton, till fecurity was, given fdr thclactylr tomcd charges. • ■ ■"•■ " ,'; ,';■.?.; And here it may be ncccdary jiirt to i/ieriHtinj Wit this pals, not more than a quarter of a mile in breaLltn, is defended by two forts on the oppofitc lides ; but tKelTc f he Coiimiodorc dilregarding, am being dctcrniined to enter the riyer without delay, Mthn ftcmnV I'cafoii'Uas ailjirortxrhing, he raulc-d the pilht to lie broiigl)t Wforp him/andin a dercnniiied.tone thrr.Atcncd to fiang hiin to the yard-arm, if he did not inftantly take charge ol:" the llii[>, and carry her fafe, without llriking ground, through the RrK-ca 'I'ygris into the open river. The poor i^ilot nefformed hii office, but did not cfcapc pu-i ninimet]t'h)r what he ctnild not help, lie was in- rtantly feizcd' on being rcleafed fr'om the" Centurion^ Committed to prrfbif, ;lnd i;igot'ouny difciplincd with the bamboo. However, he 'found means to get accell to the Conmiodore aftervVards, to futiplicatc a rccom- pence, who, ever ready to reward the fulfercrs in his I'eivice, g:i\e hmi I'ui I) a fiim as more than contented hini for his whipjiing. Nor was the poor jiilot thcCnly fulferer; for the (jovernOrs of the forts were both dil- placed for not lueunting what it was in vain for them to attempt to (ippi)fe, aiul tiir not doing what all the council mud know was iiiipodihlc to be done. On the i6ih the Coiiurodoie lent his .'•econd Lieu- tenant to Canton, with ;i h'tter 10 the \'ifcrov, adigning hi., reafons for putting iriio that port, demanding ;i li- cenre for piirehating provilions and (lores, and intimat- ing an intt Mtion of waiting upon bis Lxcellciic y in pcr- fon to make his ai know ledgcmcnts. The Lieutcnnnt was civilly received, and proniifed an anfucr ihc next day. In the mean time, the principal (rllicers of the pri/e ilclired permillion to go to Canton on their pa- role, which was readily granted. 'I'hefe no fooner ar- rived, than they were called before the magidracy, and examined; when they gcnerouHy and frankly acknow- ledged that they (ell into the hands of the Commodore by the chance of war, and that though they were pri- loners, they were notwithdanding at liberty to treat for their rcleafe; they faid (iirthcr, that it was not the cuf- tom aiimng l*'.uro|)ean nations to putprifoners to tleath; hut that the law s of war authorized much feverer treat- ment than they had hitherto met with fi\)ni theif con- querors. 'I'his ( onddion from an enemy had great weight wit'itlic Chinofe, who, till then, though they had revered the C'omniodore's ni«val force, had vet fu(- ]iocted Ins inm.ds, and hatl conlidercd him rather as a lawlefs tree-boo'.ei, than as one commillioned by the date for the levcnge of public injuries. On the joth of July, three Mandarines with their re- tinue came on board, and brought the Viceroy's permit f()r a daily fupjily ot' provilions, and lor pilots to carry the fhipsupthe river as hij^h as the fecond bar ; and, at the fame time they delivered a melliigefiiMn the Vice- roy, inanfwer to that part of the Commodore's letter which related to his vidting his Lxcclleiuy; the fub- dance of which mediige was, that the Viceroy w idied the Commodore to defer his vitit till the hot fcafon was over, but that, in .'September, when the weather would be more temperate, he fliould be gl.ul to reccixc him. This the Commodore looked upon as a fineffc, know- ing an exprcfs was Cent up to the Emperor's court at Peking; whence the real motive for putting od' the vi- (it feemeil to be to gain time to receive the Kmperor'.'S inftrucHions concerning the ccreinony to be obfcrved at his reception. 'I'he Mandarines, having difpatchcd this jiart of their conutiillion, next entered upon the budnefsof the port charges; whereupon the Commc- dore at once cut them (liort, by telling them, that, as he did not cocne to trade, h,e was not to be treated u|)on the fame footing with tniding (hips; that his Britannic Majelly's (hips never paid cudoms in the ports of b'lnope, nor ever would be fub|ecl: to any pe- cuniary impolts in any other port whatever. Finding nothing to be gained on this head, they told the Com- modore, that they h.id Hill another matter in charge, .mtl that w;is the rcleafe of the prifoners taken on board the galleon; (or that the Lmperor would nc\criK'rmit 4 /- the $64 CoMMODOR B (aftcrwardB I< o r o) A N S U N '• xM.m the A'l icCh of princes with whom he wa/i in alliance to he hclil in bondage in his doinininns, nor could the Viceroy anfwvr it to his Sovereign if he fiillcred it; «nd that, therefore, his Excellency hoped that the Cotnn>o- dorc would give immediate orders for their reicafe. Though nothing could be more agreeable to the Commodore, who wanted much to be rid of the in- cumbrance, than this requilition, yet, to inhancc the favour, he at full raifed difhcultics; but at length fuf- fcred himfelf to be prevailed upon by their intrcatics, and concluded, by alTuring them, thai, to fliew his rea- dincfs to oblige, he would deliver up the prifonen when- ever the Viceroy would pleafc to order boats to fetch them. Matters being thus adjulk-d, the Mandarines departed: and, in a k-w days, two Chinefc junks were fent from Canton to carry them to Mocao, under the diredion of one Captain Fial, Commander of a Spa- nifli merchant-man, to whofe (hip we gave chace in our palTagc from the Baflicc Iflands to Mocao, but loil fight of her in the night. To this gentleman the General of the galleon, and all his officers, except one who accompanied us to Ljigland, were delivered bo. And now I have occa- fion to mention the General, I cannot help relating an affair which gave us on board the prize a great deal of concern, and futTiciently flicwed the meannefs of his fpirit, and his beggarly craft. I have already taken no- tice of his being wounded in the engagement, and of his being indulged with the ufe of his own cabbin till he was fit to be removed. The Commodore over and above this indulgence, fent him a furgeon from his own (hip, upon a complaint that the Spanilh furgeon on board the galleon was quite ignorant in his profcffion -, but at the fame time he fent an officer to demand his commilTion. Pretending to the officer that he was unable to move, he rekrred him to a fmall box in a locker of his private cabbin, in which, he faid, it was, and likewifc a fword-bclt let with diamonds of great value, his own property; but, upon fearch, neither the commifTion nor the belt could be found : and, as fomc of our people had been rummaging both that and other parts of the (hip, he prote(\ed, that, if they could not DC there found, they murt have been taken away and concealed. Under colour of this concealment, though he never produced his commilTion, he all along re- ceived the inoft humane and gentlemanlike treatment that the mofl worthy officer could defire or expect; and fill'h was continued till his departure, when neither his chefts, of which he had two very large ones, nor any of his trunks or cafes were fuffered to be fearched: but every thing which he claimed as his perfonal etreOts were delivercato him u ith the grratell care and punc- tuality ; though, as I was afterwards informed, he had many valuable ventures concealed, which ought to have been delivered up as prize to the captors; but, as that was never examined into, he carried them off" with the re(^, and, it was fuppofed, was not the Icuit among the gainers by the capture of his (hip. He perfil^cd, how- ever, to the laft in the lofs of his commilHon and belt, and, though there were none on board on whom he could charge thi. theft, yet the Commodore fufficiently cxprefTed his difplcafurc againft the whole by the pro- hibition he laid upon us, as foon as the prize came to an anchor in the river, by which alt communication was cut off between us and the country people, and no boat fuffered to come near us but our own ; by which (c- vereorderwe were entirelydcbarred from purchafing our own provifions and neccllarics from the Chincfe, which the people in the Centurion were at full liberty to do; neither could we employ the Chinefc tradefmen to fup- ply us with apparel, of which we flood greatly in need, though in that toothc Centurion's pcoplewcre indulged: and all this for no other rcafon, that was ever afUgned, but that, if the jewels the General had loft were con- cealed, the Commodore was determined the fccretcr (liouldhave no opportunity of difpofing of them with- out being difcovercd. Mad this precaution been taken, as itougnt, for the fatisfadion ofthofc who fuffered un- der the fevcrity of the ccnfurc, and had the effects of 4 the Spanilh General Itciii propiily iiifpciitcd, tlii.' {'■■. creter would have been publukly exooledi tor, wfiin we afterwards fell ilown toMocau witn the lliipn, ufidi. we fold the prize, 1 uai myfelf told bv an Inlli priri}, that the(icneral had both his cuininifVion aiul lihbcit' that he innde no^feint of the matter at Moiio; ami that he had offered the jewels (being only made up by way cf blind) among the merchants for fale. I3ut to return: during our (lay in the river Cuntun our people were employed in repairing the Centurion] over-hauling her fails and rigging, cleanling ami vciu tiiating her decks and quarters mIow, nnd in paying and decorating her hull ; infoiiiuch, that when Ihc ( anic to fail, file had more the appearance of a lliip luwly fitted out, than one that had been a three years voyijic in traverling the globe. While thefe thingn were iloinu on board the Centurion, we in the pri/.e wen; biiliiii in rummaging for treafure, till about the latter end of Auguft, wnenwcmade a full end of our fearch, und found, upon account of the captors, in fpccie, 1,27s, J40 dollars, and i,:i:4 of wrought plate and virgin lllvcr. The jewels we found were not then valued. At the fame time that the inferior oflicrrs and fia- men were employed in thefe different Icrviccs, ihc Commodore had a flill more important tnilinefs in lund. He knew it was impolfiblc for us ' proceed to i.uinnc without an ample fiipply of provifions and otfur lea (lores; and, though we were furnilhed with a d.iilv aU luwance, yet no order had been obtained for victualiin^ us fur our intended voyage. Application had indeed been made, and terms agreed upon with the conir.ir. tors to furnilh whatever was nrcclfary; and thcv li.id undertaken to procure the Viceroy's permiflion Un tlic delivery; but when, about the middle of Septcinbcr, the proper officer was fent to enquire what foruardMifs the(c thmgs were in, he found that neither the bakci had begun to oake the bread, nor the butcher to kil'. i|ie oxen, nor was the lead (lep taken to comply with any one article of the agreement. We could no otherM id- account for this faithlefs procedure of the Chinefc, than by fupiwfing they meant to (larve us into a compliance with their accuftomed demands tor port charges, with which chc Commodore uas determined never to ac- quiefce. Indeed, it was fuf)>eifled, that the contrac- tors themfelves had lome intcrefl in pruiiKXing the de- lay, though it was not eafy to penetrate the views liy which they were influenced, as it may with truth be ai- ferted, that in artifice, fallhood, and attachment to all kinds of lucre, the Chinefc, as a nation, are not to Ix- paralleled by any other people under the fun. It were endlefs to recount all the artifices, extortions, and frauds, which were pradifed on the Commodore and his people by this intcrefled race. The method of buying provi- fions in China being by weight, the tricks made ufc of tn make them heavy arc alnwft incredible. At one I'.ne a number of fowls and ducks being bought for the Cur 's llore, the grcateft part of them preftntly died, uSich fpread a general alarm on board left they llioiild have died of poifon; but, on examination, it was dif- covercd that they had been crammed with fiiiall Hones and gravel to increafc their weight. The hogs, too, bought of the Chinefc butchers ready killed, were toiiiid to have had water injeCfed into the carcafes for the I'.iinc purpofe; and when, to avoid this cheat, the hogs were bought alive, it was found that fait had been given them to increafc their thirft.that methods had been ufed to fupprefs their urine, and that, the tortured aniinais had been fold in that inflated ftate. Mr. Walter adds — [for it is on this authority that thefe inllancesaic re- ported] — that, as the Chinefc never fcruplc to eat the animals that die of themfelves, they contrived, by their fecret pracliccs, when the Commodore put to fea, that part of his live fea-ftore (hould die in a Ihort time after It was put on board : in order, therefore, to make a fe- cond profit of the dead carcafes which they expected would be thrown over-board, they followed in boats to pick up the carrion; and, accordingly, two thirds of the hogs dying before they were out of fight of land, their labour could not be in vain. The ^nulf» nUu*M/ (v.^r^'ffi^ ,1/ l*r/(i>tfiM.^nik,^ \'<*/\itmnrt^/t,m 5 ■f ij' '; Df!4t ■isfeii ;:.i. i: > ii{a»^»'^"'< l.ii^imJ'itkijVu./ ^Y.J/»t.''J/,'.iy,itt/ie KiHtJiJnil.i: \:,l< PiilrflWstirHtlt: ?^;. ,;>■{'• ••'??i ;•'* ''■ '1! 1 ■ ' 1 il'iiH^f:! ''■■fi:';.! ■ ''\.' 1 < 4 *»'■•!*■« l'' VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. ?,(>7 The treachery of the contradlors being now difco- vercd, the Commodore determined to renew i.>. former requifition for an audience with the Viceroy. With this view, he notified his intention to the proper Man- darine, and defircd that he would fix the time with the Viceroy when he would be plcafed to receive him ; at the fame time giving him to underftand, that, on the firft of Oiflobcr, he intended to proceed in his boat to Canton. T'ic Mandarine returned for anfwer, that he would acquaint the Viceroy with the Commodore's in- tentions. As it was apprehended, that the payment of the cuftomary duties would be demanded at this interview, the Commodore took the neceflary precautions to pre- vent the Chiiiefe from facilitatingthe fuccefsof their pre- tcnfions by having him in their power at Canton, and, thcrcfore.gavc the command of the Centurion to his Firll Lciutenant Mr. Brett (now Sir Piercy),withorder.sif he fliould be deuined, to lie at the mouth of the river, and fuffer no ftiip or boat to pafs or repafs till he was rc- leafcd, by which the whole navigation of the river would be immediately obftrudlcd. This being known to the Chinefc, they were now more than ever cmbarraflcd in their deliberations. The morning of the ift of Odobcr arrived, and juft as the boats crew, eighteen in number, which the Commo- dore propofed to take with him, appeared in their uni- form, namely, fcarlet jackets and blue filk waiftcoats, the whole trimmed with lilvcr, with filver badges on their jackets and caps, his linguill came to him from the Mandarine, to tell him. that a letter had been re- ceived from the Viceroy, dcfiring the Commodore to defer his intended purpofe for two or three days, which not being doubted, the men were ordered to be undrcl>, and the preparations were all laid afide; but, in the af- ternoon of the fame day,another linguid came on Ixxird, fccmingly in a great panic, informing him, that the Viceroy had expmcd him up that day; that the coun- cil was aflcmbled, and the troops underarms to receive him; and that the Viceroy was highly incenfed at the difappointmcnt, and had lent the Commodore's linguift to prifon, chained, fuppofing him to be the fole caufe of the contempt. "This plaufiblc talc gave the Commo- dore great uneafincfs, not at that time fufpcding any inipofition ; and though it afterwards appeared to be all mure farce, yet the falftwod was fo well fiippi)rted by the artifices of the Chinefe merchants, that three davs afterwards the Commodore received u letter, figncd by all the Supercargoes of the EngUfli ftiips then at the place, cxprclting their uneafincfs at what had liap[)ened, jnd intimating their fears that fome infult would be of- fered to his boat, if he attempted to come to Canton before the Viceroy was fully fatislicd of the miftake. To this letter the Comntodore replied, that he did not ^'!itvc there had been a miftake, but was perfuadcd it i> f 1 forgery of the Chinefe to prevent his vifiting the '. f.R.y; that, therefore, he would certainly come up r C ';ton on the 13th ofOftober, confident that the • h' ,r would not dare to offer him any infult, as well ' r winu he (hould want neither power nor inclination to m:i.v them a proper return. On the 13th of October, the Commoelorc continuing finnto his refolutions, all the Supercargoes of the Eng- li(h, Danifli, and Swculfh (hips, came on board the Centurion, to accompany him to Canton, for which place he fet out in his barge the fame day, attended by nisown boats, and by thoicof the trading fhips, which nn this occafion were fcnt to augment his retinue. As he pIFcd by Wampo where the European vcflcis lay, he was faluted by all of them except the French, and in the evening he arrived fafely at Canton. The Chmefc merchants, who aftcdlcd to appear very mueii pleafcd that he had met with no op(x)fition in his way, pretended that the Viceroy was then fo fully employed in preparing his difpatchcs for Peking, that there was no getting admittance to him; but that they had engaged one of the officen of his court, as foon as he was at leifure, to notify the Commodore's arrival, and endeavour to fix the audience. Though the Com- iHodorc knew this to be a falfchood, yet he fuffcred himfclf to be perfUaded by the European Supcrcafgocs not to appear to doubt it, provided the Chinefe mer- chants would undertake that his bread fliould be baked, his meat falted, and his ftorcs in rendincfs, within the fpace of 40 days; after which timtj if the Icaft article was pretended to be forgotten, he would force his way to the Viceroy, and prefer his complaint. During the in- terval, while the contradlors were endeavouring in ear- ncft to fulfil the terms of tne agreement on their part, (which by the way they infilled fliould be paid for in advance on his), a fire broke out in the fuburbs of Can- ton, which on the firft alarm might eafily have begn extinguilhed, by pulling down fome of the adjoining iheds; which the Commodore with his officers and crew obferving, were inflantly about to carry into execution; but they were told, that whatever they pulled down they muft build up again at their own expcnce, and that none but a Mandarme muft prefume to diredt upon fuch occafions. The Commodore, on ttiis admonition, difpatchcd his people to the Englifli fadlory to alTift them in fecuring their effcdls, as it was eafy to forcfee that no diflance was fafe from fire, where the common people contented thcmfelvcs with gazing at it, and now-and-then holding up an idol or two to cxtinguifli it. At length, however, a Mandarine came out of the city, with 4 or 500 firemen, who made fome very feeble efforts to pull down the neighbouring houfes; but by this time the fire had extended itfcif, and had fpread among the merchants warehoufes, where the Chinefc firemen had neither fpirit nor (kill to encounter it ; fo that it was feared the whole city would have been laid in a(hes. In this emergency, the Viceroy vouchfafed to makehis appearance, and a me(rage was lent to thcCom- modorc requefting his alTiftance. Accordingly, he haf- tened a fecond time, with about 40 of his people, to the place where the fire raged with the moft violence, and in fight of the whole city performed fuch daring, and, to the people who beheld them, fuch aftonifliing feats, that they looked upon them as falamanders, and cried out, that they could live in fire. In truth, it w as no un- common thing to fee the boldeft and moft adive among them tumble on the roofs amiilft the ruins of the houfes which their own efforts had brought down under them. And thus, by their refolution and agility, the fire was very foon fubducd, to the aftonifliment of the Chinefe who were fpedlators of the wonders they performed. On this occafion the Swcdifh was the only Pliiropcan fadory that fuffcred; yet on my arrival in England, to my no finall divcrlion, I read in the Paris Gazette, that the city of Canton had been almoft wholly deftroyed; and that, in particular, the Englifli, Dutch, Danifli, and PortuguefcfaCtories, had been burnt down, and almoft all their cfftiU confumed ; but that the French fadory had providentially efcapcd,their goods being all ftiipped before the conflagration reached the quarter allotted for thi;ir refidence. This fignal afliftance gained the Admiral much, rc- fped; he was the next day waited upon by the princi- pal inhabitants with prefents and thanks; and foon af- ter, a melfagccamc from the Viceroy appointingthc 30th of November for the day of audience. Being highly pleafcd with his laft intimation, he inftantly gave orders for the nccelfary preparations; and engaged Mr. Flint, a gentleman belonging to the Englifli fadory, for his interpreter, who, being trained up from his infancy among the Chinefc fpoke their language fluently, and who was not afraid to declare with boldnefs what the Admiral delivered him in charge, a part which the Chi- nefc interpreters would not have dared to have per- formed with equal fidelity. On the day appointed, at i oo'clock, the (roniniodore and his retinue fet out; and, as he entered the outer gate of the city, he was met by a guard of 200 foldicrs, who conduced him to the great parade before the Empe- ror's palace, in which the Viceroy then rcfided, where a body of troops to the number of 1 0,000 w ere draw n up under arms, who made a tine appeanmce, being all new cloathed for this ceremony. Through the middle of this body the C^ommodore w ith his retinue marched to the :m..iJ'^**>' v!i m 368 Co MM ODOR F. (iiiteiwflrds Lord) ANSON's the hall of audience, whoie he fouiul the Viceroy featcd under a rich canopy in the iMiipcror's chair of ftatc, with all his council of Mandarines attending. I Jc was fcutcd the third in order from the Viceroy, the chiefs of the law and foaliiry hcin<^ the only perfona fcated above him. lie then, addrcllinc; himfelf to the Vice- roy by his intcipreter, complained to him of the dc- •l;iy.shchad met with, tlic inlinrerity of thofc he had employed, the vexatioii.s impolitions of the olV.ccr.s of the cudoms the uriev.mces of the Hritilli fnbjeds, and, finally, the lofs fiid.iin.d by the Haflingfield Indiainan, who had arrived there difiu.dled but a few day.s before the fire h.Tppened, by which the crew had been p;re.\i fufferers, and the Captain in [lartic ular, who had loll a chell of trcafure value 4500 tahel. To the latter article the Commodore receixed for anfwer, that, in fctilinii; the Umpcror's culloms with that fliip, the C;i|)tain fliould lie conliderfd. To the other complaints, the Commodore receiuti no anfwer at all. And having now gone through the feveral articles he had in charge from the company, he cnt>ied next upon his oun atfair.s, and particularly concerning the licence to lliip olf his provilions and llorcs, which, he ("aid, were all ready, and the feafon for failing was now fet in. '1 lie Viceroy replied to this, that the licence fiiould he im- mediitelv illiied, and that everv thing (hould be ordered on hoard the following da\ . I'he l)uliiicfs being now at aiv end, the \'iceroy continuetl the comerfaiiDH lor fomc time on matters of indiU'crcnce and curiolity ; and, afier obrcrving that the Centurion li.ul been long on their t oall, he concluded wiih ;■ 'rowledgments tor the I'crvii IS the Commodore had i' i' ^ 'l;e ( hiiule nation bv the activity of his people u. !■ fire, and with w idling him a profperoiis vo> o Cireat Britain. Thus happily 1 ()ncludci, "i.i. ,1 (UK- brec7.e, and a gentle rain, a violent and Imlilm lliunll took us a-hcad, thnw all the ihip's (ail, a-lvuk, eaiii-'dauavhcr tore-top-liul vard,fplit the lorr-lailjlc li>re-top-(ail, the torciop-g.dlant-fail, and the ivr,- oa and mi77en.top-(iiil. During this (quail the Ihiji l.u.l down \ery much, and we were in the utniod danj:iT ot our mads coining by the hoanl ; but inoviikiuiilly we e("i ailed without tiirther damatrc. The (Ith of June, in the evening, it being a thick Uw, we on a fu.Ulen law a Ihip clofc by us ; wc bred a llmi,' an,l bl^vl^ht her to. She proved an F.nghlh Hup trom \:iV.'eid; in, bound tinr Phil.adelphia or CiTohiia, unh Palatine emigrants. .She gave u.s the (iril notice ol a war with Irance, and proceeded on her vov.ij'c. Ihc lothof June we came into foundings. The nth, at half pad eleven in the morning, we difcovcred liiivc fail, and at one in the afcernoon (poke with one of iluni, being a Dutch diip (loni Dublin. .'\t the fame tniu-, the fecon.l being pretty near us, (hewed Dutch coknirs. The third, who had been in chacc of the others iIk* whole day, perceiving we deligned to ("peak uiili lnr, (loo.l from us with all the fail die lould crowd. Wd gave cliace to her tor about three hours, when tiiuiipi; we did not gain upon her, we retiimed our toniiLT courfe. On the i :th, in the morning, the ttigcliaria'» up, we perceived the l.i/ard Point : iiut that the (ii;iiil puils, which had (o often threatened us, and In 111 which wc hail been more than once providcntialh df- livcred, might be dilcovcrable to the lad, wc wcr,: afterwards tokl that there was a hrcnch tlect of conii- derible force cniidng in the chops of the Ohaiiml, through the middle of which we had this night l"a,!c,l without being pi rceived. On the I (th, b twecii the Kle of Portland and t'e llle of Wight, wc Caw a (lup tow ing another which \»,is difabUd in her mads. Tlli.^ Ihip proved the .s,i!;i- mamler priv.itcer, with a Firm h pri/.e. 'I'lie i (th.nt eleven in the morning, we anchored at the bark ot the nil of Wight, and. in the evening weighed, and a^.;im am hored .it .Spithead. Thus we limthed a long .iiiJ perilous Miyagc, which had lalUd three ve.irs ami iiin*; months alter having by its events, a.s Mr. Waller ob- ((■rves, d-roiigjv evinced this im|>oriant truth, " lii:it though prudence, imrepidity, and perleverance, iiniteJ, are no; exemuti-d from the blows of advnfe (iirtuiic, yet, in a long (erics of traidaciions, tiny iifually rife lu- pcriorto its power, and in the end rarely fail of prov- ing fill celsdil." 1-laving now brought this cilebratcd voyage to a coiicliilioii, ^^■4-Sitit- ■Aii]; ;^:!'ff ^' ;ill^' Xinilfn-HMvA'i/fi. l/i.i If.iM.il ■'»■ ■ .1'' fit ' !-- ^illf .0 .J .'♦^v t - ,( M tJi^L 1 .. '.':'^rl<^ > awv ■• - • '■■■■ -•V 't.-.i\. :*'*' ! * VOYAGE Round the W O R I. D. 369 concludon.it may, perhaps, be cxpedcd that wc lliould civefomc account of the Spanilh fquadron, which we have more than once had occafion to mention, and which was fo near intercepting the Commodore at firft fettine out, that, had the Spanifli Admiral cruifcd to the eaftward of the idand of Madeira, inftead of the weftward of it, the two fleets muft have certainly met ; and in that cafe, whatever had been the event of the aflion. the progrefsofthc voyage muft have been cfFcc- tuallv prevented. This fquadron was compofed of the followmg (lups: the Afia. of 66 guns, 70x2 men, commanded by Don lofeph Pizarro, as Admiral ; the Guipufcoa, 74 Runs, -00 men; the Hcrmiona, S4R""s. 5°° ^^^^ • ^^^ '^''P<^- I'anza. <0 guns, 450 men; the Lftcvan, 40D;uns,;j50 men ; and a patachc of 20 guns, 1 20 men ; and over and above this complement, they had on board an old Si)a- ni(h regiment of foot, intended to reinforce their gar- rifons in the South Seas, and to counterbalance the land forces that it was known were intended to be put on board the Commodore. When this fleet had cruifed, as has-been faid, to the leeward of Madeira, till they were in .-» manner ccrtam that the Commodore, had cither palfed by, or deterred his voyage, their Admiral deternuncd topurfue his in- ftniclions, and continue his courfe to the South Seas j but firft, it was neccllary to fteer to the coaft of Brazil to recruit his provifions, being victualled only tor tour months, and more than two of the four being already clapfcd. ... XT 1 Accordingly, al»out the bcgmnmg of November, 1740, he quitted his llation otf the M.»dciras, and, on the 5th of January following, arrived at the rivir of Plate; where coming to an anchor in the bay ot Mal- Hando, he fcnt immediately to Uucnos Ayres tor a fupplv. . i • .1. i_ mile they lav here, they received intelligence, by the treachery of the Portuguefc(rt>vcmorof St. Cathe- rine's of the Commodore < arrival at that port, and of the weak condition he vm the.i in; but, whatever were his rcafoiis, Pizarro declined making any other ulc ot this intelligence, than haftening his prepvatinns to double the cape, which he hoped to eflkt before the Commodorx: was in rcadinefs to follow him. With this view, after rcfrctliing his crew, and recruiting his water, he inftantly fer fail without waiting lor his pro- villons (which, however, arrived a day or two after he fctfaiti, rightly concluding, that if he got the ftart of the Commodore in the South Seas, he (liould not only alarm the coaft, but fo ftrenglhen the forts againft the attacks of the enemy, as citedually to baffle their dc- ficns by depriving them of the means of procuring ucccffaries. Bur, notwithftanding this precipitation, the Commodore put to fea four days before him, and, in fome part of the palfage round the Cape, the Hects were fo near each other, that the Pearl, as has been laid, being feparatcd in a ftorm, ran within gun-ihot ot the Afia, before ftie found her miftakc. It was with the utmoft difficulty, and not without confiderablc rewards, that the Spanifti failors were pre- vailed upon to undertake the palFage round Cape Horn »t that tempeftuous feafon : however, being once en- gaged, they continued to pcrfcvcre, till by the latter end of February they had run the length of the Cape, and were turning to the wcftward, when a ftorm arofc, in which the Guipufcoa, Hcrmiona, and Fifperanza, loft fmht of the Admiral, and on the 6th of March the Guipufcoa was fcparated from the other two. On the 1th the ftorm increafed, and by its irrefiftiblc violence drove the whole fquadron to the eaftward, and, after fcvcral unfuccefsfuleflbrts, obliged them to return to the coSftofBrazil, where the Afia took flielter in the river of Plate, and about the middle of May was Joined by the Efperanza and Eftevan; the Hermiona having, as was fuppofcd, foundered at fea, as ftie was never more heard of, and the Guipufcoa being run afliore and funk on the coaft of Brazil. The patachc, we ftiould have obfcrvcd, was condemned before they quitted the coaft of Brazil, and her crew diftributed among the other (hips s fo that Of the fu ftiips of which this No. 45. "*■ ^ : . fquadron originally contiftcd, there now only rtniaiiud thrccj[and tliofc in a moft miferable condition; for, though it does not appear, that the Spaniards were fo fcvercly vifited with that moft fat.il difcale the Ila-fcur- vy, which carried oft' fo many <>t' the JMiglilh in this palFage, yet they were reduced by taininc to I'uch infi- nite diftrefs, that rats, when they could be caught, \\ ere fold for four dollars a-piece; and a failci-, who died nu board, had his death concealed for fcvcral days by his brother, who during that time lay in the I'ainc him* mock w ith the dead corpfe, only to receive the dead man's allowance. In thisdre;idfiil fituation, they were alarmed by the (lifcovrry of a confpiracy among the foldiers on board the Alia, to murder the Admiral, and all the (hip's crew, originating from no other motive but that of ap- propriating the whole ftock of provifions to the con- ipirators own proper ufe. But this plot was prevented, when juft upon the point of execution, by means of the priefl on board, who, having taken the confclTion of orv; of the confpirators as he lay at the point of death, pur- fued proper mcai'ures to defeat their bloody purpofes, and to bring three of the ring-leaders to condign pu- nilhincnt. But, though thi-i combination failed i,C its ciTedl', there were other diftreflcs that multiplied upon them, and which could not be prevented. I4unpprand thirft, the inoft dreadful of all other calamities, daily became more grievous ; the fliips grew continually more and more leaky, and the men lefs able to ftand at the pumps j notliing was to be feen but defpondency in every coun- tenance; nothing heard but lamentations and com- plaints, which were embittered by the ablijlutc impof- relieving them. Under the weight of thefe ircumlianccs, the Alia was near linking, ii'-iiliiy of atlcVliiig CI when the arrived at Monte Vedio with fcarce half her crew alive. The liftevan, when flie anchored in the bay of Barragan, had in like manner loft about the fame number of her hands; but, what was ftiU wcrfc, and is almoft incredible, the Efper.-inza, out of a crew of 450 feamcn which ftie brought iVom Spain, had only 58 that reached the lliore, and the whole regiment of foldiers, 60 men only excepted, pcrilhed. Being now in want of all kinds of necefliiries, marts, yards, rigging, provifions, and money, Pizarrodifpatched an exprels overland to St. Jago, in Chili, to be from thence forwarded to the Viceroy of Peru, deliring a remittance of 20Q.000 dollars ; and what muft aftonifti the reader is, that the Indian who was charged with this difpatch, though in the dcpih of winter, when the Cordilleras are judged impafTahlc by reafon of the fnow, was only ij days in his journey from Buenos .\yres to St. Jago, places diftant from each other 30O Spanilh leagues. At the fame time an advice-boat was fent with a letter of credit to Rio Janeiro, to purchafe what w as wanting of the Portiiguefe ; but neither the one .lor the other of thefe difpatchcs fuccceded to the with of thj Spanilh Admiral. The Viceroy, inftead of joo.ooodolLirs, fen: him only 100,000; and the Portu- gueie, inftead of furniftiing him w ith mafts and yards, the principal articles of naval ftores that he wanted, fpared him only fome pitch, tar, and cordage, with which he was obliged to be contented : but a more mor- tifying difappointmcnt he had ftill to fufter; for a car- penter, whom, after the return of the money, he had truftcd with a confiderablc fum, and whom he had fent up into the country of Paraguay to cut mafts, in- ftead of profecutingthc bufincfs with which he was en- trufted, married in the country, and fettled out of his reach, refuting to return. In this dilemma, the only thing that could be done, wak, to ftiiftthemafts of ihcEfperanza into the Afia, and to fit up the Eftevan with what fparc mafts and yards they could mufter, and w ith thefe two Ihips to hazard a ferond attempt to double Cape Horn, as it was now fummcr, and the weather lefs fevcre. But a certain fatality feemcd to prclide over every part of this unfortunate expedition. The Eftevan, as the was com- ing down the river Plate, ran on a ftioal and beat of^ her rudder ; and the Alia, though Ihe proceeded alon^ S A wUh m AX^di"^*- 37° Commodore (atterwarils L o k u) A N S O N 's VOYAGE. with moderate \M.;\llnr .mil a lavouialilc {ijale, yet when fliecamc to the hi ij^hi (it ('.ijie I lorn, aini \va.s tack- ing to chanfje her i out fe to the «elhvard, liy fome niif- condud in \vearin{;; the Ihip, rolled away her niafts, and was a ("eiond time torcid back to the ri\er of Plate j from wiiente Fizairo iiiuiertook to crofs the continent by land, and with fome dilliculty accomplillied his dellgn. By this time Don Mindiniictta, Captain of the Cui- pufcoa, wrecked, as has been faid.on thccoall of Bra- zil, arrived, w ith thole of his crew who cfcaped, at the place of general rende/vous; and, finding the I'.fpe- ranza without malls, applied a fecond time to the I'or- tugiiefe, by whole allillame he ci.mpleted her repair, and, in 17421 doubled the Cape, and arrived in the South Seas, where he was met by I'izarro, who claimed the command of the I'fpcranza, which Mindiiniitta difpiiting, an irreconcikable (.iiiarrel arol'e betwemihe two Commandeis, which the X'iceroy of Peru in \:\in endeavoured to leconcilc. In 1 745, they both retuiiKd overland to the coalt- of Brazil, where they found the Alia ftill in a (l.attered condition. This iliip, how- ever, they deteriniiud to carry to Europe, and, with this view, thev lilted her up in the bell manner they could J anil, iiavini; manned her partly with Portu- guefe, partly with Injiilh prifoners, and paitly with Spaniards, together with Icme Indians whom they forced out of the country, they fet fail from Monte Vedio for I'-uropc abcHit the beginning of Novem- ber; but they had not been long nt fea before the In- dians, eleven in number, formed a confpiracy to de- flroy the .Spaniardsj and to regain their liberty, in which they had hopes of being ioincd by the Engliih ind Portuguefe, whom the Spaniards ufed with great nfolcncc. At the head of this confpiracy was their Chief Orellana; .-vnd one evening, about nne o'cloi k, he and his companions came all tojiether on 'Me ijuar- tcr-deck,and drew towards the door of the great cab- bin. The boatfwain immediately reprimanded them, and ordered them to begone; on this Orellana fpoke to his followers in his native language, when four of them drew off, two towards each gangway, and the Chief and the remaining fix fecmcd to be flowly quitting the quarter-deck. When the detached Indians had taken poflTelHon of the gat>g-way, Orellana placed his hands hollow to his mouth, and bellowed out the *ar-cry ufed by thofe favages. This was the lignal for begin- ning the mallacre; accordingly, the lix, viith their Chief, who remained on the quarccr-dcck, falling fud- denly on the Spaniards who were intermingled witli them, laid near Jbrty of them at their feet, of whuh above twenty weic killed on the fpot, jind the reft ilif. ablcd. Many of the officers, in the beginning of the tumult, pullied into the great cabbin, where they nut out the lights, and barricadoed the door; whilll ui ik^ rell, fome endeavoured to elca|)c along thegaiir-v.im into the fbiccalUe, where the Indians plaied on pur- pofe Ihibbcd the greatcft part of them as thev attnii|'ti;il to pal's by ; others threw thcmfelves into the wallc, anil thought themfelves fortunate to lie concealed anidivll the cattle; but the greatelV part efcaped up the niaui- (hrouds, and flieltered tliemlelves either in the tops or tl'.e rigging; and though the Indians attiickcd onl) the i]uarter-detk, yet the wati b in the fiuecallle fiminv their communication cut otV, in the uimoll terror liki" wife gave all over for loft, and in great confulion ran up into the rigging of the fore-maft and bowfiirir. Hut when the Indians had intirely cleared the qiiarnr- deck, the tumult in a great meafure fublided; tiir, not bcin;; joined, as they expected, by either the I'.ngliil; or Portuguefe, they could not purine tlieir advantage liv carrying thediforder into thofe ijuarters to which ijuv had driven the Spaniards, who thereby {.gained tiiiif tor rei'olleCtion; and, on linding none loncerned in ihc plot but the Indians, they refolved to attack tluin 111 their turn on the quarter-deck. With this view, I'l- zarroand his officers ventured to half-open thccalihin- door, which Orellana attempting to force, was lliot dead by Mindiiuietta; on which his liiithful followtrs, abandoning all thoughts of further reliftance, inftantlv leaped into the fea. Thus was this infurrcction i]ucllcd, and the Spaniards fuft'ered afterwards quietly to pro- ceed an their vo) age ; and, about the beginning of 1 746, they arrived fafe in Spain, after having been abfent bc- tw iiii liiur and live years. By this unfortunate expeiiition the naval force of Spain was much weakened: they lolf in it jooo t)f their iicll fuilois, one whole regiment of veteran foldiers, fmir ftout ihi[« of war, and a patachc; for we have oh- ferved that the Hcrmiona foundered at fea; the Caii- pufcoa was ftranded and fiirk on the coaft of Ihx/.u; the St, I'.ftevan was condemned and broke up in the river of Plate; and the fclfperanza, being carried into the South Seas, was unable to redouble the Cape, or to return back ; fo that the Alia alone may be regarded :u all the remains of that fquadron with which Pizano full put to fea. ,..! - ■',*• A NEW, AUTHENTIC, and COMPLETE ACCOUNT of A VOYAGE Round the WORLD, UNDERTAKEN AND PERFORMED By Sir FRANCIS DRAKE, in the Pelican, HAVING UNDER HIS COMMAND The Elizabeth, Marygold, Swan, and Chriftopher Frigates: Performed in the Years 1577, 1578, 1579, and 1580. =j-i= BEFORE \»c proceed to the relation of the particu- lar Voyages that chai-aCleri/.c the navigators who firftfurrouwli'd theglohc, and who immortalized their names by their fkill and their courage, it may be ex- peolcdthat we ftiould give fome account of their fami- licsand firll fitting out, the dillinguidied marks of ge- nius that led them to prefer the fatigues and dangers of a fca-faring life to learned eafe, or the calm purfuit of Kfh hazardous employments; and that we Ihoold trace thcftcps by which they rofc to eminence by their bra- vcrv and their condud. the bare narration of the incidents recorded in a fingle voyaj^e, however memorable, would convey but a VvTv imperfciit knowledge of the general character of tholl- renowned heroes, who carried the glory of their country to the rcmoteft regions of the earth. We (hall, therefore, endeavour to follow them as they advance to fame, and accompany tin m from their highell elcva- vation to that period when all dilHnctions are levelled. The celebrated mariner, of whom we are now to give anaiTount, was fon to Edmund Drake, a gentleman of Tavilh)kc, in Devonlhire, who, being inclined to thcdoftrineof the ProteP.ants, at that time much op- pofed bv (i.Mary, was obliged to quit his place of re- fidcnce,' and retire to Medway, in Kent; where, atter that<^ccn's death, he was liril appointed Chaplain in the rmal navy, and afterwards \'icar of Upnor. In thcfe employments, his appointments being Imatl, and his family large, he owed the education of feveral of his children to the kindncfs of his relations, and that, in particular, of IVancis, the eldelt of twelve, to Sir John Hawkins; under whom, as it appears, he very early dillinguilhed himfeif, and laid the toundation both of hi'! fame aiid his tbrtuiie. 'Iht learned (.'.amden, indeed, informs us, that he was put apprentice to the mafter of a fmall trading \tlRl, in \\\wk fcrvice he behaved fo well, that his jnal- tcr, dving a batchelor, left him his velTel as a reward loi- his diligence : but Stowe, who fecms better informed. iqirefent'. him in afuperior light; tells us, that Francis Rulkl, afterwards Duke of Bedford, was his gixlta- thcr; and that Sir |ohn Hawkins w;is his near relation. What Camden rJlates of Francis may, however, be true of his brother ; for there were no lefs than four who were bred to the fea. Be this as it imv.thc firlV enterpnzc of confequcnce, in which wc find him engaged, was in a voyage to the Well-Indies, as Captain of the Judith, under his re- lation already mentioned. Thofe iflands, having but lately been ilifcovcred, and very little frequented by the Englifli, were thtnight fo much to abound in wealth, that no voyager thither could fail of being recompenfed with great advantages. Nothing was talked of among the mercantile or adventurous part of mankind but the beauty and riches of the new world. Frelli difcovcries were frequently made; new countries and nations, never heard of before, were daily defcribed; and it may eafily be concluded, that the relators did not leffen the merit of their difcoveries, by fupprefling or diminilhing any circumHancc that might produce wonder, or excite curiofity. This was the age of entcrprizc and difcovery; and her Majelly encouraged the anlour of her fubjei'ts by furnilhiiig Ihip.s and commillions to tucli olhcers of dillinctiiiii in her royal navy as were willing to engag# in ha/.ardous piirfuiis. T"he projects, however, that were fomicd, were not always luccefstully carried into execution; they were frequently defeated by the ignorance of the .adventur- ers, but more often by the malice of the Spaniards, who, from the firil difcovery of America, conlidcred every other nation that attempted to follow them, as in- vaders of their rights, and incroachers on their terri- tories. At that time, however, as now, it was no un- common thing for thofe who went in fearch of new difcoveries, to carry on a kind of contraband trade with the newfettlers; which, though prohibited by the Crown of Spain, was yet countenanced by the Viceroys and Governors : but even thefewould fometimes take advan- tage of the power lodged in their hands, and make prize of the profits of the voyage, under pretence of an illicit trade. Among thofe who fufVered moft by the injuflice of the Viceroys, was Sir John Hawkins; who, having fhuck out a new trade, highly advantageous to the par- lies concerned, though difgraceful to humanity, tup- plied the Mexican Spaniards with flavcs from Africa, and received from them, in return, large remittances in gold and til vir. This was connived at, though we do not find that it was abfuluiely tolerated by the Spanifli court. It was, however, after one of thofe fuccefsful voy- ages, in which we find two of the f^een's ihips en- gaged (namely, the Jefus, commanded by Hawkins, as Admiral; -ft,-.' t^^l«"' 372 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES Admiral ; and the Minion, of which Captain John I lanipton was Commander; with four other armed trading (hips, ^among which was the Judith, Captain Drake), that, Dcing driven by ftrefa of weather into the port of St. John d'Ulloa, in the bay of Mexico, they were there waiting for a fupply of provifions, when the Spanirti fleet from Europe arrived, confifting of 1 a fail, richly laden with European merchandize, and on board of w hich was a new Viceroy. As the port was then abfolutcly in the power of the Englilh, it was debated, among the principal officers, whether the Spanifli Hect fliould bcfuffcrcd to enter; as their Admiral fufpec^ed, that, if they were admitted, they would contrive fonie means of diftreffinghim; and if they wore not, they mult pcrilhat fea; an event that would certainly bring on a war, — a confequencc he could by no means jullify. Upon mature deliberation, it was, therefore, judged fafert to profwfe an agreement with the Viceroy, to vhich he confentcd, and by which it was ftipulatcil, that the Englifli (liould hold one (ide of the harbour, and the Spaniards the other; and that hodages ihould be given on both fides, that no injury fliould be done to cither. Hut it was loon difcovcred, that, though on the part of the Englifli, lixgcntlemeri were fent, yet, on that of the Spaniards, the holt.igcs were only common men, fuiely dieircd. This gave caufe of dillruft; yet theEnglilh, naturally honelt, were not fulficiently on their guard. The Spaniards for fome weeks behaved with fceming coniiality; mutual civilities paffed between the olficers of both nations; and the Englifli having fupplied their waius, were preparing to depart, w hen, all of a fudden, at a lignal given, the Spaniards atfaulted their fliips as the oliictrs were at dumer, boarded the Minion by a concealed ambudade, which, however, was repulfcd with lofs, and then a general maliacre enfued. The Englilh who were on fliore were all put to death; three of the four trading fliips were prefently funk; and the Minion and Jtfus were fo embarralfed by their moor- ings, that it was aimoll a whole hour before they could beplaccd in a polhire of defence; which, however, was at laft etfe>lted. They then returned the attack with fo much fury, that the Spanifli Vice- Admiral was foon blown up, and in her periflied 3cx> men ; and not long after the Spanifli .'\dmiral himfelf was funk. The Spaniards, in revenge, fet two of their fliips on fire to bum the Minion and Jefus, the firft of w hich fet fail and cf- capcd; but the Jefus, after fliifting her crew on board the Judith, fell a. victim with the relt to Spanilh trea- chery. lii the night, the Judith having made her efcapc, en- deavoured, but in vain, to join the Minion; and being only a bark of 50 tons, alone, on a hoftitc coafl, croudcd w ith men, and having only provifions on board for her own (lender crew, a mutiny arofe among the mariners, and by far the greateft number infilled on being put on fliore, chufmg r.-.ther to take their chance among the favaflcs, than to remain on board to ftarvc at fea, or again to fall into the power of the mercilefs Spaniards. Accordingly, Captain Hawkins, gave every man his choice, cither to land on the continent, or fail with him, and fliaie his fate. About 100 of the (touted feamen chofe the former; of whom five only lived to return to England. Thcfe gave an account, that, on their landing, the natives, miltaking them for Spa- niards, fell upon them fuddenly, and killed eight of their number; that, alter they were known lobe ene- mies to the Spaniards, they were ufcd with kindnefs; that, however, being tired of living among favagcs, they agreed to part, and fcek the means ot returning home; fomc direded their courfe to the northward, and watched the opportunity of fcizing a fmall vedel. and, crofling the Gulph, travcrfcd an immenfe tra».H of land, till they arrived at a French fettlement in the North; of thofe who travelled weltward, which was by far the greateft part, fiKty-fivc fell into the hands of the Spa- niards, and fuflered various torments from the Inquifi- tvon, three were burnt alive, and two only furvivcd to 2 reach their own country. Of thofe who follouiil ihe other courfe, live found means, after enduring imrc- dible hardfliips, to get to Nova Scotia, of whuin ihiec were brought fafo to England in Irench merchant fliins. It was in the alwvc engagement that Captain Drake firft diftinguiflied hitnfelf; and to this judiciims ton. dui5t,that thofe who cfcapcd from the Jefus owed their prefervation. The Judith had the good fortune to ar. rive fafe in England, having purchafed fome provifioni on the Ifland of Cuba; but what became of^thc Mi- nion we have not been able to learn. In this expedition Sir John Hawkins loft an immenfe fum. It was in vain to make complaint to his love- reign of the infradf ion of the peace. The Spanilh r L nilter vindic.ited the injufliceof the Viceroy; and the Queen, tho' flie fecrctly refented the lofs of her Ihips^ could not openly abctt the illicit trade carried on by her fervants. Drake, who fliared in the misfortune of his relation pofieired both his fpirit and his induftry. He did not fit down to lament the lofs he had fuftained; but, hav- ing acquired fomc degree of credit by his gaiiimt be- haviour, and fome knov\ ledge of the weakncfs and wealth of his enemies, he determined to |irolit by his lodes, and to make reprifals whenever a fair opportu- nity (liould oiler. It was no difficult matter to engage new adventurers in new projects in thofe early days of Mexican com- merce, and Drake was not long before he raifed a fund to begin trade on a new footing. In 1 570 he made his lirlt expedition, chiefly on his own account, w ith two (hips, the Dragon and the Swan; and the next year in the Swan alone ; in both which voyages he enlarj^cd his experience, but it docs not appear that he repaired his lofs. In I 572 he found means, however, to fit out a much greater force, in order to carry into execution an tntcr- prife which ho had meditated, not only to reinllatc his fortune, but to revenge the treachery of his enemies. Aliout this time war was agitating between England and Spjin, to which it mult be confeffed the illicit trade carried on to the S|)anilh fettltmcnts not a little contribOted. I Ic, therefore, fet fail from Plymouth in the Pafcha, a letter of marque (hip, of 70 tons, accom- fianied by the Swan of 50 tons, the command of which ic entrulted to his brother John; in both which fliips he had embarked 7;{ choice men, with a year's provi- fions, and fuch warlike (tores and ammunition as he judged necelfary lor the enterprizc he had in view. He had, likewife, the precaution to take with him the frames of two or three fmall pinnaces, that, if any ac- cident fhould befal either of his larger fliips, he might have it in his pow cr to prefervc the crew w ithout bcnig ilrivcnto the neccllity of leaving any of ther.i behind; a precaution which experience had taught him in the unfiirtunatc voyage of his kinfman Sir John. But this was not the only ufe for which he forefaw thcfe fmall vcfTcIs would be wanteil, as will appear in the fequel. With this warlike force, inconfidcrablc as it may now appear, he cleared the land of England on the i ith of May, 1572; and, the weather continuing fair, and the wind favourable, on the 29th of June he pafTcd be- tween Dominica and Guadaloupc, and on the 6th of July came in fight of the high land of Santa Martha; then continuing his courfe to the fouthward,onthcijth of the fame month both fliips arrived at Port Pheafant, which lay at a convenient diftancc from Nombrc de Dios, the place of their dcftination. Here he propofcd to build his pmnaces, and was go- ing a-fliorc w ith a few men unarmed ; when, difcovcring a (moke at a diftancc, he made the fignal for another boat to follow him with an armed force. Being joijied by this reinforcement, he marched towards the fire, where he foupd a plate of lead nailed to.atree, with an infcription engraven upon it by one Garret, an Englilh man, who had left that place a day or two before, and had taken that inctliod of informing him that the Spa- niard! ■'V To Ahe SOUTH SEA ami ROUND the W () R I, D. 37] niardj had been advcrtifcd of his intended vi(it, and of his rendezvous at that port; and that, therefore, it would be prudent lor him to make but a very Ihort Drake, furprlzcd, no doubt, at the news, but nt the fiiiiK time knowing how convenient this place was tbr hisdciigns, andconfidering that the hazard, and walk of time, which could not be avoided in lecking ano- ther ftation, was equivalent to any other danger which was to be apprehended from the Spaniards, determined to follow his firft refolution i only, for his (greater fecii- rity, he ordered a kind of pallifndc or fortification to be made, by felling a number of large trees, and lay- ing ihc trunks and branches one acrofs another, on an elevated fpot that commanded the river. This done, he fct the carpenters to workj and while they were em- ployed in putting the frames of the pitmaces together, OIK' Captain Rauie happened to touch at the fame port, with a bark of 50 men. 'i'o Kaufe, Drake impartetl his delign ; and, when the pinnaces were ready, both fct fail together, lliaping their courfe to Nombre de Dios. They touched at the Kland of Pines, where they were informed, by the negroes they fo.ind there, that the inhabitants of that place were in daily «x|)cc- tationof fonie foldicrs, which the (Governor ol' Panama ii.ul proniil'ed to fend, to defend them from the Syme- rons,or fugitive negroes, who, having elcaped (rom the tyranny of their malk-rs, had fettleii themfclves under two kings, or leaders, on each fide of the paflage be- tween wnibredc Diosand Panama ; and not only af- fcrtcd their natural right to liberty and indi pendanrc, but endeavoured to revenge the crueltlt^ tluy had luf- fcred, and had lately put the inhabitants ot Nonibrc do Dios into the utmolt conllernation. 'I'hi Ic iK)',roes the Captain fet on Ihorc on the main land, fo that tliey might, by joining the Symerons, recover their lilnity. Of at leart might not have it in their power to give the people of Noinbrc de Dios any fpeedy intorination of his intention to invade them. Then, feieding 5 j men from his own con\pany, and 20 from the crew ot bis new alloc iate Captain Raiife, he embarked with them in his new pinnaces, and lit fail for Nombre de Dios. On July the a8th,at iiight, he approached the town unJifcovered, and dropt his anchors under the lliore, intending, after his men were relrelhed, to begin the attack; but, finding that they were terrifying each other with formidable accounts of the llrengtii of the place, and the multitude of the inhabitants, he deternuned to hinder the panic from fpreading farther, by leading thein immediately to action; and, therefore, ordering them to their oars, he landed without any oppolition, there being only on'T gunner upon the key, though it was fortified by fix brafs cannon of tiie largeM ti/c. But the gunner,. while they were employed in throwing the cannon from their carriages, alarmed the town, as ihcy foon difcovered by the bVlls, the drums, and the nolle of the people. Drake, leaving twelve men to guard thv linnaces, marched into the town with little or no oppolition. Altera fliort flvirmiih, the forces that the alarm had lullily drawn together were foon difpcrfed, except n few whom he detained as prifoners, in order to lliew him the (Jovernor's houfe, and alfo the ilore-houfe, where the mules that bring the filver from Panama Were luiloaded. Being now in full polTenion of the town, he pofled thcmainof hisfmall body under the command of his brother, in the market-place ; and then followed the guides, with the reft, to the ftore- houfe; where, forcing the door, and entering the room where the lilver was depolitcd, they found it heaped up in bars, in fuch quan- tities as almolt exceed belief, the pile being, as they con- jeduicd, feventy feet in length, ten in breadth, and twelve in height, each bar weighing between thirty and forty-five pounds. It is eafy to imagine, that, at the fiffht of this treafure, nothing was thought of, by the F-nglilh failors, but by what means it might bell be con- veyed to their boatSi and, doubtlcfs, it was not cafy for No. 45. Drake Cwlio, conli.lfring their dillance fiom the tliore, and the number ol their enemies, was atraid of beiiifj intercepted in their retreat) 10 hinder his men from rn- cumbcritig themfclves with fo much lilver as might have retarded their march, and ulillrurtcil the ulc of their weapons ; however, by promljing to lead them to the King's treafury, where thcK? wcie gold and ii:\\els to a far greater value, and where the |)lundw-r w,u not only moie portable, but nearer the llioiv, he [jcrliiaded them to follow him (nor, however, without every man his bar), and rejoin the main body in the market-place. 1 leie he found his little troop much difcouragiil by the apprchenlion that, if they ftajed any longer, the enemy might gain pofllirion ofthcir pinnaces, and that they llioiild ti.eii, without an) means of fafctv, be left to Hand alone agaiiill the w hole force of that country. Drake, not indeed ealily terrilicil, but fulfn ieiitly cau,. tious, fent to the harbour to examine the ground of their leais, and to learn if the fame panic had taken poflellion (jfthe men whom he had left to guard his boats; but, finding no tiiundation fur thele dreadful apprehcnlions, he pirlilled in his lirll dcligii, and led the troop lorward to the royal tieafury. In i!;fir way there It'll a violent fliower of rain, wlii ;h v.tt loiiie of their bow-llrings, and extinguillied many of their matches (fpiing-locks for mulkcts not being then in- vented); a misfortune which might foon have been repaired, ami which, perhaps, the enemy might futfer in comiium with them ; but which, liowever, on this occalion, very much cmbarraflcd them, as the delay produced by it re})reircd that ardour which, fometimes, IS only to be kc[H up by continual action. k was in vain for Drake to expoflulate, or to rcpre- fent the ililgrace of returning in rags, afier having the ( hief treafure of the world within their power; he there- tore reproached their cowardice, fet before their eyes the imminent danger to which they would inevitably be cx[K)fed, if they tailed to behave like men anxious for glory, and zealou:; lor the honour of their country. Animated by thcfc incentives, they refumed their former fpirit, and, pulhing brilkly forward, the whole company followed till they arrived at therrealbry, which they inllantiv forced. Having thus far fucceeded, Drake committeil the care of the riches to his brother, and Oxenham, of Plymouth, (a man known afterwards for his bold adventures in the lame parts) while he, with the main body, ihould .again return and reconnoitre the market-place, and diljurfe any parties of the Spaniards that might be forming into a body to oppol'c their progrcfs. With this view, as he was advancing, hu Ikengih fuddenlv failed him, and he fell down fpecch- lefs. 'Ihen it was that his companions perceived a wound in his leg, that he received in the firlf rencounter, but hitherto concealed, left his men, eatily difcouraged, fliould make their concern for his life a pretence for re- turning to their bo.ats. Such, however, had been his lofs of blood, as was difcovered upon nearer obferva- tion, that it had filled the prints of his footfteps ; and it appeared fcarce credible, that, after fuch an effufion, lilc Ihould remain.. The braveft were now willing to retire ; neither defirc of honour, or of riches, was thought to prevail in any nwn over his regard for his leader. D. akc, whom cordials foon reftorcd to his fenfcs, w as the only'man who could not be prevailed on to leave the enterprize unfinithcd. It was to no purpofe that they advifed him to fubmit to go on board to liave his wound drelfed, and promifed to return with him to complcrtt their dclign. He well knew how impractica- ble it was to regain the opportunity when it was once lolf, and could ealily forefee that a refpitc of but a few hours would enable the Spaniards to recover from their conlkrnation, to allemble their forces, refit their bat- teries, and remove their treafure. What he had un- dergone fo much danger to obtain, was now in his hands, and the thoughts of leaving it untouched was too mortifying to be pitiently borne ; however, as there 5 B was .iH,AJ»dS»^^' 374 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S V O Y A G l£ S was little time tor coiifiiltatioii, and the lame (lander attciKlcil their ll.iy in that pcriiltxity aiul confulion, as their return, they Ixiuml up his wounii with his (iarf, ami, partly hy lorcc, partly l>y intreaty, they carricil him back to the lio.nis, in which, with what trcafure they were able to briiv; olV, they all embarked by break of day. Then lakiiiy with them, out of the hailxnir, a floop laden with wines, the); went to the UalUmeiuo's, an ifland about a league from the town, where they (hid two days, to recover the wounded men who had been hurt in the lirrt rencounter, and to regale them- lelves with the wines they had taken, and with the fruits that grew in gie. plenty in the gardens of that illand. During their ftay here, there came over to that ifland ftSpanilli gentleman, fent by the (Jovernor with inllruc- tions to eiuiuirr whether the Captain was that Drake who had before been on their (oallj whether the arrows with which nviny of their nun were wounded were not poifoned ; and whether they wanted provilionsor other necilliiries ? I'Ke melUnger, likewife, extolled their courage with the highell eiicoiniunis, and expreifed his admiration of their daring undertaking. Drake, though he knew the civilities of an enemy are always to be fufpccted, and that the mellnnger, amidll all his pro- feili ms of leg.ir.l, was no otherthan a fpy, yet knowing that he had nothing to apprehciul, treated him with the hi^^luU honours that his condition admitted of. In anfwer to Ins iiviuines, he alFureii him, that he was the fame Drake with whole character thejr were lictore acquainted ; that he was a rigid obferver of the laws of war, and that he never permitted the arrows dil- charged by his followers to be poifoned. He difmilled him with coiiliilerable preleins; and told him, lliat, tnoiigl) he had m part tailed in this attempt, he would never tielill from his delign of revenging the treachery iifthe Viceroy of Mexico, till he had Ihared with Sjiam the ireafiire.s of America. 1 le then refolved to reuirn to the Ille of Pines, where they had kit their lliips, and to confult about the mea- fures they were now to take; and, having arrived on the il\ of Augult at their former Ihition, they difmilled Captain Uaufe, who, judging it iiwdk to Hay any longer on ihe coaO, delired to Ix- no farther cng.iged in their deligui. Hut Drake, not to be iliverted from his pur- pofe, alter being cured of his wound, inquired of a negroe, ivhom he took on lioard at Noinbre de Dios, the mart wealthy firtlements, and w 'ell parts of the co.ilV, who ailvifed the attack of Caiiii.igcna. This the Admiral teemed to approve : and, fitting fail with- out lot's of time, came to anchor, Augull i j, between Charecha and St. Barnard's, two illarxls at a little dtf- tance from the harlxjur of Carthagcna. Then pafling w ith his boats round the ifland, he entered the harbour, and in the mouth of it found a frigate with only an old man in it, who voluntarily informed him, that, about an hour before a pinnace had patfed by, with fails and oars, and all the ap()carance of expedition and impor- tancej that, as fhe palFcd, the crew onboanl her bid him take care of himfelf; and that, as foon as flie touched the tliore, he heard the noife of cannon, fired as a warn- ing, and faw the lliipping of the port drawn up under the guns of the caflle. The Captain who Ivul himfelt heird the difcharge of the artillery, was foon convinced that he was difcovered ; and that, therefore, nothing could be attempted there with any probability of I'uc- ccfs. He therefore co.-.tented himfelf with taking a ftiip of Seville of 240 tons (which the relator of this voyage mentions as a very large fliip). and two fniall frigates, in which he found letters of advice fiom Nombre de Dios, intended to alarm that part of the coaft. Drake, now finding his pinnaces of great ufe, and not having a fuflicient number of failors for all his veirels, was dclirous of dellroying the Swan, the fliip commanded by his brother, that the others might be better manned. This, necclFary as it was, could not Cijlily be done without difgulling his company j who. having made feveral profperous voyages in that vcHil woiilil naturally be averfe to her dcllruclinn, ' Drake knew that nothing but the love of their leaJcti could animate his followers to encounter luth hardtlur,, as he was about to t'ltpofe them to ; and, therefore rather chofe to bring his defigns to pals by artifice tjuii by authority. 1 le fent for the carpenter of the Swan took him into his cabin, and, having firtl engaged him to fecrccy, ordered him in the middle of the night, to go down into the well, and bore three holes throiich the bottom, layinp fomething againll them that niifrht hinder the bubbling of the water from beitig heard, To this the carpenter, after fome cxpotlulntion, coni fentcd, and the next night pertimncd his proinife. \n the morning, Augufl the i 5th, Drake, going out wuli his pinnace a filliing, rowed up to the Swaiij and havmg invited his brother to partake of his divcrlion' inquired, wiih a negligent air, why the Swan was id deep in the w. iter? \J\wn which, his brother, bcin|? alarmed, fent down his flewarit to learn the caul'c, win') returned imuiediately, with an account that the lliip was leaky, and in danger of finking in a very little time. Ihey had inllaiuly recourfe to the pump; hut, havmg laboured for five hours, and gained very little U|X)n the water, they willingly, according to Dr.ike's advice, let the veffcl on fire, and went on bourd tlic Rifcha. linding it now nccefl'ary to lie concealed for fonic time, till the Spaniards tliould forget their ilangcr, and remit their vigilance, they fet fail for the .Sound of D.irien, ami, without approaching the coatt, that their coiirle might not be ojterved, they arrived there in fix d.iys. This being a convenient pl.ice for their reiepticm, both on account of privacy, it being out ot tiie road of all tride, and as it was well fupplied with wood, water, wild-fowl, hogs, deer, aiul all kind of pro. villous, he flayed here fifteen day<, to careen his vtf- fels, and retrelh his men, who worked interchange- ablv, on one day the one half, and on the next dav'thc ottiir half. 0,1 the $th of .September, Drake left his ' with the fliip at Darien, and fet out with twi vellels towards the Rio (irand, which they rtactieii in three diss, and on the 9th of the fame month were difcovered by a SpaniartI from the land, who believing them to be his countrymen, nude a fignal for theiu to come on lliore, with which they very readily complnd; but he, loon linding his millake, abandoned his plan- tation, where they found great plenty of proviiions, with which having laden their vellels, they departed. In the mean time, his brother. Captain John Drake, went, according to the directions that had been Iclr him, in fearch of the Symerons, or fugitive negroes, from whofe aflillance they now entertained hopes of compleating the fuccefs ol their voy.-»ge: and, touching upon the main land, by means of the negroes whom they had taken from Noinbre de Dios, engagcil two nf the Symerons to come on board ffis ihip, le.iviiig two of his own men as hoHagcs for their late return. Tlio e men, having alFured him of the affciltion of rh;ir nation, appointed an interview between Drake nrd their leaders. With this appointment Drake being made acquainted, he immediately ifiiitied F'ort Plenty, fo named by the Englifli from the (Meat Itore of pro- vifions they had amaHed at that plai e, ami came, l)V the direction of the Syiuerons, into a fecrethay, :inii nj; beautiful itlands covered with trees, whii h come. IcJ their fhips from obfervation, and wheir tlieehanrel was fo narrow and rocky that it was impollilile to enter it by night; fo that there was no danger ot a Ridden furpnze. Here they met, and entered into engagements, which common enemies and comnioa dangers prefervcd from violation. IJut the firtt con- verlation informed the Englilh that their expectations were not immediately to be gratified: for, upon their enquiries alter the moll probable means of acquiring gold and filver, the Symerons told them, that had they kngwn To the SOUTH >; F. A and K t) li N D the WORLD. 375 known liHiiHT the chitf cm\ of thiir c\|U(liti(m, thL-y j.mim caCily have uratitiCil tluriii but ihat iliirinj^ the raiin Icafon. which was now hifjun. ihcy ( ouKI not rc- .,. ' hctrcafurc, which ihiy had taken Ironi the Spa- lutof ihc rivers in whieh they iiad toneealed it. ihcreforc, propoCinff to wait in this place till the ^iniwcrc palleii, bmlt with the allitlance of the Sy- mcrons, a fort of earth ami liinberi anil, leaving his brother' anil p;irt of his company with tlie Symerons, fctout with three pinnaces towards Uio de la Hacha, btini'of a fpirit too ai!Uve to lie llili patiently, even in aftate of plenty and fecurity, and with the inolV pio- bablcexiKLUtions of innuenle rii his. la ihcir way thither, they anchored within (ij^lil of ('»rth;i^;ena without landing, and on the 17th of Orto- bir tiKik aSpanilli bark, with whieh they eiitertd the hariour indili'.uife -, but were Ibonaccolled by a Spanilh -jntiinian whom they had limietime before taken and let at liberty! whocomiiif; to I In in in a boat, as he pre- tended, without the know ledj^eol the (iovernor, made thcin i;reat piomili s of frieiiillliip, and prof.Hions ol cllccin. but Drake, having waned till next morning viithout receiving the inlormatirn he had been encoii- raned to expect, lound that all this pretended kindnefs wamio iiioie than a liiatagem to amiife him, while the (jovernor wai raiting lort ls for his dellrucium. This appeared more ileaily on the 20tli, when two friyates, well armed and m.i.iiied, came out in the night wiih a view to I'lirpi i/.e the pinnaces, and make prifoner of Dtaki : butthele being diliovt red, and their defign fiulbaied, Drake, when day-light approached, leapt in- tiep:dly alhore tingle, in deliame ol their troops, w liii.h fiovireil at a dillance in the woods and on the hills, without e\er venturing to advance within reach of the thot from the pinnaces. To leap, however, ujwn an tiiciiiy's coal>. 111 light of a fiipeiior for< e, only to lliew how little they were leared, was an act that in tliefe tiiiies ttwitd ni.'a with little applaiile: but motives of policy reight inlUiencc the conduct of Drake, and make that neienary then, which now appeals a ridiculous bravado. Hiuling the whole country advertifeil of his aticmpts, aadinariustooppofe him, he might luake a feint only ol landing to increale their tears, and encourage their alarms, that they might keep together till lit; lliould al- fmlt rhein in their dilerted poll;; a lbat.igcm which there is reafon to think he put 111 praJtice, as he conti- nued upon the coalHill one of his vellels hid only a painiiioii ol bacon and a fmall i|uantity of bread on Kurd tor feveiitecn men, and till there was on board his o'AnveUel even a greater Icareity. Hut refolution aiiJ fu^ccfi reciprocall'- odiice each other. They had not failed more than tnree leagues on their return toil.cir I'liips be-fore they tell in with and attacked a cjarting veliel, which after fome rclillance they took, and happily tound it laden with excellent provifions. IK: now determined to return to the Symerons, with ttlioni, aih.isbeen faid, he Iclt his brother, and part of his I'orce ; and to attempt, by their airillance and direc- tion, to make his way over, and invade the Spaniards in the inland parts, where they would probably never dr^'aiuof an enemy. When they .irrived at Port D.ego, fo named from tiiC iK'i;roe wh.o had proiured them their interciii;rfe with till- S)mcronj, they found Captain John lirake and one ill \\u company dead, being killed in attempting, al- inull unarmed, to board a frigate well provided with all thu-gs neceilary tor itj detence. The CaDtain was u'.iiMlluig to nuke the attack, and reprefeiued to his company the madnefs of their propofal; but, being over-borne by their clamours and importunities, to avoid the imputation of cowardice, complied to hisde- llruclion. liut this was not the only misfortune that befel this little company ; lor foon after many of them fell ill of the calenture, a malignant fever, very liequent in the hn cliuutcs, which carried olf, anwng feveral others, Jufeph Drake, anoiher brother of the Commander. While Drake was employed in the recovery of the fick, the Symerons, who ranged the country for intel- ligence, brought him an account that the Spanilh Meet *as aiiived at Noinbrc de Dios, the truth ot whiih was coiilirmed b\ a pinnace wluLhlie fent out to make obfervations, I'his, therefore, was the time for their journey, when the tieafures of the Amerii an mines Were to be tranl|)oried from Panama over land, to Noinbie lie Dios. I le, therefore, by the direillion of the Symerons, lurnillied himfell with all things neccf- l.iryi and, on the third of I'cbruary in the lollowing ye.ir, let out from Port Diego. Having loll already twent) -eight of his company, and bcin;;; under the ne- lellity ot leaving fome to guard hislliip, he took with h'ln only iX I 'nglilh and )o Symerons, who not only leived as guards to Ihew the way, but as purveyors to procure provitions. T'he\ ( airied w ith them arrows for war, and arrows for huiuiiigand tiiwling, the heads of wli-ich are pro- portioned in li/.e to the game they are |)iirfiiing. I'or oxen, dags, or w ild boars, they have arrows or javelins with liead.s weighing a pound and half, which they dif- charge near hand, and which fcarcely ever fail of neing mortal, Their fecond fort are about half as heavy as the <)ther, and are generally iliot from their bows; thefeare intended fi>r linaller bealls. With the third fort, ol which the heals are an octree in weight, they kill birds. As this nation is in a Hate which does not let them above continual cares for the immediate ncccf- faries of lile, he that can temper iron befl is among them moll clleeniedi and, perhaps, it would be ha|ipy liir every n.ition, if honouisand applauts were as jullly dilliibuieil, and he were moll dill ingiiilhed whole ta- lents were muH ufeful to locicty. I'.viry day by fun-riling they began to march, anil having tiavelled till ten, relied near fome river till twiUe; fiien tiavelling again till four, they repoled all night in hilts, or wigwams, whi'h the Symerons had either left ll.inding in their former inarches, or very readily ereiied for them, by letting up three or four polls in ihe ^;rouiul, and la)ing poles from one to ano- ther, :ii the loiin of a roof, whidi they covered with pain no boughs aikl jilantain leaves. In the vallies, where they were Iheltered from the winds, they left three or four feet ne.\t the ground open ; but, on the hills, where they were more expofed to the chill blafls of the night, they th, itched them ilofe to the ground, leaving (inly a lioor loreiuram e, and a venta-top in the middle lor the fmoke of the lire to cfcapc. In their man.h, tliey met not only with plenty of fruits upon the banks of the rivers, but with wild fwinc in abundani e, of which the Symerons without dilhculty killed, for the moll part, as many as were wanted. One day, however, they tojnd only an otter, and were about to drels it; at which Drake exprelling his wonder, was alked by Pedro, the chief Symeron, " Are you a man of w.ir.and in want, and yet doubt whether this be meat that: hath blood in it?" For which Drake in private rebuked him, fays the relator; whether jullly or not, it is not very im()ortanr todetermine; only it fliews the genius of the times when fuperllition prevailed, and when the greatell men were no: wholly exempt trom its influ- ences. On the third day of their march, and the 6th of February, they came to a town of the Symerons, fitu- ated on the fide of a hill, and encompatled withaditcli and a mud wall, to fecure it trom any fudden furpri/e. I !ere they lived with great neatnefs, and in plenty ; and with fome obfervation of religiun, paying great reve- rence to the crofsj a practice which, the relator fays, Drake prevailed upon them to change for the ufe of the Lord's Pr.iyer J which however, in fo Ihort a (lay, isvery unlikely. Indeed, it is added, that here they iVrongly importuned Drake to prclong his abode, promiling to double his force; but he, cither thinking greater num- bers unneccdary, or fearing, that, if any difference Ihould arile between them and his own men, he ihould be overborne by numbers, he prudently declined their Invitation, and their otl'cr of additional alFirtance, and that in fucli terms as cxprclFed his eagerncfs to engage, and his confidcntc of fucccfs from the bravery of ni» followers. The I ■*' 1 * ; iL ' * 37^ Sir F R a N C: I S O R A K. E s V O Y A (J E S The Symcrons continued to condudi him on liisjour- iKV, and led Iiim through rural Ihadcs and lofty woods, uhich (lu'ltcred his people fo cffeibially from the fun, that their march was lefs toilfome than if they had tra- velled in Enj^land during the heat of fummer. iou"- of the Symcrons that were acquainted with the way, vent ahout a mile before the main body, and cut olV branches as marks to diredl them, for there was no beaten track ; then followed twelve Symerons, after vhoin came the Knglifh, with the two leaders; and the other Symerons clofed the rear. In this order, on the nth of Fehru;iry, they arrived at the top of a / high hill, on the fummit of which grew a tree oi a •wonderful height and magnitude, in which they had cue rtcps for the more eafy afccnt to the top, where there was a kind of alcove, to which they invited Drake, and from thence (hewed him not only the North Sea, from whence they came, but the great PaciHc Ocean, on which no Englifh vefTel had ever yet failed. This profpe^l exciting his natural curiofity and ardour for ad- ventures and difcoveries, he lifted up his hands to God, and implored his hlefling upon the refoiution which he that inllant formed of failing in an Englilh fliip on that immcnfc fca. IVom this ftupendous mountain they defcended, after having fcafied their eyes with the gr^.ndeft profpedl the earth uiii furnifh; and in two days came into an open level country, where their march was incommoded w ith thegrafs, which is of a peculiar kind, conlifting of a ftalk like that of a bull-ruOi, and a blade on which the oxen and other cattle feed till it grows too high for them to reach: then it is that the natives fet the whole on fire; and it is no uncommon thing to behold vallies of immenfe extent in a bla/e at once; from whence the cattle ris in theutmoll terror, and many perilh by the liidden conflagration. It might be fuppofcd, that this Inirning of the foil, would, in a hot clirwate, check the |)o\ver^. of vegetation, and that ii would be years before the earth could recover its fertility; but it is jull the cnntrar) ; the afhcsof the reeds are hardly extinguiflied before a new verdure begins to appear; and before a month is elipfed, the whole valley, licheld at a diltanct, looks as grt en as ever; fo aftonilhingly wonderful are th'.' po">i3of N.itureon this happy foil! When they had arrived w ithin a convenient diftance of the road irom Panama, they polled themfelvcs in a grove or wood, near which the treafure was to be con- ve'td from thence toNflnib.e de Dios. They then difparrhcda tnilly Symeron, in the habit of a flave, pro[UTly inftructed, to learn on what day the mules, on wiiofc backs the treafure is carried, were to fet out. Thfrman was fo well qualified for the fervice, and fo in- dullrious in the profccution of it, that he f(K)n returned with an account, that the treafurcr of Lima, intending to embark for Europe, would pafs the night following vith eight mules laden with gold, and one with jewels; that it wsi their cuftom to travel by night, and to reft in the day, to avoid the heat; and that Vcnta Cruz was to he their firft ftage. On this intelligence, they changed their fituation, ^nd immediately diredtcd their march towards Venta Cruz, lending, for fecurity, two Symerons, habited as before, to examine the way, who, as they paffed along, perceived, by thefcentof a match, that fome Spanian" t»as before them; ami creeping filently forward, fur- pri/.ed a foldier aflecp upon the ground. They Iwund him, without otticring any other violence, and brought hmi to Drake, who, upon enquiry, found that their fpy had not deceived them in his intelligence. The fol- dier. having informed himfelf of the Captain's name, conceived fuch a confidence in his well-know n clemency, tiiat, after having made an ample difcovery of the trea- fure that was now at hand, cautioned them likewife againft being deceived by the recocs, or carriers, from 'Nombrc de Dios, who met the others by the way, and who were hourly expected, with merchandire and pro- vilions, but without any golil. He clofed his exami- nation with an humble petition to Drake, that, when the expcdcd treafure fhoujd fall into hishand:>, hc\«uuld be gracioully pleafed to allow him as much of it would maintain himfelf and his children during there mainder of their lives, fincc there would abuiidantl more arrive than he and his company could carry awa/ Drake agreed to his requeft, upon condition that he led him to a place of fecrccy, w here he could conceal his men till the time of adion, and where there was no danger of the mules palling by without lacing perceived This the man did ; and Drake placed his ambulh ac' cordingly. IJcfore the time expciflcd, the men were properly re. frelhed and inftruCted. Oxenham was appointed to head the Symerons, aflifted by Pedro their leader; and Drake was to command the Englifli. The parties were then divided; the Englifli took the right of the way in front, and the .Symerons the left at a fmall diftance in the rear. In this manner they were ported, that one company might be in readinefs to feize the hindniolt mule at the fame time that the other had feized the foremoft ; for the mules, it frems, being ied together travel in a line, and are all guided by leading thiTflrll. ' Every thing being now as well concerted as human prudence could direct, and the critical moment of ac- tion foon cxpe(iied, they lay down and covered them. felves in thegrafs, at about eighty or ninety paces dil- tancc from the road, that the noife of their breathi-.r might not be heard by the guard that conveyed tiic trea- fure. 'f hey had not been more than an hour in this fitna. tion, when the bells of the mules on the left, coining from Vcnta Cruz, began to be heard : but previous or- ders having been given to meddle only with thou- fVcin Panama, thole from Venta Cruz were fuffered to paf> unmolefied. Unfortunately, however, it happened, that one Robert Pike, being heated with liquor, pre- vailed upon the nun that was next him to creep for- ward with him, in order to be in readinefs to fijrnalize themfelves, by being the firft to feize the mules from Panama. At that inftant, anofticer, who.iccompanicd the recoes from Venta Cruz, perceiving white nio\ing in the grafs (tor Drake had ordered allh' ; comp,iny to put their fliirts over their cloathes, to di'.^..^guilll them in the night), took the alarm, and, from a walk, \v.is obferved to pulh his horfe forward on a fmart trot ; and, before he had pafTed the hindmoft ambufcade, he was heard to ride along in a full gallop; but neither Drake, who commanded the Englifli, nor Oxenham, who headed the Symerons, being am>rizcd of the rcafon, had any thought of taking mcaUires to intercept his journey. It was not, however, long before the recoes from I'a- nama came up, and were eagerly feized by the Englilli in front.and fccurcd by the Symerons,as had been agreed ujwn, in the rear; but, to their great mortification, ihey found two of them only loaded with filver, and the rell with proviJions, fix of thofe from Panama, which car- ried the valuable burdens of gold and jewels, being or- dered back, and the like number that came from Venta Cruz fent forward in their room. The drivers were brought immediately to the Captain, and examined, who informed him, that a horfeman who met them riding in haftc had talked with the treafurcr, and .id- vifed him to fena back his gold and jewels, and fulfer thofe only to proceed that were now in his [Drake's] power, that he might, by that cheap experiment dilio- ver whether there was any ambufh in the way. That Drake was not lefs enraged than his followers at this difappoinimcnt cannot be doubted; but there was now no time to be fpent in complaints. The whole country, he knew, would fbon be alarmed, and ail the force of the Spaniards aflcmbled to overwhelm hiin; he had no fbrtrefs to retire to; every man w.is his ene- my ; and every road better known to the Spaniards tiian to himfelf. This was an occafionthat demanded all the 'jualities of an hero, an intrepidity never to be ihaken, and judgment never to be perplexed. He immediately confidered all the circumftances of his prefent fituation. and found that it afforded himor.ly the choice of niarijh- ing back by the fame way through which he came, or forcing his palliigc through Vcnta Cruz. He forcfaw many nianydiffic" having h"' determined enemy CO"'' the leader "' follow him? ftron,Teft at commWQcc fetfor^/^n- thcy 0" ^'" their P'i«- noife as pen been fpread together, tc notunacqus military, re in upon the opj, ,.tion, could not t town; butl dies, andal fcred to th( courage. Having forces of th To the SOUTH SEA and ROUND the WORLD. 37/ V" "fit as '"K the re ^"U'ldantl. "n that he bid conceal P'cwasno [perceived pmbufl, ac." ■operly re. '"intcd to . f; and |3i"ties Here 'he May in iftance in that one hindniolt cized the together, tJif (irft. ^•^ human ■nt of ac- ■i^'^i thcin. [F'l-'cs dil- I'rcaihi-.,; ' l"c ticaJ many difficulties in mart hir.g back, belides the hazard of having his fhips feized before his return; he, therefore, determined to pafs forwards to Venta Cruz, before the encmycouldbe prepared tooppofehim. Hcalkcd Pedro theleaderofthc Symerons, whether he was refolvcd to follow him? and, after having received from him the ftron''cft affurancc that nothing fliould fcparate them, commanded his mentorefrefli themfelves.and preparcto j-jjfopvir.'s. When they came to the gates of the town, thcydidiifled the mules they had mailc ufe of to carry their piize. and continued their march with as little noifeaspolTible; yet they difcovered that the alarm had been fpread, and the forces of the town haftily drawn together, to oppofc their entrance. Drake, who was not unacquainted with the behaviour of that kind of military, received their Hrft onfct, and then breaking in upon them, drove them before him without farther opp .ition, and was feconded by the Symerons, who could not be reftrained from making plunder ot the town: but Drake haftened in pcrfon to the Spanilh la- dies and afllired them that no injuries Ihoiild be of- fered to them; fo infeparable is humanity from true courage. Having thus broken the fpirits, and fcattcrcd the forces of the Spaniards, he continued his march to the Hiips without any apprehenfion of danger, yet with great fpeed, being very Iblicitous .-ibout the Ihite of the crew; fo that he allowed his men, harralfcd as they were, but little time for fleep o- refrefluncnt; but by kind exhortations, gentle authority, and a chearful par- ticipation of all their hardfliips, prevailed upon them to bear without murmur, not only the toil of travelling, but, on fome days, the pain of hunger. In this march, he owed much of his expedition to the afllftance of the Svnierons, who, being accuftomed to the climate, and naturally robuft, when any of the Englilh f,ri.i5 fitted out to purfue them, which might undoubt- edly have overpowered the pinnaces and their feeble crews. Nor did their fufpicions ftop here; but immc- diatciv it occurred to them, that their n>en might be compelled by torture to difcovcr where their frigatOand lliip were ftationed, which being weakly manned, and without the prcfence of the chief Commander, would fall into their hands almoll without relilUncc, and all poUlbility of efcaping be entirely cut off. Thefe rc- Heiflions funk the whole company into defpair; and everv one, inrtcad of endeavouring to break through the dilhcultics that furroundcd him, religned himfelf up to his ill fortune; when Drake, whole intrepidity was never to be fhaken, and whofe rcalbn was never to be fiirpri'/.cd or cmbarrafTed, rcprcfented to thcni, that, though the Spaniards fliould have made themfclves maf- ttrs ot the pinnaces, they might yet be hindered from difcovering the ihips. He put them in mind, that the pinnaces could not be taken, the men examined, their examinations compared, their refi'lutions formed, their vcflTtls fcntout, and the fliips taken in an inftant. Some time mufl neceflarily be fpent before the lall blow could be ftruck; and, if that time were not ncgledfully lol^, it might be polTible for fome of them to reach the fliips before the enemy, and dircd them to change their lla- tion. They were animated with this difcourfe, by which they obfcrvcd that their leader was not without hope; hut, when thcv can\e to l(K)k more narrowly into their fuiiation, the) were unable to conceive upon what it was founded. To pafs by land was impoffible, as the way lay over high mountains, thick woods, and deep ri- \cis: they had not a lingle boat in their power, fo that palFage by water fecined equally impradicable. But Drake determined upon the only means of fucccfs which their condition afforded them; and, ordering his men to make a raft out of the trees that were then Hoating in the river, oJered himfelf to put out to fca upon it, aiid chearfuily alked who would accompany him. John Owen, John Smith, and two Frcn'chmen, who were willing to lliare iiis fortune, embarked with him on the raft, \vnich was fitted out with a fail made of the bifcuit lacks in which they had carried their proviiions, and foriVed a kiiul of oar to dired its courfe inllead of a rudder. Then, having comforted the reft with alfur- anccs of his regard for them, and refolurion to leave nothing unatteniptcd for their deliverance, he put oft"; and, after having with much difficulty failed three leagues, defcried two pinnaces JiaJUng towards him, which, upon a nearer ajiproach, he difcovcrcd to be his own; and, hailing them, projx)fed that they ftiould anchr)r behind a point that jutted out into the fca, while he put to (liore; and, eroding the land on foof, U-.1S received by his company with that fatisfac'.ion which is only known to thole who have been acquainted with dangers and diftrcfics. The fame night they rowed filently to Rio Fran- rifco, where they embarked the whole company, with what trcafure they had been able to bring with them iliwugh tile woods; then failing back with the utmoft expedition, they returned to their frigate, and foon af- ter to their rtiip, where I>ake divided thl' gold and fil- ytr equitably between the French and linglilli. Here they fpent fourteen days in fitting out their fri- gate more completely; during which time, the French- men, with their fliip, lay among the Cabezcs, while twelve Knglilh and fixtecn Symerons travelled once more into the country, as well to recover the French Captain, whom they had left wounded, as to brinj; away the trcafure which they had hid in the woods! Drake, whom his company would not fuffe- to hazard his perfon in another land expedition, went with tii'cm to Rio Francifco, where he found one of the French- men who had ftaid to attend their Captain, and was in- formed by him, upon his enquiries after his fortune that, half an hour after their fcparation, the Spaniards came upon them, and cafily feized upon the wounded Captain ; but that his companion might have efcaped with him, had he not preferred money to life; for fee- ing him throw down a box of jewels that retarded him he could not forbear taking it up, and, with that and the gold which he had already, was fo loaded that he could not efcape. With regard to the bars of gold and filvcr which they had concealed .1 the ground, he informed them that 200 men had been employed in fearching for them. The people, however, either miftrufting the informer's veracity, or confident that what they had hidden could not be found, purfucd their journey; but, upon their arrival at the place, found the ground turned up for two miles round, and were able to recover no more than 1 3 bars of (ilver, and a fmall quantity of gold. They difcovered afterwards, that the Frenchman who was left drunk in the woods, falling into the hands of the Spaniards, was tortured by them till he confcirtd where Drake and his company had concealed their plunder; fo fatal to Drake's expedition was the drunk. enncfs of his fol'owers. Then, difmilTlng the French, they palTcd oy Car. thagena with their coloura flying, and'foon after took a frigate laden with provifions and honey, which they va- lued as a great reftorative, and then failed away to the Cabe/.es. Here they ftaid about a week to careen their vellels, and fit them for a long voyage, determi.-.ing to fet Hiil for Flngland; and that the faithful Symerons might not go away unrewarded, broke up their pin- naces,andgavc them the iron, thenioft valuable prclcnt in the world to a nation w hofc only employments were warand hunting, and amongfl whom fliow and luxury had no plice. Pedro, their Captain, being dclired by Drake to go through the ftiips, and to chufe what he moft defired, fixed his eye upon a fcymetar fct with jewels, which the French Captain had prcfentcd to Drake for the provifions with which he had fupplicd him.and, being unwilling to aftt forfo valuable a prdcnt, oflcred for it tour large quoits, or thick plates of gold, wiiich he had formerly concealed in the waters; but I/rakc, dcfirous to fhcw him, that fidelity feldoin is without a recompencc, gave it him with the highcll profelTions of fatisfatlion and eftecm. Pedro, rcce-ving it with thcutmort gratitude, informed him, that by be- llowing it he had conferred greatnefs and honour upon him; for, by prefenting it to his King, he doubted not of obtaining the higheft rank among the Symerons. He then perliftcd in his rcfolution of giving him the gold, which was generoully thrown by Drake into the common ftock; for he faid that thofe at whofe expcncci he had ber n fent out, ought to ftiare in all the gain of the exped tion. whatever pretence cavil and chicanery might fu'jply for the appropriation of any part of it. Thus w; s Drake's charader conliftcnt with itfclf; he W.1S cqi ally fuperior to avarice and fear; and, through whatever danger he might go in qucft ol gold, he though ; it not valuable enough to be obtained by arti- fice or lillionefty. The r now forfook the coaft of America, which for many months they had kept in perpetual alarms, hiv- ing taxen more than 100 veffels of all flzcs between Carth igcna and Nombre de Dios, of which they never deftroyed any, unlefs they were fitted out againfr them, nor ever detained the prifoncrs longer than was nccef- fary fur their own fccurity or concealment, providing for thcin in the lame manner as for themfclves, and prc- tcttting To the S O U T H S E A and. R O UNO the WORLD. 379 teiling them from the malice of the Symcrons; a be- haviour which humanity dictates, and which, perhaps, even policy cannot difapprovc. He murt, certainly, meet with obftinate oppofition who makes it equally dangerous to yield as to refift, and who leaves his ene- mies no hopes but from vidory. What riches they acquired is not particularly related; but it is not to be doubted, that the plunderof fo many vclFcls, together with the filver fcized at Nombrc dc Dioj, mull amount to a very great fum, though the fliare that was allotted to Drake was not futhcient to lull him into effeminacy, or to reprcfs his natural inclina- tion to adventures. They arrived at Plymouth on theoth of Auguft, 1573. on Sunday in the afternoon; and To much were the people delighted with the news of their arrival, that they left the preacher, and ran in crouds to the key -withfhouts and congratulations. Drake having, in the voyage juft mentioned, had a view of the South Sea, as has already been related, and formed a rcfolution to fail upon it, did not fuller him- fclf to be diverted from his defign by the profpeCt of any difiiculties that might obftruct the attcnipt, nor any danger that might attend the execution. His reputation was fufficicntly eftabliflicd to remove all obftacles (for obftadcs he met with), and to obviate the motives that produced them; but it was not till the year 1577, that he wasableto aflcmble a force proportioned to his de- fign, and to obtain a commifhon from the Queen, by which he was conftituted Captain-General ot a fqua- dron, confifting of five veflcls, of which the Pelican, of 100 tons, was commanded by himfcif as Admiral; the Elizabeth, of 80 tons, Vice-Admiral, commanded by John Winter; the Marygold, of 30 tons, by John Tho- mas; thei^wan, of 50 tons, by John ChcHer; and the Chriftophcr, of 15 tons, by Thomas Moon, the honeft carpenter, who, on the former voyage, deftroyed the Swan by Drake's dircorcs and military preparations, but carried with him wtiatcverhe thought might contribute to raife, in thofe nations with which he iliould havj m- tercourfc. the highcft ideas of the aru and grandeur ot his native country. He, therefore, not only procured a iomplcte fervice of hlver-plate for his own table, and furniihed the cook-room w ith many veirels of the fame metal, but engaged feveral mulicians to accompany hini; rightly judging, that nothing wouUi more excite the admiration of fav.igcs, or uncivilized people, than the powers of mufic. On this occafion, however, it murt not be concealed, that he engaged his men on the faifc pretence of failing to Alexandria; and that it was not till after he arrived on thccoallof Brazil, that he ac- quainted them with his dcfign of palhng the Straits, and entering the .South Seas. On the 1 5th of Nov. 1 577, about three in the after- noon, he failed from Plymouth ; but a heavy llorm (fuch as no man on board had ever feen before), taking him al- moft as foonasoiit of port, forced him into Falmouth, where he Ihid till the 13th of December to refit. He then took his departure, and on tiie 25th of the fame month fell in with the coall of Uaibary, and on the J7th cart anchor at the idand of Mogadore, about one miledirtant finm the main, between which and the ifle they found a very convenient harbour. I lerc he began to build the pinnaces, the frames of which he brought ready fiom Plymourhtobc put together, as in his former voyage. While the carpenters were employed in this fervice, they were difcovcred by the Moors that inhabit thofe coaUs, who fcnt two of thcirChicfs onboard Drake's (hip, receiving at the fame time two of his company as hollages. Thefemen he notonly treated in the molfhofpi- tablc manner, but prcfentcd them with fuch thingsaa they appeared moft to admire; it being with him an elhiblifli- cd maxim to endeavour tofccurc in every country a kind reception to fuch Englifhineii as lliould come after him, by treating the inhabiuiits with kindncfs and genc- rolity. Ikiitiiis friendly intcrcoiirfe was in appearance foon broken ; for, on the next day, obfcrving tlie Moors making fignals from the land, they fcnt out their boat, as before, to fetch them to the (hip; and one John Frye leapt adiore, intending to become an hodagc, as on the former day, when immediately he was fei/.ed by the Moors; anil the crew obferving great mimijcrs (hire from behind a rock with weapons inthcirhr. ...!•■, thought it next to madnefs to attempt his rclcuc, and, theiefbrc, provided for their own fcciirity by returning to the (hip. FVye was mounted on horfeback, and immedi- ately carried up into the country to their King, who being then in continual cxpedation of an invaiionfrom Portugal, fufpedled that thefe (liips were lent only to reconnoitre the coaft, and difcover a proper harbour for a more formidable Heet; but, being informed who they were, and whither they were bound, not only difmilFed his captive, but made large offers of friendlhip and alTiftancc; which Drake, however, did not flay to re- ceive; but being difgu(ted at this breach of the laws of commerce, and apprehending further treachery, he quitted the coall on December 31, and on the 17th of January arrived at Cape IJlanco, having in their paliagc taken feveral Spanifli vclfels, and found one in the har- bour with no men. Here, while Drake was employing his men in catch- ing lilh, and training them for land as well as fca fer^ vice, the natives came dov, n to the fca-(ide with amber- greafeand other gums, to tralVic for fuch commodities as they then ftood inoll in need of, and with which Drake very gencroudy fupplicd them. Having rihedand difcharged the Spanifli (liips, which they h'.d taken, they failed on the 2 2d of January to- wards the ifles of Cape Verd, and on the 27ih came to anchor before Mayo, hoping tofurnilh themdivcs with frefli water; but, having landed, they (bund the chief town deferted ; and, marching farther up the country, faw the vallies extremely fruitful, and abounding with ripe (igs, cocoas, and plantains, but could by no means i-,rrv:ul upon the inhabitants to converfe or tratlic with them. However, they were fuH'ered ijy them to range the cotintry without moledation, but found no water, except at fuch a didance from the fea, that the labour of carrying it to their (hips w.is greater than it was at that ti.nc neceflary for them to undergo. .Salt, had they wanted n, mijrht have been obtained with lefs trouble, being h It l)y the Tea upon tiic fands, and hardened by till' fun, during tht cbh, in fuch quantities, that the it tratlk of this iflanJ is carried on by means of it. . though the ifland abounded with goats, poultry, ,11. , delicious fruit . of \arous kinds, thi < ;j pro- curt, none of ai'>. conkqui.nce, becaufe il P( rtuguefe, who weretb' '^ n polfe lion of 11, were prohibited all commerce vmiIi lhnn(;ers on very levere [)enaltics. On the3ift of J.-.iuary they ni.i If St. Iaj:;o, an illand at that time divicUd between the natives and the Portu- guefc, who. fiiit entering thcfe illinJs lier t'j Ihew ot' traffic, by degrees ellablillicd thcmlncs, ilaimed a fuperiority over the native-, i:id hnrralfed them with fuch cruelty, that they obh,... d them eiUier to Hy to the woods and mountains, where m.iiu of them pcrillicd with hunger, or to take arms .i2;.imil their opprelfors, and, under the infuperable el.l.ui' tages with which they contended, to die almoll v.nl a battle. Such treatment had the natives ul '^ igo received, which had driven them into the n, kv parts of the ifland, from whence they made incui lions into the plantations of the Portuguel'e, fometimes with lols, but generally with that lUcccfs which dc(peiation produces; fo that tiie Portuguefe w ere in continual alarms, and lived with the natural confequences of guilt, terror, aiul anxiety. They were wealthy but not happy, and poircHed tiie illand, but did not enjoy it. In palling this illand, the garrifon of the fort dif- charged three pieces of cannon at them, but without eHeot. For this infult they took a Portuguefe (hip laden with wines, the pilot of which they rctainc(i, but •» fee «*-* I'Kii 380 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES fct the reft of the crew on (here. This man, Nuno da Silva by name, was very ufcful to thcin in traverfinc the coaft of Brazil, being acquainted with the bays and harbours where frefli Water and provifions were to be obtained. Hiiti they continued to detain captive, though thcy broke up his Ihip before they entered the Straits, till they were about to leave the coafts of Peru, when finding him no longer ferviccable, they fet him on iliore in the Spanifli fettlemcntf, from whence he af- terwards returned home, and w rote an account of the voyage as far as he went, which is thought by many to be very authentic. It was foon after the capture of this fliip that a differ- ence arofe between Drake and his friend, Mr. Thomas Doughty, which, gradually incrcaling, grew into inve- teracy, and terminated at lafl in the death of the latter. Doughty was a gentleman and a fcholar, whom Drake had perfuaded to embark in this expedition to better his fortune ; and to whom, till the incident happened which we are about to relate, he had (hewn particular marks of favour and friendship ; but trivial beginnings arc often produdive of the moft important events. The ground of the malevolence with which Drake purfued Doughty under the colour of jufticc, has i.i- therto lain concealed from the public eye ; but we Ihall now trace it, ftcp by ftep, till the fatal period when the unhappy vidlim was brought to the block, and when Drake, by fuffcring revenge to triumph over virtue, left an indelible blot upon his charader, which no panegy- ric can wipe away. Among the Harleian manufcripts there is a written account of this voyage, in which the author has parti- cularly had his eye on this tranfadlion. As he was an eyc-witncfs of all that pafTcd, his relation will bell ap- pear in his own wcrds: " Captain Drake, fays he, hav- ing boarded t'c ihip of Nuno da Sylva, and feallcd his eyes with the view of the comtnoditics, he committed the cuftody and well-ordering of this priie unto Maf- ter Thomas Doughty, as his good and efteemcd friend, praying him in any cafe to fee good order kept, and w hofo fliould be the breaker thereof to give him to un- derftandofany fuch without excfijtion of any. " It thus chanced that General Drake had a brother (not the wifcft man in chriftendom), whom he put into this faid prize, as alfo divers others. This Thomas Drake, as one more greedy of prey than covetous of honcfty or credit, offered himfelf the firft and only man to break the General his brother's commandment ; for he, contrary to his ftrid prohibition, did not only break open a cheft, but did dive fuddenly into the fame, that Mafter Doughty knew not how to difchargc himfelf againft the General but by revealing it unto him ; yet firft Mafter Doughty called I'homas Drake unto him, and ftiewcd him his great folly in this behalf, who, yielding unto his fault, prayed Mafter Doughty to be good unto him, and keep it from the General; but he briefly told him he could not keep it, but he would de- liver it with what favour he might. So at the General's next coming on board the prize, Mafter Doujjhty o[)cned the lame unto him, who prcfcntly falling into a rage, not without fomc great oatns, (cemed to wonder w hat Thomas Doughty mould mean to touch his bro- ther; and did, as it were, affure himfelf that he had fome farther meaning in this, and that he meant to ftrike at his credit, and he would not, or could not, by God's life (as he phrafed it), fuffcr it. From this time forth grudges did fccm to grow between them from day to day, to the no fmall admiration of the reft of the company, although fome envying his former favour and friendfliip with the Generai, and fome, I think, doubt- ing that his capacity would reach too far to the ag- grandizing his credit in the country, talked variouMy of the matter ; however, Mafter Doughty was put again into the Pelican. Thus grudges, although thcy had not long red cd, yet were thcy grown to great extremi- ties, fuch and fo great as a man of any judgment would verily think that his love towards him in England was more in brave words than hearty good will or friendly love." So writes our author. In procetdmg on their voyage, they came within 4 tight of Fogo, an ifland fo called from a nimintain about the middle of it continually burning, and likctiic reft inhabited by the Porluguefe. Tw o leaguis to thc fouthof Fogo lies Brava, which has reccivciT its nainc from its fertility, abounding with all kinds of fruits am] watered with great numbers of fprings and biooki.'but having neither ha-bour nor anchorage, was at that time uninhabited. Drake, having fent out his boats with plumcts to found, was not able to find any ground about it; and it is reported, that many experiments of the like kind have been made without fuccefs. However, he took in water fufficient; and on the ad of Feb. fet fail for the coaft of Brazil. On February the 17th, he paffed the equator, after being becalmed near three weeks, during which time they had dreadful ftorms of thunder with lightnine but without any memorable accident, till, continuinc their /oyage, on March 28, one of their velTels with :R men, and the grepteft part of the frefti water on board, was, to their great difcouragement, fcparatcd Ironi them ; but their perplexity laftcd not long, for on the next day they dilcovercd her, and flie again joinid her affociates. In their long courfc, which gave them op- portunities of obferving feveral animals, toth in liic air and water, at that time very little known, nothing crtcr- tained or furprized them more than the flying-liih, which is nearly of the fame fizc w ith a herring, and has fins of the length of his whole body, by the help ot" which, when he is purfued by the bcnito fa larf^c kind of mackarcl), as fovin as he finds himfelf upon the point of being taken, h : fprings up into the air, ami ilies for- ward as long as '.lis wings continue wet, moilhirt be- ing, as it feems, ncceffary to make them pliant and moveable; and, when they become dry and (UH, he blU down into the water, unlefs fome vcflcl intcr(.cj)ts him, and dips them again fbra fecond flight. This unhappy animal is not only purfued by fifltcs in his natural rlr. ment, Ixit attacked in the air, w here he hopes for laii- rity, by the don orfpar kite, agreat bird that preys upon fifti; and their foecics muft certainly be deftroycd, were not their increale fo great, that the young fry, in one part of the year, covers that part of the ica. There is another fifti, named the cuttle, of which whole ftioals will fometimes rife at once out ot the water, and of which a great multitude fell into th.cir ftiip. At length, having failed without fight of land for ;\ days, they arrived April the 5th on the coaft of Brazil, " In the mean while, you ftiall hear, fays our aiulior, what befel: Mafter Drake, never leaving to lak anJ force upon Mafter Doughty, found, in the end, this op- portunity to degrade him. Whether of puipofc, or his own voluntary, it chanced John Brown the truiiipa to go aboard the Pelican, where, for that he had bien long abfent, the company oftcred him a hobby, among the which, Mafter Doughty putting in hiu hand, l.iiJ, Fellow John, you Ihall have in my hand, although it Ixr but light amongft the reft; and lo laying his hand on his 1 rtock, which perceived of John 1 lurnpet, he be- gan I- 1 (wear wounds and blood to the company to let him loolc, for thcy ore not all (faid he) the General'-, friends that be lure; and with that turned him to Mafter lX)ughty, and, laid unto him (as himfelf prc- fcntly after lold ine inthc prize) God's wounds, Doughty, what duft thou mean to ufc this familiarity with nie, confidering thou art not the General's friend; who an- fwercd him. What, fellow John! what moves you to this, and to ufe thefc words to mc, that am as good and as furc a friend to my good General as anf in this place, and 1 defy him that Ihall fay the contrary. But is (he matter thus? whyyi' 'ellow John, I pray thee let me live until I come into England. Thus, John Brown coming again prefenrly aboard the prize, had not talked any long time with 'he (lencral, but the boat wcnr aboard and refted not, but prcfcntly brought Mafler Doughty to the prize's fide. General Drake fittinj^ in the midft of hu men, who hearing the boat at the fliip's fide flood up, and Mafter Doughty offering to take hold of tlu: Ihip to have entered, laid the Gcjural, Stjy To the S O U T li SEA aftd ROUND the WORLD. 381 Stay there Thomas Douchty, for I fnuft fend you to another place, and with that commanded the mariners Jo row him on board the fly-boat, faying unto him, it was a place more fit for him than that froth whence he came: but Maftcr Doughty, ahhougli he craved to fpcak with the General, could not be permitted, neither would he hear him." S«on after this, the fly boat here mentioned, (called the Swan), was feparated from them by a violent ftorm, " in all whofc abfencc, fays our au- ther, the General never ceafed to inveigh againft Maf- tcr Doughty, terming him a conjurer and a witch; and, at any time when wc had foul weather, he m ould fay that Tom. Doughty was the occafion thereof, and that it came out of Tom. Doughty's capcafe, and would avouch the fame with oaths." After the ftorm above-mentioned, they fleered near the land to the fouthward ; and on the 14th anchored under a cape, which they afterwards called Cape Joy, bccaufc in two days the velTcl that was mifling returned to them. Here they rtfrcflicd their weary crews, and took in frefli. water; but, finding the country, though nlcafant without inhabitants, they weighed anchor, and, hv running a liitle farther to the fouthward, found a fmall harbour between a rock and the main, where the r(Kk breaking the force of the fca, the fliips rode at anchor with the grcateft fecurity. On this rock they killed feveral feals, keeping them for food, and found thoni wholcfonie, though not palatable. Their next ^ourfe was directed to the great river of Plate, I". _(f> deg. of fouth latitude; but, not finding anchorage in that river, they failed in qucft of a more convenient harbour, when they were furpri/ed by a fudden ftorm, in which they again loft fight of the fiy- boat. This accident determined Drake to rontrad the number of his fliips, thii he might not only avoid the inconvenience of fuch frequent Icparations, but eafe the labour of his men, by havmg more hands in each vef- fcl. For this purpofc he failed along the coart ; and on May the t-^thdifcovcreda bay, which, though it pro- milcd lair, he durft not enter before it w .is examined: he, ttitreforc, ordered his boat to be hoiftcd out, and, taking the line into his own hand, went on founding the p,i(r.iKe till he was three leagues from his fliip, wh.-n on a fudden the weather changed, the fkics blackened, the w,nd rofe, and all the ufual forerunners of a florin bc- j;.in to threaten them. Nothing was now thought of but the means of returning to the fliip; but the thick- ncfs of the fog intercepting it from their fight, made the attempt almoft imi)radicablo. In this perplexity, which Drake was not more fenfibleof thnnthofc whom lie had left in the flups, nothing was t) be omitted, however dangerous, that might tend to extricate them fmm it. Captain Thomas, therefore, having the lightilt vellil, llecred lioldly into the hay, and, takuig the Ad- miral on Ixiard, dropt anchor, and lay out ot danger; while the reft that were in the open fca fullered much from the tempcfl, and the Mary (the I'ortiigueze priae) w.is driven before the wind. The others, as foon as the tempcll was over, difcovcring by the fires that were made on fliore where Drake was, repaired to him. Here they met with no inhabitants, thouj^h there were feveral wigwams or huts Handing, in which they found fome dried fowls, and among them ollrichcs, of which the thighs were as large as thofc of a fliecp. Thele bulls are too unweildy to rife from the groiuid; but with the help of their wings, or rather flumps, they run ft) fw iftly, that the Englilh could never come near enough to fliurliianee id his former refolution, he ordered her to lie broken up, preferving the iron work for a future lupply. The other vclfel which was lep.iratcd in the No, ^6. late florm, could not be difcovercd. VVhilc they were thus employed upon an illand about a mile from the main land, to which, at low water there was a pafllige on foot, they were difcovercd by the natives, who appeared upon a hill at a dilhince, dancing, and hofding up their handi!, as beckoning to the Englilh to come to them, which Drake obferving, fcnt out a boat with knives,- bells, and bugles, and fuch things as by their ufefulnefs or novelty he imagined would be agreeable. As foon as the Englilh landed, they obferved two men running towards them as deputed by the company, who came within a little diflancC, and then ftanding ftill, could not be prtvailed upon to cdine nearer. The Englifli, therefore, tied their prcfents to a pole, which they fixed in the ground, and then retiring, faw the Indians ad- vance, who taking what they found upon the pole, left in return fuch feathers as they wore upon their heads, withafmall bone about lix inches in length, carved round the top and burniflied. Drake obferving their inclination to ('••iendfliip and traffic, advanced withfomc of his company towards the hill, upon fight of whom the Indians ranged themfclvcs in a line from caft to weft, and one ot them running from one end of the rank to the other, b.nckwards and forwards, bowed him- felf towards the riling and fctting of the fun, holding his hands over his head, and, frequently flopping in the middle of the rank, leaped up towards the moon, which then Ihonc directly over their heads; thus calling the fun and moon, the deities they worfliip, to witncfs to the linccrity of their protelTions of peace and friend- fliip. While this ceremony was performing, Drake and his company afccndcd the hill, to the apparent terror ot the Indians, whole npprehenfions when the Englifh pcrceivcil, tlicy peaceably retired, which gave the na- tive? lo much encouragement, that they came forward iir.mediaielv, and exchanged their arrows, feathers, and hon^s, for fuch trifles as were oflered them. Thus they traded tor fome time; but by frequent intercourfe, find- ing that no vioieuce was intended, they became fami- liar, and mingled with the Englilh without the leafi diftriill. They go quite naked, except the I'kinoffomc animals, wliiclithey throw over their flioiildcrs when they walk or lie in the open air. They roll up their hair, which is very long, with a plume of oftrich's fea- thers, and ufiiaily flick their arrows in it, that they may not encumber them, they being made w ith reeds headed w ith Hint, and therctbre not heavy. Their bows are about an ell linig. Their chief ornament is paint, which they ufe of feveral kinds, delineating generally upon their bodies the figures of the fun and moon in honour of their deities. It is obfervable, that the inhabitants of molt nations amongft whom the ufe of cloaths is unknown, paint their bcklies. Such was the i- actice of the inhabit- ants of our own country. To ihis cuftom did our car- licfl enemies, the Picls, owe their denomination. As it is not probable that caprice or fancy Ihould be uniform, there murt be doubtlefs fome realbn for a practice fo general, and prevailing in d.llant parts of the world which have no communication with each other. The original end of painting the ir bodies was probably to exclude the coKI; an end, which, if wc believe fbmc relations, is fo tft'cchially produced by ir, that the men thus painted never Ihiver at the moft piercing blafls: but. doubtlefs, luiy people fo litirdcned by continual fe- verities, would, even without paint, be lefs fenfible of the cold than the civili/cd inhabitants of the fame di- Uiutc. However, this praClice may contribute in fome degree to ilelend them tiom the injuries of winter, and, in thoCe climates where little e\aporatcs by the pores, may be ufed with no great inconvenience: but in hot countries, where perfpiration in a greater degree is ne- celliiry, the natives only ufe uncHon to prclervc them from the other extreme of weather, or more probablv, fioni the inconvenience of the Hies, which, wiMC it not for that or foiue Inch defence, would be intolerable. Thcfe favages had no i aiues, like the' other Indi.ins, nor any method of crolling the water ; which was pro- bably the reafon why the birds in the adjacent iflands 5 D were .lyjl^^ 382 Sir FRANCIS DRAKEs VOYAGES were (o tame that they mij^ht be taken with the hand, having never been before Irightcd or molefted. The birds here fpoioint for thee nor thy advantages; and if ever thou jiMiiell home to enjoy any advantages, 1 will be trulied up. Then in multiplying words, and as 1 heard J Mow u\- two palling between ihem, the Mailer, in tiie l'j)leen of his heart, looking at him with an evil eve. Thou! will thou have vidtuab! thou lliali "/e^lad, ii \>e (io not meet with the General, the rathe ■ to eat thai tall.i Imm my tail'on the anchor-fluke re thou ^(■Kt'lt home again. Then Mafler lX)ughty turning U) M.ilUr Chelh r, faid unto him, Mafler C Her, let eui lii't be iluis iifed at this knave's hands. I.r c nothing ol that uutlH)rity that the General commits t unto you. It )(»ii will, we will putthc fword into your lands again, and }0u Hall have (he government. Tiiis cafe 1 will aver to be true, for there were two or three witiuirt fvvorn to thefe articles, as fome of the fpcciaK matter that he had to lofc his head for." It was not many days after this quarrel before tlic Swan fell in again with the fleet; when Drake, as has been faid, caul ed her to be hauled on flmre, fet on (ire and burnt ; or, as others fay, broke up and convcrtai into fire- wood for thcufeof the fleet. Mr. Doughty, being here delivered from the fly-hoat was again reftored to the Pelican, where the mailer with whom he had the difpute appears to have pre ferrcd a complaint againfl him, and with fuch aggrlva" tions as he thought proper to add; all which were fa" vourably heard, and credit given to the whole relation by the General, who wanted only a pretence toper, feverc in his fe verity to the man who, being once- his fiivourite, was now become the objed of his moll inve- terate hatred. Doughty, provoked, no doubt, by ijie mifreprefentations of the matter, and the partiality witli which they were heard, gave the General fome oppro. brious language, adding, •• that the lightell word ihat came out of his (Doughty "s) mouth was to be believed as foon as the General's oath. Whereupon the General did not only ftrike him, but commanded hiiu to be bound to the matt; for the accomplilliment of which the mailer of the Hy-boat took no little pains. This happened as the two fhips (the Pelican and the Canter) lay together; and as foon as Doughty was releakil, he was put into the Canter, although greatly againll' his will, for that he faid h« knew them to be there that fought his life, as namely the mailer of the fly-boat and fome other defnerate and unhonett people; but would he or no, thither he mutt, or clfe the General fwore he would lift him out with the tackle, and for that purpofc cominanded the tackle to bcloofed. Thus aboard the Canter he went, and his brother John Doughty with him." The Canter was a velfel taken from the Spaniards on thecoaftof ;\frica. While they lay in this harbour, there i« one remark- able incident related by this author that deferves parti- cular notice, as it tends to illuttrate the previous Hops that were purfucd to accomplifh the ruin of this unfor- tunatc gentleman. " On board the Hy-boat, fays he, was one Thomas Cuttle, who fome time had been Captain of the Pelican under Drake, with whon> the General had been tarn, luring. This man came out from him in great wrath, and offering to go over to the main, between the which, and the illand where they then hy, was (as has been laid) but a Ihallow water. He, ftanding well ni"h up to the middle in the w.-iter with his piece, uttereJ" thefe woids. Well, my Matters, quoth he, I find 1 am hea- vily borne with here, bccaufe I will not .iccul'e this gentleman (meaning Doughty) of that, as 1 take C;od to witnefs, I know not by him; and, therc- fbre, I declare before you all, that, whatloevcr be- comes of me, I never knew any thing by him but to lie the General's friend; and, rather than 1 will hide thu hard countenance at the General's hands, 1 will vieM mylelf into cannibals hands; andfo I pray you all to pray for me." .•\itcr this public declaration the man departed; and, having reached the oppofitc lliore, he went up into the country, where firing his piece to bring the na- tives to him, Drake taking it for a lignal that he wanteJ to return, fcnt a boat over to the main, and brought him back. Jutt before their departure from this harbour, which l.iy in a bay a little to the Ibuihward of Cape 1 lop., " Captain Drake himfelf came on board rh- IJizabeth, and calling all the company together, told them, that he was to fend thither a couple of men, the winch lie did not know how to carry along with him this vovage, and go through therewithal, as namely, quoth he, tho- mas l^ughty, who is a commotioner and a feditious lei- low, and a very bad and lewd fellow, and one iliat 1 have made iha- ...koning of as of my left hand; and his brother the young Doughty, a witch, a potlbiier, and fuch a one as the world cannot judge of, having hn knowledge from the dtvjl ; and fb varning the toin- To the SOUTH SEA and ROUND the WORLD. 383 vious Ih'ps pjny that none flioulcl fpcak to them, nor ufe any con- tlrcnce-with them; if they ilid, he would hold them as his enemies, and enemies to the voyage. And he willed that great care fliould be taken that they fliould neither write nor read ; and that he declared what wealth the worft boy in the fleet (houlii t)y this voy- agc, and how the worft boy fliould never need to go again to fca, but fliould be able to live in England with a right good gentleman; for, quoth he, you fliali fee that we will have gold come as plentiful as wood into the Ihips. Having finiftied his fpeech, he departed, and (hortly after fent the faid Thomas Doughty and his brother aboard the Elizabeth, commanding them, as they would anfwer it with their lives, not to fet pen to paper, nor yet to read but what every man might un- derhand and fee. And furc, adds our author, their en- tertainment there was accordingly; for men durft not fpcak to them, although willingly perhaps they would ; and as their fare was with the limplelt in the fliip, fo was their lodging. But hi, Thomas Doughty, having agreed with the boatfwain of the lliip for a cabin which rtood, God knows, in an uncomfortable room, yet muft he pay {1. for the fame in England. But what came of this to the poor fcJIow ! he was fain for his friendly ulin" him to lofe his office, and continue in heavy dif- plcafure." Having ftaid fifteen daysinthc harbour, during which time they continued their friendly interrourfc with the fava"c*, on June the ;}d they fet iail towanis the South Sia, and fix days afterwards (lopt at a little bay to break up the Clirillopher, which from the fmallncfs of its fi/.c was founci incapable of living in thofe boifterous feas.of which, before they entered them, they had con ceived no adequate idea. Then paffing on, they found it ncceflary to caft anchor in another bay, w ith a view to recover the Portuguefe prize, which was feparated from them in the llorm of the 27th of April, and had not yet rejoined them. To return in fearch of it was fuilicienily mortifying; to proceed without it, was not only to deprive themfelves of a confiderable part of their force, but to expofc their friends and companions, who had voluntarily embarked on board her, to certain death or certain captivity. This roniidcration pre- vailed; and. therefore, on the 18th, after prayers to (iod, with which Drake (for example's fake) never for- got to begin an enterprizc, he put to fea, and the next day near Port Julian difcovcred their allcniates, whole Iliip was now grown leaky, having fulVereii mmh in the firll rtorm by which they were feparated, and afterwards in the fruitlefs attempts to regain the licet. Drake, therefore, being dclirous to relieve their fatigues, en- tered Port Julian. They no fooncr landed than they were accolU'd by two of the natives, of whom Ma- pcilan left a very terrible account, having defcribed thini as a nation of giants and monflers : nor did they find his narrative entirely without foundation; for the lead of thofe they faw was larger and taller than the largcrt of their company. The two who accofled the Lnglilh appeared much pleafed with their new guefts, received willingly whatever was given them, and very exadly obferved every thing that paifed. fecming more particularly delighted with feeing Oliver, the matter - i^unncr, flioot an Englifli arrow. They fliot themfelves iikewife in emulation, but their arrows always fell to the ground far fliort of his. Soon after this friendly contcft came another, who, obferving the familiarity of his countrymen with the llrangers, appeared much difpleafed ; and, as the Eng- lillmien perceived, endeavoured to perfuade them from Inch an intcrcourfe. What eflcd his arguments had was foon after apparent ; for another of Drake's com- panions, being delirous to fticw the third Indian a fpe- cimen of the Englifli valour and dexterity, attempted Iikewife to fltioot an arrow; but drawing it; with his fiill . force, burft the bow-ftring: upon which, the Indians, who were unacquainted with their other weapons, ima- gining them difarmcd. followed the company as they were walking negligently down towards their boat, and let fly their arrows, aiming particularly at Winter, who had the bow in his hand. He, finding himfelfvoiindcJ in the flioulder, endeavoured to refit his bow; and. turning about, was pierced with a fecond arrow in the bread. Oliver, the gunner, immediately prefentcd hjj piece at the infidious aflailants, which failing to take fire, gave them time to level another Hight of arrows, by which he was killed; nor, perhaps, had any of them efcaped, furprizcd and perplexed as they were, had not Drake animated their courage, and dirciflcd their mo- tions, ordering them, by perpetually changing their places, to elude as much as might be the aim of their enemies, and to defend their bodies.with their targets; and inftruding them by his own example to pick up and break the arrows as they fell, which they did with fomuch diligence that the Indians were foon in danger of being difarmed. Then'Drake himfelf taking the gun, which Oliver had fo unfuccefstuliy attempted to make ufe of, difcharged it at the India. 1 that fiill be- gan the fray and had killed the gunner, aiming it fo hap{)ily that the hail-fliot, with which it was loaded, toie open his belly, and forced him to fuch terrible outcries, that the Indians, though their numbers in- creafed, and many of them fliewed themfelves from dif- ferent parts of an adjoining wood, were too much ter- rified to renew the affai-lt; and fuffered Drake without molel^ation to withdraw his wounded friend, who, be- ing hurt in his lungs, languiflied two days, and then dy- ing, was interred with his companion with the ufual ceremony of a military funeral. They ftaid here two months after this quarrel, w ith- oiit receiving any other injuries from the natives, in which time tncy difcovered the gibbet on which Ma- gellan had formerly executed fomc of his mutinous company, and where " Drake, according to the wri- ters of the Biographia Britannica, did the leafl com- mendable action of his life, in executing Mr. John Doughty, a man next in authority to himfelf; in which, however, he preferved a great appearance of juftice." To clear this ni.itter fully, it will be nccefTary to bring together the fubftaiicc of what thcfe authors have faid on the fubjcct, and then to add the plain relation from the maniifcript already quoted. ' Here it was (at Port St. Julian), fay thefe writers, that on a fuddcn, having carried the principal perfons engaged in the fervice to a dcfart illand lying in the bay, he called a kind of council of war, or rather court mar- tial, wh'.-rc he cxpofcd his commifHon, by which the (^een granted him the power of life and death, which vMos delivered him with this remarkable expreflion from her own mouth; " Ve do account, that he, Drake, who llrikes at thee, does ftrike at us." He then laid open, with great ekxiuence, (for, though his education was but indirterent, he had a wonderful power of fpeech) the caufe of this affembly. . He pioceeded next to charge Mr. John Doughty, " who had been fecond in command, during the whole voyage," when Drake was prefent, and hrll in his abfence, w ith plotting the deftruction of the undertaking, and the murder of his perfon. He faid he had the firft notice of this gentle- man's bad intentions before he left England ; but that he was in hopes his behaviour toward.^ him, would have extinguiflied fuch difpofition, if there had been any truth in the information. He then appealed for his be- haviour to the whole affembly, and to the gentleman accufed. He next cxpofed his pradices from the time that he left England, while he lived towards him with all the kindnefs and cordiality of a brother; which charge he fupported by producing papers under his own hand, to which Mr. Doughty added a full and free confellion. After this, the «. aptain, or, as in the language of thofe times he is called, theO'eneral, quitted the pLice, telling the affembly he exjieded that 'hcv fliould pafs a verdict ujion him, fbr he would be no judge in his own caufe. Camden, as the reader will fee, fays, that he tried him by a jury; but, other ac-j counts affirm, that the whole forty perfons of which the court was compofed, had judgcil him to death, and gave this in writing under their hands and feals, leaving the time and manner of it to the General. Mr. Doughty himfcif ■^ .i.l^^X"^' 3*4 Sir FRANCIS DRAKEs VOYAGES himfelf faid, that he defircd rather to die by the hands of jufticc than to be his own executioner. Upon this, Captain Drake having maturely weighed the whole patter, prcfcnteJ three points to Mr. l>)ughty 's choice: firft, to be executed upon the ifland where they were; next, to be fct on ihora on the main land; or, lartly, to befent home to abide the juftice of his country. He defired he might have till the next day to conlidcr of thcfc, which was allowed him, and then, giving his reafons for rejcding the two \ixi\, he declared that he made the firlV his choice; and, having received the fa- crament with the General, from the hands of Mr. Francis Fletcher, Chaplain to the fleet, and made a full ronfelTion, his head was cut off with an axe by the Pro- vod-Marlhal, July the ad, 1578. ' As to the imputation which this matter bmught upon Drake, wc will firft cite what Camden fays of this tranfadion: "On the 26th of April, entering into the mouth of the river of Plate, he faw an infinite nimiber of fea-calves; from thence failing into the haven of St. Julian he found a gibbet, fct up, as it was thought, by Magellan for the punilhment of certain mutineers. In this very place John D)ughty, an induflrioiis and th)ut man, and the next unto Drake, was called to his trial for railing a mutiny in the fleet, found guilty by twelve men after the Fnglifli manner, and conikinned to ileath, which he fuiread undauntedly, being beheaded, hav- ing firit received the holy communion with Dr.-.ke. And, indeed, the niofl impartial pirfons in the lUit were of opinion, that he had acted fcdirioiidy, antl th;u Drake cut him off as an emulator ol" his ^'ory. -md one that regarded not fo much who he himfelf excellcil in commendation for fea mat;ers, as who he thought might equal him ; yet wanted there not fome wlio, pretending to underlland things better than others, gave o\ t that Drake had in charge from Leiceller to take olf Doughty upon any pretence whatever, betaufe he had reported that tile I'.irl of FlTex was made away by the cunning pradices of that E;»rl." ' We find this matter, add the writers juft cited, touched in feveral other books, and particularly in two, which were written on purpofe to ex pole the Marl of l.eiccfter, and, perhaps, deferving the lefs credit for that rcafon. • It may be olVeredin defence of Sir Francis Drake, that this man was openly put to death, after as fair a trial as thecin umflances of time and place would per- jnit ; that he iiibmitted patiently to his fentence, and received the facrameiit with Drake, whom he embraced immediately before his execution. Bdides thefe, there are two points that defervc particular tonlideration : fn ft, that, in fuch ex[)editions, Itrid difcipline, and legal feverity, are often abfoluiely neceflarv; fecondly, that, as to the Earl of Elfex, for whofc death Doughty had exprelfed concern, he was Drake's firft patron, and it is, therefore, very improbable he flionld delhoy a man for endeavouring to detect his murderer. We may add to all this, if liberty may be indulged to conjedures, that this man, prefuming upon the Farl of Leiceller's fa- vour (who very probably impofed him upon Drake to be rid of him), was from thence encouraged to form de- iignsagainll Drake; and this might alfo be the reafon which hindered him from inclining to an abfolute par- don, as doubting whether it was poffible to truft one who had fo far abufed his confidence already, and w hofe known iniereft with fo great a man might always enable him to find inflrumcnts, in cafe he was wicked enough to enter upon frefh intrigues.' We fliall jull remark upon what h above quotetl, thatthcauthors do not feem to have been well informed ; for they have all along imputed to John Doughty what related to his brother Thomas; and, if credit may be given to the author of the manufcript (John Cook by name), this unfortunate Thomas fell a facrifice to Drake's rcfcntinent. " On this ifland in Fort .St. Ju- lian, fays he, paffed many nutters, which, I think, (Jod would nothavctobcf omcalcd, efpecially for that they tended to murder; for he CDrake) (pewed out againll Thomas Dough'.y his vei.oiii. Here he ended all his conceived hatred, not by courtefy and friendly rccrn. cilement, but by mol\ tyrannical blood-fpilling; for he was never quiet while he lived, who in wifdoin .-ind ho. neft government as farfurpafTed him, as he in tymniw furpaffed all men. The world neverp you lure, you ftiall fee what I will fay unto you. Matter Doughty then calling on Maftcr Winter, faid unto him, Maf- tcr Winter, will you be fo good as to undertake this for inc.' Then Matter Winter faid unto Matter Drake, that he fliould be fife of his pcrfon, and he would warrant him, if he did commit him to his cuttody. Then Drake, a little paufing, faid, See then, my Matters, we mull thus do; we muft nail him clofe under the hatches, and return home again without making any voyage, and if yon will do fo, then fpeak your minds. Then a c:)nipany of defpcrate bankrupts that could not live in thcu own country without the fpoil of that as others had got by the fweat of their brows, cried, God forbid, good (icneral! which voice was no lels attentively heard, for there necde.t no fpur to a willing horfc. Thus, telling Mailer Doughty to prepare for his death, and having given him one whole day's refpite to (ct all things in order, he rofe and departed, pioniiling that his coniinual prayers to God Ihould not ceafe, that it would pleafc G(xl to put it into his head how he might do him good: but he had fo often before fwora that he would hang him, that 1 think at this prcfcnt he meant to do hull little good. Thus Matter Doughty continuing all this night, the next day, and the iecond night in his prayers, except fomc fmall time that he ufcd in fetting his worldly bulinefs in fome way, and dittributing to fuch as he thought good, fuch things as he then had with him, was the 2d day of July commanded him to prepare himfelf, and to make ready to die. Then Mailer Doughty, with a more chearful countenance than ever he Tiad in all his life, to the (how, as one that did altogether contemn life, prayed him, that, ere he died, he might receive the facraincnt; which was not only granted, but Drake himfelf ottered to accompany him to the Lord's Tabic, for the which Matter Doug- ty gave him hearty thanks, never worfe terming him than my good Captain. Matter Drake otfcrcd him withal S 1^ to ^J^^MMlKl'' 386 Sir I U a N C I S DRAKE'S VOYAGES nukcchoiir ol' his own iliath, ami lor that lu' fakl he was a gciuhnicii hr (hoiiUibut lofclus hcail, the wliic h kind of (liath was tii tounirv: he remembered alio thcrdii iii\eis In. pood friends, and elpecially Sir William Winter, pi.u-- ing Mailer Jol'.n Winter to comineml him to that ;; oil Knight, all which he ilid with fo chcarful a counte- nance, as if he had. gone to fomr great prepared ban- quet, the whii h, 1 fine think, that he w.is fully refolved that (Jod had provided for him; fo at the lall, turning tothe Ci'encral,he |iraudhim th.it he might make w.i- tcr ere he dud, for, quoth he, the flelli is frail, and withal turned him about and did fo; and, uiming again, (aid. Now, truly, I may fay as laid Sir Thomas More, that he that i iits oil' my head lliall have little honelty, nn neck is fo Ihort: So turninj; him, and looking about on the whole company, he dclired them all tolorgive him, and iTpeciall\ fome that he did per- ceive to have difplcafuie bcrne them for his fake, whereof Thoir.as Cuttle was one, I high Smith was ano- ther, and diviis others: whereupon. Smith prayeil him to fay before the (jeneral then, whether ever they had any conference together that might redound to his (the General's') preiiidue or detriment. He declared it at - his death, that neither he, nor any manelfe, evir prac tiled anv treaihety towards the (ieneral w'th him; nei- ther did he himfeil ever tliink any villainous thought againllhim. Then he |)rayed the (reneial to be good unto the lame ) lugh Smith, and to forgive him for his fake. .So the (icneral laid, Well, Smith, for M.iller Doughtv's fake, and at his rcqueft, I forgive thee; but become !in honell man hcrep'"*'.r. So then. Mailer Doughty embracing the General, naming him his good Captain, bid him tarewel; and fo bidding the whole company farewel, he 1 lid his head to the block, the which being llrickcnoif. Drake mofl delpitelulK made the head to he rakenup and (hewed to the whole com- pany, hnnfelf fa) ing, See, this i.; the end of traitors! So he being buried, an 1 thofe things liniflied, the whole companv being together, M.iller Drake protilUd be- fore (iod, that wholbi ver ho was who Ihould olllnd but the eighth part that '] homas Doughty had done, flioulddie tor it. He alio proteded, andl'woreby the life of God, and the blcH'cd facrament which he that day had received, that w holbever he were within the fleet that did give another a blow, ihould lofe his hand, without exception of any ; and yet, the next day, it fortuned chat Mailer Doiighti 's )Ounger brother, walk- ing botli filenily and tnoiirnfully, as well for remem- brance of his brother's late death, as alii) weighinir the imminent peril over his own head, (as what has btcn already faid and the prcfent confequencc may piirpnrt) there comes unto him this Mdward Uright, the chief in.' liniment of his brother's death, faying unto him, (joJh wounds! thou villain, what knowell thou by my wife? and withal lUuck at him with his ruler, as of piirpofcto pick a quarrel, to hallen his end alfo. VVhy, N'd IJright, quoth he, thou (cell in what tafe I am, I iir.iy thee let me alone; and withal bore olV the blow vntii his arm, wherewith the ruler broke: but Bright, (lenu ing very furious, thrull him in the face with the piece that lemaincd in his hand, the fplintcrs whereof en. tered an inch into his face; prefently upon the which, he went unto the (Jeniral to complain of IJriijlu. Why, John Doughty, i]iioth he, w ithout hav ing any rt- garvl of his oalh the d.iybelbre made, Ned Uripht will be open to ) our rev enge in I''.ngland ; (iir, I iLire lav, thy Inotlierdidbelye her, when he fiid that (he had an ill name inC'ambriilge. 'I'hen might every man perceive the little-meant l.onelly." I'rom this plain nanaiiveof the trial and extcutinn ol Dougluy, of the genuinenefs of vhicli there cannot bi; the leal! doubt, as the concomirant little ciiciim. (l.inces all concur to conlinn the aiithor both an eye and ear wirnels of what lie has related, there is n-.ifon to be lieve, that the fiiccefs t)t the voyage eovon 1 the ini- quity of the undertaker; and that the imm.'iife booty which Drake broiii''ir to Laigland, enabled him to iHfic the lomplaints of individuals; and, bv a pni| .r ad- dill'-, to conveit ihe :icts of oppn llioii, nuinle;. ainlpy- racy, of which he was guilty, into (b many deuls ol ne- reir.Mv duty, in order to the accomplilliment el the III. nil object, the aciiuilitiiinof wealth at the expenccof honelty. That Drake never had a C.'ommi.lion from the fjuccn, as his friends would fiiggell, appears not only fmni his not producing It at the trial of Doughty (which lati hardli be jultilied, in contempt to the priloner^, hut fro:;' his not producing it upon another occalion, when, as Ihall be Ihewn immedi.itelv.he vaunt inglv pto. diiced other credentials of tar lefs iiioment. in order to jiill f) his (luiduet, and give him credit with his com- jiany. The flory, then,of the remarkable words foilKJ into the mouth of his .Sovereign, and recited by his bio. graphcr, is as f'alle as inconfilK-nt with the characler uf that wife IVincels, who, though there is rcalbn from her at'ter-condiiet to com hide that flu; was privy to the voyage, yet never openly ci)untcnan-ed it, till after it was comi>leted, and the ilFiie of it determined; a-i ap- pears from the account of the converfition which Drake himfelf gave to his followers, a tew days before he left I'ort St. Juli.m to feck a pafl'age into the South Seas. "On the ()th of Augull, lays our author, he com. manded his whole company to be adioie, a:i 1. placing himfeil' in a tent, one fide of whiih was open, aiul calling MalKr Winter on one (ide cf him, and John Thomas on the other lide, his man laid bifnie hiina great paper book, and withal Mailer lletcher ollered himfeil to make a ''.rii. on. Nay foft. Mailer I'letelxr, f.iid he, 1 mull |.reai h this day myfelf, although 1 have I'm. ill (kill in preaching. Well, all ye the company, here are ve, or not.' .Anlwer was ni;ide, th.it they were all here. Then commanded he every (hip's coinp.iny fiveralli' to (land together; which was al(i) done. Then, (aid lie, Mv Malteis, I am a very bad orator, (iir my brin;'ing up hath not been in learning; but wliatlo I (hall lure ("peak, let every man take good notice ol, and let him wiite it elown, (or I will ("peak notliirg bat w hat 1 w ill anfvur it in lingland, )c.i, and beioie her M.i]c(ly,as I have it here already let down [but whether it were in Ins book or not, that I know noi, hut this was theeirect of it, and very near the words] ; Thiij it is, my MalUis, tint we're very far from our country and friends; we a'econipa(red in on every (ide with our enemies; wherefore we arc not to make ("in:ill reckoning of a man, liir wc cannot have a man il we would give for him ten thoufand pounds; wherefore we mult have thcfe mutinies and difcontcnts that arc grown amoiig(t ami fVll luell aiwll thai Ma| tlcii mai to I thel wof top thf| to I till rul| thcf hnil llill IcI biif Ifil fori mi[ yoi wii tit it. tlu IIV. VI I he CO ^■^^-iAi To the SOU in S K A ami R Ci U N U the W O R L D. 3«7 W"8Mn„ the "hat lusU,a |ht.thccl,a.t,n" ntohiin,(;uj., HI by my „ ifj , ■ , ^\'l'.v. NV,| ' •••I". 1 pr.iy tif Mcnunth f "''K'^t, (Icn,. "itlithe(,ifce Mhranf en. '" ''if Mhi.h [I'" or Iiii,-|,t Ji'ii Hri,.ht Mill I 'il'inlay.tli/ llic luil'anill "lan perceive hfiil '■'fcutiot] H tlicrc cannot '"'^^ '■'iiviini. ||-)thanacand •'<':i''()M tol'c, 'I'H.'liri- |Hl„ty d liim to lliHc •' l""| r ad. ""ii:. aiulpy- y (l((il, ,,( „c, ■lit ,;( the lie e.\j)HKcof nuhcQiicen, "I'y fVnni his ("Inch (an :'riloiKT\ hilt iiT "ccalion, ii(Hing|v|,i(). f- iiionln- to i'h hisconi- "oids („iH^.^| ■il hy lii?( bio. character nf i'on from hir pri^y to the till after it X'd; a. a|). ^hich Drake efore he left ith Seav. "; he coin. ■I'-i. placing open, ami , aiu! [ohii ■'"re hmi a her (.lli-rai •r l-'lculur, 'iigh I have eomj)ai)y, tlicy were i eompany 'DC. Then, r, /or my t whatio [ iec ()(, and 'tliir;; iiiit H ioie hir If whether , but this sj: ThllJ r country 'ide with kc finall lan if we "cfore we re grown aincngrt imonelHis reilrefTcdi tor, by the lite of (ioi, it iloih fvcn take my uits from mr to tliink on it. I lere it filth contrnvfrfy between the failors anil tiie fToniiemen, and fiifh llomachinK liftwcen the ^eiit lenun ami tailors, tliat it doth even make nic mad to hear it. Hut, my Martcr.', I miift have it rcafoi for I mult have thet^en- tlcmcn to haul and draw with the niariiierf, anil the inarinrrs with the gentlemen: ami let us Ihew ourfehei robe all of a company; ami let us not );;ive oeeation to the enemy to rejoice at our decay ami overthrow. I would know him that would refufe to let his hand to a rope; hut I truft there is not any fuch here; ami, as efntlemen arc very uccefTliiy for governsneiu take on thevnyaRC, fo have I llilpt them for that piii|)ofe, ami to fome further intent; and yet, thoiif^h I know tailors to lie the niofl envious people of the world, and lb un- ruly without government, yet may not I be without thcin. Alfo, if there be anv here willing to return hnnic, let me underllami ot them-, and ji'i • is the Marvjijokl, a Ihip that 1 can very well fpare, I will tur- nifli her to fuch as w ill return w ith the moll credit that I can give them, either by my letters or any way elfe; but kt tlicm take care that they go homeward; for, if 1 find them in my way, I«ill finely tink them; tlieic- fiire, you tliall have time to lontider hereof until ro- moriow, tor, by my troth, I muti needs be plain with yoii; "Ihavetaken that in hand that I know notin flu- world how to fj;o through withil;" il patleth m/ capa- city; it hath even bereaved me of my wits to iliiiik on it, [Well, yet the voice wai, that none winiKI return; thcv would all take fuch part as he did.] Will then, niv Mafters, quoth he, came yc all lorth with your oh n goodwills, orno? 'I hey anf«ercd. All, willingly. At whofe hands, my Mailers, take yc to rcn ive your wages.' At yours, anfwered the company. Then, laid he, how fay you, will you take wages, or fland to my rnurtefy? 'l"o your courtety, good Ca|)rain, was the re- ply. Then he commaniicd the flcMaid to the Mli/.a- bfth to bring him the key of the llores the which he did; then, turnint^ him unto Mailer Winter, he faiil, MalUr Winter, I do here difcharge you of your Cap- tainlliip; and fo in brief he faid to all the OlVucrs. Then Mailer Winter and John Thomas alked him what fhoutd move him to difiilace them? He atked in return, whether they could make any reafon why he (liould not do to? So willing them to content themfelves, h" willed lilence in thofe matters, faying, Ye tee here the great dilorders we areentanglcd into; and, although fomc have already received condign punilhment, as by death, who, 1 take (khI to witnefs, as \ou all know, was to me as my other hatul, yet \ou Ice, over and be- fidcs the rcH, his own mouth did bewray his treache- rous dealings: and fee, how, triillinij; to t' .• lingularity of his own wit, he over-reacht himl'ell at unawares. IJut Ice what (I'od would have to be done ; for her Ma- jclly commanded, that of all men my Lord Trcafurer ftioulil have no knowledge of this voyage, and to fee that his own mouth hath deilarcd that he had given him a plot thereof. But, truly, my Mailers, ami as I am a gentleman, there lliall no more die; I w ill lay my hand on no more, although there be here who have de- fervcd as much as hc; and lb charging one Worral that was pivfent, that his l\\['c was woife that Doughty's, who, in Mailer Doughty's extremities, was one of Drake's thief confellows, who, humbling himfelf to Drake, c\cn upon his knees, pra\ ed him to be good unto him, Well, well, Woriall. laid he, you ami 1 lliall talk well enough of this matter hereafter. Then he charged one John .Vudley with fomc ill dealings towards hini, but opened no matter, but laid, he would talk with hitn alone alter dinner. Here is tome again, my Mailers, notlnowing how elfe to difcredit me, lay anil .'Hirm, that 1 was fet forth nil this voyagt by Mailer Hatton ; fomc by Sir William Winter ; and fomc by Matter Han- kins; butthefe are a company of idle heads that have nothing clfe to talk of. ,'\nd, my Mafleis, I muft tell you, I do know thcni a^ my very good frirmls; but, to fay that they were the fitters forth of this voyage, or that it was by their means, I tell you it was nothing fo. Hur, indeed, tluis It was, My Lord of I'.llix wrote in my commendation unto .Secretary Waltingham more than I w.is worthy; but by like I had deferved liimewhat at his haiuls^ and hc thought mc in his letters a (it man lo ferveagainll the Spaniards lor my practice ami experi- ence that 1 had in that trade; whereujKjn, indeed, .Se- cretary Waltingham did come to eonf'ult with his l.orJlhip, and declared unto liim, that for that her IVlajcIly hail received ilivirs iniuiies of the King of Spain, tor the whic h, the di'fired to have fomc re- venge; and withal, hc thcwed mc a plot, willing me to let my hand, and to write down where I thoiighc he might mill be annoyed; but I told him tome p.irt of my mind, but refuli- 1 to fet my hand toany thing, allirniing, that her M.ijclly was' mortal, and that, if it Ihoiild pleafe (Jod to take her Majetly away, it might lb be that fome perl'on might reign ihit iui',flit be in league with the King of Spain, and then will mine own h m I be a witnefs againll myfelf. Then was I verv lliortly .ifter, and tm an evening, fent for unto her Miiellv by .'Secretaiy VValfingham ; and, the next dac, coining to her MajeiU, thefe, or the like words, the fai.l, Drake, tit it is that I would gladly be re- venged on the King of Spain for divers iii|uries that I have recei\ed: and laid t'lirtlier, that he was the only nun th ■[ inig'n do this exploit, and wiilial i raved his .idvice tlicrcin, who told her Majelly of the fniall good that w.is to he done ill Spain, biittheoiilv way was to •iiinnv him by his Indies. Then, with many more words, helliewtil forth a bill of her Majelly's adventure of ioo:j(rown., which, however, he liiid at fomc time betbie, that her Ma|clly did give him towards his ihaiges. He thewed alio a billot Mailer Hatton's adventure, and divers letters of credit that had pallid in his behalf; but he never let them coine out of his own hands. He laid alfii, that her Majelly did fwear .sy her crown, '• That, if any within her realm did give tic King of Spain hereof to undertland (as llie liif^ [lecled but two), they thould lofe their heads thcretine." \ivl now. Mailers, faid he, let us contider what we have done; " We have now fet together by the ears three mighty Princes, nameh', her Ma|elU-,lhe K;:'gs of Spain and I'oitiigal; aiul, il this voyagu lliould not have goixl furrefs, we thould not only be a li orning, or a reproach- ful fcoding-tlock unto our enemies, but alfo a great blotto o;ir whole ountry liir even and, what triumph would it be to Spam and Portugal ; and, again, the like would never be attempted." .And now, relloring every man ;igain to his tbrmer ollice, hc ended : thus lliewing the company that he would fatisfy ever) man, or cite hc would fill all that he ever had even unto his plate; for, i]uoth he, I have good reafon to promite, and am bell able to pcrtbrm ir ; for, I have fomcwhat of mine own in I'lngland; and, belides that, I have as much adven- ture in this vinagc as three of the beft whatli^cvcr; and, if it fo be, that I never come home, yet w ill her Majelly pay every man his wages, whom indeed you and 1 all came to i'crvc; and, for to fay you came to ferveme, I will not give \ on thanks; tor it is only her Majelly that you ferve; and this voyage is only her fitting tbrth: tbwillingall men to befriends, hc willed them to depart about their bulinefs. The KihofAu- gull, they weighed anchor and de[iarted ; but, the day before, became on board the Elizabeth, and fwore very vehemently, 1 know not upon what oecalion. that he would hang to the number of jo in the fleet that had de- ferved it: and then ,igain charged Worrall that his cafe was worle than Doughty's. an;l chat by CJod's wounds hc had deferved to be hanged. A"d, Matter Winter, faid he, where is your man UlylFe.s? Hy God's life, if he werem) man, I would cut oil' his ears: nay, by God's wounds, I won);' I; 'g him; but wherefore truly I clo not know ." Nothing can be a clearer proof that Drake had no Government tlommitfion than the above account. In his fpeech, which ihe writer fajs is nearly in his own Words, hc docs not lb much as pretend to have received any Commilfion, only a private intimation from the Queen and Waltingham, that hcf Majelly wanted to be revenged suJ^'*^'^- !S8 Sir FRANCIS DRAKIi's VOYAGES rcvciij^od of divers injuries rcccivcil from the King of Spain. But was coimtcnancing four or five piratical pluni.!i;rcrs to rob innocent people, a princely way for •MU- Sovereign to take revenge of another, in times of profound peace? It was, indeed, a pitiful connivance in Qiicen Klizabeth to engage locxj crowns in a piratical adventure of this kind, and that could never have been credited of that magnanimous Princefs, had flic not afterwards approved of his piracy, by going aboard his iliip, and openly approving what, it was even then faid, lead became a trading nation to encourage, the breach of treaties, ami piratical practices. But, it is remark- able, that me months elapfcd after his return to ling- land before her MajelU's plcafurcwaspublickly known; during which time men talked varioufly of ilic expe- {''tion, and the late of Drake fceineil to hang in fuf- nence: fo true proved Doughty 's prcdi(flion, that " the Qiicen's Vlaielh and Council might be corrupted." Th;" Drake bore no naval ConimilTion appears Hill more dearly, froiv. hisdifplacing the Captains and Offi- cers of all hi^ ll-ips without demanding from them their Commillions; from his lifting his men, not foranv hof- tilc expedition, bur for a trading voyage to Alexandria ; and fron! his allying them, before his letting fail from the Port of St. Julian to enter the South Seas, from whom they expected their wages. Prom thefe circum- llunces it follows inconteftibl} , that, if he had a naval Conimidion, he was the only Ollicer in the Heet pof- felled of one; — Doughty, whom he belieaded, and who, before their tailing out, was fee nd in command, bore no naval Commillion; and, it is more th.in propabie.that this gentleman'^ quellioning the Commillion of Drake was the real ;a':ie of his ileath, a« Drake more than once ch-rges him with the overthrow of the vosage, nhicii IK i-ouKl ni.otherttifc ertcCt than by difcrediting a Coiiiinifi'oii, on the authority of which both Ollicers and imn were to be perfuadud to plunder a people at peace with their nation, and without which every man was liable to be executed for pitary, w henever he Ihould In. over[iowered. It were needlefs for us to cnlr.rge our remarks ; every reader has now the fuhjecl before him, and every reader will form a judgment for himfclf. What we have faid, in confequencc of having traced this tranfaftion from beginning to end may feem to clalb with the opinion we previoully entertained of Drake's humanity, courage, and k'ndnefs to his fol- lowers, but will not feem ftrangc to thofe who arc ac- (luaiiued with the nature of j>«.:'odica! writings, where one part of the work is necelTarily printed oft" before the oiher IS written. In purfuing the courfe of this voy- age, new . "ihors have been confultcd, and new lights ( oikvted, Ahich have enabled us to dctcd not only the eirors of other writers, but alio to correct our own; and, fiom the fequel of this voyage, wc may .'nture to fore- tel, that the reader will concur in fentimcnt with us, that, though Drake was bold, he wasmt honeft; that, thoLigh he did not kill thofe he plundered a id had no motive tA)deUroy, he fpaiednone who oppoied his dc- ligns, or who did not pay implicit obedience to his ar- bitrary will; that, though he wa an able feaman, he was a jealous rival; and that, though he was a gallant leader, he was a moll tyiannical Commander. Wc fliall now acccmijiany him lo the .South .Seas, where the Spaniards, not fiifpecting an enemy, were in no con- dition to di tend themfeUcs.igainft his attacks. Drake having reduced the number of his flii|)s to three, they K It the port, and on /Xugull the 2Gth entered the Straits ol Magellan, in which they ftruggltd with contrary winds, and the various dangers which the in- iricacyol thai v Hiding pallagc ex p fed them to, till night, ^^ lien they had palled the lirll narrow, and had enTerid a wider lea, where they difcovercd an illand, to whiili tl.ev gave the I'.aiiie of Klizabeth, in honour of iheir foveieign. On the J4th they came to an illind, in which thev Ibund Inch an infinite number of birds, lince called pcnguias, that they killed looo of them in one ilay. i Ins bird, of which they tncn knew not the li.ime, they dclcnbc a« Ibiucttha; kfs than a wild ffiok, without feathers, and covered with a kind of down unable to tly or rife from the ground, but capable ol" running anil f^imming with amazing celerity. T; teeil on lillies in the fea, and come to land only to red in the day, and lay their epg.< which, according to later voyagers, they depolit in hr.i^s, as regularly dilpcrfd and as numerous as the cells in a beehive. From thefe illands to thcSouth Sea the ftrait becoincg very crooked and narrow; fo that fomctimes by the m. terpolition of head-lands the pallagc feems entirely (liut up. To daible thefe capes they found it very dillicult on account of the frequent variations to be made in the courfe. Here are, indeed, as Magellan obferves, many harbours; but in moll of them no bottom is to be found, \ hich, however, does not feem verified bv ex. periencc the harbours being in general good, thoiiirh the tides ai d blalls continually rufliing in from various directions create the danger. The land on both fidci rifes into innumerable mountains; the tops of them were encircled with clouds and vapours, which, being congealed, fall down in ("now, and increafe their height by hardening into ice; an obfervation which might iia. turally occur to Drake, whopalTed the ftrait in their winter before the fnows were diflblved. Ilowev r even nt that feafon, which anlwersty our February, they found the vallies, in fome places, green, fruitfuj, .ind pleafant. Anchoring in a bay near Cape I'orward, Drake, imagining the ftrait quite (luit up, went in hii boat to endeavoui to find fome other pafliige out; ami, having found an inlet towards the North, was relum- ing to his lliips; butcuriolit) liion prevailed ujx)n him to Hop tor the fake of obfeiving a canoe or lx)at with feveral natives ot the country in it. I le could not at a ditlance help adniiring the Ijnin of this little vdl'cl, which feeiiied inclining to ''iiii-circle, the ftern and prow ftanding up, and th '.. (inking inward; but mucii g;-.Ui.r was his wondt,, when, upon a nearer in- fpeciion, he found it made only with the barks (blcrvable in favage countries, how natural fagacity and unwearied induftry may fupply the want of fuch manufaclures or natural produiftions as appear to us abfolutcly ncceflaryfor the fiipportoflifc. Though the inhabitants were wholly ftrangers to iron and to the ufe wc make of it, yet, inftcad of it, they fubftituti-d the fliellof a mufcle, of prodigious fize, found upon their coafts. This they ground upon a ftone to an edge, which was fo finn and foliil, that neither wood nor ftone were able to relift it. With inftruments made of Ihells, thefe tiinple people were able to perform all their mechanic operations; nor do they feem fo deformed an J ugly us our late voyagers rcprcfent them, w ho being, perhaps, more refined than thofe who failed with Cap- tain Drake, might fancy a greater diflerence bctwem themfelvcs and thefe fnvages than in nature there really is. On this occafion we cannot forbear remarking, that, though Dnike entered the ftrait in what is accounted the moft unfavourable feafon, yet he palfed it in lixtccii days, though, at that time, wholly unknown; a piillage the more extraordinary, as none of our later voyagcrii made it in lefs than thirty-lix days in the middle of tiitii- iiicr, and Captain Wullis was at lead four months ir making it. Drake, as has been faid, having taken a fufvey of the country from Cape Porward, continued his courfe to the North-weft-ward, and, on the (ixth of September, en- tered the great South Sea, on which no Lnglilh vcllll had ever been navigated before; and propoud to have dircdrd his courfe towards the Line, tnathismen, who had fullered by the feverity of the climate, might rc- cgvqr their ftrcng;h in « warmer latitude. But hi» dc- 6ff\ 'Hiihi^ .• b,"C. capable of , celerity. 7. 'ilonlytorodin To the SOUTH SEA and ROUND the WORLD. 3^^; Foidiiii to later -■••t, 'u later 'C. •eftrnit becomes •''"^« by the in. ""IS entirely (Lut •'^'•'■ydilKcilt. ^ be made in, h,' "'''^•••vcs. ninny "torn is to bi , '"ificd bvcT K' R""'). thni,,,|,' ''" '"'ni various on both (Idei '"Ps "f ihcni ■afc their l,eig|^ ivhich might I;,. 'c nrait in their ■cjl. lioMevr I'cbruarv.ihcy ^/ruitfui, and t-Tc Ibrward, 'P. "cntinhii '^"KC out; and, tn, Mas rciiiin. "''■J Hfwihim 'c or Ixjatuith • could not at a •IS little M)if|_ '. the (lerii ,ind ifi inward J but >n a nearer in- barks of trecj, f" artilicially, "tc'i like thofc the land ihey with ('Kins, in utenlils, niade gthefc people . what is tre- < how natural >ply the want ions as appear '"life. Though ron and to the ■■>■ Tubflituted tc to an edge, ■r wood nor ■nt3 made of onii all iheir To lieforiiicd 1. "ho being, 1 "ilh Cap'- Kc bttuefn laturc there rking, that, aciounied t in livtecii ! a piillitgc •f *0)af;cfi die of/iiiii, months ir vey of the urfctothe ;nibcr, en. flifti vcflel 'd to have men, who night re- i( hij dc- Sfft (ign was fcarce formed, before it was fruftrated j for on September the fevcnth, after an eclipfe of the moon, a llorm arofe fo violent that it left them little hopes of furviving it: nor was its fury fo dreadful as its conti- nuance! for it laded, with little intermillioh, thirty- two days, in which time they were driven mote than 100 leagues out of their courfc, without being able either to avail thcmfclvcs of their fails, or make ufe of their anchors. In this llorm, on the 30th of September, the Mari- gold, Captain Thomas, was fcparatcd from them ; and on the 7th of Odober, having entered a harhour, where they hoped for fome intenniflion of their faricues, they were in a few hours forced out to fca ag?' 1 by a violent guft, at which time they loft light of the Eli- Tabcth, Captain Winter, whofe crew, as was afterwards difcovcred, wearied with labour, and difcouraged with the profpeft of future dangers, recovered the ftraits the day following, and returning by the fame paflage through which they came, failed along the coaft of Brazil, and, in the year following, arrived in England. TUcy were now driven Southward 55 degrees, where they difcovered a clurter of iflands, in one of which they anchored and ftaul two days, to the great rcfrefli- mcnt of the crew, having met with excellent water, and plenty of greens. Not far diftant from this bay they entered another, where they beheld fome naked inhabit- ants ranging along the coaft in their canoes in fearth of provilions. With thcfe they exchanged f/me toys for fuch refrcflimcnts as they had to fupply. And now, being furnillied with wood and water, they again fet fail, and were, by a new ftorm, driven to the latitude of 57 degrees, when they beheld the extremities of the American coaft, and the confluence of the At- lantic and Southern oceans. Here they arrived on the 18th of rKfloDcr, and at laft were blcft w ith the fight of a calm fca, having, for almoft two months, endured fuch a llorm, as no voyager has given an account of, and fuch as in that part of the world, though accuftonied tu hurricanes, the inhabitants were unacquainted with. On the 30ih of October, they fleered towards the place appointed for the rendezvous of the fleet, in cafe of (Ip.irat'Hi, which was in 30 degrees South; and, on the iK\t day, difcovered two iflands, fo well flocked with fowls, that tliey vic'luallcd their fliips with th^m. .\ftir this fupply, they failed northward, along the coaft <«■ IViu, till they came to 30 degrees, where, finding iici'her lliips, nor any convenient port, they came toan- i hoi November the 29th, at Mucho, an ifland inha- bited by fuch Indians as the cruelty of their Spanifli conquerors had driven from the continent, to w hom they applied for vater and provifions, oftcring them in return fuch things as they imagined moft likely to picafe ihcni. The Indians fecmed willing to traflic; and, having prefentcd them with fruits and two fat ftieep, Ihcwcd them a place \thcrc they might come for water. Next morning, according to agreement, the Englilh Itnded with their water- veHi:ls, and fent two men for- wanl towards the place appointed, who, about the mid- dle of the way, wercfuddcnly attacked bv the Indians and immediately flain. Nof were the reft of the com- pany out of danger i for behind the rocks was lodged anambulhof 500 men, who, ftarting up from their retreat, difcharged their arrows into the boat with fuch dexterity, that every one of the crew was wounded by them. The fca being then high, and hindering them from cither retiring or making ufe of their weapons, Drake himfcif received an arrow under his eye, which pierced him altnofl to the brain; and another in his brcart. The danger of thefe wounds was much in- crcafcd by theabfencc of their furgeon, who was in the liii^abeth, fo that they had none to alTift them bi4t a boy, whofcflgedid not admit of much experience or Ikill; yet fo much were they favoured by Providence, that they all recovered. No reafon could be afligncd for which the Indians fliould attack them with fo furi- ous a fpirit of malignity, but that they miftook them for Spaniards, whole cruelties might very rcafonabljr in- No. 47- I cite thofc to revenge, whom they had driven, by inccf- fantperfecution.fioin their country, wafting imiucnr" tradls of land by malfacre and devaftation. Nuno d-- Sylva adds, that none of the Indians were hurt by ihc Englifli, though they came fo near the boat, as to fcizc and carry oflF four bf the oais. On the afternoon of the fame day they fet fail, and on the 30th of November dropt anchor in Phillip's bay, where their boat, having been fent out to difcovcr the country, returned with an Indian in his canoe whom they had intercepted. He was of a graceful flaturc, drrft in d white coat or gown, reaching almoft to his knets; very mild, humble, and docile; fuch as perhaps were all the Indians, till the Spaniards taught thcin rb- vengc, treachery, and cruelty. This Indian, having been kindly treated, was difmiftbd with picfents ; and informed, as far as the Engiifti could make him undcr- ftand, what they chiefly wanted, and what they were willing to give in return; Drake ordered his boat to at- tend him, and fet him fafe on fliorc. When he was landed, he made ligns for the boat to wait till his return, and meeting fome of his country- men, gave them fuch an account of his reception, that, within a few hours, feveral of them repaired with him to the boat, with fowls, eggs, and a hog; and with them one of their captains, who willingly came into the boat, anddcflred to be conveyed by the Englifli to their (hip. Bythis manDrake was informed that nofupplics were to be expected here; but that Southward, in a place to which he offered to be his pilate, there was great plenty. This propofal was accepted, and on the jth of Dccchibcr, under the direction of the good-natured Indian, they came to anchor in the harbour called by the Spaniards Val Parizo, in 2'S deg. 40 min. S. lati- tude, near the little town of St. Jago, m here they met not only with fuftlcicnt ftores of provifions, and with ftorehoufes full of the wines of Chili, but with a ftiip called the Captain of Morial, richly laden, having, to- gether w ith large quantities of the fame wine, fome of the fine gold of Baldivia to the amount of threefcore thoufand pezoes, each pezo of the value of eight fliiU lings, and a gre.it crofs of gold fet with emeralds. The Spaniards at firft, miftaking the Engiifti for friends, invited them to fcaft with them; but loon being unde- ceived, oneof the crew jumped overboard, and alarmed the town; but the inhabitants, inftead of making oppo- fition, fled haftily, and left whatever was in the town a prize to the enemy. In the chapel Drake and his men found the moft valuable booty. Having fpent three days here in ftoring their fliips, and loading the money and etlccls, they departed, and landed their Indian pilot where they firft received him, after having rewarded him much above his expeda- tions or defires. They had now little other anxiety than for their friends, who had been fepaiatcd from them, and whom they now determined to feck. But conlidering that, by entering every creek and harbour with their ftiips, they expofed themfelves to unncccf- fary dangers, and that their boat could not contain fuch a number as might defend themfelves againft the Sp.i- niards, they determined to ftation their fliip at foinc place where they might commodioufly build a pinnace, which, being of light burden, might fafely fiiil w here the fnip would be in danger of being ftranded ; and, at the fame time,carry a fumcient force to rcfift the enemy, and afford better accommodation than it was poflibk to obtain in the boat. To this end, on the 19th of Dew cember, they entered a bay near Coquimbo, a town in- habited by the Spaniards, who, difcovcring them im- mediately, iifued out to the number of 1 co horfemcn, with about 200 naked Indians running by their fides. The Englifli, obferving their approach, retired to their boat without any lofs, except of one man, whom no perfuafions or intreaties could move to retire with the reft, and who was therefore overtaken by the Spaniards, who thought to have taken him prifoncr, but, having an halbcrt in his hand, he manfully defended himfelf, till, being overpowered by numbers, he was run through the 5 1' body *!l 390 SIR FRANC IS DRAKE'S VOYAGES body with a liincc. The Spaniards, cxultinc; at the viclory, oidercd the Indians to draw the dead carcsfe from the rock on whicli he till, and in the light of the linglilh beheaded it, and tlicn cut olT the right hand, and tore out the heart, which they carried away in triumph. Leaving this place, they foon found a harbour more ftcure and convenient, where they built their pinnace, in which Drake went to feek his companions; but, finding the wind contrary, he was obliged to return in two days. Vtom hence they came to a port called Sarcipaxa, ■tiherc, being landed, they found a Spaniard alleep with filver bars lying by hin^ to the value of 400oSpanilh ducats; notwirhlbnding the inful/s which they had received from his cuuiur>mcn, they did not think tit to diihnb this hannlcls man's rcpotc-, but, taking the lilver, let't him nuictis to lleepout his nap. Coalling aloni; the tl-.ore, they obferved a Spani'rd i driving eight lVni\ian Ihccp, which on landing li-.oy found to be iadtn witli lilver, each Iheep having loolb. weight in two ic.uher bags acrofs his hack, 'f hey de- livereil the poor animah of their heavy burdens, and lo.lged the bags in '.lu'ir own thips. I'arthcron l.iy t'onie Indian towns, from which the inhabitants repaiiid to the ihip on tioats madeofleal- fl'iin blown fiil! of wind, two of w hich they lallcued together, auvl, lining between them, row with vrvai fwittnefs, and cany tonliderable burdens. 'I'hev very readily tr.uled I'm glals ;ind fuch trillis, with wliiili the old and the \ (umg leetiu'd equally iltliirhteil. Arriving at Marmaren\ on the :6th of January, Drake invited the Sj-aniruJ.s to tratlic with him, wliieh they accepted; ami fupplied him with nei ellaiirs fil- ling to him, am )Mg cidier provitions, fome of ihole Ihcep which have been mc iitio.icd, whole hnik is eqisal to that of a cov\, and whole Ibingth is fuch, that one of them can carry tliree tall men upon his ba, k ; th.eir necks are like a camel's, and thur heads likethofeof our Iheep. They are the moll ufetui animals of this countre, not only allording excellent Ikcces and wholc- fonie tlelli, but fervuig as carriers over rocks and mountains, where no other heal! can travel ; tor their fiK)t is ot a parti( ular tonn whiih enables them to tread firm on the lUepell and niol\ llippcry pla' es. On ail this coall, it is faid, tl.e mountams are fo im- pregnated with fiber, that tVom one hmidred weight of common earth live (ninc( sol tine fil\ er ma\ be fep.irated. They continued their co'.:rfe towards the north, and on the 7th of lebruaiy arrived at Arica, in 8 de;.'. ;<0 min. S. latitude, and in ihis pjrt, found three fmall barks, in which tluv found 57 llabs of fiber, each of the tize an i tliape ofanopdinury brick, and weighing about :olh. 'i he\ took no prifoners ; tor the crews, fearing no interlopers, wire all on fboie carouting with one another. At this port the Spaniards were wont to land their mcr> linn. ii/.e, and toembaikthe liber, V hich was tranf[Kiru\l from thence to Panama; but, iince Drake's iiu urli.Mi, ihey carry their filver overland to Lima, and load no more treafure here, except what they pay for the pur. hale of fuch merchandize as is brought tiom Kinupe to bipply their market. Want- ing numbers to aflaiilt the town, they proceeded in' their courfe, and. falling in with a fmall coalling-vcllVI, laden with linen and other cloaths, Drake fupphcLl his creft' with what quantity of thofe articles they •flood in need of, and difmiti'ed the Spaniards with the remainder. l'r( 111 hence they faileil to Chuli ; ifi which port there was a llii,) tliat had joo.ooo pezoes of lilver in bars ; but the Sjjaniard; had fent an ex|)rels from Arica, to acquaint the governor that Drake was upon the coafV. This cxprel's arrived at Chuli, jiiH two hours before Drake eniered the jiort; in which time the mailer of 1 he fhij-) had thrown his treafure over- board, and had leciiitd himfiil' and crew on fliore, leaving only one Indian on boiud. U) make the report. Drake, tearing the alarm would Ij.read taller than he tould fail, loll no i.nie in luiardou^ fearchcs, but in- i llantly departed, and fleered for Lima, where they arrived on the 15th of February, and entered the har. hour without relillanee, in which, according to feme writers, there were thirty fail ot fhips; others fay^ twelve; but all agree, that feveral of them were of con. Ilder.d)le force: fb that Drake's fecurity coniilled not in hisllrength, but in his re[)iiiation, which had lij in- timidated the Spaniards, that the light of their ohh fuperiority could not roufe them to oppofitioii. In, llances of fuch panic terrors are to be met with in other relations ; but as they are, for the motl pan, quickly dillipated by rcafon and refolution, a wili: Com- mander will rarely ground his hopes of fuccefs on them; and, perhaps, on this occafion, the Spaniards liarcely det'erve a Ibverer cenfurc for their cowardice, than Drake tor his temerity. A writer of good autho- rity, to reconcile the matter, tells us, that Drake took thviu.it ii.iawares, and that the crews., as is ulii.il m t.mes ol lereCl fecurity, were with their t'anulies on lluire; and many ol' tliole who were ready to la;i, vic'.c takiiii.; leave of their friends, lie this as it inav, all leeir. to aj.'ice, that Drake made Ixre a coiifukr. able booty, having taken from t)ne Ihip a chell tull uf nail ol plate, which lie toimd loucealed un.ltr the lleer.i|>e, .uid, from other fhips, lilks and linen cloili t,» a conii.lcr.iblc \ajue. lie did not, howevir, rini.im long m this harbour, but h iliciied in purfuit ot the Cac;'.tiic!;o, which fhip hid I iikil bi.t tiiree days IhI.i.c, x.Xii which, they \\crc here mloniKd, was bound to I'.i.ta. In me puriuit, they tell in with another Ih.ip, OT. of which they took a large quantity ot gold, to- ; idler with a ciucili.x of the lame metal, r,v.hly adoiiuii una eiiieiahts. They Lontinuitl the [)iiifuit ; hiii, lu\- mg gamed intelligence, th.it mlUad ol I'aiia, the waj giiie to I'an.una, Dr.ike ciuikied all the lad he could, .ukI, to eiK outage the purliiers, promifed, tint wh(ie\cr lult ill lined the prize ihould have his gold chain as a reward ; whuh tell to the lot ot his hiotliei' John. On the 1 it ot March they came up w ilh her, and. alter e.\- ehanginga tew Ihot, they lM>ardeil her, and louiid iiDt only a qu.iiuity of jev els, and thirteen chellsol inumv, but eighty pounds weight of gold, and twenty-lix tons of unioiiied filver, with fervices of wrought plate to a great value. In unlading this pri/.e they Ipiiit ti\ d.\\i; and then dilmiliing the Spaniards, Hood olf again to tea. l.opez Va/, a .'spanilh writer, tells us, tiiat, in Ids tli.in .14 hours alter their departure from Lima in pni- luit ot the Cacaluego, news was brought that DraVe was upon the coall, l)ut tlut the governor had alreavly alleiiibled the tone of the country to oj)pole his land- ing ; and that, linding he had left the harbour, he or- dered three lliips with fix pieces of cannon (being all he louid collect), and 250 men, to purfiie liim : hut, the equipmenc of thele \etiels necelfarily requiring time, Diake had gained the ad\aiuage ot them; and, coming within figlit of the pri/.e oft Cape brancifd', the Captain ot wluih, Juan de .\nton, a IJiilayan, fil- ing at a diilance a Ihip i rouded with fail , and iniagm- iiig the \ueioyot I'etu had di("patih.cd her on tome melfage to iiiin, ihuck his fails, and lay to till, Drake approaching nearer, he difcosercd his miflake. I h; would thin have made his eft ape, but Drake Hear- ing hiiu tail with his great ordnance, agaiiill v\hKh the captain could make no defence, he was con- Itraincil to yield. " 1 here was in ihis Ihip, add< the Spaniard, eight hundred and lifty thouland pizoes ot fiber, and loity thoufiind pe/oes of gold, all which lilver and fold was lullomed: but what irealuie they h.id iiiu:iillomed, 1 know not; tor miny tiiiui ih<\ lairv almoll a\ much more as tliev pxy culhmi lor; (Hh.erui'e ihe king would t.ike it tiom them, it ihey Ihould be known to havi' ain great fiini; wheielorc every Ihip lariies a bill of cnllom, th.it the king niiv fee It. .'\ll the treafure which Dr.ike took w.is ni.r- chants and other men.? goods, laving 1 80,000 pezoes ot the king's. He had alfjoui of this Ihip good Itoie of Miilii.ds, with other niceliaries, which were to he carried fioiu I'anam.i, and was live days in taking ouc fuel; things a< he needed. " Tiiii * fe- '^^'V-ii***' To the SOUTH SEA and ROUND tlic WORLD. 39' " This done, lie failed to the coall of New Spain, without going to Panama. The (hips that were fcnt bv the Viceroy of Peru from Lima/arrived off Cape St. l-'rancifco 20 days after Drake had taken the Cacafucj^o, and had intelligence by a ihip coming from Panama, which they met at the faid cape, that I'rancis Drake had taken the fhip with (ilvcr, and was not gone for Panama; whereupon thecommanderofthe three (hips, thinking that Captain Drake had been gone for the Straits of Magellan, direded his coiirfe that .vay to fcek him." Thus Drake, changing his courfe to the weft, efciprd his enemies, and fell in with a fhip from the b'.aft Indies laden with filks, China wire, and cott'^n. The owner, a Spaniard, was on board, who picRntid Drake with a falcon wrought in malfy gold, with an emerald, fit in the breaft of it, the largell he had ever beheld. With this prefent, and a golden ciip trom the pilot, Duke was contented, and ililinilfed the (liip, taking onlv lour chcfis of China ware, which at that time was otgrcat value in Europe. On the 13th of March they ramc in fight of land, which happened to be a linall ifland aboiir two leagues Ironi the main rontiiicnt. There they found a harbour, iiiul anchored in five fathom water, where they (laid till the ;oth, on which day, a little toalling Irigatc palfiiig by, was purfued by the pinnace, boarded, and taken. IJeing laden with (afaparilla, honey, butter, .iiiiiothertountry poods, Drake unloaded the fafiparilla, .iiid in the riHim of it put the i^old and lilver from h s own Ihip, in order to heave her up, to new caulk her lidos, anil Itop her leaks ; in which fer\ ice the crew were employed till the 26th of the fame moiuh, when having reloaded the cargo, at\^ tak-n in a ludic ient ipiantity of wcH)d atul water, they continued their uuirle wcllward along the coalV, taking the .Si>anilli Irigate with them to bear them company. On April f>, a little before fun-let, they difcovereil a Ihip, that held on her courfe about two leagues to I'e.iu.ud from the main land. 'I"o this llii|) they gave thace, and before morning they neared her, and fud dfnly boarded her while the men llcpt. Heing mailers of this pi i/e without afiHance, they oiiKred the pri- fmcrs on board their own fliip, among whom was one Don I'rancifco Xarate, who meant to fail 10 I'an.mia, and froui thence to China, with the letters and patents that were found in his poirellion famong which were the le.ters of the king of Spain to the governor of the Philippine'*); as alio the lea charts wherewith thev were to he direoh'd in their vov.ige, which were of admirable ul" to Drake in his return liome. From this (hip they took great (luantities of bile goods, aiui (ir'ur v ill able men handi/e, and then dil'nuired her. Thev alio took a young negioe girl, w'uom Drake or finie of his conifianioi.s hiving got with child, they alterwards inhumanly let her on ihore on an illaiid m their way home, jull as (he was ready ti> lie in; of whiih notice will be taken m its proper phu e. Having retained a Spanilli pilot from t!iis fliip, they obliged him to direct them to a fafe harbour, where they might fiippl) ihemfelves with provilions for their intended voyage. I his man brought them to the harlxnir of AniMiatuIco, or, as others write, (Iiiatalio, where ar- ritiiijron the i (th of April, thev (laid till the 2()th c\ the fame month, and then let fad.havin-' fiiU difinillcd all their Spainlh prifoners, tojuther w itii Niinu ila S) U a, the Poitu;;ue7e pilot, whom they broiii'lit from the {'anaries, and who had ferved them faithfully in all their trials an 1 dangers; in reward ("or which he w;u now alundoncd by Drake to the mercy of the enemy. Thii mill, when he landed on the continent, was full carried to Mexico, and there put to the torture to make difcoverics. He was afterwards lent prifoner into Old Spain, and there examined ; and, having giscn a faith- fcl relatmn i;f all he knew, was releafed, aiul returned home to hi> owni country, where he ]vrulinied, as has slreadv been faid, an acaiuni of the vouige as llir as he went, which was aftcrwaiils tr.inll.itcd into all the European lan^^uages, and umvcrfally read. On their arrival at Anguatulco, they had no fooncr landed than Drake with part of his men marnhed up to the town, where they found the chief magilhatc litting in judgment upon a parcel of poor favagcs, and ready to pafs feiitencc of death upon almoll all of them, they being charged with a confpiracy to kill their maf- ters, and fet (ire to the town. Drake changed the Sene, and made judges and criminals without dif- tiiK'lion, his prifoners, conduifiing them all in proced (ion ro his fliip. Here he made the judge write an order to the ( ommandiiig officer to deliver up the town, ill which iliey timnd a great pot, fays our author, as big as a buliiel, full of rials of plate, a gold chain, and a few jewels. The gold chain was taken from a gentleman who was making his efcape from the town, but was intercepred by an F.nglilli failor, who rifled him of all the valuables he had about him, of which the gold chain was thought to be of the leal! value. Being now fuCfiiiently enriched, and having given overall hopes of finding their alfociates, and, perhaps, be^'inning to be infee'lcd w ith that delire of eafc and pleal'ure which is the natural confei]iieiice of we'Jth obtained by fucccfsful villainy, or, what is flill nv.rc |)robablc, being in fear of a fiirpri/.e before they h.'.d leciircil their booty, they began to confult about their return home; and, in purfuance of Drake's advice, relolv ed liill to find out fome convenient harbour where thev ini;;!.t more fntely lie and cjiiij) themfeKcs for tlie \o;, ,i;;\', and then endeavour todifcovera nearer paliiigc fn>iii the South Se;is into the Atlantic ("),ean; a palfagc tint would not onlv enable them to return home wiili lull lecurit)-, and in a Ihorler time, but would much fa- cilitate the luvipation into thole parts, and ot courfe imniortali/e their names. for this purpofe thev had recourfe to a port in the illand ol Canes, where they met with lilh, wood, and livlli water ; and, being fuliii ientiv lloreil with other (iro'.ilioni, with which they had fupplied themfelves troiii their prizes and at Anguatulco, they fet fail lirlt with a reliihition of feeking a palfage by the north-weft, and if that failed, by the Moluccas, and thence, follow- ing the coiirle of the Portiigue/.e, to return by the Cape ot (iood I lope. In inirlu.iiiceof the (irft refihition, the\ failed about 600 Ic-iifiK!, till ( oniiiig into the latitude of 4 j deg. north, thev l()und the air foexceliive cold, that the men KMild no lo;iL;cr bear tu handle the ropes to navigate the (hip : they, therelore, cli.inged their courfe till they came into the hitit-ude of jS deg. and jo min. under which height they difco\ereda very good harboi'r, and, liirtun.itely. Lad a fa\ ourable wind to enable them to enter it. Here, on thei-th of June, they caft anchor, ancJ, in a lliort time, had opportunities of oblerving that the natives ot that country were not lefs lenlil)le than them- felves •, tor, the next da\-, there came a man rowing in his canoe towards the Ihip, and, at a elilhince from it, made a long oration witii very extraordinary gefticu- lations, and great appearance of vehemence ; and, a little time aiicrwards, mavlea fecoiid vilir in the fame manner; and then returning!; a third time, he prcfentcd them, alter his harangue was linillied, with a kind of crown of black feathers, fiich as their kings wear upon their he.iil ,, ,i:ul a balket of rullies filled w ith a particil- l.ir herb, both which he fillened to a lliort ftick, and threw into the boat; nor eoiild he be prev.iiled upon to receive any thing 111 return, though pullied towards him u()on a bo.iiil, only he took up a hat that was Hung in the wa'.er. Three davs afterwards, the Ihiji, having received lome daiii.igeat I'm, was biought nearer to land, that her lading mipjit be taken out; in order to which, the ICnglilb, who hid now learned not to commit their lives too iu"|.'digciuly to the mercy of fivage nations, railed a kind of loitilit-.ition with earth and paliliides, and erecteil their tents within it. All this was not beheld hy the inhaliiia.nis without the utmoll aftonilh- luent, which incited them to come elown in crowd; ro the coall, w ith no other view, as it afterwards appeared, but to compliment the beauiiliil llrangers that had tondtfceiided to touch upon tbcit country. Drake, I ;i 'ilk ti 392 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES DraHe, neither con-fidrng too much in ^pcaranccs, nor wholly iliftrufting the friendly difpofition of the inhabitants, dircded them to ^ay alide their bows and arrows, and, on their approach, prefented them with linen and other iKccflaries, of which he (hewed them the ufe. They then returned to their habitations, about three quarters of a mile from the En}j;lifli camp, where they made fuch loud and violent noiles, that they were heard by ihc Englilh, who had vanity enough to believe that they were paying them a kind of melancholy ado- ration. Two days afterwards, they perceived the approach of a far more numerous company, who Oopt at the top of a hill which ovcr-lookea the Englilh fettlement, w hilc one of them made a long oration, at the end of which all the aflcmbly bowed their bodies, and pro- nounced the fyllable Oh with a folemn tone, as by way of confirmation of what had been faid by the orator. Then the men laying down their bows, and leaving their women and children on the top of the hill, came down towards the tents, and feemed tranfported in the higheft degree at the kindncfs of Drake, who received their gifts, and admitted them to his prcfcncc. The women at a diftance appeared feized with a kind of phrenzy, fuch as that of old among the Pagans in fomc of their religious ceremonies, and, in honour as it feemed of their guefts, tore their cheeks and bofoms with their nails, and threw themfelvcs upo charged ;w they Smdm mttifl lyJUttTBejtf af lluJiu^julnHirMiU'mltnuitMrMtw. .,;i..4iv%> I harged a fli lult Drake p ing his grca ,crc To tern hidthcmfcl> Here wc ( fcriptionag vigators, of at\t5 of the pics. Dra** ■t!,,.»jf.ii. The poor girl, not yet fifteen, was ready to be de- livered of an innocent babe ; and the youth, not twenty, was the only refource in the midftof her diftrefs. What befcl them cannot be known; but Providence feemed to punifli the perfidy of the crew by a feverc trial of their fortitude loon after. Having a wind not very favourable, they happened to be intangled among a, multitude of illands, interfperfed S ° witlj )i,.lJ»M .^9+ Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGE with (langi'ious fhallows. till January the 9th, 1580. When thry thought themfJvcs clcnr, and were failing along with a brifk gale, they were, at the beginning of the night, fuililcnly furprizcd in their courfc by a fud- dcn fhock, thccaufe ot which was inftantly difcovcrcd, for they were thrown upon a concealed rock, and, by the fpc-cd of their courfe, fixed too fart for any hope of cfi'aping. Here the intrepidity of Drake was (hakcn, and his dexterity baffled: here all the horrors of mind, attend- ant on confcious guilt, concurred to aggravate the dif- trefs of thofe who were inftruniental in abandoning the harnik-rs flaves. Thofe who were innocent reproadhcd the guilty with being the authors of their prcfent difr trefs; and, among the reft, Mr. Fletcher, the chapUin, exclaimed againlf the Captain, as one whofe crimes of nuii'der and luft had brought down divine vengeance on all the coinpany. Drake, who knew well how to dif- femblc his rcfcntmcnt, judging this an improper time to encourage difputes, endeavoured, by every means in his ix)wcr. to appcafe the increaiing animofity. To prclerve, therefore, the minds of the company at reft, lie found it nccelfary to keep their hands employed, and, for thatpurpofe, ordered the pumps to be conftantly ]ilicil. Convinced by this experiment that the water did not gain upon them in the hold, he conceived hopes, that, by lightening the fliip, they might polllbly be able fo hrj\e her olf. He knew it would be in vairi to per- fuailc them to part with their treafure, and, therefore, he Orl> caufcd the guns to be thrown overboard, and then the fpires; and, afterwards, the water cafks to bi. bulf;ed, being in hopes, that, if they could be rcleafed, water might again befupplicd from the neighbouring illamis, fome of which were at no great diflance. His next attempt was to clifcover about the fliallows fome place where they mis^ht fix an anchor, in order to bring their fliip to, and, by that means, clear her from, the rock : bur, "])on examination, it was found that the rock '.r.\ ulii'.h ilicy had ftruck, rofe, as many others in ihnfc- fcasilo, aliiiof\ perpendicular, and that there was no anchorage, nor an\ bottom to be fathomed a boat's length from the (liip. But this difcovcry was by Drake wikly coiitcalid from the common failors, left they Ihould abandon thcmlllvcs to defpair, for which there was, indcoii, much caufe, there being no profpcd left, but that tlu-y inull there link along with the (hip. In this deplorable lituation they had remained for four and twenty hours wlun Drake, fintling all human ef- forts vain, adtlrcircd himfclf to his companions in dif- ircfs, and exhorted them to lay alide all animofitics, and prci')are thcmfthTs, by forgiving each other, for ob- taining that \iK-rcy through ChrilV, which they could not hope to receive on any other terms. • " On this oc- calion," fays our author, " every thief reconciled himfclf U) hii tlllow-thief, and Fletcher adminiftered thefacra- ment to thcin all." At length, when their hopes had loiiakcn them, and no new ftruggles could be made, they were, on a fuddcn, relieved by the wind's Ihifting, inS a frcfh breeze fpringing up. which taking the fhip on the leeward quarter, flic reeled off the rock, without rciciving any very dangerous hurt, to the unfpeakablc jfiy of ever}' foul on board. Ihis was the greir tilt prim ipks upon which it was ac- (luircd. The Ibrmer allcdgcd, that this ciitcrprizc was not only honourable to the Commander whoconduiJIcd, and the crew who allittcd in the performance of It, but to their country; that it would cilablith our reputation foriTiaritimc (kill in foreign nations, and raife a laUdublc fpirit of emulation at home; and that, as to the money, our merchants having fuffcred deeply by the treachery Kod villainy of the Spaniards in the new difcovcred country, there was nothing more jull than that the na- tion (hould receive an equivalent bv the rtprifaU which Drake and his company, at the hazard of their lives, had bravely ext,ortccf. The other party argued, that Drake, in h&, was no bettcrthan a pirate; that, of all others, it lead became a trading nation tocountcnanie (uch depredations; that the expedition was not only a breach of all our treaties with Spain, but likewifc of our old leagues with the Hoiiff of Burgundy; and that the confcquences would infallibly involve the Queen in a war, by which the na- tion would furtcr infinitely more than the riches acquired by a fingle fliip could counterbalance. Thefc were the fentimcnts, and thefc the fpecula- tions with which the dift'erent parties amufcd then>- felvcs for fome time after the arrival of Drake in his na- tive country. At length, the approbation of the Queen determined the difpute; for all acquiefced in the wif- domof their Sovereign. Lopez Vaz, a Spanifh writer, fays, that Drake car- ried from the coaft of Peru, 866,000 pczocs of filver, rqual to 866 quintals, equal to 100 pound weight each quintal, amounting to 1,1 39, 200 ducats. He alfo car- ried away 1 00,000 pezoes of gold, equal to 10 quintals, qch quintal valued at 1500 Spanidi ducats; a 'd al( this over and above the treafure in the (hip, which was nor entered, conliftinf; of gold, (ilver, pearls, precious dues, coined money, and other things of great value. He alio i iflcd the (hips from the Philippines, laden with ibices, filks, velvets, and other rich merchandize, the value not known. — By the above account, the (ilver only, at ;s. per to. amounts to 25(;,8ool. and the gold to 48,000!. iK-rling. But we have fcen a manufcript that makes the value of the whole cargo brought home bylhc(ii>Idtn Hind (for that was the name that Drake chofc his (Tiip, the Tclican, (hould be known by) amount toSoo.oool. though that which w.is divided among the crew -Aas only So.oool. Is it not rcafonable then to con- clude, that the (jucen and Council had a conlidcrablc (hare of the remainder? On the 4th of April, 1581, her Majefly went to Dcptford, and dined on board the (hip in which fo many Kings had been entertained before; and. after dinner, (hr conferred the honour of knighthood on her Commander; an honour not to be obtained in thofc days on trivial occafions, but as a reward for fipnal fcr- viccs. This mark of diftinOlion was a full declaration of her Majefty's approbation, (ilenced Drake's ene- mies, and gave joy to his friends. She likewifc gave di- reiflions for the pref«rvation of the (hip, that it might Kmnin a monument of his Own and his country's glory. What contributed the more to render the tame of Drake illurtrious, was the frequent attempts that had been made by navigators, the moll renowned in their time, to atchievc the fame; but without fucccfs. In 1527 the Spaniards fentGracca dc Lx)aifa, a Knight of Malta, with a fquadron of (even (hips to follow the rout of Magellan, who, though his (liip returned to Spain, yet he himfclf lolV his life, before he arrived at the Ma- laccas, thcpromifed iflands. Loaifa paffed the limits, indeed, loll fome of his (hips in the South Seas, others put into the ports of New Spain, and'only his own vellll and one more reached the Eaft Indies, where himlelf and all his people pcri(hed. In i526,theCJcnocfc ferittfro (hip*ippafs the flraits, of which one was caft away, and the other returned home without elfe£ling any thing. Seballian Cabot, in the fervice of the crown of Por- tugal, made the like trial; but, not being able to (inJ the ltraits,.j-cturncd into the river of Plate. Ameritus Vclpulius, a Mortntine, lioni whom tl e new world received its name, undertook to pcrfcrm, 1I the fervice of the crosvnof Portugal, what Cabot I., id promiftd without efled ; but that vain man was llill more unlortunatc : for he could .'cither find the llruits, nor the river of Plate. Some years a' erthis, the Spaniards equipped a (lout fquadion, under the tonimand of Simon de Alcafarai but, before they reached the height of the lliaits, the cre\Vs mutinied, and obliged their Commander to re* turn. Such repeated mifcarrLiges difcouragcd even the ablcfl and noldeft fcamcn; (o that from this time both Spaniards and others dropped all thoughts of emulating Magellan, till Drake conceiving his dcllgn, as has al- ready been faid, concealed it in his brcail till ripe for execution. Iking now advanced to einincnce, in 1585 he was employed in the C^een's fefvice, and fent on an expe- dition to the Wed Indies as Commander in Chief; and having under him Captain Martin Forbiflier, Captain Knollys, and other experienced Olllccrs of the royal navy, he took St. Jago, St. Domingo, Carthagcna, and St. Augullin. He returned elated with his fuccefs; but, as our author fays, not much enriched by thir plunder. In 1587, he was again employed in an expedition to Li(bon, in which Captain I 'orbi flier alfo bore a parr. Here they gained intelligence that a conliderable llect was aH'cmbird in the bay of Cadiz, with a view to the forming an armantent for the invaiion of England ; he immediately repaired to their place of rendezvous, and fell upon them at unawares; and, as it is faid, burnt 10,000 tonsof (hipping, with all the (lores which they were amading for the intended invaiion. In their return they fell in with a carrack from the Eall Indies, richly Laden, of which they likewifc got in- telligence in the port of Lilian. 'I'his was the St. Philip, of which Linfchoten gives the (b!lo«ing ac- count, when this Dutchman was at Goa, the chief fet- tlementof the Portuguefc in the Kill Indies: "There came in, he fays, from the ifland of Japan, certain Jc- fuits, and with them three Princes, being the children of fo many Kings of that country, wholly apparelled like Jefuits, not one of them above the age of 1 5 ycar.% being minded by the perfua(ion of the Jefuits to vi(it Portinj-;alI, and from thence to go to Rome to fee the Pope, thereby to procure great profit, privileges, and li- berties for the millionaries in that ifland. "In 1584, they (et fail for Portingallo, and from thence travelled into Spain, where, by the King and all the Spanifli nobility, they were with honour received, and prefented with many gifts, which the Jefuits kept for themfelvci. • " Out of Spain, they rode to fee the Pope ; that done, they travelled throughout Italy, w here they were much honoured, and prefented with many rich prefcnts, by means of the great report the Jefuits made of them. •' To conclude, they returned to Madrid, where with great honour they took their leave of the King, who fur- ni(hed them with letters of recommendation to the Viceroy, and all the Portingall Governors of India; fo they went to lalbon, and there took fliipping in 1586, and came to Goa in the (liip called St. Philip, which Ihip. ill her return to Portingall, was taken by Captain Drake, being the firft that was taken coming from the Fjft Indies; which the Portuguefc took for an evil (ign, becaufc the fliip bore the King's own name ;" both Spain and Portugal being at that time governed by the (amc Sovereign. " When the Princes and Jefuits of Japan arrived at Goa on their return from Huiopc, they were received, adds Linfchoien, with great rejoicings; for it was verily thought ihcy had all been dead. On their landingthcy were all three apparelled in cloth of gold and (ilver after the Italian manner, being the fame the Italian noblemen and gentlemen had given them. They came to Goa very lively and in high fpirits; and the Jefuits were not a little proud, that through their means the voyage had bcer\ 396 SiA FRANCIS DRAKE'! VOYAGES been lUcccfsfully ()crformed. In Goa they (laid till the monfoon or time of the wind's fettine in to fail for China, and thence to Japan, where, with great triumph and wondering of all the people, they were received and Welcomed home, to the great furtherance of the Jc- fuits." The St. Philip, in her voyage toGoa, had been driven by ftrcfs of weather into Mafambique, where flie met with the St. Laurence, homeward bound, that had like- wife been driven into the fame port difabled, havmg lort her mads, and received other confldcrable damage, by which (he was rendered unferviceablc. The St. Philip, therefore, as fuon as flic had landed her palTcn- gers at Goa, returned to Mafambique, and took in the lading of the St. Laurence, which enabled her to make her voyage to F.uropc about the ufual timci a circum- ftancc fortunate for Drake, as it incrcafcd both his fame and his fortune. In 1588, Drake was appointed Vice-Admiral, under Charles Lord Eflingham Howard, High-Admiral of England, to oppofe the formidable armada that had for three years before been fecretly preparing in Spain for the invalion of England. In Drake's Tetter to Lord Treafurer Burleigh, acquainting him with the approach of the Spaniards, he concludes with this elegant com- pliment to his fupcrior: " That, though the itrength of the enemy out-wcnt report, yet the chearfulnefs and courage which the lx)rd Admiral expreflcd gave all who had the honour to fervc under him afliirante of vic- tory ;" a compliment which was the more admired in Drake, as in a former letter to the fame Miniller in w hich he tells him of his gallant atchicvement in the port of Cadiz, " Not rcfting, faid he, at Lilbon, we failed fo clofc to the Spaniflj King, that we lingcd his beard;" a coarfe metaphor, it mu(l be owned, but ftrongly charaiflcriftic. Drake's gootl fortune ft ill accompanied him; for in the engagement which afterwards happened on the ar- rival of the arm.ida, though he committed the greatefl error that ever Commander was guilty of, by purfuing Tome hulks belongii\g to the Hans Towns for plunder, when he w-is entruftcd to carry lights in the night for thedire\ilionof the Englilh fleet, he milled the Admiral; yet he was the only Commander who profitcJ moft by thedcftrudionof the enemy. Lord Howard, fuppof- ing the lights of the Spanilh Admiral to be the tights which Drake was ordered tocarry, was entangled in the very centre of the Spanifh fleet, before he found his millakc; but, fortunately, night favouring his isfcape, he difcngagcd himfelf before he was difcovcred. This blunder was afterwards efl'accd by the gallant behavi- our of Drake, than whom no man was ever bolder, or more dctemiincd. We do not, however, find his name among the Commanders whom the Lord High Admi- ral thought proper to thank for their fervices on that oc- cation. On the 2d of July, fays Strype, Sir Francis, obferving a large Spanifli galleon, commanded by Don Pedro de Valdez, w ho was the reputed projcdor of the invadon, floating at a diftance from both fleets, fent his pinnace to fummon the Captain to furrcnder, who at firft vauntingly fet him at defiance ; but being told it was Drake that required him to yield, he immediately ftruck his colours, and, with 46 of his crew, came on board the conqueror. In this (hip he found 5o,cxx3 du- cats, with other efleds to a much greater amount. The next year he was appointed Admiral of a fqua- dron fent to place Don Antonio on the throne of Por- tugal, to which that Prince pretended to have a right. " But, fays Kapin, (whofe account of this expedition we (hall follow) as the Queen was extremely frugal, and an undertaking againft Spain could not but be very cx- pcnlive, (he fo ordered it, that Drake and Norris took upon them to be at the charge, in hopes of making themfelves amends by the booty they (hould meet with. So ftic only found them fix (hips of war, with a prefent of 6o,cxx>l. with leave to raife foldiers and failors for the expedition. Drake had already tried the Spaniards in America and in the Channel, and was convinced they were more formidable in common opinion than in 3 reality 1 wherefore, joining with Sir John Norris, and fome other private perfons, thev equipped a fleet) »nd embarked 11,000 foldiers and 1500 marines. The Hollanders having alfo added fome (hipi, the fleet coit' lifted, according to Stow, of 146 fail, tranfports and vidluallers included. Drake commanded at fca, and Norris was General of the land forces. They took with them Don Antonio, who hoped, by the afliftance of the Englilh to be put in poireflion of hit kingdom where he pretended to have many friends. ' " They failed from Plymouth on the i8th of April and foon after arrived at the Groyne, where landing their troops, they aflaulted the lower town, and carried it by ftorm. Then they befiegcd the upper town. But Norris, having advice that the CondeJi Andrada wai approaching with a body of troops to relieve the place fiicldenly raifed the ficge to march againft him ; and' overtaking him. Hew 3000 of his men. This done he burnt fcveral villages; and, without returning to the liege, re-embarked his troops, their princi[)al dciicn being acSinft Portugal. " VVhilrt they were failing towards the coafts of that kingdom, they were joined by the Earl of EiTex, with fome ftiips he had armed at his own charge, unknown to the f^ecn. Some days after, they arrived at I'ani- cha, a little town in Portugal, and, taking it, rellorcdit to l>on Antonio; from thence Norris marched by land to Lidion, Drake proniifing to follow with the tkrt up the Tagus. Th'- army marched 40 miles without op- poliiion ; and encamping before Lill)on, took the fu- burbs of St. Catharine: but, as Drake performed not his promife, and the army wanted cannon and amniu- nition, it was relolvcd in a council of war to retire. This refolution was taken, becaufe there was no an. ixrarance that the Portugiicfe were inclined to revolt, ai Don Antonio had expeclcd; and alfo, becaufe thcrs uas no news of the fuccours he had boafted of front the Kin- .(" Morocco. The army marching towatdi the nil of the Tagus, met Drake, who had taUti the town of Cafcacs, and excufed himfelf upon the impollibility of pcrfomung his promife. Some days after, the caftic of Cafcaes furrendering, it was blcmn up ; and, to make themfelves amends (or the charges of the expedition, the Englifti feitcH fixty vclllls laden with com, and all manner of naval ftores to equip a new fleet againft England, bclongingto the Hans Towns. Then they went and took Vigo, which was ahandoncd bjr the inhabitanu ; and, firing the town, returned to England. This expedition did fome damage to the King of Spain, but was of no benefit to Elizabeth; and the booty was not fuflicient to pay for equipping the fleet, though Camden fays, they brought home 1 50 pieces of heavy cannon, and a great booty. Above (ix thoufand men perifticd in this expedition by iick« nefs. The writers of Drake's life fay, that Norris gricv* oufly reproached Drake with breach of his promife, and charged the mifcarriage of the expedition to his timidity. Indeed, Drake's good genius fecms now to have forfaken him; and happy, fay the fame wri- ters, if, having received this firft check at play, he had withdrawn his ftake. As the war with Spain continued, Hawkins and Drake, who, as it (houkl feem, wanted to continue their old game, where the profits were more, and the danger le(s, united their intcreft to perfuade the Qucon and Council to undertake an etfctltual expedition tu the Weft Indies, by which the nation might be enriched, and the enemy deprived of thofe refources by which they were enabled to carry on the war. For this purpofc they procured, according to Rapin, twenty-fix of the Queen's fliips, the equipment of which, like the former, (i;cmsto have been fupplied by private adventuR"; a practice at that time very com- mon, where plunder was to be the reward. Tnc pre- parations for this expedition, however, as it ftr exceeded all forincr cnterpiizcs to the American Indies, could not he made fo privately, or conduced fo fecretly, but that the Spaniards found means to difcover both its (Irength To the SOUTH SEA and ROUND the WORLD. ;'97 flrtngch and dedination, and prepared themfclves ac- cordingly. As the places that were to he attacked lay at a great iliftance, it was nccclfary togaintime, in ord pliindei ; snd the charges of fining ihcm out wne cliieliv borne by thofewho were to be iharers in the ot>oty: yer, llirely, th«rc is a n»ate- rial difference between the glory that ii purchaftd by valour in the field, and fame that is acquired by coin- pads to furpri/c the innocent, and invaue the property of the peaceable. Having now fccn Drake in two d.'inift points of view, as a leader of a company of plunderers, and as a Conunander in the royal navy, let us do jullice to hij character by viewing him as a mariner, and in that light he will hardly have his equal. To projed a voy- age round the globe, and to conduitt it wittic^ ► the alTirt- aiiccof a (ingle mariner on board who hadevci rofTcd the Line, Nuno da Silva, the Portugucfc' pilot, t» cepted, was, perhaps, one of the boldefl exploits that ever man performed. His navigating his fliips along the coaft of Brazil; his carrying them through the l>raits of Magellan in a ftiorter time than any iiiariiur has ever ilone (incei his keeping the fea in a llorm loi thirtydays together; his (kill in navigating thecoalU of Chill, I'eru, and New Spain, where no L'.ngli(h fliip hail ever fniled; his accuracy in difcovering the track ot the Spanifh Ihip from the K.aft Indies, and his confumm.ite lagacity in purluing a new courfe home lo avoid piirfuers ; ( annoi lie enoughadmiredor applaudal, I li; knowleilge of the globe is manifeft from the lirll attempt he made to return home by a northerr. naniij;c; a palliigewhielvhc knew would not only fecure hini fn)iu the danger ol' puriuers, but, were it pradicable, would opdi a tiee iiitticouife between his nation ami the rlth inhaluants of that opulent counti) iri which he was tlun liruated. I'inding himfell, however, dilappomtcd in this (ietign, how great was his fagacity in the dif(o- v( ly of .m unknown country, wherein to repair his Ihip, Ktu 111 his tiillowers, take in wood and water, and to liippi) himfclf with every necell'ary for the vail voyage by fea he was to encounter; and yet, fuc^ was his know- ledge m making provilion againfl e\try lontinncncy that might happen, that he loll but one man by lick- ncfs during the long run from the coall of New Spain tothe Lidrones, in which Commodore .Anfon loll nc«r half his crew. Nor is his (kill lefs to be admired in his return from the Lulrones, the mofi dangerous naviga. tion of any part of the known world ; for, except the accident upon the rock, as has already been related, he faileil from the l.adrones to Java uncmbarrafTed; from Java to Sierra Ixona, on the coatt of Africa, without touching at any jiort, or encountering any dilViculty, fa\e from a fcarcity of water; a thing hardly to be crcditcil, and which was never perlbrmed by any mariner before hii time, or tincc. ' . ,• V, ' ^.-l- 4,- ANfiW V \ ■ft'*. %.y<. k -til m .}k:.i^j^^' ■"t^ ■^ A c Thi ?v t Sal The Being WritK the various Frc hnA comprc anil Whiih Voya with the V the Prartic America; A genuine ai the Coaft I lives of a Clerke, w Gore tool Difcovcr; Original fplendid ( Keprefcn by the m^ of thcSh I boundanci divifions, pcarance, importanc numerous w '■% .«*? fan A NEW, AUTHENTIC, and COMPLETE HISTORY of r ., CAPTAIN C O O K's Third and Laft VOYAGE TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN: Undertaken, Purfuant to his MAJESTY'S Order, Pv the raid C A p T. JAMES COO K, HAVING UNDER HIS COMMANT Samuel Gierke, John Goic, and James King, Efquires; ••''•■ In his Britannic MAJESTY 's Ships, The RESOLUTION and DISCOVERY: Being Written in a more pleafing and elegant Stile than any other Work of the Kind; and including all the various important Dilcoveries, Fads, Incidents, and Circumllances, related in a fatisf adory Manner. CONTAINING From the 12th of July 1776, to the 4th of Odober 1780, Incluflve, A Period of four Years and nearly three Months : And comprehending a great Variety of interefting Particulars, entirely unnoticed in other Narratives, and which confequently renders all other Works of this Kind Ipurious and incoinpleti. Which Voyage was the I .aft; undcrtheDirc.-lionoF that able and much to he lamented Navigator, Ca()Uiin C.'.v>t-, with the View of making new Difcovcrics in the Northern Hcinifplifrc; an>l, p:irticuh\rly, in otdor to afc^-. lU' the Prarticability of a North-Weft Paflagc from Europe to the liaft Indies, between tin; Contineucs of Au». ..ai America; and the Pofition, Extent, and Oiftance of which, lie was likewife to detcrnunc, T o c, F, r n F. R \v I !• u A genuine and copious Account of the Death of the Captains Cook, and Gierke: — Ciptam Con'- -...vitv, croJori'i- the Coaft of America, from 42 dcg. 27. min. to 7odeg. 40 min. 57fec. North litiLikk, was kui'.vi !>/ clt^ Ni- tivcs of a new difcovered Ifland in the South Sea, on the 1 4th of February 1 779 ; and was lacrccMrii b,- Ciip:.. ' i Gierke, who died at Sea, of a lingering llincrs, Auguft the 22nd 1774 ; after wliich lael.uu aol;, F •i-"s,CapKL.a Gore took '.he command of tiiu Refolution, and Mr. King, lur lull Lieutenant, was prouiored MiTuut liS Difcovery : the Whole being (not an Abridgement hut an entire original Narntive) extra, te^l (iiith ..^iij' ironi ' i',*; Original Journals of fcveral OfHccrs, and Private Papers ; and illuftratcd w iUi tlie greatcft Variciv or uimus atui fplcndid Copper- Plates, confifting of Pertraits, Perfpedive \'ievvs, Lam'IV.ape.slliUMrual Pucco.anilui • ;iri(cir,'r, Rcprefentattons of remarkable Event.s, natural Curiofkies, &c. all takcii A iruig the Voyage, and iinw r'l;;-; .r^.ii by the mod capital Artifts of this Kingdom; togrthei- with all the Maps Chan , Plans, &c. fliewingihe Tradi of the Ships, and relative to Countries now firft difcovered or hitherto but imperl'edly known. :».J= INTRODUCTION. WE arc now about to enter a pew fidd for difco- very and improvement ; no lefsthan to fi\ the bounda.ies of the two continents that form the grand divifions, which, though fcparated to all iuunan ap- pearance, connect the Globe : and in order to I'lcw the nnportance of the prefent voyage, and to furnilh our numerous friends, lubfcribcrs and readers, with an idea of the majinirikle of the undertaking, we (liaii take a curfory view oi" tliat untrnHden ground, wivrh foi'mrr enterpriziufr tiil'c ovcivrs viliud, and whereon tli'- prin, cipal fctnes ol iheir opcriiiions verc exhibited. A brief ivcapiiulalion ot their expeditions, uiji cvin';r plainly, how much we are indthted to thofo intrepid naval olficers of our o«n country, who ha- e extended our 'W 400 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. our acquaintance with the contents of the Globe, opened new channels to an increafe of knowledge, and artbrdcd us fre(h materials, equally intcreftino;, as they arc uncommon, for the lludy of human nature m various fituations. Columbus and Magellan, two illuftrious foreigners, '•endercd their names immortal, at an early period. 1 . c fonner, by a pcrfeverance, of which there was no precedent, very providentially furmounted every obilacle that oppofed his progrefs, and adonllhed Eu- rope with the produ(ftion of a New Earth, fince called America; while much about the tame time the latter, infpircd by a like fpiritof enterprise, and animated by a magnanimity tl-at defpifed danger, opened a palTage to a new fea, to which he gave the name of Pacific. In the year 1520, on the 6th of Novcmbel-, Ma- gellan entered the ftraits, that have ever fnjcc been called by his name, and on the 27th of the fame month beheld the wilhcd for objcd: of his purfuit, the Great Southern Ocean. For one hundred and thirteen days, he continued ftcering to the north-weft, and having in that timecrolTcd the line, he fell in with thofe idands, to which he gave the name of Ladrones; and proceed- ing from hence in fcarch oftheMaluccas, he found in his way many little illands, where he was hofpitably re- ceived, and where a friendly correfpondence was efta- blifhed. Thefe iflands were fituated between the La- drones, and what arc now known by the name of the Philippines, in one of which, called Nathan, Magellan, with 60 men, encountering a whole army, was firfl wounded with apoifoncd arrow, and then pierced with a bearded lance. His little fquadron, now reduced to two tliips, and not more then 80 men, departed haftily, but one only, the Vidlory, returned by the Cape of Good Hope, and was the Firft Ship that ever went round the world. Other adventurers were not now wanting to follow the rteps of this intrepid Navigator, In 1567, Alvarez dc Mendamo, another Spaniard, was fcnt from Lima, on purpofe for difcovery. He failed 800 leagues wellward from the coaft of Peru, and fell in with certain illands in the latitude of 11 deg. S. and captain Cook inclines to the opinion, that they arc the cluftcr which comprizes what has fince been called New Britain, ficc. Menda\no wasalfo faid to have difcovercd, in 1575, the illand of St. Chriftoval, and not far from thcnco, the Archipelago, called rlie iflands of Solomon, of which great and fmall he counted 33. In 1577, Sir Francis Drake, who was the lirft Eng- liflmian that pafled the ftraits of Magellan, difeovered the ifland of California, which he named New Albion. I \c alfo difcovercd other fmall iflands in his route to the 4 jd dcg. of N. l.ititude, but as his fole view was to re- turn with his booty, he paid no regard to objedls of Icfs concern. I Ic arri\cd in KngLwid, by the Cape of Good Hope, in the year 15 So. To him fucc ceded Sir Thomas Cavendifti, wh.)likcwifc paflcd the ftraits of Magellan in 1 586, and returned nearly by the fame route pointed out by his predc(ciror, touching at the I jdrones, and making fomc ftay at the Philippine ifles, of which, on hi- return, he ga\c an entcrtainuig defcription. In 1 595, the Spaniards, intent more on difcovery than plunder, fitted out four fliips, and gave the command CO Alvaro Mcndana dc Neyra; whofe difcovcrics were the Marqueias, Solitary Ifland, and Santa Cruz: but moll of thofc who embarked on this expedition either ilied mifcrably, or were ftiipwrcckcd. One of the Hect was atterw arils found with all her fails fet, and the peo- ple rotttn. In 1 59S, Oliver Van Noort paflcd the ftraits. He made no difcoviries: but in this year the Scbaldinc illands were difcovercd by Sebaid de Wert, the fame known now by the name of Falkland's Ifles. In i6oj Pedro I'crnando de Quiros conceived the defign of difrovcring a fouthcrn continent. He is fup- |X)fed by Mr. Dalrymplc and others, to have been tnc lirft into whofe nund the exillenteof fuch a continent had ever entered. On the 21ft of December he failed from Calloi w ith two Ihips and a tender. Luis Paz de Torres wr.i cntruftcd with the command, and Quiros, from zeal for the fuccefaof the undertaking, was con- tented to aift in the inferior ftation of pilot. Quiros, foon after his return, prcfentcd a memorial to Pfiilip II. of Spain, in which he enumerates ji iflands that he had difcovercd, among which was the ifland of the Virgin Mary, and adjoining to it three parts of the country called Auftralia del Ffpiritu Santo in which land were found the bay of St. Philip and St! Jago. In 1614 George Spitzbcrgen, with a ftrong fi]uadion of Dutch ftiips paflcd the ftraits of Magellan; and in 1 61 5 Schouten and Le Mairc, in the Unity of j6o tons and the Hoorn of 1 10, failed from the Texcl, on the 14th of June, profcfledly for the difcovery of a new paf. fagc to the South Sea. The Hoorn was burnt, in ca. reening, at King's ifland, on the coaft of Brazil, and the other left fingly to purfue her voyage. In latitude 54 deg. 56 min. they came in fight of an opening, to which, (having happily parted it) they gave the name of Strait le Maire. Having foon after weathered the foiithernmoft point of the American continent, they called that promontory Cape Horn, or more propcrlv Hoorn, after the town in Holland where the project was firft fecretly concerted; and two iflands wSich they had paflcd, they named Bernevelt. They alfo difco- vercd feveral others, and coaflcd the north iide of New Britain. In 1642 Abel Tafman failed from Batavia in the Hcemfkirk, accompanied by the Zee Haan pink, with a defign of difcovering the .Southern Continent. The firft land he made was the caftcrn point of New Hol- land, fince known by the name of Van Dicman's Lmd. Proceeding in a high latitude to the eaft ward, he tell in with the wcftcrnmoft coaft of New Zealand, where the greateft part of the crew of the Zee Haan were mur- dered by the favages of a bay, to which he gave the name of Murderer's Bay, called by our late navigators Queen Charlotte's Sound. In his palTagc he fell in with the ifles of Pylftaert, Amftcrdam, Middlchurg, and Rotterdam. Then directing his courfe to the N. \V. he difcovercd eighteen or twenty fmall iflands, in lati- tude f] deg. ig min. S. longitude 201 dcg. ^5 min. to which he gave the name of Prince William's Illands, and Hecmtkirk's Banks. From thence Tafman purfucd his courfe to New Guinea, without difcovering the liip. pofcd continent; and returned to Batavia on the 15th of June 164.^. In 1681 bampicr paflcd the Magellanic Straits, and in 1699 he made a fecond voyage on difcovery, which was chiefly confined to New Holland, New (iiiincn, New Britain, and the iflands adjacent. In 170), he performed a third voyage, but without making any new difcovcrics. He was accompanied in this voyage by Mr. Funnel, to whom thecircumnavigation of the Globe is afcribcd. In 1721, the Dutch Eaft-India Company, at the in- ftance of captain Roggewein, fitted out a refpcctable fleet, for the difcovery of that continent, which lay hi- therto unknown, though believed univcrfally to exift. Three uout (hips were appointed, and were well pro- vided for this (crvice; the Eagle of 36 guns and 1 1 1 men, on board of which embaiked Roggewein ai commodore, having under him tain Colter, an ex- perienced navigator; the Tienhovcn of 28 guns, and 100 men, of which captain Bowman was commander; and the African Galley, coinmandej by captain Rofen- thall. From thefe experienced navigators cvcty thing was hoped. They found the ftraits of Magcll.;n im- pradicabic, and entered the Southern Ocean, after bav- mg endured a variety of difliculties and hardfliips, hy the ftrait Ic Mairc. Roggewein purfucd nearly the fame track as Schouten had jwintcd out, till, veering more to the north, he fell in with the iflands at which commo- dore Byron firft landed, and where fome of the wreck of the African Galley, as we have mentioned in the hil- tory of his voyage, was a(f>ually found. Purfuing their courfe to the wcftward,they difcovercd a duftcrof iflands, undoubtedly the fame now called the Friendly Klcs, to whith li COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 401 which they gave the name of the Labyrinth, becaufe it was with dilliculty they could clear them. They con- tinued their courfe towards New Britain, and New Guinea} and thence by the way of the Moluccas tb thcEall Indies; and thus ended, like all rhe formef voysgcs, one which was ekpcdled at leaft to have folvcd thcqueftion, but, in fact determined nothing: yet they who argued from the harmony obfervable in the works of nature, infifted that fomething was wanting to give one fide of the globe a refemblance to the othei-| while thofe who rcafoned from experience, pronounced the whole fyftem the creature of the fertile brain. In 1738 Lazier Bouvet wasfentby the Eaft India Company, upondifcovery in the Southern AtlanticOccan. He lailcd from Port rOrient on the 19th of July, on board the Eagle, accompanied by the Mary, and on the I ft of January following, it was thought he had difco- vered land in latitude 54 deg. fouth, longitude 11 min. calt. But this having been diligently fought for by cap^ tain Cook, without effed, there is good reafon to doubt if any fuch cxifla ; or, if it does, rt is too remote froln any known traifl to be of ufc to trade or navigation. In 1 7 4? commodore Anfon iraverfed the Great Pacific Ocean; but he made no difcoVcfies within the limits of our review. We come now to that intereftihg acra, Uhcn the fpirit of difcovery recovered new flrength, under the iheridiing influence and munificent encouragement of his prclcnt Majcfty, George III. who having put a pe- riod to the deftruclive o|)crations of war, he turned his attention to cnterprizes more adapted to the fcaion of returning peace. His Maiefty formed the gran. I <:>.- fign of exploring the Southern Hemifphercj and 111 the profecution of an objedt fo well idaptcd to the \icws of a great commercial people, one voyage fuiluued ano- ther in clofe fuccelTion. In 1764. Captain, now adtniral Byron, having under his command the Dolphin and Taniar, p^dFcd tl-.rough theftraits of Magellan, intn the Pacific Orcan; where hciiif(ovcrr(l It vera! ill.ind.-i, ind returned 10 England in M:i' , 1766. I:i I I- month of Augult following, the Dolphin was again lirnr out under the command of cap- tain Wallis with the Swallow floop, commanded by captain ( 'arteret. I'hey prO' ceded logrther till they cai'MC to ihe welt end of the (tiaits of Ma<:;ellan, and in light of the Great .South St-a, where they werefiparatcd. t'aptain xVallis directed his courfe more wcfteriy than anv navigatoi* had done before in fo high a lat.. dc; illf- covcred not lefs than fourteen new illand.s; and returned to England with the Dolphin, in May 1 768. His com- panion captain Carteret kept a different route, made otherdifcoveries, among which was the ftrait between N'ew Britain and New Ireland. He returned with the Swallow to England, after having encountered innume- rable difficulties, in March 1 769. In the fame year and month, commodore Bougainville, having circumnavi- gated the globe, arrived in France. in r 769, the Spaniards fent out a fliip to trace the dif- coverics of the Englifh and French commandcrsj which arrived at Otaheitc in 1771. This (liip touched at larter Idand, but whether Ihc returned to New or Old Sfnin rcmain.s undecided. In the l:»mc year 1769, the lieii.h alfo fitted out another (liip from the Mauritius, under the command of captain Kcrgulen, who, having liifcovere 1 a few barren iflands, contented himfelf with leaving fome memorials, that were found by Captain Cook. To this diftinjruinied 'navigator was referved the honour of being the firit, who Irom a feries of the molt fatisfa('lii'y ohfervations, beginning at the wel en- trance of the (trait of Mageliftn, and carrie I on with unwearied perfeverancc round Terra del Fuegv\ through thedrait of l.e Maire, has conftnided » chart of the fmithein extremity of America, from which it will ap- pear, what ad\.iiit.ig;s will now be enjoyed by thofe who fliall hereafter fail round Cape Horn Captain ( '.Ilk failed from Plymouth, in Auguft 1768, and n- tiiriied home by the Cape of Good Hope in July 1771. This cxpcri.jnccd circumnavigator performed his fe- con.1 voyage in tlic Rcfolutioii and Adventure. Thefe No. 49. two Ihips failed from England inju(yi77;, and re, turned on the joth of the lalne month, in J 775. The general objccT: of this and the preceding voyage round the world, undertaken by the command of his Majefty, was to fearch for uilknown traits of land that might exift withiii the bofom of the iinmenfe expanfe of ocean that occupies the whole fouthernhemifphere; and, par- ticularly, to determine to a certainty, the exiltence or non-exiltv;ncc of a Southern Continent; and thefe voy«. ages have facilitated tlieacccfs of ihips into the Pacific Ocean, and alfo greatly enlarged our knowledge of its CQiltents. Our late navigators, befides perfeifling martjr df the difcoverics of their predcceltbrs, hiive ddcted to them a long catalogue of their own. The fcvcral lands^ of which any account had beengiVen by the Spaniards or Dutch, have been carefully looked for, and mod of them found, vifited, aiid accunttcly furveyedi The boartcd Tierra Auftrdlia del Efpiritu SaiittJ of Quiros, as being a part of a fouthern continent, could not Itand captafn Cook's examination, who failed round it, and adigned its true pofltionj and moderate bounds, in the Archipelago of the New Hebrides. Bougainville did no nriore than difcover, that the land hetc was riot con- ne(fted; but captain Cook found it to becompoftdof illands, and exploled the whole group. Byroil, Willis, and Carteret, had each of them Contributed tdwtrds in- cieaiiiig our knowledge bf the ama?,irig profufion of illands that exift ill the Pacific Ocean, within the li- itl,t.< of the fouthern tropic: but how far that ocean redched to the welt, what Unds bounded it dti that ildc, and the connection of thofe lands with the difooverici of former narvigators, remained abfolutely unknbwn, till captain Cook decided the qlieftion, and brought hoitie iiich ample accounts of them and tHeir inhabit- ants, as have left little more to be done in that part of the globe. It w as a favourite conjectural opinion among geographers, that New Zealand was a part of a fouthern continent; but captain Cook's voyage in tht Erideavour has proved it to be a mere fiippofititin; for he fpent near lix months upon its coafts, circumnavigated it com-- pletely, and afcertained its extent and divifioris into two iflands. Whether New Holland did or did riot join to l^ew Guinea was another queftion, which cap- tain Cook decided, by failing tjct ween them thrbugH Endeavour Itraii. He, therefore, in this part of his voyage, hascltablifhed a fadt of cifential fervice to na- vigation, by opening, if not a new, at leaft an unfre- quented and forgotten communication between the .Southern Pacific and Indian oceans. To captain Car- teret we are indebted fora new difcover •, in the ftridelt fenfc of the word. St. George's channel, through which his iliip found a way, betweeri New Britain and New Ireland, i? a much better and iTiorter palFage, w hether ealtward or weftward, than round all the iflands and lands to the northward. Thus far, ther"forCj the late voy.iges of our own countryfnen, to difclofe hew tr.icksof navigation, and to reform old defects iri geo- graphy, appear to have been profccutcd w ith a fatis* factory itegree of fuccefs. But fomething was ftill wanting to cdmplet^ thi great plan of dilcovery. The utmoft accelTible extre- mities of the .Southern Hemifphere had ')ev^.i repeatLJiy vifited arid furveycd; yet great v:iriety of opinion pre- vailed concemingthe navigable Ijoundarics. of our own hemifphere; particularly, as to the exiftence, or at leaft as to the pradlicability of i northern palfage be- tween the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, ither by fail- ing eaftwaid, round Afia, or weftward, round North America; by which pafTage, could it be found, voy- age-; to the Ealt Indies in general would be much (hoitened, and, confcquently become more profitable, than by making the tedious circuit of the Cape of Good Hope. This fiivourite object of the Englifli as early as the fifteenth century, appeared fo certain to the Ca* Ixits, that the voUnger Sebaltian made the original at- tempt to difcG cr a N. W. paflage in 1497, which ended in thedifcovcty oi Newfoundland, and the Li" bradore coalt. He returned by the way of Newfound- land, bringing home with Rim two Efquimcau.x. In S I .. Ji7^ 402 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 1576 Sir Martin Forbilher undertook a fecond expedi- tion, and found a (Irait on the foiithermoft point of Greenland, but, after repeated trials, he relinquiflied his hope of feeing the otjed he held in contemplation and had been purfuing. Sir Humphry Gilbert was morti- fied with the fame difappointment. He coaftcd along hofc above pomtcd out, \r order to make a difcovcry of the before-mentioned pafTagc (if any fuch there be) you are at liberty; and we leave it to your difcrction, to purfue fuch meafures accordingly. " But, fhould you be fatisfied, that there is nopalTage through the bays, fuflicient for the purpolcsof naviga- tion, you arc, at the proper feafon of the year, to repair to the port of St. Peter and St. Paul in Kamtfchatka, orwhcreverelfe you (hall judge mere proper, in order to refrcflj your people and pafs the winter; and in the fpring of thcenuiingyear, 1778, to proceed from ihencc to the northward, as far as, in your prudence, you .'lay think proper, in further fearch of a north-call, or iiorth- V cl> paflage, fro.ii the Pacific Ocean into the Atlantic, " ..orthSca: and if, from your own obfervation, or un; information you may receive, there fliall appear to be a probability of fuch a palTage, you arc to proceed asaL* vedireded; and having difcovercd fuch a pal- fnge, or failed in the attempt, make the bell of your way back to England, by fuch route as you may think belt for the improvement of geography and nav igai ion ; repairing to Spithead with both Hoops, where they -re *o remain till further orders. " And at whatcvi i places you may touch in the courfc of your voyage, where accurate obfervation* of the na- ture hcnafter mentioned have not already been made, you iwr, as far as your time will allow, very carefully to obfervethe fituation of fuch places, both in latitude and lonpitiidci the variation ol the nccdlc; bearings ol head Unds ; height, diredion, and courfc of the tides »nd currents; depths, and foundings of the fea ; llioals, rocks, See. and alfo to furvcy, make charts, and take views of fuch bays, harbours, and different parts of the coafl, and to make fuch notations thereon, as may be ufcful cither to navigation or commerce. You art alfb carefully to obferve the nature of the foil, and the pro- duce thereof; the animals and fowls that inhabit or fre- quent it; the fiihcs that are to be found in the riven or upon the coafls, and in what plenty; and, in cafe there are any peculiar to fuch places, to defcribe them minutely, and to make as accurate drawings of them as you can: and, if you find any metals, minerals, or va- luable ftones, or any extraneous fbffils, you are to bring hpme fpccimens of^ each ; as alfo of the feeds of fuch trees, flirubs, plants, fruits and grains, peculiar to thofe places, as you may be able to colled, and to tranfmit them to our fecretary, that proper experiments and ex- amination may be made of them. You are likewifc to examine the genius, temper, difpofition, and number of the natives and inhabitants, where you find any ; and to endeavour, by all proper means, to cultivate a friendfhip with them, making them prefents of fuch trinkets aa you may have on board, and they may like bcfl; inviting them to traffic; and flicwing them every kind of civility and regard; but taking care, ncverthc- lcfs, not to fuffer yourlclf to be furprizcd by ihcm, but to be always on your guard againfl any accidents. " You are alfo, with the confentof the natives, to take pofTeflion, in tne name of the King of Great Britain, of convenient fituations infuch countries as you mny dil'co- ver, thathave already not been difcovercd or vifited by any other European power; and to diftribute among the in- habitants fuch things as will remain as traces and tefti- monics of your having been there; but if you find the countries fo difcovercd are uninhabited, you are to take polTcffion of them for his Majefty, by fetting up proper marks and infcriptions, as firll difcoverers and poflef- fors. " But forafmuch as, in undertakings of this nature, feveral emergencies may arife not to be forcfccn, and therefore not particularly to be provided for by inffruc- tions before- hand; you are, in fuch cafes, to proceed as you fliall judge molt advantageous to the fervice on which you arc employed : and you are, by all opportu- nities, to fend to our Secretary, for our information, ac- counts of your proceedings, and copies of the furveys and drawings you fhall have made; and upon your ar- rival inEjigland, you arc immediately to repair to this office, in order to lay before us a full account of your proceedings in the whole courfc of your voyage; taking care belbre you leave the floop, to demand from the officers and petty officers, the log-books and journals they may have kept, and to fcal them up for our iiifpec- tion; and enjoining them and the whole crew, not to divulge where they have been, until they have ptrmif- fion fo to do : and you are to direct captain Gierke to do the fame, with refpect to the officers, petty officers, anc^ crew of the Difcovcry. " Should any accident happen totheRcfolution.in the courfc of the voyage, fo as to difabic her tVom proceed- ing any farther, you arc, in fuch cafe, to remove yourfclf and her crew into the Difcovcry, and to profccute your voyage in her; her commander being hereby ftrii!;tly re- 3 uired to receive you on board, and to obey your or- ers.the fame, in every rcfped, as when you vicre ac- tually onboard the Refolution: and, i.; c.ife ot your inability, by ficknefsorotherwife, tocarr. luVeinftru. - tions into execution, you are to be caretui :>i leave them with the next officer in command, who is hereby re- quired to execute them in the belt manner he can. " The above Inltruiifions were given July rhe 6th, 1 776, under the hands of the Earl of Sandwi li, l^ird C Spencer, Sir H. Pallifer; and, by command of their Lordftiips, figncd P*iilip Stephens, Secretary of the Admiralty." In order to carry tt ? noble and extenlivc plan into execution, on Februai the 14II1 1 776. the Refolution and Difcovcry, having been complitel equipped in the dock at Deptford, were put into . uTiimflion. Cap- tain Cook hoifted his pendant on boa. .u he former Hoop j and the command of the Difcovcry, of three hundretl toia hi ■ Vwtfr '"-'4 '■'1 K' !< '*"''"•"' .iwilM^^' i&U. •*rm 404 Capt. C O O K's V O Y A imJiU G E S COM P L E T E. tons burthen, \Nhkh h-.itl btenpurchafed into the fer- vicc, wAS {^iven to captain Cleri; w'; ■, - James Clevcly. - Robert Anderfon. - ' * William Anderfon " 1 - Roberts, &c. - Hargel>,&c. - SamwiolUrtd Davis. :;■' - Alex. Hftgffafid Alex. Dewer. - WilliamCoUet - William Griffiths. -. . ; - Willian> Hunt. • . - William Price f - William Widdel. - William Maceril, Quin,James, and Doyle. I Captain • - - 3 Lieutenants I Master - - - 1 Boatswain - - t Carpenter - - I Gunni;r - - _ 1 Surgeon - - - 3 Master's Mates - 6 Midshipmen - - •2 Surgeon's Mates 2 Captain's Cebrks I Master at Arms 1 Corporal - - I Armourer - ""^ I Ditto Mate •• » I Sail Maker - - I Ditto Mate - - 3 Boatswain's Mates ^^- , ^ _, „„ 3 Carpenter's Ditto - Barber anHMacintollv a Gunner's Ditm - - BrownandRamfey. 4 Carpenter's Ckt.W - Carter, &c. 1: I Cook - - -'- - Robert Morris, I Ditto Mate - - - Richard Young. « 6 Ql'arter Masters - W-.-ling, flco/ i >■>. . ■ 45 Able Seamen. ■•?:.:':!(.: : ':. ...■'■""■"..M.ARiNEs.. ,;!:^?:::-'. I Lieutenant • 1 . Molefworth Philips. ' 1 Serjeant - - . _ Samuel Gibfon. 2 Corporals - - - Ixjdiard and Thomas. I Drummer - - - Michael Portman. •' 15 Privates. .'" •. Total of the S.hip's Company 1 13 men. II. A LIST of the OFFICERS, SFAMFN and PRIVATES, on Board the DISCOVERY. ' 1 Captain -' ■"-' •• 2 Lieutenants- - 1 Master _ - _ I Boatswain - - I Carpenter - - I Gunner - - - 1 Surgeon - - - 2 Master's Mates- 4 MlClil.'HMEN - - 2 Surgeon's Mates I Captain's C'lerk I Ma;; BR at Arms. I Corporal I Armourer . - I Ditto Mate. I Sail Maker. 1 Ditto Mate. 2 Boatswain's Mate* 2 Carpenter's Ditto. I Gunner's Ditto. 4 Ckpenter's (iREr. I Cook. 4 Quarter Masters }^ Able SEAMfv, M A - Charles Gierke. - James Burney, John Rickman - Thomas Edgar. - Eneas Atkins. * ' ■ - Peter Reynolds. ' - William Pcckover. - John Law. . Home and Hollingby. ' ' - Alex. Mouat,&c. - Snaggs and Ellis. - Gregory Banthom. ' - Dixon. M '5 !•' ■I Yl it^ i .■■•fl- Ilk i .-iUi/i'lll) ■ • ■" nil.;':- ■,.. - Cox,&cc. R I N E S. - Lctant. I Serjeant . - - I Corporal. I Drummer . - ■ _ Hollywcll. "' 8 Privates, ' Total of the Ship's Company 80 men. To thcfe wc may here add Ojniah, who, as we *tre to touch at the Society iflands and Otaheitc, was to take his paflage in the Kefolution, to his nitivc countr)', COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 4^5 Before the Rcfolution and Adventure quitted the fmall but fertile iflandof Huahcine, captain Furncaux, who had the command of the latter, agreed to receive on board his fliip a young man named Omai, or Omiah, a native of Ulictea, where he was poflefled of fome pro- perty, of which he had been deprived by the people of Bolabola. Captain Cook wondered that captain I'ur- ncauxwouldencumber himfelf with this man, who in his opinion, was not a proper fa^ple of the inhabitants of thoic happy iflands, not having any advantage of birth, or acquired rank, nor being eminent in Iliapc, ligure, or complexion; for their people of the hrfl: rank are much fairer, and, ufually, better behaved, and inoreintelligent,thai>the::fiiddlingclafsofpeopk^, among | whom Omiah is to berapkcd. QpuinCook, however, fincc his arrival in England,, has been convinced of his error; ibr.exceptitighis.^omplcxion (which Uundoubt- cdly of a deeper hue than that of the Earees, or gentry, who live, as in other countries, a more luxurious lite, and me Icfs cxpofed to the heat of the fun) he doubted whether any other of the natives would have given a more general fatisfadlion by his behaviour among them. «' Omiah, he obfcrvcd, has certainly a very good under- llanding, quick parts, and honeft principles ; he has a natural good behaviour, which renders him acceptable to the bcft company, and a proper degree of pride, which taught him to avoid the focicty of pcrfons of inferior rank. He l\as pafllons of the fame kind as oth'.-r ycfiin;: men, but has judgment enough not to indulge them ■.) any improper manner. I do not imagine that he has any dilliketo liquor, and if he had fallen in'.o compimy where the perfon who drank thcmoft, met with the moft approbation, I have no doubt, but that he would hiivc endeavoured to gain theapphiufe of thoCc with whom he aflbciatedi but, fortunately for him, he perceived that drinking w?j very little in ufe hut among the inferior people, and as he was very watchful into the manners and conduel of the perfons of rank who honoured him with their urotcdion, he was fobcr and modeft; and I never hearJ that, during the whole time of his (lay in England, which was two years, he ever once was difguilcd with wine, or ever fliewcd an in- clination to go beyond the nrifteft rules of moderation. Soon after hit arrival irf London, the Earl of Sandwich, thefirft Lord of the Admiralty, introduced him to h's Majefty at Kcw, when he met with a moft gracious re- ception, and imbibed tbe ftrongcft imprcnion of duty and gratittrdc. which I arti pcrfuaded he will preferve to thflateftmdmentof his life. lining his ftay in Eng- land he was carcfltd by nWny of the principal nobility, and did nothirtjVfO' forfeit the crtccm of any orie of them [ but his principal patrons were the carl of Sand- wich, Mr. B^nks, and pr. Solander: the firft probably thought it a duty of his office to protcd and counte- nance an inhabitkht of thht hofplt.ible country, where the wants and drftreffcs of tho'c in his department had btfnalleviii|tcd andfupplicri in the jnofHmplo manner j the others, as aiid^imony of th«*irgratit\jdc fortht'ttf- ncroiis reception they had met witn during their reli- dcnre in bis country. But though Omiah lived in the niidftof amufcrrtcnts during his j^fidencc in England; Ms return to liis native count^waS always in h;s thoughts; and though he was i)Ot impatient torn; now rherimcof his retirrnappitjachcd, He -tu.) ajriftted by difi-ercnt paflions li^'tufiis,' arid left Londtiit with ii mix- ture ot regret and fatisfadion." In our voyage, when we tali\id about Englrjid, and about thofc, who, during bis liav had honoured him with their p^tedtion and ("ricndihip, his fpirits were fcnfibly aflcAed, and It was nith dilhculty he could refrain from tears. But, thj:" killant the convcrfation turned to hi- own iflands, his eyes lugan to fparklc with joy," He was deeply tin - prclVcd u ith a fenfc of the good treatment he had met (liili in F.ngland, and entcrtaihcd the highefl ideas of the coimTy and of the people. But the pltafing pro*-' pc thence what appeared moft lirikingly ufeful, and applicable to the improvement of his country. His fenles were charmed by beauty, ft nimctrv, harmony, andmagnificencej they called aloud for gratification, and he was accuftomed to obey their voice. The continued round of enjoyments left him no time to think of his future lifc; and being deftitute of the genius of a Tupia, whofc fuperior abilities would have enabled him to form a plan for his own condudl, his under^anding remained unimproved. After having fpent two years in England, his judgment was in its infant ftatc; and, therefore, when he was preparing to rctirn, he coveted almnft every thing he law, and particul \rly that which amufcd him by lome uncxpec'ted effeifl To gratify his puerile fancy, as it iliould fecm, rather than from any other motives, he was indulged with a portable organ, an cledrical ma- chine, a coat of mail, artd a fuit of armour." Such is the account, and fuch the charaderof Omiah, (as given by Mr. Forfter,') who left his country, and his connec. tions, to mam he did not know where, nor for what, having no idea of improving the arts, manufatlures, or commerce of his country, or introducing one ufeful fciencc among them. He carried with him, bclidei the articles anove enumerated, a prnfufion of almort every thing that can be named, axes, faws, chilTcls, and carpenters tools of every kind; all fort.^ of Birmingham ancf Sheffield wares; guns, piflols, cutlaflcs, powder, and ammunition ; needles, pins, fiflt-hooks, and various implements for (port ; nets of all forts ; with hand, engines, and a lathe for turning. He had likewife cloaths of different colours and different fabricks laced and plain ; fomc made in the ftylcof his own country, and feveral after our manner. Some of thefe l\{\ he bartered with the petty officers (after he had palTcd New Zealand) for red feathers. He was likewife fup. plied plentifully with glafs and china-wares, with ixha and toys, fomc of great value ; medals of various metals t and a watch was prefented to him by a perfon of dif>ini!l:ion: in fhort, nothing was withheld from him that he required either for trade in his ow n country, or for curiolity. How hebehavetlon board, and in what manner he was received on his return home, will be fcen in the fuqtiel of the hilVory of our voyage, to which we now proceed. CHAP. I. • ' - Departure of the R'-foliition from Plyimitth Sound — Her paffiigc to Tnifriffir, and retcpt'wnjljf inft ivitb fi.>rrr — Tlie rmJ of Santa Cruz drfirilfd — Gtcgraphicat avcount of ibe ijlivtd, and biflory of ibe cities of Santa Cruz and Ligum — Air, cliniale, ii^nailtinr, proJuie, romiiirrce, and inbabitanls defribed — Her departun' from Teneri£e for tk Cape of Good Hope Tbe DifroVery folkivs, and joins company fame timt after her atrival ibere — The Rffuk- tion in danger near tbe funken roeh of Bonavifla — Arrives at tbe Cipe of Good Hnpc-^rranfu^io'is there — An account of Mr. Aiideifon's journey up tbe country — Botb Jfjips leave Ibe Cape, and proceed on ibeir voyage to tbe foiitbzuard. , ,. j . . An fi T^ ^'^ morning of the nth of July, • '77 • \_ Captain Cook delivered mto the hands of Mr. Burney, firlt lieutenant of the Difcovery, Cap- tain (. Icrk's failing orders ; a copy of w hich he alio left with the commanding officer of his iiiajeHy'.s (hips at Plymouth, to be delivered to the Captain on his arrival. In the afternoon wc weighed w ith the ebb, and got out beyond all the (hipping in the found. On Friday the 1 2th, the impatience t)f the fliip's company, and the notion they had entertained of its being a lucky- day, as it was the fame the Rcfolution had fct fail on m her tbriiier \oyage, induced Captain Cook to comply with their importunities. Accordingly, at eight o'clock, P. M. we rtood out of the found, with Omiah o.i board, having a gentle bree/.c at N. W. by VV. Captain ClcrK was ordered to follow us with the Difcovery, to St. Jago, one of the Cape de Vcrd I Hands, and if he ilioulil there mifs of us to purfue his courfe dircdly (or the Cape of Good Hope. Soon alter we tame out of the found, the wind came more weftcrly, and blew frelh, which obliged us to ply down the channel ; and »c were not otT the Lizard till Sunday the 14th, in the evening. On Tucfday the i6th, we obfcrved in lati- tude 49 deg. 53 min. 30 fee. N. St. .\gnes"» Light- houfe bearing at this time N. W. by VV, diftant alxiut eight miles, and, by our reckoning, fituated in 49 deg. 57 min. 30 fee. N. and in 6 deg. 20 min. W. longi- tude. Our readers will be pleafed here to obferve, that, in this voyage, we reckon our longitude from the meridian of Greenwich, an(^ after palting to the eaft in the South Atlantic, it is carried on eallerly_bevonil the Great Meridian, or 1 8oih degree, to the utnip(t cx- 'tcnt of the vpyagc, and back again to the fame meri- di;v). On the I7ch our commander began his judici- ous operations for preferving the health of his crcw; fiij^ih's day the fparc fails were well aired, and the (hip was fiuoked ketweln decks with gunpouder. On i'tl^rday the 1 8th, wc were abreaft of Ufluuit, and, by the watch, found the longitude of the iHand to be 5 deg. 18 min. 37 fc '. VV. (>n he 19th, we (lood wedward till eight oV!ock, A. M. when the wind (hiftedt upon which we tacked and flretched to ciie fouthward. .Soon after we came in light of nine fail of large (hips, which we fuppofed tu be French men of war. On Monday the a2nd, wc obfcrved in lati- tude 44 deg. 6 min. N. longitude 8 deg. 23 min. W. when Cupc Ortegal, then in view, bore S. K. half S. didant four leagues. Wc had calm weather till the afternoon of the 24th, when we paffcd Cape Finillerre, with a fine gale at N. N. E. By the watch, and the mean of 41 lunar obfervations, wc found the longitude of this cape to be 9 deg. 1 9 min. 1 2 fee. On Tucfa>y the 3Pth, finding we wanted a fuppl^ of hay and corn, for the fublillence of our live (lock ot animals on board, Captain Cook detcnnincd to touch at Teneritfe, in order to procure thofe necelTaries, as well as the ufual refre(luiK-nts forourfclves. On the 31 It, at four o'clock P. M. we (iiwr Tencrilfc, made for the caftcrn part of it, and iluring the night flood otfand un. Thurfday the 1 ft of .\uguft, early in the morning, we proccedt'l ■ o:J the ea(l point of the iflaiid, to the S. E. fide, and, about eight o'clock, anchored in the road of Santa Cruz, in 23 fathoms water. We moored N. K. and S. W. near half a mile from 'he fhore; in which pofuion Punta de Nago bore N. 64 deg. E. Tiie church, of St. 'Francis, which. I^as a remarkable high ftceple, \y. S. \Y, the Pic, S.,;6^ d<,;g. VV. anJthc S. W. point of th« road. Off \j'hicl> (lanAi a cafll', S. 39 deg. VV. In this road were riding one French frigate, two French brigantincs, an Englifli one, and 14 fail of the Spaniih nation. Wc had no fooncr an- chored than we received a vifit from the mailer of the po't, «Iioonly afkid the (hip's namet and upon his .ctifing, Cap4|i>Cool£ fent an officer alhore, to rcqiitft his permilTiibQV that wc might take in water, and pMr- chale other nccdtary acticks. This he politely gianr COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 407 fd and lent one of his officers on board to compli- ment the captain on his arrival t who, in the afternoon, waited upon the governor in perfon, accompnicd by fomc of ni» officers j and, before he returned, befpokc Ibme cofn and ftraw, ordered a quantity of wine, and made in agreement for a fupply of water, with a Spanilh boat. The principal road of Tencriffc is this of Santa Cna, on account of its capacity, and the coodnefs of its bottom. It lies before the town of the fame name. Great care is obfcrved in mooring ftiips, as the road lies entirely open to the S. E. and S. winds. Wc ob- ferved, that all thofe veflTcIs which lay here at this time, had four anchors out, and their cables were buoyed up with caflcs. By not attending to this laft particular, we found ours had fuffered a little. The water to fupply the (hipping, and for the ufc of the inhabitants of Santa Cruz is derived from a rivulet that runs f'fom the hills, which is conveyed into the town in wooden troughs. As thefe troughs were at this time repairing, frclh water was extremely fcarcc. For the convenience of loading and landing goods, at the S. W. part of the road, a ftone pier is run out from the town into the fca. It might be naturally concluded, from the appearance of the country about Santa Cruz, that Tenerifte is a barren fpot : but the following ac- count of this ifland will prove the contrary : and for the entertainment of the curious part of our readers, ttc Ihall prcfcnt them with a relation of a journey up the Pike of Teneriffe, including a brief account of the weather and produce of the ifland. The idand of Teneriffe was antiently called Nivaria, from the fnow that inclofes the neck of the Pike of Teyda, like a collar ; the name of Teneriffe, or the White Mountain, being given it by th« natives of Palina, in whofe language Tener fignifics fnow, and ifle, white ; the funimit of the Pike of Teneriffe being ilw'ays covered with fnow. Point Nago, or Anaga,- which is the N. E. point of Teneriffe, bears N. W. about 16 leagues dillant from the N. W. part of Canaria ; but from that part of Canaria to the neareft part of Teneriffe, the diftance docs not exceed 12 wp'"- - . , . This ifland is nearly triangular, the three fides bemg aln,...1cqnal, and each about 36 miles long. In the center is the famous Pike of Teneriffe, fiud to be the highcft mminuin in the univcrfe, and firikcs the fpcc- tators with amazen»ent, both near and at a difiantc. This great mountain extends its bafe to Garrachino, from whence it is two days and a half's journey to the top : but we (hall fpcak more particularly of this in the fequel. In coming in » ith Tenerirtc, in clear weather, the Pike may be eafily difccrncd at 1 20 miles, or 40 league* dillaiice; and in failing from it, at the dirtance of 1 50 miles, or 50 leagues, when it refemblcs a thin blue vapour, or fmokc, very little darker than the flty. Befoitwe lofe fight of this towering mountain, it feems a confuletable height above the firmament, though from its diftance, and ttie fphericaJ figure of the earth, the reft of the ifland is funk lieneath the horizon, notw ith- ftanding its being exceedingly high. There arc fcvcral high perix-ndicuiar rocks near Puntode NagOi and on the foiith-cart fide of the ifland, is the harbour of Santa Cruz, the inoft frequented part in the Canary iflands. The beft road for Ihips is about a mile to the north- ward : between the middle of the town and fort, or caftle, fliips may liefecure from all winds, though the lay is cxpofed to thofe which blow from the N. E. loaftsand S. F. yet thefe winds do not blow fo hard as to caufe any confiderabic damage above once in the Tpaceof fouror five years. However, we learn from (I'lafs, that fome years ago, mort of the (hipping in the road were driven on (bore by one of thefe gales. Some Kiiglilh Ihips were then in the harbour; but the crews 'prudently cutting away their mafts, rode out the ftorm. In the middle of the town, for the convenience of land- ing, is a mole, built at valt expcncc. It runs up to the northward, and the outcrmoll part turns towards the Ihore. However, in mild weather, goods are landed at a creek among the rocks, at the diftance of aftone's caft to the fouthward of the mole, and near the cuftom- houfe. In the way from the mole into the town, there is a fquare fort on the left hand, named St. Philip'si this is the principal one in the bay. To the northward of it arc fome (orts and batteries mounted with guns, . the moft confiderable'jOf which is named Paffo Alto. Near it is a fteep rocky valley, which begins at the fca (hore, and runs a great way within land. There arc fcvcral batteries ut the fouth end of the town, and be- yond them, clofe to the (hore, is a fori called St. Juan. All thefe forts are mounted with cannon, and joined to- gether by a thick done wall, which begins near the above rocky valley, and continues with little interrup- tion, to fort St. luan. This wall is within only brcaft high, but it is higher on the outlidc facing the fca, . and from thence to the fouthward ; the (hore being na- turally fenced with rocks, is generally inacccffible. Santa Cruz is a large town, and contains fcvcral churches, three convents of friars, an hofpital, and the bed conftruded private buildings of any to be found in the Canary iflands. It is indeed the capital of them . all, for though the epifcopal fee and courts of judica- ture are in the city of Palmas, in Canaria, the governor- general of the iflands always relides in Santa Cruz, w here a great concourfe of foreigners continually rcfort, on account of its being the center of the trade between the Canary iflands with Europe and America. The number ot inhabitants are fuppofcd to amount to about five or fix thoufand. The water drank by them is con- veyed into the town in open wooden troughs, from a fpring beyond the above mentioned valley, and there are pits of water, which fervc for other purpofcs, in many houfes. Near 12 miles to the fouthward of Santa Cruz, and clofe to the fea, there is a cave, with a church, or chapel, called our Lady of Candelaria, in which is a little image of the Virgin Mary, about three feet high, holding a green candle in one hand, and in the other an infant Jefusi, whohas a gilt bird in each hand. This chapel received its name ot Candelaria, from its being pretended, that on the eve of the purification of the Holy Virgin, a great number of lights are conflantly feen going in proceffion round the cave, in which the image is placed : and they affert, that in the morning drops of wax are fcatiered about the fea (hore. This image is held in the higheft veneration, on account of the many miracles it is faid to have performed, and her chapel is adorned with fo many ornaments, that it is the richeft place in all the feven iflands. At a cer- tain feafon of the year, moft of the inhabitancs of the ifland go thither in pilgrimage, when troops of young girls march finging, in an agreeable manner, thepraifes of the Virgin, and the miraculous deeds the image is faid to have performed. North-weftward of the ifland is the bay of Adexe, or, as it is pronounced, Adehe, where large fliips may anchor. On the N. W. fide is a haven called Garra- chica, once the bell port in the ifland ; but it was de- ftroycd, in 1704, which the natives call the year of the earthquakes, and lilled up by the rivers of burning lava that flowed into it from a vofcano; fo that houfes are now built where (hips formerly lay at anchor j yet veffcls come there in the Cummer fealon. The earth- quake began on the 24th of December ; and in the (pace of three hours 39 fliocks were felt. After this they became fo violent as to caufe all the houfes to (hake, and oblige the inhabitants to abandon them. The con- fternation became univerfal, and the people, with the bilhop at their head, made proceflions and public prayers in the open fields. On the 31ft a great lighc was obferved on Manja, towards the White Mountaina, where the earth opening, two volcanoes were formed, that threw up fuch heaps of (tones, as to raife two con- (iderable mountains ; and the combuftible matter con- tinually thrown up, kindled in the neighbourliood above 50 (^rcs. Things remained in this fituatiofl till the 5th of January, and then the (iin was totally dbfcured with clouds of fmoke and flame, which continually increaf- ing, augmented the confternation and terror of the in- habitants. Before night, the whole country, for nine miles round, was in flames by the flowing of the liquid ' . fire. Til ^* ^.:L#^**^'^' 4o8 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. lire, with tlic rapiility of the torrent, into all quarters, frt)m another volcano, which had oi^cncd by at Icall thirty din'crent vents within the compaf* of half a mile. The horror of thi» fcenc waa greatly increafed by the violence of the (liotks, which never once intermitted, but by their force entirely overthrew fevcral houfea, and (hook others to their very foundations: while the wretched inhabitants were again driven defencelcfs and difmaycd into the open fields, where they every mo- ment cxpeded to be fwallowed up by fomc new gulf. The noilc of the volcano was heard at (ea at so leagues dillance, where the fca iliook with fuch violence as alarmed the mariners, who ac firft thought the (hip had (\ruck upon the rock. Mean whUc a torrent of ful- phur, and melted ores of different kinds, rufhed from this lall volcano towards (luimar, where the houfes and public buildings were thrown down by the violence of the accompanying Ihoi ks. On the 2nd of February another volcano broke out even in the town of Guimar, which fwallowed up a large church. Thus from the 24th of December to the 23d of February, the people were conllantly alarmed by continual Hiocka of earth- quakes, ami the terrible volcanoes that bur(l forth in different parts. The town of Garrachica, is ftill pretty large, iind contains fevcral churches, and convents of both fcxcs. it has a fmali trade for brandy and wine, which are ufually fcnt froni thence in barks, or large open Iwars, to Sii.iiu Cruz, or Fort On>tava. Strong and durable ffiips are alfo built there, fome of which arc upwards of three hundred tons burthen. Six miles ro the calhvard of this phcc (lands the town of Ptirt Orotava, which is a gooi.1 harbour in the liimnur feaCon, but in the v inter, fliipsarc often oli'.igfd to Hip their cables and put to fei, for fc.ir of bcui^; furprized with a N. W. wind, which throws in a heavy lea upon this ccKiff. This is a place of cgnlidcrabic trade, it having flouriffied greutly fincc the dcllruction of the harbour of (jarrachica. It, contains two churches, two c<'n\'nt.s of fiiars, two of nuns, and foine gooii private buiUi-ngs. At each end of the town is a black fandy hay; arul along the nor- thcrnmoft a low ffone wall, built to prevent the landing of an enemy : at the other bay is a (mail cafflc, or fort, for the fame purpofc, and at the landing pKice between them is a battery of a few cannon: but the furf that continually breaks upon the ffiorcis the beft defence of this port. About three miles from hence within land is la \'illa dc Orotava, which is a large town, and con- tains fcveral churc hcs, and convents, with a number of ffatcly ffoncbuililings belonging to private perfons. A rivulet w hich runs through the midff of it, refreJhes their gardens and orchards, and fupplics the inl»abitants V itii water. Ihe city of St. Chriffobal dc la Lagona, that is, St. t;hriffopher of the lake, extends four miles within land t'rom Santa Liiiz. The road to it from the above town ):. a pretty rttep afcent, till within a fmall dillancc of tlic city, which is feated in the corner of a plain, about four miles in length, and a mile in breadth. This city is the capital of the illand, and contains two parilh churches, three convents of friars, two of nuns, and three hofpitals; twoof which arc for the venereal dif- cafe, and the other for foumilings. The jefuits have alfo a houfe here, and, beljdes thefe public ftrudures, there ^rc many handlbmc private buildings. The water drank hy the inhabitants isconvcycd introughs to thecity.from ihe mountains (ituated to the fouthward of th« plain. In this city there is not the leall fliew of bufincfs, it being chiefly inhabited by thegcniryof the ifland,par- .ticuSrly the officers of ju(tice, with the judge of the .Indies, who preiides in the India-Houfe, where all affairs -relating to the Weft-Indis commerce arc condudled. ■Here is likcwifc an office of inquifftion fubjed to the •tribiuial of the holy office of Grand Canariai yet the .cityappcar»«oaftrangcr as ifdefolatcand uninhabited; .tbrfeldoiwany-onccanbcfccn in the (\rects, and grafs -grow* in the moft frequented places. There is « la- •guna, or lake, behind thccity, about half a mile in cin- , •: cumfcrencc, from which the city takes its name. It is | ■jjjiy jjii ("unan^r, but in winter ia (ujl of -ftagnant water. ■.■;..' » As thii city is fituatcd on a plain, elevated a confidcrable height above the fea, it is extremely cold in winter, and in all fcafons cxpofed to the wind. The road dcfccnds, from the weftern extremity of this plain, to La Mon. tanzade Centejn, a large iilage in the midway between Sunca L'ruz anil Port Orotava, chiefly inhabited by pea. fants ami labouring people. Some of the towns are lituatetlat no great dimmce from the fea, fromwhciuc molt of them may be feen j and, indeed, there arc no habitations at a greater diffance from each other than nine miles. A large town, called Kealojo, is fituatcd in the wellern border, and La Kambia on the eaflcm. The tow ns of Orotava, and Port Orotava, ffood between them, with a number of detached inhabitants, fcattcrcd about from the fea (liore upwards to the clouds, in, or beyond which, there arc no houfes j yet the clouds are nut higher than the middle di(\ancc between the fca and the fummit of the (>ike. The whole ifland continue* to rife on all fides front the fea till it terminates in the pike, which, as we have obfcrved, is in the center. The north llde is the mult fertile, and afcends more gradually than the other, par- ticularly a (pace along the (hore about three leagues broad, bounded on the tides by high mouniaiDs or ra-, ther cliff's; but it riles upwards from the fea, like a hanging garden, till you come within 3 miles of the clouds, without anv confiderablc intervention of hills and valleys. All the fertile ground, within a league of the fea, is covered with vines; com grows in the next league; and in the third, (onie corn, woods of chef- nuts, and many other different forts of trees. Above thefe woods are the clouds, which, in fine weather, gene- rally defiend gradually towards the evening, and reft upon thefe woods till the morning, when they re- afcend about a le.igue, aiv.1 there remain till the fuc- ceedingevemng. There are fevcral other towns, and many fmall villages bclides the towiu already men- tioned. This ilknd is fb populous, that, when the lad account was taken, it contained no lefs than 96,000 perfons, and is fuppofcd to contain as many fouls as all the reff of the innabited iffands. The city of L.agima, which ffands near a lake, about nine miles from the fea, is the principal place in Tcnc- riff^e: it i( called by the Spaniards St. Chriftoval de la I^igua-i, and is haiwifomely built, having two parilh churches, and a palace for the governor, who relides here. The aldermen of this city pay a price to the king to I'erve their offices of magiffrai.es ; but this give* them great iiowcr ovi:r the inhabitants, who are divided into three clairci, namely, gentlemen, merchants, and hulbamlmen, or as they are termed by the nai. , idle- men, bufy men,and labouring men. The laml >:: each iidc of the road, leading to Laguna, is, in general, rocky, but fomc fpots of corn-land arc interfperlcd here and there, and terminated by fmall vineyards on the (ides of the mountains. This city prcfents the be- holder with an agreeable proTpctff, as it (tandsoit tht fide of a hill, and ff retches its (kirts on the plain be- hind: it is large, compad, and populous: thehoufci, though not uniform, have a pleafant appearance; be- fides the governor's houfc, and the two pariffi churches, here arc two nunneries, four convents, an hofpital, and fomc ch.apcls, betides many gentlcmcns hrHifes. The convents are thofe of St. Francis, St. Auguftinc, St. Dominic, and St. Diego. The churches have pretty high fqiiarc ffecplcs, which top the rcrt of the build- ings. The l\rects arc not regular, yet they arc for the moff part fpacious, and near the middle of the town is a large parade, which has good buildings about it. There is a ff rong prifon on one (idc of it, near which it a large conduit of good water that fupplics all the town. Tbc inhabitants have many gardens th.it are feC round with orange, lime, and other fruit trees, in the middle of which arc (towers, fallading, &c. iuid indeed, if the people were curious this way, ^hcy might have vcry> pleafant gaiticns: for the town (hindf high from the.(ca^onthebrowof a, plain that is all open to the eaff, bnuhns confcqwcBtly the benefit of the trade wind, which blows here, And iscomtnonly fair: fo that there are fcldoin wantiiig, at this town, all the day, brifk, cooling. COOK'S THIRD a.vi LAST VOYAGh— lo the I'ACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 409 cooling, rcfrcfhin^ brcc/.c*. There is i\ larj^c plain on the luck of the town, three or four It agues in length, aiidtwo miles broail, proilucinj^ !i thuk, kindly grafs. On theeafHitle isa laKcof frclii water; but, bcin^ (bg- n.int, It is only ufeel for cattle : it i.i about half a mile in ciremiiferent e. Ihc anticnt inhabitants of Tencrilfc were called Gtiaiuhes, but their uri^jin is not certainly known: they wire, ami the rcniaiiulcr of them Ifill are without li- terature; but rhiir lan>>;uagc, which llill remains among the reniivint ol them, bears (bme affinity to that of the Mours III Harbiiry; it was formerly very (?iittural, and entiiely diHiieni from that iifed in the other illantls. They were of good (hitiire, well made, and had tolcr- nWe complexions, but thofe who dwelt on the north ' If (if the iflaiid were much fairer, and had lighter huir than thole in tlu South. Thcfe people had Ionic notion of a deity, and held, that there is a firprcme i)ower, whiihthe% diltin^uiflied by the names ot Ach- i^iiarergenaii, Achorniv and Achaman, which lignify the fullainer of the Ihmviii* :ind the earth. They alio m\\ the titlesof the ; rear, thefublime, the maintainer of :iil: l)otthcvdid not worlhip idols, nor had any ima- cfi of the deity, 'll-.ey believed that (Jod 1 begins, and continues till feven or eight in the morning, when it is followed by a calm, which iafts till the lea brce/.c returns. In the bay of Santa Cm/, and on all the I", fide of the illand, the fta ureey.c cnmniot:'y blows at Li. and tiic land wind at W. On thcN. fide, the lea bree/e blow s at N ' by K. or N. K. and the land * ind directly opjyifite t. but there noland wind -t Point Nago, where tlu ind ftrctchi towards the N K. fai into the fea. At tl. hrow ofthe hill.il)o\e Sam.. Cruz, and at the city of Li^'una, a frefh p,i!c blows from the N. W. '1 the time of the fni Madeira; but after four years of age it becomes I I'wcet and mcllo v as to rcliiiibic the wineof .Malaga 111 Spain. This, like all the other Ca- nary idandi. alliirds orchilla weed in great plenty. The dragon tree, aloe, and pine, ire natives of Tenc- rilfc. The apricot, peach, and p ar-trecs, bear twice annually. The prcgr.ada. Union, and lignar wood,'are IVmnd here, as arc the cotvon-lluub and e()lo(|iiiniida. The rolf blows at Chrillmas: the tarnations aie large and fine, but tulips will not thri\c. The rocks abound with famphire, the meadows are coveretl with clover, •ind the bcSch proiluces a broad leaved grafs. About fourfcore cars of wheat fpring Irom one root, the j.;rains of which areas tranfparent as the nurell yellow amber j and in a good fialc 1 one biilhcl will produce a hundred fold.: the barley and maize arc not inferior to the wheat. With refpcc'l to the animals, here arc plenty of rab- bets, hogs, wild goars, &c. Quails and partridges are larger than thofe in F.ngland.and extremely haiulfoinc. Wood-pigeons, turtles, .-Ind crows, abound in the fpring. .Several forts of wild towls refort hither in the winter feafon, atliirdiiig plenty of game to the inlwbitants of Laguna. The falcons, or rather Ifiong large hawks, which hover over tho lake of I.i;^una, aio thus de- fcribed by a pcnt!> nun who lately travelled to thele illands: " I cannot fo; bear mentioning the haggard l.il- cons that foar every evening about this lake. It is very good divetlion to lee the negroes (i-iu them with iLngst for they often Hoop, levcral at a lime; and helide.s, thc\ are the bell mettled hawks in the the world, being of a larger kind than the Harbary fakon. The viceroy being one evening to !"ce the fpoit, on the author's com- ■\iending their flrengih and mettle, .iriired him upon his honour, that a lalcon bred in that nl.uul, which he had formcrl) lent to the duke of l.arina, did at one flight, (unlelii (lie refted on any fliip iiy the wav) \nU from Andalulia to T'encriH'e, which is two hundred and fifty Spanilli leagiics. and was taken up half dead, hav- ing on the valVtls and bells belonging to the duke." In this illand hdies are found in great i]uantities, particularly dolphins, (liarks, nicros, loblleis, muirets, periwinkles, the calcas, (which is deemed the bell (Iicli-. tifli in the univerfe) and the cherna. that exceed- m le- lilh any W( have in Lvngland: here is alfo anotho- lilh which is tail(.i! an eel, though wkh little jiropriety, for it has feven tals of a (pan long joined .>■ one body and one head, whu !i are nearly of the fame Vngth. Silk worms thrive exi edingly ; and bees profper in the rocks and mountains. To this account we (liall add the fol- lowing remarks of the ingenious Mr. Aiiderfon, (one of oui Ihip's company, and of whom wc have already made mention) on the natural appcaram es of Teneriifc, and its produc' -is; as what he obfervedhiiiift.lt', or learnt by informa >n, about the general llatc of die illand, may be of uic; feeing our readers may hereby be ena- bled to mark fomc ciiingt-; that have happened there linct the publication (. thr above geographical obler- vations, which arechieriy cxtra(:tcd from Mr. Mii.i.ak's ilcft-neMy muh u.imiird New an J Universal System of GliOGftAPIIY. The following are Mr, Andcrfon's jwn words, and narration. " While w c were Handing in for the land, the weather being perfectly clear, we had an opp V] 7 //a '/ Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MA;U STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 4kO Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. but little higher than the funoiinding hills. I'lom thence it I'cenis to dccieafc, though not fuddcnly, as far as the eye can reach. From a fuppofition that \vc Ihould not ftay above one day, I was obliged to con- trad my cxcurlions; othcrwilb I had propofcd to vifit the top of this famous mountain. To the eaftwardof Santa Cm/., the illand appears pcrfcdly barren. Ridges of hills run towards the fca; between which ridges arc deep valleys, terminating at mountains or hills that run a( rofs, and arc higher 'han the former. Thofe that run towards the Tea, are marked by imprefTions on their lidcs, which makes them appear as a fuccellion of conic hills.with their tops very rugged. The higher ones that run acrofs are more uniform in their appearance. " In the forenoon of the firft of Augull^, after we had anchored in the road, I went on fhorc to one of thcfe valleys, with an intention to reach the top of the re- moter hills, which feemed covered with woods; but time would not allow me to get farther than their foot. After walking about three miles, 1 found no alteration in the appearance of the lower hills; which produce great quantities of the Euphorbia Canarienlis. It is furpriling that this large fucculent plant (hould thrive en fo burnt up a foil. When broken, which is caiily done, the quantity of juice is very great ; and it might be fuppoftd that, when dried, it would Ihrivti to nothing : yet it is a pretty tough, though li)ft and light wood. The people here believe its juice to be focaufbc, as to corrotic the tkin ; but I convinced them, though with nuu h dilnculty, to the contrary, by thruiling my finger in a j:lan: full of it, without afterwards wiping it oti". liicy break down the bufhes of the Euphorbia, and fuffcring them to dry, carry them home lor fuel, I met with nothmgtlfe growing there, but two or three fmall Ihrubs, and a few lig-trecs near the bottom of the valley. 'I'hc balls of the hills is a heavy coiiipai.'t blueilh lione, mixed with fomc fliining particles; and, on the furface, large malles of red friable earth, or (lone, are fcattercii about. I alfo found the fomc I'ub- llancc difpol'cd in a thick ft rata ; and the little caith ftrewcd here and there, was a blackifti mould. There were alfo fume pieces of Hag; one of which, from its weight and fmooth furtace, feemed almoft wholly mc- tallmc. The mouldering ftatc of thcfc hills is, doubt- Icfs, owing to the perpetual adion of the fun, which calcines their furface. This mouldered part being aft.'ruard.s waftud away by the heavy rains, perhaps is the caufc of their liiles being fo uneven. For, ;>» the ditlcrcut i'ubllanccb of which tbcy arc compofcd, are more oriel-. Lufiiy alferted by the fun's heat, they will l)c carried away in the like proportions. Hence, pcr- Iia[)s, the tops ot the hills, being of the hardcft rock, ha\c ftoud, wiiile the other parts on a declivity have hc(.n deftroyed. .\s 1 have ufually obfer%'cd, that the lops of moi'r mountains that are covered with trees have a more unitorm appearance, I am inclined to believe, that this is ow ing to their being ftiaded. " The city of Santa Cruz, though not large, is tole- rably well built. The cnurchcs arc not magnificent without; but w ithin arc desent, and indift'ercnily or- rumentcd. They are inferior to fomc of the churches at iVladcira: but, 1 imagine, this rather arifcs from the dift'crcnt difpolition of the peoph, than from their in- ahilitv to fupportthem better: for the private houfcs, and drels of the Spanilh inhabitants of Santa Cruz, are far preferable to thofe of the Portugueze at M.ideira, who, perhaps, are willing to ftrip thcmfelves, that they mav adorn their churches. " Almoft facing the ftone pier, at the laiiding-placc, is a handfome marble column, lately put up, orna- mented with fomc human figures, that do no difcrcdit to the artift, with an infcription in Spanifti, and the date, to commenjorate the occalion of thccrcdion. «• IViday the 2nd, in the afternoon, four of us hired jiuilcs to ride to the city of Laguna, fo called from an adjoining lake ; about four miles from Santa Cruz. Wc arrived there about (ix in the evening, but found a fight of it very unable to comncnfate for our trouble, as the road was very bad, and the mules but indif- ferent. The place is, indecdj pretty cxtcBlivc, but fcarccly deferves to be dignified with the name of city. " The difpolition of its ftrects is very irregular; yet fomc of them arc of a tolerab'e breadth, and have feme good houfes. In general, however, Laguna is inferior in appearance to Santa Cruz, though the latter, if com. pared w ith the former, is but fmall. The road leading from Santa Cruz to Laguna runs up a fteep hill, which is very barren ; but lower down, we faw fomf; vuMrccs and fevcral corn-fields. Thcfe laft are but f;nail, and not thrown into ridges, as is prac'liced i i England. Nor does it appear that they can raife any corn here* w ithout great labour, as the ground is fo encumbered with ftones, that they are obliged to colleit and lay them in broad rows, or walls, at fmall diftances. The large hills that run to the S. W, appeared to be pretty well furniflied with trees. Nothing elfe worthy of notice prcfentcd itfelf during this excurfion, except a few aloe plants in Hower, near the fide of the road, and the chearfulncfs of our guides, who amufed us with fongs by the way. Moft of the laborious wcrk in this illand is performed by mules, horfes being to ap- pearance fcarcc, and chiefly refcrvcd for the ufe of Llie otlicers. They are of a finall fize, but well Ihaped uiiJ. fjiiritcd. Oxen are alio employed to drag their calks along upon a clumfy piece of wood ; and they are yoked by the head, though it doth not feem, tlut this has any peculiar advantage over our method of lixing the harncfs on the flioulders. In my walks and excurlions 1 faw fome hawks, parrots, the tern or fea- fwallow, fca-gulls, partridge-;, wagtails, fwallows; martins blackbirds, and canary-birds in large Hocks. There are alfo liiards of the common, and andthcr fort; fomc infeds and locufts ; and three or four lijrts of dragon Hies. " I had an opportunity of converfing with a fenlible and well informed gentleman refiding here, and whofc veracity 1 have not the leaft realbn to doubt. From him t learnt fomc particulars, which during the lliort ftay of three days, did not fall within my own obfcrva- tion. He informed me, that a ftirub is common here, agreeing exadly with the dcfcription given by Tournc- fbrt and Linnaiis, of the tea ftirub, as growing in China and Japan. It is reckoned a weed, and he roots out thoulands of them every year, from his vineyards. The Spniards, however, of the illand, fometimcs ufc it as tea, and afcribc to it all the qualities of that im- ported from China. They alfo give it the name of tea ; but what is remarkable, they fay it was found here when the ifland was firft difcovercd. Another bota- nical curiolity, mentioned by hin, is what they call Prcj^nada, or impregnated Icmoa, It is a perfedami diftmc^ lemon, inclofcd within another, diftcring fro!» the outer one only in being a little more globular. The leaves of the tree that produces this fort, are much longer than thofe of the common one ; and it was tc- prefentcd to nic as being crooked, and not equal in beauty. From bin. I learnt alfo, that a certain fort of grape grow ing here, is reckoned an excellent rcnicily in phthilical complaints: and the air and climate, in general, are reiwarkably healthful, and particularly adapted to give relief in fuch difcafcs. This he en- deavoured to account for, by its being always in our power to procure a different temperature of the air, h\- rclidingat dilfercnt heights in the illand; and he ex- prelfed his furprize. that the Englifli phylicians ftiould never have thought of lending their confuinptivc pa- tients to Tcncritl'e, inftead of Nice or Lifbon. Flow much th^* temperature of the air varies here, 1 myftif could fenlibly perceive, only in riding from .Santa Cnii up to I .aguna ; and you may afcend till the cold be- comes intolerable. I am alfured no pcrfon can live comfortably within a mile of the perpendicular height of the Fie, after the month of Auguft. This agrees with Dr. I leberden's account, who fays, that the fugar- loaf part of the mountain, or la pericofa (as it is calkil) which is an eighth part of a league, (or 1980 feet) to the top, is covered with ftiow tnc greatell part of the I " Their trade ixwifi bi fuppofed very confulcrihic indeed; i|f»!,!,wim,«l,««W COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PAClFiC OCEAN, &c. 411 indeed; for they reckon that 4O1OCX) pipes of wine nrc annually madej tic greateft part of which is cither confumeil in the idandj or made into brandy, and fcnt to the Spanifh WclV Indies. AboUt 6000 pipes were exported every year to North America, while the tt'ade with it was uninterrupted J at prefent it is thought not halfthe quantity." Our readers will here pliiaie to obferve, that in the foregoing account given by Mr. Miliar, in his New Sy^em of Geography, the niirtiber of inhabitatits in TencrilVe are cornpiitcd at nolefs than q6,oqo. ^ow wc may reafonably fuppofe, thnt there has been a confiderable increafc of population w Ithin thcfe •JO years. The quantity of wine annually con- fumed, as the common beverage of at leaft 100,000 perfons, mud amount to feveral thoufand pipes. There mult be a vaft expenditure of it, by convii'rfion into brandy ; to produce one pipe of whi(l\ five or (ix pipes of «inc mull be dillilled. An attention to thefe par- ticulars will enable every one to judge, that the account jrjvcnby Mr. Anderfon of the annual produce of pipes ofwinchasa foundation in truth. This gentlctiian jToes on to obferve, " That they make little lilk; and, uiilcfs we reckon the filtering ttones, brought in great numbers from Grand Canary, the wine is the only confiderable article of the foreign commerce of Te- ncrille. " None of the race bf the family of the Guanches, or anticnt inhabitants, found here when the Spaniards dif- co\crcd the Canaries, now remain a diltinct people, having intermarried with theSpanilh fettlers ; but their dtfcemiants are known, from their being remarkably tail, large boned, and II rong. The men are, in generai, of a tawny colour, and the women have a pale com- ulcxion, entirely delUtute of that bloom which dif- tini'iiilliLS our northern beauties. The Spanidi cullom of wearing black clothes continues among them ; but the men fecni morcindilTerent about this, and in Ibme nicafure drcfs like the French. In other refpeds, we found the inhabitant* of Tenerifte to be a (k( ent and vcr)' civil peojile, retaining that grave cad which dif- tinguillics thofe of their country from other Kuropcan nations. Although, concludes Mr. Anderfon, we do not think, that there is a great funilarity between our manners and thofe of the Spaniards, it is worth obferv- ini;, that Omiah did not think there was tnuch dif- fcrenoc. He only laid, that they feemed not fo friendly as the Engl ifli: and that, in their perfons, they ap- nroaihcJ thofe of his countrymen." Wc lliall now, as propofed, proceed to the relation rfa loiirncy up the Pike of TencrilVe, undertaken and ptrloriucd bv Mr. (Jlafs, author of that valuable work, ciKuloJ, the 1 lillory of the Canary lilands. This gen- tliiiiin begins his narrative with informing us, that, " Kaily in the month of September 1 761, at about four in liu' alurnoon. he fet out on horfeback, in company ni!h the m:dUr of a Ibip to vilit the Pike. They had with ihcm a fervant, a muleteer, and a guide ; and, after iil'cciiding alxivc fix miles, arrived towards fun fet at the nioll dillant habitation from the Tea, which is in a hollow : here finding an aquediid of oi>cn troughs that convey watLr down from the head of the hollow, their fervants watered the cattle, and filled foinc fmall barrels to fervethem in their expedition. " The gentlemen here alighted, and walking into the liollow, found it very pleafant, as it abounded with manv tiws of an odorifi-rous fmell ; and fomc fields of malz or Indian corn are near the houfes, On their mounting again, thcy travelled for fome time up a ftccp road, and reached the woods and clouds a little before night. Thcy could not mils their way, the road being bounded on both lides with trees or bullies, which were chicHy laurel, favine, and brufliwood. Having travelled about a mile, they came to the upper edge of the wood, above the clouds, where alighting, they made a fire, and fiH^pcd ; foon after which, they laid dowii to fleep under the bufhcs. About half au hour after ten, the moon fliining bright, they mounted again, travelled fiowly two hours through nn exceeding bad road, refembling the ruins of ftonc buildings fcattcrcd over the fields. I " Aftertheyhad paflcd ovcrthis road, theycame upon finall light pumice-flone, like fiiingles ■, upon which thcy rode at a pretty good pace for near an hour. The air now began to be pretty ftiarp and piercing; and the wind blew ftrong from the fouth-wellward. Their guide advifed them to alight here, as the place was convenient, and reft till about four or five in the morn- ing. To this thcy agreed, and entered the cave, the mouth of which was built up to about a man's height, to ex( iddc the cold. Near this place were fomc dry withered rctnmas, the only flirub or vegetable noar the cave, .-ind with thefc thcy made a great fire to warm themfelves, and then fell aflccp; but were foon awaked by an itching occafioncd by a cold thin air, want of relt, and flecping in their cloaths. They here paflcd aw.iy their time as well as they could ; but while they crept near the fire, one fide was almoft fcorched, and the other was benumbed with cold. At about five in the morning they mounted again, and travelled llowly about a mile j for the road was rather too fleep for travelling (juickon horfeback, and their bcalh were now fatigiiai, " At lafb thcy came among fome great loofc rocks, where was a kind of cottage built c( loofc flones, called thcluiglifii pitching place, probably from fome of the Kiigliih rclling here on their way to viut the pike; tor none take that journey but foreigners and fomc poor people who earn their bread by gathering brim- ftonc. There they alighted again, the remainder of their way being too Itccp for riding, and left one of the fervants to look after the horfcs, while thcy pro- ceeded on their journey, Thcy walked hard to get thenirelvcs warm; but were foon fatigued by the ficcp- ncfs of the road, which was loofc andVandy. On tlieir reaching the top of this hill, thcy came to a prodifrioiis number cif l.-rgc and loofc ftoncs, or rocks, whole fiirlaccs were Hat, and each of them about ten feet every vay. '• This road was lefs ftecp than the othcTj but thcy were obliged to travel a confiderable way round, to leap over the rocks, which were not clofc to each other. Amon^ them is a cavern, in which is a well, or natural rcfervoir, into w hich thcy defcended by a ladder placed there by the poor people for that purpofe. This cavern is very fpacious, it being almofl 10 yards wide, and twenty in height ; but all the bottom, except jufi at the foot of the ladder, is covered with water, which is about two fathoms deep, and was then frozen towards the inner edges of the cave ; but when they attempted to drink of it, its exceflivc coldnefs pre- vented them. " After travelling about a quarter or half a mile upon the great ftones, thcy reached the bottom of the real pike or fiigtr-lo.tf, which is exceeding fteep, and the difficulty of afccnding it increafcd, and was rendered more fatiguing by the ground being loofe and giving way under their feet; for though this eminence is not above Haifa mile in height, they were obliged to ftop and take breath near thirty times; and when they at lart reached the top, being quire fpcnt with fatigue, they lay about a quarter of an hour to recover their breath, and reft tliemfclves. " In the morning, when they left the Englifli pitch- ing place, the fun was jurt emerging from the clouds, which were fpread under them at a great diflance be- low, and appeared like the ocean. Above the clouds, at a vail diflance to the north, thcy perceived fomc- thing black, which they conjectured to be the top of the illand of Madeira, and, taking the bearings of it by a jwckct compafs, found it to be exactly in the direc- tion of that ifland from Tcneriffe, but bcfbre thcy reached to the tops of the pike, it difappeared. Thcy could neither perceive Lancerota nor Fuertevcntura from this place, they licing not high enough to pierce the clouiis ; though they could fee from hence the tops of the illands of Grand Caiiaria, Hiero, Palma, and Go- mcra, which feenud to be quite near. " After relting tor fomc time, they began to obferve the top of the pike, which is about I40 yards in length and 1 10 ill bre.iJth, It is hollow, and fliaped like an :" ' ' inverted X>^M»»^' 412 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. invcrtixl bell. From the edges of this bell, or cauldron, as it is called by the natives, it is about 40 yards to the bortoin, and in many parts of this hollow, they obferved fmokc and lleams of fulphur ifTuing forth in puRs ; and the heat of the ground in particular places was (0 great, as to penetrate through the foles of their fliocs to the feet. On obferving fome fpots of «arch, or foft clay, they tried the heat with their fin- gers, but could not thruft them in farther than half an inch; for the deeper they went, the hotter it was. They then took tlit"ir guide's ftaff, and thruft it about three inches deep into a hole or porous place, where the fmoki: fecmcd thickcft; and having held it there about a minute, drew it out, and found it burnt to a charcoal. They gathered here many pieces of moft curious and beautiful brimftone of all colours, par- ticularly an azure blue, violet, fcarlct, green, and yellow. " The cloudsbcncath them, which are at a great dif- tanre, made from hence a very extraordinary appear- ance: they fecmcd like the ocean, only the furfacc was not quite Co blue and fmooth, but had the rcfemblance of white wool ; and where this cloudy ocean, as it may be calleti, touched the mountain, it fecmed to foam like billows brcakin<; on the Ihore. When they afccndcd through the clouds, it was dark; but when they after- wards mduntcii again, between ten and eleven o'clock, and the moon (hone bright, the clouds were then below ihcii), and ahf ut a mile diftant. They then iniftook them for tht ocean, and wondered at feeing them {6 near; ncr did ihty difcovcr their miftake till the fun arofe. Whin they pafltd through the clouds, in de- fccnding fiom the pike, they appeared as a thick f»g or mill, rcrcmbiiiig ihofe frequently feen in England; with which all the trees of the wood and their cloaths were wetted. " TIic air was thin, cold, and piercing oii the top of the pike, like the fouth-cafterly winds felt in the great dcfart of .Africa. In afccnding the fugdr loaf, which is very lUcp, their hearts panted and beat violently, and, as hath Iccn already obferved, they were obliged to reft above thirty times to take breath ; and this was probably as much ow ing to the thinnefs of the air caufing a dif- ficulty of rcfpi ration, as to the uncommon fatigue they fuficred in climbing the hill. Their guide, who was a thin, adivc old man, was far from being afl'cctsd in the lame manner; but climbed up with cafe like a goat; for he was one of the poor men who earn their living by gathering brimftone in the cauldron and other vol- canoes, the pike itfelf being no other, though it has burned for fome years; for the fugar-loaf is entirely coirpofcd of earth mixed with alhcs and calcined ftoncs, thrown out of the bowels of the earth, and the ^rtat fquarc ftoncs bcl()rc defcribed, were probably thrown out of the cauldron, or hollow of the pike, w hen an eruption happened. " After they had furvtycd every thing worthy of no- tice, they dcfcended to the place w here their horfes were left, which took them up only half an hour, though they were about two hours and a half in afcending. It was then about ten in the morning, and the fun flione fo < xceetlingly hot, as to ohiijic them to flieltcr in the cot- tage, anil being extreme!) l.itigued, they laid tlown in f>rdcr to deep J hut wore prevented by tlic cold, which ^' as fo intenii; in liie Ih.ide, that they were obliged to kiniilc a lire to keep thenilelves warm. After this, when tliey had taken fome rcpolc, they mounted ihcir horfes about noon, and liefeciuiuig by the fan)e way they went up.caiar to i'omc pines, lituatcd about two miles above the clouds. Between ihel'c pines and the pike, no herb, Ihrub, tree, or "ra's can grow, except the before-men- tioned ret a mas. " ,\t about live in the evening they arrived . tOro- tis.i, 110! ha\iri^aliL;hredby the way to ftop.only i">me- tmics to walk w here the road was tmi ftccp for riding, 'i'ne whole dilhuuc they rode in the five hours fpcnt in tava, they computed to be about 115 Englilh miles, tra- conuni' •.iu'.ui lron» the l.tifj^iiih pitching-place toOro • • ■ ■ " ,i,[, - NeiliU}.; .It the r.u.' ol three miles an hour. " Our author liippoles, the perpendicular height of 1 thcEnglifli pitchingplaceto be about fourl-inglifli ni'ia and adding to that a mile of a perpendicular height from thence to the pike, obfervcs, that the whole will be about five Englilh miles, and that he is vcrj certain he cannot be miftaken in this calculation above a mile either way." But Mr. Glafs may here probably be millaken, owing perhaps to his not uling any infhu- ments proper for afcertaining the cxad altitude of this mountain, which is much higher than either the Alps or the higheft part of the Andes, according to this cal- culation. Dr. T. Heberden makes its height, ahovc the level of the fca, to be 1 51.^96 Englifli tc';t; ami fays, that this was conlirmed by two fubfequcnt obfcr. vations by himfclf, and another made by Mi-. Crolli* the Conful. The Chevalier dc Borda, coniniandcr of the French frigate, now lying with the Refokition in the road of Santa Cruz, was employed, in cnnjimcticn with Mr. Varila, a Spanifli gentleman, in makin"-allro. nomical obfervations for afcertaining the goiu'Mif two time-keepers w hich they had on board their flifp. The chevalier meafured the heiglit of the pike, but makes it to be only 19JI French toifcs.or 12,340 Knglilh tcit. If our readers are dcfirous of more particulars refpcct- ing the above fubjcds, they may find them in Sprat's Hiftory of the Royal Society, p. 200, &c. Hi(h)ry of the Canary iflands by Glafs, p. 252, 6>:c. Fhilofopliical Tranfadion.s, vol. XLVII. p. 35;!,&c. and Dr. I'oif. ter's Obfervations during a v.'yage round the world, p. 32. — Proceed we now to the hiflory of our voyacc. On Sunday, the 4th of .Auguft, having taken on boaid our water, and other nccellary articles, we wti<'hid anchor, and failed from the ifland of Tcncrille wuh a fine frefli gale at N. E. between this day and the tenth, our experienced Commander difcovcred his uAuil at- tention and pircntal care, refpcding both the elifeipline, andhcalthofour company; iiirin this interval the man. ncrs were cxcrcifed at the great guns and fmall arir.s, and the Refokition was twice fiuoaked and clcanfed be- tween decks. On Saturday the loth, at nine o'clock P. M. we defcricd the illard of Bonavilh, bearing S. diftant one league; at which time we thought ourlehcs to have been much tiuther otf. We too foon were made fenfibleof our miilake; for after hauling to tliccartward, to clear the funken rocks th.at lie near the S. E. point of the illand, we found ourfelvcs clofe upon them, and br.rely weathered the breakers. Our fituation was, Ibr a lew minuics, fo very critical and alarming, that cap- tain Cook would not permit usto founel, as by fo eioim; we might have inciralt-d the danger, without anv jxilli- bility of IcHening it. Having cleared the nxk-s, «c held on a S. S. W. courfe till day break on the nth, when we fleered between Bonavilla and Mayo, to the weftward, with the view of looking into Port Praya for the Difcovcry, as captain Clcrke had been iiitiiruud of our intention to touch at that port, and we knew not how foon he might follosv us. At one o'clock P. M we came in fight of the rocks S. W. of lionavilhi, hear- ing S. E. diltant three leagues; and on Monday the 12th, at fix o'clock, A. M. the ille of Mayo bore- S. S. E. diftant five leagues. We now fouiuieel, and found ground at 60 fathoms. At eleven one extreme of Mayo bore E. by N. and the other S. P.. by S. In this llation two globular hills appeared near its N. E. part; farther on, a large and higher hill; and about two thirds of its length, a lingle one that is [x-aked. We were now at the dillance ol three or lour nule.s tjont this ifland, at which we faw not thelcaft appciraneeof vegetation; nor did any other object prcleiu itfelf to our view, but that lifelefs brown, fo common in un- woodcd countries under the torrid zone. Durintj our continuance among the Cape dc Verde iflands, we had gentle breezes of wind, varying from the S. I'., to R and fome calms; from whence wc may comlude, that they arc either cxtenlivc enough fo break the cur- rent of the trade wind, or that they are lituatcd jiift hf- yond its verge, in that fpacc where the variable winds, found on approaching the line, begin. At this time we had fultry and hot weather, attended with rain, and, for the moft part the fky was tinged with a thick white- ncfs, without any tranfparcncy, a kind of medium be tween COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 413 tweeti fogs and clouds. Indeed, the tropical climates fcldom have that bright, clear atmofRherc, obfervablo where variable wimis blow; nor docs the fun ihine with its full fplcndor; if it did, perhaps its rays, being un- interrupted, would occalion an infupportable heal throughout the day ; as to the nights, they arc often remarkably clear and fercnc. 4 . .- On Tuefday the i.jth, at nine o'clock, A. M. wc were abreaft of Port Praya, in the idand of St. Jago. of which in former voyages a vf ry particular and full tlcfcription has been given. At this place two Dutch £all India flups, and a fmall brigantine were at an- chor; but the Difcovery not being there, and having expended but a fmall quantity of our waitr, in our run from Tenerirte, wcdiil not go in, but flood to the fouth- «ard. We had loft the N. E. trade wind, the day jfrcrwe left the Cape dc Verd iflands; and on Friday the ^oth, fell in with that which blows from the S. E. being then in 2 deg. N. latitude, and in 25 dcg. W. lon- eitude. The wind, during this fpacc ot tmie, was moftly in the S. W. quarter. It generally blew a gcntlc brec7.e, but fometimcs frelh. and in fqualls. We had lew calms and thofe of fliort continuance. Between the latitude of 1 2 dcg. and 7 dcg. N. the weather was very gloomv, and frequently rauiy ; which lart circum- ftancc was an advantage to us, as wc were enabled to favc as much water as filled moft of our empty cafks. Every bad confequcnce is to be apprehended from thefc rains and thcclofe fultry weather with which they are .I'ccoi'v.panied. Commanders of ftiips ought therefore arcfullv to purify the air between decks with fires and fmoke, and to oblige the people to change their cbaths at every opportunities ; which prefervatives of health, with others mentioned in the two former voyages, were contlan.'lyufcd by captain Cook. On the 14th inftant , fire was made in the well, to air the (hip below: on the 15th, the fparc fails were aired upon deck, and a lire made to air the fail room: on the 1 7th cleaned and fniokcd between decks, and aired the bread room with fires; on the 21ft cleaned and fmoked between decks: and on the 22nd, the mens bedding was fpread on the deck to air. We enioyed the falutary eik-as of thefc precautions in a high degree, having fewer lick than on lither of captain Cook's preceding voyages. Our (hip. however, was verv leaky in all her upper works. The fultry weather had opened her feams, that had been badly caulked.fowide.that the rain water pafled through as it fell. By the water that came in at the lides of the Refolution, the oHicers in the gun-room were driven from their cabins, and fcarcely a man co»kl he dry in his bed. The fails in the fail-room alfo got wet, lo that when the weather became favourable to dry them, wc found many much damaged, and a great expcncc of canvas and of time became ncceflary to make them fer- viceable. As foon as wc had fettled we.-ither.the caulkers were employed to repair thefe defects; but the Captain would not trult them over the fidcsof the (hip while we were at fca; being always more attentive to the prefer- ».ition of the health and lives of his company, than to temporary mconvcnicnces and hardfhips. On Sunday, the 1 d of September, in longitude 27 deg. ^S min. \V. with a line g:»lc at S. K. by S. we crolTed the equator; and the afternoon was fpcnt in per- forming the ridiculous ceremony of ducking thofe who had not paired the line before; a cuftom we have clfe- whcre defcribed, and therefore think it fulhcicnt juft to niemion it in this place. On the 8th we obfervcd in latitude 8 deg. 57 min.S. a little to the fouilnvard ot Cape Auguftine, on the coaft of Bra/.il; and con- eluded that wc could not now be farther oil from the continent than thirtv leagues at moft. and, perhaps not much Icfs, as wc had neither foundings, nor any other \m\i of land. Wc held on our courfe without any re- markable occurrence, till the 6th of Odobcr, being Sunday, when, in latitude 35 deg. 1$ mm. S and in 7 dre. 4? min. W. longitude, wc met with light airs and calms, alternately , for three fuccclTivc days. Wc had a few days before been vifitcd by albatrofles, pintadocs. und other petrels, and we now faw three penguins: in confcquencc of which we founded, but found no ground No. 50. with a line of 150 fathoms. Weftiot a few birds, one of which was a black petrel, about the (ize of, and nearly refcmbling, a crow. On the 8th, in the even- ing, a bird, which the failors call a noddy, fettled on our "■'.Sn'^S'^nd was taken. It was larger than a common Englidi blackbird, and ncarlyof thefamc colour, except the upper part of the head, w hich is white. It is web- footcd, has black legs and a long black bill. It is faid thefe birds never venture far from land.yctin our prefent latitude, wc knew of none nearer than Cough's or Rich- mond ifland, which could not be at a Icfi diftancc from us than one hundred leagues: but as the Atlantic o( can, fouthwardof this latitude, has been but little freqjcntcd, there may polTibly be more iflands than wc know of. It is here to be obfcrved, that in the night, wc fre- quently Cuv the appearance of thofe marine luminous animals, mentioned and defcribed in captain Cook's firft; voyage. Many of them were larger than any wc had before taken up, and fo numerous fomctirtics, that hun- dreds were vidble at the fame moment. The calm weather was fuccccdc.l by a frclh gale from the N. W. which continued two days, after which we had variable light airs for about 24 hours, when the N. W, wind re- turned with renewed ftrength. On ThurfJay the 1 7th, we came in fight of the Cape of Good Hope; and on the i8th anchored in Table Bay, in four fathoms water. After having received 'he cuftomary vifit from the maftcr attendant and ine fur- gcon. captain Cook fent an oflicer to Baron Plcttenbcrg, the governor, and, on his return, wc faluted the gariifon with 13 guns. who paid us an equal compliment. In the bay wc found two French Fart India fliips, the one out- ward, and the other homeward bound. Oneof the latterj belonging to the fame nation, had parted from her cable, and been (Iranded about three days before our arrival. The ci-ew were faved, but the (liipand cargo were plun- dered and ftolcn by the inhabitants; in extenuation of which difgraccful ad, the Dutch endeavoured to lay the whole blame on the French Captain, tor not ap- plying in time for a guard, a pica which cannot excul- pate them, when conlidered as a civilized ftatc. The boat was now ordered out, and captain Cook, attended by fome of his otlicers, went on (hore. They waited orl the Governor, the Licutcnant-goverr:'>r or the Fifcal, and the Commaiuier of the troops, by whom they were received with the greatcft civility. The Governor, in particular, promifed us in the moft polite terms every alTiftancc that the place afforded. Before captain Cook returned on board, he ordered bread, meat, vegetables^ &c. to be provided every day for the Ihip's company. By this time our numerous fubfcribcrs and readers may be anxious to know w hat is become of our confort, the Difcovery, whoiii we left at anchor, on the 1 2th of July, in Plymouth Sound, waiting tor the arrival of her commander, captain Clcrke. Wc fliall therefore, for the information of our friends, fnakc a trip to Plymouth, and attend the Difcovery in her run to Table Bay. Bv the latter end of July, this (hip being in readinefs. and every thing rtecctfary got on board, captain Clcrke gave orders to prepare for (ailing; in confequcnce of which. On the I ft of Auguft we weighed, with all fails fet, to join the Rcfblution. While our ftiip was repairing, it was obfervable. that thofe who had never been em- ployed on difcovery before, were more impatient to de- part, than thole who had already experienced the fcve- rities of a foutherrt navigation near and within the polar circle. It was diverting enough to liftcn to the ludicrous remarks of thcfc lair, on their frelh water brethren as they called them, whom they ventured to forctel, would, like the Jews in the wildernefs, be the firfl, to murmur and cry Out for the leeks and the onions of F!gypt; intimating thereby, that when thefc raw failors came among the illandsof ice in the frozen regions, to feel the effe(;h of fcanty fare and hard duty, they would then be the iirft to repent their impetuofity, and to figh for the beef and the beer of the land they were now fo defirous to leave. We proceeded w ith a britk grtlc till the 7th j when in fight of Cape Finifterrc the clouds began to darken, and the ocean to fwell, and to tlwcatcn by every appearance S M - a*. 'iJ.V^w.'fJK-fiS ^}.jJ»Jdl»^' 4>4 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. an approaching tempeft. vSevcral (hips were then in fight, and \vc could clearly difccrn that they were pre- paring as well as ourfclvcs, to meet the ftorm. For twenty-four hours it blowcd and rained inccflanily, but on the 9th a calm I'ucceedcd, which however was not of long continuance; for in the evening of the fame day it tnundcrcd, lightened, and the rain poured down in torrents. The drops were fuch as no experienced fea- man on board had fcen the like. To prevent the cft'eiifs of the lightning, ic was thought nccclFary to let fall the chain from the malt-head; a precaution which captain Gierke never omitted when there was danger from the accumulation of electrical matter in the atmofphere to be apprehended. On the 10th, fitinqa fliip to wind- ward bearing down very faft, and fulpeifting her to be an American privateer, all hands were ordered to quar- ters, to be in readinefs to engage. She proved to be a Lilbon trader, who by the violence of the gale the day before, had been driven many leagues to the veil ward ot her courfe, and was in fomc diftrefs. We fpared her thofe things of which flic flood molt in need, and pin- fued our voyage. Nothing rcmnrkablc happened till the 1 8ih, when the fliip's company were put to lliort al- lowance of water, and the flill v»;is worked to prociirc .1 fupp!/ of frefli froiii the fca. This wns occalionaliy ufed, and anfwcrcd very veil for li)me particular pui- pofcs, but was ill rcliflud by the fuilors for boiling their meat. Thel'c precautions were taken left the Rcfolu- tion flioiild ha\e left St. Jago, and the Difcovery might be obli;^filto proceed to the Cape, without being able to pnicurc a tiefli fupply. On the 19th wecrolled t'le Tropic of Cancer for the firit time, and, on the sSih, came in ligluof St Jago, bearing N W. diftant fcven leagues. \Vc bore away inflantly for the bay, and at eight in the morning made land. An olliccr was fent afliore with all fpecd to mai of mm, which fell fo heavy as to en- danger the (inking of the fliip, and, at the fame time, though in the ojjcn day. in\oIved us in a cloud of darknefs, than which nothing could be more horrible: provii'cntially the continuance of this tempeft was but fltoit: it began about nine in the morning, and before noon the whole aiinofphere was perfectly ferene, and not a fpot nor a fliade to br feen to mark the place of this elemental conliict. However in this fliort period, j)urfutTcring.-, nearly kept pace with our apprchenlions, having our main-top-gallant yard carried away in the Oings, and the fail frittered in a thoufand pieces; the jib and middle flay-fails torn clear otf, and the rtiip fo rtrained as to make all hands to the pump neceflary. The aftcrnonn was emplo)ed in repairing the damages, and difcharging the water which had been fliipped as well from the heavens, as from the fea. On the three days following, the weather continued fqually with rain; bur as we approached the line, a calm iUcceeded, and the fky became ferene ; but with a hazinelsand languor, as if the current of air, like water upon an equi()oife, moved only by its own iiiiiHilfc. Nothing could be more tedious and dil'agreeable than this calm ; but for- tunately It was of fliort continuance, September the 3 5th, at eight in the morning faw a fail, the fecond \»e had feen lincc we palTcd Cape Finiflerrc on the couft of Spain. V\^c were at this time intent on fifliing- and having hooked a fliark of an enormous fizc, both offi- cers and men were engaged in getting him on board* When he was cut up, there were lix young ones found iii his belly. Thcfe were divided amongthe oflicers,andonc was drelfed for the great cabin. The old one was eaten by the fliip's crev*-, to whom frefli meat of anf kind was now become a dainty. The weather continuing line, the Captain ordered the great guns and fmall antii to be exeicilcd, the fliip to be fmoaked, and the bed- ding to be aired. Thefc laft articles, it may be once for all nccellixry to obfei ve, were never omitted during the whole courfe of the voyage, when the weather would permit; and they arc more particularly nc- tcHary in cioning the line, as it has been obferved, that the whole woodwork between decks, in this low lati- tude, is more apt to become mouldy, and the iron to lull, than ill higher latitudes, probably owing to that lUig;',illincls in the air that has been alrcidy noticed ..iid for which nature feems to have provided a rcnitdy l>. tiK f.ti]i.i.nt lemjiefts and tornadoes, to whiuh this |.,iri oi tiic ocean is reni.irkably fubject. On the 17th, we ■ rolled the equator. The weather being Iqii.illy, the ufual ceremony sf keel-h.iulin[r the f.i.iluis who ii.ul never crolled it before, was omiucd. Oil i;ic :0Ln die wca;her became moderate, when, upon exauiiiiacion, the llui board main-trullil-tree was lound to I1C fpriing. 'I his day Cuorge Uarriloii, corporal of tlie marines, fitting earelelsly on the • owfprit, and di- vciting himfelf v^ith the fporting of the filliis, fell overboard. He was feen to fall, and the fliip was in- flantly hove to, and the boats got out w ith all polliblc expedition, but he was never again fcen to rife. His Dutch cap was taken up at the fliip's Item; and as it was known that he could fwiin as well .as any man on board, the boats made a large circuit round the fliip, in hopes to recover him, but m vain. It is remarkable, that in Captain Cook's former voyage, Henry Siiiotk, one of the carpenter's lu.itc.;, litting on the Ik'uttle, fell overboard about the fame place, and fhared the I'.inic late. Both thefe were young men, fober, ami of j^'ood cliaracteis. Their lofs was regretted by the oDxcrs,* and paiiiculr.rly fo by their comrades among the crew. It is more than probable that both were inltantly (wallowed up by the fliarks that conftantly attend the (hips. On the iftofAuguft we caught a large fliark, 10 feet long, with feveral young dolphins in her bcllv. Part of the entrails, when cleanfcii and dreil'cd, were eaten in the great cabbin, and the liody given to thofe by whom it was caught. When fry ed, it is tolerable meat; but the fat is very loathfome. On the i^tli, » ftorm arofe, accompanied with thunder and rain. A» it was not fo violent as thofe we had before experienced, it proved more acceptable than alarming, as It (iipplicd the (hip's company with a good quantity of freih water, which we caught in blanket.s, or by other contrivances, every one as he could. What was laved by means of the awnings was fet apart for the officers ufe. Oa the 20th it blew a hurricane, which obliged us to hand the fails, and to lay to under bare poles. On the 25th the florin abated, and the Iky became clear. This ilay wc obferved a (hip to the fouthward, which, by her courfe, wc took (br the Refolution : wc crouded (iiil, (IcMxl after, and foon came up with her. She proved to lie a iJutch advice boat, tioiind to the cape. On the 2Sth, our people began to look (br land ; and the appearance of (omc birds which are known never to go from fliore, confirmed them that the extremity of the* African coaft was at no great diftance. Our aftrono- iiur, however, w.as of a imicrent opinion, and the event proved that he was right. On the firft of CXetober, when wc had been at fca juft two month:«i without once fetting foot on liiid, thofe who were unaccuftomed to long voyages, began to put on a very diftercnt afpctft to that they wore at lirfl fetting out. They were, indeed, fomewhat com. forted by the chcarfulncfs and vivacity which they ob- fer.ved cook's third and LAST VOYAGE- -To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 415 fervcd to prevail in almoft every countenance except thtir own -, from whence they concluded, that many days ro'ild not elapfc before the painful fenfations of a folitary fea I'fe wodld be rccompcnfed by the plcafure- able enjoyments they would find when they came on ftore. On the ;{d, wc obferved a great variety of fifli »nd fowl to accompany the fiiip, fome of which wc had not noticed before ; and we could not but remark the difference in this refped, between the weUerncoafts of the old continent, and the weftcm coafts of the new, in the fame latitudes. No fooncr had we crollld the Tropic of Cancer, than wc were amufcd by the (porting of the liilics, or more properly, perhaps, by their unremitting labour in purfuit of their daily food. Plying fifli arc generally the firft to attrad the notice of thofc who never have been in thefe feas before, ar,d it is curious to attend to their numberlcfs windings and iliiftings to elude the attacks of the dclphins and bo- nitos, their declared enemies. Whatever may be the dciig'n of providence in thi: formation of thefe creatyres, one cannot help confidcring their cxiftence as a ft ate of perpetual punifliment. While they remain in the water their enemies are near, and though nature has given them the power to quit that element, and to Hy ifor refiiRC to the open air, yet other perfecutors are there alio in wait for them, no kTs cruel than thofe they hivcefcaped. Boobies, man of war birds, 'other fca-fowls, arc continually watching to make tl .lying- tiih their prey, while the ravenous (harks are no Ids vifirilantin making rcpnfals on the dolphins and bonitos. Ttius a palHige through the tropical latitudes in this fca, exhibits one continued fcenc of warfare ; while in the other fca all is peace and uniform tramjuility. Thefe rctlcdions occur naturally when the mind, un- occupied with variety, is difpofed for contemplation. On the 4th of November wc caught a fliark, leaving one tyrant the lefs to vex the ocean. On the 7th, at fu in the morning, the man at the malt head called out land ; and at eight We could all fee it involved in amiftycloud. It proved to be Table Land, iK-aring S. W. at the dillance of about 10 leagues, which in- duced us to change our courfe from K. S. E. to S. S. W. On the loth wc entered Table Bay, and on the nth came to an anchor in fix fathoms water, where, toour great joy, we found the Refolution, on board of which our journalift reimbarked, and thus continues the hillory of her v(5yagc. On luefday the 2 2d of Odober, wc fixed our tents and obfcrvatory ; and f)n the 2 {d began loobfcrvc equal altitudes of the fun, in order to difcover whether the watch had altered its rate. The caulkers were now fet to work, and Captain Ciwk had before concerted mea- far«\»ith Meir. Brandt and Chiron for fupplying us with fui-hprovilions as were wanted : and asthefeveral articles for the refolution were got ready, they were im- mediately conveyed aboard. The homeward lx>und French (hip failed for F.urope on Saturday the 26th, and by her we fent letters to Kngland. On the day following the Hamplhirc Kaft Indiaman, from Ben- coolen, anchored in the bay, and falutcd us with 13 guns, and we returned deven. On the 31ft, it blew cxcelTivcly hard at vS, b". and contmucd for three days ; whereby all communication between the l\ip and the (here was cut otV. The Refolution was th;; only (liip in the bay that roiio out the gale, without dragging her anchors. T'he clients were as (cnfibly felt on (liore; tihcre the tents and obfcrvatory were dcrtroycd, and the allronomical quadrant narrowly efcapcd irreparable damape. On Sunday the ^d of November the ftorm cafcd ; and on the 6th, the llampfliire failed for England, in whkh Captain Cook fent home an invilid. Captain Trimble would have received two or three more of our crew, who were troubled with different complaints, but, at this time, wc entertained fome hopes of their health being rc-clhblinied. Monday the 1 1 th, the Difcovery having anchored faluted the garrifon with 13 guns, and were anfwered by the fame numlx-r •, after which Cap- tain Cook, with his principal ofli.crs and gentlemen went on board that Ihipi to welcome CajJtain Clcrke on his arrival. It being intimated that the Difcovery wanted caulking. Captain Cook ordered all our work- men on board her, and lent every other nccelTary alTif- tance to expedite a fupply of water and provifions. The bakers had omitted to bake the bread that had been ordered (or the Difcovery, pretending they wanted Hour; but the truth was, they did not chufe to begin till they faw her moored in the bay. On Captain Clcrkc's landing this day, he was met by the officers of the garrifon, and the gentlemen belonging to the Halt India Company, who received him very polit ;ly, and gave him a general invitation to (hare with th:m the entertainments of the place. The fubordinate cfficcrs were met by another clafs of inferior gentry, belonging to the fame company : for almoft all the officers ii- the pay of the Dutch Company entertain ftrangcrs, md board them on moderate terms, from two lhill'n{,s a day to iivc. Having by the governor's permiftlon git our cattle on (liorc, on the night of the 13th, (bme dop broke into the pens, and, forcing the fiieep out, killeJ four, and difperfed the reft. The number of out (beep were (ixtecn, which were penned up, every night, clofe to our tents ; but a bull and two cows, with their calves, were fent to graze along with fomc otlicr cattle. On the 14th, we recovered fix of our (lieep, but among thofc wc miffed were two rams, and two of the fineft ewes in the whole flock. Though the Dutch frequently boaft of the police at the Cape, yet the Cap- tain's llieep evaded all the vigilance of the Fifcal's officers and people. At length, after much trouble and expcnce, by employing fome of the meaneft fcoun- drels of the place, we recovered all but the two ewes. One of the rams, however, was fo miferably torn by the dogs, that wc thought he could not live. Mr. Hcmmy, the lieutenant governor, very obligingly oftered to make up this lofs, by giving Captain Cook a Spanilb ram, out of fomc he had fent tor from Lilbon ; but the captain declined the oIIIlt, thinking it would equally anfwer his purpofe to take with him fome o( the cajw rams : in this, linwcver, the captain was miflaken. Mr. Hemmy had endeavoured to introduce European (liccp at the V aj^c; but all his attempts were fruftrated by the obllinacy ol the country people, who higiil\- citccm their own breed, on aecoimt ol'their large tails, the fat of which pre iiics more money than the whole carcafs befides. Indeed, the moft remarkable thing in the Cape (licep is the lengt'.i and thicknefs of their tails, which weigh from 10 to 15 pounds. The fat is not itch; nor any more ilovenly where they arc not cxpofed to open view. Nor muft we omit here the account in the journal of Mr. Andeifon, who, while the two iliips were repairing for the profecution of their voyage, made an excuilion, to take a furvcy of the neighbouring country. Mr. Anderfon, furgcon, relates their proceedings, in fub- fVance, as follows: In the forenoon of Saturday the i6th of November, Mr. Aiulerfiin, and five others, fet out in a waggon, to take a view of the country. They ( roHi.'d a large plain to the ealhvard of the town, which is entirely a white fand, refcmbling that which is ccMumonly found on beaches. At live in the aiiernoon they palled a large farm-houfe, fome corn-lields, and vineyards, lituatcd beyond the plain, near the foot of fome low hills, where the foil ajipeaied worth cultivating. At (even they aniveil at Stclleiibolli.a colony, in pointof importance, next to that of the cape. The vill.nge ftands at the foot ot the range of lofty mountains, above 20 miles to the callward ol Cape 'I'own, and confills of about {O houfes, which are neat and clean: a rivulet, and the llielier of fume large oaks, planted at its firll fettling, form a rural profpect in this delart country. There are fome thriving vineyards and orchards about the place, w hich feeiii to indicate an excellent foil, though perhaps much may be owing to the iiiicominon I'erenity of the air. At this fcafon of the year, Mr. Anderfon could lind but few plants in (lower, and infects were very fcarce. I laving examined the foil, he found it to con- lilt of yellow ifli clay, mixed with a gocnl deal of fund. The fides of the low brown hills, fcemed to be conlli- tutcd of a kind of ftone marie. Mr. Anderfon and his companions left Stellenbofli the next morning, and foon arrived at the houfe they had palfed on Saturday ; Mr. Clocder, the owner crt" which, having feiit them an invitation to vilit him. This gentleman received them with politciiefs, and entertained them with hof- pitality, in a manner very dilVertnt from what was ex- peded. They were received with a band of mulic, vhich continued playing while they were at dinner; • compliment, confidering the (ituation of the place, wc thought elegant. In the afternoon they crolled the country, and ]>alll:d fome large plantations, one of whi( h was laid out in a tafte dilllrcnt from thofc they had fecn. In the evening they arrived at a farm houfe, faid to \)C. the firfl in the cultivated traiit, called the Pearl. Here they had a view of Drakcnftcin, the third colony of this country, which contains fevcral little farms or plantations. Infeclsand plants were as fcarce here as at StellLnbodi, but there was a greater plenty ofiluubs, or fniall trees, naturally produced, than they had before fecn in the country. On Tuefday the 19th, in the afternoon, they *cnt to fee a remarkable large ftoiK, called by the inhabitants, the Tower of Habylon, or the Pearl Diamond. In the Philofophical Tranfac- tions is a letter from Mr. .\nderfon to .Sir John Pringlc defcrihiiig this llonc. The account fent home from the cape and reail before the Royal Socivty is much the fame with th.it here publilhed, but laihcr fuller. In mrticulur, he tells Sir John, that he went to fee it at Mr. Mallbn's deliie, who, proliably, had not had an opjiortunity of fuflicicntly examiuiiig it himfclf. With his letter to Sir John Pringle, Mr. Ander.on alfo fent home a f])tciiuenof the rock; it was examined by Sir William IlaiHikon, whole opinion is, that this fingular, immcnfe fragment of granite, moll probably has bun raifed by a volcanic cxplolion, or foire iiich caiife This remarkable Hone, to ule Mr. Anderfon'sOwii words, in the papers now Ixforc us, " lies, or ft.uHh upon the lop of fome low hills, at the loot ol whidl our farm houfes was fitiiatcd ; and though the lo.ul to it is neither very lleep nor rugged, we were above an hour and a half in walking to it. It is of an oliloL fliapc, rounded on the top, and lies nearly N. amis The Iv and VV. fides are fteep, and almolt perptnilu cular. The fouth end is likew ife lleep, ami its );uatilt height is there; from whence it declines gently to the North part, by which we afcended to its top, and had a very extenlivc piofpccf of the whole count 1 v. it, circumference, I think, muft be nt leal! half ;1 milt. as it took us above half an hour to walk roiiml it inl chilling every allowance for the bad road, and ll(ii)|Vm(", a little. At its highell part, whi( h is the fouth enil comparing it with a known object, it feems to equai the dome of St. Paul's Church. It is one uninterruptid mafs ol'llone, if we except fome (iliures, or rather 1111. prclFions, not more than three or four Icet deep, anil a vein which runs acrofs near its mwth end. It i< of that fort of llone calleil Smum ioiii^'iii.i:.Uioi:, ami ion. firts chicHy of pieces of coarfe quartz and glumiKT held together by a clayey cement. Hut the xein which crolfes it, though of the Hime materials, is iiuk h com. pader. This vein is not above a foot broad or thick • and its furfacc is cut int» little fipiarcs orohluiigs, ihf.! pofed obliquely, whiih makes it look like the niiKiiih of fome artdicial work. But I could not obllive whe- ther it penetrated far into the large rock, or was oiilr fujjcrlicial. In delcending we (ouiid at its foot, a \try rich black mould: and on the lidis of the hills fome trees of a conliderable li/.c, natives of the place, which area fjxcies of the o!ea." — We cannot help thinkini', it is ftrange, that neither Kolben nordc la C'aillefhouli have thought the Tower of H.ibylon worthy of a p;ir- ticular defcription. The former only mentions it as a high mountain ; the latter contents hinifilf with ulljujr us, that It is a low hillock, but the very accurate -m'. count given of this remarkable rock by Mr. Amkriuii, agrees with Mr. .Sonncrat's, who was at the Cat)e of Good I lope fo late as 1 7 Si . On the 20th in the iiioni- ing, the gentlemen fet out from the Pearl, and, );oirg a dirt'erent road, palUd through an uncultivated coun- try to the Tyger I Iills, where they law fomegoml lorn liclds. About noon th./ ftoppcd in a valley tor re. frefliment, where they were plagued with a vail number of multiuetocs; and, in the evening, arrived ar the Cape-Town, tired fuHficiently with the jolting of the waggon. A very uncommon incident happened during our ftay at the Cape, which might have embroiled ujwith the government there, had not the delinquent been found out and punifhed. It was difcoveied that a number of counterfeit fchcllings, and double kn'% had been circulated, and feveral of our people had taken them in exchange for gold. Complaint was m;ide by our ofliccrs againrt the inhablt.ants, for taking the ail- vantage of the ignorance of ftrangcrs to impole coun- terfeit money upon them, as it was not to be fuppol'ul that they could be jiidgesof thegiKxlnefsof thcii cinm- try coin. On the other hand, the inhabitants aioriul the charge, alTirming that the bad moiuy procccilal from us. Iv-ich were warm in their allegations, and each were politive in their opinions. It was not thonj^ht poflibic, that any of our people could be prcpand to counterfeit Dutch money, and yet there had never bwn an inrtancc of counterfeit money having been fccnat the Cape before the arrival of our lliijis at that |x)rt. Thus the matter refted for fome time, till one of the fliip's cooks, having obtained leave to go afliore, made himfelf drunk, and otfereii bafc money in payment for his liquor. Iking actained, and notice given to hii commanding odicer, he caufed him to be fearchcd, when fevcral other pieces of a bafc coin were fuuml upon him; and on examining his chell, the implemcius were found artfully concealed, by which he had been enabled tu carry on the fniuJ. lie was indautly dc. livaed — ' — • ■ ■ ■> - ■- COOK'S 'n.I J) an.; LHS'I' VOYACJE~To the PACIF.C CCliAN. &c. 417 nhalily hiis bun )ii'c Ciich laiiff. Antlcii'Dii's own '«, or (liiiils, c lo.)t of «hic|, ugh tlKTO,ni t!l c were above an is of" an ohlopjr nearly N. amis, "moll ptrpcmli. ), anil its Kuauil ncsf-tnily totlK- its top, and IkuI lie country. In c:ill liair a niilc; tik roiiiiij it, jnl lad, and llopplnfr is the Couth tnti, Cccnis to Cllll;ii >nc unintcrriiptul cs, or rather im. eit (ia-p, ami ih end. It is of :.ilioi:, and ion- m and i^hiniucr, II till." Mjin whicii is, is imich toni- broad or tliickj s orohlongs, dil. like the remains not obl'crvc whe- oek, or was onl; at its foot, a \irv ot the hills fomc the place, which lot help thinkiiif,', Ic la Cailltlliould vorthy of a par- iiuntions it as a mlllf with iiilin); very accurate a. - by Mr. Andcrlun, i at the Cape of 20th in the inorn- I'eaii, and, f;oing inciiltivated coun- w fome j;o(hI torn in a valley for re. lith a vali niimlxr arrived at the jolting of the .'u fc icned during our embroiled us with ; delinquent hccn difcovered that a and double krt'<, r people had taken aint was made by for takiiij^ the aii- ■s to impofe coim- lot to be fiippol'ul Inefs ol' their tuiiii- iihabitants retoitui money pioccalal ir allegations, and It was not thoiij^lit jld be prepared to crc had never been iviiig been feeil at lliips at that jwrt, lie, till one of the to go afliorc, made iioney in payiiitiit notice given to hii in to be fearchd, c coin were Ibiiml ell, the inipleniems which he had been !e was, indaHtly dc. Ir.wd livcred up to the Dutch Governor, I of tnc country where the offence had been com- be tried by the laws of the country where the offence had bcei mitred I but it not being clear, whether the crime of coining was committed on Ihorc, or on board his Itri- tannic Majcfty's (hip, the Magiftracy very politely re- turned him. to be dealt with as the Commander in Chief fliould think proper; who not being veiled with the power of life and death in civil cafes, ordered him to receive the difciplinc of the fljip, and to be fcnt home in the Hamplhire Indiaman. Thus ended a very critical atfair, of which there is, wc believe, noinllancc upon record. On Saturday, the 23d of November, we got the ob- fcrvatory clock, &c. on baird. From the refult of fc- vcral calculations and obfervations, wc had rcafon to conclude, that the watch, or time-piece, had pcrJbrmcd well all the way from England. On the 27th orders «erc given to prepare for failing; and, fearing afecond difader, wc got our (heep and cattle on board as fad aspodible. The caulkers had finifhed their work on board the Difcovery, and (he had received all her pro- vilions and water. Of the former, both fliip.s had a fullicicnt fupply for two years and upwards. A large quantity of beer was purchafed for the companies of both fhips, at the only brewery that is publicly tole- rated within the jurifdidlion of the town. In ffiort, there is not one ncceflary article relating to the repair- ing. pn)vidinj», and vidualling of fliipping, that is not torn: purchalcd at the Cape of Good Hope, and that too at very rcafonabic prices. The wine at the Cape has been thought dear, bccaufc that of the clioiccft vint- age is fcarce, and confined to a very fmall fpot. Of tliercal Conilantia, which is the wine fo much prized in Europe, the whole plantation docs not perhaps pro- duce more than forty pipci annually, though there may be two or three hundred difpofcd of under that name. The wine commonly taken on board the fliipping for thco!iiccrs, is of a kind not unlike the Madeira, but of an improved flavour, the vines here being highly fub- limed by the warmth of the fun and the drynefs of the loil. On Thurfday the 28th, the Governor and prin- cipal olTiccrs belonging to the company were entertained on board the Kcfolution, where they came to lake leave of our Captains, as we expected to fail in a fcw> days, all our live ilock beiiiijr [iroperly fecured on board, and the repairs of both (liips being fully complcated. " On the ^oth, captain Cook having given to captain Clerke a copy of his inftruiitions, and our letters having been difpatchcd to our friends, wc quitted our moorings, and next day came to an anchor in 1 8 fathoms water. Pen- guin illand bearing N. by W. fix miles: but before wc take o.ir final departure, it may not beamifs to obfcrvc, that nothing in nature can make a more horrid appear- ance than the rugged mountains that form Table Bay. One would almoll be tempted to think, that the Dutcb had made choice of the moft barren fpet upon earth, to ftiew what may be e(K:dted by flow induflry, and con- tinued pcrfevcrancc; for bcfidcs the craggy clifl^s that render the open country ahvioft inaccelTible, the foil ia fo fandy and poor, that, except fomc vineyards, there is fcarce a flirub or a tree to be fecn within any walking diflancc from tht'place; infomuch, that the vaft pro- fufion of all forts of piovifions, as beef, mutton, poul- try, flour, butter, chccfc, and every other ncceliarv, is brought from four to five and twenty days journey from Cape Town, where the Governor and Company have their refidcncc. This town, as our readers may recol- led, we have fully defcribed in our hiftory of foriner voyages, fo that little remains to be faid, or added in this part of our work. The town is neatly built, and. according to the natural laflc and charadcr of the Dutch, as neatly kept in order. Ir has the advantage of a fmall rivulet, by means of which there arc canals in all the principal flrccts, on both fides of -which arc planted rows of ilatcly oaks. The town is fituatcd be- low the mountains, and when fcen from their fummits, appears, with the gardens and plantations that rim along thcfliorc exceedingly piiflutefque: nothing, indeed, can be more romantic.nor any profpedt more pleafing to the eye. At five in the afternoon of this day, a breeze fprung up at S. K. with which, as wc obfervcd above, we weighed, and ftooti out of the bay, having faluted the fort with eleven guns, which they returned with an equal number: at nine o'clock it fell calm, and wccame again to anchor. CHAP. 11. Paffagtof theRefitulionand Dif(»i-ery,Jrmn iheCiipe of Cfood Hope, to Chri/ltiMs ff.irkiir: in zi-hicb Prince EdrarXs ijhnis are fecn, mid Kerguelen's ItinilviJilcJ — Tlje hi-ojlups arrive al ihe ahove harbour — Defcription of u, and an ac~ emnt of occurrence! there— Deparl from thence, andespkre the coaft — Cape Cimherland Bay , Point Priiigle, Heme's Foreland, Wr. defcribed — fhcfbipsin danger from Jbodls — Arrive at Port Pallifcr — Cape George defcribed — Naluial hifiorynf the animals,plant$,foil, i^c. of kcr^uelen's land — Pa/J'aj>;cfrom hrnce to Iwt Dirtiien's land, in zvhicb the He- Jolul'ion is damaged by afuddenfqiiall — They arrive in Athenture Day — Incidents there— Farious intervir:vs -with the na- tives, and a defcription of their perfons, drrfs, manners, and ciijlotns — Mr. AnderfoH's revmrks—Courfe of the Re/oinlion mdhifcffvery to ^teen Charlotte's Sound in Nezv Zealaiid, ubere vie anchored in turouljlal ten. DECEMBER the ift, 1776, at three o'clock A. M. we weighed and put to fca, with a light breeze at S. but did iwt get clear of the land till the 3d in the morning, w hen, with a frcfli gale at W. N. W. we flood to the S. E. At this timt we obfcrved that luminous appearance about our fliip, which different navigators \a\{ attributed to different caufes,but which Dr. Frank- lin has endeavoured to account for on the principles of electricity. About five in the afternoon, we met with one of thofe terrible gufts fo frequently cypcrienccd by mariners in doubling the Cape of Good Hope, in which our main-fail was fpTit, but fortunately wc rcccfvcd no other damage; the fouthcrnmoft land now bore S. by E. didant nine or ten leagues, both fliips in company. On "Wediicfday the 4th in the morning, it blew a hur- ricane, and fplit the jib of the Difcovery; and on the (;tha Iquall of wind carried awayoiir mizcn top mafl, but having another to replace it, the lofs was not felt. On the 6tTi, in the evening, being in latitude 39 deg. H min. S. and in 23 deg. 56 aiin. K. longitu J^, we ob- {«o. JI. fervcd (cvcral fpots of water, of a reddifli hue. Upon examining fomc of this water that w;is taken up, wc perceived a number of fmall animals, which the mi- crofcopc difcovered to rcfembic cray-fifli. Wc conti- nued to the S. E. followed by a mountainous fca, which occafioncd the fliip to roll exceedingly, and rendered our cattle troublefomc. Several goats, elpccially the males, died, and fomc flieep. On the 8th, the weather that had he<;n cloudy and boiflcrous ever fince leaving the Cape, became clear and moderate. In latitude 39 deg. 57 min. S. Mr. King, our fecond mate, went on board the Difcovery to compare the time»picccs, and found no material variation. On the loth, in latitude 43 deg. 56 min. S. a dreadful ftorm came on, which obliged both ftiips to lie to that and the following night under bare poles. On the nth in latitude 46 deg. iS min. S. it began to fiiow and hail, and the weather be- came intolerably coki; infomuch, that from a fcorcbing heat which wc felt at the Cape, the change was fo great, that wc were obliged to line the hatehways with can. S N . va*. Li^ii*' 4i8 Capt. C O O K N V () Y A G K S C O M I' I. t I' E. vu, to defcrul the men below as much as |)ollihlc Imm the tffe&t of the frolt. Here the albatrollcs, ami Other Tea birds, began to make their appearance i and feals, and porpoifes were Teen tu fport almut the (hips, which gave us hopes of fuun approaching land. This wc difcovcred, having the appearance of two illandu, on Thurfdaythc nth at noon. That to the S. which is the Urgcl>, we judged to be alniut 1 5 leagues in circuit ; and to lie in latitude 46 deg. 53 min. S. longitude ,{7 deg. 46 min. E. The nwd northerly one is about 9 leagues in circuit; and in latitude 46 deg. 40 min. S. longitude .{8 deg. 8 min. E. I'hc diftance from one to the other is about five leagues. Wc paiFcd through be. t ween both illands in a very narrow channel; and had piercing cold, attended with fnow, with which the iflands were lightly covered ; but neither tree nor llirub uerc to be feen with our bcQ glalTcs, nor any living thing, except penguins and Ihags, the fonner fo numer- ous that the rocks feemed covered with them as with a Crufl. The S. E. parts of thcie two iflands had a much greater quantity of fnow on them than the rcll, and the ground that was not covercil by it, from the various ihadcs it exhibited, may be fup|x>(ed to be cloathed with mofs.or pcrhaps.w ith fuch a coarfe long grafs as is found in fomc parts of Falkland's iflands. On the N. iidc of each of the iflands is a deuchcd rock ; that near the S. one is (hapcd like a tower, and feemed to be at fomc dif- tance from the fliorc. Thcfc two iflands, and four others more to the eaft, were difcovcred by the two French navigators, Marion du Freznc, and Crozet, in January 1772, on their palFage from the Cupe of Gixxi Hope to the Philippine iflands. M. de Marion had two fliips under his command, one the Mafcarin, cap- tain Crozet, the other the (^flrie, captain du Clefmurc. They proceeded to the fouthern extremity of New Holland, and from thence to the Bay of Iflands in New Zealand, where M. de Marion was killed with twenty- eight of his men by the natives. He was obliged, hav- ing loft his mafts, to look out for new ones in this cotm- try; but when he had found trees lit for his purpofc, necelPity obliged him to cut a mad three miles long through tl : thickets, to bring them to the water fide. While one party of his people were employed in this fervicc, another party was placed on an ifland in the bay, to cleanfc the calKs, and Kll them with water; and a third was occalionally fent on ftiore to cut wood for the fliip's ufe. Thus employed, they had been here 33 days upon the bcft terms with the natives, who freely offered their women to the fuilors, when M. de Marion, not fufpcding any treachery, went one morning, as was his cuftom, to vifit the ditferent particii that were at work, without leaving word that he intended to come back to the fliips the lame day. Having called to fee the watcrers, he went next to the Hippah.a fortification of the natives, where he commonly ufcd to Hop in his way to the carpenters, encamped in the wooils, with M. Crozet at their head, to dircd their operations. Here he wasfnddenly fet upon ; and, with his few attendants, barbaruufly murdered ; as were the boats crew that car. ried him on fliore. Next morning, the li'.-utenant who commanded on board, not knowing what had hap. pened, fent a party to cut wood, and when every one was at work, the natives watched the opportunity to fell upon them likewifc, and butchered every one, ex- cept a finglc failor, who ran for his life, and threw him- felf, wounded, into the fea. Being feen from the (liips, he was fpccdily taken on board, and gave the general alarm. Crozet's fituation in the woods, with his fmall party, was now become mofl critical. A corporal and f}ur marines were difpatchcd immediately to acquaint him of his danger, while feveral boats attended to re- ceive his people, at a place where the lick had bren lodged in the tents, for the recovery of their health. Hedifpofed every thing as well as the time would per- mit, and effeifted his retreat to the fea fide. Here he found multitudes alTembled, drefTed in their habits of war, with feveral chiefs at their head. Captain Crozet ordered the marines who attended him, to dired tncir fire, in cafe he found it neccfTarytogivc the word,ugaintt fuch perfons as he ihould point out. He then com- manded the carpenters and convulcfcents tu llnkc ihc tciits, and the lick to iiiil>nrk rtrft, with their whole ap. paratus, while he with the I'oidieix, fliould talk with the chief. This man iinmrtliately told them, that M. M.u rinn was killad by another chief; upon whic h captain Crozet feizcd alhkc, and, forcing it into the j^ruiiml, made ligns that he fliould advance no farther. 'Ihc countenance, with which this adion was aircndij, llartled the lavage, whofe timidity being oblcivid by Crozet, he inlifled on his commanding the crowd to lit down, which was accordingly complied with. He now paraded in front of the encmv till all his people were embarked ; his foldiers were then ordered to follow, and himfclf was the lafl who entered the boat. They had fcarce put off' when the whole body of natives began their long of defiance, and difcharged their vollici of flones: however, a Ihot from the fliip foon dilpcrfcd them, and the company got all f'afe on board. IVoni this time the natives began to be truublcfome, and made feveral attempts to attack his people by furprizc. They formed an attack agaiinfl the watering party in the night, which, but fortho vigilance of the guard, Mould have been fatal to them: after which, they openly at- tacked the fliips in more than a hundred large canoes, full of men, who had caufc fufTicient to repent thiir daring exploit, having feverely felt the deflrudtivectllvt of European arms. At length captain Crozet, finding it impoliible to fupply the (nips with marts, iinlcls he could drive the enemy from his neighbourhood, nude an attack upon their Hippah, which they vainlv IJoallcJ w as beyond Wn power to approach. He placed the cur- |xntcrs in the front, who, in an inflant, levelled their pallifudoes w ith the ground ; then cut a breach throu);h the mound, and levelled the ditch, behind which their warriors were ranged in great numbers on their tit;ht. ing ftages. Into this breach a chief inllantly threw himfelff with his fpear in his hand. He was fliut dud by a markfman, and immediately another chief ofcd this to be the lame that M. dc Kerguclcn called the iflo of Rendezvous; but wc know of nothing that can rendezvous upon it but the birds of the air, for it is certainly inacctirible to every other animal. The weather beginning to clear up, we tacked, and fleered in for the land; and at noon we de- temiined the latitude of Bligh's Cap to be 48 deg. 29 min, S. longitude 63 deg. 40 min. V~ We pafled it at three o'cfock, with a frelh caic at W. ftanding to the S. S. E. Prefently after we faw the land of which we had a faint view in the morning; and at four o'clock, extending from S. E, half E. and diflant 4 miles. The left extreme, which we Judged to be the northern point of this land, called, in the French chart of thefouthern hemifphere. Cape Francois, terminated in a high per- pendicular rock, and the right one in a high indented point, w^iich, by its appearance, feemed to be, what is reprcfcnted onKetguelen'schartunder the oamcof Cape Aubcn. It may dc proper to obfcrvc here, that all that extent of coaft lying between Cape Louis and Cape Francois, of which the French faw very little during their firft vitit in 1772, and may be called the N. W. fide of this land, they had it in their power to trace the pofitionofin 1773, and have afligned names to fome of its bays, rivers, and promontones. From this point the coaft feemed to turn ftiort round to the fouthward j tor we couJd fee no land to the wcftward of the direc- tion in which it now bore to us, but the iflands wc had obfcrved in the morning. Kerguelcn's iflc dc Clugny.lhc moft foutherly of them, lies nearly W. from the point, about two or three leagues diflant. Towards the mid- dle of the land there appeared to be an inlet ; but on our approaching it, wc faw it was only a bending on the coaft: we therefore bore up to go round Cape Iran- vois. Soon after, land opened off the Cape, in the di- rection of S. S3 deg. E. appearing ai a point at aeon. (iderabic diflancc; for the trending of thb coaft from the Cape was nmrc foutherly. We difo dcfcricj rocks and iflands totheeaftward of the above dircHHohs, the moft diflant of which was about fevch leagues froih the Cape. Having got oft' this, wc obferVcd the c ;\ to the fouthward, much indented by points dnd Kiys, and, therefore, fully expcdtd to find a good harbour. We foon difcovered one behind the Cape, into which we beean to ply ; but it prefently fell calm, and wc an- chored in 45 fathoms water, as <))c Difcovery alfo did foon after. Mr. Blighi the mafler, was ordered to found the harbour; wh^ ivported it to be fafc and commodious. On Wednefday the J5thi early in tht morning, wc weighed, and, having wrought into the harbour, anchored in eight fathoms water, bottdm a tine dark fand. At two o'clock; P. M. the DifcOvery got in, when captain Clerke informed usj that he had with difhculty efcaped being driven on the S. point of the harbour, his anchor having ftartcd before he could fliorten the cable. They were, therefore, obliged to fet fail, and drag the anchor after thcni, till they had room to heave it up, when they perceived that one iof its palms was broken. Immct&ately after wc hdd an- chored, all the boats were .irdered to be hbifled out, and the empty water calks to be got ready. In the mean time captain Cook landed, to Icarch for a conve- nient fpot where thev might be filled, and to obferve what the place aftbrcted; We found numbers of pen- guins, feats, and other fowls, on the fliore. The feals were not numerous, but fo infenflble of fear, that wc killed as many as wc chofe, and made ufe of their fat and blubber to make oil for our lamps; and other pur- pofes. Frefli water was exceedingly plentiful; but not a Angle tree or flirub was to be dilcovcred, arid but lit- tle herbage of any kind ; though we had flattered our- felves with the hope of meeting with fomethitig conli- derable here, having obfcrved the fides of fome of the hills to be covered with a lively green. Before Captain Cook returned to the ftiip, hcafcendcdaHdgebfrocks, rifin0 one above another, expciiling, by that means, to obtain a view of the country ; but before he had reached the top, fo thick a fog came on, that it was with dif- ficulty he could find his way down again. Towards the evening we hauled the feine at the head of the harbour, butcaught no nwrc than half a dozen fmallfilh; nor had we any better fucccfs the next day, when wC tried with hook and line. Our only refource, therefofc; for frefli provilions, was birds, which were innumerable) On Thurfday the 26th, the furf was rather inconvenient for landing, and the weather rather foggy and rainv: nevenhclas, we began to cut grafs for our cattle, and to fill water; we found the former near the head of the harbour, and the latter in a brook at the left corner of the l)each. The rivulets were ('welled to fuch a degree, by the rain that fell, that the fides of the hills wliich bounded the harbour, appeared to be covered with a flicct of water: for the rain entered the filfurcs and crags of the hills, and was precipitated down their fides in prodigious torrents. The people having laboured hard for two fucceffivtf days, and nearly compleated our water. Captain Cook allowed them the 27th of December as a day of reft to celebrate Chriftmas. In confequence of which many of them went on ftiore, and made cxcurfions into the country, which they found defolatc in extreme. It conuined plenty of water, but no wood ; wis barren, and without inhabitants; but thcfltorcs abounded with fifli, and the land with feals, fea-lions, and penguins. In the evening one of them prefented a quart bottle to the captain, which was found on the north-flde of the harbour, faftened with fome wire to a proicding rock. This bottle contained a piece of parchment, with this infcription, " LidovireXV. Galliarum regc, el li, (probably a contradion of the word Domim) de Boynts regi,a Secret is ad res mnrilimas amis 1772 et ^lli" From which it is evident, wc were not the firft Europeans who had vifitcd this harbour. Captain Cook fuppolcs it to have been left by M. de Boilgue- hcnncu, who went on ftiore the i jth of February, 1 772, the -llJ^M^ '>«''' 420 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. the iky that M. dc Kcrguclcn dilcovcrcd this land i but the captain appears to be (or once milULcin tor how could M. dc Boifguehenncu, in the beginning of 1772, leave an infcription which commemorate* a tranfadlion of the next year? Perhaps the following particulars may throw light upon this part of our author's journal) for we«lo not in the manner of moll of our uninformed cotcmporary compilers, fcrvilcly cooy any one's papers, 0:, from inattentive indolence, fuit'ir errors to pafs uncot reded. M. de Kcrguclen, a lieutenant in the French forvice, had the command of two fliips given him, the La Fortune, and Le Groi Ventre. I le failed from the Mauritius about the latter end of 1771, and on the 13th of January following, dif- covcred the two iHands of which we arc now fpeuking, and to which he gave the name of the Illcs of Fortune. Soon after M. de Kcrguclen faw land, as it is faid, of a cunfiderablc height and extent, upon which he lent one of the olTicers of his own Hiip a-head in the cutter to found. But the captain of the other Ihip, M. dc St. Allouarn, in the Gros Ventre, foimd a bay, to which he gave his fltip's name, and ordered his yawl to take pof- fcflioii. In the mean time, M. de Kcrguclen being driven to leeward, and unable again to recover his ftation, both boats returned on board the Gros Ventre, and the cutter was turned adrift on account of the bad weather. M. Kcrguclen returned to the Mauritius, and M. de St. Allouarn continued tor th:ce dayii to take the bearings of this land, and doubled its northern extremity beyond which it trended to the fouth-cart- ward. He coalVcd it for the fpacc of 20 leagues, but finding ithighandiniWccfTible, he lliapcd his courfe to New t-iolland, and from thence returned by the way of Timor and Uatavia, to the Ille of France, where he died. M. de Kerguilen was afterwards promoted to the command ot a "4 gun Oup, called the Holland, with the frigate l.'Oilcau, who were fent out in order to pcrfcifl the difcovery of this pretended land. From the accounts of M. Kcrguelcn's fecond voyage we learn, that they arrived on the weft-lide of this ifland, on the 14th of December, 1783 ; that, fleering to the N. E. they difcovercd, on the i6th, the Iflcdc Reunion, and other finall idands ; that, on the 17th, they had before tliem the principal land, (which they were furc w-is conneiteo with that ken by them on the t4th,) and a high pcmt of land, named by them Cape FranijOis; that beyoi.d this cape, the coaft ttwk a fouth-eaftcrly dirciilion, and behind it they found a br, called by them Bale dc L'Oifeau, from the name ol tlicir frigate ; that, they then endeavoured to enter it, but were prevented by contrary winds and blowing weather, which drove them off the coaft eaftward ; but that, at lart, on the 6th of January, M. dc Rofnevct, captain of the Oifcau, was able to feod his boat on Ihore in this bay, under the command of M. dc Roche- gude, one of h'n otlicers, " who took poiTeinon of that bay, and of all the country, in the name of the king of f raiU-c,witli all the requilite formalities." Hence then wc trace, by the moft unexceptionable evidence, the hiflory of the bottle and the infcription ; the leaving of which was, no doubt, one of the requifite formalities obfcrved by M. de Rochegudc on this occaflon. And though he did not land till the 6th of January, 1774, yet as Kcrguelcn's fliips arrived upon the coaft on the 1 4th of December, 1 773, and had difcovered and look- ed into this very bay on the 17th of that month, it was with the ftrideft propriety and truth that 1 773 and not 1774 was mentioned as the date of the difcovery. V\'c nuy now. fairly conclude from the above particu- lars, that Captain Cook's groundlefs fuppotition fprung from want of information, that might enable him to make any other. He had no idea that the French had vifited this land a (ccond time ; and reduced to the necdlity of trying to accommodate what he faw him- Icif, to w hat little he had heard of their proceedings. -he confounds a tranfaclion which we, who have been better informed, know for a certainty, belongs to the Iccond voyage, with a fimilar one, which his chart of the Southern Hcmifphcre has recorded, and which '■fiappciicd in a diftcrcnt. year, and at a different place. " , . . '. ■ . a - .', ■ 1 Nor can a doubt remain, that thcfe iflands wc now k\\ in withare the famcdiftovcred by Kcrguclen: but that M.iie Kcrguclen ever faw a great country, fuch as he pritciuiito have rcen,.n or near thofe illands, is very problematical. Ihere arc, indeed, numberiefs illamis thinly fcattcrcd in this aJmoft boundhts ocean i but there are lumcfo fuperior to thofe already difcovered in riches and cultj. vation, as to be woith the fearch, will fcarccly admit I queftion. We now think it tin»c to return to thchif. tory of our voyage. Captain Cook, as a memorial of our having been in this harbour, wrote on the other fide of the paah- nwnt thcfe words ; " N,nes R^oliilm ct Dtfcovoy, de Rret Miign^ Brilatmite, Dfctmlris fj^S," th.it ij, " 'f he (hips Rcfolution and Difcovery, belonging to the king of (treat Britain. In the month of Dctiiiilur, A. D. 1776." He then put the fwrchmcnt again into tlvB bottle, accon)panied «ith a lilvcr t«o-pcnny pitic of 177a, covering its mouth with a leaden cap, and placed it the next morning in a pile of ftoncs, ei\clcd lor that purpofc on an eminence, near the place where it was lirft found. Here we difplayctlthc liritilh tiajr, and named the place Chrillmas Harbour, it U'lng un that Icrtival wc arrived in it. It is the firft inUt we meet with on the S. IC lide of Cape Fianvois, which forms the north lide of the harbour, and is the northern point of this land. TherituationfullicicntlydiftinguillKs It from any of the other inlets 1 and, which is UiH more remarkable, its Ibuth point terminates in a high rock, perforated quite through, and forming an ap. pc;wancc like the arch of a bridge. If there could be the kail doubt remaining of the identity of the baic dc rOileau, and Lhriftiius harbour, thii particular of the pcrlorated rock, \Nhich, in the account of Kcr<^uclcn'i fecond voyage, is compared to an aahcd gateway, would amount (o a ftrid demonllration ; and it is very fatisfadlory to find the two navigators, neither of whom knew any thing of the other's defcription, adopting the fame idea, which both proves, that they had the fam.: uncommon objed bctore their eyes, and tlut they made an accurate report. The harbour has another iiiark within, being a tingle ftone or rock, of a vail I'l/.e, which lies on the top of a hill, on the fouth-lidc, near its bottom j and oppofite this, on the north iidc is another hill, fmallcr, but much like it. At the bottom of this is a fmall beach where wc commonly landed : behind it is fome gently riling ground, whereon is a pool of Irclh water. On both tides of the inlet, the land is high. The inlet runs in W. and W. N. W, two miles: its breadth, tor more than half its length, is one mile and a quarter; above which it is only half a mile. The (hores are ftccp. The depth of water, which is 45 fathoms at the entrance, varies from 30, and if you proceed tarthcr in, to four and live fathoms. The bottom is every where a tine dark fand, except in foiiK places near to the thore, where are beds of lea- weed, which always growd on rocky grotind. The head of the harbour lies open only to two points of the compafs J and even thcfe are covered by iflands in the oihng, fo that no fea can fall in to hurt a fliip. Ap. pearances on tbore confirmed this ; tor wc found grafs growing clofc to high water mark, which is a furc lign of a pacific harbour. Captain Coolt, accompanied by Mr. King, went upon Cape Francois, expcdinjr, from this elevation, to have had a viewofthefea-coall, and the illands lying oft it : but they found every liif- tant objed below them hid in a fog. The land on a level with them, or of a greater height, was viiihle enough, and appeared exceedingly naked and defoUte; except fome hills to the fouthward, u hich were covered with fnow. Wc were nOw bufied on board in repairing our rigging, particularly the crew of the Difcovery, who bad fuffered much in tha frequent fqualls, with which flic had been harraffed ever (incc her departure from the Cape : at the fame time, thr<~. v. ho were on Ihore were no lefs ufcfully employer' if ''pplying the lliip» with water, and the crews with :.x!^> .rovifionsj which laft, thdugh not of the r.olV d».(.v.ii:e kind, yet to flomachs cloyed almgfl to bathing t, -i! fait pwvifions, even l««cnowfelli„ i: but that M.ae as he pretend, to Y problematical, thinly ftattcrcd cic arc luiiic fo _ii:hcs and lulti. <:arccly admit ^ ■turn to the hif. ur having been c of the parch. ct Di/moy,jf 776," that is, L-lonj{injr to tlic of Deteinlier, neat again into wo-pcnny piece ;aiicn cap, and Hones, eivcled the place where he Bntilli tlajr, ur, it l)cin}r on It lirll inlet we Kinvois, which is the northern tlyililhnguiilii., , which IS Hill nates in a high Diiiiinjj an ap, there could be ' of the baie dc 'articular of the I of Kergueien's ahcd gateway, t and it is very icithcrofwhom )tion, adopting at they had the 3, and tiut they ur has another rock, of a vaft the loiiih-lidc, he north hde ii At the bottom imonly landed ; I, whereon is a f the inlet, the and W. N. W. lalf its length, it is only half epth of water, aries from 30, d five fathoms. »nd, except in re beds of fea- {roiind. The points of the iilands in the a fliip. Ap. »c found grafs lich is a furc .accompanied •is, expcctinjr, fthcfea-road, iind every ilif. Ihc land on a t, «as vilihlc 1 and dcfolate; i were covered repairing our fcovery, who I. with which :parture from rere on (bote 'ing the fliipt ifionsi which kind, yet to lit piwifions, even •11 « Wh ttti^itt- ^.«trw<«bj •*!jr«v»'i. ' 'Jt .«!e leaft filhy tafle. The cape peuel, the fmall blue one, and the fmall black one, or Mother Carey's chicken, were not in plenty here; but another fort, which is the largcft of the petrel;;, and called by fcamen. Mother Carey's goofe, k found in abundaiKe. This petrel is as large as an albattofs, and is carnivorous, feeding on the dead car- calTes of feali, birds, &c. The grcateft number of birds hcfc are penguins, which confift of three forts. The head of the largeft is black, the upper part of the body of a leaden grry, the under part white, and the feet black : two broad ftripes of fine yellow defcend from the head to the brealt; the bill is of a reddilh colour, and longer than in the other forts. The fecond fort is about half the fizc of the former. It is of a dark grey on the upper part of the body, and has a white fpot on the upper part of the head. The bill and feet «rc yellowilh. In the third fort, the upper part of the body and throat arc black, the reft white, except the No. ^i. top of the head, which is ornamented with a fine yellow arch, which it can ereft as two crefts. The (hags here arc of two forts ; the l«fler corvorant, or water-crow, and another with a blackilh back and a white belly. The fea-fMallow, the ttrn, the common fea-gull, and the Port E^jmont hen, were alfo found here. Alfo large Hocks of a (ingular kind of white bird flew about, having the bafe of the bill covered with a horny cruft* It had a black bill and white ffeet, was fom'cwhat larger than a pigeon, and the flefli tafted like that of a duck. We hauled the feinc once, when wc found a few filh about the fizc of a fmall haddock. The only lhell-fi(h we faw were a few limpets and mufcles. Many of the hills, notwithftanditig they were of a moderate height, were at that time covered with fnow, though anfwering to bur June. It is reafonablc to imagine that rain muft be very frequent here, as well from the marks of large torrents having rufhcd down, as from the appearance of the country, which even on the hills, was a continued bog far fwamp. The rocks confift principally of a dark blue and very hard ftone, intermixed with particles of glimmer. Somcconfidera- ble rocks were alfo formed here from a brownilh brittle ftone. Thefe are the remarks of the ingenious Mr. Anderfon, Captain Cook's furgeon. Having failed out of Chriftmas Harbour, wc fteered S. E. along the coaft with a fine breeze and clear weather. 'Ibis was unexpeded, as, for fome time paft, fogs had prevailed more or lefs everyday. Though wc kept the line conftantly going, wc feldom ftruck ground with a line of 60 fathom. At eight o'clock, A. M. we were off" a/promontory, which was named Cape Cumberland. It lies a league and a half from the fouth point of Chriftmas Harbour ; between thent is a good bay. Off Cape Cutnberland is a fmall idand, on the fummit of which is a rock refembling a fentry- box, which name was given to the iiland on that ac- count. Some finall iflands and rocks, with broken ground around them, lie two miles ferthcr to the eaft- ward ; between which and Sentry-box Ifland we failed, the breadth of the channel being full a mile. We found no bottom with 40 fathoms line. When through this channel, we faw, on the fouth fide of Cape Cumber- land, a bay, running in three leagues to the weftward. It is formed by this cape to the north, and by a pro- montory to the Ibuth, which was named Point Prin- gle, as a compliment from our captain to Sir John Pringle, Prefidcnt of the Royal Society. The bottom of this bay we called Cumberland Bay. The coaft, to the Ibuthward of Point Pringle, forms a fifth bay, which we called White Hay, wherein arc feveral leffer bays or coves, which feemed to be ftieltered from all w inds. Off the fouth point, feveral rocks raife their heads above water, and probably there are many others that do not. Thus far our courfe was in a diredion parallel to the coaft, and not more than two niiles from it; and the country had the fame ftcrrlc and naked afpecl as in the neighbourhood of Chriftmas Harbour. The land which firft opened oft' Cape Franfois, in the direction of fouth 55 deg. E. ivc had kept on our lar- board-bow, thinking it was an ifland, with a piiflagc between that and the main ; but we found it to be a peninfula, joined to tho reft of the coaft by a low ifthmus. The bay, farnrwdby this peninfula, we called Kepulfe Bay ; and the riorchern point of the peninfula was named Howe's Foreland, in honour of Lord Howe. Drawing near it we obrer\cd fome rocks and breakers, not far from the N. W. part, and two iflands to the caft ward of it, which, at lirtt, appeared as one. Wc fteered between them and the Foreland, and, by noon, were in the middle of the channel. The land of this Foreland or peninfula is of a tolerable height, and of a hilly and rocky fubftance. The coaft is low; almoft covered with fea-birds ; and we perceived fome feals u[Mn the beaiJhcs. Having cleared the rocks and iflands before mcn-» tioncd, wc faw the whole fi a before us to be chequered with large beds of rock weed, which was faft to the bottom. There is often found a great depth of water upon fuch flioals and rock* have, m often, raifed i O (hevi; 422 Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. their heads almolt to the furfacc of the water. It is always dangerous to fail over them, cfpecially when there is no furge of the fca to difcovor the danger. We endeavourcfd to avoid the rocks, by fteering through the winding channels by which they were fcparatcd. Though the lead was continually going, wc never ftnick ground with a line of fixty fathoms : this in- crcafed the danger, as we could not anchor, however urgent the necefTity might be. At length we difcovered a lurking rock, in the middle of Anc of the beds of weeds, and even with the furfacc of the fca. This was fufficientiv alarming, to make us take every precaution to avoid danger. We were now about eight miles to the fouthward of Howe's Foreland, acrofs the mouth of a large bay ; in which were feveral rorlcs, low ifiands and beds of fca weed ; but there appeared to be wind- ing channels between them. Wc were fo much em- barrafled with thefe Ihoals, that wc hauled oft' to the eaftward, in hopes of extricating ourfelves from our difficulties -, but this plunged us into greater, and wc found it abfolutdy neccflary to fccure the fhips, if pof- liblc, before night, cfpecially as the weather was hazy, and a fog was apprehended. Obfcrving fome inlets to the S. W. captain Gierke was ordered, (the Difcovery drawing Icfs water than the Kefolution) to lead in for the fliorc, which was immediately attempted. In (landing in we could not avoid running over the edges of fome of the flioals, on which was found from lo to 20 fathoms \witer; but the moment we were clear of them, we had no ground at the depth of 50 fathoms. Having weathered a fpit that run out from an ifland on our lee, captain Gierke made the fignal for having dif- covt-red an harbour, in which wc anchored in 1 5 fa- thoms water, about five o'clock in the evening, near a mile from the fliore. The N. point of the harbour borcN. by E. half E. one mile diftant, and the fmall ifiands in the entrance, within which we anchored, ex- tended from E. to S. E. No fooner were the Ihips fc- curcd, than it began to blow fo very ftrong, that wc found it nccelTary to flriketop-gallaht yards. The wea- ther, however, continued fair, and it prefently became clear, the wind having difperfi*d the fog that had fet- tled on the hills. As foon as we had anchored, captain Cook ordered two boats to be hoifted oiit; in one of which he dif- patchcd Mr. Bligh, the maftcr, to furvcy the upper part of the harbour, and look out for wood. He alfo de- fired captain Clcrke to fend his mailer to found the channel, S. of the fmall illcs, and went himfclf in his own boat, accompanied by Mr. Gore, our liril lieute- nant, and Mr. Bailey, and landed on the N. jioint, to fee what difcover\' could be made from thence. From an hill over the point, they had a view of the fca coall, OS far as Howe's Foreland. Several fmall ifiands, rocks, and breakers, were fcattcrcd along the coall, and there appeared no better channel to get out of the harbour, than that by which they had entered it. While cap- tain Cook and Mr. Bailey were making thefe olifui v;i- lions, Mr. Gore encompalfed the hill, and joined them at a place where the boat was attending for them. There was nothing toobftruiil their walk, except feme craggy precipices J the country being, if poflible, more barren, and defolate, than that about Chriftmas Har- bour: and was there the leaft fertility in any part of this ifland, wc mig.it reafonably cxpeitt to have found it in this, which is completely Iheltcred froui the pre- dominaring bleak fouthcrly winds. But we could find ncithet food nor covering for cattle of any fort; and if any bad been left, they mull inevitably have perilhed. In the little bay where the boat lay, called by captain Cook Penguin Cove, (from the inexprelliblc number of thofc birds appearing there) is a fine frcfh river, which we could approach without difficulty. Some large fbals, fli.igs, and a few ducks were fecn, and Mr. Bailey had :■. glance of a very fmall land bird, but it flew among the rocks, and wc loft^ it. At nine o'clock wc go' on board, and Mr. Bligh returned foon after. He reported, that he had been four miles up the harbour; that its dirccftion was W. S. W. that its breadth near the Ihips did not exceed amilc{ that the foundings were Irom 37 to 10 tathonis; and that, having lamldon both iliorcs, he lound the foil rocky, withuut ;i tac or flirub, orhartily any appearance of verdure. Monday the 30th, both wind and weather favoiirino us, we weighed anchor, let fail, and put out to (a To the harbour we had left, the name \vus "ivni oi Port Pallifer, in honour of admiral Sir Hugh Pallilir It lies in the lat. of 49 dcg. j min..S. long. 69 lU,' 37 mip. E. diftantfive leagues from Howe's Foreland 1 and in the dirccftion of S. 25 deg. E. When Itaml. ing out, we difcovered a round hill, like a Aigar loat* in thediredion of S. 72 deg. E.diftant about 9 leai-ues! having the appearance of an ifland, but we alterMardj found it was upon the main land. In getting out to fea in general, wc fteered through the winding channels' among the flioals, though we loinetimes ventured to run over tncm, on which we never found lefs than 1 8 fa. thorns water; nor would they have been dilcovcrd* had it not been for the fca weed growing upon them! Having got three or four leagues from the coall, wc found a clear fea, and fteercd E. till nine o'clock A*. M. at which time tlie fugv-loaf hill, above nientionnl which we named Mount Campbell, bort S. K. and ;J fmall ifland, to the northward of it, S. .S. K. iiiil:mt four leagues. We now fleered more foiitheiiy, in order to get in with the land. At noon we obferva! in liti. tude 40 deg. 8 min. S. longitude from Cape I'laneois So miles E. Mount Campbell Iwrc S. 47 deg. \V. iliihmt 4 leagues; anda low point S. E. at thedillancoofaUjut 20 miles. We were now little more than two leamns from the fliore. This part of the coaft llcnis to be what the I'Vench fiiw on the 4th of January 1 774. The land, in general, is level. The mountains end about five leagues from the low point, leaving a great extent of low laml, whereon mount Campbell is lituatal. Thefe mountains feemed to be compoli'd of naked rocks, whofefummiis are covered with fnow: and in the vallies (Icrility only is vifible. When we had finiflied taking our meridian altitudes, we difcovered more land, opening oft" the low ix)int juft mentioned, in the diredion of S. S. E. and eight iiiiles beyond it. It proved to be the eaftern extremity of this land, and we named it Cape Digby. It lies in latitude 49 dcg. 23 inin. S. and in 70 deg. 34 min. E. longitude. Between Howe's Foreland anct Cape Digby, the ftiore forms one great bay, extending feveral leagues to the S. W. A prodigious quantity of fea weed grows over it, whieli feemed to be fucb as Mr. Banks dillinguillicd h\ the name of fnius vr^iVtteus. Though the (lem of this weed is not much thicker than a man's thumb, foinc of it grows to the amazing length of 60 fathoms, 1 laving run two leagues upon a S. E. half E. courfe, at one o'clock P. M. we founded, and had 1 8 fathoms water, with a bottom of fine fand. Obfcrving a fmall bending in the coaft, wc fleered for it, with an intention to an- chor there; but being difap|)ointed in our views, we puflied forward, in order to fee as much as poflible of the coaft before night. Irom Cape Digby it trends nearly S. W. by S. to a low point, which we named Point Charlotte, in honour of the Queen. In the di- reiilion of S. S. W. about fix leagues from Cape Digby is a pretty high projeding point, which we called the Prince of Wales's Foreland ; and fix leagues beyond that, in latitude 49 deg. 54 min. S. longitude 7odeg. 13 min E, is the moll fouthcrly point of the whole coaflf, to which, in honour of his prefent Majcfty, we gave the name of Cape Cieorge. Between Point Charlotte, and the Foreland, we difcovered a deep inlet, which was named Royal .Sound, into which, on the S. W. fide of the Prince of Wales's Foreland, we faw another in- let ; and it then appeared, that the Foreland was the E. point of a large ifland lying in the mouth of it. There arc feveral fmall iflands in this inlet ; and one about a league to the fouthward of the above menrioned Foreland. On the S. W. fide of the Royal Sound, all the land to Cape George confifts of elevated hills, gra- dually rifing from the lea to a confiderable height, hav- ing their fummitscapt with fnow, and appearing as barren, as thofc we had hitherto feen. Neither in- l^nd, nor on the coaft, could we difccrn the finallcfl vcftigc COOK'b THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 423 yeftigc "f " treeorflirub: but fomc of the low land about Cape Digby, though for the moft part dt-rolatc, fecmed to be cloathed with i green turf. On the fandy beaches penguins and other fca fowls were numerous; and (hags kept continually flying about the fliips. In order to get the length of Cape George, we continued (Irctching to the S. under all the fail wc could carry, till between feven and eight o'clock, when feeing no pro- bability of accomplilhing our dcfign, we took ad- vantage of the wind, which had (liiftcd to W. S. W. (the diredlion, in which we wanted to go) and ftood away from the coaft. Cape George now bore S. 53 dec. W. diftant 7 leagues. Wc faw no land to the S. of it, except a fmall ifland that lies olf the pitch of the Cape; and a S. W. fwell, which wc met when wc brought the cape to bear in this direftion, confirmed us in the opinion, that there was no more in that quarter. But, to ufe captain Cook's own words, "We have, fays he.ftill a flrongcr proof, that no part of this land can extend much, if at all, to the fouthward of Cape George; and that is, captain Furneaux's track in Ic- bruary 1 77,1, after his feparation from me during my late voyage. His log-book is now lying Iwfore me; and 1 find from it, that he crofled the meridian of this land only about 1 7 leagues to the fouthward of Cape George; a dillancc at which it may very well be fccn in dear wMthcr, This fecms to have been the cafe when capuin Furneaux paffed it. For his log-book m.ikcs no mention of fogs or hazy weather; on the contrary, it exprcfly tells us, that, when in this fituatioii, they had it in their power to make obfervations, both for la- titude and longitude, on board his (hip ; fo that, if this land extends farther S. than t;ape (icorce, it would have been fcarcely pollible that he fhould have paiRd without feeing it. From thefe circumllanccs we are able to detcnnine, within a very few miles, the quantity o( latitude that this land occupies, which does not much exceed one degree and a quarter. As to its extent Iroin E. to W. that dill remains undecided. We only know, that no part of it can reach fo far to the W. as the meridian ot 65 deg. becaufe in 177.J I fcarchcd for it in vain." But we think it necclfary to remark here, that if the French obfervations, as marked upon cap- tain Cook's chart, and ftill nwre authentically upon that publKhcd by their own difcoverers, may be depended upon, this land doth not reach fo far to the W. as the nuridian of 68 dcg. Cape Louis, which is teprefentcd as it^ nioll wellerly point, being laid down by them to theF. of that meridian. Thus an idea of a fouthern continent adopted by M. de Kcrguelen, vanilhcd before the accurate refearchcs of captain Cook. Even Kerguelen himfelf, in confe- qiicnce of thefc, thinks very dilfcrcntly. This appears from an explicit declaration of his fentiments, in his late publication, which docs equal honour to his can- dour and to captain Cook's abilities. It mull be con- fcllcd M. de Kergudcn was peculiarly unfortunate, in having done fo little to complete w hat he had begun. 1 le difcovcred, it is true, a new land ; but, in two expe- ditions to it, he could not once bring his (hips to an an- fhor upon any part of its coafts: wc cannot but conclude, therefore, that our brave commander had either fewer difficulties to ftruggle with, or was more fucccfsful in furinounting them. The French difcoverers imagined Cape I''rani,ois to In: the projcdinij point of a fouthern continent. The Englifli have difcovcred that no fuch continent exifts,and that the land in quellion is an ifland ot fmall extent; which, from its llcrility, might pro- perly be called the ifland of Defolation; but captain Cook was unwilling to rob Monfieur de Kcrguelen of the honour of its bearing his name. Which is more than can be faid of his own countrymen: for even M. de Pages never once mentions the name of his com- mander. And, though he takes occalion to enumerate ihcffvcral Ircnch explorers of the fouthern hemifphere, from Gonncvillc down to Crozet, he affeills to prefcrve an cntin: fdence about Kcrguelen, whole firrt voyage, in which the difcovery of this confiderable trad ot land was made, is kept as much out of light, as if it had never taken place. Nay, not fatistied with refufing to acknowledge the right of another, healmoft afTumcs it to himfelf. For upon a map of the world, annexed to his book, at the fpot where the new land is delineated, he tells us, that it was feen by M. dc Pages, in 1774. He could fcarcely have cxprefled himfelf in (Ironger terms, if he had meant to convey an idea, that he Vv.is the conductor of the difcovery. And yet wc know, that he was only a lieutenant, on board one of the fliips commanded by Kcrguelen ; and that the difcovery had been made in a former voyage, undertaken while he wasadually engaged in his lingular journey round the world. We now take leave ot Kerguclen's land; and captain Cook, purfuant to his inltrudions, intended to proceed next to New Zealand, to lake in wood antl wa- ter, and provide hay for the cattle; their number by this time having been confiderably diminillied; for while exploring Kciguelen's defolate land, we loll by death two young bulls, one of the heifers, two rams, and fcveral of the goats. On Tuefday, the 3 1 11 in the morning, by obfervations of the fun and moon, we found our longitude to be 72 deg. 33 min. 36 fee. E. and by thefe obfervations we were allured no material errors occafioned by our time-keeper, had crept into our reckoning. fl^ [) ,___ On Wednefday the I (I of Januar)', wc '''■ werein latitude48deg. 41 min. S. longitude 76 dcg. 50 min. E. when we obferved quantities of fca weed pading to leeward, in adircdtion contrary to that we had fccn in approaching the lad mentioned iflands, which gave reafon to fuppofe, there were other lands ac no great didance, and allords fomc ground for believ- ing, that M. de Kerguelen might have fccn other lands in this latitude. On the {d, in latitude 48 deg. 1 6 min. •S. longitude S5 deg. E. we had the weather tolerably clear, with frcih gales from the W. and S. W. but now the wind veered to the N. and continued in that quarter eight days, during which, though there was at the fame lime a thick fog, we run upwards of 300 Ic.igues, chiefly in the dark: the fun, indeed, fomctimcs made its appearance, but very rarely, and but iar a very (hort time. On the 7th, a boat was ilifpatched with orders to captain Clerke, fixing our rendezvous at Adventure Bay, in Van Diemen's lanil, lliould the two fliijis happen to feparatc before they arrived there; however, wc had the good fortune not to lofe company with each other. On Sunday the 1 2th, the northerly winds w ere fiiccecded by a calm, which was foon followed by a fouthcrly wind. Our latitude was now 4Sdcg. 40 min. S. longitude no deg. 26 min. E. Tlie wind blew from the .S. tor 24 hours, and then veering to r!ie W. and N. W. brought on clear and fair weather. We continued our courfc caftward, and on rucfday the 14th, a hurricane arofe, accompanied w ith fo thick a fog, that the (liips were every moment in dartger of falling foul one of the other. We kept the tog bell condantly ringing, and guns fir- ing, which were anfwered by the Difcovery. On Sun- day the 19th, a fuddcn fquall carried away our fore- top-m.id, and main-top-gallant-mad, which took us up the whole day to clear the wreck, and to lit another top- mall. Not having a fjiaie main-top-gflllant mad on board, the fore-top-gallant-mall was converted into one for our iinniediate ufe. On the 20th, the wea- ther brightened up, the w ind continued wellerly, and we hai-l a brilk but moderate gale in the afternoon, when we fet all the fails we could, unrcefed our top- fails, and run at the rate of (even and eight miles an hour by thelog, both fliips in company. On the 22d Mr. King v«ent on board the Difcovery to compare the time-pieces. At this time our company were in per- fect health, thofe of the crew only excepted, who had been hurt at the cape, and even they were fit to do duty. The damages we had received during the blow- ing weather were not fo conliderablr -s might have been expected. On Friday the 24th, at three o'clock, A. M. wc dif- covcred thccoadof Van Diemen's land, bearing N. W. half W. The Mewtloiie (b named by captain Fur- neaux, in 1 773, bore N. E. by E. didant 3 leai^uej--. We made the tignal tor feeing land, which was an- fwered by the Difcovery. Several idands and high rocks fm 424 Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. rocks are llrewcd along this yart of the coaft, ti. • ' rmthcnnort of which is Mcwftonc, a round elevated roi k, live or lix Icaffucs diftant from the S. W. cape, in the direction of S. i;^ dtg. E. Our latitude, at noon, 43 dcg. 47 niin. S. lougittidc 147 dcg. E. in which litiiation a loiiiul topped hill bore N. 1 7 dcg. W. the S. W. cape N. 74 dog. W. the Mcwttone W. half N. S'.villy idc or Kock S. 49 deg. E. and the S. E. or S. Cape, N. 40 deg. E. diUant near 3 leagues. The land between t!ic S. W. and the South vJapcs is broken and hilly, the coalt winding, with points fliouting out from it; but we were at two great a dirtancc, to be able to judge whether the bays formed by thefc points were (lieltered from the fca winds. The bay which appeared to be the largcll and deepell, lies to the wcllward of th« elevated peaked hill almve mentioned. On the 25th, at fix o'clock A. M. we founded and found grmmd at 60 fithoms, fund and (liclly bottom. The South Cape then lx)re N. 75 dcg. W. two leagues dillant: Tafman's head N. E. andSwiily rock S. by W. half W. To a rock, on account of its ftriking refcmblance to Eddy- rtonc light-ho\ire, captain Cook gave the name of the Wdyrtonc; this, which had not been noticed by caji- tain I'urneaux, lies about a league to the eaftward of Swilly Kock. Nature feems to have left thefe two rocks here, for the fame purpofe that the light houfe was ercded by ni.Tii, namely, to reiDind na\ igators of the dangers that furround them; for they may be fcen,even in the night, at a conlidcrable dilVanccj their furface being white with the dung of fea fowls. They are the fummitsof a ledge of rocks under water, whereon the fea breaks, i:i many places, very high. On the N. E. fide of Storm Bay, which lies between the South Cape and Tafman's Head, arc fomc creeks, pretty well fliel- icrcd; and if this coall was carefully examined, fome good harbours \\'ould mort probably be found. Soon after we had light of land the weflerly winds left us, and were fucccedeil by light airs, and alternate calms; but, Sunday the 26th at noon, a breeze fprung up at S. E. which artorded captain Cinik anopjwrtunity of execut- ing hisdcfign of carrying the fliips into /Vdventure Bay, where we oxpccled to procure a frellv fupply of wood and grafs; of both which articles we Ihould have been in great want, had we waited till our arrival in ^Jcw Zcalantl. We therefore ftood for the bay ; wherein *e came to an anchor, at tbtir o'clock, P. M. in 12 fa- thoms water, not quite a mile from the fliore. No fooner were the Ibips properly fecurcd, ihan the pin- nace was ordered to be launched, the boats to be man- ned, and all hands fet to work to overhaul the riggiiig, and get every thing in readinefs to continue our couru:. The oiliccrs, aflronomers, and gentlemen, on board both fliips, eagerly embraced the opportunity of going afhore to take a view of the country, with which all on board were highly plcafed. The firft thing that at- tracted our notice were the trees, that by their magni- tude and loftincfs exceeded every thing we had ever fcenof thekind: but what ».as remarkable, we found many of thtfm burnt near the ground, and not a few }ying in a horizontal pofition, which, being much fcorchcd, had been thrown down by the violence of the wind. The captains Cook and Gierke went, in fepa- ratc boats, in fcarch of convenient fpots for wooding and watering, and making hay. They found plenty of w ood and water, but very little grafs. Monday the 27th, lieutenant King was difpatched to the E. fide of the bay, w ith two parties, under the pro- tection of fome marines; one to cut wood, and the other to cut grafs. I'or although, as yet, none of the natives had appeared, there could be no doubt that fome were in the neighlwurhood, as we had perceived co- lumns of fmoke, from the time of our approaching the coaft ; and fome now were obferved, at no great diltance, up in the woods. The launch wa» likcwife fcnt for water; and in the evening having drawn the Peine, we caught, at one haul, a great quantity of fifli ; moft of which were of that fort, known to feamcn by the name of elephant blh. The Captain this day vi- fitedall the parties that had been fcnt alhorc: and the next the 28th, accompanied by fcveral gcnt!c»ien, and guarded by a party of marines, he made a fecond cx- curfion into the country, in order to make difcovctics" and to procure, if podible, an interview with fonie oi' the inhabitants. They penetrated fomc miles through paths that fee.ncd to have been frequented, before thcv could get fig,.t of any human being, till, at length, palling by the edge of an almolt impenetrable thicket, they heard a rulUing, which, at firft, they niiftook for the roufmgof a wild beaft$ but fearching clofcly, they found a girl quite naked and alone. At firlt (he fccmed much terrified t but being kindly treated and her apprehenflon* of death removed, (he bcl came docile, and ready to anfwer every thing wc could render intelligible to her underlhnding. We qucltioned her concerning her refidcnce, which wcdid by pointing to every beaten path, walking a little way in it, and then returning and taking another, making motions to her, at the fame time, to lead us along, and we would follow her. To make-her perfciiUy ea^, one of our company pulled off his handkerchief, and put it about her neck by w.iy of ornament, and another co- vered her head with his cap, and then Ihc wasdifmilfed. She ran among the biillus, and, in left than an hour, eight men anil a l)oy made their appearance. They ap- proached us without betraying any marks of fear, or rather « ith the greatcll confidence imagin-ible; none of them having any weapons, except one, who held in his hand a Itick about two feet long, and pointed at one end. Tl-.cy were quite naked, and wore no ornaments, unlefs wc confidcras fuoh, fome large pundturcs in dtf- fcrcnt parts of their bodies, fome in (Iraight, andothcrs in curved lines. The men were of the middle flature, but railier (lender. Their (kin and hair were black; and the latter as woolly as that of any native of (Juinca; but they were not dill inguiflied by remarkable thick lips, nor Hat noles. On the contrary, their features were liir fiom being tlifagreeable. They had pretty pooti e)es ; and their teeth were tolerable even, but very dirty. Mi)(t of them had their hair and beards fnicarcd with a red ointment, and fwne had alio their laces painted with the fame compofition. Thefc were all kindly treated by our company: but they received every prcfent we made them, without any apparent fatislac- tion. When (bme bread w as oftcrcd them, as fiion ji they undcrllood it was to be eaten, they cither returned, or threw it away, without tailing it. Some elephant filh, both raw, and drelFed, they likcwife refufed; but fome birds, we gave them, thefe they did not return, and cafily made us comprehend that they were fond of fuch food. Two pigs having been brought on fiiore, to be left in the woods, they feized them by the ears, and fecmed inclined to carry them off, with an intention, as we fuppofed, of killing them. Captain Cook, wifli- ing to know the ufe of the (tick which one of our vi- iitors held in his hand, made ligns exprcfling his dcfirc to be gratiiied in this f>articular: upon which one of them took aim at a piece of wooil fet up at the dijtance of twenty yards; but after fcveral eflays he was (till wide of the mark. Omiah, to (hew the great fupc- riority of our weapons, immediately (ired his mufquet at it, the report of which (b alarmed them, th.it they took flight, and vaniilied in an inRant. On our return we found they had been at the place at which the crew of theDifcovcry were watering; and an olficer of that party firin<» alfoa mufqiiet in the air, they ran into the woo -ra <,««r:rt«i;iir: *?Hfl?l*f5!Sp''H«>?r"»»;. #«■;;«. *¥^ ifj' '>«';-' :l; ■a 'r^W; 'f^^ '%.i -.:^? rrf'..r,>j^^ ^«;i: ?r*!'V;; .jr^ ^m^ {fj^jj/if ■?^-^'^;vV^"' ^*^'^*^*^^r, ::!« t fci *?;'<'£ f'.'^p i •f Nitf^i.'^^ .•^^., ^tt?;:^, ■:'^*> ■?^'t**.'^t?> ^i^'dii: «i rS'^^'i^ I tf) ■•>H"v il" ;i .!!• ^ -lirM^W—*^'* COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYACIE— To the I'ACllTC OCEAN, &c. 4-5 from being handlbmc i however, fonic of mir gi-ntle- n«n paid their addrcflcs to them, but without cllict. Thc(c were alfo kindly received, and rondmU-d to the pl«ce where the woodcr* were at work, with w horn it wai not long before they were acquainted. I'hcy w crc, however, mifcrableobjeiUi and Omiah, though led by natural ip'puirc to an inordinate dclirc for women', «»•> fc difRiilled with them, that he fired his piece <»()' to friuhtfn them from his ours Ibrth her luxuriant exuberance tocloaththis country with a rich variety; hut, what appeared llraiige to eviry ohfirMr, the few natives we law were wholly infenlihic of tlmfe bleffings, and feemcvl to live like the beads of the tbreft in roving |>arties, without .irtsofany kind, llcep- ing in fuinnicr like dogs, under the hollow lides of the trees, or in the wattled huts made with the low branches of ever-green Ihnibs, fluck in the ground at fmall diftances fron> each other, and meeting together at the top. We had, in the morning, obfcrved feveral of the natives fauntring along the Ihore, from « hich we con- fliKlfd, that, thwigh their conlUrnation had made them leaVc us rathci abruptly the preceding day, they thought wc intended thet>i no milchief, and were de- firous of renewing the intercinirfe. Of this wc were foon convinced j lor we had not been long landed be^ fore twenty of them, men and boys, joined us, w ithout exprclling the lead lign of fear or diflrufl; one of whom was diftinguifhed not only by his deformitv, hut by the drollery of his gefliculaticnis, and the feem- ing humour of his fpeethes, though we could only guel's at their general import, the languiige fpoken hei-c being wholly unintelligible to us. Our Commander thought this to be dirterent from that fpoken by the inhabitants of the more northern partsol this country, whom he inet with in his full voyage ; which is not extraordinary, liiice thofe wc now law, and thofe we then vilited, differ in feveral refpciils : particnilarly with regard to t\ye texture of cheii hair. 'Ihe natives whom the Ciiptain met with at Endeavour Hiver in 1769, are No. S2. fiid, bv him, "(ohavc iiar\irally long and bl.uk h.iir, though it lie iinivtif.dly cr wm VkuH 4 m 4:k., jfal im im m?t 426 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. gcnious gentleman, will, by the curious part of onr readers, always be thought worth attending to. There is, obfcrves Mr. Andcrfon, a beautiful Tandy beach, about two miles long, at the bottom of Adventure Bay, formed, to all appearance, by the particles which the fea wallus from a white fand ftonc, that in many places bounds the fliore. This beach, about two miles long, is well adapted for hauling the feine. Behind it is a plain, with a brackifli lake, out of which we caught, by angling, fome whitifh bream, and fmall trout. The parts adjoining the bay arc moftly hilly; and both thefc and the flat arc adorned with one continued foreft of tall trees, rendered alnioft impaflable to ftrangers, by breaks of fern, ihrubs, and fallen trees : but on the fides of fomc of the hills, where the trees arc thin, the only interruption is a coarfc grafs. Northward of the bay is low land, ft retching farther than the eye can reach, covered only with wood in certain fpwts ; but an opportunity was not afforded us »f examining in what peculiarities it differed from the hilly country. The foil on the flat land, and on the lower part of the hills is fandy, or confifts of a ycllowilh earth, and in fome parts of a rcddilh rlay j but farther up the hills, it is of a grey tough call, and appeared to be very poor. Be- tween the hills, the water drains down from their fides, forming at lalt fmall brooks, fufiicicnt to fupply us with water: yci, upon the whole, this country bears mai marks of being dry ; and, fetting aiide its wood, might be compared to ,\frica, about the Cape of Good Hope, (though that lies 10 degrees farther northward) rather than to New Zealand, on its other fide, in the fame latitude, where every valley, however fmall, is furniflied with a conlidcrablc ftream of water. We found the heat here cxccftive ; infomuch, that birds were fcldom killed an hour or two, before they were almoft covered w ith maggots. No mineral bodies, nor ftoncs of any other kind than the white fand ftonc, were obferved by us; nor could we find any vegetables that afforded the fmalleft fublirtcnce for men. The foreft trees arc all of one kind, and generally ftraight ; branching but little till towards the top. The bark is white, which makes them appear at a diftancc, as if they had been peeled. The leaves of this tree arc long, narrow, and pointed ; and it bears clufters of white miall flowers, whofe cups were, at thLi time, plentil'ully fcattcred alwut the ground, with another fort refembling them fomewhat in fliapc, but much largcrj which makes it probable that there are t«o fpecics of this tree. The bark of the fmallcr branches, fruit, and leaves, have an agree- able pungent taftc, and aromatic fmell, not unlike peppermint. The nex tree obferved was a fmall one, about I o feet high, brandling pretty much, with narrow leaves, and a large, yellow, cylindrical flower, confift- ing only of a vaft number of filaments ; which, being fhr 1, leave a fruit like a pine-top. Both thefe trees arc unknown in Europe. Of plants, by. no meins nume- rous, we found a fpecics ofgLidiolus, rufh, bell-flower, faniphirc, wood-lorrel, milk-wort, cud-weed. Job's tears, molfcs, and feveral kinds of ferns but the fpccies are either common, or, at leaft, found in fomc other countries, particularly New Zealand. The only quad- ruped wcfaw diftindly was a fpecics of opulFum, about twice the fi/.e of a large rat ; of a dufky colour above, tinged with a brown or rufty caft, and whitifti below. About the third of the tail, towards it« tip, is white, and bare underneath ; by which it probably hangs on the branches of trees, as it climbs tnefc, and lives on berries. The kangooroo, found further northward in New Holland, may alfo be fuppofed to inhabit here, as fomc of the natives had pieces of the fkin of that animal. From the dung wc faw almoft every where, and from the narrow tracks perceived among the ftirubbery, it fhould feem alfo, that they arc in confide, rable numbers. The principal forts ot birds arc brown hawk* or eagles, craws, large pigeons, ycllowifh paro- quets, and a fpecics which we called motacilla cyanea, from the beautiful ar.uvc colour of its neck and head. On the (hore wcri; feveral gu!!?. b'ack oyfter-catchers, or fca-pics, and plovers ot a ftonc colcur. Thefe birds are all lb fcarcc end iliy, that they »ixuft have been 3 i hanafTcd by the natives, who, perhaps, obtain much of their fubfiftence fro^ them. About the lake behind the beach, a few wild ducks were feen, and fonie (hags ufed to perch upon the high leaflefs trees near the fliore We obferved in the woods fome black ilhfnakes; and we killed an unknown large lizard, 1 5 inches long, and fix rounds beautifully clouded with black and yellow. The fea affords a much greater plenty, and, at leaft, at great a variety as the land. Among a variety of filh wc caught rays, nurfes, leather jackets, breams folcj flounders, gurnards, fmall fpotted mullets, a little fifh with a filver band on its fide, and elephant fifhej, which laft are the moft numerous, and, though inferior to many others, are very palaublc food. The next in number, and fuperior in goodnefi, is a fort none of iis rccollcfflcd to have fcen before. It partakes of the nature both of a round and flat fifti, having the eyes placed very near each other, the fore part of the body much flattened or dcprelTed, and the reft rounded. It is of i brownifli fandy colour, with rufty fpots on the upper part, and whitifb below. From the quantity of fiimc it was always covered with, it feems to live after the manner of flat fifli, at the bottom. On the rocks are plenty of mufclcs, and other fmall fhell-fifh : alfo great numbers of fea-ftars, fmall limpets, and large quantities of fponge, one fort of which, that is thrown on the fea-fliore, but not very common, has a moft delicate texture. Upon the beach were found many pretty Mcdufa's-hcads 1 and the ftinking fca-harc, which, as mentioned by fomc authors, has the property ef taking oll'the hair by the acrimony of its juice i but the fort wc examined, was deficient in this refpedt The infcds, though few, are here in confidcrable variety; fuch as grafs- hoppers, butterflies, and feveral forts of moths, finely variegated. Here are two forts of dragon-flies, gad, and camel-flies ; feveral forts of fpideis; and fomc fcorpions ; the laft arc rare. But the moft troublefome, though lefs nunKrous tribe of infcds, are the mufquitocs; and a large black ant, the pain of whofe bite is almoft intolerable, during the fliort time it lafts. The inhabitants, with whom wo were converfant, fccmed mild and chcarful, with little of that favage ap- pearance, common to people in their fituation: nor did they iliCLovcr tlie leaft rcfcrve, or jealquly, in their in- tenourfc with ftrangers. With refpcA to perfonal adivity or genius, they difcovercd little of cither: as to the lalf, they have, to appearance, Lfs than the half- animated natives of Terra del Fuego, who have not invention fufficicnt to nuke cloathing for defending thenifelvcs from the rigour of their climate, though furnifticd with materials. They difplay, however, fome contrivance, in the manner of cutting their arms •xnd bodies in lines of dift'erent diredioris, raifed above the furface of the Ikin, Their inditTcrence for our pre- fcnts, their general inattention, and want of curiofity, were very remarkable, and teftified no acutenefs of undcrftanding. Their complexion is a dull black, which they lometimes heighten, as wc fuppofed, hf fmutting their bodies ; for a mark was left behind on any clean fubflance, when they handled it. Their hair is pcrfeitdy woolly, and is clotted with greafe and red ochre, like that of the Hottentots. Their nofes, though not Hat, arc broad and full, as is the cafe with moft Indians; and the lower part of the face projeds con- fiderably. Their eyes are of a moderate llze, and though not very quick or piercing, they give the countenance a frank, chearful, and pleafingcalt. Their teeth are bro,id, but not equal, nor well fct; and citlicr from nature, or from dirt, not of fo clear a white as is ufual among people of a bl.uk colour. Their mouths arc rather wide; but this appearance may lie heightened, by wearing their beards long, and clotted with paint, in the fame manner as the hair on their heads. Upon the whole, they are well proportioned, though the belly is rather protuberant. Their favourite attitude is to ftand with one fide forward, and one hand grafping, acrofs the bark, the oppofitc arm, which, on this oc- calion, hangs down by the fide that projcds. What the poets tell Ui of Fawns and Satyrs dwelling in woods and JM-tuf.ii PaMhrht-ft tx^-ffra-rf/f^mt arKim^^ttur*\fil' Pmfe9'H^t'fvrJivw. U/r.'ON/ Sea OTTER^w/y^/y, Northwest Coast ./America 'WL "^^IbBbI^ ^t^er ;^S1 K^^ ^^^^^ki'ody of adventurers, without advancing the private purpofe of the individual, or enabling him to gain the objed of his wifhcs. I believe it has been generally found among unciviliaed people, that where the women are eafy of accefs, the men arc the firlt to otter them to flrangersj and that, where this is not the cafe, neither the allure- ment of prefenls, nor the opportunity of privacy, will be likely to have the dcfired elfed. This obfervation, I am furc, will hold good, throughout all the parts of the South Sea where I have been< Why then Ihould rtien ad fo abfurd a part, a* to rifk their own fafety, and that of all their companions, in purfuit of a gratifica- tion which they have no probability of obtaining;" and, which if obtained, we may add, is tMt only breaking a divine command, but contrar)' to an indilpenfiWtf obli* gation. Lji^M ObU^ 428 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. cfttion, of doing as wc willi, in like circumftances, to DC done unto. On the joihi having got pbenty of wood and water on board, and whatever clfe the country aft'orded, tlie fignal was made for unmooring; and, a light wcftcrly breeze fpringing up, at eight o'clock A. M. we weighed anchor, and took our departure From Adventure Day. By ten wc had put to (ea, and both (hips were under fail I foon after which^ the wind became louthcrly and produced a perfect ftorm; but veering in the evening to the E. and N, E, its fury began to abate. I'hi^t gale was attended with an alinofl intolerable heat, which however, was of fo Ihort a continuance, that fonic of our company did not perceive it. In the night, between the 6th and 7th of I'ebruary, a marine belonging to the Difcovery fell over-board, and was drowned, which was the fecond iiusfortunc of the kind her crew had cxw- ricnced fmce her departure from England. Wc iiclj on our dired couife for New Zealand ; and on Momlay, the loth, we defcried Rock's Point, which bore S. E,by S. about eight or nine leagues diftant: upon whuih wc llcered fur Cape I'arewell and Stephens's llland. C M A P. III. ■•^il Tbf Ref)Iutioii and D/fcn-nj, hiiviiiz arrived tit Ntiv ZraLittJ, niuior in their old jhi I ion in ^teen Chnrlolte's Sound — Tjviy- aitioHi ibire, and iiitertoiir/e ivilb the Nex /.eahiiiders. — Information f^ained fnin the natives 'Ji-ilh rry^ard to the iti,ii'. /iicre of the Adventure's lioal' i-cyeu—l\vo violent Jlorms — An aecoitnl nf Kahoora, ',A.'o beaded the parly that killed « people — Tzi 4d eiil, fluff U/ .•.'C JfMWffUflff •■ I'WII* »--*»* bV J iVV %. tvt% ••» JIVI til, 1 •-. *>( > V(.r.. w/ f Iftf^vUf It, ^^ f.\I (.'t .t»l «■ ( f.l a/f. ' I » f f.'tif ^i/ff^ Tj^^ people — Tzi'o \niilhs embark on l/oardthe Refolulion to attend Omiah — Hrjlonciil, crilieal, and nautical o/{li'rvalio>is~-7lif hijacent ennnlryfif i^iieen (luirhiie's Sound de/hiied — The foil, plants, animals, iSe.—A defenpiion of the perfjin aiui eujioms of the inbaliilanls— Their drefs, ornaments, hnildin^s, avis, eanoes, hats, '.veapons, ide.— Their berrid erueliv la their enemies, zvben prifoners, idv/i' Mies tbnecn Charlotte's Sound. In the after- noon we landed a number of empty water calks, and cleared a place for two obfcrv atories. We likew ife let tip tents for the guard, and of fuch of our people, whofc bufinefs might make it ncceilliry lor them to re- main on ihorc. In the mean time feveral canoes, tilled with natives, came along fide of the lliips; but very few of thofc who were in them would venture alward. This appeared the more extraordinary, as captain Cook « as well known to them all: one, in particular, had be«n treated by him with dilUnguilhed kindhefs, during his Hay here in a former voyage : yet now, neither pro- feffionsof friendfliip, nor prtlents, could prevail upon this man to come into the ihip. We could only account for this referve by fuppoiing, that we had revilitcd their country, in order to revenge the death of captain Fur- neaux's people, who had been killed here. But upon captain Cook's alluring them of the continuance of his friendfliip, and that he Ihould not molell them on that account, they foon, laid alide all appearance of fufpi- cion and diftruft. On Thurfday the 13th, we pitched two tents, one for each Ihip, on the fame fpot where we had formerly ercdlcd them. We aifo fct up the ob- fervatories. in which Mcfi'rs. King and Bailey inunediately commenced their agronomical operations. Two of our n\on were employed in brewing fpruce beer; while others lilled the water cafks, collected grals for the cat- tle, and cut wood. Thofe who remained on board were occupied in repairing the rigging, and performing the nccelfary duties of the fliips. A guard of marines was appointed for the protection of the diflerent par- ties on lliore, and arms were given to the workmen, to repel all attacks from the natives, if they had been in- clined to mokll us; but this did not appear to be the safe: for during the courfeof this day, a great number of families came from dill'erent parts of the coaU, and rook up their retidence clofe by us ; fo there was not a fpot in the cove where a hut could be put up, that was not occupied by them, except the place w here we had lived our little encampment, The facility w ith which they build their temporary habitations, is very remark- ible. They have been feen to erect more than twenty of them on a fpot of ground, that, not an hour betbre, was covered with flirubs and plants. They generally bring fome part of the materials with them; the rcfl tl>ey tind upon the premifei. Our Captain was prcfent when a numl>er of people landed, and built one of their villages. The canoes had no fooncr reached the lliore,' than the men leaped out, and took poirelTion of a piece of ground, by tearing up the plants and Ihrubs, orlliek. ing up (ome part of the framing of a hut. They then returned to their canoes, and fccurcd their weapons, by letting them up againrt a tree, or placing thcin in furli a jKilition, that th^y could be laid hold ot in an indanr. While the men were thus employed, the women were not idle. Some were appointed to take care of the canoes; others to fccure the provilions, and the few utenlils in their poflellion; and the rell went to gather dry iVicks, that a (ire might be prepared for drrllin^ their victuals. Thefe huts are (ulliciently calculated (or artbrding fhelter fronj the rain and w ind. The fame tribe, or family, however large, generally airociatc and build together J ("0 that we frecpicntly faw a village, as well as their larger towns.divided into dill'erent dillrids, bv low pallifades, or a (imilar method of fepafation. We received condderable advantage from the natives thus conung to take up their reddencc with us : for every day lome of thcin were employed in catching (ifh, a good (hare of which we generally procured hi exchanges. This fupply, and what ourow!\ nets arnl lines alibrded us, was fo ample, that we feldont were in want of (ilh. llelidcs which, we had other refredi- ments in abundance. Celery, fcurvy-grafs, anil jkirf- able foup, were boiled w ith the peafe and wheat, for lx)th (bips companies, every day, and they had fpruce beer for their drink. Such a regimeri would foon have removed all feeds of the fcurvy from our j>eople, if any of them had contracted it ; but the truth is, on our ar- rival here, wc had only two invalids in both (hips, on the (ick lift, and thefe were on board the Refoliition. We were occa(ionally vitited by other natives, beliilcs thofe who lived dole to us. "I'heir articles of traOic were filli, curiodties, and women; the two (irll of w hich were ea(ily difpofed of, but the latter did not come to a good market, our crew having conceived a diilikc to them. Captain Cook obfervcs upon thisoc- cadon, that he connived at a connedion with women, bccauie he could not prevent it ; but that he never en- couraged it, becaufe he dreaded the confequences. " I know, indeed, fa\s the Captain, that many men aa' ol opinion, that fuch an intercourfc is one of our greatell fccurities amongft (avages; and. perhaps they who, cither from necellity or choice, aitfto remain and fettle with them, may find it fo. But with travellers and trandent vUitors, (uch as wc w ere, it is generally otbcr- wifc; and, inourlituation, aconnection with their wo- men betrays more men than it favcs. What clfe can be reafonably expciitcd, (incc all their views are fellilli, without the Icalt inixturc of regard or attachment, My COOK'S THlRD«nd iLAt T VoVAGE— Tb' tHc PACIFIC OCEAN, fic. 4^f :r crew had Mv own expcrienrc, at lead, which hath bci.'.^ m' .tty exieiilive, hath not pointed out to inc one inllance to thu contrary." AiTiong our occaflonal vifitors was a chief calico Kahoora, who headed the party that cut off captain Fiirncaiix's people; and himrdf killed Mr. Rowc, the enicLT who commanded. He was far from being be- loved by his countrymen, fomc of whom even impor- tuned captain Cook to kill him, at the fame time cx- prelling their difapprobation of him in the fevtTcIl icrms. Aftrikinuproof of thedivilions that prevail among thcfc ptople occurred to us; fcjr the inhabit- ants of each village, by turns, folicitcd our Comman- der to deftroy the other. On the 1 5th, we made an exciirfion, in fearch after grafs, and vilited a Hippah, or fortified village, at the S. W. point of the ifland of Motuara, and the places where our garden had been planted. Wc found many of tlic fjlants and roots in a flourifliing condition in the fpots that had been culti- vated by captain Furneaux's people, but of the feeds fown by Mr. Bailey in 177;?, not the Icaft vcftige re- mained. It is probable they had been rooted out to make looni for miildings, when the villa<;e was rein- habited. At the other gardens, now wholly over-run with weeds, wc found cabbages, onions, leeks, purllain, railillics, muftard, and a few potatoes. Thefe lalV, brniiglit from the Cape of Good Hope, had been prcatlv improved bychan;t of that of New- Zealand : but in a journal, belonging to a gentleman on hnar.l the Difcovery, thiscircumllance is dilferently re- lated, and as this, and thecharacier of Omiah, is con- tr.uv to that given by the company of the Uefolution, we thrill here lav it before our readers. " Omiah, who could fi arcc m.ikc himfelf underllood, nor indeed could heumlerlland t!ie natives fo well as many of the coni- iiiiin men who liad been frequently here bel()re; yet be- iiya lavouritc with captain Cook, was always preferred when ill company, to confer with the natives, and was Jeiired by him, when he met any of them alone, to (|'jcUion them concerning the m.dTacre of our people il;At had happened fonie time ago, and I'rom what e.mfe it took us rifcj and he hoped to come at the tiuth, as the natives, in general, were friendly and ready to furnilh the Ihips with whatever their countr)- allimioil. Uut from w hat Omiah was able to learn, cap- tain Cook received no fatisfaiJtion, It fliould feem, that in Otaheitc there are two dialects fpoken, as in ai- moll every other part of the world ; one by the priells, and another by the common people. This was appa- rent here; forTupia who accompanied Mr. Banks to No. 5:. this place, in cajjtain Cook's fecond vrtysjj;^ Wiilf(lVK¥ world, could canverfc with the nati\fs fiiit-itly'.'nnff'Wsi^ in fuch cfteem with them, that his nirnjory is hifd in veneration from one end of the ilf.Uid rp^'tlie (^•^lti'■'*y, this day; Obedec likew ife, who w'as cf ihc da's oi-aVti. oes, or gentlemen, and who accompanied r^intni'^'Cnok'; in his ]ai\ voyage, from Otaheitc to th.c Hebrides',' Nev'i' Z-ralajid, F.alter Illand, and the M;ui]nir;i's. could (o't\- verfe with the New /cal.indcrs, tlm :;',Ii Oini:'.h couldf not, a proof that he was of the infcritir cl:i!"s in hh Ow'rr country. While we continued here, he fimnd frciiucnt ojiportunitics to difcover bis real character, \Vhcn Vrorn under the watchful eye of hisprotcdor anel friend. He had grog always at his command, and was fometimeS cntrufled to give it out, cfpecially when a;iy cxtii quantity was to be delivered by the Captain's (irdcis for hard fervice, or on days of feflivity. At thofe times he was ( lofely watched, and was never known to ruii into excefs ; but when the Captain was abroad for whole days and nights, and he left i,i charge of liquors, he fee no bounds to his excefs and would drink, till he wal- lowed like a fwine in his ow n lilth. At thofe times he outac'led the lavage in every kind of fcnfualitv; anil when he could no longer ;ict the brute, he wduld often act the drunkard; dorni'ig, roaring, bn'ndilbing his arms, and by the contortions of his mouth :ind iaci", letting at defiance, alter the manner of his couiirry, xhc whole holl of hii enemies, who v.crc rcprcfentid liy tbe comiii.-n failors, wiihwhoni, ii|)on thefe occdiivy;:, he was generally furroundtd; and wh" knew how to pra-- tice upon him, as lu' endeavoured to do nj-.on ilv poor /ealander.s. He was indeed far iVnm being ill ni',i;.-ed, morofe, or vindietisc; but he w:i ; fometinics iulky. He was natural!}' luimble, but h.id gmv, n proud by habit; anel pride fo ill became him. that he was al- ways glad when he could put it nil', and appe ir among the petty otlicers with his natur.d cal'c. This was the true character of Omiah, (in the ojjinionolour joiirna- lill). who might be laid, perhaps, by accident, to have been railed to the highell pitch of human happinefs, only to fuller the oj)po(ite extreme, by being again re- duced to the lowcli (iiilcrof rational beings." Feilio, and the rell v ho were prelent of the natives, anfwered all the(]uell(ns put by Omiah, by captain Cook's order.N, without reserve, like men who had no concern in the iinlc)rtunatc tranlaction at Grafs Cove. Their inli)rmation imported, that while the boats-crew of the.Xilventure were at dinner, fomc of tlie natives Hole, or fnatched tioin them, (oine lilh and bread, for which olVencc they received I'oiiie blow : a (pKirrcl en- fiied inimeiliately, and tuoof thcNew Zenlanders were (hot dead, by the only two nv.il'quets that were Hred ; for before a third was difcliarged the natives rullied fu- rioully upiin our people, and, hting fiipeeior in number, delhovcd them all. IVilio, an.l hi.-, coiiipanioin, alio po',nt(.\l out the I'pot w'c,'. re the cpiairel happened, anel ilic phue where the boat lay, in which a I'Luk fei-.ant of captain I'urneaux hail been left to take care of ir. .\eeording to another account, this negro was the oc- c alien of the quarrel; for one of the natives Healing fomrihiiig out of the boat, the black g.r.e him a vio- lent blow with a Hick. His countrymen l'.c:iri:ig his cries, at I'linc diHaikc, imagined he was killed, and im- mediately attacked our people, whobel'orc they could reach the boat, or prepare tliemf^ Ives againll the lu'cx- peCte>i alHuilt, fell a liuriticc to the fury of the exal'pe- ratcd lavages. The ti)rmcr of thefe accounts was cor-* roboratcd by the telliinony of many other natives, wha could have no inteicfl in difguiling the truth. The latter account rclls upon the authority of the young New Zealandcr, who quitted his country for the fake of going with us, and who, therefore, coulel not, as wc may rcHionably fuppnfe, be inclined to ileceivc us. As they all agreed, that the alfray happened while the boat's-crew were atiliiuicr, both the accounts may be true; for it is by no means improb.ible, that, while fomc of the illandcrs were llealing from the man who had been left to guard the boat, others might take equal li- berties with thole w ho were on Ihore. It a[>pcarj, that there was no premeditated plan of bloodnied, and 5 O^ thsr. Ml ♦30 Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLEX li. that, if thefc thefts hail not been latlur too lulHIy rc- fcnted, all mifchief would have l)ccn avoulcJ j tor Ka- hoora's grcacell enemies aL'km)wlalgc>l, that he hail no previous intention of quarrelling. With regard to tlw Doat, fome faid, tHat it had been pulled to pieces and burnt; while others afferted, that it had been carried olT bv a party of rtrangcrs. We have received from a gen- tlenir>' on board the Difcovery fome other remarkable particulars, relating to this myrterious affair, included in the relation of an adventure, which, though the parties arc not of the highcft clafs, our readers, notwith- (landing, may think worth relating. Belonging to the Difcovery was a youth, with whom a young Zealander girl, about fourteen years of age, fell deiperately in love, nor was (he w holly inditferent to our adventurer. What time he could lp.\rc, he ge- nerally retired with her, and they fpent the day, but oftenerthe night, in a kind of lilcnt converfation, in which, though words were wanting, their meaning was perfedly underl^ood. Moments tly rapidly on, tiiat are fpent in mutual endeavours to picafe. She, on her part, had no will but his own, and he, in return, was no lefs attentive to hers. Minds fo difpofed n.iturally incline to render thenifelves agreeable. A confoniiity in man- ners and drefs become (ignificant ligns between lovers. Though he appeared amiable in her eyes in the drefs of a ftranger, yet he wiflied to render himfelf more fo, bv ornamenting his perfon aftertlie tafliion of her coun- try; accordingly he fubmitted to be tattowcd from head to foot; nor was IliC Icis folicitous to fet i>lf hcrfclf to the bert advantage. She \ud fine hair, and her thief pride was in the drefs of her head. The pains llie took, and the decorations (lie ull\\, wouUl ha\e done honour to an European beauty, had not one thing been wanting to render it Hill more pleafing. (iliowannahe (that was her name) though young, w.is not fo delicate, but that the traits of her country miglu be traced in her locks. To remedy this misfortune, and to render it lefs otTenlive, die was furnidied with combs, and taught by her lover how to ufe them. After lacing pro- perly prepared, he would by the hour amiifc himfelf with Arming her hair into ringlets, w lych flowed care- kfslv round her neck, with a kind ol coronet riling from her temples, gave her an air of dignity, that added Irelh charms to the brilliancy ot' her eyes. The diflike ariling from colour gradually wore oil, and the ardent deiiie of rendering their fentiments more and more intelliuible to each other, gave rife to a new lan- guaiTC, conliliing of words, looks, and gelhires, by which pleafure and pain were more forcibly exprellai than b\ the moll relined fpeech. Having ai full aciiuircd the art of imparting their pallion.s, they \er> loon im- proved it to the ftory o.f their lives. l^)ve and jealouf) directed her enijuiries concerning the «omen in the -world from whence he came, w ilhing, at the fame time, that he would Itay with her, and be a Kakikooor chief. He made her to underlland, that the women in her countrvwerc all tatoo (man-killers) and if he (laved with her flie would kill him. She replied no; (he would ch-na-roiv, love him. He faid her pco[)le would kill him. Shi leplied no, if he diti nut llioot them. He made her to underrtand, that nine or ten of the men of this w orld, had been killed and eaten by her peojilc, thou"h they diil not flioot them. 1 !cr anfwer wu.^, that V ;is a "leat while ago, and the people came from the lulls loa.roa, meaning a great way off. This excited bis curiolity to know, if any of her relations were among the murderers; flic fighcd, and appeared much aifected, when he afked her that quetlion. Ele de- manded if Ihe was at the feaft when they broiled and f.it the men? She wept, and, looking wiOifully at him, hun^; down her head. He became ftill more prcding as (he grew more refervcd. He tried every w inning way that love and curiofity fuggefted, to learn from her what he found Ihe knew, and what Ihc fccmcd fo determined (o conceal; but flic artfully evaded all his queltions. He alked her, «hy flie w.as fofecret? She pretended not to undcrllaiul him. 1 le repeated the fame quef- tion, at the fame time doling his eyes and keeping them fliufc She continued to weep, but made him no an- f« er. l-inding all his pcrfualions inelfedlunl, he turned from her, (eemingly in anger, and threatened to leave her. She caught him round the neck in a violcit w\. tation of mind. He alked her what (lie meant, and why Ihc wept.> She diid, they would kill her if Ihc'tiikl He faid, ihey iliould not know it. Then he would hue her, (lie faid. He anfwered no, but love her more and more, prclling her to his bofom at the fame time : upon which (he grew more comixifed, and faid (lie wmild tell him Jl (he knew. She then made him underlland, that one Goolx)a,a bad man, who had been often at the Ihin and had llolen many things, when he came to know that it was preparingto depart, went upintotht hilleoun- try, to the hippah, and invited the warriors to coins down and kill the (f rangers. They at firll refufed, fay. ing, the (\rangers were Wronger than they, and would kill the n with their pow-jxiw, or fire arms. He toKJ them, they need not fear, liir he knew where they mult come before they departed, in oiderto get grafs for their goury, or cattle, and that on fuch occalions they left their pow-pow behind them in the Hiip, or cnn'ldl.ly about the ground, w hile they were at work. They laid, they were no enemies but friends, and they nuiil not kill men w ith whom they were in frieiuiniip. (iix.ljo^ faid, they were vile enemies and wicked men, and com. plained of their chaining him, and beating him, and (hewed them the marks mid bruifcs he had recened at the (liip ; and told them Ixlides, how they might lileii.e their pow-pow, by only throwing w;ittr o\er tlicni and then they could not hurt them. Ci'ooboa likmilc undertook to conduct them infalety to the pl.uf ulu-re the tliangers were to come, and (hewed ilaiu where they might conceal themfelves, till he (liould come .iiid give them notice; which he did. That when the iimi were bufy about getting grals, and not apprchemiin.r any danger or harm, the warriors rullied out upon then" and killed them, and afterwards divided their hod ki among them. She added, that there w ere women a well as men concerned ; and that the women made the (ires, while the warriors cut the de.td Ixidies in pieces. That they did not eat them all at once, but only their hearts and livers; that the warriors had the heads, which wereerteemcd the bell, and the rell of the tlelli was dillributed among the croud. Having by varum? qucllions in the cour(e of feveral davs, extorted this re- lation, of which, he faid, he had no reafon to doubt ihc truth, he forbore to a(k her, what part her relation^ and harfclf bore in this tragedy, as there was reafon ro be- lieve, they were all equally concerned. ' He was, how- ever, very folicitous to learn, if any fuch plot was now in agitation againll tiic people that might be fent, upon the fame (Vrvice to (;ra(s Cove, or any other conve- nient place. Her anfwer was, no; the warriors were afraid at fird, that the (hips were come to revenge the death of their friends, and that was the reafon whv flic was tiirbidden to fpeak of killing the (Irangers, (ir to own any knowledge of that incident, (hould Ihe be quellioned concerning it. She faiil, ilie was but a child, not ten years old; but (lie remembered the talk of it, as a gallant adion of great atchievement, and tint fongsofpraifc were made upon that occalion. In the courfc of his coiuerfation with this girl, who kc .' to be of the fei-ond clals, he learned many t' 's con- cerning the natural temper of the natives, and their do- mertic policy. She faid, the people of T'.AvJ.Poc- nammoo, or thcfouthern diwlion ot the .Hand, wcie » fierce bhxnly people, and had a natural haired to the people of Ea-hei-no-mauwe, and killed them, when found at any time in thei.' country; but that the people of Ea-hei-no-mauwe were a good people, and Iricniliy to one another, but never fuffcred any of the people of T'Avi-Pocnammooto fettle among them, becaufe they were enemies ; that thefe two nations, the people of the north part of the found, and thofc of the foutli, were ever at war, and eat one another; but that the people of either country, when they fought, never cat one ano- ther. With re(ped to their doineftic policy, (lie faid, the fathers had the fole care of the boys as loon as they could walk, and that the girls were left wholly at their mother's difpofal. She faid, it was a crime for a mo- ther -*'■ V-A ii«i4l*w*-> COOK'S THIRD ami LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 431 ihcr to (orrcilt her fon, after he was once taken under the protection of the father ; and that it was always rc- fjittii by the mother, if tlie father interfered with the iiiinaf^iiiicnt of the daughters. She faid, the boys, from their infancy, were trained to war, and both boys and girl'' w"-" tauRbt the arts of fidiing, weaving their nets, and making their hooks anil lines: that their unofs came from a far country, and they got thein in exchange for cloth, which was chiefly manufaiilured by the women : that their weapons and working tools (icfcended from father to (on, and that thofc who were taket) in battle fupplied the riling generation : that they had no kings among them, but that they had men who convcrfed with the dead, who were held in irrcat veneration, and confulted before the people went to the Mars: that thcfe were the men who addrcllcd Uriinpers that came upon thecoan,lirll in the language cif peace, at the fame time denouncing vengeance afiainll them, if they came with any holHIe ilelrgn: that their ptrlbns were held facred, and never killed ill the wars, which ever fide prevailed : that w hen the warriors of either nation made prilbners, they were never of the meaner fort, butoffome chiefs, whom they afterwards killed and cat, but that to the com- mon fort they never gave quarter : that they fomctimcs tortured an enemy, if they found him lurking fingly in the woods, looking upon him as coming upon no good dclignj but never othcrwifc: that they lived chiefly upon filli, which were caught in the (ound in abun- dance, during the fummer ; but that it. ihe winter they retired to the north, where they fubliflcd on the fruits of the earth, with which they were fupplied for their labour, working in the plantations, or afTilling the builders in fabricating their boats. The intelligence , thus obtained from this young Zea'andcf appears to be authentic from many circumllances; but chiefly from oWerving, that the large vclfels that came (tarn the north to trade, fevcral of them having tjo or loopcr- i;mu)n board, had never any filli to fell, but were laden \mh the various manufaClures of cloth, wotxl, and urccii ftones, formed into implements of ufe, or con- filhng of raw materials ready prepared lor fabrication. Their cicws appeared to be ol a fuperior clafs to ihofe vho cnnHantly plied 111 the found, and were under pro- pcrdiftipline; whereas the filliing boats feemed tobe the liilc [iroiKTty ol thciM copiers, no other perfon claiming anv lupcrioritv over them. O'lr party belonging to the Refolution continued in Grafi Cove till the evening, when having loaded the reU of the boats w ith grafs, ccllery, iicr. we then em- batked to return to the fliips ; but had fcarccly left the fliore, when the wind began to blow violently at N. W. fothat it was not without great difliculty that we could reach the fliips, where fome of the boats did not arrive till the next morning , and we had but jull got aboard, when the gale increafed to a perfedt florm, attended with heavy rain : but, in the evening, the wind veering to the eafl, brought on fair weather. No work could go forward on the 17th, but on the i8th our men re- lumed their difltrent employments, the natives ventured out to catch fifli, and Pedro with his whole fainily.camc torelide nearus. Thcpropcrnameof thischiefis Mata- houah ; but fome of Captain Cook'sTompany had given him the appellation of Pedro in a former voyage. On Thurfday the loth.we had another llorm, of lefs duration than the former, but much more violent ; and we had fcarcely men enough on board to hand ihc fails. By ten o'clock, A. M. the ftrong gales drove the Difcovery from her moorings ; and it was owing to providence that, having run foul of the Refolution, ihe did not pcrilh, the lurge carrying her oft' inflantaneoufly, with little damage to cither fliip. All hands on board were thrown into the utmoft confufion. No fooner was (he clear than both Ihips got down top-gallant-yards, ftruck top-gallant-mafts, lowered the yards, got in the cables, moored with their beO bower anchors, and happily rode out the (lorm. I'hefe temncfts are fre- quent here ; and the nearer the Ihore, the more their ctViCl^ arc felt •, for the neighbouring mountains, w high, at theft times, ar» loaded with vapours, not only in- creafe the force of the wind, but altfcr its dircdion in fuch a manner, that no two blafls follow each other from the fame quarter. The gale continuing the whole day, no Indians came to trade. On the 21ft, a tribe or family of about 30 perfons came from the upper part of the found to vifit us, whoih we had hot feen before. Their chief was named Tomatongeauooranuc. He was about the age of forty-five, having a frank, chearful countenanccj and the reft of his tribe were, upon the whole, the mofl handfomc of all the New Zealanders that we had feen. By this time upwards of two-thirds of the natives of Queen Charlotte's Sound had fettled near us, numbers ofwhoiti daily re- forted to the fliips, and our encampment on fliore j but the latter was mofl frequented, during the time when our people were making feal-blubbrr ; for no Green- landers were ever fonder of train oil, than our friends here feemed to be: they reliftied even the dregs of the caiks, and fl delivciel, the two captains ami ollicers were enjoying their hoiile. At tirll it only furnilhed a fuUjCiit of harmlefs |i!ea- fantry ; but it came to he lerioully debated at lal), whether the iinn IliouUI be fent tor back, or tot.iily dcferted. Some were in doubt, whether iii accident might not have happened ; but th.it doubt was foon cleared up, when it was known, that his ell'ects were mil'ingas well as the man. Moll ol the ollicers pic- fent were for leaving him to foUow his own humour; but Captain Cook tliinking it would be a bad pre- cedent, and an cncnuiagement to other enamouiatocs, when they came to the happier climes, to tollow hii example, was tor fending an armed force, and briiij^iiig the lover back at all hazards. Of this opinion was Captain Clerke, with whom this man was a favourite, who gave orders for the (Utter to be properly manned, a f'er)cant's guard of marines to be put on board, and his medinate as a guide to ilirect them to the plica where he was to lie tuund. Thelc orders were inllantly carried into execution. It was midnight betbre tite cutter could reach the landing-place, and near two in the morning betijre the marines could find the fpot where the lovers ufed to meet. They furpri'/.ed him in a profound fleep, when he was dreaming of f»nly king- doms and diadems ; of living with his Ghowannahe in royal IlatC; bi being the lather of a numerous progeny of ■<-V^-^4v.v.. COOKs THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PAClFfC OCEAN, ficc. 433 „ — ■ iiiiiii ■ _^^^^^^^^^_^^^_^ fed her grief bjr pundhirw made in her face, arms and neck, and wherever defpair prompted her todiredt the bloody inllrumcnt : fo that one might think, thofe favagc people, whofe bodies arc expofed to the feveri- ties of the feafbna, are not fo fulceptible of pain at thofe of a finor tc«iirc j otherwife, her perfonal feelings mull have bcrn cxquifite, independent of thofe of her mind. Uiit we ftiall now take leave of the two lovers, and continue the hillory of our voyage. It was about fevcn o'clock, A. M. when the Rcfo- lution and Uifcovery cleared the cove, and about eleven when they caft anchor near the ifle of Motuara. Before our arrival at New Zealand, Omiah had exprcfTed adcfirc of taking one of the natives with him to his own country. He foon had an opportunity of gratify- ing his inclination ; for a youth named Taweiharooa, the only fon of a dcceafed chief, offered to accompany him, and took up his refidence on board. Captain Cook caufcd it to be made known to him and all his friends, that if the youth departed with us, he would never return. This declaration, however, had no effedl; and this afternoon, Taratoutou, his mother, came on board to receive her lalf prefcnt from Omiah. The fame evening fhc and Taweiharooa parted, with all the marks of tender affcdion that might be expcdted be- tween a parent and a child, who were never to meet again. But Ihc laid (he would weep no more, and kept taithtully her word ; (or the next morning, when (he returned to take a lall (ari-wel of her fon, (he was quite chcarful all the time (he remained on board, and de- parted with great unconcern. A boy, named Kokoa, about ten ten years ot age. accompanied Taweiharooa asii (ervant: he was prilented to Captain Cook by his own father, who purtcd with him with fuch indifference, as to (trip him, and leave him entirely naked. The Captain h.iving in vain endeavoured to convince thefe people of the miprobability of thefe youths ever re- turning home, at length confcntcd to their going. Iliough much has been (aid concerning this country and Its inhabitants, in the ?';counts of Captain Cook's two (ormer voyages; yet Ins obfcrvations made at this tmie, and the remark* of the ingenious Mr. Anderfon, being the rcl'u!t ot accurate examination, may not be conlidered by our friends and refpedtable fubfcribcrs as altogether fupcrtluous. Alxjut Queen Charlotte's Sound the land is uncom- monly mountainous, riling immediately from the fea into large hills. At remote diltances are valleys, termi- nating each towards the fc.i in a fmall cove, 'with a pebbly or fandy beach; behind which are flat places where the natives ufually build their huts. This fitu- ation is the more convenient, as a brook of fine water runs through every cove, and empties itfelf into the fea. The bales of the mountains, towards the (horc arc conftituted of a yellowiOi fand-done, which requires a blueiih cafl where it is tallied by the fea. At fomc places It runs in horizontal, and, at others, in objique be in fome fear for the pirty of marines, who were fent to bring him back. Before he came in (ighr it had been propofcd to try him as a dcferter ; and thcrctore inltcad of being received in his own (hip, he was ordered on board the Refolution, where he underwent a long examination, and made a full confeinon o( all his views, and of the pains he had taken to bring them to iKrtcction. He faid, the firll idea of defertion (true k hnn, when in an excuriion round the bay, in which he attended C'.iptain Clerke, he was charmed with the bemtyof the country, and the fertility of the foil ; that (fcinjj; the gardens that had been planted on l»ng Illind, at Motuara, and other places, in (o Hourilhing a condition ; and that there were F.uropean Ihecp and hof,-*, and goats, and fowls, fulTicient to (lock a large plantation, if collected together from the different places where they had been turned loofe, it came into hii; head, that if he could meet with a girl that was to his liking, he could be happy in introducing the artsof Kuropcan culture into (o fine a country, and in hiving the (oundation of civil government among its inhabitants. This idea improved u()on him hourly, and when he happened to meet the girl before men- tioned, who had (ccn him in his tour, and who had (niio'Aed him to the tents, and had learnt from herfcif, that love had brought her there, it iuflamed his detire beyond all bounds. And finding her inclination to iiiict the wilhes of his heart, he no longer hetitatcd, but became firmly refolved, at all events, to yield to fhc force of inclination. He had revolved in his mind, he faid, the hazard and the reward ; and had concerted with Ghowannahe the plan tor his efcape. When Captain Cook heard his (lory, his refcntment was con- verted into Liughter at the wild extravagance of his plan, which he thought truly romantic, and inftead of trying him for defertion, ordered him on board his own (hip, the Difcovery, to be punifhed as Captain Clerke (hoiild think proper, who, on his return aboard, fent him to the gun to receive one dozen Of ladies ; and thus terminated all his hopes of being a mighty emperor, Thcdiftrefs of Ghowannahe is hardly to be conceived; left a woeful fpeClaclc, to lament her fate. She expref- No. sj. Ml 'pi W 434 Capt. C O O K ■• VOYAGES C O M !♦ L li T F. which, however, it never cxceffive, and doct not Uft •bovc a day. In fhort, this would be one of the finct\ countries upon earth, were it not fo extremely hillv i which, fu|)|Mling the woods to b< cleared away, would leave it lei's proper lor pafturage than flat landi and in' linitelylefs To for cultivation, which could never be efi fcolcd here by the plough. The large trees on the hills arc principally of two forts. One of them of the fvit of our largcll nrs, grows nearly after their manner. This fupplied the place of fpruce in making becri which was done with a decoc- tion of its leaves, fermented with fugar, or treaclct and (his liquor was .uknowledged to be little inferior to American fpnicc-becr. The other fort of tree is like aninple, and often grows very large, but is tic only for fuel: the wood of tnat, and of the preceding, are too heavy for cither malts or yards. \ greater variety ff trees (^row on the flati behind the beaches: two of thcfc bear a kind of plumb, of the fize of pruncsi the 9ne, which is yellow, is called karraca, and the other, which is black, called maitao; but neither of them h:td 4 pleaHint tallc, though eaten both by our people and the natives. On the eminences which jut out into the ka, grows a f^Kcicsof philadelphus, and a tree bc.iring flowers aln\ort like a myrtle. We ufed the leaves of the philadelphus as tea, and found them an excellent Tub- llitute lor the oriental fort. A kind of wild celery, which grows plentifully in almoQ every cove, n>.iy be reckoned among the plants that were ufeful to us, and alfo another w hich we called fcurvy ^rafs. Both forts wcrelioilcd daily with wheat ground in a mill, for the diips companies brcakfafl, and with their peafc-foup for dinner. Sometiinrs they were ufed as fall.id, or dreflTcdasgreensj in all which ways they are excellent; and, together with the filh, with which we were plenti- fully fupplicd.they formed a moft dclirable refrefliment. The known kind of plants to be found here arc bind- weed, night-rt»adc, nettles, a Ihrubbery fpeedwell, fow- thiAlcs, virgin's bower, vanelloe, French willow, euphor- bia, crane's bill, cudweed, rulhes, bulmlhes, Hax, all- heal, Amcric-in night-fliatle, knot-grafs, brambles, eve- bright, and groundfcl; but the fpecies of each arc dif- ferent from any we have in liuropc. There arc a great number of other plants ; but one in particular delerves to be noticed here, as tJK- garments of the natives are made from it. It grows in all places near the fea, and (bmctimcs a confiderable way up the hills, in bunches or tufts, bearing ycllowifli flowers on a long ftalk. It is remarkable, that the greateft part of the trees and plants were of the berry-bearing kind ; of which, and other feeds, Mr. Anderfon brought away nearly thirty diflercnt forts. The birds of which there is a tolerable good ftock, are almoft entirely peculiar to the pKicc. It would be ditTicult and very fatiguing to follow them, on account of the quantify of underwood, and the climbing plants ; yet afiy perfon, by continuing in one place, may ;Tioot ,as many in a day as would fcrve feven or L'.^ni pcr- ' fons. The principal kinds arc large brown jnrrots, with grey heads ; green parroiiuets, large wood. />igcons, and ' - o forts of cuckoos. A grofs-beak, about the fize of a thrulh, is frequent; as is alfo a fmall green-bird, which is ahuoft the only mufical one to be found here ; but his melody is fo fweet, and his notes fo varied, that any one would imagine hinifclf furroundcd by a hun- dred diflerent forts of birds, when the little warbler is exerting himfclf. From this circumllance it was named the mocking-bird. There arc alfo three or lour forts of fmaller birds; and ari ong the rocks are found black fea-pies, with red bills, and creftcd fliags of a leaden colour. About the fliorc, there arc a few fea-gulls, fomc blue herons, wild ducks, plovers, and fomc land- larks. A fnipe was fliot, differing very little from that fpecies of birds in huropc. Infects here, arc not very numerous: we faw fomc butter-flics, two forts of dra- gon-flics, foiiie fmall grafs-hoppers, fevcral Ibrts of fpiders, fomc black ants, and fcorpion-flics innumera- ble, with whofe chirping the woods refounded. The fand-fly, which is the only noxious one, is very nume- rous herc.and isalmoft as difagrccablcas the npufquitoc. The only reptiles we f«w, were two or three fortj of j- olVenlive lizards. In this extcnfive laud, it in rcirmk able that there (luMiId not even be the tian-s .,t ,ii,y quadruped, except a few rats, and a kind ol |,ix.ii(J which is kept by the natives as a tlomcllic aiiinwl, \,,f have they any mineral dcfavingof npticc, butaVu'il jafper or ferpent-flone, of which the tuoli and onu. ments of the inhabitants are matle. This u held h, high eft iination among them; and they entertain fon,, fuperlliiioui notions about the motic of its giucr.uion which we could not comprehend: they fay it is mkcri from a lar^c river (ar lo the fuuthward litis di(i)o''ai n, the earth in detached pieces like Hints, and, like them the hedges are covered with a whicilh cru(h ' Mofl of the lilli wc caught by the fcinc wen- cic. phant-fllh, mullets, folcs, and flounders; but the \u. lives fupplied us with a kind of lea-bream, large toiirn'r eels, and a (illi of five or lix |x>unils weight, i allcil liy the natives a mogge. With a hook and li-ie wc « auirlit a blackilh filli, called colc-lilh by theCeauun, hut ilii. fering greatly from that of the fame iiaiiie in Kuioik* We alfo got a fort of fmall falinon,lkate, gurnards, ;iii,| nurfes. The natives fometimes furnilhed us with haki- paracutas, parrot-filh, a fort of mackarel, and hailia jackets; belidcs another, which is extremely fcanc, oi the figure of a dolphi-- in colour black, anil «iih llionf boney ja«s. Thefe in general, are excelkiu to eati but the fmall fulmon, cole-lilli, and mogge, are fiipcrior to the others. 1 he New Zealanders, we mean thofe of thini wIid inhabitab)ut Qjccu Charlotte's Sound, are a people who appear to be jKrItclly Iktishcd with the fmall pittance of knowledge they have acquired, without attini|)iin^ in the kail to improve it. Nor arc thty reniaikably curious, either in their obfeivations, or their im|iiirics. New objects do not flrike them with fuch a divrce of furprize as one would naturally expect; nor clo tiuy even lix their attention for a ntomcnt. Omiah, indtcd, who wai a great favourite with them, would limutimcj attract a circle about him; but they feemed to liftcn to hisfpeechcs, like perfons who neither underflood, nor willied to underlland, what they heard. In general, they are ivot fo well tanned, cfpetully about the limb>, as the Kuropeans, nor do they exceed them in Ihiurc, Their lining fo much on their hams, and bcin^ de- prived, by the mount.-iinous diluolitionof thecountrv, of ufingthat kind of excrcife which would render ilie b, from a dcepilh black to an olive or ycllowilli tin(,'e. In general, however, their faces arc round, their lips rather full, and their nofes, (though not flat) lar^^'c to- wards the point. An aquiline nofe was not to Ix' Hen among them; their eyes are large, and their teeth arc commonly broad, white, and regular. The hair, in ge- neral, is black, flrong, and Araight; roinmonly cut fliort on the hinder part, and the lell tied on the crown of the head. Some, indeed, have brown hair, and others a fort that is naturally dilpofcd to curl. Th; countenance of the young is generally free and open; but in many of the men it has a ferious, or rather (ullen cart. The men are larger than the women; and the latter .ire not dillinguifticd by peculiar graces, either of form or features. Both fexes arc cloathed alike: they have i garment, made of the lilky flax already mentioned, about fi\c feet in length, and four in breadth. This appears to Ix; their principal manufacture, which is pertbrmed by knotting. Two corners of this garment pals over their ftiouldeis, and they fatten it on the bread with that which covers the body: it is again faflened about the belly with a girdle in.ide of mat. Sometimes they cover it with dog Ikin, or large feathers. Many of them wear mats over this garment, extending from the (houlders to the heels. The moll common covering, however, is a quantity of fcdgy plant, badly manufac- tured, ■f ..» ami oiiu. ' H luld II, ^'"■•iii Ibiim K''i>'' .1 »• ?<♦ ^: tfr "p-';: '^'" l*^t*:'s;ft/)j,;?^iv .if^ ■«8^»l-Kj'l«' mf. •iVV I' I ,1» • :••■«»■ •.'^' ■«*. -#^jii|. 4*^' ■ 'IHi '*'*'< ••r- .-4^ 'fc^„ ..•V- 1 ?'»■??. -;«1^»? ^•:^t i.U.,?fe^' ■-S.„ h.'/l-Vv •f*:.-* ?!»' J*V if''^ fi'» mn ).)». ♦«>-«l«l.' :i •ti; •HU ■Tin ■•*<>• ■<4f '^i^. ;Vj't, .-•:•« :-^h '■^•^ifjtMt^'r' 'ir: 'V h ». 1^**44 -, y V y m % m -!•— cook's third and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 439 tured, faftened to a Ihing, and thiown over the fhoul- (icrs, whence it falls down on all fulcs to the middle of the thighs. When they fat down in this habit, they could hardly be dilUnguiflied from large ^rcy Hones, if their black heads did not projert beyond their cover- ings. They adorn their heads with feathers, combs of bone or wood, with pcarl-lhell, and the inner flats confill of planks raifcd upon each other, and laltcned with llrong withes. Many of them arc 50 feet long. Sometimes lliey fallen two together w ith rafters, which c call a double canoe: they frequently carry upvards of 30 men, and have ;v large head, ingenioufly carved and painted, which fcems intended to rcprefent the counte- nance of a warrior, when engaged in the heat of action. Their paddles arc narrow, pointed, and about five feet long. Their fail, very feldom ufed, is a mat formed into a triangular (liape. When the weather will not fulTer them to go to fea, mufcles and fea-ears fupply the place of other filh. Sometimes, but not often, they Kill a few penguins, rails, and flwgs, which enable them to vary their diet. Conliderablt number of their dogs are alfo bred for food ; but they depend principally on the fea for their fubliftencc, oy which they arc inoft bountifully fupplicd. They drefs their filh by roarting, or rather baking them, being entirely ignorant of the art of boiling. It is thus they aifo drefs the root of the large fern-tree, in a hole prepared for that purpofe : when drefTed, they fplit it, and find a gelatinous Iiibftanc« w ithin, Ibmewhat like fago powder. The fmalLer fern-root fecms to be their fubftitutc for bread, being dried and carried about with them, togcti.i with l.irgeciuantities of dried filh, when they go tir from their habitations. They are as filthy in their feeding as in their perfoiu, which often emit a very olfenfive cflluvia, from the quantif of greafe about them, and fn;'ii their never walliing, tneir ocads arc plentifully llocKcd with vermin, which they fonietinKS eat. Large quantities of llinking train oil, and blubber of feals, they would eagerly devour. Wlicn on board the fhips, thry not only emptied the lamps, but adlually fwalloweil the cotton with equal cagcnuf*. Though the inliabitaius of Van Diemcn's Land would not even talle our bread, tliefe pi oplc ile- voured it svith thegrcatcfl eagernefs, even « hen it was rotten and mouldy. In point of ingenuity, they arc not behind any unci- vilized nations under fimilar circunillanccs: ff)r, with- out thealliflanceof metal tools, tluy makceviTy thing by which they procure their fubfilkiu e, cloailiinir, and warlike weapons, with ntatnefs, firength, and conveni- ence. Their principal mechanical tool is formed iri the manner of an adze, and is made of the ferpent- flone, or jafper: their chiffel and gouge are furnillisd from the fame material, though they are fometimes com- pofrd f^f black folid flone. Carving, however, is their mai.ci-piece, which appears upon the molt trifling I'liings: the ornaments on the heads of their canoes; not only difplay much defign, but execution. Their cordage for fifliing-lines is not inferior to that in Eng- land, and their nets are equally good. A fhcll, a bit of flint, or jafper, is their fubifitutc i'or a knife, and a fliark's tooth, fixed in the end of a piece of wood, is their auger. They have a faw made of fonic jagged filhea teeth, fixed on a piece of wood nicely carved; but this is ufed for no other purpofe, than to cut up the bodies of thofe whom they kill in battle. Though no people arc more ready to refent an injury, yet they take every opportunity of being infolcnt, when they apprehend there is no danger of punilbmcntj whence it may be concluded, that their cagcrnefs to refent injuries, is rather an cU'eiit of a furious dif- pofition than g'"iuinc l)ravery. They are naturally dilhiilH'ul and lulpicious, for llicli as are (hangers ne- ver venture immcil lately to vit'it our fliii^s, but keep at a fmall diliance in their boats, ohferving our motions, and hclitating whether they lliould riflv their fafety with us. They are to the lafl degree diflione(V, and ftca^ every thing within their reach, if they fuppofe they can efcape detedion; and, in trading, they fcem inclined to take every poflible advantage; for they never truft an article out of their hands for examination, and fcen» highly pleafcd if they have over-rcsched you in a bar- gain. Such conduct indeed is not furprifing, when it IS confidercd, that there appears to be little fiibordina- tion, and few, if any, laws for the puniflmient of tranf. grellbrs. No man's authority extends beyond his owrj family; nnd when they join at any time, for mutual de- fence or fafety, thofe among them w ho are molt emir nent for valour and prudent conduct, arc directors. Their public contentions are .iliuoft perpetual, for war is their principal prolellion, as appears from theit number of weapons, and their dexterity in uiing them. Their arms are fpears, patoos, and halberts, ani{ fome- times flones. The lir(t are from five to thirty I'cci long, made of hard wood and pointed. The paioo 13 about eighteen inches long, of an eliptical lliapc, with a handle made of wood, (lone, &:c. and appears to be their principal dependancc in biittle. The halb.rt is about five or fix feet in length, tapering at one end witl\ a carved head, and broad, or Hat, w ith fliarp edges, at the ither. Before the onfet, they joi.i in a war long, ke ping the cxadlelt time; and, by degrees, work them-. fclvesinto a kind of frantic fury, accompanied with the moft horrid dillortions of their tongue;, eyes, and mouths, in order to terrify their enemies. To this fuc- ccedsa circumllance, that is moft < riiel, and difgrace- ful (0 human nature, wMch is mangling and cutting to pieces (even when not perfectly leaii) the bodies of their enemies, and, after roafting them, dcvoining their flcfh with peculiar fatisfadion and even [ilcadire. It might naturally be fiippofed, that thofe who could be capable of fuch cvccfs of cruelty, mult be totally dc- ftitutc of every human f:cling, and yet they lament the lofs of their friends in a manner the molt rer.der and att'edlionate. Both m-n and women, upon the death pf their relations or friends, bewail them with the moft mifcrable cries; at the fame time cutting large gnflus in their cheeks and foreheads, with Ihclis, or pieces of flint, till the blood flows copioully, and mixeswiih their team They alfo carve a refemblanc;- of an human figiue, and hang it about their necks, as a memorial of tliofe who were dear to them. They alfo pcrforir. the ceiemony of kimcntiuiT tutHfM M:l 4:^6 Cipt. C O O K -s VOYAGES COMPLETE. lamenting and cutting for joy, at the ntiirn ot a tritnd who li;\s liccn Ionic time ahlVnt. The praftices of the f.uhcrs, whether gooil or bad, their children are, at an early ;ige, inUructcd in; fothat you find a child of cither fex, ot the a).'c of nine or ten years, able to imitate the frighttiil motions and gelUircs of the men. '1 hey alfo fmg, and with Ibmc degree of melody, the traditions and acHons of their forellithers, with which they are im- modor.itelv delighted, ar.d pafs nuuh time in thcfe amu(cnients, accompanied (bmcrimes with a kind of flute. I'lom captain Cook's obfervations, and from the in- formation of 'laweiharooa, and otiicis, it appears, that the New /.calanders mull live iintier perpetual apprc- henlions of being dellioyed by each other; there be- ing lew of their tribes that have nor, ?..■. ihcy think, fiillained wrongs from (ome other trihes, which :hey are continually upon the watch to rcvcnge. And, per- haps, the delire of a good meal may be no fmall in- citement, [t is I'aui, tliat many .ears will fometimes el.ipfe, before a favouralile o],|()rtunity happens, and that tlic foil never lofts light of an iniiiry that has been done to his lather. Their method of executing their horrible deligns, ishy lUalint' upon the adverfe party in the night; and if tliev Mud tiKiii unguarded, (which is very leldom the cafe)thev kill every one indilcrimi- narelv; not even fparintr the woii'.en and children. When the malliicre is completed, they either feaft and gorge themfelves on the I pot, or carry oH as many of the dead bodies as they can, and devour them at home, vith acts of lavage brutalitv too lliocking to be de- fcrihed. If they are difcovered before they can exe- cute their bloody purpofcs, they generally ffeal off again; but are fometin.es puiliiecl and atta( ked by the other partv, in their tuiii. I'o give (|iiarter, or to take priloneis. trakes no part cA theirnulitary law; fo that the vn)U|uilhcd tan only favc their lives by Hight. '1 his per[ie:ual Ihite of war, and licllructive methotl of lon- ducti.git, operates (o lUongiy in producing habitual circu iifpection, that one hardly ever tinds a New Zea- landtrotf his guard, cither ly night or by day. In- deed, no other man can have luch powerful motives to be vigilant, as the prefcrvation both of body and foul depends upon it: for according to a principle in their creed, the foul of a man whole tlelh is devoured by the enemy, is doomed to a perpetual lire, mIiiIc the foul of the man whofe body has been refcued from thole «ho killed him, as well as the fouls of all who die a natural death, afcend to the dwellings of the gods. \S hen enciuiry was made, whether they devoured the fielli ot fuch of their triends as had been kilkd in war, but whole bodies were laved from falling into the enemies hands.' 'I'hey feemed (iirjiri/ed at the quciUon, which they anfwcrcd in ti.e negative, exprefling fonic abhorrence at the very idea. 'I'heir common method of difpolingof their dead, is by depoliting their bo- dies in the earth, but if they have more of their llaugh- tered enemies than they can ear, they throw them into the fea. As to their religion, we can fay little concerning either its principles or ceremonies; but we know its in- ftruclions are very llrongly inculcated into them fr»m their infancy: of which a remarkable inllancc was feen, in the youth, who was lirll dell incd to accom- pany Taweiharooa. He refrained from eating the greatell part of the day, on account of his hair being cut; though every method was ufcd to induce him to break hi . refolution; and he was tempted with the offer of fuch victuals as he was known to cllcem the molt: but he fiid, in anfwer to our prelling folic itations, if ht eat any thing that day, that I''.atooa would kill him. However, towards evening, the cravings of nature got the better of his profcUed tenets, and he cat, though fpanngly; it was thought before this, that they had Come fuperlhtious notions alx)ut their hair; for wc fre- quently oblerved quantities of it tied to the branches of frees near fome of their habitations; but we could not learn Irom what notions, or on what account this was done. I'hey have no morais, or other places of public worlhip; nor do they ever afTcmblc together with this view : but they have prielh, who alone addrefs the gods in prayers, for the profpcrity of their temporal affairs; fuch as an enterprize againrt a hoftile tribe, a filhlng party, or the like. Polygamy is allowed among thcfe people j and it is not uncommon for a man to have two or three w ives. The women arc marriageable at a very early age ; and it ftiould fecm, that one who is un- married, is but in a forlorn Itatc. She can with diffi. culty get a fuhlillencc: at leaft Ihe is, in a great mea- fure, w ithout a protector, though in conllant want of a powerful one. Their language is neither harlhnor difagreeable: and yet the pronunciation is frequently guttural; and what- ever qualities are requilitc to make a language inufical prevail to a high degree in thisj which wc obfcrved particularly in the melody of their fongs. Itisnot.in- deed, fo comprehcnfivc as our European languages, whichowe their perfection tolongand gradual improve- ment. Mr. Andcrfon collected both now and in the courfe of our forirer voyage, a great many of their w ords, (h «s to foi m a pretty large vocabulary ; and be- ing, in his enquiries, very attentive to the languages of the other illands throughout the South Sea, he has af» lorded us the amplelt proof of their wonderlul .agree- ment, or rather identity. This obfcrvation has been already made m our hiftory of former voyages, and we Ihall now llrengthen it by a new fpccimen or frelh lift of words; and by placing the correfponding words as ufed at Otaheite in another column, the reader will be able to judge by what changes the difference of dialed has bttiiKlteCtcd. A I .\lil.K of Seled Words ufed in the Idands of Ntw Zealand and Ota hi it. Niw Zeal.xnd. Otahlits. y • isH. Moenj'a Moera /' ' F.paipe Pcpc Uutterfy Piirra, purra l'"re, ere li/ack Makkaitedc Maieedc Cold Hekaee I'.V To Cbcu) or cat Wyerov') l-.ro A Do^ stall Kaoo, matte Matte, roa De^'' . .Lad Koow ha F.ooha A •cinale Makoic Matou / .JhJjook I-!rerrc Erairc To Fly Reenga F>eema A IL„J Ewharrc liwharrc Hoiife Keerahoi Erahoi Large Tangata Taata A Man Toa V.tcia. Male kind Woho Woho Out, not 'd'itbui Whairo Oora, oora. Red Nohoanna Nohonoa To KeJiJe Mango Mao A Shark Ka Powhy Owhy Stone Opanec Moca Opanec Moc Shut To Sleep Agooanai AooMial To-day Gectaia l\etca ToUnderfland Ewy Evy IVater Taooa Taooa ' m Kahaia Tehaia , ■ IVknishe Ema Ooama in,te Taeninnahoi Ninnahoi Tcfterday Warrc Ooaro Forgot Numerals, Tahacc Atahay One Rooa Erooa Two Toroo Toroo Three Faha Ahaa Four Reema Ercma Five Ono Aono Six Hectoo Ahcito* Sri^Cf! Waroo Awaroo Eight Eeva Aeeva Nwe Angahoora Ahooroo Ten Ma-tah.->cc Elnan Ma>rooa '■Twelve, (£c. ty prefixing the urticleMi. Mangahoora I'Ktnly 3 Thui N;i,..i^' lo alone add rcfs the ' of their temporal I a hoflile tribe, a y is allowed among )n for a man to have ■c marriageable at a that one who is un- >he can with diffi. is, in a great mea- condant want of a ir difagreeable: and ^ttural; and what- language mufical, which wc obfervcd aiigs. It is not, in. jropean languages, d gradual improve- th now and in the reat many of their ocabulary; and bc- o the languages of th Sea, he has af- r wonderful agree- fcrvation has been cr voyages, and *e cimen or frefh lift fponding words as the reader will be fferencc of dialed in the Idands of i"A iiirt. ISH, Uutterfy lUack Cold To Chrw or cat 4 Dog's tad Df-'\ lad •male f. fi-hcok To I'ly ' Hand llou/f I^irge Man Male kind Out, not ■within , Red ro Rejide Shark Stone Shut To Sleep To-day To Uttderjland IVater IVe H-'Iktc is he in,te Tc/krday Forget One Two Three Four Five Six Eight Nine Ten iingthe urticltMi. Thw COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 4^7 Thus ^*t: haVe mcntiohcd all the particulars that fame under our obfervatioM, ano which wc think worth relating, during oiir intercourfc with the New Zealandcrs: we have only to add fome very remark- able information which Captain Cook received from Taweiharooa. " One day, (ays the Captain, on inquir- ing of Taweiharooa, how mtiny (hips fuch as ours, had ever arrived in Queen Charlotte's Sound, or in uny part of its neighbourhood? He began with giving an account of one abfolutcly unknown to us. This he laid had put into a port on the N. W. coaft of Teera- witte, but a very icw years before I arrived in the Sound in the Endeavour, which the New Zealandcrs dillinguilh, by calling Tupia's (hip. At firfl^, I thought ho might have been miftakcn as to the time and place; and that the (hip in qucftion might be either Monfieur Surville's, who is faid to have touched upon the N. E. coaft of Eaheinomauwc, the fame year I was there in the Endeavour; or clfe Monfieur Marion du Frefnc's, who was in the Bay of Idands, on the fame coaft a few vcars after. But he a(rurcd us that he was not mif- takcn, cither as to the time, or as to the place of this fliiii's arrival ; and that it was well known to every body about Queen Charlotte's Sound and Tccrawittc. He faid, that the Captain of her, during his ftay here, cohabited with a woman of the country; and that (lie had a fon liy him, now living, and about the .ige of Kokoa ; who, though not bofn then.fcemcd to be equally well acquainted with the ftdry. We were alfo in- formed by Taweiharooa, that this (hip firft introduced the venereal difeafe among the New Zealandcrs. It were to be wilhed, that fubfequcnt vifitors from Eu- rope may not have their (hare of guilt, in leaving fo dreadful a remembrance of them airiong this unhappy race. ITic diforder now is but too common here; though they do notfeem to regard it; faying, that its elfeas arc not near fo pernicious at prefent, as they were at its firft appearance. The only method, as far as I ever heard, that they make ufe of as a remedy, is bvgivingthc patient the ufc of a fort of hot bath, which tney produce by the ftcam of certain green plants laid over hot ftones. I regretted much, that wc did not hraf of this ftiip whdc we were in the found, as, by means of Omiah, we might have had full and corrc(fl information about her from eye-wit- nclTcs. For Tawciharooa's account was only from what he had been told, and therefore liable to many millakes. I have not the leaft doubt, however, that his tellimony may fo far be depended upon, as to induce us to believe, that a (hip really had been at Teerawittc, prior to my arrival in the Endeavour, as it corrcfponds with what I formerly heard. For in the latter end of 1773, the fccond time I vifitcd New Zealand, during m) lornKr voyage, when we were continually making invjiiiries about the Adventure, after our (cparation, foincof tht natives informed us of a ftiip's having bccri in a port on the coafi of Teerawittc: but, at that time, wc thought wc muft have mifunderftooil them, and took no notice of the InformAtion. V\'e had ano- ther piece of intelligence from him, though not con- firmed by our own obfcrvations, that there are fnakes and lizards in l^fcw Zealand of an enormous lizc. He dtfcribcd the iatter as being eight feet in length, and as big round as a man's body. He faid that they fomc- timcs fei/.c and devour men; that they burrow in the ground ; and that they arc killed by making fires at the mouths of the holes. Wc could not be mifiaken as to the animal; for with his own hand he drew a very good rcprcfentation of a lizard on a piece of paper; as alfo of a fnake, in order to (hew what he meant." In the morning of Tucfday the 25th of February, wc left the found. By the mean of the refults of many •llronomical obfcrvations, wc found the latitude of Ship Cove to be 41 dcg. 6 niin. S. and the longitude i]^4deg. 45 niin. 15 fee. E. At ten o'clock, a light brce/e fprmging up at N. W. by W, wc made Tail through Cook's Strait, with the Difcovcry in company. On Thurfday the 27th, we cleared Cape Pallifcr, and took our departure from ihcnce. It bore W. di(\ant about fcvcn leagues. We had no\i a fine gale, and " No. 5^. (leered towards N. E. When we had loft fight of land, our two youths from New Zealand, not with- ftanding their employment of fiftiing near the ftiores from their infancy, began to repent of the adventurous ftcp they had taking. Seeing only foaming billows round them, their hearts failed: they began to pine, and rcfufcd to cat. When Captain Ckrke with Mr. Burney came on board our ftiip, they ran and hid them- fclvcs. difcoveringa great panic. It did not appcat that their fear took its rife from the thoughts of being carried back, becaufe when the gentlemen returned^ they wanted to go with them. It ftiould rather fctni, therefore, that they were apprchcnfive of fome dcfign upon their lives, as in their country a confultatioa amongft the chiefs always precedes a determined mur- der. This was confirmed by their behaviour after- wards. Wc endeavoured, as far as lay in our power, to footh them; but they wept continually, and g, vc vent to their forrows in a kind of fong, which fecmed to cxprcfs their praifes of their country and people, from which they were, now, in all probability to be for everfcpar.-ited. In thisdifpiritcd ftate they continued for fcvcral days, till, at length, the agitation of their minds began to fubfidc, and their fca (icknefs, which had aggravated their grief, wore off. Their lamenta- tions then became lefs and lefs frequent; their native country, their kindred, and friends, were gradually for- gotten, and they appeared to be firmly attached to us. On the 28th, at noon, in the lat. of 41 dcg. 17 min. S. longitude 177 deg. 17 min. E. wc tacked about and ftood to the S. E. with a gentle breeze at E. N. E. which afterwards veered to the N. E. in which point the wind remained two days, fometimes blo'ving a frefti gale, with fquallsand rain. Monday, March the 1 ft, a ftorm came on, bui -s the wind was fair, wc got down the top-gallant-yards, clofc reefed the top-fails, and purfued our couffe E. by N. On the 2nd, it ftiified to N. W. and afterwards to S. W. between which point and the N. it continued to blow, fometimes very moderately, and at other times a ftrong gale. With this w ind w c (leered N. E. by E. and E. with all the fail wc could carry till Tucfday the J ith, when it veered to N. E. and S. E. :it which time we obfervcd at noon in lat. 39 dcg. 29 min. long. 196 dcg. 4 min. E. On the 1 5th, being Saturday, it blew a hurricane, attended with rain and a high fea, which breaking over our bows, cleared the decks of every thing that was not (irmly fccurcd, and fplit the forc- top-maft ftay of the Difcovcry into a thoufand fliivcrs. At night we ftiiftcd ourcourfc and ftood N. by E. half E. There were fome on board the Difcovcry who dif- approved of the courfc we had hitherto fteered, forc- fccing, that by going fo (lift to the northvfard, we fliould fall too fuddcniy into the trade winds, efpeci- ally, if wC fliould be met by an eafterly w ind before wc approached the Tropic. Among the fcamcn on board a king's fliip, there are always fome expert navigators, whofc judgment, ripened by experience, is much to be depended upon; but the misfortune is, that thefc men arc never confulted, nor do they evert dare fo inuchas to whifpcr their opinion to their fupcrior ofti- cer. Lik,c gamefiers ftanding by, they can fee the er- rors of the game, but muft not point them out till the game is over. This wc find, by the journal before us, was the real cafe on board the Difcovcry, fome of whofc people did not fcniplc to fojetcl what would happen after we had left the 39th degree of foutherh latitude, while we were yet only in the 196th deg. of caftern longitude, f hey did not fcpipicto fay that be- fore we altered our latitude to th'. N. wc ought to have ftrctchcd 13 or 14 dcg. farther eaftward of our in- tended port; and in this cafe when wc came to pafsthe tropic, we fliould be furc of a fair wind to carry us to it. On Tucfday, the i8th, having continued out courfe N. N. E. for the laft 24 hours, we found oiir- fclves, by obfervation, in lat. 33 dcg. 8 min. and in long. 200 dcg. E. that is, more "than 1 2 deg. to the welt- ward of Otahcitc. Here we faw fea weed in abund- ance, and by a large tree floating by us, wc judged that WC could not be far from land. The tree appeared to 1 438 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. be about 30 feet in girth, and by its frcflinefs fcemed to I have been no long time in the water. Saturday the aand, the hcavicd rain began to pour down that the oldcft rtiarincr, in cither ot the fliips, had ever expe- rienced. It fell in (hcets, and, as the wind increafed, the men in handing the fails, were in the utmoft dan- ger of being wadicd oH" the yards. It continued for fix hours inccffantiy; however, moft feafonably for our people in the Refolution, where the number of live ftocK, as borfes, cows, goats, and fliecp, had exhaulk-d ■a large proportion of our frefli water, and we were yctata great didance from our deftined port. Here the wind began to veer tr, the E. which had been ap- prehended by many j who finding our longitude not to Sncrcafe in proportion as our hititude decreafed, began to fufpert we liiould not make Otahcite this run. Monday, the 24th, our latitude was decreafed to 24 dcg. 24 min. and our longitude only increafed one finglc degree. The wind was E. by S. and our courfc (till N. by E. we miide confequcntly but little way. To add to our vexation, we were now in an alarming fituation, for want of provilions and water for the live Hock; infomuch, that we were obliged to kill part of our flieep and hogs, not having a fufficient quantity of water to keep them alive. As to the horfcs, and cows, they were mere Ikeletons; having been reduced to the fcanty portion of 4 pounds of hay, and 6 quarts oV water for 24 hours ; and the men were put to the allow- ance of t«o quarts of water, for the fame fpacc of time. The wind continuing foul, all hope of reaching Otahcite «as laid aiide; and the ifles of Amrterdam and Rottcrdim, were I'lis time thought to be our only rcfource. Hither. • -an was ill onboard the Difcovcry, nor was any ■ n made in her com- pany's allowance, they not li. anymore cattle on board, than were nccclfary for tne fliip's ufc. Thurf- day the 27th, we crolfed the Tropic. The weather, which for t«o or three days had been fqually, attended with thunder and lightning, increafed to a rtorm; and ve now began to be furrounded by our tropical com- panions. On the 2 Sth, the weather cleared up, and i'3>': •J I I- • ,r 4 i .. . i ..'iThu'l nO .'i ..-.;-•. ^.. . V, ;;;- ^ • ■ ..\ Yi K-;h.;..-.. .•!'.;. -ii .ti,;i;.-;i,} fU (':,.■ .'. •! .'ii'>-^I,s-//|;;; .\ii. ;,(.?.•;<■:' "j,.r!i j:.;,ii , ...ll 'I .jj>f> 00: .. - . , ,,:, v' ■: ';■-.' . , ;: ',y ... ■ ■ ■>' ,^>H' .. ..-! .T]V;. mi T; k 'ji<'.\ n'ji> wf'^d • i't bilK^J t« complexion, well made, robuft, and of a middling ftature. A fmall canoe was now launched from the moll diftant part of the beach, and a man getting into it, put off, as with a view of reaching the Ihipj but his courage failing him, lie haftiljr put t)ack. On his re- turn to the beach another man joined him inthecanof and then both of them paddled towards us. They fcemed, however, afraid to approach, till their apprc- henlioiis were removed by Omiah, who addrefled them in the language of Otahcite, Thus encouraged, they came near enough to receive fome nails and beads which, being tied to fome wood, were thrown into the c.inoc. They, however, put the wood alide without untying the ftring, which perhaps might have pro- ceeded from fuperftirionj for we were informed by Omiah, that when they obfervcd us offering prefcnts to them, they requcftcd fomcthing for their Eatooa. On Omiah 's alkinjr them, whether they cat human Hcflv, they replied m the iieg.ative, with equal abhor- rence and detcftation. One of them, named Mou- rooa, being quclVioned with regard to a fear on his forihtad, laid, it was the confequencc of a wound he had received in fighting with the natives of an illand lying towards the N. E. who fometimes invaded them, 'i'hey afterwards laid hands on a rope, but would not venture on board, telling Omiah, that their country, men on fliore had fuggerted to them this caution; and had likew ifc diredcd them to enquire whence our fliip came, and to procure information of the name of the Captain. Their chief, they faid, was called Oroo. aecka. When we demanded the name of the ifland, they told us it was Mangya, or Mangcca, to which thc; fometimes added nooc, nai, naiwa. The featuns of Mourooa were agreeable, and his difpofition, to ail appearance, no lefs lo ; for he exhibited fome droll gcf- ticulations, which indicalej humour and good nature. He alfo made others of a ferious kind, and repeated fome words with an air of devotion, before he would, venture to take hold of the rope at the ftcrn of the ihip. He was lufty and well made, though not tall. His complexion was nearly of the fame caft with that of (he natives of thc moft fouthern parts of Euro|)e,- His companion was not fo handfome. They both had flrong, ftrait, black hair, tied together on the top ot" their heads with a piece of white cloth. They had long beards ; and the iniidc of their arms, from the el- bow to the ftiouldcrs, and fome other paits, were ta- tooed. or puiuturtd. The lobe of their ears w.i.s flit to fuch a length, that one of them ftuck there a knife, and fome beads we had given him. The fame jxr- fon had hung about his neck, byway of ornament, two poliflied pearl-ftiells, and a bunch of human hair, loofely twifted together. They wore a kind of gir- dies, which we found were a fubftance manufadurcd from the morus papyrifera, and glazed like thofe ufcd in the Friendly Illands. They had on their feet a fort of fandals, mailc of a grafly fubftance interwoven, which we perceived w ere alio worn by thofe w horn we had fecn on the beach. The canoe in which they came was the only one wr faw. It was very narrow, aad not more than ten feet long, but ftrong, and neatly made. Thc lower part w.is of white wood; but the upper part was black, and their paddles were of thc fame co- lour. Thcfc were broad at one end, blunted, and about three feet long. The fore part had a flat board faf- tcned over it, which proieded out, to prevent the wa- ter from getting in. It bad an upright ftern, five feet high, which terminated at the top m a kind of fork. They paddled indillcrcntly cither end of thc canoe forward. J>..:i.>.y'.i :' 'ji'ii ' ■:. ..' ,nri,. y ^pn '\s. tu t/'vil li ,A>;J>'o iiiJJii'l •■,.*}. .•••>j ;• < .t.iii- .' :l «■>■><»,.. ',:ip! but his • _ On his re- I in the canof, ds us. They their apprc- MrelTed them Juragcd, they s and beads, roun into the alide without ht have pro- intbrincd by ;ring prefcnts their Katooa. :y cat human equal abhor- laincd Mou. a fear on his a wound he of an idand ivadid them. It would not heir country- this caution; e whence our the name of called Oroo- )f the inand, :a, to which The features )fuion, to ail me droll gef- good nature. and repeated re he would rtern of the ugh not tail, >ll with that s of Europe. ■ hey both had n the top of They had from the ti- nts, were ta- cars was flit here a knife, e fame j)er- nament, two human hair, kind ofgir. nanufadurcd tc thofe ufcd their feet a •■ interwoven, jfe whom we :h they came row, and not leatly made. t the upper the fame co- d, and about It board faf- vcnt the wa- crn, five feet ind of fork, if the canoe CHAP, i,-!^. Tooi>ot:.\i Island I, at . . 23 ■ 3 5. S. Long*, ai'o . 3'. /.'• Lat . 31 . 57 • .?. Long'. ao°l . fi3 /T . S<»ttlr d, therefore, after he had continued a fliort time o.i bo.-.rd, a boat was ordered to cany him tow?lrds the land. In his way from the cabin, happening to Humble over one of the goats, he ftoppcd, looked at the animal, and alkcd Oniiah, what birci It was? Hut not receiving an immediate anfwer, he repeated the quertion to'lome ot the people who were upon thedeik. The boat ha\ing conveyed him ne.ir the furf, he leaped into the water, and fwam alhore. His countrymen eager to larn from him what he had icvn. Hocked round him as foon as he had landed ; in which lituation they re- mained when we loll light of them. We hoilled in the boat as foon as ilie returned, and made fail to the northward. Thus were we obliged to leave this line illand unvifited, which feemed capable of fupplying ail our wants. It is liiuated in lat. ;i deg. 57 uiin. S. long. 201 deg. j-j min. I"). Thisiflandof Mangeea made a moll delightful ap- pearance; it may therefore calily be conceived with wlut rcludance we left it. Thofc parts of its coalt ivhich fell under our obfervation, are guarded by a reef of coral rock, againft svhich a heavy furf is con- tinually breaking. I'he iiland is about live leagues in circumference, and though of a moderate and pretty equal height, may be feen in clear weather at thcdif-' tancc of more than ten leagues. In the interior parfs, it rifes into fitjall hills, whence there is an eafy defcent to the fliore, which, in the S. W. part, is neej), though not very high, and has feveral cavities made by the ' dafliing of thenvavesagainH a brownifh fand-llone, of whit h it confiHs. The defcent here abounds with trees of a deep green, which feem to be all of one fort, except nearelt the fliore, where we obfervcd numbers ' of that fpecies of dracx-na, found in the woods of NeV\ Zealand. The Ihore on the N. W. part, termi- nates in a fandy lieach, beyond which the land is broken into fmall chafms, and has a broad border of trees, re- femhling tall willows. Farther up, on the afcent, the trees were of the deep green above mentioned, which fome of us imagined to be the rima, intermixed with cocoa-palms, and a few other forts. .Some trees of a higher fort were thinly fcattered on the hills, the other parts of which were covered with fomewhat like fern, or were bare, and of a reddifli colour. The ifland upon the whole, has a plcadng appearance, ami might, by proper cultivation, be inade a beautiful fpot. The natives appearing to be both numerous and well fed, it is highly probable, that fuch articles of provilion as the iiland produces are found in great abundance. Our friend Mourooa informed us, that they had no hogs nor dogs, though they had heard of both thofc animals, but that they had plantains, taro,and bread-fruit. The only birds weobferved, were fome terns, noddies, white egg-birds, and white herons. The inhabitants of this iiland refemble thofc of Ota- heitc and the Marquefas in the beauty of their per- fons; and their general difpolition feems alfo to cor- rcfpond with that of the lirlt mentioned people; for they are not only lively and chearful, but are acquainted : with all the lalcivious gclticulations practiced by the Otaheiteans in their dances. We had likewife reafon to fuppofc, that they have a fimilar method of living: . for though we had not an opportunity of feeing many of their habitations, we obferved one houfe near the ^ beach which in its mode of conltruiition, differed little from thofe of Otaheite. It appeared to be feven feet high, and thirty in length, with an open end, which reprcfented an clliplis, or oval, tranfverfely divided. ■ It was pleafantly lituated in a grove. Thefc people falute llrangers by joining nofes, and taking the hand of the perfon whom they accoft, vt-hich they rub with Ibme force upon their mouth and nofe. It is worthy of remark, that the inhabitants of the Pa- laos. New Philippine, or rather Caroline lllands, though at the diltance of near 1500 leagues from Mangeea, have a fimilar method of falutation. The language of the natives of Mangeea is a dialed of that fpoken at Otaheite, as will appear by the fol- lowing lill of words, felec'ied by the affillance of Omiah. The .agreement between them as to the or- thography is very (biking; but their pronunciation in Mangeea, like that of the New Zealandcrs, is ra- ther more guttural than that of Otaheite. ;^* '■'■ ■ .':■• ' - .■ ■:■ A LIST B'S H.* is: %Wm 440 Capt. COOK* VOYAGES COMPLETE. A List of words ufcd iiiMangcca, and compared with others ufcd at Otahcitc, taken from Omiah by Mr. Andcrfon. II Manclua. Otaiieite. Enoi.isii. Kooroo Ooroo Bmui-fruit. Ewakka Evaa ACaiiof. Ercekcc Eree A Chief. Pooroohee ACJuh. Taia, taia aoutcc Bmtc CJoth or cloth-plant Eakkarcc Arec A Cocoa-nut, Tviaheinc Maheine A Daughter. Naoo, mou Friend. Etamagec Tainaee Al'ight,orbattIe. Mata Myty Good. Manna Great, or pffiverf lit. Ereekcc, manna ~— A Po",vcr/iil chtcf. Ou VVou I. Ooma To Kifs. Taata, or Tangata Taata A Man. Aourc Aourc No. Heyhty — — A Spear. The Skre. Eiita Euta Hcctnia matooa Wahcine The Sun. A l^oman. Wahcine Oo There. Ehataiee Owytaiecoa What is that? Ace Ai 2'es. ■•■■■■ Having taken our departure from Mangeca, we held on our courfc northward, till noon of Monday the 31ft, w hen the man at the mall-head called out land, which vas foon anfwered by a fignal from the Difcovcry. It lay in the dircdlion of N. t. by N. diftanc 10 leagues. The next morning, being Tuefday the ift of April, wc were abrcaft of its north-end, and within four leagues of it. It now had the appearance of an ifland, nearly of the fame extent with that which wc had left. Ano- ther ifland, much fnialler, was alfo defcried right a-hcad. Though wc could foon have reached this, wc preferred the larger one, as being moll likely to fur- lufli food for our cattle. We therefore made fail for it; but there being little wind, and that unfavourable, wc were dill two leagues to leeward, at eight o'clock the fucceeding morning. Soon after three armed boats vcre difpatchcd, and one from the Uifcovcry, under the command of Lieutenant Gore, in fearch of a land- ing-place, anil good anchoring-ground. Mean while we plied up under the ifland with the ftiips. As our boats were putting off, we faw feveral canoes coming from the fliorc, which repaired firlt to the Difcovcry, (he being the neareft to it. Not long after, three of thefe canoes came along-fide our fliip, the Refolution. They are long an-' narrow, and are fupported by out- riggers: the head ij flat above, but prow-like below ; and the Hern is about four feet high. We bcftowcd on our vifitors ibme knives, beads, and other trifles ; and they gave us fome cocoa-nuts, in confcqucncc of our having afloats juft without the furf, and an amazing number of the iflanders on the fhore, abrcafl of them. Concluding from this, that Licu« I tenant **^ i'W,*,4v.4., fOOK's lHIKl) Mvi l,A:Dr VUYAGl-:— To the PACIMC: OCKAN, dc. 441 tenant Gore, ami oihcrs ot our people hud landed, we were impatient to know the cveiit. With a view ot obffrvim? their motions, and beinp; ready to allord them lui;'' iillillance as they might ocealionally reiiiiire, kept as ncit the (horc as was conlifteiit w ith pni- deiicc. Wc were convinced, however, that the reef WHS a very eifeCtual barrier between us and our friends who had landed, and put them completely out of the reach of our protection. Hut the natives, in all pro- bibility, vvere not fo fenlible of this tircumllancc as wc were. So"i<-" of them now and then,broup;ht a few cocoa- nuts to the ihips, and exchanged them for whatever wasort'eredthem. Thcfcoccalional vifits diminilhed the Captain's folicitude about our people who had laiukii; for though wc could procure no intelligence from our vili'tors, yet their venturing aboard feemed to imply, that their countrymen on (liore had m.ide no improper life of the confidence rcuofed in them. At length towards l!ie evcnuig, wc had the fatisfaiition of feeing the boats return. When our people got on board, wc found that Mr. CJore, Mr. Amierfon, Mr. Hurney, and Omiah, were the only perfons who had landed. The occurrences of the day were now fully reported to Cap- tain Cook by Mr. Gore. Mr. Andcrfon's account of their tranfactions, which \*as very cirrumdantial, and including fome obfervations on the illand, and its in- habitants, was to the following purport. They roweil towards a fandy lieach, where a great number of natives had alTcmblcd, ancl came to an an- chor at the diltancc of a hundred yards from the reef. Several of the lOanders fwam olF, bringing cocoa-nuts with them ; and Omiah gave them to underlbnd, that our people were delirous of landing. Soon after two canoes rame olf; and to infpire the natives with a creater conlideni c, Mr. (iore and his companions re- folvcd to go unarmed. Mr. Anderfon and Lieutenant BuiiKV went in one canoe, a little before the other; and their conductors watching with great attention the motions of the furl, landed them fafely on the reef. A native took hold of each of them, with a view of fupporting them in walking over the rugged rocks to the beach, where fevcral others, holding in their hands the green boughs of a fpecies of minio/.i, niet them, and faluted them by the junclion of nofes. They were conduced from the beach amidlt a vail multitude of people, who Hocked around them with tlie moll cagei tunofuy; and being led up an avenue of cocoa-palms, foon came to a number of men, arranged in two rows, and armed with clubs. Proceeding onward among thefc, they found a pcrfon who appeared to be a chief^ lilting crofs-lcgged on thepround, and cooling himfelf with a kind of triangular tan, made from the leaf of the cocoa-palm, with a polilhed handle of black wood. He wore in his cars large bunches of benutiful feathers of a red colour, but had no other mark to dillinguilh hiin from the reft of the people. Our two countrymen having faluted him as he Tit, marched on among the men armed with clubs, and came to a fecond chief, ador.icd like the former, and occupied like him, in fanning himfelf. He was remarkable for his lize and corpulence, though he did not appear to be above thirty years of afje. They were conducted in the fame 1 Man- ner to a third chief, who feemed older than the two former: he alfo was fitting, and was ornamented with red feathers. After they had faluted him as ihey had done the others, he dclired them both to (it down, which they willingly confented to, being greatly fatigued with walking, and with the extreme heat they felt auiidll the furrounding multitude. The people being ordered to feparate, our two gentlemen faw, at a finall dirtancc, twenty young wo- men, adorned, like the chiefs, in red feathers, engaged in a dance, which chcy performed to x flow and folemn air, fung by them all. The gentlcincn rofe up, and walked forward to fee thofc liancers, who, w^ithout pay- ing tiiein the fmallcll attention, ftill continued their daiicc. They feemed to be directed by a man, who, in the capacity of a prompter, mentioned the fevcral motions ihey were to make. They never changed the fpot, as Europ««ns do in dancing, and though No. 54. their feet wore not entirely at lell, this exercil'c con- lilled more in movinj^ their lin^^ers very nimbly, hold- ing their hands, at the fame lime, in a pioMf polition, near the face, and occalioiully cl.ipi^iiig thcin lopcthcr. Their dances and linging are perforrin d in the exaiiteft concert, and the former bear a great refeii.bUncc to thofc of the natives of the Caroline lilamls. Ihc young women had probably been inllruCteil with extraordinary care, and feiected for this ceremony, be- ing fuperior in beauty to moll of thofc who were in the crowd. They were in general, rather (tout, and of an olive complexion, with black hair How in.' in ringlets down their necks. Their lliape and limbs were elegantly formed J fortheirdrefsconnHingonlyofa piece of «lazcd cloth tied round the waill, which fcarcely reached fo low as the knees, our gentlemen had an opportunity of examining almoll every part. 'I'heir features were rather too full to conflitiu'' a perfeCf beauty. Tlicir eyes were of a deep bhuk, and their countenances cx- prelfed a great degree of mcxleily and complacency. Before theie bcHiiteoiis females had fmiflKd thcirdancc, a noife was heard as if foinc hot lis had !iecn g.Tlloping towards our gentleuii'n j and on turning their eyes afide, they faw the people armed with clubs, who liad been delired to ciuertain thcm.asthcv fuppofed.wiih an exhibition of their manner oi ligtuing ; which they did, one party purf'iing anorhcr,wlio ran awav. .\t this time Lieutenant Buincy and Mr. An'-lerfoii began to look about for .Mr. Cuirc and Omiah, w horn they at len,';th [Ticeived coming up, having been as much incommoded by the crowds of peojjlc: as they themfelves had been, and introduced in the fime manner to the tliree chiefs ; the names of whom were Otteroo, Taroa, and I'atow weera. Larh of thcfe ex- acting a prefcnt Mr. (iore gave them fuch things as he had brought with him for that p.upofe ; after which he inlormed the chiefs of his views in coming afliorc, but was dclired to wait till the next day before he lliotild have what he wanted. They now endeavoured to feparate our gentlemen from each other, every one of whom had his refpeclivc circle to furround, and gaze at him. Mr. .Anderfon was, at one time, up- wards of an houra]iart from his friends; and when he told the chief, who was near him, that he willied to fpeak to Omi.ih, his requell was peremptorilv refufed. .•\t the fame time he found that thofe near him pilfered fevcral trilling things whii h were in his pocket ; and on his com[)lainingof this treitnienr to the chief, he juf- tilicvl their behaviour. From thefe circumllances Mr. Ande.fon began to apprehend, that thev dcfigncd to detain our party among them. In this lituation he alked fi)r fomething to cat, ; upon which thcv brought him fome cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, and a fort oi' four pudiiing; and when he complaineil of the heat, occa- tioned by the multitude of people, the chief himfelf condefccnded to fan him. Mr. I'urney ■xn'm^ to the place where Mr. .\nJerlbn v.a.s, the latter informed him of his fufpicions ; and to try whether they were well founded or not, they both artemptcd to get to the beach; upon which they were foon flopped bv 'nneof fhf nati\cs, who faid they mull return to tlie place which they Iu.d left. On their coming up they found Omiah under the fame appiehciifions ; but he had, as he imagined, an additional motive of terror ; for, having obferved, that they had dug a hole in the ground for an oven, which they were now hearing, he could aflign no other rcal'on for it, than that they in- tended to road and devour our people; he went even fo far as to afk them, whether that was their intention ; at w hich they were much furprized, allips, he acknowledged that they were but fmall in comparifon with the former; yet even w ith thefe, he faid, we could w ith great eafc, at a confidcrablc dillaiKC deftroy the ifland, and every foul in it. On their enquiring by what means this could be done, Omiah produced fomc cartridges from his pocket, and having fubniitted to inf{)e(Sion the balls, and the gun-powder by which they were to be fet in motion, he difpoftd the latter upon the ground, and hy means of a piece of lighted wood, fet it on fire. The fuddcn blaft, the mingled Hame and fmoke, that fiicc ceded inl>antaneoully, filled the natives with fuch a"lonilhincnt, that they no longer doubted the formidable power of our weapons: and had it not been for the terrible ideas they entertained of the guns of our fliips, from this fpccimcn of the mode of their operation, it was imagined that they would have detained the gen- tlemen the whole night; for Omiah allured them, that, if he and his friends did not return on board the fame day, they might cxped, that our Commander, captain Cook, would fire upon the ifiand. It was now near fun-fLt, when the iflandcrs fent down to the beach the remainder of the provilions that had been dreflcd, to be carried to the fliifts; foon after which our gentlemen found a canoe prepared to put them oft" to tncir boats, which the natives did with great caution; but as they were pulliing the canoe into the furf, one of them fnatched a bag out of her, which contained a pockct- piftol belonging to Mr. Anderfon, who calling out to the thief with marks of the higheft difbleafurc, he fwam back &) the canoe with the bag. The iflandcis then putihem on board the boats, with the cocoa-nuts, plantains, and other provilions; and they immcdjntils- rdwed back to the ftiipj. The rertrained lituation of thefe gentlemen gave thrm very little opportunity of obfcrving the country; for they were reldom a hundred yards from the place where they had been introduced to the chiefs, and confequently, were confined to a few furroilnding ob^ jcds. The flrft thing that attracted their notice wa^ the number of people, which muft have been at Kail two thoufand. Except d few, thofe who had come on board the (hips, were all of an inferior clafs; tor a great number of thofc that our gentlemen mer with on lliore, had a fuperior dignity of demeanour, and their complexion was nuicn whiter. In general they had their hair, which is long and bla< k, tied on the crown of the head. Many of the oiuig nien were perfed models in fliapc, and of a delicate com- plexion. The old men were, many of them, corpu. lent; .ind they, as well as the young, had a runark- able fmoothncfs of fkin. Their general drefs conlillcd of a piece of cloth wrapped about the waift, but fome had pieces of mats, moll curionfly variegated with black and white, formed into a kind of jacket without fieeves; while others wore conical caps made of the core of a cocoa-nut, interwoven with beads. In their ears, which were pierced, they himg pieces of the membraneous part of fome plant, or Itiick there fome odoriferous flower. The chiefs, and other pcrfons of rank, had two little balls, with a conmion bafe, made of bone; which they hung round their necks with fmall cords. Red feathers arc confi:icrtd in this idand as a particular mark of dillnidion; for none but tlic chiefs, and the young women who danced, aH'uincd them. Some of the men were punctured all over their fides and backs, and fome of the women had the fame ornament (if it deferves that name) on their legs. The elderly women had their hair cropped fiiort, and many of them were cut all over the Une part of the body in oblique lines. The wife of a chief appeared with her child, laid in a piece of red cloth, which had beenprefentedtoherhufband: (he fuckled the infant much after the manner of our women. Another chief introduced his daughter, who was young, beautiful, and modeft. No perfonal defonnities were obferved in either fex, except a few individuals, who had fears of broad ulcers remaining on the face and other pans. Many of the natives w ere armed with fpcars and clubs, the latter of which were generally about \]x feet long, made of a hard bhick wood neatly poliflied. The fpcars were formed of the fame wood, (miply [winted, and were in general twelve feet long; but fome were fo (liort as to fecm intended for darts. They preferved their canoes from the fun uiuler the fhade of various trees. Mr. .\nderlbn faw eight or ten of them ail dou- ble ones; that is, two fingle ones laflied together by rafters laid acrofs. They were about four feet deep, and in length about twenty feet, and the fides were rounded with a phnk raifed on them. Two of thefe canoes were curioully flaincd all over w ith black, in numberlefs fmall figures, as triangles, fquares.&c. aiul were far fuperior to any thing of the kind Mr. Ander- fon had ever feen at any other ifland in the South Sea. The paddles were almoll elliptical, and alwut four feet long. Mofl of the trees oljfervcd by Mr. Andeifbn were cocoa-palms, fome fpccies of hibifcus; a fort of euphorbia ; and many of the fame kind he had feen at Mangeea. The latter are tall and flender, refembling a cyprefs ; and arc called by the natives etoa. This gentleman faw alfo a fpccies of convolvulus, and fomc treacle-mullard; bclides which there are doubtlefi other plants and fruit-trees, which he h.id not an oppor- tunity of feeing. 1 he foil, towards the fea, is nothing more than a bank of coral, gcneraUy deep and rugged, w hich, though it has probably been for many centuries expofcd to the weather, has fulFered no further chance than becoming black q;i its (urfacc. The reef or rot^, with which the (hore is lined, runs to different breadths into the fea, w here it refembles a high deep wall: it is of a brow nilh colour, and nearly even with the furfacc of the water; and thou],h us texture is rather porous, it i. ! )M-»' COOKs THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 443 it i.i capable of withftanJing the wafliing of tlic furf, Hhich conftaiuly breaks upon it. Thougli this illand had never before been vifited by Europeans, there were other ftrangers now rclidiiig in iti ami it was entirely owing toOmiah's accompanying Mr. Gore, that this remarkable circumftance came to our knowledge. He had fcarccly landed on the beach, when he found, among the crowd, three of his ovvncountrymen, natives of the Society Ides. At the iliftancc of about two hundred leagues from thofe ilLimls, an immenfc ocean intervening, with fiich mi- fcrablc fea>boats as their inhabitants make ufe of, fuch a meeting, at fuch a place, fo accidentally vifitcd by us, may be confidcrcd as one of thofe extraordinary and unixpcifled fituations, whichftrikca curious obferver with wonder and amazement. The mutual furprifc and pleafurc with which Omiah and his countrymen engaged in convcrfation, may ealily be iniagined. All were equally impatient; they to hear Omiah's advcn- eurrs, and Oniian to know theirs. Their ftory, as re- lated by thcmfclves, is a very aflfedting one. They faiil, that about twenty pcrfons, male antl female, had embarked in a canoe at Otahcitc, with an intention of crolling over to Ulietca; but they were prevented by contrary winds from reaching the latter, or returning to the former ifland. A dreadful tcmpcft drove them into the main ocean, and the fea, continuing to run mountains high, waflicd overboard fonie of the women and chiUlrcn, who periflied before they experienced any further diftrcfs: thai, after three days, when the ftorin abated, thofe who remained found themfelves in an unknown ocean, with little more provifions than were ncccfTary to fervc them a very ihort time: that, having no pilot to direifl their courfe, they continued to go before the wind day after day ; and, their Ifockof provifions being exhaufted, they futfcred inconceivable hardlhips: that, their number gradually diminifhed, worn out by famine and fatigue: that, thofe who fur- vivcd h.id nothing but the fea-wccd which they foimd floating in the fea, and the water which they favcd when it rained, to keep them alive: that, ten days having clapfcd, and no land in fight, dcfpair took place of hope, and fcvcral, unable to fupport the pangs of hunger, jumped overboard in their phrcnzy, and pcriftied by an rilicr death; and the groans of the dying, and the ter- rible agonies with which fomc were atfeded before dt-nth came to their relief, exceeded all deftription. In this mthincholy fituation they had cxillcd for thir- teen davs, and how much longer they could have no rccollecUon, for they were taken up infcnfible of nain, and hardly to be diltinguillicd from the emaciated Im- dics of the dead among whom they were found, fecin. ingiy without life or motion, till bv the friendly care of their deliverers they were relh)red. When they were recovered, they faid, it was like waking from a dream : they knew not where they were, nor how they came upon land ; but being told they wire taken up at fea, and in what condition, as theii nfes gradually re- turned, they by degrees rccolledcd all the circum- llances already related : they added, that ever fincc they were brought to life, they had remained with their deli- vcrcrs,and were now quite reconciled to their condition, and happy in the fituation in which the Etooa, or good fpirit, had placed them. Four men had furvived, one of whom had fincc died ; and the names of the three, now living, are Tavce, Otirreroa, and Orououte;the former was born at Huaheine, the fecond at Ulictea, and the latter at Otaheite. Omiah, after hearing their relation, with which he was apparently much anedlcd, told them, that they might now take the opportunity of returning home with him; that he would intercede for them, and that he was furc, if they chofc it, the chiefs of the expedition would grant his rcqueft. They thanked Omiah for his kindnefs ; nor had they any rca- fon to fuppofc, that fuch an ofter would ever be made them again; but they were now determined to end their davs with the people who had reftorcd them to fecond life; and as their dcarcft relations and friends were of the number of thofe who pcrilhcd, the return to their native country would only renew their grief, and inllead of atlbrding them plcafuce, would increafe their melant holy. The njipliratioii of this narrative is obvious. It will fcrve to explain, in a inore l:\tis/ac- tory manner than the Hiinfy conjcClurci of fptculativc reafoncrs, how the detui hed part.i of ilic \\<.»\>\, and, in particular, the iflands of the Pacific Oi cm, iiia\ h.ivc been firft peopled; thoCc cfpecially ihat lie at a conli- derablcdifiancc from each other, or from miy inlia- ^ bited parts of a continent. Such accidents a'^ the above related, probably happen frequently in the great Frtcific Ocean. In i6g6, two canoes, having oil boani iliirty j)erfonsofboth fexcsj were driven, by contrdry winds and tcmpcftuoiis weather; on the lllc of .Sunial, one of the Philippines, af'er having been tolled about at fea fevcnty days, and having performed a voyage, Irom an illand, called by them Amorfot, 300 le.ngues to the Mall o*^ Samal. Five of the number « ho embarked, died Ol the hardfliips fuffcred during this extraordinary paf- (age. In 1721, two canoes, one containing 94, the other 6 pcrfons, men, women, and children, were driven from an idand, they called Farroilep, northward, to the ifle of Guam, dneof the Ladrones, or Mariannes: but thefc had not failed fo far as their countrymen, who reached Samal, as above, and they had been at fea only 20 days. There feems to be no rcafon to doubc the authenticity of thefc two relations. The information contained in the letters of the Jefuits, about thcf': iflandii, now known under the name of the Carolines, and difcovered to the Spaniards by the arrival of the canoes at Samal and Guam, has been adopted by all our later writers. The natives of this ifland call it Watecoo. It is fituated in the lat. of 20 deg. i min. S. and in the long. of 201 deg. 45 min. E. and is about 6 leagues in cir- cumference. It is a beautiful fpot, with a furface co- vered with verdure, and compofed of hills and plains. The foil, in fomc parts is light and fandy; but further up the country, we faw from the Ihip by the alliftancc of our glalfes, a reddiflj cart on the rifing grounds. There the iflandcrs build their houfes, for «e could per- ceive fcveral of them which were long and fpacious. Its produce is nearly the fame w ith that of Mangeca, the ifland we lall quitted. If we may depend on Omiah's account of what he learned from his three countrymen, in the courfe of convcrfation, the man- ners of the people of Watecoo, their general habits of life, and their manner of treating rtrangers, greatly rc- femble thofe that prevail at Otaheite, and its neigh- bouring iflands. There is alfo a great limilarity between their religious ceremonies and opinions. From every circumllance, indeed, it may be conlidered as indubit- able, that the inhabitants of Wateeoo derive their dc- fcent from the fame flock, which has fo remarkably diffufed itfclf over the immcnfecxtcnt of the Southern Ocean. Omiah alFured us, that they dignified their ifland with the pompous appellation of Wcnooa no te Eatooa, implying a land of Gods, eflecming tlicni- fclvcs a race of divinities, poireflld with the Ipirit of the Flatooa. Their language was well underllood by Omiah, and equally fo by our two New /.eakuidcrs who were on board. Though the landing of our gentlemen was the means of enriching the hiflory of our voyage with the foregoing particulars, yet the principal object in view was p.irtly unattained ; for we procured icarccly any thing worth mentioning from the ifland. Indeed it appears from the circumftances already mentioned, that Watecoo can be of little ufc to any fliip wanting refre(hmcnt, unlcfs in the cafe of the moft abfolwte nc- ccdity. The natives, knowing now the value of fomc of our commodities, might be induced to bring oft" fruits and hogs to a Ihip Handing oft" or on, or to boats lying off the reef, as ours did. It is doubtful, however, if any frcfli water could be procured. For, though fome was brought in cocoa-nut fliells to the gentlemen, they were told, thcit it was at a confiderable diflance; and, probably, it is only to be met w ith in fonie ftag- nant pool, as no running ftream was any w here to be fecn. Calms and light ains, having alternately prevailed during the night of the 3d of April, before day-break an cattcrlyfw ell had carried the Relblutiou and Difco* * very fomc diftance from Watecoo, but having failed of procuring, .iSfMMm. 444 Capt. t C) O K's V C) Y A CJ K S C C) M I' L E T L. h iiiKuiinir, at tli;it jil.icc, the riipplici wc waiUcil, wc tit iiwiiIn'Ut nnut.imd Hctrcil (or tlic illaiul tlut had btin di(i.()V(.it\l liy us three ilays bcldri'. Having a peiulc l)uc/i' ai 1'.. \^c j^ot up with it by ten o'cloi.k, A. M. on I'riil.iy, tlu- 4th, when captain Clook inmu'- iiiitily ilir|iat( hill Mr. (rurc \» Jth two boats, to lie if he tould lunil.and ^^'t fiiblilKtui (orouriattle. '1 hoiigli a reef furroiimleii the iaiul hue, as at Wateeoo, and aconlkliriilile I'url broke a^ainll liie roeks, our buats no foontr reached the well-lide of the illand, but they ventured in, and Mr. Gore and hi.s party arrived fate on Ihore. C. .ain Cook feeing from the lliipthcy had fo Far fucceedcu, lent olf a fniail boat to know if far- ther afllftanrewa.s required. She waited to take in a lading of tl\e produce of the illand, and, therefore, did not return till three o'clock in the afternoon. He- ingrleared, Uie wa» fent again for another cargo; at the fame time the jolly boat was alio dilpatched upon the fame bulinefs, with orders tor Mr. (Jore to return with the boats before night, which orders were punc- tually obeyeil. The fupply obtained here was about loo cocoa-nuts for oiu' companies, and for our cattle a quantity of prafs, with fome leaves of the pandanus. This latter being of a foft, fpongy nature, the cattle cat even the branches when cut into Imall pieces, whith are very juicy. This illand lies ne.wiy Com- le;\i'ues from VVatecoo, the inhabitants of which call it Otakootaia. It is in the latitude of 19 dcg. 15 niin. Couth, and the long, fif :oi ilcg. 37 min. E. and in fuppofed not to exceed three miles 111 circuit. It is entirely deliitutc of water; and cocoa-palms were the only ccunmon trees found here, of wliuh there were feveral ilullers. We faw numbers of the wharia, as it is called at Ora- hcite, or the p.Mulanus of the !• all Indies. We found likewife the tallophillimi, furiana, with a t'cw other 111 rubs : alfoa foit of binilwied, trcacle-niullard,a fjie- cies of the (j'Ur.'C, andihe iiiorinda ciirilolia, ihe tiiiit of which 1.1! 1.S lonictimes eaten by the natives of Ota- heitc. Oniiah, who Undrd with the party, dicliid feme of it lor tiicir dinner, liui tliey thought the mtfs a verv indiliercnt one. .\ beauiiUil cui koo, of a ( hel- nut brown, variegated virii black, was the only bird fccn among the tree.-,; but, upon the (liore, were a fniall Ibrt ot curlew, blue and white luioiis, Ibme egg birds, and great numbers of noddies. One of the company caught a lizard running up a tiee: though fniall. it had a moll Ibrbidding afpect. Many of ano- ther fort Wire alio feen. Infinite numbers of a kind of moth, elegantly fpecklcd with black, while, and icd, frequented the bullies towards the fea. Some other forts of moths, pretty buttertiics, and a few infeCts of adilVercnt kind wereoblerved. At this time no fixed inhabitants were fecn upon this illand; but we difco- vcred a few empty huts, which convinced us of its being, at Icaft, inhaJiitcd occafionally. Monuments ronlilHng of feveral large flones, were creiited under the fliadc of fome trees: we faw alio fome fmallcr ones, with which feveral places were inclofcd, w here we fuppofed their dead had been buried. In one place we found a great many cockle-fliells, of a particular fort, finely grooved, and larger than the firft; from which it was cotijeclured, that the illand had been vifited by pcrfons who fomctimcs feed on Ihell-fini. Mr. Gore left a few nails and a hatchet in one of the huts, for the ufe of tliofc who might hereafter touch at this ifland. It may, perhaps, furprize, and fcem incredible ftifonicof our readers, when they are told of fo many iflands abounding with inhabitants, who fubfift with little or no water. Yet, true it is, that few or none of the little low illands between the tropics have any wa- ter on the furface of the ground, except perhaps in a Ligoon, the water of which is generally brackifli; nor is it cafy to find water by digging. The fad is, the fruits of the earth arc theirchief food, and the milk of the cocoa-nut fcrves them for drink. They want no water to drefs any part of their food, for thoy knew not the art of lx)iling til! the Europeans taught them, nor had they a veflel fit for the purpofe; neither have they any ocCafion for waOiing their cloaths, the mate- rials of which ihey are made, being of the paper kind, I will not bear walliing. Salt water thcrtfoic aiif"- en their |nirpofe wiih \eiy little fnlli,and add» a n 1 II, to their lilli 1 in whiih they dip aimoll every niontlilnl iheye.it. This in a guat meafuic accounts lor tl.eir fiibfilting wilho;it w.iter. 1 l.iung hoilled in the boats, we made full a|'.iin to the norihuard, refolvingto try our loituneat lUiicv'j Illand, difcovered diiriii[; captain Cock's foinur \(iv. age, in 1 77 j, and namni luiii Mi. I laivey, the full mate of the Iv deavour. Sunday, the 61I1, at day break, wc came in light of it, at tlie dillaiue of about three leagues. About eight o'clock wcolifirved fc\c. ral canoes coming from the lliorc towards the lliipi, Wc were rather (urpri/ed at this ciicumllame, as no traces or lign.i of inhabitants were ('c^:n when the illand was full dill ovcrrd; this, indetil, might be owing to a brilk wind that then blew, and prevented thcij ca- noes from venturing out. As wc advanced iiianrto the illand, (ix or liven double canoes immctiiateK i ,'iiic near us with from fix to three men in c.u h ol tliem. At the dillaiiceof about a llonc's-'hrow from tie lliip they llopprd, and it was viitll dilViculty Omiili [>k- vailed on ihem tocome .ilong-fule; but they ciniKI not be induced to trull themfelvcs on bond. Indeed, their difordcrl;' beh.iviour did not indicate a difpo- lition to trull, or to treat us well. 7'liey aituupieil 10 Ileal fome oars out of the Difcovery's bo;it, anj Ibuik a man for endeavouring to present them. They ui'.i cut avsay a net coiit.iining mc.U, which hung ovir the Hern of that Iliip, and at (iill would not relloie i', thoiii;h they afterwards permitted us to purchalV it from them. Thofe who were about our lliip, tl:e Vz. filution, behave^i ei]iial1y diforderly and daiiti;;; fir with a foit of hooki, made of a long Ituk, tluv openly endeavound to rob u. of fevcial ih'ni"., and actually got a liock beloii<{ing to one of our p.ople. It ap[*ared that they h.id a knowlrdge of banei.ii;^, for they exchanged fume filli lor final I nails, of wluili they were extravagantly fond, and called them j^mic. I'leces of p.iper, or aii) other tritling '•licle that m.is thrown to them, they lau^'ht w ith 1' itiil av.d.'j ; and if what was thrown fell in^) t they in.iuc- diately plunged in 10 fwim after it. Though the dillancc between Harvey's Ifland .ml Wateeoo is not very great, the inhabitants diller (r<'ni each other, both in peifon and difpofition. Tlie m- lour of the natives of llaivey's Ifland is of a dee[i(f call, and fome of them have a fierce favagc »l"|Hif, like the natives of New Zealand. Their hair is n'lv^ and black, either hanging lofe about their flioiildirs, or tied in a bunch on ilie top of the head. Sonic few, indeed, had it cropped llioir, and in two or three nf them, it was of a red or brownifli caff. Their ilcatli- ing is a narrow piece of mat, bound feveral times round the lower part of the bod)-, and pafling betuctn the thighs. We faw a line cap of rtil feathrvs in our of the canoes, and foiiu- of the natives were orii;i- mentcd with thcfliellof a pearl-oyflcr, po'ifl.ed, aiul hung about the neck. The mode of ornanieiit, l;i prevalent among the natives of this ocean, ofiniir- turing, ortatooing their bodies, not one of tliciii had adopted ; but, though lingular in this refpect, thi ir be- ing of the fame comnioa race is not to be doul'teJ. Their language moic rcfembles the dialeet of Oin- heitc, than thar of Mangeca or Wateeoo. Like tl'.c natives of thofe illands, they enquired from whence we came, whither bound, the fliip's name, tliat o! cer Captain, and the number of men on board. Sudi quellions as wc propofcd to them, in 011/ turn, they very readily anfwcred. They informed us ;v)v.w\^ other particulars, that they had before fecn two lir^.c fhips, but had nop fpokcn to them as they p.illeiJ. Thefcwerc, doubtlefs, the Rcfolution and AiKcnuiie. They acquainted us, tliarihc name of their illand was Terouggemou Atooa ; and that they were fubjeot to Teercvatooeal), king of Wateeoo. Their food, tluy faid, confilled of coco.a-nut.s, filli, and turtle; being deflitute of dogs and hogs, and the illand not pro. ducing bread-fruit or plantains. Their canoes (iiar thirty of which appeared one time in light) are tolerably »!^ '■ I COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 4+? TtfolC nlli''UTI u!il» a nl II; to very nidntlilnl ;)uiiii> lor tl'.iir c fail njVTin to inc at I liivr\'i 's (oiiiur \(iv. iirvty, the liill c 6t,li, at clay laiKc of about ollfllMli fo\c. arils the lliif'-, iiiflaiii'e, as no when tlic itlaivl ;lu he (luinj; to eiitiJ thcij- ea- ;iiiced 111 an r to iiKiiiateK (.Miic I tacl) ot tluin. V friim the lliip ly Oiiiiah pie- t they ciiuKi not Hniil. IriileeJ, iiditaic a ihl'i'o- ey attiii'inid 10 holt, aiij l'ii,ik tin. 'I'he) ,1!' » I liiinj^ (i\ir tlie J luit lellcire it, i til (HiichalV it iir Iliip, the I'c- ainl ilaiiiij':; lor loiiji llii k, t!iiv cm! tliiii;"., aiiJ : of our ji.ojile. re ol liarlei.iv.r, II nails, of wh.tli lleJ then\ j^noic. ■••tiele that \>.is • ittit a\ivl:'j i ihcy imnic- ey's IflanJ aiiJ ;ants ill Her (torn tion. 'I'lie c(i- is of a ilcepor favaj^c «r|n\'f, leir hair u \>'ng their flionlilirs, ail. Some few, wo or three ol riieir eliaih- I feveral tiir.cs jading lietaem ieathrfs ill one vi.s «ere orna- polifl.eil, aiul ornament, U> ocean, ofpuiv- ;)ne of them had efpeet, thrir!)e- to be liouhtcJ. ilialevit of ()!n- eeoo. L'ke the from whence line, ttiat of our boarJ. Siiih oiij- turn, ihcy med us aninng fecn two liri'.c d they p.ill and Ad\cfuiite. ihciriHand w.is were fiibject 10 ;iieir food, they id turtle; bein^T ifland not pro. heir canoes (mar jjht) arc tolerably larg^ larire, and well built, and bear Tunc rcfeniblancc to thofc of Waieeoo. About one o'clock, wc drew near the N. W. part of the idand ; this being the only place where vre could exped to find a good anchorage. Cap- tain Cook iminediatcly difpatched lieutenant King, with two armed boats, to found, and reconnoitre the coaft. The boats were no fooner hoiked out, than o»ir new vifitors fufpended their traHic, piilhing for fliore .11 fall a» podiblc, and came no more near us. The Iviati returned at three o'clock, and Mr. King in- formed the Captain, that he could find no aiichor.ngc forthc Ihipjj and that the boats could advance no far- ther than the outer edge of the reef, w hich was alitioft a quarter of a mile from the (hore. That a numbef of the natives came upon the reef armed with clubs and jon^ pikes, meaning, as he fiippnfcd, to opjv)fe his landing) thouph, at the fame tune, they threw cocoa- nuts to mir people, and requcllcd them to land : yet, notwithrtanding this feemingly friendly treatment, the women were very adive in bringing down a freih fup- piy of darts and fpcars. This report having been taken into confideration, U was concluded, that, as we could not bring the lliips to an anchor, an attempt to procure gnfs Uer« would be attended with delay and danger. Iking thus difappointed in all the illands afier our leaving New Zealand, and having from va- ricty of cirrumlbnces, been unavoidably retarded in our progrcfs, it was in vain to think of doing any thing this year in the high latitudes of the northern hemi- fplitre, from which we were fo far diUant, though it was now the fealbn for our operations there. Thus (inrited, it was necei.ary to purine fiich nieafures as appeared beft calculated to prel'erve our cattle, and fave the (lores and provilions of the ihips; the better to fn.i'lc usiopro'ecute our northern difcoveries, which eould not commence till a year later than w as intended. if wc could fortunately have preKured a fupply of water and graft, atany of the illands wc had lately vi fitid, we intended to have ftood back to the S. till ' had got a wefterly wind. But without fuch a fupply, the certain confcquencc of doing this, would have been the lofs of the cattle, before it was podlble for iis to reach Ot;dieitc, without gaining a iingle point of ad- vantage refpetling the grand objciil of our voyage. The Captain, therefore, determined to bear away for the Friendly Iflcs, where he knew he could be well fup. plied with every thing he wanted: atid it being nccef- fary to run night and day, he ordered Captain Clerke to keep with th'- Difcovery right a-hcad of us, becaufe that ftiip coul .crt claw off the land, which we might poiTibly fall in with in our pafliige. Bearing away, therefore, wc (Veered W. by S. with a fine breeze. It wai propofed to proceed fu il to Mld- dleburgh, or Eooa, thinking we might have provifion cnouKh for the cattle, to lalVtill we inould arrive at that ifland. But the next day, about noon, thofe taint breezes that had fo long retarded us, again returned ; and we fiHind it nccellary to get into tne latitude of falmcrilon's and Savag« Illands, which capuin Cook difeovered in 1 774 ; >.hat, in cafe of neceflit^, rccourfe might be had to them. The weather continued vari» able, and though plenty of rain fell every day, yet it uas fouiKl adviTcable to obtain water by diAillation, to be ufcd for every purpofe for which it was fit. The Aill was kept at work a whole day ; during which time we procured about 1$ gallons 01 frelh water. It was apt to difcolour the meat in which it was boiled, and to tindhire every thing with a difagrccable blackncfs ; but our crews preferred it to rain-water, on account of the tarry ufte communicated by the latter. Light breezes continued till Thurfday, the 10th, at which time the wind blew fomc hours frelh from the N. and N. W. In the afternoon we had fomc heavy rain, attended with thunder fqualls. Wecollededas much rain-water as filled five of our puncheons. When thcfe fqualls had blown over, the wind was very unfcttled, till the next day at noon, when it was fixed at N. N. W. and blew a frefti breeze. Sunday, the ijth, at day-break, wc came in fi^tof Palmerrton's Ifland, bearing W, by S. at the dillance of about 5 leagues; but did not get up with it No. J4. tillthc 14th, at eight o'clock A. M. Wenow dilpatehed three IvMts, and one from the Difcovery, with a pro- per ofhcer in each, to fearch for a convenient landing place; wc being, at this time, under an ablbluteneeei- lity of procuring here fomc provender for our cattle, orwcmiilf certainly have loll them. What is called here Paluicrllon's liland, conlifls of a group of I'mall illots; about nine or ten in number, conneeted together by a reef of coral rocks, and lying in a circular dirc( - tiort. The boats lirft examined the moll fouth-caftcrl/ illot; and not fuccecdiiig there, ran down to the fecond, where they immediately landed. We now boreilown with the Ihips, till wc were abreail of the place, where we kept Handing off and on, there being no bottom to be found to anchor Ujwn. This, however, was ot' no material confequence, as there were no human beihg* U|)oii the ifland, except the party who had landed Iroiii our boats. One of thefe returiicil at one o'clock, laden with fcurvy-grafs, and young cocoa-trees, which was, at this time, a moll excellent repafl for our animals on board. A meflage Was brought from Mr. ( jore, w ho commanded the party on this expedition, intbrming us, that the illand abounded with theuroilucc of which he had fent us a fample, and alio with the w harra-trce and cocoa-nuts; in confequence of which the Captain refolved to procure a fullicient fupply of thcfe ufcful articles, before we quitted our ftatiun, and nccor ingly he went alliore in a fmall boat, accompanied by the Captain of the Difcovery; where they tbundi to their fatisl.ictiun, every one hard at work. The landing place of this illot is a fmall creek, formgtl by the reef, of rather more than a boat's length in every diredion, and covered from the forrc of the fca, by rocks projcchng on each fide. The illot itfelf is fcarccly a mile in circuit; and not alxivc three feet higher than the level of the fea. It appears to conlill of a coral fand, with a fmall milkturc of blackilh mould, produced from rotten vegetables: yet, this poor foil is covered with trees and bulhes of the fame kind as thofe we had feen at Otakootaia or Wenooa-ette, though not in fo great a variety. We perceived a great number of mao-of-war-birds, tropic-birds, and two forts of boobies, which were now laying their eggs, and fo exceedingly tame as to permit us to take them oil" their nelh, wliich condtl only of a few fticka loofcly put together. Thefe tropic birds diiler elTen- tially from the common fort, being of a beautiful white, nightly tinged with red, and having two long tail-feathers of a deepiih crimfon. Our people killed a conliderabic number of each fort, which though not the moil delicate kind of food, were highly acceptable to us, who had been a long time roMfined to a fait diet. Wc law plenty of red crabs creeping about among the trees; and caught feveral lifli, wnich, when the fea re- tired, had been left in holes upon the reef. At one part of this, which bounds the lake within, almod even with the furface, there is a large bed of coral, which affords a moll enchanting profped. Its bafe, which is fixed to the fliorc, extends fo liir that it can. not be feen, fo that it appears to be fufnendcd in the water. The fea was then unrufHed, and the refulgerce of the fun expofed the various forts of coral, in the mod beautiful order; fomc parts luxuriantly branching into the water; others appearing in vaft variety of figures; and the whole heightened by fpangles of t>;e richell colours, glowing from a number of large dami, inierfperfed in every part. Even this delightful fcene was greatly improved by the multitude of^fiflies, that gently glided along, feemingly with the mod pcrfeifl fecurity. Their colours were the moft beautiful that can be imagined, blue, yellow, black, red, &c. far e>.v celling any thing that can be produced by art. The richnefs of this lubmarinc grotto was increafcd greatly by their various forms ; and the whole could not polii- bly befurvcyed without a pleafing tranfport, accom- panied, at the fame time, with regret, that a work fo aflonifbingly elegant fliould be ceiKealed in a place Cq fcldom explored by the human ej'c. No traces of any inhabitants having been here, were 4ff^ovcred. We faw, indeed, a piece of a canoe, upon the beach, but S U thi>' it I'A ; •m **".»,. 446 Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COM PL B T E. this might have been drifted from fome other ifland. We wcrefurprifed, however, ai perceiving fomc fmall brown rnts on tiiis little fpot, not catily ac'^unted for, unlefs we admit the podibility of their being imported in the canoe of which we faw the remains. The boats, when laden, returned on Iward, with the two captains, leaving Mr. Gore and his party to pafs the niphtonfliorc.to be ready forbufinefs the next morning. Tuefday, the i 5th, like the preceding day, was fpcnt in colledling fubfillcnce for the cattle, con'"' ig prin- cipally of tender branches of the wharra— .cc, palm- cabbage, and young cocoa nut trees. A fuli'cicnt fupply of thefe having been proaurcd by fun-fet, the Captain ordered all the people on board: but, having very little wind, he determined to employ the next day, by endeavouring from the iflot to the leewanl, to get fome cocoa-nuts for ourjwople: to this end we kept (landing off and on all night; and about niiK o'clock in the morning, we went to the weft lide of the iflot, and landed from our boats, with little difficulty. Tl e people immediately were employed in gathering cocoa- nuts, which we found in the greateft plenty; but it was a tedious operation to convey them to our boats, being obliged to carry them half a mile over the reef, up to the middle in water. Omiah, who accompanied us, pieftntly caught with a fcoop-net, as many K(h as fup- plicd the party on fhore with a dinner, beiides fending a (juantity to each (hip. Men-of-war and tropic birds Mere found in abundance, fo that we fared molt fump- tuoully. In thefe trips to the uninhabited iflands, Omiah was of the greateft fervice to us. He caught the fifli, and drcfTed them, as well as the birds we killed, after the fndiion of his country, with a dexterity and chear- fuincfs that did him honour. Before night, the boars made two trips, and were each tniK- heavy laden: with the lall, the Captain 1 (.turned on board, leaving our third lieutenant, Mr. Williamfon, to prepare ano;her lading forthc boats agaiull tl'c next morning. Ac- cordinjr'v about (even o'clock they were difpatchcd, :.nd returned at noon. No delay was irudc m fending .hem bark for another cargo, with oruLTS foi all hands to be on board by fim-fet. Thefe orders being punc- tually obeyed, we hoirted in rnir boats, and failed to the welhvard, with a light brceic from the north. This laft iflot, which we now left, is fouicwhat larger than the other, and alrdoft covered with cocoa-pahns. The other produd ion.? were the fame as at the firrt iflot. Gn the beach we found two pieces of board, one of which was rudely carved, and' an eliptical paddle. Thefe were, perlwjxs, a part of the fame canoe, the re- mains of wli,.h «e had feen on the other beach, the two iflots being within Iwlf a twiic of each other. There were not fo many crabs here as at the lalV place, but wc found fomc fcorpions anil infeifts, arKl a much greater numlKT of fi(h upon the recfis. .\mong the reft wore Tohk- beautiful large (potted eels, which would raiie thcmrelves out of the water, and endeavour to bit'.' their purfuers. There are alfo fiwppers, parrot- hlli, tnii a brown footted rock-filh. not larger than a fmall haddock, fo tame, that it wculd remain fixed, and pa7.e at us. If we had been really in want, a futHcient fupply might eafilv have been had, forthoifands of the clams ftuck upon the reef, many of which weighed two or three pounds. There were alio fomc other forts cf lliell-fifli i and when the tide Howed fcveral (harks came with it, fome of which were killed by our peo- ple; but their prefence r.ndered it, atthat time, un- fafe to walk in the water. Mr. Williamfon and his party, who were left on (hore, were much peftered in the night with mufquitocs. Some of them ftiot two curlews, and fome plovers on the fliorc: one or two Cuckoos, like thofe at Wcnooa-ette, were alfo feen. Thefe iflots, comprehended under the name of Pal- mcrfton's Ifland, may be faid to be tlie fummits of a reef o( coral rock, covered only with a thin coat of fand; though cloathcd with trees and plants, like the low grounds of the high iflands in this fpacious ocean. They are iituated in 18 deg. 11 min. S. !at, and 196 deg. L. long. froiivCiretnwich. ■ We now llecrtd W. 1:5 order to make Annamooka, or, as it is called by the Dutch, Rotterdam, -who firft dif. covered it. Wc had variable winds with fqualls, fomc thunder, and much rain. The fliowcrs being very co- pious, wc (lived a confiderablc quantity df water; and as we could procure a greater (upply in one hour, by the rain, than by diftdlation in a month, we laid' the ftill alide, as being attended with more trouble than ad- vantage. The heat, which had continued in the ex- treme (bralwut a month, became much more difagrcc' able in this clofe rainy weather, and wc apprehended it would foon become noxious. It is remarkable, that there was not then a Angle perfon lick on board cither of the fl«p.s. On Tuelday the 2c:nd, wc had clear weather, but a great (well from the. S. a Cure prcfagc nf an approaching ftorm; which foon came on, and in- creafed to fuch an alarming h>.ight before night, at- tended with thunder, lightnmg, and rain, with a'trc, mendous fca, that brought the Diliovcry under bare poles till morning appeared. She then made fail un- der clofe reefed top-(Jiils; and, alwut eleven at night, narrowly efcapcd running on fhore on Savage llhind.' The man at the mall-head calling out land, they (bon dark as it was, got light of it clofe on their lee-bow,' fteering directly for it. Tiicy infinntly put abom", and fired a gun as a fignal (or the Rcfolution (then to windward about half a mrle)to do the ;"..ijc. .So nar- row an cfcapc made a ftrong impreflion on the fliip's company, who, thoughtlefs as fcamcn are, could not help looking up to hca\cn with thankful hearts tbr fa lignala deliverance! As foon as it was light the next morning, wc faw this rxccrati d ifland -t the diftanrc of about four leagues. Savage Ifland was difcovered by Captain Cook m 1 774. In the night bct« een the 24th and 25th wcpaffcd it; .indon Monday, the :8th. about ten o'clock A. M. we faw the iflands to the eallward of Annamooka, bearing N. by W. about live leagues dif. tant. Wc fleered to the S. and then hauled up for Annamooka. At the approach of i-.ight. the wcailur being (qually, with rain, wc anchored in fifteen fathoms \vater. Immediately twocaiw<"g paddled towards us, and came along fide withoD: f>rtkatioa. Four men were inoneof the canoes, and three hi theother. They brought with them fome fugat -canes, bread-fruit, plan- tains, and cocoa-nuts, which they banercd with us for nails. After thefe canoes lidd kfc u»,'we were vitital by another, but nighi appilraching, the did not continue long with us. The nearrft ifland to uswas Komango, five miles dillani to which, at (iWir o'clock, tiie nc.vt morning, lieutenant King was difpatched with two boar.s, inordcr to procure rctrelhments. At five, Hf;n.d was made to wcimIi, to proceed to Annamooka. \Viicn day-light apfpenr«l,wc were vifitedby.Ux or fevenci., noes, bringing with tl^cm two pig4,fomc fowls, fcveral large wpoii^jigross, fmall rails, and fome violet co- loured coots, bdidcsfruitsi and roots of various kinds, which they .exchanged with uj for nails, hatchets, beads, &c.' They lud other articlcaiof comitKrce, but cai>tai:i Cook gave particular ordcr» that no curiolities fboiild be purchafc-d, till th«J lliipiwcre fuppJicd with provi(ions,and they ihould havcipcrmilTion from him. About noon Mr Krng'« boat returned m ith fevcn hogs, fome fowls, a quantity of Iruit and roots: alfo fome grafs for our animals. His party was treated with great civility at Komango. The inhabitants did not appear to be nuinerous ; and ilieir huts, which almoft touched each other,, wfrt but indifferent. Toobou- langpe, the chief' of thcifland, 4nd another, named Taipa, came onboard with Mr. King. They brouclit a hog, as a prcfcnt to our Captain, and promifcd to bring a greater number the next day. The boats be- ing aboard, wc ftood for Annamooka-ettc, (or liuic An- namooka) and the breakers at the S. E. but on draw- ing near, we met with veiy irregular foundings, which obliged us to relinquifh tht dc(ign, and go to the fouth- ward. This carried us to licward, and we found it ncceifary to fpend chc night under fail. It was dark and rainy, and wc had the wind from every diralion. The next morning, Wedncfday, the 30th, at day-light, wc were farther on than wc had been the preceding evening, attd the wind was now right in our ttith. ■\Kt , J, '■■ i.iY?, . ■ts'^^^t- '-■*", "■-, ■• 4. * 'v /*!'"■':»,• ," ^''' I' ■-■-''(: V '-';'- ■ [:■■- V,; • .'N -1^ .\ " ■ :'■ ' «t ■■^■'■'*i*r:* -■■. '■"■, ■ * . ■ :MB^-^ y^if '■:M^mi,,'- ■C'-;' " ' ' ■ - i'M-. T ■■" *-. /;• ■■"■ . "-"■ ■' ':,':■-'■ *■-■ --■ " . .' .i *.. '';.rr^t-' :S '*<'^) i «> ill' - ^,i^M»M*i, ^*.:Sti' ^ r^\;f% "1^:; COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 447 We continued to ply the whole day, to very little pur- pofej and, in the evening, anchored in 39 fathoms water ; the weft-point of Annamooka bearing E. N. E. four miles diftant. Tooboulangee and Taipa, agreeable to their promife, brought off fome hogs ; and we ob- tained others, by bartering, from the ditfcrcnt canoes that followed us, and a large quantity of fruit. It is remarkable, that thofe who vifitcd the (hips that day, would hardly part with any of their commodities to any one but Captain Cook. On Thurfday May the i ft, a boat was hoiftcd out, and the mafter was ordered to found the S. W. fide of Annamooka. When he returned, he reported, that he had founded between Great and Little Annamooka, where he found 1 2 fathoms depth of water : that the place was very well ftiekcrcd from winds ; but that frelh water was to be had only at a confiderable dif- tance inland; and that even there it was neither plenti- ful nor good. For this good reafon, it was refolved toanchbron the north-fide of the idand, where, in the captain's former voyage, he had found a a convenient place for watering and landing. Though not above a iMguc diftant, we did not reach it till about five o'clock in me afternoon, being retarded by the quantity of ca- noes that crowded round the ftiips, laden with abundant fupplies of the produce of their iftand. Several of thefe canoes, which were double, had a large fail, and carried between 40 and 50 men each. Several women were alfo in them, incited, perhaps, by curiofity to yifit ut; though they were as eager as the men in bartering, and iifcd the paddle with equal (kill and dexterity. We worked into the road, and caft anchor in 18 fathoms, the ifland extending from E. to S. W. three quarters of a mile diftant. Thiis Captain Cook re- fumcd the ftation which he had occupied when he vifited Annamooka three years before-, and probably where Tafman, who tirft difcovered this ifland, an- chored in 1643. We had now been juft 60 days in a palTagc, which in a dired courfe could not have exceeded ten, and had been cxpofed to fevcre trials, owing to fome fatality in purfuing a track which there was not a feaman iboard who did not difapprove. It feemed to havr r.o objeift of difcovery in view, as we fell nearly ir::o : he fame which Captain Cook had formerly navigited ; lor did we meet with a fingle ifland, which one or othc- of our late voyagers had not feen or vilited in their different routs. How it happened is not cafy to be accounted for, as it was next to a miracle, that any creature on board the Rcfolution remained alive to re.ich or fent harbour. Had nJt the copious rains tl alnioft inceftlintly from the time that we paflcil tropic till our arrival here, fupplicd us with a daily conlumption of water, not only the .•'nimals, but the men niuft have periftied. Happy were we now, how- ever, in finding ourfelvcs o;i a friendly coaft. We fbtgoi the dangers ,wc had efcapcil, and thought only of enjoying with inexprefllble pleaPiirc the fweets of thefe happy iflands, whofc fjiontancc;.i pmdudions licrfjme the air to a confiderable diftance with a fra- "rance inc onccivably reviving; and whofc plantations exhibit a richncfs of profpctt as wc approach them, ouinjr to the beautiful intermixture of the various blolFoms, with the vivid green leaves of the trees, of which the nioft animateildcfcription can afford but a faint idea. Add to thefe, the tufted clumps which adorn the little rifing hills, th.it appear every where in- 'tcrfperfcd delightfully .imong the verdant lawns, and rich, low, furrounding vallies. Nothing in nature can be ir.ore nleafing to the eye, or more grateful to the fcnfc. Wc were tid fobncr moored in the harbour, thin we were furrounded with innumerable little boats, or canocJ, hioftcurioufly conftruifled and ornamented ; \ t\)i fides with a jwlifti that furpalTed the blackeft ebony, j and the decks inlaid with mother of pearl and tortaife- j Jhcll, equal to the bcft cabinets of European manufac- i ture. In thi» kiral of workmanftiip, thofe illanders ' feem to.cxcel. Their weapons of war, their clubs.j ■iJhieMdiflleiortlieir boats, and even their fifti-hooksj IttcpMifticd^alnd. Inlaid with variegated fhclls, by anji rta tl infinite accumulation of which tlicir fliorcs arc mar- gined, and among them oiirnaturaiiffs found fome of uiperlativc beauty. Thefe boats- generally held three perfous, and under their decks, which tike up tun ;thirds of their length, they brought the fruits of their plantations, and the maniifai'.lurcs of their country. Which confifted of a great variety of ufeful thini-hooks, lines, nets, needles made of bone, thread, purfes, calibathes made of reeds, fo clofcly wrought as to be water-tight; with a variety of other utenlils. Among the latter, were bracelets, breaft plates, ornamented with feathers of a vivid glow ; mafks, manttalets compofcd of feathers, fo artfully and beautifully arranged, as even our Englifti ladies would not difdain to wear. Friday the 2nd, during the preparttions for waterings Captain Cook went on Ihore, in the forenoon, accom- panied by Captain Gierke, and others, to fix on a place for fetting up the obfervatorics the natives having readily granted us pcrmifl^on. Nor was the civility of the chiefs confined to their readincfs in fupplyingthe fhips u-ith provifions; for they complimented the Cap- tain with the ufe of a large boat-houfo, conveniently (ituated near the beach, and which anfwcrcd the piir- pofe of a tent; and at the fame time prefented the of- ficers with brcaiV-platcs, beautifully decorated with feathers, being the richeft oflerinjri they h.xl to make* In return, our co-iimandcrwas r.ot wanting ingcnerotirvj leading t'leiii with hatchets, knives, linen-cloth, glafs and beads, with which they thought thcmfclves amply repaid. Totiboii, the chiif of the illin-l, conduded Captain Cook an.i Oiniah to his hoiife, fituateJ on a' plcafant fpot in the centre of his plantation. It was furrounded with a graf-s-plot, which hcfaid was for the purpofe of cleaning theirfcet before tlicy entered his ha- bitation. Such an attention to cleanlinefs we hnd never obferved before, wlurcver we had vilited in this ocean; though we aftirwards found it to be very comnionat rhc Friendly Illands. No carpet in an Englilh drawing-room could be kept neater, than the mats that covered the floor of Toobou's houfe. Tents were now carried on fliore, the alfronomers obferv.atory credeil; wooders and watcrers appointed; and all the artificers onboard employed in the reparations of the fliips; noD a' few bc-ng wanting after a voyage of two months, through a r 'ii|ieftuou5 lea, during which the elements of fire, air, ,i!i 1 wiit'T, might lie faid to be in perpetual conHift. While thefe f.hiiigs were about, we bartered for fome li',gs and fruR ; the ftiips were croudcd with the lativcs ; and as very few of them came empty-handed, \'.c were fpeedily fiipplied with e. ry refrclhment. Oiirini.r rhele ti-aMf.i.iions the t lo c:iptains, and the chi'^f'; Annan^ooka, were conu ;^ ing to vary the plea- furts ol their 'efpciflive jiiclfs, and to entertain them with new 'iverlions. I I'y were mutually engaged on board and on Ihore U) furprife each other with novelty. On board, the chiefs vere entertained with mulic, dancing, and feaffiiv.^, ai> rtlvj Funviran man- ner; and with whit i"ecni-d m>)rc plealiiig to them, as they paid more u-ntioii thereto, with liie various operations of the artificers who were at work on their refpeiilivc employment-;. The facility with which the boat-builders perfornu i tl'. r work attradtcd particu- larly their notice: when t' beheld the labour of a year with them perf jm .\ a week, by a lels number of hands, their afton ..ntwus beyond concepti:on; nor were they lefs aina/ed to fee large timber Cut through the middle, and fawcd into plank, while they were fpedators, which they had no means of eftccfing in their ifland in many days. The chiefs on flwix!, in return, endeavoured to entertain our gentlemen;, they feafted them, like tropical kings, with barbicued hogs, fowls, and with the inoft delicious fruits. Aftci dinned, they introduced their mufic, and dancers, W'ho were chieHy of the theatrical kind, and excelled in agility, and varied attitudes, many of the capital performers in Europe, A fort^fpantcwinrte fuccecded, in which fome prize-fighters difplayed tlielr fVau of arms ; and this pArt of the drama concluded with a hurtiotwu* re- * - prefentati«n * ,^M»*^'i 448 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPL E«T E. prcfcntation of fomc laughable ftory, which produced among the chiefs, and their attendants, the mod im- moderate mirth. The fongflers came laft, the me- lody of whofe voices was heightened by a kind of ac- companymtnt, not unufual in the carlieft ages, among the polifcft nations, as may be learnt from antient paintings, where the lingers and dancers are reprefcnt- ed with flat clams or (hells in their hands, fnapping them together, to harmonize their tunes, and regulate their movements. Though this farcical exhibition was inlipid to us, it was not wholly without its ufc, in mai Ic- ing a fimilarity of manners among mankind, at the dif- tanceofhalf the globe, and at a period when the arts of civil life were in their infancy. Wl-^ knows, but that the feeds of the liberal arts, that have now been fown by European navigators in thcfc happy cliniis. may, athoufandyears hence, be ripened into maturity ; and that the people, who arc jurt emerging frouj ignorance into fcicncc, may, when the memory of ihefe voyages arc forgotten, be lound in the zenith of their improvements by other adventurers, who may pride themfelves as the full difioverers of ncu -ountries, and an unknown people, innnitely fuperior to 'hole, wh») at that lime, may inhabit thefc regions, and who may have loft their lioaftid arts, as wc, at this day fee, among the wretched inhabitants ol Greece, ai>d die II ill more mlfcrable (lavis of Egyptian bondage. Such an- the viciirmidcs to which the inh.-»bitants of this little orb are fubjcOl ; and fuch, perhaps, arc the viciHltudes which the gluhc itfelf mull undergo before its final dilToJution. To a contemplative miinl, thefe illands prcfem » mortilving fpectaclc of the ruitw of a broken and defolatid portion of the eaith; for it i» impoHible to furvey fo many fragments of rocks, fome with in- habitanrs ami Ibme without, and not conclude with the learned I3r. Burnet, that they arc the elfecks of fomc early convulfion of the earth, of which no memory re- mains. fjiptain Cook having fettled every thing to his faris fcclion, returned on board in the evening, leaving Mr. King in command uixm the ifland. laipa was now become our trufty fried, and, in order to be near our party, had a houfe carried on mens fliouUlers. a quar- ter of a mile, and placed by the Hdc of the died which our party occupied. On Saturday the 3d, our various operations on (liore began. Some were bulicd in making hay, others in filling our water-calks, and a third party in cutting wood. On this day NTefT. King and Baily bigan to obferve equal latitudes of the lun, in order to gi i the rate of our lime-keepers. In the evening, 'laipa ha- rangued the natives for fome time, but we could only guels at the fubjcnil, and fuppofcd he was inftrucling thcin how to treat us, and adviling them to bring the produce of the illaikl to market. His ehxiucnce had the dclired ertect, and occalioncd us to receive a plenti- ful fupply of provifions the day follow ing. On the ^th, the Difcovery loft her fmall bower anchor, the cable being cut in two by the rocks. On the 6th, we w c vilitcd by a chief from Tongataboo, whofe name xv.i^ Fccnou: he was introduced by Taipa in the characti.r and ftilc of king of all the Friendlv Iftes. Captain Cook was now informed, that, on our arrival, a canoe had been immediately difpatched to Tongataboo w ith the news, which occalioned his coming to Annamocka. We were alfo informed by the ofiker on Ihore, that, on his arrival, aU the natives were ordered out to meet him, who falutod him by bowing their heads as low as his feet, the foles of which they touched wi|h the palm of each hand, and afterwards with the back part. A pcr- fotugc received with fuch extraordinary marksof refpcdl, could not be fuppofed Icfs than a king. In the at- tcrnoon, our captain went to pay a vifit to this great man, having firft received from him a prefent of two filh, brought on board by one of his attendants. Ai ibon as the captain landed, Feenou came up to him. He was tall and thin, and appeared to be about thirty years of age. Hit feature! were more of the European . caft than any we had feen here. After the firft faluut ion, Captain Cook rcqueftcd to know if he was king i as he entertained fome doubts on that fcore, perceiving he was not the man whom he remembered to have fccn in that charadler during his former voyage. Taipa an. fwered eagerly for him, and mentioned no lefs than 1 53 iflanthi, of which, he faid, he was the fovercign. Soon afr:r, our grand viiitor, attended by five or fix fcrvants, accompanied us on board. Captain Cook made them fuitable prefents, and entertained them ii) a manner which he thought would be moft agrccahle to them. Towards the evening the captain attended them on fliore in his boat, into which, by order of the chief, three hogs were conveyed, as a return for tlic prefents he had received. We were then informed of an accident, the relation of which will convey feme idea of the extent of the authority exercifcd here over the inferior fort of people. While Fccnou was on board the Kefulution, an inferior chief ordered all the natives to retire from thcpoft they occupied. Some of them, however, having ventured to return, he b;at them moft unmercifully with a large ftick. One, in particular, received fo violent a blow on the fide of the face, that the blocn) guflicd from his mouth and nof- trils; and, after lying niotionlefs for fome time, he was removed from the place in convultions. The favage who gave the blow, on being told, that he had certainly killed the man, only laughed at the circumftance, and, indeed, it was very evident he did not grieve for what he hail done. We had afterwards the fatisfaciion of hearin •, that the poor futtercr was out of danf^cr. On the 7tl , licing Wcdnefday, the Difcovery having foiiiii her fiiall Iwwer anchor, fliifted her birth; but mx till afti-r her beft Iwwcr cable had met with the fate of the other. This day l-'eenou dined on board the Kc- foliition ; and alfo on the next, when he was attinJ- cJ by Tuiin, Toobou, and fome other chiefs. Taiii.i only, however, was permitted to lit at xMc u.;h Fccnou, or even to cat in his prcfencc. T!,c cvptain was highly pleafcd on account of this etiquette; tor be-' fore the arrival of Feenou, he had generally a larger company than he chofe, his table being crouded with vilitors of both fexcs. For though at Otahcite the females are denied the privilege of eating in com- pany with the men, this is not the pradicc at the Frieiully Illands. A large junk axe having been flolcn out of the (liip by one of the natives, on the firft day of our arriv.il at Annamooka, application was made to F'ecnou to exert his authority to get it reftorcd; who gave orders for that purpofc; which exacted fuch implicit obedience, that it was brought on boartl before we had finilhcd our dinner. We had many opportunics of remarking how expert thcfe people were in thievery. Even fomc of their chiefs were not aftiamed of pradicing that art. On the 9th, one of them was detevlitcd carrying out of the Ihip the bolt biva after their releafe.—MuJket's and other articles are ftolen from fame of our officers — Complaints made to the king on this fubjelf—Tbe whole of them returned — Defi ription of a Fialooka — Of a country entertainment at Poulaho' s-boufe — His mourning ceremony — Manner of preparing the liquor from the Kava plant — Account of a fmall ijland, called Onevy — Mr. King accompanied by Mr. Anderfon, vijit Futtafaibe the king's brother Hera; entertained by him — Jimu they pajed the night Obfervations on the country tbey pajfed throu«b —Preparations made for our departure from Tongatatoo. AFTER having paflcd Footooha, wc met with a reef of rocics, and, being little wind, we found fome difficulty in keeping clear of them. When we had paired this reef, we hauled up forNeeneeva, a fmall low iflc in the direction of E. N. E. from Footooha, in hopes of finding an anchorage, but were again dif- appji.nted -, for notwithllanding wc had land in every diratiop, the fca was unfathomable, In the courfc of this night, ."c faw plainly the Hamcs iifuing from a burning mountaii. upon Toofoa. On Friday the i6th, at day-break, we held on our courfc for Mapaec, which at this time was in light; ami wc perceived it to be low land, from the trees only appearing above the water. At nine o'clock it appeared to forn> three ifiands, equal nearly in lizc; and foon alter, a fourth appeared to the fouthward of thcfc, as large as any of the others. Each of the ifiands appeared to be of a fimilar height and afpe(ft, and about fix or feven miles in length. The moft northern of them is called Haanno, the next Foa, the third l>efooga, and the fourth Hoolaiva ; but they are all four included under t!ie general name of Hipaec. By fun-fet, we got up with the northernmolt of thefe illes, where wc experienced the fame diftrcfs for want of anchorage, that we did the two preceding evenings, having another night to fpcnd under fail, with land and breakers in every diredion. Fei nou, who had been on board all day, went forward to Hapacc in the evening, and tookOmiah with him in the canoe. Ho was not unmindful of our difagrccable fituation, and kept up a good fire the whole night, by way of land-mark. Saturday, the 17th, at day-break, being then clofe in with Foa, wc perceived i'. was joined to Haanno, by a reef running from one illand to the other, even with the furfcce of the fea. A boat was now difpatched in fearch of anchoracc; and a proper place was found, abreafl of a reef which joins Lctoc^a to Foa, having •24 fathoms depth of water. In this ftation the northern point of HajMce bore N. i6dcg. E. The fouthcrn point of Hapaee, or the fouth end of Hoolaiva, S. 29 deg. W. and the north end of Lefooga, S. 65 dcg. E. Two ledges of rocks lay without us; the one bear- ing S. 50 dcg. VV. and the other W. by N. half N. dif- taiit two or three miles. Wc were not more than three quarters of a mile from the fliorc; and, as we lay before a creek in the reef, it was convenient landing at all fimes. % We had fcarccly moored, before wc were furroundcd with natives from all quarters, who had been apprized of our ( oming, and who had loaded their canoes with hogs, fowls, bread-fruit, yan\s, plantains, and every kind of fruit the illand produced, which they exchanged for broken glafs, red an 1 blue bicds, hatchets, knives, nails, fhreds of fcarlct cloth, 01 indeed any thing we ofi'ered them. Here our frieni Feenou afTumed the fame confcquence as at Ann." nooka. He brought along-fide his canoe laden witi ibur large hogs, bread. fruit, and fliaddocks, a fine c irifcrous fruit, in fmell and taflc not unlike a Icmr ., but larger and rounder. He brought likewifc yams < an enonnous fizc, weigh, ing from 50 to 60 {X)unds each. FeenpU and Omiah having come on board in order to introduce our com- mander to the natives of the ifland,hc foon accompanied them on fhorc for that purpofe. The chiefconduCtedthe captain to a hut, fituated clofc to the fca-beach, which' was brought thither but a few minutes before for his re- ception. In this Feenou, Oniiah, and Captain Cook, were feated. The other chiefs and the multitude appeared fronting them on the outfTdcj and theyalfo feated them, felves. Captain Cook being alkcd how long he intended to ftay, faid five days. Taipa was, therefore, ordered x^ fit by him, and declare this to the people*. Flcrcupon he harangued them in words nearly to the tbllowing purport, as we were afterwards informed by Omiah. He exhorted both old and young, to look upon Cap- tain Cook as a friend, who meant to continue with them a few days ; and that, during his flay .among them, they would not f\cal any thing from him, or offend him in any other mani.cr. Ho informed them that it was expedtcd they Ihould bring hogs, fruit, iirc. to the fliips ; tor which they would receive fuch articles as he enumerated in exchange. Soon after Taipa had delivered his addrcfs to the allembly, Feenou left thcmi on which Captain Cook was informed by Taipa, that it was nccelfary he fhould make a prefent to Earoupa, the chief of the illand. The captain being not un- prepared for this, gave hin' fuch articles as far exceeded his cxpedation. This hoorality created fimilar de- mands from two chiefs of other ifles who were prcfent, and even from Taipa himfelf. Soon after he had made the lalt of thefe prefonts, Feenou returned, and cx- preffed his difpleafure to Taipa, for fuffcring the cap- tain to be fo lavilhof his favours. But this was doubt- lefsa finefFc. as he certainly adked in concert wiiiithe others, Feenou, having rcfumed his feat, ordered Earoupa to lit by him, and harangue the people as Taipa had done, which he did nearly to the fame pur- pofe. Thefe ceremonies being over, the chief, at the captain's requell, condudled him to three rtagnant pools of, what he called, frelh water; in one of which the water was indeed tolerable, and the fituation convenient for filling the cafHs. When the chief returned to his fonner fiation, he found a baked hog and fome yams fmoaking hot, ready to be conveyed on board for his dinner. ,. He invited Feenou and his friends to partake of the repafi, and they embarked for the Ihip, though none but himfelf fat down with us at taWo. Dinner being over, the captain conduc^led ilicm alhore ; and, before he returned, received as a prcfent from the chief, a fine large turtle, and a quantity of yami. We had a plentiful fupply of provilions, for, in the courfe of the day, we got, by bartering with the natives, about 20 fmall hogs, together with a large quantity of fruit and roots. J Sunday the 1 8th, early in the morning, Feenou and Omiah, who now, with the chief, flept on ftore, came aboard to requcft Captain Cook's prefence upon the ifland. He accompanied them, and upon landing, was condudled to the place where he had been feated the preceding day, and where he beheld a large concourfe of people already afTenibled. Though wc imagined fomcthii^ its the natives-. I iiof/iinml enttr- ■ir expeilioih ujed mouiit uiidjlone—. re Ijlands, and re ng of Poulaho and — An exairfion to lanufaiJuring doth I the natives— The d other articles are ed — Dr/iription of ing the liguor front in England, the combatants beat one another pretty fevercly . This en- lertainnient was fontetimes Uifpended for a iliort fpace, and the intervals of time were filled up with wrclilmg and boxing matches. The lirll were performed in the method practiced atOtaheite, and the fecond diltiercd tery little from the Knglilh manner. A couple of flout wfnchcs next ftcppcd forth, and, without ceremony, began lioxmg with as much dexterity as the men. This conted, however, was but of Ihort duration, lor, in ilie fpace of half a minute, one of them gave it up. The victorious heroine was applauded by the fpcctators, intheliinie rtianncr as the fuccefslul combatants of the other fex. Though we exprelfed our difapprobation of this part of the entertainnjcnt, it did not prevent, however, two other teniales from entering the lifts; who feemedtobe fpiiitcd girls, and if two old women had not interj)ofed to part them, would probably have given each other a good drubbing. When thefe fjwrts were eihibjted, three ihoufand Ipeclators, at leaft, were prc- fent, and every thing was coiiuu.^ed with the moll per- ftcl good humour on all tides, though fome of the champions, of both fexes, received blows which they muft have felt the etfed of for fome time after. The diverlions being finifhed, the chief informed Captain Cook, that the proviiions on our right-hand were a prcfent to Omiah ; and that thofe on our left, making about two thirds of the whole quantity, were intended tor him, and that he might fuit his own con- venience in taking them aboard. Four boats were loaded with the munificence of Fecnou, whofc favours *ir exceeded any that Captain Cook had ever received from the foverci^ns of any of the iflands we had vifited in the Pacific Ocean. He, therefore, embraced the firft opportunity of convincing Feenou, ...at we were not infenfible of his liberality, by bellowing upon him fuch commodities as he fuppofcd were molt valuable in his ellimation. Fccncu was fo highly pleafed with the return that was made >im, that he left the captain (b^ indebted to him, by fendi.'>(j him two large hogs, fome yams, and a conlidcrabic quantity of cloth. lit this manner, and in ranging the illand, botanizing, cx- amming the curiofitiea, natural and artilicini, we em- ployed our time, while the live llork weu recruiting their Helli, and the ftvcral artificers were complcating the repairs of the (liip. It is not eufy for people, who are totally unacquainted with the language of a coun- try, to make themfelves mailers of the civil policy of the inhabitants. Indeed it is next to impoliible in a Ihort relidence among them. As we obltivcd 110 fuch medium as inoney, by which the value of property is afcertaincd, it was not eafy to difcover what tlfe they had fubflituted in its room, to liiciiitate the modes of traffic among themfelves. T hat ea- h had a property in the plantation he |)oHelial, we could plainly dil- ccrn I and the chiefs were reaily enough to point out their polfef lions, the extent of which [^ave them con- fcqucnce, as among other civilized nations; but no fuch thing jLi circulating property being difcoverablc, by the hoarding up of which, and laying it outocca- lionally to advantage, one might purchale another's landed or I'ublfantial property, we could not iiilorm ourfelves fuiricicntly, by what means the lillierman purchafcd his canoe, or lic boat-builder his materials, yet there cannot rcnuiii a doubt, l)ut that the boat- buililcr had an inteiell in his boat alter it was built, as well as the chief in Ins plantation, after it is inclofed and cuhivated. With us all was carried oa by bar- ter, and an imaginary value lixtd on every article. A hog was r.ited at a hatchet, and fo many bread-liuit, cocoa-nuts, and plantains, at a llring of iKails j and fo in like manner througuoiit ; but among tiuiiiiclvts, we faw no fucii value by way of barter. VVc did not ob- fervc fo much fruit given tor fom.iny filh ; not lo many combs, needles, or uletul materials, lor a certain pro- portion of cloth; yet, doubtuis, fome mode of cx- change tlivre mult be among them; lor ic is certain there is no fuch thing as money, at lealt, none that we could dilcern : neither could we difcover any diflindt property, which one man claimed more than another in the Ibrells or woods ; but that every man, like us, cut what he wanted for ule, ami was under no limita- tion tor fuel. Salt, which is fo neceffary an article in European houfe- keeping, is wholly unknown to thcic tropical iflanders. Feenou having cxprefTed a deiirc to fee the marines perform their exercife. Captain (Jook ordered them alhorcon Tuefday the 20th. They went tnrough their military manoeuvres, furrounded by thoulimds of the natives, who were frightened at the firll firing, and fled like herds ol deer from the report of the guns; but finding no harm enfuc, they took courage, and rallied at a dilt.mce; but no perl'ualions could pre- vail upon them to come near. After they had gone through various evolutions, and fired feveral volleys, the chief in his turn, entertained us with an exhibition' performed with an exaCtnefs, and agility, far fuipalling what they had feen in our military movements. It was a kind of dance, perlLirmtd by men, in which 105 perlbns were engaged, each having an inflrumeiit in his hand, relembling a paddle, two leetanda half lung, with a thin blade, and a fnull handle. With theic' inflrumcnts various Hourilhes were made, each of which was accompanied with a different movement, or a different attitude of body. At firfl, the dancers ranged themfelves in three lines, and lb changed their Itations by different evolutions, that thofe wfio had been in the rear came into the front. At one part of the performance, they extended themfelves in one line • afterwards they formed themfelves into a femi circle' and then iiuo two fquare columns. During rhe lalt movement, one of them came forward and pei formed an antic dance, with w hich the entertainment ended. I'he muiic that accompanied the dances was pro- duced by two drums, or rather hollow logs of wood from which they forced a few varied notes, by beating on them with two flicks. The dancers, however, did not appear to be much alfillcd or dnected by thefe founds, but by a chorus of vocal mulic, in which all the fcrformcrs joined. Their li)ng was rather melodi- ous. wsi 4Si Capt. C O O K'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. i ou», «nd their cmrcfpomling motions were fo (kiHully executed, that the wnole boily of dancers appeared as one regular machine. Such a performance would have been apjiliudcd even on a Kiiropean theatre. It far exceeded any attempt that wc hail made to entertain then) ; infomucli that they feemed to plume themfelves on their fuperiority over us. They liked none of our nuiftral inltruments, except the drum, and even they thought that inlerior to their own : our I'rcnth hori>s they held \n the highell contempt, anil would not pay the fniallell attention to them, either here, or at any other ot the illanJs. To give them a more favourable opinion of the amufements, and fupcrior attainments of the Mnglilh, Captain Cook ordered fome fire-works to he prepared! and after it was dark, exhibited them in the f rcfeiuc of leenou, and a vail multitude of people. They wc re higliK entertained with the difplay in ge- neral J but our water and Iky-rockets allonillied them beyond all conception; and tliey now admitted that the Jciilc was turned in our fa\our. This exhibition, however, fcrvcd only as an addi- tional rtimulus to urge them to proceed to fielh ex- ertions of tluir lingular dexterity; for as fcim of laughter from the crowd. We had then; danct ^^ the atteiulantsof Feenou: they formed a dou. . . i 24 each round the chorus, and joined in a gentle luuth. ing fong, accompanied with motions of the heads and hands. They alio began w ith How movements, wnic h gradually became more and n\ore rapid, and clolld linally with feveral very ingeniou:* tranlpoliticjiis ol the two circles. The lelUval ol this memorable night concluded with a dance, in which the principal people ainiled. In many refpcvits it refembled the i)rcceiling ones, but they increal'ed their motions to a prodigious quicknefs, llaking their heads from llioukUr to Ihoulder, inlbmuch that they appeared in danger of dif- locating their necks. This was attended with a clap- ping of the hands, and a kind of lavage Ihtick. A perlon on one lide, repeated fomething in a truly inii- tical recitative, and with an air fo graceful, as might put fome of our applauded pcrtbrmers to the bliilh. He was anfwered by another, and this was repeated feveral times by the whole body on each lide; and they finilhcd, by linging and dancing, as ihcy had begun. T'he two lalt dances were approved univerfally by the tbectlators. They were perleckly in time, and fome of their gcllures were foexprellive, that it might jullly be faid, they fpoke the language that accompanied theffu I'he theatre for thefe exhibitions and perlbrmanccs was an open fpacc among the trees, bordering on the fia, with lights placed at finall intervals, round the infiilc of the circle. Though the concourfe of people was pretty large, their number was much inferior to that alfcmblcd in the forenoon, when the marines perform- ed their exercife. At that tinne many of our gentlemen fuppofed there might be prefent 5000 perfons or up- wards; but the captain thought that account rat her ex- aggerated. On Wednefday the 2ifl, a chief went on board the Difcovery, and prefcnted her captain with a large, elegant head-drcfs, ornamented with pearls, fliells, and red feathers, and wreathed with Huwers of the mpit rc- fplendcnc ^'fe.w4^:Ji f flowlyr, in concert riitcliil inotrniM with lofc of the Miimcn, l^tiy alternately to vini, and rdUng on being alio llrcuhcd tcnccs, which were anally intrcafcJ the the handi ami ac. . lowards the con. mil dancinjr (o much ncnu were hard to be >ut nfter a confidera. meed, ijlating thcnu ach other. On one nptcr. who repeated ts were made by the cy liiiig aiul daiKcd cr, like thofe wlioui cfc nine women ad- hut where thcthiet imeil lately role and )w on the Iwck with Ceiond and third in iiic to the lourth, he cing this, a pcrlon crowd, knockcaliim ind he was qiinily xcufc the I :,;i 1 live dillijilincj lor tliey 'V aperlon wlioluc- omen danced, tlitir d o(, and they were : was no dillciciicc firll f. : ot woinin, i the body upon one rnatcly, by a lurr of •ribn entered umx- ein.irks on our Inc. hichextoncd..' inij^ had then ;•. danct hy meda doui'v ., , < cd in a gentle fuoth- ms of the heads and ' movements, wnich : rapid, aiul clolVd iranfpofitions oi tlie i niemoralile night ;hc principal |)C()jjle ibled the prcceiiinj; }ns to a prodigious from llioul'icr to ed in danger of dif. tended with a clap- favage Ihriek. A ling in a truly miu giacclul, as might ineri to the bliiih. I this wai repeated each lidc; and they IS they had begun. I univcrfally by the k time, and foiiie of It it might jullly be iccompanied theHi. J pcribrmanccs was >rdering on the fca, s, round the inlide irfe of people was ch inferior to that : marines perforni- iy of our gentlemen ooo perfons or up- ; account rather ex- '^^'^f-^ ir lV Vt .$:,^M- ^ ^*---^ r"^^ i& ^U^S; '-v**'/^^ ..f»4**^:: v^; it»'ii U\. • V* •rrW-'-' '^.li *,••• ••.l.'^fV^,! /.>?> w ^M-'Jtm^: .!«* J-;: M ^-f^C 11 ;^s»i^x !%•. i^W^^ t.~^.' ■^v M ,'J;l, ;•• ^ ■-'••M'* ■* t- J^'/V" *v r^«* r***^- vj.f/ iS'- ■**-■ 4 '». •' •;'.:',►.(':■.'* i<^.K' i ^'■'^^'iAii^.i^, .«»i^ « ^t; r rK. :■<», ^^ r:^- Ht'^^^:^ ■■«- :'-4. r/- «%«■ .'T"'•"■ -3- •■ '••'%■ "■^ .* ■^^ >' '^.•^ ., ■■4* •'■ i» ^ . ' •-**^^' •J .t- !- - • iV ■ - ■ i 1 *■ -;'- ■ M jM, ,< :1' ■^fin; ^». .V L;! ttm»i tm*. M^ :%:» w;.,^ ■«»■ "pi\ ■SP' ..ifj. J*' ■ ««»'•■,■•!*■ fe V*!;- COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 453 fplcndent colours. In return, Captain Gierke loaded him with many ufcful articles of European manufac- ture, knives, RilTars, faws, and fome gaudy firings of beads, which were highly prized by the chief, who thought it no difgrace to paddle himfelf on iliorc, with his rich acquifitions. This d.iy Captain Cook made an txcurfion into the ifland of Lefooga, which, in fome rcfpeifts, was found to be fupcrior tr Annamooka, the plantations bcingnotonly more numero<.is, but alfo more extenlivc. Various parts of the country near the fca arc w arte, owing perhaps to the fandincfs of the foil: but in the internal parts of the ifland, the foil is bctterj; and there the marks of population, and of arl improved ftatc of cultivation, are very coiifpicuous. Many of the plantations are cnclofed in fuch a manner, that the fences, running parallel to each other, form fpacious public roads. Large fpots, covered with the paj)er- mulbcrry -trees, were obfcrved ; and the plantations, in general, were ftocked abundantly with fuch plants and fruit-trees as the ifland pioduecs. To thcfe we made fome addition, by lowing the feeds of melons, pump- kins, Indian-corn, ivc. At one ()lace was a houlc, four times as large as theordinaryones, withan extcniivearea ofgrafs before it, to which the people probably refort on fome public occaiions, particularly in the rainy feafons. Near the landing-place ue obfcrved a inounr, two or three feet high, whereon flood four or five little huts, in which the bodies of fome perfons of iliflitKt'nn had been interred. The ifland is Init fevcii miles in leii;^th, and its breadth, in fome places, ii not more than three piiles. Therafl-lide has a reef, [irojeetingconliderably, againll which the lea b:riks «irh great violence. It is the continuation if this reef that joins Lefoog.i to Foa. which is but h;,lf a mile dillaiit ; and at low water, the natives car, walk upon this reef frcm one iiland to the other. The flinre is either .1 faiuly In ach, nra coral rock. When the Captain returned on board from his excurlion, he found a large (ailing canoe fattened to our ftern. In this came Litooliboul.i, or Kohagce too Fallangou, (one perhaps the name of the perfon, and the other the dcfcription of his rank or title) whom the captain had feen, during his lafl voy- a;^e, at Tongataboo, and who was then fuppofed by him to be the king of that ifland. He could not be prevailed upon to come on board, but continued fitting in his canoe with an uncommon air of gravity. The iflandcrs called him Areekec, or king, a title which we had not heard any of them give to Feenou, however extcnlive his authority over tnem had appeared to be. l.atooliboula remained under our flern till the evening and then departed. Feenou was on board the KeH)lu- tion at that time, but neither of thefc chiefs took the fmalleft notice of each other. On Thurfday the a^nd, foine of the natives having ftolen a tarpaulin and other things from off the deck, the captain applied to I'eenou, deliring him to exert his authority to get them reftoredj but this application was of noctfedt. On the 23d, as we were preparing to leave the ifland, Feenou and his prime-mitiifter Taipa came along-fide in a canoe, and informed us, that they nere going to Vavaoo, an iiland, as they faid, fituated about two days fail to the northward of Hapaee. They afllired us, that the obj(d of their voyage was to procure for us an additional fupply of hogs, belides fome red feathered ca|)3 for Omiah, to carry with him to Otahcite; and defired us not to fail till their return, which would be in four or five days; after which Feenou would accompany us to Tongataboo. Ciptain Cook confented to wait the return of this chief, who immediately, as he pretended, fet out tor Vavaoo. On the 74th, a report was indurtrioufly fpread about by fome of the iflanders, that a fliip rcfembling ours had arrived at Annamooka fincc we left it, and was now at anchor there. It was alfo faid, that Toobou, the chief of that ifland, was hallening thither to re- ceive thofc new vifltors. Upon enquiry, however, it was found, that this report was totally void of founda- tion. It is didicult to conjedlure, what purpofe the in- vention of this tale could anfwen unlefs we fuppofc it was contrived with a view ofgettiiigus removed from No. 55. one ifland to another. On the 25th, we went into a houfe where a woman was drcfTing the eyes of a child, who feemed blind. The inflruments ufed by this fe- male oculilt were two flendcr wooden probes, with which (he brufhed the eyes fo as to make them bleed. In the fame houfe we found another woman (liavinga child's head with a fliark's tooth, ftuck into the end of a ftick. She firft wetted the hair with a rag dipped in water, and then applying the inftrument, took off the hair as clofe as if a razor had been ufed. Captain Cook foon after tried upon himfelf one of thefe re- markable inflruments, and found it to be an excellent fubrtitute. The natives of thefe iflands, however, have a different method of fhaving their beards, which opera- tion they perform with two (hells, one of which they place ijnder a -part of the beard, and with the othei' applied above, they fcrape off that part: in this manner they caii fliave very clofe, though the procefs is rather tedious. There are among them (bme who feem to make this a profcflion ; for it was common for our failors, when alliore, to have their beards fcraped off", after the mode of Hapaee, as it was for their chiefs, when on board, to bcfliaved by our barbers. F'inding at tliis time, that little or nothing of what the ifland produced was brought to the (hips. Captain Cook de- termined to change our flation, and to wait Fcenou's return in (bme other anchoring-place, where we might ftill be fiipplied with refrelhments ; accordingly. On Monday the 26th, in the forenoon, we made fail to the (imthuard along the reef of the ifland, and hav- ing paflei llveral flioals, hauled into a bay, that lies nciwcen the north end of Hoolaiva, and the fouth of I,.t(H);;n, and there anchored in 17 fathoms water, the point of l.cfooi^a bearing S. K. by E. diftant a m le and a half. 1 he Dircovery did not caO anchor till fun-fet; (be iiaving touched on one of the flioals ; but backed of? again without receiving the leaft damage. We had no iooiu-r cafl anchor, than Mr. Bligh, mailer, was fent to found the bay, where w; were now llationed;ajid Captain Cook, accompanied by Lieutenant Gore, landed on the fouthern part of Lefooga, to look for fiefli water, and ex- amine the country. On the weft-fide of the ifland they obfcrved an artificial mount of conliderable antiquity, about 4a feet high, and meafuring 50 feet, in the dia- meter of its I'ummit. At the bottom of this mount was a (lone 14 feet high, two and a half thick, and four broad, hew n out of coral-rock ; and we were told by the iflanders, t1iat not more than half its length was feen above grou nil. They called it Tangata Areekec (Tangata in their language fignifies man; .\;eekee, king) anil faid it had been (et up, and the mount railed in memory of one of their kings. On the approach of night, the Captain and Mr. Gore returned on board, and Mr. Bligh came back from founding the bay, in which he found from 14 to 20 fathoms water, with a bottom principally of fand. Lefooga and Hoolaiva arc feparated from each other by a reef of coral. rocks, dry at low water. Some of our gentlemen, who land- ed in the laft mentioned ifland, found not the fmalleft mark of cultivation, or habitation upon it, except a fingle hut, in which a man employed to catch fifli and turtle refided. It is remarkable that it fhould remain in this defolatc condition, (incc it communicates fo im- mediately with Lefooga, which is fo wellcultiv.ited. The wjft lide of it has a bending, where there feems to be good anchorage ; and the eaft- fide has a reef, as well as Lefooga. Uninhabited as Hoolaiva is, an artificial mount has been raifed upon it, equal in height to fome of the furrounding trees. On Tucfday the 27th, at day-break, fignal was made to weigh, and as we intended to attempt in our run to Tongataboo, a paffage to .Annamooka, by the S. W. among the intermediate ifles, Mr. Bligh was fent in a boat, to (bund before the (hips. But before we got under fail, the wind became fo variable and unfettled, as to render it unfafe to attempt a paiFage with which we were (b little acquainted : we therefore lay fafl, and made fignal lor the maftcr to return. He, and the maftcr of the Difcovery, were afterwards fent, each in a boat, to examine the channels. Towards noon, a S Y large % » -!.' i ■ -f 'i'r-Ri 1. ^M-fm. 454 Ci^pt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. large failing canoe came under our ftern, in which was a perfon named Poulaho, or Futtafaihe, who was faid by the natives then on board, to be king of Tongataboo, Annamooka, Hapaec, and all the neighbouring iflands. VVe were furprifcd to find a (Iranger dignified with this title, which we were taught to believe appertained to another : but they perfifted in their aflcrtions, that the fuprcine dignity belonged to Poulaho ; and now for the firil time acknowledged, that I'cenou was not the king, birt a fubordinate chief, though of great power. Alter this explanation, Poulaho was invited by the captain on bpard, where he was not an unwelcome guelt, as he brought with him two fat hogs by way of prcfcnt. This great perfonage, though not very tall, was ex- tremely unweildy, and almoftfliapclcfs with corpulence. He appeared to be about forty ; his hair was Uraight, and his features conliderably diflcrent from thofc of the majority of his people. We found him to be a man of gravity and good fcnfe. He viewed the ftiip, and the various new objcfts, with a particular atten- tion; and alked many pertinent queftions. When he had gratified his curiofity in looking at the cattle, and other novelties, he was requefted to walk down into he cabin ; to which fome of his retinue objeclcd, faying, that, if he fliould godown thither, it would doubtlcfs happen that people would walk over his head; a cir- cumrtance that could not be permitted. W^ien tnis objedion was to be obviated, by ordering that no one ihould prefumc to walk over the cabin, Poulaho vavcd all ceremony and ventured down without an/ prc\ ious flipulation. He now appeared to be no Icfi lolicitous than his people were, to convince us that he vas fovcrcign, and not Fecnou. He fat down to dinner with us, but eat and drank very little; and afterwards defircd the captain to accompany him on fliorc. Omiah vas alTicd to be one of the party ; but he was too faith- fully attached to I'cenou, to flicw much rcfpcct to his competitor, and therefore declined the invitation. Cap- tain Cook attended the chief in his own boat, having I'lrll made him fuch prcfents as exceeded his expec- tations ; in return for which, PouKiho ordered two more hogs to be fent on boarl. The chief was then carried out of the boat, by his own lubjccts, on a board refembling a hand-barrow, and was feated in a (mail houfe near the fl.orc. He placed the captain by his fide; and his attendants fornuil a femi-cirde before them, on the outfide of the houfe. An old woman fat clofe to the chief, with a kind of fan in her hand, to prevent his being incommoded with the Hies. The various articles which his people had procured by trad- ing on board the fliips, being now difplayed before him, he attentively looked over them all, inquired what they had given in cxclunge, and, at length, ordered cMiy thing to be rcllorcd to the rcfpective owners, except one glafs bowl which he rcferved for hinifelf. Thcpa)ple who paid this refpet'l, firlV fquattcd them- fclves down before him, then depofited their purchafes, and iiiftantly retired. They obferved the fame ceie- mony in taking them away, and not one of them pre- fumed to fpcak to him Handing. His attendants, jull before they left him, paid him obeifance, by bowing their heads down to the fole of his foot, and touching it w ith the upper and under fide of the fingers of each hand. Captain Cook was charmed w ith the groveling fiibmiffion, or, as he termed it, the decorum, that was paid by the llavcs to their mailer on this occafion, naving fcarcc fecn the like any where, even among more civilized nations. Perh.aps the captain had never vilited Italy, and fecn the ceremony of kilTing the Pope's toe. The mafter having returned, informed us, that as far as he had proceeded, there was a pafiagc for the iliips, and tolerable anchorage ; but that, towards the S. and S. E. he obfcrved numerous flioals, breakers, and fmall illcs. In cotifequencc of this report, we relinqui(h- cd all thoughts of a paflagc this wa} , and, being re- folvcd to return to Annamooka by the fame route which wc had fo hitely experienced to be a fafe one, we fliould have failed the next morning, which was the aSth, if the wind had not been very unfetiled ; and in the night wc had feme heavy fquaJis, with thunder, lightning, and rain, to which, at times, thefe iflands art expofed. Poulaho came early on board, bringing j red-feathered cap as a prcfcnt to the captain. Thefe curiofitics were greatly fought after by us, as we kntw they would be highly valued at Otahcitc; but not one w.is ever brought forfale, though very large prices were otfcred ; nor could a perfon in either lliip make himfelf the proprietor of one, except the two captains and Omiah. They are compofcd of the tail feathers of the tropic bird, intermixed with the red feathers of the par- rocjuct ; and arc made in fuch n manner, as to tie on tjie forehead without any crown; and arc in the form of a femicircle, whole radius is iti or 20 inches. Poulaho left the Ihip in the evening; but his brother, whofe name was alfo I'uttafailie, and fome of his attendants remained all night on board. ' On Thurfday the lytli, at day-break, we weighed with a line breeze at K. N. E. and made fail to the wcil- ward, followed by fcveral of the failing canoes, in one of which was Poulaho the king, who, coming on Iward the Rcfolution, enquired for his brother, and the others who had continued with us all night. We now found that they had Ibid w ithout his permifTion ; for he gave them fuch a reprimand as brought tears from their eyes; however, he was foon reconciled to their making a longer flay ; for on his departure from the lliip, he left his brother, and five attendants on board. Wc were alfo honoured with the company of a chief, named 'l'ooboueitoa,jull arrived from Tongataboo; who, as foon as he came, fent away his canoe, dechiring, that he and five others who came wiih him, would liecpon board; fo that the captain had, at this time, his cabin filled with vilitors: thi.-i inconvenience he endured the more willingly, as they brought with themplenty ul pro- vilions as prcfents to him, for which they met with fuitable returns. In the afternoon, the eaflcrly wind w as fucceedcd by a freih breeze at S. S. E. Our courii; being S. S. W. we were obliged to beat to windward, and did butjull fetch the northern fide of Footouha by eight o'clock in the evening. The next day we plied up to I^panga, and had f()iinding.s, under the Ice or N. W. fide, in 40 fathoms water ; but the bottom being rocky, and a chain of breakers lying to the leeward, we flreiched away for Kotoo, cxpcttling to find belter an. choiage there. It was dark before wc reacliia that ifiand, where finding no convenient place to anchor in, we pafTed the night in making fbort boards. On tha 5ifl, at day-break, wc flood for the chamul bttwrai Kotoo, and the reef of rocks lying to the wcllwaui of it; but on our appro.ich, we found the wind ml'uf- ficient to lead us through. Wc therefore bote up on the outfide of the reef, and firetchcd to the S. W. till near twelve o'clock, when perceiving that weni.uie no progrefs to windward, and being apprehenfive of lofing the iflands, while we had fo many natives on board, wc tacked, Hood back, and fpent the night between i'oo- tooha and Kotoo. The wind now blew frefh, with fqualls and rain; and. during the night, by a fmall change of the wind, wcwcre very near runningagrouni on a low fandy ille, named Pootoo Pootoa, entompaf- fed with breakers. Our people having fortunately been juft ordered upon deck, to put the flup about, and moll of them being at their rclpeiitivc ftations.the ncceflary movements were performed with judgement and alert- nefs; and this alone prefervcd us from dcfirudioa. The Difcovery being aflern, was out of danger. 7 his narrow cfcape fo alarmed the natives w ho were on board, that they defired with great carncflnefs, to be put on fliore : accordingly, on the return of day-Jight, a boat was hoiftcd out, and the officer who commanded her was ordered, after landing them at Katoo, to found for anchorage along the reef whigh projects from that ifiand. During the abfence of the boat, we endea- voured to turn the (hips through the channel between the reef of Kotoo and the landy ifle t but meeting with a flrong current againil us, we were obliged to defift. On Sunday the i ft of June, diftant about four league*, we faw the burning mountains, and alwut eleven o'clock A. M. caft anchor in a line bay, in jo fathoms water, the hcfe idands ar» i-d. bringing » iptam. Thefe s> as wc knew e; but not one rgc prices were ' "lake himfcif captains and feathers of the icrsofthepar, >s to tie on the the form of a bes. Poulaho irothcr, whofe Ills attendants, . we weighed iiil to the wciU :iinoes, in one ning on board and the others Vc now found » ; for he gave rs from their their making » the fliip, he board. We . chief, named boo ; w ho, as ecl;iring, that •ouid Deepen mc, his cabin : endured the jlenty of pro- icy met with calU'rly wind . Our courfe windward, I'ootouha by day we plied Icr the Ice or 3ottom being e leeward, He lid belter an. rcaclKi.1 that to anchor in, d.s. On iha md lift ween wcduaul of : w inil iiifuf, : bote up on he S. \\. till we made no five ol loling )n boaui, we etwecn Foo- freih, with by a fmall ng a -ground , cnconipaf- jnatcly been lit, and mod he nccelfary nt and alert< deftrudlion. igcr. 'J'his re on board, 1 be put on ght, a boat nandcd her 3 found for from that we cndea- lel between lit meeting obliged to )ur leaguef, vcn o'clock loms water, the 1 "f Ml J': ■:■! thefand lliore. quently ptople wl tfiitic mim pachci ^ BtiMte to I cdin K account celTiblc bJ fuddcnly I end in redl lod roots I «cU cultii two miles I «ur people lie, and wward wrecked, their anch fonably to ous, with morning ii ward, notv whole ftre fubfided. t wy fafcly Thurfday found the i Ring up yi^ lefithan 2 traded with been very theirfevcra plantain-fi' feen lying fedlion; a in cxchanf board, he ' melon am regret, th; vermin ; tl left, were i Friday Vavaoo, ai hogs and that inan( which the tempeftiK had peri muchcre< •cquaintc perhaps > Vavaoo \ there, tha way back had com u his fu curing th nation ol lofs at fe very ftor other ch rived; a a-fhore 1 of the in rafter to icknowl and the Thecaj COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the IMCltlC OCliAN, &f 455 thefandy ifle bearing E. by N. about one mile from the ftore. Here we remained till the 4th, being fre- quently vifited by the kjng, by I'ooboueita, and b}' ptople who came from the neighbouring iflands to tnffic with us. Mr. Bligh, in the mean time, was dif- riitched to found the channels between the iflands Utuate to the eaflward ; and Captain Cook himfclf land- ed m Kotoo, to take a furvey of it. This illand, on account of the coral reefs that inviron it, is fcarceiy ac- cciTible by boats. Its N. W. end is low ; but it rifes fuddcnly in the middle, and terminates at the S. E. end in reddi(h clayey cli^s. It produces the fame fruits and roots with the adjacent idands, and is tolerably wcU cultivated, though thinly inhabited. It is about two miles in length. In the abfence of the captain Air people were employed in cutting grafs for the cat- tle, and we planted fome melon feeds. On our return to the boat, we pafTed by fome ponds of dirty brackifli water, and faw a burying-place, which was much neater than any one we had feen at Hapaec. On the 4th, at feven o'clock, A. M. we made fail, with a ftrong gale at E. S. E. and, about five in the afternoon, reach- ed Annamooka, where we moored in our old birth, which we had lately occupied : but the Difcovery, not being able to beat up againft the wind, did not arrive till feven in the evening. When cafting anchor fhc drove, and, in Icfs than an hour, was three leagues to lte-»ard of us, and in the utmoft danger of being wrecked. Thry were now employed in weighing up their anchor j and we fcnt a number of our hands fea- fonably to their adiftancc. The night was tempcftu- ou>, with a high fca. They laboured till four m the morning incellantly ; yet made but little way to wind- ward, notwithftanding the utmoU exertions of their whole ftrength ; but providentially the gale having fubfided, they fwaycd the anchor, and before day-light wtt fafely moored by our fide. This day, being Tmirfday the ah. Captain Cook went on (horc, and found the illanders very buly in their plantations, dig- ging up yams for traffic. In the coui fe of the day not kfithan 2Cxd of them affembled on the beach, and traded with great eagernefs. It appeared that they had been very diligent, during our abfence, in cultivating thcirfeveral plantations ; and we now oliferved many large plantain-fields, which places, in our late vifit, wc had fetn lying warte. The yams were in the higheft per- feiflion; and we obtained a good quantity of them in exchange for iron. Before the captain returned on board, he vifited the feveral places where we had fown melon and cucumber feeds ; but found, to his great regret, that moft of them had lieen deftroyed by the vermin ; though fome pine-apples which had alfo been left, were in a thriving condition. Friday the 6th, about noon, Feenou arrived from Vavaoo, and informed us that feveral canoes, laden with hogs and other proviiions, had failed with him from that idand, but had been loll near Appy, the idand in which the burning mountains are ikuated, in the late tempeftuous weatner, and every perfon on board them Imd perifhed. This melancholy talc did not gain much credit with us, as we were by this time fufficiently acquainted with the charadler of the relator. The truth perhaps was, that he had been unable to procure at vavaoo the cxpcifled fupplies; or, if he obtained any there, that he had left them at Hapaec, which lay in his way back, and where he muft have heard that Poulaho had come to vifit us ; who therefore, he knew, would, u his fuperior, reap all the merit and reward of pro- curing thofe fupplies, without having had any partici- pation of the trouble. The invention, however, of this rafi at fe?. was not ill imagined ; for we had lately had very ftonny weather. On the 7th, Poulaho, and fome odier chiefs, who had been wind-bound with him ar- rived ; at which time Captain Cook happened to be a-fhore with Feenou, who now appeared to be fcnfible of the impropriety of his conduft, m arrogating a cha- rafter to which hehadno juft claim; for he not only acknowledged Poulaho as foveteign of Tongataboo, and the adjacent ifles, but aftedled to infift much on it. The captain left him, and went to pay a vifit to the king, whom he found fitting with a few of the nativei before hiinj l)ut great number;; haflening to pay their rcfpects to him, the circle enl.-wgcd very fall. When Feenou a()proaLheil, he placed himfclfamong the retl that fat before Poulaho, as attendants on his majefty. He at lirlV feemcd to he Ibmcwhat confiifed and .-ibalh- cd; but foon recovered liin\felf. A very Ihoit conver- fation pad'ed bciwech thcfe two chiefs, which none of us underllood; nor were we fatisfied with Omiah's in- terpretation of it: however, from what we obfcrvcd, we were fiiiliciently undeceived as to Feenou's rank. Both the king and Feenou accompanied the captairi on board to dinner;. but Poulaho only fat at tabic. Feenou, after having made his obcifance in the ufuiil mode, by faluting the foot of hh fovcreign with his head and hand<, retired from the cabin ; lind if now 'appeared, that he could neither eat nor drink in the king's prefence. On Sunday the 8th, at cicht o'clock, A. M. we weighed anchor, and fet fail for Tongataboo, or Am- rterdam IlTand, having a gentle breeze, at N. E. Wc were accompanied by 14 or 15 failing vclTels, belong- ing td the illanders, every one of which out-rdn the (hips. Feenou was to have taken his pall'jgc in the Rcfolution I but preferred his own canoe ; and put two men on board, as pilots, to condiid us to the belt an- chorage. The royal canoe was dilUnguilhcd from the reft by a fmall bundle of grafs, of a red colour, faftened to the end of a pole, and fixed in the ftern, in the fame manner as our cndgn ftadi. At five in the afternoon wc dcfcried two fmall idands, at the dillance of four leagues to the wed ward. One was called by our two pilots Hoonga Hapace, and the other Moonga Tonga. They are lituatcd in the latituiii.' of ;o deg. 56 min. S. and about 10 leagues from the wcdern point of An- namooka, in the dircrtionof S. 46 deg. W. We were told only five men redded on Hoonga Hapaec ; and that Hoonga Tonga had no inhabitants. Wc con- tinued a S. W. coarfe till two o'clock, A. M. of the qth, when we faw feveral little idands, beyond which appeared F.ooa and Tongataboo. We now had 25 fa- thoms water, with a bottom of broken coral and fand ; and the ilepth gradually dccrcafcd, as we approached the above-mentioned fmall ides, which lie ranged along the N. I'"., litle of Tongataboo. Steering by the diredioii of our two pilots, for the wideft (pace between ihofc ides, wc were infenlihly drawn upon a large Hat, upon which lay innumerable rocks of coral, below the fur- face of the fea. Notwithftanding our boats were founding a-hcad, and our utmoft attention and care tof avoid thofe rocks, we were unable to prevent the Rcfo- lution from ftriking on one of them: nor did the Dif- covery, though at our ftern, efcape better. Happy for us it W.1S, that we had day light and fine weather. By clapping the fails to the mail, and lightening the diipi abaft, we fwaycd her off: and it fortunately happened, through the proteelion of an over-ruling providence, that neither of the ftiips ftuck faft, nor fuftained any damage. Wc now held on our courfe, and the moment we faw a place where we could anchor withanydegree of fafety, we came to ; and the mafters were difpatched with the boats to found. Soon after we had caft an- chor, feveral of the natives of Tongataboo came to us in their canoes, alTuring us, that we diould meet with deepwaterfurtherin, free fromrocks. Theirintelligence was true; for, about four o'clock, theboats made a (ignal of having found good anchoring ground. We therefore weighed, and ftood in till dark, when we anchored in nine fathoms water, with a clear fandy bottom. During the night, we had fome rain ; but early in tJic mornings the wind became fbutherly, and bringing on fair weather, we weighed again, and worked towards the (hore of Tongatabod. While we continued plying up the harbour, the king frequently failed round its in hi* Canoe ; and at the fame time there was a great num- ber of fmall canoes about the (hips. Two of thefe not getting out of the way of the king's veflTel, he ran quite over them with the greateft unconcern'. Among thofe who came on board the Rcfolution was Otago^ who had been fo ufeful to Captain Cook, when he vifited Tongataboo^ 45*^ Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COM I' LET E. Timnataboo in his prccaiinp; voyaj^c, and mic Tooboii, who had, at that time, attached himlclt'to Captain Fuincaux. I'.u h ot' thcni liroiight yams and a hop, in tcllinif>ny ot'frieiTdlhip,; tor which ihey received a fuitahic return. VVc arrived at our intended flation ahout two o'clock in the afternoon of the loth. It was a very cotiveniciu phicc, formed by the Ihorc of Tonga - tah(K) on the S. l-',. and two fniail illes on the \i. and N. K. Here both (liips anchored over a fandy bottom, where the depth of water was lo. fathoms. ()iir dif- tance froin lliorc exceciled a ([uarter of a mile. Wc were inltantly furroumted iiy natives, wiio came to ■welcome us and fecmcii overjoved at our arrival. It has not Ikcm uncommon with fome compilers of voy- at;cs. to fliji;mati/.e tluCe illmdcrs with the name of Savages, th.m whicii no appellation can Ik* wc/rfe ap- g)ied, for a more civilized pc(>j)lc do not exill under the fun. Duriiii; the whole time of our flay, we diii iv)t fee one inllan.e of difordcr amonj^ them, nor one pcrfon punillu'd lor any mifdemeanor Iw their chiefs. Wef.iw but fewquainls amonj; mdividuals; on the i on- trary, much miithand I'eeming harmony were oblerva- blc. Highly delighted with their Ihows and heivas, they fpenil their time in a kind of luxurious indolence, w here all labour a litilu, but none to excefs. I'heking paildles himfell in his canoe, though he muft have a tow-tow to help him to cat. This fecms Ihange to am luuopean, as it leduies a man to the condition of a chiKI ; and yet it is but one remove from what we fee d.iiK practiled before our eves. The gentleman has his t.ible fpieul, his lood of virions !''-'ts let before him : li.is a!i his apparatus made reaily, his bread cut, hii meat carved, and his plate firnillied; he has his drink handed to him, and in (liort, every thimi; which the tropical king has, exce|it only conveying his food to his mouth, which the chief thinks may as well be done bv his tow-row. Yet the r/million of this fin'.'.lc act of handing his nw.it and drink to his nu)uth, brings ;i term ol reproach u\:c»\ the chief, though, by the handi- nefs ot' his fervants in the fervices of tiic table, the l\u- ropean gains the character of the pulite gentleman. Such and fo flender are the refineiiK-nts of nations ; the barriers tH.il divide imlolenre from fuiuptuoufnefs ; ■i:id the limplicity of a tropical chief from the m.igni- ficcnceof an IJiropean Prince. In the afternoon, Captain Cook, attended by Omiah, fome ollicers, and othergentlcmen, landed on the illand of 'I'onga taboo. V\e tbund the king waiting our ar- rival on the beach, who, when we landed, conduiited us to a I'mall neat hoiife near the wood.s, having an exten- U\c area before it : this, he told tlic captain, was at his iervice, during his eominuancc in the illand. Before we had been long in the houfe, a large circle of the na- tives haii airciubled, ;md feated themfelves on the area. A root of the Kava plant being brotight to the king, he commanded that it Ihould be Iplit into pieces, and dif- tiibuted to feveral people of both fcxes, who began to chew it, and foon prepred a bowl of their favourite liquor. Mean while, a baked hog, and a quantity of baked yams were produced, and divided into ten por- tions. Thefe fliarcs were given to fome of thofc who were prcfent, except one, which remained undifpofcd of, and which probably was rcfcrved for the king him- felf. The liquor was next ferved out; and the firll cup being brought to the king, he ordered it to be given to a perfon who fat near him: the fecond was alfo brought to him, which he kept : the third wasprcfented to Captain Cook; but their mode of preparing the liquor h:.ving difgufled him, it was handed toOmiah. The remainner of it was dillributed to different people; and one of the cups being carried to Foulaho's brother, he retired with this, and with his fliareof the provifions. Others alfo withdrew from the circle with their por- tions, becaufe they could neither cat nor drink in his niajefty's prtfencc : but there were fome of aii inferior rank, who both eat and drank before him. Soon after, the greater part of them went a^ay, carrying with them w hat they had not eaten of the fliare of the feaft. We obfcrved, that the fervants who diftributcd the meat, and the Kava, delivered them fitting, not only to the a. , . ^ king but toothers who were partakers of this feaft; but not a fourth prt of the company had tafted either the vicluals or the drink. The grc.itcft good order uai preferved throughout the affembly j and though a iTrat many people were prefcnt who had never ftcn us be- fore, yet no one was troublcfome. Before the captain returned on board, he went in fearch of a waterinir. place, and was conduced to foine ponds, in one of which the water was tolerable, but it was at feme dif. tince inland. Wednefday the i rth, the Captain being informed tlut the fmall ifland of Pangimodoo, near which the (hips were Ihitioned, could better fupply that imprt.mt article, he wait over to it, aivd found there a pool con- tainiiTg frellier water than any we had met with amonp thefe illands. This pool being extremely muddy, he caufed it to be cleanfed j and here it was thai we filial our water -calks, 'i'he fame morning a tent was piti h- ed near the houfe which rhe king had afligned for our ufe. The lioifes, cattle, and (heep, were'then lamloil, and a party of iiiirineii (lationed there as a guard. The obl'ervatory was fet up at an inconlideiahle dilKinte from another tent ; and Mr. King took up his refukiKc on lliore, to direct the ol)fervations, and fuperiiucml all other necelwry bufinefs. A party was flaiioncd ii> cut wood f(>r fuel, and planks for the (hipsj and ilv gunners were appointed to cwidud the traffic witii [lie inhabitants, who flocked froiu all prts of the ill.md with liOgs, y.ims, cocoa-nuts, and other articles, id- foniuch, ihar our land-fKuion relirml)led a fair, and ouv ihifis were remarkably crouded with vifitants. IVeiuiu reiivling in our neighbourhood, we had daily prcnils of his generolity and opulence, by the continuation of bu viluahle donations. PDuLihowas equally attentive to us in [Ills refpcct, as fcarcely a day palled without h'.i la\ouring us with conliderable prelents. We were iioit informed, that a perfon, named Mareewagee w.isof verf ligh rank in the illand, and was treated Hith great re- >erence ; nay if oi>r interpreter, Ornish, did nor niifim- djrllanvl his informers, tlut he was fuperior to PcuLiho hi:iifelf; but th II, being advanced in years, he lived in retiremeiu, and therefore «as not inclined to pay us a vilit. I in; intelligence having excited the curiolity of Ciptain Coi.k, he lignilied to Poulaho his intention of waiting upon Mireew.igee ; .iiul the king having agreed to .iccoMipany hun, tliey fet out early on Thiiilday the I 2th, in the pinnace. Captain Clerke joining them in one of his own Ikkiu. I'hey then proceeded to the caihvard of the little illes which form thcharljour, and turning towards the fouth, entered a Ijucious bay, up which they rowed about three miles, and landed aniidll a great concouife of people, who received them with fliouts and acclam.uion.. The crowd inltantly fepa- rated, that I'oulaho might pifs, who took our gentle- men into a (iiiall enclofure, and then the king changed the piece ot'cloth he wore, foi- a new piece, very neatly folded : an old woman allilling in drelling him, and put a large mat over hi:, cloth. Being now alked, where Marce« agec was, to our great furpnfe, he laid, that he was gone doH n to our fliips. I Ic now refuelled uj to accompany him to a malaee, or houfe of public refort; and w hen we came to a large area twfore it, he feateii himfelf in the path, while, at his delire, we walked up to the lioufe, and fat down in the front. After waitin;^ a little while, wc repeated our enquiries, by the medium ofOmiah, whether wc were to be introduced to Ma» reewagee.' But receiving no fatisfaiilory anfwer, and being mclined to fufpcift, that the aged chief was pur- pofely concealed from us, we returned to the twats much piqued at our difappointment. It afterward* appeared that Mareewagee had not bceji there; and that, in this alVair, fomegrofs miHakes had been made, Omiah either having been miiinformed, or having inif- underltood what was told him cotKerning the old chief. In this cxcurfion, the place we went to was a very pteafmt village, delightfully (ituated on the banks of the bay or inlet, where moft of the principal perfons of the illand refide. Each of thefe has his houfe in the midff of a fmall plantation^ with out-houfesand offices for fervants. I'hefc plantations are neatly fenced round, COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 457 round, and, in general, have only one entrance, which ii'by a ^oor faftencd on the infidu with a prop of wood. Between each plantation are public roads and narrow lanes. A coniiderable part ot Tome of thefe cnclofurcs i) laid out in prafs-plots, ami planted with fuch things lu fccni Ills adapted for ufc than ornament. In fuch other plantations as were not the rclidcncc of perfons of high rank, every article of the vegetable produce of the itland was in great plenty. Near the great roads arc fonic large houfes, with fpacious grafs-plots before them, which were faid to belong to the king, and are probably the places where public aflcmblics of the peo- ple arc held. F'riday the 1 1th, about noon, Marecwagcc came within a finall ditlancc of our port on fliore, attended bv a gf'^iit iiiiinbcr of people of all ranks. In the courlf of thi' afternoon, the two captains, and others of ourneiitlcnien, accompanied by Feenou, went a(horc to vilit him. We found a grave perfon fitting under a tree, " ith a piece «.'i cloth alwut 40 yards long, fpread bcfoit liim, round which numbers of people were leatcd. Wo ftippolld thi? to be the great perfonagc, but were informed by IVenou, that another who was fitting On a piece ol mat, was Marcewagee. To him we were introduced, and he received us very gracioully. This chief, who was alio under a tree, was named Toobou, uh(>ni we iliall call old Toobou, to diftinguirti him trmu his namc-fakc, who has already been mentioned liCapiain I'urneaux's friend. Hoth he an 1 Marccwa- tfe weic \ciicrablc m ihcir appearance. The latter Mas llriulcr in his pctfbn, and fcemcd to be neat 70 vcars (>t'aj.u'. Old nwUiu, who deliied us to fit down by him, w.n (omcwhar corpid( nt, and almort blind Itom a diliiiiler in his eyes. Hu captain, not cxjMiCt- ing ou this occalion, to meet with two chiefs, had brought on (liorc a prefent for only one : this, there. tore, he was obliged to divide between them ; but, as it happened to be coniiderable, lv)th of them appeared to belaiisficd. Our party now entertained them about an hour with two l-ren, h horns and a drum j but the firing off one of ( aptain Clerk's poikct-piliola feemcd to plcafe them moU. Before we took leave of the two chiefs, the large piece of cloth was rolled up and pre- fcntcd to Captain Cook, together w ith a few ( 01 oa-nuts. On the 14th, Old 'I'oobou came on btard to return our vifit: he alfo went on board the Difcovcry j and if our former piefent was not lutVicicntly coniiderable, the deficiency was now fupplied. In the mean time, Marcewagee went to fee ourjicople who were llatioiied on Ihore ; and Mr. King fluwed him whatever v^c had there. He was ftruck with admiration at the light of thecattle; and the crofs-cut faw rivetted his attention. Towards noon Foulaho came on board, bringing with him his fon, who was about twelve years of age. The king dined with Captain Cook; but the fon, though preftnt, was not permitted to lit down by him. 1 he < aptain found it very convenient to have Poulaho for Lis guell ! for, whenever he was prefent, which frc- qiicntiy happened, every other native was excluded from the table: whereas, if neither he nor Feenou were on board, the chiefs of inferior rank were very impor- tunate to be of the dining party, or to be admitted at that time into the cabin, which became confeq^ucntly very much crowdcfL 1 he king was foon reconcded to our rookery, and was fond of our wine. He now re- fidcd at the malaee near our tent, w here he this evening entertained our people with a dance, in which he him- fclf, though fo corpulent and unweildly, engaged. Sunday the 1 5th, in the morning, Captain Cook re- ceived a meliage liom Old Toobou, imiwrting, that he was deliious of feeing him on (bore. He and Omiah accordingly waited on that chief, whom they found fit- ting, like one of the antient patriarchs, under the Ihade of a tree, having a large piece t)f cloth, the manufadure of the ifland, fpread out before him. He dcfired them to place themfclves by him : after which he told Omiah, that the cloth, with fome cOcoa-nuts, and rcd- fcathers, conftitutcd his prefent to CaptaiiiCook. I'hc latter thanked him for the favour, accompanied with a requetl, that ha wouli;! go on board with him. Omiah, J J>Jo. 56. being fent for by Poulaho, now left the captain, whd was informed by Feenou, tha; young Fattafaihc, the king's fon, defired to fee him. He imtncdinrdy obeyed the fummons, and found Omiah and the young prince feated under a canopy of fine cloth, with a piece of a coaifcr kind, 76 yards long, and fevcn and a half broad, fpread before them and under iluin. On on;- fulc was a quantity rff((icoa-nuts J and, on the other, a Iii;e boiir, A multitude of people fat round the clotb^ among whom was Maiccw.igcc, witliotli-r perloni of nnk. The captain was rcquclKd to feat hiniftU by the prince I and then Omiah informed him, that he had been indr.ktcdby I'oulaho to ;cll him, that as his majclly and the i.aptain were InciuN, he hoped that his (on Fattafaihr might be comprehended in this union; and that the captain, as a tciiinioriy olhiscon- fcnt, would acce|)t of the prime';, pre. '.lit. Our coin- iiunder readily a^'reed to t-iis propol'al, and invite I all the cliiels to dine uiili him uii hoard. Accoidm^dy, the young prime, Old Toobou, Marcewagee, three or four lubonJinatc chiefs, and two old ladies of high rank, accompanied us to the ftiip. Marcewagee was drelfcd in a new piece of cloth, with fix patches of red feathers on the Ikirts of it, 1 his drefs was prohabK made on purpofe lor this vifit ; for as loon as he arrived on boa d, he put it otf, and prefcnted it to our captain. When dinner was fcrved up, not one of them woulil even fit down, or eat a morfcl of any thing, as tiiey were all taboo, thoy faid; which word, though it ha^ a very i om- pieheiilivc meaning, fignifies, generally, that a thing is prohibited. Why they vecre'thus rcllrained at pie- fent, was not accounted for. Having made prcfcnts to them all, and gtatilied thur curiolitv, by Ihcw ing them every part of the fliip, the capt.tui comiiictcd them alhore. When the bo.it had reached the land, I cenot!, ami tc'veral others, immeiiiatcly fteppcd out; and the young prince following them, was called back by IS'.a- rcewagec, who now p.iid the heir apparent the fame obcifance which the king was acculiomed to receive; and when O.d Toobou, and one of the ladies, hid honoiucd him with the fame marks of rcfpcilt, he was futferei) to land. After this ccremon. , the old people llc|)pcd out of thclio.u into acanoj, which was \iaitinT to c< 'icy ;hetn to their place of leliilen.c. Caj tain Cook \\:\i picafed at bcin<; prefent on this occafion, a* lie was tuns turnidied with the molf convincing proofs of thefupicinr dignity of Houlalio and his (011. ' By this time, in Iced, wc had j,-iincd fome certain int()rination with rcg.ird to the relative lituation of fevcra! chiefs. We now knew, that Old To which arc ctxoa-trccs, ami fonic fin«ll plantations. Near the creek, which tun» well of the tent, the laml is pcrfcillly Hat, ami partly ovi-r-HowciJ every tide by the fca. When the water* retire, the fiirf.KC i» fcen to conlift ol coril rock, intcrfperfcd with holes ofycliowilh niiid; and near the edj^cs, where it is rather more linn, arc vaft nuniheri of little open- inj^s, whence illiie innuniernWc fniall crah^, wliieh Iwarni up<)i>the (pot, hut arc Co very nimble, that, when »ppF(jai.he(l,thcy inllantaneoully difappcar, and bailie nil the dexterity of the natives who endeavour to catch ihem. At this place is a work of art, which tertilies fonie degree of ingenuity and pcrfeveranct'. On one iido is a narrow caufcway, which, gradually increaliiig ' in brcadiJi, rifcs w ith a gentle afcent to the height of 10 feet, where its brciidth is live paces, the whole lengtli being aluxit 74 paccn. Adjacent to this is a kind of circus, jo paces in diameter, about one or two feet higher than the caufeway that joins it; and in the middle of this circus fome trees are planted. On the oppofitc fide, another caufeway ilefcends, whii [1 is uartlv in ruins, and not above 40 paces in length. 'I'he whole is built of large coial-ltones, wiih earth on the furface, overgrown with Ihrubi and low treei. I'rom ihe nun ki ol decay in feveral pLtces, it is probably of fonic antiquity : but it fecnis to be of no fervice at prefent, whatever may have been its ufe in former times. All that could be learnt of the natives was, that it was called I'ltchee, and belonged to I'ouhiho, the king. M.mdav the \f>ih, in the nxirning, Captain Cook, Mr. (I'ore, and others, took rv walk into the country ; in the courle of which we nwt with an opportunity of feeing the whole procef'i of imkingdotli, the principal Dianufidurc of this illand, a. well as of iiiiiiv others in the South Sea. An account of this operation as per- formed at tins |)la( c, may not improperly beliil'joincd licre. The manufacturers, who are of the female lex, take the (lender llalks or trunk-, of the paper nvilberry, whirl\ r.iielv grows more rhal> fevell tiet in height, and .iboui the thii kiicls of four lingers. Irom thcfc llalks thev Ibip the bark, and fcrape olF the exterior rind; after «hic h the b.iik is lollai up, and iivuerated J()r fume time m water: it is then i)eaten with a fijuare inlbumcnt of wood, full of oMrie grooves, bi»t fonic- times with a plain one. 'ilic operation is often repeat- ed bv another perlon; or the bark is l<>ldeil feveial times, ami beat longer, which is |)rol)ably intended to tlofe rather than divide its textiiie. It isthenfpread out to drv ; the pieces being from four to fix or feven fiet in ktv^tU and ab(,ut half as broad. Thefe pieces are joined l)y fmcaring part of them with the glutinous (uiic of a berry, called tooo; and after being thus kiK^hened, tiuy are placed over a large piece of wtnxl, with a fort of ll.mip, compofed of a fibrous I'ubftancc, laid iHMieath them. The manufacturers then take a liii of cloth, and having dipped it in a juice exprclfed from the bark of a tiee, called Kokka, rub it brilkly over the piece that is making. This leaves upon the furface a drv glofs, and a iliiU brown colour; and the (lamp makes, at the lame time, a flight impretrum. Thus they pwceed, joining and llaining by degrees, till a piece ot cloth, ol the rcijuilite length and breadth, is produced. They generally leave a border, about a foot broad, at the fides, and rather longer at the ends, un- Hained. If any parts of the original pieces havaholes, nr are too th n, they glue fpare bits u(xjn them, till their thickncLs ciiu.ils that of the reft. Whenever they arc dclirous of proiiucing n black colour, they mix the juice of the Kokka with the foot procured from an oily "init. called dooedooe. They aifert, that the black gloth, uhich IS uiually moll glazed, makesa cold drefs; but the other a wannj/nc. On our return, we met with 1 cenou, whom we took with us, and another young chief, on board to dinner; which when fcrvcd up, neither of ihcm would eat a morfcl; faying that they were taboo avy : but when they found, that, in drcfling the I5ig find fome yams, no avy (or water) had been made ufe of, they both fat down, and cat very heartily : they drank alfo our wine, on being affurcd no water was in itt fron» whence we inferred, that they were at this time, for fome particular rrafon, forbidden to ull: water 1 or that, perhaps, they did not like the water we then uftil, it being taken out of one of the places where. in the iHanders b.ithed. Tucfilay the i ;th, wa- (ixi-l upon by Marccw.w(re for giving a grand haiva, or eiuertaininent, and we were all this day invited to attend. Ik'fore the tempos rary hut of this chief, and near our land lUiioii, a large fpace hid been cleared for that purpofe. ji, the morning vail nuinlxTs of the natives canv in from the country, every one of whom b)re on his Ih nilder a lonir |iole, at each end of whi, h .■ vam was furpi'iukd. Thefe poles and yams being di^piiu -I on vm\\ lidp of the open fpace, or arei, lormcd two large ""Mps, piled up to thegreatell advantage, and decorated witu ;'ii;ill filh of varioiH kinds. They were a prefeiu Iron Nu- reewa'^ee tothe two Capt.iins Cook and Clerkc. TIk* necelliiry prqiarationi being imdc, the iflanders began about eleven o'cliK.k, to exhibit thole dances which they tall Mai. I'he band of miilic, at full, confillcd of 70 men as a chorus, amidll whom were placed thne inllruments, which we called drums, though they did not much refemble them. They are cylindrical pieces of wood, from three to four leet in iength, fome of them, trunks of trees, twice as thick as a man ol onli- ntry (i/.e, and liime fmaller. They are entirely hollovt, but clofe at each end. and open only by a chink, ahmir three inches in breadth, running nearly the length of the drum. IJy this opening the red of the trunk is hol- lr>wui; which mull bean operation of fome dilfuiiltv. This miilical intlrument is called by the natives Nalfa; and having the chink turned towards them, they fit and beat vigoroully upon it, with two cyliiulrical pieces of wood, as thick as the wrill, ainl alwut a foot in ItMVth, by which means a rude, but loud and powerful found is produced, 'f hey vary at intervals, and (Kiafum.iHv the llrength nnil rate of their beating, and like«il'c change the tones, by beating towards tlu- end or mid- dle of the inllrmi>et)t. In the hrll ilance were four ranks f>f 24 men each. Thefe held in their hands a fmall thin wooden inllrii- menr, ab lut two feet in length, refembling in its lliapc an oblong paddle. With thefe inllruments, which arc called (xiggc, they niailc ililleient motions; fuch as pVinting them to the grouiul on one lide, and, at the fame inllant, inclining their bodies the lame way; then Ihifting them to the oppofitc lide in the fame manner, and with limiLir iiKlinations ; pilling them with great i|uicknefi from one hand to the other, and twirling them about with remirkable dexterity, and virions min>ol)ou at their head, who was fplendid- ly oriianuntcd wiih a kind ofgarrr' u covered with red feathers. Thcfc jierforniers . iced, fung, and twirled the paggc. To as to nu'et with the continual ap- plaufesof the fpctitators, who were particularly picaU'd with one attitude, in which they held the lai e aiide, as if afliained, with the pagge before it. The hindiiuill rank clo("ed before the front one, which foon after re- iunied its place, as in the firft and fecond dances : then beginning again, they formed a triple row, dividcti, retreated to each end of the area, and left the ground almoft clear. Two men rulliing in at that inllaiu, began to exercifc their clubs which they make ufc of in battle. Thry firft twirled them in their hands, and nude circular rfrokes before them w ith great (juickncfs, managing them with fuch Ikill, that, though they Hood clofctocach other, they never interfered. They (liifted the clubs, with uncommon dexterity, from one hand to thcotherj and, after fome time, kneeled down, and made various motions, todingup their dubs in the air, and catching them as they fell. They then retired as hallily as they entered. Their heatis were oiiumcnt- cdwith |)ieces of white cloth, fallened at the crown, with a wreath of foliage round their foreheads : and, that they might be free from every incumbrance, they had only a very linall piece of cloth tieit round the wailt. A man armed with a fpear, now ruflied in, and puthunfcli in a menacing attitude, as if he intended to rtiike with his weapon at 'one of the people in the crowd; at the fame time bending the knee a little, and trembling as it were with fury. He continued in this pofition near a minute, and then moved to the other liJe, where, having (lowi in the fame polhire, he hallily retreated tiom the area. During all this time the dancers, who had divided themfelves into two parties, continued to repeat fomething flowly ; and they now advanced, and joined again, concluding the dancs with general applaufe. This dance, in our opinion, was conlidercd as a capital performance, as fome of the principl jKople were engaged in itj one of the drums being biat by I'uttaf 'he, tne king's brother, another by Feenou, and the third by Mareewagee himfclf. In the fourthand laft dance, were 40 mcnas a chorus, w ith two drums. The performers were 60 men, arranged in three rows, having 24 in front. Before they began, we were entertained with a preliminary harangue, in which the ^vholc numlKr made reljionles to a Ipeaker folus. They then recited fentences alternately with the chorus, and made with the pagge many quick mo- tions. They divided into two parties, w ith their backs to each other j formed again; (liifted their ranks, divid- ed, and retreated ; being lucceeded by two men, who ex- crcifed with their clubs, as before, after whom cairie two others; the dancers in the mean time repeating in their turns with the chorus j they then advanced, and concluded the dance. Thcfe amufements continued from eleven o'clock till near three. The number of Idanders who attend- ed as fpc'lators, together with thofe who were round the trading-place at the tent, or ftraggling about, amounted to at leaft 10,000, all within the compafs of a quarter of a mile. Had we underftood what was fpoken in this entertainment, we might probably have gained much information with rcfpcCt to the genius and cuftoms of this people. Though the fpcdtators conft.intJy appKauded the ditterent motions, when well tnadc, a conliiR-rable fliareof the pleafure they received, fcemed to ar-'c from the fentimcntal part, or, what the performers recited. However, the mere adling part '.well dcferved our notice, on account of the extenlive- 'mfs of the plain, the variety of the motions, and the cxaft unity, cafe, gracefulnefs, and vivaci..; , with which ttiey were performed. la the evening wc were cnter- tamed with the Uomai, or night dances, rm a large area betorc tho temporary dwelling place of I icnou. They continued tiiiee hours ; .luiing uhii h time aliout twelve ot them were pcrliirmrd, ncailv in the fame manner ai thole at \ lapace. In two of them, in \\ hich fome wo- men had a part, .-> number of men lamc, and lormed a circle within tbeir's. In another, which confided of 24 men, many notions that we had not ften before, were made with rhe hands, and met with great ap- plaufe. The mulic was once changed in the coiirlL' of the evening; and in one of the dances, IVcnou liim- filf apueared at the head of 50 men. IF.; was luatly drelled in linen, and fome fmall pichiics were hung round his neck. After theCc diverdons were ended, wc were made fcnliblc, that thefe people had put them- felves to many inconvcnieiicics on ouraccount : for being drawn together to tiiis uninhabited part of the ifland, numbers of them were cbligid to lie down and (Itrt) under the bii(l:c 1; by tlie lide of a tree, or a canoe, nay, many lay do ^ :i in the open air, which they are not fond of, or fpent the remainder of the night in walking about. Notwithllanding the whole cnteriainment was conducted with betier order than could rcaf.inaMy be fuppofed, yet our utninlU.ue and attention could not prevent our bimg pliindtivd by t e natives in ihe moll- infolent manner: but tlun ic mull be a. knowkdgcd, that among fuch a multitude, there mud be a number of ill-difpofed people, and we hourly experienced their propenlity to thieving in every quarter. There was fcarcely any thing whi( h they ditl not endeavour to deal. In the miiklle of the day, they once attempted to take an anchor from oil" the Difcovcrv's bows, but: widwut cflect. The only violence of which tlicv were guilty, was, the breaking the dioulder-bone (if one of our goats; in confequencc of which flie died foon after. OnVVcdncfd.iy the tSth, one of the idanders gnr out of his canoe into the quarter gallery of the Uefolu- tion, and dole from theme a pewter biifon ; but being detected he was purfued, ami brought aloU'-^-lide the Ihip. Upon this occalion. three old woiiu-n in the caiinr made loud lamciitarions over tlie prifoner, beat- ing .heir fares and brcalli with the palms of their haiufs, in a vcr\ violent manner. This mode of ex- prelling forrow occalions the mark whic h mod of thefc people bear over their cheek-bones j for the repeated blows inHioKd by them on this part nih olVthc Ikin, andcaufe fi)me blood to How out ; and when the wouiul is green, it looks as if ■„ iiollow circle had been made by burning. On (mwc occalions, they cut this part of the lace with an indriiment. A gentleman, who was on board the Difcovery, has informed the writ.r of the hidory of thefe voyages, that he had an opportunity of j difcovering the rcafon of a very lingular mark, a little above the temples of many of 'the chiefs. In one of our excurfions into the countrv, fays this gentlcmrn, wc perceived the day was kept facred throughout the whole idaiul; that nothing was fuHlrcd to be fold; neither did the people touch any (oix\ ; and bcfides, that feveral ot' our new acquaintance were milling. I'jiquiring into the caufc, we were tokl, that a woman of quality was dead, and that the chiefs, who were her defcendants. Hayed at home to have their temples burnt. This cullom is not confined to this idand onfy, j but is likewife common to feveral others, particularly, I to thofe of Iia-oowee, or Middleburgh, and .Appee. I This mark is made on the left-lide, on the death of a I mother, and on the right-fide when the lather dies j and on the death of a high-pried, the fird joint of the little finger is amput.ited. TheCe people have there- fore their religious rites, though we were not able to difcover how, or when they were perfprmed. This day Captain Cook bedowed feme prefents on Mareewagee, in return for thofe which had been re- ceived from that chief the preceding day ; and as the entertainments then exhibited called upon us to make fome exhibition in return, he ordered all the marines to go through their exercife. on thefpot where the late dances had been performed, and, in the evert- ing, fome fire-works were alfo played off at the farnc placej ll 0dfi>^*^' 460 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. place. The king, the principal chiefs, and a vail multitude of people, were prcfent. The platoon firing fcemed to plcafc them ; but when they beheld our water rockets, they were filled with admiration and even ii'lonilhrnciu. They did not much regard the life and drum : nor the French horns that were playing during the intervals. I'ouhiho fat behind every one, no pcr- fon being permitted to lit behind him : and that his view might receive no obflrudion, none fat immedi- ately before him : a lane was nude by the fpciitators from him quite down to the fpace allotted for playing otf tlic lire-works. While the natives were in expecta- tion of feciivj; our exhibition, they engaged, for the creatcll put of the afternoon, in wrcfllingand boxing. I'he.lirll of thefc exercifts they call foohoo, and the focon.l fangatooa. When a pcrfon is dclirous of wrcll- lirig, he gives a chnllangc by croffing the ground in a kimi of n-.e-afiiied pace, and clapping fmartly on the elbow joint of one arm, which is bent, and fends forth a hollow founJ. If no opponent flcps forth, he re- turns and lits down; though fometimcs he ftands clap- ping his hands to provoke fome one to accept his chal- lenge. If an aiitagonilt makes his appearance, they meet with marks ofthe greatcft g»)od rtaturc, generally fmiliiig, and deliberately adjurting the piece of cloth that is falU-ncd round the waifl. By this cloth they lay hold of each other, and he who fuccecds in drawing his opponent to Inm, inllantly endeavours to lift him upon his breall^, and throw him upon his back ; and »f lie can turn io\u\d with him, in that pofition, two or thice tunes, before he throws him, his dexterity pro- cures him numerous plaudits rron> the fjxclators. Should thev be more equally matched, they quickly dole, and attempt to throw each other by entwining iheir legs, or ra'fipg each other from the ground ; in Which jirugglcs for vi.;tory they difplay an extraordi- nary exertion of llrength and agility. Whcii one of them is thrown, he immediately retires; while the conqueror lits down for near a minute, then rifes, and goes to the place fronj whence he came, where the vic- tory is proclaiuKd aloud. After having fat a iTiort time, he rifes again, ami challenges ; and if fevcralan- l,\gonills enter the lilh, he has the privilege of chooling which of them he picafcs to engage with : he may alio, Ihould he throw his competitor, challenge again, till he himfelf is vanciuiflied ; in whitli cafe the people of the oppolite lule chant the long of vidory in favour of their champion. It frequently happens, that five or lix rife from each fide, and give challenges fHrether ; fo tliat it is not uncommon to fee feveral fcts engaged on the field at the fame time. They preferve great tcmj^er in this exercife, and leave the fpot without the Icall difple.iliire in their countenances. When they perceive, upon trial, that they arc fo equally matched, as not to be likely to throw each other, they leaveotVby mutual confent. Should it not clearly ap- ■ pear which of them has had a fuperior advantage over the other, both fides proclaim the victory, and then they engage again ; but no one, who has been van- quiihcd, isjKrmitted to engage a fecond time with his ■ conqueror, Thofe who intend to box advance fulc- ways, changing the fide at every pace, having one arm llietchedout before, the othc"- bcnind ; and holding in enc hand a piece of cord, which they wrap clofely about it, when they meet with an opponent. This we think is intended to prevent a diffocatio" of the "hand or fingers. Their blows are dealt out ' ith great quicknefs and adiyity, and are aimed principally at the head. They ftrike cqu.ally well with cither hand. One of their moft dextrous blows is, to turn round on the heel, \ui\ after they have ftruck their advcrfary, and to give him another finSrt blow with the other hand backward. In boxing-matches, unlofs a pcrfon ftrikeshis at;tagonif> to the ground, they never iing the fong of victory ; which fiiews, that this diverlion is lefs approved among them than wreftling. Not only bovs engage in both tnefeexercifes; butitnotunfrequent- • " ly happens, that little girls box, for a fliort time, with ' great oblHnacy. On all thefe occalions, they do not cqnfider it as any difgracc to be vaiujuilhcd, and he 3 who is overcome fits down with as much indifference as if he had never entered the lifts. Some of our pco. pie contended with them in Iroth eJcrcifcs, but were generally worftcd; except in a few inllances, where as Captain Cook obferves, " it appeared, that the ftar they were in of oifendin£| us, contributed more to the vidtory, than the fjperiority of the pcrfon they en- gaged." On Thurfday the 19th, Captain Cook thought pro- per to mark out his intended prefents of animals which he defigned to leave behind hiift. He there- fore alTembled the chiefs before our houfe, and inform- ed. them of his propofcd diftribution before his dcpar.^ tiirc. To Poulaho, the king, he prcfcnted art £ngli(h bull and a cow ; to Marecwagee a cape ram, and two ewes, and to Feenou a horfe and a mare. Omiali was inllruc'led to inform the chiefs, that no fuch arrimals exifted within feveral months fail of their illand; that we hr.d brought them with much trouble and expence, for ;hcir ufe ; that, therefore, they ought to be careful' not to kill any of them till they had multiplied coiv! .klerably; and, finally, that they and their children ought ro remember, that they had received them from the natives of Britain. Omiah alfo explained to them their refpcc'tive ufes, as far as his limited knowledge would permit, for he wa.s not well vcrfed in fuch thimrj. The captain had intentlod to give old Toobou two'or three goits ; but finding that chief, who had not at- tended the meeting, though invited, indillerent about them, he added them to the fliare of Poulaho. As the captiiin intended, that the above prefents Ihould rtm:iin with the other cattle, till we were ready to (iiil, he dc- lired each of the chiefs to fend a man or two, to look after their refpciitive animals, along with our pcnpjf, in order that they might be made acquainted «ith ihc mannerof our treating tlkni. The king and I cenoii didfo; but neither Marecwagee, nor any other pcrfon for hiin,took the leall nwice of the fhcep .ifterwards. Indeed, it fin^ii appeared, that fome were dillhti.slicd with ourdillributionof the animals; for on the :otli, early in the morning, two of our Turkey-cocks, and one kid were milling. Our commander being dc- tcrmmcil to have them rcllored, fcized on three cano.s that were along-lide the Ihips: he then went on lliore, and having fot.nd the king, his brothci, I'etnou, and fome other chiefs, in our houfe, he immediately placed a guard over them, and intimated to them, that they mild remain confined till not only the turkeys and kill, but the other articles of uhich we hail been plundcud, at uillerent times, were rcfiorcd to us. On fimlin;; themfelvcs prifoners. thev concealed their feelings, as well as they could; fat down to diink kava, with an appearance of unconcern; and alUired the captain, that the things in qucUion fliould all be returned. S,« natives who had a fixed refidence within half a, mile of us. Thofc therefore who were at our poll, were ob- liged to live under trees, or in temporary huts; and the cocoa-trees were ftripped of their branches, for the pur- pofe of erefting huts for the chiefs. In the courle of our wallc wc found fix women at fupper, two of whom were fed by others. When Onaiah alked the rcafon of this circumftance, the women replied taboo mattce. Upon further enquiry it appeared, that one of them, about two months before, had waflicd the corpfc of a chief, on which account flie was not allowed to handle- any food for five months ; and that the other had per- formed the fame kind office to the dead body of a perfon of inferior rank, and was therefore under a fimilar rcftridion, though not for fo long a fpace of time. On Saturday the 21ft, early in the morning Poulaho, the king, came on board, to invite Captain Cook to the diverfions of a haiva, which entertainment he defigncd to give the fame day. He had-his head befmeared with pigment, in i>rder to communicate a red colour to his hair, which was naturally of a dark brown. Alter brcak- faft, the captain attended him to the iLorc, and found thcifianders very bufy in two places, lixing in a fqunrc and upright pofition, four very long ports, at the dif- tance of near two feet from each other. I hey after- wards filled up with yams the fquare between the polls ; and fattened (ticks acrofs, from one pod to another, at the dillance of every four feet, to prevent the pods from feparating, by the weight of the inclofei }..ms, andalfo to afcend by. As foon as the yams iuui reached the fumniit of the firll polls, they continued tc fallen others to them, till each pile was 30 feet or more in height. On the top of one of the piles, they placed two baked hogs; and, on the top of the other, a living one; and another they tied by the legs halfway up. The facility and difpatch with which thcfc two pdcs were raifcd, were very rcniark.ible. "ILuloiir fcanicn," obfervcs Captain Cook, " been orik-n'd to execute fuch a work, they would have fwoin, that it could not be performed without carpenters ; and the carpenters would have cillcd to their aid a dozen diticrcnt forts of tools, and h.ive expended, at lead, a hundred weight of nails; aiul, after all, it would have employed them as many liavj, as it did thcfc people hours. But ftanicn, like moll other amphibious animals, are always the moll hclplcfs on land." I lavmg coniplcatc'^=^i I:.:'*UM 'mi 4to Gapt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETEi zen ladies r.rc very'Ttldom inHidcd on board a king's fhip, and then only for enormous offences ; and, in the next place, the whole of the above meinoranduni con- tradids all the moft authentic accounts of the kind behaviour of the rratives of the Friendly Iflcs, and like- wife the well known humanity of our generous com- mander. We think it our duty to give a faithful detail of fads and occurrences, from the bell authorities; nor is it lefs incumbent on us, to correct all errors and niiflakes that may come under our obfcrvation: thele two obligations have hitherto been the objects of our careful attention; and we hope, in the opinion of our friends and fuhicrihers, we fliall be found to have ful- Jilled them w i'h a fcrupulous punoluality. Wedni-lii.n-'the 2;;th, two boat- that had been fiMit in feaich of a commodious channel ro fe.i, returned. Our people leported, that the channel to the north, through which we came in, was imminently dan(;tii)iis, being full of coral-rocks ; but that there was a good paflagc to the eaftward, though contracted, in one place, by the fmall illands ; confeqiiently a welUily wind w.uiid be iKTclfaiy to get through it. The fliips hcmg now completely lloutx-l, hiving wood and water as nuich as they could make room for, with hogs and lire.id-fruit in alnindjiue, in iliort iveiytiiing they could contain, or the crews dclire, oriUrs were given to prep uc lor failing; and we intended to vifit the cele- brateii little id.iad ot Middlebuigh, ol" which foniuer voyagers iiave given a moll II ittermg dellrfj)tion : luit as an cdipfe ol tlie fun was espected to be vilihle on the fifth of next month, the captain determined to Hay tiil that time, in order to ohferve it. Maving now fome davs of leiUire before we fet fail, a party ol us, accompanied by I'oulaho, fct out the next morning, being 'rhiirUl.w the :6th, in a biwt, for Mooa, a finall village, where mod of the great chiefs ufually relidc. Rowing uj) the inlet, we law 14 canoes filhing m com- pany, in one of which was I'oul.vho's fon ; they had taken fome fine mullets, and put a dozen of them into our boat. In each canoe w.is a triangul.ir net, extended between two poles, at the lower end whereof was a cod to receive and fecure the tifli. TheyiHltwed us their method of filhing, which appeared to be an cilVdual one. .\ Ihoa! of lilh was fujjpofed to he upon one of the banks, which the\ inllantly en; loltd 'n a loii!^ net like our fcine. Tliis the rulurnun, one getting iiuo the water out ot earh boat, Uirroiiiided with the trian- gular nets in their hands, witli whiart of tiic illaiid. 1 travelling was rendered e:iiV .md plealiHit : but it maikable-, that when we were on the moll ele fpots of ground, too feet at leall, above the Icvil c lea, we often met with the f-'.me coral nn k fi^ui the ihoie, projecting above the liirficc ; and liavir tl»(ire iincqualiiics, ufually fcen m rocks that lie w thewalh ofilictide; and yet, thole very fpots, al wholly defbtiite of f()il, wcic covered with liixu vegetation. Our guide conducted us to fcvci.il pools, and to fome Ipriiigs of w;iter; but in ge; thev were either llinkingor braikilh; though tho by the natives to be cxecllenr. The former were ni inl.iiuf, and the latter near the Ihoie of the bay, below high water nuik; fo t!iat only when tide was out tolerable water could be taken up them. In the dnfk of the evening, wc rcturneil fron walk, and found our fupper ready. It conlillcd of yams, and a baked hog, in which all the culin^iry had been difplayed. 'I'liere being nothing lo aniii alterlu|)per, wc lay down to lleep, according to cullom of the country, on mats fprrad upon the I and had a covering of cloth. The king, w!io made himfelf very happy with fome of our wine brandy, llef>t in the houfe, as did many other;; ot natives. Belb,-e day-break, th( y all role, and ent intoconverl'ation by miK)n-lighr. As foon as it day, they difperfcd different ways ; but it was not before they aM returned, accompanied by fever, their countrymen. V\hile they were preparing a 1 of Kava, Captain (look went to pav a vifit to Too Captain luriu.iux's friend, who had a hoiile not diftant, which, for fi/.e a. id neatnefs was hardly cxc ed in the |)la( e. I leie alio we found a company paring a morning draught. 'I'he chief made a pre to the Claptain of a live hog, and one that was bat alio a quantiiy of yams, and a l.irge i)i(ce of cl When we returned to the king, wc found him and attendants drinking the fecond bowl of Kava. That ing emptied, he informed Omiah, that he was im d'"ely going to perform a mourning ceremony, c: loogc, in memory of a fon wh» had been dead f time, and defircd us to accompa, ly him. Naturally petting to fee fomewhat new a id curious, «e rca cimiplied with his reqiiclt. The firll thing tlic 1 did, wa< to .IUj>out of the houfc, attended by two r^ - -, , . wor ^f <^h^-<. P L E T E. : were not permitted to enter here) ere? Who informed us they were ials of fome chiefs who had been and not meant as the rcpicfciua- Siich nionumental edifices, it is )iTi raifcd ; for thefe appeared to nany ages. Wc were infurmcd, »d l>ccn buried in each of tiicfe 3 of them were to be fceii. The Dtalieitc canoe, which iiad been ;ir coall, was dcpofited in one of of the riling ground was a grafs. •nt large trees were planted ; among rge ones, called Etoa. They greatly , and have a folenin efl'ed. A row fo planted near one of the houfesi. ed ourfelves with fome provifions, ht from our fliips, we took a pretty c country, attended by one of the 3 woulil not furfcr any of the rabble iged thofewhom wc met in our ex- while we were palling ; a marlc of o their fovercigns. In our pro- ie greatel)' part of the ciuintry to iig planted with various kinds of o\\ of thefe plantations were en- It -K true, fome fpots were fal- b others that ixinaiiuil in a Hate of ;n thefe lall were oi" public luilitv, ivcs 'timber, as they were generally We i'.xw likcuife, in our walk, fe- liited illand-i (belonging as «e were laav public roads, antl abundance of to every jiart of the illand. llencc •red eafv and pleafant : but it is rc- en we were on the moll elevated o feet ai leall, above the level ol the with the f;".mc coral rock i(k\m\ on ig above the liirfarc ; and having all villi illv fcen in rocks that he within -■; and \et, thole very fpots, aliiioll (i)il, were covered with hixuiunr Hide conducted us to fcvcral little (priiigs of water; but in <'e:ieial, iking or braikilh; though thought cxcdle'ir. The former wcic niolllv er near the Ihoie of the bay, ar.i mark ; fo tliat only when the le water could be taken up from Ihe evening, wc returned from our flipper ready. It conlilled of lilh, Ihog, ill which all the ciiliruiry arts iliere being nothing to amiile us liown to llcep, according to the |i \ , on mats fpread mwit tlie iluor, g of cloth. The king, wb.o had jappy with forne of our wine and houfe, as did many others of the f-break, they all role, and entered muon-light. As foon as it was litferent ways ; but it was not long jrned, accompanied by fcvcral ot IWhile they were preparing a boul ok went to pay a vifit to Toobou, Ifriend, who had a hoiifc i.ot lar ]e a. id neainefs was hardly exceeds l;ie alfo we found a company pre- ujght. 'I'he chief made a prtlent live hog, anil one that was baked ( Lms, and a large piece of cloth. the king, we found hitn and his Ihe fecond b^ 11 !|'!:ir-i; BlPljPiiii'i'i'iiiii'iHiiV'H'.i, ilii ^lila..^:-'-|,:l ij^^ ■'.H^ M -km %M MM ^^ ^^ .^' v f f- -Ml ft i)V \ ;fP i/Oiii mm ■>'■'?*• ,.rii. #■• ''• -' . - •' ' i tv,' t'J- ■ '4 m. VaUMM«UM«y<*««*MJMtfMU\ .,'t V 31 K. I*,'- i ■■ M- ' ^i- M I I lan ir tni^M L.-*— . cdoK's THIRD and LAST VOYAGE—To the PACIFIC OCliAN, &c. 403 .{ '< t. 'f f ^^^ ■■^i^^^ women, and put on a new cloathing, over which was placed an old ragged mat, that might have ferved his ptat grandfather upon a fimilar occalion. His at- tendants were habited in. the fame manner, excepting that, in point of antiquity, none of their mats could vie with that of their mailer. Thus equippcjj, we marched off preceded by eight or ten pcrfons in the fame uni- fotin, each of them having likewife a green bough about his neck., Poulaho hdd his bough in his hand till he approached the place of rendezvous, when he alfo put it round his neck. Wc now entered a fmall inclol'urc, wherein was a neat houfe, and a man fitting before it. As the company entered, they took the branches from their necks, and threw them away. The liing feated himfelf, and the reft of his people (at be- fore him in the ufual manner. By the arrival of other perfons, the circle iiicreafed to upwards of an hundred, principally old men, a I drelTed in the manner above dcfcribcJ. The company beiog alFembled, a huge rooL of Kava was produced by one of the king's fcrvants, from whence was extracted liquor fuQicicnt to fill a capacious bo«l that would tontam, at lead, live gallons. Many pcrloni now big.ui to chew the root, and the bowl was filled up to ihc brim. Others were employed in niakim:; drinking cups ut plantain leaves. '1 no liili r- -.'.M was filled, bein^.; prcfentcd to the king he orilcrcil it ti) be given to another perfoni tlie fccond was alfo brought to him, and he Jrank itj ihc third was olitrcd to Captain Cook. After.v.irds fevcial cups were given to others, till the whole ol' the lu]'ior was cx- haurted; ami, though not half the ■ jiipany partook oi it, iiooncap[KMied in the leart diira-isficd. Ka^h lu,/ aiit was emptied, was thrown upon the gnniiid, wl.eni 1 it was taken up, and carried to be lillid again. .\l\ this time tliL clii'-f, and his wliole circle, fat with a great deal of gravity, fcldoni fpi.iking a wotvl \.o eat h other. All till:, while we were 111 expectation ui feciivj; the mourning cen ninny begin, when, to our great lur- pri/e, as foon as the Kava was diaiik out, ihey all role up and difperled ; I'oula'io, at the lame time, informed US, he was now ready to attend us to the (hips. The Kava is a fpecies of pepper, branching coiilidtrably, with large heart-diapid leaves, and jointed dorks. The natives edeem it a valuable article, taking great care to defend the young plants from injury, which they generally let about their houles. 'I'hcy do not often exceed, when lull grown, ilie height of a man, though we have icen loiiie much higher. The root is thconly part ultd at tliefe illands, Iroin whence their favourite poiat Kill i> extr.i' ted. The quantity put into each cu[) is about a quaitcr of a pint. It has no percep- tible ellect on thel'e people, who ufe it lb Irequently j but on loiiic of ours it operated like our fpirils, occa- (ioamg intoxication, or rather ihipetaction. The mmirnmg ceremony being over, to our no (iiiall dif- apiioiutment, we lel't Mooa, and let out on our return to the (hips. Rowing down the inlet, we met with two canoes returning (rom (idling. Poulaho ordered thcinto appro.uh him, and took tiom them every (il)i ami (hell. He afterwards flopped t«o other canoes, fearched them, an i found nothing. Hegaveusfome of the lidi, and the reil were fold by his fervants on board the Ihip. Proceeding do.. ii the inlet, ^e over- took a large failing c moe, when every per ("on on board hir fat down till we had pafied ; even tl-.e man who ilccicd, though he coui.l not pod'ibly manage the helm, but 111 a (landing podiire. {laving been ipfornK-d by Poulaho and others, that there was (bme good water at Oncvy.a fmall idand, about a league from the mouth of the iiilet, we landed th'-rc but found it extremely brackidi. This illand istjuite in its natural (late, and only frequented a« a (idling -place; having marly the fame productions as Palmerlton's Idand. When we reached the (liip, and got on board, wc were inlbrmed, that every thing had continued quiet duri-^j^r our ab- li'KC; not a (ingle theft having been committed; of ■ which Feenou, and Futtafaihc, the king's brother, who had undertaken the management of his countrymen, during our abfcnce, boaded not a little. This evinces what power the chiefs have, when they are difpofed to execute it ; which is not olten to be expected ; for whatever was flolen from us, was generally conveyed to them. But the good condutil o( the natives was of ftiort duration, for, Saturday the 2 8th, fix of them adaultcd fnmc of our people, who were fawing planks ; in confcquence of which they were fired at by our ii-ntry: one of them was fuppofed to be wounded, and three were made prifoners. The latter were conlined till night, when they w:ere puniflied, and let at liberty. Alter this their behaviour was very decent and circumfpefl ; oc- cafioned, as we thought, by the m:'n being wouiuled ; for, till this time, they had only heard of the effect of our fire-arms, but now they had felt it. We were not midakcn in our con|edure, (or Mr. King and Mr. .'\n- derfon, in an excurlioii they took into the country, met with the very man, and found indubitahl.' marks of his having been wounded w ith a miifket ball. Nothing worthy of notice happened at the diips for two days; wc (hall thfretore (ill up that interval with an account of Mr. Anderfon's excurfion into the coun- try, jull mentioned. Oil .Monday the ;(3th, Mr. King and Mr. Anderfon accompanied I'uttalaihe as viiitors to his honfc, which is not far from that of his brother Poulal'.o, at Mc'oa. Soon after they arrived a good (i/.cd hog was killed, which was eifeiitcd by repeated llrokcs upon the head. I'he hair wa.s.ihcn ciiriouriy fcraped o(f with the Harp edgcof pieces of bamboo, ami tlieenrrails i.iken out by ilie famcfiir.pic indrument. Previous to this an oven hid been prepared, which was a 1 rgc hole ifu^ in the c.irth, the ho;tom of which was cos eied with doiies, I'jout the lize of a man's (id, and made red hot by kiiiJling ,1 (ire over them : they then wrapped foine of iliofe don.'s in leaves of the bread-fruit-tree, with which ihey liiler! the hog'b billy; (hiding in a quantity of' ' .■'.'■■;, :'n.l a i)Iug of the fame kimi, to prevent their Killing out. This being done, the carcafs was placed mioii foiiic dicks laid aciofs tlie doncs, and covered with pl.ir.tain-leaves. 'Ihe cauh was afterwards dug up all round ; and the oven being thus edcetually clofcd, the operaiion of baking n quired no farther aid. While this was doing, our gentlemen amufed them- felves by walking about the country , but faw nothing remarkable, except a I'iatooka, about jo fcet high. .\ta fmalididance therefrom, were feveral Ftooa-trees, whereon they faw a great number of Ternate-bats, making a mod ilif.igreeablc noile. Not havinn- their mulkcts with tiiem at this time, they could not kill any, but fome taken at .Annamooka, meal'ured almoll a yard, wlien t!ie wings were extended. On their re- turn to I'litMtaihe's dwelling, the baked hog was hiouglu out, aceoinpanied with fome cocoa-nuis, and feveral balkets of baked yams. The perfon who pre- pared the hog in the morning, now cut it up in a niaderly manner, w ith a knife made of fplit bamboo. Thougfi the weight was, at lead, neaily ("nen done, the whole was placed befijte thein ; when they took a fmall part, and defired the red might be didribut J among the people fitting round. I'uttafaihe could hardly be prevailed upon to eat a morlel. Dinner be- ing ended, we went with him, and his attendants, to the fpot where I'oulaho's mourning ceremony was per- formed. They faw nothing but a kind of continuation of the (ame folemn rites, by way of condolence. Upon enquiring into the realbn of this tranfac'tion, they were inlbrmed, that it was in memory of a chief who had long fince died at Vavaoo ; that they had pradifed it ever (ince, and (hould continue to do (b for a cordlde- rable length of time to come. In the evening, they were entertained with a pig fiir fupper, drefled )''"e the hog, and, as that, accompanied with yair.s.and cocoa nuts. When liipper was over, a large quantity of cloth was brought lor them ;o deep on ; but they were dillurbed in their repofe, by a lingular piece of luxury, with which men of confequcnce m this ifland indulge thcml'elves, namely, that cf being thumped or patted, till and w hile they are afiecp. Two women, wbq fat by Futtalaihe, performed this office, which they call tooge toogc, by driking his bod^ and legs with both fifts. _0M»''i^*''- 464 Capt. C O O Ks VOYAGES C O M P L E V I" fifts, till he fell adccp, and with fomc intervals, con- tinued it the whole night. If the perfon is adcep, they abate a little of the ftrength and iuifkncfs of the beating : but if they obfcrvc the leall appearance of his awaking, they rcfume it. In the morning they were informed, that Futtafaihe's women relieved each other, and went alternately to lleep. Such a prac- tifc as this, in any other country, would be fuppofcd to be dellruiitivc of all rcit ; but here it operates like an opiate, and rtrongly points out what habit will cffeit The noife ocrafioncd by this extraordinary cuftom, was not the only bar to their fleeping ; for the people who pufll-d the night in the houfc, not only converfed frequently with each other, as in the day- time ; but all go; up before it was light, and made a hearty meal on filli and yams, which were brought to them by a perfon, who fccmed to be well acquainted with the ufual (;r appointed time of their nodurnal repall. The next morning, being July the irt, they walked down the caft-fide of the bay 10 the point, accompa- nied by Futtafaihe. The country appeared in a fine ihite of c iltivation, but not fo many inclofures as at M oa ; an.l amonjr the great number of plantain-ficlds, tbi'ic was one at leall a mile long, in excellent order, cvcrv tree growing with great vigoin". 'I'hcy found, that in travelling, Futtafaihe exertifed a power, which evinced the great authority the principal men arc in- veflcd « ith. To one place he fcnt for filb ; to another for yams, &:c. and his orders were as rcaddy obeyed as if he had been abfolute mafter of all the peoples pro- perty. When we came to tl)c point fomcihuig was i.ientioncd by the natives concerning a man, who, they faid, had been lircd at by one of tnir guard; and upon our dcfi ring to fee tiie perfon, they conducted us to a houfc, wherein was a man who h.ad been thnt through the iliouldcr, but not dangcroully. The ball had en- tered a little above the inner part of the collar- bone; aiKl pallid out obliquely backward. From the Pate of the wound, and feveral particularcircumdanccs, we were certain, that he was the jjerfon who had been fire 1 at hv one of our fcntinels, thicc days before; thougli politive orders had been given, that none of our people ihould load their pieces with any thing but fniaii llior. There were many of them ready to fwear thi'v had loaded only with thefc; and how the fmgle mulket happened to be that day charged with ball, Captam (^ook could never find out. Our gentlemen ga\c lome directions how to manage the wound, to vvhi(l) no remedy had been applied; and the natives feemcd plcafed, when they were informed it would get well in a certain time. But on their departure, tliev icquelled of them to fend the wounded man fomc vam>, and other forts of food ; and in fuch a manner, that it was concluded they confulcred it to be our duty 10 fupport him, till he might be able to fupply his wants with his own labour. They crolFcd the bay, in rhe evening, to our (lation, in a canoe procured by Juttafaihe, who exerciled his authority by callmg to the firll th.it appeared. He had alfo brought to him at this place, by a fervant, a large hog, and a bundle of (loth, which he wanted them to jccept of as a prefent from him; but tlic boat being fniall, they objee'ted; and he ordered it to be conveyed over to them the next day. Thus ends Mr. Andcrfon's account of his cxcurlion. On Wednefday the 2nd, Captain Cook examining the micrometer, belonging to the board of longitude, found fomc of the rack work broken, and that the ip- flrument could not be repaired, nor rendered tit for ufe, by the time of the cxpeded eclipfc, though we had prolonged our ftay w ith a view of making obfervations when this event Ihould take place. Being thus difap- pointcd in our expcdation, wc began to p,rcpare for our departure, by getting this day on board all our cat- tle, poultry, and other animals, except ihofe ;liit wcrf dcftined to remain. The captam defigned to have lc|t a Turkey-cock and hen ; but two hens ha\ injr been dedroycd by accident, and wilhing to carry the lined to Otahcite, he referved the only remaining pair for that place. Wc had brought three hens to thefc illaiuis, one of which was ftrangled, and the other was kilhvl bv a ufelefs dog belonging to one of our officers. TJii; cap, tain afterwards repented his not haying given the preference to Tongataboo, as the prefent would have bCv-n more valued there than at Otaheite; and he was perfuaded the natives of the furmcr illand would have taken more pains to multiply the breed. On the id wc unmoored, worked out of the bay, and moved the lliips behind PangimddiX), where we lay in readiiiefs to take the advantage of a favourable wind, to take iis through the gut, in our way to Eooa-whe, or Middle- burgh. 'I'he king, who this day dined with us, took particular notice of the plates ; which the captain ob- lerving, made him an oiler of one, cither of pewter, or earthen-ware : he made choice of the firft, and men- tioned the (evcral ufes to w hich he intended to apply it; two of which were fo very extraordinary that ihcy defcrvc to be related. Whenever he fliould vHit,iny of the othcriflands, he faid he wduld leave this plate behind him at Tongataboo, as his reprefentative, iha; the people might, in his abfence, pay it thehomaj^cduc to himlelf in perfon. On being alltcd, how lie had ufiiallv been re|!relented in his abfence, before he wns in [loUellion of a plate, he informed us, that this (in. gular honour Ivid always been conferred on a wooden bow I, in w hich he wallicd his hands. The other ule to which he meant to apply the plate inflcad of the howl, was to difcover a thief. When any thing had Ihcn llolen, andthc thici not detected, the people wire af- fembled before him, when he walhed his hands in the; vellel. After this it was cleanfed, and every innn ail- vamed, and touched it w ith his hand, in the fune manner as they touch his foot when they oHcr him obcifance. If touched by the guilty perfon, h- dropped down dead immediately; and if any one rclufed to touch it, fuch refufal was confulcred as a fuHirient proof of guil-. On S.itr day the 5th, the day of the eclipfc, the wiather in the morning was cloudy, with fomc Ihowers of rain. About nine o'clock, the fun broke out at fliort intervals for about half an hour, but was totally obfcured jull before the commencement of the eclipfc. The fun again appeared at intervals till about the middle of the eclipfc ; but was fecn no more during the remainder of the day, fo that we could not obferve the end. This difappointment was the lefsto be lamented, as the longitude was fulliciently deter- mined by lunar obfervations. The eclipfc being over, we packed up the inflrumcnts, took down the ohfer- vatorics, and every thing was conveyed on board. None of the natives having taken the lead notiee or care of the dieep allotted to Mareewagcc, th: captain ordered them to be carried back to the diips. I Ic was apprehenlivc, that if he diould leave them there, they would probably be deftroyed by the dogs. Thefc ani- mals did not exift upon the idand in 1773, when Cap- tain Cook fird vifited it ; but there are now plenty of them among the chiefs, partly from the breed fmce that riiiiC, and partly from fomc imported from .in illand not very remote, called Feejee. At prefent, however, the dogs have not got into any of the Friendly Idands, except Tongataboo. We ihall here add fome particulars about this and its produvliom, f.ir which wc arc indebted to Mr. Anderfon. He fpcnt many weeks upon it, and Jiad many opportu- nities of gaining accurate information; and his rr- fearchcs will fupply the imperfections or deficiencies, i.i our former account of this idand ; but tor thefc particular?, wc beg leave to refer our readers to the chapter following. CHAP; ;.vccpt ihofc :1m were 1 licii^riunl to h.ivc lf|t 10 hens haxiiiL; been ig to cairy the lined :niaininff pair lonhat istothercillan,ls,one ithcr wa.s killc.i by a r olliccrs. 'I lie cap. )t havi'ng piveii the : prcrent would have Jtahcite; and he was :•!■ Uland would have -• breed. On the -jd, bay, and moved the Mc lay in readinels, able wind, to take us )oa-wIic, 01- Middle. dined with us, took ■hich tiic captain ob- , cithcrof pewter, or f the lirft, a:id men- c intended to apply raordinary that they r he iliould vilit any mid leave this pljte rcprcfentaiive, iha: lay it thehoniafjeduc alkcd, how In; had rcnrc, hel'ore he was ed us, that this liii- dencii on a wooden Is. The other life to ; indeadoC th.c howl, any ihinj; had heen the people were af- icd his hands in th;; and every nvin ad. 5 hand, in the fiine vhen thiv o.'lcr him y perHin, h -dropped wy one rehired to cd as a fiitlicient jth, the day of the was cloudy, with no o'clock, the fun lut half an hour, hut commenccineni of red at intervals till ut was fecn no more thai we could not iicnt was the lefsio s fullkicntly deter- : eclipfe being over, )k down the ohfer- )nvcyed on hoard, the lead notice or 'wagec, th.' captain the (hips. Me was /e thcin there, they : dogs. Thcfe ani- n 1773, when Cap- re are now plenty roni the breed lince imported from an ejee. At prefciu, into any of the 0. We (hall here )d its productions, r. Andcrfon. He ad many opportu- tion; and his rc- or deficiencies, nd ; but for thcfc ur readers to the » V. \ \ \ CHAP; wm COOK'S THIRD and LAST VoYAGIi—Ts the PACIFIC OCf'AN, ^c. 465 C II A P. VI. Di'/'crlplion 0/ the ifland, ammah, Vfg^ilMs, Cs'c. of T'mi'ttaioo, or Am/l,i;lmn—/f/". miiily al Moon, cttl/rJ h'ulchc, frt* formed in honour of the kiu^ s fmi — Exiriiordinury proceffions iv J carmonirs—11.,- manm r of fpcnJiii^ ibe iiif^lj/ at lie kin/'-houfe — The folemnily continued, and 1 onJnUiirfs concerning it — The R,;foliition and Difiuvcry lie pan J nm 'fnifn. tdio, and arr'tve at Kw-a An account of that ijiind—T),.iifuf/inns ih.rc — Thy '.vci^h anchcr a'ld Ho-n fhrmij) ll}( cb.mne! — Ob/ervations on the friend/y Ijhind.<—fbf niimler of ijlaiids and tbcir names— '/Iccmiit cf I'&vac), Uanm, and Fecjee — The general charafler, perfom, manners, cuftoms, ha/nti, and ornamenii of the inhiil Hants dif nl id— Furious mphymenls of the women and men ofihr Friendly Ijlands—Ticir manner of as^ruiili re and InHding their h-rfs — Fiirni- ture, canoes, tools, cordage, and fijhing- tackle — Weapons and in/lnniirnls of mif. — t'cgetatle and (uiimal food — Their method of cooking, diverjions, marriage, and mourning ceremonies — Of their iL-ities and religious rpimoni—Tkir Feiiloakas m.Thep(nver of their chiefs, form of government, and manner of p.iyiug homage to their fivereigii — The rcyal funuly— Specimen of their language-^Sautical remarks and other J?! Mil tit-' ,• -: ■';Jr' mWI IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.! 1 1^ Ilia t (^4S 12.0 IL25 ■ 1.4 1.8 1.6 V] <^ /a ^ ^/. o V7f M Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 A 2ST MAIN STKfeiT WiSSTER.N.Y. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 5? /. ^P fc ? 466 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. Dr. Porter's curious eye: but, perhaps, the difterent feafons of the year, and his Ihort ftay, did not give him an opportunity to notice them : in our longer ftay here, not more than a fourth part of the trees and plants were in flower -, a cfrcuinftance abfolutely ncccffary, to ena- ble one to diOiiii^uilh the various kinds. In this illand are no other quadrupeds but hogs, fome doi;s, and a few rats. Fowls, which areof a large breed, are domedicatcd here. Of the birds are par- Tots, fomcwlwt finallcr than the common grey ones, having an indifferent green on the back and wings, the tail bluilh, and the relt of a footy or chocolate brown; parroquets, not larger than a fparrow, of a fine yellowifli green, with bright azure on the crown of the head, and the throat and belly red; befides another fort as large as a dove, with a blue crown and thighs, the throat and under part of the head crimfon, as alfopart of the bLlly, and the reft a beautiful green. Here are owls, about the ftze of our common ones, but of a much finer plumage; cuckoos mentioned at \ Palinerllon's Illc; king-fiflicrs, about the (ize of a thrudi, of a greenifli blue, with a white ring about the neck; and a bird of the thrudi kind, almofi: as big, of a dull green colour, with two yellow wattles at the oafe of the bill, which is the only iinging one we heard at thir> place; hut it compenfatcs a good deal for the want of other f(Mif;lk'rs, by the llrength and melody of its notes, which lill the woods at dawn, in the evening, and at the breaking up of bad weather. The other land-birds are rails, as large as a pigctm, of a variegated grey colour, with a rully neck; a black fort with red eyes, not lar;::'.Tthan a lark; violet -coloured coots, with bald red crowns; two forts of fly-catchers ; a very fniall l\vall()v\ ; and three (orts of pigeons; one of whitii is the li/c (pf il'.c idninion fort, of a light green on the b.ii k and uin;.'.', "ith anil forehead ; and ano- ther, loniewhat lei's ol" a purple brown, but whitiih underneath. Of water-fowl, and fuch as frequent the fta, arc the ducks fcen at Annamooka, though fcarce here; blue anil white herons; tropic birds; common noddies; white terns; a new fpecies of a leaden colour, with a black crell; a fniall bluifli cur- lew; and a larf.^ plover, fpotted with yellow. Ije- lides liie large bats, mentioned before, there is alfo the toiumon ill '. 'i'heonly noxious or difguding animals of the ivi^tile or infcCl tribe, are fea fnakes, three feet long, with black and white circles alternately, often found on diore; fome fcorpions and centipedes. 'J here are fine green guanoes, a foot and a half long; another brown and ipolted li/.ard, about a foot and a halt long; and two other iiiiall forts. Among the other forts of infects, arc fome beautiful moths; butter- flies; very large fpiders ; and others; making, in the whole, about fifty didcrcnt kimi.s. 'I'hough the fea abounds with lidi, the variety is Ids than might be cx- peckd. The mod frequent forts are the mullets; par- rot fidi; lilver tidi; old wives; beautiful fpotted folcs ; leather jackets; bonnetos; i.->d albicorcs; befides the eels mentioiud at r'ahncrdon's illand ; fome fharks; rays; pipe filh; a fort of pikes; and fome curious devil fidi. The numerous reefs and Ihoals on the north fide of the idand, alford (belter for an endlcfs variety of fliell-filh; among which arc many much efleemed in l''.uro|)e; fuch as the true hammer oyrtcr; of which, however, none could be obtained entire; a laigc inden- tatcd oyfler, and many others ; but none of the com- mon fort; panamas, cones ; a gigantic cockle, found in the Fall Indies; pearl-ditll oylfers; and many others hitherto unknown to the mod diligent enquirers after that branch of natmal hiflory. Here arc likcwifc fe- viral Ibrts of fca-ig).- ; and many very fine ftar-filbt befides a confiderablc v.iricty of corals; among which aretv.o red forts ; the one moll elegantly branched, the other tubulous. And there i-; no lefs variety among the crabs and cray-lidi, which abound here. On Monday, the 7th, early in the morning, a large canoe went along liilc the Ditcovcry, in which were three men and a woman, ol'fuperior dignity to any her company had yet feen to ( onic aboaid. One of them, fuppofed by his venerable appearance, to be the high pried, held a long pole or fpear in his hand, to which he tied a white flag, and began an oration which laftcd a confiderablc time. After it was concluded, he af- cended the fide of the fliip, and fat down, with great compofure,onthe quarter deck, till he was acceded by captain Gierke, who, after the ufual falutations. invited him, and his attendants, into the great cabin; but the latter declined the invitation ; and to make kno.ir, the dignity of the great perfonage, in whofe pre(i;r„e tficy were, they proftrated themfelves before him, tne wo. men as well as the men, and kiflcd the fole of his right foot. This aged iflander brought with him, as a pre. fent to captain Gierke, four large hogs, fix fowls, with a proportionable quantity of yams and plantain's. " In return, the Captain gave him a printed gown, a Chi. nefe looking-glafs, fome earthen ware, Ac. which he accepted with great courtefy, andwith an air of dignity which remarkably diftinguilhed him. The Captain and officers paid him great attention, and dicwed hira the dilfercnt accommodations on board the fhip, at which he cxprelfed great aflonidiment. He was then invited to eat, which he declined. He was offered wine, of which the Captain drank firfi; he put it to his lips, tailed it, but returned the glafs. Having been on board little more than an hour, he was defiious of taking leave, and pointed to a little illand, to which he gave the Captain a very preding invitation to acconu pany him, but as he had other entertainments in view, on diore, that could not be complied with. This ve- nerable perion was about fix feet, three inches high, finely proportioned, and had a commanding air, that was both alVabie and graceful. We were not favoured with a vilit, nor did this great man come at any tinw on board the Refoiutioiv Though we were now ready to fail, we had not iiiHicient day-light to turn through the narrow?; the morning flood fiilling out too eailv, and the evening flood too late. We were therefore un- der a necedity of waiting two or three days, unlefs we diould be fortunate enough to have a leading wind. This delay gave us an opportunity to be prefent at a public folcmnity, to which the king had invited us, who laid it would be performed in a day or two. Accord- ingly, he and all the people o( confcqucnce, repaired thisday to ,VI(K)a,whcrethe folemnity was to beexhibitcd. On Tiicfday the 8th, a party of us followed them! I'oulaho now informed us, that his fon was to be ini- tiated into certain privileges; one of which was, that of eating with his father; an honour he had not hi- therto enjoyed. About eight o'clock in the morning, we arrived at Mooa, win re wc found 'he king, with a number of attendants fitting before him, within a fniall dirty enclofure. They were, as ufual, bulled in pre- paring a bowl of kava. As this was not liquor for us, we went to pay a vilit to fome of our friends, and to obfervewhat preparations were making for the cere- mony, which was foon expecfed to begin. About ten j'clock, the people allcmbled in a large area before the malaee, or great houfe. At the end of a roud, o(H-ning into this area, dood fcvcral men with fpears and clubs, reciting inccllantly fiiort fentences, in mournful accents, which conveyed an idea of didiefs. Ihis was conti- nued aliout an hour; during which time, many people rame dov\ n the road, each having a yam tied to the middle of a pole, which they laid down before thofc who continued repeating the fentences. At length the king and prince arrived, and feated themfelves upon the area ; and we were requeded to lit down by them, to take olf our hats, and to untie our hair. The bearers of the yams .aving all entered, each pole was taken up between two men, who carried it over their dioulders. They then formed themfelves in companies, of ten or twelve each, and marched acrofs the place, with a rapid pace, each company headed by a man who had a club or fpear, and definded, on the right, by fevcral others, armed with diflTeient weapons. About two hundred and fifty pcrfons walked in the procedlon, which w.is dofed bya mancarrvingon a pearch a living pigeon. Omiah was defiretl by captain Cook m .ifit the chief where the yams were to be carried with fo much (o- lemnity; but he fecined ur willing to give us the infor- mation to which nich lafted ed, he af- vith great ^coftcd by s, invited ! but the tno-.vi the ■shK'e trtcy f iiis right 1 as a pre. o«ls, with itains. 'In •n, aOii- which he of dignity, le Captain 'lewrd him ^c ftip, at was then as ottered put it to avingbccn Jcf irons of ' which ho to accnni- ts in view, I'his ve- 'lies high, S -lir, that 't (avoiircd My tinre now ready ni through too early, ■ rcforc uii- unlefs we ling wind, 'elcnt at a ted us, who Accord- c. repaired ■exhibited. «td them. ! to be ini- I »»as, that lad not hi- 1 ;t»; ii. f ^«sttet:r-trf+«.>J*^i«V-»x •■ "■fti*. r,. ; ^t *3 ■s i w *♦/ ,.^- ^t *j',3 :4*. f,^ »> ^'<, if' 4' < Mfj /.'i V, ^> t ^ 4' 'if M i rl it I I flfr ^«*> I, * f* 1 I'Vi ift ^^ ^, :^^' A,! r^\ I,"**' <--'f'^-% M-' ^^|i '^i^ k'** '^IJv w« <'# 5»" •'^ M,1, ■f«, >- ,.l-- f ft •^ -'f !^ «' *-•** I « k V5f?i jri*" - i ■ f^if .'I: COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE^To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 467 nation we required: Ibme of us, therefore, followed the proceflion, fecmingly contrary to his inclination. They flopped before a Morai, or Featooka of one houfc, (landing upon a mount, about a quarter of a mile from the place where they had firft aircmblcd. Here they depofited the yams, and gathered them into bundles ; but for what purpofc we could not polTibly learn. Our prefcnce fecming togivc them uneafinefs, we returned to Poulaho, who advifcd us to amufe our- fclvesby walking about, as nothing would be done for a conikicrable time. The fearof loiing the light of any part of the ceremony, prevented our being long ab- fciit. When we returned to the king, he delired cap- tain Cook to order the boat's crew not to prefumc to (lir from the boat, for every thing would, very foon, be taboo; and if any of our people, or of their own, jliouk) be feen walking about, they would certainly be knocked down with clubs, if they were not matecd, that is, killed. He added, that we could not be prefcnt at the ceremony j but that we fliould be placed in fuch a lituation, as to be able to fee everything that palfed, Ourdrcfs was particularly objciflcd to, and we were told, that, to qualify us to be prefcnt, we mull be naked as low as the brcall, that our hats mull be ofl', and our hair untied. Omiah agreed readily to conform to thefe requilites, and immediately began to (Irip ; but other objections were then darted, and he was ex- cluded equally with ourfclvcs. Not relilhing this reltriction, the Captain dole out, to fee what might now be going forward. Very few people, however, were to be feen, except thofc who were drelfcd to at- tend the ceremony ; fomc of whom had in their hands fnvill poles, about four feet in length, to the under part ol which were fallcned two or three other fmall Hicks, about lix inches long. Thefe men were going towards the Morai. The Captain took the fame road, and was frequently (lopped by them, all crying out taboo. How- ever, he ventured to go forward till he came in light of the Morai, ami of the people fitting before it. He was now (Irongly urged to go back, and, not knowing tthar might l)e the confequence of a refufal, he com- plied. He had obfervcd, that thnfe who carried the poles palled the Morai ; and guclling from this cir- ciimllanfe, thai fomcthing was iranliioting beyond it, he had fome thoughts of advancing, by making a round for this purpofe ; but he was fo narrow ly ob- fcrved by three men, that he had no opportunity of carrying his dclign into execution. In onlcr to (hake otf theic three fellows, he returned to the Malaee, where he had parted from the king, and afterwards made an elopement a fecond time; but he inllanily met with the fame men, who had doubtlefs received in- ftrucHons to watch him. However, the Captain paid no attention to them, but proceeded onw.ird till he came within light of the king's principal Fiatooka, or Morai ; before which a great numlicr of people were lilting, being thofe whom he had jull feen beibre pafs !iv the morai, from whence this was but a little diflant. Perceiving, while he was conlidcring what he (hould do, that he could obfervc the proceedings of this com- pany from the king's plantation, he repaired thither, accompanied by feveral of his people. The number of perfons at the Fiatooka continued increaling for fomc time; and at length, they quitted their fitting iwllurc, and marched Off in proceflion. They walked in pairs, every pair carrying between them, one of the linall poles on their flioulders. We were informed, that the fmall pieces of flicks, fattened to the poles, were yams; it is therefore probable, that they were nicaiit to reprcfeiH that root emblematically. The hindmoll man of each couple placed one of his hands to the middle of the pole, as if it were not (Irong enough totarry the weight that hung upon it, and under which they all fecmcd to bend as they proceeded. This pro- ccllion confided of one hundred and eight pairs, chiefly men of rank. Having feen them all pafs, we repaired to Poulaho's houfe, and faw him going out. We were not permitted to follow himj but were immediately conJuiilud to the place allotted to us, behind a fiance ad- ' joining to the area of the Fiatooka, where the yams had been clepofited in the morning. When arrived at our dation, we faw two or three hundred perfons^ fitting on the grafs, near the end of , the road operiing into the area of the Morai; ai.vl others were continually joining them. At length, ar- rived a few men, each carrying fomc fniall poles and branches, or leaves of the cocoa-nut tree. As foon as they appeared, an old man feated himfclf in the road, ana pronounced a long oration in a ferioiis majcdic tone. He then retired, and the others advancing to the middle of the area, began to erect n fmall flicd or hut; employing, for that purpofe, the materials already mentioned. I'heir work being finilhed.they all fquattcd down for a moment before it, then rofe up, and joined the red of the company. Poulaho's fon arrived foon after, preceded by four or five male attendants. After them appeared about twelve or fourteen wpmen of the fird rank, advancing flowly in pairs, each pair carrying between them a narrow piece of white cloth, about two or three yards in length. They approached the prince, fquattcd down before him, and wrapped fomc of the pieces of cloth round his body; they then role up, and retiredin the fame order, to (bme didance on his left, where they feated themfelves. Poulaho now made his appearance, preceded by four men, walking two and two abreall, and fat down on his fon's left hand, at a fmall didance from him. The young prince then quitted his fird podtion, and feated himfclf under the died, with his attendants; many others placing them- felves on the grafs before this royal canopy. The prince fat facing the people, with his back to the Mo- I rai. Three companies, of about ten or a dozen men in each, darted up from among the crowd, foon after each other, and, running hallily to the oppoiite fide, fat down for a few feconds; and then returned, in the fame manner, to their former daiions. To them fuc- cecded two men, each having a fmall green branch in his hand, who rofe and advanced towards the prince, fitting down fora few^ minutes, three diftcrcnt times, as they approached; and retired in the fame manner, in- clining their branches to each other as they fat. Af- terwards two others repeated the fime ceremony. The • grand procclllon, which marched from the other Mo- rai, now began to come in. As they entered the area, they proeceded to the right of the died, and, having prodrated themfelves on the grafs, dcpodtcd their pre- tended heavy burdens, (the poles) and faced round to the prince. They then rofe up, and retired in the fame order, doling their hands with the mod ferious afpccl, and dated themfelves along the front of the area. While this numerous band were entering, and depofiting their poles, three men, who fat with the prince, continued pronouncing feparate feniences, in a mournful melancholy tone. A profound filencc now enfucd for a diort time, after which a man who fat in the front of the area, began a kind of oration, during which, at feveral different times, he broke one of ihc poles which had been brought in. Having concluded his oration, the people fitting before the (hed, feparated, to make a lane, through which the prince and his at- tendants palled, and the aflembly clofed. Satisfied with what we had already feen, fome of our party now returned to the fliips ; but captain Cook, and fome more of the oflicers, remained at Mooa, to fee the conclufion of the folemnity, which was not to be till the day following. The fmall poles, v/nich had been brought by thofe who walked in proccinon, being left on the ground, ader the cro\.d had difperfed, the cap- tain examined, and found that, to the middle of each, two or three dnall dicks were tied, as has been related. They were probably intended as only artificial repre- fentations of fmall yams. Our fuppcr, confiding of fifh and yams, was got ready about feven o'clock. The king fupped with us, and drank fo freely of brandy and water, that he reiiicd to bed with a futlicicnt dofe. We continued the whole night in the fame houfe with him and his attendants. About one or two o'clock ift the morning, on Wednefday, the 9th, they waked, con- ■ ; f; : ■ verfed : i»;c 46a. Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. r' verfcd for about an hour, and then went to fleep again. All, except Poutaho, rofe at break of day; foon after which, a \von\an, one of ihofe who generally attended Dpon the kinj^, came in, and fittingdown by him, im- mediately began the nimeopetation that had been prac- tifed upf>n Futtafaihe, tapping', or beating gently, with fcer clenched fifts, ory his thighs: but this, inftead of promoting repofc, had the contsaiy effeft.and he awoke. Captain Cook and Omiah paid now a vifit to the prince, who had parted from us early in the preceding even- ing; for he did not lodge with the king, but in apart, ments of his own, at fome diftance from his father's houfe. We lound him with a circle of youths, about tiis owrv age-, fitting before him; alfo an old man and woman. There were others, of both fexes, employed about their neceffary affiiirs, who probably belonged to his houfhold. We now returned to the king, who had a crowded levee before him, crniftfting principally of old men. While a bo^vl of kava was preparing, a baked hog and yams, fmoaking hot, were introduced; the grcatfft part «rf which fell to our fliarcj for thefe people, efpecially the kava drinkers, eat very little in the morning. "We afterwards walked out, and vilited feveral other ch'icfs» all of whom were taking their morning draught, or had already taken it. Returning to the king, we found him aflccp in a retired hut, with two women patting him. About eleven o'clock he made his appearance among u», partook of fome f fh and yams, and again lay down to deep. We now ■ left him, and waited on the prince, with a prcfent of cloth, beads and other articles. There was a fufficient qii.intity of cloth to make him a complete fuit, and he was immediately clad in his new habiliments. Proud of his ilicfs, he firft went to exhibit himfeif to his fa- ther, atul then conduced Captain Cook to his mother, with' whom were about a do7.en other women, of a very rcfpectable appcaiantc. Here the princechanged his appaiel, and made the Captain a prefent of two iiicccs of cloth which had been manufedured in the ifland. It was now about noonj when, by appoint* mciit, the Captain repaired to the palace to dinner; which was foort after fcrved up, and confifted of two pigs and fome yams. The drowfy monarch was louzcd to partake of what he had ordered for oui en- tertainment. Two mullets, and fome (hell-fifti, were in- troilurcd.as if intended for his fcparatc portion. But he added it to our fare, fat down with us.and made a hearty meal. Dinner being over, we were informed that the ceremony would foon begin, and were ftridly tnjoinfd not to venture out. Captain Cook had rcfolvcd, however^ to peep no longer from behind the curtain, but, if polfible, to mix with the adors ihemfelves. With this view he walked towards the Moral, the fcenc of the folcmnity. He wasdefircd frequently to return; but he paid no regard to the admonitions he had received, and was permitted to walk on. When arrived at the Moral, he faw a number of men fcated on the fide of the area. A few alfo were fitting on the oppofite fide, and two men in the middle, with their faces towards the Moral. When Captain Cook had got into the midft of the firll company, he wasdefircd to fit down, which he ac- cord iiigly did. Where he fat, a number of fmall bun. dies were lying, compofed of cocoa.nut leaves, and foficncd to flicks made into the form of hand-barrows. All the information he could get concerning them was, that they were tabeo. Frem tin\e to time, ©nc or ano- ther of the company tusncd to thofe who were coining to join iM, and made a fliort fpecch, in which we re. marked, that the word p.rekec fking) was generally mentioned. Something was faid oy one man that pro- duced loudiburflsof laughter from all around; others, of the fpcakers, were alfo much applauded. The Cap- tain was frequently dcfired to leave the place; but, at lencth, finding him determined to Hay, they requefted him to' uncover his flioulders, in like manner as they had done. This he readily complied with, and then they no longer feemed uneafy at his prefencc. The prince, the women, and the king, at length appeared, as tlicy had done the preceding day. The prmce being placed under the flied, two men, each having a piece of mat, came, repeating fomething in a very fcrious flrain, and put them about him. The people now began their performances, and dilferent companies rart backward and forward acrofsthe area, as in the former day. Prefently afterwards, the two men in the mid- dle of the area, made a fhort fpecch, and then the whole company rofe up, and placed themfclvcs before the filed in which the prince, and three or four men were featcd. One of the company, who fecnied very dcfirous of obliging the Captain, procured him fuch a fituation, that, if he could have made ufc of his eyes, nothing could have efcaped him. But it was necelTary to have a demure countenance and downcafi looks. The proceflion now arrived, as on the day before j a pole, with a cocoa-nut leaf plaited round the middle of it, being carried en the fl-.oulders of every two pcr- fons. Thefe were dcpofitcd with the fame ccremonicj as on the day before. After this fuccecdcd another pro- ceflion, compofed of men who brought bafl. c-efl'ion, there wasfpeaking fcntiments and praying by diflferent perfons. llienon a fignal being given, we all rofe up, ran feveral paces, and (at down, with our backs to the prince. The Captain was bid not to look behind him : but he was not difcouraged by this injundtion from facing about. The prince had now turned his face to the Moral, and from that moment he was admitted to the honour of eating with his father; andapieccofroafled yam was prefented to each of them for that purpofc. Soon after we turned about, forming a kind of lemi- circle before the prince, and leaving an open fpace be- tween us. Prefently fome men advanced towards us, two and two, bearing large poles upon their flioulders, waving their bands as they proceeded, and making a noife likefinging. When near us, they made a (hew of walking quick, without advancing a Angle flcp, fe- . veral men armed with large flicks, immediately flatted from the crowd, and ran towards the new vifltori, but they inflantly made ofi', having thrown down the poles from their (boulders. The otners attacked the poles, and having beat them mofl furioufly, returned to their filaccs. The former, as they ran off, gave the chal- enge ufed here in wreflling; and, in a (nort time, fome lufty fellows came from the fame quarter, repeating the challenge as they approached. Thefe were rcfiflcd by a company, who arrived at that inftant from the oppo- fite fide. Both parties, however, returned to their own quarter, after having paraded about the area for fome minutes. Afterwatds, for the fpacc of half an hour, wreflling m^- '^ S, " i ■'■!i' U -i't. 1 ■. V. . • . ■♦! • -•> '■cl'rX ■*»»•'■*-»• --rk-^, .<«»?( ;yMi ;•.».'.'*•» ' *0%: 'W ■ v-- i- *y*.' .fr 'l{**;\ ?!' vt. ir.'- tv «& "- -J': -*• vt iw; t^' .A-i iU-h '? ? ■•H' iui .;!t- W> ni^,,j^^. ,1- ^ ^ »«i V * h "is '■H*^ A. 4 l.„ -_,;-#• -.*-A.' iW." COOK'S IHIRO and LAST VOYAGE— I o the PACIFIC OCEAt^J, &c. 469 wreftlingand boxing matches fuccecdcd. Speeches «rc then delivered bv two men, who fcatcd themfelves before the prince, with which thefolcmnity ended, and the whole affembly broke up. In vain did he endeavour to find out the purport of this folemnity, called by the natives natche. All the infwcr we received to our enquiries, was taboo, which, ti has been already obfcrvcd, is applied tomany things. There was a folemn myftery in the whole tranfadiom and from the manner of performing it, as well as the place where it was performed, it was evident there is B mixture of rcfigion in the inftitution. Upon no other occafion had they regarded our drcfs and de- portmentj but now it was required, that our hair fhould flow about our fliouldcrs; that wc (liould be uncovered to the waift; fit trofs Icpgcd; and have our hands locked together. It fliould be obferved alfo, that none but the principal people, and thofe who were concerned in thcccrcinonics, were admitted to adift in the celebration of the folcinnity. AH thcfe circum- ftanccs pointed out evidently, that they fiippofcd them- felves aitting under the infpedion of a fuprcmc being upon this occafion. From this account of the natche, it may be confidcred as merely figurative. The few yartis that were fccn the firft day, could not be meant as a general contribution; and it was intimated to us, that they were a portion confecratcd to the Otnoa, or Divinity. Wc were informed that, in the fpacc of three months, there would be rrprcfentcd a more im- portant folemnity; on which occafion the tribute of Tongataboo, Hapace, Vivaoo, and all the other iflands, would be broupht to the chief, and more awfully con- firmed, by facrificin^ ten human vidims from among the people. A horrid folemnity indeed< On our in- quiring into the occafion of fo barbarous a cufiom. we were informed that it was a nccefTar)' part of the natche; and that if omitted, the Deity would dcfiroy their king. The day was far fpent before the breaking up of the alTcmbly ; and as we were at funic difiancc from the fiiips, wc were impatient to fct out from Mooa. Taking leave of Poulaho, he prcfli d us car- ncftly to ftay till the next day, in order to be prcfent at a funeral ceremony. The wife of Marcewagce, his mother-in-law, had lately died; and, on account of the natche, her corps had been carried on board a ca» noe in the lagoon. He faid, that when he had paid the laft offices to her, he would attend us to Eooa; but if we did not chufe to wait, he would follow u.s thi- ther. Wc would gladly have been prellnt at this cere- mony, had not the tide been now favourable. The wind too, which had been very boillcroiis.was now mo derate and fettled. Bcfidcs, wc were told, thai the fu neral ceremonies would continue five d.i^ ., which, as the fliips lay in fuch a fituation that we could not put tofeaat pleafurc, was too long a time to flay. 'J he Captain, however, aflured the king, that if he did not immediately fail, he would vifit him again the next day. While we were attending the natche, at Mooa, the Captain ordered the horfes, bull, and otlur c;ittle, to be brought thither, thinking they would be fafer there, than at a place that would be, in a great inea- fure, deferted, the moment after our departure. Bc- fidcs, we had left with our friends here, a young Eiig- li(b boar, and three young Eiiglilh fows. They were exceedingly dcfirousof them, naturally fuppofing they would greatly improve their own breed, wiiich are but fmall. Fcenou alfo got two rabbits from us, a buck and a doe, from which young ones were produced be- fore we failed. Should the cattle profper, the acqui- fltion to thcfe iflands will be great ; and as Tongataboo is a fine level country, the horfes will be extremely ufcful. Wc now all, the evening being far advanced, took leave of tha king, and arrived at our fliips about eight o'clock. On Thurfday, the loth, we weighed, about eight o'clock A. M. and with a fleady gale at S. £. turned through the channel, between the fmali iflcs, called Makkahaa, and Monooafai, it being much wider than the channel between the lafl mentioned ifland and Paneimodoo. The flood, at firfl fet flrong in our fa- No. 57. vour, till we were the length of the channel hading up to the lagoon, where thceaflward flood meets that Iroin the wcfl. This, with the indraught of the lagoon, aud of the flioah before it, ocrafions flrong ripRngs and whirlpools. Hefides thcfe difadvantages, the depth of the channel exceeds the length of a cable ; confc(iucnil/ there can be no anchorage, c.\icpt dole to the rocks, in forty and forty-five Jat horns water, where a fliip would be cxpofed to the whirlpools. The Captain, therefore, abandoned the defign he had formed of com- ing to an anchor, when we were through the narrows, and afterwards of making an excurfion to fee the fimt- ral. He rather chofc.to lie abfcnt from that ceremony, than to leave the fliips in fo dangerous a fituation. We plied to windward, between the two tides, till it was near high water, without cither gaining or lofing an inch, when we fuddenly got into the influence of the caftern tide, where we cxpciilcd the ebb to run ftrongly in our favour. It proved, however, very inconfider- able: at any other time it would not have been no- ticed: but by this circumflancc we were led to con-^ elude, that mofl of the water, which Hows into the la- goon, comes from the N. W. and returns the fame w ay. Convinced that we could not get to fea before it was dark, we cafl anchor under the fliore of Tongataboo, in 45 fathoms water. The Difcovcry dropped her an- chor under ourftein; but drove off the lank befoic the anchor took hold, and did not recover it till near midnight. On Friday, the i ith, near noon, we weighed and j)licd to the caflward. At ten o'clock P. M. we weathered the cafl end of the ifland, and flretchcd away for Middlchurgh, which the inhabitants call Kooa, or Ea-oowhc. We authored about eight o'clock A. M. of the 1 2th, on the S. W. fide of the ifland, in 40 fa- thoms water, over a bottom of fmd, inLciljjcrfcd with coral rocks; the extremes of the ifland extending from N. 40 dcg. K. toS. 12 dcg. W. the high land of Eooa, S. 45 dcf^. E. and Tongataboo, fiom N. 70 dcg. W. to N. 19 dcg. W. diflant about half a mile from the fliore i being nearly the fame place where Captain Cook took bis Ration in I77,j, and which he named Englifli Road. We had no Iboncr aiichorcd, than the natives came on board with a.^ little v"riniony, as if they had been ac- quainted with us for r.iany years. Tliey brought U3 the produce of the ifland: but being already fupplied with every neccflary of that kind, our chief traffic was for birds and feathers. Here the parrots and parro- cjucts were of the mofl beautiful plumage, far furpaf- linjr thofe ufually imported into Europe from the In- dies ; there are a great variety of other birds, on which many gentlemen in both fliips put a great value, thcugh they were purchafcd for trifles. The feathers wc pro- cured, were of divers colours, for difllicnt markets, but chiefly for the Marquefas and Society Iflcs. We alfo purchafcd cloth, and many other articles of curious workmanfliip, the artifls of this ifland, for invention and ingenuity in the execution, exceeding thofe of all the other iflands in the South Seas: but what particu- larly invited our flay here, was therichncfsof thegrafi, which, made into hay, proved excellent food for our live flock. Among others, Taoofa the chief, vifited us on board, and ieenied to rejoice much at our arri- val. This perfon had been C aptain Cook's Tayo, in 1 773, and, therefore, they were not ftrangers to each other. The Captain accompanied him afliore in fearch of frefli water, the procuring of w hich was the main objeift which brought us to Middleburgh. Wc had heard at Amfterdam of a ftreain at this ifland, which^ it was f;;;d, runs from the hills into the fea: but this was not to be (bund. The Captain was conducted to abrackifli fpring, among rocks, between low and high- water mark. When they perceived, that wc did not approve of this, wc were fhewn a little way into the ifland ; where, in a deep chafm, we found fomc excel" lent water; which, at the expence of fomc time and trouble, might be conveyed to the fhorc, by means of fpouts and troughs, provided for that purpqfc : but ra- ther than undertake fo tedious a ta(k, we reftcd con- tented with the fupply the fliips had received at Ton- gataboo. At this iiland of Eooa wc landed the ram 6 C aixd 4yo Capt. COO K's VOYAGES COM PL E T E." And two ewes, of the Gipc of Good Hope breed, and committed them to the care of Taoofa, who fccmcd proud of his charcc. It was, perhaps, a fortunate cir- (lumftance, that Marcewagtc, for whom they were in- tended, had llif^hu'd the pnfcnt j for as Eooa had no dogs upon it, at prcfciit, it fccmed to be a fitter place for feeding; Ibccp than Tongataboo. While wc lay at anchor, the ill;ind of Kooa, or Middlcburgh, had a wry ditrcrcnt afpeOt from any one that we had lately fccn, anil foi mod a inoft beautiful landfcapc. It is the hightft of any nw had fcen fincc wc had left New Zea- land, and iToiii its funimit, wliich appears to be almoft Hat, declines gradually towards the lea. The other illcs, which form tiiis duller, being level, the eye cannot difcover any thing except the trees that cover them: hut here the land, riling gently upwards, prcfents an extentivc profpec>, where groves, in beautiful dif- order, are interfpcrfed at irregular diftances. Near the flwrc, it is uuite fhaded with a variety of trees, among which are placed the habitations of the natives, and to the right of our flation was one of the mod exten- fivc groves of cocoa-palms that we had ever fccn. Sunday tlic r.^th, a party of us, in the afternoon, arcciulcil to the highett part of the ifland, a little to the rigiu of our fliips, to have a perfeiil view of the crniiitry. Having advanced about half way up, we trolFcd a deep valley, 'he bottom and fides of which were covered with trees. We foiind plenty of coral tin wc appro.irhed the fummits of the highcfl hills: the Ibil ivear the top, u in general, a rcddidi clay, which in many pl.ircs is very deep. On the moft elevated part of the illuid, we fawa round platform, fupported by a Willi of coral Hones. Our guides informed us, that thii mount hail been erected by command of their chief; i»i«l the principal people fometimes rcft/rted there to drink kava. 'l"hey called it luchee, by which name an ercdion was diftinguiflied which we had fecn at Tongataboo. At a fmatl diltance from it was a fpring of inoH excellent water; and, about a mile lower down, a ftreant, which, we were told, ran into the fca, when the rains are copious. We alfo dif- covercd w.itcr m i'evcral firrall holes, and fuppofe that plenty might be lijund by digging. From this elev.a- tion we had a complete view of the whole ifland, ex- cept a fmail part to the fouth. The S. E. (ide, from which the hilts we were now upon are not far dirtanr, rifes «iih great incipialirics, immediately from the fea ; fo that the plains and meadows lie all on the N. W. lide ; whicli iKing adorned whh tufts of trees, inter- mixed with plantations, form a molt delightful land- fcapc in every point of view. \\''hile the captain was furvcying this ernhanting profpcct, he enjoyed the pleaiing idea, that fomc future navigators might, from the fame eminence, behold thofe meadows ftockcd with cattle, brought by the Ihips of Kngland ; and that the completion of this lingle benevolent purpofe, cxclufive of all other conllderations, would I'ulliciently prove, that our voyages had not been ufclcfs. Wc found on this height, befidcs the plants common on the neigh- bouring ides, a fpecies of .acrolVicum, mclaftoma, and fern trees. All, or moft of the land on this illand, we were told, belonged to the chiefs of Tongataboo; the inhabitants being only tenants, or valTals to them. This feemed, indeed, to be the cafe at all the neighbouring iflcs, except Annamooka, where fomc of the chieS feemed to act with a degree of indcjKndence. Omiah, who was much eftecmcd by Fcenou, and many others, was tempted with the olFcr of being appointed a chief of this ifland, if he would continue among them; and he fccmcd inclinable to have accepted the offer, had he not been advifed to the contrary by Captain Cook ; though not bccaufc he tlu)ught he would do better for hiinfclf in his native ille. Returning from our country cxcurlion, wc heard that a party of the natives, in the quarter where our people trailed, had (truck one of their countrymen with a club, which ffaiturcd his fkuU, and afterwards broke his thigh with the ftimc. Not any ligns of life were remaining, when he was carried to a neighbouring houfe, but, in a fliort time he recovered a little. On our defiring to know the rcafon of fuch anaiH of fevcrity, wc were informed that the oircnder had been difcovcrcd in an indelicate (ituation with a woman who was taboo'd. We foon underftood, however, that flie was noothcrwifc taboo'd than by belonging to another^ fuperior in rank to her gallant. From this incident, we difcovcrcd how tlicl'c people punifli fuch infidelities : but the female finncr has a much milder correction for her crime, rccciv. ing only a flight rcmonftrance, and a very gentle beating. On Monday the i^th, in the morning, we planted a pine-apple, fomc feeds of melons, and otncr vegetables in a plantation belonging to the chief. We had goal reafon, indeed, to fuppofe, our endeavours of this kind would not be fruitlcfs ; for a didi of turnips was, this day, fcrvcd up a| his table, which was the produce of the feeds that were left here in 177J. The next day being fixed umn by the captain for failing, Tnoofa preffcd us to ftay a little longer. We muH here oh. fcrve, that in the account of Captain Cook's former vo) age, he calls the only chief he met with at this place Tioony; but wc arc inclined to think, from the information of a gentleman of veracity, on boanl the Difcovery, at this time, that Tioony and Taoofa arc one and the fame perfon. His intreatics, together with the daily expectation of receiving a vitit fioin fomc of our friends at Tonpataboo, induced us to defcv our departure. On Tuelilay the 15th, we received from 'laoofa a prefcnt conliUing of two little heaps u{ yams, and a o^iiantity of fruit, which fccmed to have been collected as at the other illcs. On this occalim the gicatcR part of the inhabitants of the itland hul aflemblcd ; and, as we had many times experienced, on fuch numerous meetings among their ncighbourinrr iflanders, gave us no fmall trouble to prevent their nil. fering. Cudgelling, wrcniing, and boxing, were ex- hibited for our entertainment ; and in the latter ex. ercifes, combatants of both fexcs engaged. Thefc diverfions were to be finiflied with thebomai, or ni-lit dance, but the following accident prevented our flay- ing on lliorc to fee it. From the accounts circulated through the (liips when we arrived, it was gcneralli- believed, that wc might travel through this illand vnth our pockets open, provided they were not lined v\ith iron; but to this, the behavit:ir of a party of the in- habitants to William Collet, captain's-ftcward of the Difcoviry, is an exception. Being alone, diverting himlclf in furvcying the country, he was fet upon anJ dripped of every thing, his (hoes only excepted, anJ on preferring his complaint, his keys were all that he was able to recover. When Captain Cook hcaid of ilws robbery, he feized two canoes, and a large hog ; at the fame time inlilHng on the chiefs not only cauling the apparel to be rell red, but alfo on the otlendcrs being delivered up to him. Taoofa feemed greatly concerned at what had happeneil. and took the necef- fary iK-ps to fatisfy in. The people who had as ufiial afTemblcd together, were fo alarmed at this afl'air, liiu moft of them immediately Hed. However, \il< n ilu , were informed, that the captain meant to tak. no otlur meafures to revenge the infiilt, they returned. One of the delinquents was foon delivered up, and a fliirt, and pair of trowfers reftored. The rcmainlcr of the rtolen things not coming in till the evening, the captain was obliged to leave them, in order to go aboard ; the fea running fo high, that it was extrcamly difficult for the boats to get out of ihc creek even with day light, and would be attended with much more danger inthe dark. He returned on (hore again the next morning', taking with him a prefentfor Taoofi, in return for whut he had received from him. Being early, there were but few people at the landing-place, and even thAfe few not without their fears and apprchenlions ; but on the captain's defiring Omiah to adurc them, that wc did not mean to injure them, and having redored the canoes, and releafed the oflcnder, who had been de- livered up, they refumed their ufual chearfulncfs, and a large circle was prcfently formed, in which the chief and the principal men of the idand took their refpec- tivc places. At length the remainder of the cloaths verc 'R«""»» COOK'S THIRD ahd LAST VOYAHE— To the 1>ACIFIC OCFAN, &c. 47' were brought in, but having been torn oil' the man's back by pieces, they were not thou^^ht worth carrying oil boanl. Taoofa fharcd the prefcnt he had received, with three or four other chiefs, referving only a fmall part for himfelf. This donation fo far exceeded their cxpcibtion, that a venerable old man told the captain, the/ were not dcfcrving of it, confidcring how little he hail received from them, and the ill treatment Mr. Collet had met with. Captain Cook continued with thtiTi, till they had emptied their bowl ofkavn; and then, after paying for the hog, which he had taken the dav before, returned on board, in company with I'aoofa, and one of I'oulaho's fervants, by whom he fcnt a piece of bar-iron, as a parting markofcllccm for that chief. This was as valuable a prefent as any the captain couKI make. Orders had been given the puctiling day for failing, and Otahcitc was appointed our place of rendezvous, in cafe of fcparation. We hail now been more than two months improving our live flock, wooding, watering, repairing our (hips, and laymfT in frefh provifioas from theff I*"ricndly Iflands. The crews of both iliips received thefc orders with alacrity ; for though they wanted for nothing, yet they Innped to be at Otaheite, where foinc of them had formal connedions that were dear to them, and where thole, who had not yet been there, had conceived fo liij;h an idea of its fupcriority, as to make them look iip()n every other place they touched at as an unculti- vated garden, in comparifon with that little Kden. We were therefore all in high fpirits this morning ; for lofn after the captain had lent off his prefent by Poulaho'i I'ervant, we weighed, and with a light breeze flood nut to fea, when Taoofa and other natives, who were in the fliip, left us. We found, on heaving up the am hor, that the cable had been much wounded liy the rocks; I) fides which we experienced, that a piodig oils fwell roils in there from the S. W. fo that the bottom of this road is not to be depended on in all wiathcrs, VVc now (leered our courfe to the fiiiiiliward, to fetch a wind to carry us to our intended poit ; and wc obferved a failing canoe entering the creek lelore which we had anchored our fliips. A few lioiirs after, a finall canoe, condutfied by four men, tame off to us; for having but little uind, we were ffill at no confidcrable dillance from the land. We were intoiined by thefe men, that the I'.iiling canoe, which we had fcen arrive, had brouglit directions to the people of I'.Doa, to tiirnifh us with hoL's, and that the king and other chiefs would be with us in the fpace of thrte or four days. They therefore rcc)ueflcd, tliat we would retiMii to our former fhition. V\'e had no rea- foiitodoubt the truth of this information; but being di.ir ol the land, it was not a fullicient inilucemcnt to brinji us back ; efjxcially, as we had already a fufH- i.iint fhu k of fVefli [iiovifions to lafl us in our paf- fjge 10 (Otaheite. Uefides Taool'a's prefent, wc received a Lu'i^e i|iiantity of yams, &:c. at l'!ooa, in exchange for ni.ls ; and added coniideiably to our fupply of hogs. I'liulmg we were determined not to return, thefc peo- ple left us in the evining, as did lomc others, who had come off in two canoes, with cocoa-nuts and fliad- docks, to barter for what they could get; their cager- nffs to jiotlefs more of our commodities, inducing them to follow us to fea, and to continue their inter- courfe with us to the lafl moment. As wc have now taken leave of the Friendly Iflands, a few obfcrvations wc made rcfpeding thefe, and others in their neighbourhood, may not be unworthy the notice of our readers. During a cordial intcrcourfeof between two and three months with their inhabitants, it may be reafonably fuppofed differences miift arife j fonie, indeed, occallonally happened, on account of their natural propenfity to thieving, though too fre- quently encouraged by the negligence and inattention of our people on duty. Thefe little mifunderflandings and differences were never attended with any fatal confequcnces, and few, belonging to our fliips, parted from their friends without regret. The time we con- tioucd here was JU)t thrown away ; and as, in a great 3 ■-■'.: .-■..:;- ,; r. mcafiirc, our fubfiftencc was draw n from the produce of the illaiidH, wc expended very little of our lea pio- vifionsj and we carried with us a lUlliciciit qiuntity of refrcflimeMts, to fupply us till our arrival at another flation, where we could again recruit : nor was it Ul'i pleafing to us, that wc had an oppoitiiniry of ferving thefc friendly people, by leaving fonic uftfiil aniiuals among them; and that thofc intended for Oialicitc. had acquired frefli flrength in the pifhi-cs of Tonga- taboo. The advantages we i\ceived. t\\ LouLhing here, were great, and wc obtained them w .,» ojt retarding the profecution of our grand ob|> ij the feafon for pro- cecding to the north being loll, before wetoniied the rcfohition of vifiting ihcfc iflands. •• Uji," obfcrves Captain Cook, " betides the immctliatc advantages, which both the natives of the Friendly Uk-s, and oiw- fclvcs received by this vilir, future navigators i'lwn Europe, if any fuch fliould ever tread our fleps, will profit by the knowledge I acquired of the geogrij.hy of this part of the I'acific Ocean ; and the inoiv pi>il,)fophi. cal reader, who loves to vilu human ii luirc in new lituations, and to fpiculate on fiiig.iiar, but faithful rcprefentations of the perfons, th^ cullonis, the arts-, the religion, the government, anc' the language of un- cultivated nature and man, in remote and ficlli dif- covered quarters of the globe, will, perhaps, find matter of amufement, if not of inflruclion, in the information which I have been enabled to convey to him, concern- ing the inhabitants of this Archipelago." Wc now proceed with our propofed obfci vations. The bef> articles for tiallic in thefe illands are iron and iron took. Ax. found peace reigns between them, they have fi- ,1 en' intercourfc together ; though, it is probable, chcs ' 1 . e not long been known to each other, otht« wi\V it ••■liTht be fup- pofed that Tongataboo, and its ncig'ibo'rmg iflands, would, before this time, have been fi;p;tl!f.u with a breed of «l ■ ■ ■♦ i a 1 '- '. * 'if • • .' '*•- . : '.;;, ',■''■■■ r, ^'^ ■( , . ^ \ az- -'*/ •f*- ii^ii^\ >' /- ■■•■. COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PAaFIC OCEAN, &c. 473 of dogs, which are numerous at Feejee, and, as we have obierved, were introduced at Tongataboo, when Captain Cook firft vifited it in 1773. The colour of the natives of Feejee is, at lead, a (hade darker than that of the inhabitants of the other Friendly Idands. vV'e faw one of the natives of Feejee, who had his ear (lit, which was the left, and the lobe fo ftretched, that it almoft extended to his Ihoulder; which fingularity had heen obferved by Captain Cook, at other iflands of the South Sea, during his fecond voyage. The Fee- jee people are much revered here, not only on account of their power and cruelty in war, but alfo for their ingenuity! for they much excel the inhabitants of Tongataboo in workmanfliip. Specimens were flicwn us of their clubs and fpears, which were very ingeni- oudy ciirved. We were alfo (hewn fome of their cloth moft beautifully chequered, mats richly variegated, curious earthen pots, and other articles, all of which difplaycd a fuperiority in the execution. The harbour and anchoring places are by far pre- ferable to any we difcovcred among thcfe iflands ; both on account of their capacity, and great fecurity. The danger we were in of being wrecked, by entering it from the north, will remain a caution to every future commander, not to attempt that paflage with a fhip of burden. The eaftern channel is much nv^re ealy and fafe. To fail into this, (leer for the N. E. point of the illand, and keep along the north fliore, witi' the fmall illes on your (larboard, till you arc the length of the cart jwint of the entrance into the lagoon; then edge over the reef of the fmall ides, and, following its dircdion, you will get through between Makkahaa and Monooafai, which lay oft" the weft point of the lagoon. Or you may go between the third and fourth illands, thatis, between Pangimodoo and Monooafai; but this channel is much narrower than the other. When you are through either of thefc channels, haul in for the (hore of Tongataboo, and caft anchor between that and Pangimodoo. before a creek leading into the lagoon; into wliich, at half flood, you may go with boats. Though the harbour of Tongataboo has the preference, its water is exceeded in goodnefs by that of Anna- mooka ; and yet even this can fcarcely be called good. Indifferent water may, nevcrthelcfs, be procured, by digging holes near the lide of the pond. Befides, An- naniooka, being nearly in the center of the whole group, is beft lituated for procuring refrclhments from the others. There is a creek in the reef on the north fide of the illand. wherein two or three fliips may lie fecurcly. We have already given an account i)f the Hapaee iflands; and (hall only add, that they extend S. W. by S. and N. E. by N. about 19 miles. The north end lies in latitude 19 dcg. S. and 33 deg. of longitude to the eaft of Annamooka. Between them are fmall iflands, fand banks, and breakers. Lafooga, oflf which «e anihored, among all the ifles of thofe that arc called Hapaee, is the moft fertile, and the beft in- hibited. Thofe who may be defirous of having a mort particular dcfcription of the Friendly Iflands, miiil have recourfc to the lift and chart. What may have here been omitted concerning their geography, will DC found in our hiftory of Captain Cook's former vo);ige, to which our rcaacrs are referred for fuch par- ticulars as he had then obferved. At prcfent, we Ihall only relate fuch intcrefting circumftances, as cither WCH' omitted in that account, or were imperfedlly and incorrcdly reprcfentcd. After living among the natives of the Friendly Iflanf's bctvcen two and three months, it is rcafonable tr cx- pcd, that we (hould be able to clear up every diffi- culty, and to give a fatisfadlory account of their man- ners, cufloms, and inftitutions, civil as well as reli- gious: cfpecially, as we had a perfon with us, who, by umkrllanding their language as well as our own, might be thought capable of ading as our interpreter. But Omiah was not qualified for that talk. IJnlefs we had before us an objcd or thing, concerning which we wanted information, we found it difficult to obtain a competent knowledge about it, from his informaiion No. 58. and explanations. Omiah was certainly more liable to make miftakes than we were; for having no curiofity, he never troubled himfelf with making remarks j and when he attempted to explain any particular matters to us, his ideas were fo limitted, and differed fo much from ours, that his confufed accounts, inllead of in- ftru(fling,often only perplexed, and led us into num- berlefs miftakes. Befides, we could feldom find a per- fon, among the natives, who had both the ability and inclination to give us the information we required : and many of them, we perceived, appeared oflentled at being a(1<« ^^^m^ .% ^i- r i'.^v 9'-'^- K -^^^ ^ ;UJ\ '■KS'rv! • •*■»«■■" ■JH« ■(M ^^'■^- - J iil»i-*«*^irt,^t*T-*'»«' ;^**M .— .•i«ir**i.vt.'« 4i«mp whita COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 475 inent as to fiiffer them to degenerate into indolence. Their country has been fo favoured by nature, that the firft can fcarcely occur; and their adive difpolition feems to be a fufRcient bar to the lad. By this for- tunate concurrence of circumftances, their ncccflary labour yields, in its turn, to their amufcments and recreations, which arc never interrupted by the thoughts of being obliged to recur to bufinefs, till they are in- duced by fatiety to wifli for that tranfition. The em- ployment of the women is not fatiguing, and is gcne- xally fuch as they can without difficulty execute in the houfe. The making of cloth is entirly entrufted to their care ; the proccfs of which manufadlurc has been already defcribcd. Their cloth is of different degrees offincnefs; the coarfer kind does not receive the im- Ereliion of any pattern; but of the finer forts, they ive various patterns, differently coloured. The cloth, in general, is able to refift water for fome time; but that which has the llronged glaze, is lead liable to be penetrated thereby. Another manufaiSure, configned ilfo to the women, is that of their mats, which excel thofe of nioft other countries, both with rcfped to their texture and beauty. Of thefe there arc fcvcn or eight diiferent forts, ufcd either for their drtfs, or to fleep upon; but many arc merely ornamental. Thcfe laft «rc made chiefly from the tough, membraneous part of the liock of the plantain-tree ; thofe that they wear, are generally compofed of the pandanus ; and the coaricr kind, whereon they fleep, are formed from a plant called Evarra. We obferved feveral other arti- cles that employ their females, as combs, of which they make great quantities ; fmall balkets made of the fame fubilance as the mats ; and others, of the fibrous hulk of the cocoa-nut, cither interwoven with beads, or plain; all which arc finifhed with extraordinary neat- nefs and tafte. The province of the men is, as might rcafonably be expeded, far more laborious and extcnli\c than that of the other fex. Architedlurc, boat-building, agriculture, and fifliing, conftitutc their principal occu- pations, and are the main objeds of their attention. As cultivated roots and fruits form their chief fubfif- tence, they find it neceffary to pradtice hufbandry, which, by their indurtry, they have brought to a degree of perfedion. In managing yams and plan- nins, they dig fmall holes for their reception, and afterwards root up the furroundinggrafs. 'I'he inflru- ments ufed for this purpofc, arc called hoo, and are nothing more than (takes of various lengths, flattened and Iharpened to an edge at one end ; and the largcfl ones have a Ihort piece fixed tranfvcrfcly, by means of which they prefs the implement into the ground w ith the foot. VVhen they plant the two above mentioned vegetables, they obfcrve fuch particular exac'tnefs, that, which ever way you turn your eyes, the rows prefent themfelves complete and regular. The bread fruit and cocoa-nuts, arc difperfed about, without any order; and when they have arrived at a certain height, give them little or no trouble. The fame may be faid of another large tree, producing a roundilh compreHld nut, called ecefee ; and of a fmallcr one, bearing an oval nut, with two or three triangular kernels. The kappc is, in general, planted regularly, and in large fpors; but the Mawhaha is intcrfperlcd among other things, as are alfo the yams and jccjcc. Sugar cane is ufually in fmall fpots, clofely crowded. The mul- berry, of which the cloih is made, is kept very clean, and has a good fpace allowed for its growth. The pandanus is commonly planted in a row, clofe together, at the fides of the fields. Thefe people difplay very little taftc or ingenuity in the conftrudion of their houfcs. Thofe belonging to the common people are wretched huts, fcarcc fufficient to (belter them from the inclemency of the weather. Thofe of the better fort are larger, as well as more commodious and comfortable. A houfe of the mid- dling fize is of the following dimenfions, namely, about n feet in height, 20 in breadth, *nd 30 in length. Their houfes arc, properly fpeaking, thatched roots or (beds, fupported by rafters and pods. The flcK)r is raifed with earth fmoothcd, and 9overcd with thick mitting. Some habitations arc open all round ; but the major part of them arc encioRd on the weather lidc with (tiongmais, or with branches of the cocoa- nut tree, plaited, or interwoven with each other. A t'vrk mat, about three feet broad, bent into a fcmicir- c liar lorin, and plated edgeways, with the ends touch* i ig the lidc of the houle, cnclofcs a fufficient fpace for the maftcr and millrcfs to fleep in. The reft of the family fleep upon any part of the floor, the unmarried men and women lying apart from each other. If the family is large, they have little huts adjoining, in which the lervants fleep. The whole of their furniture con- fills of fome wooden flools, which fervc them for pil- lows ; bafkcts of dilfcrcnt fizcs, in which they put their combs, fifli hooks, and tools; two or three wooden bowls, in which they make kava ; fome cocoa-nut (hells, a few gourds, and a bundle of cloth. But they arc very fkilful in building their canoes, which, indeed, are the moll: perfed of their mechanical prodiidions. The double ones arc very large, fiifficicntly fo to carry about io pcrlbns, and they fail at a grc.it rate. They fix upon them generally a hut or flied, for the recep- tion of the nialicr and his family. Thcfc arc made of the bread-fruit tree, and the workmanlhip is extremely neat. They appear on the out-fide as if they were compofed of one folid piece; but upon clofer infpec- tion, they arc found to confilV of a great number of planks, fitting each other cxadly, and by means of a ledge on the infide, are fccurcd together with cocoa- line. The liiiglc canoes arc furnilhed with an out- rigger. The only tools which they make ufe of in the conflrudioii of thcfc boars, arc hatchets, or adzes, of a fmooth black flonc ; augers, iradc of (harks teeth ; and rafps, compofed of the rough Ikinof.i lilh, fartcned on flat pieces of wood. The fame tools ar all they have li>r other works, except flicll.'!, which ferve them for knives. Their cordage is made of the fibres of the cocoa-nut hulk, which, though not more than 10 in- ches long, they plait about the lizc of a qiitll, to what- ever length may be required, and roll it up into balls; and by iwifling feveral of ihefc together, they form their ropes of a larger (ize. Their lilhing-lincs are as ftrongand even as our bcft cord. Their fmall hooks confifl entirely of pearllhell; but the large ones arc oaly covered with it on the back; and the points of bath are, in general, of tortoifeflicll. With the large hooks they catch albicores. and boncttos, by putting them to a bamboo-rod, about 1 2 feet long, with a line of the fame length. They have alio a number of fmall fcins, fome of which are of the moft delicate texture. Their mufical reeds or pipes, rcfcmbling the fyrinx of the ancients, have eight or ten pieces placed parallel to each other, moft of which are of unequal lengths. Their flutes arc made of a joint of bamboo, about 18 inches long, and are clofed at both ends, having a hole near each end, and four others ; two of which, and only one of the firft, are ufcd by them in playing. They clofe the left nollril with the thumb of the left- hand, and blow into the hole at one end w iih the other noftril. The fore-finger of the right-hand is applied to the lowed hole on the right, and the middle finger of the left, to the firft hole on that fide. In this man- ner, with only three notes, they produce a plcafing, though fiinple harmony. Their natfa, or drum, has been defcribcd already. Their warlike weapons are clubs curioufly ornamented, fpears, and darts. They make bows and arrows, but thcfc are intended for amufcment, and not for the purpofes of war. Their flools or rather pillows, are about two feet long, but only four or five inches in height, and near four in breadth, inclining downwards towards the middle, with four ftrong legs and circular feet; the whole compofec^ of brown or black wood, neatly poliflied, and fomttimti inlaid with ivory. They likewifc inlay with ivory th? handles of fly-naps ; and, with a (bark's tooth, (hap« bones into figures of men, birds, &c. Their vegetable diet confifls principally of pinntaini, cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, and yarns; and their chief articles of animal food are hogs, (idi, and (owls t but 1 .-mn.' the ♦ ,;)^k¥rt^.. 476 Capt. COOK '8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. # the common people frequently cat rats. Hogs, fowU, and turtle, however, fcem to be only occafional dainties, refervcd for perfons of rank. Their food is dreflcd by baking, As at Otahcitc i and they make, from dif- ferent forts of fruit, feveral diflics, which arc very good. They fometimcs boil their fifli in the green leaves of the plantain-trcc, which fervc as a bae to hold both fi(h and water : having tied them up, they wrap them again in three or four other leaves, and place them upon liones heated for the purpofe : when fufliciently done, they not only cat the fi(h, but drink the liquor or foup. They are not very cleanly either in their cookery, or their meals, or manner of eating. Their ufual drink is water, or cocoa-nut milk, the kava being only their morning beverage. The food that is fervcd up to the chiefs is generally laid upon plantain-leaves. The king, at his meals, was commonly attended upon by three or four of the natives, one of whom cut large pieces of the fi(h, or of the joint ; another afterwards divided it into mouthfuls, and the red (Vood by the cocoa-nuts, and whatever elfe he might happen to want. We never faw a large company fit down tu a fociabic meal, by eating from the fame di(1i. The women are not ex- cluded from taking their daily repall in company with the men ; but there are ccruin ranks that are not al- lowed cither to eat or drink together. This di companicd with the mufic of their flutes. The dances both of the men and women, are performed with an cafe and grace not caiily to be defcribed. We could not dctermme with precifion, whether their marriages were rendered durable by any kind of folemn contradt : it is certain, however, that the major part of the people con- tented themfelves with one wife. The chiefs, indeed, have commonly feveral women, though there was only one (as we thought) who was confidered in the light of miftrcfs of the family, a circumflance remarked among all nations where concubinage and polygamy were allow- ed. Though female charity fcemed to be held in little cAlmation, not a fingle breach of conjugal Rdelity happened, to our knowledge, during the whole time of our continuance at thefe iflands ; nor were the un- married women of rank more liberal of their favours : but numbers were of a difl^erent charaifler ; yet moft, if not all of them, of the lowed clafs of people ; and fuch of thofe who permitted familiarities to our crews, ' were proftitutes by profcllion. The concern (hewn by thefe iflanders for the dead, is a ftrong proof of their humanity. Befides the Tooge, of which mention has been made before, and burnt circles, and fears, they ftrike a fliark's tooth into their ■ heads, till the blood flows plentifully, beat their teeth with doncs, and thrud fpcars not only through their cheeks into their mouths, but alfo into the inner part of their thighs, and into their fides ; fo that, to ufc a com- mon cxpreflion, their mourning may be faid to be not in words but deeds. And fuch a rigorous difcipline mud, one would think, require an uncommon degree ofaffcdion, or the moft grofs fuperdition, to exadl. It is highly probable the lad has a fharc in itj for many could not have any knowledge of the perfoh for whom their concern was cxprelFcd. Wc faw the peo- of Tongataboo deploring the death of a chief at Vivaoo ; and other fimilar indances occurred during our day. ■ 'ihc more painful operations, however, are pradliced only when they mourn the death of thofe moft nearly connedcd with th'm. When a pcrfon dies, he is wrapped up in mats, or cloth, or both, and then in. terred. The Fiatookas feem to be appropriated to the chiefs, and other pcrfons of didindion, but inferior people have no particular fpot fet apart for their burial, It is uncertain what mourning ceremonies follow the general one; but wc are well alTured of there being others which continue a long time ; the funeral of Ma. reewagee's wife was attended with ceremonies of five days duration. Thefe people feem to confidcr death as a great evil, to avert which they have a verv fingular cudom. when Captain Cook, during his former voyage, vifited thefe iflands, he c^ferved that many of the natives had one or both of their little fingers cut off. of the reafon of which mutilation he could not then obtain a fatisfadory account. But he was now in. formed, that they performed this operation when they are afflided with fome dangerous diforder. which they imagine nwy bring them to the grave. They fiippofc, that the little finger will be accepted of by the deity, as a kind of propitiatory facrifice, fufTiciently efficacious to procure their recovery. In cutting it oft, they make ufe of a done hatchet. - Wc faw fcarcely one perfbn in ten who was not thus mutilated ; and thry fometimcs cut fo clofc, as to encroach upon that bone of the hand which joins the amputated finger. It is alfo common for the lower clafs of people to cut off a joint of their little finger, on account of the ficknefs of the chiefs to whom they refpedively belong. When this rigid l^rid- ncfs with which they perform their mourning and re ligious ceremonies is confidered, it might be cxpedfd, that they endeavoured thereby to fccure to themfelves eternal happinefs ; but their principal objed regards things merely temporal s for they have apparently little conception of future puniftiment for Ims com- mitted in the prefcnt life. They believe, however, that they meet with juft punifhment in,. the prefcnc date I and, therefore, put every method in practice to render their divinities propitious. They admit a plura- lity of deities, all of them inferior to Kallafootonga, who, they fay, is a fcnule, and the fupreme authorcfi of nature, reliding above, and direding the wind, rain, thunder. &c. 'Hte^r are of opinion that when the ii much difpleafed with them, the produdions of the earth are bladed, many things confumcd by lightning, and themfelves afflicted witn ficknefs and death; but that when her anger abates, every thing is immediately redored to its former date. Among their fubordinatc deities, they mention Futtafaihe, or Footafooa, who has the adminidration of the lea, and its produdions; Too- fooa-booiootoo, god of the clouds ana fogs ; Tallcteboo, Mattaba, Tareeava, and others. The fame fyftein of principles does not extend all over the Friendly Iflands; the fupreme deity of Hapaee, for indance, being called Alo AIo. They entertain very abfurd opinions relative to the power and various attributes of 'their gods, who, they fuppofc, have no further concern with them after death. They have, however, jufter fentimcnts refpcc- ting the immortality of the foul, which they call life, the living principle, or an Otooa, that is a divinity. They imagine that, immediately after death, the fouls of their chiefs are feparated from their bodies, and go to a delightful region called Boolootoo, the god of which is diled Gooleho, by whom they probably pcr- fbnify death. His country, according to their mytho- l(wy, is the general repofitory of the dead : and they who are once conveyed thither die no more, and feall on all the favourite produdions of their native foil, with which this blifsful abode is fuppofed by them to be plentifully fumidled. The fouls of thofe in the lowed rank of the people arc faid to fuft'er a kind of tranfmi- gration ; or are eaten up, they think, by a bird, called Laota, which walks over the graves with that intent. They do not worfhip anv vifible part of the creation, or any thing made with their own hands : nor do they make anyoflferings of dogs,hogs,and fruit (as is the cul- tomat Ouheite).unlers emblematically : but there is no reafon to doubt of their ofTering up human facrifices. Their Fiatookas, or Morals, are, in general, burying- grounds * COOK'j THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 477 grounds and pUcci of worfliip : foine of them, however, appeared to be appropriated only to the forfner pur- pole ; but thefe wercfniall, and very inferior to the reft. We are acquainted only with the general outlines of their government. A (ubordination, refcmbling the feudal fyftem ofouranceAors in Europe, ii eftabliftied among them ; but of its fubdivilions, and the confti- tucnt parts, we are ignorant. By fomc of the nativei we were informed, that the king's power is unlimited, and th.-it he has the ahfolute di^fal of the lives and properties of his fubjeds ; j^et the few circumftances that fell under our obfervation, contradiifted, rather than connrmcd, the idea of a dcfpotic fway. Marce> wagee, Feenou.and Old Toobou, ad>cd each the part of a petty fovereign, and .not unfrequcntly counteraded themeafuresofthe king. Nor was the court of Pou- laho fupcrior in fplcndur to thufe of Old Toobou and Marecwagee, who, next to his maiefty, were the moft potent chiefs in thefc iflands } and after the m Fcenou appeared to (land highcft in rank and authority. But, however independent on the king the principal men may be, the inferior people are totally fubjeift to the will of the chiefs to whom they fevcrally belong. The illand of Tongataboo is divided into numerous dif- tritfb, each of which has its peculiar chief, who dif- tributes julUce, and derides difuutes within his own territory. Moft of thefc chieftains have cflates in other iflands, whence they procure fupplics. The king, at dated times, receives the produdions of his didant domains, at Tongataboo, which is not only the ufual place of his refidence, but the abode of moft perfons of diftiniftion among thefc iflands. Its in> habitants call it frequently the Land of Chiefs, and Higmatize the fubordinate ifles with the appellation of Lands of Servants. The chiefs are ftyica by the Sople Lords of the Earth, and alfo of the fun and y. The royal family aflume the name of Futtafaihc, from the god diftinguiihed by that title, who is pro- bably conlidcrcd by them as their tutelary patron. The king's peculiar title is (imply Tooe Tonga. The order and decorum obferved in his prefcnce, and like- wife in that of the other chiefs, are truly admirable. Whenever he (its down, all the attendants feat them- fclvcs before him, forming a femi.circle, and leaving a fuflicicnt fpace between them and him, into which no one, unlefs he has particular bufincTs, prefumcs to enter; nor is any one fuflYred to (it, or pafs behind him, or even near him, without his permifTion. When a perfon wi(he8 to fpeak to hb maiefty, he comes for- ward, and having feated himfelf before him, delivers in a few words what he has to fay t then, after b:ing favoured with an anfwcr, retires. If the king fpczks to any one, the latter gives an anfwcr from nis fear, unlets he is to receive an order; in which cafe he rifcs from his place, and feats himfelf crofs-legged. Captain King has affirmed, that this pofturc is pecu- liar to the men, for the females, that gentleman fays, always fit with both their legs thrown a little on one fide. To fpeatc to the king ftanding would here be confidcred as a glaring mark of rudenefs. None of the moft civilized nations have ever exceeded thefe itianders in the great order and regularity maintained on every occafion, in ready and fubmiflive compliance with the commands of their fupcriors, aiid in the perfcd harmony that fubflfts among all nmks. Siich a behaviour manifefts itfelf in a remarkable manner, whenever their chiefs harangue a body of them aflcm- blcd together, which frequently happens. The greateft attention and moft profound (ilcncc arcobferved during the harangue t and whatever might be the purport of the oration, we never faw a fingic inftancIc of his fout^ which he taps or touches, with the upper and under fide (if Me nngers of each hand; then riling up, he rctirt-i* We had reafon to think, that his rriaicfty cannot re ife any one who is dc-lirous of paying him this hontag", called by the natives moe moca ; for th^ people would frequently think proper to fliew liiiji the(c marks of fubmilllon when he wai walking ; and> on luch occilions, he was obliged to ftop, and hold up one of hi* (eet behind him, till they had performed this refpedful ceremony. "Tliis, to fo corpulent ana unweildy a man as Poulaho, muft have been trouble- Tome und painful ; and we have feen him fometimes endeavour, by running, to get out of the way, or to reach k convenient place for (itting dou n. The handst after having been thus applied, become in fomc cafesj ufelefs a fliort time ; for till thefc are waflied, they muft not touch food of any kind. This prohibition, in a country, where water is far from being plcnuful, woiilj be attended with an inconvcnienccj if a piicc of any juicy plant, which they can immediately procurcj being rijbbed over the hands, did not fcjvc tor the purpofc of purification. When thus cirnmifiancedi they term their fituation taboo rcma j the ("orincr word generally (ignifying forbidden, and the laittck- implying hand. When the taboo is incurred, by ttoinjr honiagq to a perfon of rank, it may thus be eafily w:i!lici ofi'j but m feveral other cafes, it niuft coniiiuie for a ccr« tain period. Wc have often fccn women, who have been taboo rema, fed by others. The inrr>-di ;led per- fon, after the limited time is elapfed, waflics herfelf in one of their baths, which arc, in general, dirty ponds of brackith water. She then waits upon the king, and, after having paid the cuftomary obeifance, takes hold of his foot, which ftic applies to her (liouldcrs, brepft, and other parts; he then embraces her on both fliouKiers, and flie immediately retires, purified from her imdcan- ncfs. If it be always neceflar)' to have rccourfe to his majcfty for this purpofe (of which wc arc not certain, though Omiah afTured us it was) it may be one rcafoil for his travelling very frequently from one ifland to another. The word taboo, as wc have before obferved, has a very extenfive fignification. They call human facrilices, Tangata taboq; and when any particular thing is prohibited to be eaten, or made ufe of, they fay it is taboo. Wc were told by them, that if the king Uiould go into a houfe belonging to one of his fubjffts, that houfe would become talxx), and could never be again inhabited by the owner of it; fothat; wherever his majefty travels, there ate lioufes peculiarly adigned for his accommodation. At this time Old Toobou prcfided over the taboo ; that is, if Oniiah did not mifundcrftand thofe who gave him the intelligence, he.and his deputies, had thcinfpedionof all ihcproduce of the ifland, taking care that each individual fliould cultivate and plant his quota.and directing what ftiould andwhatftiouldnotbceaten. Byfo prudent a regulation, they takeefledual precautionsagainll a famine ; fufUcient ground is employed in railing provifionn; and every article is fecurcd from unnccefFary ronfumption. B/ another good regulation, an officer of rank is appointed to fuperintend the police. This department was adj miniftercd, while we continued among them, by Fcenou, whofc bufincfs (as wc were informed) it was, to punifli all delinquents : he was alfo gencralilTtmo, o^ commander in chief of the forces of the iflarids. Poulaho himfelf declared to us, that, if he Ihould be- come a bad man, Fcenou would dethrone, and kill him ; by which he doubtlefs meant, that, if hcnegleded the duties of his high ftation, or governed in a mantvr that would prove prejudicial to the public welfare, Fce- nou weuld be dclired by the other chiefs, or by the colledive body of the people, to depofc him from the fuprem* command, and put him to death. A kinir. thus fubjcd to controul and punifhment for athife of power, cannot jUftly be deemed A dcfpotic priacc." When wc take into confideration the number of iflandi of which this ftatc cont^fts, and the dijlaoce^ of which * ^ fonw 478 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. fomc of them arc removed ftwJn the feat of novcm- ment, attempts to throw off the yoke of l\ibj»fli«n might be apprehended. But they informed us, that this circumftancc never happens. One reafon of their not being thus embroiled in domeftic commotions may be this; that all the principal chiefs take up their refi- dence at Tongataboo. They alfo fecure tnc depend- ence of the other iflcs, by the decifive celerity ot their operations : for if a fcditious and popular man (hould ftart up in any of theip, Fccnou, or whoever 'happens to holahis officei is immediately difpatched thither to f>Uthimtodeath| by which means they cxtinguifh an nfurreition While it is yet in embryo. The diffeitnt dafles of their chiefs Teemed to be nearly as numerous as amons us; but theri arc few, comparatively fpeakingt that are fords of extenfive diRrids of territory. It in faid, that when a perfon of property dies, alf his pof- felTions devolve on the ibvcreisn i but that it is cufto- mary to give them to the eldc(t fbn of the deceafedt with this condition annexed, that he fliould provide, out of th^ftate, for the other children. The crown Is hereditary ; and we know, from a particular* circum- tiance, that the Futtafapies, of which family is Poulaho, have reigned, in a diredl Pine, for the fpace of at lead one hundred and thirty five years, which have cUpfed between our prefcnt vilit to thefc iflands, and TaHnan's difcovery of them. Upon our inquiring, whether any (raditional account of the arrival of Tafman's (hips had been preferved among them, till this time, we found, that the hiftory had been delivered down to them with great accuracy: for they faid, that his two (hips refcnibled ours ; and alfo mentioned the place where they had lain at anchor; their having continued but a few days ; and their quitting that (Nation to go to An- namooka; and, for the purpofe of informing us how long ago this affair had happened, they communicated to us tnc name of the Futtalaihc who reigned at that time, and thofe whofucceeded him in the fovcreigntydownto Poulaho, who is the (ifth monarch lince that period, k might be imagined, that the prefcnt reigning fovercign of the Friendly Ifles had the hi^clt rank in his domi- nions: but we found it othcrwifc; for Latoolibooloo, whom we have already noticed, and three ladies of rank, are fupcrior in fome refpeds to Poulaho himfelf. Thefc great perfonages, arediningui(hed by the title of 'I"am- maha, which denotes a chief. When we made enquiry concerning them, we were informed that the late king, iiither of Poulaho, left behind him a (ifter of equal rank, and older than himfelf; that, by a native of Fee- jee, (he had a fon and two daughters; and that thefc three perfons, as well as their mother, are of higher rank than the king. The mother, and one of her daugh- tcu, named Tooccla-kaipa, rcfidc at Vavaoo : the other daughter, called Moungoula-kaipa, and Latoolibooloo, the fon, dwell at Tongataboo. Moungoula-kaipa, is the lady of quality whom we mentioned as having dined with Captain Cook on the 3 1 II of June. Latoolibooloo is thought by his countrymen to be out of his fcnfes. At Middlcburgh, they (liewcd us a condderabic quan- tity of land, faid to be his property; and, at the fame place, we faw a fon of his, a child, who was honoured with the fame refpcd, title, and homage as his father : and the natives much humoured and careffed this little Tammaha. The language of thefc iflands bears a great refem- blancc to that of Otahcite, as will appear from the following fmall colledhon of words, which we have endeavoured to make as corred as polTible. A TABLE, containing a Ihort fpecimen of the lan- guage of the Friendly Islands, with correfponding words of the fame fignification, as ufed in Otaheite. ■^- Friendly Isles Otaheite English Koomoo Ooma The Beard Wakka Evaa A Boat w Cam Oole Ere Mack Aho Aou The Dawn . Tareeng* Tareca The Ear X Eafoi Fahbi Taheine Toonca A Vaoxoa Eniroo The Fonooa Fenooa Tao Tao A Tangata Taata A Motooa Madooa A Ooha Eooa Goola Ooraoora Elaa Eraa The Mohc Moc Toot Toutouorteou A Tahee Taee The Fatoore Patcere Elelo Erero The Amou Mou Horo Horoee Matangee Mataee The Avy Evy Vefainc WahCinc A Kohaeea Yahacca Mafanna Ou Mahanitt WOM Koe Oc Ai Ai Kaee Aee Ongnfoordo Ahooroo Etoo Atoo Tangee Taee Eky Ey Fire dirl Hair • Land Laiuc or fptiit Man Parent Rain Red Sun Sleep Servant, or one s/ mean rank Sea Thunder Tongue To bold f aft To wipe, orckmfe mnd fFater H-onuiH tf^bat is that f IVam / i'oa ret No Ten To rife iiD To Ihed iu... To eat We muft here obferve, that vocabularies of thii kind cannot be entirely free from erron. Thcfe will unavoidably fpringup from various caufes. It will be difficult to fix the objed of enquiry, when the concep- tions of thofe from whom we are to learn the words, fo widely differ from our owni nor could much be ob. tained from a preceptor who knew very few words of any lancuage that his pupil was converfant with: but,' what led us frequently into millakes, was, the inipodi. bility of catching the true found of a word, to which our ears had never been acculVomcd, from perfons, whofe pronunciation fecmed to us, in general, h in. diAind, that two of us writing down tnc fame word from the fame mouth, made ufe, not only of different vowels, but even different confonants, the founds of which are leaft liable to ambiguity. Bcfides, from the natives endeavouring to imitate us, or from our having mifunderOood them, we were led into (Irange corrup- tions of words: thus, for example; chccto, though to- tally different from the real word, in the language of Tongataboo, was always ufed by us to exprefs n thief. Ihis midakc took its rife from one, into which wc had fallen, when at New Zealand. For though the word that fignifies thief there, is the very fame in the Friendly Iflands (being Kaeehaa at both places) yet by fomc blunder wc had ufed the word tcete, firft at New Zealand, and afterwards at Tongataboo; the nativei whereof, endeavouring to imitate us as nearly as they could, fabricated the word cheeto ; and this, by a conu plication of miftakcs, was adopted by us as our own. The language of the Friendly Iflands hears a flrik. ing refemblancc to that of new Zealand, of Otaheite, and all the Society Ifles. Many of their words arc alfo the fame with thofe ufed by the inhabitants of Cocos Ifland, as may be fecn by confulting a vocabu- lary made there by Lc Mairc and Schoutcn. .\nd yet, though Tafman's people ufed the words of that voca* bulary, in fpeakir^ to the natives of Tongataboo, (his Amltcrdam) wc arc told, in the accounts of his voy. age, that they did not underftand one another: a cir- cumihncc wonhy of notice; as it (hews how cautious we ought to be, upon the fcanty evidence afforded by fuch tranfient vi(its as Tafnun's, and we may fay, as thofe of mo(t of the fubfequent navigators of the Pa> cific Ocean, to found any argument about the affinity, or want of aiiinity, of the languages of different iflands. No perfon will venture to fay now, that a Cocos man, and one of Tongataboo, could not underfland each 4 other. t OOK's THIRD and LAST VOYAGK— To the PACli'lC OCEAN, 6cc. 479 other. Some ot' the words at Horn llland. another of Schouten'i dircoverici, arc alfo a part of the language of Tongataboo. The pronunciation of the natives of the Friendly Idn differs, indeed, in many indanccs, from that both of Otahcite and New Zealand; neverchelefa a great number of words, are either very little changed, or exsii^ly the fame. The language fpokcn by the Friendly Idanders, is fufficiently copious to cxprcfs all their ideas i and,befides being harmonious in common converfation, iicadly adapted to thepurpofcs of mudc, of which we lud many proofs. As tar as we could judge, from our fliort intercourfe with the natives, its component parts arc not numerous t and in fome of its rules it agrees with other known languages: indeed it has none of the infletftions of nounsand verbs, as in the L.atin tongue; bat we could difccrn e.nfily the fcvcral degrees of com- parifon. Among hundreds of words wc uereablcto collei^i wc found terms to cxprefs numbers as far as a hundred thoufand, beyond which they cither would not, or could not reckon: for having got thus far, they commonly ufed a word exprelfmg an indefinite number. At thefe illands the tides nre more confiderable, than at any other of Captain Ccxik's difroverics in this- a'can,that are fituatea within cither of the tropics. In (he channels between the illands, it flows near tide and half tide; and it is only here and in a few places near the (horcs, that the tide is {perceptible ; fo that we could gucfs only at the quarter from w hence the flood comes. In the road of Aiinamooka it ftts W. S. W. ami the ebb the contrary, but it falls into the harliour of Ton- gataboo from the N. W. pallb through the two guts on each fide of Hoolaiva, where il runs rapidly, and then fpends itfelf in the Lagoon. The ebb returns the fame way with rather griatcr lorcc. The N. W. tide, at the entrance of the Lagoon, is met by one I rem ^ the li. but this wc found to be very inconfidcrablc. At Annaniooka it is high water near fix o'clock, on the full and chancre of the moon; and the tide rifcs and falls about lix f et, upon a perpendicular. In the har- bour of Tongataboo the tide rifcs and falls four feet three quarters on the full and change days, and three feet and a half at the quadratures. During our (lay here we had fcvcral favourable op> portunitics of making aOronomical and nautical obfcr- vationsi whereby wc afcertaincd the difTerencc of lon- gitude between Annamooka and Tongataboo with more cxaftnefs than was done in Captain Cook's fecond voy- age. The latitude of the former is 20 dca.' 1 5 min. S. and its longitude i8( deg. 11 min. 18 Ice. E. The obfcrvatory was placed on the weft fide of thi« ifland : and near the middle of the north fide of the 'ifland of Tongataboo, the latitudeof which,according to the mod accurate ubfervations, we found to be 21 dcg. 8 min. i a fee. S. and its longitude 184 dcg. 55 min. 18 fee. h. Having now concluded our remarks on the Friendly Idands, and the natives, wc fliail take a final leave of them, and refumc in the next chapter, the profccution of the hiflory of our voyage. ,._.,•,., St-J- CHAP. VII. ?-^i ne Rffolutm and Difinery direil thrir Ceurfefor Olaheite and the Society Ijks — Heavy Squalls and Urging Jl'cnibcr— AnEclipfeoJ the Moon ohfervcd— They diftmier the Ijland of Toobouat—lts Siluittwn, Exiui:, avd Produce — A Dc- ftription of the Per/ons, Dre/s, and Canoes, 0/ ibe Inhabitanls—The nvoShips titrtve in Obeitepea Harkur at Otaheile— Omiab's Reception — His imprudent Condufl—-An Account of fwo Spamjb Ships, which bad liL-ice vijiled the Ijland Great Demand for red Featbers — Captain Cook vifits a Chief, faid by Oiniab to be the Olla, or God of Balahola — Account (f a HoufeereHed htbe Spaniards — Infcriptions — The Captain's Jnteri'ie^v'tiib H^abeiadooa — Dfcnption of a Toopa- paoo—An Enthufiaji—Tbe Ships anchor in Mafavai Bay — Inletxiew with Otto, King of Otaheile — Omiab's impru- dent Bebaviour — Animals landed, and Occupations on Shore— V (/it from a Native who bad been at Lima — Particulars relating to Oedidee — // Rebellion in Eimeo — A Council of Chiefs called, •:d'o declare for H'ar — A human Sacrifice rffered for Ibe Succefsof t'oeir Arms-- An Account of the Ceremonies at the great Moral, and Ibe Behaviour of the Natives-—' Other particular Oifioms among the OlabeileaHS. .'»«.' j* \\ ON Thurfday, the 17th of July, when ftecring for our intended port, the body of Faoo, at eight o'clock in the evening, bore N. E. by N. diftant three leagues. The wind blew a frefh gale at caft ; and w c flood with it to the fouth, till after lix o'clock the next mnrning, when, in latitude 22 deg. '24 min. S. a fudden fquall took our (hips aback, and before they could be (rimmed on the other tack, the main-fail and top-gal- lant fails were much torn. On the 1 91 h, the wind kept between the S. W. and S. E. and the next A^y veered to the E. N. E. and N. In the night between the 20th and 21 ft an eclipfe of the moon was obfervcd, when we found our (hip to be in latitude 22 dcg. j7 min. 30 fee. and in longitude 186 dcg. 57 min. 30 (cc. Wc con- tinued to ftretch to the E. S. E. without meeting with any thing remarkable till Tuefday the 29th, when, in latitude 28 dcg. 6 min S. and in longitude 189. deg. 23 min. E. the weather became tcmpcftuous, and a fudden fauall carried away the main-top, and top-gallant-maft of the Difcovery. She had alio her jib carried away, and her main-fail fplit. It is aftonifliing to fee with what fpirit and alacrity Englilh failors exert thcmfclves on fucn occBflons. Amidft a ftorm, when it would have been almoft impoflible for a landfman to have truftcd himfelf upon deck, the failors mounted aloft, and with incredible rapidity cleared away the wreck, by which they preferved the (hip. Nothing equal to ihisdifafter had happened to the Difcovery in the courfe of her voyage. Nor did the Refolution efcape the fury of th» Rbrml We were, at this time, under fin- gte reefed 'top-lkils, courfes, and ftay-faiis. Two of thclattcr were almoftdcmolifticd, and it was with the utmoft difficulty that wc favcd the other fails. The fquall being over, wc faw fcvcral lights moving on board the Difcovery ; whence we concluded that (ome- thing had given way. ^Both wind and weather conti- nued very unfcttlcd till' noon, when the latter cleared up, and the former fettled in the N. W. quarter. This day wc were vifitcd by fome pintado birds, which were the firft we had feen fince we left land. At noon, of the 31ft, Captain Gierke made a fignal to fpeak with us; and by the return of our boat we were informed, that the head of the Difcovery's main-maft had fprung in fuch a manner, as to render the rigging of another top mart exceeding dangerous; that having loft his top-gallant-yaril, he had not ano- ther on board, nor j (par to make one. we therclbrc fcnt him our fprit-fail top-fail-yard, which fupplicd this want for the prefcnt ; *nd the next day, by getting up a jury-top-maft, on which wasfeta mizcn-rop-fail, the Difcovcrp was enabled to keep way with the Refo- lution. On Friday, the ift of Auguft, the Difcovery's com* pany celebrated the annivcrfary of their departure from England, having been juft one year abfcnt. The men were indulged with a double allowance of grog, and they forgot in the jollity of their cans, the hardfhipa to which they had been cxpofcd in the lare ftorm. VVc ftccred E. N. E. and N. E. without meeting with any rcnurkable occurrence till Friday the 8th, when, at eleven o'clock, the man at the maft-head called out land, which we obferved bearing N. N. E. nine or ten leagues 480 apt. c o o K'l V O Y A Iraguri iliilant. At fird It appeartd like fcparate iflandii but ai we approAchcd, we found it wai con* i1e(flcd, forming one and the fame idand. We made dircdly for it, with a fine gale, and at fcven o'clock, P. M. it extended from N. by U. toN. N. E. diftant four Icasuei. On the 9th, at day break, we (leered for the N. W. or lee Ikie of the ifland 1 and at we ftood found its S. W. pan, we faw it guarded by a reef of coral-rock, extending in Tome puces, at lead, a mile from che Urtd, and a high furf breaking over it. At we drew near, we faw people walking or running along fhore, on fcveral parti of the coaft, and, in a flwrt time after, when we had reached the lee fldc of the ifland, we faw two canoct, wherein were about a dozen men, who paddled towards ut. In order to give thefe ca- noct time to come up with us, at well at to found for anchorage, we (hortcncd fail { and, at the diftance of half a mile from the reef, we found from 40 to 3 ^ fa- thoms water. Ihe canoes having advanced within piftol-ftiot of the (hips, fuddenly topped. We dclircd Omiah, u wu ufual on fuch nccadona, to endeavour ta prevail upon them to come nearer 1 but none of hit arguments cotild induce them to truft themfelves within our reach. They oTtrn pointed eagerly to ihe (hore wirh their paddles ; at the fame time calling to us to go thither; and many of the people on the beach held up foiiicthing white in their hanas, which we cnnftrucd as an invitation for us to land. VVe could eaflly have ac- compliflied this, there being good anchorage without the reef, and an opening in it, through which the ca- noes had p-UTed : but it was not thought prudent to rit1\ the advantage of a fair wind, in order to examine an ifland that to us at prefent aji^ci^red to be ol little con- fequcnce. Wc required iv> rcfrctlnncntt. if uc had been certain of meeting with thun there, and therefore, after having made fcveral unrucerlslul attempts, to prevail upon the iflanders to come alonir fule, we made fail to the north and left ihcni; having tirll learned that the name of their iflami was Tooboiiai. It was a new difcovcry, fiiuate in 23 dcg. 25 min. S. latitude, and 3iodrg. 37 min. V.. lungitiide. A gentleman on board theDifcovcry fay-; the inen appeared of the largert itature. and tattowed from head to foet; their language dilTcreni from any wc were yet acquainted with; their drefs not unlike that of the Amllerdammcrs; their com- plexion darker ; their heads ornamented with flielli, fea- thers, and riowers; and their canoes neatly conftruded and elegantly carved. Of their manners we could form little or no judgement. They appeared extremely ti- mid ; but, by their waving green bought, and exhibit- ing other figns of peace, they gave us reafon to believe that they were friendly. They exchanged fome fmali filh and cocoa nuts for nails and MicUleburgh cloth. in our approach to Toobouai. fome of our gentlemen, on board the Refolution, made the few following re- narks. The greateft extent of this ifland, in any diretflion, is not above live or fix miles : but the above gentleman, belonging to the Difcovery, fays, " Its created length is about twelve miles, and its breadth about four." Small, however, as it appeared to us, there arc hills in it of a contiderable elevation ; at the foot of which is a narrow border of iUt land, extending almoll all round it; bordered with a white fand beach, except a few focky cliffs in one part, with patches of trees inter- Iperfcd to their fummits. Thi. ifland, as we were in- ^lormed by the men in the canoes, is plentifully (locked 'with hogs and fowls; and produces the fevcral kinds of fruits and trees that are to be mefwith in this neigh- bourhood. We difcovered alfo.that the inhabitants of Toobouai fpeak the language of Otaheitc; an indubit- able proof that ihey arc of the fame nation. Thofe whom wc, on board the Re(blution, faw, were a flout copper coloured people; fome of whom wore their hair (which waslhaight and black) flowing about the flioulders, and others had it tied in a bunch on the cown of the head. Their faces were roundilh and /Ull, but the features Hat ; and their countenance! expre(rcd a degree of natural ferocity. Their covering wa« a picc« of narrow iluft' wrapped round the waifl, and < II OES COMPLETE. and pairing between the thighi; but fome of thofc whom we beheld upon the beach, were complrtclr clothed in white. Some of our vifltort, inthc canois, hai thcirnecki oriumented with pearl-fliells; and otic of them continued blowing afSrgc conch-fliell, to which a reed, of about two feet long, was fixed. He bewn in a long tone, without an^ variation, and aftcruirdi converted it into a kind of'^mu(ical inflrunfient. Whc. ther the blowing of the conch was with any particular view, or what it portended, we cannot fay, but we never found it to be the meflcnger of peace. As to their la. noet.they appeared to be about thirty feet Iong,andthfy rofe about two feet above the furface of the water, ai they floated. The (bre-paitprojedled a little; the'af. ter-part rofe to the heicht of two or three feet, with a gradual curve, and, like the upper part of tlic fidci, was carved all over. The rcll of the (ides were orn^! mented with flat white fliellscuriouflydifpofed. There were eight men in one of the canoes, and fcvcn in the other. They were conduced with fmall pmidlci, whofe blades werealmoflcinular; and they fointtimei paddled with the two oppntlte fides fo clofc together that they appeared to be but one boat; the roacrs or.! cifionally turning their faces to the ftcrn, and pnHinir towards it without turning the canoes round, Seeing we were dcterm ned to leave them, they flood up, ,in3 repeated fomcthing loud ; but we knew not whether they were cxjirrfling huflilc intentions, or fricnjiliip. It is ttrtain, however, th.nt they had nor any weapons with thiin J nor cotild we with our glalfes diftovcr that ihofeon fliore were nrmed. ' Leaving this illaiul, wc proceeded, with an r/y breeze, to the north, and on '1 uefday the ijih, ;i; ,■ i l>rcak, we came in light of the idand of \1 , r ,. .StMm aui r the man at the mift-hcad called out ' 1 !* which proved to be the ifland of Otaheitc, of «l, i we were in fearch : the point of Otaitc Peha, or Oheit. . peha Bay, bearing weft, four Icagties dillant. Ki, this bay we fleered, intending to and - 'hire, in onUr to procure fome refrcflimcnts from the S. li. part ot the ifland, before we failed to Matavai, where weevncacd ourprincipalfuppIy.We had a lk*ftigale till two oV; vk P. M. when at about a league from the bay, the wind fuddenly died away. About two hours after, we had fudden fquallt, with rain, from the eaft; fo that, .iftcr having in vain attempted to gain the anchoriii,^ place, we were obliged to ftand out. and fpcnd the nipht at fca. As we approached the ifland, wc were attended by fcveral canoes, each containing two or three n»en; but being of the lower clafs. Omiah took no particular notice of them, nor they of him. They did not know that he was one of their countrymen, though they had converfcd w ith him for fome time. At length a rhict, whom Captain Cook had known before, named Ootee] and Omiah't brother-in-law, who happened to be u. this lime, at thit corner of the ifland, and three or four others, all of whom knew Omiah. before he em- barked with Captain l-urneaux, came on board: yet there was nothing in the leaft tender or ftriking in their meeting, but on the contrary, a perfed indifference on both fides, till Omiah, conduding hit brother into the cabin, opened a drawer, and gave him a few red fca. thert: thit circumftance being foon communicated to the reft of the nativct on deck, Ootee, who before would hardly fpeak to him, now be^ed. that they might be Tayoi (friendt) and exchange names. Omiah readily .accepted of the honour, and a prefent of red feathers ratified the agreement. By way of return, Ootee fent afliore fora hog. It waa evident, hovfcver, to all of ut prefent, that it was not the man, but his Eroperty, thatthev cfteemed. Had he not difplayed is treafureof red feathers, a commodity of great cfti- mation in the ifland, Jt it a matter of doubt whtthtr they would have beRowed a fingle co.oa-nut upon him. Such wat Or»>;-»t': firft reception among his countrymen ; and though we did not exped it would b^otherwife, yctftill wc hoptd, that the valuable flock of prcfeots, with which he had beeq poflelfed by the liberality of hit friendt in England, would be the cer- tain meant of raifing him into confequence, among the firft hofc fteir .ha4 icof hich CKJU irdi 'he. ulac ever r iM. thfjr r. ai |e if. ith a idci, rn». here n the Idlei, Itiinei thcr, s Oi: illing ■ceiMff i, ,111(1 ictlier Kliip. i|)oaii over, c^Cy "Ki '^- <--^^;Uv. 'm COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE-uTo the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 481 firft perfons of rank throughout the Society Iflands. This, indeed, muft have been the cafe; had he con- duifled himfelf with any degree of prudence ; but he paid little attention to the repeated advice of his bed friends, and laid himfelf open to every impofition. Through his means we were informed by the natives who came off to us, that fince Captdin Cook lad vifited this ifland in 1 774, two (bips had been twic6 in this b»y, and had left animals there, rofcmbling thofc we had on board: but on a minute enquiry into particu- lars, we found them to confift only of hogs, dogs, goats, a bull, and the male of another animal, which they fo hrperfedly defcribcd, that we could not conjedlurc what it was. Thcfe fliips, they faid, had come from a place, called Rmma, which we fuppofed to be Lima, the capital of Peru, and that thefe late vifitors were confcqucntly Spanianls. They alfo told us, that the firft time they arrived, they built ahoufc, and left be- hind them two priefts, a boy or fcrvant, and a fourth ^rfon, whom they called Matcema, much fpokcn of at this time; taking away with them, when they failed, four of the natives : that about ten months afterwards, the fame (hips returned, bringing back only two of the natives, the other two having died at Lima ; and that, after a Ihort ftay, they took away the people they had left, but that the houfe they had eredcd was now ftand- ing. On Wcdncfday, the 13th, we were fiirroundcd with an incredible number of canoes, crowded with people, who brought with them plenty of hogs and fruit : for the agreeable news of red feathers being on board the t*o fliips, had been propagated by Omiah and his friends. A quantity of feathers, which might be taken from the body of a tom-tir, would, early in the morn- ing, have purchalcd a hog of forty or fifty pounds weight: hut as the whole (hips crew were {Mflcilcd of fiime of this precious article of trade, it dccreafed above five hundred per cent, in its value, in a few houts : however, the balance, even then, was in our favourcon- fidcrably; and red feathers ftill preferved a fuperiority Over every other commodity. Some of the natives would not difpofc of a hog, without receiving an axe in exchange; as to nails, beads, and many other trin- kets, which during our former voyages, were held in high elWmation at this ifland, they were now fo much dcfpifcd, that few would even deign to look at them. Having had little wind all this morning, it was nine o'clock before we ( ould get into the bay, where we moored with two bowers. Soon after Omiah's (ifter v^me on board, to congratulate him on his arrival. It was pleUi'ig to obferve, that, to the honour of both of thtfe iclations, their meetimj was marked with the expreir»on» oi' the tendered afftdtion, more eafily con- ceived than dcfcribed. When th's al "(.x^ing fccnc was clofcd, and the (hip pro[)erly mooii;d, (Jmiah attended Captain Cook on (lore. The (.la plain's firlt vifit was paid to a perfonage, whom Omiah icpreftnted as a very extraordinary one indeed, nothing; kfs, as he aflirmcd, than the God Bo- labola. They found him featcd under one of thofe avnings, which lire ufually carried in their larger ca- noes. He was old, and had fo far loll the ufc of his limbs, that he was carried from place to place upon a hand barrow. By fome he was called Olla, or Orra, which is the name of the God of Bolabola; but his real name was Ktary. From Omiah's extraordinary accouut of this man, it was expedlcd to have feen re- ligious adoration paid to him ; but very little w as ob- fervcd that diHiiiguilhed him from other chiefs. Omiah prcfented to him a tuft of red fe;m the cocoa-nuts. He added, neverthelefs, that he would leave the determination entirely to their own choice. This propofat did not remain a moment under con- fideration, and our commander had the fatisfapcarcd confpicuous antong other ornamenti, which probably had been received as a prefent from the Spaniards. This cloth, and foine taLfTels of fca. thcrs, fuggcfted to our ecnclemen the idea of a chapel 1 and their imagination tuppUed whatever elfe was want- ing to create a refemblance : hearing that the Spaniards had vifued this place might alfo operate on their minds upon this occafion, and .ndd to the probability of its being a chapel. Some finall offerings of fruits and roots feemed to be made daily at this fhrine, feveral Eieccs being now ficfh. Thefe were depofited on a ind of altar, which flood without the paUifades t within which we were not permitted to enter. Two men conflantty attend here, both night and day, as well to watch over the place, as to drefs and undrcfs the Toopapoo.. When we came to view it, the ck>th and its appendages were tolled up; but at the captain's requefl, the two attendants placed it in order, but not till after they had drefTed themfelves in white robei. The <:hief, we were infornud, had been dead about 30 months. On Friday the isd. in the morning; the live flock were taken oti board, and w- Drrr»>r:J for Tea. The next day» while the ihips were unmooring. Omiah* Captain Cook, and other gentlemen, landed, in order to take leave of the young chief. While we were converfing with him, one of thofc perfons they csll Eatooas, nom • perfuafion that they pofTefs the fpirit of the divinity, prcfented himfelf before us. Hehad all the appearance of infanity : and his only covering was a quantity of plantain leaves wrapped round his waifl. He uttered what he had to fay in a low fqucf''* ing voice, (oas hardly to be underftood: but Omiah Aid •duce it now, opportunity ds. But he iintrymen. to :d to carry it a, to be for- royal maro. I, he ihould highly dif- comequence g any reward letic on thii ed. kept the koo about a nugnificcnt ct ornamenti, I prefent from taiflels of fca. :a of a chapel I clfc was want> t the Spaniard* on their mindi obability of its » of fruits and (brine, fevcral depofited on a he palliiades t J enter. Two ht and day, as fg and undrefs !w it, the cloth at the captain'* » order, but not n white robe*. ;en dead about \.'i''<% i^\ \V '-n-- ! :.'it!i >;f ' \- M'>ih *<■.. . :r^i V.V m p ilr: m. ♦' . Gft^ '^f.' '"* f: f -rt* 'iV »► ,»ji., ''\i- % r4'H;.^'. '■W-* Si*^ ^is»'' i iSi •' .) :l«ti -«'n.i«» 3. >!**■ WI A II: .;».•„• A' .-; >■ if-v '% — I'. ■f. ...-iiVV' ■^f!. ■*'■ -^-^ i^'.i> •'f\v ,-**> -«*• ^vM^^^^,;^,i-'4'i^-'''r •-■ if>»* 'i\ , tipfc.* t . ^« .1. «T* !k ■■■■• Vc^ ^■:#"' i*. A . iW;'/^ Jh-^it. ■^ rf^ S' . ii-^&ii Jim.*?- ^^ j% ^:*''.ufe .-. w -ji-fc; t^,-' » . 1/ vo-^*. ^^ ,H* 1)^ lV---*! :**< r>' -a y-. IV, 'ii^' ■M-: *• ■i%l. I'l I I i-ii tm # ^f »aii^ «»-:..-.. .-«-^v^^- >• i.'^ i^ ■vf^T- li^'^L >' tr i>» *■■" ....v.^. .■^■•rA^- ^ .^w.\5;jit; ■>■',.'' ■ ■ :"' •■ ■'•ft M.J i' ■"•> ''^^ ;!;V ."-,-. .' * ^J. •?T . V»*».:. ■« V 'w ♦"^l ^i;..,,t.;^;j^^.;i44*»- • - +?■'"< "•^-" ■*-i>» , **™v ,-. '- ■ i;'; . :-.-nf M,. ■ T,. "■■■ Ui;;.^i iliV*; U*;*!' ';V^j' .,■^,^-' ' ' **i^rta,- • ■ . >ji ,. ,.:■;;.-»•'■■'•••■■>■■ *>". -Siij' ■1, ti»:.rf( ■*,., '•■ :■, • W'iJfeVi '' • . , ••. 1 \. ■ : ■ .■•■A'-'' .■ ■.»■ , ^', U"t '*• • c ■ ?» ,- ' ^ ■ ••t 1 1' 9 I ,' ' ' ' . '^;:' , ; ■>■■■ . ■'■■-' ■ 'm, #-.' • r .•'!:« ..." ^ •'^.. , 'Js»v 1 1' f. . .,,.-M'-*'' ^' w COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOjAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 483 J«* ^ *J* ... V. .* >.»■*.• ; '■'V', J;^-^. , ;.. • ■ ^aid he perfcdlly comprehended him, and that he was adviiing young Waheiadooa not to accompany Cap- tain Cook to Matavai, an expedition we did not know he intended, nor had the captain ever made fuch a propoial to him. The Eatooa alfopredidtcd, that the ihips would not arrive that day at Matavai. In this, however, he was miftaken, though appearances, we confefs, favoured his aflertion, as, at the time, there was not a fingic breath of wind in any dircdlion. While he was delivering his prophecy, a heavy (howcr of rain Mine on, which occafioned all to run for (belter, ex- cept himfelf, who atfccled to dcfpifc it. He continued fqucaking about half an hour, and then retired. Little attention was paid to what he uttered; and fome of the natives laughed at him. The captain afked the chief whether the enthufiaft was an Earee, or a Tow-tow ; he anfwercd, that he was a bad man: and yet, notwith- ftanding this reply, and the little notice taken of the mad prophet, fuperftition fo far governs the natives, that they abfolutcly believe fuch perfons to be filled with the fpirit of the Eatooa. Omiah fcemcd to be well inftnu'kd concerning them. He faid, that, during the fits, with which they are fcized, they know not any perfon, and that if any one of the infpired natives is a man of property, he will then give away every moveable he poircircs, if his friends do not put them eiit of his reach ; and, when he recovers, he (ecms not to have the leaft remembrance of what he had done during the time the frenzy, or fit, was upon him. We now returned on board, and foon after, a light breeze fpringing up at caft, we got under fail, and the fame evening anchored in Matavai Bay; but the Difcovcry did not get in till the next morning ; confequcntly the man's prophecy was half fulfilled. In a journal be- longing to one on board the Difcovcry, we find this account of her fctting fail, and arrival at Matavai. «" On the 23d, about nine o'clock, A. M. we weighed, anil fiiled, accompanied with feveral canoes, though the wind blew a (rorm, and we failed under doub^- ivefed top-fails. In the evening the Refolution took her old llatiun in Matavai Bay ; but the wind fudden- ly (hifting, and the breeze coming full from the land, we were driven three leagues to the leeward of the bay, hy which we were reduced to the necelHty of working all night to windward, amidft thunder, lightning, and rain, and among reefs of coral rocks, on which we every moment expcfted to peridi. Wc burnt falfe lirci, and fired feveral guns of diftrcfs ; but no nnfwer from the Refolution, nor could wc fee any objcft to direft us, during this perilous night. In the morning of the ?4th, the weather cleared up, and we could fee the Refolution about three leagues to the windward of us, when a (liift of wind happening in our fa- vour, we took advantage of it, and by twelve at noon were fnfcly moored within a cable's length of the Re- folution." It is impoffible to give an adequate idea of the joy, which the natives expreflfed on our arrival. The (horcs every where refounded with the name of Cook : not a child that could lifp Toote was filcnt. The manner whereby thefe people cxprefs ther joy is fo dif- ferent from our fenfations, that were wc to fee perfons ftabbing thcmfclves with fliarks teeth, till their bodies were liefmcarcd with blood, we (hould think they were Kierced with the mod frantic defpair, and that it would calmoft impoffible to alTuage their grief; whereas, beating their oreafts, tearing their hair, and wounding their heads and their bodies, are the moft fignificant figns of their gladnefs to fee their friends. But, at the 6me time, they arc ready to overwhelm you with kind- nefs, and would give you, for the moment, all they have in the worlpT, yet the very next hour, they will eravc all back again, and, like children, teazc you for every thing you have got. In the morning of this da)r being Sunday the 24th, Otoo, the king of the whole ifland, accompanied by a great number of the natives, in their canoes, came from Oparree, his place of refidence, and having landed on Matavai point, fent a meiTcnger on board, intimatinghis defirc to fee Capuin Cook there. The captain accord- II injly went adiorc, attended by Omiah, and fome of the utnccii. We found a vad multitude of people anim- bled on this occafion, in the midd of whom was the king, with his father, his two brothers, and three fiders. The captain faluted him, and was followed by Omiah, who kneeled and embraced his legs. Though Omiah had prepared himfelf for this ceremony, by drelTlng himfelf in his bed apparel, and behaved with great rcfpeft and modedy, yet very little notice was taken of him. He made the king a prefent of two yards of gold cloth, and a large tatrd of red feathers ; and the captain gave him a gold laced hat, ai fuit of fine linen, fome tools, a quantity of red feathers, and one of the bonnets worn at the Friendly Iflands. This vifit being over, the king, and all the royal tiimilyj accompanied Captain Cook on board, followed by five- ral canoes, plentifully laden with all kinds of provi- fions. Each family owned a part, fo that the cuptuin had a prefent from everyone of them ; and cat h re- ceived from him a feparatc prefent in return. Not long after, the king's mother came on board, bring-, ing with her fome provifions and cloth, which iLa divided between the captain and Omiah. Th'>uKh tha latter was but little noticed at fird by his countrymen, they no fooner gained information of his wealth, than they begs?' to court his friendfliip. Captain Cook ' encouraged this as far as lay in his power, btin^ dc- firous of fixing him with Otoo. Intending to Uavo all our European animals at this illaiid, we thought Omiah would be able to give the natives fome in- dru£lion with regard to their ufe and management, and the captain was convinced, that the farther he was removed from his native ifland, the more he would b« refpefled. But unfortunately, Omiah rcjcftcd his advice, and behaved in fo imprudent a manner, that he foon loft the friendlhip of Otoo, and of all the mod confiderable people at Otaheitc. He alTociated with none but vagabonds and ftrangers, whofe fole intention was to plunder him; and if wc had not interfered, they would not have left him a fingle article of any va- lue. This condud drew u;;jn him the ill will of the principal chiefs ; who found that they could not obtain, from any one in either (liip, fuch valuable prefcnts as were bedowed by Omiah on the lowed of the natives. After dinner, a party of us accompanied Otoo to Opar- ree, taking with us fome poultry, confiding of a peacock and hen, a turky cock and hen, three geefe and a gan- der, one duck and a drake. All thefe we left at Oparree, in the pofTcnion of Otoo ; and the geefe and ducks be- gan to breed before we failed. We found there 4 gander, that Captain Wallis had given to Obcrea ten years before ; wc alfo met with feveral goats, and the Spanilh bull, a fine animal of his kind, whom they kept tied to a tree, near the habitation of Otoo. He now belonged to Etary, and had been conveyed from Oheitepeha, to this place, in order to be lliippcd for Bolabola. On Monday the 25th, wc fent to this bull, the three cows wc had on board; alfo ourEngliih bull; but the horfc, marc, and dieep, were put alhore at Matavai. Having thus difpofed of thefe animals, we were now, to our great fatisfadion, eafed of the ex- traordinary trouble and vexation that had attended the bringing this living cargo to fuch a diftance. We mail here, for the entertainment of our readers, give an account of the reception the fliips met with, on their arrival at this ifland, together with fome other particulars, and tranfadions, all which we have taken from an original manufcript, fent us by a gentleman, on board the Difcovcry. A few hours after wc were moored in the bay of Otaite Peha, Omiah took an air- ing on horfeback, to the great aftonifliment of the in» habitants, many hundreds of whom followed him with loud acclamations. Omiah, to excite their admiration the more, was drelTed cap-a-pee in a fuit of armour, and was mounted and caparifbned with his fword and pike, like St. George going to kill the dragon, whom he very nearly rcprefcnted ; only that Omiah had pidols in his holders, of which the bold faint knew not the ufe. Omiah, however, made good ufe of his arms ; for when the crowd became clamorous and troublefome, he ■k 1,11 «* ;■*•, 4«4 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPL E T E. hcl'virv nowand thenpullcd oiita pilloli and lireii it iiinonjT thcni, whiih never iiiiled to fend them fcampcr- ing away. The Ihips were no fooncr fcciifcd, than the Tailors bcn;in (Jrippinp; them of every foot of rigging they had left ; for certainly no (hips were ill A more Ihattcrcil coniiitioil. Our voyage from New Zealand, if not froih the Cape, might bt faid to be one contitiucd fcricn of tcjnpclhious weather, fufpcndcd only by a few inter- vals of funlhinc; and the employiiicnt df dur Artificers at fea and on (bore, a laborious exertion of their fa- culties to keep us aliovc water. Here it was not only necelfary to flrip the main-mall of the DifcoTerys but to take it out, and carry it on fliorc, to be properly fc- cured. 'I'his was a work of no fmall dilKculty. I Icrc too wc found it ncccflary to unlbipour rtorcs of every kind; to air and repack our powder j new bake that part of the bread that had contradcil any dampncfs; to crciit the forge on fliore; in Ihort to fct all hands at vork to relit the Ihip for the further profecution of the voyage. .\ meflTcngcr was difpatchcd from Captain Cook to king Otoo, to acquaint him with our arrival, and to delire his pcrmifllon to fend the cattle he had brought from England, tofccd in the paduresof Oparrec. I'lie kmg expreiftd his joy on the return of Captain Cook, and readily gave his confent. He, at the fame time, ordered one of his principal ofliccrs to accom|iarry the iiicilengcr, in his return, and to take with him (irefcnt'S of tVefli pmvifions for the commanders of both lliips, and to invite them to dine with him the next ilay. This invitation was accepted, and it was ngreet.1 between the twoCaptains, that their vilit Ihould l>c made with as much Hate as their prefcnt circumllances would admit. The inarincs and mufic were therefore onlcred to be in rcadinefsat an appointed hour, and all the rowers to b« clean drclled. Wc were now in Matavai harbour; and, on the 25th, alK)ut noon, the commanders, with the principal oflicers, and gentlemen, embarked on |)oard the pinnaces, which, on this occafion, were decked in all the magnificence that lilken flreamers, embroidered enfigns, and othtr gorgeous ilecorations, could difplay. Omiah, to furprizc the more, was cloathcd in a Captain's uniform, and could hardly be dilhnguiflied from a Britiih officer. From Matavai to Oparrce is alxiut fix miles; and we arrived at the land- ing-place at one o'clock, where we were received by the marines already under arms; and as foon as the company were difcinbarkcd, the whole band of mufic flruck up a grand military march, and the protellion began. The road from the beach to the entrance of the palace (about half a mile) was lined on both fides with natives from all parts, expcding to fee Omiah on horfeback, as the account of his appearance on the other fide of the ifland, as before related, had already reached the in! '.)itants on this. As he appeared to them in difguue, he was not known; they were not, however, wholly difappointcd, as the grandeur of the proceflion exceeded every thing of the kind they had everfccn. The whole court were likewifc alFembled, and the king, w ith his lilfcrs, on the approiich of Cap- liiin Cook, came forth to meet him. \i he was per- fectly known to them, their firft falutaiions were frank and friendly, according to the known c iftoms of the Otahciicans; and when thefc were over, proper at- tention was paid to every gentleman ;n company, and that too with a politcnefs, quite uncxpedcd to thofe who had never before been on this ifland. As foon as the company had entered the palace, and were fcatcd, fome difcourfc pafled between the king and Captain Cook; after which, Omiah was prcfcmcd to his ma- jelly, and paid him the ufual homage of a fubjedt to a fovcrcign of that country, which conlifis of little more than being uncovered before him, and theii en- tered into a familiar converfation on the fubjtol of his travels. The Earecs, or kings of this country, are not above difcourfing with the mcancft of their fubjcds; but Omiah, by being a favourite qf the I'jirees of the lliips, was now confidcred as a pcrfon of fomc rank. The king, impasient to hear his ftory, aiked him a hun- .. f- ... dred queflions, before hcgave him time to anfuer one. He enquired about the li;irce-da-hai, or (Jreai Kingot Pietanne; hii place of refidencc; his court; his at- tendants; his warriors; his Ihips of war; his morn. the extent of hiapoireirtons; &c. Omiah did not tali to magr,:'.- the grandeur of the (Jrcat King. } le ropn - ientcd the fplendour of his court, by the brilli.uu) of the liars in the firmament; the extent ot his donii. nions, by the vail cxpanfc of heaven; the greatiK Is ()t' his power, by the thunder that lliakc.t the earth. H^; faid, the Great King of Pretanne had three huiulral thoufand warrio every day at his command, cloathcd like thofe who now attended the Earecs of the (liips; Snd more than double that number of fiiilors, whotri- verfed the globe, from the rifing of the fun to his fit- ting; that his fliips of war exceeded thofe at Mata\:ii in magnitude. In the fame projxirtion, as thofe cxcceikj the fmall canoes at Oparree. His majclly appeared all altoniihment, and coulil not help interrupting him. He alked, if what he faid was true where the (Irrac King could find people to luvigsuc fo many lliips as covered the ocean? and if he could Iwve nien, wluri; he could find provilions forfolargca multitude? Unu.ili allured him, that in one city only, on the banks ol a river, far removed from the fea, there were more peo- ple, than were contained in the whole group ofiilaiula with which hi» majelly was acqtuiiucd ; that the conn.* try was full of large populous cities ; ninwithlhiiuliMi^ whic h provilions were lb plentiful, thnt lor a hw piec cs of fellow metal, like thofe of whii li he lisd Inn many, (meaning ilie medals given by C.iptain Cook lo the chiefs) the (Jreai King could purch.ileas iiiiich pro- vilions as would maintain a failor tor a whole \e;ir. Ihat in the couiuiy of the CJre.it King, there are more than a hundred diHercnt kinilsof lour tooted aniin.iU, from the fi/e of a rat, to that of a (lagc erected r that part of our voyage which rtill remained to lie perlbrmed. This day a piece of ground was cleared (bra garden, and planted with fe* veral articles, very few of which will, probably, be looked alter by the natives. Sonic potatoes, inclons, and pine-apple plants, w . re in a fair way of fucceeding before wc quitted the place. We had brought from the I'ricndly Illands fcveral fhaddock trees, which we planted here; and they will in all probability fucceed, unlefs their growth (liould be checked by the fame idle ciiriofity which dcftroyed a vine planted at Ohcitc- leha by the Spaniards. Many of the natives alFem- to tafte the fird fruit it produced ; but the grapes being (Hll four, they confidcred it as little better than poifon, and trod it under foot. In that ftate Omiah accidentally found it, and w as rejoiced at the difcovcry ; for he was confident, that if he had but grapes, he could calily make wine. Accordingly, he had fcveral flips cut olffrom the tree, with an intention of carrying them away with him; and wc pruned, and put in order, the remains of it. Before »ve had been two days at an- chor in Matavai Bay, wc were vilited by all our old fricntls, whole names arc mentioned in the narrative of Captain Cook's former voyage. Not one of them tame with emjity hands; fo that we had an amazing quantity of provilions, without any apprehcnlions of exlwuHing the ifland, which prefentcd to our eyes every mark of the moll exuberant fertility and abund- C' ancc. Soon after wc had arrived here, one of the iflandcrs, whom the Spaniards had carried with them to Lima, paid uiavilit: but, in his exterior appear, ance, he was not diftinguiftiable from the reft of thj countrymen. He ftill renjcmbered fome Spanifti words, among which the moft frequent were Si Saimr. Wc alio found here the young man whom wc had called Oedidcc, but whofe real name is Hcete-hecte. Cap, tain Cook had carried him from Ulictea, on board hij flup, in i77;j, and broupht him back in the year fol- lowing, after he had vihted the Friendly Illands, New- Zealand, Eafter Illand, and the Marqucfas. He had ■come from Bolabola, of which he was a native, to Ota- heite, about three months before, probably with the fole view of gratifying his curiolity. He preferred the modes, and even drefs of his countrymen to ours ; Ibi though Captain Cook gave him fome clothes, which our Board of Admiralty had thought proper to fend (or his ufe, he, after a few days, declined wearing tlicm. This inllance, as well as that of the pcrfon who had ken at Lima, may be adduced as a proof of the ftron^ in. clination of mankind, in general, to habits acquired at an early age; and it is, perhaps, no unrcafonalile fup- polition, that even Omiah, who had imbibed alniolhhe whole linglilh manner.", w ill, in a ftiort time alter be- ing left by us, return, like Oedidce, and the vilitor of Lima, to his own native garments, and his orij^inal mode of life. On Wedncfday, the 27th, wc were informcil by :i man wh()C:imc fromOheitepeha, that two Spanilli (hips had anchored in that bay the preceding night; and, to ci>ntirm this intelligence, he produced Ibmc coarfe hli;c (lot!', .iiich, he laid, he had got out of one of the Ihips. I Ic further faid, that Matcema was with the people, and that the two (Inps would be at Matavai in two or three days. Thcfe, and fome other circumllances, which he mentioned, gave the llory fo much the appearance ol truth, that our Commodore tlifpatched Lieutenant Williamfon in a boat, to look intoOheitepeha bay; and, in iIk- mean rime, both ihips were put into a proper poUure of defence: f9r tlioiigh ICngland and Spain were at peace when we left Kngland, we did not know but that a ditlereiit fccnc might, by this time, have been opened. Upon enquiry, however, wc had reafon to imagine, that the relator of the Itory had impofedupon us J and this was put beyond all doubt, when Mr. Wil- liamfon leturned the day following, who made his re- port, that he had been at Oheitepeha, and did not find any Ihips there, ivir had any been there lincc we left it. The people of this part of the illand, where wc were Rationed, tokl us indeed at firll, that it was a fiction, invented by thofe of Tiaraboo, but with what view it was propagated among our people, we could not con- ceive, unlefs they might fiippofe, that the report would induce us to quit the illanti, and thus deprive the inha- bitants of Otahcite-nooc of the advantages they iiivdit otherwife reap from our fliips remaining thc-c; the na- tives of the two parts of the illand being inveterate ene- inics to each other. Since we arrived at Matavai, the weather had been very unfcttled till the lyth, on ac- count of which, before this time wc were unable to jrct equal altitudes of thefun, forafccrtaining the gom^rof the time-keeper. In the evening of this day, the idanders made a precipitate retreat, both from our land ftation, and from on board the ihips. Wc conjei - tured that thisaiofe from their knowing fome theft had been committed, amJ apprehending punillimcnt on that .account. .'\t length we becanjc acquainted with the whole affair. One of the fuigeon'j mates had niailc an cxcurlion into the country, to purchafe curiolitics, and had taken with him four hatchets for the purpofc of exchange. He having iKcn fo imprudent as to em- ploy a native to carry them, the fellow took an oppoi- tunity of running olf with fo valuable a [>rizc. 1 hi-; was the reafon of the fudden (light, in which Otoo himfelf, and all his family, had joined j and it was with difficulty that the Captain Hopped them, after having followed them for the fpace of two or three miles. As the Captain had determined to take no harlli niea- fuics for the recpvcry of tlic hatchets, that his people lor 'V'. ;». > t ft -*-. ■ ; (•''it f.)' *K^i. fit i.' yii^. '^: •>m vr^>l •.,,/ ' t r-'jfr %. » W: m •V4 A-„, T "" *;<*■- .^, •iif ,-_. ■♦«■; •iM; -„ «. L S[.^ ^■- .'.^„ wVv"R ' ■ t H%, .|»,. k' ^■ '•^m<. ;»«.*;<}' -4' ¥■ 4;*i- ■*' i«^^;tLl^hf t«» •,s;<^ i»J:. :'»■ •" .1 :4.- iiijl* COOK'S THIRD anti LAST VOYAGE— To tlie PACIFK OCEAN, &c. 487 for the fiiliirc inifjht he more upon their Ruard ngainft iiich negliKincc, iviry thing refumcci quickly ita former tranquility, Saturilay the '?oth, fonie TTiefTcnger!! nrrivcil from F.inwowith intclir^enrc, that the people of that ill.ind were in arms i ami that Otoo'n partizan* there had been compelled hy the oppolitr party to retriMt to the mountain.s. The i]iiarifl lH-rwrpn the two iilands, which befran in 1774, had partly liibliUcd ever finoe. A formidable armameiu had lailid (0011 alter Captain Ciwk left Otaheite, in his former voyafjc; but the jnalccontents of l-.imto had made fo gallant a retif- t«nce,that the Htet had nturncd without I'm cefn j ami now another expedition was dcciiicil neccirtry. On the arrival of the mflFenf^crs, the chiefs airenil)led a. Otoo'ii houfe, where the captain ai'trtally wui at iliat lime, and had the honour ot being adnnt'cJ into their council. One of the mcflcngera opened the Imlincfs with a fpeech of confiderable length, the purport ol which was to explain the fituation of aliair.s ai Kiineo, and to cxiitc the (^ralie.teans to arm on theoitalion Thii opinion wa.s opiwfcd by others, who wi re aga nil commencing hoftilitics j and the debate, for iome tmn', wai carried on with great order and deroruni. A; length, however, the whole alfeiiilily lieiaine virv tumultuous, and the captain began to think, that then meeting would loiulude like a I'olilh ilict. Dut tl e tontending chiefs looled as tall uh they grew warm, and order was fpeedilv reHoied. In rhc- end, the pait for war |iievailed| and it was rel()lved, thoug'' 10 linanimoully, that a llrong force Ihoiild be feiu to fiimeo. (Jeoo faid very liitle, during iho whole I'e bite. 'I'hofe of theeoiiiuil in'lin:i')le 10 w.ir, apple 10 our commodore lor his aHiitanic; an I ,.11 t'l iImh were deliroui of knowing what part fe would i hc Cmiah was fent for to aiit as hi', niterpreter ; but .t h> (Ould not be liiund, the captain, bemg under a nt- el- fity of (peaking for himfelf, told them, as well as hi- (Wuld, that, as he was not peifeiftly a. iiiiainiid with the dilputp, and as the natives of I-'inuo had nr%' r given him the leall oifence, he could not think of en- gaging in hollil ties againll them. With" this dei la- latioii they either were, or appeared to be fati'.fud. The council was now diffolvcu i but before the ( aptain retired, Otoo defircd him to come again i'l the niter- noon, and bring Omiah with him. A prrt;, ■-/■ us ac- wrdingly waited upon him at the appointed time; and he condu.'led us to his father, in whole prclencc tl e difpute with the natives of Eimeo was again difcuniil. Captain Cook being very deflrous of eltei'ling an ai- commodation, founiUd the old chief on that fubjeci; but he was deaf to any fuch propolil, and fully deter- mined to carry on holiilities. On our enquiring intotle taufe of the war, we were informed, that feveral years ago, a brother of Wahciadooa, ofTiaraboo, was lent to Kimco, at the dtfire of Maheine, a popul.ir chief of that ifland, to be their kiijg; but had not been theic many days, before Maheine, having caufed him to be put to death, fet up for himfelf, in oppofition to '1 ieia- talioonooe, nephew of the dcceafed, who now became the lawful heir, or perhaps had been appointed by the people of Otaheite, to fucceed to the government on the de.ith of the other. Towha, who is related to Otoo, and chief of the diftriifl ofTettaha, and who had been Commander in chief of the armament fent againll Eimeo in 1774, happened not to be at Matavai at this time, and therefore was not prefent at the confultai ions. Itappeared, however, that he was no llranger to what had happened, and that he entered into the tranfactions with great oagernefs and fpirit: for on the rumour of a war, it was computed, that near 3CX3 canoes were muftered in Matavai Bay, with llages to each, w hireon fat from three to fix chiefs in their warlike drellls ; which feemed calculated for fliew rather than ufe in battle. On their heads were large, turbans wound round in many folds; overthat a monllrous helmit; and on their bodies, inftcad of the light airy drefs worn in common, they were incumbered by many ganiients <}f their own cloth, which added indeed to their flaturc, but whicH mud difublc chcm to exert their llrciigth in I the day of battle. Meil of fertile iiniginafion, fond of tracing the analosy of antient cufloms, among the dif> fcrent nations of the world, might |)oHU)ly difcover fomc limilarity between thefc cumbrous drcirei, and thofc ol the knights of antient chiv.ilry, who fought in ar- mour. It is certain that the Otaheitean who fights on loot muH feel the fame incumbrance from hi.s heavy war-drefy, as the antient knight, who fought on horfe- bick muft have don-:, from his unweildly armour 1 and there is no doubt but the former will, one time or other, be laid alide in the tropical ifles, as much as the latter is now in every other nart of the world. On Monday the ift of September, a melTenger ar- rived from 'low ha, to acquaint Otoo, that he had killed .1 man to be facriiiccd to the I'^tooa, with the view of imploring the adillancc of the deity againlt Eimeo. This folcrtin ol>lation was to be offered at the great Morii, at Attahooroo, and Otoo's piefcnre was nei :ef- fary on the occafion. That fuch kind of facrifices con- llitute a part of the religious ceremonies of the Ota- heiteans, ha-', been allertcd by Monf. Bougainville, on the tcltimoay ot the native whom he took to I'Vance. In our lall vilit to Otaheite, we had fitisfied ourfelves, that I'lich a practice, however inconlillent with the general humanity of the people, was here adopted. Hut tliia was one of thofc um onimoii fa^ts, concerning file truth ol wliiilimany will not be convinced, unlcis Uii' rclitor himlilf has had o'ular |5roof to liipport lis airertioii ; fiir this n-alon, Ciptam Cook requelled •t O'oo, tli.it he might be allowed to accompany him, ivl, bv bemg iiieicnt at the foleinnity, might obtain the Innhtll evidence of its certainty. To this the king re. 1 illy allenteil, ami we imineditely fct out in the ciptam's boar, accompanied by our oM friend Poiatoa, vli-. .\n,lerl'on and Mr. Webber; Omiah following us n Ivs canoe. We landed in our way, on a fmall illand, V ng olf 'lettaha, where we found I'o^ha and his at- . eiuiants. After a little coiiverfation between the two hiei's, on the fuhiect of the war, I'owha addrefled n.m'eir to the capi.ain, foliciting his aHiihuice. When he latter exciilcd hiinfelt", ToAha feemed difplcafed, ihinking it rat'ncr extraordinary, that one who had ■ onllantly ikdared himfelf ihe friend of their ifland, ihoiild now reliill- to liuht againll its enemies. Be- fore we (cparateil. Tow ha gave to Otoo two or three red feathers, tivd up in a tuft, and a hnlf-rtarved dog was put into a canoe that was to accompany us. Our (arty now reinibaikeii, taking with us a {jriell, wh» was to alTilt at the olleriii),: of the hum.m facrifice. AlKiiit two o'clock, we landed at Attahooroo, when Otoo dellred that the failois might be ordered to con- tinue ill ihe boat ; ami that Cafitain Cook, Mr. Ander- f'on, and Mr. Webber, would take oil" their hats as loon aa they lliould come to the Moral. To this we im- mediately proceeded, followed by numbers of men, and foine boys; but not one woman was prefent. We found four pneds with their alfillants waiting for iis; and on our arrival the ceremonies commenced. The dead body or facrilice was in a I'mall canoe, that lay on the beach, fronting the Moral. Two of the priefts, with feveral of their attendants, were fitting by the canoe that lay on the beach ; the others at the Moral. Our company flopped at thc-dirtance of twenty or thirty paces from the priefts. Here Otoo placed him- felf; our gentlemen, and a few others, ftanding by- him, while the bulk of the people were removed at a greater dillancc. One of the afliltants of the priefts now brought a young plantain tree, and laid it down- before the king. Another approached, bearing a fmall tuft of red fleathers, twilted oi fome fibres of the cocoa-nut hufk, with which he touched one of Otoo's feet, and afterwards retired with" it to his coinpanions. One of the priefts who were feated at the Moral, now began a long prayer, and, at particular times, fent down young plantain trees, which were placed upon the facrifice. During this prayer, one of the natives, who flood by the ofliciating prieft, held in his hands two bimdles, in one of which, as we afterwards found, was the royal maro; and the other, if wc maybe allowed the cxprclTion, was the ark of the Eatooa. The prayer bein^r 488 Capt. COOK '8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. being finifhed, the priefts at the Morai, with their affif- tants, went and fat down by thofc who were upon the beach, carryine the two bundles with them. They here renewed their prayers ; during which the plantain trees were talven, one by one, at various times, from off the dead body, which, being wrapped up in cocoa- Ictves and fmall branches, was now taicen out of the canoe, nnd laid upon the beach. The prieils placed theml''lves round it ; fomc itanding, and others fitting; smd cnc.or more of them, repeated fcntences for about ten minutes. The body was now (Gripped of the leaves and branches, and placed parallel with the fca-ihore. Then one of the priefts Handing at the feet of the corpfe, pronounced a long prayer, in which he was joined occafionally by others, each of them holding a tuft of red feathers in his hand. While this prayer was repeating, fomc hair was pulled off the head of the in- tended facrifice, and the left eye was taken out j both which being wrapped up in a green leaf, were prcfcnted to the king, who, however, did not touch them, but gave to the man who brought them to him, the tuft of red feathers which he had received from Towha. This, with the eye and hair, were taken to the pricfYs. Not long after this the king fcnt them another bunch of feathers. In the courfc of this laft ceremony, a king- firtier making a noife, Otoo, turning to Captain Cook, faid, " That is the Eatooa;" and he fecmed to con- fider it as a favourable prognortic. The corpfe was then carried a little way, and laid under a tree, ncav which were fixed three thin pieces of wood neatly carved. The bundles of cloth were placed on a part ©f the Morai ; and the tufts of red feathers were laid at the feet of the dead body, round which the priefts Rationed themfilvcs ; and we were at this time per- niitted to go as near as we plcafcd. He, who fcemcd to Ho the chief pricft, fpoke for about a quarter of an hour, with different tone; and gtftiircs ; fometimes ap- pearing to expoftulatc With the dcccafc.l ; at other times, afking fcveral qiiciUons j *hcn niakiii};; various dcnian'ls, as if the dead pel ("on had power hinikif, or intercft with the deity, to cngapehim to •!;rant fuch requcfls; among which, he dclired hitn n deliver Eimeo, Ma- heinc its chief, the women, hogs, and other things of the illand into their hands ; which was, indeed, the ex- prefs object of the facrifice. He then prayed near half an hour, in a whining tone, and two other priells joined in the jirayer, in the courfe of which one of them plucked Ibmc more hair from the head of the corpfe, and put it upon one of the bundles. The high prieft now prayed alone, holding in hii hand the fea- thers he had received from Towha. Having finifhed, he gave them to another prieft, wno prayed in like manner : then all the tufts of feathers were placed upon the bundles of cloth, which concluded the cerc- wnooy at this place. The I'ead body was now carried to the naofV con- ^icuous part of the Morai, with the feathers, and the two bundles of cloth, while the drums beat flowly. The feathers and bundles were laid againft a pile of (\oncs, and the boily at the foot of .hem. The priefls having again (bated thcmfelves round the corpfe, renewed their prayers, while fome of their afliftants dug a hole about the depth of two feet, into which they threw thcvidtim, and covered it over with ftones of earth. While they were depoliting the body in the grave, a boy fqueaked aloud, upon which Omiah told the captain, it was the tatf)oa. In the mean time, a fire having been made, we faw a lean half ftarvcd dog produced, and it was killed by twifting his neck. The hair was then finged off, and the entrails being taken out, they were thrown into the fire, and left there to be confumcd ; but the kidney, heart, and liver, were baked on heated (tones. The carcafe, after having been rubbed over with thcblood of the animal, were with the liver, &c. laid down before the priells, who were featcd round the grave, praying. They, for fome time, uttered ejaculations over the dog, w hile two men, at intervals, beat very loud on two drums ; an'' a boy fcreamcd, in a loud (hrill voice, three times. This, they faid, was to invite the Eatooa to fcaft on the banquet that they had provided foi^him. When the priefts had finiflied their prayers, the body, heart, liver, &c. of the dog, were placed on a whatta' or fcatfold, about fix feet in height, on which lay thd remains of two other dogs, and of two pigs, that had been lately offered up. The priefts and their atten- dants now gave a fhout, and this proclaimed the cere- monies ended for the prefent. The evening being arrived, we were condudtcd to a houfc belonging to Potatou, where we were entertained and lodged for the night. Having been informed, that the religious rites were to be renewed the next day, we would not quit the place while any thing remained to be fccn. Early in the morning of Tuefday the 2nd, we re- paired to the fcene of adion ; and foon afterwards a pig was facrificcd, and laid upon the fame fcatfold with the others. About eight, OtToo took our parrv to the Morai, where the priefts, and a great maltitudc of people were by this time alicmbled. The two bun- dles occupied the place where they had been dcpofited the preceding evening; the two drums were in tlic front of the Morai, and the priefts were ftatiqned be- yond them. The king placed himfelf between tht drums, and defired the captain to ftand by him. The ceremonv commenced with bringing a young plantain tree, and laying it at the king's tcct. A prayer was then /epented by the priefts, holding in their hands feveral tufts of red, and a plume of oftrich feathers; which the commodore had prefentcd to Otoo on his firft arrival. When the priefts had ended the prayer, they changed their ftation, and placed thcmfelves be- tween our gentlemen and the Morai. One of them, the fame who had performed the principal part the preceding day, began another prayer, which continued near half an hour. During this prayer, the tufts of red feathers were put, one by one, upon the ark of the luitooa. Not long after, four pigs were produced, one of wiiich was killed immediately, and the three others were taken to a neighlwuring fty. One of the bundles was now untied; and it contained the Maro, with which the Otaheiteans inveft their kings. When taken out of the cloth, it was fprcad on the ground, at full length, before the priefts. It is a girdle about 15 feet in length, and one foot and a quarter in breadth, and is probabl/ put on in the fame manner as the common Maro, or piece of cloth, ufcd by thefe iflandcrs to wrap round the waift. It was ornamented with yellow and red feathers ; but principally with the former. One end of it was bordered with eight pieces, about tiie fize and figure of a horfc-llioe, whole edges were fringed with black feathers : the other end was forked, havmg the points of various lengths. The feathcre were ranged in two rows, in fquare compartments, and produced a pleafing efted. They had been firft fixed upon fome of the cloth of the iftand, and then fewcd to the upper end of the pendant, which Captain Waliis had left fly- ing on the IhorCj the firft time of his arrival at Matavai The priefts pronounced a long prayer, relative to this ertof the ceremony; and after ii was ended, the dge of royalty was folded up with great care, and put into the cloth. The other bundle, which we have already naentioned. under the name of^he r rk, was next opened at one end ; but we were not permitted to ap- proach near enough to examine its myuerious contents. The' intelligence we obtained refpctfling itscontcntswas, that the Eatooa (or rather, what is fuppofed • •> reprcfeiit him) was concealed therein. Thi» iacrcd repofitory is compofedofthe twiftcd fibres of the hufk of the cocoa- nut, and its figure is nearly circular, with one end confi' derably thicker than the other. The pig that had been killed wa: by this time cleaned, and its nrtrails taken out. Thefe happened to have many of thofe convulfive motions, which frequently appear, iit different parts, when an animal is killed ; and this was confidcred as a very £fivourahlc omen to the intended expedition. After having been expofed for fomc time; the entrails were carried and laid down before the priefts; one of whom clofely infpcdted them, turning them for this purpofe gently with a ftick. Having been (ufficiently examined, they were thtvwn into the fire. The facri- ficcd pig, and its liver, heart, &c. were now put upoa COOK'S THIRD and LAST V'i/VAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 489 the (laiVoId where the dog had been ilcpofual j and tlun all the feathers, except the ollrit h olunic, be- in|r eni'lofed in the ark, an end was jmii to the whole foli'innity- Wc (hall clofc this account with a fiw other obfcr- Vations we made in the courle of thi^ inorniiit;. I'our double canoes remained upon the biarh the whole time, bcforethe place of facrilice. A fmall phitfoini, covered widi palm leaves, fadened in niyflcrious I-.iuits," was fixed on the fore pare of each of ihofe lanoes ; ami tl.is alfo is called a Morai. Some plantains, cocoa-nu;s, brc.id-fruit, filli, and other articles, liy upoi. each of ihofc naval morals. The natives faid, that tlicy be- lonjjcd to the Katooa, and that thev were to aiicnil ihe Hict iliat was to be fent out a^ainll I'-imco. The un- firuinate victim ollercd on this occalion, was to appear- ance, a middle aged man, anil one ofthelouili ilnis of the people ; but it diil not appear that tluy had li\cd upon him on account of his having committed iiny particular crime that defers -d death. It is icr- t.un, however, that they ufualU' fe'cd fiich guilty per- foiis for lacrificcs, or elfe vagahor-ds, who have no vili- hle way of procuring an hontfl livelihood. Having examined the body of the unhappy fulfercr, now olllred up to the objc^it of thcfe people's adoration, wc ob- firvcd, that it was bloody about the head, and much briiifcd upon the right ter.iple, whi.h dtnoied iI.l iii:\nner in which he had been killed; and we were informed, that he had been knocked on the head w iih a llonc. The wretches who are devoted on tlicfe 01 - calioMs, are never previoully appri/eii oftluir fate. Whenever any one of the principal chiefs conceives a human facrilice neceHary, on any great emergcncv, he fives upon the vidini, and then difpatches fome of his I- illy fcrvants, who fall upon him fuddeiily.and either floiie him to death, or beat out his brains with a club. 1 lie king is then acquainted with it, whof.- prelencc is fiid to be abfolutcly nccelliiiy at the folemn rites that follow; and, indeed, in the late performance, Otoo bore a capital part. The folemnity itfelf is called I'oore liiec, or the prayer of tiie chief: and the vi.tim is tinned Taata-taboo, or confecrated man. The Mor.ii, vhi re the late facrilice was olfered, isalwa\s apiiro- priattd for the burial of the king of the whole illaiid, and likewife of his family, and fome other perfons of iliitiiiguiflied rank. It dilllio little c\ccy^ in ex- li'iu, from the eonunon Morais. It^ princiiial part is a lar;^c oblong pile of llones,alx)uc thirteen feit in height, ,inil contracted towards the top, wiilia quaili in;:,u!ar area on each livle, loofely paved with pebbles, under which the bones of the chieis are depofited. Not l.ir from the end nearelt the lea, is tin- place of ficrilice, ulurc is a very large v.hatia, or fcatli)ld, on viliich the (ilV.niij^s of fruits, and other vegitables are plavcd; but the animals are laid on a linaller one, and tlie human ficrilices are interred under the pavement. We law ftvcr.il reliques liattered about the [ilacc; fiuh as fmall iKmci raifed in various parts of the pavement, fome witnbits of cloth lallened round them; otheis entirely covered with it; and ujxin the lide of the large pile, fronting the area, are a great numbi r of pieces ot earved wood, in which their gods are fujjpofed to relide oi < a- lioiially. Tht.e is a heap of (lones, at one end of the laige fealVold, with a fort of platform on one lule. On this are depoiited all the Ikulls of the human faci dices, which arc taken up alter they ha c remained under j^ioiind for limie months. Jult above them many of tile carved pieces of wDod are placed; and here tl;e Maro, and the other bundle, liippofcd to contain tlie fjr'.lOoro, were laid, during the celebration of tl-e lite lijlcnin rites. It is jTrobable, that this barbarous ciif- tom of olfering human f.icrilices, prevails in all, or niuft of the id.inds of the i'ai ilie Ocean, lionever dif- tam Iroin each oilier Come ot tluin mi) lie. .\nd though we Ihould fu})pole, that not more than one p; r- fon is olfered at one time, either at Dtaheiie, or other illands, )et ihefc occalions, we are inclined to think, iircur lo frequently, as to make a terrible havoek o( the hiiuian fpccies; forilie Captain counted no leii. than No. 60. 49 nc more injurious to the chara(flcr.« of any peo- ple, than this diabolical pra^^ice afcribec*. to this focicty. There are in this, and the ac^joining ilhnds, perfons of a miiklk- rank between the ManahoiMas, or the Yeo- men, and the Marecs, who having no concern in the govL-rnmcut, nor :my diftini't property in the illands, allbciate together lor their own amuftment, and the entertainment of the public. Thefe travel from place to place, and from ifland to ifland in companies, not u-nlike thofe of the ftrolHng players in Kngland, only thiU they perfnrni without pay ; but thai they cohabit indifi riminatcly, one with another, fo many men with fo manv uomtn in common, is no othcrwifetruc, than mav be fufpicU-d among the itinerant companies jull mentioned ; nor are they under any other rcltraints from mart) ing than that the fociety admits of no mar- riages among thcmfclves, nor of any married people to be of their focicty, it being a rule with them never to be cncumbc'cd with children; if therefore it lliould happen, that ilFue fliould prove to be the confcquence of a cafuai amour, there is no alternative, the mother mud eithc quit the fociety, orfomc how or other dif- pofe of the child, which foine of them do there as n-.any unfortunate girls do here, by fccrctly making away with them, to avoid infamy, it being cciually diU graceful there to be found with child, while mcinbcis of the fociety of Ancoys, as it is for women here to be found without hulbands. Ocdidec, who made the voyage to the fouthward with Captain Cook, in his for- mcr expedition todifcover a fouthern continent, came 10 pay his refpccls to his patron and friend. He brought with him a wife whom he had lately married, which difcreditsthe notion that was adopted by former vov- agcrs, that tlHifc who belonged to the focicty of Arrcoys were fworn to celibacy. Either this man muft have been an inipoftor, or the flid juft mentioned cannot be true. The other faift, which the writer took pains to de- termine, was, whether the beaflly cuftom imputed to them, of gratifying their pallions without rcpard to perfons or places, was well founded? And he Ailcninly ileclares, that the grolTcfl indecencies he ever faw pr;ic- tifcd while ontheilland,wtreby theliccntioufacfso.'our own people, who, without regard tocharader, made no fcruple to attempt openly and by force, what they were unable to cflcd witn the free voluntary ctuifent of the objedsof their dclirc; for which feveral of them were fcvcrely puniflicd. To afTcrt, therefore, that not the Icaff tracf of Ihame is to be found among thefe people, in doing that openly, which all other pcoj>!c are ii.itu- rally induced to hide, is an injurious c.iiumny, not war- ranted by cuftom, nor fupported by the general prac- tice, even of the lowcfl clafs of individuals amon!^ them. This people, concludes our joiirnalill, have one ciiflom in common with the Neapolitans a id Ilaltefe, \K hich ought not to be forgotten, an. i 'r^is ''•(ifl;- ing in the night, and repoling thenf 1 - ■ •< ',,,•; like them too, they burn torches while >.. / ii..,, which thev make of the oil drawn from the cocoa-nut. r^-c j 1 ^ . ;-gs c n A p. viu. tkr piVly ill Iht' conchifion nf the Solemnity at the Mor.ii, re-cmh.rhfj for Miitiivai—Qjiifimice with To'd>ha refpcnhif^ the. htun.xn ijiiijirc -Prhntr Ht'evas tiwoHg the Nilnvs — A l>a'.i ^iirit ly Oidiike,ai!ii iimilxr ty Omuh — llxhihliox of Ftrc-ivci-ks — yl prrft'iit of Cloth made in an nmifn,i! M.mmr — .7 virlboJ cf imlii!miiig the di-aJ Body of a Cbirf— A f'cnnd human SacriWcc — The f.vo Captains nilntaiu thr A'.ttnrs iy twH-if; on Ih/f-lad — Attenlioii of 0/r,oo to prc' v,v:i Thijts—'.liiimali s^iven him hy Ciptmii Cvtk — /Indinice to the Dcpnlirs of a Chief—A mock F/yhl exbilnted h f.io If ar-raifk-s — Nai-al flrnifith of thr Society Ijl.iuds — Maimer of comlu'/ini:^ ar. lurej/m Uicteu. ON Tucfday, the 2nd of September, we rc-em- barkcd, in order to return to Matavai, revolving in our minds the extraordinary fcenc at the moral, as related in the preceding chapter, and to which wc had been cye-witnedcs. In the way, wc paid a vifit to Towha, who had continued in the little ifland, where wc met him the dav before. Some converfation paflcd between him and Otoo; and the latter entreated Cap- tain Cook, once more, to join them as an ally in their war againll Eimeo. By" his pofitivc rcfufal he en- tirely loft the good opinion of this chief. Ilcforc wc took our leave, Otoo took an occafion to fpctk of the folcmaity, at which we had been prefent. Among other interrogatoric% he afkcd particularly. If it :v fwcrcdourexpcdtations.' What opinion we entei.nd of its efficacy ? And, whether fuch religious ai'i; « u' ceremonies were frequent in our own country? V\o had been filcnt during the celebration of the horri J ce- remony; but, at the clofe of the extrarMdinary ftene, freely exprcffed our fentimonts en the .iibject to Otoo, and his aticndantsj confequs-ntly, C;.iitain Cook Jid not conceal his detcftation of ,'-,' in this convcrfatii.n with Towha. Exclufivc of the barbarity of the bloody cuftom, he urged the unreafonableiefsof it, alledging, that fuch a facrilice, inftead of mal.ing the Eatooa pro- pitious to their nation, would c.^ite his \cngcance; and th?.. u-m do there, ss fccrctly making ing cciually dif. while incmbeis )mcn here to be who made the Cook, in liis for. continent, came :nd, Hebroujrht married, which by former voy- Jticty of Arrcoys man nnift have tioned cannot be )ok pains to dc- [tom imputed to ithmit rcp:ard to \nd he folcnmly 1c c\cr faw prac- entioufucfsofour aradcr, made no ■, what they were ry ccnifent of the ral of them were arc, that not the ong thefe people, 3Coplc are luui- alijniny, not war- he general prac- dividaals amnii!^ u ma I lit, have one ans a.ui Ilaltcfi-, fVtis ■'■fidi- •1 .."■- ■ '„■•: a. )■ ii.ii, wnieK cocoa-nut. ■r!ii%U'.'Ui>' li(- ■i' .}) J*- Jt Jtt' )mit>h — FAnHlioH Body of a Cbu-f— III of Olaoo to p-C' U exbi/'iled hy tuo e Ivo Ships j'di'iiig ' oil lb,' CiCilflK— Kiiigo/Gn-al Bri- ■ir parliciihirs ir- Omiiih'.f jt\iloufy (f ./ »/ Eiiihr,—-I~it PrrptinUwtu iiuuir tin exprdilion a\ ' /kn-ii — // drfmp- ■fs — Oi'jiab's J-.jiii- Uki-n to cnfstre his Ucftainmciils — In- -vnlims on lh<: /:» I the Mariius re- -Thc Chief's Sou, iji ihe two Ciptiwis rejbr their Dr/Kir. •k^S lite' .* "'fj "' ciilarly. If it ■.- on weentcii ; f.a religious ac*^!:; ^i .. ivn country? V. ■ of the horrid c- traoidinary fniie, : lUhjed to Otoo, '.'litam Cook Jid this convcrfcitit.n irity of the bloody fsof it, alledi^ing, ig the Eatooa pro- lis vengeance; and ih;'.. ':* M ' K.?t" :.^ij; l#. ri *?-; ■■, '->r fee' ^^U-rM hi.,:^. ! ^f?;, Jit' i;.;' ;;i ■)ofr . 'h^Ufi '-f, a:j»: t*" m i &^ COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 4^1 that, from this very circuniftancc, he roncludcd, their intended expedition againR Mahcinc would be imfiic- ccfsful. This was proceeding to great lengths U|)on conjedurci but there was little danger of being luif- takcn; for, rclpeding this war, three parties were formed in the illand, one violent in its favour, another inditferent alwut it, and a third the avowed fupiwrters of Maheinc, and his caull-. Under thefe circum- ftances, it was not probable that fiich a plan of mili- tary operations would be feitled, as could infiire fuc- ccls. Omiah ailtcd as interpreter, in conveying the Captain's fentiinents on this fubject to Towha, and he fupportcd his objcclions with fuch fpirit, that the thief appeared to be extremely angty; efpccially, on being intorined, that it he had taken a«ay the life of a man in Kngland, as he had done here, his rank would not have protccU'd hini from an ignominious ileath. Upon this he exilaimcd, maeno! inaeno! (vile! vile!) and would not hear a fv liable more about it. Many of the natives were prcfcnt at this debate; particularly the fervants and atteiulants of i'owha; and when ()n)iah mentioned the puiii(hmeiu that would be intlided, in Kngland. upon the greatcll chief, if he dared to kill thenieancll fervant, they liftencd very attentively; and perhaps, on this fubjefl, they thought ililleiciuly from their mailer. Leaving Towha, we proceeded to Oparicc, where Otoo lolii ired us to pafs the night. W'c landed in the evening, and on our way to his habita- tion, had an opportunity of obfervinghow thefe jicople amufethcmfelxes in their private hcevas. We law about a hundred of ihem litting in a houfe; in the midll of whom were two womc-n, antl an old in.m behind each of them, beatinggcntly on a drum, and the «omen, at intcruils, tinging v»ith great foftnefs and delicacy. Thcallcmbly vsere very attentive, ami feeined, as it vcre, abfoibed in the plcalure the niulic gave them ; few of them taking any notice of us, and the |)crroini- fti never once ceafird. When we aimed at Otoo's houle It was almolt dark. Here we were eiuertainctl vithoncof their public hcevas. or plays, in which his three fillers rcpreftnted principal characters. This they call a heev.i raa, and no peilifm is fulfeied to enter the houfe, or area, where it l^ exhibited. Tins is al- ways the cafe, when ihcrojal liliers are peilbrmers. Tlitrc IS a famenels in their drama, that admits of lit- tlf or novariat.on, as, ptrh.ips, lo foreigners, who are uiLnquainted with the language and manners of a fountry, thcio may appear lO be in every Itage exhibi- tion, wherever peilormed. Be that as it may, we now behild a more luimcrous and brilli.uit company of [ler- loi HUTS alii mbled for our enteiiamment, than we had evtr leen on any llage in the tiopical illands before. On thisoccafion, thednilis wcie entirely new, and by far more elegant and p, luief^jui" th.in formerly; the niiinbcr ot dancers weie increaleil ; and they acquitte. thcmfdves in a very (lillingiiillicd manner. 'I'tn young ladies compofed the lull grou|i, w ith their heads molt mapniticent'y ornamented with beads, red feathers, (liells of the ii.oft Inautiful colours, and wreathed with flowers in lb elegant a 11) le, as hardly to be excelled. A party of warriors were next introduced, drelfed in their war habits, conlilling, as has already been ob- fcrved, of dilfercnt coloured cloth, of their own manii- fadurc, foingcnioufly falhioned, and blended together with lb much art, as, with the helmits that cover their heads, to fill the ilagc with men, of whofe majellic figure it is not eafy to conceive an idea. Thefe were armed with fpears, lances, and clubs ; and exhibited all the forms of attack and defence, which are pradifed in real adion. The principal performers were the king's brother, his three liliers, and we may add, a chief of a gigantic rtature, who difplaycd fuch fur- Piiiing grimaces and dilloriions of face and counte- nance, by way of provocation and challenge, as were not only laughable in fome attitudes, but terrible in others. After thefe difappcarcd, the players came forward, and performed a more feriqus piece than wc had yet feen, at w hich the natives fat graver and more compofed than ufual; though fome comic interludes, wherein four men were pertbrmers, fcenicd to aHbrd greater entertainment to the numerous audience. 'I he whole concluded wiiii a dance of ten boys, drcHird, in every rcfpedlike the girls in the full (cciie, with tiicir hair Hawing in ringlets down their llioulders, and their heads ornair.cnted in a very beautiful II) le. The next morning being the ;jd, we proceeded to Matavai, leaving Otoo at Oparree; but his mother, tillers, in fltort all the royal family, and many women, attended us on board, and Otoo followcti a lliort time after. During our abfence from the Iliips, the fupply of fruit had been fcanty, nor had they many vilitors; btit after our return we had plenty both of company and provilion?. On the 4th a party of us, among whom was Otoo, dined alhore with Omiah, who had provided excellent fire, conliltingol lilli, fowls, pork, and pudding'). Dinner being over, the Captain ac- companied Otoo to b.is houfe, where he found all his fervants very bufy in getting a quantity of provilions ready. Among other articles was a large hog, w hich they killed in his prcfcnce. There was alio a large luidding, the whole procefsof which the Captain law. It was compofed of bread fruit, plantains, taro, and pandanus nuts, each rafped, fcra[)cd, or beat uj) very line, and baketl by itfelf A quantity of the juice of cocoa- nut-kcriK Is w as put into a large tray, or wooden vell'el i in which tlic otlierarticles from tlu- oven were [lut, together with fome hot Hones, in order to make the contents limmcr. Three or four perfons were etn- ployi-d in Itiiriiip; up the fevcral ingredients, till tlicy were perfivily iiKorjiorated, and the juice of the cocoa- nut was tunud to oil; and, atlalt, the whole niafs was nearly r.f the conlitlency of a hafty pudding. .Some of thefe puddings are excellent, and few that we make in iMigliUid cijtial them. 'Ihis being maile, and the hog baked, they, together with two living hogs, fome bre.ul-fruit, and cocoa-nuts, were lent on board the Re- folurion, followed t.y Otoo, and all the royal family. IriJay the i;ih, in the evening, a vcung ram of the cape breed, and caret'iilly brougiitupon board our ill ip, was killed by a dog; an accident the more regretted, by its being the only one we had of that kind, and one only of the I'-nghlli breed was now remaining. On the 7th, at the clofe of day, we exhibited fome fire- works, before a vaft concourfe of people, many of whom were highly entertained, but the greater number were much terrified with the exhibition; infomuch, that they could hardly be prevailed on to keep together, to the conclulion of the entertainment. A table rockec was the lall. It Hew off the table, and difperfed the whole crowd in an inllant; even the molt rcfolutc of them Hew u ith the utmolt [)recipitation. On Monday, the 8rh, a party of us dinvd with Ocdidee. who made the trip to the Ibuthward with Captain Cook, in his former voyage. Our table was furniihcd plentifdly withfiHiot divers forts, and pork. The hig, which weighed atwut thiity pounds, was alive, drelfed, and on the table, within the hour. Soon after we had dined, Otoo came to us, and alkcd the Captain, if his belly was full? who anfwereil in the aflinnative. "Then come along with me," laid Otoo. The Captain at- tended him to his father's, where he faw feveral people employed in drelling two girls, with line cloth, after a very lingular falhion. There were feveral pieces, one end of each was held over the heads of the girls, while the remainder was wrapped round their bodies under the arm-pits. The upper ends were then let fall, and hung in tbids to the ground, over the othrr, fo as to bear fome refemblance to a circular hoop-pet- ticoat: lallly, round the outlide of all, were wrapped feveral pieces of cloth, of various colours, w hich con- iiderably increafed the (izcj it being five or fix yards in circuit; and the weight of this lingular attire was as much as the poor girls could well fupport. To each wqrc hung two taamees, or breall plates, in order to cmtwUilh the whole, and give it a pidurcfque appear- ance. Thus equipped, they were takco on board, to- gether with feveral hogs, and a quantity of fruit, the whole being a prcfent to our Commander from Otoo's father. Thole who arc drenid in this manner, arc called atcc; but, this ceremony is nevci performed, except iill 4<;i Capt. COOK'S V O Y A C, li S C O M 1' L E T K. except wIkmc 1.iijj;l' priftiits of iloih arc to l,c made. We never law it practilcil upon any oilier octaiion; but, both Captain Cook and Captain Clarke had cloiii vprcdiiti'il tlicni altcrwartls wrapped round the liearcrs in the lame manner. On the (jih, we received a pre lent of (ive h();;s, mid foine fruit, fioni Otooj and o?ie hog, and fonic tViiit lioni each of his fiflers. Oiher pn)vilioi.<< were allii in abundance, and (jreat 'lu.mti- ties of niackaiel having been caii^iu by il-e natives, for luo or three days fuci elTivcly, fonie of thcin wi're fold at the tents, and in ilic iliipij indeed, Otoo waseiiuully S'le.uive, to fupply o'.:r v ants, and contribute to our a.iniiaufnt. On the lotli lie in.-.tcd a party of us at OpMTte wiili a play ; iv. which his thiec fillers were «!;ain pci .orincrs, iv.ivin}; each of thein new and very clejj:\nt J relies. Thisday Captain Cook went to Ice an tinbalired i orpfe, luartiie relidcnceof Oioo. Oncn- quiry, it was found to be the remains of Tee, a chief veil knoua to him, when he Inll vilited this illand. Jt vas lying in an elegant toopajjaoo, m all refpci:t.s limilar to t! at at Oheitepcha, in which the remains of VVa- luiadiKia are de|)olited. We found the body was un- «ler cover, within tiic toopajiaoo, and wrapped up in cloth. At the Captain's delire, the perfon who had the care of it, brought it out, and placed it on a kind of liier, fo as to allow a perl'ecl view of it. The corple having been thus exhibited, he ornamented the p!acc with nuts and iloths, difpolld in fuch a manner as to produce a pleafing cll'ecl. 1 he body was entire in tvcry part; pulrelaciion fcemed harilly to be begun: anver-nilcd. It aj)- late tixieliberatc and another (hief, with the Hat of inefiiiif^cr arrived ;hc\l liinuo; that [ that the lofs, or :ry inconfidcrable. in Cook, Mr. An- [)arretv aciompn- Ihccp which the land. Thcfc were ipe cw cs, all which DO. I'.ach of the ercfore thought it )nc part to Ulietea. )c broiij'ht before ie W'oulu leave his have our Hnglilh i prouolal Htary, at lalt, agreed to :ing into the lx)at, c making any cx- e Captain fiifped- angemcnt, for the cd the idea of an to leave them all icd not to furtcr ill he iliould have ic might then dif- the neighbouring our gentlemen left place, not far dif- f a chief, waiting It from their mal- :d, with the ufual h the fpcaker cn- }f all his principal locd in the name 1 then the difputc The deputies of ting the war with an iacrificc on the intly attending the the queftioii, and *'ith great rtiength ed mclFages from iflilbncej andth* CiiptJia i::''^ '%[ I . . !' Til!! 1! !l'!' ilhl'li! ■,!ffl Mi M"' j«t i f if l' i- ' >. ^-^ ! .. tt** ;^u4.jt, i!t^»„».« « 4 Xi'^ COOKs THIRD and LAS T VOVA^.E— To the I'ACIFIC OClEAN, &c. 493 Captain was now conviiiccil tint he ncvrr entered hcar- (ily into the Tpiric of this Mar. Having dined with (Hiio, (Hit pitrty returned to Matavai, leaving him Ht Oparree. On I'Viday, the 19th, we were very fparinnly fupplicd with fruit, as we had been the tlay before, Otoo bchig informeJ of this, he, ami his brother, who hail |)arti- cularly atiached liitnldt to Captain Gierke, came Crom Oparree, with a large fuppjy for both (hips. Next day, the 20th, all the royal family cnme with prcfents, fo that now we had more provilions than we could confunie. Our water and wood having ix-en alrc\uly taken on board, nothing rf-maincd but to Hi ike the tents, and bring oft' thctnincs liclongingto the otlii cis iml men who were (lationedon fliorej and the Coin- minihofe belonging to Oparree, and that part of the illand, where there would be a ge- neral review. The fquadron of Matavai was foon in motion, and alter paiadinj^r for Come time about the bay, allemhied alhoie, near the middle of it. Captain Cook now went in his boat to take a fiirvey of it. What thiy call their war canoes, which are thofe \«iih ftagcJ whereon they light, amount to .ibout f>Q in numterj an.i there 11 e marly ;is many more of a fmaller (ize. 1 he Captain was ready to have attended them to Oparree; but the chiefs rcfolvcd that they would not move till the next day. This happened to be a fnrtu- natetlelay ; as it afforded him an opportunity of getting fome inlight into t'.eir manner of fighting. He there- fore dtlired Otoo to give orders, that Icime of them ftiould go through the neceliary manctuvrcs. Accord- ingly tv\o ot them were ordered out into the bay ; in one of which Oto •, Captain Cook, and Mr. King em- barked, rind Omiah went onboard the other. As foon as they had got fuflicient fea-room, they faced, ad- vanced, and retreated by turns, as quick as their rowers could paddle. In the mean time, the warriors on the ftagii Mourifhed their weapon.s.and played a variety of antii tricks, which could anfwtr no otiier purjjofethan that of roi)(iiig their pafTions, to j)rcpare them for thconfet. OttK) (food fiy the (ide of one ffage, giving the nectlHiry orders when to advance, and when to re- treat. (irearjudgment,anda very quick eye feems to be reqtiilitc in this department, to Icizc every advantai'-c, and to avoid every di (advantage. .\t length the two canoes dolVd ftagc to (hige; and after a (everc, though' fliort conflict, all the troops on Otoo's llage were fup- po(ed to be killed, and Omiah and his afTociatci boarded them; when inlfantly Otoo, and tlie paddlcrs in hi.s canoe, leaped into the fca, as if reduced to the nc- cedity of preferving their lives by fwimming. Bur, according to Omiah's rcprcfentation, their naval en- gagements are not always conducted in this manner: tor they fometimes lafti the two veflels together head to bead, and fight nil all the warriors on one fide or the other arc killed; yet this clofe combat is never prac- tifed, except when the contending parties arc deter- mined to conquer, or die. Indeed, in this inftancc, one or the other muft infallibly happen; for they never give quarter, unlefs it be to refervc their prifoners for a more cruel death the day following. All the power and ftrength of the Society Iflands lie folely in their navies. A general engagement on land we never heard of; and all their decilivc adfions arc on the watir. When the time and place of battle are fixed by both parties, the preceding day and night are fpent in feail- ingand divcrfions. When the day dawns, they launch the canoes, make every nocefTary preparation, and with the day begin the battle ; the fate of which, in general, decides the difpute. The vanquiftied endeavour to favc themfelvcs by a precipitate flight; and thofe who reach the Ihore fty, with their friends, to the mountains; fcr the viiltors, before their fury abates, fpare neither the agetl, women, nor children. They aftemble the next day, at the Morai, to return thanks to the batooa for the victory, and ofter there the (lain and the prifoners, as f'acrifices. A treaty is then fet on foot; and the con- querors obtain ufually their own terms; whereby largt diflrids of land, and even whole iflands, fometimes change their proprietors and mafters. Omiah (aid he was once taken prifoncr by the men of Boiabola, and 6 1 condudlej m 1 ^^Mffirfij {Rj '"'^?'ii liMk 494 Ctipt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. conduced to that idand, where he, and iiwny others Mould have fiitt'crecl death the ilext day, hait ;hcy not bce>\ forturtate enough to cfcapc in the night. When the iiiock-fijiht was concluded, Oiniah put on his luitof armour, mounted a Uage in one of the ca- noes, and, thus equipped, was paddled all along the Ihore of the bay, that every one might have a pcrfett view of him, His coat of mail, however, did "ot en- gage the attention of the muititride fo much r as ex- peded ; the novelty being in a great degree loll upon fonie of them, who had (ecn it before ; and there were others, who had conceived fuch a dillike to Omiah, from his folly and imprudence at this place, that they would hardly look at any thing that was exhibited by him, however lingular snd new. This day notice had been given toOroo of our intentions to fail with the firllfair wind ; in confequcnte of which oft the 22nd, in the morning, he came on board, dcliring to know- when wc propofed to depart, and, at the fame time ex- prelTcd great concern at our fuddcn refolution. Me bmught with him hogs, fruit, and other valuable pro- ductions of the illand. No people on earth could cx- prefs their gratitude with more fecmin"; fincerity and cordiality, than the king and his chiefs, for theprefents ihey had received, nor were our commander and offi- cers wanting in fuitablc returns. The Captain having heard of there Iwing a g(M)d hartwurat l-jineo, had in- formed Otoo and his party, that he would vifit that jfland in his palTagc to Huaheine ; and they propofed now to accompany him, and that their Hcct lliould fail, a{ the fame time, to reinforce Tom ha. Heing ready to take our departure, the Captain fubmitted to them the appointment of the day. The VVednefday following was fixed upon, when he v as to receive on board Otoo, his father, mother, and the whole family. Thcfe points fettled. Captain Cook propofed fettingout immediately for Oparrcc, where all the fleet was to alFcmble this day, in order to be reviewed. But as he was ijetting into iiis boat, news arrived, that a treaty had been con- cluded between Towhaand Maheinc, and that Towha's Heet had returned to Attahooroo. From this unex- pected event, the war canoes, inftead of rendezvoufing at Opirrec, were ordered to their refpcdhve dillrids. Captain Cook, howcer, followed Otoo to Oparrec, accompanied by Mr. King and Omiah. Soon after their arrival, a mcflenger from Eimeo made known the conditions of the peace, or rather truce, it being only for a limited time. The terms being difadvantagcout to Otahcite, Otoo was cenfured fevercly, whofc delay, it was faid, in fending reinforcements, had obliged Towhato fubmit toa difgraceful accommodation. It was, at the fame time, currently reported, that Towha, relenting the treatment he had receivH, had declared, that immediately after our de',::.rturc, he would join his forces to thofe of Tyn ai/ .•'. ;ind attack Otoo. This called upon the Ca' ■ ■ • r larc, that he was deter- mined to cfpoufe ti 4.. of his friend; and that whoever prcfumed to ^ .uck hi^ii, by any combination of parties, lliould experience the weight of his difplea- fijrc, wh«n he returned to that ifland. This declara- tion, probably, had the dcfired effect ; for, if Towha did entertain any fuch hodile intention at firll, we heard no more of the report. Whappai, the father of Otoo, highly difapproved of the peace, and cenfured Towha for concluding it. This old chief wifely confidcred, that Captain Cook's going with them to Eimco, might have been of fmgular fcrvice Po their caufe, though he iliould not take an adtive part in the quarrel. 1 le there- fore conclude4, that Otoo had adled prudently in waiting for the Captain, though it prevented his giving that early alTiftancc to Towha which he cxpcded. While wc were difcourfing on this fubjed, a melTenger arrived from Towha, dcliring the attendance of Otoo tho next day, at the morai in Attahooroo, to return thanks to the Eatooa for the peace he had concluded. Captain Cook's company was requeued ; but, being much out of order, chofc to decline attending them. Defuous, however, of knowing what ceremony might be exhi- bited on fuch an occalion, he tent ^r. King and Omiah to obfcrvc the particulars, and returned on board, at- tended by Otoo's mother, his three lifters, and fcvcral other women. At firll the Captain imagined that thi$ nurnerous train came into his boat, in order 10 otc a palfagti to Matavai. Hut they allured him, they in. tended palling the night on board, for the purpofc of curingihediroider he complained of; which wasarhcii- matic pain, extending fiom the hip to the foot. He accepted the IVicniUy oiler, had a bed prepared for them upoiitho cabin floor, and fubmitted hiinfclfio their dircdions. He was lirll deliieii to lie dovin among them; when all thofe who could get near hiin began to fqucezc him with both hands all over the body, but more particularly on the parts complained of, tilt they made his bones crack, and his flelli biLame almort a mummy. In fliort, after fullering this fivcrc difcipline, about a quarter of an hour, he was happy to get away from thtm. 1 he operation howevcr.gavc hire immediate relief, and encouraged him to undergo a rei>etition of the fame difcipline, before he retired to bed; and it was fo effedual, that he found hinifclf pretty eafy the whole night after. His female phjli. cians very obligingly repeated their prefcription the next morning, before they left him, and again in the evening, when they returned ; after which •:'... cure be- ing perieded, they took their leave of the Captain the following morning. This is called by the natives ro- mee, an ojieration far exceeding that of the flefli-briill', or any external fridion. It is univerfally practiced among thefe iflanders. Captain Wallis, r.nd his lirll Lieutenant, had the fame operation pertiumcd iijMn them. If at any time, a perfon appears languid and tired, and fits down by any of them, they practice the lomcc ujion his legs, and italways has an exceedinggowl etlat. On Thurfday the 25th, Otoo, Mr. King, and Oiniah, returned from .Attahooroo ; and Mr. King favoured us with a narrative of what he had feen to the folluuing fnirport. " At funfet, we embarked in a canoe, and' eft Oparrec. .'\bout nine o'clock, wc landed at that extremity of Tettaha, which j>)i'« to .'\ttahooroo. The meeting of Otoo and Tcwha, 1 expedcd would be interefling. Otoo, and his attendants, feated tlicm- felvcs on the beach, near the canoe in which Toulia fat. He was then aflccp; but being awakened, and Otoo's name mentioned to him, a plantain tree and dug were imt>iediately laid at Otoo's feet; and fevcral of Towha 's people came and converfed with him. Xhci I had been, for fomc time, feated clofe to Otoo, Towha neither Ilirring from his canoe, nor faying any thing to us, I reiMired to him. He afked me, if TixHc was difpleafed with him? I anfwered no; that he was hit taio; and that I was ordered to repair to Attahooioti, to let him know it. Omiah then entered into a longcon- verfation with this chief, but 1 could not gather any infonnation from him. On my returning to ();oo, he defircd that I would go to eat, and then to fleep; in confequencc of which Omiah and 1 left him. On my qucdioning Omiah on that head, he faid, Touha was lamc.and therefore could not ftir; but that he and Otoo wojld foon converfe in private. This was prob.ihly true; for thofe we left with Otoo came to us in a little time; and about ten minutes after, Otot) himfelf nr- rived, when wc all went to fleep in his canoe. '1 he next morning the ava uas in great plenty. One man drank to fuch excefs that he loll his I'enfes, and ap- peared to be convulfed. I le was held by two men, w ho bufied thcmfelves in plucking oil' hi.< hair by the roots. I left this Ijacdaclc to fee a more atlcding one: it was the meeting of Towhaand his wife, with a young girl, who was faid to be his daughter. After the cereinor/ of cutting their heads, and difcharging plenty of bl(V)J and tears, they waflied, embraced the chief, and ap- peared perfedly unconcerned. But the young girl's fufferings were not yet concluded, Tcrridiri (Oberea'it fon) arrived ; and Ihc, with great compofure, repeated thofe ceremonies to him, which (he had jult per- formed on meeting her father. Towha having brought in a war canoe from Eimeo, I inquired if he had killed the people belonging to her, and wa< informed, thai there w as not a (ingle perfon in her when (he was cap- tured. About ten o'clock wc left Tct,taha, and landed clofa COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE—To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c;^ 495 clofc to the Morai of Attahooroo, early in the after- noon. Three canoes lay hauled upon the beach, op- polite the Moral, having three hogs in ^ach. We expcdled the folcinnity would have been performed the ffinie afternoon J but nothing was done, as neither Towha nor Potatou had joined us. A chief came f,rii Eimco with a fmall pig, and a plintain tree, which h: placed at Otoo's feet. 'I'hey converfcd fomc time tdgcthcr, and the Eimeo chiefoften repeating the words w.wty, warry, " falfe," Otoo was probably relating to him what heiiad heard, and the other contradided it. The next day, Towha and Potatou, with fevenoreight large canoes, arrived, and landed near the Morai. Se- veral plantain trees were brought to Otoo, on behalf of different chiefs, Towha remained in his canoe. The ceremony commenced, by the principal p:icft bring- ing out the Maro, wrappeci up, and a bundle of a conic (liapc. Thcfe were placed at the head of what 1 fup- noftd to be a grave. Then three pricfts fat down at the other end of the grave ; havinf^ with xhcm a plan- tain tree, a branch of fome other kind of tree, and the (h«th of the flower of the cocoa-nut. The pricfts fe- pamtely repeated fentcnccs; and,at intervals, two, fome- timcs three, chanted a melancholy lay, very little at- tended toby the natives. This kind of recitative con- tinued near an hour. Then, after a fliort prayer, the chief prieft uncovered the maro, and Otoo rofe up, wrapping it about him, and holding in his hand a bonnet, compofed of the red feathers of the tropic bird, mixed with other blackilh feathers. He flood oppolitc the three pricfts, who continued their prayers for about ten minutes j when a man rifing fuddcnly from the crowd, fail! fon»ething ending with heiva! and the peopleecho- eJ back to him three timci. Earce! The company then repaired to the opjxjfitc fide of a large pilcofftones, where is the king's morai ; which isnot much unlikea large grave. Here tne fame ceremony was again performed, and ended with three cheers. The maro was now wrapped i p, and ornamented by the addition of a fmall piece of red feathers. The people proceed .d to a large hut, near the Morai, where they leatcd themfclves in Iblcmn order. An oration was made by a man of Ti- iratwo, which ended in about ten minutes. He was followed by another of Attahooroo: Potatou fpokc next, and with much more fluency and grace than any of them. Tooteo, Otoo's orator exhibited after him, and then a man from Eimeo. Some other fpeeches were made, but not attended to. Omiah Paid, that the fnbftancc of their fpeeches recommended friendfliip, »nd not fighting; but as many of the fpcakers ex- prclTed themfclves with great warmth, there were, per- naps, fome recriminations, and protcftations of their future good intentions. In the midft of their haran- gues a man of Attahooroo rofe up, having a flin^ faf- icncd to his waift, and a large ftonc upon nis ihoulder. After parading for about fifteen minutes in the open fpce, and chanting a few fliort fentcnccs, he threw the fione down. This ftone, together with a plantain tree ihat lay at Otoo's feet, were-, at the conclufion of the fpeeches, carried to the Morai, one of the priefts, and Otoo with him, faying fomcthing on the occafion. Returning to Oparree, the fea breeze having fet in, we were obliged to land, and had a picafant walk fron Tcttaha to Oparree. A tree, with two large bundles of dried leaves fufpcndcd upon it, pointed out the boundary of the two diftric^s. We were accompanied by the man who had performed the ceremony of the ftone and fling. With him Otoo's father held a long cnnvcrfiition, and appeared extremely angry. He was enraged, as I underftood, at the part which Towha had taken in the Eimco bufincfs." From what can be judged of this folcmnity, as re- lated from Mr. King, it nad not been only a thankf- giving, as Omiah told us, but rather a confirmation of the treaty. The grave, mentioned by Mr. King, ap- pears to be the very fpot where the celebration of the rites began, when the human facrificc was oifered, at fhlch Captain Cook was prefent. and before which the vitlim was laid. It is here alfo that they firft invert their kings with the Maro. Omiah, who had 4 fcen the ceremony when Otoo was made king, de- fcribed the whole folemnity when we were here ; which is nearly the fame as that now related by Mr. King, though perhaps upon a very dilTercnt occafion. The plantain-trec is always the firft thing introduced in all their religious ceremonies, as well as in all their public and private debates, and probably on inany other occafioiw. While Towha was at Kimeo', he fent one or more meflrnger's to Otoo every day. Every meflcnger, at all times, carried a young plantain-trec in his hand, which he laid at the feet of Otoo before he mentioned his errand, after which he fcated him- felf before him and related particulars. When two men are in fuch high difpute that blows arc expeded to enftic, if one fliould lay a plantain-tree before the other, they both become cool, and proceed in the ar- gument without further animofity. It is indeed the olive branch of thef: people upon all occafions. On Eriday, the 26th, all the women were ordered to be pM on fliore; a tafli not cafily cfleaed, moft .'of them being very unwilling to depart : nor was it of much conlequcncc, as they found means to follow us afterwards to Huaheine, Ulietea, and the other Society Ides J nor did thi y leave us till our final departure to our northern diloverics, never more to return. Our friends knowing, by this, wc were upon the point of failing, they all paid us a vifit, and brought more hogs than we wanted ; for we had fuflicient for our prefent ufe, and had no fait left to prcferve any. On the 27th, Captain Cook accompanied Otoo to Oparree; and before he left it, took a furvey of the cattle and poultry which he had configried to his friend's care. Every thing was in a promifing way, and properly attended to. Two of the gecfe, and two of the ducks were fitting ; but the pea-hen and turkey-hen had neither of them began to lay. He took four goats from Otoo, two of which he intended to leave at Ulietea, and to refcrve two for the ufe of any other iflands he might touch at in his pa.Tage to the north. On the 28fh, Otoo came on board, and informed Captain Cook that he had got a canoe, which he dcfired he would take with him as a prefent from the Earce of Otahcite to the Eareerahic no Pretanne. The Captain was highly picafed with Otoo for this mark of his gratitude. At firft, the Captain fuppofcd it to have been a model of one of their veftcls of war, but it proved to be a fmall ivahah, about i 6 feet long. It was double, and pro- bably had been built for the purpofe, and was deco- rated with carved work, like their canoes in general. It being too large to take on board, the Captain could only thank him for his good intention, but the king would have been much better pleafed if his prefent could have been accepted. The foUowing circum- ftancc, concerning Otoo, will fliew that the people of this illand are capal^le of n.jch addrefs and art to ac- complifli their purpofes. Among other things which the Captain had at ditfcrent times given to this chief, was a fpying-glafs : having been two or three days poireflTed of it, he perhaps grew tired of his glafs, or difcovered that it could not be of any ufe to him ; he therefore carried it privately to Captain Clerkc, telling him, that he had got a prefent for him, in return for his friendfliip, which iie fuppofcd would he agreeable: " but (fays Otaj) Tootc muft not be informed of this, bccaufe he wanted it, and I rcfufed to let him have it." Accordingly, he put the glafs into Captain CIcrkc's hands, alTuring him, at the fame time, that he came honeftly by it. Captain Clerkc, at firft, wiflied to be excufcd from accepting it ; but Otoo infifted that he fliould, and left it withliim. A few days after, he reminded Captain Gierke of the glafs ; who, though he did not wifti to have it, was yet defirous of obliging Otoo : and thinking a few axes would be moft accep- table, produced four, and oflfcred them in exchange. Otoo immediately exclaimed, " Toote offered me five for it." Well, fays Captain Clerke, if that be the cafe, you fliall not be a lofer by your friendfliip for me : there arc fix aires for you. He readily acceptctT them, but again deflred that Captain Cooke might not be made acquainted with (he tranfadtiofl, Br ^'mi 496 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. By calms, and gentle breezes from the weft, wc «-rrc detained here fome time longer than we ex pcdted, during which the (hips were crowded with our friends, and uirrounded with canoes, for none of them would quit the place till wc departed. At length, on Monday the 29th, at three o'clock P. M. the wind came at eaft, and we weighed anchor. When the Re- folution and Difcovery were under fail, to oblige Otoo, and to gratify the curiofity of his people, wc fired feveral guns ; after which all our friends, except his maiefty, and two or three more, took leave of us with ilich lively marks of (brrow and aife£kion, as fulliciently teftified how much they regretted our departure. Otoo being defirous of feeing the Refolution fail, (he made a ftretch out to fea, and then in again immedi- ately, when the king took his lad farewell, and went alhore in his canoe. It was ftriiflly enjoined to the Captain by Otoo, to rcqucft, in his name, the Earee- rahic no Pretannc, to fend, him by the next (hip fome red feathers, and the birds which produce them, alfo axes, half a dozen mufkcts, powder and Ihot, and by no means to forget horfes. When thefe people make us a prefent, it is cuftomary for them to let us know what they expedl in return ; and wc find it convenient to gratify them, by which means our prefents come dearer to us than what we obtain by barter. But being fometimes prefled by occafional fc?,rcity, wc could have recourfe to our fnends for a fupply, as a prefent, when wc could not get it by any other method. Upon the whole, therefore, this way of traffic was full as advan- tageous to us as to the natives. In general, wc paid for each lot or feparate article as we received them, except in our intcrcourfc with Otoo. His prefents were fo numerous, that no account was kept between him and the Capuin. Whatever this chief dcfired, if it could be (pared, was never denied him, and the Captain always (bund him moderate in his demands. jf the Captain could have prevailed on Omiah to fix his refidcncc at Otaheite, we fhould not have quitted the ifland fo foon as we did : for there was not even a probability of our being better fupplied with provifions elfewhere, than we continued to be here, even at the time of our leaving it. Befides, fuch a fricndlhip and confidence fubfiftcd between us and the inhabitants, as could hardly be expedled at any other place ; and it was rather extraordinary, had never once been inter- rupted or fufpendcd by any accident or mifunderftand- Jng, nor had there been a theft committed worthy of notice. It is probable, however, that their regularity of condudl refultcd from their fear of interrupting a traffic which might procure them r. greater (hare of our commodities than they could obtain by plunder or pilfering. Thife point, indeed, was fettled, in fome degree, at the firft interview with their chiefs, after our arrival; for the Commodore declared then to the natives, in the moft deci(ive terms, that he would not fuller them to rob us, as they had formerly done. Omiah was Angularly ufeful in this bufinefs, being in- (fru£led by the Captain to point out tc them the happy confequences of their honeft condud, and the f^tal mifchiefs that muft attend a deviation from it. But the chiefs have it not always in their jxjwer to prevent thefts ; thcf arc often robbed themlclvcs ; and com- "plain of it as the worft of evils. The moft valuable things that Oroo received from us, were left in the Captain's polfclTion till the day before wc failed, the king declaring that they could be no whr.e fo fafc. 1 rom the acquifition of new riches, the inducements irt pilfering muft certainly have iicrcafed, and the ( hicts are lenfible of this, from their being fo extremely defiroiis of having chefts. The few that the Spaniards left among them arc highly prized ; and they arc con- tinually alking us for Tome. We have already men- tioned one having been made for Otoo, at his rcqucft, the dimcnfions of which were eight feet in length, five in breadth, and about three in depth. I^cks and bolts are not confidered as a fufficitnt fecurity, but it muft be hr'rc enough for two people to flefp upon, and confequcntly gOard it in the night. U may appear extraordinary, that \ifc could not get J ■■•■■.' any diftindt account of the time when the Spaniards arrived, the time they ftaid, and when they departed. The more wc made enquirv into this matter, the more wc were convinced of the incapability of moft of thefe people to remember, calculate, or note the time when paft events happened, efpeciaUy if for a longer period than eighteen or twenty months. It howcvcj appeared, from the infcription upon the crofs, and by the information of the natives, that two fliips came to Ohcitepeha Bay, in 1774, not long after Captain Ckx)k lefi: Matavai, which was in May the fame year. The live ftock they left here confifted of one bull, feme goats, hogs, and dogs, and the male of another animal, which we were afterwards informed was a ram, at this time at Bolabola. The hogs, being large, have alrcadv much improved the breed originally found by us upon the iftana ; and, on our arrival, were very numcious. Goats are alio in plenty, there being hardly a chief without them. Th^ dogs that the Spaniards put alhore are of two or three forts; h.id they all been hanged, inftead of being left upon the ifland, it would have been better for the natives. A young ram we had fell a vidim to one of thefe animals. Four Spaniardi remained on ftiore when their fliips left the ifland, two of whom were pricfts, one a fervant, and the other was much carelTed .imong the natives, who diftinguifli him by the name of Mateema. He fcems to have fo (ar ftudied their language, as to have been able to (peak it ; and to have been indefatigable in impreffing in the minds of the Otaheiteans exalted ideas of the greatnefs of the Spanilh nation, and inducing them to think meanly o( that of the Englifh. He even af- fured them, that wc no longer exifted as an indcpcn* dent nation; that Pretanne was but a fmall ifiand, which they had entirely dcftroyed j and as to Captain Cook, they had met with him at fca, and with a few (hot had Cent his (hip, and every foul in her, to the bottom, fo that his vifiting Otaheite was, of courfe, at this time, very unexpedled. Many other improbiw bilities were propagated by this Spaniard, and believed by the inhabitants j but Captain Cook's returning to Otaheite was conlidered as a complete refuution of all that Mateema had advanced. With what views the priefts remained cannot eafily be conceived. If it was their intention to convert the natives to the catholic faith, they certainly have not fucceedeu in a fingle in- ftance. It does not appear, indeed, that they ever attempted it ; for the natives fay, they never converfed with them, cither on this or any other fubjed. The pricfts relided the whole time at Ohcitepeha ; but Ma- teema roved about continually, vifiting manv parts of the ifland. After he and his companioiu had (taid ten months, two fliips arriving at Ouheitc took them aboard, and failed in five days. Whatever defign the Spaniards might have had upon this ifland, their hafty departure fliews they have now laid it alide. They endeavoured to make the natives believe, that they in- tended to return, and would bring with them hoiifes, all kinds of animals, and men and women who were tu fettle on the illanu. Otoo, when he mentioned this to Captain Cook, added^ that if the Spaniards fliould n turn, he would not permit them to enter Matavai f'.rt, which, he faid, was ours. The idea plea&d him ; 1/Ut he -i"*. not confider that an attempt to complete it would deprive him of his kingdom, and his people of their liberty. Though this Ihews how eafily a (ettle- ment might be eJfciited at Otaheite, it is hoped that fuch an event inight never take place. Our occalional vifits may have been of fervicc to its inhabitants, but (confidcring how moft European cftablifliments among Indian nations arc conduced) a permanent rettlcincnt at this ifland would, probably, give them Juft caufc to lament that our (hips had ever difcovered it. Indeed, a meafurc of this kind can hardly ever be fcriouHy thought of, as it can neither anfwer the purpolb of public aiTibition, nor r»f private avarice. We hive already obfcrved, that Captain Cook received a vilii from one of the two natives of this ifland who had been taken to Lima by the Spaniardi. It is fomcwhat remarkable that we never faw him afterwards, COOK'S THIRD dnd LAST VOYAGE— "^b the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 497 afterwards; efpccially as the Captain received liim with uncommon civility. It was fuppofcd that Omiah, from motives of jealoufy, had kept him from the Captain, he being a traveller, who, in feme degree, might vie with hinifelf. Our touching at Teneriffe was a lucky circumftance for Omiah, who prided himfelf in having vifited a place belonging to Spain, as well as this nian. Captain Gierke, who had feen the other traveller, fpoke of^ him as a low fellow, a little out of his fenfcs; and his own countrymen entertained the fame opinion of him. In fliort, thofe two adventurers icemcd to be held in little or no cftcem. They had not been fo fortunate, it is true, as to return home with fuch valuable property as had been bcflowed upon Omiah, whofe advantages are fo great from having been at England, that if he (hould fink into his original (late of indolence, he has only himfelf to blame for it ; and we are inclined to think this will be the confc- qucnce of his indiicreet behaviour. Some time before, tne Captain, his unchangeable friend and patron, had made up a fuit of colours for him, but he confidercd them as too valuable to be ufcd at this time, and therefore patched up a parcel of flags and pendants, to the number often or a dozen, which he fprcad on dif- ferent parts of his canoe. This, as might be expedcd, drew a great number of people to look at her. He had completely ftocked himfelf with cloth and cocoa-nut oil, which arc better and more plentiful at Otaheitc than at any of the Society Iflcs, infonuich, that they are confidercd as articles of trade. Omiah would not have bchavid fo inconfiftently, as he did in many in- ftances, had it not been for his fiftcr and brother-in- law, who, together with a few feled companions, engrofled him to themfclves, in order to ftrip him of every article he poiTcircd : and they would certainly have fucccedtd, if Captain Cook had not taken the moft ufeful articles of his property mto his pofrcdion. However, Omiah would not have been faved from ruin, if the Captain had permitted thefo relations and friends of his to have accompanied hiin to his intended place of fcttlement at Huaheine. This, mdced, n^i their intention, but our Commodore difappx)inte(' their farther views of plunder, by forbidding them ' > appear at Huaheine, while he cdntinued at the So.iety I'lands, and they knew him well enough not tocor.iply. On Tucfday, the ;jOth, having failed from O'.aheitc, we continued our courfc under doubled reeled top- fails, and ilood for the north end of the ifland of Eimco. Omiah, in his canoe, arrived there before p , and endeavoured, by taking fome necelfary mea' to (hew us the befl anchoring place. We wen however, without pilots, havmg fcveral natives o: Otaheitc on board, and among them not a few women. Unwilling to rely wholly on thefe guides, two boats were Cent to examine the harbour, when, obferving the fignal made for fate aiirhorage, we fiood in with both the Ihips tlofe up to the head of the inlet, where we cart anchor in ten fathoms water, over a bof fom of foft mud, and nnwred w ith a hawfer fart to the flioie. The name of this harbour is Taloo. It is fituated on the north (idc of the ifland, and in the dillriti of Oboo- nohoo, or Poonohoo, and runs above two miles between the hills, S. or S. by E. It is not inferior to any har- bour that we have met with in this ocean, both for fc- curity and goodnofs of Imttom. It has alio this lingu- lar advantage, that i fiiip can fail in and out with the reigning trailing wind. Sevival rivers fall into it, one of which is fo confidcrable, as to admit boats a quarter of a mile up, where the water is pcrfedlly frefii. The banks, on the fides of this ftream, are covered with what the natives call the Pooroo-trce, on which they fet no value, as it ferves only for tiring: fo that wood and water may be procured here with great fa- cility. The harbour of Parowroah.onthe fame lidc of the idand, is about two miles to the eartward, and is much larger within than that of Taloo ; but the open- ing in the reef lies to leeward of the harbour, and is confidcr.ibly narrower. There are two or three more harbours on the foutli lidc of the ifland, but they u; : not (b conlidcrableasthofc wc have already mentioned. No. C)i. . , , , , Wc were rpceivcd by the natives of Eimeo with every mark of hospitality, great numbers of whom came aboard the (hips, but from mere motives of curiofity, for they brought nothing with them for thepurpofes of barter. On Wedncfday the ift of 0(5lobcr, our live ftock was landed, our carpenters fent out to cut wood, and our purveyors to colled hogs. Here we found Omiah, who, on his arrival, had been divei ' ig himfelf and the natives with his feat's of arms, and had raifcd their curiofity to a very high degree, by acquainting them with our intention of paying them a vifit, as no EuiD- pean fliip had ever anchored at their ifland before. The next day, being the md, feveral canoes arrived, from diftant parts, bringing with them a copious fup- ply of bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, and a few hogs, which were exchanged for beads, nails, and hatchets j red fea- thers being not fo much demanded here as at Otaheitc. This day, in the morning, Captain Cook received a vifit from Maheine, the chief of the ifland. He ap- proached the fiiip with as great caution and delibera- tion, as if he apprehended mifchief from us, knowing us to be friends of the Otaheitcans; for thefe people have no idea that we can be in friendrtiip with any one, without adopting his caufc againft his enemies. This chief was accompanied by his wife, who, wears told, is fiftcr to Oamo, of Otaheitc, whofe death we heard of while we remained at this ifland. Cap- rain Cook made rliem prefcnts of fuch articles as feemcd moft to flrike their fancy; and after ftaying about half an hour, they went on fliore j foon after they returned with a large hog, prefenting it as a return for the Captain's favour; but he made them an additional gift to the fiill value of it; after which they went on board the Difcovery to vilit Captain Clerke. Maheine, fupported w ith a few adherents, has made himfelf, in fome degree, independent of Otaheitc. He is between forty and fifty years of age, and is bald-headed, a cir- cumftance rather unconnnon, in thefe iflands, at that age. lie feemcd afliamed of ftiowing his head, and wore a kind of turban to conceal it. Whether they confidercd this deficiency of h.ir difgraceful, or whe- ther they fuppofcd we confidercd it in that light, is not ?afy to determine ; the latter, however, appears the n.oft probable, from the circumftance of their having feen us fliave the head of one of the natives, w horn we d, r(\ "d ftcaling. They naturally concluded, there- tore, tiiat this was a kind of puniftiment inflidcd by us upon ;.llthif,Ts, .lud fome of our gentlemen, whofe hea js were but ihmly covered with hair, were violently fu.'peiikd by them of being tetos. Towards the even- i Ig, Captain Cook ind Orniah mnuntcd on horfeback, nd rode .ilong the (liore. Omuiii ii.i\mg forbid the native, .) follow us, our train wa- not very numerous; the ti.ii ot'giv'iig olfcnce having got the better of their curiofity. 'he Hcet of '1 i«ha had been ftationcd in this harbo'.ir, anvi though tiic war was but of (hort du- ratio'i, the marks of its devallation were very numerous and every where confbicuous. iic trees had loft all their fruit, and the 'oufes in the neighbourhood had been burnt, or othi i li'c deftroycd. On Monday the iih, we hauled thefhip off into the ftream, intending to put to fea the next day, but the following difagreeable incident prevented it. Wc had, in the morning, fent our g(i alliore to graze; and, in theevening, then;iri\. .u wed tofteal oneof them, notwithftanding two iiad been appointed to look after them. This w.i-^ .i confiderablc lofs, as it inter- fered w ith the Captain's views of ftocking other iflands with thofe animals: he, therefore, was determined, if pollible, to recover it. On the 7th, we received intel- ligence, that it had been conveyed to Maheine, who was, at that time, at Parowroah harbour. Two elderly men otlercd their fervices to conduct any of our people to him, in order to bring back the goat. The Captain, theretbir, difpatched fome of our people rn a boat charged with a melfage to that chief, and infiftcd on both the goat and the thief being immediately given up. Maheine had, only the day before, rcqueffed the Com- modore to give him two goats; but, as there were none * ^ n :r,: ,.''J • : , , of 498 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. of thefc animals at fomc other iflands, he jefufcd to gratify him. Willing, however, to oblige him in this particular, he dcfircd an Otahcite chief, then prefent, to requcft of Otoo, in his name, to convey two goats to Maheine, and to cnfure his compliance, fent him, by the fame chief, a quantity of red feathers, equal in value to the two goats that were required. The Com- modore cxpefted that Maheine, and all the other chiefs of the ifland, would have been perfedly fatisfied with this arrangement; but he was miftaken, as the event clearly proves. Little fufpedting that any one Vould prefume to ftcal a fecond, while the neceflary nieafures were taken to recover the firft, the goats were again put alhorc this morning ; and a boat, as ufual, was fcnt for them in the evening. While our people were getting them into the boat, one was conveyed away undifcovered. As it was mifled immediately, we cxpededto recover it without much trouble, as it could not have been carried to any confiderabl; diftancc. Several of the natives fct out after it, different waysj for they all endeavoured to perfuade us, thai it muft have ftrayed into the woods; not one of them auinit- ting that it was flolen. \Vc were, however, convinced of the contrary, when we found not one of the purlucrs re- turned : their intention being only to amufe us, till their prize was fafely dcpofited; and night coming on prevented all farther fearch. At this inltant, the boat returned with the other goat, and one of the perfons who had purloined it. The next morning being Wcd- ncfday the 8th, moft of the natives were moved oft'. They had carried w ith them a corpfe that lay on a too- papoo, oppolite the fliip; and Maheine, we were in- formed, had retired, to the rcmotcft part of the ifland. It now plainly appeared, that a regular plan had been projecled to fteal what the Commodore had rcfufcd to give; and that, having reftored one, they were deter- mined not to part with the other, which was a female, «nd with kid; and the Commodore was equally re- folvcd to have it back ag".'.n : he, therefore, applied to the two elderly men, who had been inftrumental in re- covering the firft, who informed him that this had been taken to a place on the fouth fide of the ifland, called Watea, by Hamoa,who was the chief of that diftridt; but that It would be delivered up, if wc fcnt and de- manded it. They (hewed a willingnefs to condud fome of our people to the fpot ; but finding that a boat might go and return in one day, one was immediately difpatched with two of our officers, Mr. Roberts, and Mr. Shuttleworth ; one to remain with the boat, if (lie could not get to the place, while the other went with the guides, accompanied by fome of our people. 'I'hc boat returned in the evening, when wc were informed by the ofiiters, that, after proceeding in the boat as tar as rocks and fhoals would permit, Mr. Shuttleworth landed ; and, attended with two marines, and one of the guides, went to the houfe of Hamoa, at Watea, where, for fome time, they were amufed by the natives, who pretended they had fent for the goa:, ami that n would foon be produced. But as it did not an ive, and night approaching, Mr. Shuttleworth rcfolved to give over the fruitlefs fearch, and return to his boat. Cap- tain Cook now lamented that he had proceeded fo tar in the bufineHi, feeing he could not retreat with credit, nor w ithout giving encouragement to other iflanders to rob us with impunity. Upon confuking with Omiah, and the two old men, they advifed us, without hefita. tion, to advance up the country with a party of men, and (hoot every perfon they (liould meet with. The Captain did not approve of the bloody part of this counfel ; neverthcIcU, early the next morning, being the 9th, he fet out with thirty-five of our people, ac- companied by Omiah, one of the old men, and three attendants. Lieutenant Williamfon was alfo ordered round the wcftern part of the ifland, with three armed boats, to meet us. Wc had no fooner landed, than the few rcsnaining natives fled before us. The firlt perfon we met with on our march, was in a kind of pe- rilous fituation ; for Omiah, the inflant he beheld him, alked Captain Cook if he (hould (hoot him; fo fully washcpcrfuadcd, that the advice given u» was imme- diately to be carried into execution; but the Captain gave orders both to him and our guide, to let it be iniuie * known, that it was not our intention to dclboy a (infrlc native. Thefe joyful tidings foon circulated, and pre. vented the hight of the inhabitants. Afccnding the ridge of hills, on our road to Walca, we were informcil that the goat had been carried the fame way, and could hardly have paflcd the hills; we therefore marched up in great filence, expeding to furpri/e ihe party who were bearing off the prize; but, when we arrived at the uppermoft plantation, we were told, that the ani- mal we were in fearch of, had, indeed, been kept there the firrt night, but, the next morning, was conveyed to Watea. We made no further enquiry, till wc came within fight of Watea, where wc were dircded to Ha- moa's houfe by fome people, who alfo informed us. that the goat was there. We fully expedted to obtain it 011 our arrival; but, having reached the houfe, the people there denied that they had ever feen it, or knew any thing about it. Hamoa himfelf appeared, and exprcfial himfelf to the fame cffed. On our firft coming to Watea, feveral men were feen, running to and fro in the woods, w ith clubs and darts in their hands ; and Oin uh, who had ran towards them, was affaultcd with Hoiks: hence it appeared, that they intended to oppofc any attempt that we might be induced to make ; but, on feeing the Ircngth of our party, had given up the ilc- fign: we \ ere confirmed in this opinion, byobfcrving, that all thi ir houfes were empty. After having col- leded a fe'v of the natives together, Omiah was dincLcd to expoftulate with them on the nbfurdity of their coii- durt, and to let them know, we had rcceiveil fulF.ciint intormation that the goat was in their polliinon; and that, if it was not without delay delivered up, wc iho-'lJ burn all their houfes and canocs; yet, iu:i .'.itlillati.liKir this expoffulation, they perlifted in their denial i,>i h.r .. ingany knowledge of it: in confequence of whicli wc fet fire to eight of their houfes, and three war canoc% all which were prefently confumed. We aftcrwarJj marched off to join the boats, at that time eight milcj from US; and, in our rout, burnt lix other war canoci, without any oppofition; on the contrary, many of the natives afTiffed us, perhaps, nrore from fear than any other motive. Ominh. who was at fome dillance bc- fore us, came b.ick with information, that a liumbcr of men were affembled to attack us. VN'e prepared to receive them; but, inllead of enemies, they v.cre peti- tioners, with plantain trees in their handsj which tluy laid do\*n before us, entreating the Commodoie to fparc a canoe that lay upon the Ipot, whiih he rcatiily complied with. About four o'clock, in the a(ttrnooi), we arrived at Wharrarade, where our boats were wait- ing for us. This dirtric'l belongs to Tiarataboonouc; but this chief, together with the other principal ptojilc of the place, had fled to the hills ; though we made no attack on their property, they being in amity with Otdo. Here we remained about an hour, in order to reft oiii- felves, and afterwards fet out for the fl^iips, where we ar- lived at eight o'clock in the evening; but no tidings of the goat had, at that time, been received ; .ind, of coiirfc the operations of the day had been ineffct'lual. On Iriday the 10th, early in the morning, a nicf- fenger was fent off to Maheine, charged with this pe- remptory refolution of the Captain, that if he pcriiltcd in his refufal todelivcrup the goat, a (ingle canoe fhould not be left upon the ifland; and that hollilities ihould never ceafe, while the flolen animal remained in his jxjffeffion. That the meffenger might perceive the Captain wp in earneft, he ordered the carpenter, in hid prcfence, ti, reak up three canoes that lay at the head of the harl).* :'i*t%i!'.'«';>*»rf': »»■,»•■ w I %■ ^'^■ iAM % « COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAnE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 501 were left open, for the rats to make their efcape j in fhort, a thorough revifion was directed to be made of every thing on board, as well to clcanfc the furniture from vermin, as to remove the danger of infcdion from putrid air, generated by a perpetual fuccelTion of multitudes of people, between decks, ever fmcc our arrival at Otaheitc. The fick were, at the fame time, landed for the benefit of the air, and every means ufcd to recover, and to preferve them in health when re- covered. Among the fick was Captain (x)ok hinifclf, for whofe recovery tfr: crews of both (liips were under much concern, as the fuccefs of the voyage was thought in a great meafure to depend upon his care and condud. By the do^ilor's advice, he was prevailed upon to deep on fliore ; where he was afliduoully at- tended, night and day, by the furgco.is of both (liips, who watched with him alternately, till he was out of danger. As foon as he was able, he rode out every day with Oniiah on horfeback, followed by the natives, who, actratfled by the novelty of the light, flocked from the remotell parts of the ifland to be fpedators. We alfo during our ftay in this harborr, carried the bread on fhore to clear it of vermin. The number of cock- roaches that infeflcd the (liip at this time is almo]J incredible. The damage we fulluined by them was very confiderable ; and every attempt to dcdroy them proved fruitlefs. If any kind of food was ixpofed for a few minutes, it was covered with thefe noxious infcdls, who fo«>n piercrrf it full of holes, lb that it rcfcnibied a honeycomb. They proved jiarticularly dcftrudive to birels which had been fluired for curi- ofiticj, and werr fo fond of ink, that they eat out the writing on the labels fafiened to different articles; and the only thing that prcfcrvcd books from their rav.ngcs, was the clofenels of their binding, which pre- vented thefe voracious dcftroyers from infiiuiating themfelves between the leaves. According to Mr. Anderfon, they were of two forts, the blalta criculalis, »nd Mimwica. The former had been carried home in the Kefolution, in her lad voyage, where they withftood the fevcrity of the winter, in 1776, though flie was in dock all the time. The latter had only made their appearance fince our leaving New Zealand ; but had incrcafed fo fall, that they now got even into our rig ging; fo th.1t when a fail was loofcncd thoufands of them fell upon the decks. Though the orinilalfs were in infinite numbers, tiny feldom came out but in the night, when they made a particular jjioife in crawling about: and, beiidcs their difagreeabic ap})earance, they did great mifchief to our brcar', which dainty feeders would have ill-reliflicd, bei/ig fo befpattered with their excrement. The carpenters and caulkers hal no fooner com- pletexl their bufinefs on board, than they were ordered on fliore to cred a houfe forOmiah wherein he might fecure the various liuropean comii.odities that he had in his pofTefTion : at the lame time, others of our people were employed in nuking a gard.n for his ufe, plant- ing vines, A)addeK:ks, melons, pine-apples, and the feeds of various kinds of vegetables ; all which were in a Hourifliing fliite before our departure from the ifland. Omiah began now to pay a ferious attention to his own affairs, and heartily repented of his ill-judged prodigali- ty at Otaheite. Here he found a brother, a lifter, and a brother-in-law, the lifter h.iving been married : thefe did not plunder him, as his other relations had lately done; it appeared, however, that though they had too much honelty and good-nature to do him any injury, yet, they were of too little confee]uence in the ifland, to do him any real fervices, having neither authority nor influence to proted his property or his perfon. Thus circumftanccd, he ran great rifque of being ftripped of every thing he had received from his generous bene- fadors, as foon as he ftiould ceafc to be within the reach of our pow erful protedion. He was now on the point of being placed in a very Angular fituation, that of the only rich man in the kingdom and com- munity of which he was to be a member ; and being matter of an accumulated quantity of a fpccies 01 tJtafurc, which his countrymen cquld not create by No. 61. any art or induftry of their own, it was natural, there- Sre, to imagine, that while all were defirous of ftiaring is envied wealth, all would be ready to join in attempts to ftrip its folc proprietor. As the mod likely means of preventing this. Captain Cook advifed him to diftributc fome of nis moveables amftng two or three of the principal chiefs j who, on being tnus gra- tified, might be induced to favwir him with their patronage, and fliicld him from the injuries of others,. Omiah promifed to follow this sdvicc, anJ we heardj before wc failed, this prudent Ucp had been taken. The Captain, however, not con'iiling wholly in the operations of gratitude, had r.icoiirfe to the more forcible and elicdual motive of intimidation, taking every opportunity of notifying to the inhabitants, that it was his intention to make another vifit to thei^ ifland, after having been abfcnt the ufual time ; and that if he did not find his friend in the fame ftate of fccurity in which he fliould leave him at prefcnt, al' thofc who had been his enemies might cxped to be- come the objeds of his refcntmenr. This menacing declaration wiN, probably, have fomeeflcd; for our fiicceflive viflts of late years have induced thefe iflanderi to believe, that our Ihips arc to return at certain periods ; and while they continue to entertain fuch » notion, which the Captain thought a fair ftratagcm to confirm, Oniinii has fome profped of being fuftcred to thrive upon his new plantation. On Wedncfday, the 22d, the intcnourfe of trade and friendly ollices, between us and the inhabitants of Huahcine, was interrupted; for, in the evening, one of the latter found means to get into Mr. Bayley's ob- fcrvatory, and carry otfa fextant, unobfervcd. Cap- tain Cook was no fooner informed of this theft, than he went aftiore, and defircd Omiah to apply to the chiefs, to procure rcrtitution. He accordingly made appli- cation to them, but they took no fteps towards re- covering the instrument, being more attentive to a heeva, that was then exhibiting, till the Captain ordered the performers to defift. Being now convinced he was in eaincfl, they began to make feme enquiry after the delinquent, who was fitting in the midft of them, with fuch marks of unconcern, that the Captain was in great doubt of his being guilty, particularly as he denied it. Omiah an"uring him this was the perfon, he was fent on board the Refolution, and put in irons. This railed an univerfal ferment among the iflanders, and the whole body fled with precipitation. The prifoiK-r being examined by Omiah, was with fome diftieulty brought to confefs where he had concealed the fcxtant, and it was brought back unhurt the next morning. After this, the natives recovered from their conrternation, and began to gather about us as ufual. As the thief appeared to be a fliamelefs villain, the Commodore puniflicd him with greater feverity than he had ever lione any former culprit ; for, befidcs having his head and beard fliavcd, he ordered both his ears to be cut oft', and his eye-brows to be fleed, than which no punilhment could have fubjeded him to greater difgr.uc In this bleeding condition he was fent on fliore, and expofed as a fpedacle to intimidate the people from meddling with what was not their own. The natives looked with horror upon the man, and it was eafy to perceive that this aft gave them ge- neral difguft: even Omiah was aflfeded, though he endeavoured to juftify it, by telling his friends, that if fuch a crime had been committed in the country where he had been, the thief would have been fentcnccd to lofe his life. But, how well focver he might carry oft" the matter, he dreaded the confequcnces to himfeiti which, in part, appeared in a few days, and were probably more feverely felt by him, foon after we were gone. Saturday, the 25th, a general alarm was fprcad, oc- cafioncd by a report, that one of our goats had been ftolen by the above-mentioned thief; and though, upon examination, we found every thing fafe ia that quarter, yet it appeared, that he had deftroycd and carried oflF from Omiah's grounds, fcveral vines and cabbage plants ; that he had publicly threatened t» put him to death, and to fet fire to his houfe, as foon as 6 L . * vrc Capt. COOK'S J02 VOYAGES COMPLETE. wc fliould quit this place". To prevent his lioinc any further niifchicf, the Captain ortlcred him to be fcizcii, ami conlintil again on hoard the (hip, with a view ot carrying him oft" the ifland; and this intention fccmcd to give general fatisfaCUon to all the chiefs. I le was a native oi Bolabola; but there were too many of" the people here ready to co-operate with him in all his de- ilgns. We had, indeed, always met with mure tronblt- jTome people in Huaheine, than in any other of the ad- jacent iflandsj and it was only from fear, and the want of proper opportunities, that induced them to behave better now. Anarchy and confufion fccmcd to prevail among them. Their Marcc rahic, as we have already obfcrved.was but a child; and wc did not obfcrve.that there was one individual, or any fit of men, who held the ri ins of government for him ; fo th.it whenever any niifiuiderllanding occurred between us, we never knew, uith fufiicient precilion, to whom it was ncceflary to apply, in order to efted an accommodation, or procure redrefs. On Thiirfday, the 30th, early in the morning, «)ur pri Tone r, the Uolabola-muii, found means to cfcape from his confinement, and out of the Hiip, carrying with him the (hackle ot the bilboo-bolt that had been put about his leg, which was taken from him as foon as he arrived on fliore, by one of the chiefs, and given to Omiah, who quickly came on board, to inform the Captain, that his mortal enemy was again let loofe upon him. Wc found, upon enquiry, that the fentry placed over the pnfoncr, and even the whole watch in that part of the lliip where he was confined, having fallen aflcep, he lii/.ed the favourable ojiportunity, took the key of the irons out of the diawcr into which he had fecn it put, and fet himfelf at lilxTty. This cfcape convinced the Commodore, that his people had been very remifs in their night-duty; which rendered it nc- ceflary to chadife thofc who were now in fault, and to cUablidi fome new regulations that might prevent iimi- lar negligence in future. Wc were pleafcd at hearing, afterwards, that the fellow who efcapcd, had gone over to Ulietea ; but it was thought by fome, he only intended to conceal himfelf till our departure, w hen he would revenge the indignity wc had treated him w ith, by open orfecret attacks upon Omiah. Thehoufeof this great man being now nearly finiflied, many of his moveables were carried afliorc. Among other articles was a box of toys, which greatly pleafcd the gazing multitude: but as to his plates, dillies, drinking mugs, glafPes, and the whole train of houfehold apparatus, fcarce one of his countrymen w ould even look at them. Umiah him- felf began to think, that they would be of no fervice to him; that a baked hog was more favory than a boiled one; that a plantain leaf made as good a dilh or plate as pewter; and that a cocoa-nut iliell was as con- venient a goblet as one of our mugs. He therefore difpofed of moft of thefe articles ol l'",nglilli furniture among the crew of our fliips; and received from them, in return, hatchets, and other iron implements, which had a more intrinfic v.iluc in this part of the world. Among the numerous prelcnts beflowcd upon him in Mnj^land, fireworks had not been omitted; fome of which wc exhibited in the evening of the ;Sth, before a great number of people, who beheld them with a mix- ture of pleafure and tear. Thofc that remained were put in order, and left w ith Omiah, purfuant to their original dcftination. Wc now began to make preparations for our depar- ture froDi Huaheine, and got every thing oft' from the lliore this evening, except a goat big with kid, a horfc and a mare, which were left in the polFellion of Omiah, who was now to be finally feparated from us. Wcgave him alfo a boar, and two fows, of the Englifli breed ; and he had got two fows of his own. The horfe had covered the inarc during our continuance at Otahcite ; fo that the introduilipn of a breed of horfcs into thefe idands, has probably fuccccdcd, by this valuable prc- fent. With regard to Omiah's domcftic cftablilhment, he had procurcB at Otah^^te, four or five toutous or peo- ple of the lower clafs ; the two young New ZcaUnders remained with him, and his brother, with feme others, joined hiin; fo that his family now confided of ten or eleven pcrfons: if that can bejuftly denominated a fa. mily, to which not one fcnule belonged. The hi)iife which our people ercdled (or him was 24 feet by 13 .ind ten feet high: it was compofcd of boards, uiii,),' were the fpoils of our military opeiaiions at'liimco and ill the conllnu'tion of it, as few n.iils as pofTihlc were ufed, Iclt an inducement Ihould arife, fiiMn a de. lire of iron, to pull it down. It was agreed upon, that* iiimicdiately alter our departure, he (iKuild erec't a fpa." < lous houfe, after the (iifliion of his own couutv; oiic end of which was to be brought over that wc h.nl built, foasentircly to enclofe it tor greater feiurity. la this work, fome of the chiefs of the illand proniil'ul to contribute their atHftancei and if the intnuled buiM. ing fliould cover theground which was marked out for it, few of the houfes in Huaheine will exceed it in magnitiule. Omiah's European weapons contiiled of a fowling piece, two pair of piftols, feveral fworils cutlafTes, a mufket, bayonet, and a cartouch box. .Mtcr he had got on (hore whatever belonged to him, he in- vited feveral times the two captains, and molt of the officers of both fliips to dine with hini; on which oc- cafions his table was plentifully fpread with the \k[\ proviflons that the illand could arford. Omiah, thus powerfully fupportcd, went through the fatigues of the day better than could have been cxpedlcd from the ile- fpondcncy that appeared in his countenance, when tirft the company Ix-gan to aflemble. Perhaps his awkward lituation, between half l-inglilh and half Indian jirc- par.itions, might contribute not a little to emb.inars him J for having never before made an entertainment himfelf, though he had been a partaker at many boili In England and in the illands, he was yet at a lofs to im- duct himfelf properly to fo many'guelh, all of iluin fuiKrior to himfelf in point of rank, though he nii^'ht be faid to be fuperior, in point of fortune, to moK of the chiefs prctcnt. Nothing, however, was wanting toimprefs the inhabititnts with an opinion ot Oiniahj confequcnce. The drums, trumix-ts, bagpipes, haut- boys, flutes, violins, in fliort, the whole band of inmic attended, and took it by turns to play while dinner was getting ready ; and when the company were featcd,tlie whole band joined in full concert, to the admiration of crowds of the inhabitants, who were aftembled round the houfe on this occation. The dinner tonfifleJ.aj ufual, of the various produiflions of the ifland, barhi- cued hogs, fowls drelfed, fome after the manner of tlic country, and others after the Englifli falliion, with plenty of wineaiul otlvrliiiuors.with which twoortliree of the chiefs made \ery free, Dinner over, hcev;is and (irc-vxorksfuccccded, and when night approached, the iiuiliitudcs that attended us fpedatorsdilperfed, with- out the le.nlf diforder. Before we fet liiil, the Coninio- doreraufed the following infcription to be cut in the front of Omiah's houfe; Ciforf^iui ti-rtiiu, Rfx, 3 Xoi'tiiil'ris, 1777. \- . , . S Re/'Mition, Jac. Cook, Pr. ''"'" I DiJcoury,'Cuy.Clerlu;Pr. November 2nd, on Sunday, at four o'clock V. \\. we took the advantage of an e'aflerly breeze, ■. ii! failej out of Owharre harbour. While here, we had pro^ui, J more than 400 hogL, many of them large. Thou),h it had been found in forr -r voyages, that moil of them which were carried to fca alive rcfufed to eat, and con- fequently were foon killed, yet we refolved to make one experiment more; and by procuring large quantities of yams, and other roors, on which they were accuf- tomed to feed on fliore, wc ventured to take a te« in each fliip; and for this purpofe our carpenters had pre- pared ftycs for theic rrrcjjiion in thofe parts wiierc they might remain cool. Mod of our friends, natives of Huaheine, continued on board till our vcllels were under fail; when the Captain, to gratify their curiofity, ordered five of the great guns to be fired. Then they all left u.?, except Omiah. who remained till wc were out at fca- Wc had come to fail by a hawfer fattened to the fliore, which in gafting the fliip, parted, beingcut by the rack*, and its outer end was left Ixhind ; it therefore became ncceflary to difpatch a boat to bring it on fliore. In ihis COOK'» THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— la the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 53.^ m-^\ this boat Omiah went aflioic, and took a very att'ec- tionatc and final leave of the Captain, never to fee him more. He had endeavoured to prevail on Captain Cook to let him rcuirn to England, >vhith made his parting with him and our ofliccrs th« more atledUng. If tears could have prevailed on our commander to let him return, Omiah s eyes were never dry i and if the (cndercd fuuplications of a dutiful fnn to an obdurate father coulcf have made any imprelTion, Omiah hung round his neck in all the fceming agony of a child try- ing to melt the heart of a reludant parent. He twined hij arms round him with the ardour of inviolable friend- (hip, till Captain Cook, unable any longer to contain himlclf, broke from him, and retired to his cabin, to indulge that natural fympathy which he could not re- lid, leaving Omiah to dry up his tears, and compofe hinifclf on the cjuarter deck. On his return, he rea- fiHicd with his friend, upon the impropriety of his re- qucfti reminding him of his anxieties while in Eng- land, left he fliould never more have been permitted to return home; and now that he had beenrellored to his friends and country, at a great expence to his royal maftcr, it was childifli to entertain a notion of being carried back. Omiah renewed his tears and faid, he had indeed wiflied to fee his country and friends; but having feen them he was contented, and would never long tor home again. Captain Cook aHlircd him of his Dtll wiHics, but his inllruiflions muft be obeyed, which were to leave him with his friends. Such was the parting fcenc between Omiah and his patron ; nor were the two New Zealand boys under Icfs concern to leave us than Omiah. 1 hey had already learned to fpeak Englilh enough to exprcfs their hopes and their ftari. Tney hopetfto have gone along with the fliips, ind cried bitterly when they underwood they were to be left behind. Thence arofe a new fccne between Omiah and hisfervants, that, had not the officers on the quarter deck intcrpofed, might have ended unfortu- nately forthe former; for they refufed to quit the fliip, till they were compelled to it by force, which would have been no cafy matter, the eldefl, near lixteen, be- ing of an athletic make; and the youngcll, about ele- ven, a giant of his age. They were both traiitable and obliging, till they found they were to Ik left at Hua- hcinc, out knowing this at our departure from that place, they grew defperatc till fubducd. They difco- vf red dilpo/itions the very rcverfe of the illand^ rs, among whom they were delUned tw abide during the remainder of their lives; and, inllcad ofa mean, timid liibmillion, they Ihcwcd a manly determined refolution r )t to be fubdued, though overcome j and ready, if t! ere had been a pofTibility to fucceed, ta have made a luond or even third attempt to have regained their li- berty. Wc could never learn Captain Co, k's reafon, for rcfufing to take on board fome of thofc gallant ynuths from New Zealand, who, no doubt, would have nude ufeful hands in the high latitudes we were about to explore, and would bclides have been living exhibi- tions of a people, whofe portraits have been imperfedtly jepiacd" even by our beft draughtfmen. There is a dauntlcfs fiercenefs in the eyes and countenance of a New Zealand warrior, which the pencil of the moft eminent artift cannot imitate; and we lament the non- importation of a native from every climate, where na- ture had marked a vifible dillindion in the charatiters of pcrfon and mind. Having bid farevvel to Omiah, he was accompanied by Mr. King in the boat, who in- formed us, he had wept all the time he was going artiore. Though wc had now, to our great fatisfaaion, brought Omiah (afc back to the very fpot from whence he was taken, it is probable we left him in a fituation Icfs de- llrable than that which he was in before his connection with us: not that, having tailed the comforts of civi- lized life, he muft become more wretched from being obliged to relinquifli all thoughts of continuing them, but merely becaufe the advantages he received from us, have placed him in a more hazardous fituation, with re- fpcdl to his pcrfonal fafety. From being greatly ca- rcflcd in England, he had lolt Tight of his priiuuy coii' dition, and tlid not conlider in w hat manner his ac- quilitions, either of knowledge, or of wealth, would be eftimated by his countrymen, at hisrcrurni which were the only things whereby he could leGominend hini- felf to them now, more than before, an^l on which he could lay the foundation either of his future greatnefj or happincis. He appeared to have, in fome meafiire, forgotten their culloms in this refpect, and even to have millaken their genius; othcrwifc he mull hav'e been convinced of the extreme difBculty he would find in getting hiinfelf admitted as a man of rank, where there is fcarcely a fingle inftance of a perfon's being raifed from an inferior (hition even by the gteateft me- rit. Rank feems to be the foundation of all power and diftindlion here, and is fo pertinacioully adhered to, that, unkTs a pcrfon has fome degree of it, he will be contemned and hated, if he pretends to exercifc any authority. This was really the ( aCe, in fome degree, with Omiah; though his countrymen were rather cau- tious in exprelTing their fentiments while we continued among them. Nevcrthelefs, had he made a proper ufcofthe prefents he brought with him from Great Britain, this, with the knowledge he had gained by tra- velling, might have enabled him to have formed the moft advantageous conncCfions: but he exhibited too many proofs of a weak inattention to this obvious means of promoting his intereft. He had formed fchemes of a higher nature, perhaps, with more truth, it may be faid, meaner; for revenge, rather than a de- lire of greatnefs, appeared to influence him from the beginning. His father was, certainly, a man of con- fiderablc property in Ulietea, when that illaml was fub- dwed by the inhabitants of Bolabola, and with many others, fled for refuge to Huaheine, where he died, and left Omiah, with feveral other children, who thus be- came entirely dependent. In this fituation Captain I'urneaux took him up, and brought him to England. Whether he expeded, from the treatment he there met with, that any alTirtancc would be afforded him againft . the enemies of his father and his country ; or whether he had the vanity to fuppofe, that his own fuperiority of knowledge, and pcrfonal courage, would be futlicienc to difpofTefs the conquerors of Ulietea, is uncertain; but, from the very commencement of the voyage, this was his conllant topic. He would not pay any attention to our remon(lran( es on fuch an inconlideratc determi- nation, but was dil'plcafcd, whenever more reafonablc counfcls were propofed for his benefit. Nay, he was fo ridiculoufly attached to his favourite fcheme, that he affected to believe the R)labolans would certainly quit the conquered ifland, as foon as they Ihouid have in- telligence of his arrival in Otaheite. As wo proceeded, however, on our voyage, he began to perceive his er- ror; and, by the time of our arrival at the Friendly Illands, had fuch apprchenfions of an unfavourable re- ception in his own . ountry, that he was inclined to have remained at Tongataboo, under the protection of his friend Feenou. At thcfe illands he fquandered away a conliderable part of his European treafure; and he was equally imprudent at Otaheite, till Captain Cook put a ftop to his profufion. He alfo formed fuch improper connexions there, that Otoo, though at firft difpofcd to countenance him, afterwards rxprelFed openly his dif- approbation of his condud. He might, however, have recovered the favour of that chief, and have fettled, to great advantage, in Otaheite, as he had formerly lived fome years there, and was now honoured with the no- tice ot'Towha, whofe valuable prefcnt ofa large double canoe has been already mentioned. But he continued undetermined to the laft, and probably would not have adopted the plan of fetilement in Huaheine, if Captain Cook had not fo pofitively refufed to employ force in reftoring him to the poflefTion of his father's property. Omiah's grcatcit danger, in his prefent fituation, will arife from the very imprudent declarations of his aiv* tipathy to the Bolabola ns ; for thofc people, froio mo- tives of jealoufy, will undoubtedly endeavour to render him obnoxious to the inhabitants of Huaheine; and aa they are row at pe.ice with that ifland, they may cafily accomplilh iheir deligns. This ciicumftancc he mighti with 5^4 Capt. COOK'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. with great cafe, have avoided t for they were not only free from any averlionta him, but the old chief, uho ii reputed by the natives of the Society iHnnds, to be a prictt, or god, even ofreredV> reinftate him in his fa- ther'* lands: but he peremptorily rcfufed this; and, to the very laft, continued Hxcd in his refolution to em- brace the tirft opportunity of fatiifying his revenge in battle. To this no is perhaps not a litrlc Ibmulaccd by the coat of mail he brought from England i clothed in which, and furnifhed with fire arms, he idly imagines he (hall be invincible. But the dcfccls in Omiah's charadlcr were confulcrably overbalanced by his great good nature, and docile trainable difiiofition. Captain Cook, during the whole time he was with him, fcldom had reafon to be fcrinufly difplcafcd with his general condud. His grateful heart ever retained the highell fenfe of the favours conferred on him in Kngland; nor will he ever be unmindful of thofe who honoured him while in that kingdom, with their friendlhip and pro- teilUon. Though he had a tolerable (hare of under- ftanding, he (hewed little application and perfevcrance in exerting it, fo that he had but a general and im|>cr- fed know ledge of things. He was not a man much ufed to obfcrvation \ otherwife, he might have conveyed to his native country many elegant arnufements, and ufeful arts, to be found among the Friendly Idanders ; but we never percciveii, that he endeavoured to make hiinfcif mafler (ifany one of them. Such indirterence is, indeed, the charactcriRic foible of his countrymen. Though they have been vilitcd by Europeans, at tim?s, f()r ihcfo ten years pal>, we could not difcern the llightrd vclligeof any attcmpttopiolit by this interview, nor have they hitherto imitated uii but in very few refpet'ts. It mB(\ not, therefore, be expectted, that Omiah will be able to introduce amonj^ them many arts andtuftoms, or much improve ihofe to uhichihcy have been famiiiari/ed by longh.ibit. We I rull, however, that he will exert his eiuleavours to bring to perfection the various fruits anil vegetables that were planted by us, which will be no fmallacquiluion. But the principal advantage thcfc illands are likely to receive from the travels of Omiah. will probably arile liom the animals that have been left uponthciii; whuh, perhaps, they never would have oli- tained, it he had not come over to Kngland. When thefe multiply, Oiaheite, and the .Society Klcs, will equal any place in the known world, with refpect to provifions. Omiah's return, and the fubf^antiai proofs he had difplayed of Britifli liberality, encouraged many to offer themfelves as volunteers to accompany us to Fretanne ; but our Commoilore took every opportunity of cxpreding his fixed determination to reject all ap- plications of that kind: and Omiah, who was umbi- tious of remaining the only great traveller among them, l)eing afraid the Commodore might be prevailed upon to place others in the ftmc (ituation, as rivals, frequently remindeil him of the declaration of the Earl of Sandwich, that no others of his countrymen were to be carried to England. When the Captain was abotit to bid farewel to Omiah, he gave him his laft lefTonsof inf\ru(ftion how to ad: dircding him at the fame time to fend Ins boat over to Ulictea, his native ifland,to let h'.n know how the chiefe behaved to him m theabfcnce of the (hips. If well, he was to fend by the melTcnger three white beads: if they feizcd upon his ttock, or broke in upon his plantation, three red beads: or if things remained juftas wc left them, he wu to fend three fpotted beads. As foon as the bdht, in which Omiah was conveyed afhore, had returned, with the remainder of the haw- fer, to the (hip, we hoifted her in, and ftood over for Ulictea without delay. The next morning, being the 3d, wc made fail round the fouthcrn end ot that inand, tor the harbour of Ohamaneno. Wc met with light airs and calms alternately, (b that at twelve o'clock we were f^ill at the diftance of a league from the mouth of the harbour; and while we were thus detained, Oreo, the chief of the ifland, with his Ton and Ton in law, came off to pay us a vifit. All the boats were now hoified out, and fent a-hcad to tow, being a(Med by a flight fouthcrl/ brceic. This foon failing, and being . .. ■ a [lu cecded by an eafterlv one, which blew rijrht out of theharlwir, we were oiiliged to anchor at Its entr.incc about two o'clock P. M. and to warp in, whirli cm' iiloved us till night. We were no (ooner within the harbour, than ip, the Difiwery, Wedmfd,iy the i<)th nf Nrjf inter, ITI-]. "WHEREAS thepairipe frointheSoiictylflands.to the northern coaft of America, is of confiderabic Icngtii, both indiftanceand in time, and as a part of it iiuill be performed in the very diptii of winter, when grtles of wind and bad weather ii)ul\ be cxpedcd, and may EofTibly occafion a reparation, you are to take all pofli- le caie to prevent this. But if, no' w thOanding all our care to keip company, you (liould be fiparated liom me, you are ftrll to look for nic where you lall (ji\i me. Not fceinj^ nic in five days, you are to pro- reed (as ilirei'teil by the inllruOHons of their 'ordfliips, a copy of which you havt already rtrci^oJ) for the co;ill of New Albion; endeavouring to fdl in wiih it in the latitude of 45 deg. In which, and at a cnnvcnier.c ciitKmce from land, vim are to cruiic fo. ire ton days. Not feeing nic in that time, you arc 10 put inro tho firrt convenient port, in, or trt the nouli of I'lt lati- tude, to recruit your wood and water, and to nro.iire rcfrcllnnents. louring your tVay in poit, \ou ire'"'n- Jlaiitly to keep a gixnl look-out tor nic. It will be ne- rilliiry, theref«)rc, to make choice of » ftuion. lijiated as near the fe.i coad as pollible, the iKttrr to eiiabii' you ti) fee me, v*hcn I may appear in tlic oiling. Should I not join you bcfwe the ift of next April, you are to put to fea, and to proceed northward to the latitude of (,() dfg. in which, and at a convenient dillance from the toift, never exceeding 1 5 leagues, you are to cruize for ine till the loth of May. Not feeing me at that time, you are to proceed northward, and endeavour to find a palTage into the Atlantic (Icean, through \ ludfon's or Baliin's Bays, as dirciik'd by the above-mentioned inllructions. " Hut if you fliould fail in fimiin;^ a palTagc through cither of the faid Bays, or by any other wav, as the lea- Ion of the year may render it unfate for you to remain in high latitudes, you are to repair to the harbour of St. Peter and St. I'.iiil, in KaMiinfihatka, in order to refrclh your people, and to pals the w inter. Never- thelefs, if you lind, that you c .mnot pi\HMrc the ne- cclTary refieliiment>;. at ihc faid poit, \oii are at lilicrty to go where you lliail think pri{H.T; taking care before you dep.irt to leave w ith the governc.r an account of your intended deftination, to bcilelivered to me upon my ariival : and in the fprmg of the cnfuing year, 1 779, you are to repair back to the above-mentioned port,''eii- deavouring to lie there by the loih of May, or fooncr. If on your arrival, you receive no orders from, or ac- count of me, fo as to juftify your purfuing any other meafurcs than what are pointed out in the before men- tioned inlUudions, your future prtKeedings are to be governed by them. You arc alfo to comply w ith futh parts of the faid inrtriiclions, as have not been exe- cuted, and are not contrary to thefc orders. And in cafe of your inability, by ficknefs, orotherwife, tocarty thefe, and the inftrudionsof their lordlhips into execu- tion, you arc to be careful to leave them with the next olTicer in command, who ii hereby required to execute them in the bell manner he can." On Monday the 24th, in the morning, Mr. M , midlhipman, and the gunner's mate, tv,.^ of the Dif coverys people. Were nulling. They haa ehibiirked in a canoe, with two of their Otaheitean mifTes, the preceding night, and were now at the other end of the illand. As the midlliipman had exprcflcd a defire of continuing at one of the Society Iliands, it wis ex- tremely probable, that he and his companion had gone olf with that intent. Captain Gierke therefore, w ith two armed boats, and a detachment of marines, fet No. 62. out in (]iiell of the fugitives, bur returned in the even- ing without fuccefs. Iroiii the behaviour ol ilie illand- eri, he was of opitiion, that they intendei) to corneal the defertersj and, with ihii view hail tieceived him with falfe information directing him to feek lor thein where they .could not beli'Und. He was not inillaken; for, the next morning, inreiligeilct was hionght, ihat the tv\o runaways were in the ille ol ( h.ili.i, \. ith a view to continue their courfe to Otaheitc, as Uionasthey had furiiillied thcmfelves with provilions ftir the voyage. Ihefe not being the only prrfons in the llnpj who were delirous of remaining at thefc lavbiir'tc idands, it was necelFar^, in orelcr to give an tll(;i;liial difconragcinent to any liirther ilefertion, to recover tlir;ii it all e\cnri. Captain C'oi>k,thereliore, determined to go 1,1 purluit oj' them himlVlf, hiving oiileived that the nativeii feldoin attempted to anvilc Mm with lallb m'^iirmation. He aciordingly lit out wiili r-vo armed boats, accompanied by Oreri himftlf. TI.ey iroceMcd, witho it lloupingat any place, tdl they tamo to tlic tadcrn fide (if Utaha, w !h ,c ihey put afhore; and the chief difpatchcd a mait betiire him, with ordci" to Icize the fiigmsi.',, and keep them till 'lie Cajitaiii a -,(1 his attendants lliould arrive Witli the bo.its; but when arrived at the pl.u c where they cxp'ted to find them, they were inloriiied, that i' ey had .] iirted the illand, and proceeded to Hol.i. I bolarhcui) bclore. The Captain, not chullng to fol- i low them thith r, rcturneil to the lliipH, with a lull de- j rermin;irion to h.iverecnurfeto a nteafurc, which he hail j realbn to believe would compel the n.uivc.? to lellorc ! them, (^n Wedncfday the idih, foon after day-break, Oreo, wiili Wis Io'i, daughrer, and fon-in-law, having I com-on hoard the RcfoUitio'i, the (^oiiunodore refolved todct.iin 'he three 1 ill. nil nurdefi'iteri Diould beilelivcr- ed up. iVitli thin view (-'aptnn Gierke invited them on board h ih p; and, as liion as they had entered his cabm.a . ivinel v\as pKiccd at the d<)or, and the win- dow feciired. This pioiecdiiig greatly liirprized them; and Cipta n Gierke liavi n; eXpl.iine I the reafcui of it, they burll inio teirs, and begged he would not ki!l them. I le pnue(r"(l he would not, and that the ino- inent hii people \ure brought back, they (liould be re- leafed. Th's, lu)W' vtr, did i;jt remnv ihtir unealy apprelierifions, and they bt.vaileil their eXpe.tod fate in filent forrow. T'le chief being vvi.li Gapt.iin Cook wl-.en he r>' eivcd intelli).;ence of this affiiir, ii\eni:oni:d it immcliately to him, im.iginMig that thij Hep had been taken wuhoiit hi> knowledge and approbation. The Capt.lin inlliniK- iirylcceived I'.iiri; and then he bc;^an toenttriai 1 a I'c.m With refpeJl to hisowrt perfonal fafety, and his countenance indicated the freatell pcr- rurbation of mind: but the Captain fooii quieted hij felrs, by telling hiin, I'.'M he was it liherrv to qliit the fliip whenever he chdfc, and to take fiu h I', ps t'owardi the recovery of our two men, as lie fhoiild jiidj->;e bell calculateil for that purjiofe- and tliit, iihe diouid meet with ft; cefs, his friends, on boird ilie L'* f ovi ry, lliould be reliafed from their eonfmeinent: if not, tliat they lliould be carried away witlius. The Captain added,. that the clvef'.^ eondutl, a.s well :is th it of many of his countrymen, in not only allilling thefe tvro men irl nraking their eicapr, but in ciideaeoiiring, at this very time, to pr< ■ 111 upon others to follow them, would juf- tify any meali:rc that lliould fervc to put a llilp to fuch proceedings. All this was done, as we have already hinted, tointereft the people of the ifland in the pui-- fuit after the fugitives, and, to this end, the Captain preimifed a reward of large axes, and other valuable articles, to any of the natives who lliould be inftru- mentil in apprehending and bringing them back. The confinement of part of the royal family might feifhi hanl ufage, yet it had its elle6l,and without this ftcady refolute proceeding the deferters would nevef have beeii recovered. The boats of the Difcovery went day iifter day to all the adjoining iflands, without being able to le.irnthfcleaft trace of them; and rhis hey continued, till having fearchcd •'very ifland withiii thedillancc of two days fail, they were obliged to give over any far- ther fearch, as fruitlef<. The explanation of the moJ tives upon which Captain Cook adtcd, fcemed to re- 6 M movt. 5o6 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ling to lis liom tlic DilcD- a liody of I lie illaiutcrs ^"^1 move, in a grcac degree, that gciural conftcmation into which Oreo, and his people preftnt, were at iiril thrown. But, though relieved from all apprchenlions with regard to their Dwn fafcty.thiy were ((ill i:«der the decpeft concern for the prifoners in the Difcovery. Numbers of them went under the (Vern of the lliip, ii> canoes, and l.imcnted their captivity with long and loud cxi'ianiations. The name of Foedooa (whicn was that of Oreo's d.r.ightcr) relbunJed from every quarter; anvl the women n<'t orfly niadea moll difmal howling, hut llrui k their bofonis, and cut their heads witli Ibarks teeth, which occalioned a coniiderablc cH'ulion of bliiod. The chief now difpuchcda canoe to Bolabola, with a uullhge to Opoony, king of that illand, informing him of what hail h.ippcHcd, and requclling him to fei/.e thr two defirters and fend them back. The melllnger, who was tlir lather of Oreo's fon-in-law Pootoe, came to receixv' the Captain's commands be- fore his dc()artinr; wliollricHy enjoined him nut to return without the fugitives, and to tell 0|ioouy, from him, that, if ihey had left the illeof IJolalwIa, heniull fend canoes in piirfuit ot' tluni. But the impat eiii na- tive*, not thinking proper to truft to the return of our people li)r the releafc of the prifoners, were induceil to meditate an attempt, which, if it had not litcniire- vented, might hive involved ihcni in (till greater dif- (rcfs. Between live and fix o'clock. Captain C(H)k, who was then on lluire, ahfiall of the fliip, oblerveit al their canoes, in and about the harl'our. beuan ti) moveoiV. lie enquired, in vain, for the caufeoi ihis; till fome of our |)ei)ple, ■• ■" very, informed u:i, that fvi/.ed Captain Clerkc and Mr. ( Joie, as they wt re walk ingat a liiiall dillar.e lioni the lhips« 'I'he Ciiiiimo- doie, llruck \Mtli the boldnefs of this fcheme of reia- liatioii, which feemed to counteract him in his own way, inlhintly comm.iiided his people to arm; and, in a few minutes, a Ibong part), under the conduct ol iVIr. King, were fent to the reli ue of the two genilemen. At the fame time twoarm in their retreat to thcfliore. Thefedetach- nienrs had fcarcely gone out of light, when intelligeiue arrueil, which convinced us we had been m'linfoinied; and they were immcontely in coiifequencc of this, ralleii in. However, it appeared from feveral corro- bor.iting' particulars, that the natives had actually ..med the delign of fei/.iiig Captain Clerke; and they even made no fecrct in fpeaking of it the following d.iy. But tile principal part ot the plan of their ope- rations was to have lecured the perfon of Captain (.ook. He was acciiHomed to bathe every evening in the frefli water; on which o< alions he frequently went alone, and was Uiiarmctl. I'.xpec'ing him to go this evening, asufual, they had relolved upon feizing h;m, and Cajnain Clerke likewifc, if he had accompanied him. But our Comma:. Jcr, after confining the chief's famfly, had taken care to avoid putting himfeli in their power; and had cautioned Captain Gierke and the olViccrs, not to go to any confiderablc diftancc from the (hips. Oreo, in the courfe of the afternoon, alkcd our Commodore, three or four tirtvs, if he would not go to the bathing place; till at length finding that the Captain could not be prevailed upon, he retired, with his people, notwithllanding all our intrcaties to the confary. Having no fufpicinn, at this time, of their delip 1, Captain Cook in.'.gincd, that a fudden panic had fcizcd them, which would be foon over. Being difappointcd with refpect to him, they fixed upon thole vvl«im they thought more in their jwwcr. It wns a fortunate circumllancc that thcydid not fuccccd in their delign, and xV.n no mifchief was done on the occafion; no mulkets being lired, except two or three to ftop the canoes ; to which firing, perhaps Captain Clerke and Mr. Gore owed their (afety ; but Mr. King afcribcs this to the Captain's walking with a pidol in his hand, which, he fays, he once fired ; at which time a party ot the iflanders, armec* with clubs, were marching to. wards them, but difptrfed on hearing the rcjiort of the mulkets. This confpiracy was firft difcovered hv a girl, who had been brought from Huaheine by one of our ollicers. Happening to overhear fome of the Ulictcans fay, that they would feize Captain Clerke and Mr. Gore, flie immediately ran to acquaint the lirft of our people that (he met with the delign, Thofe who had been intrulled with the execution of the plan vhreatencd to put her to death, as foon as we flioukl quit Ulietea, for difappointiiig them. Being aware of tl s, we contrived that the girl's friends Ihould come a day or two afterwards, and take her out of the (hip, to convey her to a place where the might remain concealed till an ojiportunity (liould oH'er for herefcaping to Hua- heine. On Thurfday the 27th, the tents wc/c ftruck, the obfervatories took down, which, with the live (lock were brought on board the (hips. We then unmoored.' and moved .1 little way dow n the harbour, w here w e an- chored again. In tiie afternoon, the natives gathered round, and came on board our Ihips, as ufiial. One party acquainted Captain Cook, that the fiigitivis were found, and that in a few days they wouldbe brouglii back, reqiielling at the fame time the releafc of the pfi- foiiers. Bet the Captain paid no regard to either ilieir informatiiiu or petition; on the contrary, he renewed his thieiuiiin :s, which he declared he would pur in exe- cution, it the men were not delivered up. In the fuccced- 11;; night tile wind blew in hard fqualls, which wereac- coiiipam-d with ' *'y lllowcr^ of rain, luoiieot tliele fqiialls, the c -i>. ' ereby the Reliilution uasrid- ..1- at anchor, parte, >i .yiuaswe had another leadv to let go.'ihc lliip was cjuickl^ brouglu up again. ' On llie :yrl:,lKi.ing received no account liom Bolabola. Oreo fet out lor that illand, in farch after the defeit- CIS, deliring Captain Cook to follow him, the next day, with the ihips. This w;is the Captain's intention; hji the wind i)revented our getting to fea On the {otii, about fi\e o'clock, V. M. a number of canoes were feen, at a dillance, making towards the Ihips; and asthev ap- proached nearer ue heard tin in ling aiul re|oice, as it the\ had fiicceed'ii ui lindmgvshat the) went in lean li of About lix. tluy came fo nij.',h, that we could dil- cein, with our glalles, the deferters Jatlcned toge- tiier, but without their mitres. 'I'hcy were no looncr brought on boaid, than the ro\ai prifoners were releaf- ed, to the unfpeakable joy of all but the two t'ugitivcs, who were under great apprchenlions of fullering death. 'IJieir punilhment, however, was not fo fcverc as might have been expeOtcd. .S was fentenced to receive 24 l.illies, and M— — was turned before the matt, wher'' he continued to do duty while there was little or nothing to do; but on alking Ibrgivenefs, was icllorcd to his former tlation on the quarter deck. It appeared that their purfuers had litllowed them from one ifiand toai'.jtherfrom Ulietea to Otaha, from Oialu to Bolabola, from Bolabola to the little illand of Too- baec, where they were found, but where we never llioiild havclookvd lor them, hail not the natives traced them out. They were taken by Pihuoc's father, in confequcnce of the firti meffage fent to Opoony. On the 1 (I of IJeccmber, notice was given to the O.a- heitean in'tfcs, that they mull all prepare to depart, the (hip^ being in readinefs to leave the country, aii<), per- haps, never to return to the Society Itlands any more. This news caufed great lamentation and iimcli conUi- (ion. The;, were now at n great dillanc e from home, and every one was eager to get what (he could for lier- felf before (he was parted Ircm her bejoved. Moll of them had already Itript their mates of almoll every thing they [jod'eired, and thofe who hail Hill fomethiiig in refcrve led a fad life till they (liared it with tliefti. It was not till the 7th, to which time wc were contined in the harbour by a contrary wind, th.it we could clear the (hips of thclc tioublefome gentry. f CHAP. COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 507 : ' C H A P. IX. ' 77v Rejolution and Difcovcry kaz'e Ulielca, mid dirc^ ihcir courfc to the ifland of BolaMii — Rniuirks on ihc ptvlfiil ami former JhUe o/Ulietca — TheJ'. of power, but alfo of the rdjied paid by thel'e illaiulers to particular families of princely rank; for they allow Ocroo to retain all the eniigns which are approjiriated by them to royalty, notwithllaiiiiing liU having been depriveil of his do- iiiiiiKins. We oblerved a iimil.ir inllaiue to,this du- ring our (\iy at Ulietea, \»here one ol our occalional viliiants was Captain Cook's old friend Oree, late chief ol Huaheiiic. lie llill maintained his conleiiuence, and was coallantly attended by a numerous retinue. Wc now had a bnik w ind, and directed our courfc to IJolabola, accompanied by Oreo and others from Ulietea; and, indeed, nu,ll of the natives, except the chief, would glully have taken a pallhge with us to England. Our principal reafon for viliting the illand of liolabola was, to procure one of the anchors which had been left at Otaheite by Monlieur Bougainville. This, we were informed, had been afterwards lound by the natives there, and lent by them to Opoony, the chief of Bolabola. It was not on account of our being in want of anchors that wc were anxious to get pol- fclTion of it ; but, having parted with all our hatchets, and other iron implements, in purchaflng rcfreihments, wc were now obliged to create a freili adbrtment of trading articles, by fabricating them from the fpare iron we could Hnil on Iward ; and even the greatclb part of that h.id been alicatjy expended. Captain Cook, therefore, fuppofed Monf. Bougainville's anchor would in a great mcafurc fupply our want of this iifcfui material ; and he did not entertain a doubt that Opoony might be induced to part with it. At fun-let iK-iiig otV the fouth point of Bolabola, we fliortencd fail, and palfed the night mak.iig Ihort boards. On Monday, the 8th, at day-break, we made fail for the harbour, on the well fide of (he illand. Havinij a fcanty wind we were obliged to ply up; and it was nine o'clock before we were near enough to fend away a boat to found the entrance. When the mailer returned with the boat, he reported, that the entrance of the harbour was rocky at the bottom, but that there was good ground within; and the depth of water twenty-five and twenty-feven fathoms. In the chan- nel, he laid, there was room enough to turn the (liips, it being one third of a mile broad. Upon this infor- mation, we attempted to work the Ihips in ; l;ut the wind and tide being againll us, wc made two or three trips, and found it could not be accomplidied till the tide lliDiild turn in our favour. Whereupon the Captain g.ivc up the dclign of carrying the lliips into the har- bour; and, embarking in one of the boats, attended by Oreo and his cuinpanions, was rowed in lor the illand. .Xs foon as they landed, our Commodore was introduced to OijjKm\, (urroundcd by a vail concourfc ot people. The neceflary compliments being ex- changed, the Captain rciiuclled the chief to give him the anchor; and, by way of inducement, producetl the piefcnt he intended for him. It onlilted of a linen night govvn, gauze handkerchiefs a Ihirt, a looking- glals, tome beads, toys, and lix a.\es. Ojioonv, how- ever, relufed to accept the prefent till the Conimodore had received the anclior ; and onlcred three perfons to go and deliver it to him, with directions to receive Irom him what he thought proper in return. With tlule metrcngcrs we let out in our li(i;iis for a neigh- bouring illand, whcic the anchor had been dcpolited, but it was neither lo large nor fo perfect, as we cx- pccled. By the mark that was upon it, we found it had originally weighed I'even hundred pounds, but it now wanted the two palms, the ring, and part of the thank. The reafon of Opoony 's refuliiig Captain Cook's prefent was now apparent : he, doubtlefs, fup- pofed that the anchor, in its prefent flate, was fo much inferior to what was oU'ered in exchange, that when the Captain law it, he would be difpleafcd. The Com- modore, notwithllanding, took the anchor as he found- it, and lent the whole of the prefent which heat firft intended. T his bulincfs being done, and the Captain returned on board, wc hoilled in our boats, and made fail to the north. While we were thus employed, we were vifited by fome of the natives, who came oil' in three or Itnir canoes to fee the fliips. They brought with them one pi-r, and a few cocoa-nuts. Had wc remained at this illand till the next day, wc ihould probably have been ru,jplicd with plenty of provilions; and the natives would, doubtlefs, be dilappointed when they found wc were gone ; but, having already a good ftock of hogs and fruit on board, and not many articles left to purchafe more, we had no inducement left to defer the profci ution of our vciyagc. ' Oteavanooa, the harbour of Bolabola, fituated on the welt lide of the illand, is very capacious ; and, though we did not c.Ucr it. Captain Cook had the fatislaction of being inlbrmcd by thofc employed for the purpofe, that it is a very proper place for the reception of Ihips, Towards the nmldlc of this ifland is a lofty double-peaked mountain, which appeared to be barren on the eafi fide, but on the welt tide lias funic trees and bullies. The lower grounds, tgwards ib« •91 1 1^>^' l'» 'Hit wmm 508 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. the fca, like the other iflands ot this ocean, are covered with cocoa-nalms and bread-fruit ire«M. 1'herc are many little illots that furround it, which add to the number of its inhabitants, and to the amount of its vt'jjtctable produiftions. Confidcring the fniall extent of Bolabola, being only 24 miles in circumference, it iy remarkable that its people fliould have been able to conquer Ulietea and Otaha ; the former being alone more than double its fizc. In each of Captain Cook's three voyages, the war that produced tT\ts great rcvo-' lution was frequently mentionedU and as the hiftory thereof may be an agreeable cntettSiinmcnt to out fub- fcrib'ers, we (hall hcrcgivc it as related by themfclves. Ulietea and Otaha had long been friends; or, asthe natives exprefs Jt emphatically, they were confidcred as two brothers, wriofe views ahd interefts were the fame. The illand of Hva'^einc was alfo admitted as a friend, biit not in fo eminent a degree. Like a traitor, Otaha leagued wi?h Dol.ibola, jointly to attack Ulietea 1 whofe people required ih>; amrtancc of their friends in Hua- ncinc agaii'.ll th* ';.• united powers. The inhabitants of Bolabola were tnit raged by a projihctcfs, who pre- didcd their (acrcl^ and that they might rely on her prophet y, llie dtiired th it a man lliould be fent to a particular nart of the fea, where from a great depth would anic a Ilonc. F c was accordingly fent oif in a canoe to the place fpicificd, and was going inilantly to dive for the 1h)ne, when, behold, it ftartcd up fpon- tancoaflv to the fiirt'ice, and came immediately into his hand ! All the pcojiie were aftoniflicd at the light ; the rtonc was deemed facrcd, and dcpolited in the houfc of the Eatooa, w here it is ftill prclcrvcd, as a proof that this prophctefs was infpircd with the divinity. Ele- vated with the hopes of victory, the caiVftes of Bol.i- bola attacked thofe of Ulietea and, Ihnhcinc; the encounter lafted long, they being laflKd llron^tly to- gether with ropes; and, notwithftanding the pre- tended miracle, the Bolabola Heet would have been vanquiflicd, had not that of Otaha arrived at the critical momert. 1 he fortune of the day was now turned ; victory declared in favour of the Bolaboians ; and their enemies were totally defeated. Two days after, the conquerors invaded Huahcine, which they fubducd, it beiniT weakly defended, as moll of its warriors were fhen'ahfenr. ' Many of its fugitives, however, having got to Otaheitf, there related their melancholy tale. This fo afTteted thofc of their own country, and of Ulietea. vhom they found in that idand, that they obtained their anill'anre. They were furniHicd with only ten fighting canoes ; with which inconfiderablc force tluv c'VeJed a landing at Huaheine in the night ; and, taking the Bolabola men by furprize, killed many of them, and difperfcd the reft. Thus were they again, by one bold effort, polTellcd of their own ifland, whu h at this day remains independent, and is governed by it-; own chiefs. When the combined fltcts of Ulietea and Huaheine were defeated, the men of Bo- laboli were appl.ed to by their allies ot Otaha, to be alloweii M\ equal ihare of the conquells. This being refuled, the alliance broke; and, during the war, Otaha was conquered, as well as Ulietea, both of which remain luhicd to Bolabola; the chiefs by whom they are governed, being only deputies to Ojxxsny, the king of the ifliiuls. Such is their account of the war; and in the reduction of the two illands five battles were foiight, at different places, in which great numbers were kilKii on each fide. We have already obfervcd, that thefe people arc extremely deficient in reeolleoling the exad dates of part events. Refpe^ing this war, though it happened but a few years ago, we could only guefs at the time of its commencement and duration, the natives not being * able to latisfy our enquiries with any prccifion. The (inal conqnell of Ulietea, which terminated the war, had been atcliicved before Captain Cook was there in 1-69; but it was very apparent that peace had not been long relloied, as marks of r'ecent hollilitics having been coiiimittcd were then to be fecn. By attending to the agciif Teerectareca, the prefent chief of Hua- heine, foine additional collateral proof may be gathered. I He did not appear to be more than ten or twelve years of age, and his father, wc were inrormed, had been killed in one of the engagements. Since the conqueft of Ulietea pnd Otaha, the Bolabola men arc confidcred as invincible ; and their fame is fo far ex- tended, that, even at Otahcite, if not dreaded, they are refpedted for their valour. It is aflerted, they never fly from an enemy, and that they arc vidorious againft an equal number of the other iflanders. Thefe afcribc mffch to the fuperiority of their god, who, they believed detained us by contrary winds at Ulietea. The cdi. mation in which tht BdtefWa men arc held at Ota. hcite, may be gathered from M. dc Bougainville's anchor having been fent to their fovereign. The intention of tranfjwrting the Spanifli bull to their ifland, mull be afcribed to the fame caufe. They alfo had a third European curiofity, brought to Otaheiic by the Spaniards. This animal had l>cen fo inipci- fectly defcribed by the natives, that wc had been much puzzled to conjet'lurc what it could be. Seme go, though either of them will do atone. Great care was tak«'n that none of the large blood-vefTcIs remained in the meat ; and that not too much fhould be packed together at the firft fitting, left thofc pieces which are in the middle flionld heat, and hinder the fait from pcncirating them. In tropi- cal climates, meat ought not to be falted in rain-, fultry weather. Euro|Kans having ot late lb frc(|uently vifitcd thefe iflanders, they may, on that account, have been induced to breed a larger UikR of hogs ; knowing that, whenever we come, they may be certain of re- ceiving what they ellecm a valuable conlidcration for them. They daily expect the Spaniards at Otahcite, <•■ and COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, 8cc. 509 and in two or three years time, they will doubtlefs apeA the Englifti there, as well as at the other iflands. It is ufelefs to aflure them that you will not return, for thev fuppofe you cannot avoid it j though none of theiu know or enquire the reafon of jdur coming. It uould, perhaps, have been better for the people to have been ignorant of our fuperiority in the accoinmo dutions and arts that make life comfortable, thail, after oiice knowing it, to be abandoned to their orij^inal incapacity of improvement. They cannot be, indeed, rellorcd to their former happy mediocrity, (l)ould the intercourfc between us be difcontinued. It is in a manner incumbent on the Europeans to pay them occafional vifus (once in three or four years) to fupply them with thofc articles, which we, l)y iiitroducinjr, have given them a predi'.edion for. The want of ftich fupplies may be fevcrely felt, when it k too late to return to their old imperfed contrivance.;, which thev have now difcarded, and dtfpife. When the iron tools with which we furniftied them are worn out, their own will be almoft forgotten. A ftone hatihct is now as ereat a curiofity among them, as an iron one was fevcn or eight years ago ; and a chifTcl made of lione, or llonc, is no where to be fcen. Spike n;iils have been {ubiliiiited in the room of the latter articles, and they are weak enough to im.ij'^ine that their lloro ot them is inexhauftible, for they arc no longer fought alter. Knives happened, at this time, to be in high tlli- iiiation at Ulictea; and axes and hatchets bore un- rivalled fway at all the illands. RefpecUng articles merely ornamental, thefe iflandcrs are as capricious as the moW poliflicd European nations; for an article which maybe prized to-c.'ay will be rejetled to-morrow, as falhion or whim ma/ alter. Hut our iron imple- ments are fo evidently ufefut, that they mull continue to be high in their elHmation. 'I hey wouKl iiuiecd be miferablc, if they Ihould cealc to receive fupplies of what appears necclfary to their con)fortable exillence, as thiy arc deftitutc of the nuteriais, and ignorant of t!ic ait of fabricating thcin. Much has already been rchited rcfpc'^ing Otahcitc; which though not comprehended in the number ot uti.vt we have denonunated the -Society Illands, )et, hcing inhabited by the fame race of meii, agreeing in the lame leading features of charaiiUr and manneiii, it «as fortunate that we happened to difcover this prin- iipal ifland before the others, as the holpitablc recep- tion we there met with, led us to make it the principal pi,ieeof refort, in our fiicccirive \oyagcs to this p.ut of the Pacific Ocean. By our repeated ulits, we have tiid better opportunity of knowing fiimething about it and its inh.ibitants, than about the other limilar, but l:fs conlidcrablc illands in its vicinity. Of thefe Litter, however, wc have feen enough to fatisty us, th.it all we have obferved of Otahcite may, with trilling alte- rations, be applied to them. During our tontiniKnice It thefe iflands, we loll no opportunity of making allronomical and nautical obfervations. At Otahcite ami Ulietea we particularly remaiked the tide, with a view of afcertaining its grandell rile at the former place. Alfo, by the mean of 145 lets of obfervations, we determined the latitude and longitude of the thiee following places. Mauvai Point, at Oi-ihcitc 17* JQ' 15' S.lat. 2io* 22' 2RE.ton. 0»liarrch.\rlH)iir,atHuahcinc 16 41 4? JoS 52 24 Uhamaneno ditto, at Llietca 16 45 30 208 2; 12 It may be thought by fome, the illand of Otaheite his been already and fii often accurately defcribcd, and the manners, cuftoms, and ways of living of the inhabitants, fo amply enlarged upon, in our hiflory of former voyages, that little remams to be added : but, there arc lUll, however, many parts of the domeflic, political, and religious inllitutionsof the natives, whi(h, alter all our vifits to them, arc but imperledlly under- llooil ; and we doubt not, but that the following remarks, for which wc arc indebted to the ingenious Mr. Anderfbn, and which may be conlidered as finifli- ing flrokc* to a picture, the outlines of which have been already given, will be highly acceptable to our No. 62. numerous friends and fubfcribcrs, who, by their kind en'ouragement 6( this work, have given the ftiOngefl teflimony in its favour. " To what has bccrt obferved of Otahcite (fays Mr, Andcrfon) in the accotints of the fucceflive voyages of Captain Wallis, Mi do Bougainville, and Captairt '. ook, it would, at firft (ightj item fupcrfluous to add anything; as it might be fuppofcd, that little could now be produced, but a repetition of what has been related before. 1 ain, however, far fiom being of that opinion ; and will venture to affirm, that, though i very accurate defcription of the country, and of the moft obvious cuftoms of its inhabitantsj has been al- ready given, cfpccially by Captain Cook, yet much Hill remains untouched : that in fome inflances, mil- takes have been made, which later and repeated obfervations have been able to rcdify ; anc'. thar, Cven npw, we are flrangcrs to many of the moft important iiiflitiitions that prevail among tliefe people. The truth is, our vilits, though frequent, have been but tranfient : many of us had no inclination to make en- quiries ; more wire unable to direct the enquiries pro- perly ; and we all laboured, though not to the fame ilegrce, under the difadvantages attending an imperfect kuowleiige of the language of thofe, from whom alone we coiikl receive any mformation. The Spaniards had it more in their power to furmount this bar to iii- flrudion ; fome of them having relided at Otaheite much longer than any other European vifitors ; by which fuperior advantage, they could not but have had an opportunity of obtaining the lulleft informiftion on molt fubjeds relating to this illand : tlicir account rif it would, probabli, convey more authentic and .'iccu- ratc intell'igence, than, with our belt endeavours, any of us could polllbly obtain. But, as I look upon it to be very uncertain, if not very unlikely, that we Ihould ever have any communication from that quarter, I have here put together what additional intelligence about Otaheite, and its neighbouring iflands, 1 was able to procure, citlier from Omai, while on boaid the Re- folut^on, or by conveiling with the other natives, while wc had any intercourfc, and were converfant with them. " The wind, for the greateftpart of the year, blows from between the E. S. E. and E. N. E. This is the true trade wind, or what the natives call maanieO; and it fonietimrs blows with confiderable force; Wheil, this happens, the weather is often cloudy, with fhowers of rain j hut w hen the wind is more moderate, it is clear, fettled, and Icrcne. .Should the wind veer farther to the fouthward, and become S E. or S. S. E. it then blows more gently, with a fmooth fca, anil rs called niAoai. In thefe months, when the fim is nearly vertical, that is in December and January, the winds and weather are ooth very variable ; but it frequently blows fiom \V. N. \V. or N. W. This wind, called Tociou, is generally attended by dark, cloudy weather, and frequently by rain. It fometimes blows ftrong, though generally moderate; but feldom lafls longer than (ix il.iys without interiuptiou; and is the only wind in which the people of the illands to leeward come to this, in their canoes. If it happens to bd Hill more northerly, it blows with lefs llrength, and is called Eia-potaia ; which they fay is the wife of Toerou, w ho, according to their mythology, is a male. The wind from the S. VV. and W. S. W. is ftill mor« frequent than the former, and though, iti general, gentle, and interrupted by calms, or breezes from the eaftward, yet it fometimes blows in brilk fqCiaUs; The weather attending it is commonly daik, cloudy* and rainy, w ith a clofe hot air ; ant) accompanied by a great deal of thunder and lightning. It is called Etoa, and often fuccecds the Toerou > as doet alfo the Faroo3| which is ftill more foutherly ; and, from its violence^ blows down houfes and trees, efpecially the cocao- palms, from their loftinefs ; but it is of lliort durationi The natives feem not to have a very accurate know- ledge of thefe changes, and yet pretend to have drawn fome general conclufions from their cttcds j for when the fen has a hollow found, Hitd cblflici Hewly 0:i the 6 N reeC m > l-fao. Clapt. COOKs VOVAGES COMPLETE. reef, they Tay it portends good weather ; but if it has a (harp fouhd, and the lvavc$ fuccced each other fad, that the i-everfe wilt hipperi. " There is, perhaps, fcarccly a fpbt ih the univcrfc.that dflf.irds a inore luXuridnt profptdt than the S. E. part of the iflahd of Otaheite. The hills ixt high aiid Ikcp, ftnd in ttiany plilces, craggy: btit thty are covered to the Very furtimits, <»ith trees rfnd (hrub^,fo that a fpcdUtor cannot help thinking, that the very rock& poifcfs the property of producing and (bpporting their verdant clothing. The flat land which bounds thofe hills to- ward the fea, and the interjacent valleys alfoj teem w ith various produdlions that grow with the moft exuberant vigour; and, at once, fill the mind of the beholder with the idea, that no place on the earth can excel this, in the ftrcngth and beauty of vegetation. Nature has been no lefsTiberal in diftributing rivulets, which arc found in every valley ; and as they approach the fea, often divide into two or three branches, fertilizing the flat lands through which they run. The habitations of the natives are fcattercd without order, upon thcl'c flats; and many of them appearing toward the (hore. prefented a delightful fcenc, viewed from our lliips; cfpccially as the fea, within the reef, which bounds the coaft, is perfedlly ftill, and affords a fafe navigation, .it all times, for the inhabitants, who arc often fcen pad- dling in their canoes indolently along, in pafllng from place io place, or in going to filh. On viewing thefe delightful fcenes, 1 have often regretted my inability to tranfmit to thofe who have had no opportunity of ice- tng them, fuch a dcfcription as might, in fome mca- fure, convey an imprcflion fimilar to what muft be fell by every one, who has been fortunate enough to be on the fpot. " It is, doubtlefs, the natural fertility of the country, combined with the mildnefs and ferenity of the climate, thiit rgndersthe natives fo carelcfs in their cultivation, that, in tnany places, though alwunding with the richcil produdlions, the fmalled tra( cr, of it cannot be obfervcle food; and I believe, more parti- cularly, the Mahce, or fermented bread-fruit, which is a part of almoll every meal, has a remarkable effect on them, preventing a coflivc habit, and producing a very fenlible coolnel's alx)ut them, which could not be perceived in us who fed on animal food, and it is, per- haps, owing to this temperate courfe of life, that they have fo few difeafes among them. They jeckon only five or fix, which might be called chronic, or national diforders; among which are thedropfy, and rlie Mi\, or indolent fwcllings, frequcntat Tongutahoo. But this was before the arrival of the liuroiJcans ; (or we have added to this fliort catalogue a difeale which abundantly fup- plics the place of all other?, and is now almoft univer- fal. For this they fcem to have no effectual remedy. The priefts, indeetl, give them a medley of fimplcs; but they own that it never cures them. And yet, they allow that, in a few cafes, nature, without the alTtrtante of a phyfician, exterminates the poifon of this fatal difcu-der, and a perfcil recovery is produced. " Their behaviour, on all occafions, feems tq indicate* great opennefs, and generofity of difjjofition. OjT«iah, indeed, who. as their countryman, (hould be fuppofed rather willing to (»nceal any of their dcfedls, has often faid, that they are fometimcs cruel in »he treatment of their cntmiics. According to his aqrount they torment them 4» wV-..-: '■.;;•-■<■. -..'^M-^i^M ■■"■-X'.'iK t, COOK'S THIRD and LAST*VoYAGE— To fhe PACIFIC OCEAN. &c. 5" them very ddiberatelv; at one time tearing out fmall pieces of flelhfrom different parts; at another taking outthecyes; then cuttincoff the nofc; and laftly, kill- Tng them by ripping up the ixlly. But this only hap- pens on particular occafions. If cheerfulnefs argues a confcious innocence, one would fuppole that their life isfeldomfullicd with crimes. This, however, I rather impute to their feelings, which, though lively, fccm in no cafe permanent ; for I never faw them in any mis- fortune, labour under the appearance of anxiety, after the critical moment was pau. Neither does care ever feem to wrinkle their brow. On the contrary, even the approach of death does not appear to alter their ufual vivacity. I have feen them when brought to the brink of the grave by difcafe, and when preparing to go to battle; but, in neither cafe, ever obferved their coun- tenances over clouded with melancholy or ferious re- Hcdion. Such a difpofition leads them to direct all their aims only to what can give them pleafure and eafc. Their aniufements all tend to excite and continue amor- ous paffions, and their fongs, of which they are immo- derately fond, anfwer the lame purpofc. But as a con- l>»nl fucceffion of fenfual enjoyments muft clov, we found they frequently v.'.ried them to more refined fub- ic(fls, and had much pleafure in chanting their triumphs in war, and their occupations in )>cacei their travels to other iflands, and adventures t ere; and the peculiar beauties, and fuperior advantages of their own ifland over the relf,or of different parts of it over other lefs favourite diftridls. This marks their great delight in nuific ; and though they rather exprcfTcd a diflike to our complicated compofitions, yet were they always de- lighted' with the more melodious founds produced linglyon our inflruments, as approaching nearer to the liniplicity of their own. Neither arc they ff rangers to ihcfoothingelTids produced by particular forts of mo- tion, which, in fomc cafes, feen» to allay any perturba- tion of mind, with as much fuccefs as mufic. Of this I met with a remarkable inHance: for walking, one dav.about Matavai point, where our tents were creded, I law a man paddling, in a fmall canoe, fo quickly, and looking about him w ith fuch cagcrnefs on each fide, as to coiniiiand all my attention. At firfl, I imagined that he h:id flolen foinething from one of the fhips, and was purfucd; but, on waiting patiently, faw him repeat his aiiiufcment. He went out from the (hore, till he was near the place where the fwell begins to take IIS rife; and, watching its firft motion very attentively, puddled before it, with great quicknefs, till he found (hat it ovcnonk him, and acquired fufficicnt force to tarry his canoi' before it, without pafllng underneath. Hcthen fat nu>tionlefs,and was carried alongat the fame luil't rate as the wave, till it landed him on the beach. Then he flarted out, emptied his canoe, and went in fcarch of another fwell. I could not help concluding, that this man felt the moft fupreme pleafure, while he was driven on, fo fafl and fo fmoothly, by the fea ; ef- pccially as, though the tents and mips were fo near, he did not feem in the Icafl to envy, or even to take any notice of the crowds of hii countrymen, colledled to view them as objeds that were rare and curious. Dur- ing my ftay two or three of the natives came up, who ftemed to fliarc his felicity, and always called out, when there was an appearance of a favourable fwell, as he runietinie.'i miffed it, by his back being turned, and looking about for it. By them I undertiood, that this excrciie, which is callea ehorooe, was frequent among thcin I and they have probably more amufements of this fort, which afford them, at lead, ai much pleafure as (kaiting. " The language of Otaheite, though doubtlefs radi rally the fame with that of New Zealand, and the 1 riendly Ifles, is deflitute of chat guttural pronuncia- tion, and of fomc confonants, with ivhich tnofe latter diaicfts abound. The fpccimcns we have already given, arc rufPicient to mark wherein the vai lation chiefly con- lids, and to ihew, that, like the manners of the inhabit- antjt, it has become foft and foothtng. During the for- mer voyage, I had collcdlcd a copious vocabulary, which enabled mc the better to compare this diaica with that of the other iflands ; and, during this voyage, I took every opportunity of improvenunts by con- yerfing with Omiah before we arrived, and by my daily intercourfe with the natives, while we now rcinaincd there." (In our hiffory of Captain Cook's former voy- age, wc have given to the public very copious fpecj- mcns of the language of Otaheite, New Zealand, Sec. which wc flatter ourfelves will be thought fufficient for their information, amufement, and every ufeful pur- pofe.) " It abounds with beautiful and figurative expref- lions, which were itperfedlly known, would, I make no doubt, put it upon a level with many of the languages that arc mofl in cfleem for their warm and bold images. Forinflance; theOtaheiteans exprefs their notions of death very emphatically, by faying, " That the foul goes into darknefs; or rather into night." And if you you feem to entertain any d()ubt, in afking thequcffion, " If fuch a perfon is their mother?" they immediately reply, with lurprizc, " Yes, the mother that bore mc." They have one exprcllion, that correfponds exadlly with the phrafeology of the fcriptures, where we read of the " yearning of the bowels." They ufe it on all occafions, when the pafTions give them uneafinefs ; as they conflantly refer pain from grief, anxious defirc, and other affedtions, to the bowels, as its feat; where they fuppofe all the operations of the mind arc per- formed. Their language is fo copious, that for the bread-fruit alone, in its different ftates, they have above twenty names; as many for the taro rcot; and about ten for the cocoa-nut. Add to this, that befides the common dialed, they often expoftulate, in a kind ol f^anza, or recitative, which is anfwered in the fame manner. " Their arts are few and fimple; yet,if wc may crrtii them, they perform cures in furgery, which our extcii- fivc knowledge in that branch has not, as yet, enabled us to imitate. In fimple fradures, they bind them up with fplents; but if part of the fubflanccofthc bone be loff, they infert a piece of wood between the fradured ends, made hollow like the deficient part. In five or fix days, the rapano,or furgeon, infpects the wound, and finds the w ood partly co\ cred with the growing flefh. In as many more days, it is generally entirehr covered; after which, when the patient has acquired fomc ffrength, he bathes in the water, and recovers. Wc know that wounds will heal over leaden bullets ; and fomctimes, though rarely, over other extraneous bodies. But what makes mc en- tertain fomc doubt of the truth of fo extraordinary fkilf, as in the above-mentioned inllance, is, that in other cafes that fell under my own obfervation, they are far from being fo dextrous. I have feen the flump of an arm, which was taken off, after being fhattered by a fall from a tree, that bore no marks of fkilful operation, though fome allowance be made for their defedivc in- ff ruments : aftd I met with a man going about with a diflocated fliouldcr, fomc months after the accident, from their being ignorant of the method to reduce it; though this be coniidered as one of the fimplcfl opera- tions of our furgery. They know fradures or luxations of the fpine are mortal, but not fradures of the fkull ; and they likcwife know, from experience, in what part of the body wounds prove fatal. They have fometimes pointed out thofe innidet by fpears, which, if made in the diredion they mentiuned, would certainly have been pronounced deadly by us ; and yet thefc people would have recovered. Their phyfical knowledge feems more conlined, and that, probably, becaufe their dif- eafes are fewer than their accidents. The pricfls, howv ever, adminifler the juices of the herbs in fomc cafes; and women who are troubled with after-pains, or other diforders, the confequences of child-bearing, ufc a re- medy which one would think needlefs in a hot countiy. They firA heat ftones, as when they bake their food ; then they lay a thick cloth over them, upon which i* put a quantity of a fmall plant of the mulhrdkind; and thefc arc covered with another cloth. Ubon thia they feat themfelves, and fwcat plentifully to obtain a cure. They have no emetic medicine. " Notwithflanding the extreme fertility of the "fland, a famine frequently happens, in which, it is faid, many perifh. 512 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGE? COMPLETE. perifli. Whether this be owing to the failure of fomc frafons, to overpopulation, which muft fomctimcs al- moft neCcflarily happen, or to wars, I haVc not been able to determine ; though the trlith ' of the iUdt may fciriybc infcrrcrt, from the ereat ceconomjr that they obfcrve with refpcd to their food, even when there is plenty. In times of fcarcity, after their bread-fruit and yams are confumed, they have rccourfc to various roots which grow, without cultivation, upon the moun- tains. The patarra, which is found iti vaft quantities, is what they ufc firft. It is not unUke a very large po- tatoeor yam, and good when in its growing ftatei but, when old, is full of hard ftringy fibres. They then eat two other roots; one not unlike thetaro; and laftly, the ehoee. This is of two forts; one of them pofTcf- fing deleterious qualities, which obliges them to (lice and macerate it in water, a night before they bake and cat it. In this rcfpcfl it rcfcmbles thecaifava root of the VVcft-Indics; but it forms a very infipid, moift pafte, in the manner they drcfs it. However, I have fccn them cat itat times when no fuch fcarcity reigned. Both this and the paiarra arc creeping plants; the laft, with tcr- natc leaves. Of animal food, a very finall portion falls, at any time, to the (bare of the lower clals of people; and then it is cither fifli, fca-eggs, or other marine pro- ductions; for they fddoni or ever eat pork. The crce de hoi, (as Mr. Anderfon calls the king, but which word Captain Cook writes eree rahie) is, alone, able to furnilb pork every day; and inferior chiefs, according to their riches, once a wcik, fortnight, or month. Sometimes they are not even allowed that; for, when the illand is impoveriflied by war, or other caufcs, the chief prohibits his fubjedls to kill any hogs; and this prohibition, we are told, is in force, wmetimes, for fe- veral months, or even for a year or two. During that eonftraint, the hogs multiply fofaft, that there arc in- ftances of their changing their domeftic ftatc, and turn- ing wild. When it is thought proper to take off the prohibition, all the chiefs aflcmbic at the king's place of abode; and each brings with him a prefent of hogs. The king then orders fome of them to be killed, on which they fcaftj and, after that, every one returns home with liberty to kill what he pleafes for his own ufe. Such a prohibition was adtually in force, on our laft arrival here; at leaft, in all thofe diftrids of the illand that are immediately under the dircdion of Otoo. And, left it (hould have prevented our going to Matavai, after leaving Oheitcpcha, hefent a mefTagcto allure ys, that it fliould be taken oft', as foon as the lliips arrived there. With refpedl to us, we found it fi); but we made fuch a confumption of them, that, I have no doubt of it, it would be laid on again, as foon as \vc failed. A ilmilar prohibition is alio, fometimes, extended to fowls. It is alfo among the better fort, that the ava is chiefly ufed. But this beverage is pre- pared fomewhat differently from that which wc faw fo much of at the Friendly Iflands : for they pour a very fmall quantity of water upon the root here ; and fomc- timcs ro.ift, and bake, and bruifc the ftalks, without rhewing it fircvioufty to its infufion. They alfo ufe the leaves of the plant here, w hich are bruiftd, and wa- ter poured upon them, as upion the root, l^irgc com- panies do not alFcmblc to drink it, in that fociahle way which is practifid at Tongataboo. But its pernicious ciVeds arc more obvious here; perhaps, owing to the manner of preparing it ; as wc often faw inftances of Its intoxicating, or rather ftupifying powers. Some of us, who had been at thefe iftands before, were furprizcd to find many people, who when we faw them laft, were remarkable for their fr/.c and corpulency, now almoft reduced to Ikclctons, and, upon enquiring into the caufc of this alteration, it was univerfally allowed to be the ufe of the ava. The fkins of thefe people were rough, dry, and covered with fcalcs, whicn, they fay, every now and then fall off, and their (kin is, as it were, renewed. As an excufc for a pradticc fo dcftrudive, they alledgc, that it is adopted to prevent their grow- ing too fat; but it evidently enervates them; and, in all probability fhortens their days. As its cffedls had not been fo viliblc, during our former vifits, it is not 1 unlikely, that this article of luxury had never been fo much abufed as at this time. If it continues to be fafliionabic, it bids fair to dcftroy great numbers. " The times of eating, at Otahcite, arc very frequent Their firft meal, (or rather, as it may be called) their laft, as they go to ftecp after it, is about two o'clock in the morning! and the next is at eight. At eleven they dine: and again, as Omiah exprcflcd it, at two, and a: five ; and fup at eight, in this article of domeftic life, they have adopted fomc cuftoms that arc exceed- ing whimfical. The women, for inftance, have not only the mortification of being obliged to eatbythcin- felves, and in a different part of the houfe from the iTien; but, by a ft range kind of policy, are excluded from a fliare of moll of the bctterforta of food. They are not permitted to tafte turtle, nor fifti of the tunnv kind, which is much eftcemed ; nor fome particulnr forts of the bcft plantains; and it is very (eldom that even thofe of the firft rank eat pork. The children of each fex alfo eat apart; and the women, generally, ferve up their own viduals; for they would certainly ftarve, before any grown man would do them futh a fcrvice. In this, as well as in fome other cuftoms re- lative to their eating, there is a myftcrious condiiih, which wc could never thoroughly compreheni!. Wlicii wc enquired into the rcafons of it, we could grt no other anfwcr, but that it is right and ncccflary it lliouiil be fo. In other cuftoms, rcfcciling the females, ihcrc fcems to be no obfcurity; elpccially as to their con- neflions with the men. If a young man and woman, from mutual choice, cohabit, the man giyes the fatliirof the girl fuch things as arc necclTary in common life, as hogs, cloth, and canoes, in proportion lo the time they are together; and if he thinks that he has not liccn fufficiently paid for his daughter, he makes no fcrupic of forcing her to leave her friend, and to cohabit with ano- ther ficrfon who may be more liberal. The man, on his part, is always at liberty to make a new choice; but ftiould his confort become pregnant, he may kill the child ; and after that, either continue his conncclion with the mother, or leave her. But if he fliould adopt the child, and fuftcr it to live, the parties arc then con- lidercdas in the married ftatc, and they commonly live together ever after. However, it is thought no crime in the man to join* more youthful partner to his tin! wife, and to live with both. Their cuftom of chang- ing their connexions is, however, much more general than this laft) and it is a thing fo common, that they fpcak of it with great indifference. 'Ihc crrcocs are only thofe of the better fort, who, from their ficklcncfs, and their poftciring the means of purchafing frclh con- neifions.arecoiiftantly roaming about; and, from hav- ing no particular attachment, feldom adopt the more fettled method mentioned above. And fo agreeable is this licentious manner of life to their difpolition, that themoft beautiful of both fexes thus commonly fpend their youthful d.iys, habituated to the pradticc of" enor- mities, which would difgracc the moft favage tribes; but are peculiarly (hocking among a people whofe ge- neral character, in other refpcds, has evident traces of the prevalence of humane and tender feelings. Whea an crreoc woman is delivered of a child, a piece of cloth dipped in water, is applied to the mouth and nofc, which fuftbcates it. As in fuch a life, their wo- men muft contribute a very large (hare of its happincfs, it is rather furpriiing, bcfides the humiliating rcftraints they arc laid under with regard to food, to find them often treated with a degree of har(hnefs, or rather bru- tality, which one would fcarccly fuppofe a man would beftow, on an objed for whom he had the leaft aft'ec. tion. Nothing, however, is more common, than to fee the men beat them without merry; and unlefs this treat- ment is the cffed of jealoufy, which both fexes, at leaft, pretend to be fometimes infeded with, it will be dilTi- cult to account for it. It will be lefs diflicult to ad- mit this as the motive, as I have fccn feveral inftances where the women have preferred perfonal beauty to in- , tcrcft ; though I muft own, that even in thefe cafes, they Teem fcarccly fufceptibic of thofe delicate fentiments, that are the rsfiiUof mutual 4dredioni and, I believe, that COOK'S THIRD ami LAST VOYAGE— To the PACII'IC OCEAN, &:c. 5'3 •ehem!. Wlnu that there is Icfs platonic love in Otahcitc, than in any other country. " Their religious fyftcm is cxtcniivc, and, in many iiiflanccs, fingular ; but few of the common people have a pcifed knowledge of it 1 that hcing confined chieHy to their pricfls, who ai : pretty numerous. They do pot feem to p;iy refpetlt o one god as polRning pie- fininence ; but believe in a plurality of divinities, v*ho .ire all very pnwerful; and, in this cafe, as ditferent parts of the illand, and the other illands in tiic neigh- bourhood, have ditlcrent ones, the inhabitants of each, no doul t, think that they have chofcn the moll emi- nent, or, at leaH,one who is invetled with power fulli- cieiit to proteft them, and to fiipply all their wants. If he (liould not anfwer their expectations, they think it no impiety ti change; as has very lately happened at Ti«ral)»o, wh, re, i;i the room of two liivuvitits foi- merlyhonourcd.Olla.godof Ijolahola, has been ailopted, I rtiould fuppofe, becaufe he is the proiei'for of a peo- ple who have bi.en victorious in war ; and as, lince they have made this change, they have been very luccefslul themfelves againrt the inhahitan;s of Otaheite-nooe, thfv impute it tntirely to Olla, who, as tliey literally li'.y, figlits their battles. Their alliduity in ferving their pojs is remarkably confpicuous. Not only the whattas, or (itVtring places of the moiais, arc commonly loadeil with fiuitsand aiiimaK ; but there are few houl'es where you do not meet w ith a fmall place of the fame fort near them. Many of thchi are lit rigidly fcrupulous, that thfv will not begin a iikmI, without (itil laying i.lide a inorfel for tlieeatooa; and we had an opportunity dur- iiV'this vo)agc, ol I'ceing their lliperllitious zeal carried to a pernicious height, in the inllance of human facri- ficcs, the oc( aliims ot otic ring which, I doubt, aie too frequent. IVrhaps, they have rvcoiirfe to them when misliirtuiies occur; for they alked, if one of our men, whohappencil to be confined, when we were detained by a contrary wind, was taboo? '1 heir prayers are alfo very frequent, which they chant, much after the man- ner of the longs in ihiir fcllive entertainments. And thewnmen, as in other cafes, arc alfo obliged to Diew their inferiority in religious obfcrvances; for it is re quired ot' them, that they Ihiiiid p.irtly uncover them- Idves, as tIu-> [lat-^ tiie monis; or take a conlidcMble circuit to avoid them. Though they have nr) notion, tlut their i',od mull always beconlerriiig benefits, >^itll- out fometimes forgetting ihcm, or liillering evil to bc- Cil theui, they feem to regard this lefs than the attempts of Ionic more inaufpicious beinj^ to hurt them. 'I'hey tell us, that etce is an evil fp'rit, who fometimes docs us nulchief, and to w!iom, as well as to their good being, they make olfi-rings. Hut the mifchicls they ap- prehend from any fuperior invilible agi nts, are con- fined to things merely temporal. I'liey bcliese the foul to be both immaterial aiui imnioital. They fay, that it keeps tlurtering about the lips during tlie panics of death; and that then it afcend.s ;.Md mixes with, or, as they cxprefs it, is eaten by the deny. In this Hate it remains for (time time; alter whi ii, it departs to n certain place dellined lor the reception of the fouls of men, where it cxills in eternal nigl't ; or, as they fome- times fay in twilight, or dawn. Ihey have no idea of any permanent punilliment after death, tor crimes they have committeil on earth; for the fouls of gootl and b.id men arc eat indifcriminately by the deity ; but they certainly conlider this coalition with him as a kind of piirilication necellary to be undergone, before they en- ter into a rtate of blifs ; tor according to their doctrine, if a man refrain from all connedion with women fome months before death, he palles immediately into his eternal manfion, without luch a previous union, as if already, by this abftinencc, he were pure enough to be exempted from the general lot. They arc, how ever, far from entertaining fuch fublime conceptions of hap- pincfs, which our rnigion, and, indecd| reafon, gives us room to expert hereafter. The only great pri\ilege they feem to think they Ihall acquire by death, is im- mortality, for they fpeak of fpirits being, in fomc mca- furc, not totally diverted of thofe pallions which aclu- No. 63. i-S'.-i ' atcd them when combined with material vehicles. Thus if fouls, who were formally enemies, llioiild meet, they h:'Ve many cor.ilit'ls; though itfbould feciii, to nn purpol- ,a3 tluy arj accounted invulnerable in this invi- lible Hate, 'i'hcre is a limilar real'oning with regard to ;i man annccs of the moon; particujaily when lying horiidrl'* 6 O tM/t m i< '« '^!t: .S>4 Capt. C O () K 's VOYAGES CO M 1' L K V H, t;illy,or luucli inclined on the convex part, on its firft apiKiirancc after the clianj^e, they arc cncouragrd to en- g,i)ic in war, with cinilideiueof fucccfs. " They havetnulitionsconcerning the creation, which, ns might be cxpcOied, are complex, and clouded with oblViirity. Thcv fay, that agoddcCs having a lump or mafs of earth fuipcnded in a cord, gave it a fwing, and fcattered about pircLs of land, thus creating Oiahcite ami the nt-iglUiour iig illands. They have alfo no- tions of a uiiiv(rr.il (nation, and of lands, of uhich they have now nil nthcr knowledge than what is mcn- tioniil in thrif traditions. Their moll remote account reaches to I'aiooina and 'I'apuppa, male and female (lones or \oc\is, who fiipport the mafs of land and wa- ter, or (Hir globe umlerne.iih. Thefe produced Totorro, who was killed, and diviiltd into land; and, after him, Otaia and Oroo wire begotten, who afterward were inarricil, and produced lirll land, an I then a race of gods. Dtaia is killed, and Oroo marries a god, her fon, called Teorraha, whom flic orders to create more land, the animals, and all forts of food, found upon the earth; as alio the Iky, which is fupported by men called 'leeferei. The fpots obferved in the moon, arc fuppofed to be groves of a lort of trees which once grew in Otahcitc, and being dellroycd by fomc acci- d.-nt, their feeds wcie earned up thither by doves, where thcv now riourilli. •• They have alfo many legends, both hillorical and re- ligious, one of which, relative to the praiiticcof eating human' tlelh, 1 lliallgive the fublbiK e of, as a fpccimcn of their methml. A long time liiue, there lived in Oialieite t*vo men, called Tahecai ; the only name they yet have for cannibals. None knew from whence they ramc, or in what manner they arrived at the ifland. 'I'heir habitation was in the mountains, from whence thev ufcd to illlie, and kill many of the natives, whom thev afterwards devoureil,and, by that means, prevented the progrcfs of population. Two brothers being de- terinmed to rid their country of Inch a formidable enemy, ufctl a l\ratagem for their dellrudion, with fun els'. Thefe liveii farther ui)ward than the 'I'ahccai, and in fuch a lituation, that they could fpeak with them, without greatly hazarding their own fafety. They in- vited them to ac cept of an entertainment, that Ihould be provided for them, to which thefe readily confentcd. The brothers then taking fomc Hones, heated them, and thrull iuT them into pieces of mahee, delired one of the Tahceai% open his mouth. On which, one of thde pieces was droppcil in, and foine water poured down, which made a lK).luig or hifling noife, in quenching the rtonc, and killed hiiii. They intrcated the other to do the lame; but he declined it, reprefenting the confc- uuencts of his companion's eating. However they af- Hired him, that the food was excellent, and its elfctlts oniy temporary; for that the other would foon recover. His credulity was fuch, that he fwallowed the bait, and Iharcd the fate of the lirlh The natives then cut them in pieces, which they buried; and conferred the govern- ment of the illand on the brothers, as a reward for deli- vering ihem from fuch monllcrs. Their relidencc was in the dillrict called Whapaneenoo; and to this day there remains a bread-fruit-tree, once the property ot the Taheeais. They had alfo a woman, who lived with them, and had two teeth of a prodigious inc. After the\ vverc killed, (lie lived at the illand Otaha, and, when dead, was ranked among their deities. She did not cat huMian flefli, as the men ; but, from the (ize of her teeth, tl-.- natives (I ill call any aiunial that has a-ficrcc appearance, or is reprcfented w ith large tufks, Tahceai. Evc-y one mull allow, that this ftory is ju(l as natural as that of Hercules dertroying the Hydra, or the more modern one of Jack, the giant killer: nor do I find, that there is any moral couched under it, any more than under moll old fables of the fame kinO. which have bv.-cn lecc vcd as truths only during the preva- lence of the fai-le ignorance that marked the character of the ap;cs in which they were invented. It, however. Ii;n not been improperly infoduced, as fcrving to cx- niersthc horror and detellation entertained hcre.againft (hole 'A li ) feed on human ficlh. And, yet, from fomc 2 c ircumflanccs, I have been led to think, that the na- tives ol iheic dies were formerly cannibals. Upon alk- ing Omiah, he denied it Uoutly; yet mentioned a fa^, within his own knowledge, which almoU conhrnisfueh an opinion. When the people of Bolabola, one time, defeated thofc of Huaheine, a great number of his kinfinen were flain. But one of his relations had, af- terward, an opportunity of revenging himfelf, when the Bolabola men were worfled in their turn, and cutting a piece out of the thigh of one of hi» enemies, he broiled audeiH it. I havc,alfo, frequently confidered the oft'ering of the pel foil's eye, who is facrificcd, and olfercd to the chief, as a vetligc of a cullom which once really ex- ited to a greater extent, andisftill commemorated by this emblematical ceremony. " The being inverted with the maro, and the prcfiding at human facriliccs, feem to be peculiar charaderillici of the fovercign. To thefe, perhaps, may be added tlie blowing a conch-fliell, which produces a very loud found. On hearing it, all his fubjeCls arc obliged to bring food of every fort to his royal refidcnce, in proportion to their abilities. On fomc occalions, they carry their ve- neration for his very name, to an extravagant and very dcdrudivc pitch. For if, on his accellion to the maro, any words in their language be found to have a rcfem- blancc to it in found, they arc changed lor others ; and if any man behold enough not to comply, and continue to ulie thofc words, not only he, but all his relations, are immediately put to death. The fame fcvcrity is exer- ^cifed toward thofc who fliall prcfume to apply this ti- ered name to any animal. And, agreeably to this ciil- tom of his countrymen, Omiah tiled to cxpreis his in- dignation, that the I'.nglilh flioiild give tnc names of prince or princefs to their favourite dogs or horfes. But while death is the punilhmcnt for making free wi'' he 'lame of their fovereign, if abiife be only Ic- \ at his government, the oHender efcapes w ith the Ion .:urc of land and houfcs. The king never cnteri the houfe of any of his lubicdls, but has in every dif- tridt, where he vifits, houfcs belonging to himfell. And if, at any time, he ftjould be obliged, by accident, to deviate from this rule, the houfc thus honoured with his prcfencc, and every part of its furniture, is burnt. His fubjecU not only uncover to him, when prefcnt, down to the waid i but if he be at any particular place, a pole, having a piece of cloth tied to it, is fet up I'omc- whcrc near, to which they pay the fame honours. Hij brothers arc alfo intitled to the firll part of the cere- mony J but the women only uncover to the females of the royal family : in (hort, they feem even fupcrlbtious in their refpcdt to him, and elleeni his perfon little lefs than facrcd. And it is, perhaps, to thcfccircumftances, tiiat he owes the (}uirt poflcllion of his dominions. For even the people of Tiaralxx) allow him the fame ho- nours as his right; though at the fame time, they look upon their own chief as more (mwcrful; anti fay, that he would fuccecd to the government of the whole illand, (hould the prefcnt reigning family become ex- tin:l. This is the more likely, as Wahciadooa not only poirelfes Tiaraboo, but many diftricts of Opoorcano. His territories, therefore, arc almoll equal, in extent, to thofeof Otoo; and he has, belides, the advantage of a more |)oputous and tirtile part of the illand. His fub- jciibi, alio, have given proofs of their fuperiority; by frequent vidorics over thofc of Otaheite-notx", whom they art'ecl to fpeak of as contemptible warriors, eafily to be worded, if, at any time, their chief fhould witli to put it to the tell. " The ranks of people, bcfides thecree dc hoi, and his family, arc the erccs, or powerful chiefs; the mana- huune, or valFals; and the tcou or toutou, fcrvants, or rather flavcs. 'I'hc men of each of thefe, according to the regular inftitution, form their connedions with wo- iTien of .heir refpeCtivc ranks; but if with any inferior one, which frequvntiy happens, and a child be born, it is prcfcrvcd, and has the rank of the father, unlcfs he happens to be an crcr, in which calc it is killed. If a woman of condition Ihould chufc an inferior perfon to officiate as an hulband, the children he has by her are killed: and Ihould a toatou be cau)(ht in an intrigue with 1 wm rv* i '1 ■% COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCK AN. *cc. 5'5 with a woman of the blood- royal, lie in put to tliaih. The Ion of the ircc dc hoi fiiccceds his father in tiile jml honours, ;\j foon as he i» born i l)iit it he (lumld have no children, the brother allunics the povernmeiit It his death. In other faiiiilies, poHi'llionH always! de- fcciulto the cldelHimi but he is obliged to maintain his hrothcri and fiOcrt, who arc allowed houfcs on his illates. " The boundaries of the feveral diHi i. ts, into which Oiahcitc is divided, are generally, either rivulets, or low h>l!s, whieh in many plat ei, jut out into the fca. Hut the fiibtlivifions into p.irti( ular (uoperty, are iturked by laree lloncs, whi< h have reinawud from one i^eneration toanothir. 'I'he removal of any ot thcfe giviJi rile to qiwrreU, whuh are tieciiled by arms j each party biin|j;- ini; his friend.s into the field. Ihit if any one lomplain to the erce de hoi, he terminates the dilhienrc aiiiii a- biv. This is an olfence, h(»wever, notmmnxinj and lonj; culloin feenis to fecurc properly here as elVcctiially as the mod fcvrre laws do in other <(ninin(s. In ( on- forniiiy alfo to ancient pr.iOti(ee(lablillu prodigious extent; tor it ;s rcckoiieil a fort of [)rodigy, that a canoe, once ilnveii by a dorm from Otaheite, Ihould have fallen in with Mopecha, or 1 lowe's llland, though fo near, and di- itctK to leeward. The knowledge that they have of other dill 'lit illands is, no doubt, traditional ; and has been communicated to them by rhe natives ot thole ill.llu^^, driven acciiientally upon their coalls, who, belidis g'iving then> the name"!, could calily inform them of the dircvttion in which the places he from whence they came, and of the number of days they had been upon the fea. In this manner, it may be ijppo.id, that the natives of W'ateco have increaled their i.italogue b) the adiiition of Otalv ite, and its lieighhoiii ing illes, trom the peojile we met with there, and alfo ol the other illands thel'e had heard of We may thus account lor that e.xtenlivc knowlciige attri- buted, by thegeiulenun of the l-juleavour, to Tupia, in fuch matters. And, with all due ilcterencc to his veracity. 1 prefume that it was, by the fame means of inforii. ition, that he was able to direct the'_lhi|i to Ohc^ teroi, V ithout having ever been there himlell, as he pretended; wjiich, on many accounts, is very impro- bable." I 'ere ends Mr. Anderfon's Ihictures on Ota- heite, and its neighbouring illands. One ve.ir and live months had now elapfed, lince our departure liom iMigland ; during which ])ei loil hc had not been, upon the whole, tniprolit.ibly employed. Ca|)tain Cook was feiilible, that, with reipect to the principal ol))eci of hu inllruclions, our vo, age might be conlidered, at this time, as only at its commence- ment ; and therelore, his attention to whatever might contribute toviards our lafety anvl final fuci tfs, was now to be exerted, as it were, anew. V\'c hail, with this view, examined int i the llate of our provilions at tlie illands we had lall vilited ; aiiel having now, on Ic ing them, proceeded beyond the c.vtent ol tiirmerdi ovc- ries, an accurate furvey was ordcreil to be taken f)l all the ilores that were in each lliip, that, by lieing hilly informed of thei|uantity and cemdiiion of every article, we might know how to ufc them to the greaiell ad- vantage. We had alfo, before wc had ejuiited tiie Society Illes, taken every opportunity of cnijtiiriiig of the natives, whether there weic any illanjs lituatc in a northerly or north-welUily iliiedtion from thein, but it dui not appear that they knew ot any. We Ihoulit now procceei with the progrcfs of the voyage, a'u:r our leaving the Si)cicty Illands; but (hall deter it for the commencement of the next e hapter ; in oieler to lay before our readers an h.illorical and geo- graphical account of the north-well parts of Noith .'\n»erii.a, beginning from the illhmiis of Darien: alfo an account ul the moll remarkable illaiuU (iiiiatcd in 1 the high latitudes, which, with the defcriptums already given, in the coiirfc of this work, at fcveial illands in the ^i' ;■' i" "i- 11 ,"■ ' ""'"', "' '•■"-li'i iiianiis in the Indian leas, will lorni a complete, lull, and perfect hillory of all the place?, old and new difcoveiies mentioned and touched at, by all our moft celehratcJ circumnavigators: tor which account, wc acknowledge ourfelves chieHy Indebted to that mich ^uimircd ,vij appniY.l mrk, iVll/,l,.\R's NHW .,//./ UNI\TRS\L SYSTEM cf CiL-XXJRAI'HY. m-.v mhltjhinv, ,n a'-ht^ itrck/y mtrnfu-rs, prnc only Sixpence cub, embeiiilhcd -xith 0->pr>/r-p!i!li-s : cind tiuiy l>c iuui of '.he Piibblhn; Mr. Hoe;(;, //; I'MrnioJhr.rr.v, cr of wiy lioohjcllcr', NtivJ'cavmr, c'r S/iilioiin; III Lhfiil-lhiltUH, Irdiwd, i^r. .\mencus Wfpucio. a h'lorentine by birth, being in 1 497, lent to improve the ilifcoveries maelc in i4e)i, by tiolumbu., gave to the loiirth ejuarter of die world the name of America. This vail continent, (at lealt what has hither.o been difcoveieel) reaches from latitude )H dei', N.t',56deg, S. I'hatis i. {4 lic'grces, which, taken iiri llrait line, amount to upwards of >io^o miles in length. Its breaeith is very irregular, being in fome places joqo miles, and in others, as at the elillance of Darien or Panama, not above bo or 70. I'he boundaries afcrihed to it. are the land about the pole on the north ; Atlan- tic Ocean, which fcpaiates it from luirope anet' Alia on the call ; another vail ocean on the louth, aiul the Facilic Ocean, uliially calleil the .South .Se.i, wluch divides it from Alia on the well. How orwhen Ame- rica was firll i)eopliil, cannot be all ertaineel ; hut it ij moll likely to li.ive been from the noith ol .\lia , for the natives of both theli; parts Itill bear a great iclein- blancc to one another in many refpect.'!. North .\iiie iica, which conllitutcs a grand divilion of this vail continent, and ot which we propofe now to treat, is leparated from the foutlurn jjart by the illhmus' of Darien, and extends Irom ih:it illhinus to within ^ lew degrees of the north pole. In tl e period ol inortt than two centuries and a halt; geographers were not able tt) afcertain the limits of the northern extremitv; this was a talk to be perlormed by Captain Cook in liis thml and lall vo\age. Old Me;f the ore. This ore, when crude, could not be attracted by the load-done, but, when calcined, became fo in a 1 mall degree. A folid iron ore has ahb been difcovered here, fimilar to that found to the fouth-wcll of ':!chaterinenburg : its furlace was found to be covered with a yellow oker, of a reddilh brown in the breakings of its folid parts. The ore, when crude, was not ac.ed upon by the load- llone, though, after calcination, hightly attracted by it. The copper mines are like lo'vie of thofe produced on the Ryphean mountains, having the malachites, in the form of llalattitcs and (lataguites, in their cavities, very beautiful, and caj)able of being polillicd. There is great choice of timber lor a variety of ufes in Kamtlchatka, as well as abundance of (hnihs of divers kinds, ihcv have aUb fevcral excellent inedi- I 6 H ' tuiia marble, porphyry, jafper, precious Itoncs, pearls, anibcr, ginger, tobacco, hides, tallow, fait, dying woods, dnigs, balfiuTis, honey, feathers, chocolate, cochineal, filk, fugar, cotton, wool, &c. The inhabitants are, at prcfcnt, a mixed people, conlifling of Indians, Spaniards, and other Europeans ; the Creoles, ineHi- clincs, or ilFuc of the Sjiaiuards by Americans, the mcftichcs, or the ifl'ue of fuch ill'iie; the terceroons dez Indies, or the children of the lall, married to Spsniards; and the quarteroons dez Indies, whofe dcfcendants are allowed the fame privileges as true Spaniards. The negroes are likew ife pretty numerous, being imported from the coad of Africa for various purpofes, and many of them admitted to their freedom. The ilFue of an iAiropcan and a negro conlhtutes another diflinttion, called mulatto; befides all which there IS a mixed breed of negroes and Indians, which is generally deemed the iowell rank. The principal places are (1) Mexico, which flands in the middle of a great lake of its o^^•n name, about one hundred and feventy miles well of the gulph of Mexico. The number of inhabitants is computed at three hundred thoufand ; molV of them live beyond their fortunes, and terminate a life of profulion in the mod wretched indigence. A prodigious quantity ol jcwrls, gold and lilver plate, and toys, together with the moll valuable, commodities of K.urope and Alia, arc expofed to fale in the llrceis. Caluornia, a peninfula, is the mod northci. of all the Sp.inilh dominion^ on the continent of .'\merica. It extends froiTi the noiih con'.ls into the Pacific Ocean, 800 miles Irom Cape Seiiallian, in 4) deg. ;jo min. north latitude, towards the foutli-ealV as far as Cape St. Lucar, in 2. degrees, ^z minutes, north latitiuic. The eallcrn coaft lies nearly parallel with that of Mexico oppnilte to it, and the lea between is calltd the lake or gulph of California. Its breadth is very unequal ; towards the north it is near joo miles, but at the (outh extremity it tapers away, and is fcarcely ^o miles over. The more fouthcrn part was known to the Spaniards foon after the difcovery of Mexico; tiir t'ortev. dif- covered it in I5,}5, but they did not till lately piiutrate f.ir into it, contenting themfelves with the pearl lilhery there. Several kinds of fruit are produced here; there arc two fpecies of deer peculiar to this country ; allii a particular breed of (liecp, butJaloes, beavers, or aninuls much refembling them, a peculiar Ipecie.-, of wild hogs, lions, wild cats, and many other wild bcillb. The horfes, mules, oxen, and other quadru- peds, that have been imported hither from Spain and Mexico, multiply exceedingly. Of the two fpecies ot deer peculiar to California, that caiicd tave by the natives is greatly ellcemed, and its tlelli as well tailed as vciiifon. 1 he coafl is plentitiilly flot ked with biids, and there is a great variety of lilli in the gulph of Ca- lifornia, the Pacific Ocean, and the rivers. Though inlkls fwarin here, as in moll hot countries, yet on account of the drviiefs of the foil and climate, they are neither noxious nor troublefome. There is one ot the richcft pearl lilherics in the world, on the coall, and there arc luppoled robe mines in the country. Here are two conliderable river.s, namely, Rio Collorado, snd Rio du Carmel, with 'everal fnialler Ilreams, and fine ports, creeks, and roaiis both on the call and well fide, which is the reafbn of its having been fo much frequented by Englilh privateers. There aie, in the heart of the country, plains of fait quite firm, and clear as cryftal. A great variety of lavage tribes inha- bit California. Thofe who live on the call fide of the pcninfula are great enemies to the Spaniards; but in other parts, they feem to be very hofpitable to all ftrtngcrs. The inland country, efpccially towards the north, is populous. The Indians refcmble thole defcribcd in other parts of America. Siberia, a part of Rullian Tartary, is bounded by the Frozen Ocean on the north ; by China, and the Pacific Ocean, on the call ; by Tibet, Ulbeck Tartaiy, the Cafpian Sea, and Aflracan Tartary, on the fouth; and by European RulTia, on the well ; and is fituate between lixty and one hundred and thirty degrees ot No. 63. • ii!#? •' .'f: 5'8 Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. cinal plants. Barley, oats, peas, turnips, &c, grow like- wife here. TiiP grafs fprings up fo faft, that they have three harvefts ;. and the blades are frequently five feet in height. This country abounds with tame and wild fowls. The wild animals are, black and white bears, wolves, lynxes, boars, elks, and a kind of ftag veiy much like the fallow-deer. The bear never attacks a man, unlefs they finii him aflecp, whin they tear the fcalp off the back part of the head, and fonictimcs intircly dcftroy him. Foxes arc alfo very numerous, fomc arc white, feme rediih-yellow ; fome grey, with a black ftreak on the back, and are riuch valued; the white ones, however, are alfo valued, as being fcarcer. There are alfo black-chcfnuts and blue breaftcd foxes j and they arc in general too crafty for their purfuers, their faga- city exceeding that of the other fpccies. The opulence of the country conlifts in its fables and ermines ; the fables which arc fold at a high price, excel thofe found in any other part of the globe : the natives eat the Hefh, and ertecni it a very fine food. Here is aifo found the gulo, or glutton j likewife other kinds of beaver, as the atis, rein-deer, and fayga. The natives colledl thcmfelvcs in companies to hunt tlicfe animals ; they go at the clofe of the winter from the month of March to the end of April, taking pro- vifions with them. The glutton, which hath a very fine fur, is a terrible enemy to the doer: it will dart itfclf from a tree upon a deer's back, and, fixing between the creature's horns, teari out his eyes : the alHicted animal, with cycefs of agony, falls to the ground, when the glutton flti|>s his ticih from his hones. Dogs are very numerous in this country: thefe re- feiTiblc the Kiiiopcan, and live much upon mice and fifli ; thev fcratch up the ground for the former, and fciv.e the others from their rtreams. Thcl'c dogs are ex- tiemclv fcrviccablc to the natives, in dniwing their fledges over the fiiow : in the inoft dreadful weather, they fcarce ever lole their way. Several forts of amphibious animals arc alfo in Kamtf- chatka. Oiii is the fca-cow, about thirty (ect in length, and wcighin;^ fix or fcvcn thoufand pounds, the (kin of which IS lb hard, that fcarce an hatchet or axe will pe- netrate it. The tlclh of a young fca-cow, when properly boiled, has a good taftc ; the lean parr is fomewhat like veal, and the fat part like pork. The method of catching this animal is, by an iron hook ftruck into it by fome men in a fmall veflll, then by a rope held by people on Ihore, the fca-cow is drawn gradually to the land, while thofe in the vellel cut the creature with tiilhiimcius in fcvcral parts of the body, till it expires. It is not '.cry dilViciilt to take the fca-cow from its clemcnf, tor itfeldom raifcs its head above the furface olthe \varcr, though its fides and back are often feen. .Sca-horfcs and fca-cats are alfo met with here: the latter have long hairs ftanding nut on each fide of their inotiths like thofe of a cat, ancl they weigh from live to eight thoufand pounds: their eyes are as large as a hull's, and they v ill Hy at people in boats; even if ihcv are blinded by ftoncs thrown at them, they will not letirc, but gnaw the very ftones that are thrown ; howescr, when once deprived of fight, there is no great dant^er lo be apprehended from them. 1 he male and female differ lx)th in form and difpolition ; fo much in form, that they might be taken for different animals; and as lo difjiutition, the female is mild, inoHt-nlive, and timid: as a proof of this, when an attempt is trade to fei/c a young fca-cat, and the male, by vi- poroully defending it, affords the female an opportu- tiity of taking it off in its inoiith ; if, in this cafe, the female llioultl happen to drop ic, the male abandons its advcrfary, and, living dircdly at the female, fei/c3 her with all imaginable fury ; when the latter, hy licking his Liwi, and (hewing every kind of fubmilTion, en- deavours to mitigate his rage. The feas alfo abound *.irh feal', which arc caught by dilferent methods: fomctimcs they arc taken in the water, and at other times t'loy ire killed while llccping on the rocks, llcrc are wh .ks from fcvcn to fifteen fathoms long. Amongft a \aiicty of lilli, lure is the (Icrlct, which is I fo much like the nurgeon. that there is fcarce anydif. fcrence, except that it is fmaller and more delicate ; it is (o fat that it may be fried without oil. Some of the birds of Kamtfchatka arc, eagles, hawks pelicans, fwans, geefc, wigeons, ducks, cuckows, nia'.' pics, fnipcs, partridges, &c. A bird called the red- neck diver is very curious ; it has a beautiful fpot on the lower part of its neck ; beneath this fpot, there arc fea- thers of a brown colour in the middle, and edged all round with white; the brcaft, belly, and iegs, are of ^ very beautiful white. Sea-fowl arc very numerous on thecoaft of the eafUrn ocean, as peacocks, fea-pies, green flianks, pufliiis,&c. Here too arc the connorant, fea-raven. and urile. Clouds of dragon-Hies, locufts, and gnats, arc fomc- timcs feen in this country. The Latter are fo tioublc- foinc, that the inhabitants arc obliged to vail their liiccs to avoid them. The dragon-Hies, forming columns, Hy with incredible fwiftnefs. The natives of Kamtfchatka inhabit the foiithcrni)art of the peninfula; the northern part is inliabited In the Koreki, and the fouthern by the Kurilcs; but the Rul". iians call the whole country Kamtfchatka, though it has fcvcral names given it from particular ciicuinllancts. The Kamtfchadalcs are llKut in (lature, and rticmhle mod of the other inhabitants of Silwria, except that their faces arc fomewhat llioricr, their mouths lari;cr, and their checks fuller; they have dark hair, hollow eyes, Hiarp nofes, and tawny complexions ; the latter is faid to be principally owing to the inHuencc of the iv.n rcHeded from the fhowin the fpring-feafijn, when the fnow lies thick on the ground. Some of the natives, who are obliged to be in the woods, co\er their lacc« with a kind of netting, to prevent the cffecis of thedin- beams darting on the fnow ; for the eye-fight fullers by this refraction, as well as the complexion. Theft peo- ple drefs in deer-diins, with the fiir outwards; they iilc alfo, for this piir[)ofc, the Ikins of dogs and other ani- mals. They often wear two coats, the flccves of the outer coat reaching down to the knecs; they have a hood to it, which in bad weather fervcs to cover the head; and they adorn the back part with fntculs of fkins, and fometimcsof filks of diHercnt colours. I he women wear the fame fort of garments as the men, though their coat, or rather waiflcoat, fitsclofcrtothrir bodies, and is decorated with flips of red, blue, and ye!. low cloth, and fomctimcs ribliand, or woollen lifh lo this waiftcoat is joined a fort of petticoat coming .ibout half way down the leg. The men wear a leather belt round them, and their legs arc covered with ditlcrcnt coloured Ikins ; they wear feal-fkin raps or hats, and fomctimcs a cap or hat of birch bark ; fomc have caps of brafs plaited. The women let their hair grow much longer than the men ; they plait it, and hang brafs trin- kets to it : they have fur caps, that are black without, and white within. The men plait their hair, as well as the women. They never walh thcmfdves, but live in a mod bcaftly iiunner: thi y neither cut thcirnaih, nor comb their hair. They eat raw Hcfh, i arrion.flalf- lifli, or any thing they can get, how hlthy foevcr it be. They live in huts under-ground, covered with gnlsot earth, and fomctimcs with the fkins ol' the animals they have killed in the field, undrcffcd, and yieldinj; a noi- fomc ilench. 'I'hey place benches in thei' hovels, with afire-place in one corner, and on thcfi benches tluy repolc thcmfelvcs. Some of the huts ate covered ami lined with mats. Thefe arc their wiiuerdwcllin;'ij nor are their lummer retreats much more elegant, exujjt that they are built on the furface of the earth, anil with rather more regularity. Thefe, it is true, arc Inii't high on pillows, with beams thrown acrofs them, on which » Hoor is fixed, \^ith a roof riling from each fide to a ten trical point; and, indeed it is neccflary that their fani- mer habitations fhould l)c thus high, elfc the inhabitants would be in continual danger from the wild bc.dti. They eat out of bow Is, or troughs, with their dogs, and never wafli them afterwards. We (h..ll now take notice of their marriages. When a man hath met with a young woman that he likes he engagcsinto the fcjVKC of lur parents, and, after the cxpirAtion "^^^ ^ COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 519 expiration of" a limited time of fcrvitude, obtains either pcrinifllon to marry her, or is difmified with a requital tor his fcivicc. It he has leave to marry, the nuptials commences immediately, ar.d the whole ceremony con- fifts ill ftrip])ing the l)ridc naked, whofe cloaths, how- ever, arc fo f,i(i bound by ftraps and girdles, thnt he findsit notafy talk toaccomplilli his purpofc; at this crills feveral womf-i» flicker and proteA her from him; who, however, feckinf; an opportunity to find her Icfs guarded, makes frcfli efforts to undrefs her: but if (lie tries out, and her exclamations bring affiflance, the women who come fall upon the man, fcratching his face, tearing his hair, and otherwifc roughly treating him; till the bride, Ihewing fome concern for his lituation, and the women becoming lefs violent in their alFault, the man at length fucceeds, and then retires from her, who however calls him back, and acknowledges in a foft plaintive tone, that he has conquered her. Thus the ceremony ends, and the next day the happy couple re- pair to the hut of the hulband. In about a week after- wards they make a vifit to the wife's parents, v.'here they cckbrate the niarriaj.c ftaft with the relations of both jwriics. Some of the men marry three wives, who in general live friendly together, and are never jealous. It is deemed a very capital offence in a woman to procure abortion, yet if twins are born, one of them muU be dellroved. The women put their infants in a balket falUncd to an tIalVic pole, which is eafily moved with the loot, to lock them. As foon as they can Hand on their legs, their mothers leave them to thcniftlvcs, fullering thcni to roll on the ground any where ; they are molt ..miaonly half naked, and begin to walk at atinvj .•.hen a child in Europe would not be able to 11a;-!. Thtfe people never bury their dead, but often give them to the dogs ; and fay, that as the decealcd are thus devoured by dogs, th<'y will enfurc to themfclves a pU a- fai' Larriai,^ in fledges drawn by line dogs in the other world. Thisaboiiruable cullom, howc\er, is not uni- vc'CiUy prai-tilcd; fome leaving their dead in their hut, and feek a new h ibitation. The apparel of the de- ceaftd i)erfon is always thrown away, from a fuperlli- tioiis notion, that whoever Ihould wear it would meet with fome dreadful calamity. They travel on Hedges drawn by dogs; their number is generally four, which are driven by a whip. The per- i'on in the Hedge is feateii on the right tide of it, with his feet hanging over, anil is obliged to balance himfelf with great care, left the Hedge Hiould overfet. Where the roads arc in tolerable condition, they can travel to a jircat diftance in a Ihoit time, carrying with them pro viiions, Sic. They fometimes travel, in this manner, alxiut thirty wcrlls, that is, u[)\\ards of twenty-three miles in a day. 1 hey hunt the bear, among other ani- mals; on which occalionthey ufe rackets to walk upon the fnow with, arming themfclves with pikes, and tak- ing ilf^gs with them to provoke the animal. They then wait till he comes out of hiseiiclofure, for they wouUI aita. k i.iin to great difadvantage while he remained thiK' ; bctaufc the fnow being very firm in that place, ihtlxj. would beable to avail himfelf of all his Hrength; but the inHant he comes out, he finks into the fnow, ami \\ hilc he is Hriving to dileiigage himfelf, the hunters ;lober, and in a quarter of an hour ovei turned all thc tents and huts of the Kamtfchadales, being accompanied by a fingu- lar ebbing and flowing of the fea, which at fiiH ;ofe'to thc height of tweni) feet, then funk, and reiiied to an unufual diHance; it foon after rofe higher than at fiift, andfuddenly finking again, retired I'o alloniHiingly flu from the common low-water mark, diat it w as for a con* lideraMe time loll to the eye. At length the earthquake'' was rep, itcd, the lea returned once more, and rofe to the height of two niiulred feet, overwhelmed the whole toaft, and then fir.ally retired, after having dellroved thc goods, cattle, and many of the lives of the inhabitants, and left feveral lakes of f.ilt-w.ucr in the lower grounds and adjacent lield.-i, 'I'hc (econd volcano illues from fome i'l 520 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. fomc mountains fmiatcd between the river of Knnitf- chatka am', that of I'obollVi. Nothing was ever known to exhale from this but fmokc, till the year i7;^9, when it vomited ?. torrent of flames, which ilcflroyed all the neighbouring forells. The third volcano ilYiics from the highell mountains in Knmtfchatka, on the banks of the river of that name. It is environed by a cluOer of Icfler mountains, and the head is rent into long cre- vices on every fide. Its greatelt eruption began Sep- tember 25,1 7 j7, and continued a week, which, with an earthquake that followed, did very confiderable damage. In the fouthcrn extremity of Kamtfchatka there are hot fprings: they form rivulets, and run almoft the length of the river 0^ernaya which ilfues from the lake Ku- rillky, and then join that ft ream ; the waters, however, have no very confiderable degree of heat in them. There is a mountain near the river Panf Rifoliiliitt iiml Di/itArrv, nftcr ihnr deparlinr from the Scrirty Ijla^profrciilcihcir voyage — Chrijlmas Ijhiid difimnrJ, ti'bcrc thvy arc fupphrd phiitifitlh '.citb lijh and liirtlr — A Solar Eilip/i- ohfr-rird — T'vo mariners hfc ibfir 7iav o'l Ihore ^—Afn-.f^iiLir viclbod 'f rcfrcjhwgbnnfdt praf/iud hyoitcof ibf/rllragi'/m — /In nt/lnplwii If ft in a ktllr — /I drj'rnp.' lion of Cbrillinas Ijland—Tbrrc ijhutds drfirihed—Olhcrs difmivred—Thtir namis — Tl.v n bolf g^roitp dcxomwati d SaiiJ- tiiih Illvids — A complete accomil cf ihrirfniliprodiKlionSttnbacnii-IStisc.^CuJhms nf Ibrnalnrs a^rec 7vitb thfe of Ton^ata/ioo and Olabeilr — Extent of tbis nation tbrmif^hoitt tbe J'acijic Oeeaii—And remarks on the iifrfii! Jituat:on (f Sand- liieb Ijlands — Tbc Refolulion and Difeo-very proceed to tbe northuard — Xaittical o/'I'ervattoiif nude at Sandziicb IjlirJs ^■^Proji^refs of the i'j\a^/~Arrivji of ibe t' River, and fallacy of yuan de Fiica's pretended Jlrait — Tbe Rcfoliitton and Difcrocry anclw in an inlet in Hope Bay, zcbne ibty are zi/itrd h numlcrs of tbe natives — An account nf tbcir hebaiioiir — Tbe tivo flips enter tbe found, andmwrin a cmmnodimts bar/ciir—l aniiis incidents and lraebaviour at their villages, "ivbile «r made a pro^refs round the fjiind— A remarkable vi/it from /Iran^ers — A fecond vijit to one of tbe villages — drafs purcbajed — De- parture of the Ihips after an exchange tf prefcnts — Direc/ ions for fail in f^ into the found — lis name — A iopiotis and enler- (ainiuf^ defcr.'piion, vviibfevcrM ciirrms olfervalions, 01 tbe adjacent country, and its inba/'Uants — Remarks on, and Ipeci- men f the lair^iia^e in Nooika Sound — Adrviomicalcind nautical remarks— A jlurm after leaving tbe found, m KbiJj the Rrfjlulion fprnit^s a leak — Tbejlraitof AJmiral de f'onte pafed unexamined. ON Monday the Stliof Decen.ber, ha'.ing quitted Uolabol,!, auvl the Society Kles, «e llecred to the northward, with the wind between N. K. and E. fcarce ever having it in the S. ]•",. point, till after wc had crolJcd the equator; nor tlid we i^icet with any thing by which the vicinity of land was indicated, till .vc began, about the latitude of 8 deg. S. to fee boobies, nien-of war wars, terns, tropic birds, and a few other forts. Our lon- gitude, at tins time, wc found to be 205 deg. call. In the night, between the 2:nd, ami 2 jd, wc palled the line; and, on W'cdnifday the 24th, foon after day-break, wc dcfrncd lane found the Jeplh of water to be tJ'oin forty to fourteen iaiiiii'.ns, o\er a fandy bottom. The Captiui, being of opinion that turtle might be piociired at this id.ir;;!, refolvcd to cxrtmine it; accord- iiiglv, we dr,,jipcd our anchors in thirty t.iilioms water; and a boa. was imincdiatcly dif|)atchcd to fearch for a commodii.us landirg place. When (he returned, the officer who had been employed in this fearch, reported, that he found no place where a boat could land ; but that li(h greatly abounded in the flioid water, without the breakers. On the 25th, Ix'ing Chrillmas-day, t«o boats were lent, one frem each lliip, to examine nioie accurately whether it was practicable to land; ami, at the fame time, two others were ordered out, to lilh at a grappling near the Ihore. Tiiefc la(t returned about eight o'clock, A.M. with as many filh as weighed iij)wards oi' two hundred weight. P^ncouragcd by this luccefs, they were difpatcheii again after breaktafl, and the Captain himfelf went in another boat to vicA uk coad, and attempt landing, which, however, he fi . ,d to be impraiiticable. The two boats that had brei ighcd, and, al'itr tuo or three trips, anchored again over a bottom of line dark fand, bclbie a little ithmd lying at the mouth ot the lagoon, on each fide of which is a i hannel le.id- ing into it, but lit only for boats ; the water in the la- goon COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. ?2I f liniharboursiii np when the ice but the nutivcs a great number ' dry in the fum- antl from others >f red hot floiu.?, tvariety of ulcs. nd, and all the n by all our gco. Terra incognita, is Drake, indeed, «'. latitude, which weeks. Ini6oj itudo 45 deg. N. I'uca in 1592. Cape Eli as in la- red by the Spa- igation, to be cx- ur gallant Com. ■ies in thele parts, near the Ardic f his death at an tfihatka, will be chapters, in the d and lad voyage, a» 1.1 Ijland ({ifinrivJ, ibtir zvay on Jhr( f'Olllr — A dtj'mp.' ^ iifitr.miiu/iJ SanJ. i{:;re<: 'uitb ihfc of f'u! Jiliidtioii of S(W,t- ill SjiUuiih IjImJs tiry — DitKailtu-s of Hit f'lillaiy of Juan re zi/ilrJ hy mmhiys /he i fcarch, reported, could land ; but wl water, without irillnias-day, two 10 examine more to land; ami, at •d our, to lilli at a It returned about filh as weighed [icouragcd by this ter break lalf, and lx)at to vicvv uii: ■icver, hell .dt(< lat had been lent ion; anul the iiiaf- jrted to Captam ) the northtt.uil, 1, and a citanml I proper place for his entrance tlir w were llaiionrd. ighcd, and, after over a bottom o( ing at the mouth s a 1 hannel IcaJ- water in ihc la- goon (Toon itfelf is likcwife very (hallow. In the morning of the 26th, Captain Gierke was ordered to fend out a boat, with an efiicer, to the fouth-caft part of the lagoon, in queft of turtle; and Captain Cook went himfelf, with Mr. King, each in a boat, ,.0 the north- eaft part. It was his intention to have gone to the call>.Tn extremity ; but the wind not permitting it, he and Mr. King landed more to leeward, on a I'andy flat, where they caught one turtle. They waded through the water to an ifland, where they found only a few birds. Captain Cook, leaving Mr. King hereto obferve the fun's meridian altitude, proceeded to the land that bounds the fea toward the north-wefV, which he found even more barren than the lall men- tioned ille ; but walking over to the fen-coaft, he obfcrved three turtles dole to the fliorc, one of which he caught. He then returned on board, as did Mr. King foon afterwards. Though fo few tunics were ob- fcrved by thefc two gentlemen, we did not dcfpair of a fupply ! for fome of the olficers of the Difcovery, w ho had been alhore to the fouthward of the channel leading into the lagoon, bad more fucccfs, and caught many. The next morning, being Saturday, the 26th, the cutter and pinnace were difpatchtd under the command of Mr. Kmg, to the fouth-eall part of the ifland, within the lagoon, to catch turtle; and at the fame time the fmall cutter was lent towards the north for the fame purpofe. Some of Captain Clcrke's people having been on Hiore all night, had been fo fortimate as to turn upwards of forty turtles on the fand, which were this day brought on board ; and, in the courfe of the afternoon, the party detached to the northward returned with half a dozen, and being fcnt back again, continued there till we quitted the ifland, hav- ing, upon the whole, pretty good fucccfs. Sunday, the 28th, Captain Cook, accompanied by Mr. Bailey, landed on the ifland fituate between the two channels into the lagoon, to prepare the tclcfcopes forobferving the folar cclipfe that was cxptded to be vifible on the 30th. Towards mwn, Mr. King returned with one boat, and eight turtles; feven weic left behind to be brought by the other boat, whofc people were em- ployed in catching more; and in the evening the fame boat conveyed them provilions and water. The next day the two boats, laden with turtle, were fcnt back to tlie fliip by Williamfon, who, at the lame time in a mcHage to Captam C^ook, requclkd, that the boats might be ordered round by lea, a-, he hat! difcoveied a landing place on the fouth-caft lidc of Jic illand, \>hcrc the greatell numbers of turtle were caught; lb that, by difjjatching boats thither, the trouble of ear- ning theni over the land, as we bad hitherto doDC, to the inlide of the lagocMi, would be laved. Tuefday the .50th, two gentlemen belonging to the Difcovery returned, who, accompanied by Simeon Woodrort", the gunner's mate, and ten feamen, had dircrted their courfe, on the 26th. to the noith call quarter, in the cutter, having each iv,.n a pint of biandy, and a good quantity of water on boai d. About noon, they arrived at ih • neck of land, over which they were to travel on foot, to come at the place v here the turtle were known to harbour; and where it was dan- gtious to attempt to approach them by fea, on ac- count of the fitrf. 1 lere they fecured fafely their cutter, and eroded near the (bore a kind of hut, to which they carried their provilions, am' Hit down to rclii fli. 'i'liis done, they agreed to divide, and [nirfue th"ir fpon in dilVerent parties. Atcoidingly they fri out, and befmc the next morning the had lint in feviial tiMlles. Tbn they did by placing ihi in ai lofs a I oiiple of oars in the muniter of a bar, ami in keep- ing a man cm[)loyed in conveying thein from the place where they were turned, to the cutter. W lun they grew tired of their diveilion, they repaired to the pl.ice of lende/voin 1 bill ll was (bme furpii.'. to the n{\. when, at nine m the morning, the two gentlemen and the gunner's mate were milling. It was ion eluded, that they had gone too far w ithin land, and that they bad either loll their way, or Ibiiie accident had befallen them, perhaps from natives lurking le- No. 64. crctly in the woods, though none had openly appeared. Under thcfe apprehenlions, two of their mariners, Bartholomew I.oreman and Thomas Trecher, were lent out in fearch of them, each carrying a gallon of water, with brandy, and ether refrelhinents, in cafe they fbould meet with the gentlemen in their way. In a w ild uncultivated country, over-run with bufhcs a^n3 clofe cover, the reader, who has never been bewildered, can have no idea of men's being loft in the fliort (pace of a i\:\v miles; but fb, however, it hiijipcned to our gentlemen ; who, invited by the mixed melody of the birds in company, or to penetrate with their utmoft efforts (when thefc obftrudions happened) one hundred yards in as many minutes. They were now glad to abandon their game, happy if they could a-gain the open country with the lols of every thing about them. The ftiirts and trow- fcis they had on were loon in rags, their flioes could hardly be kept on their feet, and their linen caps and handkerchiels were rendered unferviceaole, by the I'requcnt reiietition of the ufes to which th. v had been applied. In fbort, no deg cc . • liillrefs enncr of body or mind, could exceed that to .!;ich thefe unfortunate (gentlemen were now expofed. To their minds it wa.<( Ibnie alleviation, when, about ten in the morning, they heard the found of guns fired fron the fliips on pur- pofe to h id them right, fuppoling thtiii to have loll their wa} But this was poor comfort, when they letlcded, ' Mt the fhi[is were at a great diflancc, and tliut il thi . .ntured to take them for tht ir guide, they llioiild never live to fee an end to their journey. Still labouring, t >ii-fc)it, lo advance by the fun, they \t length, all at once, obfcrved an opening, that led. s iliey thought, to the long-» ibcd-for Ihore The hca.-t ot mill, dilatetl w ith the hidII cxquititc |oy, can amly be fenfible of the incxprcffihie pleafure which the gci*. tlcmea felt on i>crceiv;ng ilwa ray of hope. XiKy it Q. foqgut ^■m 522 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. forcot for the moment, the pains of their lacerated b.xiies, though all torn with briers and bcfmcared with b'ood, and comforted themfelves with this, dawn of d.liverance ; but they had rtill much to futVer ; for wlien they rulhcd with extafy from the cover, and came to furvey the open country, they difcovcred to their great mortification, that they were yet at a great dillancc from the neck of land, over which their people had paired; that this opening had brought them to another creek or inlet of the fea. and that they had yet to travel round a vart circle of the thicket before they could comg to the bay that was even now fcarre within their knowledge. On this difcovery, dcfpairhad almoft taken place of hope, when they heard, or thought they heard, a found like that of a man's voice for within the thicket. This, in a fliort time, was anfwcred by a found not unlike the former, but fainter. It was then rightly conjcdurc'd that thefc founds proceeded from men fent in fearch of them, and they all endeavoured to raife a halloo in their turn ; bur their throats were fo parched, that v'"h .heir utmoll eHorts they could fcarce rife above a whifper. They now lamented the walle of powder, which they had fniitlefily expended during the night in making (ignals of diOrefs, and rumm.\ged their cafes to nuiller up a iingle charge. This, in fomc meafure, had the defired ellect. The report was heard by one of the feamcn who were in purfuit of them (as will be teen hereafter) both of whom had been lh\iggling with equal dilliculties, and toiling under greater incumbraives, without the leall profjjtct of fuccecding in their fearch. Tliefe men were now bewildered themrclveSi.anil haliooed to each other, as well for the fake of keeping company, as for llgiials to the (.tntkinen, llioiild tlicy be within hear- ing. I3y this time the liiiy was far advanced; and partly with fatigue and for want of reiVelhment, the gen- tli'im.n were alnioll fpent j they had been ever lince the morning's dawn engageil 'n the molf painful exertion of bodily Ihength, to extricate themfelves from the labyrinth in which tliey had been involved, that ever men expcriciv ed, am.1 by ( onleiiiience to an eijual walk" of f[)irits, uithmii any thing to recruit them; and iiou, though lefs entangled, they were more expofed to the heat of the fun, which l-rtnij^lit on an intolerable thirfl that was no longer fupportable ; they therefore, ai; !lic kill relburce, repaircii to the neareft beach, where, to their comfort, thev found a turtle, killed it, and> refrelh, and lie believed, ."..ank a little too freely of their giMg, whii h occalioncd than both to fall alleep. They were frightened when they awoke to find it night; and althciigh they felt their faces and hands covered with ver niii, the thoughts of having neglected their duty, ard the dr^ad of the confev]ueiices, fo dillractcd their minds, that they were not lenliljlc of anv other pain. As rert was now no hunger their ob,cit, they rofe add wandered, they neither knew ncr cared where, till da} began to break u|)on diem, and then tl;cy endea- voured to ivcollci;! their way, w ith a view to rejoin their comj)anions; Imt, aft' r walking and winding abnnt, as they could find a palfage through the bullies, t ley at lad l< g.»n to difcover that they were going from the nlire of rendezvous inlUad of making towards it. Ritigiicil toihe lad degree with walking, and peipkxeJ in their minds, they L.^an to grow clcIcIs about- living or dying, and in that humour iat down to lighten their burclen by making an end of their grog and provifions. This they had no fooner done, than lleep again furprizcd them, and notwiihflanding the vermi'i, with which they found themfelves covered when they awoke, they found themfelves again in the dark, and again rofe up to wan- der about, which they continued to do .u before, la- menting COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, £cc. 52.7 be tried for il,cir to be fcnt on that ch, the gcinlcnica c where they were now too far ad- ibility of fLKcefs. ivcnty of the crew difpatchcd from nen. Thefe lud b the thicket in a :r hviiig or dead, ng could be con- '1- The majoriiy been alive, they as it was dark, as their fport in the iib.iblc, that they light nirely have •r, I'v V, liich they <■'; but Ibmc on )ilorc IHron, anil ■able thickets in d not fceo/ieano- c uf tlirtc yaivjv-, >t be cntant;k\l', ;in if It Ihuiiid lo ml their plan of to iiiauh in liiuj as to h- uithin to be towards the was heard bv tl;e )f lix h.uirs,' [lar- la moll niiruable L'noinons bite-, of heat of the lim, ^oc.it. JlcMia.ie 11 hill). Me Mji vmg no fenlecf in which lie was It the boats from the point 01 land, led, for the con- 1 i)oard, in cafe ) any conllderable ecu obferved, the hi have been con- i; of reride/.\ou.-, lat he was carried uld be broii;;ht to Iroiii his compi- ingcr, but by re,\- It the way back. eJorc as long a< without fuccelv, thty i'at doM n to tie too frctiv of )th to fall alleep. : to lind it night; .1 hands covered neglected their :es, fo dillractid jIc of any other objee't. they role aretl where, nil hen they cndea- Av to rejoin their inding abfiit, m bullies, t.iey at going from the ing towards it. J, and peiplexej lels about- living to lighten their and provillons. lagainfurpnzid with which they oke, they found lofc up to waii- 33 before, fi- nienting their melancholy fituation, rtnd confuting what courfe to take. Several wild projedts came into their heads. They had heard of Robinfon (Irufoe's living many years upon an uninhabited ifland, and why inipht they not live in this? But hitherto they had feen no four- footed animal, nor anything on which they coulil fiihfirt, hut turtle and fowls, the latter of which they had no means to attain, and they were totally unprovided with every earthly thing but what they carried about thein. That fchcmc therefore appeared too romantic. They next thought of climbing-the higheft tree, to try if they could difcoverany hill orcminence.from whence they might take a view of the country , in order to be certain wlic'thcrit was inhabited or not. This was approved by both, and Trecher mounted the loftiell tree within his reach, from whence, he faid, he could difcern, to- wards thcS. W. a mountain of conllderable height, and as that was the point tlut led to the fliips, thither he propofed that they fliould goj bur l.oicman rather chofe to depend upon Providc/icc, and endeavour to regain the fliore, as he judged by a report of a gun, which he thought he heard the day bclbre, that it mult lie in the diredion from whence the found proceeded, and thither he vvas endeavouring to make his way, till his eye-light failed him, and he loll all fcnfe of action. His companion, he faid, who was at fomc dillancc far- ther in the thicket, and who did not hear the report of the gun, did not believe what he Hiid ; whereupon they agreed to part. What courfe 'IVccher took, he could not tell, but he believed to the S. W. Loreman was judged in too dangerous a way to admit of any delay: he was therefore fcni off in a boar, and beingput under the care of the furgcon, f(H)n recovered. After this detail it was debated, •hether to rellgn Treclier to his fate, or to cont.nuc the fcarch. The hu- manity of the olliccr who had the command of the partv prevailed. In confeipicnce of this, the whole party, in the morning, about ten o'clock, after taking foine refreflinunt, fetout to fcour the thickets, and, by hallooing, beating of drums, and purfuing dill'erent couifes, determined he Ihould Ik ar them if ne were alive. It was no caly talT\ to peneLiatc a tracklefs cover, overgrown with underwcMul, and abounding with in- fers, of which the mulkatoes were the lead troublclbmc. Hut numbers make that cafy, which fo inilividuals would he impraCiicable. 'I'hey went on chearfully at full; hut before a few hours were cla[)led, even the gentle- men, who were infpirited by their fuccefs in killing game, began to be tired, and it was thought abifeable toieliaiul refrefli themfelves during the intenfe mid- (lav heat, and to renew thepurfuit alter they had dined. As yet they had not been able to difcovcr any trace or track of the man thev were purfuing, though it had been agreed between Trecher and his companion, to cut houghs from the tices. as they palTed along, by way of mark or guide to cich other, in cafe of feparation. This was no fmalldifcour.agement; and few had any relilh to renew a labour attended with fo much fatigue, and fo little profpeOt of fuccefs. The ollicers alone were bent on the purfuit. The men, though they were no lefs willing, were not equally able to endure the fa- tigue, and fomc of them were even ready to drop, before their dinner and grog had revived their Ipirits. Tlie only expedient, that now remained to he tried, was, that which Trecher had hit u])on, naiucly, to climb thehighcll tree that appeared in view, in orde: to look for the mountain, to which it was thought probable that he might dired his courfe. llns was no Iboner propofed than executed, «".! the high land feemcd at no great diftancc from the place where the party had dmed. It was now agreed to make the bell of their way to the eminence, but this proved not fo eafy a talk .1^ It at firfl appeared to be. Wbe.i they thought thein- ves juft ready to mount, they met with a lagncn that mt rrijptcd their progrefs; and coalHng it along, they dil'covcrcd the fkelcton of a creature that, by its length, appeared to be an alligator. In viewing this narrowly, lomcthing like the track of a large animal was ob- ferved to have palled it, and the high grafs on the mar- ^iw of the lagoon to have been fiefli trodden. This excited thccurioiity of the whole party, who imagined that fome monller inhabited the litgoon, againfl which it was prudent for them to be on their guard. The* waters of the lagoon were fait as brine, atiii every where llcirted with a kind of reed anil fedge, that reached as high as a man's head, and could not be penetrated without danger from fcorpions or other venomous rep- tiles, feveral of which had been CL-cn in the bullies. All attempts therefore of fuccecding oy this courfe ap-* peared to be labour loft, and as no other were thought more probable, it was refolved to rclinquifli the pur- fuit, and to return to the boats; but the day being al- ready too tar fpent to make their return prailicable be- fore the morning, it was agreed to coalt it along the lake, to endeavour to find accefs to the oppofite hills; and this was the in')rc cafily etledcd, as between the fedgy border and the thicket, there was an open fpace of unequal breailth, only fomctimes interfe^ftcd with patches of brambles that joined the lake, but of no great extent. Through thefe they made their way w ith little oppolltion till the lake appeared to deepen, when a moft llubhorn wonly copfc feemcd toliitl Jefnncc to their further progref:. This dilViculiy, however, was with much labour liirmounted, ami ir was no fooncr paired, than the lake was found to terminate, and the ground to rife. The country now began to put on a new face. The profpeOl which had hitherto prefenred nothing but a wild and .ilmoft impenetrable thicket, as they afcrnded the riling ground, b-came dcliglufil; and when they had attained the f immit of the emi- nence, was exceedingly pidurefque. 1 leic they de- termincil to pals the night with.in a pleafmt grove, which feemcd to be defigned by nature for a place of reft. 'l"he whole ]iarry now affembled, and orders w ere given by the commanding officers to erect temporary tents to ftieltcr them from the evetiing damps. TheH: tents were only bouglis and leaves of trees let up tent fafliion. In this fervicc fome were employed in cutting down and preparing materials, while others were bu- lled in difpoling and putting them together; fome were ordered to collect fuel, and others to carry it to an adjoining hill, in order to be kindled at the clofc of ilay, and ke()t burning during the night, by way of lignal, to let the boats know that the parly were fafe, and that thi y had not yet relin(]uillied the fearch. Add to thefe orilers, that a fentinel was to attend the fire in the night, and a watch to be regularly fet and relieved to guard the tents. In the mean time, the gentlemen aimiled themfelves by taking a view of the lagoon from the hills, and obferving its extent. It is bounded on three tides by a ridge of hills, and ojjcn only to the N. W. from which quarter they had approached it. They alio obferved an open down to trend towards the ftiore, by which the low grounds were divided, and hence theyconchkled, that their return would be much ilior- tencd. Before night fet in, the tents were compleared, and the orders that had been give.i were carried punc- tually into execution; the fire was lighted; the fcntiw nel at his ftation; the watch fet; and the party all re- tired to reft. About midnight the fentinel, who at- tended the lire, was furpri/ed by a four-footed monftcr, that had ftole upon him with a How and folcmn pace, and wasjuft ready to fcize him, when he ftarted .liid- ilcnly fiom it, and Hew down co the tents to apprize '.'ic watch. The ollicer on tluiy was prcfeiuly rnade ac- quainted with the impendinjj danger, who immediately called to their aHil'uincc the ierjcant of marines, the fc- cond mate, and the ariiiourer, the lloutett men of the party. With this reinforcement they marched up the liill in form, Mr. Hollingtby and Mr. Dixon in tront, the ferjeant and the fentinel in the next line, . nd two failors in the rear. As they approached the fire, the fentinel, peeping from behind the armourer, beheld the monfter through the fmoke, as tall again as he ap- peared before, and deli red the front line to kneel and lire; but the armourer, fearing neither devil nor mon- ftcc, determined to face the enemy. He therefore ad- vanced boldly, and looking (harply, took the monfter for a man, and called to him to fpeak_^ in the ufua/ phraCe of a feaman. But what was their aftoniflimc'ir, when 5*4 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. when they beheld the very identical Thomas Trccher, of whom they had been in fcarrh fo long, crawling upon ■ill fours, for his feet were fobliftercd that he could not i\and, and his throat fo parched that he could not fpeak. It is hard to fay which was predominant, their furprizc or joy. No time, however, was loft in adminiftcring fclief. Some ran to the tents to tell the news, and to bring fomerefrefliment, while the reft flrove to eafehim, by fupportinp hun in their arms. In a few minutes he was furrounded by the whole party, fomc eager to hear his ftory, and all to give him relief. The ollicers brought him cordials, which they adminiftered fpar- ingly till he was brought to his fpccch. He was a moft affeding fpedtacie, blillered from head to foot by poifonous infcds, whofe venomous ftings had caufid fuch an intolerable itching, that his very blood was in- flamed by conftant rubbing. By anointing him with oil, the acrimony in fome degree abated, and by fre- quently giving him fmall quantities of tea mixed with a little brandy, they brought him to his fpecch ; but it was fon-je days before he recovered the perfed: ule of his fenfcs. As foon as they had recovered him fo tiir, by proper refreflimcnts, as to entertain hopes of faving his life, they carried him to bed, and ordered one of his mefTmates to attend him. In the iruirning his fever vas abated ; but there aiofe a dilFiculty, how he was to be conveyed more than twelve miles, through a coun- try, fuch as has been defcribed, in his weak condition. To Englifh failors nothing, that is not impoHiWc, is im- practicable. One of them remembered that, whin lie was a boy, his fchoolfcllows ufed to divert themfclNcs with making fedan chairs of rulhcs, and he thought it an eafy matter to frame fuch a one from the materials in the thicket, that would anfwcr the purpofe. This was no fooncr propofed than executed, and a machine contrived, in which they took it by turns to caj*^' him through ahnoft infurmountable obftrudions. The gen- tlemen had, indeed, difcovered a lefs encumbered paf- fage than that, through which ihey had made tl-.cir May the d>y before; but it reached vcrf little farther than they could fee with the naked eye; all the low ground beyond was fwampyand reedy, and abounding with inftcis of various kind*. In the eveiung, inexprel- fibly fatigued, they reached the beach, where the l)if- covcrv's cutter was grounded, and where likewife the Refolution's boat, that had been waiting all the day be- fore on the oppolite tide of the peninfula, was arrived. After fome flight refrefliment, each party repaired to their own fliip; and Trechci-, being committed to the furgeon's care, recovered gradually, but it was fome weeks before he was fit to do duty. Conlidcring what flrangc peo|)le the gen.rahty of failors are, while on (horc, we might, infleadof being much furprized, that the two feamcn Ihould lofe their way, rath r wonder that jio more of them were miffing. This day, ( Tuefday, the 30th) Captain Cook, and MelTrs. King and Hailey, repaired in the morning to the fmall iiland, to obferve the cclipfe of the fun. The (ky was overcart at times; but it was clear when the cclipfe ended. Having fome yams and cocoa-nuts on board, in a ftate of vegetation, we planted them on this fpot, and fome feeds of melons w ere fown in ano- ther place. The Captain alfo left on this little ille a bottle, having this infcription : (-Vs);t;//« Tcrtius, Rrx, \i Dccemlrn, \ll~i. '\. 5 Hffjliilio", JtK. Cook, Pr. .■\aves I Dijcovny, Car. C'crke, Pr. J, Orv Thurfday the ift of January, our A. u. iljo- i5oms were fent out to bring on board our difTcrent parties employed on fliorc, who, in the couric of a week, had taken more than 100 turtle, from 150 to joo pound weight: but we had not been able to dif- covcr any frefti water. It being late before this bu(i- nefs was completed, the Captain thought proper to de- fer failing till the next morning 'I"hc turtle wc pro- cured at this iiland were all of The green fort, and, per- haps', not inferior in goodncfs to any in the world. We alfo caught with hook and line, a great ([uantity of (idi, principally conlifting of cavallics, fnappers, aAdafewrock fifti of two fpccics, one witk s\hitiili ftreaks fcattcrcd about, and the other with numerous blue fpots. The foil of this iiland, (to which the name of Chriftmas Idand was given, becaufc we kept that fellival here,) is, in fome places, light and blackilh and compofed of fand, the dung of birds, and rotteii vegetables. In other parts, it is formed of broken coral (lones, decayed fliclls. and other marine produc- tions. Thefe are depofitcd in long, narrow ridm-" lying parallel with the fca-coaft ; and muft have heei^ thrown up by the waves, though they do not reach at prefent, within a mile of thcfe places. This fecnis to prove inconteftibly, that the iiland has been produced by dillercnt acccdions from the fci, and is in a ftate of augmentation; the broken pieces of coral, ami like- wile many of the (liells, being too large aird heavy to have been brought from the beach by any birds to tin- places where they arc now lying. Though we coiilij not, after repeatedly digging, find a drop of frelli water we met with fcveral fait ponds, which, as thev h.id no communication with the fea, were probablyfillcd Uv the water filtrating through the (;ind during the time (if high tides. One of the men who loft their way found fome fait on the louth-caftern part of the iiland. W'e could not difcover the fmalleft triKcs of any hum,m creature having ever been here before us; and, indeed fliouldany one be accidentally driven on the idnul, or left there, he would hardlv be able to prolong his i\iH. cnce: for though there are birds and filli in abundance there are no vilihle means of allaying thirft, nor any vegetable that would fcrveas a (iibllitute lor hreao, or correct the bail etfeas of animal diet. On the fcwco. coa-nut trees upon the ifland, wc found very little liuit, and that little not good. A few low trees were ob- ferved in liime p.vt -, belidcs fcveral fmall Iluubs and planti, «Iiich grew in a very languid manner. We found a fort of i)urn.iln, a fpecies of fida, or Indian mallow, and another plant that fccme.f, from it< le.ivc;, to lie -A >:!;• ft!iih-:,viihi}iiu'n ; with two forts of gr,;!;. Under the luw trees fat v.ill numbers of a new fpec ici ol tern, or e-g-bird. bl.v.k above, and «hite below havinj; a while anli on the forehead. Thcfe bird^ .lie loinewhat laiy -r than th. common noddy; tluir eggs are bluifti, and fpccklcd with black. There were likewife many common boobics; a fort greatly refenib- lingagannet; and a chocolate-coloured fpecies, with a white belly. Men-of-war birds, curlews, plovers, aiul tropic birds, are to be found here. Wc faw numbers of land-crabs, fmall lizards, and fevcral rats fm.aller tlun ours. This iiland is fupjwfed by Captain Cook to he between 1 5 and 20 leagues in circuit. Its form is feiiii- circular; or like the moon in her laft quarter, the two horns being the north and fouth jxiints. The weft fide, or the linall iiland fituate at the entrance into the la.! goon, lies in 20: deg. 30 min. call longitude, and in the latitude of 1 deg. 59 min. north. Like moft of the other illes in this ocean, Chriftmas Iiland is fur- rounded by a reef of coral rock, extending but a little way from the Ihore; and further out than this rcef,oii the wellern fide, is a bank of land, which extends a mile into the fea. There is good anchorage on this bank, in any depth between eighteen and thirty fathom. During our continuance here, the wind generally blew a frefhgalc at I'i. by S. or V.. and wc had conftantly a great fwell from the northward, which broke on'thc reef in a very violent manner. Friday, the 2nd, at day-break, wc unmoored, fet fail, and relumed our northerly courfe, with the Dif- covery in company. As wc were now clear of land, had a piofperous gale, and plenty of provifions, the men were allowed turtle to boil with their pork, which in a few days was difcontinucd by the advice of the furgeon, and turtle fubftituted in the room of every other kind of meat. This was found both healthful and nourilh- i''.g,and was therelbie continued till within a few days of our arrival at another idand, where we met with fiefh provifions and water equal to any wc brought with us from the Society Ides. On the 3d, the wind diifted, and a ftorm came on, preceded by a lowering darkntfs. that prcfagcd fome violeiit convuldon, and ibon after it broke forth in thunder, lightning, wind and 2 rain, '^ ^^*.4. r with numerous which the name ufc we kept that f,'ht and blackilh, birds, and rotten ormed of broken r marine produc- r, narrow ridges, 1 niuft have been / do not reach at i. This fcenis to is been produced nd is in a ttate of t" coral, ami iikc- rge ami heavy to y any birds to the ■J'hough we co\ild rop of frcfl) water, 1, as they hatl no probably'filled hv during the tunc of ft their way found f the ifland. We c< of any human .' us ; and, indeed, I on the illand, or I prolong hisexirt. filb in abundance, ip thirll, nor any :utc (or bread, or :. On the feu CO. id very little fiiiit, )w trees were ob- fmall (hrubs and jid manner. We )f (Ida, or Indian .1, from iti le.nc;, wo (iirts of gr.ili. s of a new fpcrics and « hite below, ad. 'I'lirfc birds moil noddy; their tack. 'Ihere were )rt greatly refenib- lured fpecies, with ricws, plovers, and rVc faw nunjbers of rats fmailcr than aptain Cook to he Its form is feiui- l quarter, the two ts. The wert lido, rancc into the la- longitude, and in li. Like moll of mas Illand is fur- :nding but a little than this rccf.oii which extends a anchorage on this and thirty (athoiu, nd generally blew had conflantly a lich broke on the wc unmoored, fet ■fe, with the Dif- ow clear of land, )rovi(ions, the men ■ pork, which in a ice of thefurgeon, r every other kind thful and nourilh- within a few days here wc met with any wc brought the 3d, the wind led by a lowering ■t convullion, and ightning, wind and rain, ^i.^ WM t' i \ \ \ J /• J 'A .r-^' K I v\ \ t-H-"-*"*" > ■^ .. /■ inn ■iiwilwiiii III! i •flj • 'Ml* IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) •*'A'^^. 1.0 I.I |5o '*^" IMIH 1^ lis IIIIIM 1.8 1.25 1.4 ||l.6 ^ 6" — ► V] <^ n % A^ /. '/ /A Photographic Sdences Corooration 13 WI:S< MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 87:. 4503 1 A' I i/.x ■■mi t.*,':--''i-*>-nv?..tM«««»(i»i.5<'. ■<♦.•. '*''•■«•• •■ft^nr»V*^if*i^ • •. .-i'isv-ivv :,v. . „ ■ ■' =5r .-■• - •v;":>o-;.l;,' • ' *^^^;rr'l;; • .f :.,.>«! '^•.^;^ ■■A.- 'v^:f-., j^f'>''.%i>:*^«'#iii:; ■ >^1^^>,|^--^.- ^-V-^..1^^«f^!;^. •:...^f^.-J?^# '^^■■- .'f' , ,JS;i i,:,'".^M^'^^^^' .''»>i^»v-, "".ro is'srw-y: *»1 ..^•;.;i ^1? ^s. I I t > ■>w. < i,';l'» r 'to' *.;.»■-•<.■ :"^- ,'tfs^. j' ■ • .,|t :• ' iP^jir' .'■'';' ♦V'^ !4 ,■1 .<«(>•«»«».. -I ~MiiMW>(;<:s'buc, in; that little time, the fe» Jbrdke ovcr,pMr.'<|ua|u4:i 45 nun. N. and in 205 deg.ieall longitude, wh^re wc had oiic day of perfeiit calm. A N. E. by E. wind then fuc- ceeded, which blew faintly at firft, but frefhcned as we proceeded northward. We daily obfqryed tropic birds, boobiifs, &c. and between the latitude of ip and 11 dfg. N. we faw feveral turfleis. Though all thcfe are conlidered as fignsofithe ^roxiitaity of land, wci difcovcrcd none till early in the morning pf Sunday, the 1 8th, when an ifland appeared bearing N. E. by E. Not long after more land was fccr, which bore N. and was totally detached from, the fonricr. At noon, tjie firftwas fuppofed to be 8; or 9 leagues diftant. Oyr longitude at this time, wasaoodeg. 41 min» E. ^nd ouf Utrtudeardegi 12 min. N.i Itheinex^ djiy, at fun-rife, the ifjand firll fceri bore E. dift^nt 7 leagues. Not be- t ingablc to reach this, we (liapcd our courfc for the other; and footiaiter, obfcrvcd a third ifland, bearing W.N.W. ,„.; ., , . _ We had now a fine breeze at E. by N. and, at noon, thcifecond ifland, named ,Atooi, for the call end of which woXcre rtoering, was about two leagues diftant. As we made a nearer approach, many of the inhabit- ants put off from liie more in their canoes, and very readily came along-fidc the fliips. We were agreeably fur- prized to find.tiiac they fpoke,a dialed! oftheOtaheitcan language. They tould not be prevailed on, by any en- treaties, to cotne on boarik Wc conveyed to thofc ip the nearelt canoe fome brafs medals, tied to a rope; and , they, in return, fattened fome mackarel to the rope, by way of an equivalent. This was repeated; and fome. nails or pieces of iron, were given them ; for which they returned in exchange fome more fifli, and a fwcct potatoe; a fure indication of iheir having fome notion of bartering, or, at Icaft, of returning pne prefent for another. One of them even offered for falc tiie piece III ftulf which he worcaboiit his waift. Thefc people- iliit not exceed the ordinary fuc, but arc floutly inat.k'.. Their complexion is brown; and though there appears but little ditVcrence in the calls of their colour, there is a conlidcrahle variation in their features. Mod ol liicivi have their hair cropped (hort; a few had it tied ilia Iniiich at the top of the head; and others fullered it to How loofc. It fetnitd to be naturally black ; but the penerahty ol them had llaincd it with fome Hull wliirh cdiniminitated to it a brownilli colour. Moll of them had pretty Ion|; boards. They had no or- naments about their pcrloiisi nor did wc obfervc that tluy had their ears perforated. Some of them were tstoocd on the hands, or near the groin; and the pieces ot cloth, worn by them rouiul tiuir middle, were cu- iiimlly coloured with white, black and red. They ficined to be mild and j; doned, as not to care to whom they communicate this difeafe. We had an inftance of this lift obfcrvation at Tongataboo, in the gunner of the Difcovery, who had been ftationed on fljorc. After knowing that he had contradled chis difordcr, he continued to have connec- tions with different women, who were fuppdfed to have been, till that time, free from any infe(ftion. His com- panions remonftratcd to him on this fcandalous beha- viour without effed, till Captain Gierke, being informed of it, ordered him to repairon board. During the time the boats were employed in recon- noitering the coaft, we (tood off and on with the (hips. Towards noon our lieutenant returned, and reported, that he had obfcrvcd, behind a beach near one of thr villages, a large pond, faid by the natives to contain frcfli water, and that there was tolerable anchoring ground before it. He alfo had made an attempt to land in another place, but was prevented by the iflanders, who coming down in great numbers to the boats, en- deavoured to take awav the oars, mufqucts, and every other article they could lay hold of; and crowded lo thick upon him and his people, that he was under the neceffity of firing, by which one man was killed. This unfortunate circumffance, however, was not known to Captain Cook till after we had quitted the ifland, fo that all his meafurcs were directed as if no affair of that kind had happened. Mr. Williamfon informed him, that as foon as the man fell, he was taken up and car- ried off by his countrymen, who then retired from the boats : but ffill they made (Icnals for our people to land, which they declined. It did not appear, that the na- tives had the leaft intention of killing, or even hurting any of them, but were excited by curioflty alone, to get from them what they had, being prepared to give, in return, any thing that appertained to thcmfclves. Captain Cook then difpatched one of the boats to lie in the beft anchoring ground; and, when (he had gained this ffation, we bore down with the ftiips, and caft aachor in 15 fathoms water, over a fandy bottom. The eailcrn point of the road, v hich was the low point al- ready mentioned, bore fouth 31 deg. caft; the weft point north 65 deg. weft; and the village near which rhc frcfh water was faid to be, was one mile diftant. 1 he (hips being thus ftationed, between three and four in the afternoon, the captain went afhore with three armed boats, and twelve of the marines, with a view of examining the water, and trying the difpofition of the miives, who had affcmbled in confiderabic numbers on a Tandy beach before the village; behind it was a valley, in which was the piece of water. The moment he leaped on (hore, all the idanders fell proftrate upon their faces, and continued in that pofturc, till, by ftgns, he piTvailcd on them to rife. They then prefcnted to him many fmall pigs, with plantain trees, malTmg ufc of nearly the fame ceremonies which we had fecn prac- tifcd, on fimilar occafions, at the Society, and othei' ides, and a long oration or prayer being pronounced by an individual, in which others of the affcmbly joiried occaTionally. The capuia figiiiticd hi* acceptance of I therr^ prbfRlrett firiendlhlp. by beftbwing on thiem, in 1 return, fuch prefects as ne had brought afhore. This introdu(flory dc for filling iirc we wenc party of iiuu nded, than a. s, which the I I iron. Fat vho were oc- ■m in rolling formed with Leaving the I, who landed ntry, into the and Webber, fwhom, who inofder, the ^li« man, from of our gcntle- poftrate on the n till wc had formed, is the' n chieft. At the coaft, wc te objecU, rc- ofed to be at % from our an- lall diftance up t was the prin- :(l to be in fuch \e pool of water :rcwn» aiiothsr it upon our tide Wc found it to ai, which bore b, to ihofc wc It was an (^ oned by a Hone ofcd fpacc was placed the obe- lananoo, which ; had fecn from leight, and four were formed of branches, thus hollow within, ared to be in a covered with a Here long picici mdition equally di each other at ere placed on a feet. This the 1 the fruit wai loowerefcversl jance of human [o feet in height, on the outlidc [they call harcc- thc remains of Ic further fide of or fticd, called Iten in breadth, Bderably longer, fions. Opplitc fo images, near wood, withpc- Vchcina, or re- lot very indiftc- 1 the head of one [nlike the hcail- on that ot the rmbling thofeof had pieces of inn down a con- ' fiderablc \ sir m 1 — -^^v-- l,r>^^ % f wwmm If' '•iiliiillll' L r ^ ;f I illlllllJlliiltilllllili .pniHiP* '" Ill fc'll :.,.' f" 1; "1 ■"'^'■" ' iili il,:!: « mii ! !i,. im iiii I "« nil Wit j^i^ . .'■;■ WiM mm-'. Mw mw ■mm g :mii 11 S!'^' "4" iiiiil'' jli ■ '1...'"'*:^:" ■■ ■' y'i I If mW': '' I I m I mam 'Hjj ..■■mil ii»fa>r COOK'« THIRD and LAST VOYAGE^To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 517 M,.;,i I'll*' •t: ■ i lii'-'- ■.'d/''' ■1^5^ ^f.. li ■i «vV •Tin .1 fidcnbie my. At the fide of each was alfi> a piece of carved wood, with cbth hung on it. Before the pe- deftak hf a quantity of (em, that had been . placed there at diflfintnt time*. In the middle of the noufe, and before the imagciit wa« an oblons fpace, indofed by an cdg= .^ of ftone, and coveted witn Ihredt of cloch : thii wai 'ih« grave of feven chiefr, and wai called hcneene. We had already met with fo many inftancei of tefirmUance, between the motai we were nqw viiit- ing, anddiofe oCthe iflands we had lately vifited, that we entertained little doubt in our own mind* of the fimilaricy in thtir ritei, and particularly in the horrid obh^ion of faoman fiKrifioei. Our fufpicioni were foon ciMtfirmedi for iide, who de- clared to us, that three human (acrihcei, one at the funeral of each chief, had been buried there. Indeed, every appearance induced us to believe, that this in* human pra^ice was very general. In many fpots within this burying-oround, were planted trees of the Morinda Citrifolia, and Cordia Sebaftina, befides feveral plants of the Etee, with the leaves of which the hemanaa yom. thatched. Our journey to and from this moral, lay through the pianutions. W« obferved moft of the ground was perfedUy flat, with ditchea interfe^ng diltcrent paru, and roads that icemed to have been nilni to bmc height by art. The intervening fpaces, in general, were planted with uro, which grew with great vigour. There were feveral fjwxs where toe cloth-mulberry was planted, in regular rows; this alfo grew vigoroufly. The cocoa* tiees were in a lieCi thrivina conditum, and were all low; but the plantain-trecs made a pretty good appearance. Upon tnc whole, the trees that are moft numerous around this vilh^e, are the coidia fcbaftiiu. The greatcft part of the village is nearthe beadti, and con- m* of upwards of fixty houfes there, and we fiiw near forty more fcatterrd about towatdf the morai. After we had carefully exammed whatever wu worthy of no> tice about the morai, we returned by a different rout. We found a multitude collcdnd at the beach, and a brilk trade for fowls, pigs, and vegetables, going on, with the greateft order aind decorum : at noon Captain Cook went on board to dinner, and then fent Mr. king to uke the comnund of die party on flure. During the afternoon he landed anin, accompanied by Caprain Clerke, intending to make another excurfion up the country r but bcrare be could execute this deiign the day was too fir i^wnii he therefore relinquilhed his in- tention for the pvefent, and no opportunity afterwards occuncd. Toward fun-fot, theCaptain and our people returned onboard, after having procured, in thecourfeof this day, nine tons of water, and (principally by exchans- ing nails, and pieces of iron) uventy pigs, lome fowls, plantains, poutoes, and uro roots. In this commer- cial intercouric, the iflanders dcferved our beft com- mendations, making no attempts to cheat m, either along fide our (hips, or on (hore. Some of them, in- deed, as we have already related, betrayed at firft a pilfering difpofition, or, perhaps, they inuigined that they had a right to all they could fay their hands on 1 but they quickly defiftcd from a condud, which, we convinced them, could notbeperfevered in with inv. punity. AnKHw the various articles which they brought to barter this wy, we wei« particulariy picafed with a fort of cloak and cap, which, even in more polifhed countries, might b^ ellccmed elegant. Thefe cloaks are nearly of tM ihapc and da* oTth- l.ort ones worn by the men in Spain, and by the women in England, tied loofety fidbn;, tod rcacluag to the middle « the 1 was not attended with nu(cb wind. On the back. The ground of them is a network, with the moft beautiful red and yellow feathers fo cloCdy fixed up it, that the furfticc, Iwth in point of fmoothnefs and r glOfTriiefs, refembles the richeft velvet. The methods of raiying the mixture are vciy different, Ibme of them liaving triangular fjpaces of yellow and red alternately 1 others a fort of crefcent; while fome were entirely red, except that they had a broad yellow border. The brif-. liant colour of the feathers, in thofe cloaks that were new, had a very fineeffed. The natives, at firft, re- fiifed to part with' one of thefe cloaks for any thing we offered in exchange, demanding no Icfs price than oni of our mufqucts. They afterwards, however, parted with fome of them for very large nails. Thofe of the beft fort were fcarce; and it is probable, that they are ufed only on particular occafions. The caps are made in the form of a helmet, with the middle part or creft, frequently ot a hand's breadth. They fit very clofe upon the head, and have notches to admit the ears. They confift of twigs and ofiers, covered with net-work, into which feathcn are wrought, as upon the cloaks, but. fomewhat clofer, and lefs diverfificd ; the major part beiiw red, with fome yellow, erccn. Or black ftripes, on the fides. Thefe caps, in all probability, complete; the drefs, with the cloaks ; for the iflanders appeared: fometimes in both together. We could not conie6lure> from whence they wtained fuch a quantity of thefe. beautiful feathers; but we foon procured intelligencf, refpeding one fort ; for they afterwards brought for fide great numbers of fkins of a fmall red fpecies of birds, frequently tied up in bunches of twenty or up- wards, or having a wooden fkewer run through them. At firft, thofe tlut were purchafed confifted only of the fkin from behind the wines forward t but we afterwards oboined many with the hind part, including the feet and tail. The former infUntly {uggttled to us the ori> gin of the fable of the birds of paradife being deftitute of legs, and fufEciently explained that particular. Thq reafon affigned bv the mhabitants of Atooi for thecuftom of cutting off the feet of thefe birds, is, that by this pndice they can preferve them the more eafily, with- out lofingany part which they confider as more valuable. According to Mr. Anderfon, the red bird of this ifland is a fpecies of merops, about as larse as a fparrow ; ita colour a beauti&l fcarlet, with the tails and winea bhck ; a bill arehed, and twice as long as the head, which, with the feet, is of a reddifh hue. The content* of the heads were uken out, as in the birds of paradife t but we did not find that they pradiccd any other mode of prefervine them, than thatof fimple drying. On Thuriday the 33d we had almoft continual rain for the whole morning. The wind was at S. E. S, S. E. and S. and the furf broke fo hish upon the fhore, that our boats were prevented from unding. We were not in a very fiscure fituation, there being breakere within the length of little more than two cables from the Rctb- lution's ftem. The lutives, notwithftanding the furf, ventured out in their canoes, bringing off to us hogi and vegetables, which they exchanged, as before, lor our commodities. One of their number, who offered fome fifh>hooks for fale, was obferved to have a very fmall parcel, faftened to the ftring of one of them, which he carefully feparetcd, and refbrvcd for himfelf, when he had difpoAd of the hook. Upon being aiked what it was, he pointed to his belly ; faying, at the fame time, it was bad. He was requeftcd to open the parcel^ which he did with ereat reluaance, and we found that it con- tained a fnun thin piece of flefh, which had, to all ap- pearance, been dried, but was at prefent wet with fait water. Imagining that it might be human flefh, we put the queftton to the producer of it, who anfwercd, that the flclh wu part of a man. Another of the iflanden who ftood near him was then afkcd, whether it was a cuftom among them to eat their enemies who had been flain in battle i and he immediately replied in the affir- mative. In the afternoon we had fome intervals of fair weather. The wind then changed to the £. and N. £. but, toward* the evening, it veered back again to S. S. £. The rain alfo returning, continued the whole night, but 33d, at H. 52.8 Cipt. C o: O K 's VOYAGES COMPLETE. feveii o'clock A. M. a north-cafterly breeze fpriiiging up, our anchors were ordered to be taken up, with a view of removin}* the Refolution further out. As foon Sii the laft anchor was up, the wind veering to the caft, rendered it nerfeflary to make all the fail wc could, for the purpofe of clearing the Ihorc- fo that before wc had cckhI fca-room,we were driven confiderably to leeward. Wc endeavoured 10 regain the road, but having a ftrong current againit us, and very little wind, we could not accouiplilh that defign. Our Commodore therefore difpatchcd MclTrs. Kmg and Williamfon afhorc, with three boats, to procure water and rcfrclhmcnts, fending at thcf*iiie time, an order to Cjiptain Clerk, to put to Tea after him, if he fliould find that the Refolution was unable to recover the road. Having hopes of linding perhaps a harbour, at the wcIV end of the illand, wc were the Icls anxious of regaining our former Itation; but brats having been fcnt thither, wc kept as much as poinble to windward, notwithlUnding which, at noon, our fliip was three leagucsto leeward. As we approached the weft end, we found that the coatl rounded gradually, to' the N. E. without forming a cove, or creek, wherein a velfel might be Ihcltcrcd from the violence of the (\\ell, which rolling in from the northward, broke ■gairtft the Ihorc in an amazing furf : all hopes, therefore, of meeting with a harbour here foon vanilhed. Many of the naiives, in their canoes, followed us as wc ftood Out to fea, bartering various articles. As wc were ex- tremely unwilling, notwithftanding the fjfpicious cir- cUmllanccs of the preceding day, to believe that ihefc people were cannibids, wc now niadcfome further en- quiricc on this fubjcdf. A fmall inrtrument of wockI, befct with fliark's teeth, had been piirchafcd, which, as it rcfcmbled the faw or knife made ufe of by the favages of New Zealand to dilFecl the bodies ai' their enemies, was fufpcCtcd by us to be employed here for the fame purpofe. One of the idandcrs being oucftioncd on this point, informed us, that the inllrumcnt aLvjvc men- tioned fervcd the jnirpofc of cutting out the ticftiy part of tlie belly, wiicn any perfon was (lain. This cx- plaincil and confirmed the circumlfancc before related, t>\ the man's pointing to his belly. The native, how- ever, from wliom we now received this intelligence, being alkcd whether his countrymen cat thcpar^ithus cut out, Ihongly denied it; but when the qutltfon was repeated, he Ihewcd fome degree of appiehenlion, and f«am off to his canoe. An elderly roan, who fat forc- luolJ in the canoe, was then afkcd, whether they cat the 111 111, and he anfwered in the aflirmative. The queftion bfingput to himafecoiid time, he again affirmed the fad; adding that it was favoury food. In the evening, about feven o'clock, the boats returned with a few hogs, fnnic roots, plantains, and two tons of water. Mr, King reported to our Commodore, that the iilanders were very numerous at the watering place, and had brought great numbers of hogs to barter; but our peo- ple had not commodities witii them fufhcicnt to pur- thafc them all. He alfo mentioned, that the furf had run lb very high, that it was with extreme difficulty our rii-n landed, and afterwards got back into the boats. On Saturday, the 24th, at day-break, we found that our lliip had been carried by the currents to the N. W. nnd N. fo that the weftcrn extremity of Atooi, bore E. at the diftancc of one league. A northerly breer.c fprung up foon after, and, expefting that this would bring the Difcovery to fca, wc fleered for Oncehcow, a neigh- bouring illand, which theai bore S. W. with a view of am horing there. We continued to fteer for it till part eleven, whcnwc were diflant from it about fix miles: but not feeing the Difcovery, wc were appreheniivc left foiiic ill conlequcncc might arifc from our feparating fo far i wc therefore rcliiiquinied the dclign of vifiting Oncehcow for the prcfcnt, and flood back to Atooi, in- fcmling to call anchor again in the road, in order to (ompk'ie our lupply of water. At two o'clock, the northerly wind was fucceedcd by calms and variable light airs, which continued till eleven at nighr. We IheH hed to the S. E. till early in the morning of the acth, whcnwc tacked and ftood in for Atooi road; and, not long after, wc were joined by the Difcovery. 1 Wc remained fcvcral days lx:ating up, but in vain, to re- gain our former birth 1 and by the morning of Thurlday, the 29th, the currents had carried us to the wcftward, within nine miles of Onceheow. Weary with plying fo unfucccf»fully, wc laid alide all thoughts of returning to Atooi, and rcfumcd our intention of paying a vilii to Oncehcow. With this view the mafter was aifpatchcd in a boat to found along the coaft, and fcarch for a land- ing place, and afterwards frelli water. In the mean time the ihips followed under an eafy fail. The maf- ter, at his return, reported, that there was tolerable an- ichorage all along the coaft ; and that he had landed in one place, but could not find any frcfti water; but be- ing informed by (om6 of the natives, who had come off to the Ihips, that frefti water might be obtained at a village in light, we ran down and caft anchor before it, about fix furlongs from the ihorc, the depth of water being 26 fathoms. The Difcovery anchored at a greater diftancc from the fliorc, in 23 fathoms. The fouth- 'coftcrn point of Oncehcow bore fuuth, 6$ deg.E. about one league diftant; and another illand which wc had; difcovered the preceding night, named Tahoora, bore • S. 61 dcg. W. iliftant 7 leagues. Before wc anchored, .cveral canoes had come oft' to us, bringing (Potatoes, yams, fmall pigs, and mats. The people rcfcmbled in their perfons the inhabitants cf .\tooi, and, like them, were acquainted with the ufe of iron, which they alkcd for by the names of toe and hamaite, readily parting with all their commodities for I piece t of that metal. Some more canoes foon reached our ihips, after they had come to anchoi;: but the iflandcrs who wore in thefe had apparently no other, objed, than to nuike us a formal viiit. Many of them come on board, and crouched down on the deck; nor did they quit that humble pofturc, till they were re- i]\ielled to rife. Several women.whom they had brought with them, remained along-fidc the canoes, behaving with much Icfs modefty than the females of Atoui; and, at intervals, they oil joined inafong, which, though, not very melodious, wat performed in the cxadeft con- cert, by beating time upon their brcafts with their hands. The men who had come on board did not continue long with us ; and before their departure, fome of them defired pemifRon.ito lay down locks of hair on the dcckr This tdayiwci renewed the enquiry whe- ther thefc iftanders were cahnib.iis, and the fubjecl did not arifc from any qucftions put by us, but ; from a cir- cumftancc that icemed to rchiovc all doubt. One of the natives, who wifhed to get in at the gun.room port, was refufcd, and he then afkcd, whether *e ftiould kill and eat him, if he ftiould conif in? accompanying thisqucftion with figns fo cxprcfTtvc, that wc did not entertain a doubt with rcfpcdl to his meaning. We had now an opportunity of retorting the queftion, as to thi« pradicc; and a man behind the other, in the canoe, in- ftantly replied, that, if wc were killed on ihorc, they would not fcruple to cat us ; not that he meant they would deftrov us for that purpofe, but that their devour- ing us would be the conlcquence of our being at en- mity with them. In the afternoon, Mr. Gore was fent with three armed boats, in fcarch of the moft commo- dious landing-place; being alfo dircdlcd to look foi (relh water when he ihould get afliorc. He returned in the evening, and reported, that he had landed at the village, and had becnconduded to a well about half a mile up the country; bat that the water it contained was in too fmall a quantity for our purpofe, and the road that led to it was extremely bad. On Friday, the 30th, Mr. Gore was fent afhorc again, with a guard, and a party to trade with the inhabitants for refrcftiments. The Captain's intention was to have followed foon afterwards; and he went from the (hip with thatdcfign : but the iurf had fo greatly increafed by this time, that he was apprchenfive, if he got afliore, he (hould not be able to make his way back again. This circumftancc really happened to our people who had landed with Mr. Gore ; for the communication between them and the ftiips, by our own boats, was S|uickly ftopped. They made a (ignal, in the evening, or the boats, which were accordingly f(:nt ; and in a llioit I r-i-r— 7 COOKs THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEANj ficc. 529 \: s- : (^ «: .!5 ■i'.\ i-i ■aI ■ \ •' Ihort time afterwards returned with fome good f«lt, and a few yaini. A cnnfidcrablc quantity of both thcfe »r- ticlei had been obtiiined in the rourie of the day 1 but thefurf was foexccedingly hif;h,ith«t thccrcatcft part of both had been loft in bringing them ontotlic boat*. The officer and twenty men, not venturing to run the rtfciuc of coming off", remained all night on (horc, by which unfortunate circumftance, the very thing hap- pened w^iich Captain Cnok, as we have already related, fo eagerly wiflicd to prevent, and imagined he had guarded effedually againll. However, the violence of the furf did not deter the natives from coming oil in canoes to our (hips. They brought with them fome refrefhmenu, for which we gave them in exchange, fome nails, and pieces of iron hoops; and we dillri- ' butcd among the women in the canoes, buttons, brai c- Icts, and many pieces of ribbons. Some ol the men had reprefentations of human tigurcs punc'tured upon their brealh, and one of them had a lizard repnfentcil. Thcfe vifitants told iia no chief was over this illand, but that it W.1S fubjea to one of the chiefs of Atooi, whofe name was Tencooncoo. Among other articles which they now brought oiK to us, was a (mall drum, that had a great rcleinblancc to thofc of Otahcite. Between tenandelcvcno'clockatnight,thewind became fouthcrly, andthe Iky feeined to indicate an approach- ing llorm. In conifqucnce of thcCc thrcatining ap- pearances orders were given for the anchors to be taken up; and the fliips being carried into 40 fathoms water, came to again in that more fecurc Ifation; yet this IKoved an unncccdary precaution ; for the wind, not ong after, veering to the N. N. K. blew a frefh gale, with fqualls, and violent fliowtrs of rain. This wea- ther continued for the whole fucceedim; day, durin;^ which the fea ran fo high, that all cominiinication with our party on Ihore was totally intercepted, and the iflanders themfelvc^ would not venture outto the (hips in their cancx-s. Towanls the evening, the Commo- dore fent the mafter in a boat to the S. K. point of the idand, to try whether he could land in that quarter. He returned with a favourable re}>ort ; but it was now too late to fend forour party, fo that they were obliged to rtay another night on (bore. On Sundav, the \\\ of February, on the appear ance of day-light, a boat was dilpatcbed to the S. K. point, witii oftlcrs to Lieutenant Gore, that, i( he could not embark his people from the fpot where they at prefent were, ho fliould march them up to the point. The boat being jircvented from getting to the beach, one of the crew fwam to the fliore, and communicated the inftrudions. On the return of our boat. Captain Cook went himfelf with the launch and pinnace up to the point, in order to bring of our party from the land. We took with us three goats, one male, the others female; a young boar and low of the P^nglifh breed; and alfo the feeds of onions, pumpkins, and me- lons. With great eafc, we landed under the weft (ide of the point, where we (bund our party, in company with fome of the natives. To one of thefc, who af- fumed fome degree of authority over the reft, the Cap- tain gave the goats, pigs, and feeds. He intended to have left thefe ufcflil prelcnts at Atooi, had we not been unexpcdcdiy driven from that ifland. While our peo- ple were employed in filling fome water-calks, from a little ftream which the late rains had occafioned. Cap- tain Cook made a (hort excurfion into the country, accompanied by the ifiander above-mentioned, and followed by two others, who carried the pigs. When arrived upon a rifme ground, the Captain (topped to kwk around him, ana immediately obfcrved a woman, on the oppofite fide of the valley in which he had landed, calling out to her countrymen wbo attended him. Upon tnis the man who adled as chief began to mutter fomethin^, as if he was praying: and the two bnrers of the pigs continued walking round him all the time».making about a dozen circuits oefore the other had made an end of his oraifon. This ftrangc cere- mony being performed, they proceeded on their walk, and met people cortiing from all parts, who upon be- ing called to by the Captain's attendants^ fell proftrate No. 65. on their faces till he was out of fight. The gror.nd over 'vhich he palFed, though it was uniuli od and very ftoney,was covered with plants and ftirub»,fomcof which pcrnimed theair with the moft delicifHH fragrance. Uur party who had been iletainrd (b long an (bore, found in thofc parts of the illand they had travcrfcd, feycral fait ponds, fome of wdich had a fmall quantity of watv naining, Init <> S, is had none. They law no appcarai 'a r.miMug Itrcam; and though in fome (inall wclUii.j frvih water was pretty gooil, it feemed to be fcarco, I'he hoiifes of the natives were ihmiy inhabited, and fcittered alxnit; 'and it was fiippofed, that there were not more than 500 perfons in the whole ifland. The method of living among thcfe pcdple was decent and cleanly. No inllance was ohl'tTved of the men and women eating together; an! the latter ftcmcd in general to be a(U)ciatC(l in ( oinp»;\ies by themiVivcs. The only nuts of the dooe ilooc arc burned by thefe iflanders for lights during; the night ; and they drefs their hogs by biking them in ovens, I'plitring thtui through the whole ler> ih of thecaicafs. Our people met with a futlicie'.t proof of the exillence of the taboo among them; for one womri was employed in feeding another, flic being under that interdiction. Several other myfterious ceremonies were alfo obllivcd; one of which was prrtormcd by a woman, who ihrevv a pig into the furf, which was drowned; (he then tied up a bundle of wood, and dilpofed of it in the fame manner. At another time, the fame tlniiie beat a man's llioulders with a (lick, after he h.id featcd him- felf (01 that purpofe. An extraordinary veneration fcemcd to be paid hereto owls, which they keep very t.une. It is a prett> general pri.tico anwng them, to pull out one of thru teeth; and when they were alkid thercafonof this remarkable cuHom, the only ani'wcr they gave «as, it is tceha; which was alfo the rcafi.n adij^neii by them (or giving a lork of hair. After our water calks had been (illed, and Ibmc roots, fait, and falted (lib, had been purchafed from the natives, we re- turned en board with all oiirpcnplc, intending to make another vilit to the illand the next day: but, about fe- ven in the evening, the anchor of our Ibip (hrted, and llie drove olV the bank. By this accident, we found ourfclves, at day-break the next morning, being the 2nd, nine miles to the leeward of our laft (tation; andthe Captain forefeeing that it would require more time to regain it than hcchofe to employ, made the fignal for the Difcovcry to weigh anchor and join us. At noon both fhips took their departure, and ftccrcd to the northward, in piofccuition of their voyage. But before we proceed to the northern hemifphcre, in order to make new difcovcrics, we (ball prelent the friends and fubfcribers to this hidory of voyages, with the obfcr- vations, made by fcvcral of our gentlemen, on this whole cluftcrofillc?, which Captain Cook diftinguiflicd by the name of S.andwicb Illands, in honour of the, Earl of Sandwich. Thofe which wc faw arc (ituated between the latitude of 31 deg. 30 min. and 22 deg. 15 mini N. and between the longitude of 199 deg. 20 min. and aai deg. 30 min. E. They arc not inlerior in beauty and fertility to the Friendly Iflands in the fouthcrn hemifphcre, nor are the inhabitants lefs ingenious or civilized. It is wor- thy of obfervation, that the idands in the Pacific Ocean, which have been difcovered in the courfe of our late voyages, have been generally found (ituatc in groups ; the lingle intermediate ifles, hitherto met with, being few in proportion to the reft ; though, in all probabi- lity, there are many more of them yet unknown, which fcrvc as gradations or fteps between the feveral cluf- tcrs. Of what number this new-diltovered archipelago is compofed, mufl be left to the decifion of future na- vigators. Wc obfervcd five of them, whofe names arc Woahoo, Atooi, Onecheow, Oieehoua, and Tahoora. This laft is a fmall elevated idand, at the diftance of four or five leagues from the S. E. point of Onecheow, Wc were told, that it abounds with birds, its fole inha- bitants. Wc alb gained intelligence of the exiftenge of a low uninhabited ifland in the neighbourhod, named Tammata-pappa. Btfides ?hcfe lix, we were told thas 6 S thetc 53° Capt. COO VOYAGES CO M'P L fl T E. there \» ere fome oiher illands both to the eai\wgrd and weHward. There fcems to be a remarkable confor- mity (obferves one of our gentlemen) between thefc i<1ands and thereof the oppoute hemifpherc, not only in thcirrituation,but intheir number, and in their manners, cudomSiRrts, and manufaduresof theinhabitants; yct.it can fcarcdy be imagined, that they could ever have any communication, ai the globe is now condituted, being more that 2000 miles Jillant one from the other: but from this general conformity among the tropical illand- ers, fome have been led to believe, that the whole mid- dle region of the earth, was once one entire continent, and that what is now the Great South Pacific Ocean was, in the beginning, the Paradifc of rhe World. With rcfpcd to Woahoo, the moft eafterly of thefe idands, feenbyus, we could get no other information, than that it ii high land, and inhabited. But as toOnee- hcow, concerning which fome particulars have been al- ready mentioned, this lies fcven leagues to the weO- ward of our anchoring-placc at Atooi, and does not ex- ceed 1 5 leagues, or 45 miles, in circumference. Yams are its principal vegetable produdion. We procured fome fait here, called by the natives patai, which is pro- duced in fait ponds. With it they cure both filh and pork; .-ind fome fait filh, which we purchifed from them were kept very well, and extremely good. This idand is chicRy low land, except the part oppofite Atooi, which rifes immediately from the fea to'a confi- derabic height; as docs alfo us S. E. point, which ter- minates in a round hill. We know no other particu- lars concerning Oneeheow : anci of Oreehoua we can only fay, that it is a fmall elevated ifland, lying clofc to the north fide of Oneeheow. Atooi was the principal fcene of our operations, and the largeft ifland we faw. From our obfervations, we think it to be at lead 30 miles in length from E. to W. from whence its circumference may nearly be deter- mined, though it appears to be much broader at the E. than at the W. pomt. The road, or anchoring place, which our vcfltis occupied, is on the S. W. fide of the illand, about two leagues from the wed end, before a village, named Wymoi. As far as we founded, we found the banks free forn rocks; except to the caft- ward of the village, whore there projetila a fhoal, on which are fome rocks and breakers. This road is fome- what cxpofcd to the trade wind; notwithftanding which, it is far from being a bad Ration, and greatly fuperior to thofe which necedity continually obliges lliips to ufe, in countries where the winds arc not more variable, but more boiderous; u at Madeira, Tene- riffe, the Azores, &c. The landing too is not fo diffi. cult as at mod of thofe places ; and, unleft in foul weather, is always pradicable. The water in the neigh, bourhood is excellent, and may be conveyed with cafe to the boats. But no wood can be cut at any conve- nient didancc, unleft the iflanders could be prevailed upon to part with theetooa treci, (for that is the name they give to the cordia febaftina) that grow about their villages, or a fpecies called dooc dooe, which grows iarther up the country. The land docs not in the lead refcmble, in its general appearance, any of the iflands Mc have vifited within the tropic of Capricorn ; if we except its hills near the centre, which arc high, but Hope gradually towards the fea, or lower lands. Fhough ii pre^nts not to the view the delightful borders cf Ota- hcitc, or the luxuriant plains of Fongataboo, covered with trees, which at once aftbrd a fhelterfrom^hc fcorch- ing rays of the fun, abeautiful jprofpcd to ih- eye, and food for the natives ; yet its poflcflinga greater portion of gently rifing land, renders it, in fome aegree, (apcrior to the above-mentioned favourite iflands, as odng more capable of improvement. The height of the land within, and the clouds which we faw, during the whole time of our continuance, hanging over it, and not unfrc- qucntly on the other parts, fccm to indicate that there is a fufRcient fupply of water, and that there are fome run- ningftrcanis which we had an opportunity of feeing, par- tivularly in the deep vallics, at the entrance of which the villages are, in general, lituated. The ground, from (he woody part to the fea, is covered with an excellent kind of graft, about two feet in height, which ItMiict. times growl in tufts, and appeared capable of Ihim^ converted into abundant crops of fuie hay. But on thu extenlive fpace not even a ihrub growi naturally. In the narrow valky leading to the Morai, the foil is of a dark brown colour, rather loofc; but on the high f round, it isof a reddiflibrown, more tlitVandcluyey, t is probably the fame all over the cultivated p,irts| for what adhered to mod of the potatoes that we pm ! chafed, which, doubtleft, came from very diUcrriit fpots, wai of ^his fort. Its quality, however, may be better edimated from its produdions, than from its ap. pearance: for the vale, or moid ground, produces tare, much larger than any we had ever feen; and the more elevated ground furniflies fwect potatoes, that fiUloin weigh lelt than two or three pounds, and frequently weigh ten, and fometimes fourteen pounds. Were wc to judge of the climate from our expe- rience, it might be faid to be very variable; for ac- cording to the general opinion, it was, at this time, the fcafon of the year when the weather is fuppofcl to Ix: moft fettled, the fun bring at his grcated aniual il.l- tance. The heat was now very moderate 1 .«;ui lew of thofe inconveniences to which many of the countries lying within the tropics are fubjcct, cither from heat, or moidure, fcem to be experienced here. Nor did wc liiul any dews of confcquence: a circumdancc which may partly be accounted for, by the lower part of the coun- try being deditute of trees. The rock that conditmc» the fides of the valley, is a dark grey ponderous Huir'; but honey-combed, with fomefpots of a rullycolour.ainl fome very minute fliining particles intcrfperfed. It u of an immenfe depth, anu fecms to be divided in!i» drata, though nothing is intcrpofcd: for the lari;c pieces always broke oil to a determinate tliicknefs, aii.i did not appear to have adhered to thofe thai wiiv below them. Other doncs are, in all probability, nnu 1 more v.-irious than in the fouthern iflands. lorduriiv; the fliort time wc remained here, betides the lapis lyJ diut, we found a fpecies of cream-coloured whctflonc, fometimes variegated with whiter or blacker veins like marble ; and common writing-flatc, as well as fome of a coarfer fort ; and the natives brought us fome pieces of a coarfe whitidi pumice done. We alfo procured a brown fort of haematites, which from its being firongly attraded by the magnet, difcovcred the quantity of me- tal it conuined. What wc faw of this was cut artifi- cially,as were alfo the dates and whetdones. Of vegetablct, birds, fidi, and tanic animals, wc fnv various kinds. Bcfides the vegetables purchafed by ii« as refrefliments, among which were, at lead, five or fix varieties of plantains, the illand produces bread-fruit, and the fugar-cane : the former fcems to be fcarce, as wc only (aw one tree of that fpecies; but the latter appears to be indigenous to thefc iflands, and rare m thofe on the other fide of the line. There are alfo here a few cocoa-palms ; fome y^'^i: the kappe of the Friendly Ifles, or Virginian ari.. , the etooa tree, and odoriferous gardenia, or Cape Jafminc. Wc faw feveral trees of the dooc dooe, that bear the oily nuts, which arc duck upon a kind of fltcwer, and made ufe of as candles. They are ufed in the fame manner at Oneeheow. Wc were not afliore at Atooi except in the day-time, and then we obferved the iflanders wear- ing thefc nuts, hung on drings, rpiind their necks. There is a fpecies ot fida, or Indian mallow ; alfo the morinda citrifolia, which is here called none; a fpecies of convolvulus; the ava, or intoxicating pepper, be- fidcs great quantities of gourds. Thefc Tad grow to a very large fize, and are remarkable for their variety of fliapet, the effcd, perhaps, of art. Upon the dry land, about the village grows a plant, that had never been feen by us in this ocean, of rhf; fize of a coininon thidic, and pricklyi but b>'itiii(; a fine flower, greatly rcfembling a white poppy, i nc fcailct birds, brought for fale, were never met widia'' . but we faw a fiiiail one, about the fize of a ^anary bir 1, of a deep crimfon colour. We alfo faw a !aik!;e v(, two brown hawks, or kites, and a wild duck. V'v ticii. J from the natives tiie names of fome other biifiiir; aiuong which were tiie otoo, ^■f ■ ^^^n^m mm ■-'■<■ '*»««■«*,- :* ''ii^ji^^ t' )/, . .«f' 1 t; I mm. ,i!« ■Ttiir COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE—To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 531 otoo, or blucifti heron, and the torata, a fort of whitn- brel. It is probable that the fpecies of birds are nu- merous, if we may juiee by the quantity of fine yellow, green, and fmall velvet-like blackifh feathers, ufed upon the cloaks, and other ornaments worn by thefe people. Fifti, and other produdlions of the fea, were, to appear- ance, not various i as, befides the fmall mackarel, wc only faw common mullets ; a fpecies of a chalky co- lour; a fmall brownifh rock-fi(h, adorned with blue foots : a turtle, which was penned up in a pond; and three or four forts of fifli falted. The few fliell-fifli fecn by us were chiefly converted into ornaments, though they were dcftitutc of the recommendation either of beauty or novelty. The only tame or domeftic ani- mals that wc found here were hogs, dogs, and fowls, which were all of the fame kind that we met with at the iflands of the South Pacific. There are alfo fmall li- zards; and fome rats, rcfcmbling thofe of every ifland we had hitherto vidtcd. The inhabitants of Atooi are of the middle fizc, and not much tattowed. In general they arc ftoutly made, with a lively open countenance ; but they are remark- able for having neither a beautiful fliape, nor ftriking features. Their vifage, particularly that of the women, is fomeiimes round; but in others long; nor can it juftly be liiid, that they arc diftinguilhcil, as a nation, by any peculiar caft of countenance. Their complexion is nearly of a nut brown ; but fome individuals are of a darker hue. We have already mentioned the women as being little more delicate than the men in their for- mation; and wc may add, that, with few exceptions, they have little claim to thofe peculiarities that diftin- guidi the fex in tnoft other parts of the world. There is, indeed, a very remarkable equality in the fize, colour, and figure, of the natives of both fcxes : upon the whole, however, they are far from being ugly, and have, to all appearance, few natural deformities of any kind. Their fkin is not very foft, nor fliining; but their eyes and teeth arc, for the moft part, pretty good. Their hair, in general, is ftraight; and though its natural colour is ufually black, they ftain it, as at the Friendly and other idands. We perceived but few inftances of corpu- lence, and thefe more frequently among the women than the men; but it was principally among the latter that perfunal defeds were obfcrved ; though if any of them can lay claim to a fliarc of beauty, it appeared to be mod confpiciious among the young men. They are adive, vigorous, and moft expert wimmers ; leaving their canoes upon the moft frivolous occafion; diving under them; and fwimming to others, though at a conliderable diftance. We have frequently feen women with infants at the brcafl, when the furf was fo high as to prevent their hinding with canoes, leap overboard, andfwim to the Ihorc, without endangering their little ones. They appear to be of a frank, chearful difpoli- tiop; antJ are equally free from the fickle levity whid. characterizes the inhabitants of Otaheitc, and the fe- d.ite raft, obfervable among iiKiiiy of thofe of Tonga- taboo. They ftcm to cultivate a foe iable intorcourfe with each other; and, ouopt the propcniity to thiev- ing, which is, as it were, innate in moft of the people wehave vifitcd in thefe feas, they were extremely friendly to us. And it does no fmall credit to their fenfibility, without flattering ourfclves, thai when they faw the dilTerent articles of our European manufactures, they could not refrain from expreding their aftonidmient, by a mixture of joy and concern, that feemed to apply the cafe as a leflbn of humility to themfelves; and on every occafion, they appeared to have a proper conf( ioufnel$ of their own inferiority; a behaviour that .qually ex- empts their national charader from the ridiculous pride of the more poliflied Japanefe, and of the ruder native of Greenland. It was pleafing to obferve with what affeftion the women managed their infants, and with what alacrity the men contributed their afliftancc in fuch a tender office; thus diftinguilhing themfelves from thofe favages who confidcr a wife and child as things rather neceflary than dcfirabic, or worthy of their regard or cftcem. From the numbers that we faw allciiibled at every village, as wc coaftcd along, it may beconjeftured, that the inhabitants of thi;; ifland are pretty numerous. Including the ftraggling houfes, there may perhaps be, in the whole ifland, lixry fucli villages, as that near which our fliips anchored ; and, if we allow five perfons to each houfe, there will be, in every village 500. or 30,000 upoa the ifland. Tliis num- ber is by no means exaggerated, for there were fomc- times 3000 people, at leaft, colledled upon the beach; when it could not be fuppofed that above a tenth pait of the whole were prefent. The ordinary drefs of both fexcs has been already defcribed. The women have often much larger pieces of cloth wrapped about them, extending from juft be- low the breafts to the hams, and fometimes lower; and fevcral were obferved with pieces thrown loofcly over their Ihould'ers, which covered the greateft part of their body ; but the children, when very young, arc entirely naked. They wear nothing upon the head; but the hair, both of men and women, is cut in various forms ; and the general faftiion, particularly among the latter, is to have it fhort behind, and long before. The men frequently had it cut on each fide in fuch a manner, that the remaining part fomewhat refembled the creft of their caps, or that, which, in horfes manes, is called hogging. Both fexes, however, feemed to be very carclefs about their hair, and had no combs, nor any thing of the kind, to drefs it with. The men fome- times twift it into a number of feparate parcels, like the tails of a wig, each about as thick as a finger ; though moll of thofe which are fo long as to reacii far do.vn the back, are artificially fixed upon the head, over their own hair. Contrary tothcgeneial piadicc of molt of the iflands in the P.icific Ocean, the inhabitants of the Sandwich Iflcs have not their ears perforated, nor Jo they wear any ornaments in them. Both men and women, howevcr,adorn themfelves with necklaces com- pofed of bunches of fmall black cord, like our hat firings, often above a hundred fold; entirely rtfeinb- ling thofe we faw worn at Wateeoo, except that, inllcad of the two little balls on the middle before, I'icy fix a fmall piece of wood, ftone, or flicll, about two inches in length, with a broad hook, well polillicd. They have alfo necklaces of many firings of very finall fliells, or of the dried flowers of the Indian liiallow ; and they fometimes hang round their necks a fmall hu- man figure of bone, about the length of three inches. The women likewife wear bracelets of a fingle fhell, pieces of black wood, with bits of ivory intcrfperfed, and neatly polifhed, faftened together by a firing drawn clofely through them ; or others of hogs teeth, placed parallel to each other, with the concave part outward, and the points cut off'; fome of which, formed only of large boar's tulks, are very elegant. The men fometimes fix on their heads plumes of feathers of the tropic bird ; or thofe of cocks; faftened round neat po- liflied fticks, two feet in length ; and, for the fame pur- pole, they few the fltin of a white dog's tail over a ftick, with its tuft at the end. They alio, not un- fiequcntly, wear on the head a kind of ornament, of the thicknefs of a finger, or more, covered with yellow and red feathers, curioufly varied, and tied behind ; and, on that part of the arm which is above the elbow, a Ibrt of broad fhell work, grounded upon net-work. The men fometimes pundure themfelves upon their hands or arms, and near the groin; but frequently we faw no marks at all; though a few individuals had more of this fpecies of ornament than we had ufually feen at other places, and curioufly executet^ in a great va- riety of lines and figures, on the arms and fore-part of the body. Near any of their villages, there is no appearance of defence, or fortifications; and the houfes are fcattercd about, without the leaft order. Some of thefe habita- tions arc large and commodious, from forty to fifty feet in length, and twenty or thirty in breadth; while others of them are contemptible hovels. Their figure lefem- bles that of hay-ftacks, or perhaps a better idea ir.ay be conceived of them, by fuppofmg the roof of a barn placed on the ground, in fuch a manner as to form a high acute ridge, with two low fides. The gable at cacti )% 53* Capt. C^O O Ks VOYAGES C O M PL E T E. each end, correfponding to the fides, makes thefc j[^x)des clofe all rounds and thev arc well thatched with long grafs, which is laid on (lender poles. The en- trance is made either in the end or fide, and is an ob- long hole, extremely low ; oiten (hut up by a board of planks, fallencd together, which ferves as a door; but as it has no hinges, muft be removed occafionally. No light enters the houfe except by this opening; and though fuch clofe habitations may be comlortable places of retreat in bad weather, they Icem but ill adapted to the warm climate of this country. They arc kept re- markable dean, and the floors are ftrewed with dried grafs, over which mats are fpread to fit and ficep on. At one end (lands 9 bench, about three feet high, on which the doniedic utenfils are placed. Thefe confilt of gourd fliells, which the natives convert into vclTels that fcrvc as bottles to hold water, and as balkcts to contain various articles ; alfo a few wooden bowls, and trenchers of various fizcs. From what we faw growing, and from what was brought to market, we have no doubt, that fweet potatoes, taro, and plantains, conili- tute the principal part of their vegetable diet; and that yams and bread-fruit arc rather to be confidered as rari- ties. Of animal food, they appear-to be in no want, having great numbers of hogs, which run, without re- ftraint, about the houfcs; and, if they eat dogs, which is not improbable, their ftock of thefe fcemed verycon- liderablc. The quantities of fifhing hooks found among them, indicates that they procure a tolerable fupply of animal food from the fea. They have a cuftom of falt- ing filh, and likewifc pork, which they preferve in gourd-fliclls. The fait ufed for this purpofc U of a reddilh colour, but not very coarfe, and fccms to be nearly the f.uiic with what our ftngglers found at Chrillinas i(l,ind. Its colour is doubtlcis derived from a inixtiire of mud. at the bottom of the place where it is found; for fonic of it, which had adhered in lumps, was of a tolerable whitencfs. They bske tkeir vegetable articles of food with heated ftoncs; and, from the great quantity which we faw drcffed at one time, \vc imagined, that all the inhabitants of a village, or at lead a confi- derable numlK-r of people, joined in the ufe of a com- inon oven. We did not perceive them drefs any animal food at this ilhnd. The only artificial diflj we faw them circfs was a taro pudding, which, though very four, was devoured with avidity by the natives. They eat off a Ibrt of wooden trenchers ; and, as far as we were ena- bled to judj;c fro;none inllance, the women, if retrained from feeding on the fame diOi with the men, as is the cuftom at Otaheite, are at lead allowed to eat in the fame place near them. The amufemcnts of thefe people are various. Wc did not fee the dances at which they ufe the feathered cloaks .nnd caps; but, from the motions they made with their hands, on other occalions, when they fung, we judged that they were (imilar to thofe we met witn at the (ou- thcrn illands, though not folkilfully performed. They had not among them either flutes 01 reeds, and the only two mufical inllruments, feen by us, were of an exceed- ing rude kind. One of them i!f)cs not produce a me- lody fuperior to that of a child's rattle. It confifts of *hat may be denominated a conic cap inverted, but very little hollowed at the bafe, made of a fedgc-likc plant; the upper part of which, and likewifc the edges, ■ arc cmbellifiicd with beautiful red feathers ; and to the point, or lower part, is fixed a gourd (hell. Into this they put fomething to rattle, which is done by holding the inftrument by the finall part, and (baking it bri(kly before the face, at the fame time (Iriking the breaft with the other hand. The other inftrument was a hollow vclTel of wood, not unlike a platter, accompanied with two fticks, whereon one of our gentlemen faw a man per- forming. He held one of the fticks, about two feet in length, with one hand, in the fame manner as wc hold a violin, and ftruck it with the other, which was fmaller, and refembled a drum-ftick, in a quicker or flower meafurc, beating with his foot, at the fame time, upon the hollow velTci, that lay upon the ground inverted, and thus producing a tune, that was not difagieeable. This mufic was accompanied by the vocal pertormance 3 of fomc women, whofcfonghadaplearmgcflredl. Thef have great numbers of fmall poli(hed rods, of the length of between four and five feetj rather thicker than the rammer of a mufquet, with ja> Uitt of long dogs haii; fixed on the fmall end. Thefe they probably make ufe of in their diverfioris. We faw a native take one of them iahis hand, and holding it up, eive a fmart firoke, till it was brought into an horizontal pofition, ftriking the ground with his foot, on the fame fide, and beating his Dreaft with his other hand. They play at bowls with pieces of the whet-ftone, fiiaped fomewhat like a chcelc, but rdunded at the edges and fides, which are very neatly polilhed. They have other bowls made of a reddifti-brow n clay, glazed over with a compofition of the fame colour, or of a dark-grey coarfe flatc. They alfo ufe as quoits, fmall, flat, roundifli pieces of writing flate, fcarcely a quarter of an inch thick. As to the manufadures of thefe people, they difcovcr an extraordinary degree of ingenuity and neatncfs. Their cloth is made from the inorus papyrifcra, and, doubtlefs, in the fame manner, as at Tongataboo and Otaheite; for wc bought fome of the grooved fticks with which they beat it. Its texture, hoHcvcV, thoiii^h thicker, is inferior to that of the cloth of either of the places juft mentioned; but, in colouring or ftainin'T it, the inhabitants of Atooi difplay a fuperiority of tafte, by the infinite variety of (igurcs which they execute. Their colours, indeed, are not very bright, except the red; but the regularity of the figures and llripcs is amazing, for, as far as we know, they have nothing like (lamps or prints, to make the imprcllions. V\'e had no oppor- tunity of learning in what manner they protluce their colours ; but, befidcs the variety of variegated forts, they have fome pieces of plain white clorh, and others of a fingic colour, particularly light blue, and dark brown. In general, the pieces brought to us were about the breadth of two feet, and four or five yards in length, being the form and quantity made ufe of by them for the common drefs. or maro; and even funic of thefc were compofcd of .pieces fewed together. They have alfo a particular fort that is thin, and greatly re- fembles oil-cloth, and which is either oiled, or foakcil in fome kind of varnilh. They fabricate lUimbers of white mats, which are ftrong, with many red ftripcs, rhombufes, and other figures interwoven on one liile. Thefe, in all probability, make, occafionally, a part of their drefs, for when they ollered them to falc they put them on their backs. 1 hey manufac'hire others of a coarfcr fort, plain aad ftrong, which they fpread over their floors to (leep upon. They (lain their goiird- fiiells neatly with undulated lines, triaiwlcs, and other figures of a black colour. They alfo (etm to be ac- (luaintcd with the art of varnilhing, for fome of their (talned gourd-ihells are covered with a fort of lacker; and, on other occafions, they make ufe of a ftrong li/e, ^r glutinous fubftance, to faften things together Their wooden dirties and bowls, out of which thvv drink their ava, are of the Ktooatrce, extremely neat and well po- lilhed. They likewifc make finall fiiuarc fans of mat or wicker-work, with handles ot the (rme, orol wootl, tapering from them, which are curioufty w rought with fmall cords of hair, and cocoa-nut fibres, intermixed. Their fifiiing hooks are ingenioufly made, fomeof bonp, many of pearl-lhell, and others of wood, pointed with bone. The bones are for the moft part finall, and confill of two pieces, and the various forts have a barbe, either on the infide, like ours, or on the outfidc; but others have both, the exterior being fartheft from the point. Of the latter fort one was procured, nine inches in length, made of a fingle piece of bone, the elegant form ana polifti of which could not be exceeded by any l!ii- ropean artift. They polifti their ftones by conftant fridion, with pumice ftone in water; and fuch of their tools as we faw, refembled thofe of the fouthern iftanders. Their hatchets, or rather adzes, wcrj ex- adly of the fame pattern, formed either of a bla.kifli ftone. or of a clay-coloured one. They have alfo fmall inftruments compofed of a fingle (hark's tooth, lone of which arc fixed to the fore-part of the jaw-bone of a dog, and qthers to a thin >\ooden handle of a fimilar ftiapc; " ";'''';V^>; COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. \k K V' flupe; and at the other end there is a bit pf firing faftcncd through a Utile hole. Thefe fcrvc occafionally u knives, and are probably ufed in carving. The only iron tools fecn among them, and which they poflefled before our arrival, were a piece of iron hoop, about the length of two inches, fitted into a wooden handle; and another edge-tool, which we fuppofed to have been made of the point of a broad fword. Their having the adtual poirefTion of thefe, and their being well acquainted with the ufe of this metal, inclined fome of our people to imagine, that we were not the firft European vifitors of thefe iflands. But the very great furprizc which they tcftificd on feeing our (hips, and their perfcd ignorance of the ufe of fire-arms, cannot be recbnciled with fuch an opinion. There are feveral means by which fuch people may obtain pieces of iron, or acquire the know- ledge of the exirtence of that metal, without having had an immediate connedion with thofe nations that ufe it. We doubt not, that it was unknown to all the inhabi- unts of the Pacific Ocean, till Magellan led the way into it ; for no navigator, immediately after his voyage, found any of this metal in their pofl'efTion; though, in the courfe of our late voyages, it has been remarked, that the ufe of it was known at feveral illands, which no former European velFcls had ever, to our knowledge, vifitcd. At all the places where Mendana touched, during his two voyages, fome of it niuft have been left; and this would, doubtlcfs, extend the knowledge of it to all the various illands, with which the people, whom he vifitcd, had any immediate intercourfe. It might even have been carried farther, and where fpi-timens of this valuable article could not be met with, ddlrip- tions might, in fome degree, ferve to make it known afterwards, when fecn. The next voyage to the louth- ward of the Equator, in which any intercourfe was had with the people who inhabit the iflands of this ocean, was that of Quiro*, who landed at Sagittaria, the ifland of handfome people, and at Ticrra del Kfpiritu Santo, at all which places, as well as at thofe with which they had any communication, it mult undoubtedly have been made known. To him fucceedcd, in this navi- gation, Le Maire, and Schouten, whole conncdions with the natives began much farther to the EalUvard, and terminated at Cocos and Horn iflands. It is cer- tain, that the inhabitants of Otaheite and the Society iflcj, had a knowledge of iron, and purchafed it w ith the grcatcrt avidity, when Captain Wallis difcovcrcd Otaheite; and they could only have a( quired this knowledge through the mediation of thofe neighbour- ing illands at which it had been originally left. They acknowledge, indeed, that this was really the cafe; and they have (incc informed us, that they held it in luch rftimation, before the arrival of Captain Wallis, that an Otaheitean chief, who had gained polFeflion of two nails, received nofmall emolument, by letting out the ufe ol' them to his neighbours, for the purpofe of boring holes. The natives ol the Society illes, whom we found at Watceoo, had been driven lo that place long after the knowledge and ufe of iron had been thus introduced among their countrymen; and though, perhaps, they had no fpccimen of it with them, they would naturally tommunicatc at that ifland, by defcription, their know- ledge of this ufeful metal. From the people of Wateeoo, again, thofe of Harvey's ifland might derive that incli- ratioi^ for it, of which we had fullicient proofs during our fliort intercourfe with them. The conlideration of ihcfe fads will fliew how the knowledge of iron has been conveyed throughout the Pacific Ocean, to illands that have never had an immediate coiuiedion with Eu- ropeans ; and it may cafily be imagiifed, that, where- cver the hiftory of it only has been reported, or a very inconfiderable quantity of it has been left, the greater fjigerncfs will be flicwn by the inhabitants to procure plentiful fupplies of it. The application of thefe par- ticulars, to the objcd of our prefcnt confideration, is manifcfl. The natives of Atooi and Onceheow, with- out having ever been vifited by Europeans before us, niight have received this metal from intermediate iflands, fituated between them and the Ladrones, which the Spaniards have frequented almoft ever fincc the pe- No, 65. riod of Magellan's voyage. Or, if the dillant vvcflcrn pofition of the Ladrones, Ihould dctraci from the pro- bability of this folution, is there not the /^..meiican con- tinent to windward, where the Spaniards have been fettled for upwards of two centuries and a half, during which long fpace of time (hipwrecks mult frequently have happened on its coafts? It cannot be deemed fur- prizing, that part of fuch wrecks, containing iron, fliould, by the eafterly trade winds, be occafionally call upon fome of thofe iflands that are fcattered about this immenfc ocean. The diftance of Atooi from America is no argument againfl this fuppofition ; and even if it were, it would deftroy it. This ocean is annually tia- verfed by Spaniih vefTels, and it is highly probable that, befides the accident of lofing a mafl: and its appendages, cafkswith iron hoops, and manyother things that con- tain iron, may fall, or be thrown, overboard, during fo long a pairigc, and thus find their way to land. Thefe are not mere conjedures, for one of Captain Cook's people adually faw fome wood in a houfe at Wymoa, which he fuppofed to be fir: it was worm- eaten, and the natives informed him, that it had been driven afnore by the waves; and we had their own ex- prefs authority, that they had obtained, from foine place to the eaftward, the fpecimsns of iron found among them. From this digrefllon (if it can juftly be called one) let us return to the obfcrvations m.idc during our continuance at Atooi. The canoes of thefe people are commonly about four and twenty feet in length, and have the bottom, in general, formed of a lingle piece of wood, hollowed out to the thicknefs of an inch, or more, and brought to a point at each end. The fides arc compofcd of .'hrec b;)arJs, neatly fitted and lalhcd to the bottom. The extremities both at head and fiern, are a little ele- vated, and both are made fliarp, fomcwhat refembling a widge, but they Hatten more abruptly; fo that the two fide boards join each other, fide by fide, for up- wards of a foot. As they feldoin exceed a foot and a half in breadth, thofe that go lingle (for they fometimes join them) have out-riggers, which are fliapcd and fitted with more judgment than any we had fecn before. They are rowed by paddles, fuch as we had obfcrved at other iflands, and fome of them have a light trian- gular fail, extended to a mart and boom. The ropes which they ufe for their boats, and the fmaller cords tor their fifliing tackle, are flrong and neatly made. They are by no means novices in the art of agriculture. The vale-ground is one continued plantation of taro, and fome other articles, which have all the appearance of iKing caietully attended to. The potatoe-fields, and s of I'ugar ca are planted w ith great regularity ; but neither thefe, nor fpots I • cane, or plantains, on the higher grounds. the others, are cnclofcd with any fence, unlefs we con- fider the ditches in the low grounds as fuch, which, it is more than probable, are deligncd to convey water to the taro. Tfie abundance and excellence of thefe arti- cles may, perhaps, be as much owing to fkilful culture, as the natural fertility of foil, which fecms better adapted to them than to bread-fruit and cocoa-nut trees; the few of thefe latter we faw not being in a thriving flate: and yet, notwithflanding this fkill in agriculture, the ifland, from its general appearance feemcd to be ca- pable of more extenfive improvement, and of main- taining twice as many inhabitants as arc now upon it; for thofe parts that now lay wafte are, apparently, as good a foil, as thofe that are cultivated. Hence we cannot but conclude, that thefe people do not increafc in that proportion, which would render it neccflTary for them :o take advantage of the extent of their ifland, towards railing a greater quantity of its vegetable pro- dudions for their maintenance. During our ftay in thefe parts, we did not fee one chief of any note; but we were informed by the iflanders, that feveral at Atooi have their refidence, to whom they proflratc themfelves as a mark of homage and refped. This proftration appeared fimilar to the moe moea, paid to the chiefs at the Friendly iflands, and is here denominated hamoea, or moe. After we had left the ifland, oac of thefe great men vifitcd C-iptain Clerk, 6 T going 534 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COM P LET F. going off to the Difcovcry, in his double canoe, and, like thcfovcreign of the Friendly lllcs, paid no regard to the fmall canoes that chanced to be in his way, but ran againll, or over them, without making the lead attempt to avoid them: nor was it poflibic for the poor people to avoid him, it being a necelTary mark of their lubinilTion. that they fliould lie down till he had pafled. Ho was afllftcd in getting on board the Difcovcry by his attendants, who placed him in the gang-way, where they ftood round him, holding each other by the hands, nor would they fuffcr any one but Captain Clerkc to ap- proach him. He was a young man, apparelled from head to foot. His name was faid to be Tamahano. Captain Clerkc having made him fomc prefents, re- ceived, in return, a large b«>wl, fupported by two figures of men, the carving whereof difplayed a degree ot' ik\\\, both with refpeifl to the defign and execution. This bowl ufed to be filled with Kava, or, in the Ian- {Tuagc of Otaheite, Ava, which is prepared and drank here, as at the other idands of the Pacific ocean. Cap- tain Gierke could not prevail upon this chief to go below, nor to move from the fpot where his attendants had firft placed him. After remaining fome time in the (liip, he was carried back into his canoe, and returned to the ifland. The next day fcveral meflTages were fcnt to Captain Clerke, inviting him to return the vifit on Ihore, and giving him to underftand, that the chief had prepared a conrKierable prefent on theoccafionj but the Cnptain being anxious to get out to fea, and join the Rcfolution, did not think proper to accept of the invitation. Our imperfccl intcrcourfe with the natives did not enable us to form an accurate judgment of the form of government crtabliflied among thcmj but from the ge- neral fimil;irity of cufloms, and particularly from what we obfervid of the honours jjaid to their chiefs, it feems rcafonable to imagine, that it is of the fame nature with that which jirevails in all the iflands we had hitherto vilitcd ; and, in all probability, their wars among thcmfflvi's arc c(]iial!y frequent. This, indeed, might be inferred, from the number of weapons we found in their poirtllion, and from the excellent order in which they kept them. But we had proofs of the fat't from their own confelTion; and, as we were informed, thcfe wars are carried on between the different diftrids of their own illand, as well as between it and the neigh- bouring inhabitants of the ides of Oncchcow and Oreehoua. Bcfules their fpears, formed of a finebrownifh wood, beautifully polillicd, fome of which arc barbed atone end, and flattened to a point at the other, they have another kind of weapon, which wc had never met with before. It fomewhat rcfembles a dagger, and is, in general, about eighteen inches in length, fliarpened at one or both ends, and fecured to the hand by a firing. Its ulc is to dab in clofc combat, and feems well adapted to that ;'iiriK)fe. .Some of thcfe may be denominated double dagj^crs, having a handle in the middle, with which they arc the better enabled todrike diflfereiit ways. They have likewife bows and arrows; but, both from their flendcr condruiition, and their apparent fcarcity, it is proliable that they never make ufc of them in battli'. The knife or faw, already mentioned, with which they difleCt the dead bodies of their enemies, may alio be ranked among their weapons, as they both flrikc and cut with it when engaged in clofe fight. It IS a fniail wooden indrument, alx>ut a foot in length, of an oblong fhape, rounded at the corners: its edges arc fiirroundcil w irh diark's teeth, drongly fixed to it, and pointed outnards; and it has generally a hole in the handle, through which pafTes a long dring, and this ihcy wrap fevcral times round the wrid. Wc are «)f opinion that, on fome occafions, they ufc dings, for wc procured fomc |>ieccs of the htcinaiites, or Mood- Rone, made artificially of an oval fomo, divided longi- tudinally, with a narrow groove in the middle of the convex part. To this the pcrfon who had one of them applied a thin cord, but would not difpofe of it, though ftc was not unwilling to part with the done, which, as 11 w eighcd a poimd, tniid prove faul when thrown with fomc degree of force. Wc likewife f.iw Conic pitcc;, of whetdone neatly poliflied, of an oval figure, but fome- what pointed towards each end, nearly refemblmg in diape fomc dones feen by Captain C^ook at New Cale- donia in 1774, and made ufe of there in flings. Some of their religious inditutions, and their method of difpofing of their dead, drongly indicate an affinity between the manners of thcfe people, and of the natives of the Friendly and the Society illands. The inhabi- tants of Tongataboo bury their dead with great de- cency, and they alfo inter their human facrifices; but they do not, to our knowledge, otter any other animal, or even vegetable, to their deities. The Otahciteans do not inter their dead, but expofe them to wade and putrcfadion, though they afterwards bury the bones j and this being their cudom, it is remarkable, that they Ihould inter the bodies of their hum^n facrifices. They arc far from being attentive to the condition of the places, where they celebrate their folemn rites ; moll of their morals bring in a ruinous date, and lliewing ma- nifed tokens of ncglcd. The people of Atooi relcmblc alfo thofe of Otaheite, in oftcring vegetables and ani- mals to their Gods. The Taboo likewife prevails in Atooi in its full extent, and apparently w ith greater driclnefs, than even at Tongataboo: for the natives always alkcd here, with great cagcrncfs, and with indi- cations of fear of ofl^ending, whether any paiticiiiar thing, which they defired to fee, was taboo, or, as they pronounced the word, tafoo? Thcmaia r:iU, or prolu- bited articles, at the Society iflands, though undoubt- edly the fame thing, did not appear to be fo rigoroutly obfcrvcd by them, except with regard tocared pellucid, at another difplaying the various tints of blue, from a pale faphirine to a vio- let, mixel with a kind of ruby, and glowing with fulH- " ( lent ftrcngth to illuminate the glafs of w ater. When the vcflel was held to the ftrongell lijjht, the tints ap- pcired mofl vivid; but almoft vanilhed when the ani- mals fubfided to the bottom, and they had then a Imom nilh appearance. By candle-light, the colour was, I'rincipally, a beautiful pale green, with a kind of bur- nillicd glofs; and, in the dark, it faintly exhibited a flowing fire. They arc a new fpecies of Onifctis, called by Mr. Anderfon, Oni/cusjulgens, and fuppofcd to be an animal which contributes to that lucid appearance often ohferved at fea in the night. Jn Friday the 6th, at noon, in latitude 44 deg. N, longitude 234 dcg. 30 min. E. wc faw two fcals, and fc- veral whales; and on the 7th, early in the morning, the long cXpee'tcd coall of New Albion, fo n,imed by Sir Francis Drake, was defcried, at the diflancc of tea leagues, extending from N. E. toS. E. At noon wc were in latitude 44 dcg. 33 mill. N. longitude 235 deg. 20 min. E. and the land about eight leagues dillant. This formed a point at the northern extreme, which our Commodore named Cape Foulwcather, from the exceeding bad weather wc afterwards met with. After fevcral attempts attended with many diflkultics, on Monday the 9th, we tacked, and flood in again for the land; but the wind continually fliifting, and blowing in fqualls, with hail and fleet, obliged us to fland otF and on, without feeing the lead fign of a harbour. The land which wc approached on our diilcrent tacks, is moderately high, bur, in many places, it rifes ftill higher within. It is diverflfitd with hills and rifing grounds, many of which are covered with tall flraigh: trees ; and others, not fo high, grew in fpots,likeclumpSt but the fpaces between, and the lides of the riling grounds were clear. Such a pror[)e(it in funiiner might be very a.',reeable, but at this fealbn, it had an uncom- fortable appearance, the bare grounds alonjj the coaft being covered with fno-.v, which fecmed^ to lie in abundance between the hills and rilinr; gr^ inds, and in many pl;iccs, toward-; the fca, had, at a diltancc, the appearance of w hitc cliifs. On the rifing grounds, the fnow was thinner fproad ; and farther in land, thera fccmed to be none at all. I Icnce it might, perhaps, be concluded, that the fimw which we had feen "owardstlic fea, had fallen the precedin;^ nij'ht ; which was, in- deed, thecoldeft we li;id experienced li nee our arrival en that coafl; a kind of fleet fell fonutimcs; and the weather became very unftttKd The co.irt appeared aU mofl flraight in every p;iir, not having any opening or inlet, and terminated in a kind of liin.iy be.ich ; though it was imagined by fome on board, that fuch appear- ance was owing to the fnow. Each extreme of the land fliot out into a point ; the northern one was that which we had feen on the 7th, and therefore the Captain called it Cape Tcrpetua. Its latitude is 44 deg. 6 min. N. and Its longitude 235 dig. 52 min. E. The fouthern extreme was named Cape Gregory. It lies in the lati- tudcof 43 dcg^ 30in. .\'. and in the longitude of 235 deg. 57 min. E. At live o'clock the wind veered to the W, and S. W. which induced us once more to fland out to fca. At this time Cape Pcrpetua bore N. \i. by N. and the farthefl land to the S. of Cape C.rcpory S. by E. diftant about ten or twelve leagues: confequcntlyj its latitude is 43 deg. 10 min. and its longitude 235 deg. 55 min. E. This is nearly the fltuation of Cape Blanco, difcovcred the 19th of Jai'iuary 1603, by Martin d'Agui* lar. It is remarkable that in this very l.ititudc, geo- ographers have plact.i a large entrance or flrait, afcrib- ing the difcovery of it to the fame navig.iior; whereas nothing more is mcntiop.cd in his voyage, than his hav- ing difcovcred a large river in this lituation, which ' ". would have entered, but was hindered by the currents. The wind being now very unfettled, blowing in fqualls, attended with fnow fliowcrs, wc were obliged to flretch to the fouthward to get clear of the coafl. On Friday, the 13th, the gale abated, and we flood in again for land. On Saturday, the 2 1 ft in the morning, a breeze fprung up at S. W. This being attended with fair weather, we fleered north. caflerly; and on the 2and, about eight o'clock \. M. we came in light of land, diflant about nine leagues, being now in lati- tude 47 deg. J min. N. and our longitude 235 deg. 10 min. E. At length we perceiv.J a fniall opening be- tween what we fuppofed to be an ifland, and the northern extreme of the land ; here wc cxpedled to find a harbour; but our hopes vaniflicd as we drew nearer; and, wc were foon convinced, that the open- ing was clofed by low land. Our difappointment oc- calioncd the point of land, to the north, to be named Cape Flattery. Its Katitude is 48 dcg. i 5 min. N. and its longitude 235 deg. 3 min. E. In this latitude geo- fraphcrs have placed the pretended flrait of Juan de uca. But nothing of that kind prefcnted itfelf to our view, nor is it probable that any fuch thing ever cxiftcd. On J36 Capt. COOK '8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. On Sunday, the agth, we were in latitude 49 deg. 29 min. N. and in the longitude of 2;{2 deg. 29 min. E. when we again faw land, the nearett part lix leagues diftant. A low point is formed, at the S. E. extreme, oft" which arc feveral breakers, on account of which it Mas called Point Breakers. Its latitude is 49 deg. 15 min. N. and its longitude 2,^3 deg. 20 min. E. The latitude of the other extreme is about 50 deg. and the longitude 2j2 deg. This laft was named Woodv Point. Between thefe two points, a large bay is formed, which the Captain called Hope Hay; hoping, as he faid, to find in it a good harbour; and the event proved that he was not miitaken. As we approached the coaft, we faw the appearance of two inlets ; one of which was in the N. W. and the other in the N. E. corner of the bay. We bore up for the latter, and pafled fomc breakers about a league from the fliore. As we ad- vanced, thecxiftcncc of the inlet no longer remained doubtful, .At five o'clock we reached the weft point of it ; and foon after a breeze fprung up at N. VV. with which wc Uretched into an arm ot the inlet, run- ing in to the N. E. Here wc were becalmed, and found it ncceflTary to anchor in eighty-five fathoms wa- ter, and fo near the fliorc as to be able to reach it with a hawfcr. The Difcovery was becahiKd before Ihe got within the arm, where flie anchored in 75 fa- thoms. At the place where we were firft l)ccalmed, three c.i- noescame olV to the Ihip, in one of which were two men, in another lix, and in the other ten. Advancing pretty near us, n pcrfon flood up in one of ihem, and fpoke fora conlideral)le time, inviting us, as we fup- pofed, by his gelUircs to go alhorc; and, at the fame time continued l>rewing handfuls of feathers towards us. Some of his companions alfo threw a red powder in the fame manner. One, in particular, fung a moll agreeable air, accompanied with a melodious foft- nefs. The word hacla was repeated riei]uently as the burden of the fong. Soon after a breeze fpringing up brought us clofer to the fhore, when the canoes came to vifit us ill ^rcat numbers; having, at on-j tune, no ItCs than thiity-two of them about the fliip, coniaining from three to feven or eight perfonseach, and of both fexes. One attracted particularly our notice, by its having a peculiar head, with a bird's eye, and an enor- mous large Ix-ak, painted upon it. The chief who was in it, appeared equally remarkable for his fingular ap- pearance; having a large quantity of feathers hanging from his head, and being fmeared in a very extraordi- nary manner. In his hand he had a carved bird of wood, of the fize of a pigeon, with which he often rattled, like the perfon before mentioned; and was equally vociferous in his harangue, which was accompa- nied with many cxprcllive gelhires. Not any of thefe vilitors could be prevailed upon to come on board. They were very ready, however, to part with any .thing they ha^i, and received whatever we otVcrcd them in exchange; but they were very felicitous after iron, and appeared to be no ftrangers to that valuable metal. Having found fuch excellent (belter for our fliips, in an inlet whofe coalh appeared to be inhabited by an inoflcnfive race of people, wc loft no time, after com- ing to anchor, in (earching tor a commodious har- bour, where we might be Ihitioned during our conti- nuance in the found. Upon this fervicc three armed boats were fent; and on the N. W. of the arm, at a fmall diftancc from the fhip.s, wc found a convenient cove: but apprehending we could not tranfport our fhips to it, and moor them properly, before night had overtaken us, we thought it prudent f continue where wc were till the next morning. The whole day we were furrounded with plenty of canocs; and a recipro- cal trade was commenced between us, condudled with the ftri6lefl harmony and integrity on both fides. Their articles of commerce were the ikins of various ani- mals, fuch as bears, fca-otters, wolves, foxes, deer, ra- coons, martins, and pole-cats. They alfo produced a kind of cloathing, fabricated from the bark of a tree, or a plant rcfcmbling hemp : befidcs which articles, they had bows, arrows, andfpears; fifli-hooks, and va- rious kinds of inflrumentst wooden vizors, rcprefcnt- ing horrid fifjures; a fort of woollen ftuff; carved work- beads; and red ochre ; alfofcvcral little ornaments 0! thin brafs and iron refembling an horfc-lboe, which thiy wear pendant at their nofes. However, among all the articles which they expo(id to falc, the moft extraordi. nary were human Ikulls, and hands, with fomeofthc Hefli remaining on them; which they acknowlc(lf;c,i they had been feeding on; and fomc of them, inilivil, bore evident marks of their having been on the fir.'. I Dr the various articles they broucht, they received in ex- change knives, chifTels, nails, looking glalles, buttons, or any kind of metal. They had not much inclina- tion for beads, and rejeClcd every kind of cloth. OnTuelday, the 3 ill, wc were employed m hauliniT the fliipa into the cove, where they were moored. Ilic Refolution was now become very leaky in her upper works; on which account the carpenters were oninfj to caulk her, and to repair any other dcfeCls they might difcover. In the courfe of this day, the news of our arrival broughi vaft numbers of the natives about mir fliips. At one time we counted above a hundred laiiois, each of which, on an average, had five people on boa: 1; few containing lefs than three; many having fcvcn, eight, or nine; and one was manned with levcntiui. Many of thefe were new vilitors, which we difcovcicJ by their orations and ceremonies. If they, at lirll, had apprehended that we meant to be hollilc, their feus were now removed ; for they ventured on board tlic fliips, and mixed with our people with the utmoll troo- doin and familiarity. We difcovered, however, hv this intercourfe.ihat they were as fond of pillerini; as any we had met with during our \oy,-.gt; and &x\ were much more mifchievous than any of^ the otiir thieves we had found; for, having l);arp innrunmui in their pofTcirion, they could, the tnllant that inir b.u ki were turned, cut a hook from a tackle, or a piece nf iron from a roi)e. They llrippcd our boats of every piece of iron that was worth tak -ii^away, though fonie of our men were always left in thetii as a guard. 1 luy were, indeed fo dextrous in elleviting their purpolts, that one fellow would contrive to amulc our pcojile at one end of the boat, while his confederate was foiiiii|; oil" the iron work at the other. If an article that h.iJ bi-en flolen, was immediately miffed, the thief was ealily deteiiled, as they were fond of impeaching each other: butthepri/.e was always reludantly given up by the guilty perfon; and fometiincs compulfivc means were obliged to be ufed in order to regain it. Wednefday, April the lO, having fafely moored our fliips, we proceeded to other neceflary bufincfs. The obfervatories were taken afliorc, and placed on a rock, on one fide of the cove. ,\party ofmen was lla- tioned to cut wood, and clear a place tor watering. Having plenty of pine-trees here, others were employed in blew ing fpruce-beer. The forge was alfoereckd to make the necctfary iron-work for repairingthe forcmad. Wc were daily vilited by a conliderablc numlKrofiuw comers, who had a fingular mode of introducing thcm- fclves on their firll appearance, by paddling, with their utmofl ftrength an.l aiflivity, round both the fliips, while a chiefj (landing up with a fpear in his hand, bawled mod vociferoully all the time. The face of this orator was fomctimes covered with a mafk, reprefent- ing either a human countenance, or that of (b.me other animal; and, infleadofa fpcar, he had a kind of rattle in his hand. Erequently, before they came along fide, or on board our (liip, they would entertain us w ith a fong, in which their whole company joined. During thefe vifits our principal care was to guard againll their thievery. But on Saturday, the 4th of April, we had a very fcrious alarm, for our party on (horc perceived the na- tives in all quarters arming, and thofe who had not proper weapons were colled ling (licks and (lones. The Captain, hearing this, ordered all our workmen to re- pair to the rock, whereon our obfervatories had been placed; thus leaving the fuppofed enemy in poflillion of the ground where they aflcniblcd, which was within about COOK'S THIRD ^nd LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, 6tc. 537 jbout one hundred yards of our ftcrn. We foon found, however, that thclc hollilc preparations were directed aji;ain(t a body of their own countrymen, who were ad- vancing to attack them ; and our friends of the Sound, perceiving our apprchcnfions, exerted their bcft endea- vours to convince us, that this was really the cafe. The adverfe party, on board about twelve large canoes, at length drew up in line of battle, off tlic South point of the cove. A negociation for the rcfloration of pt-acc was now commenced; in the courfc of which fcvtral people in canoes paffcd b'.'fwccn the two parties, and fonic debates cnfued. At length the matter in difputc apfKarcd to be iidjuned; but the 11 rangers were not permitted to approach our fliips. It is mod likely we were the principal occafion ol the quarrel; the Gran- gers, perhaps, infilling on having a right of (liaring in the advantages of a trade with us; and ourfirll friends refolving to cngrofs us entirely to themfclves. VVc were convinced of this on many other occalions; nay, even among thofe who lived in the found, the weaker were often obliged to fubmit to the ftrongcr party, and were plundered of every thing, without even attempt- ing to make any refinance. Sunday, the 5th, the carpenter difcovcrcd the checks of the foreman to be rotten, and began to fupply it with new ones. It was fortunate that thcfc defects fliould be difcovcred, when we were fo commodiotidy fituated, as to be able to procure the materials that were requifite. On the 7th, while the forc-mall was repairing, the Captain ordered a new fct of main- rigging to be fitted. From our putting into the found to this day, the weather had been remarkably fine; but in the morning of the 8th we had rain with a frefh gale, and in the evening it blew extremely hard : but though thcfc tcmpefiuous blalls fuccerdcd each other quickly, they were of thort duration: yet wc had the misfor- tune to have Our mizcn-maft give way at the head. About eight o'clock, the gale abated, but the rain con- tinued, almod without intcrmifiion. During thefe fqualls the natives frequently brought us fmall cod, fmall bream, or fardinc, and a fupply of other filh. Sunday the i3th, in the evening, wc received a vifit from a tribe of natives, whom wc had not fecn before, and who, in general, made a better appearance than our old friends. When conduced into the cabin, there was not an objcd that fixed their attention; all our novelties were looked on with indiilcrcncc, except by a very few, who (hewed a certain degree of cu'iolity. On Thurfday the 16th, when our carpenters had made a confiderabic progrcfs on the mizen-mall, they dif- covcrcd that the tree on which they wccc at work, was wounded, owing, it was imagitird, to fome accident in cutting it down. It litereforc became ncccflary to pro- cure another tree out of the woods, on which work all hand.s were employed about half a day. During this operation, many of the natives were gazing on with an incxpreflible furprizc, which, from their general inat. tention, wc did not cxpc(fl. On Saturday, the 1 8th, a party of Grangers, in fcvcn or eight canot.s,can^e into the cove, and after looking at us for foinc time, retired. Wc concluded, that our old friends would not fuller them to have any dealings with us. It was evident, indeed, that the neighbouring inhabitants engrolRd 11$ entirely to thcmfclvcs; and that ihcy carried on a trafik with more diilant tribes, in thofc articles they had re- ceived from us: for they frequently difappcarcd four or five days together, and returned- vith frefli cargoes of luriofitiesand (kins. 3uch of th.m as vifited us daily, alter having difpofed of their iriflcs, employed thcm- fclvcs in filning, and we always pa^ook of what they caught : wc alio procured from them a confiderabic quantity of good animal oil, which they brought to us inbladacrs. Some, indeed, attempted to cheat us, by mixing water with oil; end once orvwicc they fo far iinpofed upon us, as to fill their bladders with water only. In exchange for their articles of trafli|c,i metal was generally demanded by our vilitors; and br^fs had now fupplanted iron, being fought after, with fuchcager> nefs, that before w« left the found, fcarcdy a bit of it was to be found in the fliips, except what conftituted No. 66. I! a part ot our necciriry inllrumcnts: fuits of cloathi were Ihippcd of their buttons; bureaus of their fur- niture 1 kettles, cannillers. and candleflickj, all went to rack; fii that our American friends procured from ut \ greater variety of things, than any other nation we l»c had ever fcen. This was lingu-, lar, as moft of the elevated ground on this fide th<;- found ap{)carcd rather luked. Palling from hence to; the caft lidc, we obferyed, what: we had before ima-< gtncd, that It was an iHand, under which the (hips lay; and that many fmaller ones lay fcattcred about on the, weft lide of it. Upon the main land, oppofite the nortiv end of our ifiand, wc faw a village, and landed there* but our Commodore was not fo politely received by the. inhabitants, as by thofe of the other village he had vi-r fited. This cold reception was occafioned by ono furly chief, who would not fuft'er him to enter their houfes, making cxpredive (igns, that he was impatient, for him to be gone. Captain Cook endeavoured in vain to footh him with prcfents : thefe he did not re> fufe, though he continued the fame kind of behaviour. But, notwithftanding this treatment from the inhofpi- tabic chief, fome ot the young women expeditioufly apparelled themfelves in their ocft habiliments, aiTom- bled in a body, and, joining in an agreeable fong, gave us a hearty welcome. Evening ncAv drawing on, Cap- tain Cook propofcd returning, and wc proceeded tior the ftiips round the north end of the iflaiid. When returned aboard, we were informed that in our abfencc^ fome ftrangers fron>tKe S. £. had vifited our people in the (hips, who purchafed of them two (Uvcr table fpoons^ thajt appeared to be of ,Spani(h manuf/td^rc. They were worn round the neck of one of thofe vifi- tors by way of ornament. Wednefday, the aand, about pighjja'clopk A. M. wc wero vifited by a (number of (trangcrs from tho fouthward. After their departure the two Captains, Cook, i^nd, Cler^, went in their own boats to the village ^t the weli poin?, \jhcrc our Commodore had been iwq; days l^fpre, ai^d^d Qbferved that jplenty of grafs waf to be had near it ; and it was neccwtry to set a iiipplr - 6 U rf 538 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. of this, for the flew rernainin(|| goats and (heep ihat wctc l\ill on board. Wc received the fame welcome reception as before, and our Commodore ordered fome of the people to begin cutting: not imagining the na- tives would objedlto our furnilhing ourfcives with what could not be of any ufe to them, though eflcntially ne- ceflary for us. In this, however, we were miftaken, for as foon as bur men began cutting the grafs, fome of the inhabiunts would not {lennit them to proceed, faying, " Makook," fignifying, that we muft ouy them firu. During this event, Captain Cook was in one of ii.c hou&s, but, hearing of it, he repaired immediately to the field, where he found about us, a dozen claimants of dilR-rent parts of the gmfs, that grew on the premifes. The Commodore treated with them for it, and having complied with the terms of his purchafe, thought we had now full liberty to cut whatever we pleafed. Here he was again miftakeii t for he had fo liberally paid the firn pretended proprietors, that frefli demands were made from others, lo that every lingle blade of grafs might have had a feparate owner: and fo many of them were to be fatisfied, that his pockets prefently became empty. When they were convinced of this lall flrik- ingcircumAance, they ceafed to be importunate, and we were permitted to cut where we thought proper, and as much as we pleafed. Here it is worthy of obferva- tion, that we never met with any uncivilized nation, or tribe, who poirclTcd fuch llrid notions of their having an exclufivc property in the produce of their country, as the inhabitants of this found. They even wanted our people to pay for the wood and water that were car- ried aboard. Had Captain Cook been prefent when thcfc demands were made, he would doubtlefs have complied with them; but our workmen thought dif fcrently, and paid little or no attention to fuch claims. The natives thinking we were determined to pay not the lead confideration, at length ceafed to apply for the lame: but they frequently took occaflon to remind us, that their edeem for us had induced them to make us a prefent of wood aod water. Having completed all their operations at this village, the natives and the two Captains took a friendly leave of each other, and we re- turned to the Ihips in the afternoon. The 33d, 34th, and 25th, were employed in pre- paring for fea; the fails were benti the obfervatories and other articles were removed from the (hore; and both ihips put into a proper condition for failing. On Sunday the 26th, the Commodore intended to have fet fail, but having both wind and tide againft us, we were under a neceffity of waitinig till noon, when the tide turning in our favour, the (hips were towed out of the cove. At four o'clock P. M. the mercury in the ba- rometer funk uncommonly low, and we had every ap- Kirance of an approaching ftorm firom the fouthwara : t the Captain's anxiety to profecute the vo^ge, and the fear of lofmg fo good an opportunity of getung out of the found, operated more ftrongly upon his mind than the apprehenfion of danger, and he refolved to put to fea. We were attended by trie natives till we were al- moft out of the found t Come in their canoes, and othen on board the (hips. One of the chiefs who had par- ticularly atuched himfelf to Captain Cook, was among the M who parted from us. The Captain a little time before we got under waiy, made him a fmall prefent t for which he received, in return, a beaver (kin of much fupcrior value. For this reafon the Captaiil made an addition to his prefent, which pleafed the chief fohighl^, that he prefented to the Commodore the beaver-(kin cloak which he then wtore, and of which he was par- ticujarly fohd. Struck with this inftance of genero(ity, and wi{htng him not to be a fufferer by his gratitude. Captain Cook infixed upon his acceptance of a new brqad-fword, with a bra(s hilt, with which he appeared greatly delighted. W<( Were eameftly importuned by rtie chief, and rrtaily of his countrymen, to pay them another vifit; who, by* Way of inducement, promifed to ptocurc a .large (^k 6f (kins. Before We continuethe pregrefs oi' our voyage, we think it may be no fmall QKertaitoient to "»' i-> I mainder of this chapter further particulars relative to the country and its inhabitants. The inlet in which our (hipa were moored is called by the natives Nootka, but Captain Cook gave it the name of King George's Sound. The entrance is in the ead corner of Hope Bay, in latitude 49 deg. 33 min. N. longitude 3^3 deg. 1 2 min. E. The eaft 'coa4> i« covereoby a chain of lunken rocks, and, near the found, are fome iflands and rocks above water. We enter the found between two rocky points, lying E. S. E. and W. N. W. from each other, diftant four miles. The found widens within thefe points, and extends to the northward at lead four leagues. In the middle of it are a number of iflands ofvarious fizes. The depth of water, not only in the middle of the found, but al(b dofc to fome parts of the (hore, is from 47 to 90 fa- thoms or more. Within its circuit, the harbours and anchoring places are numerous. The cove, where our (hips ancnored, is on the eaft fide of the found, and alfoon the eaflof the largelt ifland. Its principal re- commendation is that of being covered from tne fea ; for it is cxpofcd to theS. E. winds, which fbmetimcs blow with great violence. Upon the fea coaft, the land is tolerably high 1 but, within the found, it rifcs into deep hills, which have a uniform appearance, ending in roundifh tops, with (harp ridges on their fides. Mbny of thefe hills are highi all of^them t:re covered to their fumniits with the thickeft woods. 1 :.; foil 'juo.-? them is produced from rotten mofTes and trees, of tne depth of about two feet. Their foundations are nothing more than fhipendous rocks 1 of a grey or whitifh cad when expofed to the weather 1 but, when broken, are of a bluidi grey colour. The rocky (hores confift en- tirely of thist and the beaches of the little coves in the found are compofed of fragments of it. The climate appears to be infinitely milder than that on the eafl coalt of America, under the fame parallel of latitude. We perceived no froft in any of the low ground) but, on the contrary, vegetation proceeded very brilkly, for, at this time, we faw grafs upwards of a foot long. The trees of which the woods are com- pofed are the Canadian pine, white cyprefs, and two or three other fons of pine. The two firfl arc in the greatefl abundance. At a diflance they refemble each othert but they are eafily diflinguiflied on a nearer view, the cyprefs being of a paler green than the other, la general, the trees grow here with great vigour, and are of a large lize. About the rocks and borders of the woods, we faw fome ftrawbcrrv plants, rafbcrry, cur- rant, and goofeberry bufhes, aul in a flourifhing ftacc. We found alfo a few black alder-trees 1 a (pecies of fou- thiniei fome crows-foot with a finccrimfon flower, and two forts of Anthericum. We met with fome wild rofe-bufbes, jutl budding: fome young leeks ■ a fmall fort of grafs, and fome water-crcfTest befidcs a great abundance of andromeda. The feafon of the year did not permit us to acquire much knowledge of the vege- tables of this country I and being in a cove, on an iflami, all the animals that wc faw alive were two or three ra- coons, martins, fquirrelst and fome of our people who landed on the continent, on the fouih-eaft fide of the Sound, obferved the prints of a bear's feet, not tar from the fhoret but we could onlv judge of the qua- drupcds from the fltins purchafed of the inhabitants, and thefe were fometimes fo mutilated, that wc could not evenguefs to what fpecies of animals they belonged, though others were fo perfeA as not to admit a doubt about them. The mofl common of thefe lafl forts were bears, deer, foxes, and wolves. Bear-fkins are in abundance, but not very laiget their colour is generally a (hining black. The decr-fkins ore not fb plentiful, and appear to belong to what the inhabitants of North- Caroima in America, call the fallow-deer t but Mr. Millar, in his New Syflem 6f Natural Hiftory diftin- guifhes it by the name of Virginian deer, and thinks it quite a different fpecies from ours. Our veiy nume- rous friends and (ubfcribers will not be difblcofed if we here give a decifiVc opinion in favour of that Entire New, Chei^, «nd Capital Work, Millar's rial -V ■# IcnJen JhHi^ifdhy^JIfiv' Ilty^ij.iU //if Jutiytt . -frin^-.A ':'//> /.V.y//<>,./> fl J^^ %^A j+' mi nO^'-'- (i«!«^lPii:<^*'r; ^ *^^' f- Ir-.. ■ ■ ■ ■ , ■ .\.T ■■■--. ■■.~'': V ' * . ■ <:!*-'^:> i'%$ >•..? ' jrt.'.«4nA5.tv' f *■■ 'i - 1^-.. m w^ ';s»if .»«■ ■**? itjr^ '^-n-. v^< # ■ • 7 J,.- . • .rr f ^,. „r«f U1MVtJH'^3»i] COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE—To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 539 New Body of Natural History, to be complcated in fixty weekly numbers, price only fixpence each, and now publifliing with univcrfal approbation, may be faid, without the lead particle of flattery, to be far fuperior to every other publication of the kind. May merit alone ever have the preference and encourage- ment, with the unprejudiced and difintercfted public, ii our finccre and hearty wilh! But to proceed. The foxes arc numerous, and of feveral varieties; the (kins of fome being yellow, with a black tip at the tail ; others of a reddilh yellow, intcrmixfcd with black. We met with an entire wolf's (kin, which was grey. Here is the common martin, the pine martin, and another of a lighter brown colour. The ermine in this country is fmall, and not very common: nor is its hair remarka- ,bly fine. The animal is entirely white, except about an inch at the tip of the tail. The racoons and fquirrels are of the common fpecics, but not fo large as in other parts of the world. Hogs, dogs, and goats, have not yet made their appearance in this place. The fca animals fcen off the coaft were whales, por- poifcs, and fcals ; the laft of thefe feem only of the com- mon fort. Though fca>otters are amphibious, yet we may confider them as belonging to this clafs, as living principally in the water. The fur of thefe animals, as mentioned in the Ruflian accounts, is certainly fofcer ami finer than that of any other animals known by the Europeans; confequently the difcovery of this part of the continent of North-America, where fo valuable an article of commerce may be met with, cannot be a matter of indifference. Mr. Coxc, in his Rudian Dif- coveries, on the authority of Mr. Pallas, fays, that the old and middle-aged fea-otters (kins are fold at Kiatchta, by the Rufllans, to the Chincfe, from 80 to 100 rubles a (kin, that is from 16I. to 20I. each. The birds that frequent the waters and the (liores are far from being numerous: they are very fliy, owing, perhaps, to their being continually harralTcd by the na- tives, either to eat, or for their feathers to be worn as ornaments. We met with humming birds, different in fome refpeds from the various forts already known of this delicate little animal. Shags and gulls are alfo frequent in the Sound. Some fwans loo were fcen flying to the northward, but we know not their haunts. Here ire two forts of wild dutks; one black, with a white head; the other white, with a red bill, but of a larger fize: alfo the greater Lumme, or diver, found in the northern parts of Europe. On the fliorcs we found a fand-piper, not unlike the burre, a plover, refcmbling our common lark, and two kinds of wood-peckers, one fmaller than a thrulh, the other larger and more elegant. Fifli arc more plentiful than birds. The principal forts we found were thccommonhcrring, not exceed ingfevcn inches in length ; a fmaller fort, of tnc fame kind with the anchovy, though rather larger : a filver coloured bream, andanothcrof a brown colour, with narrow blue llripcs. Sharks fometiines frequent the found, (or the natives have fome of their teeth in their polTellion. About the rocks there is an abundance of large mufclcs, many of a fpan long; in fome of which are large pearls; but they are not pleating either in colour or Ihape. Red coral is to be found cither on the coa(l or in the found, large branchea of it having been feen in the canoes of the natives. The only reptiles obferved here were brown fnakcs, about two feet in length, having whitifli ftripcsonthc back and fides ; and browniHi water li- Tards. The former arc quite harmlefs. The infcA tribe feem to be much more numerous. We found here both iron and copper, but we do not think either of them belong to this place. We did not fee the ores of any metals, except a coarfc red ochry fubdance, ufed by the lutives in painting or (Gaining their faces and bodies; they had alfo a black and white pigment made ufe of foi" the fame purpofe. Exclu- (ive of the rock, which forms the (norcs and moun- tains, we found among the natives fome things made of a hard black granite, not very compai5t, nor fine grained; alfo a greyifh whetftonc; the common oil Itunci and a black fort, little inferior to the hone (lone. They had likewife pieces of rock chryftal. We could not obtain this from them without a very valuable re- turn. As to the natives, their perfons, in general, are under the common Mature ; u(ually pretty plump, but not tnufcular; the forehead low ; the eyes fmall, black, and rather langui(hing, than fparkling; the mouth round, with large, thick lips; the teeth tolerably equal and well fet. Tneireye-brows are alfo fcanty, and always nar- row : but the hair of the head is in great abundance, very coarfc and (Irong; and, without a fingle exception, black, (traight, and lank. Some have no beards ; others only a thin one on the point of the chin; for they pluck it out elfcwhere by the roots; and thofe who do not thus eradicate it, have not only confiderable beards, on every part of the chin, but alfo whilkers, ormuftachios, running from the upper lip to the lower jaw obliquely downward ; whence we may conclude, that it is a mif- taken notion, though efpoufcd by eminent writers, that American Indians have no beards. The limbs, in all of them, are fmall in proportion to the other parts ; be- fides they arc crookca and ill-formed, having projcdt- ing ancles, and large feet, awkwardly (haped. Their colour could never be determined pofitivcly, as their bodies were incrufted with paint and dirt, '^he women are nearly of the fame fize with the men, from whom it is not eafy to diftinguifh them, as they po(rcfs no na- tural delicacies fuflicient to render their perfons agree- able. A certain famcnefs charaderizcs both fexes; dulncfs, and want of exprclTion, being vifibly pour- traycd in every vifage. In common, their dre(s is a flaxen kind of mantle, ornamented with a narrow flripe of fur on the upper edge, and fringes at the lower one. Pairing under the left arm, it is tied by ta(rels over the right (houlder. 5?ometimes they fatten the mantle round the waift with a girdle of coarfc matting; over which is worn a fmall cloak of the fame fubftance, fringed at the bottom, and reaching to the waifi. They wear a cap, in (liape of a flower-pot, made of very fine matting, ornamented with a bunch of leathern taifels, and having a firing pafling under the chin, to prevent its blowing off. Belides the above drefs, which is common to both fexcs, the men throw frequently over their other gar- ments the (kin of a bear, wolf, or fea-otter, with the hair outward, and tie it as a cloak, near the upper part, wearing it fometimes before, and fometimcs behind. Was this drefs kept clean, it would by no means be in- elegant ; but as they are continually rubbing their bo- dies over with a red paint, mixed with oil, their gar- ments become greafy, and contradt a rancid olfenfivc fmell. The appearance, indeed, of thefe people is both wretched and filthy, and their heads and garments fwarm with lice. So loft are they to every idea of clean- linefs, that we frequently faw them pick oflFthcfc vermin, and eat them with the greateft compofure. Their faces are ornamented with a variety of colours; a black, a brighter red, or a white colour : the laft of thefe gives them a ghaftly appearance. Over the paint they ftrcw the brown martial mica, which caufes it to glitter. Many of their cars are perforated in the lobe, where they make a large hole, and two fmaller ones higher up on the outer edge. In thefe holes are hung bits of bone, quills fattened upon a leathern thong, (hells, bunches of tafifcls, or thin pieces of copper. In fome, the feptum of the nofc is alfo perforated, and a pieceof cord drawnthrough it. Others wear, at the fame place, pieces of copper, brafs, or iron, (haped fomewhat like a horfe-fiioe, the narrow opening receiving the feptum, fo that it may be pinched gently by the two points, and thus the orna- ment hangs over the upper lip. Their bracelets, which they wear about their wrifts, are bunches of white bugle beads, or thongs with talTcIs, or a black, broad, horny, (hining fubttancc. Round their ancles they wear fre- quently leathern thongs, or the finews of animals cu- rioufly twitted. Bcfides thefe, their ordinary drclTcs, they have fome that are ufed only when going forth to war, and exhibiting themfelves to (\rangers in ceremo- nial vifits. Among thefe arc the fltins of bears or wolves, tied on like their other garments, but edged with broad borders of fur, ornamented ingcniowfly with various figurcj. t if; Mimim. 54° Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. figures. They are worn fcparately, or over their com- mon cloathing. The moll ufual head-drcfs, on thcfc 'occafions, is a quantity of withe, wrapped about the head, with large feathers, particularly thofc of eagles ftuck ill it, or entirely covered with finall white feathers. At the fame time the face is varioully painted, the upper and lower parts being of oppofitc colours, and the •ftrokcs having the appearance of large gaflics; or it is befmearcd with a kind of fat or tallow, mixed with paint, formed into a great variety of figures, fonicwhat like carved work. The hair, foinctimes, is IVparated into fmall parcels, and tied, at intervals, with thread : others tic it behind, after the Knglifli fafliion. Thus equipped, they have a truly favagc and ridiculous ap- pearance, which is much heightened when they aflume their monllrous decorations. Thefe confift of a great variety of wooiicn malks, applied to the face, fore- head, or upper part of the head. Some of the vifors Tcfemble human face;:, having hair, beards, and eye- brows; other.' reprefent the heads of birds, and various nnimals, fuch as deer, porpoifes, wolves, &:c. Such kind of reprefentations exceed generally the natural iize, and they are frequently ftrewed with pieces of the mica, which makes them glitter, and augments their deformity. In thefe imaginary dccoration.s, they fomc- times run into greater excefs, and fix large pieces of carved wprk upon the head, projeding to a confidew- ble didance, and reftmbling the prow oi a canoe. Whether thefe extravagant mafqueradc ornaments are ufed on any religious occalion, or in any kind of diver- lion, or whether they arc intended to intimidate by their monftrous appearance, or as decoys when hunting ani- jiials, IS uncertain. Oneof the drclFesfecms peculiarly adapted to war: It is a thick tanned leathern mantle, double, and appears to be the fkin of an elk, or butialo. This is falkned on in the ordinary manner, and is fo contrived as to cover the breall quite up to the throat ; part of it, at the fame time, falling down to their heels. This garment is curioufly painted, and is flrong enough, as we underftood from them, to icfift even fpears; fo that it may be confidered as their completcll defcnlive armour. Though we cannot view thefe people without a kind of horror, when they arc thus llrangely appa- relled, yet when divelU'd of thefe extravagant drelles, and beheld in their common habit, they fecm to he of a quiet, phlegmatic difpofition; though deficient in vivacity, io render thcmfelves agreeable in focicty. They arc rather rcferved than loquacious; but their gravity feems conditutional, and not the rcfultofany .particular mode of education : for the orations made by .thenv on public occafions, arc little more than fliort fenicnces, or only Tingle words, forcibly repeated in one tone of voice, accompanied with a fingle geflure at . cycry fcntencc. liom their offering human Ikulls and bones to fale, there is not the lead reafon to iloubt of their treating their enemies with a favage cruelty; but, as this circumftance rather marks a general agreement of character among almoft every uncivilized tribe, in every age and country, they are not to be reproached w ith any charge of peculiar inhumanity. Wc had not any reafon to judge unlavourably of their difpofition in this rclpcct: they appear to be docile, courteous, and good-natured; but, notwithftanding their phlegmatic temper, they arc quick in refcnting injuries; yet, like all pallionate people, they forget them quickly. It mull be admitted, that they arc not wholly Mnfufceptiblc of the tender pallions, which is evident from their being Jbndof mufic, and that too of the pathetic kind. Their fongs are generally flow and folemn. Sonnets were fung by Tingle performers, keeping time by fink- ing the hand againft the thigh. A rattle, and a fmall V hifllc, are the only inflnimcnts of mufic w hich we faw . among them. The rattle is ufed when they fing; but . upon what occafions the whifllc is employed, we know not, unlefs it be when they alTumc the figures of parti- cular animals, and endeavour to imitate their howl or j;ry. VVc once faw one of thefe people drefTcd in the Ikin of a wolf, with the head covering his own, firiving to imitate that animal, by making a fqueaking nolle , With a whi(llc.|ia bad in hi^ niuuth, The rattki are gc- iicrally in the fliape of a bird, with fmall pebbles in the belly, and the tail is the handle. Wc obfervcd another fort, which refcmbles a child's rattle. In trafficking with us, fomc of them difplayed a dif- pofition to knavery; taking away our goods without making any return. But the inllances of this were rare, and we had abundant reafoh to approve the integrity of their condudL However, their eagernefs to poircfs iron, brafs. orany kind of metal, was fo great, that when an opportunity prcfented itfelf few of them could rcfift the temptation to fieal it. The inhabitants of theSouth- fea iflands in their petty larcenies were_ aduated by a childilli difpofition, rather than a thievifli one. The novflty of the objvct excited their curioltty, and was a fuliicient inducement for them to get polfeffion of it by any means: but the natives of Nootka, who made free with our property, are entitled to no fuch apology. The appellation of thieves is certainly applicable to thtiri; for they well knew that what they pillered from us would be fubfervient to the private purpoles of utility; and it was foVtunate for us, that metals were the only articles upon which they fet any value; but thefts are very common among thcmfelves, producing continually quarrels, of wlrich wc faw fevcral inllances. The two villages we vifitcd arc probably the only iii- habited parts of the found. The number of inhabit- ants may be comc-utcd fiom the canoes that vifitcd our lliiljs the fctond day after our arrival. They confilkd of about a luindrcd, which ii|>on an average, con- tained, at Itall, live perfons each; but as there were very few women, children, or young men among them, we may realbnahly fuppolc, that the number of fouls in the two villages, couid not be Icfs than four times the number of our villtors, being in the whole two thciii- fand. The village, lituatcd at the entrance of the found. Hands on the fide of a pretty deep afccnt, ex- tending from the beach to the wood. There are holes, or windows, in the fnlcs of the houfcs to look out at, having bits of mats hung before them, to prevent tlic rain getting in. Their houfcs, in the infiile, may, with propriety, be compared to a long Englifli liable with'a double range of flails, and a ho.ird pallage in the nml- dle; for the difl'crent families are fefarated only by a piece of plank. Clofe to the fides, in each of thcfc parts, is a bench of boards, raifed five or fix feet higher than the rcll of the floor, and covered with mats, whereon the family fit and flecp. Thefe benches are commonly fcvcn or eight feet long, and four or five broad. In the middle of the floor, between them, is the lirc-place, which has neither hearth nor chimney. 'I'his part appeared common to them all. The nalli- ncls.and llench of their houfcs are at leaft equal to the confulion within; tijr, as they dry their filh within doors, they alfogut them there, which, with their bones and fragments, thrown down at meals, and the addition of other forts of filth, lie every where in heaps, and are, it lliould fcem, never carried aw ay, till they become troublefomc, from their fizc, to walk over them. In a word, their houfcs are as filthy as hog-flies ; every thing in, and about them, flinkingoffifli, train oil andfiiiokc. Their furniture confills chiefly of chcfls and boxes of various fixes, piled upon each other, at the fides or ends of each houfe, wherein tiny depolit all their va- luables, fuch as flrove the integrity of :rnefs to poirefs iron, great, that when :m )t' them could refift ibitants of tlic South- were^ ailtuated by a thicv'ifli one. The curiofity, and was a !,ct poirelTionof it by )tka, who made free o fiich apology. The applicable to thcmj llcred from us would )fcs of utility; and it vere the only articles but thefts are very oducing continually ilhmccs. probably the only in. number of inlabit- anoLsthat vifited our .ai. They confilkd fn an average, con- but as there were g men among them, ic number of ibuls in than four times the he whole two thoii- the entrance of the tty llecp afcent, ex- id. There are holes, lufcs to look out ar, hem, ti) prevent the the inlide, may, with Englifli liable with'a 1 paliage in the mid- : fe|iarated onl) by a es, in each of thefc fed five or (ix fccc r, and covered with ecp. Thefe benches )ng, and four or five ir, between them, ii hearth nor chimney, icm all. The nalti- it leaft equal to the ■y their filli within ich, with their boncj als, and the addition .\herc in heaps, and vay, till they become dk over them. In a og-fties; every thing train oil andfmoke. cherts and boxes of her, at the fides or Jepoiit all their va- afkf, &c. Many of i liudded with the ted with figures of ■ne of confufion, in ire hung up implc- les. Among thefc » arc nothing more he height ol about of the apart niunt, ont, and the hands igures arc varioully Ic, a ridiculous ap- y Klumma. A foit ig before the images, nwilling to remove; 1 them, theyrcenird :criflus manner; and vet w .(•;•■* '1 *4 Mpii M¥ 'X'': m .^. .?.•* / / I ,.^ik' '•("'^ ,.*r^- '# f"-!^ ^fX'*; *i. <*. .■*^' •f-.Ti'T fi rtTTTiF '." i v rj - mrryrrr. I \ 1 i I ^ ^ 9^ 7%*.hi,^.tm^. ^\^l^^.v^^\P\\ Mi;\ %%\ i4\ .w\\ \I^WM''w(iwte f* ^"' ^^ r- .;,Mi>-— •— ^^^^1 "" ■♦...'»-^ ■;..•" ♦i'j " ^ ^^^J^^^-^^is^y^'.^.., Various ABTICLES of OTAHKITE aiul NFAV 7K AT. AN D COOK'* THIRD and LAST VOVAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 541 yrt they were held in no very extraordinnry degree of ciiimation, feeing, with a fmall quantity of brafs or iron, all the idols in the place might have been pur- chafed. Mr. Webber, when drawing a view ot the iniUe nf a houfe, wherein thofc figures were placed, was interrupted in his work by one of the inhabitants. Mr. Webber, thinking a bribe would have n proper tW'ciH, prefented to him a metal-button from his coat, which immediately operated as Mas intended: foon after he was aijraui interrupted by the fame man, who held a mat before the figures: our gentleman therefore gave him another button, and was again fuHi-rcd to pro- j feed The mm then renewed his former tricks, till i Mr. Webber had parted with every fmgic button 1 after which he received not any farther niolcfiatiort. As to the domeftic life of theft: people, the men feetn to be chieHy employed in fi filing and killing animals, for the fullehanceof their families, few of tnehi being cngjgcd in any houfehold bufinefs ; bat the women were employed in manufadluring their garments ; and in cur- ing fardines, ivhich they .-ufo carry from the canoes to their houfes. They alfo go in fmall canoes, to gather mufclcs, and other (hell-filh. In the labour of the pad- dle they are as dextrous as the men, who lliew them very little refpcd or attention on thii, or any other oc- calioii. Hut the young men are remarkably indolent, tilting generally about in fcattered companies, balking in the lun, or wallowing in the fand upon tht beach, like fo many hogs, without any kind of covering. This difrcgard of decency was, however, confined folely to the males; for the females were always cloathed, and behaved with great propriety, meriting jnftly commen- dation for a moVhich are dug out of the ground, without attempting to (hake off the foil that adheres to them. Whether they have any fet time for their meals we never could find out, having feen them eat at all hours in their canoes. But having obfervcd fcveral mefFes of porpoife broth preparing about noon, when we went to the village, they may proWbly make i principal meal about that time. Thefe people have bows, and arrows, fpears, flings, (hort truncheons made of bone, and a fmall pick-axe, foinewhat refembling the common American toma- hawk. Some of the arrows are poihted with iron, and others with indented bone : the fpcar has ufually » long point made of bone. The tomahawk is a flone of the length of feven or eight inches, one end terminat- ing in a point, and the other fixed in a wooden handle. This is intended to refemblc the head and neck of a hu- man figure ; the ftone being fixed in the mouth fo as to reprefent a tongue of a great magnitude. To heighten , the refemblance, human hair is alfo fixed to it. This weapon is called taawecfh j and they have another madr of lione, which they call feeaik, about ten or twelve inches long, having a fquare point. From the number of their weapons it may be reafonably concluded, that they .engage frequently in clofe combat; and we had v<:ry. : dilagreeable proofs of their wars being both freqiient ;and bloody, from the quantity of human fkulls that were oflercd to us for faie. With refpeifl to the defign and execution of their maiiufafturcs, and mechanic arts, they are more extcn- liive and ingenious than could poflibly be cxpeft,'ar the dilknce of about rairan-.inch froinf^aeh othtr, with fmall plaited thread*. Though it ci^nnot, by this method, be rendered To ckifc and hrm a« cloth that is woven, it is fuflicicntly imperviout to the air, and is likewire foftcr and piore pliable. Their woollen gar- menu havenuich the appearance of woven cloth; but the fuppofition of their being wrought in a loom is deOroycd. by the various figures that arc ingenioudy inferted in thcmi it being very improbable that thefc people fliould be able to produce fuch a complex work, except immediately by tneir hands. Th^y are of dif- ferent qualitief > fome rcfcmbling our coarfcll fort of blankets; and others not much inferior to our fined fort, and certainly both fnftcr and warmer. The wool of which they arc nunufaitlured, fcems to be procured from different aniiiMls, particularly the fox and brown lynx. That from the lynx is the nncll, and nearly rc- lembles our coarfcr wools in colour t but the hair, which alfo grows upon the animal, being intermixed with it, caufcs the appearance to be fomewhat dilferent when Wrought. The ornamental figures in thcfe garments aredifpofed with great tafte, and are generally of a dif- ferent colour, being ufually dyed either of a deep brown, or a yellow; the latter of which, when new, equals in brightncfs, the mod vivid in our bed carpets. - Their tafte for-carving on all their wooden articles, correfponds with that of working figures upon their garments. Nothing is to be fccn without a kind of trce2p>work, or a reprefenution of fomc animal upon it ; but the moft common one is that of the human fiice. The general defign of thefe figures conveys a fufficient knowledg^e of the obje<5ls they arc intended to reprefcnt ; and in the execution of many of the mailu and heads, they prove themfelves to be ingenious fculp> tors. They preferve, with the greateft exa^nefs, the general chandler of their own faces, and iinifh the more minute paru with great accuracy and neatnefs. That thefe people have a fondneis for works of this fort is obfervable in a variety of particulars. Reprefenutions of human figures,birds,beafts, fifh. and modelsof houfe- hold utenfils, were found among them in a very great abundance. To their (kill in the imitative arts, we miay add their drawing them in colours. The whole procefs of their whale-fitherv has been reprefented, in this manner, on the caps tney wear. The execution was indeed nide, but hereby wc were convinced, that, though they have not the knowledge of letters among them, they have a notion of reprelcnting anions in a lading way, exclufivc of recording them in their fongs and traditions. The ftrudlure of their canoes is fimple, yet they are wtfll calculated for every ufeful purpolc. The largeft Ibrr, which in each one will contain upwards of twenty people, arc formed of a fingle tr \ The length of many of them is 40 feet, the breadth 7, and the depth 3. They become gradually narrower from the middle towanis the end, the ftcrn ending, perpendicularly, with a knob at the top. The fore-part urctches for- wards, and upwards, and ends in a point, or prow, much higher than the fides of the canoe, which arc nearly ftraight. The greateft part of them are without any ornament; but fomc have a little carving, and are ftudded withfcals teeth on the furfacc. They have neither feats, nor any other fupporters, on the infide.cxccptfome fmall round fticks, about the fize of a walking cane, placed acrofs, about half the depth of a canoe. They are very light, and, on account of their bmdth and flatnefs, fwim firmly, without an out-rigger, of which they are all def- titute. Their paddles, which arc fmall and light, rc- fcinblc a fmall leaf in ihape, being pointed at the bot- tom, broad in the middle, and gradually becoming nar- rower inthefliaft; the whole length being above five feet. By conftant pradlice, they have acquired great dexterity in the management of thcfe paddles; but they never make ufc of any fails. IM their employment of fifliing and hunting, their in- tlruments are ingenioudy contrived, and completely mtuk^-They confift of nets, hooks, lines, harpoons, :":'■ ■ -4 gigs, ^nd an inOrumcnt refembliog an oar. The Uf\ h tilx)(Jt 2O feet in length, four dr five inches in breadth, and of the thicknels of half an inch. The edges for about two thirds of in lentil, are fet With diarn bonc- teetlt; the other third ferving for a handle. With thii inftrument they (Irike herrings, fardincn, and other fifli as come in dioals, which are lakcn either upon or in . the teeth. Their hooks, made of bone aiui wood, dil- play no great ingenuity ; but the harpooji. ofcd in flrik- ing whales, and other fea animals, manifcfh evijcnt contrivance. It confifts of a piece ol' bone, formed into barbs, in which the oval blade of a large nuifrlc dicll,and the point of the inftrument are fixed. Two or three fathoms of rope is faftened ; to one end of which the harpoon is fixed fo asto^cave the fltafc tluat- ing, as a buoy upon the water, when the animal is ftruck. As to their manner of catching land animals, or killinathem, we areftrangers; but. it is probable that they moot the fmallcr forts with their arrows, and en- counter bears, wolves, and foxes, with their fpcars. Sometimes they decoy them, by covering thcmlilvts with their fl(ins. and running upon all fours, at which fport they are remarkable nimble. Tor the lame txir- pofes the maiits, or carved heads, as well as the ciricd heads of different animals, are ufcd. Every particular of the rope kind, wKirh they ufc in making their various articles, is formed i itiicr from thongs of (kins, and finews of animals, or from the flaxen fubftance, of which they' mantifudurc their mantles. The (inews were fometimes fo remarkably ')ng,that it was hardly pofliblc they could have belonged to any other animal than the whalcj Tlie allillancc they receive from iron tools contributes to their dex- terity in wooden perforntances. Their iinplcmcntii are almoft wholly made of iron. One chiflel indeed wc faw made of bone. This confilh of a Hat long piar, fadencd into a wooden handle. A ftoiK is tlwir mallet, and a bit of flfli-lkin their polilher. Some of. thcfe chilTcIs were nine or ten inches in length, and three or four in breadth; but they were, in (general, confidenibiy fmaller. The chiflel and the kni(e arc the principal forms that iron alTumes among them. Some of their knives arc very large, having crooked blades ; the edge being on the teick, or convex part. They are diarpened upon a coarfc date whetftone, and kept con- tinually brignt. What we faw among them, were about the breadth and thicknels of an iron hoop; and their fin- gular form plainly proves, that they arc not of Euro- pean malcc. Iron is called by the natives feekcmaile, a name which they alfo give to tin. and other white me- tals. It beiitt (o common among thefe people, we were anxious to difcovcr how it could be conveyed to them. On our arrival in the found, we perceived that they had a knowledge of traflic, and an inclination to purfuc it; and wc were afterwards convinced, t^-u they had not acquired this knowledge from a curfory interview with ftrangers; but with whom they carried on this tralTic we could not learn; for though we faw fevcral articles of European manufadure, fuch as brafs and iron, yet it does not follow, that they were received from European nations. We could not obtain the lead information of their having feen (hips, like ours, before, nor of their having been engaged in comgierce with fuch civilized people. Many circumftances corroborate to prove this beyond doubt. On our arrival, they were earned in their enquiries, whether we meant to fettle among them, and whether we were friendly vifitors, informing us, at the fame time, that they gave us wood and water from motives of friendfhip. This proves fufiiciently. that they confidered themfelves as proprietors of the Elacc, and dreaded no fupcriority: for it would have een an unnatural enquiry, if any (hips had been here before, and had fupplied themfelves with wood and water^ and then departed; for they might then reafon- ably expcCt that we (hould do the fame. It mud be ad- mitted, indeed, that thej^ exhibited no nnarks of fur- prize at beholding our (hips; but this may, with great propriety, be attributed to their natural indolence of temper, and their wanting a third of cutioCty. . They ■ ' ■ were' COOKi THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the HdFIC OCEAN, &c, 543 weit neVef flartled at the report of a murquet, till they, one day, flieWed mi that their hide drcflcs were impcnc trible to their Tpean andtrrowi, when one of our peo. pie (hot a itiulquet ball through one of them that had been fix times folded. Their afloniaimcnt at thii plainly inditated their ignorance of the ofTeft of fire amu. Thitwai afilthtrards very frequently confirmed, when we ufed to flioot birds, at which they appeared greatly confounded. Our explanation of the piece. to> gether with the nature of its operation, with the aid of (not and ball, (truck them fo forcibly, as to convince us of their having no previous ideas on this matter. Though fome account of a voyage to this coalV, by the Spaniards, ini 774, or 1775, nad arrived in England before we failed, the circumnanccs jud mentioned, prove, that thcfe (hips had never been at Nootka'. It IS alfo evident, that iron could not have been in fo many hands, nor would the ufe of it have been fo well known, if they had fo lately obtained the firft knowledge of it. I'Vom their general ufe of this meul, it probably comes from fome condant fource, in thewayoftraflic,and they have perhaps been long fupplicd with it ; for they ufe their tools with as much dexterity as thelongeft praiflicc can acquire. The mod natural conledlure, therefore, is, that they trade for their iron with other Indian tribes, who may have fome communication with European frttlcments upon that continent, or receive it through feveral intermediate nations. By the fame means they probably obtain their brafs and copper. Not only the rude materials, but fome manufadlured articles fcem to have found their way hither. The brafs ornaments for nofes are made info maderlya manner, that the Indians cannot be fuppofcd capable o^ fabricating them. We are certain, that the materials are European, as all the American tribes are ignorant of the method of making brafs ; hut copper has been freq^ucntly met with, and, ffomiu ductility, might be eaiily fa(hi3ned into any (liape, and polimed. If fuch articles are not ufed by our traders to Hudfon's Bay and Canada, in their traffic with the natives, they mult have been introduced at Nootka from Mexico; whence, it is probable, the two filvertahle fpoons were originally derived. With refpetft to the religious and political inltitutions eftablilhed among thcfe people, we cannot be fuppofcd to have acquired much knowledge. However, we dif- covered,that there were fuch men as chiefs,didineui(hed by the title of Acweek, to whom the others arc, in fome degree, fubordinate. But the authority of each of thefc }^reatmen, feems to extend no farther thin to his own iamily, who acknowledge him as their head. Nothing that we faw could give us an infight into their notions of religion, except the figures already mentioned, called klumma. Theft, perhaps, were idols ; but as the word acweek was frequently mentioned w hen they fix)ke of them, wc fuppofe they may be the images of (ome of their anccfiors, whofe memories they venerate. This however is all conjedlure; for we could receive no in- formation concerning them, as wc knew little more of their language than to enable us to a(k the names of things, and being incapable of holding any converfation with the natives relative to their traditions, or their re- ligious inftftutions. The word wakafh was frequently in their mouths. It fecmed to exprefs approbation, ap- plaufc and friend(hip. Whenever they appeared to be |)!cafcd or fatisfied,they would call out wakalb! Mtakafli! t is worthy of remark, that as thcfe people differ from the natives of the iflands in the Pacinc Ocean, in their perfons, cu(toms, and language, wc cannot fuppofe their refpeftive progenitors to have belonged to the fame tribe, when they emigrated into thofc places where wc BOW find their defcendents. Their language is, by no means, harfh or difagree- abje, farther than their pronouncing the k and h with a ftrbnger afpiitition, of more force than wc do. They have One (bund> which is very frequent, and not ufed by us. It;is formed in a particular manner by clafhing the tongue partly a^amd the roof of the mouth. It is difficult to i^eprcfent this found by any compofition of our letters, unlefsTromli^thl; which is generally ufed as •* Krmiiaticn. ^e next is compofcd of tlj and many wotdi tnd jvilh z and (s. A fpocimsn or two of each of thcfe it here put down.juvit. u\ >3n»,!i i.irii Opulfithl , .The ^n " '•'l»y1lli. Tfawack Akkia - - Katfitfa . . Mo, or Moo Sochah - - Nofpo - - Atdepoo Atlaquolthl - TfawsquulthI Haeeoo - - SeveH- Eigbf fme Ten Q )d 'J.air.h 'ilqovj. y-JiJh)inKii, vpjx'i VlT»['iblHOl'i ;<:(! i ' .xnyj ;4 (ill* With refped to the compofition of their language wc can fay very little, having Dcen fcarcely able to dil- tinguifh the feveral parts of fpeech. Wc can only in* fer from their manner of fpcafcing, which is very (low and didind, that it has very few prcpofitions or con- Jun^ionst and, as far as we could aifcovcr, is dcltituce of even a fingic intcrjedion, to exprefs admiration or furprizc. From having few conjundions, it may be conceived, that each fmglc word, with them, will ci)m- prehend a great number of (ingle ideas; which fctms to be the cafe; but, for the fame reafon, the language will bcdefedive in other reipcAs, not having words to didingui(h or exprefs differences which rwally exid { and hence not futnciencly copious. 1 bis was pbfcrved to be the cafe, in many indances, particularly ujth re- fpcd to the names c'l animals. The rclatipii or allinity it may bear to other languages, cither on this, or the Afiatic continent, we have not been able fuflicicntly to trace, for want of proper fpccimens to compare it with, except thofc of the Efquimaux, and Indians about Hudfon's Bay; to neither of which it has the lead, re- femblance. On the other hand, from the few Mcp^ican words wc have been able to procure, there is the mod obvious agreement in the terminatiotu of words. In Nootka Sound it is high water, in the days of the new and full moon, at twenty minutes after twelve : the perpendicular rife and fall being eight feet, nine inches 1 which is to be underdood of the day tides, aqd thofc which happen two or three days after the full and new moon. The night tides, at this time, rife near two feet higher. Some circumflances that occurred dpily, relating to this, deferve particular notice. In the cove where we got wood and water, was a great deal of drift- wood cad afliorc, a part of which 'mx had to remove, to come at the water. Now it frequently happened, that large pieces of trees, that we had removed in day, out of the reach of the then high water, were found-by us floated asain in our way the next morning; and all our fpoutsTor conveying water, thrown out of their places, which were immoveable during the day-tides. We found likewifc wood, which wc had fplit up for fuel, and had placed beyond the reach of the day -tide, floated away during the night. Some of thcfe circum- flances occurred every night and morning, for thice ^r four days in the height of the fpring tides. To render our account of the tranfa In the evening, the wind having Ihifted to the fouthward, its fury in ft)mc meafure abated ; uprtn which we (Irelched to the well : but about eleven, the gale again increafcd, and continued till five the next morning, when the llorm fcemetl to have fpent its force, and became moderate. The weather now clcarins up. We were able to fee fcvcral leagu(:i ari^und us, anu ncered more to the north. At noon we licrrcj N. W. by N. with a fredi gale and fair weather. But, towards the evening, the wind again blew hard, uitli I'qualls and min. With this weather wc continued the fame courfc till the {Oth, when wc Heered N. by W. intending to make tiic land. Captain Cook regretted that we could not do it fooner, as wc were now pallmu the fpot where the pretended ftrait of Admiral de Foiu,.' ha« been plated by gcographen. Though the captain gave nit credit to fuch vague and impiubabic llorics, he was delirous of keepit\g the coad of America aboard, ih.it this point might be cleared up bcvnnd difpute : but, at the fame time, he confldcred, that it would have been very imprudent to have engage*', with the land while the weather was fo tempc(\uoui, or to have Ion: the advant.-|gc of a iiiir wind, oy waiting for lefs normy w eather. This day, at noon, by obfervation, we foumi our latitude to be 5 j dcg. 32 min. north, and our lon- gitude 335 deg. 14 min. caR. *'*'r ^ ..;..l J QtS !SJS CHAP. XI. \ /'Hfrr/i of the Rr/ilulinn mui Di/ivirry cilong ibi- norib-ivfjl lo.tjl of America — They anchor near Cape Uincbinhtok— Beho'vmr nfihr nath'a-^Progrefs «/> ibe Sound, and depttrlioe from dMi;'- t'j the mirth— ^.Vfr. U 'illiamfon lands at Cape Snvenbiim—I!is report-^ Brifhl Bay— Extent of it —Thefbips Mi^cd • to return by reafon nf the fboiils— Point Upright— Death andiharafhr of .\fr. Aitdcr/on, ,N Iriilay the irt of May, not feeing land, wc rtccred to the N. E. having a frelli brce/.c at attended with (quails, (howersof hail and rain. Abiiiit fcven o'clock, F. M. we def( ried land, diftant t A clvc leagues. At four o'clock the next morning the coill was lecn (mm S. K. to N. by W. the neared part dirtant five leagues. At the fame time, the northern pointof an inlet, or at lead what appeared to be one, bore H. by. S. from whence to the northward, along the coad, there fceiiud to be many bays and harlxjurs. At fix, approaching nearer to the land, wc purfued the diieOlion of it, (leering N. W. by N. and between eleven and twelve we palled a cluHcr of fmall illes, fituatcd near the tmuincnt, to the northward of the fouthern point of an extenllve bay. An arm of this bay feemed to reach towards the north, behind a round lofty moun- tain, that (>»mls between it and the fea. Tr. this cmi- nriKc Captiim Clook gave the name of Mount Ivtlgc- cumbcj and the fxiint of land projcjiling indii it, was culled Cape I'.dj^;ecumbe, The Cape lies m latitude 57 dvg. { min. N. and in long. 224 deg. E. The land, ex' pt what is contimious to the fea, is of conliderable heighi, abounding wiih hills. Mount Edgecumbc, which far out-tops all the red, Was entirely covered with I'now, as were alio the other elevated hills; but the lower ones, and the fpots rifing near the fea, were covered with wood. I'urfuing our courfc to the north, waril, we (iuiiid the coall to trend to the N. and N. E. for (ix or fevcn leagues, and there formed a fpacious bay. Some illaiid bci-ig in the entrance of it, we gave it the name of ilic Hay of Iflands. On Sunday the third, at half an hour pad four, P. M. Mount Edgecumbc bore fouth 54 deg. E. a large inlet, N. 50 dcg. E. and the mod advanced point of land to- wards the N. W. lying under a very lofty mountain, which was called Mount Fair-Wcaiher,borc N. 32. deg. wed. The inlet was named Crofs Sound, it being fird obferved on the day fo marked in our calendar. An cadern promontory forms the fouth-cadern point of this Sound; this we didinguillied by the name of Crofs- Cape. Under the above-mentioned peaked mountain i% a point, which was named Cape Fair- Weather. At noon, this cape was diliant thirteen leagues. Having for feveral days light breezes, we dccreJ S. VV. and VV. S. W. till the morning of the fourth, when we tacked, and dood towards the diore. At ooon Mount I'air- Weather bore north, 63 dcjj. E. This mount is the highed of a chain or ridge ot mountains, that rife at the- north wcdern entrance of Crofs Sound, and ex- tend towards the N. W. parallel w ith the coad. They arc covered with fnnw, trom the highed fummit down to the fea-coad, except in a few places, where wccouki' difcern trees that fcemcd to rife, aa it were from the fea. About five o'clock, P. M. the top of a high mountain appeared above the horizon, bearing N. 26 deg. W. Ibrty leagues didant. This wc fuppo^d to be the mount Elias of Commodore Beering. In the courfc of the day we obferved a brownidi duck, with a. dark indigo head and neck) likcwifc feveral whales, porpoifes, fcals, &c. Having light winds, with occa- (ional calms, we m.ide but little way. On Wednefday the 6th, the neared land being didant eight leagues, we perceived, in a north-eaderlydiredion, the appearance of a bay, and an ifland, by its fouthern point, covered with wood. This is probably the place where Beering anchored : Captain Cook, therefore, in honour of the fird difcovcrer, named it Beering's bay; fouthwardof which the ridge of mountains is interrupted hy a plain of feveral leagues in extent, beyond which the light was unbounded. On the fevcnth, at noon, we were five leagues from the flioic; from which dation we obferved a bay under the high land, with low woodland on each fide of it. Wc now perceived, that the coad trended confiderably to the wed. On the ninth, at noon. Mount Elias bore N. 30 dcg. £. didant 19 leagues. I'his (lands twelve leagues inland, lat. 60 dcg. ^^ min. N. long. 219 dcg. E. .Sunday, the loth, we obferved in lat. 59 deg. 51 min. and in long. 215 deg. 56 min. being only three leagues didant from the coaft of the continent, which extended from E. half N. to N. W. half W. as far as the eye coiild reach. To the wcdward of the latter di- rection we faw an ifiand, didant fix leagues. A point, which the Commodore named Cape Suckling, projects towards the north-eadcrn end of the ifland: Within this cape fiaris a hill of conftdsrable hcijjbt, divided iiom L^V. tlK-l 3 a: n ^i f I r «cad end of Kaye's Idand ftands another, extending N. W. and S. E. about nine miles, to within the fame dilhnce of the north-wcftcrn boundary, to which the name of Comptroller's Bay was given. The next morning, be- ing Tucfday the iith, Kayc's Idand was flill in fight, bearing E. by S. At noon, when in la*. 61 dcg. 1 1 min. rhc eaftcm point of a fpacious inlet bore v c(l-north- wed, three IcaguM did^ant. From Compti oiler's Bay to this point, which the Commodore named Cape Ilinchinbrook, the diredVion of the coaft is nearly E. and W. .Beyond this it appeared to Incline towards the fbuth ; a dircdtion very differertt from that marked out in the modem charts, founded on the late difcove^ riei of the Ruflianst infbrnuch, that wc had fome reafon to expcif^, that we Ihould f>nd« through the inkt before us, apa<^;e to l,|icN.«iKl tb«t theland to R w^k not dcttrre4 from paying ut a No> 67, - ll 6 Y tiic W. and !5. W. «;is a gruup ot illands. We hud no ■ fooncr reached the inlet, than the weather bcrnmc ex- ceeding foggy; it was therefore thought nccclfary that the fliips Ihould be fccureu during the continuance of the fog. With this view wc hauled clofc under Cape Hinchinbii-ok. and caft anchor in eight fathoms water, at the dirtance of about two furlongs from the lhore» Soon after the boats were hoiftcd out, fome to filh, and others to found. At intervals, the fog cleared away, and gave us aprofpecl of the neighbouring l.ind. The cape was one league diftant; the wcdcrn point of the inlet five leagues; and the land on that iidc extended to W. by N. Between this point and N. W. by W. wc could difcern no land. The mod weftcrly point we had in view on the north fliore, was at the diftance of two le;.gucs. Betwixt this point, and the Ihorc under which our Ihips now lay at anchor, is a bay about three leagues deep, on the fouth-eaftcrn fide of which are fevcral coves ; and in the middle are placed fome rocky iflands. To thefc Mr. Gore was difpatched in a boat, in order to flioot fome birds. K'e had f:arccly reached them, when about twenty natives appeared in two large canoes ; upon which he returned to the fliip, and they followed him. They were unwilling, however, to ven* ture along-fide, but kept at a little dillancc, Ihouting aloud, and clafping and extending their arms alter* natcly. They then began a fong, much after the manner of King George's, or Nootka Sound. Their heads were drcwcd with feathers, and one of them held out ^ white garment, which wc fuppofed was intended as a tohen of friendlhip; while another, forne.ir a quarter of an hour, llomi up in the canoe, entirely naked, with his arms exteniled like a crofs, and motionlefs. Their canoes wercconllructcd upon a dilierent plan from thofc of Nootka. The frame conf (Kd of difilrent laths, and the outfide was formed of .(lie Ikini of feals, or other animals of a fimilar kind. I'hough fome of our pcojjie repeated the molt to;nmon words of the language of Nootk.i, they did not appear to undcrlViiid them. After they had received foiiic prcfcntsthat were thrown to them, they retired towards the Ihore, intimating hy ■ figns, that they would pay us an.ithcr vilit tiic next morning. Two of thcni came otf to us in the niglit, each in a fmall canoe, hoping, pcihaps, they might have an opportunity ofpillciing; lor they went away as • foon as they percei\ed themlelvcs difcovcrcd. I'hc wind, during the night, blew hard in fqualls, \Mth rain, and thick hazy weather. On Wedntfday the 13th, at ten o'clock, .\. M. the ' wind becoming more mojcrato, we got up our a ichors, and made fail, m order to feairh lor l()mc convenient place where we might flop the leak, as our prefent fi'tuation was too much expofcd for that purpofe. We ^ at firft intended to have gone up the bay before which our rtrips had anchored; but. By the clearncfs of the weather, wc were afterwards induced to ftecr towards the north, further up the great inlet. Having paffed the N. W. point of the above-mentioned bay, wc found • that the coaft, on that fide, inclined to the caft ward : we did not follow it, but proceeded on our courfc to ^ the northward, for a point of land which we obfervcd inthatdiredion. In the afternoon, before two o'clock, the foul wcarher returned, with fo thick a fog, that wc could difcern no other land tut the point juft mentioned, otf which wc arrived between four and five o'clock, and found it to be a little ifland, fituate at the diftancc of about two miles from the neighbouring coaft, being a v point of land on thecaftern fide of which we difcovcrcd an excellent bay. or rather harbour: to this we plied up, while the wind blew in very hard fqualls, accom- pan'cd with rain. In pading the ifland, ws found a muddy bottom, at the depth of twenty-fix fathoms. At ;ength, alx)ut eight o'clock, we were obliged, by the violence of the iqualls, to caft anchor in thirteen fathoms water, before we had proceeded fo far intp the bay as the Commoti'jrc intended; but we thought ourfelvcs fortunate enough in liaving the Ihips already fccured, for the night was exccvKling tempcftuous. Btrt, notwithftandmg the W'.athcrwasfo turbulent, the natives vilit. Three ot thciti 546 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ^1 thctn came otFin two canoes: twool'ihcm in one, and one in the other, being the numlH-r that each canoe could cany: for they were conllriiOttd nearly in the finic manner with thofe of the l>'.fiiiiiniaiix, except that in one of them were two holes tor two perfons to lit in, and in the other but one. The men had each a Hick, atxMit three feet long, with the large feathers, or wings of birds, falKned to it, which they probably held up to us as tokens ol peace. I he trcatiiK-nt thcfe three received, induced many others to vilit us, between one and two o'clock the following morning, in both great and fmall canoes. Some of them ventured on board the Refolution, though not before fome r.f o.ir people h;id Hepped into their boats. Amon;..^ thole wt.'i came on board, was a middle-aged mn:., who, a.s we afier- wards found, was a chief. His thefs was made of the Ikin of the fea-ottcr, and he liad on his head fuch a c.i[) as is worn by the inhabitants of Nootka, cmbel- litlicd with Iky-biuc glafs beads. Any kinil of beads fcemcd to be in high ellimation among thefe people, who readiiv (.;;.ve in exchange for them w hatcvcr they had, even tl'.eir line fea-otter Ikins. 'I'hev coveted par- ticularly iron, but abfolutely rejected fmull bits, and Ji^iuired pieies nine or ten inches long at lealf, anil three or four fingers broad. Hut they obtained little of this commodity from us, as bv this tune it was become rather A ane. 'I'he points of foine of their fpeais were ot this metal; others were ol < opper, and a few were bone; ot which lall the points ot tl'.eir arrows, darts, fee. were formeii. The chief coulil not be prc\aijcd •upon to venture below the upper deck, nor did he and Ins companions continue long aboard. While ihcy ftaid with 11.^, It was necctfarvto watch them narrowlv, as they foon manilelttd an inclination lor thieving. At leigth, when they h.ul been three or lour hours along- iiile the Refolution, thcv all ijuitted her, :ind rep ured t(, the Dilcovery, whuh lliip none ol them h.ul bctiire been al>oai\l ot, except one nian, v. ho came tiom her at this vc'v time, and munediately returned to htr, in tompanv with the oihers. ,\s foo:i as ihey had de- parted ttom our fiiip, t'aptain t\M>L difpatched a boat to found the hiad of the bay; fti, as the wind was moderate at piefent, it was intiiuled to lay the Ihip afiiore, if a i)io[XT place could be found for the proccls nt flopping the leak. .Soon atierw.irds all the .Ameiicans quitted the Difeovcre, and made iheir way towards our boat that was cmploved in founiting. The ollicer w ho w. IS in her, olifervmg their npproai h, returned to the fliip, and ill! the canoes folloMed him. The crew ot the boat hail no f(X)ner repaired on board, leaving in hic had entered. This circiiniHame diil not much ciUi.- bute to theprobability of a pallage to the north f'uijj.ih the inlet, thcnigh it did not make entirely a^ 1! r Having part the point juH mcruioned, wc 11 ■ ■■■■i.\ much foul ground, and many funken rocks; !!.■. !■, > failed us, fo that wc had limic ditliculty in extricai/ ■', ourfelves from thcdanger with which we were threatenwi; however, about two o'llock P. M. wccall anchor under the ealtern Ihore, in i{ fathoms, and l()ur Icaguct iliHant from our laH Hation. The weither foon alter ileared u|i, and we had 1 diltinct view of all the fur. rounding land, partiiul.uly towards the iiorih, whciv It appearcil to dole. This gave us but little hope of mei'tmg with a pallage that way; b it, in order to torn* a right judgment, Lieutenant (jor: was lent cut with two armed boats to examine the northern A':^•, and, Jt ihe fame time, the mailer wa'. difp.itc'.i .; ith twu other boats, to furvcy another arm that i i^d to in- cline towards th& caft. Iloth returned at i!i^ it. "f the M.iller we were informed, th»t the arm, to whii h he had been ''enr, communicated w-th that wt had lall: quitted, and that one fide of it *as Ibrme I by aclulkr of .'landt. Mr. (Jorc leportei', " that he 'lad feen the entrance of an arm, which, he wasuf opinio.t, extended a long way tc the N. I . ar.J that probably by ii c< palFige might be found." On the other hand, Mr. Robers, one ot the mates, who had been fcnt with Mr. (^urc to Ikctch out the pans thcv ••..id examin'.d, wiu of opinion that they faw the he a1 of this jrm. " The oilagrcc- .iiwitof tbcfe twiJ t)f inion* (obfcrvcs Captain t»"ook)anJ thj; J" ,. c^^l ,>i Hlll'llll ■i: vA'-\. i ' '^;''i''iji! \ '' ■ ^■^^^-•.i:;i:Jr^' i,::ii .!'; ■■ ■ ' ;:,;. ' 8' 1 \\'- !lf''''ii'^^ ::•!: 1! I|i|!i ■- ■V 1 1 k' ' 1 m P:;,jife. I1'.V[';, Bih-'i'js.:/]!! ?■:, , 1 ii' ' ili''' 11 |K,,|!| |!:i|{ II,: P*"' ■■ ' "■■ ^ "■'' ■•i'''' Sf :iWi'-'" fi' ■■';..!#'''"■' ■ )i '.'*^^* "Uit. '*•«» F ?■' ' 1 ■ i ■ "^■Llnltaa ^ '^ ^••u i^r^ ' ii#' I '. 1 1 , I \ \. #m $mh iiJH ./>, W > ..V-.'- . , \ \aHH F^^ SHH^^^^^^H '■ \' n^aj n^HIH^^^^^^^I ■\\\ • Ktm ^Q ^B^^^H 1 u-Ma ■ ^^1 V \> A Rill 1 ■H I^^^^^^H \ A We bad not an opportunity of feeing any of the hao bi ,i.io'i4 of the natives, as none of thcni dwelt in the bay where our fliips anchored, or where any of ut landed: but withrelpedto theirdomeftic utcniils, thn brought, in their canoes, fome round and oval wooden dillies, rather ihallowi and others of a cylindrical form, conflderably deeper. The fides areone piece bentrouiK'j after the manner of our chip-boxes. but thick, and neatly fattened with thongs, the bottoms being neatly fixed in with fmall pegs of wood. Others were foinc- what fmallcr, and of a more elegant figure, not unlike a large oval butter-boat, without any handle, but flial. lower; thefc were compofcd of a piece of wood, or fome horiw fubflance, and were fometimcs neatly carved. They had in their pofTeflion a great number of little fquarc bags, made of the fame gut with their ex. tcrior frocks, curioufly adorned with very fmall red fea- thers interwoven with them, in which were contained fcveral very fine finews, and bundles of fmall cord, made nut of them, plaited with extraordinary inge- nuity. They likewifc had fome models in wood of their ranocs ; chequered bafkets, wrought fo clofcly as to hold water, and a confiderablc number of little images, four or five inches high, either of wood, or fluffed, which were covered with a pfece of fur, and cmbcllillicd with quill-feathers, with hair fixed on theit heads. We could not determine whether thefe were in- tended merely as children's toys, or were applied to fiijicrflitious purpofes. They have many inflrumcnts foimcdof two or three hoops, ot concentrical pieces of wood, having a crofs bar fixed in the middle, by which they are held, 'ib thefc they fix a numlicr of dried barnacle fhclls, with threads, which, when fliakcn, pr.)- ducca loud noife, and thus fcrvc the purpofc of" a rat- tle. This contrivance is probably a fubflitute for the rattling bird at King George's Sound. It is uncertain with what kind of tools their wocnlcn utcnfils, frames of canoes, &c. are made; the only one that we obfervcd among them being a fort of Itone-adze, fomewhat rc- femblmg thofe of Otaheite, and other iflands in the Pacific Ocean. They have a great Quantity of iion knives, fome of which are rather curveo, others (\r).!i;ht, and fome very fmall ones, fixed in longilh hamlu*s, with the blades bent upvraids. They have alfo knivei, fomeof which are almofl two feet in length, Ihapcd, in a great meafure like a dagger, with a ridge towards the middle. Thefc they wear in (heaths of (kin, hunj; by a thong round their necks, under their robe or frock. It is probable, that they ufc them only as weapons, and that their other knives arc applied to diflisrent purpofes^ Whatever they have, is as well made as if thcv were provided with a complete chert of tools ; and tlicir plaiting of finews, fcwing, and fmalUwork on their little bags, may be found to vie with the neatefi maniu fiwftures in any part of the globe. Upon the whole, confidering the uncivilized ftatc of the natives of this found, their northerly fituation, amidfl a country almnf^ continually covered with fnow, and the comparative wretched materials they have to work with, it apnears that, with rcfpcd to their (kilt and invention, in all ma- nual operations, they are at leafl upon a tiooting with any other people in the iflands of the great Pacifif» Ocean. The aninul food, we faw them eat, was either roafied, or broiled : they feed alfo on dried fifh. Some of the former that was purchafed, had the appearance of bear's flefli. They likewife eat a larger fort of fern-root, either baked, or drcIFed in fome other method. Some of out company obfervedthem toeat freely of a fubflance, which we imagined was the interiorpart of the pine bark. Their drink, in all probability, is water i for, in their canoe?, they brought fnow in their wooden vciTds, >rhich they fwaUowed l^ mouthfuls. Their mt|nn«r(>ir cttmg i| decent and cleanly, for they confiantiy tgidt.iriire to re- move any dirt that might adhere, to their fopd: and though they would fometimes eat the raw ftt of a fe^ aninul, yet, they did not fiiil to put it icwe^Hy- ihtq mouthfuU. To all appearance,, theirperfiw were al- ways free from filth i mtti their ut6nf!M<> ii^ IP^^> ^^1 kept in cxcellen'^ >der, as were alfo tHitifOdul Thclanguag^ ; thele people rectncd^fficitn^ to be I i^|trftp■■■ .»«■ COOK*8 THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, 6tc. 549 undcrftood: this, perhaps, was not owing toanyconfu- fion, or indiftindlncfs intjicirfoundi, but to the various fignifications which their words bear : forthcy frequently made ufe of the fame word on different occaiionsj though, probably, if wc could have had a longer inter- courlc with them, this might have proved a uiiftakc on our part. Amonp the few words and phrafcs the inge- nious Mr. Anderlon was enabled to procure, wc have fciefled the following : Ahicu - - Amiihtoo - Kcelafhuk - Natoonefliuk Lukluk- - Namuk - Aa - - Chilkc - I'aiha - - Tokkc- - Ciiukelo . Koehecne - Tiikulai - Kcichillho Klu or Klicw - A Spciir - A Piece of while bear's Jhin ' ' '' - - Vmts of which ihry make jackets The Skill of a/ca-oller • A Bronvn Jhaj^\^y Jhn - An Ornament for the ear ■''". - - Tes - ' One . . Two ' ' ' ■••.,• - - Three • ' ■ •" ■ . .' - - Four .- • - - Fiz'C •' ■ ■ - - Six - - Se^en . - Eight Phrases. , .1 . Yaut - - - . nigi: orjLx'l ho? Whachai - - - Shall I kapilf Doynu give it me? Tawuk - - - Keep it Wcona or Vcena - Stranger (calling to one) Ooon ka i '''" -^" ^'"''^'^ /"" '^'^ ''■"'" ^''''<»*S' ' ' ( tome? Kceta - - - - Give mefomelhingf Nacma - - . Give mefmething in exchange? Akafliou - - - lyhat's the name of that f With regard to the numerals, Mr. Anderfon obfcrvcs, that the words correfponding to ours, after palling three, arc not certain. Our knowledge of the animals of this part of Ame- rica, is entirely derived from the (kins that were brought by the natives for fale. Thefe were principally ol bears ; common, and pine martins; fea-otters, leals, ra- coons, fmall ermines, foxes, and the whitilh cat or lynx. Among thefe various (kins, the moft common arc thofe ofracoons,m4rtins, and fea-otters, which form theor- dinary drcfsof thefe people: but the (kins of the mar- tins which were in general of a far lighter brown than thofe of Nootka, were greatly fupcrior to them in point offincnefsj whereas tnofc of the fea-otters, which, as well as the martins, were much more plentiful here than at Nootka, fcemed to be confic';rably inferior in the thicknefs and fmenefs of their r, though they far ex- ceeded them w ith refjiecl to fi7,e; and were, for the moft Crt, of the glolfy black fort. The (kins of fcals, and ars, were nlfo very common: the former were, in ge- neral, white; and many of the bears, here, were of a dark brown hue. Bcfides thefe animals, th^>rc is the M'hitc bear, of whofe (kins the natives brought fcveral pieces, and fome complete (kins of cubs. Here is alfo the wolverene, or qMicKhatch,whofc fkin has very bright colours ; and a larger fpecies of ermine than the com. mon one, varied with brown, and fcarcely any bjack on its tail. The (kin of the head of fome very large ani- mal was brought to us, but wc could not decide pofi- tively what it wns; though from the colour, and (liaeginefs of the hair, and its not rcfemhling any land 'anim.«l, wc conjeiitured, that it might be that of themalcur(inc-feal, or fea-bear. But one of the moft beautiful (kins that fell under our conlidcration, is that of a fmall animal near a foot'in length, of a brown co- lour on the back, with a number of obfcurc whitifti (pecks, the (ides being of a blueifli afti colour, with a >ew of thofe fpccks- The Uil is about a third part bf the length ot the body, and it covered with «'hici(b hair. This animal ia doubtlefs the fame with that which is called by Mr. Staehiin,' in his account of the New Northern Archipelago, the Ibottcd field-moufc i but whether it is really cif tlK rooufe. kin^,. or a fquirr ^ 67, . •■ ,. *. rcl, we couki not loam, nor drtcrtninc, for want of en- tire (kins ; though Mr. Anderfon was inclined to be- lieve, that it is tile fame animal which fome of our na- turalifts have dcfcribed under the appellation of the calan-marmot. The great number of Ikins that wc faw at this place, demonftrates the abundance of the various animals we have mentioned ; yet, it is fomewhat remarkable, that we neither met with the (kins of the moofe, nor of the common fpecies of deer. As to the birds we found the halcyon, or great king-lifhcr, having tine bright colours; thcftiag; the white headed eagle j and the humming bird, which often flew about our (hips, while wc lay at anchor; though it cannot be fuppofed to live here, during the winter, which muft be extremely fcvere. ,Thc water-fowl fecn by us were black fca- pics, with red bills, fuch as we met with at Van Diemen's Lind. Some of our people brought down a fnipe, a groufe, and fome plovers: but notwithftanding the wa- ter-fowl were numerous, particularly the geefe and ducks, they were fo (hy, that it was a difficult matter to get within fliot; in confequence of which, we pro- cured a very inconlidcrable fupply of them as rcfre(h- ments. The duck is about the lizc of our common wild one; of a deep black, with red feet, and a (hart pointed tail. Its bill is white, tinged towards the point with red, and has a large black f(>ot, almort fquarc, near itsbafc.on each (iJe, where it isalibfomewhatdiltended. On the forehead is a large triangular white fpot; and on the hinder p.irtof the neck is one ftill larger. The co- lours of the female are much Icfs vivid than thofe of the male; andlhchas none of the ornaments of the bill, excepting thofe of the two black fpots, which arc ra- ther oblcurc. Wc obfcrved a fpecies of the diver, which fccms peculiar to this place. In lizc, it is equal If) a partridge, and has a ihort, black, comprefTcd bill. Its head, and the upper part of its neck, are of a irownifh black; and the remainder of its body is oft deep brown, waved oblcurely with black, except the under part, w hich is totally of a blackifh caft, minutely v;iried with white. We found alfo a fmall land bird, of the finch kind, about the bignefs of a yellow-hammer; but we imagined it to be one of thofe which change their colours with the fcafon, and with their different migrations. It was, at this time, of a dufky brown with a rcddilh tail ; and the fuppofed male had, on the crown of the head, a large yellow fpot,*with fome va- ried black on the upper part of its neck ; but the latter was on the brcaft of the female. With refpect to the fifh, what the natives brought to us for fale, were torik and halibut. We caught fome fculpinsaboutthcfliip; and ftar-fiihof a purplilh hue, that had lixteen or eighteen rays. The rocks were al- moft dcftitutc of ftiell-fifh, and the only one of this tribe that fell under our notice, was a reddifh crab, covered with large fpines. Wc obfcrved few vegetables of any kind, ami the trees that chiefly grew about this found, were the Canadian, and fprucc pine, fome of which were of a confidcrable fize. The metals wc faw thefe people poired'ed of, were iron and copper; both which, but particularly the former, were in fuch abundance, that their lances and arrows were pointed with them. The ores which they ufed to paint themfelvcs with, were a brittle, undluous red ochre or iron ore; a pig- ment of a bright blue ; and black lead : but each of thefe articles feemed to be very fcarce among them. Thefe people muft, certainly, have received from fome more civilized nation, the beads and iron found among them. We were, doubtlefs, the (irft Europeans, with whom they ever h.-»d a dircA communication; and it remains only to be determined, from what quarter they had pro- cured our manufadures. And it is more than proba- ble, that they had obtained thefe articles, through the i irervcntion of the more inland tribes, either from the fctth mcnts about Hudfun's Bay, or thofe on the lakes of Canada ; unlefs wc can admit the fuppofition, that the Ru(rians, from Kamtfchatka, have already extended their traffic to this diiUnce; or that the natives of their muft calterly Fox Itlands carry on an intercourfe along the coaft, with the inhabitants of Prince William'a SouiK.1. As to cpppcr thiefe people, perhaps, procure it 6 Z themfelvcs, mm it ,5SO Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. thcnifclvcs, or, at molL it paffcs to them through very lew hands I for when tncy otTcrcJ any of it by wny of barter, they iifcd to exprcli its being in fulVicicnt plenty among them, by pointing to their weapons, ai if they vvouliTintimatc, tliat, having fo much copper of their own, they had no occufion to incrcal'c their flock. How- ever, if the n.-itive« of this inlet arc furnifhcd with Luiropean commoditicn by means of the intermediate tralFic '->'hc cnilcrn coall, it is rcnurkable, that they (hould I. ver, in return, have fupplied the nM)re inland Indiana with fomcof their fca-otter l] and from the nakcdiicrs u' appearance, the Cautain named them the Barrel. .,,0: they arc fituated in latitude 59 deg. three leagues dillant from Cape I'.lizabcth, and live tio\}\ Point liauks. k was our intcmiun to have palled through one ui ihc channels by which thefe illands arc divided) but a (hong current fetting againfl us, wc went to leeuuidot them all. The weather, which had been thi( k aiul hazy, cleared up towards the evening, when uc per- ceived a very loftv promontory, whole elevated lumniit appeared above the clouds, forming two exceeding lu^rh mountains. Captain Cook named this promotury (.ape Douglas, in honour of his friend Dr. Douglas, canon of Windfor. It ii fituated 12 leagues fium Point Banks, and 10 tothe weflward of the Barren jr.es, in latitude 58 deg. 56 min. and longitude 206 deg. 10 min. Between this point and Cape Douglas is a large deep Bay, which, from our obfcrving (ome fmoke upon Point Banks, received the name of Smokey Bay. At day break on the 26th, being to the northward of the Barren Ifles, we difcovercd more land, extending ironi Ca(% Douglas tothe north. It conlilled of a chain ot very high mountains; one of which, being much more confpicuous than the rcll, obtained the name ot Mont St. Auguftine. Having a frcfli gale wc Itood toila- N. W. till eight, when we found, that what we han fnp. pofcd to be illands were fumniit.s ot itioiintiiinn, cun- neCted by the lower land. This was ciAtreit wl-.dlly with fnow, from the tops of the luouiuains lUnm tj the fca-beach; and had in every ether rcfpcct, the ap- pearance of a great continent. Captain Cook was iviw fully convinced, that no pafliigc could be dili overed tiy this iiilct; and his continuing to exnl' more (> fatisty others, than to contirin hi.i own opinion. Ac this time Mount St. AugutUnc !iore N. W. dillaiit ihirc leaj^ucs. It is of a conical figi "■■, and rjfca to a |.i(a1i- gioLi.H height; but whether it ' ' illand, or pan <ut live in the afternoon. Between Cape IJizabeth and a lolty ]ho. inontory, which "was named C^pc Bede, is a bay, wherein we might have anchored; but, the Capt.im having no fuch inirntion, we tacked and flood to thc weflwttrd, with a very flrong gale, accompanied uiih rain and hazy weather. Next morning the gale abated, and about three o'clock in the afternoon, the Mcailier cleared up; Cape Uougiai bearing S. W. by VV. iiiJ the depth of wrater being 40 tathoms, over a rocky bottom. From Cape Uedc the coall trended N. li. h/ E, with a chain oi mountairu in land, in the fame li- re^ion. We had now the mortification to difciAtr low land in the middle of the inlet, extending fiDui ]<, N. E. to N. E. by E. but, as it was fuppoled 10 be an illand, wc were not much difcouragcd. On Thiirfday, the 28th, A. M. having but little wiiiJ, the fliip drove to the fouthward. and in order to Hop her, wedropped a kcdge-anchor, with an eight inch hauler. But. in bringing the ihip up, we loll both that and the anchor. However, wd brought the fhip up, with one of the b iwers, and fpcnt a confiderable part of the day in fwccping for them, but without efltit. We were now in the latitude of 59 deg. 51 min. the low land extended from N. E. to S. E. the nearefl part diflant two leagues; and the land on the weflcrn fliore about fcvcn leagues. A flrong tide fet to the fouthward, out of the inlet; it was the ebb, and ran almofl four knots in an hour. At ten o'clock it was low water. Though the water had become thick,.and refcmblcd that in rivers, wc were encouraged to proceed, by finding it as fait as in the ocean, even u low water. Three knota was the flrength of the flood tide; and the ftrean) continued t9 run up till four ini the tifterncon; At eight o'clock in the evening we flood up the iUtt. tbihcJV)rthw t SaonAfter the wind veeicd to this qUarteo and blew in fqualls, at- tended with rain; bm thu did not hinder us t'tem ply^ iog up while 'theifoadcontiiMicd, which was. till the next .moiaiitg at near .five o'clscic, whcnwe auKhore^ 4 . ,' o aiwt COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 551 jbmit two leapufs froni the riftcrn flinroi anil our la- fituiltf WHS 60 ik-g. S min. Some low i.mil, which we fiip|)()rril CO be nn illanJ, i.ny under the wcllern (horc, dilhnt between three and tour Ica^^iicn. The weather cliarinRup, » ridfre of mountains appeared; and two coliimn» of fmokc were vKible on the ealtcrn lliorc. At onco'clork A, M. wc weighed, and plied up under double reefed top-fails, having a Ihonggaleac N. E. On Saturday the 30th, the gale h.iving much abated, we plit'd up from two o'clock A. M. till near fcven, and then anchored under the lliorc to the caOward, in 19 fathoiiu water. At noon two canoes, with a man in each, came off to the (hip, nearly from ihat part where -wc had feew the frnokc the day bcfofc. They refem bled ftrongly thofc we had feen in IVincc William's Souml, both in drcfs and pcrfon: their canoes were alii) conrtru(;ted in the fame manncn and chc of them had a large beard, and a countenance like thccouuuon liirt of people in the Sound. When the Hood made, we weighed, liood over to the wcftcrn fliore, and fetched under a blulf point to the N. W. Thix, w ith ihe point on the oppolite Ihore, contra''tcd the brea ., particularly thole of fea-ottcrs, martins, and hares, alio falmon, halibut, and a few of their darts; for whit h, in return, we gave them old clothes, beads, ami pieces of iron. Thefe lall they call gocne; but, in general, their language is nearly the fame .is that ufcd in IViiKC William's Sound. At nine o'clock, wc an- chonxl ill fixtecn fathoms water, almoll two leagues from the wcrtern (horc, the ebb being already began. It ran but three knots an hour at its grefttcft ftrength, and fell, after wc had anchored, twenty-one feet upon a pcrpindicular. In order to detcrinine the dirciition, and other particulars refjWting the inlet, Cajitain Cook difpatchcd two boats, and when the Hood tide made, followed llicm with the two fliips; but, after driving about ten miles, wc anchored, having a dead calm and ftrong tide againd us. At the lowelV of the ebb, the water at and near the furfacc, was perfectly frefli, though retaining a confiderablc degree of faltnefs, if taken above a foot below it. Bcfidcs this, wc had other con- vincing proofs of its being a river, fuch as thick muddy Water, low (horcs, trees, and rubblfti of various kind."!, floating backward and forward with the tide. In the afternoon wc received another vifit from the natives, who b.irtftrcd largely with our [people, without fo much as attempting one difhoneft adUon. On Monday the ift of June, at two o'clock, A. M. thfc mafter, who commanded the two boats, returned, inibmiing lu that he found the inlet or river contraded to one league in breadth, and that it took a northerly toinrfe through low land on each fide. He advanced about three leagues through this narrow part, which he found 'from aoto 17 ftthomsdeep. While the ftream ran down the water was pcrfcdly fcelh, but it become hrackifh when it ran up, and more fo near high wratcr. Three league* to the northward of this fcarch, the mailer diicovered another feparation in the eatlcin ( hain of mountains, through which he fiippoled it pro- bable, the river ran in a Jirctflion N. K. but this was thought by the captain to be only another braiv h, and that the main ch.inncl continued in a northern direction between the two chains of mountains. The plealing hopes of Knding a pallagc were no longer entertained 1 but as the ebb was Ipcnt, wc took the advantage of the next tide to get a clofer view of the eaftrrn brinch : in order to determine whether the low land on the call was an ifland or not. For this pur[)ofe wc weighed with the firll of the HootI, and Homl over for the calUrii Ihore. At eight o'clock a breeze fprang up in a di- rection oppolite to our courfc, fo that wc dcfpaircd of reaching the entrance of the river. By rcafon of this untoward circumltancc, two boats were difpatchcd, under the command of Lieutenant King, to make fuch obfcrvations as might eniiblc us to form fome tolerable idea of the nature and courfc of the river. About ten o'clock, the Rcfolution andDifcovcry anchored in nine fathoms water. The Commodore oblerving the Urcngth of the tide to be fo powerful, that the boats could not make head againtt it, made a fignal tor ihcm to rcturi),_ betbre they had proceeded half way to the entrance of the river. The only knowledge concerning the grand quellion, obtained by this tide's work, was, that all the low land, which we had imagined to l)e an ifland, was one continued tract from the great river to the foot of the mountains, terminating at the fouth entrance of this ealtcrn branch, which the Commodore denominated tha river Turnagain. 'Ihe low land begins again on the north fide of this river, and extends from the foot of the mountains, to the tsank ol the great river, forming ixfore tht- river Turnagain a large bay. Maviiig entered this, the Hood fee very Hrong into the river, the water falling :o feet upon a perpendicular, from which circumHancts it was evident, that a fxill'agc was not to be expedcd by this lidc river, any more than by the main bninch: but, as the water at ebb, though much freflier, retained a con- fiderablc degree of faltnefs, it is probable that both thefe branches are navigable by Ihips much farther; and that a very cxtcnlive inland communication lies open, by means of this river and its fcveral branches. Wc had traced it to the latitude of 6t deg. 30 min. and the long, of 2 10 deg. which is upwards ot j i o miles from its en- trance, and fawnoappeaianccof itsfoiircc. The time wc ("pent in the dilcovery — (Here the Commodore having left a blank in his journal, which he had not tilled up with any particular name, the carl of Sandw ich very profierly directed it to be called Cook's river) The time we fpcnt in the difcovcry of Cook's river ought not to be regreted, if it Ihould hereafter prove ufcful to the prcfcnt, or any future age : but the delay thus occationcd was an eflcntial lofs to us, who had a greater object in view. The fcafon was tar advanced, and it was now evident, that the continent of North .America extended much farther to the well than wc had rcafon to expert from the moll approved charts. In the afternoon Lieutenant King was again fcnt, with orders from the captain to land on the S. E. lide of^the river, where he wa.s to difplay the 'lag; and, in his majelly's name, to take pcircflion of the country and Cook's river. He was ordered alfo to bi.ry a bottle in the earth, containing fome Englilh coinot 1 772, and a paper, whereon were written the name? of our liiips, and the date of our difcovcry. In the mean time the Ihips were got under w.iy ; but a calm enfucd, and the flood tide meeting us, we found it nccelTary to call anchor; the point where Mr. King landed bi;.iring S. didant two tire. Thi: wind continuing foutherl; , wc flill tided it down the river. On I'riday the 5th, in the morning, we arriveu at the place where we had loft our kedge anchor, which we aitcinpttd, though unfucccfsfully, to recover. Bc- Hire our departure from hence, we were again vilitcd by •fiime ot the natives in fix canoes from the eaftcrn Ihore. The points oftTieir fpears and knives are in;ule of iron; Jome of the former, indecil, are made of copper. Their fpears refemble our fpontoons; and their knives, for which they have ihcaths, arc of conliderahle length. Except thcle and a few glafs beads, every thing we faw am og them was of their own manutiu'ture. A very beneficial fur trade might certainly be carried on with the natives of this vail coall: but without a northern palFage, it is too remote for Great Britain to be bene- titted by fuch commerce. It Ihould however be noted, Jhat almoft the only valuable fkins, on this well fide of North Ameiica, arc thofc of the fca-otter; their other 2 fkins are of an inferior quality. As the fkins are iifcd by thefe people only for cioathing themfelves, they, pfr. haps; are not at the trouble of drefling more of them than they require for this' purpofc. "This is probablv the chief caufe of their killing the animals, for they re- ceive principally their fupply of food from the fea and livers: but if thefe were accullomed toaconllant trade with foreigners, fuch an intcrcourfe would increalb their wants, by acquainting them with new luxuries, to be enabled to purchafe which, they would become more alliduous in procuring fkins j and in this country, with- out doubt, a plentiful fupply might be obtained. This day, the ebb tide making in our favour, we weighed, and with a gentle breeze at S. W. plied down the river: the Hood obliged us to anchor again; but the next morning of Saturday the6th we got under fail with a frefli breeze, paffed the Barren Iflands about eight o'clock, A. M. and at noon Cape St. Hcrmogenes bore S. S. E. eight leagues dillant. We intended to go throjgh me jiaflage bet ween the illand of that namcand the main land, but the wind foon after failed us; on which account wc abandoned the defign of carrying the Ihip through that paflage: northward of it the land forms a bay, a low rocky illand lying olT the N. W. rv>i';t. Some other iflands, of a fimilar appearance, arc fcattered along the coall between here and Point Hanks. At eight in the evening, St. Hermogenes extended from S. half E. to S. S. E. and the rocks bore S. E. diflant thiee miles. About midnight we palled the rocks, and bore up to the fouthward ; and on thi; 7th at .loon St. Hermogenes bore N. dillant four leagues. The fouthcrnmofl point of the main land lay N, half W. five leagues dillant. The latitude of this promontory is 58 deg. 15 min. and its longitude 274 deg. 24 min. It was named after the day in our calendar, C-ipc Whitfunday; and a large bay to the well of it was called Whitfuntidc Bay. At midnight wc flood in for the land, and at feven in the morning of the eighth we were wiihin four miles of u, and lefs than two miles fr» n fome funken rotks, hen. ing W. S. W. Here wc ancnored in thirty-five farhonn water. To the well of the bay arc fome fmall illaniN, To the fouthward the fea coall is tow, with projecting rcKky points, having fmall inlets between them. Wc were now in the latitude of 57 deg. 52 min. 30 fee. The land here fonning a point, it was namcdfCapc Greville, in lat. 57 deg. 33 min. long. 207 dcg. 15 mm. dillant from St. Hermogenes 15 leagues. On the 9th, 10th and I tth, we continued plying up the coafl. On Friday the 12th, in the evening, the fog clear- ing up, we tlefcried land twelve leagues dillant, bearing Vv. and wc ftootl in for it early the next morning. At noon an elevated point, which we called Cape Barnabas, in lat. 57 deg. 13 min. bore N. N. E. diflant ten miles. The {)oint to the S. W. had an elevated fummit, which tenninated in two round hills, and was therefore called Two-headed Point. At fix in the evening, being about midway between C;ipe Barnabas and Two-headed Poin*. a point of land was obfcrved bearing S. 69 deg. VV. On the fourteenth, at noon, we obferved in lat. 56 dcg. 4; min. The land fecn the preceding evening, now ap- peared like two iflands. We were up with the foutii- ernmoll part of it the next morning, and perceived it to be an ifland, which wc named Trinity Ifland. It lies in lat. 56 dcg. 36 min. long. 205 deg. dillant from the continent three leagues, between which rocks and iflanils are interfptrfcd. In the evening, at eight, we were within a league of the fmall iflands. The wcflernniofl point of the continent, now in view, wc called Cape J'rinity, it being a low point facing Trin'ty Illand. Having rcafun at this time to expedt loggy weather, wc llrctched out to fea, and pafled two or three rocky iflots near the call end of Trinity Illand. This we weatherctl, and in tne afternoon fleered wefl-foutherly, with a g.ile at S. S. E. No land appearing on Monday the ttftccnth at noon, and the gale and tog increafmg, wc llcered W. N, W. under (uch fail ub wc could haul the wind with; fenfiblc of the danger of running before a rtroitg gale, in the vicinity of an unknown coafl and ift a thick tog. It wai however become neccllary to run fome riik, \nf COOK'S THIRD and LAST -VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 553 ■the (kins are nfcd lilclvcs, they, per, hg more of them, IThis is probably Imals, for ihcy re- Ifrom the feaand paconllanttradc puld incrcafc their « luxuries, to be ulil bccoinc more [lis country, with- ": obtained. > our favour, we '. VV. plied down r again J but the under fail with a «ut eight o'clotk, enes bore S, S. I-;. [o go throu^li uie nd the main land, khich account »c ftiip through that rmj a bay, a low •■.t. Some other -attcrcd along the At eight in the rom S. half E. to Unt thice miles. and bore up to > St. Hcrinogcnes uthcrnmoft point t leagues dillant. dcg. 1 5 mill, and « named alter the lay; and a larj^e funtidc Bay. At id at fcven in the 1 four miles of it, ikcn rmks, l)eai. lirty-fivc fatlmnH mc finall illamls, with projecting 'ccn them. W'c 52min. jo fee. *as namcdfCapc 207 dcg. 15 mm. es. On the 9th, p the coaft. ;, the fog clcar- i diftant, bearing t morning. At I Cape Barnabas, lilhnt ten miles. I fummit, which therefore called ing, being about o-headcd Point, : S. 69 dec. V\'. 1 in lat. 56 deg. vening, nowap. with the fouth- ind perceived it ' Idand. It lies lirtant from the ocks and iflanils eight, we were he wcflernmoft we called Cape Trinity Ifland. '^y weather, wc irce rocky iflon 1 wc wcathcrcil. riy, with a g.ile lay the fifteenth ing, wc llcered I haul the wind before a llroiig t and ift a thick r to ruh fonic rilk, when the wind was favourable to us; as wc were convinced that clear weather was generally accompanied with weftcrly winds. , On Tueiday, the 16th, at four o'clock, A. M. the fog being now difperfed, wc found ourfelves, in a man- ner, furrounded with land. The extreme of the main, at N. E. was a point of land wc had feen through the fog, and was therefore named Foggy Cape. It is fituated in latitude 56 deg. 31 mm. Alioiit nine o'clock, wc difcovered the land to be an ifland, nine miles in circumference, in lat. 56 deg- lomin. long. ao2 dcg. 45 min. wc named it Foggy Ifland ; and we fuppofed, Irom its lituation, that it is the ifland on which Becring had bellowed the fame appellation. Three or four idands bore N. by W". A point, with pinnacle rocks upon it, ho.e N. W. by W. called Pin- nacle Point; and a cluftcrof idn % S. S. E. about nine Ic.igucs from the coaft. On the 1 7th, at noon, the con- tinent extended from S. W. to N. by E ; the neareft part dirtant 7 leagues : at the fame dilfance froin the continent, a group of iflands was feen to the N. W. On the 1 8th wc had clear, pleafant weather, and it was a calm the grcatell |)art of the day. One of our people, on board a boat difpatched to the Dilcovcry, (liot a mod beautiful bird. It is fmaller than a duck, and the colour is bl.nck, except that the fore part of the head is white : behind each eye, an elegant ycllowi(h-w hitecreft arifes : the bill and feet are of a reddifli colour. The firrt of thcfc b.rds were feen to the fouthward of Cape St. Hermogcnes ; after which wc faw them daily, and frequently in large flocks. We were alfo vjlited by moil of the other fea-fowls, that are ufually met with in the northern oceans ; and feldom a day palTed with- out our feeing whales, feals, and other fi(h of great magnitude. In the afternoon v. c fleered wrefl, for the channel between the iflands and the continent. On Fri- day, the 19th, at day break, we were not far fro- it, and perceived fcveral other iflands, within thofc wc had alrctdy feen, of various dimenlions. Botwcen thefe .llands, and thofe wc had feen before, there appeared to be a clear channel, for whicn ■vc fleered ; and, at noon our latitude was 55 deg. 1 8 min. in the narrowcft part of the channel. Of this group of iflands, the largeft was now upon our left, and is called Kodiak, as we were afterwards informed. Other iflands appc.ired tn tiic fouthward, as far as an ifland could be feen. They begin in the longitude of 200 deg. 1 5 min. call, and extend about two degrees to the weltward. Moft of thefe iflands are tolerably high, but verry barren and nigged, exhibiting romantic appearances, and abound- ing with clili's and rocks. They have fcveral bays and coves about them ; and fome frcfli-watcr dreams de- fcend from their elevated parts, but the land is not adorned wieh a finglc tree or bulh. Plenty of fnow dill remained on many of them, as well as on thofe parts of the continent which appeared between the in- ncrmoft iflands. By ftjur o'clock, in the afternoon, wc lv>d palfed all the illands to the fouth of us ; and loon after we had got through the channel, the Difcovery, winch was two miles aflern, fired three guns, and brought to, making a fignal to fpeakwith us. A boat being fent off to iicr, returned immediately wth Cap- tain Clerke. He informed the commodore, that fome natives in three or four canoes, having foliowk.d his rtiip for fome time, at laftgot under the dern ; one of whom made many figns, having his cap oft", and bowing in the European manner. A rope was then handed down from the fliip, to which he fadencd a thin wooden box, and after he had made fome more gediculations, the canoes Jeft the Difcovery. Soon alter the box was opened, and found to contain a piece of paper, carefully folded up, whereon fome writing appeared, which was fuppofed to be in the Ruffian language. To this w riling was prefixed the date of 1778, and a reference was mjidc therein to the year 1776. Though unable to de- cypher the alphabet of the writer, wc were convinced by his numerals, that others had prcccdcil us in vifuing thefe dreary rc-gions. At lird Captain Clerke iiiiagined, that fome RulTians had l)cen fliipwreckcd here ; and that feeing our fliips, thcfc unfortunate pcrfons w ere induced No. 67. thus to inform us of their fituatibri. Deeply impreflcd with femitnents of humanity on this occanon.'he was in hopes thi: Rcfolution would hivt flopped till they had time to join us ; but ho fuch idea ever occurr^^d to Captnin Cook. If this had really been the cafe, he fuppofed, that the firfl dep fuch perfons would have taken, in order to fecure relief, would have liccn, to fend fome of their people oK' to the fliips in the canoes. He, therefore, rtither thought the paper was intended to communicate fome ini()rmation, flom a Rufliail trader, who had lately vifited thefe illands, to be deli- vered to any of his countrymen who fliould arrive; and that the natives, fuppodngus to be RufTians, had brought od" the note. In coniequencc of this opinion, the Captain ordered faU to be made, and "we fleered weft- ward. At midnight, we beheld a vaft flame afccnd i"rom a burning mountain, and obfcrved fevcral drc3 within land. On Saturday, the 20th, at two o'clock A. M. fome breakers were feen, didant two miles; othcri appeared a-head; on our larboard fide they were innumerable; and aifo between us and the land. We cleared rhem, though with difficulty, by holding* fouth courfe. Thcfc breakers were produced by rocks, many of which were above wr.ter : they arc very dangerous, and extend fevcn league; from land. Wc got on the outfide of them aboui noon, when wc obferved in latitude 54 deg. 44 min. longitude 198 deg. Theneared land was an ele- vated bluft" point, which wc called Rock Point. It bore N. didant 8 leagues; and a high round hill, called Halibut Head, bore S. W. didant 13 leagues. On lh« 2 id. Halibut Ifland extended from N.by E. toN. W. This ifland is fevcn leagues in circumference, and except the head, is very low and barren. We were kept at fuch a didancc from the continent, by the rocks and breakers, that we had but a very imperfcdl view of thr. coad between Halibut Ifland and Rock Point. Wc could, however, perceive the main land covered with fnow; particularly fome hills, whofe elevated tops towered aiiovc the clouds to a moft dupendous height. A volcano was feen on the mod fouth-v.cderly ol thcfc hills, which perpetually threw up imm-nfe columns of black fmoke: it is at no great diftance from the coad, and lies in the latitude of ^4 deg. 48 min. and in longi- tude 195 dcg. 45 min. Its figure is a complete cone, and the volcano is at the fummit of it: remarkable as it may appear, the wind, at the height to which the finokcof the volcano rofe, often moved in an oppofltc diredion to what it did atfca, even in a frefli gale. In the afternoon, having three hours calm, upwards of loohaljbuts were caught by our pciiplc, fomeof which weig'ncd upwards of a hundred pounds, and none of them lefs than twenty each. They were highly accept- able to us. We fifhed in 3 5 fathoms water, about four miles didant from the fliore; during which time, wc were viflted by a man in a fmall canoe, w ho came from a large illand. When he drew near to the fliip, he un- covered his head and bowed, as the other had done the preceding day, when he came ofl^ to the Difcovery. It appeared very plain to us, that the Ruffians had fome communication with thefe people, not only from their politencfs, but from an additional proof that we now were favoured with : for our new vifitor had on a pair of green cloth breeches, and a jacket of black cloth, un- der the frock of his own country. He had with him a grey fox ikin, and fome filhing implements: alfo a bladder, wherein was foine liquid, which we fuppofed to be oil: he opened it, drank a mouthful, and then dofed it up again. His canoe was fmaller than any one of thofe we had feen before, though of the fame con- It rucf ion: like others who had vilited the Difcovery, he ufed the double-biadcd paddle. His features rc- fcmbled thofeof the natives of Prince William's Sound, but he wasperfedtly free from any kind of paint; and his lip had been perforated in an oblique dirci^lion, but at this vifit he had not any kind of ornament in it. Many of the words frequently ufed by the natives of the Sound, were repeated to him, but he did not fccm to underftand any of them, owing cither to his igno- rance of the dialect, or our erroneous pronunciation. 7 A . On 554 Capt. C O O K 's VOYAGES COMPLETE. On Monday, the 22cl, the wind fliifted to the S. E. ami, as ufual, was attended with thick rainy weather. In the evening, fearing we might fall in with land, wc hauled to the fouthward, till two the next morning, and then bore away weft; yet we made but little way. At five o'clock P. M. we had an interval of fun- fliine, when we faw land bearing N. 59 d?g. W. On Wednefday, the 24th, at fix o'clock A. M. we faw the continent j and at nine it extended from N. by E. to S. W. by W. the ncareft part diftant four leagues. The next morning we had clear weather, infomuch, that we clearly faw the volcano, the other mountains, and all the main land under them. A large opening was like- wife fecn between feveral iflands and a point of the land. Wc now fleered to the fouthward ; when, hav- ing got without all the land in fight, wc fleered wcfl, the illands lying in that dircdlion. By eight o'clock we had pafled three of them, all of a good height; and more were now obfervcd to the wcflward. In the af- ternoon, the weather became gloomy, and afterwards turned to a mift, the wind blowing frelh at eafl', we therefore hauled the wind to the fouthward till day break, on Friday the 26th, when we rcfumcd our courfe to the well. We derived but little advantage from day- light, the weather being fo thick that we could not dif- cover obiecfts at the diflance of a hundred yards; but as the wind was moderate, we ventured to run. About half an hour after four, the found of breakers alarmed us on our larboard bow. Wc brought the Ihip to, and anchored in twenty-five fathoms water. The Difco- vcry who was not far diftant anchored alfo. Some hours after, the fog being a little difpcrfcd, we difcovercd the imminent danger wc had efcapcd. We were three quarters of a mile from the N. E. fide of an idand: two elevated rocks were about half a league from us, and from each other. Several breakers alfo appeared about them ; and yet Providence had fafcly conduiflcd the fliips through in the dark, between thofe rockt, which we fliould not have attempted to have done in a clenrday; and to fo commodious an anchoring-placc, which, on account of our miraculous efcapc, received the name of Providence Bay. During the night, the wind blew fredi at fouth, but in the morning was more modi-rite, and the fog, in a great mcafurc difpcrfed. At fcvcn o'clock, we weighed, and fleered between the ifland near which we had anchored, and a fmall one not far from it. The breadth of the channel docs not ex- ceed a mile, and the wind failed before we could pafs through it. We were therefore glad to anchor in 34 fathoms water. Land now prcfentcd itfcif in every di- rection. That to the fouth extended, in a ridge of mountains, to the 8. W. which wc afterwards found to be an illand, called Oonalaft^ka. Between this, and the land to the north, which wc fuppofed to be a group of iflands, there appeared to be a channel in a N. W. di- rection. On a point, well from the fliip, and at a dif- tanceof three quarters of a mile, we perceived feveral natives and their habitations. To this place we faw two whales towed in, which wc fuppofed hadjuft been killed. A few of the inhabitants came off, at different times, to the fliips, and engaged in a little trafiic with our people, but never continued with us above a quar- ter of ;m hour at a time. They feemcd, indeed, re- markably fliy; though we could readily difcover they were not unacquainted with velfcls, liiuilar, in fome de- gree to ours. Their addrcfs exprelfcd a degree of pc- lirenefs whi'rh «e had never experienced among any »f the lavage tribt-s. Being lavourcd, about one o'cloc'<, P. M. with a light brec/x-, and the r'.dc if flood, vc weighed, and direclcii our cour^j to the channel la I mentioned; expecting when wc had pafftd througli, either to find the laud trend away to the northward, or thai we fliould difcover a palfage out to fca, to the weft; and we foon found we were right in our conjcoluns. After wc had got under fail, the wind veered to the M. and wc were obliged to ply. In the evening, the ebb made it ncccilary tor us to anchor within three leagues of ourlaft flat ion. On Sumlay, the 28th, at day-break, we got .igaiii under Cifl, and were wafted up the palfaye by a light breeze I at fouth; this was fucceeded by variable light airs iioirt all diiedlions. Wc had, however, a rapid tide in oar favour, and the Refolution got through beforeihc ebb made. The Difcovery was not equally fortunate, for (he was carried back", got into the race, and found a difficulty in getting clear of it. Being now through the channel, we obferved the land on one fide, trending W. and S. W. and that on the other fide to N. This encouraged us to hope that the continent had taken a new diredion in our favour. Finding our water nn fliort, and expcdinp to be driven about in a rapid tide, without wind fufficient to govern the ftiip, we flood for a harbour on the fouth lidc of the palJage, but were driven beyond it; and, that we might not be forced back through the paffagc, anchored near the fouthcin ftiorc, in 28 fathoms, and out of the reach of the ftrong tide, though even here it ran five knots an hour, la this flation we were vifited by feveral of the natives, in feparate canoes. They bartered fome fifiiing iinple- ments for tob- .:co. A young man among them ovcifct his canoe, while he was along fide of one of our boats. He was caught hold of by one of our people, but the canoe was taken up by one of his countrymen, and car- ried afliore. In confequence of this accident, the youth was obliged to come into the fliip, where he accepted an invitation into the cabin, without any furprize or embarraffment. He had on an upper garment, refein- blingafliirt, inadcof thcgutof awha'e, or fome other large fea-animal. Under this he had another of the fame form, made of the Ikins of birds with the feathers on, curioully fijwed together; the feathered fide placed next the Ikin. It was patched with feveral pieces of filk ftulf, and his cap was cmlKll-flied w ith glafs beads. His cloaths being wet, we furniflicd him with fome of our own, which he put on with as much readincfs as we could have done. From the behaviour of thij youth, and that of feveral others, it evidently appeared that thefc people were no flrangers to Europeans, and to many of their culloms. Something in the appearamc of our fliips, however, greatly excited their curiolit\ 1 for, fuchas had not canoes to bring them off, alllinbkj on the neighbouring hills to have a view of them, .^t low water we towed the fiiip into the harlwur, where we anchored in nine fathoms water, the Difcovciy ar- riving foon after. A btiat was now fcnt oft" to draw the feine, but wc caught only a few trout, and fome other fmall filh. We had fcarce anchored, when a native of the ifiand brought another note on board, fimilar to that which had been given to Captain Gierke. He prefented it to our Commo a rapid tide, p. wcltoodfor ''%e, but were not be Jbrccd ar the fouthcrn ichoftheftroni' 'ts an hour. la "the natives, in fi/hing Unpk. ngthcmovcrfct [ne of our boats, people, but the rymen, and car- Ment, the youth ere he accepted any furprize or ;arment, refem. ". or fomc other another of the 'ith the feathers ■red fide placed vcral pieces of iih plafs beads. " with fomc of rcailincfs as we ot this youth, appeared that r>peans, and to the appearance their curio(itV| I' oiY, allirinblcj » of them. At iarlx)iir, where ? Didoveiy ar- off to draw the ind Ionic other lien a native of ard, finiiiartrt CIcrkc. He was written in ' of our com- of any ufc to hers, Captain anied with a thanks, as he 29th we faw f twth fcxes. It of raw fidi, '. We were d, till Thurf- calicd by the he north fide eg. js min, Jch Separates ibout a mile c four mile* the breadth cnty of good i of wood of d from the e breeze at hing to ob- c of Oona- land was ta I N. h. all le group of ifth of the etbre Sam- fide of the pafHige, >«i '^^ •'■^tri**' /S" .-<' Ji«4V■■ 1». , ■') y.s ■ ^■■■"^■:i\ .•■■:.r' . »' ' . .v.: iiy .i'.f.- ^ UV ' ■^ ■T>l. >r ■ ..^■•' ■■«■ . ' .;♦■ MM^ ^, * ' 'i 'i *r nv ,:i:^t' ■ ? ,'-**r ^^^;. '"•>■;■ •'<*,'.„ e«:'^r,t *!'■'*■■?» ',tw ly • » s.? COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To thu PACIFIC OCEAN, ficc. 3>3 ■ 'mi" '■<■■ pafTagc, throuj^h which we cdme, is called Oonella ; and its circumference is 2 1 niiics. Another ifland, lying to the northward of it, bears the name of Acootan : it is much fuperior in lize to Oonella, and has in it fome very lofty mountains, at this time covered with fnpw. It appeared that we might have parted with great fafcty between thefe two iflands arid the continent, whole fouth-wcftern poirit opened off the north-casern point of Acootan, and proved to be the fame point of land that we had difcerned when we left the coaft of the con- tinent, the 25tliof June, in order to go without the iflandi. It is called by the natives Ooncmack j and is fituatcd in hit. 54 deg. 30 min. long. 192 dcg. 30 min. E. Over the Cape, which is high land, wc perceived a round elevated mountain, at prefent covered with fnow. At iix o'clock A. M. this mountain bore E. 2 deg. N. and two hour's afterwards not any land was to be fcen. Concluding, therefore, that the coaft of the continent had now inclined to the north-caftward, w llcered the fame courfe till one o'clock the following morning, when the watch ftationcd on deck gave inti- mation of their feeing land. Upon this wc wore, and for the fpace of about two hours (tood towards the S. W. after which we renewed our courfe to the E. N. V.. At fix we difcovcred land a-head, bearing S. E. difhmt five leagues. As we advanced we difcovered a connciled chain of land. At noon we perceived that it extended from S. S. W. to E. the part nearell to us being at the dirtance of five le.igues. We now obferved in lat. 55 dcg. 21 min. long. 195 deg 1 8 min. E. .At fix o'clock A. M. wc founded, and found a bottom of black fand, at the depth of 48 fathoms. At this timi- we were tour 1cuork, and the rats and the wcavils devouring the heart of the bread, the one was little better than pu- trid flelli, and the other, upon breaking, would crumble into dull. Among the filh wc caught with hook and line, were a great nuir.ixr of excellent cod. At noon we had an ca''erly hrce'.c and clear weather, when wc were about fix leagues from the land, which extended from S. by W. to E. by. S. and the hummock, feen the preceding evening, bore S. VV. by .S. nine leagues dillant. Agreat nollow fwcU convinced us, that there was no main land welUvard near us. At fix o'clock, V. M. we fteered a northerly courfe, when the wind veering to the S. E. enabled us to (Uer E. N. E. The coaft lay in this diree'^ion, and the next day, at noon, was four leaj^ies diftant. On the fith and 7th we made but little way, the wind being northerl) , On Wcdnef- clay,the 8th, the co-aft extended from S. S. W. to E. by N, and was all low land, and it is not improbable that this extends to a confiderablediftancetovards the S. VV. and thatthofe places which we fomctiniis fuppofcd to be inlets or bays, are nothing more than valleys between the mountains. This day wc hooked plenty of fine cod. On Thurfday the 9th, in the morning, having a breeze at N. W. we ftccrcd E. bv N. in order to make a nearer approach to the coaft. At noon wc obferved in latitude 57 deg. 49 min. long. 20t dcg. 33 min. E. at the diftancc of two leagues from land, which was ob- ferved to extend from S. by E. to N. E. being all a low coaft, with points projedling in fcvcral places. In ad- vancing towards the N. E. we had fotmd that the depth of water gradually decrenfed, and the coaft trended more ai»d more northerly j but we obferved the ridge of mountains behind it continued td lie in the fame diredlion as thofc that were more wcfterly; fo that the extent of the low land between the coaft and the toot of the mountains infcnfibly incrcafed. Both the low and high grounds were totally dellitutL' of woodj but apparently covered v\itli a green turf, the mountains excepted, which were covered with fnow. As we pro- ceeded along the coaft, with a light weftcrly breeze; the water Ihoa'ed gradually from fifteen to ten fathoms; though We were eight or ten miles diftant from the ftioie. About eight o'clock in the evening a lofty mountain, which had been fonic time within fight, bore S. E. by E. diftant twenty-one leagues. Several other mountains, forming the fame chain, and mUch further diftant, bore E. 3 dcg. N. The coaft was feed to extend as far as N. E. half N. where it jeemcd td terminate in a point, beyond which it was both Our hope and expedation that it would afllime a more cafterly diredion. But not long aftefwards we perceived low land, that extended from behiild this point, as far as N. W. by VV. whei-c it was lo'ft iri the horizon; and behind it we difcerned high land; appearing in hills detached fiom each other. Thus the fine profpcdt wc had of getting to the northward, vanifticd in an inflanr. We flood on till nine o'clock, and then the point be- fore-mentioned was one league diftant, bearing N. E. half E. Behind the point is a river, which, at its en- trance, feenied to be A mile in breadth. The water appeared fomewhat difcolourcd, as upon (hOals- but a calm would have given it a fimilar afpecL It fcemed to rake a winding dirciftion, through the cxtenfivc Hit wliich lies berwc'.n the chain of tiiountains towards the S. E. and the hills to the north-weftward; 1: abound-;, we apprehend, \i ith falmon, as manv of thofc fi(h v.erfJ fcen leaping iKfurc the entrance. The mouth of thi? river, which wc diftinguiflicd by the name of Brillol River, lies in lat. 58 deg. 27 min. and in loicach : of the latter animals we had feen a confiderable number from the fliips. Cape Newcnham is the north- crn boundary of the cxtenfivc gulph or bay fituatcd be- fore the river Briftol, which, in honour of the Admi- ral, Kai! ol Briftol, received Irom the Commodore the (liftinction of Briftol Bay. Cape Oonceniak forms the Jiniihern limit of this bay, and is eighty-two leagues diftant, in the diredion of S. S. W. from CapeNcwen- hain. At eight o'clock in the evening wc fleered to the N. W. and N. N. XV'. round the cape, which at noon the next day was four leagues 'iftant, hearing S. by I. '1 he molt advanced land tow irds the north, bore N. ■jO deg. E. and the nearcft pa t of the coaft was three leagues and a half diftant. 1 iring the afternoon there was but little w ind, fo that 1 / ten o'clock in the even- hig wc had only proceeded ircc leagues on a northerly couilc. Saturday the 1 8th, at -ight o'clock A. M. wc were ilecring N.by W. when the depth of water fiiddcnly iccrcafcd to fcvcn and five fatho.ms ; on which account i wc brought to, till a boat from each of the fliips was fent a-head to found, and then wc fleered to the N. K. At noon, when the water deepened to fevcnteen fathoini Cape Newcnham was twelve leagues diftant, bcariiij; S. 9 dcg. E. the norih-caftern extremity of the land in light bore N. 66 deg. E. and the diftance of the ncareft ftiorc was four leagues. Our latitude was 59 deg. tg min. N. Before one o'clock the boats a-head difphwcd the fignal for ftioal-watcri They had only two fathoms- but at the fame time the ftiips were in fix. By hauling .more to the north, wc continued nearly in the fame depth till between five and (ix o'clock, when our boats finding Icfs and left water, Captain Cook made the fig. nal to the Difcovcry, which was then a-head, to caft anchor, and both fliips foon came to. In bringing up the Rclblution, her cable parted at the clinch, fo that wc were obliged to make ufe of the other anchor. We rode in 6 fathoms water, over a bottom of fand, at the diftance of about five leagues from the continent. Cape Newcnham now bore S. diftant 16 leagues. The far- theft hills we could perceive towards the north, bore N. E. by E. and low land ftrctched out from the more elevated parts as far as N. by E. Without this there was a flioalof ftoncs and fand, dry at half ebb. I'he two mafters having been fent, each in a boat, to found between this ftioal and the coaft, reported, on their re- turn, that there was a channel, in which the foundings were 6 and 7 fathoms, but that it was rather narrow and intricate. At low water, we attempted to get a hawfer round the loft anchor, but did not then fucceed: however being rcfolvcd not to leave it behind us, while there remained the profpcct of recovering it, wc jier- ftvered in our endeavours; and at length, in the even- ing of the 20th, we had the defired fuccefs. While thus employed, the Commodnre ordered Captain CIcrke to fend his niafter ni a boat to fearch for a paf- fage in a S. W. diredion. He accordingly did fo, but could find notlianinl in that i]uuiterj nor did it ap- pear, that liuie was any other way to get clear of tm* ftioals, than by returning by the fame track in which we had entered : for though, by following the channel wc were now in, we might, perhaps, have got farther down the coaft; and though this channel might have probably carried us at laft to the northward, clear of the ihoals, yet the attempt would have been attended wiih extreme hazard; and, in cafe of ill-fuccefs, there would have been a great lofs of time, that we could not con- veniently fpare. Thefe reafons induced the Commo- dore to return by the way which had brought us in, and thus avoid the flioals. The latitude of our prefent fta- tion, by lunar obfcrvations, was 59 dcg. 37 min. \q fee. N. and our longitude 197 deg. 45 min. 48 fee. E. The moft northern part of the coaft that we could dif- cern from this ftation, was fuppofed to be fituate in lat. 60 deg. It formed, to appearance, a low point, to which was given the name of Shoal Nefs. The tide of flood fets to the northward, and the ebb to the fouth- ward: it rifes .ind falls five or fix feet upon a perpendi- cular, and we reckon that it is high water at eight o'clock on the full and change days. On Tuefday the 21ft, at three o'clock A. M. having a gentle breeze at N. N. W. wc fct fail, with three boats a-head employed in founding. Nocwithllanding this precaution, wc met with greater difficulty in re- turning than we had in advancing; and were at length under the ncccflity of anchoring, to avoid the danger of running upon a flioal that had only a depth of five feet. While wc lay at anchor, twenty-feven Ameri- cans, each in a fcparate canoe, came oft" to the fliips, whifh they approached with I'omc degree of caution. \s they advanced they hallooed, anu extended their arms; thereby intimating, as wc underftood, their jicaccable intentions, and how cordially they were ready to receive us. Some of them at laft came near enough to receive a few trifling articles, which wc threw to I hem. This gave encouragement to the others to ven- ture alongfidc; and a traflic quickly commenced be- tween them and our people, who obtained wooden vcfl'cls, bows, darts, arrows, drcU'es of fkin?, Arc. in exchange fful attempts to get through the ice — Remarks — Arri- val on the C< ■>/} of /Ijia — Cape North — Profeeiition of the I'oyage deferred to the follozving year — Rcturnfrom Cape North along the Coaji of Ajia — liiiniey's Ijhind — Several Capes and Bays defcrihed — Steer for the Coaji of America— An account of more Capes and bead.land — B-jborough Ijland — Captain Cook's intervini'ivith a particular family — Mr. King vijitt the fame.— He is fent to examine the coajl; bis report • and a defription of the country, \3c. — Norton's Sound — Steward's Iflaiid difcovered and defcribed — Cape Stevens— Point Shal/ozv-water — Shoals — Clerke's Ijland — Gore's — Pinnacle — The Refolution fprings a leak — "The tzvo Jbtps arrive at Oonalajka — Intervietv 7vilh the natives .:::d R'lfian traders- Mr. Ifmyloff comes on hm d — Account of the //lands vijited l>y the RiiJfums-~Of their fet tlement at Qonalafka — A partxcu' lar Defiription of the natives, their mnmififJitres, reptf tones uflheirdead, i^e, — Anaecount ofthefijh, and other fea ani- mals — Heater Fowls — Land Birds — l^iadnipeds — Vegetables — St0Hes,i^c. — Refemldance of the iiihalntanls of ibis fide of America, to the Efqiiimaux andGreenlanders — Olfervattons. SOON after Mr. Andcrfon had refigned his breath, wc difcovercd land to the weftward, diftant 12 leagues. We fuppofed it tobeaniftand; and the Commodore, to perpetuate the memory of the dc- No. 68. ceafcd, for whom he had a very great regard, diftin- guiftied it by the name of Anderfon's Iftand. On Tucfday, the 4th, at three in the afternoon, we faw land extending from N. N. E, to N. W. Wc ftecred to- 7 B wards 558 Cipt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. wards it till four, when, being four or live miles diftant from it, we tacked j and, not lonj; afterwards, tiie wind failing, we let go our anchors in 13 fathoms, over a Tandy bottom, at the diftancc of about two leagues from land. Our lat. was now 64dcg. ay min. N. and long. »94deg. 18 min. E. We could at intervals, difccrn the coall extending from E. to N. W. and an illand of coniiderablc elevation, bearin , W. by N. nine miles diftant. The land before us, which we imagined to be the continent of America, appeared rather low next the fea; but inland it rofc in hills, which fcemed to be of a tolerable height. It had a greenifh hue, and was ap- parently deftitutcof wood, and free from fnow. While our fliips remained at anchor, we obfcrvcd that the tide of flood came from the caftward, and fct to the wert- ward, till between the hours of ten aiid eleven-, from which time, till two o'clock the next morning, the ftrcam fet to the E. and the water fell thicc feet. The flood running both longer and ftronger than the ebb, we concluded that there was a wclltrly current bclides the tide. Wedncfday the 5th, at ten o'clcxk in the morning, we ran down, and foon after anchored be- tween the illand and the continent in feven fathoms. Not long alter wc had cart anchor, Captain Cook, ac- companied by Mr. King and lomc other ofticcrs, landed upon the ifland. He hoped to have had from it a prolped of the coall and fea towards the well; but in that direction the fog was fo thick, that the view was not more cxtcnlive than it was from our fliips. The coaft of the continent feemcd to incline to the north, at a low point, named by us Point Rod- ney, which bore from the illand N. W. half W. at the diftancc of ihicc or four leagues; but the high land, whicit airiuned a more northerly direction, was [icr- ceived at a much greater diftance. 'I'he lat. of this idand is 64 dcg. 30 min. N. and its long, is iqj dcg. 57min. E. It is about 12 miles in circumference. The lurfacc of the ground principally cotilllh of large loofe Hones, covered in many |)l.iccs with inofs and other vegetables; ol which la or 30 different fpccicswcre ob- fervcd, and mod of them were in flower. But the Captain faw not a tree or fliruh either on the illand or upon the nei^^hbouring tontinent. Near the beach where he landed, was a conliderabic quantity of wild purflain, long-wort, peafe, itc. fome of which he took on board for boilittg. He faw fevcral plovers, and other fmall birds; a fox was alio feen. He met with ■fome decayed huts, built partly under-ground. Peo- ple had lately been upon the illand; and it is more than pri)l>ablL- that they often repair to it, there being a beaten path from one end to the other. At a fmall diftancc from that part of the fhoie where our gentle- ;men landed, they found a fledge, which induced Cap- tain Cook to give the ifland the appellation of Sledge in.ind. It appeared to be fuch a one as is ufed by the RulTians m Kamtllhatka, for the purpofc of con- veying goods fronj one place to another over the fnow or ice. It Was about 20 inches, in breadth, and ro feet in length, had a fort of rail-work on each fide, and was fliod with bone. Its conftrudion was admirable, and its various parts were put together with great neat- ntfs; fome witli wooden pins, but for the molt part with thongs or lalliings of whale bone ; in confetjuencc of which, the Captain imagined that it was entirely the workmanlhip of the natives. Wc weighed anchor at three o'clock A. M. of the 6th. and matfe fail to the N. W. with a light brcezf: from the fouthward. Hav- ing afterwards but little wind, and that variable, wc made but a flow progrefs ; and, at eight o'cl(Kk in the evening, finding the ihip getting into Iboal-water, wc anciiored in feven fathoms, our diftancc from the coaft being about two leagues. .Sledge illand tben bore S. 5 1 deg. ]i. nine or ten leagues tfiftant. Soon after wc had let go our anchors, the weather, which had been mffly, cleared up, and wc perceived high land ex- tending from N. 40 dcg. E. Co N. 30 deg. W. fcem- • ingly disjoined from the coaft near which we lay it anchor, which appeared to extend to the north-caft- waiil. We at the fame time faw an ifland bearing N. li 1 dVg. W. at the diftancc of eight or nine leagues. It feomed to be of fmall extent, and was najned Kinj^'j Illand. We rode at anchor till eight the next morn- ing, when wc weighed, and ftecred a N. W. courCe. The weather being clear towards the evening, we ob- tained a fight of the north-wertern land, diftant about three leagues. Wc pafl'cd the night in making fliort hoards, the weather being rainy and mifty, and th? wind inconfiderable. Between four and live in the morning of the 8th, we again had a light of the N.W, land; and not long afterwards having a calm, and be- ing driven by a current towards the Ihorc, we thouglit projjcr to anchor in 12 fathoms water, at the diftancc of about two mile.* from the coaft. Over the wef- tcrn extremity is a lofty peaked hill, lituate in the long. of 192 deg. 18 min. E. and in the lat. of 65 deg. 36 min.N. A north-eafteily bree/.e fpringing up at eight o'clock, we weighed, and made fail to the foiith-eafl- ward, hoping to find a palTage between this N. W. land and the coaft, near which we had caft anchor in the evening of the 6th. But we quickly got into fi:\cn fathoms water, and perceived low land connedting ihe two coafts, and the elevated land behind it. IVr- fuaded that the whole was a continued coaft, wc now. tacked and ftecred lor its north-wcftcin parr, neir which wc anchored in 17 fathtnns. The: weather at prcfent was very thick and rainy; but at four the next morning it cleared up, and enabled us to difcern the neighbouring land. A lofry ftcep rock or ifland boie W. by S. another iftand to the northwaid of it, and confiderably larger, bore W. by N. the (*raked hill before mentioned, S. E. by E. and the point that wai under it, S. 32 deg. E. Under this hill is fome low land, extending towards the N. W. the extreme p)int of which was now about one league diflant, bearing N. E. by E. Over it, and alio beyond i:, we ohfcrve,! fome high land, which we imagined was a continiia- tion of the continent. This point of land, which the Commodore diflinguifhcd by the name of Cape Prince of Wales, is the weftern extreme of all America hi- therto known. It ftands in the long, of 191 deg. 4^ min. E. and in the lat. of 65 deg. 46 min. N. We fancied that wc faw fome pfOjJe on the coaft; and por- hafw we were not miftakcn in our fuppofition, ,-is fome clcvaiions like fiages, and others refembling huts, were obferved at the iiimc place. I'his morning, at eight o'clock, a faint northerly breeze arifing, wc wcighetl anchor; but our fails wercfcarcely let, when it began to bk)w and rain with great violence, there being at the fame time mifty weatlier. The wind and current were in contrary directions, railing fuch a fla, that it often broke into the fliip. Having plied to windward with little effect till two o'clock in the af- ternoon, we ftood for the ifland which wc had per- ceived to the wertward, intending to caft anchor under it till the gale flioukl abate. Btit upon our nearer approach to this ifland, we found that it was com- pofcd of two fmall illandi, neither of which exceeded three or four leagues in circumference. As thefc could afford us little fhcltcr, we did not come to an anchor, but continued to ftrctch towards the W. and about eight o'clock in the evening, wc faw land extending from N. N. W. to W. by S. the diftancc ot the ncarcft part being fix leagues. Wc ftood on till ten o'clock, and then made a board towards the E. in ordec to pafs the night. On Monday the loth, at break of day, wc refunicd our wcftward courfc for the land fccn by us the jkc- ceding evening. At eleven minutes after fe\Tn o'clock, it extended from S. 72 dcg. W. to N. 41 dcg. l". Betwixt ihc fo«th-weftcrn extremity, and a point bear- ing W. fix miles diftant, the coaft forms a fj>acioiis bay, in which we dropped our anchors at ten in the forenoon, about two miles from the noiThern fhore, over a gravelly bottom, at the depth of ten fathoms. The northern point of thia bay bore N. 43 dcg. E. its fouthcm point S. 58 dcg. W. the bottom of the bay, N. 6odeg.W. between two and threc'leagucs diftant; anil the two illands that we had pafled the preceding day, were at the diftiancc of 14 leagues, bearing N. 72 dc^'. |-£, When fleering for this wy wc obferved, on the I north was iiKJiieii Kini^'i !u the lU'Xt luorii- 1 a N. W. rnurCe. h ,. ^^ iu ■ u* evening?, wc ob, H 'jfi/'-^ ami, (Jilhiit aliout H '''■'■•' jif It in making lliort H , ("t ml milty, and th? ir and five in tlic light of the N.W, ng a calm, and bc- " Ihorc, we thouj^lit tcr, at the dillanrc [. Over the wtf- iitiiate in tin- lonfj. lat. of 65 deg. j6 ringing up at eight I to the roiith-call- ^m ^,, > ;t\vecn this N. W. had cart anchor in itkly got into fcvm >nd conncdting ihe ^m -fV.f* d behind it. IVr- nued coal}, wc now, -wcftcrn parr, ne.ir B . ',>V . The. weather nt ^B ' ^<^'-i'.'> *"* Hit at four the next ■d u« to diRern the rock or illand bore orthward of it, and SI. the leaked hill 1 the point that wa< lis hill is fonie low . the extreme (wint :^ne dilhint, beanni^ •ond i:, we ohfcrvcd led was a continiia- of land, which the lanie of Cape Prince of all .\iiicrica hi- )ng. of 191 deg. 4^ . 4*) min. N. We I the coall; and por- our fuppolition, as lers rfftiiibling Iniis, I'his morning, at breeze arilin^% wc c fcarccly let, when !;re«t violence, there lier. The wind and I, railing fuch a fia. Having plicil to o o'clock in the at- which we hail pcr- to call anchor under it upon our nearer d that it was com- rol which exceeded Terence. As thefe e did not come to ch towards the W. cning, wc faw land >y S. the diftance of Wc ftood on till rd towards the K. in of day, wc refunud fccn by us the pre- :$ after fe\-en o'cUx k, , to N. 41 deg. I'. y, »nd a point bcar- ilt forms a fj>icioiis nchors at ten in the the tvoiThern ihorc, pth of ten fathoms. re N. 43 dcg. K. its bottom of the bay, cleagucs diftanti and I ' the preceding day, bearing N. 72 dc^'. 'c obfervcd, on the north COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGK— To the PACIFIC OCKAN, ice. 55'; iidiih (liorf, ;i villai;i', and foiiu' p(r)[ili', uhoCccnicti tn h.ivc been thrown into tonfulion, or (car, at the lif^htol'oiir vcd'cls. V\'c could plainly [icrccivc pcrfons iiinnln^; up the country with burdiMis upon their fliould- fi's. At thia viil.ifre C.ipuun Cook [)mnofed to land i und acc:on!in<.'Iy vent wiiii three armed lioats, accom- panied hy forne ot [he oliiicrs. I'hirty or forty men, rath of whom was armeil with a fjiontoon, a bow, and arrows, t^ood drawn up on an eminence near the houfes; tiiree of them came down to^vards the Ihore, on the »ppro.irh of our (';entKnR-n, and were fo polite as to pull off their caps, and make them low bows. Thou(.;h till i civility WHS returned, it did not tnfpire thrm with fiilliiient confidence to wait for the landinjj; of our party i tor, theinflant they put tlie boats alhore, the natives rc' tired. Captain Cook followed them alone, without any thing in his hand; and, by figns and gcfturcs, pre- vailed on them to (loji, and acrept fonie tritlinf; pre- fcnt.s; in return for thcfe, thfv (jave him two fox-llcars, were of irtm or ftecl, and of Kuropean or Aliatic workmnnllvip; and conliderabic pains had been taken to embellilb them withcar>ing. and inlayings of brafs, and of n white metal. Thofe who (tood with lx)ws and arrows in their hands, had the fpear Hung hy a leathern llrap over their right (liouldcr. A leathern quiver, flung over their left Ihouldcr ferved to contain arrows ; and feme of thcfe quivers were exceedingly beautiful, being made of red leather, on which w;' ' very neat embroidery, and other ornaments. Several other things, and particularly their cloathing, indicatefl a degree of ingenuity far fur- pafling what any one would expciil to find among fo northern a people. The Americans we h.id fern fmceoiirarrivnl on that coaft, had round chubby faces, and high cheek-lxmea, and were rather low of nature. The jxople among whom we now were, far from refenibling them, had long vifagcs, and were flout and well made: upon the whole, they appeared to be a very tiirt'erent nation. No women, nor chiklren of either fex, were obfcrvcd, noranyagid perfons, excq>t oiw man, whofobead was baltl; and he was the only one who bore no arms: the others fceincd to be feleft H>en, and rather uixkr than above the middle age. The eUkrly man had n black mark acrofs his fi?c, which was iwt perceived in any of the others , r.il of tlum had their ears perforated, and fonic had g ifs beud-* hanging to thain. Thefe were the only (ixed oiiLimeiiir. leciiabout rardc;l, and un- der it was a fort of cellar, in which the Captain law nothing but water; at the end of each hoi:fe was* vaulted room, \Thich he ftippofed was a ftorc-room. 'I'hefc Horc-rooms communicated, by a dark j^illagc, with tlie houfc; and w ith the open air, by a hole in the roof, which was even with the ground one walked upon; but they cannot he (aid to he cntiicly below ground; liar one end extended to the edge of the hiil, along which they were made, and which was built up with Hone. Over it (lood a kind of fentry box, of tower, tbrmed of the large bones of great lilli. Their fummerhuts were of a tolerable liie, and circular, be- ingbroiight to a point at the top. .Slight poles and bones, covered with the Ikiiuof lija aniiTials,c:)nipofed the framing. Captiin Cook examined the iniideot one: there wa« a fire place |u(l within the door, w iicre a few wooden vellels were de|)ofited, all very dirty. Their bed-places were clofc to the lidc, and occ\ipicd alwut one-half of the circuit: foine degree of privacy feemc^ to be obltrved t for there were fevcial partitioni!, made with IkiiH. The bed and bedding conlillcd of dccr- Ikins, and moft of thcio were clean and dry. About the houfes were erected feveral flagcs, ten or twelve feet in Iwight, fuch as we had fccnon (bme parts of the American coaft. I'hey were coinpofed entirely of bonos, and were apparently intended for drying their fill) and Ikias, which were thus pUced out .of the reach of their dogs, of which they Ivui great numbers. 'I'hefc dogs are of the fox kind, rather large, and of different colours, with long foft hair, that refemblcs wool. They arc, in all nroDability, ufed lor the pur- pofe of drawing their Hedges in winter; for it appears that they have fledges, as theCaprainfaw many of them laid up in one of their wiiitir hiUs. \t is, likcwifs, not improbable, that dogs conftitut* a part of their food, for Icveial lay dead, which had been killed thac morning. Tlu; canoes of thcfe people are of the fame kind with thofe of the northern Americans, Ibme, both of tlK' large and fmall fort, licing feen lying in a creek, near the village. Trom the large bones of filli, an^ other fca-animals, it appeared^ that the lea furiiilhcd them with the greater part ut tieir fubfiftence. The country fecracd extremely b/ vcn, as our gentlemen faw not a tree or (lirub. At fonu diliance towards the weft, they obfervcd a ridge of mountains covered with fnow, that had fallen iwt lung before. Some 560 Capl. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. Ftoincof us at f\t(\, fupiytfcd tliis land tn be a part nf the illand of Alal'chka, laid down in Mr. Stxhlin't tnap before mentioned 1 but from the appearance of the toall, the (Ituation of the oppolite (here of America, •nd from the lunmtiide, wc foon conjcdured that it Was, more proI)abiy, the country of the TfchutfVi, or tKe ca(tcm extremity of Alia, explored by Bcering in the year 1728. In admittinfj this, however, without farther examination, wc murf have pronounced Mr. Stifhlin'.i map, and his account of the new northern Archipelago, to be cither remarkably erroneous, even in latitude, or elfc to be a mere fiction 1 a judgment which wc would not prefiimc to pafs, upon a punlica- lion fo refpeiSably vouched, without producing the moft dccilivc proofs. Our party having remained with thcfe people between two and three huui^i, they returned on board; and, foon after, the wind becoming foutherly, wc weighed anchor, ftomi out of the bay, and fleered to the N. 1*1. bctuTcn the coafl and the two illands. At noon, the next d.iy, Auguft 11, the former extended fromS. 80 dig. VV. to N. 84deg. \V. the latter bore S. 40 dcg. W. and the peaked hill, over C'.apc Prince of \\'«les, bore S. ;j6 dcg. K. The latitude of the fliip was 66 dcg. 5 min. N. the longitude 191 dcg. 19 min. K. our foundings were a 8 fathomsi and our pofition nearly in the middle of the channel, between the two coiifls,each being at the diflance of about feven leagues. IVom this flation wc fleered to the caflward, in order to make a nearer approach to the American coaft. In this courfc the water gradually flioated; and there being very litttlewind, and all our endeavours to encreale our depth failing, we were obliged at lafl 10 cafl anchor infix tathoms; which was the only remedy remaining, to prevent the fliips drving into more (hallow water. The nciirert part of the weflern land bore W. 1 2 leagues dirtant; the peaked mountain over Cape Prince of Wales, bore S. 16 deg. W. and the moft northern part of the American contment in fight, E. S. E. the diflance of the nearcfl part being about four leagues. After we had anchored, a boat was difpatchcd to found, and the water was found to ftioal gradually towards the land. While our fliips lay at anchor, which was from fix to nine in the evening, we perceived little or no current, nor did we obferve that the water rofe or fell. A nor- therly breeze fpringing up, we weighed, and made fail to the welhvard, which courfe loon brought us into deep water; and, during the I7th, we plied to the northward in light of bothcoafls, but we kept neareft to that o( America. On the 13th, at four in the after- no<5n,a breeze arifingat S. we fleered N. E. by N. till four o'clock the next morning, when, feeing no land, wc dircded our courfc E. by N. and between the hours of nine and ten, land appeared, which we fuppofed was a fontinuationof thrcontinent. It extcndnl from E. by S. to K. by N. and, not long afterwards, wc defcried mure l.ind, bearing N. by E. Coming rather fuddenly into I i fill horns water, at two in the afternoon, we made a nip oft' till four, when we again ftood in for the land; which, f in after, we faw, extending from N. to S. K. the neareft part being at the diftance of three or tinir leagues. The coaft here forms a point, named by us Point Mulgrave, .which is fituatcd in the latitude of 67 deg. 45 min. N. and in the longitude of 194 deg. < I min. E. The land fcemed to be very low near the fen, but a little farther it rifes into hills of a moderate height } the whole was free from fnow, and apparently dclHtute of wood. Wc now tacked, and bore away N. W. by W. but, in a fliort time afterwards, thick weather, with rain, coming on, and the wind increaf- ing, we hauled more to the welVward, Saturday the I cth, at two o'clock A, M. the wind veered to -S. W. by S. and blew a ftrong gale, which abated towards noon. We now ftood to the N. E. till fix the next morning, when wc fleered rather more eaftcrly : in this run, \ vc met with feveral fca-horfes, and great numbers of bi'ds; fomc of which refemblcd fand-larks, and others vterc not larger than hedge- fparrows. We alfo faw fomc ftiags, fo that we iudged wc were not far from land ; but, having a thick fog, we could not expcA to fee any -, and as the wind blew, (uvng, 4 ' " it was not deemed prudent to continue a courfc whuh was moft likely to bring us to it. From the noon ol this day, to (ix o'clock in the morning of the follim. ing, we fleered E. by N. a courfe which brought 111 into fifteen fathoms water. We now (leered N. \i. bv E. thinking, by fuchacourfe, tointreafeuur depth ot water. But in the fpace of fix leagurs, it ftioalci to 1 1 fathoms, which induced us to haul clofc to the wind, that now blew at W. About twelve oclo. k, both fun and moon were clearly feen at intervals, and we made fomc hafly obfervations for the longitude; which, reduced to noon, when the latitude was 70 dig. 33 min. N. gave 197 deg. 41 min. E. The tiim'. keeper, for the fame time, gave 198 deg. In the fore- noon, wc perceived a brigntnefs in the northern hori- zon, like that refledted from ice, afually called the blink. Little notice was taken of it, from a fiippijfu tion that it was improbable we (hould fo foon meet with ice. The fliarpnels of the air, however, and gloomi- nefs of the weather, for the two or three preniiing days, fcemed to indicate fomc fudden change. Alwut an hour afterwards, the fight of an enormous mni'i of ice, left us no longer in any doubt refpixiing the raufc of the brightne(s of rhe horizon. Iktween two .itul three o'clock, we tacked clofc to the edge of the ico, in 22 fathoms water, being then in the latitude of 70 deg. 41 min. north, and unable to fland on any ilirthir, for the ice was pcrfeiflly impenetrable, and extiiuliil from VV. by S. to E. by N. as faras the eye could riacli. Here wc met with great numbers of li-a-horfes, Ibiiic of which were in the water, but far mor • ipon the ice. The Commodore had thoughts of hoillinj; out the boats to kill Ibme of thcfe animals; but, the wind frediening, he gave up the defign; and wc contiiuicd to ply towards the foutn, or rather towards the well, liir the wind came from that quarter. We made no pro. grefs; for. at twelve on the 18th, our I titude w;is 70 deg. 44 min. north, and wc were almoft five Icigues far. ther to the eaft. Wc were, at prefent, clofc to thi edge of the ice. which was as compd ai a wall, and appeared to be at Icftft ten or twelve fcet in height: but, (artticr northward, it fcemed to be much higner. It' TiirLice was exceedingly rugged, and, in feveral p'. H' •i ^.^ mMk^ 11 '"'k •( : W '^I'i ■ • yiiiiWinn COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEANj &c. 561 cies, the one much larger than tbe othcn The larger fort was of a brown colour ; and of the final! fort, either the duck or drake was black and white, and the other brown. Some of our people faid that they alfo faw geefe. This feems to indici'ie, that there murt be land to the northward, where thcfe birds, in the jjroper fea- fon, find flicker for breeding, and whence they were now on their return to a warmer climate. After we had got our fea-horfes on board, we were, in a manner, furrounded with the ice ; and had no means of clearing ir, but by fleering to the fmithward, which we did till three o'clock the next morning, with alight weftcrly breeze, and, in general, thick, fog^^y weather. Our foundings were from i 2 to 1 5 fithoms. VVc then tacked and ilo )d to the northward till ten o'clock, when the wind fliifting to the N. we llond to tlic W.S.W.andW. Attwo in the afternoon, we fell in with the main ice, and kept along the edge of it, being partly directed by the roaring of the Ica-horfes, for wc had an exceeding thick fog. Thui we coniiniicd failing till near midnight, when we got in among the loofe pieces of ice. The wind being eallcrly, and the fog very thick, wc now hauled to the.fouthward; and, at ten the next morning, the weather clearing uji, we faw the American continent, extending from S. by E. to K. by S. and, at noon, from S. W. h.\lf S. to E. the dif- tance of the nearoll part being five ica;;u<'s. We were at prefent in thi- latitude of 69 dcg. 3: min. N. and in the longitude of 195 dcg. 4S mi.i. K. and, as the main ice was not far from us, it is evident, that it now co- vered a part of the fe.ij which, a lew days before, had been free from it; and that it extended firiher towards the S. than where wefirll fell in with it. During the afternoon we had but little wind; and the maftcr was lent in a boit toobferve whether there was any current, but he found none. We continued to (leer for the American land till eigiit o'clock, in order to obtain a nearer view of it, and to fearch for a harbour; but fee- ing nothing that had the appearance of one, wc again Hood to the N. with a gentle wcftcrly breeze. At this time, the coaft extended from S. W. to E. the ncareft part beingat the ditlance of four or five leagues. The fouthern extreme fcemed to form a point, to which the name of Cape Lifburne was given, It is (ituate in the latitude of 69 dcg. 5 min. N. and in the longitude of i94deg. 42 min. E. and appeared to be tolerably high land, even down to the fea ; but there may be low land under it, which we might not then fee, being not lefsthan ten leagues dillant from it. In almoft every other part, as we advanced to the north, we had found a low coaft, from which the land rifes to a moderate height. The coaft now before us was free from fnow, except in one or two places, and had a grcenilh hue. But wc could notdifcern any wood upon it. Saturday the 22d, the wind was foutherlv, and the weather for the moft part foggy, witi. fome intervals of funflnnc. At eight in the evening, we had a calm, which continued till midnight, when we heard the furge of the fea dalhingagainrt the ice, and had many loofe pieces about us. A light piece now arofe at N. E. and the fog being very thick, we iUered to the S. to get clear of the ice. At eight the next morning, the fog difperfcd, and wc hauled towards the W. for the Com- modore linding wc could not get to the N. near the coaft, by reafon of the ice, rcfolved to try what could be done at a diftance from it; and as the wind fcemed to be lixed at N. he confid^-red it as a favourable oppor- tunity. In our progrefsto the wellward, the water gra- ilually deepened to 28 fathoms. With the northerly wind the air was fliarp andco'd; and we had fogs, fun- Ihine, ftiowers of fnow and fleet alternately. On the 26th, at ten in the morning, we fell in with the ice. .\t twelve, it extended from N. W. to E. by N. and flemed to he thick and compaift. We were now, by obfervation, in the latitude of 69 deg. 36 min. N. and ir» the longitude of 184 deg. E. and it appealed that we had no better profpecl of getting to the N. here, than nearer the (liorc. We continued ftccrinc; ni chc W. till live in the afternoon, when we were, in fume de- gree, embayed by the ice, which w.is verv dole in the 7 C N. W. wards the north; but it Was mo clofe, and in too large pieces to attempt forcing the fliips through it.' We faw an amazing number of fea-horfcs on the ice, and as wcwcrc iti Want of frcfh provilions, the boats from each fliip were difpatchcd to procure fome of them. By feven in the evcnini';, we had received, on board the Refolution, nine of thefe animals; which, till this time, wc had fuppofcd to be fca-coMs; fo that we were greatly difappointed, particularly fome of the failors who, on account of the novelty of the thing, had b'-en feafling their eyes for fome days paft. Nor would they now have been difappointed, nor h^-ve known the difVcr- encc, if there had not been tw or thiec men on board, who had been in Greenland, and declared w hat ani- mals thefe were, and that no perfon ever eat of them. Notwithftandingthis, we made them ferve us for pro- vilions, and there were few of our people w ho did not prefer them to our fait meat, 'i'he iiit of thefe animals is, at firft, as fwcet a? niarrow; but, in a few days, it be- comes rancid, unlefs it is faltcd, in which ftate it will keep much longer. Theleanflefti iscoarfe andblatkifh, and has a llrongtafte; but the heart is almoft as well tailed as that of a bullock. The fat, when melted, aiVords a good quantity of oil, which burns very well in lamps; and their hides, which are of great tluck- ncfs, wcic extremely ufeful about our rigging. The teeth, ortunon one, and found that it was 15 feet, fo that rhe (liips might have failed over it. If he had not mca- fured this depth, he would have been unw illing to be- lieve, that there was a fufficient weight of ice above the furface, to have lunk the other fo much below it. It may thus happen, that n)ore ice isdcltroycd in onetcm- pclhious feaiiin, than is formed infeveral winters, and an endlefs accumulation of it is prevented. Hut that there is tonnantly a remaining ftore, will be acknow- ledged by every one who has been upon the fpot. A thicK fog, which cumc on while the Commodore was thus employed with the boats, haflened him aboard fooncr than he could have wifhed, with one fea-horfc to each Ihip. Our party had killed many, but could not wait to bring them off. The number of thefc animals, on all the ice that we had fcen, is really allonifiiing. We fpent the night ftanding oft' and on, among the itrift ue, and at nine o'clock the next morning, the fog having in fome degree difperfcd, boats from each of the flups were difpatched for fea-horfes; for our people by this time began to rclifh them, and thofe we had before furniflied ourfelves with, wrc all confumcd. At noon, our latiluile was 69 deg. 1 7 min. N. our longi- tude iSjdeg. F.. and our depth of water was 25 u- tfionis. At two in the afternoon, having got on board as many fea-horfes as were deemed futiicicnt, and the I wind fre(hcnin|^.it S. S. E. wehoilled in the boats, and llcered to the b. W. But being unable to weather the ice upon this tack, or to go through it, we made a board to the eallward. till about eight o'clock, then re- fumed our courfc to the S. VV. and were obliged befoie midnight to tack again, on account of the ice. Not long after, the wind veering to the N. W. and blowing a ftiff gale, wc llretchcd to the .S. W. clofe hauled. Friday the 29th, in the morning, wc law the main ice towards the N. and foon after, perceived land bear- ing S. W. by W. In a fliort time after this, more land was fcen, bearing VV. It flicwed itfelf in two hills, rc- feinbling iflands, but foon the whole appeared con- ncifted. As we made a nearer approach to the land the depth of water dccrcafed very faft, fo that, at twelve o'clock, when we tacked, we found only eight fathoms; being three miles from the coaft, which extenikd fionl S. 30 deg. E. to N. 60 deg. VV^ the latter extremity tenninating in a bluirpoint,beingoneof the hills men- tioned before. The weather was now very hazy, with drizzling rain; but, foon afterwards, it cleared up, par- ticularly to the louthward, weftward, and northward. This enabled us to have a tolerable view of the co.ill; which refembles, in every refpci't, the oppofite coall of America; that is, low land next the fea, with higher land farther back. It was totally deftitute of wood, and even of fnow; but was, probably, covered with a' molfy fubftance, that gave it a brownifli hue. In the low ground that lay between the fea and the high land, was a lake, extending to the fouth ealtward faithtr than we could fee. As we flood off, the moll wclKrIy of the two hills above-mentioned, came open olT the bluff point, ill a N. VV. direction. It had the appearance of an ifland, but it might perhaps Ik- connected wiih the other liy low land, though we did not fee it. Ami if that be the cafe, there is a two-fold point, with a bay be- tween them. This point, which is rocky ami llccp, ir- ccivedthe name of Cape North. It is fituatcd marly in the latitude of 68 deg. 56 min. N. and in the longi- tude of 180 deg. 51 min. E. The coafl^ beyond it doub'-lefs airumes a very wcfterly direction j for wc could difcern no land to the northward nf it, though the horizon was there pretty clear. Wifliing to Ice more of the coall to the weftwanl, we t.acked again, at two in the afternoon, thinking we fliould be able to wea- ther Cape North; but finding wc could n(K, the wind frclhening, a thick fog ariling, with miK h fnow, and being apprchcnfive of the ice coming down upon us, the Commodore relinquilhed thedelign he had liirnicJ of plying to the wcftward, and again flood off fliorc. The feafon was now fo far advanced, and the time when the froll generally fets in was fo near, that Captain Cook did not think it conflflcnt with prudence, to make any farther attempts todifcovcr a paflage into the Atlantic Ocean this year, in any direiflion.fo fmall was the pro- bability of iuccefs. His attention was now dircdted to the fearch of fomc place, where we might recruit our woodand water; and the object that principally occu- pied his thoughts was, how he fliould pafs the winter, lb as to make fome improvements in navigation and geography, and, at the fametinV;, be in a condition to return to the northward the enfuing fummcr, to profc- cutc his fearch of a palFagc into the Atlantic. Hav- ing ftootl oft' till our founding.', were eighteen fathoms, wc made fail to the eattwarti, along the coaft, which, wc were now pretty well convinced could only be the continent of Alia. The wind blowing freflt, and there being, at the fame time, a thick mift, and a very heavy fall of fnow, it was requilitc that wc ftiould procccti with particular caution: wc therefore brought to, for a few hours, in the night. Early the next morning, the 30th, wc fteercd fuch a courfc as we judged moft likely to bring us in with the land, being guided, in a great incifurc, by the land; for the weather was extremely thick and gloomy, with inccflant fliower* of fnow. At ten o'clock wc obtained a fight of the coaft, which was at the diftance of four miles, bcarin^j S. W. Soon af- terwards, our depth of water having decrcafed to feven fathoms, we hauled oft". A ^Ny low point now bore S. S. W. difttnttwo or three miles j to the caftward of which '»-', 4*4*,* I Ha * s-»f.- I ■ i 1 ?: . !i| .„r. i0l': , '. -V *■•. ^f^ S, J: :l:i 'Hi .*.*/ iBsr* u it: i,^-."S., ■'-•v * '.'i- llf llMi "'"^Ui^,. COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIHC GC:KAN, &c. s(':i ^ which there fccmcd to be a harrow channtl, that led into feme water *hich we faw over the point. It is not improbable, that the lake above-mentioned com- niunicatcs here with the fca. At noon, the mift dif- pcrfing, wc had a vii;\v of the coaft, which extended from S. K. to N. W. by V\f. Some parts of it were apparently higher than others; but the greateft part of it was rather low, with high land farther up the coun- try. It was ahnolV entirely covered with fhow, which had fallen very lately. We ranged along the coaO, at the diftancc of about two leagues, till ten o'clock in the evening, when we hauled off; but refumed our Courfc early on the following morning, when we had another view of the coall, extending from W. to S. E. by S. At eight o'clock the callcrn part bore S. and was found to be an ifland, which at twelve was four or five miles diftant, bearing S. W. half S, It is of a movleratc height, between four and five miles in cir- cinnfcrcncc, with a fteep rocky coafl. It is lituate in the lat. of 67 deg. 45 min. N. about three leagues from the continent; and is diftinguifhed in the chart by the appellation of Burncy's Kland, The inland country about this part abounds with hills, fome of which arc of conliderable elevation. The land in ge- neral was covered with fnow, except a few fpots on the coaft, which ftill continued 10 be low, but fomewhat Icfs fo than farther towards the W. During the two preceding days, the mean height of the mercury in the thcnuometcr had been frequently below the freezing point, and in general, very little above it ; infomuch ihat the warcr in the veflels upon deck, was oficn co- vered with a (l)eet of ice. We continued to fleer S. S. E. almoft in the dirctlHon of the coaft, till five o'clock ill ti e afternoon, when we faw land bearing S. 50 I dcg. E. wiiich pri)viLl to be a continuation of the ■ ro.ift. Wc hauled up fi»r it without delay; and at ten in the evening, being a-breaft of the eaftern land, and doubtful of weatlitring it, we tacked, and made a board towards the W. till after one o'clock the next morning. Tucfday, the ift of September, we again made fail to the \i. 'I'he wind w:is now very unfcttled, continually varying from N. to N. E. Between eight anil nine, the e.ilkrn extrnnity of the land was at the diftance of lix or kvcn miles, bearing S. by E. A head-land appeared at the fame time, bearing E. by S. half S. and not long after, we could diliirn the whole coaft that lay be- tween them, and a little illand at fome diftance from it. 'i'he c(/4ft now in fight fecmed to form feveral rocky poiiils, that were coimected by a low (liore, without any appciirance of an har'wur. At a diftance from the fea, many hills preftnttd thcmfclvcs to our view, the higheft of which were involved in fnow; in other rcfjiects, the whole country had a naked afpech At feven o'clock in the evening, two points of land lic\ond the eaftern head, opened oft" it in the diret'lion ot S. -(7 deg. !•',. Captain Cook was now convinced of what he had before imagined, that this was the rmmtry of the Tfchutlki, or the north-eaftern coaft of Alia ; and that Beering had proceeded thus far in the year 1728; th^t is, to this head, which, according to Muller, is denominated Serdze Kamcn, on ac.rouiu ot a rock ujmn it, that is of the figure of a heart. There arc indeed many high rocks on this cape, fome one or other of which maypcrhaps be fti.iprd like a lieart. It i.sa jiromontory of tolerable height, with a fteep rocky dill' fronting the fea. Its lat. is 67 deg. 3 min. N. and lis long. iSSdeg. 11 mm. E. To the E. of it the coaft is elevated and cold ; but to the W. it is low, and extends N. W. by W. and N. N. W. and it is nearly of the fame direction all the way to Cape North. I he depth of water is every where the lame at an otiual diftance from the ftiorc; and this is likewife the cafe on the oppolitc coaft of America. 1 he grcateft depth we met with, as we ranged along it, was 23 fathoms. During the night, or in thick loggy wiather, the foundings arc no bad guide to thofc who fail along cither of thefc coafts. On the ad, at right in the morning, the moft advanced land to the fouth- raftwaiid, bore Sr 25 deg. E. and, from thii particular point of view, had an iiiful.ir appearance. Bit the thick (bowers of fnow that fell in ijuick fuc( ellion, and fettled on the land, concealed from our li<.;;'it at this time a great part of the coaft. In a Ihoi t time after, the fun, which wc h.id not feen for near live days, broke out during the intervals between the ftiow- crs,- by which means the coafl was in fome degree freed from the fogj fo that We obtained a fight of ity and found that the whole was connedcd. I'he wind was ftill northerly, the air was cold, and the mercury in the ihermobietef did not rife above 55 deg. and was fometifnes not higher thrtn 30 deg. At 1 2 o'clock our lat. was 66 deg. 37 min. N. Cape Serdze Kamert was 12 or 13 leagues diftant, bearing N. 52 deg. W. the mofi fouthcrly point of land that we had in our fight, bore S. 41 deg. E. our foundings were 22 fa- thoms; and the diftance of the ncareft part of the fliore was about two leagues. The weather was now lair and bright ; and as we were ranging along the coaftj we faw feveral of the natives and fofne cf their dwel- ling-places, which had the appearance of hillocks of earth. In the courfe of the evening wc pafled the Eaftern Cape, or the point before-mentioned; frottl which the coaft trends to the fouth-wcftwa! 64 deg. i;{ min. N, and its long. i8f) deg. 36 mm. K. The more the Captain was convinced of hii being at iirefcnt upon the Aliatic coaft, the more he was at a lol's to reconcile his oblervations with Mr. Stxhlin's map of the New Northern Archi[)elago; and he could find no other method of accounting for fo important s dilferencc, than by fuppeling that he had millaken loiiie part of what Mr. StaL-hlin denominates the ifland ot Mafuhka for the continent of America, and had milled the channel by which they are feparated. But even on that fuppolition there would ftill have been a conliderable variation. The Captain conlidercd it as an atliiir of fome confcquence to clear up this point c'liriiig the prefent fcafon, that he might have only one ohiect in view in the following one. And as thefe northerly illandswere faid to abound with wood, he had fomc hopes if he Hiould find them, of procuring a Competent fupply of that article, of which we began to ftand in great need. With this view he ftecwrd over for the coall ot America; and the next day, about five o'clock in the afternoon, land was feen bearing S. three quarters E. which we imagined was Ajidcrl'on's Illand, or fome other land near it. (Jn Sunda\,tlc r)th, at four in the morning, we had a li|',ht ol' tin; American coaft, near Sledge Illand; and at lix in the evening of the fame day, that illand wa* at the diilaiK c of about ten le.igues, bearing N. 6 deg. hi. and the luolf cafterly land in view bore N. 41) deg. E. If any part of what Captain Cook had coniedured to be the toall of the American continent, could pollibly be the illaiui of Alafchka, it was that now in light; in which cal'c he muft have miflcd the channel between it and the main land, by ftcering towards the VV. inftead ol the E. after he had Hrll fallen in with it. He was, thnv- forc, at no lofs where to go, for the purpofe of clearing up thefe doubts. On the 7th, at eight o'clock in the evening, we had made a near apinoach to the land. Sledge Ifland bore N. 85 deg. VV. about eight leayius ilillant; and the caftern part of the coall bore X. 70 deg. E. with elevated land in the direction of !•. N. At this time we percciveil a lij^ht 011 Ihore, and two canoes with people in them, came olf towards us. V\'e brought to, in order to give them time to ap- pro.ich ; but they relifted all our tokens of amity, and kept at the diftance of a quarter of a mile. We therctorc left them, and proceeded along the coalh The next morning, at one o'clock, ohl'erving that the water tlioaled pretty fall, we anchored in ten latlioms, and remained in that lituation till day-lii;!it c.\\\k on. VVe then weighcil, and purfucd our coune aloiij' ihe coalf, which trended E. and E. halt S. At ie\.n o'clock in the evening \\c were abrcall nf a point, liiu ated in the long, of 11/7 deg. E. and in the Lu. ot t 4. deg. 21 min. N. beyond whicji the coail aHumes ,» more northerly ilireCtion. At eight this point, «l^l^ll received the appellation of Cape Oarby, bore S. ()i ,l< ^;. VV. the moft northern land we had in view, bore N. {2 deg. v.. and the diftance of the nearellpait of the lluiic was one league. In this fituation «e let go cur an- chors in thirteen fathoms, over a muddy bottom. On VVednefday the 9th, at break of ilay, we \^cii.;|-,ej, and made fail along the coall. We now law land, which we fuppofed to be two illands; the one beariii'; E. the other S. 70 deg. E. Not long afterwards, we lound ourfelves near a coaft covered with W(jod; a pleating light, to which we had not been lately actul- toined. As we advanced northward, land wa.s lien in the direction of N. E. hid^ N. which proved a conti- nuation of the coaft, upon which we nou were : we like- wife perceived high land over the illands, apparently, at a conliderable diilance beyond them. This was im.i- gined to be the continent, and the other land the ille of /Mafchka; but it was already a matter of doLibi, whetlnr we Ihould difcover a palliige between them, tor the water gradually Ihoaled, as we proceeded further to- wardi the i\. In confequence of this, twol>oais wcie dilpatchcd a-head to found; anil the Commodoie ordered the Dilcovery, as Ilie drew the leaft water, to lead, keeping nearly in the miildlc channel, between the coaft and the moft northerly illand. In this man- ner we contim ed our courfe, till three o'clock in the atternooii, when, having palled the illand, (>ur found- ings ilid not exceed tliree fathoms and a half, and ihe RefolutLonon(\ brought the mud up from the bottom. In no part ot the channel could a greater depth ot water be found, though we had founded it from one iide 10 the other; we therefore deemed it high time to return. .'\t this time a head-land on the wertern ftiore, to which the name of Bald-head was given, was about one league liiftant, bearing N. by VV. 'I'he coaft ex- tended l)eyond it as far as N. E. by N. where it ap- peared to terminate in a point ; behind which the coaft of the high land that was feen over the iflands ItrAehed itfelf. Ihe (liore on the weftern fide of Bald-head, forms a bay, in the bottom of which is a beach, where we perceived many huts of the natives. Wc continued to ply back during the whole night, and by day-break on the loth had deepened our water lix fathoms. At nine o'clock, when we were about three miles from the VV. (hore. Captain Cook, accompanied by Mr. King, went with two boats in fearch of wood and water. They landed in that part, where the coaft projects into a blulf 4 head, • ^44v. .. COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOVAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, 3cc. 5^5 hcail, coinpofcci of pcrpciidiiular ftraca of a dark blue rock, intermixed with (glimmer aiul iiuariz. Ailjoining to the beach is a narrow border of huul, which was at this time covered with lon^; grals, and where thcyob- ftrved foiiic angelica. I'he grounii beyond this, rifes with fomc abruptnefsj towards the top of this eleva- tion they found a heath, that abounded with berries of various kimis: further onward the country was rather level, and thinly covered with fnuiU fpruce trees, birch, and willows. I'hey faw the tracks of foxes and deer upon the beach, in many parts of which, there was a great abundance of drift wood: there was alfo no want of frelli water. Our gentlemen and their attendants having returned on board, the Commodore had thoughts of bnnguig the (hips to an anchor lierc; but the wind then Uniting to N. E. and blowing rather on this fliore, he Urttc.hetl over to the oppolite one, expecting to lind wood there likewife. At eight in the evening, we an- chored near the fouthern end of the mofl northerly illanti, for fuch we then imagined it to be. The next morning, however, we foiuid that it was a pcninfula, connected with the continent by a low illhmus, on each lide of which a bay is formed by the coalf. VVc plied into the louthcrnmoU of thcfe bays, and call anchor a- gain alic)iit twelve o'clock, in live I'atlioms water, over a muddy bottom j the point ot the peninfula, to which the •lanic of I'ape licnbigh was given, being one league dillant, in the direction of N. 6S (leg. W. We ol'- ftrved on the penmfiila, iVveial of tiie natives, and one of ilicm came oil m a fiiiall c.uioc. Captain Cook ga\ethu man a knivi; M\d loiiic bcails, with which he appeared lo be wxW picafed; we iiiade (igiis to him to bring us loiiie (jroviliom, upon « inch he inllantly quit- ted us, aiui padJicd touards the llioie. IlapiHiiing to meet anotiur man coining oiK, who liad twodrieil Jalmon, lie got them liom him; and when he returned to our tiiip lie relulcii to ;;ive them to any body except Captain Cook. Some ol our people fancied, that he alkcd lor him under the name of l^apitancj but in this they were [lerhaps millaken. Others of the in- habitants came till loon afterwards, and gave us a few lined fill), in exchange for fuch trifles as we had to barter with them. I'hey lliewed no dlllike for tobacco, but they were moll delirous of knives. In the after- noon, iVIr. (iore was difpatched to the peninfula, to procure woixl aiiil water; of the former of which ar- ticles we obfervtd great plenty upon the beach. At the lame time a boat from each of the lliips was lent to found round tiie ba\ ; and at three o'clock, the wind frelliening at N. K. we weighed anchor, and endea- voured to work further in, but that w;is ijuickly found to be impraclicabie, bv reafon of the llioals which ex- tendcil entirely rouiul the bay, to the dillance of up- wards of two miles from the Ihore, as the ollicers who h.id been fcnt out for the purjxife of founding reportcil. We therefore flood otV and on with the lliips, waiting for Lieutenant (jore, who returned about eight o'clock in the evening, with the launch loaded with wood. He informed the Commodore, that he had found but little frclhwater, and that the wood could not be pro- cured without dilliculty, on account of the boats grounding at Ibme diflance from the beach. As this w.is the cafe, we Hood back to the other fhore, and the next morning at eight, all the boats and a detachment of men with an oHicer, were lent to get wood from the place where Captain Cook had landed on the loth. Alter having continued for fomo time to Hand off and on with the Ihips, we at length call anchor in lefs than five fathoms, at the diflance of half a league from the coafl, whofe fouthern point bore S. 26 deg. 'W. Cape Denbigh was about 26 miles diflant, bear- ing S. 72 deg. K Bald-head was nine leagues off, in the dirct!lion of N. 60 deg. K. and the illand near the rallcrn Ihore, S. of Cape Denbigh, named by Captain Cook, Belborough Ifland, was 1 5 leagues ditlant, bear- ing S. 52 deg. E, This being a very open road, and therefore not a fecure flation for the ihips, the Commo- dore rcfolvcd not to wait till our (lock of water was completed, as that would take upfoine time; but only to fvirnidi both (hips with wood, and afterwards to feck No. 69. a more commodious place for the fc .ner article. Our people carrieii olfthc drift-wood that lay on the beach, and performed that bufincfs with great expedition; (br,as the wind blew along the fliore, the boats were enabled to ail both ways. In the afternoon Captain Cook went on fliore, and took a walk into the country, which in thofc parts where there was no wood, abounded with heath, and other plants, fcveral of which had plenty of berries, all ripe. Scarce a fingtc plant was in flower. The underwood, fuch as birch, alders, and \yillow3, oc- calioncd walking to be very troubiefonic among the trees, which were all fpruce, and none of which ex- ceeded feven or eight inches in diameter; but forne were obfervcd lying on the beach, that were above twice that flic. .\11 the drift-wood that wc faw in thefe nor- thern [larts was fir, Sunday the i jth, a family of the natives came near the (pot where our people were occupied in taking oft wood. The f'a]itaiii faw only the hufband and wife, and their child, bctidesafourth perfon.who was the nioft deformed cripple he had ever lien. The hulband was nearly blind, and neither he, nor his wife, were fuch well-looking people as many of thofe whom we had met with on this coall. Both of them had their lower lips perforated; and they were in poffeflion of foine glafs- iicads, rclcnibling' thofe wc had fecn before among their neighbours Iron \ as the article thatpleafed them moft. I'or lour knives which had been formed out of .ni old iron-hoop, the Ca[>tain obtained from them near four hund red poumlsw eight offifli, that had been lately caught by thcni. Sonu- of thcfe were trout, and others were, with rclJHi't to li/.c and talk-, fomcwhat between a liming aiui a mullet. The Cn[itain gave a few beads to the rliild, who was a female; upon which the mother imineiliateiy biirll into tears, tlun the father, next after him the cripjile, and at lall, to add the finilhing (Iroke to the ty hills of a moile. )wards the N. \\ . e was inclined to it dif( harged iifelf ay. Some of his nto the country, r fizc the further aptain Look gave our of .Sir Men her ir relation of Mr. s the latitude of 64 jur ihips were now caftern fide of it, he natives. It ii pofedtotheS. and jc met with in all owcver.as to have during the whole /cry fine weather, "git great number it of which ga\c of the anchoring id, while its lati- :h rcfpcifl to the : feet, and the day tain Cook being f'llin's map was red the continent ^ntleman had oc- lafchka, thought criy regions, and lerc he might ob< : did not conlider t. Peter and Sc, rnifli a fulficienc u for not going ich was, his great or feven months, iCe of pafTing the winter Wi • ^ ^*ik > J ! ' . ^ \ IS m '■i ' :,Tiiii :'%■ i:!^ 'ii.«':*l 1 COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the FACIl-lC OCEAN, &c. 567 winter in any of thcfe northern countries. He «t length concladcd, that no (itiiation was fo convenient for our puipofc as the Sandwich Idaiids. To them, therefore, he formed a refolution of repairing. But a fupply of vater being necelfary before he could execute that de- (ign. he determined, with a view of procuring this ef- fentiai article, to fearch the coaft of America for a har- bour, by proceeding along it to the fouth ward. If he ftiould not meet with fuccefs in that fcarch, his inten- tion was to reach Saiugaiioodha, which was appointed for our place of rendezvous, in cafe the (hips fhould happen to fcparate. On Thurfday, the 17th, in the morning we weighed anchor with a light eafterly breeze, and fteering to the fouthward, attempted to pafs within Belborough Ifland; but, thoHgh it is lix or fcvcn miles didant from the con- tinent, we were prevented, by meeting with (hoal wa- ter. Having but little wind all the day, we did not pafs that ifland before it was dark ; and the night was fpcnt under an cafy fail. On the 1 8th, at day break, we re- fumed our progrefs along the coaft. At noon, our foundings wire no more than live fathoms. Belborough Kland, at this time, bore N. 42 dcg. E. the moft fou- thcrly land in C^ht, which alfo proved to be an ifland, hare S. 66 dcg. W. the palTagc between it and the con- tinent, wa; in tlie diredHon of S. 40 dcg. W. and the neareft land was at tiic diftance of about two miles. We continued to fleer for this palTage, till the boats whichwcrca-hcad made the fignal for having no more than three fathoms water. Inconfco,' ice of this, we hauled without the illand, and difplayi. '. the fignal for the Refolution "s boat to keep between the ftiore and the Ihips. This iila.ul, to which the name of Stuart's Ill.irul was givf-i 'ir' h ''1 latirudcof 6'? deu;. ;j5 min. N. ami is 17 Icj^iic-, uidant from Cape Denbigh, in the direction of S. 17 dig. W. It is fix or fcvcti leagues in circumference. Thoiij^h fomc parts of it are of a moileratchcight yet, in gcncr.il, it is low, with fomc rotks off the wclJcrn part. Thr crcatert part of the loafl of the continent is lox land, but we perceived highland up the count rv. It torins a point, oppolite the illaiul, whi' h uas diliin;;iiillicd by the name ot Cape Stephen';, and is iituated in the latitude of 6;? dtp. j;} niin. N. and in the ion^itud' of 197 dcg. 41 min. li. .Soiiu' drift uodit was ohfcrvcd on rhc flioics, both of the illand atnl of theionrincnt; but not a finglc tree was fccii growing ii(V)n either. Vellels might anchor, upon iircafion, ixtween the continent and the N. I-!, fide of ihisiflanil, in a depth of five fathoms, flickered from I lie eaflcrly, wellerly, and foutherly winds. But this fhtion would be entirely cx|)ofed to the northerly winds, the land, in that direciion, being too rcmot'.- to afii)rd any fecuritv. Before we reached Stuart's Illand, we paflfd two little iflaiuis, fitaatc between us and the mam land; and as wc ranged along the coaft, fevcral of the natives made their appearance upon the ihorc, and, by fif;ns, feemed to invite us to approach. We were no fiwner without the ifland, than we fleered S. by W. for the moll fouthcrn part of the con- tinent in fight, till eight in the evening, when, the depth of water having decrcafcd from fix fathoms to lels than four, wc ta< ked and flood to the northward into five fathoms, and then palFcd the night in ftanding off and on. .\t the time we tack.;d, the fouthcrnmoll point of land above mentioned, which wenairicd I'oint .Shallow Water, bore S. half E. at the diftanrc of feven leagues. On the r 9th, at day break, wc rcfumcd ixir foutherly courfe ; but (Ijoal water foon obliged us to haul more to the wcftward. We were at length fo far advanced upon the bank, that we could not hold a N. N. W. courfe, as wc fonietimes met with only four fa- thoms. The wind blowing frefli at E. N. E. it was now high time to endeavour to find a greater depth of watar, and to quit a coal> upon which we could no longer navigate with fafcty. We therefore hauled the wind to the northwanl.and the water gradually increafed in depth to eight fathoms. At this time, wc were about twelve leagues diftant from the continent, and nine to the W. ot Stuart's Ifland. We faw no land to the fouthward of Point Shallow Water, which Captain I Cook judged to lie in the latitude of 6 j deg. N. fo that between this latitude and Shoal Nefs. in latitude 60 dcg. the coaft has not been explored. It is probably accef- fible only to boats, or very finall vcflcls; or, if there are channels for velfelsof greater magnitude, it would require fom^' time to find them. From the maft head, thefea within us ap{)eared to be chccquercd with flioalsj the water was very muddy and difcolourcd, and much freflier than at any of the places where our fliips had lately anchored. From this we inferred, that a confi- derable river runs into the fea, in this unexplored part. After we had got into eight fathoms Water, we fleered to the weftward, and afterwards more foutherly, for the land difcovered by us on the 5th of September, whiclj at noon on the 20th, bore S. W.by W. at the diftance of ten or eleven leagues. We had now a frefti gale at N. and, at intervals, fhowcrs of hail and fnow, with a pretty high fea. To the land before us, the Commo- dore gave the appellation of Gierke's Ifland. It ftands in the latitude of 63 dcg. 15 min. and in the longitude of 190 deg. 30 min. It fccmcd to be an ifland of con- fiderable extent, in which arc fcveral hill:, ^-'l conneded by low ground, fo that it looks, at a diftance, like a group of iflands. Near its caftern part is a little ifliuid, which is remarkable for having on it three elevated rocks. Both the greater ifland, and this finaller one, were in- habited. In the afternoon, about fix o'clock, we reached the northern point of Gierke's Illand; and having ranged along its coaft till dark, we brought to during the night. Early the next morning, wc again ftond in for the coaft, and proceeded along it in queft of an harbour, till twelve o'clock, when finding no proba- bility of fuccefs, we left it and ftecrcd S. S. W. for the land difcovered by us on the 29th of July; having a frefli gale at N. accompanied with ftiowers of fnow and fleet. Wednefday the 23d, at day break, the land above mentioned made its appearance, bearing S. W. at the diftance of fix or feven leagues. From this point of uew, it rcfemblcd a clufter of iflands ; but It was found to be only one, of about thirty miles in extent, in the direction of N. W. and S. E. the Ibuth-caftern extre- mity being Cape Upright, which we have mentioned lH;forc. The ifland is narrow, particularly at the low necks of land by which the hills are connected. Cap- tain Cook afterwards found, that it was entirely unknown to the Ruflians, and therefore, confidcring it as a dif- covcry of our own, he named it Gore's Illand. It ap- peared to be barren and deftitute of inhabitants, at leaft we faw none. Nor did wc oiifervc fuch a number of birds about it, as wc had feen v.hen we firft difcovered it. But we perceived lome fca-otters, an animaJ which we had not found to the N. of this latitude. About twelve miles fiom Cape Upright, in the diredionofS. 72 deg. W. ftanc's a fmall illand, whofe lofty fummit terminates in fevcral pinnacle rocks, for which reafon it obtained the name of Pinnacle Ifland. At two o'clock P. M. alter we had paflld Cape Upright, we (leered S. E. by S. for Samganoodha, with a gentle breeze at N. N. W. being refolvcd to lofc no more time in fcarching for an harbour among iflands, which we now began tofufpcCt hadno exillcncc; at leaft, not in the latitude and longitude in which they have been placed by modern delineators of charts. On the 24th in the evening, the wind veered to S. W. and S. and increafed to a frefli gale. We continued our eafterly courfe tiU eight in the morning of the i5th, when in the longi- tude of 191 deg. JO min. and in the latitude of 58 dcg. 3? min. wc tacked and flood to the weftward ; foon after whicn, the gale incrcaling, vvc were reduced to two courfei, and clofc-reef d main-top-fails. In a flioit lime after, the Refolution fprung a leak, under the ftarboard buttock, which was fo confidcrable, as to keep one pump conftnntly employed. We would not venture to put the Jliip upon the other tack, from the apprchcniion of getting upon the (hoals that lie to the N. W.of CapeNewenham; but continued to ftcer towards the W. till lix in the evening of Saturday the 26th, when we wore and ftood to the eaftward; and then the leak gave us no farther trouble. This proved, that % m ■lil!*; "J iA MM j68 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. that it was above the watci-linc, wiiich gave us great fatisfaftion. The gale had now ceafcd, but the wind continued at S. and S. W. for fome days longer. On I'riday the 2nd of Oiflobcr, at day break, we faw' the iflc of Oonalalhka, in a S. E. diredion. But as the land was obfcurcd by a thick haze, we were not cer- tain with rcfpecl: to our fituation till noon, when the obftrvcd latitude determined it. We hauled into a bay, ten miles to the wcflward of Samganoodha, known by the name of Egoochfhac; but finding very deep water, we fpcedily left it. The natives vilitcd us at dif- ferent tunes, bringing with them dried falinon, and other lilh, which our iailors received in exchange for tobacco. Only a few days before, every ounce of to- bacco that rcmaiiied in the Ihip, had been dillributcd among them, ai\d the quantity was not half futlicient to anfwer vhcirdcmanils. Notwithllanding this, fothought- KTsand improvident a being is an F!ngli(h failor, that they were as profufc in making their bargains, as if we had arrived at a port in Virginia; b\- which means, in k!s than two days, the value of this conmiodiiy was lowered above a thoufand percent. The next Jay, at one o'clock in the afternoon, we anchored in the har- bour ot Samganooilha, and, on the morning of the 4th, the carpenters were employed m ripping off the fhcathing of and underthe wale of the Rciblution onthe Uar-board (ide. Many of the feanis were found entirely open ; it was therefore not to he wondered at, that fo much water had got inn the Ihip. We cleared the filh and fpirit rooms, and the after-hold; and difpofcd things in fiii h a manner, that, in call- of any iuturc leaks ot the l.nne nature, the water iuight find its way to the pumps, IJcrkks this work, and completing our flock of water, we cleared the fore-hold, and took in a quantity of hallall. I'he vegct.il)les we had met with when we were here before, were now, tor the moll part, in a Hate of decay. 'J'here being great [ilenty of berries, one thlid ot the people, by turns, h.id permillion to go a-lliore and gather them. Conliderable quantities of them were alio brought to us by the inhabitants. If there were any leeds of the llurvy, among the people of either fiiip, thefe bernis. and the ufe of fpruce beer, which they were allowed to ilrink every other day, etfec'tually eradicated them. We likewife procured abimdance of tilh; at firlV, chiefly falmon, both trelh and dried, which the nari\es brought us. Some of the trelh falmun was in the higheft perfeOlion ; but there was one forr, which, from the figure of its head, we called hixjk-noled, that Mas hut inditferent. Drawing the (cine feveral times, at the head ^A' the bay, we caught many falmon trout, ^ind a halibut that weighed ;;.( pounds. We at'ter- wards hail ret ourfe to hooks and lines. A boat was lent oute\ery morning, which feldom returned without fight or ten halibut, a fc of gaining farther information; with orders, that if he met with any Ruirians, he fliould en- deavour to make them underdand, that we were Eng- iilhmen, the friends and allies of their nation. Saturtlay the loth, Corjwral Lediard returned with three Hiitiian leamen, or fyrricrs, who with fcvcral others refided at Egoochfhac, where they had fomc llore-houfes, a dwelling-houfc, and a floop of about ^0 tons burthen. One of thefe KufTians was either Mailer or Mate of this vcflcl. They were all three intelligein well-behaved men, and extremely ready to give us all the information we could deiire. But for want of an interpreter, we found it very difficult to underfland each other. They appeared to have a perfed know- ledge ofthe attempts which their countrymen had made to navigate the Frozen Ocean, and of the difcovcrics that had been made from Kamtfcl itka, by Becriiiir Tfcherikotf, and Spangcnbcrg. But they had not the' leatt idea to what part ofthe world Mr. Stachlin's map referred, when it was laid before them. When Captain Cook pointed out Kamtfchatka, and fome other places upon this map, they afked him whether he had Ccm the illands there reprefented; and, on his anfwering in the negative, oi\c of them put his finger upon a part of the map, where a number of illands are laid down, and faid that he had cruifcd there in fearch of land, but could never meet with any. The Captain then Ihcwed them his own chart, and tbund that they were llrangcrs to every part of the coafb of Amcric?, except that which lies oppofixe this itland. One of thefe men faid, that he had been with Beering in his American voyagcj but he mull then have been very young; for even now, at the dillance of 37 years, he hud not the appear.incc of being aged. Never was greater rcfpect paid to the memory of any eminent perfon, than by thefe men to that of Beering. The trade in which they arc engaged is very advantageous, and it.^ being undertaken and extended to the eallwaid of Kamtfchatka, was the immediate refjlt of the fecond voyage of that dillinguilhej navigator, whofc misfor- tunes proved the fource of much private benefit to iiuiividu.ils, and of public utility to the Uullian empire. .And >ct, if his ditlrelles had not accidentally earned him to the illand which bears his name, w here he ended his lite, and tVom whence the remainder of his Ihipi crew brought back fpecimens of its valuable furs, the Kullians would probably have undertaken no future voyages, which could lead them to make difcovcrics 'u\ this fea, towards the American coall. Indeed, alter his time, their minitlry feem to have paid lefs attention to this object; and for what difcovcrics have been fincc made, we are principally indebted to the cnterpri/ing fpirit of private merchants, encouraged, however, by tile fupei intending care of the court of I'eterlburg. The three Kullians having remained all night with the Commodore, vilited Captain Gierke the follovMng moriung.and then departed, perfectly fatisfied with the reception they had met with. They promifed to re- turn in a few days, and bring with them a chart ot the illands lituate between Kamtfchatka and Oona- lalhka. In the evening of the i4th, while Captain Cook and Mr. Webber were at a village, not far from Samganoodha, a Kullian landed there, who proved to be the principal perfon among his countrymen in this and the adjac ent illcs. His name was Eraliin Grego- riotf Sin Ifmylolf. lie arrived in a cbuoc that carried three perfons, attended by twenty or thirty finalkr ca- noes, each conduded by one man. Immediately after landing, they conllrudlcd a fmall tent tor Ifmylolf, of materials which they had brought with them, and they afterwards made others tor thcmfclvcs, of their ca- noes and paddles, which they covered with grafs. II- mylolf having invited the Captain and Mr. Webber into his tent, fet before them fome dried falmon and berries. He appeared to be a man of fenfe; and the Captain felt no linall mortification in not being able to converfe with him, except by ligns, with the affiflaiicc of figures, and other charaders. The Captain .'queltti) him to favour him with his company on board th" next day, and accvjrumgly he came with all his atteno.'nts. He had indeed moved into the neighbourhood of our flation, for the exprcfs purpofe of waiting upon 1 s. The Commodore was in hopes of receiving from him the chart which his three countrymen had promifed, but he was difapjiointcd. However, Ifmyloff afllired him i:c fliouU have it, and he kept his word. The 3 Captain ■;-^**^4^.-^...Xift they had fonic loop of about ^0 ras either Mailer three intellitrem- ly to give us all for want of an to undcrftand a pcrfed i.\ 4^« COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 569 Captain found hini'vcry well acquainted wiih the geo- graphy of thofe parts, and with all the dilcoverics which had been made in this quarter by the Ruilians. On fee- ing the modern maps, he inlkntly pointed out their er- rors: he faid he had accompap'cd Lieutenant Syndo, or (as he called him) Synd, in his northern ex- pedition; and, according to his account, they did not proceed farther than the Tfchukotikoi Nofs, or rather than St. Lawrence's Bay ; for he pointed on our chart to the very place where Captain Cook landed. From thence he faid they went to an ifland in the lat. of 63 dcg. N, upon which they did not land. He did not recolledl the name of that ifland; but the Captain ConjeAured, that it was the fame with that to which the appellation of Clerke's Ifland had been given. To what place Synd repaired afterwards, or in what parti- cular manner he employed the two years, during which, according to Ifmylotf, his refearchcs lafUd, he was ci- ther unable or unwilling to inform us. Perhaps he did not comprehend our enquiries on this point; and yet, in ainiolt every other thing, we found means to make him underftand us. This inclined us to fufped, that he had not really been in this expedition, notwitb- ftanding what he huu affcited. Not only Ifmyloff.but alfo the others afhrmcd, that they were totally un- acquainted with the American continent to the north- ward; and that neither Lieutenant Synd, nor any other Ruflian, had feen it of late years. They called it by the fame name which Mr. Starhlin has affixed to his large ifland, that is Alalchka, According to the in- formation we obtained from Ifmyloff and his country- men, the Ruffians have made fevtral attempts to gain a footing upon that part of the North American con- tinent, that lies contiguous to Oonalallika and the adja- cent illands, but have conllantly been repulfed by the inhabitants, whom they rcprefent as a very treacherous people. They made mention of two or three Captrins, or chief men, who had been murdered by them; and fomc of the Ruffians (hewed us wininds, which they de- clared they had received there. IfmyloHallb informed us, th.it in the year 1 77_^, an expedition had been undertaken into the Vrozen Ocean in (ledges, over the ice, to three large ill.inds that arc lituate oppoiite the mouth of the river Kovyma. But a vovage which he faid he himfelf had performed, engaged our attention more than any other. 1 le told us that on the 1 2th of May, 1 771 , he faileil from Bolcherctzk, m Kamtfchatka, in a Ruflian vcirdtoMareckan, one of the Kurileiflands, where there is an harlKHir, and a Rullian fettlemcnt. l-'iom this ifland he proceeded to Japan, where his continuance a[)pear8 to have bctn but lliort ; for, as foon as the Ja- p.incfc knew th.\t he and his companions profclTcd the Chrillian faith, they made ligns tor them to depart ; but did not, fo lar as we could underftand him, otfer any infult or violence. From Japan he repaired to llanton, in China 1 and from thence, in a French lliip to Fiance. He then travelled to Feterlburgh. and was afterwards lent out again to Kamtfchatka. We cou'd not learn what became of the eflcl in which he tirft eiiUiarked, nor what was the principal intention of the voyage. His being unable tc fpeak one word of the French language, rendered this (lory rather fu(- picious; he feemcd clear, however, as to the times of hi^ arrival at the dillVrent places, and of his departure from them, which he put down in writing. The next iiioming n-'riday rlit 16th) he oiVered Captain Cook a f(, I -otter (kin, whiih he faid wa; worth 80 roubles at K.uiitfcliatka. The ('aptain, however, thought proper to deJine the otfer; but acept'd of limie dried tilh. Mv\ le\n il li.i(kti- 111 the lily, or faianiu' root. In the alU'tnoon, ll'myKill, after having dined with Captain ( letke. lilt us with all liis retinue, but promifed to re- turn ii\ ii few days. Accordingly, on the 19th, he p.Vid us anolhei vilit, bringing with him the charts above uwuiiomd, which he permittid Captain Cook »o I (ipy, and the contents of which arc the foundation of the lollowing remarks, Ihefc charts were two in number, they were both numufcripts, and bore t very mark of authenticity. One of them comprehended the Pcnll-.inlkian fca; thfl coaft No. 69. of Tartary, as low as the lat. of 41 deg. N. the Kurile Illands, and the peninfula of Kamtfchatka. Since this chart had been made, Wawfeclee Irkecchoff, a naval captain, explored, in the year 1758, the coafl of Tar- tary, from Okotfk, and the river Amur, to Japan, or 4 1 deg. of northern lat. We were informed by Mr. Ifiin - loff, that a great part of the fea-coall of Kamtfchatka had been correded by himfelf; and he defcrihcd the inflrument ufed by him for that purpofe, which mull have been a theodolite. He alfo told us, that there were only two h.irbours proper for (hipping, on all the eaffern coafl of Kamtfchatka, viz. the bay of .'\watfka, and the river Olutora, in the bottom of the gulph of the fame name; that there was not one harbour on its weftern coart; and that Yamfk was the only one, exce[)t Okotfk, on all the weflern (ide of the Fenihinlkian lea, till we come to the river Amur. The Kurile Iflands contain but one harbour, and that is on the N. K. (idc of Mareekan; where, as we have already mentioned, the Ruffians have a fettlement. The other chart com- prehended all the difcoveries that the Ruffians had made to the eartward of Kamtfchatka, towards .Xmc- rica. That part of the American coaft, with which Tfcherikoff fell in, is laid down in this chart between the lat. of 58 dcg. and 58 and an half dcg. N. and 75 dcg, of caffem long, from Okotlk, or 2t 8 and an half deg. fro:i. Greenwich; and the place where liecnng anchored in 59 and an half dcg. of lat. and 6j alid an halt dcg. of long, from Okotik, or 207 dcg. from Given- wich. To fay nothing of the long, which may, troui ("evcral caufes, be erroneous, the lat. of the coa(t difco- vercd by Beeringami Tfcherikoff, particularly that part of it which was dil'covcred by the latter, differs conli- derably from Mr. Mullcr's chart. Whether the chart now produced by Ifmylotf, or that of Miillcr, be mott erroneous in this refped, it m?.y be dillicult to deter- mine. According to Ifmylotf's account, neither the number nor the lituation of the iflands »vhich are dif- perfed between 52 deg. and 55 deg. of lat. in the fpacc between Kamtfchatka and America, is properly afcer- tained. Heffruck out about a third of them, alilirinK us that they did not exifl; and he conliderably altered the lituation of others, which he faid was necelfary, from the obfervations which he himfelf had made; and there was no reafon to entertain a doubt about this. As thefe iflands are nearly under the fame parallel, different na- vigators, miflcd by their dilfcrent reckonings, might eaiily miffake one ifland, or clufler of iflands for ano- ther; and imagine they had mailc a new difcovery, when they had only tound old ones; in a poliiion fome- what ditTerent from that which tluit tormcr vifitors had affigned to them. The ifles of St. Theodore, St. Ste- phen, St. Abraham, St. Macarius, StvlucHon Illand, and feveral others, which are repretentt d in Mr. Mullcr's chart, were not to be found in this now pioduceii to us ; nay, IfmylolV and the other Rullians alHircd Cap- tain Cook, that they had been frequently fought toi without etfcd. Ncverthelefs, it is dilVuult to bclicM , that Mr. Muller could place them in his chart without fome authority. Captain Cook, however, i ontiding in the tcdimony of thefe people, whom he thought com- f)ctent witnelfcs, otriitted them in 'is chart; and made iich corredions refpedlin" the othci illands, as lie had reafon to think were uci elliiiy. We (hall now pn, «..! to gi\. fomc account of the iflands, beginning .viih thole which are nenrcfl to Kamtfchatka, and computing the long, from the hare hour of Petropaulowlka, in the bav of Awatfka. The full is Bc-cring's ifland, in ' (, dcg of northern lat. and •^i dcg. of caftcrn long. At the dillance of 10 leagues ;rom the fouthern extremity of this, in the diredion of 1- by S, or L. S, E. (lands Maidcnoi OllrofF, or the C oper Ifland. The next ifland h .Vtakou, in the lat. ot 1 deg. 4; min. and in the long, of 15 deg. or 16 de^. The extent of this ifland is about i H leagues in, the dircdlion of H wvi W. and a \i ^Hih >js the fame land which Bcer.Jig fell in with, and to «.ij«ch h- gave the name of Mount St. John. We next tittwr to a clullcrof fix ormorciilands; two of winch, \mlukan4 Atglika, arc of conliierable extern and cich of them 7 E has I •4 '^'i-ri ■Mi m .57° Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ::/^^*:t it ' I'v.i has a good harbour. The middle of this ;:;roup hcs in the lat. of 52 dcg. jomin. and 2S dcg. of long, from the bay of Awatika, and its extent is about four degrees in the dircdion of E. and W. Thefe are the ides that Ifniyloft* faid were to be removed four degrees to the call ward. In the fituation they have in Captain Cook's chart, was a group, comprclicnding 10 little idands, \vhich we were informed were entirely to be ftruck out; and alfo two iilands, fituatc between them and the group to which Oonalalhka appertains. In the place of thefe two, an ifland, named Amoghta, was intro- duced. The fituation of many of thefe iflands may, perhaps, be erroncoully laid down. But the pofition of thelar- gcft group, of which Oonalalhka is one of the mod confuierable iilands, is free from fuch errors. Mod of the iilands that compofe this clufter, were fecn by us; their long, and hit. were therefore determined with to- lerable accuracy; particularly the harbour of Samga- Boodha, in OonT'-'^^.ka, which muft be confidercd as a lixed] point. This group may be faid to extend as far as Halibut Illes, which are forty leagues dillant from Oonalaflika, towards the K. N. K. Within thefe illes, a pairage, communicating with Briftol Ihy, was marked in Ifmyloti's chart, which converts about i 5 leagues of the coall, that Captain Cook had fuppoled to be part of the continent, into an illand, named Oonec- mak. This pallagc might ealily cfcapc us, being, as wc were infoiiiKd, extremely narrow, lliallow, and only to be navig.ucd through witii boats, or velUls of very fniall buiili( 11. Krom ihc ch irt, as well as from the teilimony of Il'myloiranil his counriynien, it appears, that this is as far as the Rulllans have made any liif- coveries, or have extended tli'imlelves, lince the time ol Beering. They all allirmetl, that no peifons of tliat nation had fettled ihemfelvcs fo far to the e.illward, as the place where the natives gave the note to Captain Gierke; which bein;^' ilelivered to IfmylofV lor his pc- rufal, he fai»l, that it had been written at Oonvinak, I'rom him ve procured the name of Kodiak, the largert of St humagin's Iflandsj for it had no name af- figned to It upon the chart which he produced. It may not be improjicr to mention, that no names were put to the iilands which Ifmylolf faid were to be llruck «ut of the chart; and Captain Cook confidered this as fome confirmation that they have no cxillciii e. The American continent is here callid by the Ruffians, as well as by the illandcrs, Alafchka; whicli appellation, though it properly belongs only to that pair which is contiguous toOontemak, is made life of by them when fpeaking of the Air.crican continent in general. This is all the intelligence we obtained from thefe people, rcfpecling the geography of this part of the globe; and perhaps this was all the information they were able to give. I-"or they repeatedly alfured Capiain ( ook, that they knew of no other iilands, beliJes thofe which were reprefentcd upon this chart, ano that no Ruffian had ever vilited any part of the American con- tiiK'nt to the northward, except that which is oppo- litc the country of the Ifchutlkis. If Mr. Stivhlin w:'s !;nr greatly impofed upon, what could induce him to p.iblilh a map fo lingularly erroneous as his map of the New northern Archipelago, in which many of thefe iilands arc jumhled together without the lead regard to tiuth? Nevert iclefs, he himfclf flylcs it " a very ac- " curate little map." Ifmyloff continued with us till the evening of the lift, vvhcn he took his final Ica\c. Captain Cook en- trufled to his care a letter to the Lords of the Admi- ralty, cnclofing a chart of all the northern coalb wc had vifiicd. Ifmylolf Hiid there would be an oppor- tunity ol" tranfmitting it to Kamtfchatka, or Okotik, in ttic couWcof the fuccceding fpring; and that it would he at Petcrfburg the following winter. He gave the Captain a letter to Major Bthin, Governor ol Kamtf- chatka, who relides at Bolcherctik, in that peninfula; and another to the commanding officer at Pctropau- lowfka. This gentleman fcemed to poffefs abilities th.it might entitle him to a higher ftation than that in rthirh wc found him. He hadconlidcrablc knowledge in allronomy, and in the molt uleful branches of the mathematics. Captain Cook made him a prefent of an Hadley's odtant; and though, perhaps, it was the firil he had ever feen, he very quickly made himfclf ac- quainted with moft of the ufcs to which that inftru- mcnt can be applied. Thurfday the 22d, in the morning, wc inadc an at- tempt to get out to fea, with the wind at S. E. but did not fucceed. In the afternoon of the 2;{d, we were vifited by one Jacob Ivanovitch Sopofnicoff", a Riilllan, who commanded a fmall velTel at Oomanak. This man fecmed very modeft, and would drink no llioiig liquor, of which the other RuITians, whom wc had met w ith here, were extremely fond. He appeared to know what fupplics could be obtained at the harbour of St. Peter ancl St. Paul, and the price of the various articles, more accurately than Mr. Ifmyloff. But by all accounts, every thing wc fliould have occafion to purchafe at that place, was very fcarce, and bore a high price. 1 his man informed us, that he was to be at Petropaulow fka in the enfuing May; and, as we underllood, was to have the charge of Captain Cook's letter. He fecmed very delirous of having fome token from the Captain to carry to Major Behm; and to gratify him, the Captain fent a fmall fpying-glafs. After we had contradted an acquaintance with thefe Ruflians, feveral of our gentle- men, at ditferent times, vilited their fcttlemcnt on the illand, where they always met with very friendly treat- ment. It conlilled of a dwelling-houfe and two ftore- houfcs. Bclidcs the Ruffians, there was a number of the Kamtfchadales, and of the Oonalallikans, as fer- vants to the fcinicr. Some other natives of this illand, who appeared to be independent of the Ruffians, lived at the lame place. Such of them as belonged to the Ruffians, were all of the male fcx ; and they are cit'-.r taken or purchafed from their parents when young. I'herc were at prefent about twenty of thefc,who could be confidered in no other light than as children. They all rclide in the fame houfe, the Ruffians at the upper end, the Kamtfchadales in the middle, and the Oona- lallikans at the lower end, where is fixed a capacious boiler for preparing their food, which principally con- lills of filh. with the addition of w ild roots and berries. There is no great diU'eronce between the full and lalt table, except what is produced by cookery, by which the Rullians can make indifferent things palatable. They drefs whale's Hefh in fuch a manner as to make it very good eating; and they have a kind of pan-pudding of falmon-roe, beaten up line and fried, which is a to- lerable lubllitute for bread. They may, perhaps, oc- calionally tafle real bread, or have a dilli in which Hour is one of the ingredients. If we except the ]uiee of berries, which they generally lip at their meals, thcv drink no other liiiuor than pure water; and it ftcins to be very fortunate for them that they have nothing flfoogcr. As the ifland furnilhcs them withfublilfcnce, fo it does in fonu neafurc with clothing. This is chiefly compofed of fkins. The upper garment, which is made like a w.aggoner's frock, reaches down to the knees. Belides this, they wear a waifcoat or two, a pair of jrecches, a fur cap, and a pair of bobts, the legs of which are formed of forae kind of ftrong gut, but the folcs and upper leathers areof RulRan leatncr. Their two Chiefs, Ifmylott nnd Ivanovitch, wore a calico frock; and they, as well as feveral others, had Hurts of lilk Many Ruffians are fettled upon all the moft confiderable iflands between Kamtfchatka and Oona- laQika, for the purpofeofcoUedfing furs. Their prin- cipal objcd is the fca-beaver or otter; but fkins of in- ferior va'ue alio make a part of tlicir cargoes. We neglected to enquire how long they have had a fettlc- mcnt upon Oomlaflika, and the neighbouring illands; but if we form our judgment on this point from the great fubjcdl'on the natives are under, this cannot be oT a very late date. Thefe furriers arc from time to time fucceeded by others. Tliofe we faw arrived here from Okotfk in 1776, and were to return in 1781. As foi the native mhabitants of this illand, they arc to all appearance a very peaceable, inolfcnlive race of people; and in point of honefty. they might fcrve as a pattern ^%^^.. rkV^ bmnchcs of the m a prefcnt of an s, it was the Firll ladc himfelf at- tiich that inftru- wc made an at- ind at S. E. but the 2'jd, \vc were rnicoff, a Ruffian, .)oiTianak. This drink no ftroiiff horn we had met ippcarcd to know le harbour of vSt. e various articles. It by all accounts, p purchafc at that igh price. This t Petropaulowdia lood, was to have He fcenicd very 1 the Captain to him, the Captain lad contradted an ral of our gcntle- rttlcment on the ry friendly trcac- fe and two florc- was a number of lallikans, as fcr- ves of this illand, lie Rulfians, lived ! belonged to the id they are cif'-.i nts when young, f thcfe.who could IS children. They ians at the upper e, and the Oon:i- fixed a capacious principally con- roots and berries, the full and lall 3okcry, by which things palatable, incr as to make it id of pan-pudding ed, which is a to- iay, perh.»ps, oc- ilii in which Hour cept the fuice of their meals, they tcrj and it fccm.'; icy have nothing 1 with fublillcncc, lothing. This is r garment, which :hes down to the :oat or two, a pair bobts, the legs of rong gut, but the n leatncr. Their 1, wore a calico Dthcrs, had Ihirts ipon all the moft hatka and Oona- Ljrs. Their prin- •; but ftins of :n. icir cargoes. We iave had a fcttlc- {hbouring illands; is point from the , this cannot bo oT from time to time arrived here from n 1781. lis illand, they arc noffentive race of f might fcrve as a pattern .«. - * ■K*^. Wi \'J^' w* ■,4" •J*. il Tj" •t*;. /- .r«if. . %k :'8**1 ^: '.Hr'' v;«N: %f' tii' ■■» ,-.. > M- ■*-*:»r ■■■SiidI*. m "?t4i .. •tf':il li ii!."i - ( COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 5P m:m M pattfrn to the moft civiliziil nations. But, from what we faw of their neighbours, with whom the Rullians arc unconncdcd, we liavc fonic doubt whether this wan their original difpofiiioni and arc rather inclined lo l)c of opinion, that it is the conlaiuenLeof their prelciit ftatc of fubjeiition. Indeeil, if wc did not mifunder- lUnd the Rullians, they had been under the neccffity of making fomc feverc examples before they could bring the illandcrs into tolerable order. If fcvcritics were really inflicted at f\d\, the bell extufe for them is, that they have produced the moft beneficial cfi'eds j and, at prcfent, thcgrcatell harmony fublilh between the Ruf- tiansandthe natives. I'hc latter have their own chiefs in each illand, and fcem to enjoy liberty and property without molcftation. Whether they arc tributaries to the KuUlans, or not, we could never learn; but wc had fomc reafon to fuppofe that they arc. The people of Oonalalhka are in general rather low of nature, but plump, and well fliaped. Their necks »rc commonly fluirt, and they have fwarthy chubby faces. They have black eyes, and fni ill beards. Thcirhair is long, black, and fit aight: tin- men wear it loofc behind, and cut before; but the women generally tic it up in a bunch. Thcdrcfsof both fcxcs is the fame with rc- fpct!t to falliion, the only dillcrence is in the materials. The frock worn by the women is made of the Ikins of feals; and that of the men, of the Ikins of bird*; both reach below the knees. This conllitutes the whole drefs of the females. But, over the frock, the men wear another comnofid of fut, which water cannot penetrate; it has a hood to it, uliicii isdrawn over the nrad. Some of them wi.ar bootk; and all of them wear J fort of oval fnoutcdcap, made of wood, with a rim that admits the head. They dye thcfe caps with green and other colours; and round the vipper part of the rim they fix the long brilHcs of r |72 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. diflfcrent nations, prove of courfe that they are of dif- ferent extradion. We faw no offenfivc, nor even dc- fenfive weapon among the natives of Oonalaihka. It can fcarcely be fuppofcd that the Ruflians found them ih fuch a defencclefs Oate ; it is rather to be imagined, .that, for their own fccurity, they havcdifiirmed them. Political motives, likcwife, may have induced the Ruf- fians not to permit thefe illanaers to have any large ca- noes; for we can hardly believe they had none fucn ori- ginally, as we found them among all their neighbours. However, we obfcrved none here except two or three that belonged to the Ruflians. The canoes in ufe among the natives, are fmaller than «ny of ihofe wc had feen upon the coaft of America, from which, however, they differ but little in their coji- Itrudioii. The form of thefe terminates fomewhat abruptly ; the head is forked, and the upper point of the fork projeds without the under one, which is level with the furface of the water. It is remarkable that they Hiould thus conftrudl them, for the fork generally catches hold of every thing that comes in the way ; to prevent which, they fix a piece of fmall ftick from one point to the other. In other rcfpeds they build their canoes after the manner of thofe of the Efquimaux and Greenlandcrs ; the frame being of (lender laths, and the covering of the Ikins of feals. They are about twelve feet in length, eighteen inches in breadth in the mid- dle, and twelve or fourteen inches in depth. They fometimcs carry two perfons, one of w horn fits in the feat, or round hole, which is nearly in the middle ; and the other is Arctched at full length in the canoe. Round this hole is a rim or hoop of wood, about which gut- (kin is fewed, which can be drawn together, or opened like a purfe, with leathern firings fitted to the outer edge. The man fits in this place, draws the flcin tight about his body over his gut-frock, and brings the ends of the thongs, or purfe-itrings, tight round his wrifis; and it being dole round his neck, and the hood being drawn over his head, where his cap confines it, water cannot eafily penetrate, either into the canoe, or to his body. If, however, any water fiiould find means to in- finuatc itfelf, t!' boatman dries it up with a piece of fpunge. He makes ufe of a double-bladed paddle, which is held with both hands in the middle, linking the water fird on one fide, and then on the other, with a quick regular motion. Thus the canoe is impelled at a great rate, and in a diredion perfe, they were the only fort of fifli, except cod, that wc ob- ferved to be laid up for their winter (lore. Seals, and all that tribe of fea animals, are not fo numerous as they arc in many other feas. Nor can this be thought furprizing, fincc there is hardly any part of the coalV, on either continent, nor any of thefe illands, fituate be- tween them, but what is inhabited, and whofe inhabi- tants hunt thefe animals for their food and clothing. Sea-horfes are, indeed, to be found in prodigious num- bers about the ice; and the fca-otter is fcarcc any w here to be met with but in this fea. An animal v.as fometimes feen by us, that blew after the manner of whales. It had a head refcmbling that of a feal. It was larger than that animal, and its colour was white, with dark fpots intcrfperfed. This was perhaps the manati, or fea-cow. Water fowls are neither found here in fuch numbers, nor in fuch variety, as in the northern parts of the At- lantic Ocean. However there arc fome in thefe paru, that we do not recoiled to have feen in other countries; particularly theaica monochroa of Stcllcr, and a black and white deck, which we judge to be difforcnt from the fione-duck that Kra(hcninikoff has dcfcrilwd in his Hiftory of Kamtfchaika. All the other birds we faw are mentioned by this author, except (ome which wc obferved near the ice ; and the grcatcft part of thefe, if not all, have been defcribed by Martin, in his voyage to Greenland. It is (bmewhat extraordinary, that pen- guins, which are fo frequently met within many pans of the world, fiiould not be found in this fea. Alba- troffes too are extremely fcarcc here. The few land birds feen by us arc the fame with thofe of L.uropcj but there were probably many others which we had tiu opportunity of obferving. A very beautiful bird was fiiot in the woods at Norton Sound; which, we undir- fiand, is fometimes found in England, and known by the appellation of chatterer. Our people faw other finall birds there, but in no great abundance or variety; fuch as the bullfinch, the wood-pecker, the yellow- finch, and tit-moufe. Ourexcurfionsand obfervations being c^ nfincd to the fea coaft, we cannot be expeded to have much know- ledge of the animals or vegetables of the country. There are few other infedls bclidcs mufqiiitoes, and sve faw few reptiles except li/ards. There are no deer at Oonalafiika, or any of the neighbouring iOandsi nor are there any domcftic animals, not even dogs. Wea- fcls and foxes were the only quadrupeds we obferved ; bjt the natives told us, that thev had likcwife hares, and the marmottas mentioned by Krallicninikoff. Hence it appears, that the inhabitants procure the preateft (hare of their food from the fea and rivers. They are alfo imiebtcd to the fea fci all the wood which they ufe for building, and other nccclTary purpofcs; as there is not a tree to be feen growing upon any of the iflands, nor upon the neis^hbouring coaft of the con- tinent. The (teds of plants are faid to be conveyed, by various means, from one part of the world to ano ther; even to iflands lying fn the midft of extcn(ive oceans, and far diftant from any other lands. It is therefore remarkable, that then' are no trees growing on this part of the American continent, nor upon any of the adjacent ifles. They are doubtlcfs as well (ituatcd for receiving feeds, by the various ways wc hav.' heard of, as thofe coafts which have plenty of wood. Nature has, pethaps, denied to fome foils the power of raifing trees, without the afliftance of art. With rcfped to the drift-wood, upon the fiiorcs of thefe iflands, wc have no doubt of its coming from America, For though there may be none on rhe neijjhbouring coaft, a fuflkient quantity may gro' / farther up the coun- try, which may be broken Itofe by torrents ifi the fpring, and broiijght down to the fea i and not a little may be convcyetf from the woody coafts, though fiti -. 4 atcd (^^^INSIDE^^^^HOUSE>gy^^^MQRAI,^ATOO ^:" OONALASHKA. jMinJUti* 4J iKMt>rjaf>f mHlUJayxAmf,Aff4 # ^MbnwwiinrA#M* , ■^3^^Bt;-^'■■ COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 573 •ted at a more confidcrablc dillance. But plants arc to be found in great variety .it Oonalaflika. Several of them arc fuch as we meet witli in Europe, and alfo in Newfoundland, and other parts of America; and others of them, which arc likewife found in Kamtf- chatka, are eaten by the natives both there and here. Of thcfe, Kraflicninikoff has favoured us with defcrip- tions. The principal one is the Sarannc, or lily root ; which is about as large as a root of garlick, round, and compofcd of a number of fmall cloves and grains. When boiled it foniewhat refcmblcs faloop; the tafte of it is not difagreeablc. It docs not appear to be in great abundance. Among the food of the natives we may reckon fomc other wild roots; the ftalk of a plant not unlike angelica; and berries of diircrent fpccics, fuch as cranberries, hurtle-berries, bramble-berries, ailflMheath-berrics : befuics a fmall red berry, which, in Newfoundland, is denominated partridge berry; and another brown berry, with which we were unac- quainted. This has fomewhat of the tarte of a doe, but is dirterent from it in every other rcfpedt. When eaten in a confidcrablc quantity it is very aftringcnt. Brandy may be diHilicd from it. Captain -Clerke en- deavoured to prcfervc fome; but they fermented, and became as ftrong as if they had been ftccped in fpirits. There were fevcral plants which were fcrviccable to us, but arc not-ufed either by the Ruffians or natives, fuch as wild puiilain; pea-tops ; a kind of fcurvy grafs; crcilcs ; and lomc others. On the low ground, and in the valleys is plenty of grafs, which grows very thick, and to a great length. Among the inhabitants, native fulphur was fcen, but we had no opportunity of learn- ing where they got it. Wc found alio ochre ; a flonc that gives a purple colour ; and another that gives a very good green. In its hatural ftate it is of a grcyifli green colour, coarfe, and heavy. It dilfolves calily in oil, but it entirely lofes itsproperties when put into water. It ieemcd tobefcarcc in Oonalaflika, but, we were told, it was in greater plenty in the iiland of Oonemak, The inhabitants of Oonalallika bury their dead on the fuirmits of hills, and niifc a little hillock over their ^laves. There was one of thefe receptacles of the dead by the fide of the road leading from the harbour to the village, over which was raiftd a heap of flones. It was obllrveii th..t every one who pafTed it added one to It. In the country, wc faw fevers! Uonc hi!U)cks, that fccmed to have been raifed by art; and inanyof them were apparently of great antiquity. Thcfe people are remarkably cheaiful and friendly among each other; and alvva\s behaved with great civility to us. The RulfiaMs told us, that they never had any con- nections with their women, bccaufe they were not Chriftians. Our people were not fo fcriipulous ; and fomc of them had rcalbn to repent thr.t the females of Oonalafhka encouraged their addrefibs without any refervc; for their health futTcrcd by a diftcinpcr that is not unknown here. We have had occafion to mention frequently, from the time of our arrival in Prince William's Sound, how remarkably the natives on this noith-wefl fide of Ame- rica, refcmblc the Greenlanders and Efquimcaux, in various particulars of perfon, drefs, weapons, canoes, and the like. We were, however, much Icfs f^ruck with this, than with the aliinity fubfilling between the dialcdsof the Greenlanders and Efquimaux, andthofe of Oonalafhka and Nortofi's Sound. But wc mufl obferve, with refpedt to the words which were collcdled by us on this fide of America, that too much flrefs is not to be laid upon their being accurately rcprcfented; for, after the death of Mr. Anderfon, we had few who look any great degree of pains about fuch matters ; and we have often found that the fame word, written down by two or more perfons, from the mouth of the fame native, differed confiderably, on being compared to- gether. Neverthelcfs, enough is certain to author!":, this judgment, that there is great reafon to fuppofc, that all thefe nations are of the fame extradion; and if that be the cafe, there is little doubt of there being a northern communication by fca, between the weflern fide of America, and the eaflern fide, through Baffin's Bay; which communication, however, is perhaps ef- fcflually fliut up againfl fhips, by ice, and other ob- flriKflions; fuch, at Icafl, was Captain Cook's opinion at this time. In thefe parts the tides are not very confidcrablc, except in Cook's River. The flood comes from the S. or S. E. following the dircdion of the coafl to the N. W. Betw cen Cape Prince of Wales and Norton Sound wc found a current fetting towards the N. W. particu- larly off that Cape, and within Sledge Iiland. This current, however, extended but a little way from the coafl, and was neither confident nor uniform. To the N. of Cape Prince of Wales, we obfervcd neither tide nor current, cither on the coall of America, or that of Afia. This circumflancc gave rife to an opi- nion, which fomc of our people entertained, that the two coaf\s were conneded either by land or ice; and that opinion received fome degree of flrength, from our never having any hollow waves from the north- ward, and from our feeing ice almoft the whole way acrofs. From the fevcral obfervations made during our continuance in the harbour of Samganoodha, its latitude is 53 de^. 5 min. N. and its longitude 19J deg. 29 mil). 45 fee. CHAP. XIII. 77v Ri/ohilioii ail J Difiovny lake their lieparliire from Stim^aitooJba Harbour, in the ijlaiid of0onal,ijhka — Saii.lu'tib IjLwdi Ike appoi'ilfil jilace of reiiJiZvoiis—Pa/} die ijland of Amoghta — The ftratl ielZireH Oonalajhku and Ooiirlia rrpajlcd— Rioi lo ihe Sniilh — One man killed, and others ivoioided, on board the Difcovoy — Mou'ee, one of ihe SarMvich ulonds de- fcried — Avifil from a chi'f, named Tirreeohoo — Another ijland, called Oivbybee, dijcovered — The crew refii/'e lo drink fu- f^ar-rane li(/iwr — The cordage in the navy and merchants fervice compared — Vavourable accoitnl of the naliies qfOidiyhee — The Refolution ^els lo the ivimlward of the ijland — Is joined by the Difcruery — The two /hips cKcbor in Karakakooa Bay, after it had been examined by Bii^h — /;/ the interim, mullitudts of the ijknders arefeen, anil vi/its receivedfrom many o/lhrm — harakakooa Bay defcribed — The /hips fiirroiinded by the natives — Defpolic authority of the chiefs over them— A vijit from Koah—The Morai at Kakona defcribed — Offering made to Captain Cook — Obfervalories ereiled — The ground on ivhhh they arc placed tabooed — Mt-thod of curing meat in tropical climates. feparation, Sandwich Iflands being appointed for the firll place of rendezvous; and for the fecond, Petro- paulowlka, in Kamtfchatka. Having got out of the harbour, the wind veered to the S. h. with which wc were carried to the w eftcrn part of Oonalaflika, by the evening. We had here the wind at S. and ftretched to the weftward. On Tuefday the 27th, at feven o'clock A, M. we wore, and flood to the E. The wind h«d now fo greatly incrcafed, as to reduce us to our three cour- fes. It blew in heavy fqualls, accompanied with fnow, hail, and rain. On the 28th, in the morning, Oona- 7F U)9»k» ON Monday, the ^(^t\\ of Odobcr, we failed lioin S.imganoodha harbour, when, the wind being foutherly, we Itood to the wcllward. The Commodore's intention was to proceed to Sand- wich lllands, in order to pals a few of the winter Qiontlis there, if we Ihould meet with the ncccfTary rcfrcnimcnts, and then dircdt our courfe to Kamt- li hatVa, fo as to endeavour to arrive th.'e by the mid- dle of May, in the enfuing ^ear. This being deter- mined on, the Commodore delivered into the hands of Captain Clcrkc inftru«^ions how to proceed in cafe of. No. 70. 57+ Capt. C O O Ks VOYAGES COMPLETE. lallika bore S. E. four leagues dillant. Wc now flood to the weft ward; but, towards evening, the wind, after it had for a fliort time abated, got inlenfibly to the N E. incrcafing to a very hard gale, accompanied with rain : we therefore fteercd firft to the fouthward, and then, as the wind inchned to the N. and N. W. more vcfterly. On Thuriday the 26th, at half-paft fix, A. M. land was defcried, fuppofed to be the ifland of Amoghta. At eight, finding it not in our power to weather the ifland, wc gave over plying, and bore away, with the view of going to the N. of Oonalaftika, not prefuming in fo hard a gale of wind to attempt a paflagc to the S. E. of it. When we bore away, the land extended from E. by S, half S. to S. S. \V. diftant four leagues. Our lat. was 53 deg. 38 min. and our long. 191 dcg. 17 min. which gives a very iliflcrcnt fituation to this illand from that ailigncd to it upon the KuOian map; and Captain Cook was at a lofs to determine whetlier it was Amoghta or not; but on the chart. Krenitzen's and LevailictV's voyage, in 1768 and 1769, an illand called Amuckta is laid down, not very far from the place here alligned to Amogiita by Captain Cook. As we were fteernig to the N. E. at 1 1 o'clock wc difcovcrcd a rock, elevated like a tower, bearing N. N. K. about four leagues dillant, and lituated in lat. 53 deg. 57 min. long. 191 dcg. 2 min. This rock is not marked in the Rulhan map, pro- duced by Ifniylolf; yet it has a place in the chart of Krenitzen's and l^'vallieti's voyage. That chart aifo agrees with Captain Cook's, as to the general polition of this group ol illarids. The lingularly indented lliores of the ifland of Ooiiaiafhka, arc reprcfented in both charts nearly alike. Thde circumflanccs are worthy of notice, m the more modern Rullian maps of this Ar- chipelago are fo exceedingly erroneous. .\t three in the afternoon, we had in view Oonalalhka; upon which we fliortoned fail, and hauled the wind, being unable to 1 un through the palFage before night. Friday, the :oih, we had a very hard gale at W. N. W. with heavy Ljualls and fnow, infonuich that wc were compelled to bear away under courfcs, and clofe-recfed top-fails. At nonn, we were about the middle of the ftrait, between Oona- laflika and Oonella, the harbour of Samganoodha, bear- ing S. S. E. one league diftant. At three o'clock, P. M. wc were through the ftrait, and clear of the ifles. Cape Providence bearing W. S. W. diftant three leagues. On Sunday, the i ft of November, the wind was fa- vourable, and wc ftood to fea. The weather was fairer than it had been at any time fince we cleared Samga- noodha Harbour, as it is called by the Ruflians.or Pro- vidence Bay, as it was named by Captain Cook. On the 2d, the wind was at S. and, in the evening, blew a vio- lent ftorm, which occafioned us to bring to. Several guns were tired by the difcovery, w hich wc immediately anfwcred. We loft light of her at eight o'clock; nor did flic join us till ten the next morning, being the 3d. On Saturday the 7th, in lat. 42 dcg. 1 2 min. long. 201 dcg. 26 min. E. a fliag, or cormorant. Hew often round the fliip. As it is not common for thcll* kind of birds to go far from land, wc concluded there might be fomc at no great diftancc, though we did not difcoverany. Having but little wind. Captain Gierke came on board with fome melancholy intelligence. He informed us, that the fecond night after we had departed from Pro- vidence Bay, or Samganoodha, the main-tack of the Difcovery gave way, by which accident John Mackin- rt)fti, feaman, was ftruck dead, and ihc boatfwain, with three other mariners, much wounded. He added, that on the 3d, his fliip having fprung a leak, and the rig- ging received contiderablc damage, he fired fome guns as a fignal for the Kelblution to bring to. On the 8th we were favoured with a gcnde breeze at N. attended with clear weather. On the 9th, we had eight hours calm ; to which fuccceded a wind from the S. accom- panfcd with fair weather. Such of our people as could handle a needle, were now employed to repair the fails; and the carpenters were dirc to do. On V\'cdncfday the ■?oth, we began to be in want, but a calm prevented us from approaching the (liore. A breeze, however, fprung up at midnight, which enabled us to Hand in for land, at day-break, of the \\l\. At ten o'clock A. M. the illaiiders vilited us, bringing with them a quantity of fruit and roots, but only three fimll pigs. This fcanty fupply was, prrh.ips, owing to our not having purchafcd what they lately brought oH": yer, forthe purpofes oftrartic, wc brought to, but were in- terrupted Ihortly with an exccflive rain i and, indeed, wc were too far from the Ihorc ; nor could wc venture to go nearer, as wc could not, for a moment, depend upon the wind's continuing where it was. The fwell too was extremely high, and let obliquely upon the tlmrc, where it broke in a moft frightful furf. Wc had tine weather in the evening, and pafl'cd the night in mak- ing boards. On Friday, the ift of January, the at- ^ j» mofphere was laden with heavy clouds; ' * '''* and the New Year was ufhcred in with a heavy la'n. We had a light breeze foutherly, with fome calnv . At ten, therainccafed, {helky tiecame clear, arwl the wind frcHicned. Being now alxiut four or five miles from the Ihore, fome canoes arrived with hogs, fruit, and roots. Wc traded till three in the afternoon; when, Iwing pretty well fupplied, wcmade fad, in order to prc- ceed to the leelidc of the ifland, in fearch of the Dif- covery. We H retched to the ealtw aid till midnight, when the wind favoured us, and wc went ujx)n the other tack. The and, rived from the northward, from whence we were fup- plicd with fome hogs and roots, On Friday, the 1 5th, we had variable light airs till five in the afternoon, when a breeze fprung up at E N. £, aad ewtblcd us to fleer No. 70. along (hore to the northward. This day the weather was remarkably fine, and wc had plenty of company ; many of them continued with us all night, and their canoes were towed adern. On the i6th, at day-break, feeing the appearance of a bay, the boats from both fliips were fent out to examine it; for we were informed there was a harbour, wherein we might ( >ltly moor, and where we fliould be fupplied with n\.\ccriuls to refit the fliips, and provifions to vidua! them. In the even- ing the boats returned with the to) lul news, that thej had fucceeded in their fcarch, and that the harbour pro- mifcd fair to anfwer all that had been faid of it. While our boats were employed in '.owing the fliips into the bay, we had a vic« of the greatcfl number of fpedtators in canoes, and on (horc, that we had ever fcen alfcm- blcd together in any place during this voyage. It waH concluded that their number could not be Icfs thsn a or 3,000. While hovering on the coall, we had fome- tinics been vi(ited by joo canoes at a time, who came to trade, and who brought us provifions when the weather would permit: we likewifc obtainctl from them great quantities of cordage, fait, and divr -s other manufac- tures of the ifland, which the Commodore purchafed for the ufe of the (hips, and without which we could not well have proceeded; for during the blowing wea- ther, our cordage fnapped rope after rope, fo that our (pare hands were employed inceflantly, in knotting and (plicing. In thccourfeof thisday, we were attended by, at lead, i ,000 canoes, crouded with people, and laden with hogs, and other articles to barter. Wc were perfedly convinced of their peaceable intentions, not a fingle pcrfon having a weapon of any fort with him. .Among fuch numbers as we had frequently on board, it might be experted, that fom? of them would difcover a thievifli difpolition. One of them made oiF with a boat's rudder, and was not dcteded till it was too late to recover it. The Commodore imagined this to be a proper opportunity to (hew thefe iflanders the ufe of our fire arms. Two or three mufquets, and as many four pounders were, by his orders, (ired over the canoe which went away with the rudder : but it not be- ing our intention, that the (hot fliould take elfctft, the furrounding multitude were more furprized than terri- fied. At tlic approach of night, the mod confider- ablc part of our vilitors retired to the (horc ; but many at their own earned requefl, were permitted to fleep on board: but we had good reafon to think, thatcuriofity, at lead with fome of them, was not the only motive; forthenext morning feveral articles were mifling, in confequence of which orders were given, not to permit fo many to day with us on any future night. On Sun- day the 17th, by eleven o'clock A. M. we were fafely moored, in company with the Difcovcry, in 1 8 fathoms water. The bay where we lay at anchor, called by the natives Karakakooa, is a convenient harbour; and hav- ing fuifered much in our mads and rigging, we were happy at laft to find fo proper a place to refit, Wc cad anchor within a quarter of a mile of the N. E. fliore ; the fouth point of the bay bearing S. by W. and the north point W. half N. After wc were moored the (hips continued to be much crouded with the na- tives, and furroundcd by a vad multitude of them, belides hundreds that, like fifli, were fwimming about the two fliips. We were ftruck with the Angularity of this fcene, and particularly pleafcd with enriching our voyage, with this important new difcovcry, owing t9 the opportunity of thus revifiting Sandwich Iflands, and in confequence of not having fucceeded in finding a northern palTagc homeward. The bay of Karakakooa is fituatcd in the diftridl of Akona, on the weft fide of the ifland of Owhyhec. It extends about a mile in depth, and is bounded by two points of land, bearing S. E. and N. W. from each other, at the didance of half a leigue. The north point is flat and barren, on which is fituatcd the village of Kowrowa. A more confidcrable village ftands at the bottom of the bay, called Kakooa, near a grove of ftately cocoa-trees. A high rocky clilT, inaccefllble from the fea fliore, runs between them. Near the coa/1, on the fouth fidcj the bnd has a rugged appear. f 9 aoce; 'ff 57^ Capt. C () (» K's VOYAGES C () M I' L E T E. ancci beyond which the country riles gradually, and alxjunds with cultivated inrlofurca, and (jrovca ot tcx oa- trccs. The habitations of the people arc fcattcred about in great plenty. Round the bay the Hiorc is covered with a black coral rock, except at Knkooa, wliere there is an excellent fandy bench, with a Morai at one ex- tremity, and a fpringof t'reih water at the other. 1 he natives perceiving our intention to anchor in the b.ij', came olF, as we have before obfervcd, in allonillung numbers, cxprelTing their joy by (inf^ing, llioutini;, and the nioft extravagant gertures. The decks, fides, and rigging of our lliips were covered with them. Wo- men and boys, who were unable to procure canoes, amufed themfelves the whole day in playing in the water. One of the chiefs who vifited us, was n.initd Pareca. Though a young man, \vc loon (lii'covcrcd him to beapcrfon of great authority. I le told C\\i)- tain Cook that he was jakanec to the fovercirn ot the ifland, who was then on a mihtarv expedition at. Mowee; from whence he was cxpeclid to ntiuii in a few days. Sonic prefents from the ( oinnKHloic at- tached him to our intcreft, and wo found him ex- tremely ufeful. Before we had been long at anchor, the Pill Dvery had fo many [icople hanging on one lide, that llie was fcen to heel contidorably ; and our ijicpie found it impotliWe to prevent ttie cio'.vel-; Iniin piclF- ing into her. Appnhenlivc that Ihe mi;;lit rc ill;'nd exer ife a moll defpotic power over the commonalty. An in- llancc liinilar to this happened on board tlic kifolu- lion; where the crowd fo liir impelled tiie ordmirv b.i- finefs of the fliip, that \vc found it nccellary to apply to Kancena, another chief, who had alfoattaihed liim- felf particularly to Captain Cook, The inconvcivence we fufli'red was no frwner mentioned, than he oidiinl the natives to quit the velTcl immediately ; when, with- out a moment's hcfitation, we fav them all jump om.-i- board, except one perfon who loitered behind, and by his manner exprellbd fome dcgr . of unwillingnels to obey. Kaneenaohferving this coitempt of hi.s auiho- ritv, took hold of him immediately, and threw him headlong into the fea. 'I'hefe two chiefs were exceed- ingly well proportioned, and had countenances remark- ably plealing. Kancena was as line a figure as we hail ever ieen. His height was about fix feet, his features were regular and exprelTivc, his deportment was ealy, firm, and gr.iceful, and he had lively dark eyes. Men- tion has already been made, that while we were cniif- ingotf" this illand, the inhabitants had acted l.iiily aiul honcllly, without maniterting the lealV propeiility to theft; which was the more remarkable, becaule tliofe \^■ith whom we had hitherto had any dealings were peo- ple of the lowefl rank, fuch as lilhcrmen and fervants: but the cafe was now quite altered. The multitude of iflandcrs who blocked up the fliips, atVorded an opjwr- tunity of pilfering without danger of difcovery, and even if difcovered, mull have cfcapcd with impunity from our inferiority of number, ib the encourage- ment of their chiefs, this alteration might alio be at- tributed; for, as we frequently traced the booty to fome ^reatmen who had it in their pollctFion, there is little doubt but thcfe depredations were made at their inlh- gation. When the Refolution had got into her ftation, the two chiefs, Pareca, and Kanecna, brought a third on board, whofc name was Koah. He was reprcfented to us as a prieft, and one who, in his early time of life, had diftinguiflied himfclf as a warrior. He was a little old emaciated figure, having (ore red eyes, and his body covered with a leprous fcurf, occafioncd by the .immoderate ufe of the Ava. Being conducted to the cabin, he approached the Commodore with the greateft deference, threw a piece of red cloth over his (boulders, ' and retreating a few paces, made an oflbring of a fmall pig, at the fame time pronouncing a difcourfeof a con- (iderable length. This ceremony, diiring our continu- ance acOwhyhce, was often repealed, and, from a va- riety of cireumllunccs, appeired to us to be a kind of religious adoration. Ked cloth is what their idoU arc arrayed with, and a pig is their common nlliring to the lutooas. At the conclulion of this ceremony, Kcah (hned with us, and eat heartily of what was prov.iltil l(>r the table; but, like moll of the illandrrs in tlu-le feas, he could hardly be indiieed to talle our wine or fpirits a lecond time. In the evening, ilie Cummoilurr, Mr. King, and Mr. Ilaiiev, accompanied liim on lliorc. .\s fooii as we landed on the heath, we «ere preceded by lour men, bearing ea. h a wand tipj)'(l wiih dog's, hair, ami pronouncing wiih a loud voice, a liiort len- ience. The crowd which had allembled on the lliore, retired at our approat h, and not an iiuiividiial was to be fecn, except a lew pel Ions mI.o Iv.ul proll rated tiuin. Hives on the ground, near the habitaiioiis oJ ilie adjj. cent vili.ige. IVtvioiis to our account of the peculiar ceremonies ivlpetling the lunivige paid to Captain Cook, it may , not be iiniicceirary to ileft nlntlie Morai. already men. j tioiied, litu.ited on the bcaeli ot Kakoo.i. It conlilis of ; a Iquare folid pile ot Ibjnos, 40 yards in length, zu ■ l:i('.id, and 14 leet high. 'Ihe top of it is tlat, anil it is I liiiiouiuleil w lib a wooden railing, whereon are difplayid ilie Ikiill.s ot thole natives who h,iil been facniiceil on the death of their chiefs. A ruinous woiiden building is li'.iiated in the center of the area, coniui.ied with tlie r.iiniig by a Hone wall, div.ilmg ilie wlole fparc into t*'o parts, live poles, about :o leet hij^h, (upimiteil an ii regular kind ol li all'oid, on the lide 111 xt the toiin- ir) i ami on that towards the lea, were t«o fmall luiu- Ics, with a cdvered tommiinicaiion. To tlie top of tins |iile we "ere ( ondiicted by Kn.ih. At our entrance wc l.i'.v iwi) Luge wooden i ma ;>,cs, with moll dilloncd iVa- tiires, haviiiira lon[j|iicceot wood ol a conical form, in- vcrte.l, piO' eeding Irom the to;) ol their heads. Here Capt.iin Cook was received by ,1 tail young man, ha\iiig a long beard, who prefentc.i him to the iiinf;rs. and < liaiited a kind of h\ mn in which he was aiiilled by koah. \Vc were then led to th.it lide ol the Moi.ii where the poles were erected; at the too: of wliiih 11 Im.iges were erc'ted, and ranj;cd in the ti)rm of a I'.ini. circle ; the middle li|;ure having a high table bet'oie it, like the W iiaita ofOtaheite, on which we law a putrid hog. and under it fome cocoa-nut.s, plantains, pot '.tc-s, liri .1,1-11 ;iit, and pieces of fiigar-cane. tlaptain Cook was I ondii:(ed under this Hand by Koah; 'who, iMviivr took down the hog, held it toward, him; when haviiij; ag.iin addrelied him in a long and vehement fpeeeh, he lultired It to f.ill lo the ground, and afcended the fcaf- f lid with him, though every moment in danger of fall- ing. \Vc no-.v beheld, advancing in folemn procelfi.jij, and enieri.i;.; the top of the Mor.ii, ten men bearing a live hog, and a piece of red cloth of conliderable di- iiienlioiis. .\dvancing a few paces they Hopped, and prollrat.d themfelves; and Kaireekeea, the tall young man already mentioned, apjiroaching them, received the cloth, and carried it to Koah, who wrapped it round the Commodore, and made him an olfering of the hog. '("he Commodore was now aloft, in a litua- tion truly whimlical, beinji; fwathcd in reil cloth, and hardly able to keep his hold on the rotten fcall'olding. In this lituation he was entertained with the chanting of Koah and Kaireekeea, fomctimes alternately and fomc- times in concert. After this fervice was performed, which was of confiderablc duration, Koah let the hog drop; upon which he immediately defcended witli Captain Cook. He then conducted him to the images jiilt meiv.ioncd, to e.ach of which he exprelle,! hinilelf in a fiieering tone, and fnapped his lingers at them as he palFed. Me then prcfented him to that in the cen- tre, which, from its being hal)4tcd in red cloth, appeared to be in the highell ellimation. Deforc r^i'' 'iguic Koah fell prollrate, and reqiielVed of Capt.-in o.ik to do the fame; which he readily fubmitted to, .iig determined to follow Koah's dired^ions throtiiT;hour ■ ■.: whole of a ridiculous ceremony, in which hi. ciiriolirv and vanity were equally gratilied.. We wer;' no\-' conveyed inro the other divilion of the Morai, whr-re a Ipace of -dxiut 1 1 feet fquarc was funk three feet bciov. tht level of the 3 area. irf'; -srf^.; .^m '.■^i:> ^•^': ... >: > COOK'S THIRD r.nd LAST VOYA^JE^To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 579 area. When we had tkfccnded into this, the Commo- dore was fcatcd immediately bciwcta the two idols, oije of his arms being fupporccd by Koah, and the other by Mr. King. A fccond proceffion of natives at this time arrived with a halved hogi a pudding,. feme cocoa-nu^% bread fruit, and other vegetables. As they drew near, Kaircckcca placed himfelf before them, and prcfchtCd the hog to the Commodore in the ufual manner, chant- ing as beforci and his companions making regular re- fponfps; but wc obfervcd their fpeechcs and rcfponfcs grew gradually lliorter, and, towards thp, conclufion, Kaireekcea's did not exceed three or four words, which was anfwered by the word Orono. This was a common appellation among the natives. Sometimes it was ap- plied by them to an invilibic being, iniiabiting heaven; at others it was ufcd as a title of high rank in ihc illand. At the conclufion of this oflcring, the naiives fcatcd tjicmfclvcs fiontinp: us, and began to cut up the baked hog, to break the cocoa nuts, and to peel the vegetables. Othcjs were employed in chewing the Ava.and making the liquor in the fame manner as it is extr.iclcd and donear the I'ricndlyliies. Kaircckcca then chewed part of the kernel of a coco.iniit, and wrapped it in a piece of cloth, with which he rubbed the Capt,>in'.s he.nl, lace, hand-s arms and flioulders. The Ava was al'tijr.warils handed rounti, and when we had all tailed it, Koah and I'.ireea pulled the tlefli of the horoper (ituation ; by which means the watcrers, and other working parties, on ftiore, might be fupcrintcnded and protcifled. When we hnd found a convenient fpot for this purpofe, almolt in the icntrc of the village, Parcca oflercd to exercifc his power in our behalf, and propofcd that fomc houfcs Ihould l)c taken, that our obfervations might not be ob- ftrudcd. This friendly ofter, however, was declined, and wc made choice of a potatoc field adjoining to the Morai, which was readily granted, and to prevent the intrufion of the natives, the place was confecrated by the pricils, who placed their wands round the wall jvhich enclofed it. This intcrdidtion the natives call taboo, a term frequently repeated by thefc iflandcrs, and fcemcd to Ik a word of cxtcnfivc meaning. In this in- t^ancc, it procured us more privacy than wc could have wiflied. Not any canoes attempted to land near us; the natives only fat on the wall, not daring to come within the jtaboocd fp.ace, without permiflion from us. The. men. indeed, at? our requcft, would bring provi- fions into the field ; btit our utmoft endeavours were in- ctFcdlual to induce the wonri^n to give us. their ^pm- pany. Prefcnts were tHed, but without fuccefs. Wc endeavoured to prevail on Parcea and Koah to Bring them : the Eatooa and Terreeoboo they faid would kill them if they did. This circumflance afforded great amufemcnt to thofc on board, whither nuiltitudes of people, women particularly, flocked in flioals, infomtfch that they were frequently obliged to cl(:ar the vcflc1,^in order to have room to perform th.eir necelFary duties. Tvvoorthrcc hundred women were fomctimcs obliged to throw thcmfelvcs into the water, where they contmued to fwini and play, till they could be re-admittcJ, On the 19th Parcca and Koah left us, in ortier to attend Terreeoboo, who had landed on a dirtarit part of tht: ifland. Nothing material happened onjhoard, till Sun- d.iy, the 24th. The caulkers were cmpk /cd on the fuics of the lliip, and the riggin;.'; wa.s rcp;iirtd. The faking of hogs was alio a prmcipal object of the Com- modore's attention ; and as we had improved in thfs operation fincc the foriner voyages, a detail hereof the procefs of it may not be thought improper. To cure the ih[\\ of animals in tropical climates, by faltinjj, h.\i long been thought impracticable; putrc faction m'aK- in^ fo ni|)id a progrcfs, as not to allow the f.ilt to take e'lcil Ixibre the meat gets tainted. Captain Cook ap- pears to have been the full navigator who has attempted to ui.ike experiments relative to this bufincfs. IJis lirlt attempts in 1774, in his fccond voy.agc to the Pacific Ocean, fo far fuccceded, as to convince him of the erroi^ of the vulgar opinion; and as his prefent voynge \Vas likely to be protracted a year beyond the time that pro- viliona had been fupplicj lor the fiiips, he was obliged to contrive fome method of procuring fuMillenrc for tlieciews, or relinquifli the profecution of his difcovc- rics. Me therefore renewed his attempts, and his inofl: liuiguinc expedations were completely a'itlwercd. The liogs we cured were of various fizcs, from four to ten or twelve (tone, fourteen pounds to the (lone. They were always killed in the afternoon; and, after fc.tlding oif the hair, and removing the entrails, the pig or hog was cut into pieces, from four to eight pounds each, .Tud the liones taken out of the legs and chines; in the larger hogs, the ribs were alfo taken out. The pieces were then examined circumfpc(ftly, and wiped, and the coagul.ued blood taken from the veins. After this they were given to the filters before they were cold ; and having been well rubbed with fait, they were placed in a heap on a ftage in the open air, covered with phmks, and prefled with very heavy weights. The next even- ing they were .again well wiped, and carefully examined, when the fufpicious parts were taken away. This done, they vvcre put into a tub of rtrong pickle ; after which they wer-: examined once or twice a day; and if it hap- pened that any one piece had not taken the fait, which may be difcovercd by the fmell of the pickle, they were inltantly taken out and examined again, the found pie- ces being put intofrcfii pickle. This, however, did not often happen. At the end of fix days, they were exa- mined for the laft time; and after being flightly prelTed, they were put into barrels, having a thin layer of fait between them. Mr. King brought home fomc barrels of this pork, that had been pickled at Owhyhce, in Ja- nuary, 1779, which was tailed in England, nrarChnlt- mas, 1780, by fevcral gentlemen, who were all unani- mous in their opinion, that it was perfedtly found, fweet, and wholefomc food. We have been informed by Mr. Mancouvcr, a Midlhipmanon board the Difcovery, and afterwards Lieutenant of the Martin floop of war, that he tried the method here recommended, both with Englirti and Spanidi pork, during a cruife in the Spa- nifii main, A. D. 17S3, and it fuccceded beyond his ex. pedations. ,., , ... , '.V '.•■;.' 1* -^.-jjjrtu, uiK I ■' l!. afftt.' U 'I \ :■'. ■■•■i.,.. . ^ *- CHAP. '#■ P: MtP\ •)&,-ilH)t1'. Hue /'"riin ftr jj ■TTWiKifllTir. t ':r, ,«-oir;i-»r; '■»• ■ n' -. lii. 1 J89 Capt. C K's ,.(, [9. ;.)•;, .1, vrr- -v'-l"".'!'!; ■'*"'l'' ' ("■■.V .' ■1 * 1/1! 1; yv:-> \ .C ■■ H VO ^Y .A-G ES C O.M P L E T E.r.v.K.^ u,^ ,^,,„ ' J I. l i > U!l I Jl l in » '< l iJ B W ji* '...inr i r !> ni" ! ! '^ ' .. ii!'(, ■-]* ' "-".>". M ' " !' I ....,, , >| ^^., ■ : _ , , ■ 'lo ,.,t„) .jHi la T(.i -.:;] Socith o/prle/is di/revereJ i^ aecideitt—Out'reeepl'toHVf Ihem^MeOHarnfice ofto\iV--:A'^rival()f''Tsrreedk^%iii^-^f'iy i/lanJ—The Buy taiooeif on that Dcca/ion — Thdnbaliilahti Inughltoabedifnce — Ahmarknbltcerenumy—yijit from ihekiiif •^Relumed by Captain Cook — The civility of the natives, zvbo are 'inucb addiHed to thieving — TWr readivrfs tit condiininf Me of 9ur parties up the comiry — A boxing match difcribed — Death of fyHlinm Jf^alman, afeaman — Behaviour of the priejU at his funeral — The railing and images on the Morai ptirchafed — The natives inquifitive about our departure ; and their opinion refpef/ing the objcii of our voyage— Pre fents from the king to Captain Cook — The Refolution and Difcmery qitil the ijlands but the former being damaged by a gale oftvind, they are obliged td return — The behaviour of the ijlaudcrs Wf our comng again to anchor in Karakakooa Bay, fmHewbat m\fleritus—A theft committed on board the Difcovery, and its confeaiiences— The thieves purfued up the country— Scujjle between the natives and our people — The pinnace attacked and plundered — The crew obliged to quit her — Captain Cook's refrflions on the occafion — Attempt made at the Obfervalory-m The Difcwery's cutter flolcn — Means ufidfor its recovery — Captain Cook goes onjhore to invite the king and his two fans en board — His wife and the chiefs oppofe his inclination to go tvitb the Commodore — A conteft arifes on this occafion — Intelligence arrives of a chief having been killed by one of our people— 'life alarming confequences — A chief threatens Captain Cook, and is Jhit fy him — A general attack enfues — The melancholy catajlrophe — Our Commodore isflabbed in the back, and falls mik his face into thewater—This chapter concludes with the death of the able, enterprising, and much lamented Commander, Qiplain James Ciok. V(" WE had not long been fettled at the obferva- tory, before mc difcovercd the habitations of a fociety of pricfts, who had excited our cu- riofity by their regular attendance at the Morai. Their huts wcreercdcd round a pond, inclofed with a group of cocoa-nut trees, by which they were fcparatcd from the beach and the village, and gave the fituation an air of religious retirement. Captain Cook being made ac- quainted with this difcovcry, he rcfolved to vifit themj and, cxpcdling the manner of his reception would be fmgular, he took Mr. Webber with him, to enable him to rcprefent the ceremony in a drawing. When arrived at the beach, the Commodore was conduced to Harre- no-Orono, or the houfe of Orono. On his approaching this facred place, he was fcatcd at the foot of a wooden idol, refcmbling that wc had fecn at the Morai. Here Mr. King again fupportcd one of his arms. He was then arrayed in red cteth, and Kaireekeea, alTlfted by 1 2 priefts, prefented a pig with the ufual ceremonies. After this folcmnity, the pig was ftrangled, and thrown into the embers of a fire, prepared for that purpofc. When the hair was finged off, a fecond offering was made, and the chanting repeated as before ; after which the dcod pig was held fome time under Captain Cook's Bofc, and then laid with a cocoa-nut at his feet. This part of the ceremony being concluded, the performers lat down ; and the Ava was brewed and handed about : a baked hog was likcwifc brought in, and we were fed in the fame nnanner as before related on a fnnilar occa- fion. While wc continued in the Bay, whenever the Commodore vifited the obfervatory, Kaireekeea and his afllrtants prefented themfelves before him, making an offering of hogs, bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, &c. with the accui^omed folemnities. Ujwn thefe occafions, fome of the inferior chiefs intreatcd permiflion to make an offering to the Orono. If their rcqueft was complied with, they prefented the hog themlclves; in the per- formance of which, their countenances difplayed that they were greatly imprcfled with awe and terror. Kai- reekeea and the prielti alTifted, performing their accuf- tomed orationi and hymns. But their civilities ex- tended beyond parade atxl ceremony : our party on (bore were fupphed daily by them with hogs and vege- tables, fufficient for their fubfidence, and to (pare; and canoes l.-.den with provilions, were regularly fcnt off to the fhips. Nothing was demanded in return; not even the nioft diftant hint was ever given, that they cxpedled the lead compenfation. Their manner of conferring fa- vours, appeared more like the dilcharge of a religious duty.thanthe rcfult of mere libct'ity. On our afking to *hom wc were indebted for all this munificence, wc were mformcd, that it was at the expence of Kaoo, the chief pricft, and grandfather to kaireekeea, who was at this time in the fuitofthe rovcrcignoftheilland. But we had iefs rcafbn to be fatisfied with the behaviour •f the Earees, or warrior chiefs, than with that of the priclls. In our intercourfc with the former, they were always Aifficiently atteative to theix own intcrelbj and, bcfidcs their propenfity to dealing, which may admit ofpalliation from its univerfality in thefe feas, they had other artifices equally diflionoiirablc. The following is one inllance, in which wc difcovered, with regret, that our good friend Koah was a party principally con- cerned. The chiefs who made us prefents of hogs, were always gcncroufly rewarded ; in confequcnce of which, we were fupplied with more than wc could coii- fumc. On thefe occafions, Koah, who attended uj conftantly, petitioned ufually for thofe that we did not abfolutely want, and they were given him of courfe. A pig was one day prefented to us by a man, whom Koah introduced as a chief. The pig we knew to be one of thofe that had a ihort tinne before been given to Koah. Sufpeding an impofition, we found upon enquiry, that the pretended chief was one of the common people; and from other concurrent circumAances, wc were pcr- fedly convinced, that this was not the firft time ot our having been made the dupes of Koah's low cunning. Sunday, the 24th, we were not a little furprized to find, that not any canoes were permitted to put off, and that the natives were confined 10 their houfes. At len^h we were informed, that the Bay was tabooed, and that in- tcrcourfe with us was interdided, on account of the ar- rival of Terreeoboo, their king. On the ijth, we en- dcavoared by threats and promifes, to induce the inha- bitants to revifit the (hips. Some of them were ventu- ring to put off, when wc perceived a chief very adive in driving them away : to make him deHfi, a mulquet was fired over his head, which produced the detired effect; for rcfre(hments were foon after to be had as ufual. In the afternoon, the fliips were privately vifited by Terreeoboo, attended only by one canoe, containing his wife and family. When he entered the (hip, he fell on his face, as a mark of fulmiiffion to the Commodore, as did all his attendants; and after having made an ora- tion, which none of us undcrftood, he prefented the Captain with three barbicued hogs, who, in return, put a necklace, compofcd of feveral Krings of various co- loured be ids, round his neck, and gave him two look- ing-glaifes, a large glafs bowl, with (ome nails, and other triHes, which he received with much fceming fatisfac- tion, and difpatched immediately a mcffcn^cr on (horc, who foon returned with (everal large hogs, cocoa-nuts, plantains, and fugar-canes, as much as our fmall cutter could carry. Having remained on deck about an hour, admiring the con(\ru(ihon of the (hip, he was conduced into the great cabin, where wine was offered him, which he rcfufcd : neither was there any thing he would talle, except a head of bread-fruit; but he appeared delighted with every thing he faw ; and before he deparred in the evening, gave us to underltand that he had 6000 fight, ing men, always in readinefs to war againO his enemies, On t.x 16th, at noon, the king came m great lYarc from the village of Kowrowa, and, in a large canoe, with fome of his attendants in two others, paddled (lowly towards the (hips. Their appearance was really mod fuperb. Terreeoboo, and his chiefs were in the fiill vefTc^ ar^ rayed 'tin '^ w. ' ihi , V''' , J **; m mmmm COOK'* ttiiRD flbd XAST VoVAGB-^To th^ PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 53 1 rtyedin feathered dMfci,«nd Mnieti, and artniid^ with ^ fpantni^^tSfett- in thtt Aeond came KaOcH ihcdhicf priefhhaViM; their idoti riifplayed dnrrd clotfc. They i«ei«'ngniiiNifof an Mor^ flze, «l«d<6rf Tari«in cohnirs; Their «y«s w«^ IttgriKfH SftAv. with a biMit nut placed irt the iniddle. A ddiu i row of theiangii of dtes Mm fitted in each of their mouth*, whiehk as well as tnereft of th«ir feature*, ap> peared Arangely di(h>rted. The. Mfi canoe was laden with hog* and v<^et|tblct. Their ittvf^ thejr call Et ab'-'M-i(,1igilifyii|g. their Warrior gods, without which tliey never cig>ff(i in''>;mle. A* they advanced, thk pried* chanteatheirhyiTHu with great foiemnity. After paddling round the veiTcIs, they aid not come on board a* we expcdcd, but made immediately towards the Ihoi^, at the beach where our tenu were iiied. When hnd^, they hauled up all their canoe* on the l>each, drev up in martial order, aiidt led t^ the king, marched in rub to their place of worlhip, diftant from our tents about CO yards ; but, Teeing the ground tabooed by fmall Seen boughs and wands, that marked the boundary, ey all nude a circuit with their images in proccifion, till they arrived at their Morai, where they placed their idols, and depofited their arms. Captain Cook, when he law the king's intention of going on fliore, went thi- ther alio, and landed with Mr. King and others, almoft at the fame indant. We uftiered the chiefs into our tent, and the king had hardly been feated, when he rofe up, and threw gracefully over the Captain's (houklers the rich featheml ck>ak that he himfelf wore, placed a helmet mi his head, and prefented him with a curious fiin. Five or fix other clonks, of great beauty and value, were l^read at the Commodore's feet. Four hog* were now brqMgfit forward by the king's attendanu, together with bread fruit, 6k. Then followed the ceremony of Terreeoboo's changing names with Captain Cook ( the firongcA pledge •! frimdihip am<«ngall the ifiandcrs of the Pacific Ocean. A folemn procemon now advanced, confilHf^ of priellf^ preceded by a venerable old per>. fonagc, followed l^« tnin of peopleleading large boMi others being laden with potatoM, planuins, &c. We could perceive eafily, by the countenance and the gef- lurc* w Kaireekeea, that the old man who headed the pMccflkm. was the chief priefi, on whole bounty we were told we had fo long fubfified. He wrapped a pieceof red chwh round tM (boulders of Captain Cook, aqti in the ufual form, prefented him with a pig. He was then Crated next the king, and Kaireekeea and their attendants began their vocal ceremonies, Kaoo and the chJcA aiBfting in the refponfes. In the perfbn of this kinit wir WMtt fuvpriced to tecognixe the fiune emacia> led old ItalOt «rii»oatne on boai3 the RcMution, from thellt E. iMeef tiie ifland of Mowce t and 'src perceived thMfevenl «f h\k attendana were the iiime perfens, trho at thlt time continued with us the whole night. AmoflB theft were the king's two youngcft fons, the tkkr Mout the age of fixteen t and M^iha-Maiha, hi* nephew, whttm we could not imnMdiaiely recolledi, haviig had his hair plaAered over with a dirty pafle and p^fMtder, which' was no fqMll improvement to the mnft favace coumcnance we 'had ever feen. The for- mahtic* of this mcetii^ being ended, Captain Cook conducted Terreeoboo and feveral of his chiefii on board ouriihip, where they were feonwed with every poflible mark of atietttioa and nfpoi^ and the Commodore, as a compenfiition for the withered clcttki, put a linen Ihirt'Upon the fovereigntafid »rt his own hanger round him. Kaao,ahd aboat Imlfa MCen other antient chiefs, remained on (horc. All this time not a canoe wa* per- mitted to remain in the Bay, and thoTe natives who did not confine themfelvee to their hua, lav profintte on the graaaidl. Before the king quitted the Refolution, he grancied .leave for the native* to ttade with u* a* ufiialt. but riie woitten, we know not on what account, were ftilt inteidiAfd bf the tabooi that is, n> remain at honie^ and not have ai^ kind of intercourie with us. At this time die behaviour of the inhabitanu was fo civil andiiMAnflve,tiM*ll«|>M«iicnflorti of danger were totally vaniflied. We timei muMfK^Mmng ih^at all times, and (ipon all tecafions, without the leaft re< ftrte. Our officen ventured frequently up the country, ^itller, (}qgly» or in.fmall parties, aad fomctimcs contu '.iMiett putfjfu whftle night. In all pkKes the i)eopie ^fldekeif atboi lis; Dnfiflous to afford eveiv aiUftancc ia tfR|r'p^«r. kild a'ppettiEk long vacant /pace was left forAtliemi at the upper cn4 9f | which the atljitrators prefukd. ,wn jci- tjir^q ftan.4sn;<}». Slips of cloth of various . colours, I wfre peijtiant, iroiji thcfu llandards ;; aa weir the (kin^^of twp Vyifd gcdif> fotnc finnll birds, and a feu bunoW of feadlf r|. ' The ! fports being ready to begin, the judges gav^e tKe- Agnitl, | and two combatants appeared iii view. l.TS»*y »d- ' vanccd flowly, drawing up their feet very high behind, nnd rubbing their hands upon the folpy, , As they C^mc forward, they furveycd each other frequently from head to foot, with an air of contempt, looking archly at the | fpedators, diOorting their features, and pradifing a vah ricty of unnatural gcftures. When they were advanced within the reach of each other, they held both arms ' ftraight out before their faces, at which part they always aimed their blows. They ftruck with a full Iwing of the arm, which to us had a very awkard appearance. They did not attcn)pt to parry; but endeavoured to elude theiradvcrfai y's attack, by (looping, or retreating. The battle was decided expcditiouily; for if either of them fell, whether by accident, or from a blow, he was deemed vanquilhcd; and the victor expreffed his triumph by a variety of ft range gejhi res, which ufually excited a loud laugh among the f^KCtators-,; for which purpnfc it feemcd to be calculated. The fuccefsful combatant waited fur a fccond antagunid; and, if again vidorious. for a third ; and fo on, till at la(l he was de- feated. In thefe combats it was very lingular, that, w hen any two arc preparing to attack each other, a third may advance, and make choice of either of them for his antagonil^ when the other is under the neceifiiy of withdrawing. If the combat proved long and tedi- ous, or appeared unequal, a chief generally interfered, and concluded it by putting a ftick between the com- batants. As this e.vhiliition wa»at ourdcliie, it was univcrfally cxpe(ftcd, that fonie of us would have en- gagcti with the native.-. ; but, thoiigli our people received prcllinj; invitations to bear a part, they did not hcarlten 10 the ciiallcngcs, not linviiig fi'i^ot the blows they re- ceived at the I'rieiulK liland>. Thisdaydicd William Wat •uin, a mariner of the gunner's cicw. This event we nKntion particularly, feeing death had hitherto been uncommon among us. He was a man in years, and much relpccted by Cap- tain Cook. He had fcrvod twenty.pnt years as a ma- rine, and then entered as a feimcn in 1772, onboard the Rclblution, and Icrved with the Commodore in his voyage towards the South Pole. On their return he pot admittance into Greenwich Hofpital, at the fame time with himfell'! and anxious to follow the fortunes of his benefactor, he alfo quitted it with him, on the Commodore's appointment to the command of the prcfent expedition. Whitman had otun been fubjoSt to ijight fevers, in the courl'e of the voyage, and was vi-iy inliiin when we arrived in the bay; where, having been fcnt a few days on (liore, he thought himfelf per- fectly reftorcd, and rcquclled to return on board. His requell was complied » iih. The day following he had a Ihokc of the pally, which in two days afterwards put an end toJiis life- At the requell of , Tcrrecobooj the rcn»ainsof this faithful leani.in were buried in the Mo- ral; the ceremony being performed with grear folcm- nity. Kaoo and his brethren wire prefent at the fu- neral, who Ixrhaved with great decorum, and paid due attention while the fervice was performing. On our beginning to Hll up the grave, they approached It with great awe, and threw in a dead pig, together with Ibme cocoa-nuts and plantains. Fur three lucceinve nights they liirrounded it, facrilicing hogs, and reciting prayers and hymns till morning. At the head of the grave, we ereded a port, and nailed thereto a piece of board, whereon was inl'cribed the name and age of the (Itceartd, and the day of hi. ileparture from this life. Thefe memorials we were allured they would not re- move, and, it is probable, they will be permitted to r&- niaiii, fu long as luch trail materials can endure. iit'ing much in want of fuel. Captain Cook defired Mr. King to treat with the priclls, iur the purchafc of rhe railing belonging to the Moral. Mr, K,ing liad his doubts rcipcding the decency of this overture, and ap- 1 ; ptM^wM'fhfi prt^fal n^ight be ck«i^)pd>in^piou8| but iinthU.h^ wasimuch millakca:' fnr an appHcfttiqn being made for thefarne, thcj^ enpreffed ijpSjo^pf f^ifty/^, iHMl the wood was. ^livcircd,H'|k'lm»4t, th|?,,l(paft rtiwla- .Hon. ,, Whilf pur pg'iplc wcretakiflu it *'^'ay,Wr. king T«W|Onepf them witih^ qarved iniagc > and, , upon cur quiry, he was infpcmcdj . thaf »he vbflle .fcniitircle (as mentioned in the defcriptioni of the Morai) Jiad Ueo carried to the, boats. ThoMghchcnatives werciji^c- tators of this bulinefs, they did not fecm to fxftf\t it ; butpnthc cpntrary, had , even aflifted irt.^hc removal.' Mr. King thought proper, to nKPtion the particulars to Kaoos who Iccr^cd exceedingly indifferent alipuuhe matter, begging him only, to lejlur* thp cewcr iiiugci which w as immediately done, and it was conveyed to one of the pricft's houfcs. Forfome tinw, the king, and. his chiefs, had been very importunate to know the timeojf.our dcparti^et From this circumllancCi Mr. King's curiofity was, ex. cited to know the opinion thefe people had ui)tprtained of us, and what they fuppofed to be the objcd of our voyage. He took confioerable pains to (luisfy hiiiifilf refpeding thefe points; but the only information he could get was, that they fuppofed wc had .left our na. tivc country on account of the fcaiuinefs of ,ptovi lions, and that we had vilited them for the fole purpole of filling our bellies. Thisconclufion was natural enough, conlidering the meagi c appearance of fome of our crew; the voracity with which we devoured their frelli provi- lions ; and our anxiety to purchafe as much of it as wc were able. It was a matter of entertainment to fee the natives patting the bellies of the (kiiors (ytho weta much improved in fleeknefs ftncc their arrival at tho bay) and telling them, in the beK manner they could, that it was time for them to depart ; but if (hey would return the next bread-fruit fcaton, they Ihould be better able to fupply them. Wc had now continued fixtecn days in the bay. during which time pur confumption of hogs and vegetables, had been fo enormous, that wc need not be (urprized at their williing to fee us take our leave. But I'erreeoboo had, perhaps^ no other view, in his enquiries, than a defire of having fufficient no. tice, to prepare fuitablc prefenis for us at our depar- ture; for when wc informed him of our intention to quit the ifland in two days> a kinid of procla^nation was made, requiring the natives to bring in their- hogs» and vegeublcs, foe Terrccoboo to prelcnt 10 Uic Orono. We were this day much entertained, at the beach, with the buH'ooncries of one of the natives. He held in his hand an inllrument of mufic, fuch as wc have al- ready defcribed: bits of fea-wc4d were faft^ncd round his neck} and, round each leg, (ome (iropg.,ncuing:< whereon were fixed rows of dc^s teeth, haqgjn]^ jpole. His dancing was accompanied with ftnir\gc gnnuces, and unnatural diflortions of the features, which were fometimes highly ridiculous, and,uponthe whole, with- out meaning or cxprerTion. But the wrelUing and boxing matches aftbrded us good divcrlion for the even- ing; and, in return, wc cxhioited the few {iro-works we had remaining. Nothii^could nwrecffedually excite (the admiration of thefe tf)andcrs,or Arike them with ' more exalted ideas of our fuperiority, than fuch a re- prefentation : notwithftanding thia was, in every rc- i'pcd, much, inferior to that exhibited at iiapace, yet the ahoniflunent of thefe pcpple was equally, great. The carpenters who had been fent up the country to cut planks for the head rail>werk of our fliip, the Re- folution, had now been gone three days, and, not hav . ing heard from them, wc began to be alarme4 for their fafcty. Wc expreffed oiir apprehenfions to Kaoo, who appeared equally concerned with ourfeives; but while wc were planning meafures with him, for fending pro' per pcrfons after them, thciy all f«fcly. arn\Td. Our people had gone farther into the c,puntry than they ex- pedcd. before they found any trees fuitablc for their purpole. This ci re umf lance, together with the bad- nefsof the roads, and the difficulty of conveying tim- ber to tbe fliips. had fo long detained them. They bc- ,fiQ».ed high commendations 9P theif guides, who not ' ., only cook's ItftlAfil iitd LA^ r VbYA^E^^o'th t'Pkdi^lt^C ik U, &c. ij&l „..n ... -r,-, Q prc&nt M the only fupplitd t1iem U^rth prdVffiohj!, Hut faithfully'pri*- tcifted their 'tools; Having 'fixed' on Thurfday, tWc 4fh of F^hrirary, fi^r dlir de^iarttifc,.Teri^c¥ohocr"lTilf. -vitcd Caphkin Cy Ka'iretkcea, that it was a tribute to the king, from tlic inhabitant*' of that dfrtridh ' Wc Were iro fooiicr feared than the bundkis were brought,' ^nd kid fcverally at TenccrtbOo's feet; and tlie twh, ftilHerS; tHiV i'ron, were difpla^ed bcfbrc Wrn. The kfW^ waJ ^Serfi'dtly fiitislied with tTirs!m'ftVk'«f 'duty 'fbomhi^Web;- pIc; and having fttefled-irbOiif ohcrhittJ(6f 'the triMH utenfils, one third of ihi* feathert, and fpmc pieces of rioih, hcordercil thefetbbi fcrafuleibj''thchifclvtS;iftd the remainder of the cloth, tiogii'vcget^bics, &c. ^<« after^flrds prefentcd to Captain Cook aiuV Mr. Kitik. 'Fhe Value and magnitude'oi' this' jjreferit.'fiif c*c«?etf«l feny thing that we had -befori;, rtteived. ' Tht whbfe was itntncdinWy'cdnvcyfcd ort' board; ahfl ihc'Wi^c hogs ^etc fet ajwrt for Tea IWres ; but the finall^f'pigs ami vegetabk's, \v*re divided between the crcWs.' The lUinc dfty'we quitted the Morai, and got ot\r obfeHTjtd- ries on bo«kl. ' Thctabort tt'as riniwtrrf.l ajitf,: Viih It Vaniflied its magical effcdh; for • asr fo6ti iS wc had quitted the place, the jwople runied" in, and vigilantly fcarchcd, in nopes of finding fome valuable articles left behind. Mr. King being the lad on (hore, irtd ^iafting for the return of the bontj the inhabitants 'cro'wd^cd about him, and having pievailed upoti hhti to fit down among them, expiclFi'd thvir regrct'itt our fcpaWtittr'. It was cv(?n"with diffipilcv tl^St ihcy wdnW fllffyr h)i^ tb depart. Having ha J, while wc lay in the bay, tHtto;n- mand of the party on fliorc, he bccaiA'c itiofb'ac- quainted with the natives, than thofe who were re- quired to be on board. From the inhabitants in cent- ral, he experienced great kindncfs; but the frieirofliib Ihewn by the prieds was conftant and 'tfrtboundtd. On the other hand, Mr. King was anxious tof-ondyiate their efteem; in which he fo happity Riccctdc'd, that when they were made acquaintetl with the rime of our departure, he was urged to remain behind,' and re- ceived overtun-s of the moft flattering kind. ' When he endeavoured to exmfe hiipfelf, by Alledgih^, ' that the Commodore would riot'ptrnilt it, they propoft^d to conduifl him to thei mountafi^s, and there crtnccial him till the departure of the 4hiJ^. On Mr. Kirtg> aflTur- ing them thai the fliips would not fiiil iSvithotit mm, the King and Kaoo repaired to Captain Cook, ]f\t*h6hi they I'uppoffdro be his father) rcqiicfting formiill)^, that he TTM^htbcftiflcred to remain btlhindl The Com'modorc unWilliHg to give a pofitive rcftrfal; to a prrtpofal foge- neroufTy intended, afllircil'thcni, t;hat he could not part with hiiVi at prefcnt, but he flioulB retum thither the next year, when he would' endeavour to oblige them. On Thurfday the 4th 6f Febi'uary, AHy in the morn- ing, having unmoored, tho RcfoluiloO and Difcov^i'y fet fail, and'clcared the hirbdnV, attenjltd by a vaft num- ber of caAries, Wc propofifd to' fhApii oi/r -nuts, plantains, and (bgar-canes. Bcfidesf other perfofts of dimnftibft, whb acrompanted The king",' th'w!"'W4's'iirt'bfd':j)riiV^^hm^mqAc\\H'&^^ l^ihg'p pcVrniYlioii fir rqiiai'd oh "board,' til j' tWy ffloiiTiVfri ve af fWWracteerfjhi m Virtirdi^Mrtfit .fe'tMiig^^^^ iii (Br ftQrir,"i\'cp^ in '.the uti][]Q|f danger^ pajrtic.i"i,Urly iWi p|ifcoycry,^bein£diiv,en.u'pott the rotksi, At'this time the old prieft, 'who had been Tent to llccp in the grtit rablti, leaped OVeV-liioaW unfeen 'vvUh a largi ^^gi.r .,L>«I^ W..:^ i r....W. . .. . ..., pWtle 6f Ri^ffiiii '(ilV,.tauujtfC|crk'e's,pr9»cw. anc| ^br^^Vm^fiht''i^h,^^^'i\i&fficulcy that we got them up the Ihip'i fide, togethel- with a ^hild about four yean of age, which had been lathed uridcr the thwans of the canoe, with only its head ^b^ft the water. They had left th« fhore the morning' Dcio're, and had bee«, from that time, without food di- water. The ufitat precautioi^ were uketl in giving them vidtuali, and the child being \ committed to thecjircof the women, they were all per fcAly recovered by' the nc^t morning. At midnight a gale of wind comine on, we were obliged to double rcuf the top-fails, vnd get dAwn the top-gallant yatd*. On Monday the StK. at day-brcak, wc found that the fore-ntad had a^ln,givefi way; the fiflict being ftWung,and thd part* feace, waxi to pledge hiifUHfifor the hdncAy of hii ptiople. With tdbt'viiiW, ^nd that oniy« htcune to rcqticA the king vi. .•!»': ' 1 ^ to place lonHdcnce in him, and to make the Rcfolutiiti his home, as the moft ett'edual means of putting a llou to the robberies that were daily and hourly coiniinttid by his people, both at the ttnts, and on hcird the Ihipa, and which were now fo daring as to become infuflci- ablc. The king upon this renionftrancc aiofe. and at. cepted the invitation. In about half an hour Terrceoboo fet out with Cap. tain Cook, to attend him on board; and every thing had i. nrofpcrous appearance. The two boys were al- ready in the pinnace, and the reft of the party were ap. proachingthe water-fide; when a woman, named Ka- nee-kabereea, thcmother of the boys, and one of Tcr- reeoboo's favourite wives, followed him, and with many tears and intreaties bcfuught him not to venture on board. At the fame time, two warriors who came a- long with her, laid hold of the king, infifting he fhould proceed no farther, and obliged him to (it down. A large body of the illamlers had by this time got toge- ther, who had probably been alarmed by the difchar. ging of the great guns, and the hoftile appearances m the boy. They now began to behave outrageoufly, and to infult the guard. Thus fituatcd, Mr. Phillips, Lieu. tenant of the marines, perceiving that hi« men were huddled together in the crowd, confcquently unable to ufc their arms, fhould there be a neccllity for fu doing, propofed to the Commodore to draw them up zlvwt the rocks, clofe to the edge of the wateri upon which tl.c Lieutenant received orders to march, and, if any one oppofcd, to fire upon, or inftantly difpatrh him; but the natives readily making way for them to pals, Mr. Phillips drew tliem up in one line, within about thirty yards of the place where Terrceoboo was fitting. The old king continued all this time on the ground. His eyes diffufed gloomy difcontent; his head drooped, and his whole countenance was imprefTed with every mark of terror and dejcddon ; as it he was poirellld with a foreboding confcioufnelii of the cataftrophe, in the bloody tragedy tha: wm now about to be acted. Capuin Couk, unwilling to abandon the objcJl which occalioncd him to^'omeon (liorc, urged lum mod tar- nelUy to proceed : but, on the other Iwiid, if the king appeared inclined loauenJ him. thefurroundingchiels intcrpofed: at firft they bad rccourfe to entreaties; but afterwards to force and violence, and even inltftcd on his remaining on fhorc; and the. word was given, that Tootca w^ abOM to carry off their king, and to kiU him. Captain Cook, at length, finding that the alarm had ^tcad too generally, and being fenlible that there was not a probability of getting Terreeoboo oft" without imichibioodfhad/thou^ it moift pnident to give up the point; obf^ving to Mr. Phillips, that it would lie impoflibic to compel tke king to go on board, without running thd rilk of killing a great iwmber of the inha- . bitants. Thus the entcrprizc was abandoned by Cap« tain Cook; nor did it appear, that his perfon was in thfi loaft degree of 'danger, till an accident happened, the report of iWhich'brought forthiinian'inftanta num- ber ofwarriors from the crowd, arid occafionrd a fatal torn d» thC'Whole aftair. The baatp llationed acrofs tho ilay, having Hrcd »ttotvc.wit canoaa, for attempting to get oMt»,had unfortunately killed one of their principal chiefsk Intelligence odhia death acriv'ed at the fpot ttiMue th« Comn^ocliMe theli)MrMijjuftas he had parted fJBKit D^Q kittg,jfVRdi jww itvfUiBbg.-flowiy toymards the (hdre,^ The /ersnenB it oacafioMdi waa immediately toamtapfpticuouii'tJKiiion^ci) and^hildren wei«.imme- diailelytiieBl aw«y« atid tiwmdn foOn put on their war {nal»i and armed vthfimTelKca witb cBc;trate, tbiaferVed only to irciiateaitdtocoMrage the idaodcrs, whofe fighting meo now n *, "i*i. ''i**. / ■%^f# M- J' ,f- ... ■. - ■■■;■ f ', - -■■ ■>■; -H-; •^wjf I um COOK'S THIRD and LA^l' VOVA(;K— To tin- I'ACII IC OCliAN, &c. ?S7 now piirtied forward, throwing whole vollitu of ttwn-i (t the muinei. One of the chicfj uttiiiipttd to lUl) Mr. I'hill'pswiih hi* pahooa, (Ionic fay the very fame that was inadi hy our arinmircrs, u the niiuell ot the king, the doy before) hut not fuccccdinp; in his attempt, he received from him a hlow with the hint end ol \n» iDufquct. A general aii.u k with Honti futteedcd, and the quarrel became general. On our tide, the guiw trom the fhioi began to pour in their fire upon the multi- tude ot natives, us did likcwifc the niarmc guard, and thofc from the iKiatii neverthelcfH, though the ilauuh- tcr among the illandert was great, yet, enraged as they were, they IUkkI an imeflant lire with allonilhing in- trepidity; and, without giving time tor the marine* to lihargc again, they rullied in upon t'lem with horrid fliouts and yells. What followed was a ftene of horror and contulion, which can moieealily be conceived than related. Four of the marines, corporal Thomas, and three privates, namely, 1 links, Allen, and lailget, re- treated among the rocks, and fell vidims to the fury of thf enemy. Three others were dangeioiilly wounded i and the Lieutenant, who had received a llab between the Ihoulderi with a pahooa, having lortun.itely refer- ved his fire, fhot the man who h.id wounded him, jull )t<( he was going to repeat his blow. The lall time our Commodore was di'hiWlly feen, he was Itanding at the water's edge, ordermg the ficts to ceafe firing, and pull in; when a bafc airalTin, coining behind him, and hriking him on the hea<) wuh hi» club, Idled him to the ground, in fuch a dirc^ion, that he lay with his face prone in the water. A general lliour was fet up by the idandcrs on feeing the Captain lall, and liis body was dragged on fliore, wnere he was funounded by the enemy, who, fnatching the dagger from ea< h other'! haiuU, difpla)ed a lavage eagernefs to join in his dc- DruCtiun. It lliould iLCin that their vengeance was di' reeled chielly againll our Commodore, liy whom ilu-y fuppofed their l:uig war, to be dragjed on hoard, and punillii'd at difcretinii ; for, having feciircd liis body, ihey lied without much regarding the rell of the llaiii, one of whom they threw into the lea. 'I'hus ended the life of the greatell navigator that this or any other nation could ever bualt ot: who led his crews of gallant Hritilli I'eamen twice round the world; reiliicctl to a certainty the non-cxiftcnce of a Southern continent, alx)ut which the learned of all na- tions were III doubt i fettled the boundaries of the earth and fea; and deiiioiilhiie.l the impradlicability of a N. W. palliigc lioiii the Atlantic to (he great Southern Ocean, tor which our ablell ge(>;',iaplu'rs had con- tended, and ill purfiiit of which vail fumi had been fpentin vain, niid iiuny valuable marine: i had miferabi/ prrilhed. liis death was duubtlel's premature) yet he lived to.iccomplilh llie great undeitukin^; tor which he feemed particulaily deligned. 1 low lincereiy his lofs was lamented, (we fpe.ik here in the language ot hit pancgyrifl) by thcifc who owed their licuriiy to his Ikill and < oiiduCt, and every confolatioii to his tcndern;(H and liiiinanity, it is inii)ollible to dcliribcj and theialk wojid be equally diiruult to reprefent the horrcr, de- jection, and difmay, which followed fo dreaillul and unexpected a catallrophe. Let us therefore turn from fo mournful a fcenc, to the plealing contemplation of his virtues, character, and public fervices, the hiftory of which our readers will find in the fubfcquent chap' tcr. Mfiniri ofihe lifi' iimt piihlk fn-virrs nfCiiplniti jMtfs Cmk—HK birlh itmi paroila^^i' — EiUiMlioit and rnrlyjiiiulton ii liff — //m im'imi/io'i /or ihefiti, ,iiiJ Jir/I rmpliymrnl in tbt iwrrhantf /?rvin- — l") irs bix forluiif in His M:iit'lb'^ jhipt the I'-ticJi! — 1-' 'iiMif ti Ijeiileiutiil—llii /rfbitviour under Sit H'llltam B.ifiiih. ami zihcn en^nf^ed in the a^liw jcem'S of tbi- u-iir III Amrriiti — ///< appninimfiils, by the rtcnmiiunduiinii of lj,id ddville and Sir Iliif^b I'atlifcr — Hisjiiji vo\ii^e to the Soiilb Sen — flu //•■ >nl, to lomplrif ibe difcoirry of the SouU>rr)i lemi/pbrrr — His third and l,ijl voyage, in order to difc'/vcr i» A^w//-' //'."// /■''A X'' — '^" 'Ki'"!!"! of hi<. Jiimily, uiid ibt'ir prii/ions — OI-frrviilioHS on his chanitier and death — Parliiid-invJuib h.ippeiied fiili/njiienl to bis dialh—lhat.h-r\ of Linilfniinl PbiHips—TI-W ifiaiiders forcfd to retire — Si- tiitU'rn of our party at the hUrai — Annoyed h Hones— /lit allrmpt to Jlorm tbe Mor.it — !^itled by our people — A Jbort truce, aiul mciIk 'iitiif/iris adopied — Mr. A /»/if /rut to ohtiiin a confirence :vithf,mr of tbe i hiefs vf ()whvbet-—His inter^ t,:,ri' xvilb Koah ■-C'lnlemptiious iekiviour of the iijlive<, ,iid prfcaiilions takHybt~f\ir/bir provocations from the natives — Our Mutrring partus barrajfrd u-ilb jlones — Thr village of Kaknoii tii'riifii — lnlhii(e of bravery in one nj tlv natiid — A/r'.i^ffioH beaded by Kuireckeea — The bones if Ciiptiiin Cook brought «N board — fbty a;v committed t» tbe deep ivitb tbe ufiutl fui/ei'Ml ceremonies. HAVING related ihc untimely fate of our excel- lent Commindei, Captain Cook, we now pro- ceed to give our icidcrs fomc new and authen- tic particulars of the lite of this great navigator; the whole, we will venture to allirm, making a more cor- rcift and complete hiflorical narrative, on fo iuterefVing a fubjnf^, than has hitherto appeared in nny edition Mliatever of Captain Cook's voyages, under whatever authority publifned, or however jwmpoufly fet forth. The late Captain James Cook, the lubjet'l of thefe memoirs, was born at IVkirton, in the North Riding of Yorkfliire, hn RlMniary the ....i : . ^h^ i \M 588 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. who had then the command of a fquadron Rationed on the coaft of America. It was here, as he has often been heard to fay, that, during a hard winter, he firfl read Euclid, and apphcd to the lludy of the mathema- tics and agronomy, without any afliftancc than what a few books, and his own induftry afforded. At the fame time, that he thus found means to cultivate his under- ilanding, improve his mind, and fupply tiic deficiencies of a nearly education, he was engaged in moft of the bufy and adivefcenesof thewar in America. Atthcfiege of Quebec, Sir Charles Saundcrscommitted to his charge the execution of ferviccs,of thcfirft importance in the naval departmcit. He piloted the boats to the attack of Montmorency ; condu£ied the embarkation to the heights of Abraham, examined the paflage, and laid buoys for thefccurity of the large (hips in proceeding up the river. The courage and addrcfs with which he acquitted himfelf in thefefervires, gained him the warm friendfhipof Sir Charles Saunders and Lord Colville, who continued to patronize him during the reft of their lives, with the greateft zeal and affeiSion. On the ift of April 1760, he received a commifTion as a lieutenant, and foon.fter afpccimcnof thofeabi. lities, which recommended him to ihe commands, in the execution whereof he lo highly difplayed his me- rit, that his name will be handed down to poflerity, as one of the mod (kilful navigators which this coun- try hath producei'. In i-fj, he was with Sir William Barnaby, on the Jamaica Itacion; and behaved in furh a manner as gained him the approbation of the .idmi- ral. At the tonclufion of the war, he was appointed, through the recommendation of Lord Colville, and Sir Hign Pallifer, to (urvcy the Gulph of St. Lawrence, and the coafts of Newfoundland. In this employment hccon'inucd till the year 1767, when the Royal So- ciety rcfolvtd, that it would he proper to fend a navi- gator into the South Seas, to obferve the Tranfit of the planet Venus over the Sun's difk; and Otaheite being fixed upon, the Endeavour, a fliip built for the coal trade, was put into commiirion, and the comnund of her given to Lieutenant, the late Captain Cook, who was appointed with Mr. Charles Green to obferve the Tranut. In this voyage he was accompanied by Jo- feph Banks, Lfq. fince Sir Jofeph, and Dr. Solander, and other ingenious artift*. The Tranfit of Venus was obferved m different parts of the ifland, and the Captain returned, after naving been abfent almod three years, in which period he had nude difcoveries equal to all the navigators of his country, from the time of Columbus to the prefent. From this period, fes his fcrvices increafed in ufefulncfs to the public, To his reputation advanced to a height too great for our encomiums to reach. Perhaps no fcience ever re- ceived greater additions from the labours of a fingle man, than geography has done from thofe of Captain Cook ; who, in his nrd voyage to the South Seas dif- covered the Society Ides; determined ihe infularity of New 21calandi difcovered the Araits which feparatc the two idands, called after his name; and made a complete furvey of both. He afterwards explored the eaftern coaft of New Holland, hitherto unknown ; an extent of 27 deg. of lat. or upwards of 2,000 miles. Soon after the Captain'a return to England, it was rtfulvcd to equip two (hips to complete the difcovery of the Southern hcmifphere. It had long been a prevailing idea, that the unexplored part contained another continent. To afccrtain the fa lutton, under the command of Captain Cooki the other, the Adventure, com.nanded by Captain Fur- neaux. In this fecond expedition round the world. Captain Cook refolved the great problem of a fouthem continents having fo completely traveifcd thathemif- f>hcK, as not to leave a poilibility of its exigence, un- efs fo near the pole, as to be beyond the reach of na- vigation. In this voyage New Caledonia, the laigeft iliand in the Southern Pacific Ocean, excipt New Zea- land, wu difcovered; ai was aUb the ifland of Gcor- §ia: and an unknown coad, which the Capuin named andwich land ; and having twice vifited the tropical feas, he fettled the (ituations of the old difcoveries, and made feveral new ones. The want of fuccefs which attended Captain Cook's attempt to difcover a Southern Continent, did not fct alide another plan which had been recommended fome time before. This was no other than the finding out a N. W. paJTage, which the fancy of fome chimerical projcdtors hid conceived to be a pra(5ticable fcheme. His fcrvices were required for this arduous undertaking, and he offered them without hefitation. This thinl and laft;'oyage is dillinguifl.ed by the extent and im* !>ortanceof its difcoveries. Not to mention federal inallcr iflanch in the Southern Pacific, Captain Cook difcovered the group, north of the cquinoxial line, called Sandwich Ifland-!; which, on account of their fituation and produdions, may perhaps become an ob. jcdt of more confequence, than any other difcovery in the South Sea. He explored what had remained before unknown of the wellern coaft of America, an extent of _J700 miles; afccrtained the proximity of the two con- tinents of Alia and America; failed through the ftraits betw n them, and furvcyed the coalts on each fide, fo far as to be fatisficd of the impracticability of apal- fage in that hcmifphere, from the Atlantic into the Pa- cific Ocean, by an eaftern 01 weftern coafT. In ftiort, he complcated the hydography of the habitable globe, if we except the Japanefc Archipelago, and the fca of Amur, which ar'-ftill known iiTuxrlcCtly hy Europeans. Throughout this voyage it mult be ciinfeHbd, that his ferviccs as a navigator, are importont and meritorious. The methods which he invented, and fo diccefsrnlly put in pradice, of prefcrving the hr.Tlth, ^and conlV- quently the lives) of fcamen, will tranfmit his name to future ages, as a friend and benefactor of mankind. It is well known among thofe who are converfant in naval hiftory, that the advantages which have been fought, througli tlie medium of long fea voyages, have always been purchafcd at a dear rate. That dreadful difbrdcr which is peculiar to this fervice, muft, without exercifing an unwarruntable degree of tyranny over our fcamen, have been an infuperable obftacle cn our en- terprises. It was referved for Captain Cook to con- vince the world, that voyages might be protraded to three, or even lour years, in unknown regions, and under every change of climate, without aftcciing the health, in the fmalleft degree, and even without diminifhing the probability of life. A few months after his depar- ture from England, notwithftanding he was then ab- fent, the Royal Society voted him Sir Godfrey Copley's gold medal, as a reward for the account, which he had tranfmitted to that body, of the method taken to prc- fervc the health of the crew of his (hip. Captain Cook wasa married man, and left feveral children behind him. On each of thefe his Majelty has fettled a pention of twenty-five pounds a year, and two hundred pounds per annum on his widow. The conftitution of this great and unparalleled navigator, was robuft both by nature and habit; his body having been inured to labour, and rendered capa- ble of undergoing the fcvereft hard'.hips. 1 lis ftomach bore, without complaining, the molt coarfc and un- grateful food. Indeed he fubmiued, with an eafy fclf- dcnial, to wants of every ki.id, which he endured with remarkable indifference. The qualities of his mind were of the fame hardy vigorous kind with thofe of his body. His underftanding was ftrongand quick-fighted : his jadgment, in whatever related to the ferviccs he was engaged in, quick and fure; his drfigtis were bold and darings yet manly and difcrcet. His cou- rage was cool and determined, and accompanied M'ith an admirable prefencc of mind, in the moment of dan- ger. His manners were plain and unaffedted. Sotne have cenfured his temper as fubjedt to hafti- nefs and palTion; but let it be confideredl, that thofe were counteracted, and frequently difarmed, by a dif- Eolition benevolent and humane. There arc thofe who avc blamed Captain Cook for his feverity to the na- tives of different idands which we vifited ; but it was 3 not COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 589 not to thefc alone he was feverc in his difcipliiic. He neVer fuffcred any fault in his own people, though ever fotrivial, 10 cfrape unpunilhcd. If they were charged with infuitinga native, or injuring him in his property, if the faft was proved, the oHendcr fcldom efcaped unpunifhed. By this impartial dilhibution of equal jurticc, the natives thcmfclvcs conceived fo high an "idea of hi's wifdom, and his power too, that they paid him the honours bcftowcd on their Eatooa, or good fpirit. This is certain, that a mod diftinguirtiing feature in Captain Cook's character was, that unremitting pcr- feverancc in the purfuit of his objcdl, which was not only fuperiorto the oppolition of dangers, and the pref- fiire of hardlhips, but even exempt fromthe want of or- dinary relaxation. During the three long voyages in which he was engaged, his cagcrncfs and adlivity were never in the lead abated. No incidental temptation could detain him for a moment ; even thofc intervals of recreation, which fomctimes occurred unavoidably, and were loo')nfidcncc and f'riendfhip, in which both partus had hitherto lived, that the arming of the iflanders wa-: manifellly with a defign to rcfifi the at- tempt, which they had fome reafon to expedl would be made, to carry off their fovcreign by force, and was natiiralK to be expecled from a people who had a re- markable allVciion for their chiefs. To thcfc didates of humanity, other motives of a prudential kind were added; that we were in want of a fupply of water, and other relrefliments; that the Keiulution's forcmaft would require feven or eight days \.?rl., 'uciorc it could be (lepped ; that the fpring was advancing very faft; and that the fpeedy profccution of our next expedition to the northward, ought now to be our foleobjedl; and that, therefore, to engage in a vindiClivc contell with [he natives, mightnot only fubjcdl us to the imputation of necdiefs cruelty, but would require great delay ;n the equipment of our ihips. In this latter opinion Captain t!lcrke concurred; and though Mr. King was convinced, that an early and vigorous difplay of our rcfcntment would have more effectually anfwcrcd every objcilt both of prudence and humanity, he was, upon .the COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, (.;rnicd the tflaudcr that he had come to demand the I body of Captain Cook, and to declare war agai.nft the natives, unlefs it was rcDorcd without delay. Koah af- fiired him that this (liould be done as foon as pofTible, and that he would go himfelf for that purpofe; and af- ter requeuing a piece of iron of Mr. King, with marks of great atfurance, he leaped into the water, and fvvam alhoie, calling out to his countrymen, that we were all friends again. Our people waited with great anxiety- near an hour for his return. During this interval, the other boats had approached fo near the fliore, that the men who were in them entered into converfation with a party of the iflanders, at a little diflance; by whom they were informed, that the Captain's body had been cit to pieces, and carried up the country; but of this circumllancc Mr. King was not apprized till his return to the fhips. He therefore now began to exprcfs fome degree of impatience at Koah's delay; upon which th« chiefs prcfied him exceedingly to land ; alFuring hiin, ' that if he would go in perfon to Terrceoboo, the body would be undoubtedly reitorcd to him. When they found they could not prevail on Mr. King to go afliore, they endeavoured, on pretence of converiing with him with greater eafe, to liecoy his boat aniong Ibmc rocks, where they might have had it in their power to feparatc him from the other boats. It was cU'y to fee through thefe artifices, and he was therefore very delirous of breaking off all communication with them ; when a chief approached, who had particularly attached him- felf to Captain Clerke, and the ofticcrs of the Difco- very, on board which fliip he had failed, when we lalt quitted the bay, intending to take his patTage to the illand of Mowee. He faid he came from Terreeoboo, to acquaint our people that the body was carried up the country, but that it (hould be brought back the follow- ing morning. There ajipeared much finccrity in his manner; and being alked, if he uttered a falfliood, he hooked together his two fore fingers, which is here un- derllooil as the fign of veracity, in the ufe of which thefe illanders arc very fcrupulous. Being now at a lofs how to proceed, Mr. King feiit Mr. Vancouver to in- form Captain Clerke of all that had palled ; that it was his opinion, the natives did not intend to keep their word with us; and, far from being grieved at what had happened, were on the contrary infpired with great con- fidence on account of their late fijcccfs, and fought only to gain time, till they could plan fome fchcme for get- ting our people into their power. Mr. Vancouver came back with orders for Mr. King to return on board, after giving the iflanders to underlhind, that if the body was not relfored the next morning, the town (hould be de- llroycd. No fooncr did they perceive our party retiring, than they endeavoured to provoke thoni by the molt contemptuous and intuiting geflurcs. Several of our people laid, they could ditliiiguilh fome of the natives parading about in the cloaths which had belonged to our unhappy countrymen, and among them, an Eree brandithing Captain Cook's hanger, and a wotnan hold- ing the fcabbard. In confequencc of Mr. King's re- ])ort to Captain (Gierke, of what he fuppot'cd to be the prclent temper and dilpofition of the inhabitants, the moll clfciilual methods were taken to guar-i againtt any attack they might make during the night. The boats were moored with top-chains; additional Icntincls were Ihitioned in each of our Ihips ; and guard-boats were directed to row round them, in order to prevent the itlanders from cutting the cables. During the night, we faw a vatl number of lights on the bills, which in- duced fome of us to imagine, that they were removirig their efVed:, fiirther up into the country, in confequencc of our menaces. But it teems more probable, that they were kindled . the facrificcs that were performing on account of the war, in which they fuppofcd themfclves likely to be engaged; and, perhaps the bodies of our flain countrymen were at that time burning. We af- terwards obferved fires of the fame kind, as we palTcd the illand of Morotoi ; and which, according to the in- liirmation we received from fome of the natives then on board, were made on account of a war they had declared againfl a neighbouring illand. This agrees with what wc learned among the Friendly and Society Ifles, that. 59^ Capt. C O O K 's VOYAGES COMPLETE. vious to anyhoUile expedition, the chief's always en- deavoured to animate the courage of the people, by feafts ami rejoicings in the night. We paflcd the night without any difturbancc, except from the howlings and lamentations which were heard on fliorc. On Monday the ijth, early in the morning, Koah came along-iide the Refolution, with a fmall pig and fome cloth, which he defircd permillion to prefent to Mr. King. M'c have already mentioned, that this offi- cer was fuppofid by the i (landers to he the Ton of Cajv tiin (look; and as the latter had always fulVercd thcin ^o believe it, Mr. King was probably conlidcred as the chief after his de.tth. As foon as he came on deck, he intcrrogatC('i Koah with regard to the body ; and, on his returning f.valivc arifucrs, reliifc') "; accept his prefcnts; and was on the point ofdifmiiling him with exprellions I.!' angv.r and refentmcnt, had not Captain Clcrkc, with a view of keeping up the appearance of fricndlliip, judged it more proper that he flioulil be treated w ith the cu(l()in:iiy refpcct. Thisartlul pricit camcfrci)uently to iH in the courfe of the morning, w ith fome trilling jirefcnt or other; anil as we always ohrirvcd him eye- ing every part of the fliip with a great degree ol atten- tion, we took care he llioiild fee we were well prepared for our defence. 1 le was extremely urgent both with •Captain Clt rkc ainl Mr. King to go on lliorc, unputing the detention of the bodies to the other chicts, and a(- furing thofe gentlemen, th:it every thing might be ad- julfed to theii fatisficlion, by a perfonal inter\iew with the king. However, they did not think it prudent to comply with Koah's reijuelt ; and indeed a lad came afterwards to their knowledge, which proved his want of veracity. I'or, they were informed, that immediately iU'tcr the action in whuh Captain Cl(K)k had loll his lile, 'rerrecoboo had retired to a cave in the llecp part ol the riountain that hangs over the bay, which was accellible only by means of ropes, and where he continued lor le- vcra! days, having his provilions let down to him by cords. Alter the tieparture of Koah from the lliijis, we obferscd that his countrymen who had all'cmbled by day-break, in vail crowds on the fliorc, llotkeil aroiuul him wirh great eageinefs on his landing, as if they ■wiflied to learn the intelligence he had gained, and w hat ileps were to he taken in conJeiiuence of it. It is highly jirobable, that they cxpe(^ted we lliould attempt to put «)ur thre;its in execution; and they appeared liilly de- termined to lland their ground. During the whole morning, we heard cone hs blowing in various paits ol the coal); large parties were perceived marchmg over the hills; and, u[X)n the whole, appearances were fo a- larming, that we carried out a Iheam anchor, for the piirpofc of hauling the lliip abrcall of the town, in cafe of an attack; and (xiats were Ihtioncil olf the northern jioint of the bay, in order to prevent a furpriz-e from the natives in that ijuartcr. 'J'heir warlike pofture at pre- lent, anil the breach of their engagement to rellore the luxiiesof the llain, occafioncd frclh debates among uj »oncerning the ineafures which rtiould now be purlucd. It was at length determined, that nothing fhould be per- mitted to interfere with the repair of the Kefolution's Dial), and the preparations for our departure; but th.at we fhoulil ncvcrthclefs continue our negociatioiis for the rcdoiation of the bodies of our countrymen. 'I'he greater part of this day was employed in getting the ibre-mad into a proper fituation on deck, that the car- pciiteis might work upon it ; and alio in making tlicVc- ».|uilite alterations in the coinmillions of the officers. 'I he (.'hief command of the expedition having devolved on Captain Clerke, he removed on board the Refolu- tion, promoted Lieutenant CJorc to the rank of Cap- tain of the Difcovcry, appointed MelTrs. King and Williamfon firft and fecond Lieutenants of the Refolu- rion, and nominated Mr. Harvey, a Midffiipman, who had accompanied Captain Cook during his two laft voyages, to fill the vacant lieutenancy. During the whole day, wc.fuftaincd no intcrniption from the idan- (! —: and in the evening, the launch was moored with a • ,i)-chain, and guard-boats ftationed round each of th; mips as before. About eight o'clock, it being ex- Lccdijigly dark, we heard a canoe paddling towards the I 3 ji Ihip; and it was no fooncr perceivetl, than both the fcn- tincls on deck fired into it. There were two of the na- tives in this canoe, who immediately roared out " Tiii- " nee," (which was their method of pronouncing Mr. King's name), and faid they were friends, and had rome- thing with them which belonged to Captain Cook, When they came on board, they threw tnemfclves at the feet of our officers, and fcemcd to be extremely tcr- rifieil. It fortunately happened that neither of them was hurt, notwithftanding the balls of both pieces had gone through the canoe. One of thefc was the perfon who has been already mentioned under the appellation of the taboo man, who conlhiudy attended Captain Co()k with the particular ceremonies we have before defcribed ; and who, though a man of diftindion in the illand, could fcarcely be prevented from performing for hiin the moft humiliating offices of a menial fervant. .Mier lx:wailing, with many tears, the lofs of the Orono, he informed us that he had brought a {)art of his body. He then gave us a fmall bundle which he brought iindir his anil; ,md it is impoflible todclcribe the horror with whiih we were feized, upon finding in it a piece of hu- man Hclh ol the weight of about nine or ten pounds. 1 his, he laid, was all that now remained of the body; that the red had been cut in pieces, and burnt; but that the head, and all the bones, except thole which be- longed to the trunk, were in the polfeHion of Ttrreco- boo and the other chiefs; that what we fiw had been allotted toKa(H), the chief of the prielh, for the purpofe ol being ufeil in fome religious ceremony; and that he had lent it as a tellimony of his innocence, and of his attachment to m. We had now an opportunity of learn- ing whether they were cannibals; and we did nor negled to avail ouifelves of it. We lirft endeavoured, by fc- veral indiretl quellions, put to each of them apart, to gam iiilurmation refpecting the manner in which the other bodies had been treated and difpolcdof; and find- ing them very conllant in one account, that after the lledi had been x)k (hould be rcllorcd. From L'^appo we underffooelthat the Htlli of all the bones of our people who had been (lain, as well as the Iwnes of the trunks, had been burnt ; that the linib-bor.es of the marines had been diftributcd among the inferior chiefs; and that the remains of Captain Cook had been difpofcdof as lollows: die head to a great lircc, called Kaluxiopcou; the hair to Maiha-maiha; and the u.ms, legs, and thighs, to Terreeoboo. After it was dark, many of the natives came off with various forts of ve- getables; and we alfo received from Kaireekeca two large prefents of the fame articles. On the 19th we were principally employed in fend- ing and receiving the mcfTages that palled between Captain Clerkc and theo|d king, tlappo was very ur- gent, that one of our oflicers (liould go on (hore ; and oriercd to remain on board, in the mean lime, as an holfagc. This requefl, however, was not complied with ; and he left us with a promifc of bringing the bones the follow ing day. Our watering party, at the beach, did not meet with the lealf oppoiition fron) the iflanders; who notwithftandingour cautious behaviour, again ventured themfelves among us without any marks of ditlidcnceorapprehenlion. On Saturday the 20th, early in the morning, we had thefatistiidfion of getting the fore-mad (fepped. This o()eration was attended with conhderable ilifliculty, and fome danger, our ropes being fo extremely rotten, that the purchafc feveral times gave way. Betw een the hours of ten and eleven, we faw a numerous boely of the natives dcfcending the hill, which is over the beach, in a fort of proceliion, each man carrying on his fliouKlcrs twoor three fugar- canes, and fome bread-fruit, plantains, and taro, in his hand. They were preceded by two drummers, who, when they reached the water-lide, (bated them- felves by a white flag, and began beating their drums, while thofe who had followed them, advanced, one by one, and depofited the prefents they had brought with them; after which they retired in the fame order. Soon afterwards Eappo appeared in his long feathered cloak, bearing fomething with great fulemnity in his hands; and having lUtioned himfelf on a rock, he made (igns that a boat (hould be fent him. Captain Clcrke, fup- f>ofing that the chief had bmught the bones of our late Commodore (which, indeed, proved to be the ca(e], went himfelf in the pinnace to receive them, and or- dered Mr. King to attend him m the cutter. When they arrived at the beach, lilappo. entering the pinnace, delivered the bones to Captain Gierke, w rapped up in a great quantity of fine new cloth, and covered with a fpottcd cloak of black and white feathers. He after- wards attended our gentlemen to the Refolution, but could not be prevailed on to accompany them on board » being, perhaps, from a fen ■ '"decency, unwilling to be prcfent at t':. opening oi the parcel. In this we found b«th '.'m hands of Capuin Cook entire, which ' .; were E T E. 5R, and fonic plantains, to him to keep off, and cau- 8 appearance again with- ik, Icll bis life lliould pa; :ach of faith. He did not this unuelcome reception, iliorc, and joined a party re throwing flones at our young man, who had been found this morning lying ajid a mat was throwii pie; foon after which they arrying him olF on their them chanting, as they At kngth the illanders be- lot tlie want of ability to nduced us at firft to tole- lled from molcfting our evening, a chief, named cd us, but whom wc knew idion, came with prefcnts nee. Thefc prefents were difniifTcd with the follow- would lie granted, till the loiild l)c rellorcd. From c tltfli of all the bones of 1, as well as the Iwncs of t i that the liiiib-bor.cs of )utcd among the inferior of Captain Cook had been cad to a great I:>cc, called liha-maiiia; and the i..ii)s, hoo. After it was dark, r with various forts of ve- /cd from Kaircekeea two tides. cipaily employed in fend- ages that palled between Ling. I'Jippo was very ur- \ fliould go on lliore ; and in the mean time, as an wever, was not complied promife of bringing the )ur watering party, at the : lead op|K)lit ion fron> the iig our cautious behaviour, noiigus without any marks . On Saturday the 20th, thcfatisfadlion of getting s oi^ration was attended ind fome danger, our ropes that the purchafc feveral le hours of ten and eleven, he natives dcfcending the ^, in a fort of procellion, ulilers twoor three fugar- , plantains, and taro, in cded by two drummers, water-fide, feated them- 'gan beating their drums, them, advanced, one by ts they had brought with d in the fame order. Soon 1 his long feathered cloak, :folcmnityin his hands; on a rock, he made ligns 1. Captain Gierke, fup- jght the bones of our late proved to be the cafe), receive them, and or- m in the cutter. When ipo, entering the pinnace, n Gierke, wrapped up in loth, and covered with a hite feathers. He aftcr- 1 to the Refolution, but company them on board ; *" decency, unwilling to tY e parcel. In this uc >uin Cook entire, which were COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— to the PACIFIC OCEAN, tec. 595 were well known to us from a fear ort one of thein, that divided the fore-linger from the thumb, the whole length of the metacarpal bone; the Ikull, but with the fcalp feparated from it, and the bones of the face want- ing; the fcalp, with the ears adhering to it, and the hair upon it cut Ihort; the bones of both the arms, with the Ikin of the fore-arms hanging to them; the bones of the thighs and legs joinecT together, but w ithout the feet. The ligaments of the joints were obfervcd to be entire; and the whole (hewed fulTicient marks of hav- ing been in the lire, except the hands, which had the Helh remaining upon them, and were cut in feveral places, and crammed with fait, molt probably with a view of prcfervino them. The Ikull was free from any fiadiire, but the icalp had a cut in the back part of it. The lower jaw and leet, which were wanting, had been llized, as Eappo informed us, by different Erees; and he alfo told us, that Terreeoboo was uling every means to recover them. The next morning, being the 21ft of February, Lapjx), ami the king's (on, came on board, and brought with them not only the remaining bones of Captain Cook, but liktwife the barrels of his gun, his flioes. and fome other trifles which had belonged to him. Eappo alTured us, that Terreeoboo, Maiha-maiha, and himfelf were extremely dafirous of peace; that they had given us the moll convincing proofs of it; and that they had been prevented from giving it fooner by the other chiefs, many of whom were ftill difaffcdted to us. He lamented, with the moft lively forrow, the death of fix chiefs, who had been killed by our people; fome of whom, he faid, were among our belt friends. He informed us, that the cutter had been taken away by Pareea's people, probably in revenge for the blow that he had received ; and that it had been broken up the fol- lowing day. The arms of the marines, which wc had alfo demanded, had been carried off, he faid, by the po- pulace and were irrecoverable. Nothing now remained, but to perform the lall fo- lemn olTices to our excellent Commander. Eappo was difmiffcd with orders to taboo all the bay ; and, in the afternoort, his remains having been depolited in a coffui, the funeral fervice was read over them, and they were committed to the deep with the ufual military honours. Our feelings, on this mournfu! jccalion, arc more eal'y to be conceived thanexpreffcd. 1»V CHAP. XVI. Tke 'tul/m laid mi ihe lut\ taken nff, ,jiiJ ihr Jl'ip! fuyroiimU\{ Ziilh CiiiKes — Orders fr the Refolution mid Difcovery to be un- moored — They zreljih ,iiiihor and take their departure from K(iriikiikoo,i lay — S.ii! in quejl of a harhiir on the f'-iutb-eaji Jide of Movcce — Drixen to leeziardhy the eurrent. and Ih-ong e,ii}rrly Ziinds — l\ifa Tohoormva — Soutb-wcji Jidc of Mo- icee defcrihed — Proeeed to U'oalmo — Its north coa/l defcribed — Difippvnled in attempting to tvater — Sail to Atooi ; and anchor in llyinoa bay — The natives not fo friendly as before — Their tnfolence in demanding a hatchet for ruery eafk of ■H'ater •--Treat our peop.'e ititb contempt — Steal Lieutenant King's banger — TIjeir infilence at Ihe zvaterjide — Are fired at by tvi-o marines —One of lljem 'u-oiinded — Tvijit from the contending Chiefs — Tbejbips anchor off Oneebcviv — Iheir dep.ir- tiire — // correal, copious, and complete account of Samkvicb Ijlands — Extent of (kvhyhee, ihelargefl of the zd'ole group- Its di/lrii'/s, coajis, adjacent country, i^c. defcribed — Anaccoiint of feveral other ijlands — A particular and full account of Ihe inhabitants of Sandxvicb Ijlands — Divijion of the people into three clajfes— Genealogical accmnt of the kings of Uzvhy- bce and Mixee — Aitlbority of the Erees — Tyranny of I'creea exercifed on an inferior chief — An account of their religion — Their fociety rfpriejis — Their ideas of a future jiale — A particular defcription of tbe zvord Taboo-'-A remarkable injlance cfjeaI'Mjy — Funeral cereiiunies at the death of an old Chief, \3c. i^c. isc. ON the 2:iul of IVbruary, 1779, during the morn- ing, not a canoe came near the bay, the taboo, which Ivippo, at our requeft, had laid on it the preceding day, having not yet been taken off. At length that thief canic on board; when we affurcd him that we were now perfecily fatisfied; and that, as the Orono was buried, all remembrance of the late unhappy tranf- a:tions was buried w ith him. Wc afterwards requefled him to take off the taboo, and to make it known, that liie iflanders might bring provilions to us as ufual. The lliips were foon furrounded w ith canoes, and many of the lirets came on board, expreffmg their grief at what had happened, and their fatisfaclion at our recon- ciliation. Several of our friends, who did not favour us witha vilit, fcnt prefents of large hogs, and other provilions. Among the relV, the old treacherous Koah tame off to us, but we rcfufed him admittance. We were now preparing to put to fea, and Captain Gierke imagining, that, if the intelligence of our proceedings Ihould reach the iflands to leeward before us, it might have a biid cffeiil, gave orders, that the Ihips (hould be iinnuKiied. About eight in the evening, we difmiffed all the natives; and Eappo, and the friendly Kaireekeea, took their leave of us in a very affedionate manner. We immediately weitjhed anchor, and ffood out of Ka- rakakooa bay. The illanders were affembled in great numbers on the fliorc; and, as we paffed along, received our lad farewels, with every mark of good-will and af- fedtion. About ten o'clock P. M. having cleared the land, we flood to the northward, with a view of fearch- ing for an harbour, w hich the natives had often men- tioned, on the fouth-eaft fide of Mowce. We found ourfelves, the next morning, driven to leeward, by a fwell from the N. E. and a frclli gale, from the fame tjuarter, drove us ftill farther to the welhvard. At midnight we tacked and Hood four hours to the S. to keep clear of the land ; and, at day-break, on the 24th, we were flanding towards a fmail barren ifland, named Tahoorowa, about feven miles S. W. of Mowee. Hav- ing now no profped of making a clofer examination of the S. E. parts of Mowee, we bore away, and kept along the S. E. fide of Tahoorowa. Steering dole round its weftern extremity, in order to fetch the W. fide of Mowee, we fuddenly flioaled our water, and faw the fea breaking on fome rocks almoft right a-head. \N'c then kept away about a league and a half, and again fteercd to the northward ; w hen we ftood for a paffage between Mowee, and an ifland named Ranai. In the afternoon, the weather was calm, with light airs from the W. We ftood to the N. N. W. but obfcrv- ing a flioal about funfet, and the weather being unfet- tled, wc ftood towards the S. We had paffed the S. W. lide of this ifland, without being able to approach the fhore. It forms the fame diftant view as the N. E. as feen when we returned from the N. in November, 1778; the hilly parts, connedcd by a low flat ifthmus, having, at the firft view, the appearance of two fcparate iflands. This deceptive appearance continued, till wc were within about ten leagues of the coaft, which bend- ing a great way inward, formed a capacious bay. The wefternmoft point, oft" which thelhoal runs that we have juft now mentioned, is rendered remarkable by a fmall hillock; S. of which is a fine fandy bay ; and, on the fliorc, are feveral huts, withplenty of cocoa-trees about them. In the courfe of the day, feveral of the natives vifited us, and brought provifions with them. We prc- fently difcovercd, tlut they had heard of our unfortu- nate difafters at Owhyhee. They were extremely anx- ious to be informed of the particulars, from a woman who had hid herfelf in the Refolution, in order to ob- tain a paffage to Atooi ; making particular enquiries about Pareca, and fome other chiefs i and fccming much agitated •SM 1,^ ,'. i»-^!>l 596 Capt. C O O Ks VOYAGES COMPLETE, agitated at the death of Kaneenii, and his brother. But, in whatever light this bufmefs mi^ht haVe been Tcprefentcd by the womart, h produced no bad etletit in their behaviour, which was civil and obliging to an ex- treme. On Thurfday, the 25th, in the momirig, the wind be ing at E. we Ocered alon^ the S. fide of Ranai, till al- moftTioon, when wc had liaffl ing winds and calms till the cvThing; after which, we had a hght ealleriy breeze, and flecfed for the \V. of Morotof. The current, which had fct from the N. E. ever lince we left Kara- kakooa bay, changed its dirce fertile, and «ell cultivated. An exten- live b.iy was obfcrvable to the fouthward, bounded, to theS. E. by a low point of land, covered with cocoa- nut trees ; ort" which, an infulated rock appeared, at the dilbnie of a mile from the fhorc. The wind con- tinuing to blow frelh, we were unwilling to entangle ourfelves with a lee-lhore. Inflcad of attempting, there- fore, to examine the hay, we hauled up, and (leered in the diretJtion of the coaft. At noon, we were about two leagues from the ifland, and a-breafl of the N. point ol it. It is low and flat, having a reef ftretching off almoft a mile and an half. Between the N. point, and a head-land to the S. W. the land bends inward, and feemed to promife a good road. We therefore fleered along the (liore, at about a mile didancc. At two, we were induced, by the fight of a fine river, to anchor in thirteen fathoms water. In the afternoon, Mr. King attended the two Captains on fhofc, where few of the natives were to be feen, and thofc princi- pally women. The men, we were informed, were gone to Morotoi, to fight Tahyterree; but their chief, Per- recoranee, remained behind, and would certainly attend us, as foon a* he was informed of our arrival. To our great diliippointment, the water had a brackift taftc, for about two hundred yards up the river; beyond which, however, it was peifcdly frefli, and was a de- lightful ftrcam. 1- 1 ther up, we came to the conflux of two fmall rivulets, branching off to the right and left of a flcep romantic mountain. The banks of the ri- ver, and all that we faw of Woahoo, are in fine culti- vation, and full of villages ; the face of the country be- ing alfo remarkably beautiful and pidurefque. It would have been a laborious bufinefs to have watered at this place, Mr. King was therefore difpatched to fearch about the coaft to leeward; but, being unable to land, on .iccount of a reef of coral, which extended along the rtiorc, Captain Clerk rcfolved to proceed immedi- ately to Atooi. In the morning, about eight, weweighcd and Hood to the north; and, on Sunday, the 28th, at (lay light, we bore away for that ifland, and were in fight of it by noon. We were off its eaflern extremity, which is a green flat point, about fun-fet. As it was dark, we did not venture to run for the road on the S. W. lide, but fpetit the night in plying on and off, and anchored, at nine the next morning, being Monday the I II of March, ir) 25 fathoms water. In running down, from the S. E. point of the ifland, we faw, in many places, the appearance of flioal water, at feme dillance from the land. Being anchored in our old ftation, feveral canoes came to vifit us; but it was very obfervable, that there was not that appearance of cor- diality in their manner, and complarency in iluir countenanccj, as when we faw them before. 'I'licv Wm\ noftK)neTgot onboard, but one of them informed u-, that we had communicated a diforder to the woiiuti, which had killed many perfons of both fixes. He, at that time, was afflided with the venereal difeafe, anil minutely defcnbed the various fymptoms which hud attended it. A« no appearance of that diforder liaj bcenobferved amongff them, on our tirll arrival, «( were, it is to be feared, the authors of ihi? irreparable mifchief. What we had principally in view, at tiiK place, was to water the (hips with as much expedition as poflible; and Mr. King was fcnt on (hore in the af- ternoon, with the launch and pinnace, laden with calk^. He was accompanied by the gunner of the Ketolution, who was intruded to trade for fome provilions; and they were attended by a guard of five marines. Multi- tudes of people werecollcdcd upon the beacH; by whom, at firft, we were kindly received ; but, after we had landed the cafks, they began to be exceedingly troul>le- fome. Knowing from experience, how diflitult • talk it was to reprefsthis difpofition, without the interjxifi- tionof their chiefs, we were forry to bo inlormed, that they were all at adiftant partof theilland. Indeed, we both felt and lamented the want of their alliflancc; for we could hardly form a circle, as ougpraofice ufually was, lor the fafcty ami convenience of the trading party. No fooner had we taken this ftep, and ported mnniu'i to keep off the populace, than a man ti>ok hold of the bayonet belonging to one of the loldier's muf- quets, and endeavoured to wrench it forcibly from hi^ hand. Mr. King immediately advanced towani? them, when the native quitted his hoKI, and rctiru.1 ; but immediately returned, having a fpear in one hand, and a dagger in the other; and it was w ith diiTiciiliy that his countrymen could reflrain him fioin engaging with tlie Ibldier. Thisallray was occalioned by then.i- tive's having receiveil, from the foldier, a flight prick with his bayonet, to induce him to keep without the line. At this time, our fituation required great ma- nagement and circumfpeiflion; Mr. King accordingly enjoined, that no one (hould prelume to fire, or proceed to any other ad of violence, without politive command.-.. Having given thefe inflruClions, he was fummoned to the afTiftancc of the watering party, where he found the natives in the fame mifchicvous diifpofition. They had peremptorily demanded, for every cafkof water,a large hatchet; which not beit^ complied with, they would not peimit the failors to roll them to the boats. When Mr. King had joined them, one of the natives ap- proached him, with great infolence, and made the liiinc demand. Mr. King told him, that as a friend, he was welcome to a hatchet, but he certainly would carry off the water, without paying for it; and inrtantly ordered the pinnace men to proceed; at the fame time calling for three marines, from the trading party, to protedt them. This becoming fpirit fo far liiccceded, as prevent any daring attempt to interrupt us ; bi- ucy flill perfevered in tne moft teafing and infulting beha- viour. Some of them, under pretence of allifting the faibrs, in rolling the calks towards the fhore.gavc them a different diretUon ; others ftole the hats from ofl'oiir people's heads, pulled them backward by the fkirts of their clothes, and tripped up their heels; the {)opulace, during all this time, (liouting and laughing, with a mix- ture of mockery and malice. They afterwards took an opportunity of flealing the cooper's bucket, and forci- bly took away his bag. Their principal aim, however) was to pofTefs themfelves of the mufquets of the ma- rines, who were continually complaining of their at- tempts to force them from their hands. Though they, in general, preferved a kind of deference and refpeit for Mr. King, yet they obliged him to contribute his (hare towards their flock of plunder. One of them approached him, in a familiar manner, and diverted his attention, whilft another feized his hanger, which he held carclefsl" in his hand, and ran away with it. Such in- folence was not to be repelled by force. Prudence dic- tated thatwc muft patiently fubmit to it; at the fame time, guarding againft its effects as well as' we were 4 able. "5.^ COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE-^To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. l^ n lu-lorc. Thcv h,„i \ fhem inforiTK-d n., irdcr to the vioirii'ti )oth ftxis. He, ar 'encrcal difcafi-, ami ">mproms wliich h.id ft that dilordcr haj |our tirrt arrival, m, r>f thi' irreparahir lally ni view, at ilm IS much expedition on (liorc in the ai- icc, laden wiihcalk? T of the Relohition, ime provilion>!j and ve marines. Multi- fhebeacli;bywhoin, i but, after wc had xccedin^ly trouble, how didiiuit a talk ithir.it the interjxili. to be inlormed, th;it cilland. Indeed, we their allidance; Cor ou* practice ufiially ot thciradinj^pjtity. ami pofled iinrims 1 man i-vok hold ol' f the roldu-rV; muf- it forcibly from his advanced toward? holil, and rctirud ; fptar in ont hand, was withdifTiciilty him (i,)in cnga^^ini; ccalioned bv thcMi.i- dicr, a (light prick okerp without the \ requiied great ma- r. King aciordingly K to fire, or proceed pofitivetoiiimand:. ; was fummoned to w here he found the "polition. They had :afkofwater,a large d with, they would :o the boats. When of the natives ap- andmade the fame as a friend, he was nly would carry off id inllantly ordered • fanie time calling g party, to proteA r fucceeded, as rnipt US; br ,.cy nd infulring bcha- ice of ainihng the icfhorc,gavethciii c hats from ofl our rd by the (kirts of cclsj the })opulace, ghing, with a mix- afterwards took an bucket, and forci. ipal aim, howcvcrj fquets of the ma- ining of their at- Is. Though they, rcnce and rcfpcit to contribute his :r. One of them r. and diverted his gcr.whichhcheld nth it. Such in- :. Prudence dic- toit; at the fame well at- wc were - - r able. iblf. Mr. King was, however, fomewhat alarmed, on being foon after informed by the ferjeant of marines, that, turning fuddcnly round, he faw a man behind him, armed with a dagger, irt thepolition of ftriking. Though he might, perhaps, be miftaken, in this parti- cular, our fituation was truly critical and ilarming ; and thefmallcft error or miftake, on oikr part, might have been of fatal confeqiiences. Our people being feparated into three fmall parties ; one filling calks at the lake; another rolling them to the (horei and a third purchafing provifions; Mr. King had fome intentions of collcdting them together, in order to protedl the performance of one duty at a time. But, on tliie refledion, he thought it more advifcable to let them proceed as they had begun. If a real attack had been made, even our whole force could have made but a poor refiftance. He thought, on the other hand, that fuch a ftep might operate to our difadvantage, as being an evident token of our fears. Befides, in the prefentcafe, the crowd was kept divided, and many of them wholly occupied in bartering. Perhaps the prin- cipal caufe of their not attacking us was, their dread of the eflfetfls of our arms; and, as we appeared to place fo much confidence in this advantage, as to op- pofconly five marines to fuch a multitude of people, their ideas of our fiipcriority muft have been greatly exalted. It was our bulinefs to cherifh ih'.s opinion; and, it muft ever be acknowledged, to the honour of the whole [wriy, that it was impolTible for any men to behave better, in order to rtrengthcn thefe imprellions. Whatever could be confidercd as a jeft, they received with patience ami good-nature; but, if they were in- terrupted by any ferious attempt, they oppofcd it with refolute looks and menaces. At length, we fo far fuc- ceeded, as to get all our calks to the fta-fide, without any accident of confequence: but, while our people were getting the calks into the launch, the inhabitants, thinking they (hould have no farther opportunity of plundering, grew more daring and infolcnt. The fer- jeant of marines luckily fuggclled to Mr. King, the ad- vantage of fending off his party firft into the boats, by which means the mufquets would be taken out of their reach ; which, as above related, were the grand objeds the illandeii had in view : and, if they flmuld happen to attack u«, the marines could more effetftually de- fend us, than if they were on lliore. Every thing was now m the boats, and only Mr. King, Mr. Anderfon, the gunner, and a feaman of the boat's crew, renuiincd on (hore. The pinnace laying beyond the furf, which wc were under a necefTity of fwimming through, Mr. King ordered the other two to make the bcft of their way to it, and told them he would follow them. They both rcfufcd to comply with this order, and it became a matter of contell, who (liould be the laft on fliorc. Soinc hafly exprefllon, it feems, Mr. King had jult be- fore made uft of to the failor, which he conlidcred as u rcrteclion on 1ms courage, and excited his refentment; »nd the old gunner, as a point of honour was now ftartcd, conceived it to be hi^ duty to take a part in it. Ifi this whimlical lituation, they, perhaps, might have long remained, had not the difpute been fettled by the ftoiv:s, which began to fly plentifully about us, and by the exclamations of the people from the boats, begging us to be expeditious, as the natives were armed with clubs and fpears, and purfuing us into the water. Mr. King arrived fitlV at the pinnace, and, jxrceiving Mr. Anilciroii was i'o far behind, as not to be entirely out of danger, he ordered one mufquet to be fired j but, in the hurry of executing his orders, the marines fired two. The natives immediately rrn aw.iy, leaving only one man and woman on the beach. The man attempted to rifefcvcral times, but was not able, having been wounded in the groin. The iflanders, in a (hort time, returned; and, furrounding the wounded man, brandifhed their fpears at us, with an air of defiance; but, by the time we xcachcd the ihips, fome perlbns arrived which we fuppofed 'to be the chiefs, by whom they were all driven from the fliore. During our abfence Captain Gierke had been under terrible apjjrchenfions for ourfafety; which had been conlidcrably incrcafcd by his mifunder- No. 73. landing fome of the natives, with whom he had con- verfed on board. The name of Captain Cook being frequently mentioned, accompanied with circumrtantial defcriptions of his death and deftrudtion, he concluded, that they had received intelligence of the unfortunate evrnts at Owhyhee, to which they alluded. But they wereonly endeavouring to milkchim undtrlland, what war« had arifen on account of the goats, which Cap- tain Cook had left at Onccheow, and that the poor gottt had been flaughtered, during the conteft for the property of them. Captain Clerke, applying thefe (hocking reprefcntations to our misfortunes at Ow hy- ♦»ee, ana to an indication of revenge, fixed his telefcope upon u« the whoie time ; and, as foon as he faw the fmoke of the mulqucts, ordered th-. boats to be put off to our afRftancc. On Tuefday, the 2d of March, in the morning, Mr. King was again ordered on fliore, with the watering party. As we had fo narrowly cfcaped the preceding day. Captain Clerke augmented our force from both (hips, and we had a guard of forty men under arms. This precaution, however, was found to be unnecelFary ; for the beach was left entirely to ourfelves, and the ground, extending from the landing-place to the lake, tabooed. Hence wc concluded, that lome of the chiefs had vifitcd this quarter; who,- being unable to flay, had confiderately taken this Hep, that we might be accom- modated with fiifety. Several men appeared with fpearg and daggers, on the other fide of the river, but never attempted to moleft us. Their women came over, and fcated themfelves clofe by us, on the banks; and about the middle of the day, fome of the men were prevailed on to bring us hogs and roots, and alfo to drefs them for us. When we had left the beach, they came down ro the fea-fidc,«nd one of them had thcaudac'fy to throw a ftone at us j but, as his condud was highly cenfurcd by the relt, we did not exprcfs any kind of refentment. On the 3d, wc completed our watering, without much difficulty ; and, on returning to the (hips, we were in- formed, that feveral chiefs had been on board, and had apologized for the condudt of their countrymen, attri- buting their rrotous behaviour to the quarrels thtn fub- filling among the principal people of the ifland, and which had deftroyed all order and fubordination. .^t this timcthc governmentof Aeooi was difputed between fonconeo, who had the fupreme power when wc were there the preceding year, and a youth named Tea\ec. By different fathers, they are both the grandfons of Pereeorannee, king of Woahoo; who gave Atooi to the fosmer, and Oneeheow to the latter. The quarrel originated about the goats which wc had left at Onee- heow the year before; they being claimed by Toneo- neo, as that illand was a dependency of his. The ad- herents of Teavee infilling on the right of polFcUion, both parties prepared to fuppori their prcienlions, and a battle enfued juft before our arrival, wherein Toneo- neo had been defeated. Toneoneo was likely to be- come more affcded by the confequence of this victory, than by the lofs of the objeds in difpute; for the mo- ther of Teavee having married a fecond hulband, who was not only a chief at Atooi, but alfo at the head of a powerful fadion there, he thought of embracing the prefent opportunity of driving. Toneoneo out of the ifland, that his fon-in-law might fucceed to the govern- ment. The goats, which had increafed to (ix, and would probably have flocked thefe ilhinds in a few- years, were deftroyed in this conteft. Thurfday^ the 4th, wc were vifited, on board the Refolution, by the lather-in-law, the mother, and the fifter of the young prince, who made feveral curious prcfents to Captain Clerke. Among the reft, were fome filh-hooks, which were made from the bones of Terrceoboo's father, who had been killed in an unfuccefsful defcent upon Woa- hoo. Alfo a fly-flap, from the hands of the prince's fifter, which had a human bone for its handle, and had been given to her by her lhthcr-in-law,asa trophy. They were not accompanied by young Teavee, he being then engaged in the performance of fome religious rites, on account of the vidory he had obtained. The 5th and 6th, were employed in completing the Difcovcry's water. 7 M The m M i 598 Capt. t. O O K'3 Voyages complete. The rarpcnters were en^ngul in caulking thc'fliips, and 1 1 preparing for our next cruifc. Wc no longer received any inolellation from the n.itivci, who fupplicd us plen- tifully with (X)rk and vegetables. ' This day we were vifited by an Indian, who brought a piece of iron on boards to be /iirnicd into the ibape of a pahooa. It wag the bolt of fonie lar>;c Ibip timbers, hut neither thcodiccrs nor men lould ilifcovef to what nation it belonged ; though from the Ihape of the bolt, and the palcncfs of the iron, they were convinced it wa^ not F.nglilli. They enquired llridly of the native how became poflefltd of it, when he informed them, that it was taken out of a large piece of limber, which had bech driven upon their iHaiul, fince wc were there in Januarys, 1778. 1 On Sunday, the 7th, wc received a vifit from Toner oneo, at which wc were furpriXed. Hearing the dowa- ger princefs was on board, he could hanlly be prevailed on to enter the lliip. When they met, they call an an- gry lowering look at each other. He did not ftay long, and appeared much dejetlcd. Wc remarked, however, with fonie degree of furprizc, that the women prortra- ted themfelves before him, both at his coming and going away; and all the natives on board treated him w ith that refpecl which is ufually paid to perfons of his rank. It was fomcwhat remarkable, that a man, who who was then in a llatc of aChial hoftility with Teavee's party, (hould venture alone within the power of his ene- mies. Indeed, the civil diirenfions, which are frequent in all the fouth fca iflands, feem to be condudtcd with- out much acrimony ; the dcpofed governor Itill enjoy- ing the rank of an Erce, and may put in pradtice ifuch means as may arife, to regain the confequence which he has lolt. On the 8th, at nine in the morning, wc weighed, and proccedgd towards Oncehcow, and came to anchor in :o fathoms water, at about three in the afternoon, nearly on the fpot where wc anchored in 1778. With the other anchor, we moored in 26 fathoms water. We had a llrong gale from the caftward in the night, and, the next tnorning, the (hip had dri> ."n a whole cable's length, both anchors being almoin brought .i-head; in which fituation wc were obliged to continue, this and the two following dayi. On Friday, the 1 2th, the weather being more mode- rate, the Mafter was difpatchcd to the N. W. fide of the illand, in fearch of a more commodious place for an- choring. In the evening he returned, having found a fine bay, with good anchorage, in 1 8 fathoms water. 1 he points of the bay were in the direction of N. by E. and S. by W. A final! village waslituatcd on thcN. (ide of the bay, to the call ward of which were four wells of good water. Mr. Bligb went far enough to the N. to ( onvincc himfelf that Orechoua, and Oneeheow, were tuo fcparate illands. Being now on the point ot taking our final leave of the Sanilwich Iflands, it may be pro- per to give here a general and corrcd account of their iituation, and natural hiftory, as well as of the cufloms and manners of the natives; which will fcrve as a kind of fupplement to a former defcription, the refult of our i'nl) villi to thefe iflands. This group is compofed of 1 1 iflands, extending in lonjj;. from 199 deg. 36 min. to 205 deg. 6 min. E. and in lat. from 18 deg. 54 min. to 22 deg. 15 min. N. Their names, according to the natives, are, i . Owhyhec, ?. Atooi, Atowi, or 'I'owi; which is alfo fomctimes eallcd Kowi. 3. Woahoo, or Oahoo. 4. Mowee. 5. Morotoi, or Morokoi. 6. Orechoua, or Keehoua. 7. Moiotinnee, or Morokinncc. 8. Tahoora, 9. Ranai, or Oranai. 10. Oneeheow, or Nehecow. 1 1 . Kahow- lowee, or Tahoorowa, Thefe arc all inhabited, except Tahoora and Mirotinnee. Belidcs thofc we have enu- merated, wc heard of another ifland named Modoo.pa- papa, or Komodoo-papapa, fituatcd to the W. S. W . of I'ahoora ; it is low and fandy, and is vifited folely for the purpofc of catching turtle and water-fowl. As we could never le»rn that the natives had knowledge of any uihcr iflands, it is moft probable that no others cxift in their ncighbourhootl. Captain Cook had dillinguifhcd this cluftcr of ifland* by the name of the Sandwich a 1(1 andj, in honour of the Earl of Sandwich, then firll L'lrd of the Adr^iralry, under whofe adininillrjtion he had enriched Geography w ith fo many valuable difco. verics; a tribute juflly due to that nobleman, for the encouragement and fupport which thefe voyages dc- rived from hii power, anil for the zealous eaeernefs with which he fecondcd the views of our illuiirious navi. gator. The moll eriftcrly of thefe iflands, called Owhyhec, and by far the largeft of them all, is of a triangular fi. gurc, and nearly equilateral. The angular points con- ftitute the northern, fouthern, and eaflern extremities. The lar. of the northern extreme is 20 deg. 17 min. N. and its long. 204 deg. 2 min. E. the fouthern end flandt in the long, of 204 deg. 1 5 min. E. and in the lat. of 18 deg. 54 min. N. and the caftcrn extremity is in the lat. of 19 deg. 34 min. N. and in the long, of 205 deg. 6 min. E. The circumference of the whole ifland is about 25^ geographical miles, or 293 Englifli ones. Its breadth is 24 leagues; and its greatef^ length, which lies nearly in a N. and S. diredion, is 28 leagues and a half. It is divided into (ix cxtenlive dillrids, namely, Akona and Koaarra, which are on the W. lidcj Kaoo and Opoona, on the S. K. and Aheedoo and Amakooa, on the N. E. A mountain, named Mouna Kaah, (or the mountain Kaah) which rifcs in three peaks, conti- nually covered with fliow, and may be difcerned at the diftance of 40 leagues, feparates the diftrid of Ama. kooa from that of Aheedoo. The coalt, to the north- ward of this mountain, is compofed of high and abrupt clilTs, down v. hich fall many beautiful cafcades of water. We once flattered ourfelvcs with the hopes of finding a harbour round a bluff head, on a part of this coad, in the lat. of 20 deg. 10 min. N. and the long, of 204 deg. 26 min. E. but after we had doubled the point, and were Handing clofe in, wc found that it was connedltd, by alow vallcv, with another elevated head tothcnorth- weflward. 'I'he country rifcs inland with a gradual afcent, and is interfecled by narrow deep glens, or ra- ther chafms : it feemcd to be well cultivated, and to have many villages fcattercd about it. The fnowy moun- tain above-mentioned is very ftcep, and its lo'vell part abounds with wood. The coall of Aheedoo is of a mo- derate elevation ; and the interior parts have the appear- ance of being more evin than the country towards the N. W. We cruifcd oft" thefe two diftridls for near a month ; and whenever our diflanoe from the fliore would permit, were fuirounded by canoes laden with refrefli- ments of every kind. On this fide of the ifland, we of- ten met with a very heavy fea, and a great fwcll; and, as there was much foul ground off the (hore, we feldom made a nearer approach to the land than two or three leagues. Towards the N. E. of A|x)ona, the coaft, which conrtitutcs the calhrn extreme of the ifland, is rather low and flat. In the inland parts the acclivity is -cry gradual ; and the country abounds with bread-fruit, and cocoa-nut trees. This appeared to us to be the fineft part of the whole ifland; and we were afterwards in- formed, that the king occafionally refided here. The hills, at the fouth-wcflrrn extremity, rife with fome ab- ruptnefs from the fea-fide, leaving dnly a narrow bor- der of low land towards the beach. The fides of thefe hills were covered with verdure; but the adjacent coun- try feemed thinly inhabited. When our fliips doubled the E. point of the ifland, wc had fight of another fnowy mountain, called by the natives, Mouna Roa (or the cxtenflve mountain) which, during the whole time we were failing along the foutli-caftern fide, continued to be a very confpicuous object. It was Hat at the funv niit, which was perpetually involved in fnow; and wc once obfcrved its fides alfo flighily covered with it for a confiderabic way down. According to the tropical line of fnow, as determined by Monficur Condamine, from obfcrvations made on the Cordilleras in America, the height of this mountain mult be, at leaft, 16,020 feet. It therefore exceeds the height of the Pico de Teydc, or Peak of Tencrilfe, by 9680 feet, according to the com- putation of the Chevalier de Borda, or 724, accordin«j to that of Or. Hebcrden. The peaks of Mouna Kaah feemcd to be of the height of about half a mile: and, as ^ M E. Sandwich, then firll ole adiniMiUcation he many v.nluable djfco. 'I "?H'''^-'". for the ■n thcfc voyages dc. EcalouscaBcrncfswith our illuftrious navi. ds, called Owhyhcc, is of a triangular ft ' - angular pointi con- i eallern extremities. »20dcg. lymin. N. c fouthern end ftandi K- and in the lat. of n extremity is in the he long, of loj deg. i the whole ifland is 93 Knglifh ones. Its :atcft length, which , is 2 8 leagues and a vc diHrii!]s, natnelv, ' the W. lidci Kao'o tiloo and Amakooa, ;d Mouna Kaah, (or three peaks, conti- be difcerned at the ur diftrid of Ama. coart, to the north. > of high and abrupt Fulcafcades of water, c hopes of finding a )artofthiscoaft, in belong, of 104 deg. )led the point, and Jt it was conneifltd, dhcadtothenorth- ind with a gradual ' deep glens, or ra- cultivated, and to . The fnow y ruoun- and its lotvell part ^hcedoo is of a mo- lts have the appear* ountry towards the dirtridls for near a om the fliorc would laden with refrcfli- )ftheifland. weof- » great fwcll; and, >c (horc. we fcldom I than two or three m, the coaft, which ic ifland. is rather •le acclivity is -cry th bread-fruit, and IS to be the fincfl :Te afterwards in- i-fidcd here. The rife with fome ab- ily a narrow bor- The fides of thcfe ;hc adjacent coun- our fliips doubled fight of another i, Mouna Roa (or ig the w hole time 1 fide, continued IS Hat at the fum- in fnowi and we cred with it for a ) the tropical line 'ondamine, from in America, the eafl, i6,oio feet, 'ico dc Teydc, or ling to the com- rj2^, according of Mouna Kaah »If a mile : and, at r ^ i^^ 1 I 1^ s^. m 5v ^ V m m a H n ■%. b^ S^, M u h i M~ \--4' ■ ■»»"' , =- I 1/ .'~n 'i'V- i»: ■ »■ .#.■ 'V. 'V- X'-«- ^*; COOK'S THIRD and LAST V()YaGE~To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 599 ai they trc wholly ccivcred with fiiow, the altitude of ihcir ftimniits mull at lead be 1 8,400 lect. The (lillrii^t of Kaoo cxhiblis a moll horrid and dif- iii.il piofped; the whole country ha»inj% to appearance, iiiiderjfoiic an entire change from the ronfequeiut* ol foinc dreadful convullion. The ^^round is, in all part*, covered with cinders i and, in many places, intcrlcillcil vMLh l)!.\i kill) ftrcaks, which fecni to mark the proj^n fs of a lava that has flowed, not many centuries a^o, from Molina Roa to the (liore. The fouth promontory ap- pear like the mere drejjH of a volcano. The head-land cunfilU of broken and craj^j^y locki, terminating in acute points, and irregularly piled on eac h otiiir, Not- Miihllumlinj; t! cdieary al'pcc't of this jiart of the i(l;\nii, it contains many villages, and is far more po|iuloiifi than the verdant mouiuaini of Apoona. Nor is it dilfitult to ai.r.ount for this circumftancc. Thel'e iflanders not being iwnKfed of any cattle, have no oicafion tor pil- tui.ige i and are tlicrefore inclined to prefer fuch ground as is either more conveniently lituatrd for filliinj.^ or beft ailapted to the cultiv.uion of |)lantains and yams. Now ainidll thel'e ruins, there arc many fpots ot rii h foil, which are with great care laid out in plantations! and the neighbouring fca abounds with excelli nt filli of various kinds. OlVihis part of the coall, at lels thin a cable's length from the ihorc, we did not (hike ground with ifio f.ithoms of line, except in a fm.ill bight to the I'', of the fouthern point, where we found fiom 50 to j8 fathoms of water, over a fanily bottom. It may be proper to obfervc, before we pioceed to give an aecount of the weOei n di(trii.'ls, that the whole coaft w e have defcribcd, from the northern to the fouthern extreme, atlbrds not a (iugle harlK)iir, noi the Icall (helier for fliipping. The fotitli-wellern parts of .\kona are in a condition limilar to that of the adioiningdiHrirt ot Kaoo; l)ut the coun- try further towards the N. has been carefully cultivated, an.l is exi'cedinj'Jy populous. In this divillon of the illand Iks Karak.tkooa ba), of which we have already given a defeiijitjon. Scarce any thing is fccn .liong the coall, but the fragments of black fiorched rocks ; be- hind whh h, the ground, for the fpacc of about two miles and a halt", rifcs gradually, and fecms to have been once covered wiih loofeburiu itoncs. Thefe have bcenc iMred away by the inhabitants, frequently loihcdeptl. of '! ree feet and upwards; and the fertility of the foil Ikis a.nply repaid their l.ibour. Here they cultivate in a rich alhy mould, the cloth-plant and fweet potatoes. Groves of t(Koa-nut-tree^ are li altered among the tields, which arc cncUifed with (lone fences. On the riling ground beyond thefe the) plant bread-fruit tree;, which Houriih with fur(irifing luxui lance. The diflrid of Koaarra ex- tends from the mod wclUrly \K>\nt to the northern ex- treme of the iPind. The whole coal! between them forms a fpacious bay, which is called by the natives Toevah-yah, and is bounded to the northward by two (•onlpicuous hills. Towards the bottom of this bay, there is foul, corilly ground, that extends to the ditlance of upwards of a luiie froin the fliorc, without which there is good anchoiMge. 'f he country, as far as the eye could tlikern, appeaiTil to be fruitful anil )H)pulous; but no frefli water was t(» be found. The foil ftenred to be of the fame kind with that of the diftrid of Kaoo. Having thus deli ribtd the coails of the illand of O- whyhce, and the adjacent country, we (hall now relate foine particulars refpeding the interior parts, from the inforniation we obtained from a party, who fet out on the 26th of January, on an expedition up the country, principally with an intention of reaching the fnowy mountains. I laving previoufly procured two of the illanders to ferve them as guides, they quitted the vil- lage about four o'clock in the afternoon. Xl^circourfc was caCerly, inclining a little to the (buth. Within three or four miles from the bay, they found the country ivs 4Ir^dy. defcribcd; but the hills afterwards rofe with a IcfsCfadualallent, ^hich brought then) tolbmccxten- livc pJantitlonijConliding of the tarooreddy root, and fweet potatoes, w ith plants of the cloth-tree. Both the taro and the fweet potatoes arc here planted at the dif- taiifqoffour feet froir) each other. The potatoes arc , carthfctl up almoft to llic top gf the ftalk, with a pro- per quantity of light moulil. The taro is left bare to the root, uni\ the mould round it i.i put in the form of a ba- l()ii, tor the pui pole of holding the rain-waier; this root leiiuinng a ceiiain degiicof nioinurf. Ai the hrieiully ami .Society llles, the taio was conlhinrlv planted in low and moil! liiiiationii, and generally i'l tliol'e places w here there was ilie convenieiK y ol a rivuUr to Hood it. This mode of culture was (onlidered as :ibrolutely nccclfaryi but we now found that this roof, with the precaution be- I'oie-nieiitioncd, fuccceds equally well in ,1 more dry (i- tu.ition. It was, indeed rem.irkid by all of us, thiit thu taro of the S.indwich lllamis was the bell we had ever tailed. Thi walls, by wlii; h tlieli- plantations arc fe- p.irated from each other, are KMiipoled of the loofc burnt Hones, which are met with in clearing the ground; and, being totally concealed by fugar-cnnes, that arc planted dole on each tide, form the moll beautiful fences that can be imagined. Our party Hopped lor the night at the fecond hut they oMcrveil among the plantations, where they fuppofed tlirmfelvcs to be (ix or (even miles diflant from our fliips. 'I'lic prolpcCt from this I'pot was defcribcd by them as very delightful: they had a view ot our vellcls in the bay bif'ore them; to the left they faw a continued range of vill.igcs, intcr- (pert'cil with groves of coco,:-iuit-freeii, l'|ireadiiig along tnethorej a thick wood cxtei ding itfellbehind them; and, to the right, a very coiiliderable extent of ground, laid out with L^reat regul.irity in vvell-c.iiltivatcd planta- tions, ililplaycd iilelt 10 their view. Near this Ipot the natives poiiued out to them, at a dillance fiom every other dwelling, the relidence of a hermit, who, they faid, had, in the former jiart ot his lite, been a great chief and warrior, but had long ago retired from the fca-coafl of the idand, and now never quitted the environs of hi« cottage. As they approached him, they prolUated them- felves, aiul atterw.irils prefentcd him with fome pinvi- (ions. His behaviour wa'; ealy, frank, and cheaifiil. He teltilied little alUinillimint at the lightof our people, and though prelli'd to accept of lome b'uropeau curiolitics, he thought proper to decline the offer, and foon retired to his cottage. (Air party reprefented hitn as by far the mod aged perfon they had ever fecn; judging him to be, at a moderate computation, upwards of a hundred years of .age. As they had (iippofed that the moun- tain was not more than ten or a do/en miles didant Irom the bay, and confequv-'nily expeded to reach it with cafe early the following morning, they were now greatly ("urprized to (ind the didancc Icarce perceivablv diminidicd. This circumdance, with the uninhabited date of the country which they were on the point of en- tering, rendering it nccefi'ary to provide a fupply ofpro- vidons. they difpatchcd one of their ronduilors back to the village for that purpofe. Whild they waited his re- turn, they were joined by feveral of Kaoo's fervants, whom that generous old man had lent after them, loaded with refrcdimcnts, and fully authorized, as their rout lay through his grounds, to demand, and take away with them whatever they might want. Our travellers were furprized on dnding the cold here fo intcnfe. Dut, as they had no thcrinometer w ith them, they could only form their judgment of it from their feelings; which, from the warm atmofphere they had quitted, mud have been a very fallacious method of judging. They found it, however, fo cold, that they could fearce get any deep, and the idanders could not deep at all; both panics being didurbed, during the whole night, by continual coughing. As they, at this time, coiili' not be at any very great height, their dillance from the lea being no more than dx or I'even miles, and pa;t of the road on a very moderate afccnt, this uncommon degree of cold mud'hc attributed to the caderly wind blowing fredi over the fnowy mountains. Early the next morning, dicy proceeded on their journey, and filled their cali- balhes at a well of excellent water, dtuafc about half a mile from their hut. After they had paflcd the plan- tations, they arrived at a thick wood, which they en- tered by a path that had been madcforthe convenience of the idanders, who frequently repair thither for the purpofe of catching birds, as well as procuring the wild or horfc-plantain. Their progrcfs now be.amc ex- tremely I ?.>i',« 4'!' mi\ ; 6oo Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. tremcly How, and was attended with great labour i for the ground wis either fwampy, or covered with large ftones ; the path narrow, and often interrupted by trees lying acrofs it, which they were obliged to climb over, as the thicknefs of the underwood, on each fide, ren- dered it impratflicable to pafs round them. They faw, in thcfe wi ods, pieces of white cloth fixed on poles, at fmall difti nces, which they imagined were land marks for the divifion of property, as they only obfervcd them where the wild plantains grew. The trees were of the fame kind with the fpicc tree of New Holland; ihcy uere ftraight and lofty, and their circumference wai from two to four feet. Having advanced nine or ten miles in the wood, they had the mortification of finding themfelvcs, fuddenly, within fight of the fea, and not very far from it; the path having turned off" imper- ceptibly to the S. and carried them to the right of the mour.tAin, which it was their intention to reach Their difappointment was confiderably heightened by the un- certainty under which they now were with refped to its true bearings, as they could not at prcfent gain a view of it from the top of the highcft trees. They, there- fore, thought proper to walk back fix or fevcn miles to an unoccupied hut, where they had left two of their own people, and three of the natives, with the fmall remnant of their provifions. Here they pafled the fe- cond night, during which the air was fo extremely fliarp, that, by the morning, their guides were all gone off, except one. Being at this time in want of provifions, which laid them unJer a ncceffity of returning to fomc of the cul- tivated parts of the ifiand, they left the wood by the fame path by which they had entered it. When they arrived ;'r the plantations, they were furrounded by the iflandcrs, from whom they purchafed a frelh fupply of ncceffaries; and prevailed upon two of them to accom- pany them as guides, in the room of thofe who had | gone away. Having procured the bcft information they could polTibly obtain with regard to the dirc(5lion of their road, the party, who were r.^w nine in num- ber, marched for about half a dozen miles along the (kirts of the wood, and then entered it again by a path leadmg towards the E. They pafitrd, for the firft three miles, through a foreftof lofty fpict-trecs, which grew on a rich loam. At the back of thefc trees they met with a'l equal extent of low flirubby trees, together with a confiderablc quantity of thick under-wood, upon a bottom of loofc burnt ftones. This led them to another foreft of fpicc-trees, and the fame rich brownilh foil, which was again fuccecded by a barren ridge of a (imilar kind with the former. Thefe ridges, as far as they could be fecn, appeared to run parallel with the fea fhore, and to have Mouna Roa for their centre. In pafllng t! rough the woods they found many unfi- nifiied canoes, and huts in fcveral places; but they faw none of the inhabitants. After they had penetrated almoft three miles into the fccond wood, they arrived at two huts, where they ftoppc | being greatly fatigued with the day's journey, in the courfc of which they had walked, according to their own computation, at Icift twenty miles. Having found no fprings from the time they quitted the plantations, they had greatly fuffercd from the violence of their thirft; in confcqucnce of which they were obliged, before the evening came on, to feparate into finall parties, and go in queltof water. They, at laft, met with fome that had been left by rain in the bottom of a half-finilhcd canoe; which, though of a reddifh colour, was no meant unwelcome to them. Throughout the night, the cold was more intenfe than before ; and though they had taken care to wrap them- felvcs ap in mats and clothes of the country, and to keep a large fire between the two huts, they could get but very littl' deep, and were under the necefiity cf walking about for the greateft part of the night. Their elevation was now, in all probability, pretty confider- able, ai the eroi- J, over which their jourrry lay, had been generally on the afcent. On the next morning, which was the 29th, they fet out early, with an intention of making their laft and greateft effort to reach the. ^wy muuntalBj but thcif fpirits were conflderabl/ de- preflcd. on finding that the miftrable pittance of wa- ter, which they had difcovered the preceding night, was expended. The path, which reached no farther than where canoes had been built, being now termi- nated, the; were obliged to make their way as well as they could ; frequently climbing up into the moft lofty tree*, to explore the furrounding country. They arr rived, about eleven o'clock, at a ridge of burnt ftones, from the top of which they had a profpedl of the MounsRoa, which then appeared to be at the diftancc of between twelve and fourteen miles from them. They now entered into a confultation, whether they ft^ould proceed any further, or reft contented with the view before them of the fnowy mountain. Since the path had ceafed, their road had become highly fatigu- mg, and was growing ftill more fo, every (wp they ad- vanced. The ground was almoft every where broken into deep fiflures, which, being fiightly covered with mofs, made them ftiimble almoft continually ; and the intervening fpaceconlifted of a furface of loofc burnt ftones, which broke under their feet. Into fome of thcfc jillures they threw ftones, which fccmed from the noifc they made, to fall toa coiifiderabiedcpth; and the ground foimdcd hollow as they walked upon it. Bc- lidc> thcfe circumftances, which difcoura[^cd them from proceeding, they found their conduiltors fo averic to going on, that they had reafon to think they would not be prevailed on to remnin out another night. They, therefore, at length came to a determination of returning to the ftiips, after taking a fiirvcy of the country from the highcft trees they could find. From this elevation, they perceived themfelvcs furrounded with wood towards the fea; they were iinahlc to diftin- guilh, in the horizon, the flcy from the water; and be- twixt them and the fnowy mountain, was a vallcv of about eight miles in breadth. They pafTcd thi? night at a hut in the fccond foreft; and the following day, before noon, they had pafled the firft wood, and found themfelvcs nine or ten miles to the N. E. of the fliips, towards which they marched through the pLin- tations. A/i they walked along, they did not ohfcrvc a fpotof ground, that was fufccptibic of improvement, left unplantcd ; and, indeed, the country, from their ac- count, could fcarcely be cultivated to greater advantage for the purpofcs of the natives. They were fiirprifed at feeing feveral fields of hay; and, upon their enquiry', to what particular ufe it was applied, they were in- formed, that it was intended to cover the grounds where the young taro grew, in order to prcfcrvc them from being fcorched by the rays of the fun. They ob- fervcd, among the plantations, a few huts fcattcrrd about, which afforded cccafional ftielter to the la- bourers: but they did not fee any villages at a greater diftancc from the fea than four or five miles. Near one of them, which was fituatcd about four miles from the bay, they difccvcrcd a cave, forty fathoms in length, three in breadth, and of the fame height. It was open at each end; its fides were fluted, as if wrought with a chilTel ; and the furface was gla, cd over, perhaps by the aflion of fire. Having thus related the principal circumftanccs that occurred in the ex- pedition to the fnowy mountain at Owhyhee, we ftiall now proceed to dcfcribe the other iflands )f this groupe. Tnat which is next in fizc, and neareft in fituation to Owhyhee, is Mowee. It ftands at the c^iftancc of eight leagues N. N. W. from Owhyhee, and is 140 geographical miles in circuit. It is divided b) 1 low ifthmus into two circular peninfulas, of which that to the eaftward it named Whamadooa, and i^ twice as large at that to the W, callcdOwhyrookoo. The moun- tains in both rife to a very great heigiu, as wc t\crc able to fee them at the diftance of about 30 leagues. The northern fhorct, like thofe of the ifle of Owhyhee, afl^ord no foundings ; and the couittry bean the fame afped of fertility and verdure. The E. point of Mo- wee is in the latitude of 20 deg. tlie N. Fi. of the hrough the pLin- did not olifcrvc a of i>npro\cmcnt, try, from their ac- greatcr advantage cy were furprifed Don their enquiry, cd, they were in- jvcr the ground* to prcfcrvc them c fun. They ob- ;w huts fcattcrcd iiclter to the la- lagcs at a greater ive miles. Near ibout four miles , forty fathoms in fame height. It ere fluted, as if c w as gla, cd over, ving th'is related riirrcd in the cx- at Owhyhec, wc icr iflands )f this eared in firuation at the f^iftancc of hcc, and is I40 divided b) 1 low of which th«t to , and is twice as )koo. Themoun- g'lit, as wc t^crc bcrut 30 leagues. jideofOwhyhce, ■y bears the fame E. point of Mo- } mih. N. and iti , To Aeftwth- icent iflanda, wc is, over a bottom of '^^M :4S*h- ^'■ .• ^"-".. -.' ■ ■■ ■ ••*";r / > ■A ,'.!♦ •• '. , %• ■■■Jf-.,^ ,■■- ■ .k '- ■.":■ * - •^-^^^ :..-2m^' COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 6ci mil I of fand. From the wpftcrn point, which is rather low, runs a (hoal, extending towards the iflaiid of Ranai, to a conliderable diftancc; and to the S. of this, is an ex- tenfivc bay, with a fandy beach, fliadcd with cocoa- trccs. It is not improbable, that good anchorage might be met with here, with ilicltcr from the prevailing winds ; and that the beach affords a commodious land- ing-place. The country further back is very romantic in its appearance. The hills rife almoft perpendicu- larly, exhibiting a variety of peaked forms; and their fteep fides, as well as the deep chafms between them, arc covered with trees, among which thofc of the bread- fruit principally abound. The funmiits of thefe hills arc perfcdly bare, and of a reddifli brown hue. The natives informed us, that there was a harbour to the S. ot the eallern point, which they affcrtcd was fupcrior to that of Karakaknoa ; and we alio heard that there was another harbour, named Keepookccpoo, on the north-wcllern fide. Kunai is about nine miles dirtant frotn Mowce and Morotoi, and is lituate to the S. W. of the palFage be- tween thofc two ifles. The country, towards the .S. is elevated and CI. iggy; but the other parts of the idand had a better appearance, and fcemed to be well inha- bited. It nboundi in roots, fuch as fwret potatoes, taro, and yams; but produces very few plantains, and bread-fruit trees. 'I he S. point of Ranai is in the la- titude of io dcg. 46 mill. N. and in the longitude of •20 { dog. 8 iiiin. IL Moiotoi lies at the diflance of two leagues and a half to the W. N. \V. of Mowee. Its fouth-wclTcrn coall, which was the only part of it we approached, is very low ; but the land behind rifes to a conliderable elevation; and, at the dillance from whiih we liul a view of it, appeared to be dcflitute of wood. Yams arc its principal prcxluce; and it may probably contain frclh water. The coaft, on the fouthern and wcilern (ides of the iiland, forms feveral bays, that promifc a tolcnble llielter from the trade winds. The W. point of Morotoi is in the longitude of 202 dcg. 46 min. K. and in the latitude of 21 ileg. lomin. N. Tah(V)rowa is a fmall ifland fituatcd off the fouth- wellern part of Mowce, from which it is nine miles dif- lant. It is dcllitutc of wood, and its foil feems to be fandy and unfertile. Its latitude is 20 deg. 38 min. N. and its longitude 20); dcg. 27 min. !•-. lietween it and Mowee llandii the little illand of Morrotinnce, which has no inhabitants, Woahoo lies about fevcn leagues to the N. W. of Morotoi. As far as we were enabled to judge, from the appearance of the north-weftern and norih-ealh-rn parts (for we had not an oppoitunity of feeing the fouthern fide) it in by far thefineft of all the Sandwich Klands. The verdure of the hills, the variety of wood »nd lawn, and fertile well cultivated valleys, which the whole face of the country prefented to view, could not he exceeded. Having already dcfcribcd the bay in which we anchored, formed by the northern and wef- icrn extremes, it remains for us to obferve, that, in the bight of the bay, to the fouthward of our anchoring- place, wc met with loul rocky ground, about two miles from the flwrc. If the ground tackling of a (hip fliould happcnto be weak, and thewind blow with violence from the N. to which quarter the ro.id is entirely open, this circumllancc might be attended with fome degree of danger: but, provided the cables were good, there would be no great hazard, as the ground from the anchoring- placc, which is oppofue the valley through which the river runs, to the northern point, confills of aline fand. The latitude of our anchoring-place is 21 deg. 43 min. N. and the longitude 202 deg. 9 min. E. The dillri»!^t of Atooi is about 25 leagues to the N. W. of Woahoo. Towards the N. E. and N. W, the face of the country is ragged and broken ; but, to the fouthward, it ta nnore even ; the hills rife from the fea- fide with a gentle acclivity, and, at a little difta/icc back, are covered with wood. Its produce is the fame with that of the other iflands of this cluftcr; but its inhabitant! greatly excel the people of all the neigh- bouring illand$ in the management of thci r pi antations . No. 7 J. ./nionri,} ■>c\:i>\ !1 • In the low grounds, contiguous to the bay wherein we anchored, thefe plantations were regulaily divided by deep ditehesj the fences were formed with a neatnefs approaching to elegance, and the roads through them were finillied in fuch ' manner, as would "haVe refledcd credit even 011 an European engineer. The longitude of Wymoa Bay, in this illand, i.s 200 deg. 20 min, E. and its latitude 2i deg. 57 min. N. Oneehcow is live or fix leagues to the wcftvvard of Atooi. Its eartern coafl: is high, and rifcs with abrupt- nefs from the fea; but the other parts of the ifland conlill of low ground, except a round blu If head on the fouth-cartern point. It produces plenty of yams, and of the (weet root called tee. The anchoring-place at this illand lies in the latitude of 21 dcg. 50 min. N. and in the longitude of 199 deg. 45 min. E. Orcchoua and Tahoora arc two little iflands, fituatc in the neighbourhood of Onechcow. The former is an ticvatcd hummock, connc^lcd with the northenx extrctnc of Onrcheow, by a reef of coral rocks. Its latitude is 22 dcg. 2 min. N. and its longitude 199 dcg. 52 mill. E. The latter Ifands to the S. E. and is un- inhalmcd: its longitude is 199 dcg. j6 min. E. and its latitude 2r dcg. 4} min. N. The climate of the Sandwich Kirs is, perhaps, rather more temperate than that of the Well India iflands, which arc in the fame latitude; but the tliffcrcncc is very inconlidcrablc. The thermometer, on Ihorc near Kaiakakooa Iky, never mfe to a greater height than 88 dcg. and that but one day: its mean height, at tvvcive o'clock, was 8 { dcg. Its mean hciglit at noon, in Wy- moa Biv, was 76 dcg. and, when out at i'ca, 71, dcr. In the ifland of Jamaica, the mean height of the ther- nioiiKter, at twelve o'clock, is about 86 dcg. at fea, 80 dcg. Whether thefe ill.inds are fubjecl to the fame violent wnuls and hurricanes with the Welt Indies, wc could nor afccrtain,as wc were not here during any of the teiiipclUious months. Hcwevcr, as no vefliges of their ellccts were any where to be fcen, and as the iflandcrs gave us nopolitivc tedimony of the faft, it is probable, that, in this particular, tliey rcfemble the Friendly and Society lllcs, which are, in a great degree, free from (uch tremendous vilitations. There was a greater quantity of rain, particularly in the interior partt,during the four winter months that vvccontinued among thefe iflandcrs, than commonly fulls in the Well Indies in the dry feafon. We generally obfervcd clouds ciillccling round the fummits of the hills, and protlucing rain to leeward; but after the wind has fc- parated tiiem from the land, they difperfc, and arc loft, and others fupply their place. This occurred daily at Owhyhcc; the mountainous parts being ufually envc- lopcil in a cloud ; (howersfuccellivcly falling in the in- land country ; w ith a clear Iky, and tine weather, in the neighbourhood of the fliore. The winds were, for the molt part, from E. S. E. to N. E. In the harbour of Karakakooa we had every day and night a fea and land breeze. The currents lometimcsfct to windward, and at other times to leeward, without the leaft regularity. They did notfcem to be directed by the winds, nor by any other caufe that we can aflign: they often fct to windward againft a frcfli breeze. The tides arc ex- ceedingly regular, ebbing and Hewing fix hours each. The tlood-tidc comes from the E. and, at the full and change of the moon, it is high-water at three quarters of an hour after three o'clock. Their grcateft rife is two feet feven inches. The quadrupeds of thefe iflands, arc confined to three forts, namely, hofi;s, dogs, and rats. The dogs arc of the fame fpccies with thofc wc faw at Otaheite, having pricked ears, long backs, and fliort crooked legs. Wc did notobferve any variety in them, except in their Ikins J fome being perledly fmooth, and others having long rough hair. They arc about as large as a common turnfpit, and feem to be extremely fluggifh in their na- ture i though this may, probably, be more owing to the manner in which they arc treated, than to their natural difpofition. They are generally fed with the hogs, and left to herd with thofc animals; and we do not rccollctit a f ingle inflancc gf a dog being made a companion here, ILtii; ... .1 - I . / . '• 1 m 602 Capt. C O O Ks VOYAGES C O M P L E 1 as is the cuiloni in Europe, linked, the praiflicc of eating them Teems to he an inrupciable bar to their be- ing ;idmitted into focictv; and as there arc no bcalls of prey, nor objcifts of chacc, in thefe iflands, the fecial qualities of the dog, its attachment, fidelity, and faga- dty, will, in all probability, remain unknown to the na- tives. In our obfcrvations it did not appear that the dogs in the Sandwich Iflands were near fo numerous, in proportion, as at Otaheitc. Bi:l, on the other hand, they have a much greater plenty of hogs, and the breed is of a larger kind. We procured from them an ama/ing fupply of provifions of this- fort. We were upwards of three months, either cruifing off the coalf, or in harlx)ur at Owhyhcc; during all which time the crews of both fliips had conftantly a large allowance ot fretti pork,infomiich that ourconfumption of thatar- ticle was computed at about 60 puncheons of 500 weight each. Befides this quantity, and the extraordinary uaftc, which, amidft fuch abundance,could not be en- tirely prevented, 60 more puncheons were faltcd for fea ftorc. The greater part of this fupply was drawn fiom the idc of Owhvhec alone; and yet we did not perceive that it was at all exhauftcd, or even that the plenty had dccrcafed. The birds of thefe iflands arc numerous, though the variety is not great. Some of them may vie with thofc of any country in point of beauty. There arc four fpecics that feem to belong to the tro- chili, or honey-fuckers ot Linn . One of them is fomewhat larger than a bullfinch; 1 i. is a gloffy black, and the thighs and rump-veni . a deep yel- low. The natives call it hoohoo. yv her is of a very bright fcarirt ; its wings are black, with a white edge, and its tail is black. It is named eeecvc by the inhabitants. The third is variegated with biown, yel- low, and red, and (cerns to be either a young bird, or a variety of the preccdmg. The fourth is entirely green, with a yellow tinge, and is called akaicamoa. There is alfo a fmal! bird of the fly-catcher kind ; a fpecies of thrufli, with a greyifh breart; and a rail, with very ftiort wings, and no cail. Ravens arc met with here, but they are extremely fcarce ; they are of a dark brown colour, inclining to black, and their note is difiercnt from that of the European raven. We foi>nd two fmall birds, that were very conunon, and both of w hich were of one genus. One of thefe was red, and was ufually obferved about the coroa-trccs, from whence it feemed to ckrive a confiderabte part of its fubliftcnce. The other was of a green colour. IJoth had long tongues, which were ciliated, or fringed at the tip. A bird with a yellow head was likewifc very common here: from the lliudure of its beak, our people called it a pap'oquet: it, however, does not belong to that tribe, but bears a great refemblance tothclcxia tlavicans, or yellowifli crofs-bill of Linna'us. Here are alfo owls, furlews, petrels, andganncts; plovers of two fpecics, one nearly the liime as our whiftling plover; a large white pigeon; the tonmion w-.tcr-hen; and a long- tailed bird, which is of a black colour, and the vent and feathers under the wings yellow. The vegetable produce of the Sandwich Ifles is not •cry different from that of the other iflands of the Pa- cific Ocean. \A'e have already obferved, that the taro root, as here cultivated, was fuperior to any wc had be- fore tailed. The bread-fruit trees thrive here, not in- deed in fuch abundance as at Otaheite, but they pro- duce twice as much fruit as they do on the rich plains of that ifland. The trees are nearly of the fame height ; but the branches fhoot out from the trunk conlidcrabiy lower, and w ith greater luxuriance of vegetation. 1 he fugar-canes of thefe iflands grow to an extraordinary fi/c. One of them was brought to us at Atooi, whole circumference was eleven inches and a quarter; and it had fourteen feet eatable. At Oncchcow wcfaw Come large brown root*, from fix to ten pounds in weight, rc- fcmbling a y.im in (hape. The juice, of which they yield a great quantity, is very fwcct, and is an excellent fuccedancum for fugar. The natives are exceedingly fond of it, and make ufc of it as an article of their common diet; and our people likewifc found it very palatable and wholeCciiic. Not being able to procure the leaves of this vegetable, we could not afccrtain to what fpecies of plant it belonged; but we fuppofcd it to be the root of fomc kind of fern. The natives of the Sandwich Ifles are doubtlcfs of the fame extraftion with the inhabitants of the Friendly and Society Iflands, of New Zealand, the Marqucfas, and tjifl^er Ifland; a race which polfcflbs ail the known lands between the longitudes of 167 deg. and 260 dcg. E. and between the latitudes of 47 deg. S. and 22 dig. N. This fadt, extraordinary at it is, is not only evinced by the general rcfeinblancc of their perfons, ami the great limilarity of their manners and culloms, but fccms to be eftablirtied, beyond all controverf)-, by the identity of their language. It may not, perhaps, be very dilli- cult to conjedlurc, from what continent they originally emigrated, and by what fteps they have diifufcd them- felvcs over fo immenfc a fpacc. They bear ftrong marks of aflinity to fomc of the Indian tribes, which inhabit the Ladrones and Caroline Ifles ; and the fame affinity and refcmhiancc, may alfo be traced among the Malays and the Battas. At w hat particular time thefe migrations happened is lefs ealy to afccrtain; the pe- riod, in all probability, was not very late, as they are very populous, and have no tradition rcfpcding their own origin, but what is wholly fabulous; though, on the other hand, the limpiicity which is (lill prevalent in their manners and habits of life, and the unadulterated flate of their general language, feem todcmonftratc,that it could not have been at any very remote period. The natives of the Sandwich Iflands, in general, exceed the middle lizo, and are well made. They walk in a vety gr.ueful manner, run with conflderablc agility, and arc- capable of enduring a great degree of fatigue : but, upon the whole, the men are inferior with re'ped to ■icfi' itv and flrength,to the inhabitants of the Friendly Iflands, and the vomen arc Icfs delicate in the forma- tion of their liml>s th m the Otaheitean females. Their complexion is fonn whut darker than that of the Ota- heitcans ; and they are not altogether fo handfome in tluir peHbns as the natives of the Society Ifles. Many lit Ixjth fcxes, however, had fine open countenances; and the women, in particular, had white well-frt teeth, ('ood eyes, and an engaging fweetnefs and fenlibility of look. The hair of thefe people is of a brownifh black, neither uniformly curling, like that of the African Ne- groes, nor uniformly ftraight, as among the Indians of America;but varying, in this refpcdl, like the hairofEii- roptans. There is one ftriking peculiarity in the features of every part of this great nation; which is, that, even in the mofl handfome faces, there is always obfcrvable, a fulnefs of the nollril, without any flatnefs or fpread- ingof the nofe, that diflinguifhes them from the inha- bitants of luirope. It is not wholly improbable, that this maybe thecllectoftheircuftomary method of falu- tation, which is pcrfbnned by prcffing together the ex- tremities of their nofes. The fame fupciiority that we generally obferved at other iflands in the perfuns of the Erces, is likewifc found here. Thofe that were feeii by us were perfcdly well formed; whereas the lower dafs of people, befidcs their general inferiority, arc fub- \eH to all the variety of figure and make, that is met with in the populace of other parts of the world. But we met w ith more frequent inflances of deformity here, than in any of the other iflands we vifited. While wc were cruiling off Owhyhcc, two dwarfs came on board ; one of whom was an old man, of the height of four feet two inches, but very well proportioned ; and the other was a woman, nearly of the fame flaturc. We afterwards faw, among the natives, three who were hump-backed, and a young man who had been defli- tute of hands and feet, from the very moment of his birth. Squinting is alfo common among them; and a man, who, they told us, had been born blind, was brought to us for the purpofe of being cured. Bcfides thefe particular deficds, they are, in general, extremely fuh^dl to boils and ulcers, which fomc of us afcribed to the great quantity of faic they ufually eat with their fiili and ilefh. Though the Erect are free from thefe complaints, many of them experience ftill more dread- ful effi:dls from the too frequent ufc of the ava. "i'hofr who COOKs THIRD and LAST VOYACE— Tu the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 60.^ who were the mod aftedled by it, had their eyes red and inHumcd, their limbs emaciated, their bodies covered with a whitifh fcurf, and their whole frame trembling and paralytic, attended with a difability of raifing their heads. Thouph it docs not appear that this drug tiniverfally ftiortens life, (for Terrccoboo, Kaoo, and fcveral other chiefs, were far advanced in years) yet it invariably brings on a premature and dccrepid old age. It is a fortunate circumrtance for the people, that the ufc of it is made a peculiar privilege of the chiefs. The young Ton of Tcrrceoboo, who did rot exceed 12 or 13 years of age, frequently boaftcdof his being admitted to drink ava; and (hewed us, with marks of exultation, a fmall fpot in his fide that was beginning to grow fcaly. When Captain Cook firft vilited the Society Ifles, this perni- cious drug was very little known among them. In his fccond voyage, he fourvd it greatly in vogue at Ulictea ; hut it had ftiil gained little ground at Otaheitc. During the lafl time we were there, the havock it had made was almoft incredible, infomuch that Captain Cook fcarcc rccogni/.cd many of his former acquaintances. It is alfo cnnlhntly drank by the chiefs of the Friendly Ides, but fo much diluted with water, that it fcarcely pmduccs any bad confequenrcs. At Atooi, like\iife, it is ufed with great moderation; and the chiefs of that idand are, on this account, a much finer fct of men, than thofe of the neighbouring iflands, It was remarked by us, that, upon difcoiuinuing the ufe of this root, its iTOxious cfiviits quickly wore olf. We prevailed upon our friends Kao to Captain Cook, who engaged him to dine with u-. While at table, Pareea entered, whole countcnanc cmanifefted the highert indignation at feeing nur gucll To honourably entertained. He fer/.cil him by the hair of his head, and would have dragged him out of thecabliin, if the Captain had not mterli ml. After mui h alurcation, we could obtain no other indulgence (without quarrel- ling with I'areta) than, that ourgueA lliould nc per- )nitted to remain in the cabbin, on condition that he leatcd himlelf on the floor, while I'areea occupied his place at the table. An inlhncefomewhat limilar hap- pened « hen 'lerrceoboo came full on board the Refolu- tion; where Maiha-maiha, whoattended the king,feeing Pareea upon deck, turned him moll ignominioully out of the tlup ; even though we knew Pareea lo be a man of the firrt confcqufiue in the illand. Whether the lower clafs of people have their property fecu red from the rapacity of the great, we cannot podibly fay, but it appears to be well protected againll theft and depreda- tion. All ihcir plantations, thcR hotifes, their hogs, and their cloth, arc left unguarded, without fear or ap- prchenfion of plunderers. In the plain country, they ffparatc their poirelFions by walls; and, in the woods, where horfc plantains grow, they ufe white flags to dif- riiiiiinate property, in the (ame manner as they do hunches of leaves at Otaheite. 'I'hefe circumnanccs Hrong/y indicate, that, where property is concerned, the power of the Krees is not arbitrary, but fo far li- mited, as to afibrd encouragement to the inferior or- ders to cultivate the foil, which they occupy dillinCl lioiii each other. 1 hf information wc obtained, refpcdlng the admi- niftration of jullice is very imperfe«;h If a quarrel arofc among the lower clafs of people, the matter was referred to fomc chief for his decifion. When an in- ferior chief had offended one of fupcrior rank, his pu- niftiment was didfated by, and the refult of, the feelings ot" the fuperior at that moment. If the oHcndcr llMJuld fortunately cfcapc the firll tranfports of the great man's rage, he perhaps found means, through rhc mediation of friends, to compound for his offence, by all, or a part of his clletits. As to the religion of thefe people, it rcfemblcs that of the Society and Iricndly lilands. In common with each other, they have all their Morais, their Whattas, facrcd orations, bymns, and facrifices. 'Ihefe arc convincing proofs f hat their religious riti s and tenets arc derived from the fame fourcc. Ihc < crcmorwcii here arc, indeed, longer, and more numerous than in the iflands above-men- tioned ; and though in all thefe places, the care and per- formance of their religious rites, is committed to a p.irticular clafs of people; yet wc had never found a regular locietyof prielJs, till wo arrived at Kakooa, in Karakakooa Bay. Orono was the title given to the principal of this order; a title which fecmcd to imply fomcthing facred in a high degree, and which almoU le- ceivetl adoration in the perfon of Omeeah. Ihe pri- vilege of holding the principal olhces in this order, is douDtlcfs limited to certain families. Omeeah, the Orono. was Kaoo's fon, and Kaireckcta's nephew. Kaireckeea pretitled in all religious ceremonies at the Moral, in the ahfeiicc of' his grandfather; it wasobfeivcd, likewife, that the fon of Omeeah, an infant of about the age of five years, bad alwa)s a number of attend- ants, and fuch other marks of dilHmition and eltecm wercHiewn him, as wc never obfcrved in any fimilar iii- llances. Hence wc Loncluiled,that his life was an ob- jed of much confcquence, and that he would eventually fiiccced to the high dignity of his father. The title of Orono, we have already obferved, was bellowed on Cap- tain Cook; and it is very certain, that they conlidercd us as a riicc of beings lupcrior to themfelves; fre- quently repeating thai the great I'atooa lived in our country. The Uvourite litile idol on the Moral, be- fore which Captain Cook fell prollratc, is called Koo- nooraekaiee, and is Terreeoboo's god, which they laid relided alio among us. An almoU infinite variety of thefe images were to be feen, both on the Morais, and about their houfis, on which they bellow dill'crcnt names; but they certainly were held in very little elli- mation; from their contemptuous exprellions when fpeakingof, orto them, and fVoni theirexpoling them to liile for mere trifles; though they generally had one particular figure in high favour, to which, while it con- tinueil a favourite, all their adoration was addnfled. They arrayed it in red cloth, beat their ilrums, and chanteil hymns before it ; placed bunches of red feaiher.i, and different vegetables at its Icet; and frcqi fly v\- pofed a pig or a dog, to rot on the Whatta which it was placed. In a bay to the fouthwaid "-aka- kooa, a party of us were comliK'ted to a la.,. ue, in which we faw the figure of a bhuk man, telling on his toes and fingers, and his head inclined backward: the limbs were well proportioned, and the whole was lieau- tifully polilhed. This figure was called Mate; round which thirteen others were plartd, with lliapcs rude anel di(h)rted. Thefe, we were told, were the I'.at(K)'s of dcceafed chiefs, whole nameii they repeated. Numbers of Whatta'swere feen within this place, with the re- mains of offerings on many of them. Ihey alio have in their habitations many ludicrous and obfcene reprc- fentations by idols, not unlike the Priapus of the an- cients. Former navigators have remarked, that the Society and Friendly Illanders pay adoration to parti- cular birds, and it feems to be a cuf>om orevaltnt in thefe iflands : ravens may here, perhaps, be objeiifs of worlhip; for Mr. King faw two of thefe birds perfcoUy tame, and was told they were Eatooas : that gentleman oft'ered fcveral articles for them, which were all re- fufed; and he was particularly cautioned not to offend, or hurt them. Among their religious ceremonies may be clafTed the prayers and ofl'crings made by their prieil.* before their meals, /.s they always drink ava b«forc they begin a repaft, while that is chewing, the fujKrior in rank begin.s a fort of hymn, in which he is loon after joined by one or more of the company ; the bodies of the others are put in motion, and their hands arc clapped together in concert with the lingers. The ava being ready, cups of it are prefentcd to thofe who do not join in the hymn, which are held in their hands till it is con* eluded; when, with united voice, they make a loud rc- iponre, and drink their ava. The perforiTters are then ferved with fome of it, which they drink, after the fame ceremony has been repeated. And, if any perfon of a fupcrior rank Ihould be prcfcnt, a cup is prefented to him laA of all ; who having chanted for a Ihort time, and hearing a refponfe from others, he pours a fmall quantity on the ground, and drinks the red. A piece of the flelh, which has beendreficd, is then cut off, and together with fome of the vegetables, is placed at the foot of the figure of the £atooa> and, after another hymn COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAOE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, S I'hc pri- s order, i$ ccah, the nephew. nies at the s obfei vcd, of about of attend- nd elk-cni fiiiiilar in. \«as an oh- evcntually he title of cd on Cap- >nlidercd lives; frc- I \n our Morai, bc- alled Koo- h they faid variety of lorais, and V tlkfirent tile edi- lions when )lin^ them lly had one hile it ton- addriflcd. rtinis, and ed feaiheri, |i -fly ex- nhich "•aka- hyinti ha» been chanted, they begin their n\cal. A ce- remony, in many relptcls rcfeiuTilinjj; this, is alio pcr- Ibinieii by the chiefs, when they drink ava between their regular meals. Accordmy to the accounts given by the natives, human fairiikes aie more common here than in any of the itl.uiJt we have vilited. They have rccou;lc to thefe horrid riteit, on the i r)inmf n( eincnt ot a war, and previom to .i baitlc, or any fi|^nal enter- prise. I'he ileath of cviry cliief demands an offering t)f one or juore Towiousj and we were informed not Icfs than ten were ileviiied to fuirer, on the deccafe of Terrctoboo, the kinj^. But the iinlujipy vidims are tJtally iinaci[uaiiued with their oniaintd tatej which is, to be attacked with l.iij;e clubs, wlurevef they nwy h.tppen tobf; and alter they are ilead, arc conveyed to the place where the fuhfeiiuent rues are to be p.-r- foriiwd. . Tills briiij,;s lo our temcml)rance the Ikulls ot thofe who had been facriliced on the dcccale ol fome principal chief, and were li.xed to the Moral at ivakooa; at which villaj;e we rci eived further inforriiation on tins fubject; for «e were fliewn a fmall piece of ^jround, , within a Hone fence, which we were told was a i .cri:- tcrc, or burying-plate ol a chief. The perlon w ho j;aw.- us this infdimition, pointing to one ot the comers, •ddifd; and there lie tiie tangula aiv- v.aheene-taboo, or the man and woman who became kcrilices at his lunc- ral. The knot king out thcii fore f.cth, may be with propriety cl.ifTed among their religious cuHoms. Moll df the common people, and many o the chiefs, had loll one or more of thenij and this, wo undtrltood, was (??mlidered as a propitiatory facrilice to the Latooa, to avert hi.s anger; and not like the cutting o!f part ol 'the finger at the Friendly lllands, to exprels the vio- lence ol their grief at the dei eafeof a triend. C^oncern- ing their opinions, rcfpeCking a future Ifate, we had vviy detective information. Enquiring of them, whithu the dead were gone? we were ttild, that the breai which they fecinedto conlider as the immortal p.iu, was fled to the F..Uod yet, at our rcijucll, the men ventured on the fpot which was tabooed ; whence it lliould fccm they enter- tained no religious apprehenlions, their obedience be- ing limited merely to our refufal. No inducements could bring the wpmen near us ; on account, it is pre- futticd, bl the Morai adjoining j which they are, at all tinWs, prohibited f>om apprtsaching; nht onlyheVe, but in all the iflands of the fouth fcaS, women, it has befcn ob- ftrved, are always tabooed, or forbidden to cat certain articles df food. We have fct^n nrany of them, at their mcafs, hfive their mtat jiiullnto thdV rr>outh» by others ; 'and, ok 6ur trcitidftiiig w'khoi* the reirfbn of it, wc w^re Informed, that tncy' were tabooed, «nd not per-; rhmed byl'hc ^hrce ro^k^* of women behind them ; the two men -appearing melancholy and pfenfivc. They continued 7 P , thus. ■f,i •I'l ^..ii. 6io Capt. C O O. K s V O Y A G E S . q y M P L. E T B. with little variation, till late in the evening, nhen we left thctti; and, at day-light, in the nwrning, the people were difperfed, and every thing appeared perfcdly quiet. Wc were then given to uncierftand, that the body was remcvcdi but wc could not learn how it was difpofcdor. While wc were dirr<5lingour enquiries to this objedt, wc were addrclTcd by three women of r- , who (ign'.I.c' to us, that our prcfencc interrupted thp pcrformaiiic of fomc ncccflary rites. Soon after wc had left .hen), wc heard their cries and lamentations; and, when we met thenj a few hours afterwards, the lower parts of their faces were painted pcrfcdly black. Wc had alfoan opportunity of obferv ing the ceremo- nies at the funeral of onO of the ordinary clafs. Hear- ing fomc mournful cries, ilVuing from a mifcrablc hut, we entered it, and difcovcrcd two women, whom wc fuppofed to be mother and daughter, weeping over the body of a man who had that moment expired. They firft covered the body with cloth: then lying down by it, they fpread the cloth over thcmfclvcs, beginning a melancholy kind of fong, and repeating frequently Awehmedoaah! Awthtaiice! Oh my father! Oh my hulband ! In one corner of the hut a younger daughter lay proftrate on the ground, having fomc black cloth fpicad over her, and repeating the fame expreflions. On our quitting this melancholy fcenc, wc found many of their neighbours colledcd together at the door, who were all pcrfedly filcnt, and attentive to their la- mentations. Mr. King was willing to have embraced this oppor- tunity of knowing in what manner the body would be difpofed of; and therefore, after being convinced that it was not removed till after he went to bed, he ordered the fcntries to walk before thehoufe, and if there were any appearances of removing the body, to acquaint him with It. The fcntries, however, were rcmils in the per. formancc of their duty, for, before the morning, the body was taken away. On alking, how it had been difpofed of, they pointed towards the fea, perhaps thereby indicating, that it had been dcpofued in the deep, or that it had been conveyed to fomc burying ground beyond the bay. The place of interment for the chiefs, is the moral, or hcrcc crces, and thofc who arcfacrificedpn t|ie pccaflon, arc. buried by the ride of them. The niorai. In which the chief was ihtci-rcti, who, after it fpiritca refiAancc, had been killed in the cave, is adorned w ith a hangins of red cloth round it. Having thus Ltid before our readers a circumftantial and comprchendve account of the whole group of the S\ndwich Idands, wc proceed to relate the tranfaaions, incidents and events, during our fecond Expedition t» the North, by the way of Kamtfchatka, and on our re- turn home, by the way of Canton, and the Cape of Good Hope, from March 1779, to Augufl 1780. But it may not be amifs to clofc thjs chapter, with an ab- flradl of the aAronomical obfervations, which were tnadc at the obfervatory in Karakakooa Bay, for dc- termining its latitude and longitude; to which we fliall add the latitude and longitude of the Sai Jwich Iflands, colleded into one point of view. The latitude of the obfenatory, deduced from meridian zenith dillances of the fun, and fomc particular Hars, wc found ro be lu dcg. 28 min. N. and its longitude, dedticrd from 2int Weft-point - South-point - - Wcft-|)oint - - - Anchoring-point - Wymoa Bay - - Anchoring-placc Latilol* dc|. mit. ao 17 18 54 »9 34 19 38 30 50 20 34 ao 54 ao 39 ao 3* ao 46 ai 10 " ,43 ^i 21 23 57 a a« 43 CVTi'l t».-jr ! \V>I/ dt(. nio. ao4 1 204 n aoj 6 204 p- ao4 ,4 S03 48 ao3 24 203 33 ao3 37 303 s 202 46 302 ^ 200 20 '99 4> J 99 Sa '99 46 J !(i' ;..u.;;r,.;^;i('i',:,:' fiaaagesmi 1 11, 1 |. CHAP. XVIL ■A,v ■irr i iin M't* Tlf F.efolution and Difcrjtry, haiiug neighed anchor, quit Oitfehetnv-^A -view 0/ the coaji of Kamft/chatht'^EnttT ihe hay cf Aiviiljka — Dejcry the Icnun of St. Peter and St. Pnul — Party fent oh Jhore —Their reception hy the Comtuander tf the port — Anotljcr parly di/palched to Bolchcreijk, prwtjioni, andflores being extremely /carce at St. Peter and St. Peml -■ — Proceed up tin river Axatjka — Ctmlity and hofpitalit^ from the inbalitaiils of the tvwn of Karatcbin— 4 journey on f!ed%es — Curious account of that mode of trarvelling — Arrival at 'Natcbeekui-^l'.mbark on the Bolchoireia River — Fo'rfual proceJTton into the Ci{pttal — Ho/pilulity and gencrq/iiy of Major Bebm, ChmmaniUr of the Ciarrifdn—^BolcheretJk defribed —Affeflittg departure from that place — Return to tbt jhips — RemarLible tnjhince of ^enerojity in ihe failors — Majtr Bcbm cames dif patches to Petetjbupgb — His departure and est ratrdt nary char.iiier — 'tranfadiohs at Pelropttulntika-— The Rufflan Hojpitul put undir tlv care of our Surycons — Difficulties infat.tn^ out of toe bay — Steer to the northward— Appearance of Ihe coiuilry — Cbeepoonjioi Sofs—knno(lh)i Nofs'^KamtfcliatJkoi Sofs — OlutorJbuN^i — And St. Tha' dens's NofSfpaffed, and the enorsif the Ruffian Charts piinled out. ON Monday, the 15th of March 1 77^, wc weighed anchor, and palling to the N. of '1 ahoora, Itood to the .S. W. in expectation of falling in with the tdand of Modoopapappa ; the natives having aflurcd us, that it lay in that direction, within five hours fail of Tahoora. The next day at five o'clock P. M. we made a lignal for the Difcovcry to come under our ftcrn, having given over all hopes of feeing Modoopapappa. On Wednefday, the 17th, we fleered W. Captain Clerk intending to keep in the fame parallel of latitude, till wc made the longitude of Awattka Bay ; and then to ftcer N. for the harbour of St. Peter and St. Paul, which was alfo fixed on as our rendezvous, if wc Ihould hap- pen to feparatc. This track \as chofcn, becaufc iic fuppofed it to be yet unexplored, and we might prob^y iTKct with foiiie new iflands in our palfage. On Tuef- day, Che '{Oth, the winds and unfcttlcd (late of the wea- ther, induced Captain CIcrkc to alter his plan, and, at Gx in the evening, we began to ftccr N. W. which wc I i V- continucd till TueUay, the 6th of April, at which tinne wc loft the trade wind. The fine weather wc met wiUi between the tropics, had not been idly fpent. The car- penters tbund fulficient employment in Fcpairing the boats. The bell bower cable had been fo much da- maged that we were obliged to cut itmy fatbonn from it. The airing of fails and ottier (lores, which from the leakinefs of the decks, and fides of the (hip, were perpetually fubjcd t9 be wet, had now become a trou- blciome part of duty. For (bmc time pad, even the operation of mending thr failors old jacKets, had rifcn into a duty both of difliculty and imporcanqe. It may be neceifary to inform thofc who are unacquainted with the ha^ts of teamen, that they are fp. accidlome(i|, {n (fipRof war, to be directed in tbccfu-e of themGiJves by their oflicers, thai they lofe the vcr)f idea of forcfidu, and contradl the thoughtleiTnc^ 6f infants. Had tmic people been left to their own difcretion alone, the whole crew would have been very thinly clad, before tl^ voyage d by the (kic of cf wa» ihtcrral, en killed in the I cloth round ir. rciimllantial and e group of the the tranrndlions, d Expedition to , and oft our re- md the Cape of gufl 1780. But ter, with an al>- )ns, which were aoa Bay, for dc~ which we fliall ai jwicb Idandi, le latitude of the :nith dillanccg of found to be 11) iducfd from 253 5!:^', .:■■-.; . ' : ■ ■ " ,'' L I ' ". f ■ ' ( Wc SANDWICH toAt mis. '7 i* 3+ a8 5° 34 54 39 3» 46 10 43 57 SO 2 43 Act. nia. 304 1 204 li 205 6 204 204 4 «03 48 2P3 24 203 33 203 27 303 t 202 46 aoo ao '99 45 '99 S» »99 36 V :l.:, 1^^ «^v w -. .'S:v ,*>, •tKj; 1^ ^i*^ 't^^"'' ' ''"' ;V=: '4,^n U " :^\ ;.■•. !'i..:!f. -irr^rV Ibalka— 'Enter the 1 the Commander of Peter and St. Paul Icbin— A journey on 'eka River — Fo'mal BoUheretJk drffrikd the Jailors—Major It Petrojmulnvjka — to the northward-' Yi—'iitd it. Tba- pril, at which time eathcr wc met with ly fpcnt. The car- it in tcpairixig the been fo much da- ibny fatbonn from ftorei, which fi-om , of the (hip. were lOW become a trou- ;ime pft, even the d jacKcts, had rifen iportanqe. Itjnay : unacquainted with (p, accidlomeciif {n : cfTC of themiy«3 :r)f idea of forciidu. infants. Had ttefc ion alone, the whale f clad, before tl^ voyage ■4'aJ »tit •tV »«" «J*» -I" ■/y- ./f* ,!ifJ- t. ■"V:,i > '/ v. I r ^ Ni Wltk^tt* - V. ««)»4.«. « 'Aa .M I I y- I I" k3 J S ■/: i I >.\ n 9, 1 \< ^ V \£. \ \ V. 1 \ H 1 \ ■< > ■ / ^Ti ' *»< ■ ^ >s .■^ ft ^ 1 1.^ ^ >- %. ■ H KIMIII U MP wv-«»^ WiJIlHUl uTlfr-h IIi;vr|, Watrr ff/* .I.J4V (M Full .f//,/ JKw^-wSi/ A IV A T S K A IVAM rsiHATK A. / N'liiiii c^ /'Ai.* Mil*' n i4i J„"'■ "•"•lm,„. voyage had been half finiflied. It was natural to cx- pedl, that their experience, during the voyage to the N. laft year, would have made them fcnfiblc of the ne- ccllity of paying fomc attention to thefe matters ; but if fuch rcncflions ever occurred to them, the impref- fion was To tranfient, that, upon returning to the tro- pical 61imatcs, their fur iacKets, and the reft of their clothes, adapted to a cold country, were kicked about the decks as things of no value ; though it was known in both (hips, that we were to make another voyage to- wards the pole. They were, of courfc, picked up by the officers ; and, being put into catks, rcOoied about this time to the owners. In the afternoon of Wednef- day, the 7th, we obfcrved fomc of ihe (hcathing float- ing by the (hip; and, on examination, found that 12 or 14 feet had been wa(hcd otf from under the larboard- bow, where the leak was fuppofcd to have been; which, ever (incc leaving the Sandwich lilunds, had kept our people almoft conftantly at the pumps, making 12 inches watck in an hour; but, as we had always been able to keep it under with the hand-pumps, it gave us no great uncalincfs, till Tucfday, the 13th, when, about fix o'clock, P. M. wc were greatly alarmed by a fuddcn inundntinn, that deluged the whole fpace between decks. The water which had lodged in the coal-hole, not finding a fulTicicnt vent into the well, had f.irced up the platforms over it, and in a moment fct every thing atloat. Our (ituation was now exceed- ingly diftrefling ; iror did wc perceive immediately any means of relief. At Kill wc thought of cutting a hole through the bulk-head that fcparntcd the cual-hole from the fore hoiJ, and, by that means, to make a pa(rage for the body of water into the well. As foon as a palTage was made, the greatefl: part of the water emp- tied it(elf into the well, and cn.ililcd us to get out the reft in buckets : luit the leak was now lb much in- creafed, that wc «crc' obliged to keep one half of our people pumping ami baling cenllantly, till the noon of Thurfday, the 1 5th. Our men Iwre, with great chear- fiilnefs, this excclfivc fatigue, which was much in- creafcd by their having no dry place tolleepin; on which account they had their full allowance of grog. On Thurfday, the :'2nd, the colli was exceedingly fc- vcrc; and the ropes were lo (io/-.'ii,that it was with dif- ficulty they could be forced through the blocks. On Friday, the 23d, in l.ititudc 5: ticg. 9 iiiin. longitude i6odcg. 7 min. wc faw mountain.- co^cicd with liiow, and a high conical rock, diitant about four leagues; and foon after this inipcifv.cl vi-.w wc were enveloped in a thick fog. According to our maps, «;• were now but 8 Icigues from the entrance of Awatlka Bay; there- fore when the weather cleared up, wc (iood in to take a nearer furvey of the country. A 1110ft difmal and dreary profped prcfcnted itfclf. Thccoaftis ftraiglit, and uniform, without bays or inlets. From the lliore, the ground rifes in moilerate hills, and behind ihcm arc ranges of mountains, whofe fiimmits penetrate the cloudi. The whole was covered with fnow, except the fidei of fome clifts which rofc perpendicularly frocii the fea. The wind blew ftrong from the N. E. with hazy weather and fleet, from the :4th to the 28th. 'ihe lliip refcmblcd a complete mafs ot ice; thclhrouds bcuigfo incruftcd with it, as to double their dimcnlions in c.r- cumfcrence; in Ihort, the cxpericnccof the oldeft fca- nwn among us had never met with fuch continued fljowersof fleet, and that extreme cold winch we had now to encounter. Soon after our departure from Karakakooa Bay, Captain Gierke was taken ill, and during this run, the lea was in general fo rough, and ihc Rcfolution fo leaky, that tho fail-makers had no place to repair the fails in, except the Captain's apart- ments, which in his dcclinuig (lute of health, was a I'e- rious inconvenience to him. M this time the incle- mency of the weather, the ditiiculty of working our {hips,. and the inccd.int duty reamed at the pumps, rendcfcd the fcrvice intolerable to the crew, iomc of wtuxn were nujch fioft bitten, and others were confined with coldj. Sunday, the z^th, wc were favoiucd with a tranficnt (lance of the untr-iincc of Awatlk^ 13.-iyi but, in the prefent flate of the vcathcr, tvc could not prtriitnf to venture into it. For ihij reafon we again Hood ofl", wheti wc loit (ight of the Difciivcry; but this gave us little concern, being now fo nea.' the place of rcndczvoui; Wednefday, the 28th, in tiie morning, the weather cleared up, and wc had a fine day, when our men were employcti in taking the ice from the rigging, fails, &c. that in cafe of a thaw, which was now expcdlcd, it might not fall on our heads. At noon, in latitude 52 deg. 44 min. loiwitude 1 59 dcg. the entrance of -Awatl- ka Bay, borcN. W. The mouth of it opens in thcdi- redUon of N. N. W. On the S. fide, the land is mo- derately high, riling to the northward into a bluff- head. Three remarkable rocks lie 111 the channel between them, not far from the N, E. fide ; and, on the op- po(itc lide, a (ingle rock of conlidcrable lize. At three o'clock, P. M. we flood into the bay, with a fair wind from the fouthward, having from 22 to 7 fathoms foundings. There is a look-out houfc on the north- head, ufed as a light-houfe, when any of the Ruflian ftiips are expeded upon the coaft. It had a fiag- (fatf, but we could not perceive any pcrfon there, flav- ing palTcd the mouth ot the bay, which extends about four miles in length, a circular bafon prefcntcd itfcif of about 25 miles in circumference ; in this we an- chored about (our o'clock ; fearing to run foul of a Ihoal mentioned by Muller to lie in the channel. Great quantities of loofe ice drifted with the tide in the mid- dle of the bay, but the (hores were blocked up with it. Plenty of wild fowl, of various kinds, were feen; alfd large (lights of Greenland pigeons, together with ra- vens and eagles. We examined every corner of the bay, with our glalTes, in order to difcern the town of St. Peter and St. Paul, which, from the accounts wc had received at Oonalathka, wc fu|)poled to be a place of ftrcngth and conlequence. At length we difcovered, to the N. E. fome miferablc log-houfes, and a tew co- nical huts, amounting, in the whole, to about 30, which, from their fituation, notwithltanding all the re- f|)ect wc wiihed to entenain for a Riidian Oilrog, or Town, wc concluded to be Petropaiilovvlka. In jui) ice, however, to the hofpitablc treatment wc found here, it may not be amifs to anticipate the reader's curinfuy, by alfuring him that out difappoinrmcnt ptt)ved, in the end, a matter of entertainment to us. In this wretched extremity of the earth, beyond conception barbarous and inhofpltablc, out of the reach of civili- zation, bound and barricaded with ice, and covered with fuiiimer fnow, we experienced the tendercft feel- ings of humanity, joined to a noblenefs of mind, and elevation of fentiment, which would have done honour to any clime and natiou . On Sunday the 29th, in the morning, at d.iy-Iighrt Captain King was fent with the boats to examine the bay, and to prefent the letters to the Riillian Commander, which he had brought from Oonalathka. Having pic- cceded as far as wc were able with the boats, we got upon the ice, which extended near half a mile from the fliore. The inhabitants had not yet feen cither the fliip, or the boats; (or even after we had got upon the ice, wc could not perceive any (igns of a living crea- ture in the town. We funk at every (Up alinoll knee deep in the fnow, and though we found tolerable limit- ing at the bottom, yet the weak parts of the ice not be- ing difcoverable, we were conltantly expofcd to the danger of breaking through it. This accident, at lafl^ adually happened to Captain King; who ftcpping on quickly over a fufpicious fpot, in order to prefs with Icfs weight upon it, he came upon a fecond before he could ftophimlclf, which broke under him, and in he fell. Fortunately he rofe clear of the icc; and a man who was a little way behind with a boat hook, throwing it out, the Captain, by that means, w as enabled to get upon firm icc again. The nearer wc approached the (li«ro» we found the ice ftill more broken. 1 he (iglit of a fledge advancing toward»-us, howcvef, iftiirded foroc comfort. But mftc.id of coming to our relief, the driver ftopt fliort, and called out to us. Captaiij King immediately held up Ifmyloff's letters; in coufcqucnce of which, the nuui turned about, and drove full fpccd ill Mi' ■1 ?i . 5r m 6l2 Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. luck again, followed with the execrations of fonieof our paity. Unable to draw any conclufion from this unac- countaliic behaviour, we (till proceeded towards the Ollrop, thoij^^h with thegreatert circunifpeiflion j and, when at tlie Jilhince of about a quarter of a mile from it, we obferved a body of armed mcr\ advancinj^ to iiieit us. 1 o avoid giving them any alarm, and to prefervc tlie niofl peaceable appearance, the Captain, and Mr. Webber, marched in front, and the men, who had boat-hooks in their handa, were Itationcd in the rear. 'I'hc armed party confided of about 30 foldier.s, headed by a pirfon with a cane in his hand. Within a few p.ices of us he halted, and drew up his men in marti.il order. Captain King prefented Ifmylolf's let- ters to him, but in vain endeavoured to make him un- derlhind that we viere F.nglilli, and had brought thefc dif[Kitches from Oivialallika. .After an attentive exa- niuiation of our perfons, he conduced us towards the village in folemn filence, halting fre(iuently h-s men, and ordering them to perform dilfercnr parts of their manual excrcife ; with a view, as we fuppofed, to con- vince us, tl-.at if wc lliould [ircfume to otVer any vio- lence, we lliould Invc to deal with thofe who knew how to defend ihemfelve-:. During the whole of this time, the Cajitam was in his wet clothes, Ihivering with cold; yet he coulil not avfud being diverted with this mili- tary parade, though it was attended by an unfeafonable delay. .'Vrriving, at length, at the habitation of the commanding oHicer of the party, we were ufliered in; aiid, after givi;ig orders to the military without doors, our \uA\ appeared, accompanied liy the fecretary of the port. One of the letters from Ifmylolf was now o- pcned, and the other fent exprefs to I5okheretfl<, a town on the well fule of Kamtfchatka, and the place of relidcnce of the R^jlTian Commander of this pro- vince. It appe.iied to us extraordinary, that the natives had not fien th'' Relohition the preceding day when we call anchor, nor this morning, till our boats approached the ice. 1 he firfl light of the lliip, we underllooil, had thuck thein with a confiderable panic. Thegairifon was put iu'.lantlv under arms; two field-pieces were placed beloie the C^ominander's houfe; and powder, fliot, and lighted marches, were all in rcadinefs. The officer who had conducted us to his dwelling, was a fer- jeant, and alfo the Commander of the Oftrog After he Iiad recovered f;om the alarm which our arriv;il had produced, the kindni-f'> and hofpitality of his behaviour was allonilljing. H.s houfc, indeed, was intolerably hot, but remarkablv n.-.it and clean. After Captain King had changed his clothes, by putting on a com- pleat fuit of the fei;e.int'», at his earned requed, which •was ijoubtlels the bell he could procure; and, ronfider- ing our vilit was unexpec^ted, was ingenioufly con- duced, lo have made foup and bouillie would have required fometime; inflead therefore of this, wc had fomc cold beef fliced, with boiling water poured over it. The next courfe was a large mailed bird, the tallc of which was moft delicious, though we were unac- quainted with its fpecics. Having eaten apart of this, it was removed, and fill) was ferved up, dreffed in two dif- ferent ways. Soon after which, the remainder of the bird appeared again in favoiiry and fweet pates. Our liquor was what the Ruflians didinguilli by the name of quafs, and was the moll inditVerent part of our enter- tainment. The ferjeant's w ite ferved up fevcral of the diflics, and was not permitted to lit down at table with us. Our repaft being finiflied, during whi'"i our con- vcrfation was limiteil to a few bows, and oti er perfonal tokens of mutual refpeiil, wc drove to cxf iaiti to our hod the occalion of our vifit to this port. robably, If- iiiylofT's letters we haddelivered made hii. .eadily com- prehend our meaning; but as there was r |ith, and a (IccJge, antly provided tor anccaHbrdcdhigh icy were delighted |\vo boat-hooks had [conveyance. Thcfc ly well conftriidtcd Iwcnt (iiRly and cx- brf; of it which we to have pafTcd oa owing the Relblii. n, wc moored clofe bearing S. by E. id a halt. On Fri- weic taken to the u. lid, and the car- wliiih had occa- midiUe of the day ice began to break up the entrance of I uponthL-rerjcanr, lity ; and Ciiptain t!e- of rum, ihink- l more acceptable, otir- , ard (bine ex- 'Ihoi-gii the B;>.v igeons, 0111 rp(>rif- -cedingly thy, they the niornin;:, wc ling into the Ijav: i to her allilfancc, I cliilc by the Rcfo- two fledges having age, .Mr. King was in ani'wer was arri- Lhatka. The dif- ■ and St. Faul's is were fent uff in a , at noon, and re- ningi fo that they n little more thart rtVnt, the return of ed trom us. While d another belong- (t to the i( e. In I was fent to their fame late: but on iway, by the wind Itcrty, without fiif- oVliKk A. M. fc- L-dge of the icc, a d thofe who wcr^ nved to be a Ruf- ife name was Fe- namcd Vom, with iiandcr of Kamtf- at the edge of the ude of the fliips. re exceedingly a- embark, (lipu- "hould remain on It alterwards ap- lot conceive, that ander, had mctr- t vcffels; and that lillancc only, hati y had arrived dii 1 bciiaviour, th.lt iry appichcnfions. tisfaction wai vi. iiblc fiblc in their countenances, when the German found a pcrfon aiTiong us, with whom he "'• 'Id enter into con- verfation. Mr. Webber fpokc l..ac language fluently, and convinced them, though not without difficulty, that we were Englitlimcn and friends. Mr. Port was introduced to Captain Clcrkc, to whom he delivered the Commander's letter. It was written in the Ger- man language, and merely complimcntal, giving him and his otTiccrs an invitation to Bolcheretlk. Mr. Port, at the fame time, •cquainte ditcriiiina;i(in being communicated to Mr. Port, he difpatched a meticnger to the Commander at Bol- cheretlk, to acquaint him with our intentions, and to rc-niove the fufpicions that had been entertained rc- fpcding the purpofes of our voyage. For the above lervicc Mr. King was fixed upon, and ordered to pre- pare for frtting out the next day, together with Mr. Webber, who was to accompany him as interpreter. Tliat day, and the next, however, the weather proved too ftormy for beginning a journey through fo dcfolate and wild a country : but on I'riday, the 7th of May, the weiithcr became more favouralile, and we fet out in the (hip's boats, early in the morning, in order to reach the entrance of the Awatlka at high-water, on account of the (hoals at the n\outh of that river. The country boats were to meet us here, to condud us up the ftream. Ciptain CJorc was alio added to our party, and we were likcwifc accompanied by Mr. Port and the Ruilian iiKrchant, with two Coll'acks, having been prc- vioufly furnilhcd with warm furred cloathing; a very nccelTary precaution, as it began to fnow britkly imme- diately after our felting out. About eight o'clock, wc were Hopped by llioal water, within a mile of the mouth of the river ; when fome Kamtfchadales took us and our baggage, in fomc fmall canoes, and conveyed us over a bank of fand, which the rapidity of the river had thrown up, and which, wc were informed, was conti- nually fliifting. Having palfed this flioal, the water agajn deepened, and we were furnilhcd with a commodious boat, rtfcmbling a Norway yawl, to convey us up the river, together with canoes tor the reception of our bag- gage. The breadth of the mouth of Awatlka is about a quarter of a mile, but it gradually narrowed as wc ad- vanced. Having proceeded a few miles, we palTed fc- veral branches, many of which, we were told, emptied thcmfelves into other parts of the Bay; and that fome of thofc on the left ran into the Paratounca river. For the firft 10 niiles, the general diredlion of the river from the Bay, is to the N. and afterwards it turns to the weftward. Except this bci^^ it chiefly preferves a (trait courfci and flows through a low flat country, to No. 75- ■ the diflance of 30 miles from the fea, which is Cubjeift to frequent inundations. Six men were employed in pudiing us on with long poles, three of chcm being at each end of the boat; and procceeded againfl the llrcain, at the rate of about three miles an hour. Our conduc- tors endured this fevcrc labour for 10 hours; fl:opping only once, and that for a (hort (pace of time, to take a little refrelhment. Having been intbrined, at our firft fetting .out, that wc could cafily reach Karatchin that night, we were greatly difappointed to (iiid ourfelvcs 15 miles from that place at I'un-fet. This was attri- buted to the delay in palling the flioals, both at the en- trance of the river, and in many other places. Our men being exceedingly fatigued, and as the difficulty of navigating the river would have increafcd by the darknefs of the night, we declined all thoughts of pro- ceeding on our journey that evening: we therefore fixed upon a place that was tolerably well (licltered, and, clearing it of the fnow, ercdcd a fmall marqu, amply compenfated for the poverty of his habitation. His wife, an excellent cook, ferved us with various lorts of fifh and game, and diflerent kinds of heath- berries, which had been prefervcd lince the laft year. Whilrt we were dining in this miferable hut, the guefl^s of abfolute (\rangcrs, and at the extremity of the habit- able globe, a folitary half-worn pewter fpoon attracted our attention, its form was- familiar to us, and the word London was Itamped upon the back of it. It is impolfible to exprefs the anxious hopes, and tender re- 7 Q^ 4 mcnibrances, I I m , >' ■ ... i'^ 6i4 Capt. C O O K's VOYAGES C O M F L E T H. tnembrances, this circumftance txcited in us; Thofc who have been long abfcnt from their native country, will readily conceive what inexpreflibie pleafurc fuch triHing incidents can give. We had now quitted the river, and the next part of our journey was to be performed on fledges; but the thaw had been fo great in the day-time, as not to per- mit us to fct out, till the fnow was become hard and firm by the coldnefs of the evening. This furniihcd us with an opportunity of walking about the village, which was the only place in this country, that we had feen free from fnow. It wu ficuated on a flat,' of about a mile and an half in circuit. The leaves of the trees were juft budding, and the verdure was flrongly con* trailed with the (urrounding hills, which remamed co- vered with fnow. The foil appearing to be capable of producing common vegetables, we were furpriaed to find that not a fpot of it was cultivated. Neither were the inhabitants pofl'em-d of cattle of any fort. In (hort, their iituation, during the winter months, mud be wretched beyond conception. They were now remov- ing from their jourts to their balagans, which gave us an opportunity of obfcrving both thefe forts of habita- tions. The people invited us, very civilly, into their houfes ; chearfulnefs and content were vifible in every countenance, to which the approaching change of fcafon might perhaps contribute. On returning to our hod's, fupper was prepared for us, confining of the fame ar- ticles which compofad our former repaft. When we had finiflied our meal, we entertained the Toion and his wife with punch made of fome of our fpirits; and Captain Gore, with his wonted generoiity, made them fome valuable prefents : after which, they retired to the kitchen, leaving us in the other room ; on the benches of which wc fpread our bear-fkins, and fought a little repofe; having firft fettled with our conduclon, to pro- ceed on our journey, when the ground was judged to be in a fuitable condition. The melancholy bowlings of the dogs awakened us about nine the fame evening. During the whole time our baggage was lalhing upon the fledges, their horrid noife continued ; but, when they were yoked, and prepared for travelling, a chear- ful yelping fucceeded, which ceafed the inllant they marched off. We fhall here give our readers an accu- rate defcription of a fledge brought over by Captain King, and now in the poflefTion of Sir Afliton Lever. The length of the body is about four feet and an half, and the breadth one foot. It is made in the form of a crefcent, of light tough wood, fattened together with wicker work ; and, among the principal people, is ele- gantly flained with red and blue; the feat being co- vered with furs or bear.fkins. It has four legs, about two feet in height, refling on two long flat pieces of wood, of the breadth of five or fix inches, extending a foot beyond the body of the fledge, at each end. Thefe turn up before, fomewhat like a ikait, and are fhod with the bone of fome fea-animal. The carriage is or- namented, at the fore part with taflcis of coloured cloth, and leather thongs. It has a crofs bar, to which the harncfs is joined ; and links of iron, or fmall bells, are hanging to it, which, by the jingling, is fuppofed to encourage the dogs. They feldom carry more than one perlon at a time, who fits afide, with his feet on the lower part of the fledge, having his baggage and pro- vitions, in a bundle behind him. The ufual number of dogs employed in drawing this carriage, is five; four of them yoked two and two, and the other adding as leader. The reins, being faflened to the collar, in- flcad of the head, have no great command : and are therefore ufuaily hung upon the fledge ; the driver dc« pending principally on their obedience to his voice. Great care and attention are confcquently ufcd in train- ing cp the leader, which frequently becomes very va- luaolc on account of his fleadinefs and docility; the fum of forty roubles (or ten pounds) being no unufual price for one of them. I'he rider has alio a crooked (lick, anfwering thepurpofc both of whip and reins; with which, by ftriking in the fn«w, he can regulate the fpeed of the dogs, or even Hop them at hit pleafure. When they are inattentive to their duty, he often chaf. tifes them by throwing it at. them. The dexterity of the riders, in picking this ftick up again, is very re- markable, and is the mofl diiTicult manoeuvre in the exercife of their profcflion: nor is it, indeed, finpriliiig that they fliould be fkilful in a pradice in which they are f6 materially intercfled; for, they afTurcd us, that if a driver fliould happen to lofe his flick, the dogs im- mediately difcoverit; and, unlefs their leader is both Aeady and refolute, they will intlantly fct off full fpccd, and never ftop till their flrength is exhauflcd ; or till the carriage is overturned and dafhcd to pieces, or hur- ried down a precipice, when all are buried in the fnow. The accounts of the Ipced of thefe animals, and of th^ hardfhips and fatigues they fuirer, would have appeared incredible, had they not been fupportcd by thegreatcft authority. Wc ourfelves were wiineflcs of the extraj- ordinary expedition with which the mefTengcr rer' turned, who had been difpatchcd to Bolcheretik with the news of our arrival at St, Peter and St. Paul's, though the fhow was exceedingly foft. The Govemot of Kamtfchatka afTured us, that this journey was ufuaily performed in two days and an half; and that he had once received an cxprefs from that harbour in aj hours. Throughout the winter, the dogs are fed on the offals of dried and flinking fifh; and, even this miferablc food is withheld from them, a day before they fet out on a jounwy ; and they arc not permitted to eat a morfcl of any thing till they arrive at the end of it. They are frequently kept faffing for two entire days, in which time they will perform a jourocy of great extent. The fhape of thefe dogs rcfemblcs that of the Pomeranian breed, but they are confiderably larger. As we did not chufe to rely uiwn our own (kill, wc had each of us a man to conduct the fledge, which, in the condition the roads then were, proved a very labo- rious bufinefs : for, as the thaw had been prevalent in (he vallies, through which was our regular road, we were obliged tc^ravel along the fides of the hills ; our Suides being under the neceflity of fupporting the edges, on the lower fides, with their (houlders, for E miles together. Mr. King was attended by a natured Coflack, who was fo imperfed in his bu- j that he was continually overturned, which af- forded entertainment to his companions. The party confil^ed of ten fledges in the whole. That which conducted Captain Gore, was formed of two lathed to« S ether, and was plentifully furniflied with furs and bcar- dns. It was drawn by ten dogs, yoked four abreaflt and thofe which were laded with heavy baggage, were drawn by the fame number. We had not proceeded more than four miles on our journey, when it began to rain, which, together with the darknefs of the night, threw us into fome confufion. It was, after fame little confultation, agreed, that we fhould continue where we were, till day-light; we therefore fecured our flcdgei, wrapped ourfelves up in furs, and waited patiently for the morning. At three o'clock we were lummoned to proceed; our guides exprefling their apprehenfions, that if we waited any longer, the thaw would perhaps (top us, and prevent our advancing or returning. Though we had many difficulties to encounter, owing principally to the bad condition of the road, wo got fafe to an oflrog about two in the afternoon. It if called Natcheekin, and is fituated on a fmall ftrcam, which faHs into the Bolchoircka, at fome diflancc be- low the town. It is 25 miles from Karatchin ; whichj by their account, wc could have conipafli:d in four hours, had the frofl continued; but the fnow wai fo foft that the poor animal* funk up to their bellies at almoft every (tep; and it was indeed furprizing that they (hould DC able to fupport themfelves under fo fatiguing a journey. This inconfidcrable oftrog confifls of one log-houfe, the refidence of the Toion, one JQurt. and five balagani. We were received here with the fame civility andhofpitaliiy as at Karatchin i and, in the af- ternoon, were condudled to a remarkable hot fpring, at a fmall diftanccfroHt this village. Before wc came very near it, we faw a.xifing (team from it. as fjrom a ."■ boilinf ic often chaf- dextcrity of n, is very rc- CEUvrc in the ccd, fuipriiiiig n which they red us, that if the dogil iin- eadcr is both oft" full fpccd, iuftcd{ or till ieces, orhur- d in the fnow. als, and of th^ have appeared by the grcatcft of the extnij. meflcngcr re-' chcrctnL witi^ nd St. Paul's. The Governor icy was ufually d that he had ur in aj hours. 1 on the offals :hi.s mifcrablc re they fct out toeatamorfcl I of it. They days, in which extent. The e Pomeranian own (kill, we c, which, in a very labo- [) prevalent in jular road, we the hills ; our upporting the (hnulders, for attended by a fed in his bu- icd, which af> >. The party That which two lalhed to~ furs and bcar- I four abread ( "ggage. were not proceeded :n it began to of the night, ftcr fonie little inue where we 1 our (Icdgci, I patiently for fummoncd to ipprchcntions, vnuld perhaps or returning, sunter, owing road, uo got rrnoon. It is fmall ftrcam, ! diftance be- tchin; whichj lafl^d in four fnow was fo heir bellies at zing that they :r fo fatiguing onfifts of one ne JQurt, and with the fame nd, in the af- le hot fpring, fore wc came itjt as from a boiiinf m ill m:. :m f- f : I « ; '^4 M.v;\;;ii("^\; U'Vi'ii'Vii t::^^^'^^ 'ii 5r '; ; i Yd ^ II ! w- VI >* '- V •;:'■ I , ft? r- ■'. fr ^t •^a '. ':<-»»««» «• •«:> ' > ?,.L. ' "■ :*: ■' '^. " '"•', <"■ , # *• ' r' ' ■ Tf ;■■ ( » *. •■ X ' 'i - " A ' ' ) - "^ >rTr - . .* " ■ 'VVn " « ' ' COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the I'ACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 615 boiling caldron I and, when wc approached it, weper- ccivca a ftrong iulphureous effluvia. A hafon ofabout three feet in (fiameter, is formed bv the main (pring; bcfides which, there are feverai icfler fprings. of equal heat, in the adjacent ground: by which means the whole fpot, conrifting of about an acre, was lb very hot that we could not remain two minutes in the fame place. The water iflliing from thefc fprings, fupplics a fmali bathing pond, and afterwards a tittle rivulet, which con> dudU It into the river, at the diltancc of about 150 yards. Great cures, they informed us, had been cf- fcifled by this bath, in rhcumatifms, fcorbutic ulcers, fwolled and contracted joints, and many other diforders. Where thefe fprings How, the ground is on a gentle ^fcentt having a green hill of a moderate (izc behind it. Some plants fecmed to thrive hern with great luxuriance, among which wc obfcrvcd the wild garlick. Monday, the loth, in the morning, we embarked on the Bolchoirccka ; and, going with the (tream, cxpcdted to arrive at our journey's end the followitig day. Though Bolcheretfk is 80 miles from Natchcckin, wc were in- fomncdt that, in the fummer, when the melting of fnow on the mountains has rendered the river full and rapid, the canoes have often gone there in a lingie day : but now they told us wc (hould be much longi.r, the ice hav- ing broken up only three days bctorc our arrival, and oiir's being the firit boat that had attempted to pafs. There was but too mu^h truth in this intelligence; for wc were greatly impeded by the (hallows; and, though die flrcam was rapid in many places, wc frequently had ripplings and (houls, and were under the ncceifity of hauling the boats over them. On each fide of the river, the country was romantic, but not divcrfified} the courfc of it being between craggy mountains, of a moft dreary and barren afped ; with nothing to vary the fcencc, except now and then the fight of a bear, or a flock of wiUI-lbwI. I'his, and the following night, we llept under our marquee, on the banks of the river, and futfered greatly from thefcverity of the weather. Weilncfday the i :th, at day-light, we had paflTcd the mountains, and were proceeding through a low cxten- iivc plain, on which were a number ol flirubby trees. At nine in the morning, we reached an otlrog, called Opatchin,of about the fame magnitude as Karatchin, and fupjwfcd to be 50 miles from Natchcckin. A fer- j^ant and four Ruflian fukiicrs had been here two days, waiting for our arrival ; w ho inltantly difpatched a 'ighi boat to Bolchcrctik to give intelligence of our ap- proach. A niu^nilkrnt canoe, plentifully furnifhed with (kins and furs, was prepircd for our reception, and We were very commmlioully equipped ; but our fel- lowntravcUcrs were excluded. It gave us fome con- cern to be fepararcd from our old companion Mr. Port, .who daily grew nwre fliy and dillant, as we drew nearer to the completion of our journey. He acknowledged, indeed, bclure wc fet out, that he was not entitled to the refpett we had fhcwn him ; but, finding him difcrcet, and not prefuining, wc had in(i(^ed on his faring as we did, throughout the journey. We performed the re- mainder of our palfage, with the utinoll cafe and ex- pedition-, for as wcdefcendul, the river grew more ra- pid, and had very few obllru»!li()ns. On our approach- in? Kamtfchatka, we judged, from an appearance of gieat (lir and bulile, that our reception was to be in lorm. This circumftance was clifagrecable to us, as decent cloathing had long been fcarce among us ; and our traveling habits formed a (Grange anemblage of the modes of India, Europe, and Kamtfchatka. To make a parade 'through the metropolis in this motley trim, -wc thought would appear ridiculous; and, as we ob- ferved a crowd of people collected on the banks of the river, and were informed that the commander would receive us at the water-fide, we flopped at the houfe of ■ foldier, about a quarter of a mile before we .came to the town. Here wc difpatched Mr. Port with amclTagc to his excellency, acquainting him, that, asfoon as we had put off our travelling drelTes, we would attend hJmat hisown hoiifc toj.>^our refped^s to him; and entreated him not to thmk, cf waiting to condud us. He perijiiled, however, in his tv^folution of paying us this compliment, and we immediately proitcded to join him at the entrance of the capital. Wc wcrr all remarkably awkward and defective in making our firll falutations ; not having been accullomed to bowing and fcraping, fur at leafl two years and an lialf. 1'hc com- mander received us in a moft engaging manner ; but wc had the mortification to difcover, that he had almoli; wholly forgot the French language ; fo that only Mr. Webber had the fatisfadlion of convcrfrng with him, »h he fpokc the German, which was his native tongue. Major Behm was accompanied by Ca|)tain ShmalelF, the next in command, and another officer; the whole body of merchants attended alfo. We were condudted to the commandei *T, houfe, where we were politely and refpedtfully received by his lady; who had prepared tea and other refrelhments for us. The (irft compli- ments being over. Captain Goredcfircd Mr. Webber ttf acquaint the Major, that we werediftrcired for want of naval (tores, freih proviiions, flour, and other necclTa- ries; and that we were convinced we could not receive much alliftancc from him, in the country about Awatlka Bay, from what wc had already feen and heard ; that the impolTibility of conveying heavy (lores over the peninfula, at that feafon, we were but too fcnfible of, from the difRculties we had encountered in our jour- ney; and that we could not delay the ])rofecution of our voyage, to wait for any material change. 1 ictc the Major interrupted Mr, Webber, by obferving, that we knew not what they were capable of doing; that he (hould not beflow a thought upon the difHculties of fup- plying our wants: he only wilhed to know what arti- cles we (tood in need of, and the time he could be al- lowed for procuring them. After exprciring our ac- knowledgments for his obliging condcfcenfion, wc pre- fented him an account of the naval (lores, cattle, and Hour, wc were diredtcd to purchafe; and informed him, that we inrentled to profecutc our voyage about the 5th of June. After this, the convcrfation became more general, and it might naturally be fjpp>)fcd, that we were anxious to obtain fome information r^fpeding our native country. Having been three years abfcnt, we entertained the moll flattering expedlations, of re- ceiving fome intcreftingintelligenre from Major Behm : but wc were greatly difappointed, when he alTured us, that he could not communicate any intelligence of a much later date than that of our quitting England. The commander, fup(X)ling we might be fatigued, and defirous of repcfe, begged leave to condudt us to our lodgings, at about fevcn o'clock. It was ufelefs to proted againA a compliment, to which we had no other title than that of being Itrangers. That alone, with thisgen9rous Livonian, was fu flic ient to counterbalance- every other conli'rration. Ingoing along, we palTed twoguard-houfes, where the men were under arms, in compliment to Captain Gore, and were condud^ed to a neat decent houfe, which the Major had appointed for our refldence, while wc contiiiued at Kamtfchatka. Wc had two fentincis podcd at our door, and a fer- jcant's guard in an adjoining houfe. Having difpofed of us in our apartments, the Major took his leave, pro- mifing to vifit us the next day. Wc were now at lei- fureto difcover theconvenicncies which he had amply provided for us. Our fellow traveller, Mr. Port, and a foldier, of a rank between that of a ferjeant and a corporal, (called a pulproperfckack) were (ixed upon to be our male domcftics. Wc had alfo a houfekeeper, and a cook, who were ordered to obey Mr. Port's di- rections in drcfllng us a fupper, after the Englilh mode of cookery. In the courleof thecvcning, we were fa- voured with a number of civil melTages, from the principal inhabitants of the town, politely obferving, that their attending to pay their refpedls to uj at that time, would add to our fatigues, but they would do themfelves that honour the next morning. Such atten- tion and politenefs, in (o uncultivated and defolate a country, formed a contrail highly in favour of its inha- bitants; and, in addition to their civility, at fun-fer, the fcricaot brought the report of his guard to Captain Gore. In the morning of the 13th, compliments were fenc us by the Major, Captain Shmalcff, and (he mod re- fpe&abk '■'Hi 'ih: 6i6 Capt. C O O Ks VOYAGES C O M I' L E T E. /j'i'vtiihli- people of the town, from all whom we were hoiioiiriil with Mliis Toon aticr. 'I'hp two tonncr hiiv- 111;^;, alu-r wc- had r.timl to rcll, cmiuircii of Mr. I'ort vih.tr iiitidcM wc Hood in the greatcll nci-cl of on lioard the llii|)s J thiy iiililkil on our Iharing with their j^ar- ril'on, in the finall (Im k of provilions they had tlicn re- n;aininj^; latnintinj^, at the fame time, that our arri- val lliould happen to he in that feafon of the year, when riaicity n ipned univerfally ainon^i; thcnij the (loops Iroin Okntik nor hein^ yit arrived with their annual ru()ply. We thankfully aiTeptcd the liberal oiler of thefe hofpitahle Ihangcis; on eondition, however, that we lh(Ui!d be nude arquainttd with the price of the ar- tii;les we reeeivetl from them, that Captain I'.leikc niiglit draw upon the Victualling Oll'ue, in London, tor the amiiunt. This was refufed in the moll politivc terms; and, though repeatedly urged, the Major al- ways Hopped us (liort, by faying, that his riiillrcfs vu)uM be highly gratified at his rendering every alTlHancc in his power to the I-',nglilli, who are her good friends and allies; and that it would give hcra peculiar latisfaCtion to lind, that, in liieh remote regions, her dominions had alVorded any relief to vclFelK engaged in fuch im- ponant ferviees. He nddeil, that he could not, there- fore, act lo contrary to the principles of his Kmprefs, as to think of receiving anv bills; but, if we inlilU-d on it, we might give him a bare certificate of the articles he might i'upply us with, v^hith he would tranfmit to the court of Kulli.i, as evidence of having performed his duty. All farther acknowledgments, continued he, iinill befubmitted to the two courts; but you niufi ex- cufe me from acceding to your propofal. 'I'his matter being adjiilU'd, he reijuelted to be informed rcfpecting our private wants, faying he Ihoiild conlider it as offer- ing him an atVront, if we applied to any of the mer- chants, or had dealings with anv other perfon except himlllf. .\ot hav ing it in our power to make an adecjuate return for fuch lingular generolity, he had only our thanks and admiration. At this moment, Mr. King reoileJed, that C;jptain Clerkc had lent by him a let ot the eni.';ravings to Captain Look's fecond voyage, dc- liring him to prefent it, in his name, to the comman- der. Nothing could have Ijcen more acceptable to him than this prefent, the Major being an cnthuliall in all matters relative to difcovcries. Captain Clerkc had alii) given Mr. King a difcretionary power, of permit- tin;; tiie commander to fee a chart of the difcoveiies made in the prefent voyage; and, judging from his li- tiiation and dilpolition of mind, that he would be hij;hly gratilied by fuch a communication; though, from motives of delicacy, he had only atked a few gene- ral quiHions on the fubjeJl, Mr. King repofcd in him that conlidenic, which his whole condu(Jl fojuftly me- rited. He lelt this compliment as it was intended he Ihoiild, and was llruck at beholding, in one view, the whole of thatcoall on the lK.i of Afia and Aincrica, \Uiich his countninen hid been lb long employed in acquiring an imperfect knowledge of. Except this mark ot confidence, and the fet of copjx-r-plates al- ready mcniioned, we had nothing with us deferving of hii acceptance; for it was hardly worth noticing, that Mr. King prevailed on his fon (who was quite a youth) to accept of a lilvcr watch ; and contributed to his lit- tle daughter's happinefs, by prcftnting her with two pair of ear-ring.>i, of French palVe. He alfo gave Cap- tain ShmaietV the thermometer which he had ufed on bis journey, when he engaged to keep a regifler of the temperature of the air for one whole year, and to tranf- mit it to Mr. Mullcr, with whom he was acquainted. '1 his day we dined at the commander's, who, ever ftu- dious to gratify our curiofity, had prepared variety of d lilies ilrencd after the Rudian and Kaintfchadale man- ner, bcfides a number of others in thcEnglifli ftyle. In the afternoon, we took a filrvcy of the town, and the adjacent country. The (ituation of Bolcheretik is in a low fwampy plain, extending to the fca of Okotc entertainment was given by the Major, ia the evening, to which were invited all the refpcdtable inhabitants of both fexes. 'I'hc next dav we made a private application to fWlofitch, the merchant, in or- der to purchafe foine tobacco; the failors having been without that favourite commoditv for upwards of a year. This, however, like other linular tranfaiilioni*, came immediatfl\ to the knowledge of the comman- der; and, in a veiy ihoit time after, we were furprized to linil lour bags of tobacco in our houfe, each contain- ing upwards of 100 pounds; which the Major rc- qucrtcd might be piefeiited to our failors, in his name, and that of the garrifon under his command. By the fame conveyance, we received 20 loaves of fugar, and as many pounds of tea, which they requeftcd the offi- cers to accept of; as they undcrflood that we were almoft delHtute of thofc articles. A prefent was aUb fent by Madame Behm, for Captain Clcrke, which conlillcd of honey, butter, Itgs, rice, and other articles; accompa-t nicd with her belt wilhes, that, in his infirm ftate, tney might prove ferviceable to him. We ftrcnuoiilly en- deavoured to opjioff this profufton of bounty, and were extremely anxious to rcllrain it ; fully convinced that they were giving us almoll the whole (lock of their gar- rifon. Hut the anfwrr we received from the Major, on thefe occalions. generally was, fhat he Lad been in dif- trcfs himfclf, and he was fenlible that we mull now be in that lituation. The length of time, indeed, fince wc had touchcil at any known port, appeared to them al- moll incredible, and feemed to reijuire the evidence of our maps, and other concurrent circumllanccs, to ob- tain their credit, .\mong the latter, we fti;»Jl mention a curious fadt, which Major Behm related to us this morning, and which he faid he (hould not have known how to .-iccount for, but for our arrival. Among the people of the north of Alia, it is well kne^vn, that the ifchutfki only have maintained their independence, and rcfilfcil all the elTorts of the Ruliians to reduce riiem. 'I'he laft attempt was in 1750, and, after variety of temporary advantages on each lide, the Ruflian for- ces retreated, after having lod their commanding offi- cer. The Ruflians afterwards removed their frontier tbrtrefs, from the Anadyr to the Ingiga, a river which runs into the northern extremity of the fea of Okotfk, and £iye« its name to a gulph, well of that of I'cn- niinfk- ^ , unMur the liirec- Mhi(.h has aJilcil i)cri-(J it much kTs ol the liver, bc- ■t, and th(; Urcidth ihiicvof 12 iniUi, tlk, where it u ca- leli. No corn, ot t'thc country; and icoifly ^aidcn that earth was lovircd c from it, were full nut 30 or JO cows, orfcs. 1 hcfe, and lU : being obliged thry can rear only n (Ircngth and lize. :r fcafon, the dogi forthemfclvesi and f will even venture -c all in the fame and arc thatched, arger than the reft, ratly papered t but a, gave them a dif- 'he town conriA!) of ix habitations each, [tending the whole and Dore-houfc on icnta on the other, an foldicrs and cof- -room; and, at the ;ans. 1 he number id lix hundred, y. 1 by the Major, in I ail the refpcilfahle rxt dav we made a ic merchant, in or- "aili)i.s having been for upwards of a imilar tranl'aCiions, ;e of the comiuan- , we were furpnzed loufe, each contain- ich the Major re- failors, in his name, command. By the oaves of fugar, and I requcftcd the ofli- that we were alinort ;nt wai aUii fcnt by ', which coniilled of articles; accompa- us infirm ftate, tncy VVc (tienuoully en- of bounty, and were iilly convinced that Ic (lock of their gar- from the Major, on he l.ad been in dif- liat wc muft now be Tie, indeed, (ince wc ipeared to them al- uire the evidence of rcumdanccs, to ob- , we (hM mention related tu us this uid not have known rrival. Among the icll kncv^vn, that the their independence, Kuil'ians to reduce o, and, after variety ide, the Rufllan for^ if commanding oHi- lovcd their frontier ngiga, a river which ' ihe fea of Okotfk, it II of that of Fcn- Hiinlk. ii 1 I COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 617 fhinfk. On the day of our arrival at Bolchcretflc, the Major had received difpatchcs from this fort, acquaint- ing him, that a party of the Tfchutfki had arrived there, with voluntary offers of fricnddiip and a tribute. That, on adcing the caufe of fo unexpcfted an alteration in their fenttments, they had acquainted his people, that two large Ruffian boats had vilited them, towards the end of the preceding fummer; that they had been ftiewn the greateft kindnefs by the people who were in them, and had entered into a league of amity with them; and that, in confequcnce of r' is, they came to the RufTian fort, in order to fettle a treaty upon terms agreeable to both nations. This remarkable tale had given rife to much fpcculatioii, both at Ingiginlk and 'Bolchcrct(k; and mult have remained utterly unintel- ligible, had it not been cJucidatcd by us. It was no fmall fatisfaftion to us, to have thus ihevvn the Ruf- Ibns, even by Accident, tlie bell method of collecting tri- bute, and extending their dominions ; in hopes that the good underflanding, which this event has produced, may rcfcue a brave people Iroiii llich powerful invaders. This day being I'Viday, the 14th, wc were engaged to dine with Captain Shinaletf, who, in order to vary our amufcments, eHtcrtained us with an exhibition of danc- ing, in the Riilllan and Ksttitfchadale (lylc. It is im- poliible to convey an adei]u:uc idcn of this uncouth ex- hibition. The figure of the Rullian dance, refemblcd thofc of o'.ir hornpipes, and confided of one, two, or four performers at a time. Their Heps were exceed- ingly Ihort and quick, their feet being raifed but a very little way from the ground; their arms were hung down ctofe to the fides, the body being kept, the whole time, erec> and immoveable, except when the performers paired each other, \vhen the hand waj fuddenly raifed wi(h an awkward motion. But, if the Ruflian dance was unmeaning and ridiculous, the Kamtfchadale was infinitely more fo. The principal ann, in their per- formance;, is to reprcl'ent the clumfy gellures of the bear, which the inhabitants of this country have fre- quent opportunities of obfcrving in various fituations. To dcfcribc the awkward poftures, exhibited on thefe occafions, would appear tedious and unintciflling. In general, howev»^r, the body was bowed, and the knees Bent, whilft the arms were employed in imitating the motions of that awkward animal. Much time had been fpent in our journey to Bolchcrctfk, and being informed that our return might, perhaps, be more dil- ficult and tedious, we were obliged to acquaint the Major this evening, with our intention of departing the ntxt dav. We could not think ol leaving our new ac- quaintance without regret: and were agreeably fur- ,->ri7(.-d, when liio Major promifcd to accompany us, if wc would Iby but one day longer. He told us, that he had madf R}) his difpaii hes, and religned the com- mand of Kanitl'chatka to t'.ipiain Shmalefl'; having made the nccelHir)' preparations for his departure to Okotfk, which was lliortly to take place; but that he fliould be happy in poftponinK his journey, and attend- ing us to St. I'ctcr and St. Paul's, in order to be fatis- ficd, that nothing which could be done to ferve us, Ihould be omitted. For the articles which Mr. King had given to the Majer's children, he received, the next morning, a mort magnificent Kamtfchadale drefs, fuch as the principal Toions wear on the moll folemn occa- fions. This habit, as wc were informed by I'edolitfch, mull havecofl, at leaft, 120 roubles. He alio, at the fame lime, was prefented with a handfome fable mull, as a prefent from his daughter. Saturday, the ijth, we dined with the commander, who, willing to give us an opportunity of feeing as much as wc could of the manners and cuftoms of the country, invited all the principal inhabitants of the town, to his houfc this evening. The drellcs of the women were fplendid, after the Kamtfchadale manner. Captaid Shmaleft's lady, and the wives of the other officers of the garrifon, were duilld in a pretty tafte, partly in the Siberian, and partly in the European mode. Madame Bchm, in particular, appeared in a grand European drcfs. The richncfs and variety of Ka, 75. thcfilks worn by the women, as well a.s the lingularity of their drefs, was very linking: and the whole had the air of fome enchanted fcene. in the inidlt of the molt defert and dreary country in the univeric. The entertainments of this night were dancing apd linging. As wc had fixed upon the next morning for our depar- ture, we retired early to our apartments, where three travelling drclTes prefented themftlvcs to our view, made after the Kamtfchadale mode, which had been pruvided for us by the commander. He came to us himfclf foon after, to fee that proper care was taken in packing up our things. We had, indeed, no inconlidcr.ibit load of baggage ; for, exclufive of his liberal prdlnts. Cap- tain Shmaleff, and fevcral other individuals, Ihewcd us many inllances of kindnefs and generolity. On the 16th, early in the morning, we were preparing for our departure, when we were invited to take our leave of Madame Bchm, in our palTage to the boats. Already imprelfed with fcntiments of the warmell gratitude, for the benevolent and generous treatment we had re- ceived at Bolcheretlk, they were much heightened by the affeding fcene which followed. On quitting our apartments, wefaw all the foldier< and collacksof the garrifon drawn up on onefidet and, on the other, were all the male inhabitants of 'the town, in their bell cloathing ; the whole body of the people joining in a melancholy fong, which, we were infbrmedl it was ufual to ling on the departure of friends. Thus wc marched till we ar- rived at the commander's houfe, preceded by the drums and mulic belonging to the garrifon. Here we were received by Madame Bchm, accompanied by fevcral ladies, habited in long lilk cloaks, lined with furs of various colours; forming a molt fplendid appearance. Having partook of fome rtfrelliment which had been provided for us, wc proceeded 10 the water- iido, at- tended by the ladies, who joined with the red of the people in the fong ; and, having taken leave of Ma- dame Bchm, after alfuniig her that the fcnfe of the liof- pitality of Bolcheretlk, would be indelible in our hearts, we were too much atfectcd not to haften into the boats. At putting off, we received three cheers, which we im- mediately returned; and, on doubling a point, where we lall beheld our friendly entertainers, they Hill added to our feelings, by a farewel cheer! On our return, the (Iream was fo exceedingly rapid, that, notwithllanding the utmolt exertions of our condudors, wc did not ar- rive at the firll village, Opatchin, till the 17th in the evening, which did not exceed the rate of 20 miles a day. On the 1 9th, we reached Natcheekin, and crolfcd the plain to Karatchin on the 20th. The rond was in much better order than when we paffed it before, as it lioze fmartly in the night of the 19th. We proceeded down the Awatlka river on IViday, the 2 ill, and palled over the flioals, at the entrance of the bay, before it was darJc. During the whole of our journev, we were highly pleafcd with the willingncfs anti alacrit\', with which the Toions and their Kamtllhadales alFilled us at the dilfcrent oltrogs. On feeing the Major, joy ap- peared in every countenance; and they were much at- feCled upon being informed that he would (lu>rilv leave them. A meflengcrhad been difpatchcd from Bolche- retlk to Captain Ucrke, acquainting him w ith the na- ture of our reception; and that the Major intended to accompany us on our return; apprizing him, at the fame time, of the day he might expect us. We ob- ferved, with pleafure, as we approached the harbour, all our boats coming towards us. The men w ere all clean, and the olHcers as well arrayed as their ward- robes would then permit them to be. The Major was llruck at the healthy appearance of our failors, and was furprized to fee that many of them had no other cover- ing than alhirtandtrowfers, Uioiigh it nduallyfnowed at that very inftanr. Major Behm had exprefled an in- clination to vifit the (liips before he landed ; but, being informed that Captain Clerkc was extremely ill, he thought it would be improper to dillurb him .-it fo late an hour; it being then after nine o'clock. Mr. King therefore attended him to the feijeant's houfc, and af- terwards went on board to communicate to Ciptnm 7 R Gierke I 6i8 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. Gierke what had happened at Holchcrctlk. Ite was much concerned to find that, during his abfcncc, that officer's health was confiderably impaired, inftead of growing better, as «c flattered ourfclves it might, from undifturbed rcpofc in the harbour, and a milk and vc- pctabio diet. The next morning, Mr. King conciuCtcfl the Major to the rtiips; where he was received with every podlblemark of dirtindion, and Rthited with i;j ^iins. He was atrcmlcd by the commander of a Ruf- lian galliot, two merchants from Bolcherctlk, a mafter of a Hoop, and the pricrt of the village of Paratounca. Having villted the Captain, and taken a view of the ti\o (hips, he returned to dine on board the Refolu- tion. In the courfe of the afternoon, the curiolkies ■which we had coiledcd were (hewn him, and an aflbrt- ment of each article preftntcd to him by Captain Gierke. Here we cannot fupprcfs an inllance of great penerofity and gratitude in our Tailors; who, being in- formed of the handfome prclcnt which had been made them by the Major, voluntarily rcqueftcd that their grog might be withheld, and their allowance of fpirits prefented to the garrifon of lk)lchcretlk; flying they knew brandy was extremely fcarce in that country, the foldiers on fliore having olVered four roubles a bottle for it. We could not but admire this extraordinary facrifice, knowing how much the failors felt, when abridged or deprived of their grog. Indeed, they never had that article withheld from them but in warm weather, that they might enjoy a greater proportion when it was molt necelTary -, but this generous propo- fal would deprive them of it, even in the inclement feafon we had naturally toexj)ed in our northern expe- dition. The officers, however, would not permit them to fulfer by their generofity, and fublhtuted, in the room of the fmall quantity of brandy, which the Ma- jor confented to accept, an equal quantity of rum. A dozen or two of Cape viin. far Madame Hehm, and fome other trifling preients which we were enabled to make, were acreptctl with great politenefs. 'I'he to- bacco was dilhibuted the next morning, among the crews of both vcflels ; every man that chc«ed orl'moked tobacco being allowed three pounds, and the others who did not, only one. We have already obfervcd that the Major had refigned theconunand of Kaintlchatka, and was fpeedily totrepair to Pctcrlburgh; and he now cx- prcfTed his willingnefs to convey any difpatches we mi"ht chufe to commit to his care. Such an oppor- | tunity was not to be neglected j and Captain Clerke re- quefled him to take the charge ot fome papers relative to our voyage, to the Uritilb Amlian".ui()r at the Rullian court. At firlt, we intended to tranfmit only a con- cife journal of our proceedings; but, after mature con- fideration, Captain Ckrkc was of opinion, that the whole account of our difcoveries might fafely be com- mitted to the care of a man, w ho had given the flronged proofs of probity and virtue. Conlidering alio, that a very hazardous part of the voyage was (lill to be per- formed, he refolved tofcrKl, by him, the whole of Cap- tain Cook's journal ; together with his own, from the death of that commander, till our arrival at Kamtf- thatka; and alfo a chart of our difcoveries. Mr. Bayly and Mr. King alio determined to fend an account of our proceedings to the board of longitude. From thefe precautions, had any accident befallen us, the Admiralty would have become jioHlHeJ of the prin- cipal fa^its of our voyage, h uas farther refolved, that a finallcr packet fliouKI be dilpatchcd from Okotlk, which the Major fuppoled would reach Pctcrlburgh by December; and that he expected to arrive there him- felf in I'cbruary or March. The Major was enter- tained alternately in the two lliips, as well as wc were able, the three l()llinving days. On Thurfday, the 25th, he departed, and was faluted with n guns; the fiiilors, at their own requelt, exprefling their regard tor him by three cheers. Mr. King and Mr. Webber attended him, thi: next morning, fome few miles up the Awatika liver, where the Rulliaji pried and his family were waiting to bid a htt adieu to their commander. When taking our leave of the Major, it is diflicultto fay, whe- ther the worthy pridl and his family or ourfclves were molt afll'e^cd. Though our acquaintance had been of ftiort duration, his tjchaviour had infpiied us with the highcft cftecm for him ; and we could not part (perhaps for ever) with one, to whom wc were under fuch infinite obligations, without indulging the moll tender feelings. Exclulive of the ftores, which might probably be car- ried to a public account, the value of the private pre- fcnts be bellowed on us, mull have amounted to upwanls of 200 pounds. But, however extraordinary this gene- rofity may appear, it was exceeded by his delicacy in conferring favours, and his ingenious endeavours to prevent our feeling the weight of obligations, which he knew we were unable to requite. In fupporting a pub- lic charac'ler, and maintaining the honour of his Ibve- reign, he is Hill more entitled to our admiration, as he was aifluated by fentiments the moll noble and en- larged. The fervicc in which we were engaged, he told us, was for the general benefit of mankind ; and entitled us to the ollices of humanity, and the privileges of citizens, in whatever country we might be driven. That, by artbrding us fuch relief as was in his power, he was certain that he was acting agreeably 10 the wifhcs of his emprefs; and t!iat he could not fo en- tirely forget her character, or his own honour, as to b.ir- ti.r for the performance of a duty. Among other tl.ings, he laid, he made a particular point of fitting a good cy!('Tiple to the Kamtfchadales, who were |ull emerging from a Hate of barbarifmj that they coiili- dered the Ruffians as their patterns, in every rtfpeCt ; znd that he hoped they would, in future, think it a duty incuml)ent on them to render (Irangers every alliflance in their power, and believe it to be the unuerliil prac- tice of all polilhed and civilized nations. The Major having, fo far as he was capable, relieved our prclent diflrelTcs, he was not unmindful of our future wants; and, imagining we fliould not be able to difcover the pallage we were in feaich of, and that wc llioiild return toKanitfchatka; he procureil from Captain Clerke, the particulars of what flour and cordage he lliouid want, piomifing to fend thcni from Okotlk, to wait our ar< rival. He alio prefented the Captain with a written paper, enjoining every Rullian fubjei'l toaliill us to the utmolt of their abilities. 1 laving thus given a narra- tive of the journey of our party to, and their return from Holcherctfk, their reception there, and the depar- ture of Major Uehm, we Ihall now recount the tranf- adlions which paflcd at Petiopauluwlka during our ab- fcncc. On IViday, the 7th of May, not long after wc had quitted the bay of Aw atlka, a great piece of ice drove againll the Refolution, ami brought home the fmall l)i<)wer anchor; in conlajuence of whah the other an- chor was weighed, ami the fliip was moored again. The carjH'nters, who were occupied in llo|iping the leak, wero under the necelfity of taking oil great part of the (lieathing from the bows; and many of the trunnels were found to be fo loofe and rotten, that they were drawn out calily with the lingcr.-i. On Tuefday the I ith, heavy gales blew from the N.l'i. which obliged l»oth velfels to ilnke their \ards and top-malls ; but the weather becoming more moderate in the afternoon, and the ice having drifted away as lar as the mouth of the hartxHir of I'ctropaulowlka, they warped clofe to the lliorc for the greater convenience of procuring wood and water, and again moored, asl)clbre; the mouth m1 the bay fhut in by the molllbuthcrly point of Kakowiiia harbour, bearing S. and the town N. half W. at the the dillancc of half a mile. On the 12th, a party was detached to cut wooil, hut made little piogrels in that fervice, on account of the fiiow, which Itiil covered the ground. A convenient ffwt, alireafl of the Ihips, was cleared, where there was a go(xl run of water; and a tent l)eing pitched for the cooper, the empty talks were landed, and the fail-makers fent aihoie. On Sa- turday, the 15th, as the beach *as then clear of ice, a party «ai fent to haul the feine, and caught a plentiful iupply of fine flat-fifh for the companies of lioth Ihipt. I'roni this time, indeed, till we quitted the harbour, wc were even ovcri)owenrd with the great quantities of filli which came in from cv:rv quarter. Tin I'wiuns, budi I of COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 611 of this town, and of Paratounca, a neighbouring vil- lage, had received orders from Major Behm to employ, in our fcrvice, all the Kamtfchadales; fo that it fre- quently happened, that \vc could not take into the fliips the prefents which were font us. They generally confiftcd of herrings, trout. Hat fifli, and cod. The former, which were in their highcft perfcdion, and of a delicious fla- vour, were in extreme plenty in this bay. The people of the Difcovcry, at one time, furroumled fuch an a- inazing quantity in their fcine, that they were obliged to throw out a very conlidcrable number, left the net fliould be broken to pieces; and the cargo they landed was ftill fo abundant, that, bcfidc-s having a fufficicnt ftock for immediate ufc, they lilled a's many cafks as they could conveniently fparc for falling; and, after lending on board the Rcfolution a tolerable quantity for the fame purpofe, they left behind feveral bufhcis upon the beach. The ice and fnow now began rapidly to difappear, and plenty of nettle-tops, celery, and wild garlick, were gathered for the ufc of the crews ; which being boiled with portable fmip and wheat, furniflied them with an excellent and falutary breakfafl; and with this they were every morning fupplied. The birch-trees were alio tap- ped, and the iwcet juice, of which they produced great quantities, was conllantly mixed with the brandy al- lowed to the men. On the i6th, a fmall bullock was killed, which the ferjeant had procured for the fliips" companies. Its weight was 272 pounds. It was ferved out to both the crews for their Sunday's dinner, and was the fuft frelh hecf which they had talleii lincc the departure of our vell'els from the Cape of Good Hope, in December, 1776; a prriod of alnioft two years and a half. Thiseveningjohn NUcint<)fli,thc carpenter's mate expired, after having beci aflirtcd witha dyfcntery ever finccwc had left the Sandwich lllcs. He was a peaceable and induOrious man, and greatly regretted by his mefs- inates. Though he was the fourth perfon that wc had M\ by fickiiefs during our vcyagc, he was the firfl who, from his age and conftitutiin, could be faid to have had, on our fettiiig out, an cq lal cham e of life with the reft of his companions. W'aiman was fuppofed by us to be about 60 years old ; and Roberts, and Mr. .\nder- fon, from the decline which hid manifellly commenced before our departure from b.ngland, mo<\ probably could not, imdcr any i ircumfttnccs, have lived to a later pcri(xi than thev did. Captain C'lerke's health cmtinuing daily to decline, rotwithfhmding the f»lutarv change of diet which Kamtfihatka allordeil him, tfc pricft of Paratounca, as I'oon as he was informed of the weak ftate he was in, fupjilied him every day with milk, bread, fowls, and frelli butter, though his habiation was 16 miles from the harbour « here our lhip< were ftationcd. On our arrival, the Ruliian hofpitAl, rear the town of St. Peter and St. Paul, was in a very dqiloiable (hue. .Ml the foldiers were, in a greater or iefs degree, afflidled with the fcurvy, many Ix-ing in tlv laft ftage of that difor- der. The rell of the Kuflian inhabitants were likewifc in a fimilar condition ; and vs- obfcrved, that our friend the ferjeant, bv drinking too rcely of the fpirits he had received from us, had brough on hiniieif, m the courfc of a few days, feveral of the 110ft alarming fymptoms of that difeafe. Captain Cleke, dctirous of relieving them from this lamentable ft;te, put them all under the care of our fuigcons, and gave orders, that a fup- ply of four krout, and malt, t)r wort, (hould be fur- nifhcd for their ufc. A furprifng alteration foon took place in the figures of moft of :hem; and their fpecdy recovery was chiefly attribute! to the etVccts of the fwcct wort. On Tuefday, the ift of June, 250 pooils, or 9,000 pounds weight of rye flour, weic brought on board the Kefolution; and the Dilcovcry ■■cccived a proportional quantity. Wc were fupplied vith thu flour from the rtores of Petropauloufka. The men were now put on ihcir full allowance of bread, wiich, from the time of our leaving the Cape of Good Hbpc, they had not been indulged in. The fame day, \vt compleated our ftock of water, 65 tons having been conveyed on board. Fri- I day, the 4th, wc had frelh breezes, and heavy rain?, t'd that we were difappointed in our defign of diefling the Ihips, and obliged to content ourfelvcs with tiring 21 guns, in honour of His Majcfty's birth-day, and cele- brating it, in other rcfpcds, in the bell manner wc ' could. Port, who, on account of his fl ing about tor fomc time, with loud fcnams, and maniKIt indications of extreme terror, drops Its excrement, which its pur- fuer inllantly darts at, atd catches in its beak before it falls into the fea. On Iriday, the 25th, it one o'clock, P. M. when in the latitude of J9 deg. 12 min. and in the longitude of 168 deg. 35 mm. a ver- thiak fog came on, about the time we expeifted to ohain a view of Olutorlkoi Nofi, which (if Muller's poliion of it, in the latitude of 5*^ deg. 30 min. and in tic longitude of 167 deg. 36 min. is right) could then ha'e been only 12 leagues from usj at wnichdiftance, we might calil/have oifccrncd land of a moderate height. (3ur depth of water, at prefent, was fo great, that we lad no ground with 160 ^thoiiu of line. The fog flii continuing, prevented us from making a nearer approach to tbc land, and we ftecied E. by N. at five o'clock, which is a little more ca(\erly than the RulTian chaits rcprefent the trending of the A ■ - coafl UO;. .1 not long bit a vhtn the uiiul r> a thick fii;i, ectionot N. K AC again llccicd Kaintlchiitlkoi cakoii till- :ilt. L'Jcd by a ii^;lit prcvcntcii frimi :i) (Jcttrininc lu KKin, our long. L'g. 52 niin. tlic . three ijuartcrs thcni'.irc'd pa it At nint in the t 6 miles nc:'.rcr ;ting peninfiil.i, lircLiion nearly crate elevation ; iv Hoping point; bliitV heaJ; and ot the northern c land. On both reniatkaWe hill, opening ; and a I i'now, e.Mends As the coall ertain with re- s'dls, wliiili, ai:- LVting point to- it we alterwarJ. It appellation is ide oi this, from eg. J Miin. and le S. ot this pe- .ins into the lea. us to make aa latka, It was the lie to Beeiing'i .vtive (ituations We thcrelnre down between jfs, with a view ncd by the Kuf- infulaol Kamtl- ; ot the touiury ad whale, whii h able at the dii- covered with a trcl-i, and other infelves upon it. tted about dur- S. W. bringing ■ded towards th • and in light. In great number of Jelicate manner i procured it the wIulIi is rather the latter fpeeieu t1)iny about lor litell uiditations whieh Its pur- its beak before it P. M. when in the longitude of nc on, about ihc Ohiiorlkoi Nofs, he latitude of S9 167 dcg. _j6 min. leagues trom us; ^e aifccrncd land water, at urcfent, with 160 fathouiK rcvcntcd us from 1, and we llecicd ittlc more eafterly c trending of the coaft C0OK*s THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— io the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 621 coaft from Olutorrt^oi Nofs. The ncxj: day, a, frcfli gale blew from the S. W. which laflcd till ooon on the 27th, when the weather clearing up, wc (leered to the N. with an iritciition of making the land, Our latitude, at this time, was 50 deg. 49 min. and our longitude 175 deg. 43 min. Though wc faw fomc (hags in the morning, which arc imagined never to fly far from the land, yet there was no appearance of it during the whole day. However, the next morning,, ?bout fix o'clockj wc had fight of it towards thp N. W. The coaft appeared in nills of a moderate elevation j but inland, others were obfervcd confideiably higher. "The fnow lying in patches, and no wood being perceived, the land had i very barren afped. At nine o'clock, we wete ten or eleven miles from the fhorc, the fou- thern extreme bearing W. by S. about fix leajjuts dif- tant, beyond which the coaft fccmed to incline to the W. This point being in the longitude of 1 74 deg. 48 min. and in the latitude of 6r ckg. 48 min. is fitu- ated according to the RufTian charts, near the mouth of the river Opuka. The northern extremity, at the fame time, bore N. by VV. between which, and a hill bearing N. W. by W. quarter W. the coaft appeared to bend towards the W. and form a deep bay. At the diftance of about eight miles from the land weobferved a ftrong rippling; and being under apprchcnfions of meeting with foul ground, we made fail to the N. E. along the coall. On heaving the lead, we found the deptn of water to be 24 fathoms, over a bottom of gra- vel. We ihcreloie eoni luded, that the appearance above-mentioned, was oceafioned by a tide, then run- ning to the fouthuard. At noon, the extremes ol the land bearing W. S. W. and N. N. E. we were abreall of ih9 Ipw land,) which, we now obfcrvcd, joined the two pqints, where wc had betbre expci^cd to difcovcr a deep pay. Thccoart fiends a little , towards the W. and ha^ a frntU inlet, which is, perhaps,. the raouth of fomc itigonfidcrable river. Our longitude was now 175 dcg. 43 min. and our latitude 61 deg. 56 min. During the afternoon, we continued our courfe along the coaft, which exhibited an appearance of (lerility, and the hills rofe to siconfiderablc elevation inland, but the clouds oil theij tops prevented .us from determin- ing their licight, About eight o'clock in the evening, fome of our people thought they faw land to the E. by N. upon which we Hood to the louthuaid of E. hut it proved to be nothing more than a log bank. At mid- night, the extreme point bearing X. E. . quarter E. we conjoflurcd that it was St. Thadcus's Nofs ; to the S. of which the land incline.^ towards the W. forming a deep bight, wherein the river katirka, according to the charts publiflied by r'^c Jiuilians, is fituatc. On Tucf- day the 2iith, the weather was unfcttled, with the wind at the N. E. point. . On the 30th, at noon, we obfcrvcd in loii|jitudc 1 80 dcg, and latitude 61 dcg. 48 min. At this, time, St. Thadeus's Nofs bore N. N. W. at the diftanceof 23 leagues) and beyond it we perceived the coaft extending almoft diredtly N. The cafternmoft point of the N'ofs is in the latitude of (>i deg. 50 min. and in the longitude of 179 deg. The land about it, from its being dillcrned at to great a dillance, may juftly be fuppofed to be of a.conlidcrablc height. Dur- ing this ;ma the preceding day, we f iw numbers of fea- hoifes, whales, ana feals; alfo albatrod'es, gulls, fca»* -parrots, guillemots, and other birds* I. ', ' ' ; I. II,' '.■ !•!:;■• ir. 'i' I . * ' -a ( I, ' CHAP. XVIII. : ; ' Tt}f Rcfiluikn and Diuovcry contiruc ibeif nurff to the iiBrlb—Tfrbukot/kn NofsdrfirieJ — ///(• r.f St. Lazvrencc-^Siy the ice — Captain CUike refi.'ves, to the^ieatjiy of tbcjhip'i crt'u, to reluni to the JoHthTvard—^Pafs SerJ'ae Kamen Vroc-ed thriugb B.vr^ii^'j Siy.uts — R,ina>l:.< ni /he extent of the norlb-eaft co.iji of Aji.i — Kealons for rejeF/in^ MiiHrr'i nirp— ImpraS?!, ah.'ity nf a n-jrlb-e-iil, or norih-urjl p^i/Jij^e finm the Atuiniic into the Puafw Ocean — The progrefs made »; 1778, compared with that made in 1779 — O/jervalions on the Sea, Sca-Gjajh, itft. Nntbof Beering's Straits. ON Tluirfday, the 1 ft of July 1 779, at noon, Mr. IJligh, mafter of the Refohition, foiuui by ex- periment, that the ftiip made a courfe to the N. ]•'.. at the rate of about half a mile in an hour: this he attributed to the elVed of a fouthcrly fwcll, rather than to that of any current. The wind towards the even- ing, frefhening from the S. E. we (leered to the N. E. by E. for the point that Beering calls Tfchukotlkoi Nofs, which we had obfcrvcd on the 4ih of Sepicinber thciirecedingyear.at the fime time that we perceived, towards the S. E. the lllc of St. Lawrence. This cape, and St. Thadcus's Nofs, tram tlw; north-caftern and fi:>uth-wcftern extremes uf the extenlive CJulph of Ana- dir, into the bottom of which the river of that naiiic difcharges itfclt', feparating, as it pafiej, the country of the Tfchutfki from that of the Koriacs. On the 3d, at noon, we obfcrvcd in latitude 63 deg. -ij. min. longi- ttin'" 186 dcg. 45 min. netwccn twelve and one, we delc.ied the Tfclnikotllioi Nofs, bearing N. half W. at thediftanccof 13 or i4lcagues. At live in the after- noon, we faw the itland of St. Lawrence, in the di- reftion of E. three-ouartcrs N. and alfo another illand, which wc imaginctf was between St. Lawrence and Anderfon's IHand, about 1 8 miles E. S. E. of the for- mer. As we had no certain know ledge of this ifland, Captain Gierke was inclined to have a nearer view of it, and immediately hauled the wind towards it: but it unfortunately happened, that we were unable to weather the IfleofSt. La ceding year, wc inferred, that oiir prefent diftancefroiH the coaft of America did not exceed fix or fevep leagues 1 but our view was circumfcribed within a much nar- rower compafs, by a heavy fall of fnow. Our latitude, at noon, was 69 deg. 21 min. and our longicu but had the misfortune to damage the cut-water againft the drift pieces, and rub off fonie of the flieathing from the bows. The fliocks, indeed, which our fliips re- ceived, were frequently very fcvcrc, and were attended with conlidcrablc hazard. Our I.ititude, at noon, was 69 dcg. 1 2 min. and our longitude 1 88 ilcg. 5 min. We had now failed almoft 40 leagues to the W. along the edge of the ire, without perceiving any opening, or a clear fea beyond it towards the N. no propped ihirc- forc remained of making fuithcr progrcls to the north- ward at prefent. For this nafon Captain Gierke ditcr- mincd to bear away to S. by £. the only iniartcr which was clear, and to wait till the fcafon «as fonicwhat more advanced, before he made any further attL-mpts to penetrate through the ice. He propofcd to employ the intermediate time in furveying the bay of St. L.m- rence, and the coaft fituatctothe S. of it; as it would be a great fatisfatflion to have a harbour fo near, in cafe of future damage from the quantity of ice in thefe parts. We were alfo defirous of pacing another vilit to the Tfrhutflii; and more particularly fince the accounts we had heard of them from M-iJor Behm. In confaiuenceof this determination, we made fail to the foiithward, till the loth at noon, when we paffed con- fidcrable quantities of drift ice, and a pcrfcd calm en- fiied. The' latitude, at this time, was 6S deg. 1 min. and the longitude 1 88 dcg. jo min. This niornin>r wc faw fevcral whales ; and in the afternoon, there being great numbers of fea-horfes on the pieces of ice that furrounded us, wehoifted out the boats, and difpatchcd them in purfuit of thofe animals. Our people had more fuccefs on this occafion, than they had on the 6th; for they returned with three large ones, and a young one, bcfidei havine killed or wounded fome others. They were witnefTes of feveral ftriking inftances of parental affedion in thefe animals. All of them, on the approach of the boats towards the ice, took their young ones under their fins, and attempted to efcape with them into the fea. Some, whofc cubs were killed or wounded, and left floating upon the furfacc of the water, rofe again, and carried them down, fometimes juft as our men were on the (wint of taking them into the boat; and could be traced bearing them to a con- fiderable diftance through the water, which uas llained with their blood. They were afterwards obfcrved bringing them, at intervals, above the furfacc, as if for air, and ^in plunging under it, with a horrid bel- lowing. The female, in particular, whofe young one had been killed, and taken into the boat, becumc i<} fu- rious, that fhc even ftruck her two tuflis through the bottom of the cutter. About eight o'clock in the evening, an eafterly breeze fprung up, with which wc coiuinued to ftcer to the foutnward ; and, at midnight, fell in with many cxtenfive bodies of ice. Wc at.* tempted to pufli through them under an e;tfy l^il^ that the Ihips might fuftain no damage; and vj^hcn W£ .had proceeded a little further towards tlve S. nothing wa& vifiblf! but a \ety large and cumpad mafs of ice, ex> tending ( in thc;j>rc- diftance froih feveip leagues; a much nar- Our latitude, longitu()e 192 e weather be- lofe to an ex- vas dircovercd s; united to- or parts, fome fpacei of the N. E. by N. dge of it, en. for the ftrone h numbers of ted with them vent the ftiips On the 9th, a )mpaniea with ftccred W. S. c as wc could J t-water againft (lieathing from our Hiips re- wcre attended , at noon, was .leg. 5 min. o the W. along ny opening, or profpcd tntrc- s to the iiorth- n Gierke ik tcr- iliKUtcr which «ns fonicwhat rthcr attempts nfcd to employ j.iyof St. Law- it; as it would fo near, in cafe af ice in thcfe ig another vilit liarly fincc the ajor Bchm. In m.idc fail to the wc paired con- rrfcd calm cn- SX dcg. I min. 'his morning wc i>n, there being :cc.s of ice that , and difpatchcd lur people had had on the 6th; a, and a young ■d fome others, rig indanccs of lII of them, on ice, took their npted to efcape cubs were killed : furfacc of the own, fometimes iking them into ; them to a con- hich was Itained wards obfcrved furfacc, as if for :h a horrid bcl- ihofc young one It, became fo fu- iks through the o'clock in the with which wc ul, at midnight, if ice, Wc at- an ^(y litilt that d V'hcn wc .had : S. nothing was- niafs of ice, ex« tending • Kfc... *.r.Sr*» ...-.;.. a^ti^i M f* M * ■^ §■•■ vt • i ! I 'fif , \9. '1 *■■ 'AX4,... COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, 6cc. 623 tending to the N. E. S. W. and S. E. as far as the eye could teach. This formidable obftacle prevented our vifitihg the Tfchutfkij for no fpact remained open, ex- cept back again to the northward. We therefore tacked, at three o'clock in the morning of the t ith, and ftooti to that quarter. The lat. at noon, was 67 dcg. 49 min. and the long. 1 88 deg. 47 min. On Monday, the 1 2th, we had light winds and hazy weather. On examining the current, we found it fee towards the N. W. at the rate of half a mile an hour. We continued our northerly courfe, with a breeze from the S. and fair weather, till lO o'clock in the morning of the 13th, when we again found ourfclvcs clofe in with a folid mafs of ice, to which we could perceive no limits from the maft-head. This was an eifcdlual difcouragemcnt to all our hopes of pe- netrating further; which had been greatly railed, by our having now advanced nlnioft 10 leagues, through a fpace, which, on the 9th, had been found to be occupied by impenetrable ice. Our fituation, at this time, was nearly in the middle of the channel, betwixt the two continents; our lat. was 69 deg. 37 min. and the main body of the ice extended from W. S. W. to E. N. E. In that part of the fca where wc now were, there was no probability of getting further to the north, Captain Gierke therefore determined to make a fuinl attempt on the coaft of Ameriia, for Baffin's Bay, fince we had found it pradicablc to advance the furthcft on this fide, in the preceding year. We accordmgly, during the re- mainder of the day, worked to the wmdvvard, with a frcfli breeze from the call. Wcobfervcd feveral fulmars, and ari^tic gulls, and pafTcd two trees, both of which feenied to have lain a long time in the water. The larger one was, in length, tenor eleven feet, and in cir- cumference, about three, without cither the bark or branches. We continued oiircdurfe to the eaflward on the 1 4th, with thick foggy weather. The next day, the wind blowing frcfli fron) the v bounds. At noun we found ourfclve in l.it.^18 deg. 5 ( min long. I, Ss deg. About tour in the afternoon, uc had a calm, ami the boat; were hoillid out in purfuit ol the fea-hoi (its, which appeared in prodij.;iiius numbers. Tenol them were killid by our pcojilc, .is manv as could be V. uie ule ol by us tor e.itmg, or to? conveiting into lamp. oil. We held on our idurfe with a louth-wellerly Winn, alcng the edge of the ice, till four in tlie morning ot tl, 1, when pcneiving a clear fea beyond it, to the loi. allward.we lleered to that point. During the remaining [)ait ot the day, we continued to run towards theS. I'., with noiie in light. At noon we obferveil in lat. 68 deg. 3S min. long. rS9 deg. 9 min. ami our liiundings were 30 t.i'homs. lor the remainder of the ilay, and till noon ol the 27th, wc flood backwarils and forwards, to clear oiu (lives of different pieces of ue. At two in the afternoon, we had fight of the continent to theS. by E, and, at four, having run, 1i:i -e noon, to the ■S. W . we were cnconipalled by loofe mn(rcs of ice, with the main body in view, (Iretching in the ilircition of N. by W. and S. by E. as far a^ the eye could reach, beyond which we defcricd the Aliatic coafl, bearing S. aiiil .S. by E, It being now necelliiry to come to fome determi- nation refpcCting the courfc we were next to (leer. Cap- tain Clerke ilifpatched a boat, with the carpenters, on boanithc Difcoccr' , to makccnijuirici into the particu- lars of the damage ihc had lately received. In the even- ing they returned, with the report of Captain (lOre, and ot the carpenters of both vellels, that the damages fuf- tained were fuch as would re^juirc three weeks to repair; and that it would be rciiuifite, for that purpofe, to make the bell of their way to tome jjort. Thus finding our far- ther progrefs to the N. as well as our nearer ajjproach to either continent, obllriKtcd by iinirtcnle bodies of icc. We coniidered it as not only injurious to the fervicc, by endangering the fatety of the Ihips, but likcwife fruit- lefs, with refpce't to the defignof^ our voy.igc, to make any farther attempts for the difiLovery of a pa(i'age. I'lus, iherefiirc, added to Captain (lore's reprefenta- tions, determined Captain Clerke to lofe no more time after what he concluded to be an uo.tttainabic objci'l, but to prcK'ced to the bay of Awatfka, to repair our da mages there, and belbre the winter Ihould let in, to take a furvey of the coall of Japan. It h impoliible tode- fcribe the joy that fparkled in the countenance of every individual, when the Captain's refolution was made known. All were completely weary of a navigation hill of danger, and in which the grcatcfl perfcverancc had not been rewarded with the fmalleft profpcdt of fucccfs. We therefore turned our thoughts towards home, after an abfence of three years, w ith a delight and fatisfaCtion, as fully enjoyed, as if w c had been already in fight of the Lands-end. On Wcdncfday, the 28th, wc worked to windward, with a frclh breeze from the b. E. being flill in COOK'S THIRD ami LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, fee. 0^5 in fight of the coaft of Alia. At four in the morn- ing, Cape Scnizc Kamcn bore S. S, W. dilhnt 7 Icaguej. On the 29th, the wind continuing unfavoui- »blc, we made but (lowprogrcfs to tl fouthward. Wc had no land in view till fcven in the evening of the ;pth, when the fog dif(3crling, wc faw Cape Prince of Wales hearings, by E. diftant iix Icaguesj and the illand of St. Uioniedc S. W. by W. We now ftood to the W. and at eight made the I'-laft Cape, which at midnight, was four iea(;uesdilbnt, bearing W. by N. On Satur- day, the jilV, at tour o'clock A. M. the l:A\ Cape bore N. N. E. and the N. E. part of the Bay of St. Law- rence, W. by S. dillant i j miles. At noon, wc ob- fcrved in l.ititudc (■''■, deg. 6 min. longitude i 89 drg. We had now palled Beering's Straits, and taken a final leave of the N. E. coal\ of Alia j anil here wc fliall llaic our leafons for adopting two general contlu- lions rclarir to in exteui, in oppolition to the I'enti- nicnts of Mr. Mullir. The full is, that the promon- tory, called Eall Cape, is aclually the moll ealk-rly point of that quarter ot the j'lBbc; or in other words, that no pan of that continent extends in longitude beyond 190 dig. 22 min. E. The fecond is, that the latitude of the north-eallernmoll extreme is fomewhat to the fouthward of "jOiUy.. N. V\'ith regard 10 the forniir, if fuch land really i xifl«, it mull certainly be to the N. of the 69th deg. oflatituJe, where the difioveries made in our prefciit vovage terminate. We propofe therefore in the firft place to invclligate the probable direction of the coall beyond this point. Now, RiilTia being the only nation, that has hitherto navigated this part of the ocean, all our inliirmation rcfpecting the pofition of the roall to the northward ot Cape North, 13 derived from the jouiivils and charts of the perfons who have been engaged, at ditVrrent times, in determining the bounds of that extenlive empiic, and thcfe are, 111 general, I'd (.onlined.rontradii tory, and imperl'cd, that we cannot ealily lorni adiltiiKt idea of their pretended, much lei's collect the particulars, of tlicir real diRoveries. On this account, the extent and figure of the pininfula, inluibited l)y ihc 'I'fchutlki Ibll remains a point, on which the Ruili.m (icoc.r.iphers are divided (rreatly in their opinions. Mr. Muller, in the m.ip which he publillied in 1 "54, fuppofcs that this country extends towards the N. !■'.. as far a., the latitude of 75 deg. and to the longitu.le ot 190 deg. I . of tirceiuvich; and that it ends in a round cape, which he dcnoiniiatcs rfchukotlkoi Nofs. To the S. ot tliK cape, the toad, a4 he imagines, forms a bay to the W. bounded in the latitude of 67 deg. 18 min. by Serd/.e Kamen, the moll northerly j»oint obferved by Beering in his expedition in I7:K. The mip publithed in 1776 by the academy of St. Peterlburg, gives a new form to the whole peninl'ula, pl.icing its north-eallcrn- iiioll extreme in the latitude of 73 deg. longitude 178 deg. }0 mill, and the moll eallerly point in latitude 65 deg. jO mill, longitude 189 deg. 30 min. .Ml the other maps we have feeii, both manufcript and printed, vary bet iveen thefe two, apparently more according to the fancy and con|eduresof the compiler, than on any grounds of more accurate intelligence. The only par- ticular in which there is a general coincidence, with very little variation, is the podtion of the Hift Cape, in the latitude of 66 deg. The form ot the coall both to the N. and S. of the E^ft Cape, in the map of the aca- demy, is extremely erroneous, and may be entirely dif- regarded. In Mr. Muller's map, the coall towards the N. has lome degree of retcmblance to our furvey, as far as the latter extends, except that he does not make it trend fullicientlyto the W. but makes it recede only about 5 deg. of longitude, between the latitude of 66 and 69 deg. whereas it actually recedes near ten. Be- tween the latitude of 69 and 74 deg. the coaft, accord- ing to him, bends round to the N. and N. E. and forms a large promontory. On what authority he grounds this rcprcfentation of the coall, comes next under oar contide ration. Mr. Coxe, whofr accurate refearches into this fub- jcift, give great weight to his fentituents, is of opinion, tlwt the extrcuiitv of the Nofs in qucftion, was never No. 76. paffcd except by Deftinelf and his party, who failed in the year 1648, from the river Kovyma, and are ima- gined to have got round it into the Anadyr. As the narrative of this expedition, the fubllanre of which has been ^'iven by Mr. Coxe, in his account of Kullian dif- coveiies, comprehends no geographical delineation of the coall along v» hich they failed, our conjeclures rclped- ing its pofition mull be derived from incidental cfr- cumftancea J and from thefe it evidently appear-', that the Tfchukotfkoi Nofs of Dellincrt', is, inrealit), the promontory named b) Captain Cook, the Eafl (i;a|x-. Speaking of the Nofs, he fays, that a pcrlon may fail from the illhirius to the Anadj r, with a lavourable wind, in three days and three nights. '1 his peleClly agrees with the fituation of the I'lall Cape, whii h is about 1 20 leagues from the mouth of 'he iiver Anadyr; and there being no other illhmus to the N. between that and the latitude of hi) dig. it fi-ems evident, that, by til s defcripiion, he certainly means either the Cape m c]iiellion, or fome other tituated to the S. of it. Heliiys, in another place, that, nppolite to the illhmiis, there arc two illaiuls in the f'ea, U|ion which we ob- ferved fbme of the Tfchutlki natiun, in w lule lips pieces of the teeth of the fea-horfe were lixed. This defcription coincides exaCfly with the twoillands that lie to the S. E. of the Eall Cape. We obferved, in- deed, no inhabitants upon them; but it is by no means improbable, that a party of Americans from the oppo- lite contincnr, whom this delcription fuits, might have been accidentally thereat that ' \\\c, and he might ealily midake them foratnbc of th> Tl'chutlki. Jlicfe two ciri iiuillances feem to us to he conclulive on the ]ioint of the '1 !■ hukiitlKoi Nofs, though there are others ot a more dubious nature from the fame authority, and which now remain to lie invefligated. Uefhnefl", in an(>ther account, lays, that in going from the Kovyma to the ,Anad\r, a great promontory which projecls very tar into the fea, mull be doubled; and that this cape extends between N. and N. E. It was, perhaps, from thefe exprefllons, that Muller was induced to re- prefent the country of the Tfchutlki, in the form wc find in hi map; but, if he had been acquainted with the pofition of the Eall Cape, as determined by Cap- tain Cook, anil the llriking agreement between that and the prom mioiy or illhmus, (f )r it mull be remarked, that Dellinell llill aj)[iears to be fpeaking of the lame thing) in the cirnimflnnces above-mentioned, we arc confident that he would not have thought thofe ex- prellions of fulhcicnt weight to authorife his extending; the north eaflern extreme of Alia, either f'o far to the N. or E. I'or thefe words of Defhnetl' may be recon- ciled with the opinion wc have adopted, if we fuppole that navigator to have taken thefe bearings lro;n the fmall bight lying to the W. of the cape. The next au- thority, on which .Muller has proceeded, feems to have becnthe depolition of the ColTac PopotF, taken at the .\nadirfkoi ollrog, in 1711. This Colfac was fen t by land, in company with fcveral others, to demand tri- bute from the independent Tfchutlki tribes, who inha- bited the parts about the Nofs. The firft ciicumllance, in the narrative of this journey, that can tend to lead to the lituation of Tfchukotlkoi Nofs, is its dillance from -Anadirfk; and this is reprcfentcd as a journey of ten weeks, with loaded rein-deer; for which rcaton, it is added, their day's journey was very inconliderable. We cannot, iideed, conclude much t'rom fo vague an account, but .is the dillance between the iiifl Ca; arnl the Ollrog, exceeds 200 leagues in a direct line, and confequently may be fuppofed to allow 12 or 14 miles ad,iy, its lituation i« not incompatible with Popotf's calculation. Another circumllance Hated in this de- polition is, that their route lay at the foot of a rock, named Matkol, (ituate at the bottom of a fpacious gulph. This gulph Muller conjedurcs to be the bay he had laid down between the latitudes of 66 deg. and 72 deg. and he accordingly places the rock Matkol in the center of it; but it appears to be more probable, that it might be a part of the Gulph of Anadyr, which they would doubtlefs touch upon in their journey from I the Oftrog to the Eaft Cape. What fecms, however, to 7 1' put Cz() Cipt. C () () K 's V O Y A G K S C () M P L E T K. put this point bcyonil all ililputc, ami to prove that the Cape which P()^)(>lV vilitcil cannot be to the northward of the latitude of 69 ilcg. is that part ot hinlcpolitiDn which relates to an illaml lyinp; oil the NoN, fioiu whence the oppofite continent ini^ht he ililicnuii. For, as the two continents, in latitmle '><) dej^. ilivergc fo fir as to be upwards ot" 1 00 leagues dillant, it is cer- tainly very improhablc, iljat the coad of Alia flumld aj^ain trend in inch a manner to the K. as toionie al- nioft within li);lu of the Anierican coall. If thele ar- guments are allowed to be couclulive aijiitnll the form and extent of the peninfiila of the Tfc hut Ik i, it nuiU be evident that the Kail Cape i> the 'I'fi hukoilkoi of tlie earlier Kulllan na\ ij^ators: \\e lav eailier, becaule lieerin^, and, after 111 111, tiie late Kulliaii j;eographer-i, have alfixed ihi'i .ippelhiticn to the S. 1'.. lapi ot the pe- ninfiila of the I'lc hiitlUi, which «a> luiiiierlv dillin- guillied by the iniiie of the Xnadiilkoi N()l>. and, ronfequeniiy, hein e it will I'ojlow, iluit the undelcribed (.o.ill, extendiii^r fioin the l.iiiuiiie of «u) deg to the mouth of the Ki)v)ma, mult trend moie or lefs in- wards the W. As an ailditional picol of thl^, wc may obl'ervc, that the TfthotlKoi Nofs is ( onlhmth laid do«n as di\idini;the lea uf Kosyma from that ol Anadw, which we think could not polliblv be, if any Iaii;e cape had projeckd to theN. I'., in tlu more ad- vaiv eil Lititudc*. Another i|uellion arillnfr on tlii< (iiiint i>, to what decree of northern latitmle this coalt extends, belorc it inclines more iinmedi.itely to the \V. If the po (ition of the mouth of the km) UKi, both with lej^aiii to its laiitude Mv\ longitude, were alcertained accurately. It miglit perhaps be laf; to form a plaufible conjecture on till . 1,1 :id. C.iptain Cook was alwa\5 llronglv in- duced to believe, that the northern coall uf Atla. Irom the Indigirka e.iHwanl, has hitherto been ufually laid down alune two degrees to the northward of it-, true lituation : and he has thcrelbre, on the authority of a niap that was ..1 his poirellum, and on the intelligence vhich he recrivcd at Oonalallika, placeil the mouth of the Kovyma, in his chart of the N. \\. (oall of Alia, and the N. \V. coall of America, in the latituile of 68 dtg. Should tlie Captain be right in this conjecture, it is probable, for the reafons we have already dated, that the coall of Alia does not, in any part, exceed 70 dcg. before it trends towards the W. and confeiiuently, that we Were within oii« degree of its north-eallern ex- tremity, lor if the continent be imagined to extend any where to the north olijhelatlkoi N'ol'i.it tan Icarcely be fuppofcd that fuch an interclling circuniltant e would have l">cen omitted by the Kullian n:ivigators, who mention no remarkable promontory between the Anadyr and the kowma, except the l'.alt Cape. Ano- ther particular, whuh Dellinelf relates, may, pert'i|5s, be deemed a farther connrmation of this opinion, namely, thai he met with no oblhinltion fnan ice in failing round the north-e.illein extiemity of Alia; though he adds, that this lea is not, at all times, fo tree from it ; as indecii appears evidently fioin hi> not fuc- cceding in his fnd expedition, and, liiue that, tiom thefailuieof iShalaurotf, as well as fiom the mtcirup- lionsand impciliment* wemtt with, in twofuinHive years, in our prefent voyage. 'I'liat |)aii of the con- rineiu between Cape North, and the moutJi ot the Ko- vvma, is 125 leagues in loiigiiinlinal extent. .About a third of this diftance from the Ko\yina, eadwaid, was exulored in I7i;(, by I'cdoi .\mollol1, a Smboiai- (koi of Jakuts, who inloriiied Mr. Mulltr, that its direction was eaflerly. Since that time, it has been fur- \e\eil, with foiiic degree of accurace, by .Shalaiiroil, whole (hart makes it trend to the N. 1-'.. by 1*!. as tar as >helailkoi Nofs, which he places at the dillance of about 4 J leagues to the E. of the Kovyma. The ("pace, ■linetore, between this Noli and Cape North, upwards ot bo leagues, n the only part of the Ruirian dominions now rciiiaining unexplored. If the Kovyma, how- . eer, be erroneoully laid down, in point of longitude ns well a.s latitude (a fu|)polition by no means imjiroba- blc-^'thc c.xtentof the unexplored coall will diminilh in iV^-KS" «■ ■ . 1 T pioportion. The icafons which incline uh to imagine, that in the Rulfian i hnrts, the mouth of the ii\cr 11 plaied conliilcrablv too tar to the VV, are the follow- ing. I'irH, bec.iiife ilie aei mints that have I ecu given ol the navigation of the lio/.en (,)cran, from that ri- ver, roiinti the north-entlcrn extreme of Alia, to tl c (Mill of Anailyr, do not agree with the fupjxifed dillam c between thofe places. Secondly, becaule the liillanco Irom the Anadvr to the Ko\ynia, o\c- land, is Kprc- leiiteii by former Kullian travellers as n ,uirneyot no very gieat length, and ealilv (lertormcd. 'li,>'il\, be- fall fe the coalHiom the Shelatlkoi Nofs ot Shalai.. -if appears to trend ilirectiv S. \i. towani.i the Cape. If this be reall) the cafe, it mav be intciicd, th.it, as wo were, in all pinb.ihility, not mote than one decree to the loiithw.inl ot Slul.iitkni Nof-,, oiilj Oo mllis ot tl.c (o.ill of Alia aieunalceiiaincd. Wc.ireot <'|)ini(iii, thinking it higliK prol-.iMe, thar a N. W. pall.ij:e Ikhii ilx .'Xtlanti, imo liie Pai ilic Oieaii, due-. 1101 ivill lu the fouthward ot the ;''th ilei'. of l.iiiiiide. It iherei'ire a pilljge realiv eNills, It mull c( it.uiiK liriithcr tluoiigh li.ill'.n's bav, or In the N. Ill dreenland, in the wdlern l.emiipherc ; or in the* e.iltciii, through the 1 ro/.en Sea, to the N. ol Silietm ; aiiil on whiih ever lido it is tituated, ihe niM'Mfor mull ii.ifs iliiough ihe lliaits didinguilhed by the name (>t I5eniMg'^ Stiaiis. 'Ihe impr.iJicahiliiv of pene- '.i.iiiii;.; iiui) tlie Atl.iMiic (). e.iil. on either lide, through tliefe Strait^ is ilu u Nire, all thar now u in.nns to he otli'ied to the reader's coiilideiaiion. ILicwemufl previoully obl'erve, that the fea to tlie noithward of Itecring's Straits, was found by us to be more free from it e in Augiill than in Jiils, and perhaps in tome |iaft of September it may be lliil more de.irol it. IJiit, alter the autumnal ei|iiinox, the length of the days di- minithes fo fall, that no farther thaw tan be expected ; and we cannot reafonably attribute fo great an elfect t() the warm weather in the full fortnight of the mouth i\i' September,as to imagine it capable of difperling iheiic from the mod northern pans of the coall of .America. .Ailmittingthis, however, to lie potlitile, it mull at lead be allowed, that it woulil be highly abfurd to aiteinpt n> avoid the icy cape, by running to the known pans of B.itlin's Hay, (a ditlanceof 4:0 leagues, or i:^j miles) in fo lliort a fpace of time as that paflage can be fuj)- polVil to remain open. On the fide of Alia there a[)- pears dill Ids probability of liiccefs, not only Irom what came to our knowledge, relative to the ll.ite ol the fea to the fouthward of Cape North, but likewife from what we have gathered tiom the experience of the lieutenants under the direction of Ikering, and the lournal ot Shalaiirod", refpecting that on the N. of Siberia. Rut, the pollibility of failing roin'.vi the north -caflern extremity of .Mia, is undoubtedl) proved by the voyage of Dclhnctr, it its truth be almitted; \et when we rellecl, that lincc the time 01 tl.it navi- gator, near a century and a half has tiapleil, iliiring whieh, in an age of curiolit) and cnterpri/.e, no perlon has yet been able to follow him, we can eiuerrain nu verv great expectations of the public benefits to be de- n\(d liom it. 15ut even on the fu|)poiition, that, in fome remarkably favourable fealon, a vellel Tniglit find a clear pall'age loiind the coall of Siberia, anil ariivc lalcly at the mouth of the Lena, dill there remains the Cape of Tainuira, extending to tlu ySthilcg. ol latitmle, which no navigator has hithctto had the good tiirtune to double. .Some, however, contend, that there arc dronj.; reafon- for believing, that the nearer approach we iii.ike to the pole, the iia is more char of ice. and that what malFes we obferved in the lower latitudes, had oiiginally been I'ormed in tl«: great rivers of Si- beria and .America, by the breaking up of which the intermediate fea had been fill-d. But even if that fuppolition be true, it li no lefs certain, that there can benoaccefsto thofe open feas, unlcfs this proiiigiotis maf'. of ice fliould be fo far diflblved in the liimjiicr, as to admit of a fliip's making her way through it. If this be a real fad, we made choice of an improper time of the year for attempting todifcover this paffage, which ■*,. .« ' Jiae.^- COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOVACJK— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. Ui^ iiH to ima^^iiu-, i)t ihc lUer ii arc the follow - ;ivc I cin nivcn , from that ri- it Alia, to tl c niofiil liill.ini c li' tlic iliH.iiicc and, is ivprc- ,>urncv(it no ■ ■|i,.-'Uv,1k- sot Slmliu.. -iV , the I'apc. If III, that, as WL" one tiiunc to bo mills of tl.c , prolaMc, thar iKo the I'iu ilir it iIk' >''th dci'. V I \ilK, It niiill •, iir l\\ the N. ^.ere ; oi in tiu* N. ol >>ilvl.ia ; , ihe n.iw;'aror nil liv the name liility of pcni- ir liiie, ihi()ii(;h , n mams to lie II. I c «e nuid e noithwaril of ; more lice Iroiii ps in foiiie part lear of it. IJut, of the days di- an be f xpicfed ; ;i«-ac an etfecl ti» (if the month ixl" lifpcrlint; thciic ill of AuKiiia. , It \\\\\\\ at kail lid to attellip! to kno^vn parti nl , or I :^.> miles) ii^e can be fup- )f Mb there ap- I only from what L- Hate of the fea t likcwife frinn yperienie ot the leerin;.^ and the It on the N. of ilin;; roui'.ii the louhttiil) prosed th he admitted; no Ol tl.it naM- tlapled, ilunnj.^ rpn/c, no perfon ran entertain ni> benefits to be de- molition, that, in vellel might find ibena, and arrive there remains the h dej^. ot latitude, the j/ood fortune d, that there arc nearer approai:K • tliar of ite, and :• lower latitudes, ;rcat rivers of Sl- op of which the But even if that tin, tliat there can fs this prodij^ioiis d in the fumiiier, ay through it. If l:c of an improper [cover this palfage, which which fliould have lieen explored in the months of Airril and May, belore the rivers were broken up. But fevcral realbns maybe alledjieil a^ainlJ fuch a fiip()o- (ition. Our experience at IVtiopaulowlka, ^avc uuan opportunity of judfring what mi^;ht be ixpefled t'ar- ther northward; and upon that f^\f id, we had fome realon to entertain a doubr, whethi .,e two continents niif^ht noi, iluring the winter, be even joined by the icci and this coincided with the arcoiint* we rcceivetl in Kamtfihatka, that, on the load of Siberia, the inha- bitants, in winter, go out from the Ihnic upon the ice, todilfances thatexceod the breadth of the lea, in foTlie parts, from one continent to the other. 'I'hc tollowinn remarkable p.lrticular is mentioned in the depolition nbove reli rred to. Speaking; ol the land feen I'rom the 'I'chutlki Nols, it is laid, that, durinir the fiimmer, thev fill in one (lav to the land in baidares, a kind of vellVI filmed of whale. bone, and co\ered with the (kin» ot feals; and, in the winter, as tiiey gofwitt with rein-dn r, the jouriu) Ilia) be performed in a day. MiilUr's ac- count ol one ol the c Jipeditions, undertaken for the purpofe of dilioverin}ia I'lippofed Miami in the I'ro/en Sea.is llill more remaikable, Ills nairative is to the follow ir.;; purport. In I 714a new exptdition was pre- pared from jikiit/,k, under the conduct of Alixei Klarkoir, who was to fet fill from the mouth of the Janaj and it the Si hitiki were not well adapted lor fea vova^^es, he was to build, at a convenient place, proper vellils lor profei iitiiig thedid cveiics w ithoiit any gieat rilliuc. Upon his ariival at Ull-iaiilkne Siiiio\ie, the port where he was to embark, he dilpatched an account, tlated the 5nd of I'ebriiarv 171^, to the Chancery of Jakutfk, intimatinp, that it was impiai'tii able to navi- gate the fea, as it was conllaiitly fro/en both in wiiucj- and fummer; and that, t()nlei|iieiitl), the expedition roiilil only be profecuted in lledj;es ilrawn by dogs. He accordingly let out in this manner, accompanied •with nine perlims the loth of Man h, in the fame >car, and returned to Un-janl^oeSiiiuivie on the {dot the fucieeding month. The a' count of his jouineyisas follo^vs: that for the fpate of ^k\i:\\ days, he travelleil •with as much expedition as his dogs could draw, (uhich in [;ood tracks •"""' favourable weather, is from 8oto I03 werllsadav) to the northwarvl, upon the ice, without obferving all/ illand; that he was prevented tnim proceeding farther by the ice, which rofe like iMount.Ains in that p,Art of the fea: that he had afi e iiiled li)nicof thefe, wheiu c he could fee to a gnat dillaiue mound him, but could dilcerii no land: aiAvl that, ar length, proMllons tor his dogs being deficient, man\ ot them died, which reduced him to tlic necelFiiy of re- turning. Ik tides thcabttve-mentioneil arguments, which pro- ceed upon an admiirionof the hvpothelis, that the ice in tliis ocean comes tnim the rlvcl,^, others may be ad- .duced, which allord good realon lor fiifpecting the truth of the hypnthelis i'felf. Captain Cook, whole opinion, with regard to the fornuuion ot ice, had ori- ginally coincided with that of the theorilts we arc now endeavouring to confute, found fullicient grounds, in the prefent voyage, for changing his fentiments. \Ve obferved, that the coaft.s of both continents were low ; that the depth of water gradually decrcafcd towards them, and that a flrikio;; refeiiiblance prevailed between the two; froii'\ which circumlhinccs, as well as tVom the dcfcripiion given by Mr. Hearne of the copjier- nvjne river, wc have room for coniccturing, that, what- ever rivers may dilVhargc then»relvcs into the I'"ro-/.en Ocean, Irom the continent of America, arc of a llmi- lar nature with thofe on the .Miatic fide; which arc faid to be fo lliallow at their entrance, as to admit only Tcllcls of inconlidcrablc magnitude; whereas the ice feen by us, riles above the level of the fea, to a height that equals the depth of thofe rivers ; fo that its entire altitude imift be, at Icaff, ten times greater. Another circumftancc will naturally oiler itfelf in this place to our conlideration, which feems to be very incompati- ble with the opinion of thofe who fuppofe that land is neccirary for the formation of ice, we mean the dif- ferent Hate of the lea about Spitibcigen, and of that which is to the northward of Ikering's Struts. It is ini uinbent on thofe objectors to explain how it hapocns, that in the (brmcr i|uarter, and in the ncighbotiriK od of much known land, navigators annunlly penetrate to near Ho deg. of northern latitude; whereas, on the other tide, no voyager has been able to proceed with his iitmoll etforts beyond the 71 tl litk hiil, liilhwl lx)pi\ of jiro-iryv — llis itr.iib. .iiri piihlu hrvurs — 'TLu- lujijliilinn ,i)id D.'f.firtr irliirn fo St. Prier oiiit St. l\iu! — Pi'imolinns .imimt^ ihr 'i{li(n:', in — liimr.il of dipl.tni C.!rrkr, ,uul tbr /'I'lunt/irs iUtfmiiii;^ 1/ — fnfniptinns to bi< mnn'iiy — I jllofcd to be the lllcot St. l„i«ience; tl.i e.incrmiioll v\c iailed dole In in Scptembci, the preceding yc.u', .mil this we denominated L'lerke'.-. lllanii, and fniiiul it tom- poftd of a number ot lofty cliHs.conncclcd by vciy low l.uiil. Though ihofe clitVs were mitlaken by us, lall year, lor feparate illands, till we made a very near approach to the Ihoie, we are llill inclined to conjecluic, that the ille of St. Lawrence is dillinct from Clerke's Illand, as there appeared between them a conliderable fpacc, w here we did not obferve the lead ap[)earance of riling ground. Ill the afternoon, wc likcwile faw what had the appear- ance of a fmall illand, to the N. L of the land th.it wc had feen at noon, and which, from the thicknels ot the weather, we had only light of once. We fucpofcd its dillancc to be 19 leagues from the illand of St. Law- rence, in the direction of N. l-'.. by K. half K. On the •^d, wc had light variable winds, and llccred round the N. W. point of the Ifle of St. Law rcnce. In the after- noon, a trelli breeze rUing from the K. wc lleered to the is. S. W. ami quickly loft light of St. Law rcnce. On Sa- turday, the 7th, '.c noon, wc obfcrvcd in lat. 54 deg. (8 min. long. i8j deg. At four o'clock, haying a dead c.\lm,part of the companies of both fliips « ere employed in filiung, and caught a number of tine large c)f (iood Providence, and as^bon as the bree/c fpning tip, w c made fail, and flood to S. W. but wc were forced more to the callward than we wilhcd, ic being uur in- trntion ti) m.ikc Bcering's Illand. On Turfday, the 1 Jth, yyy uiu, b\ ohfcrvation, in lat. 56 dcg. {7 min. 1 ridav, the 1 t'h. when, after a few hours continuance of rain, eaily in the morning, it blew fioiii the L. and became a ihniifv gale. Wc made the moll ot it, by Handing towards the W. with all the fail wc could lairv. Oh the :oth, the wind va- rying to t'.ic S. W. we llccred a W. N. W. courlc. .\t noon, we obfcrvcd in lat. ; ) dcg. 7 min, long. 16: deg. 49 min. On Saturday, the : ill, between five and fix o'clock, \. M. wedcliricd a very lofty peaked moun- tain, on th -coall of Kamifchatk.i, known liy the name of Chep(H)n'koi mountain, bearing N. W. by N. and dillant near jc le;>-.ic.v At noon, the coall was ob- fcrvcd to extend from N. by Iv to W. with a very great hazinefs ii^Kin it and diflant aliout 1: Iconics, On Sunday th 2:nil, at nine o'clock, ,'\. M. a Iwat was feiu off to tl • Dilioverv, to announce to Captain Gore, the death ot our Commodore, Captain Charles Clerkc, who paid the debt of nature when in the j8th ycarot his age. Mis death was occalioncd by a con- fumpiion, which had manifellly commenced before his departure ftom England, and ol which he had lin- gered during the whole continuance of the vovagc. His COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYA'IF.— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 629 His very gradual decay had for a Iodr time rcndc-rcd him a melancholy objcdl to his friends j but the (irni- ncfg and equanimity with which be bore the (low, ip- pmachcs o( death, the cnnllant flowof ^ood fpirits w hiih he retained even to the laft hour, and a chcartul rclig- nation to the decree of heaven, furnillied them with feme confolaiion. It was impoinblc not to feci an un- common dc(;rt'e of companion for a j^cntlcinan. who had experienced a feries of thofc dilliculties and hard- (liips, which mull be the inevitable lor ot every fea- man, and under which heat lall funk. He was bred to the navy fiom his youth, and had been in many en- gagements during the war which conunenced in 1756. In the aiflion between the Ikllona and L'ourageux, he was Ibtioned in the mizcn-top, and was carried over- board with the marti but was taken up, witliout having received the lead injiuy. He was inidlliipman on board the Dolphin, comm;indcd by (loniniodore liy- ron, when (lie lirrt failed round the world; and was af- terwards on the American (latioii. In the \i-ir i7f'K, he engapcd in a fecond voyage loiuui the uoiM, in tiic lituatton of mafler's ina.e of the KiuUavour; and, riurmg that extudition, fucceedcd to a lit utenam y. In the Kefolutiof. he made a third voyage round the world, in the capacity of fecorwl lieutenant : and, in :i fiort time a(ter his return, he was appointed iimIUt an i commander. In the prefcnt exptdition, he \^a^ appointed Captain of the Difcovery.and to.-i • impany Captain Cook. I3v the cUamitous death ot ,' clatter, he fuccieded of coiirfe, as «e have already related, to the chief command. It would (avour of injidtue and ingiatitudr, not to mention, that, during the lliort time he was Comir.oJorc, we always obferved him to he re- markably zealous (or the luccefs of the expidition. When the principal coininand tlevolved upon him, his heiilth began r.ipuliy to (he hue ; and lie was unequal, in every relpei!!, to encounter the (cveriiy of a high nor- thern climate. The vigour of his mind, however, was not, in the leail, impaired by the ilci ay of Ins body: and though he was pertecily fenfihlc, that his delavuig to return to a warmer region, was liepriving himd.)! of the only chance ot recovery; yet, fo attenti\e was he to his duty, that he was determined not to fiilVer his own lituaiion to bias his judgment to the prejudice ot the fervice: he therefore perievercd in the fea re h of a padagc, till evciy otiiccr in both tbips, declared they were of opinion it was inipiaCtic able, and that any far- ther attempts would be ei|ually ha/.ardous and incH'ec- tual. The melTcngcr who was fent to the Difcovery with the melancholy .new.sofourCommodoic'stieath, brought a lei'cr from (.Japtain (iorc, coma. mug an order lor Ca[naii) King to exert hi.-, utmolt ciuk.uours to keep in (diiipanv uith the Difcusei), : :u1, if a feparation lluuild happen, to repair as loon .i> (Hjililile.to St. I'etcr aiiil S;. I'.iiil. At noon, wc «cie by olilervation m lat. <;■< dcg. H mm. long, ii-odcg. 40111111. !■'. Cheepoon- fkoi Ni'la bearing \V. On the 2 \u\, we (leered tor the cntr.iitcc of ;\w,itll<.i Bay, which we law in the cvcn- utg, at thcdilhini c of 5 leagues. At eight o'clock, the light houle, which now tunullKd a good light, bore VV, K. by \V. 3 miles dillant. It was now a pcrtecl calm, but, the tide being ;;'voui.ibIc, our boats were lent a-luaJ, which towed us beyond the narrow parts of the mouth of the harbour. On the 24th, at one o'clock A. M. wc dropped anchor, the ebb tide fctting againll us. At nine, wc weighed, ami before three 1'. M. w.c anchored in the harbour of St. Fctcr and St. Paul : having up our cnlign half (lalf, a* the Ivnly of our late Captain was it» the veflel; and tlu- Difcovery tollowed us in a very (hort time. Both {\\\pi were moored in four fathoms water, nuiikly bottom. I'fom the time we had fct ("ail out of this bay, iillilic picfeijt time of our return, we had been in no harbour !o relit, and had been driven from illand to illand, ,uul ti o;ii one continent to the other, till our (liips had in a manner loll their llicathing, antl were otherwife in a miferablc condi- tion; wc therefore thought ourle'ves exceeding happy in arriving at port. Soon after we luid anchored, wc were vilited by our old friend the Serjeant, ilill the coin- No. 77. manding olliccr, who brought with him a pn fent of berries, intended for our late Commodore. I !e was much alfeded at hearing of his death, and feeing the codin that contained his remain.?. As the do eafed had particularly rcqneded to be buried on (hori, and gave the prefeierrcc to the church at I'aratoiinca, wc con- fiilted the Serjeant about the nccclfary flcps to be taken on this occadon, who referred us to the pried, as being the perfon bed qiialided to give us infoimation on this (ubjeiit. .\t the fame time he lignificd his intention of fending an expiefs to the Commander of Bolchercifk, with an account of our arrival; when Commodore Gore begged to avail himfelf of that opjiortuniry of conveying a letter to him, wherein he requedcd that 1 6 head oi black cattle might be (ent with all podlble difpatch. At this time, we received intelligence of Sopofnicolf's arrival from Oonaladika, who took charge of the pacquct fent by Captain Cook to the Admiralty, and which we had the pleafure to iind, had been for- warded. Wednefday, the 25th, in the morning. Captain Gore, in '■onfequcnce of the death of our late Com!:""* ,re, made out the new comniillions He himfelf fucceedcd to the chief command in the Ke(()lution; and our lieutenant, Mr. King, was appointed Captain of the Difcovery. Mr. I.anyan, mailer's marc ot the Kefo- lution, ;md w ho had been in that capacity, in a former vovage, on hoard the Adventure, was appointed to the vacant lieutenancy. In conlequence ot tliefc airaugc- ments, the foiloMin^ promotions took place. Lieute- nants liurnry and Rickman (tr.im the Difeo'.rry) were api!j)intcd dr(l jnd lecond lieutenants ot the Rcfolution; and lieutcn-int Williamfon tird lieutenant of the Dif- covery. Captain King, by the perinifTionof the t^om- modorc, took in four middupmen, who had rendered ■ thciiili Ives life, ul to him in ailronon-.ical calculations ; and whole aflidante was become the more neccllary, as we had not an ephemeris for the prefcnt year. And that adronomiial ohfervations niight not he nrglectcil to be made in either (hip, Mr. Bayly took Captain King's place in the Rcfolution, for thefe purjjofes. I'hn day we were attended by the I'opc Roinanoff W relha- gen, the worthy pried of I'aratounca. II15 expref- dons of forrow tor the death ol Captain Clerkc did ho- nour to his feelings; but the good old gentleman, though much concerned, llartctl leveral iliflicultics, and appeared rather unwilling to comply with the reqiielt o*" the dcceafed. He urged, among other oh]cClions, that the Church wasfoon to Ix* pulled down ; that e\ery winter it was three feet tleep in water; and that in a few years no vcMlige of it would remain, as the new cliuiih w.is to be erctted near the Odrog of Awailka, upon a drier an 1 more convenient (poi. He there(ore adviled, that the remains ot our late Comi)io,lore (iiould he dcpolitcd at the foot of a tree, the fcitc of which w.istobe included intheboely of the new church, where the boties of the C.iptain might probably reft tor ages undidurbetl: however, he liibmiiti.d the choice of either place entirely to Captain Gore. Thcle rt-a- (bns, whether real or dClitious, the odicers who haii charge ot the funeral could not difprove, and there- fore fomc of our people had orders to dig the grave where the pried lliould dirccf. The Difcovery having lud'ercd great injury from the ice, efpecially on the i^d of July, and continued ex- ceeiling leaky ever dnce, it was apprehended that fomj of her till. hers might have darted ; our carpen;ers were therefore h nt to adid ihof<" ot' the Ddcovery m repair- ing her. 'fo acconunodate th'.ie who were to be em- ployed on lliore, a tent was creeled, and a party waj fent into the country, north of the harbour, to fell tim- ber. The obfervatories were jiaceil at the well end of the village, near which was erected a tent, as an abode for the Commodore and Captain King. When the carpenters began to rip the damaged Ihcathing from the larboard how, it was difcovcred, that three feet of the third drake were daved, and the timbers darted: anil as they pioceeded, the decayed ll.ite of the fliip's hull became moie and more apparent. The (cafon be- ing now far advanced, C.iptain King was unwilling that 7 U tnv m ifii I (,: 630 Capt. COOK '8 VOYACJfiS COMPL E T K.H^H)'J any hindrance or delay fliould happen thnnigh him, to Captain Gore's farther views of difcovcry, and there- fore ordered the carpenters to rip off no innrc of the flieachinp, than lliould be abfolutely nccclFary for re- pairing the damages occafioned by the ice. He was apprehenfive of their meeting with more decayed planks, which he thought had better remain in that (late, than have their places fiipphed with g.ecn birch, even fup- pofinj; it could be procured. All hands were now fully cniploved in their fcparatc departments, that we might be pcrfciflly ready for fea, by the time the carpenters had completed their bufmcis. Four men were fet apart to haul the fcinc for fatmon, which were caught in immcnfe quantities, and wc found them of moll ex- cellent quality. After the wants of both fliips were fulVicicntly fupplied, wc daily faltcd down almoll a hoglhead. We had four invalids, who were employed in gathering greens, and cooking for thofe who were afliore. We alfo landed our powder, in order to have it dried; and the blubber of the fea horfcs, with which both fliips had completely furniflicd themfehes, in our palTage to the north, was now boiled dow n for oil, and was become a very necelfary article, having long lincc expended all our candles. The cooper w as alfo employed in his department, IJoih fhips compa- nies were thus engaged till Saturday, the 2Sth, in the afternoon, which was allowed to every man (except the carpenters) to wafli their linen, and get their clothes in tolerablcorder, that on Sunday they might make a de- cent appearance. On Sunday, the 29th, wc perfonned the laft aflecl- ing offices at the interment of Captain Clerke, our late much refpedcd Commodore; and to make the funeral the more folemn, every officer was delired to appear in his uniform; the marines were ordered to be drawn up under arms; and the common men to be drefl'cd as nearly alike as pofTible, in order to attend the corpfe from the water-fide to the grave. All the Ruffians in the gariifr)n aifembled on the octafion, atrillingrefptfl- f'ully in the folemnity, and the worthy pallor of Fara- tounca joined in the procellion, walking with the gen- tleman who read the fervicc. 1 he fliips, at the lame time fired minute guns, and the drums, mutHed as iifual, beat the dead march. When the corpfe arrived at the grave, it was de^wfited under a triple difcharge of three vollies, fired by the marines, which concluded the burial fervicc. When the grave was covered. It was thought proper to fence it in by piles driven deep in the grounil. and afterwards to fill up the fpac c in- clofed with Hones and earth, to prefervc the body from being devoured in the winter by bears, or other wild beafls, who are remarkable for their fagaeity in fcent- ing out the bodies of dead paflengeia, when any hap- pen to perifli, and are buried near the roads. This mournfiil ceremony being over, an efcutcheon was reparcd, and neatly painted by the ingenious Mr. rVebber, with the Captain's coat of arms projieily em- blazoned, and placed in the church of Paraiounca. Underneath the efcutcheon was the following inliLrip- tion. There lies interred at the foot of a tree, near the Oflrog of St. I'etcrand .St. Paul, I'hc Body of CHARLES C L K H K E, I':fquirc, Commamlerof his Britannic Majelly's Ships, the Refolution and Difcovcry ; To which he fucceeded on the Death of JAMES COOK, Kfquire, Who was killed by the natives of an Ifland wc clifcovered in the South Sea, after having ex- plored the Coall of America, from 42 dcg. 27 niin. to 7odeg. 4omin. 57 fee. N. in fearch of a N. \V. palPage from EUROPE to the EAST-INDIE.S. The Second Attempt being made by Captain Clerke, who failed within lome few Ixragiies of Captain Cook; but w.is brought up by a foliil Iwdy of Ice, which he found from ihc .America to the Mia fliore, X^ and almofl trended due EaA nndi il.'. ^( sii^! -I. ... .Welt— He died at Sea^ •.,,„,,;,,, i3)i.,(i , • .'•, 'r- r- on his return to the .,,-;\ /•.„| |( jj„ •' •;.. -'t -11 nj" Southward, on the; -orh jkVw .•>v-'>'' , ■ .'• 'i-'J . : 22nd Day of • •(iiiii i,>vi'.r>-i !:> 1 ;..:::ri.-:;' Auguft,i779, '■■hhUA vm\\1;'; ■ - ' ■ Aged 38 Years. ; f •. ■• • Another infcription was affixed to the tree under which he was interred. This tree Hands on a little eminence, in the valley, north of the harbour, (and at fome dilhnce from the town), where the flore-houfes and hofpital are lituatcd, and round which feveral Ruf- fian gentlemen had been buried; but none fohigh ujwn the eminence as the fpot pointed out for the grave of Captain C'lerkc, and which Captain Gore fupjwfcd to Ik" fuch a fiiuation, as wasmnffconfonant to the willies of the decealed. The infcription at this place was nearly the fanicasthat in the Church, and ib as follows. Beneath this tree lies the Body of Captain CHARLES CLLRKE, Efquirc, Commander of His Britannic Majelly's Ships, the Refolution and Difcovcry: Which Command he fucceeilcd to, on the i^th of February, 1779, on the Death of Captain JAMES COOK, Who was killed by the Natives of fomc Idands he difcovered in the South .^ Sea. on the Date above. CAPTAIN CLERKE Died at Sea, of a lingering Illnefs, on the 22nd Day of Augufl, 1779, In the -^fith Year of his Age: And was Interred on Sunday, the 29th following. On this oocafion the crews of both fliips were fuf- fered to continue on ftiore, and to divert themfclvcs, each as he liked belt. It was Captain Clerke's delirc that they fliould have double allowance tor three days fiirceflivelv, and all that while to bcexcufed from every other duty, than what the ordinary attendance in the fliips required ; but the feafon being far advanced', and a long track of unknown fea to traverfc before they could reach China, theofficers reprcfentingthehardftiips and inconveniences that fo much loft time might bring upon themfclves, they very readily gave up that part of the Captain's rcqucli, and returned to their reff/c<;^ivc duties early the next day. Accordingly, on Monday the ^oth, the feveral parties reaffiimed their allottetl em- ployments; and on the 2nd of September, the carpen- ters proceeded to rip off fuch of the fbeathing as had been iniiired by the ice, from the flarboard-fide ; hav- ing firfl fhifted the damaged plankv, and repaired and caulked the fheathing of the larl)oard-b<5w. Four feet of the plank were difcovered in the third tlrakc under the wale, fo much fh.ikcn as to rciiuire to be replaced ; which was accordingly done ; and on the 3d the fheath- ing was repaired. In the afternoon we got foiiie bal- lalf on Urard; after which we unhung the rudder, and caufed it to be conveyed on fliore, the lead of the pin- tles being much worn, anil a confiderablc part of the fheathing rubbed off This day an eiifign arrived from Bolcheretfk, with a letterfioin the Commander of that place to Captain (Jorc; from « hich, by the afliflancc of theferjeant, wc undcrfloo '{iiii. \>i'/i'>yri I:i iirt ln,t\ ci'iij'.'-. (■•)iii)rif ,. fiv'i ■ ■. A ■. ^■.. the tree imtler amis on a little larbour, (and at he Horc-hoiifi-s lich fevcral Ruf- ioncfohighu()on for the grave of Gore fupjiofcil to nant tothe wilhcs this place was [III J it> as luilow.''. It o(iy of K, I'Xquirc, MajcHy's illovcry: o, on the 14th >ath of OK. csof fotnc c South ' rt .c. J at Sea, 2nd Day of Age: 29th following, ith fliips were fuf- divcrt thcmrdvcs, ain Clcrke's dcliri' ICC for three dayt cxcufcd from evt-r/ attendance in the ; far advanced", and iverfc before they anting the hard fliipj time might bring JVC up that part of to their reff/c<;^ivc lingly, on Monday d their allotted cni- jmber, the carpcn- -■ (beathing as had irboard-fide ; huv- , and repaired aiul d-bo\v. I'our feet third llrakc under ire to be rrplaccd ; I the {d the ihcath- wc got foine bal- ng the rudder, and le lead of the pin- Jcrable part of the enfign arrived from rotnmander of that by the aflKlance of per orders had been t in a few days wr h was added, !hat Major Ikhm, in on the arrival of t :fk. The bcanr ol' ;utenanf Synd, who td to the coinnianii cen Alia ami Aine- I le told us he was IS, and to fupply "s niplit rrc|uire: that convcnirnt for the iml I hen he >vai to with'/iit an officer. The The RufTians, in Kamtfchatka, could not furnifli us with ft better account of Synd than Mr. Coxc hasgiven us; though they feemcd tlifpofed to communicate, without referve, what they really knew. From Major Ikhm \vc had received only this general information; that the ex- pedition had mifcarricd, and that the Commander had been cenfurcd. It was evident, that he had been on the coaft of Aincrica, fouth of Cape Prince Of Wales ; and as he was too far north to meet with fea otters, which the Ruffians fcem to have in view in all their attempts at difcoverics, it is probable, thar his return without having made any, from whence commercial advantages might be reaped, was the caufc of his difgrace, and on that account his voyage is fpoken of with rontciiipt by all the Riiirians. On Sunday, the 5th, all the par- ties that were on (bore retuincd to the fliip, and were employed in fcruhbing her bottom, and getting in foiiie Ihingle ballaft. On Wedncfday, the 8th, wo hauled the Rclbiution on fliorc, in order to repair fome damages ihe hid received from the ice, in her cut-water. Wc began, about this time, to make a ftrong decoction from a ipccies of dwarf pine, which is very plentiful in this country, )udging it would hereafter be iileful in making beer,and that we might perhaps be able to procure fugar, or a fubftitute, to ferment with it, at (;anton. We knew, however, it would be an admirable medicine for the fcurvy, and therefore were particularly defirous of pro- curing a conliderable fupply j as molt of the preventa- tives with which he had furnilhed ourfelves, were cither ( onfumed, or had loft their efiicacy through long keep- ing. When wc had pre;>ared about a hogfhead of it, the fliip's copper vi'as found to be remarkably thin, anil that, in many place:, it was even cracked. This obliged us to deiift, and orders were given, that, for the future, it fliould be ufed as fparingly as pofTible. Thofe navi- gators, w iio may hereafter be eng.aged in long voyages, would adl judicioully if tliry provided themfelves with a fparc copper, or, at lead, tluy Ihould be fully con- vinced, that the copper, ufually furnilhed, Ibould bere- inarkably flrongand durable. Thcfe necelFary utcnfils arc employed in Co many cxira fc rvices, particularly in that important one of brewing antifcorbutic decoi^tions, that fome fuch provifion fecms abfolutely neccffary ; and the former appears the more eligible, becaufe a much greater quantity of fuel would be confumed in heating coppers that are very thick. Friday, the loth, in the morning, the Iwats from both the ihips were ordered to tow a Kullian galliot intr> the harbour, w hich had |ull arrived from Okotlk. She had been no lels than jj days on her pallage, and, from (he I .ight-houft*, had been obfervcd a fiirtnight before, liLMting up towards the niomh of the bay. The cfcw had at that time difp.it'hed their boat on (hore, in or- der to procure water, which they much wanted; but, the wind incrcaling, the boat was loth the galliot was again driven to fea, and tlnde who were pallengcrs fuf- le"-d, with the crew, inconceivable hardfhips. On board this galliot were ftfry loldiers.w iih their wives and chil- tiren ; they had alio other palRngers, arid the crew con- lifted of 25 feamcn, making in the whole, upwanisof 100 pcrfons ; which, for a xclfel of 80 tons, was a j^reat number, elpccially as (he was heavily laden with (lores and proviftons. This galliot, and the fUxip which we law here in Mav, are built in the manner of the Dutch doggers. Snon atter the vellel had come to anchor, w c were vilited by a Put-parouchich, or fub-liruienant, who arrived in h»r, and Cent to take the comn-and of this place. .Some of the foldiers w re iiitended to rein- force the garrilnn; and two piec ■• of cannon were brought on (bore, to (Vrve as an additional defence to the town ; tor, the honeft lerjcant obferved fluewdly, thai, At wi- had found .he way here, others n»ight do the lame, who would not be fo welcome as ourfelves. On the 1 1 th, the damages of the Rcfolution being re- paired, we hauled her off from the fliore, and, in the courfc of the dav, \re g(« fome pitch, tar, cordage, and twine from the galliot. She alio furnilhed 113 with 140 Ikins of Hour, amtninting to 13,782 F.nglifh pounds troy weight. On tile 12th, P.nlign Synd left us to re- turn to Bolchcretik, with the remainder of the foldiers who hild arrived in the galliot. During his abode here* he had been our conftartt guclt ; and, on his father's ac- count, wc thought him in fome degree belongingto us; and, as one of the family of difcoverers, entitled to a (liarc of our cfteem. Thcferjeant, as being commander of the pkace, had hitherto been admitted to our tables) and his company war, additionally welcorne to us, be- caufe he was fcnlible and quick in his conceptions; and comprehended, better than any other pcrfon, the few Rudian words that we had acquired. Whilft Eidign Synd remained among us, he very politely permitted him to enjoy the fiiiile privileges; but when the new Conmiandcr arrived from Okotfk, the fcijeant, for what caufc we did not underlland, fell into difgrac c, and waa no longer pcrnutted to lit in the company of his ovvfj o(licer,s. Our endeavours to obtain indulgence for him, we perceived would have been ineffedual; for, though highly agieeable to us, it was, perhaps, incompatible with their difcipline. On Wedncfday, the 15th, we had completed the ftowage of the holds, got our wood and water on board, and were ready for fea; but we could not think of tak- ing our departure, becaufe the cattle were not yet ar- rived from Vcrchnei; and fteih provifions were now become the moll important article of our wants, and clTentially neceflliry for prefcrving the health of our peo- ple. Having before us a profpedf of fine weather, wc confidcred this as a favourable opportunity of engaging in fome amufement on fliorc, and of acquiring Ionic knowledge of the country. A party lor bear-hunting, was therefore propofed by Captain Gorcj and on Fri- day, the f7th, we fet out on this expedition ; which was deferred to that day, in order to give a little reft to the Ilofpodin Ivafkin, a new a' aintance, who had arrived here on Wedncfday, and intended to be one of our party. Major 13elim had ilelircd this gctulciTmn, who relided ufually at Vcrchnei, to attend u;i on our re- turn to the harbour, and alUfl u!?asan interpreter; and, from what we had heard of him before his arrival, our curiofiry to fee him was inuch excited. He is allied to a conliderable family inRiiiru, and his father was a gene- ral in the fervicc ot thcEmprcfs. 1 le received his educa- tion partly in France; he h;ul been a page to the Empiefs Elizabeth, and bore .in Enlign's commiillon in het guards. At 16 years of age he wa,s knowtcd, had his nofe flit, and was baniflied to Siberia. He was after- wards tranfported to Kamtfchatka, and had refided there 31 years. FIis pcrfon was tall and thin, and his vifagc furrowed with deep wrinkles. Old age was rtroiigly depii'.ted in his whole figure, though only 53 years of hisexiftencc had fcarcely clapfcd. C^reat was ourdifappointment when we difcovcred, that he had fo totally forgotten the French and German languages, as not to he able to fpeak a (ingle fentencc, nor to compre- hend readily any thing that was faid to him in ei-.iCr of thofe languages. Thus were we deprived unfortunately, of what we expei^led would have furniflied a favourable, opportunity of .acquiring further information refpeding this country. The caufc of his banilhment remained a fecret to every one in this country, but it was genc- rallv fup[X)fed, he had been guilty of fome atrocious otlence ; efpecially as feveral of the Commanders of Kamtfchatka have exerted their in>ercft to get him re- called, in the reign of the prefent Fmprefs; bur, fo far from fucceeding in their applications, they were not able to change the place of his banitliment. Me afTurcd us that, for :o years, he had not tafted a morfel of bread, nor had been allowed any kind of fuOfiftence; but had lived, all that time, with the Kamtfchadales, on w hat he had procured from the chace by his own acli- vity and toil. Afterwards a finall penfion was allowed him, and his (itiiation has been rendered much Icfs in- tolerahJc, fince Major Bchm was appointed to the com- maiu Being noticed by fo refptVlable a character, u ho often invited hi 11 to bectmie his gueft, others were in- ducrd to follow his example. The Major hadalfooc- calioncd his penfion to be augmented to too roubles a year, which is mi Enfigii's p.iy in every other part of the banprefs's dominions, but in this piovince, ail the ofli- ccrs haire double pay. Mujor Behm informed us, that he ml 6^1 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. Ifi; if '^;i if; f[ f ' & »• he had obtained perniillion for him to go to Okotfk, where he was tc rcfidc in future; but that, at prefenr, he fliould leave hiin behind, as he might probably be iifeful to us as an interpreter, on our return to the H.iy. Vv'e now fet out on our hunting party, dirct^ting our cniirfc to the northward, toward a pool of water, that lies near the mouth of rhe river Paratounca, and which was ;i known haunt of the bears. We had fcarce landed, Mhcn unfortunately the wind changed to the caftward, and deftroycd all hoiies of coming up with our game ; for the Kamtfihadalcs att'urtd us, that it was in vain to f xpcd to meet with bears, when to the windward of thciii ; owing to their being [xjUctTcd of an uncoinmon acutcncis in llcnting their purfucrs, which enabled them, under futh circumflanccs, to avoid the danger, though at a very great dillance from them. VVc re- turned therefore to the boat, and palled the night on the licai.h, having brought a tent with us for that purpofe. The next iiMrniiig, being the I 8th, we eroded the bay, and [lurfuid our (ourfe on foot along a plain, abounding with benxs, on which the bears feed; but though leve- ral of tliel'e animals were feen at a dillance, we could n. ver (ontrive, the weather being lliowerv and unfa- vourable, to get within fliot of them. Thus dillippointed again, we changed ourdiverlion to that of fpearing fal- nion, which we fiw pulhing in great numlx-rs through the lurt into a fiuall river. Fortunately the water at- f(i;\Ld u^ a little provilion; for ill fuccefs had not only attended ws in the ( hace by lanil, but we had faileil in our cxptCtations of (hooting wild fowl, after having al- iiioil depv.iidid foldy u{xin a fupply of them for our Wi'.i- lillenre; .\nd on its lailure, we began to think it time to return to head ijuarters. Thcfe fentiments entirely cor- reiponiled u iili thole lyf the } h)f|)odin, svhom former fe- veritiis had rendereil unable to rndurc fitigue. On Sunday, the 19th, at night, we rea'"heii the (hips, after haviii;; been full 1 1 hours upon our legs. Poor Ivulkin ieenicd jn-rleLtly overcome with fatigue, and was pnv l>ably the mor<- fenfihlv atfeded by it, for want ofa fup- ply of fnulf; lor, almoll at every Hep, I.: hand funk mechanically into his pxkct, and rofe inllantly again with his huge empty box. When arrived at the tent, the 1 lofiwidin'.s box \ias iinmeitiately replcnilhed, aiul, regaling u|xin a good fupper, we forgot the fatigues and iJifa|i|K);rimieius I't our fnutlrfs excurlion. On Momlay, the 20th, we received rhe difagrccablc intelligence, that our much elteemed friend, the feijeant, had luU'ered corporal puniilimciu, which had been in- flicted on him by cotiunand of the old Put-parouchick. None of us couKl learn the caufe of his difpleafure; but it was fuppoled to havearifeii from fomc little )ealoufy, vhich had been excited by our civility to the former. We Wire iinwilliiig to remonltrate on this fubject, till Captain .S!ima!ell (lunild arrive; however, when we were next vifited by the Put-parouchick, the cix)liiefs with which we received him, mull have tellilied fully our I hagrin. The 2 :d, being the anniverfary of the King's Coronation, we fued ;! guns; and, in honour of our Royal Mailer, prepared as elegant a fead as our litua- tion would allow of. The arrival of Captain .Shmalelf was announced the very moment we were fitting down fo limner. We ucie equally pleafed and furpri^ted ut this unexpeacil \iiit: firll, becaufe the Captain came ioojjKimmely to take a Ihare in thefellivity of the day; and alio, becaufe we were lately intormed, that the cf- iv.tsiif a Kite illiiJs had rendered him uneijual to the ;.)urn(y. We had the fatislatlioii to hear this had been merely an excufc; and lliat, knowing we were dill relied twi tea and fugar, 6vc. he was huit at the ideaof com- JMg empty haiuied, and therefore had deferred his fet- iiiigout, waiting imp-.i pily for the arrival ofa Hoop iroin OkoLlk i but iiciiiii^no intelligence of her, and ti-ariug we llioukl fail bcloie he had viiited us, he was re- lol\ed to profecuie the ioiinie., though he had nothing to pii fen; to Us but a))ul()i;i'.;; for the )u)verty of Uol- I heretik. At the iiiiue tunc he intormed us, that the ifaloii of our not iviviiig received the black cattle, was, that the heavy r.-^ins at Vcichnei, hail prevented their feitiiif; out. .S'.i much gencrolitv and politcncfs de- tnandeJ the bvft aiiL^cr wc v.xic i.ip.iblc of nuking ; 4 and on coming on board the next day, we fatuted hjht with J I guns. Friday, the 24th, he wai entcrtaiiitii onboard the Difcovcry; and the d«y following, bein-; the 25th, he returned to Boicherctfk. No increatiea could prevail on him to extend his vifit, having, as lie allljrcd us, fome cxpciilations that the fub-govcrnor- cencral would arrive in the (loop expecled froin Okotf ., he being on a tour through all the provinces of the go- vernor-general of Jakutlk. Without any application from us, he rcinllatcd the ferjcant in his command, before hi* departure, having rcfolvcd to take the Put-parouchick with him. Wc alfo undcrftood, that he was much of- fended with him for punifliing the ferjcant, a.s there ikd not appear to be the ilighteft grounds for inflicting fuch challili-ment. I'.ncoutiiged by the Ca[)tain's great rea- dincfs to oblige us, wc ventured to requed a lijiall favour for another inhabitant of Kamtfchatka. It was to re- quite an honed old foldier, who kept a kind of ordinary lor the inferioi- odicers, and who had done a thoufan j good odiccs Ixiih (or them and the wliole crew. The Captain obligingly complied with our willies, and dub- bed him indantly a corporal, telling him, at the fame time, to thank the iMiglilh ollicer^ for his very gie.it promotion. It may tun here be uniiceeiliiiy to um.Tjk, that the lower clals ofollicers in the KuniiiKumy,hr.ve a greater pre-eminenie aiwve the private men, than thole in the Hrit.lh fervice can pollibly conceive. It was, indeed, a matter i)f allonilhinent to us, to fee a fer- jeaiit adiime all the (late, anil exact as m'l. h hom.ige bom thole beiie.ith liim, as though he had been a ficUi- ollicer. Beliik's there are feveral gradations of rank among them, of which other countries arc wholly igno. rant; there being no lefs than fimr intermediate (leps between a ferjcant and a private foldier. Hut the dif- cipline of the Rullian army, though foextreniely remote from the feat of government, is remarkable for its drid- nefs and fcveriiy ; not exempting even the conunif- (ioned officers. Imprifonment, and bread and water diet, is the punilhmcnt of the latter for inconliderabic offences. /Vgood friend of ours, an Fnfign in this place, informed us, that the punidimcrt he received for hav- ing been concerned in a drunken froIic,was three nior.thj imprifonment in the black hole, with a daily allowance only of bread and water for his fubfidence ; which fo af- fected his whole nervous fyftem, that he has never iince enjoyed a fudicicnt How of fpiiits to qualify him for a convivial meeting. Captain King attended Captain Shmaleif as fi»r as the entrance ot Awatlka river, and, having taken leave of him, embraced that o[>portunity of viliting the pried of Paratounca. On Sunday, the 26th, Captain King atti.ided him to his church, where his whole congregation confided of his own family, three men, and the fame number of boys, whoadided in the (inging; and the whole of the fervicc was performed w ith great folemnity, ami devo- tion. Though the church is of wood, it ismiichfupc- rior to any other edifice, either in this town, or that ot St. Peter and St. Paul. Among (ever.il paintings with which It is ornamented, are two pictures of S:. Peter and St. Paul, the .'\podlcs, prelented by the ii.ivigatoi, Hcermg, and which may vie with the full l.uropcau perlormances, in the intrinlic rielinels of tlieir drape- ries, the principal parts thereof Ixing ( ompofeil ol thick plates ot real folid (ilver, to fafliioned as to imitate the foldings ot the robes which decorate the figures, anil fixed upon the canvafs. Monday, the '.:7th, was fp ■: by another party in the di verlion of bear-hunting ; w h'-ii Captain Kmg fubmitted himlelf to the directions ol the parilh-clerk, who had acquired great reputation as a bear hunter. About (iin-let they arrived at one of the larger 1 \kcs, where it was deemed necellarv to lonceaj themfclves; and this was clk\itd eafiU amuiig rome long grafs, and brulh-wood, of which we fa»- great plenty near the water s edge. \\'e had not been long un- der our covert, bel()rc our cars were agiieably faluttd with the growling ol bears, in almoll every quarter round about us; and we liDon had the pUi'wreof Ix - holding oncof them in the water, fwiiiiiiiifig ui a direct courfe to wliiic we lay concealed. At this tiiiie the motn diojic, fo as to adiord a conlideiablc lnjht;and as , we fntuted hi>n waj cntcrtaiflfil following, bein;; No intrcatici X, having, as lie c lub-govcrnor- Icd from Okotf ,, vinccs of the go- application from mand, before his Put-parouchic k he was much of- ant, as there li.d or infiiifting fiich ptain's great rea- cfl a lijiaJl favour It was to rc- kiiui of ordinary done a thoiifan j hole crew. 'The uillus, and duh- m, at the fame r his very gieat tfliuy to uiiinjk, .11111:111 :ui-my,tiiive ivatc uien, than !iy conceive. It ) U'!, to fee a f( r- is iTTi -h honi.ii^c had been a fictd- adations of rank are wholly igno- nternndiate lleps er. Hut I he Jif- exrrenicly remote ublc for itsflrid- i'en the commif. bread and water for inconliderablc ifign in ihis place, received for hav- , was three nior.thj a liaily allowance •nee ; which fo af- he ha* never lince qualify him for a \ttended Captain *atlki river, and, 1 that (i[iportunity I attcidcd him to ;ation conliOed ot fame number ot i the whole of the nnity, and devo- , II !■> iiiin.ii I'upe- i town, or that ot .il paintings with urrs of S:. I'ctcr by the nivigatoi, le full I'.uropeaii s of their drape- ompofed ol tliii.k as to imitate the the figures, and e '.;7tli, was I'p .•; ir-hunting; uIkii • directions ot die reputation as a ived at OIK of the .'ellarv to eonceaj fiK among foiiie cti we lam- great flot been long ii|l« agiiealiiy falutej oil ivrrv (]uarter e (ilci'iie of \x- ijiiiing III a direct Ar till-, time the able Lglit ; and as the COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PAapIC OCEAN, 6cc. 63; the bear advanced toward us, three of us fired at it, al- jinpd at the fame infant. Immediately the animal turned ^ jQwrt upon one fide, and fct up a mo(t horrible noifc. yhlch W3S neither yelling, growling, nor roaring, but a very extraordinary mixture of the whole three. We icould cafily perceive, that the beafl was wounded fc- vercly, and that it reached the bank with difficulty ; whence it retreated to feme thick buflics not far dillant, ftill continuing to make a hideous noife. The Kamt- fchadalcs fuppofed it to be mortally wounded; but judged it an adt of imprudence to attempt to roufe it again immediately. It was then nine o'clock ; and as the night became overcall, and a change of weather was to be apprehended, we thought it advifcable to re- turn home, and wait till morning for the gratification of our curiofity, when we accordingly repaired to the fpot, and found the bear dead from the wounds it had received. It was a female, and larger than the ordi- nary iize. This account of our hunting party may convey a wrong idea of the method purfucd ufually in this fport j to prevent which, it may not be amifs to fubjoin a few word." to this fubje(f>. 1 he natives generally contrive to reach the ground almutfun-fet, where the bears ufually frequent. They lirft hxik out for their tracks, and at- tend particularly to the frefliel> of them; always pay- ing a regard to the fituation with refpcd to conceal- ment; and taking aim at the animal as it pafles by, or advances, or gws frooj them, Thefe tracks are nu- merous between the woods and she lakes, and are often found among the long fedgy grais and brakes on the margin of the water. 1 'aving determined upon a con- venient fpot for concealment, the hunters fix their Crutcltfs in the ground, on which they reft their fire- locks,* pointing them in a projMjr direction. They af- terwards kneel or lie down, as the circumftanees of their lituation may require; and, having their bear- fpcars in rcadinefs by their fide, v« ait the arrival of their game. Thefe precautions are extremely neceflary, that the hunters may make fure of their mark : for the price of ammunition is To high at Kamtfchatka, that the price of a bear will not purchafe more of it than .will load a niufquct four or five times. It is much jiiore material on another confideration ; for, if the firrt ihnt Ihould not render the bear incapable of purfuit, fatal confcquences too frequently cnfue. The enraged bead makes immediately towards the place from whence the found and fmokc iflue, and I'urioully attacks his ad- verfarics. They have not fullicient time to re-load their pieces, as the bear is feldom lircd at till he comes within the dillance of 15 yards; therefore, if he (lioiild not happen to fall, they immediately prepare to receive him ujion their fpears ; their fafety depending, in a great meafure, on their giving him a mortal ftab as he ^idvanccs towards them. Should he parry the thrutl (which thefe animals arc fometimcs enabled to do, by the (Irength and agility of their paws) and break in upon his opponents, the conflict becomes bloody; tor it is fcUlomthai the lofs of a (ingle life will fatisfy the beal\'s revengi.. This bufinefs, or diverfion, is parti- cularlv dangerous at tv*o feafons of the yea-: in the fpring, when they firft illue from their caves, at 'er hav- ing fubfifted the whole winter (as it is here pifitively afierted) Iblely on fucking their paws ; and efpecially if the froft ftiould continue to be ievere, and the ice in the lakes is not broken up; as they cannot then have recourfc to their cuftomary and expeded food. Thus becoming exceedingly familhed, they grow fierce and lavage in projwrtion; purfuing the inhabitants by the Itentj and prowling alxiut at a dillaiuefrom tluir iifual tracks, dart upon iheiu unawares. Undn Inch cir- ctimlUnccs, as the natives have no idea of (hooting flying, or running, or in any manner without refting their piece, they otten fall a faciifii-c to their favage ra- pacity. The time ol ihiu copulation, is the other dangerous frufun to meet with them, and that is ufually about September. Many inllaiues of natural atfec- tion in thefe animals arc frequently related by the KamilVhadalcs, who hence di rivc conliderabic advan- tages in huiuing. They never prefume to fire at a No, 77- young bear if thedam is upon the fpot; for, it the cub fhould happen to be killed, (he becomes cnragtd to an immoderate degree; and, if (he can only obtain a fight of the offender, (he is fure to be revenged of him, or die in the attempt. On the other harui, if the mother fhould be fhot, the cubs continue by the tide of her after (he has been a long time dead ; exhibiting, by atfeding geftures and motions, the mod poignant a!fli*;Uon. The hunters, inflead of commiferating their diflrc(res, embrace thefe opportunities of deflroying them. 11 the veracity of the Kamtfchadnles may he depended on, the fagacity of the bears is as extraordinary as their na- tural affedion. Innumerable are the ftories w hich they relate to this effed. They likewife acknowledge infi- nite obligations to the bears, for all the little progrefs they have hitherto made in feveral arts. They confefs themfelves indebted wholly tothofc animals for all their knowledge in phyfic and furgery ; that, by obfcrving what herbs they have applied to the wounds they have received, and what methods they have purfued when they were languid, and out of order, they have acquired a knowledge of moft of thofe fimples" « hich they have now recourfe to, either as external or internal applica- tions. But the moft fingular circumlhince of all is, that they admit the bears to be their dancing- maftcrs, though the evidence of our own fcnfes places this mat- ter beyond difpute; for in the bear-dance of theKamt- fchadales, every gefture and attitude peculiar to that animal, is faithfully exhibited. All theircther dances are fimilar to this in many particulars; and thofe atti- tudes arc thought to come nearefi to perfedion, which moft refemble the motions of the bear. On Tiicfday, the 28th, Captain King returned from his cxcurlion to the (hips, not a little pleafed, as it had aftbrdcd him an opportunity of feeing a part of the countiy, and of oblerving the manners and behaviour of the people, when under no rcftraint, evidently not the cafe when they were in company with the Rullians. On the 30th, our Commodore went to Paratounca; but, lx:fore hi.s departure, ordered Captain King to get the fliipsout of the harbour, that they might be in rcadi- nefs tr> fail. On Friday, the ift of Odober, we had ti violent gale of wind, which continued the whole day ; but, on the 2nd, both fliips warped out of the harbour, and an- chored in 7 fathoms water, about a quarter of a mile from the oltrog. I'ortunately for us, the day before wc quitted the harbour, the cattle from Vcrchnei arrived; and that the men might have the lull enjoyment of thi'i feafonable fupply, by eating it whilft it was tVefti, the rommodorc determined to ftay in our prcfent ftAiion five or fix davs longer. This time, however, was tar from being cniiapplied; for the pumps, fails, and rig- ging of each fhip, received an additional rep lir. Cap- tain King having obtained permifTionto ufe ihecopp'r belon^^ing to the Refolution, and being fiipplied w th molafles fiomCaiJtain Gore, he was enabled to brew a futVicient quantity of beer to lall the crew a fortiiigiit, and to make ten additional punehionsof fVrong fprucc etrence. This fupply was the more acceptable, as our laftcallc of fpirits was now ferving out, except a fmall quantity referved for cafes of eiiurgency. I'lie 3d be- ing the name-day of the Emprefs of Rulli.i, we were '■ordialiy difpoled to llievv it every pollible refpec'-t. The paftor of Paratounca, l. a'ivin, and the Serjeant, were invited to dine with > , and an entertainment was prepared for the two Toions of Paratounca, and St, Peter and St. Paul; as well as for the interior olli- ceis of the garrifon, and the moll refpc 'table of the inhabitants. All the other nativ were invited ro par- take in common with the nii()-> (ompanici; a pound of exceilcnt beef being ferved out to cveiy mnii, and the rem.' uder of ourTpirits was made into grog, and dirtribute 1 among them. Twenty-one guns were fired upoe the ocealioni and conlidering we were in a very remote part of the LmprrTs's dominions, the whole fefti al was conduiited in a manner not unworthv . ■ il- luftrious a charadcr. On 1 ucfday, the 5rh,wc !\'-etv;^. a frefli fupply of tea, lugar, and tobacco, fr in B)l- cherctflc. Captain Shmalcfl having met thit pielt:nt 7 H on M i ^'» ^•34 Capt. C O U K.»s'~:VoP Y. A..O'E/S. C O M P L E T .E.V ^'m-l: on his return, he tranfmittcd a Icttlr with it, informing lis, that the Hoop from Okotlk had arrived in his ab- fence, and that Madame Shmalcfl" had inftantly dif- patched a courier with thefe few articles, requeuing ■ our acceptance of them. On the two following days we were prevented from unmooring by reafon of foul wea- ther; but on Friday the Sth, all the boats were hoiftcd in, and we failed towards the mouth of the bay ; when the wind, veering to the S. obliged us to drop anchor, the Oftrog bearing N. diftant half a league. On the 9th, at fouro'clock, P. M. we again unmoored t but as we were raifing ourlaft anchor, we were informed that the drummer of the marines had Hed from the boat of the Difcovery, which had juft left ihe village, and that he had lately been fein with a Kamtfchadalc woman, to whom he was known to be much attached, and who had importuned him frequently to Hay behind. This man was entirely ufclefs in the fervice, being lamed by a fwcUing in his kncc; and on that very account Cap- tain King was the more unwilling to leave him behind, lell he fliould become a miferable burthen to himfcif and the RulTians. He therefore applied to the Serjeant . to fend parties of his incn after him ; and, in the mean time, fomc failors vilired a well known haunt of his in the neighbourhood, where the drummer and his wo- man were found together. On his return the Difcovery weighed anchor, and followed the Refolution. Haviiig now taken our final departure from St. Peter and St. Paul, an account of Awatlka Bay, and the ad- joing coaft, may not be unacceptable to our friendly readers; efpecially as it is, perhaps, the fafcft and moll exteniivc bay that has ever been difcovered; and the only one, in this part of the world, that can admit vef- fels of a conlidcrabic burthen. The entrance thereto is inthclat. 52 deg. 51 min. N. long, i 58 dcg.48 min. E. It lies in the bight of another exterior bay, formed by Cape Gavarcca to the S. and Cheepoonlkoi Nofs to the N. The latter of thefe head-lam'^ hears from the fiirnicrN. E. by N. and is 12 leagues diftant. IVom the Cape Gavarcca to the entrance of .Awatflci Bay, the coall takes a northerly dirctlion, and extends about 1 1 leagues. It conlifls of ragged ililfs and rocks, and, in many p.irts,[)refents an appearance of bays and inlets; but, on a nearer approaeh, low grounds was fccn to connect the head-lands, l-'rom the entrance of Awatlka Bay, Chccpoonfkoi Nofs, U...: E. N. E. dillant 17 leagues. The (hore on this fide is flat and low, with hills behind, riling gr.1dually to a confidcrable height. The latitude of Cape (Javarcca is j2 deg. 21 min. 'Ihis remarkable liiU'erenceof the land on the lides of Awat- fka Bay, together with their ditfcrent bearings, are very proper guides to llccr for it, in coming from the fouth- ward.; and when it is approached from the northuard, CheepoonfKoi Nofs betomes vcr)- confpicuous; it being a high projecting head-land, and is united to the con- tmcnt, by a large extent of level ground, lower tlian the Nofs. We arc rather particular in defcribing this coaft; for if we had poflcllid a good account of its form on both fides of Awatlka Bay, wc Ihould, when we firft vifitcd it, have arrived two days fooncr than we did, and confcinicntly have avoided part of the tempef- tuoas weather, whidi we experienced in plying olVthe mouth of the harbour, Bclidcs, as the fogs are fo pre- valent in thefe feas, it utic 11 happens, that an obferva- tioii forafcertaining the latitude lannot be taken. It fliould alfo he confidercd, that land makes a very dcccp- ti'c appearance when covered with fiiow, or when viewed through a ha.'y utmofphcre ; butliwhiih cir- nimftances rende* it neccdary for every navigator to be acquainted with IS many diferiminating obje(?ts as poflible. Should tic vcathcr be filTu icntly clear to admit a view of i/- mountains, both on the coaft and its nciglibourhocK.! the lituation of Awatlka Bay may be pr mi; id might,- wit li aountaiiis^ at it Vyhcniwd got rd Bay, a Jigijt- ointcd out the .Many funkcn and, ftrctching n thi» in a fwcll lenifclvcs. To diftant from it, chieHy of high and more per. : into the bay is, iieand a half in s long, in a N. 3 a noble bafun, the harbours of V. and St. Peter Tarcinfka har.^ !ve. A narrow at the bottom, entrance of the a (hoal in the il, makes it ne- happcn to be a cumAancc, this rtwo. It is one i long, running tic harbours wc Paul. Six ihips ad and Hern, and G[iving them any irbour is formed m the Ollrog is 5 feet acroft, in alf water. The muddy bottom, licnce from the broke the mef- ' n getting the an- ir u the watering lioal, and within ;hc S, VV. nwre, or it. 'Lo ftcer at her a large dc- intrance, mull be In order to (leer rocks, near the ic entrance, muft the northward of of the entrance. etcrandSt.Paul, iccelFary to keep t which (Irctche* leOllrog. irics uerc placed :ter and St. Paul ; and of five ftars latitude to be 53 1 46 fen of lunar 6 lee. E. At full later, at 36 min. was the (^reatcll :\vclvc houis. h this place, that vhich was copied Kendal, Hoppcl re our firft axrival ;e, it had alway.s ng been trufted, ids '.'lan thofe of u accident, there* o which its ftop- it proceed from >ut very litilcbc- ilure ol' the piece md Captain king purluedi whither lefs ftatc, or fub' . pnii v;\!, ^.'i«'il:~J!*'^ -^'IJ^^S ■nW" iW,K ft*!* l-*i ■ ' m ■■ ,4 ' f 4 ■H? I'^it'iii-^ f?5 [».';' 'i ii#i I' ^*i* ^1 U's^. •I . ♦. m :l^'' •■, fc' <*'^ V-;:. i|;:fe '^ m- m ^i COOK'« THIRD and LAST VoVACE— To ilic I'AClKiC Qt liAN, &c. 63J mit it 10 the inlpciHion of a feaman on board, who had been rcculirly Dreii a watch-maker in Ixmdon, aniitj who had given many fatisfaftory proofs of his Ikill irt j «n the j Voyage. Having exprfl< and Peiifliinlk. Its ex- tremity to the S. li Cap' ipatka. Tb< « hole penin- ftila it fomewhat in the li^ of a (lioe; »■ i its greatell tMtadth is 236 computed in -^i being from the mouth of the Tigil, to that of the ri^-r Kamtfchatka; and to- wards each extremity, it gradually beromcs narrow rr. On the N. it is bound'-d by the country ot the kiriacks ; by the N. Pucific Ocean •<> the S. and 1'.. and by th'- lea of Okot(k to the W. A ch m of high mountains extends the whole length of the j.'ninfula, froniN. toS, and al- moft equally divide it; wb'ricc fcvcral rivers tjkc thiir rife, and make their courfo ^to the 1' < ific Ocean, and the fea of Okotlk. The thi o priiKi:>.il of thcfe arc, the Bolchoireka, or great rivu ; the Kj ntfchatka; and the river Awatflia. To the N. W. of the mouth <>t the Kamtfchatka, lies the great lake Ncrpitfch; from Nerpi, a fealj that lake abounding with thofc animals. A fort, called .\.ii;;'i'i-Kamtfchatka Ollrog, is fituafd about aom leg u.- il-e river, where an hofpital and barracks have Ic-en liui't by the Rulfians; and ths place, we un- dcrfto'j ', is row become the princip.il mart in the country. Wcro wc to judge of this country from what we faw of its foil and vegetable produclions, it appears to be ban«n in the extreme. Neither aboit tlic bay, nor in our journey to Bolchcrctik, nor in any of our hunting cxcurilons, did wc ever perceive the fmallcll fpot of ground, that had the appearance of a good green turf, or thjit feemed capable of improvement by cultivation. Indeed, the whole furfacc of the country, in a mod ftriking degree, rcfenibles that of Newfoundland. At l^ratounca, however, wc faw fomc ftack* of moft cxcd- I lent hay ; and Major Ifchm affurcd u^, th.it tlie banks uf the Kami (i. hat ka, and the DiOraia, as » ell as many other parts of the pcninfula, jjioduce a quantity of grals, (if great ftrength anl height, which is mowed twice in ever* fummcr, and that tnc hay is particularly adapted to II c fattening of cattle, being of a very fucculent qua- lity. This agrees with Krafcheninicotfs account, who relates, that the country which borders on tho river Kamtfchatka, is much fuperior, in point of fertility, to that of either the N. 1 r S. The feverity of tht climate, it may naturally be fuppofed, muft he in proportion to the Derility of thefoil, of which it is perhaps the caufe. Wc firft faw this country in the beginning of May, '779. when it was eovcretl with fnow, from fix to eight fpet in depth. On the a4th of Auguft, when we re- turned, the foliage of the tiec/i, and vegetation in gene- ral, appeared to be in the height of perfection. The weather, during the remainder of that month, and the whole of September, wns not feverc; but when Odlober began, the new fallen fnow again covered the tops of the hills. In computing the feafons here. Spring ftiould certainly be omitted. Summer may be faid to extend from the middle of June, till the middle of September. October iruy be coniidered as Autumn; from which period to the middle of June, it is all dreary winter. The climate in the country adjacent to the river Kamtf- chatka, is faid to be as ferene and temperate, a.i in m.itiy parts of Siberia under the fame latitude. 'J'hc iniiabi- tants, however, are fometimes prevented, by the uncer- tainty of th'.' fiimmer feafon, from providing a fufficient Hock of dried bill, for their food in v nier; and thtf moifturc of the pir occafions worms to breed in them, which frequently deft roy or fpoil the greateft part. The feverity of the winter, and the dreadful hurricanes of wind and fnow which attend it, oblige the natives to re- tire to their fubterraneous habitations, both for their fe- turity and warmth. We had neither thunder nor light- ning during our Hay at Kamtfchatka, excepting on the nightof the eruption of the volcftno. In thispeninfuirt volcanoes arc numerous; but only three have lately been fubjedl to eruptions. That in the neighbourhood of Awatlka wc have already mentioned. The volcajio of Tolbatchick is fituated between the river Kamtfchatka and Tolbatchick, on a neck of land. The eruptions pro- ceed from the fummit of a high mountain, which ter- minates in jrointcd rocks. On the top of the mountain of Kamtfchatka, fuppofed to be by farthehigheftin the pcninfula, is the third volcano. Springs of hot water are faid to abound in this country. The principal trees which fell under our notice, wefc the birch, the poplar.and the alder; fevcral fmallfpecies of he willow, and two forts of d warfifli cedars. One of the! forts grows upon the coaft, feldom exceeding two feet lO height, and creeping on the ground. Of this our effence for licer was made, and proved to be very proper for the purpofe : the other, which grows much higher, is found on the mountains, and bears a kind Of nut or apple. Of the birch w hich appears to be the molt common, wc remarked three forts. Two of them were large and fit for timber ; differing from each other only in the i lour and texture of the bark. The third is of a dwarhic kii.J. The natives apply this tree to a va- riety of ufcs. When tapped, it yields a liquor in great abundance, which they drink without mixture, or any kind of preparation, as we obferved frequently in our journey to Bolcheretfk. Wc drank fomcof itourfelves, and found it pleafant and refrelhing, though fomewhat purgative. The bark they con rt into veflels for do- . meftic purpofcs ; and from the ood of this tree are made their fledges and canbes. N only the birch, but every other kind of tree, in the n< jjhbourhood of the bay, were ftunted, and very fmall; tht- natives therefore arc obliged to go a confiderablc difln ce up the coutw try, to get wood of a proper fize for t ■^ir canoes, their balagans for fummer-houfes) and many i'her purpofcs. This penmfula likewife produces great ibundancc of the fhrub kind, as mountain afh, juniper- rafberry bufhcs, and wild rofes. Alfo a variety of l --ies, as partridge-berries, blue-berries, black-berries, cran-bei-- rics, aed crow-bcrrics. Theft are preferved by n.adiing tU'tt VJ'^' IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 l^|28 |2.5 lu I.I °'-ll^ im 1.25 11'-^ 1'-^ V] <^ 7. # y /A Photographic Sciences Corporation a.'J SVeST MAIN STREET WELST^!».N.Y 14580 (716) 87'.';:03 636 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. them into a thick jam ; and they conftitutc a confidcr- able part of their winter provifions, ferving as a gene- ral faucc to their dried fifli. They alfo cat them in pud- dings, and make decodlions of them for their common beverage. We found here large quantities of whole- fomc vegetables in a wild ftatc, fuch as chervil, garlic, onions, r.ngelica, and wild celery. We alfo met with fome excellent turnips, and turnip-radifhes, upon a few foots of ground in the vallics. This was the utmod of their garden cultivation : yet, this account of vegeta- bles only relates to fuch parts of the country as fell within our obfervation : near the river Kamtfchatka, where, as we have already pbferved, both the foil and climate are the bcft in the peninfula, garden culture'is attended to, and perhaps with fuccefs j for, with the fe- cond drove of cattle which we received from Verchnci, we alfo received a prcfent of cucumbers, celery, fome large turnips, and other garden vegetables. Two plants are produced in this peninfula, which murt not pafs un- noticed. The firfl is called by the natives Sarana, which grows w ild and in great quantities. About the begin- ning of Auguft, many women are employed in colleifl- ing the roots, which, after being dried in the fun, are prefcrved for ufc. It is a maxim with the Kamtfcha- dales, that Providence never dcferts them, for the fea- fon that is prejudicial to the farana, is always favourable for fidiing J and, on the contrary, an unfuccefsful filh- ing month, is always amply compenfated by an exube- rant farana harvcll. This article is varioufly employed in cookery. When roaftcd in embers, it is a better fub- ftitute for bread than any thing the country produces. When baked in an oven, and pounded, it fupplies the place of flour and meal, and is mixed in all their foups, and many other diflics. It it extremely nourilhing, has a pleafanc bitter flavour, and may be eaten daily with- out cloying. We partook of thcle roots, boiled as we do (H>tatocs, and found them very agreeable. The name of the other plant is Sweet Grafs. When at its full growth, it is about fix feet high. This plant was for- merly a principal ingredient in cookery among the na- tives ; but fince the nullians have been in poflciTion of the country, it has been chiefly appropriated to the purpofe of diftillation. The liquor extraded is called raka, and has the 'treneth of brandy. Seventy-two pounds of the plant, produce generally 25 pints of raka. A vulgar well-known plant remains to be noticed, as being more clfential to their fublitlence than all which have hitherto been mentioned: this is the Nettle; which, as neither hemp nor flax are produced in this country, fupplies materials for their filhing-nets ; and on which their exillcnce principally depends. Many parts of this peninfula would probably admit of fuch cultivation, as might contribute to the comfort and convenience of the inhabitants; yet the number of wild animals it produces, mud always be conlidered as its real riches; and no labour can be confidered fo pro- ductive of .-idvantage, as what is emj 'oycd upon its fur- rieries. And next to thefc, the animals that fupply them arc defcrving of attention. Thefe are the fox, the zc- bilinc, or ral)!e; the float, or ermine ; the ifatis, or arc- tic fox ; the earlefs marmot; the varying hare; the weafd ; the glutton, or wolverene; the wild flieep; the rtin-dccr; wolves; bears; and dogs. The nioft gene- ral objcds of the chace arc foxes, with which this coun- try abounds, and among which area variety of colours. The mod common fpccies is the fame as the European, but their colours are more vivid and (hining. Some arc ol aOurk chefiuit ; others have dark-coloured (Iripes ; the bellies of fome are black, but the other part of the body is (Tf a light chcfnut. Some are wholly black; others of a dark brown; others of a ftonc-colour; and Ibmc i'cw arc entirely white; the Ial>, however, arc very Icarcc. The quality of their fur is much fuperior to that of the lame animals in Siberia or America. The fables are much larger than thofc of Siberia, and their fur is thicker und brighter; but thofe in the neighbour- hood of Mie rivers Olckma and Vitimc, are of a finer black. The liibles ol thi' Tigll and Ouka, arc faid to be the bell in Kamtllhatka ; a pair of thefe being fold frequently for five }H)uiuis lltrliiig. The inferior forts arc found in the fuuthcni parts. A rifle barrel gim, of a very fmall bore, a net, and a few bricks, are the whole apparatus of the fable hunters. With the firft they fometimes (hoot them, when ken on trees : the net is ufed in furrounding hollow trees, in which they ufually take refuge when purfued ; and the bricks arc put hot into the cavities, in order to drive them out with the fmokc. The Ikin of the ardic fox is of little value ; and, on the fame account, the varying hare is ncgleiftcd. They arc very numerous, and always become perfedtly white during the winter. In the be- ginning of May, wc obfervcd feveral of this colour, but they were fo extremely fliy, as not to fulfer us to come within gun-(hot. The carlefs marmot, or mountain rat, is a beautiful creature, much fmaller than a fquir- rcl ; and, like that animal, feeds upon roots and berries. Its (kin is of high edimation, being warm, light, and of a bright ftiining colour. The ermine, or doat, is little regarded; its fur being of a very ordinary kind. The weafel is alfo ncglcdled on the fame account. The (kin of the wolverene, or glutton, on the contrary, is in the highed repute ; a Kamtfchadale looking upon himfelf as mod fplendidly attired, when a fmall quantity of this fur appears upon his garments. The women cmbcllifli their hair with its white pats, which is confidered as the mod fuperlative piece of finery. All the bears which wc had an opportunity of fecinij', were of a dun brown colour. They appear generally in a company of four or five together j and frequently in the fcafon when the fifli quit the fea, and pufli, in great quantities, up the rivers. In the winter months they are feldom vilibic. Of their flcins, warm mattrcITes, and coverings for beds, arc made ; alfo comfortable bonnets, cloves, and har- nefs for the fledges. The flclh, efpecially the fat, is held in great edimation. The wolves appear only in win- ter, when they are faid to prowl about in large compa- nies. Rein-dccr, both wild and tame, are found in many parts of the peninfula, but none in the neighbourhood of Awatlka. It is remarkable that thefe animals are not ufed here, for the purpofei of carriage, as they are by their neighbours to the N. and E. Their place is in- deed fufliciently fupplied by dogs; yet it appears fome- what extraordinary, that they fliould not have preferred an animal fo much more powerful and docile. Hie dogs refemblc the Pomeranian breed, in mien and fi- gure; but they arc lai^r, and the hair is confiderably coarfcr. The colour mod prevalent among them, is that of a light dun, or a pale dirty yellow. Thefe ani- mals are all turned loofc, about the latter end of May, and are obliged to fliift for themfelvcs till the cnfuing winter ; but they nevw fail to return to their lefpcc^ivc homes, when the fnow begins to make ita appearance. In the winter, their food confids wholly of the head, back-bones, and entrails of falmon, which are prefcrveil and dried for that purpofe ; and even with this food they are very fcantily fupplied. The dogs mud certainly be very numerous, no Icfs than five being yoked toge- ther for a (Inglc fledge, in which only one pcrfon is car- ried. In our journey to Bolchcretllt, wc had occafion for 1 39 at two dagcs. It is obfervable, that bitches arc never employed in this bufincfs, nor dogs that have been cadratcd. The whelps arc trained to the draft, by bein^ fadened to dakes with leatht rn thongs, which arc cladic ; and having their food placed beyond their reach, by continually pulling to obtain it, they acquire drength and a habit of drawing; both of which are ef- fentiallynecefl!ary for their dedined labour. We mud not omit, in our catalogue of animals, the wild moun- tain flieep, or aival*, unknown in all parts of Europe, except thofc of C^rlica and Sardinia, Its (kin refrm- bles that of a deer's, but, in its gait and general appear- ance, it nearer approaches the goat. Its head is adorned with two large twided horns, which, when the animal is full grown, weigh fometimes from 3$ to 30 pounds, and are reded on the creature's back when it is run- ning. Thefc animals arc remarkable fwift and adive, frequent only the mod craggy and mountainous parts, and travcrfc the deeped rtKKs with an adonidiingagi- lity. Spoons, cups, and platters, arc fabricated by the natives of their horns ; and thev often have one of the latter hanging to a belt < whicf fcrvet them to drink 4 out COOK'S fJHIRD and LAST VOYA'n-.^ -To the PACIFIC OCiiAN, cVc. •"•■'- ' ^'37 trees, in and tlie to drive irdic tox out out of, whert on their hunting expeditions. This is a gregarious creature, extremely beautiful, and its flgfli is fwect, and delicately flavoured. Of northern fea-fowl, almo(t every kind frequent the coaft and bays of Kamtfchatka, and amone; others the fca eagles. The inland rivers are plentifully ftorcil with various fpecies of wild ducks; one of which, called by the natives a-an-gitche, has a mod beautiful plumage. Its cry is equally fingulai and agreeable. Another fpecies is called the mountain duck. The plumage of the drake is remarkably beautiful. A va- riety of other water fowl were feen, which, from their magnitude, appeared to be of thegoofe kind. We ob- ferved in pafTing through the woods, fome eagles of a Erodigious fizc, out of what fpecies we could not pofli- ly determine. It is faid, there are tbt-ce diftcrent kinds. The firft is the black eagle with a whitehead, tail, and legs: the eaglets of which are perfedtly white. The fecond is improperly called the white eagle, though, in reality, it is of a light grey. The third is the ftone coloured eagle, which is a very common fort. There are great numbers of the hawk, falcon, and buftard kind in this peninfula. Woodcocks, fnipes, and groufc are alio found here. Swans are very numerous, sind ge- nerally make a part of the rcpaft at all public entertain- ments. The vaft abundance of wild fowl, in this coun- try, was fufficiently manifeft, from the many prefcnts we received, confifting frequently of twenty brace at a time. We faw no amphibious animals on the coaft, except feals, and thefc were extremely numerous about the bay of Awatfka. The fea-otters found here, and thofe we met with at Nootka found, arc exaftly the fame; and have already been particularly defcribed. They were formerly in great abundance here ; but fincc the Ruffians have opened a trade with the Chinefe for their (kins, where thoy bear a price fupcrior to any other kind of fur, the hunters have been induced to be fo in- defatigable in the purfuit of them, that very few re- main in the country. They arc ftill found in the Kurile Iflands, though the number is inconfiderablc. Filh is the main article of fublillencc among the in- habitants of this peninfula, who cannot pofTibly derive it either from agriculture or cattle. The foil, indeed, affords fome wholefonic roots, and every part of the country produces great quantities of berries ; but filh alone may be called their ftaff of life, with more pro- priety than bread in any other country; for neither the inhabitants, nor their domeftic animals of the ca- nine fpecies, could poffihly exilt without it. Wh.nlcs are common in this country, and when taken ferve for a variety of ufes. After cleaning their intefVincs, dry- ing them, and blowing them like bladders, they dcpolit their oil and grcafe therein. Kxccllent fnares are made of their nerves and veins; in fliort, no part of the whale is ufelefs in this peninfula. We caught abundance of fine Hat fifh, trout, and herrings. .\t one haul on the 15th of May, we dragged out above 300 flat I'lni.bcfidcs a confidcrablc quantity of fca-trout. The firft herring feafon commences about the latter end of May. They vilit the coaft in large ftioals, but coniinue no confidcr- ablc time. Thefe hfli are excellent, as are alfo large quantitiesofexceeding fine cod; and many of our empty calks were filled with the former. But notwithftand- ing this abundance, it is on the falmon lifiicry alone that the inhabitants depend for their winter fuftenancc. The fifhing feafon begins about the middlcof May, and continues to the end of June. The firft fhoals that enter the n outhof the Awatllta, is the largeft and moft cf- teemed. Three feet and a half is their ufual length; and they are more than proportionably deep; their average weight being from 30 to 40 pounds. We had one of the firft that were taken, but not without being told, that it was the higheft compliment the Kamtfcha- dales could poffibly confer upon us. It was formerly a cuftom among them to eat the firft fifti they caught, in the inidftof great rejoicings, accompanied with many fuperftitious ceremonies. There is a finaller fort of falmon, weighing from about 8 to 1 5 jwunds, known by the name of the red filli, which aniniblc in the bays, 4tvi at the mouths of the rivers, early in the month of No. 78, June. From this time till towards the end of Scjitcm- ber, vaft quantities of them are takni upon the oiillcrn and weftern coafts, where the fea .receives any frcfli wa- ter, and alfo up the rivers, almoft to their very fourcc. All the lakes which communicate with the fca abound with fifli, whidh have much the appearance of falmon, and weigh ufually about five or fix pounds. The na- tives, we underftand, do not think it worth their labour to catch them. Thefe lakes being generally" fhallow, the fifli become an eafy prey to beat's and dogs, in the fummer feafon; and from the quantities of Ijones ap- pearing upon the banks, vaft numbers of them fcem to have been devoured. The natives dry the principal part of theirfalmon, and fait but very little of it. They cut a fifh into three pieces. The belly-piccc is firft taken off, and then a fiicc a'ong each fide of the b;»ck bone. The former, which is citeemed thebcft, is dried andfmokcd: the other Hiccs are dried intlieair, and are cither eaten whole as a fiibftitutc for bread, or pul- verized for paftcand cakes. The head, tail and bones, arc dried, andpreferved for their dogs. The inhabitants of Kamtfchatka may be divided into three clafles; the Kamtfchadales; the Rullians and CofTacks; and a mixture produced by their interniar- rian;es. The Kamtfchadales are a people of remote antiquity, and have inhabited this peninfula for many ages ; and they doubtlcfs defcended from the Manga- lians; though fome have imagined they fprang from the Tongufian Tartars, and others from the Japanefe. The ilullians, having made themftlves maftcrs of that vaft extent of coaft of the Frozen Sea, eftablifticd pofcs and colonies, and appointed comniifraries to explore and fubjedt the countries ftill farther to the E. They foon difcovered that the wandering Koriacs inhabited part of the coaft of the fea of Okotfk, and they found no difficulty in making them tributary. Thefe not be* ing at a great diftance from the Kamtfchadales, with whom they had frequent intcr:ourfc, a knowledge of Kamtfchatka muft naturally follow; and the honour of the firft difcovcry of this peninfula is attributed to F"eodot AlexeiefF,a merchant, in the year 1648 ; but a Coffack, named Volodimer Atlaflbft" is the unqucftion- able firft acknowledged difcoverer of Kamtfchatka. He was fcnt in 1697, in the capacity of commiflaiy from Jakutfk to the Anadirfk, with directions to call in the Koriacs to his afliftance, in order to difcovcr, and make tributary, the countries beyond their?. Witli fixty Ruffian foldiers, and as many CofTacks, he pene- trated, in the year 1699, into the heart of the peninfula, and gained the Tigil. In his progrcfs he levied a tri* bute upon furs, and proceeded to the river Kamt- fchatka, on which he built an oftrog, now called Verchnei; and leaving a garrifon of 16 ColTacks, re- turned to Jakutfk, with vaft quantities of valuable tri- butary furs, in the year 1700. Since which time to the grand revolt of the Kamtfchadales in 1731, the hif- tory of this country prefcnts an unvaried detail of re- volts, maffacres, and murdCrs, in every part of the pe- ninfula. Thoug'i a great many of the inhabitants were loft, in quelling the rebellion of 1731, yet the country had afterwards recovered itfelf, and was become as po- pulous as ever in 1767 s at which period the fmull pox was, for the firll time, introduced among them, by a foldicr from Okotlk. It broke out with fury, and, in its progrcfs, was as dreadful as the plague > feemingalmoll to threaten their entire extirpation. Twenty thoufand were fiippofed to have died by this loathfomc diforder in Kamtfchatka, the Kurile iflands, and the Korek' country. The inhabitants of whole villages Were foine- times fweptaway;of which fulficient proof remains to this day. There are eight oftrogs about the bay of Awatlka, which, wc were informed, had been com- pletely Inhabited, but now they are all become dt folate, except St. Peter and St. Paul ; and only feven Kamt- fchadales, who are tributaries, refulc in tfiat. At the oftrog of Paratounca only 36 native inhabitants remain, including men, women, and children; though it con- tained 360 before it was vifited by the fmall pox. Wc paired no lefs than four cxtcnfive oflrogs, in our jour- ney to Bolchereilk, which had not a fingle inhabitant 7 Y in 638 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. in either of them. We were informed by Major Bchtn, that thofe who at this time pay tribute, including the Kuriles, do not exceed 3,000. The amount of the mihtary forces, in five forts, is about 400, including Ruflians and Coflacks. Nearly the fame number are faid to be at Ingiga ; which, though in the N. of the peninfula, is under the command of Kamtfchatka. The Ruflian traders and emigrants are not very consi- derable. The government, cftabliflied in this country by the Kuilians, confldrred as a military one, is remarkably mild and equitable. Ihe natives are peimitted to cleifl their own magilhates in their anticnt mode. One of thefe, called a Toion, prefides over each oflrog. to whom all differences are referred. In fome diftrids, the only tribute exadcd is a fable's Ikin; and in the Kurile idands, a fca otter's ; but as the latter is conli- derabty more valuable, the tribute of fcvcral perfons is paid with a fingle Ikin ; a tribute ib inconliderable can hardly be considered in any other light, than that of an acknowledgment of the Ruflian dominion over them. But the Ruflians arc not only to be commended for the . milf'"'''* of their government ; they arc alfo entitled to approbation for their fuccefsful endeavours in convert* ing the natives to Chriflianity, there being now but very few idolaters remaining among them. If we form a judgment of the other miflionaries from the benevolent paftor of Paratounca, mere fuitablc perfons could not poflibly be engaged in this bufinefs. The ekports of this country confift entirely of furs 5 and this bufinefs is chiefly conduced by a company of merchants, appointed by the cmprefs. Twelve was the number originally, but three have fince been added. Befides a charter or grant of privileges, they are dif- tinguiflicd by wearing a gold medal, exprefHve of the Emprefs's protcftion of tne fur trade. There are other inferior dealers, chiefly CofTacks, indifferent parts of the country. At what time the principal merchants re- main here, they refide either at Bolchcrctlk, or the Nifhnci oflrog; the trade centering wholly in thofc two places. This bufinefs was formerly carried on in the way of barter, but every article is at prcfent pur- chafed with ready money, no inconfiderable quantity of foecie being circulated in that wretched country. The uirs produce a high price; and the natives require few articles in return. Our failors brought a quantity of fiirs from the coaflof America, and were both plcafed and aftonilhcd on receiving fuch a<]uantityol lilver for them from the merchants; but as they could not purchafe gin or tobacco, or any thing elfe that would afford them any degree of entertainment, the roubles were foon conlidcrcJ as troublefome companions, and they frequently diverted themfelves by kicking them about the deck. Our men received thirty roubles of a merchant, for a (ca-otter's fkin, and in the fame propor- tion lor others; but the merchant underflanding they had great quantities to difpole of, and perceiving they were unacquainted with traflic, he afterwards procured them at a much cheaper rate. European articles are the principal that are imported, but they are not folcly conlhned to RufTuin manufac- tures. They come from England, Holland, Siberia, Bucharia, the Calmucs, and China. They chiefly condft. of coarfe woollen and linen cloths, flockings, bonnets, and gloves ; thin Perfian filks, pieces of nan- keen, cottons, handkerchiefs, both of filk and cotton ; iron ftovcs, brafs and copper pans, files, guns, powder and fliot; hatchets, knives, looking-glaffes, fugar, flour, boots, i\:c. Thefe commodities, we obferved, fold for three times the fum they might have been purchafcd for in England. And, notwithflanding the merchants have fo extravagant a profit upon thelic imported goods, they receive flitl a greater advantage from the fale of the furs at Kiachta, a confiderable market for them on the frontiers of China. In Kamtfchatka, the hd\ fca- otier fkins ufually produce about thirty roubles a-piccc; ar Kiachta, the Chinefc merchant gives more than dou- ble that price, and difpofes of them again at Pckin for a much greater fum ; after which, an additional profit is m:ide of inany of them at Japan. If, then, the original value of a fkin at Kamtfchatka is thirty n>uble$,and it is afterwards tranfportcd ro Okoi;fk,, ihencc by land 1364 miles to Kiachta, thence 760 miles to Pekin, ami after that 10 be tranfportcd to Japan^^what a lucrative trade might be cl^abliflicd between Kamtfchatka and Japan, which is not above three weeks fail fiorji it, at the ur- mofl? It may be neccflary toobferve, that the princi- pal and mod valuable part of the fur trade, lies among the iflands between Kamtfchatka and America. Bccr- ing firfl difcovered thtfc in 1741, and hs they were found to abound with fea-otters, the Ruflian merchants fought anxioufly for the other iflands feen by that n;i- vigator, S. E. of Kamtfchatka, named in Mullcr's map the iflands of St. Abraham, Scdudion, &c. I'hcy fell in with no lefs than three groups of iflands, in thefe expeditions. ThefirfV, about 15 deg. E. of Kamt- fchatka; another, 12 deg. E. of the former; and the third, Oonalafhka, and the neighbouring iflands. Thefe mercantile adventurers alfo pnxreedcd as far as Shu- magin's Iflands, of which Kodiak is the largcfl. Bur here they met with fo warm a reception, for attempting to compel the payment of a tribute, that they never ventured fo far again. The three groups before-men- tinned, however, were made tributary. The whole fea between Kamtfchatka and America is, according to the Ruflian charts, covered with ilhinds; for, as thofe who were engaged in thefe expeditions, frequently fell in with land, which they fuppofed did not tally with the fituation laid down by preceding adventurers, they im- mediately fuppofed it to be a new difcovery, and re- ported it accordingly on their return ; and, as thefe vef- fels were ufually out three or four years, and fometimes longer, fuch miftakes could not immediately be rec- tified. It is pretty certain, however, that only thofc iflands which have been enumerated, have been difco- vered in that fea by theRaffians, S. of 60 deg. latitude. The fca otter fkins, which arc certainly the inofl valu- able artii Ic in the fur trade, arc princiualiy drawn from thcfc iflands ; which being now under the Ruf- fian ^minion, the merchants have fuilors reliding in fctllcmcnts there, for the fole purpofe of bartering with the natives. To extend this trade, an expedition was fitted out by the admiralty of Okotfk, to make dif(:o. veries to the N. and N. E. of the above-mentioned iflands, and the command of it given to Lieutenant Synd. But, as this gentleman direded his courfe too far N. he did not fucceed in the objed of his vayagc ; for, as we never found a feaVittcr N. of Briflol bay , they, perhaps, avoid thofe latitudes where large amphi- bious fea-animaU arc numerous. The RuUians lu\c not fince undertaken any expedition for making difco- veries to the eaflward; but they will, probably, make an advantageous ufe of our difcovery of Cook's river. Notwithftanding the general intercourfc between the natives, the Rufnans, and CofTacks, the former are as much difiinguilhed from the latter by their habits and diTpofition, as by their features and general figure. As the perfons of the natives have already been defcrib- ed,we fliall only add, that, in their (\ature, they arc below the common height, which Major Behm attributes to their marrying fo very early; both fexes ufually engag- ing in the conjugal flate at 13 or 14 years of age. They are exceedingly induftrious, and may be properly contrafied with the Ruffians and CofTacks, who fre- quently intermarry with them, apparently, for no other leafon, but that they may be fupporied in lazioefs and floth. To this inadivity may be attributed thofc fcor- butic complaints, which mofl of them are dreadfully afHided with; whiit\ the natives, who cxercife in the open air, entirely efcape them. Their habitationsconfifl of three dillinEl forts ; jourts, balagans, and log-houfcs, which are here called ilbas ; they inhabit the firll in the winter, and the fecond in thcfummer; the third are introduced by the Ruflians, wherein only the wealthier people refide. The jourts. are thus conflruded. A kind of oblong f(]uare is dug about ^ix feet deep in the earth ; the ditnenlions mufT be proportioned to the numbers who arc so inhabit it, for it IS ufual for fcveral to live together in the fame jourt. Strong wooden pofls, or pillars, arc faflened in 8 the f,' I; i'^t,. •«' Tl f^--- s- : " ,{ ^'■':. u h V IS ^ ^ ■i-M. '•. ■> ;»'■ *■■•■< ":■ I ■ H- ■^■. v.- *ff^/4'i' :r- . .»■ <-. i'*- . -■■.Sv^VV-;- ■-:;..:''4;;.', • '■> if : ' ,..♦' |iij ^«:'"'»? ■■if;'. ^; ■ %i. ■■ ' -r ^ r ^! -.^ii- :-^-v-"-^'-^ mii , teo' 1 , '.5 , . :-:^ '""■■"-"" "' * " '/ ^iiji '#"■-*';: i^' m -s- ^ -<»»§>):;; ^ffi'C ■;j-?.--'^":;:V;r^"-Tv-"^" •^f; COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. f'39 the ground, at equal diftanccs fioni each other, on which the beams intcmlcil to fiipport the roof arc ex tendcil ; which is formcil by joilU, one end of wiiicli rert upon the proiind, and the other on the beams. Between the joifts, the intcrftices are filled up with wicker work, and turf is fprcad over the whole. The external appearance of ajourt, refeinblcs a round fqiiat hillock. A hole, fcrvini; for a chimney, window, and door, is left in the center, and the inhabitants go in and out by the alfidance of a long pole, having not( hcs deep enough to atlbril a iiitle fccurity lor the toe. On the iidc, and even with the ground, there is another en trance, appropriatcil to the ufe ot' the women i but if a man paltcs in or out of this door, he becomes as much an ob|e(fl of ridicule, as a failor who difi ends through lubber's hole. A jouit toiififls of one apartment, forminj^an oblong fquare. Hroad platforms, made of boards, are extended along the tides, at the height of aliout fix inches from the ground; which fcrve them for fitting on, and on which they rcpofoi firit takin>j; care to cover them with mats and Ikins. The lire- place is on one iide, and, on the other, their provilions and culinary utcniils are (lowed. When they make en- tertainments, the compliment is confidered in propor- tion to the heat of the jourts; the hotter they arc made, the hiore gracious is the reception of the guclls con- fidered. We always found them fo extremely hot as to be intolerable. They generally retire to thcirjourts about the middle of October, and continue in them till the month of May is more than half expired. To creCt abalagan, nine pofts are fixed into the earth, in three regular rows, at equal dillances from each other, to the height of about 12 or 1 { feet Ironuhe furfacc. About 10 feet from the ground, rafters arc laid from port to port, and fecurely fartened by llrong ropes. The joills arc laid upon thefc lalter^, and a turf covering com- pletes the platform or Hoor of the balagan. A roof ot a conical iigure is raifed upon this, by means of long poles, which are fath'ued to the rafters atone end, and meet together in a point at the top. The whulc is co- vered, or rather thatched, with a coarfc kind ofgrafs. Thefe fummer habitations have two doors, placed di- reClly oppofite to each other, to which they allend by the i'ame kind of ladders that are udd in the jouits. In the lower part, which is left entirely ojK'n, they dry their filh, vegetables, and other article^ intcniicd for the cunfumption of the winter. Though fix families ufually live together in one jourt, abalagan i< fddom occupied by more than one at a time. 'I'he ilb.is, orlog-houl'es, arc thus erected : long timbers arc piled hon/.ontally, w ith the ends let inro c.u.h other, and the fcains arc filled up or caulked with mofs. Like thofc of o;ir common cottages, the roof is Hoping, and thatched cither with grals or ruflies. Kach log-houfe has three apartments in the inlide. One cud may be faid to be a kind of entry, which extends the whole width and lieight of the hojfc, and teems to be a kind of recep- tacle for their bulky articles, as fledges, harnefs, ^c. This has a communication with their bed apartment, which is in the middle, and is furnillied with broad benches, calculated both for eating and lleeping upon. I A dnor leads from this into the kitchen, almoft half of j which is taken up with an oven, or fire-place; which is ' let into the wall that fcpaiatcs the middle apartment and the kitcUcn, and is fo contlrudcd as to communi- cate the heat to both rooins at the fame time. There arc two lolts over the kitchen and middle apartment, to which the inhabitant.s afcend by a ladder placed in the entry for that purpofe. Each apartment has two Imall windows made of talc, and, among the inferior people, of fi(h-lkin. The boards and beams of their h.ibitations, arc fmoothcd only with a hatchet, for they arc Grangers to the plane ( and the fmokc has rendered them of a deep tliining black. In Kantfchatka, an olfiog is callcil a town, and con- liiUof tcver.d houfes or habitations pf the various kinds above-mentioned. Balagans arcconfidcrably the molt numerous; and it is remarkable that wc never faw a houfe of .my kind that was detached from an oftrog. Ihcieare, in St. Peter and St. Paul, feveii log-houfcs, :.i.ietcen balagans, and thite jourts. Paratounca is nearly of the fame i'vic. Karatchin and Natcheekin liave not fo many log-lioufes as the former, but rather more balagansandjourts; whence it may be concluded that fuch is the moll general fize of an ollrog. The drefs of the Kamtfchadalc om?n having al- ready been defcribed, wc (ball proceed to that of the men. The upper garment refembles that of a wag- goner's frock. If for fummer wear, it Is made of nan- keen; if intended for winter, it is made of a Ikin, (generally that of a deer or dog) having one fide tanned, and the hair prcferved on the other, which is worn in- nermoft. A clofe jacket of nankeen, or fomc other cotton tlutf, is the next under this; and beneath that, ■> thin made of thin Perlian filk, of a red, blue, or yel- low colour. They wear alfo a pair of long breeches, or tight trowfcrs, of leather, reaching below the calt* of the leg. They have likewife a pair of boots, made of dog or deer (kin, with the hair innermoll. They have a fur cap, having two ilaps that are ufually tied up clofe to the head, but arc permitted to fall round the fliouldcrs in bad weather. The fur drefs, which was prcfented by Major Behm's Ion to Captain King, is one of thofc worn on ceremonious occalions by the Toions. It is fiiaped like the cxtorior garment wc have jull defcribed, and com'fts of fmall triangular pieces of fur, chequered brown and white, and fo ingenioufly joined as to appear to be of the fame (kin. A border, of the breadth of fix inches, curioully wrought with dilFerent coloured threads of leather, furrounds the bottom, and produces a rich erted. A broad edging of the fca-ottcr's fkin is fufpcnded to this. The (leeves arc ornamented with the fame materials. An edging of it alfo encircles the neck, and furrounds the open- ing at the breaft. It is lined with a beautiful white (kin. And the prcfent was accompanied with a pair of gloves, a cap, and a pair of boots, executed with the utmoft neatnefs, and compofed of the fame ma- terials. The Ruffians who refidc in Kamtfchatka, wear the European drefs ; and the uniform worn by the troops here, is of a dark green turned up with red. 19- M *-^-- -■ ' ' t ...... -.1. -o , ill ■'• . • '""" -A'.' <1 -.-III ,'••' -.■ bability, at this feafun of the year, of its becoming more favourable to our defigns, were the motives that now induced Captain Cure to abandon fmally all fur- ther fearch for the idnnds fiiuatc to the northward of Japan, and todircfl our courfe to the W. S. W. for the nurthirn part of that iHand. On the 35th, at noon, wc weic in lat. 40 deg. 18 min. and in long. 144 dcg. Flights of wild ducks were this day obfcrvcd by us{ a pigeon lighted upon our riggingi and many fmall Dinls, rcfenibling linnets, flew about the (liips, with a degree of vigour, that gave us rcafon to imagine they had not ticcn lung on the wing. We alfo pafTed a piece cither of bamboo or fugar-fanc, and feveral patches of longgrafs. /I'hefe indications of our being at no great diflancc from land, determined us to try for found'iigs ; but wc could not reach the bottom with 90 fathoms of line. On the approach of evening, the wind gradually veered round to the S. with which wc continued our courfe to the W. S, W. On Tuefday, the :6th,at dny-brcak, we had the fatisfadion of pcr- tei\ing high-land towards the W. which proved to be •Japan. .\t eight o'clock, it was at the diAancc of ten or twelve miles, and extended (Vom .S. by W. to N. W, A low flat cape, which apparently conflituted the fouthern part of the entrance of a bay, bore N. W, three quarters W. Near the S. extremity, a hill of a conic figure .ippcarcd, bearing S. by W; three quarters W. To thcN. of this hill, there .'ce.ncd to be an in- let of very confiderablc depth, the northern fide of whofc entrance is tbrnicd by a low point of land; and, as well as wc were enabled to judge by the alllllance of our glallls, has a fmall illand near it towards the S. Having (lood on till nine o'clock, we had, by that time, approached within five or (ix miles of the land, which bore W. three quarters S. Wc now tacked, and IIockI ofl'; but as the wind failed us, wc had proceeded, at noon, to no greater diflancc than 3 leagues from the ftiorc. This part of the coaft extended from N. W. by N. toS. half K. and was principally bold and clifTy. The low cape above-mentioned, was abou: fix leagues diftant, bearing N. W. by W. and the northern point of the inlet was m the dirdfiion of S. three quarters W. Our lat. by obfervation, was 40 dcg. 5 min. and our long. 142 deg. 28 min. The moft northerly land in view, was fuppofcd by us to be the northern extreme of ^apan. It is fomewhat lower than the other parts ; and trom the range of the elevated lands that were difcerned over it from the maft.hcad,thc cpad manifedly appeared to trend to the wellward. Tbe northern point of the inlet was imagined by us to be Cape Nambu; and we conjcQurcd, tnat the town, which Janfcn calls Nabo, Hood in a break of the high land, towards which the inlet apparently diredcd itfdf. The neighbouring country is ot a moderate elevation, and has a double range of mountains. It is well fumiflicd with wood, and exhibits a variety of pleaftng hills and dales. Wc perceived the fmokc ariung from feveral villages or towns, and faw many houfes in delightful and culti- vated fituations, at a fmall diftance from the fliore. While the calm continued, that wc might lofe no time, we put our (ifliing lines overboard, in ten fa- thoms water, but had no fucccfs. This being the only diverlion which our prefcnt circumHanccs would permit us to ctijoy, wc very fcofibly felt our difappoioiment; and looked back with regret to the cod-banks of the d ifmal regions we had lately quitted, which had furniflied us with to many falutary meals, and bv the amufcmcnt ihcy had alforJcd, given a variety to the tedioui recur- rence of agronomical obfervations, and the wearifome fuccclfion of calms and gales. At two o'clock, P. M. the wind blew frcfli from the S. and, by four, had re- duced us to clofe reefed top-fails, and obliged ui to (land off to the fuuth-ca(tward| in confcquence of which courfe, and the gloomincfs of the weather, we foon loft fight of land. Wc kept on during the whole night, and till eight o'clock the following morning, when the wind fluffing to the N. and becoming mo- derate, we made fail, and fleered a W. S. W. cour.'e, towards the land, which, however, we did not make I'cfurc three in the afternoon 1 at which time it was feen io extend from N. W. half W. to W. The moft nor- therly extremity was a continuation of the elevated lanci, the fouthernmoft wc had obfcrvcd the preceding (lay. Thelandto the weflward, wc conjcAurcd to be the High lable Hill of Janfen, The coaft, between the two extremes, was low, and could fcarcely be per- ceived, except from the maft-hcad. Wc proceeded towards the coaft till eight in the evening, when our ili(lancc from it was about 5 leagues, and having ftior- tened fail for the night, wc fteereil in a foutherly di- rcdion, founding every four houisi but our depth of water wasfo gnat, that we did not find ground with 160 fathoms of line. On Thuifday, the :8th, at fix o'clock A.M. we again faw land, 1 2 leagues to the fouthward of that wc had feen the ilay before, and extended from W. by N. to V\'. S. W. At ten o'cloi k we faw more land in the fame dircOtion. At noon, the northern extremity of the land in view bore N. W. by N. and a [Kaked hill, over a lUip licad-land, was 15 or 16 miles diftant, hearing W. by N. By obfervation, our lat. was 38 deg. 16 min. and our long. 142 deg. 9 min. During the rcmainiierof the ilay, wc continued our courfe to the S. W. ami, at midnight, foiinil our depth of water to l)e 70 latlioins, over a bottom of fine brown fand. Wc therefore hauled up towards the G. till the next morn- ing, when we again had fight of land, eleven leagues to the S. of that wc had feen the preceding day. The ground was low towards the fea, but gradually fwoiled mco hills of a mode -ate elevation. At nine o'clock, the ll; v, that we were reduced to our courfes. i h' fcr, « thr fapne time, ran as high as any of our peopk c\cr ret: (.inber to have feen it. About eight o'clock, in tiiC . vi,>ning,. .10 ,Jfl. 38 |anki of the farniflied lamurcment lioui recur- wearirome , k. P. M. ur, had rc- [igcd ui to L-qucnce of cathcr, we the whole morning, loming mo- |W. courfc, ' not make it waa Tccn mod nor- le elevated preceding tured to be ift, between Jely be per- proceeded ;, when our »ving flior- )utherl>- di- ir depth of round with '^- we again hat we had '. by N. to 'and in the urcmity of naked hill, ilea didant. wasjSdcg. puring the surfc to the of water to fand. \Vc next morn- 1 league* to day. The >lly fwelled nc o'clock, g to the S. a after, wc Jing to the ^er in the . p^jedl* fo imper- ' curiofityi Mrd came ■ As the ;d off to a being ap- ard of her Oi and (he to them I uvres.that increafe ve flwuld lunication thout in- snjciflurcs e burthen on board hoi (led a he braces of black 1 diflance e middle fuppofed, A noon, .n. By :■ •^, ?hat t»i'' fajne UiJtznbef vuning, the la'u Tr^|—-|-- ■p'^ . --|" . . | r ■f-- | " |,| .-, I - t^_i^.,».i^^)^,i M.| , j , ■ ) ■■■■ ,, , 11^ 4' J^rM //'w/ •|U J& 38 30- 3A y / I' r .s J.k'iu/i'ii jy/ij/ieJ (\ . //'iv' 7A'i/,f ,.tf f/u- Ju/ii/j' ^irtris ,A^'/o ■ JiTfi-r/tiKy/^r.KiJiy ■ : tOMt, »t«Mttfi».»B,> t' li>«». - ri»--'»»'<>(y CM I /.l'l ' ' \ .,\K. \ •'•■s. •J-*^ :i'*. 4»li.' **t , #'.*:-.. f Wi; ''-VSS.1-; 'steife- MtMHidi^ ,->■ ,nj. ■«fc 'U «*»*■•■• - - ■ ■-■"'t^' .^^—f.^^^l. ■N.M-tlil. yiim^SfJJtirA lA«id tnrimfKXZ. iiiiiMMr.rru't st'iii'Hrumiiiiil-Ji'i'K ■» ■•» Var 4 hILNvV IJ ■r,-» \ ioiiik I . ./ ..JJtJ «/ ■ COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 6+3 W» n Hir.rrwt the gale, without the fmalleft diminution of violence, Ihifted to the W. and by producing a fuddcn fwell, in a diredtion contrary to that which had before prevailed, caufed our (hips to labour and drain exceedingly. During the ftorm, we had feveral of our fails fplit. They had, indeed, been bent for fo long a time, and were worn fo thin, that this accident had happened lately in both veflcis almoft daily; particularly when the fails were ftiff, and heavy with ram, in which cafe they became Icfs capable of bearing the (hocks of the boifterous and variable winds we experienced occafion- ally. On Saturday, the 30th at noon, we obfcrved in lat. 36 dcg. 41 min. long. 142 dcg. 6 min. In the af- ternoon, the wind Ihifting to the N. E. we ftood to the S. at thediftancc of 18 leaguts from the fliore. On the 3 1 IT, at iwo o'clock A. M. the wind veered round to the W, and blew in violent fqualls, accompanied with lightning and rain. Mondli), November the i ft, the wind (hifted to the S. \i. and was attended with fair weather; in confc- qucnce of which, we obtained, with lour diltcrcnt quadrants, 42 fets of diftances of the moon, from the fun and liars, each fet comprehending fix obfervations. Thcfe nearly coinciding with each other, we deter- mined, at noon, by obfervation, our lat. to be 35 deg. 1 7 min. and our long, with great accuracy, to be 141 deg. 31 min. At two o'clock, we again made land towards the W. diftant i ^ leagues. A hummock to the northward, which had an infular appearance bore N.N. W. half W. Weftecredfor the land till be- tween five and fix, when we hauled our wind to the S. At this time we dcfcried to the wcflward a mountain ot extraordinary height, with a round fummit, riling far in- land. In its neighbourhood the coaft is of a moderate elevation; but, to thcS. of the hummock illand, there appeared at a confulcrable diftance up the country, a ridge of hills, extending towards the mountain, and which might perhaps join it. As the weather, in the morning of the 2nd, had a very threatening appear- ance, and the wind was at vS. S. E. we thought it ad- vifcableto ciuit the ncighliomhood of the lliore, and Hand oil" towards the 1',. that the fliips might not be entangled with tlit land. We were not deceived in cur prognoftitations ; for not long afterwards, a heavy gale began to blow, w'mcIi continued till the next day, and was attended wuh rainy and hazy weather. On Wedncfday the 3d, m the morning, we found omfclvcs by our reckoning, iipwarik of 50 leagues from the coaft; which circumftancc, united to the confidcration ot the very uncommon cfVeot of currents we had already ex- perienced, the advanced period of the year, the vari- able and uncertain ftate of the weather, and the fmall profpcet we had of any alteration for the better, in- duced Captain Gore to form the refolution of leaving Japan, and profecuting our voyage to China: to which fails nuy be addctl; that the coaft of Japan, accord- ing to Kii'mpfer's delcription of it, is the molT danger- ous in all the known world ; that it would have bt-en exceedingly hazardous, in cafe of diftrefs, to have run into any of the harbours of that country; where, if we may credit the moft authentic writers, the averfionof the natives to a communication with ftrangers, has prompted them to the commiflion of the moft flagrant aA* of barbarity ; that our vcfFcls were in a leaky con- dition; that the rigging was fo rotten as to require con- tinual repairs; and that the fails were al molt entirely worn out, and incapable ofwithftanding the vehemence of a gale of wind. As the violent currents, which fet along the eaftcrn coaft of Japan, may perhaps I>e at- tended with dangerous confcquence!. to thofc naviga- tors, whoare not acquainted with their extreme rapidity, we will here fubjoin a fummary account of their direc- tion and force, as remarked by us from the i ft to the 8th of November. On the rft, at the time when we were about 1 8 leagues to the E. of White Point, the cur- rent fetatthc rateof3 milesinan hour.tothc N. E. and by N. On the 2nd, as we made a nearer approach to the Ihore, we obferved, thnt it continued in a ftmilardircc- lion,but was augmented in itsrapidiryto 5 milesanhour. As we rcccdc arrived firft; to condudt the (hip to the Typa, for the fum of 30 dollars, fending word, at the fame time to Captain King, that as Hi could cafily follow with the Difcoverv, that expence might be favcd to him. In k ftiort time afterwards a fecond pilot got on board, and immediately laying hold of the wheel, began to ord«r ■ the fails to be trimmed. This gave rife to a violent altercation, which was at length 644 C*pt. GOOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. length compromircd, by agreeing to divide the money between them. In obedience to the inllru(5tions from the Lords of the Admirslty, it now became neceflary to demand of the officers and men, belonging to both fhips, their journals, and what other papers they might have in their poircffion, relative to the hiftory of the voyage. At the fame time Captain King gave the Dif- covery's people to undcrfland, that whatever papers they widied Ihould not be fcnt to the Lords of the Ad- iniralty, he would feal up in their prcfence, and preferve in his cuftody till the intentions of their Lordlhips, rc- fpcding the publication of the hiftory of the voyage, were accomplilhed, after which, he faid they fliou''l be faithfully reftorcd to thcin. The Captain obfervcs upon this occalion, that it is but doing juftice to his company to declare, that, as to the crew, they were the bell di(- pofed, and the moft obedier' men he ever knew, though the grcateft part of them were .cy young, and had iic ver fervcd before in a fliip of war. The fame propo- fals were made to the people of the Relblution, and in- ftantly complied with. VVe continued working to windward, by the direction of our pilot, till about fix o'clock P. M. when we let go our anchors, he being of opinion, that the tide was now fetting againft us. During the afternoon, we lloud on our tacks, between the Grand Ladrone and the illand of Potoe, having pafled to the ealt of the latter. At nine o'clock we again cart anchor in lix fathoms water j the town of Macao being at the diftanceof 9 or lo miles, in a N. W. diicftionj and the illand of Potoe bearing S. half VV. fcvcn miles dillant. On the id of December, in the morning, one of the Chincfe contradors, called Compradors, came on board, and fold us as much beef as weighed joo weight, toge- ther with a conliderable quantity of greens, oranges, and eggs. In the evening Captain Gore fent Mr. King on ihore to viiit the Poriuguefe Governor, and to re- queft his affirtancc in procuring rcfrclbments, which he thought might be done on inore icafonable terms than the Comprador would undertake to furnilh themj with whom we had agreed for a daily fupply; for which, however, he infilled on our paying him before-hand. Upon Mr. King's arrival at the citadel, the Fort-Major informed him that the governor was lick, and not able to fee company. Having acquainted the Major with his dclire of proceeding immediately to Canton, the for- iiK-r told hiin, that they could not prefume to provide a boat, till ptimiiiioa had been obtained from the lloppo, or olTicer of the cuftoms ; and that it was ne- ( tlfary to apply, for this purpofe, to the Chincfe govern- ment at Canton. When the Captain was returning, the Portuguefc officer, alked him, if he did not mean to vifit the linglifh Kemlemen at Macao? This qucftion pave him inexprellible pliafure. Me proceeded imme- diately to the houle of one of his countrymen; from whom he received information of the French war, and of the continuance »f the Amcriian war; and that five fail of Liiglifli lliips were now at U'ampu, near Canton, in China. The intelligence we had gained concerning the ftate of affairs in Furope, rendered us the more anxious to accelerate our departure as much as we pof- libly co»ild. The firfl thing that claimed the attention of the Commodore, was to |)rovide as well as he could for the general fafety of the people under his command, on their return home. 1 he news of a IVcnch war, with- out letting us know the order ilFued by the King of France in our favour, gave us much concern. Our fhips were ill fitted for war: the decks, fore and aft, being finilhcd Hufh, had no covering for men or offi- cers ; it was therefore thought neceffary to raife a kind of parapet, mufquet-proof, on both decks; and likewife to rtrcngthen the cabins as much as pofliblc in cafe of adien. On Thi(irfday, the 9th, we received an anfwcr from the, Knglilh (upercargoes at {Canton, in which they promiied to exert their moft ftrcnuous endeavours in procuring the fupplies of which wc were in want, with all pofTible difpatch; and that . a pafTport ftiould be fent for one of, our ofticcrki Friday, the loth, an Knglilh mercliant; from ont 9f our Eaft-Indiao fettle- lucati, made application to Captain Gore for the afM- 1 ance of a few of his people, to navigate as far as Can-, ton a veflcl which he had purchafed at Macao. The Gomniodore confidering this as a good opportunity for Captain King to repair to that city, gave orders, that he Ihould take with him his fecond lieutenant, the lieute- nant of the marines, and i o failors. Accordingly, they quitted the harbour of Macao, on Saturday, the 1 1 th » and as they approfiched the BoCca Tygris, which is near 40 miles diftant from Macao, the coaft of China ap- peared to the eaft ward m w hite fteep clifts. Their pro- grcfs being retarded by contrary winds, and the lightncfs of thcvefl'el.theydid not arrive at Wampu, which is only, nine leagues from the Bocca Tygris, till Saturday, the 1 8th. Wampu is a fmall town, off which the Ihips of various nations, who trade with the Chinefe, are lla- tioned, in order to receive their refpedive ladings. At Wampu, Captain King embarked in a Sampanc, or Chincfe boat, the moft convenient for palfcngers that wc ever faw ; and in the evening we reached Canton, and difcmbarked at the Engliih Fadory, where the Cap- tain was received with every mark of civility and re- fped. MclTrs. F'ltzhugh, Bevan, and Rapier, compo- Icd, at this time, the Seled Committee j and the tOr- mer of thefe gentlemen adied as prciidcnt. They im- mediately gave the Captain an inventory of thofe llores with which the Eaft-lndia ftiips were able to fupply us, and he had the pleafure to find, that they were ready to be ftiippcd, and that the provifions we might have occafion lor might be had at a day's notice. Being de- lirous of making our ftay here as lliort as poUible, the Captain requelled, that the gentlemen would endea- vour to procure junks for us the next day; but we were foon convinced by them, that patience is an indifpen. fable virtue in China. After the Captain had waited feveral days for the iffue of his negotiation with the Chinefe, and was confidering what Itepshc ihould take, the commander of a country Ihip prcfentcd him with a letter from Captain Gore, whereby he was informed of that Commander being engaged to bring our party from Canton, and to ilclivtr our liijiplies, at his own hazard, in the Typa. All ditlicultits being thus re- moved, Captain King had leifure 10 bcflow lonie attin- tion on thepurcha(i:ot our llores and provifions, which he complet;'d on .Sunday, the 26th, and, on the follow- ing day, the whole ftock was conve)ed on board. As Canton was likely to be the moft advantageous market for furs, the Commodore had dclired Ca|)tain King to take with him .ibout 20 iktos of fe.-uotteis; moft ot which had been the property of our deceafed Com- manders; and to difpufe of them at the bcft price he coukl obtain. The Englilh fupercargoes being informed of thefe circumftanccs, they diredul him to a member of the Hong (a fociety of the principal merchants of the city) who being fully a()priliMl of the nature of the bulinefs, feemcd to be lenliblc of the delicacy of the Captain's lituation, and therefore allured him, that, in an aii'air of this kind, he Ihoukl confider himfelf as a mere agent, without fceking any profit for himfelf. The ikins being laid before this merchant, he examined them over and over again with particuJar attention ; and at laft informed Captain King, that he could not think of olVering more than joJ dollars for them. As the Captain knew he had not offered one half of their value, he, therefore, in his turn, demanded 1000 dollars; the Chincfe merchant then advanced to five, and, at length to 7CX3 dollars; upon which the Captain lowered I'liii demands to 900. tiere, each of them declaring that he \vould not recede, they |>arted 1 buc the Chinefe fpcc. dily returned, and propol'cd linaliy, that they Ihould di- vide the ditrerence, which the Captain agreed to, and received jjoo dollars. .I'he fubfequent remarks, rela- tive to Canton, were collected by Captain King, from the intelligence which he received from feveral FJialifli gentlemen, who had rclided a long time near that city. Canton, containing the old and new town, with the fuburbs, is about 10 miles in circumference. The num. bcr of its inhabitants, as near as ran be computed, may be from iqo to 1 50,000. lixclulive of whom there ara 40,000 who rcfidc conftantly in fcorge.s, called Sampj- _ JCi, ICi, .^At I-- l^i^ H^ i^i^^^iSrii^i^?^^- -Wfl^'.* »r .V'''.--M- .IW" \ ■ - ;. ■ J r.. * It: ^, • »*V,"- t*5B. IftlP!^* tit^ m i l i uSii mm ■^'*. ^ COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGK— To tlic PACli'iC OCEAN, &c. 64, res, or floating-houfcs upon the river. They arc moored in rows clofe to each other, with a narrow paHage, at intervals, for the boats to pafs up and down the river. The ftreets of this city arc long, narrow, and deflitutc of uniformity. They are well paved with large, Hones, and, in general, kept extamcly clean. The houfcsarc built of brick, and are only one (lory high. They have, for the mod part, two or three courts backwards, in which are ercded the warehoufcs for the reception of merchandize j and, in the houfcs within the city, are the apartments for the females. Some of the meaner fort of people, though very few, have their habitations eompoled of wood. Thofc that belong to the European fii(5lors, arc built on a fine quay, having a regular facade of two (lories towards the river. 'I'hey are conflruCted, with refpcct to the infide, partly after the Chincfe, and partly after the European mode. Adjoining to them are a confi- derablc number of houfcs which belong to the Chincfe ; and are let out by them to the commanders of velfels, and to merchants, who make only an occalional rtay. As no European is permitted to take his wife with him to Canton, the Englilh fu[)crcargoes live together at one common tabic, which is maintained by the Com- pany, and each of them has alfo an apartment appro- priated to himfelf, conlifling of three or four rooms. l"he period of their relidence rarely exceeds eight months in a year; and as, during that time, they are almoin conrtantly employed in the fcrvice of the Com- pany, they may fubmit, with the Icfs uneafmcfs, to the rcftri->ions under which they live. They ftldom make any vilits within the walls of Canton, except on public occaiions. Nothing contributed more to give Captain King an unfavourable opinion of th'. Chincfe, than his finding that feveral of them who had rclided in that country for near i 5 fucccdivc years, had never formed any focial connection or friendllup. W'licn the lalt fliip departs from Wampu, they arc all uinicr the ncccility of retiring to Macao; but tlu y leave bcliiiul ihcm all the money they polFefs in i'pccie, which, Mr. Kin;^ was in- formed, fometimcs aiudinits to 1 00,003 1. lUrling, and for which they have no otlv.r feiurity than the ilals of the Viceroy, the Mandarines, and the merchants of the Hong: a llriking proof of the excellent police main- tained in China. During our continuance at Canton, Mr. King ac- companied oneof the Eiiglilli gcntkincii on a vilit to a perfon of the firll dilHnction in the |)l.Ke. 1 hey were re- ceived in a long room or gallery, at the further end of which a table was placed, with a large chair behind it, and a row of chairs extending troni it, on both lides, down the room. The captain having been previoufly inltmCted, that the point of politenels coiililted in re- maining unfeatcd as long as polliliie, readily llibmitted to this piece of ctuiuctte; .itier which he and his friend were treated with tea, and fome iVelh anil preferved fruits. Their entertainer was very corpulent, had a dull heavy countenance, and difplayed gieat gravity in his »kportmciu. 1 !e hail learned to fpeak a little broken Englilh and I'ortugue/.i-. After his two guells h^id taken thei^r rcfrelhmcnt, he conducted them ihout his houfc and garden; and when he had Iheun them all the im- provements he was makin;;, they took their leave. The Captain being delirous of avoiding the trouble and delay that miglit attend an application for palf- ports, as well as ot faving the uniiecclVary cxpence of hiring a fann)ane, whi.hhe was iiilonned amounted at ka(l to I 2 pounds nerling, had hiiherro deligned to go along with the liipplies to M.icao, in the country mer- chant's Ihip we mentioiKil betorc : bur receiving an in- vitation fiom two I'.iiglilh gcntlcnini, who had found means to procure palVpoits lor four, he accepted, toge- ther with Mr. Phillips, their oiler of places in a Chincfe boat, and imiurted Mr. l.;inn\o'i with the fuperin- tendancc of the men and llores, which were to fail the follow iiig day. On Suiuliv, the 26th, in the evening, Captain Knig •took his leave of the fupercargoes, alter having returned them thanks for their many favours; among which muft be mentioned a piefcnt of a conlidcrabic quantity of No. 79. tea, for the ufe of the companies of both lliips, and a copious collcdion of Englilh periodical publication^. The latter proved a valuable acquifition to us, as they not only fervcd to beguile our impatience, in the profe^ cution of our tedious voy.age homewards, but alfo ena- bled us to return not wholly unacquainted with what had been tranfaifting in our native country during our abfcncc. On the 27th, at one o'clock in the morn- ing, 1 lefTrs, King and Phillips, and the two Englilh gentlemen, quitted Canton, and, about the fame hour of the fuccecding day, arrived at Macao, having pa(l<:d down a channel lituated to the well of that by which wc had come up. In the abfence of our party from Macao, a brifk traf- fic had been carrying on with the Chincfe for our fca- otter-fkins, the value of which had augmented every day. One of our failors difpofcd of his ftock, alone, for 800 dollars ; and a ftw ot the belt Ikins, which were clean, and had been carefully preferved, produced 120 dollars each. The total amount of the value, in goods and cafli, that was obtained for the furs of both our veflels, we are confident was not Ids than 2,oool. fter- ling; and it was the general opinion, that at leaft two- thirds of the quantity we had originally procured from the Americans, were by this time fpoilcd and worn our, or had been bellowed as prefents, and othervvife dif- pofed of in Kamtfchatka. If, in addition to thcfe facts, we conlider, that we at firfl: collcdcd the furs without having juft ideas of their real value j that molt of them had been worn by the favagcs from whom we purchafcd them ; that little regard was afterwards llicw n to their prefervation ; that they w ere frequently made ufe of as bed-clothes, and likewife tor other purpofes, during our cruife to the northward ; and that, in all probabi- lity, wc never received the full value for them in C:hinaj the l)enelits that might accrue from a voyage to that '■lart of the American coaft where we obtained them, undertaken with commercial views, will certainly ap- pear of fuiiicient importance to claim the public atten- tion. So great was the rage with which our feamcn were polleired to renurn to Cook's River, and there procure another cargo of (kins, by which they might be enabled to make their fortunes, that, at one time, they were alnioll on the point of proceeding to a mu- tiny. And Captain King acknowledges, that he could not refrain from indulging himfelf in a projed, which was lirll fuggelted to him by the difappointnient wc had met with in being compelled to leave the Ja- pancfe .Archipelago, as well as the northern coaft of China, unexplored ; and he is of opinion, that this ob- jcfl may Hill be happily attained, by meansof our Eaft- IndiaCompany, not only with triHing cxpence, but even with the profpeiit of very benelicial confequcnccs. The Hate of aifairs at home, or perhaps greater difRcultics in the accomplilliment of his plan than he had forcfeen, have hitherto prevented its being carried into execu- tion; but, as the fchcmc fcems to be well contrived, the reader will not be difpleafed with our infcrting it here. In the firll place, Captain Kingpropofcs, that the Eaft- India Company's China fhips fliould, each, carry an ad- ditional number of men, making too in the whole. Two vcUels, one of :03 tons, and the other of 1 50, might, with proper notice, (as Mr. King was informed) be purchafcd at Canton; and, as victualling is as cheap there as in Europe, he has calculated that they might be completely equipped for tea, with one year's provi- lions and pay, for the fum of 6,oool. including the purchafe. The cxpence of the requilitc articles fi^r barter Is very inconfiderable. Captain King particularly recommends that each of the Ihips llioulil have a forge, five tons of unwrought iron, and a ikilful fmith, with an apprentice and jour- neyman, who might occafionally inakc fuch tools, as the Indians ihould appear to have the grcatefl inclina- tion tor poireiring. I'or, though half a dozen of the linell (kins, obtained by us, were purchafcd w ith twelve large green glafs beads, yet it is very certain, that the fancy of thele people, for ornamental articles, is ex- tremely capricious and variable ; and that the onlv fure 8 \ comnio- 646 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLEtfe. commodity for their market is iron. To this might bcadtlcit levcral bales of coarfc woollen cloth, two of three HarrcU of glafs and copper trinkets, and a few •grofs of targe pomted cafe-knives, Me then propofcs, chat two vcfTcIs, not only for the greater fecurity of the vdynge, but becaufe (ingle (hips ought never, in his opi- nion, to be fcnt out for the purpolc of difcnvery. lor where rili|ucs are frequently to be run, and uncertain and dangerous experiments tried, it can by no means be expected that tingle fliips Ihould venture fo far, as where fome fecurity is provided agaiiilt an unfortunate actidtnt. When the (nips are prepared for fea, they w ill fail with the firft S. W. munloon, which ufually fcts in about the comincnccnKntofthc month of April. Ihey will lU-cr a iwrihward courle, with this wind, along the Chinefe coalV, beginning to make a more ac- curate furvcy from the mouth of the Nnnkin livtr, or the river Kyana, in the tit>.,, {...-i.-.l .1-1-K ■ ■■•. r.: /. . V '■.'-■'• ' J •- ■ ■• ;; - ■) cj ;. f f>.gi J...) trcmely ragged in their apparel \ for, a« the voyngc had now exceeded, almoft by a year, the rime it was at lirll fuppofed we Ihould continue at fea, the far greater part of our original (lock of 'uiropean clothes had been Kmjr ago wornour, or repairci. and patched up with (kin«' and thcdilfcrent manufiiiUircs we had met with in the courfc of the expcditiiin. Thefe were nBW mixed and eked out with the gayeft lilks and cottons that China could pnxluce. On the {oib, being Friday, Mr. Lannyon vrUed with the (lores and pnnvilions, which, without delay, were (lowed in due projwrtion on board both the (hips. While in the Tvpa, Captain King was (hewn, in the garden of an Kngliih gentleman, at Mnc.10, the roi k, under which, according to traditional accotinti, Ca- moens, the celebrated I'ortuguefe poet, was accultomcd to (it and compofe his l,u(iad. It is an arch of conli- dcrable height, confiding of one (olid ftone, and (orm- ing the entrance of a grotto dug out of the elevated ground behind it. Iflrge Ipreading trees overlhadow the rock, which commands a beautiful and cxtenfivc profpectof the fea, and the illands difperfed about it. During our contmuaiice in the Typa, we heard nothing with reipeCt to the mcafiiremcnt of the (hipsi we may therelbre reafonably concluile, that the pomtlodrongly contcllcd, in Commoilore Anfon's time, by the Chinefe, has, m confequencc of his firiiinefs and rcfolution, ne- ver (ince been inlifted on. By the obfervations made while our veHcls lay here, the harbour of Macao isfitu- atcd in the lat of :: deg. 1 2 min. N. and the long, of 1 1 ( dcg. 47 min. 1".. our anchoiing place, in the Ty'pa, in lat. 2 2 deg. <) min. 20 fee. long. 1 1 j dcg. 48 min. 34 fee. K. It was high water in the Typa, on the full and change days, at a quarter alter live o'clock; and in the harliour of Mac.w, at fo minutes pall five: the greateft rile was (ix feet one inch. We (hall Conclude thefe remarks,and thischapter, w ith the prices of lulwur, and a lew articles of provilions in China. Pricks of I.AnocR and Provisionis at CANTON. £. S.D. A Coolec, or Porter - - _ . o o 8 • Per Day A Taylor -----__oo j and rice A Hundicraftfman - . . . o o 8 ditto A common Labourer from 3d. to 5d. per day. A VN'oinan's labour conliderably cheaper. I- •!•'• A Butter - - - - -. --o a 44 Per Catty lJcc( - - - - - » - - .0 o 2^ ori8c«. Calf- -----.-.I 5 91 each Ducks --..-....005; PcrCatty Ditto, wild ------_oio« each F^^gs .-----.. .o-zo Per icx3 hogs ------__oo 6vPcrC:atty Fowls, Ciipons, &:c. - - --o o 74 ditto (Jeefe -.--....006' ditto Hanj ........ .0 I 2| ditto Hog, alive 00 4 j ditto Kid, ditto - - o 4i ditto i^'lk -- o o i I ditto Pork - - _ - > 007^ ditto Pig - - - o o 5j ditto Pheafanfs ._--...o<;4 each Partridges o o y { ditto Pigeons ------..0051 ditto Rabbits .-..--..014 ditto Sheep .^6 8 ditto Spices -•.-^---.oI6 8 Per Catty Soy .... _- - _ . .0 o 14 ditto Samfui ditto .. _.._oo 2j ditto Turtle ^\' ' " • ■ - - o i.'. ditto ..-.'•, ,j i.'. ;.'j;,i,_>. 1, . .u ■...». ;.-. . :.i ;.■:{ (i :;vj 3..1 f.',' I', ;,-.i\«'i»- -.-J ;,.. ^ ,r ■■'■ .. .{. -*; Z'.'' \r"^-',.r. j> :■ ■ .■ .It' .'1^,-;-.»n vrt'-H- •,•...■•■ f» H- ■' H ■ '1 '' - ^ i' * ■• "% -'# ■ .' ?."••• '.L : ': - v-rr»'.u; j» / .■',• -.,;.•• r. ' .ijj, .. m.' • T"' r.' f.aa j-^j J..;,?.i, . .j. .7/ Zi yh .•.,„■; j-.-j.-., .. .., l: 'v'. jvhi 0(U!?.i) ■■: Sir .^r .' '• -{ ;-( •{ ? ,:-:i:..j jciJ •.si • •.w COOK'9 THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, ficc. 647 fC had Jit (irH |r part i!t, •'-' IKItH, Jin the |rm- •vat«l liadow [cnlivc "It it. ithing may rongly linclc, 1, nc- mado sfitu- inr. of Mpa. in. •,+ II and nd in the •elude ilnjur. 4,m I J«i^»v J, 'IT»rt 'M\. ••*.•»' C H A 1». XXI. >K''iiiiri ii'»;i ii>i Ji'i'. !(lrri' Ttio m.irincrs hdonj^ing to the Rrfnliilkii make off tcilh ihepx-oarfd cntleV-^Titfcnfiblt fiale of the tWDjhips — thYy ittimwr an J leitZT the Typa — Order f of the French Court rHntive lo Captain Cook—Pafs Pu/o Saialra, mul aiifhor in the harlxmr of Pulo CoiiJore — Traiifaf/inns, mi J inridents durinj^ ourjiay — A mandirhie vifitt llf Jbipi — Informalion received front hhn—ReJYrnicr for the dcfcripilok of Pulo Comiore, and olhr ijlaml< lo ibefirft and fecond Hijhries of (.'aptiiin (Jook's Ftyaf^es — Prefrnts to the MiViJitrln^ aitd the bi/hop of /Idran — Aflrono, vcaiand nautical ohferval ions — Departure of the RrfoUitm and Difcoirryfrom Pulo Comhre— -Enter tbejiniitt of Banco- -Defcription of the country ihaliordcfs tbereon-'- Enter the llviiils of Siinda—Mr. IP'illiumfon fent on hoard a Dutch fi>ip,o procure intelligence— -The two fbips anchor at Cracal 111— That Wand dcfcrihd — Proceed to Princes //land — Unhealthy effeds of the climate of Java — A fuddtn florm — V/C(r for the Cape of Good Hope— Anchor in Simon's Bay— A vijit to l/je governor — An account of Falfe Bay, iS'imon'f Bay, Nonh's Ark, and Seal //land — Set fail fr.r England; and /land to the weft of the ijlands of Afienfionand St. Helena — Difiy the tveUern coafl of Ireland, and endeinonr, in vain, to get into Port dalzvax — Steer to the north of Irtvis fjland — Doihlhipsanrl.f, the two ends, and the fide fronting the country, are neatly conftruded of reeds ; the oppofite fide, facing the fea, is entirely open; but, by means of a kind of bamboo fcreens, they can exclude or let in as much of the fun and air as. they pleafc. They were conduded to the largefl houfc, where the chief, or captain, as they called him, refided, but he wasabfent, or would not be fcen; therefore no purchafes could, ns they faid, be made. At two o'clock, in the afternoon, they returned to the (hips ; as did likcwife feveral of our fhooting parties from the woods, about the, and aildrellld to the Captaini ol any European lliips that may touch at Condorc. 1 loni this letter, and thf whole of Luco's convcrfation, the Madarin, we h.id little doubt, that the velfel he ex- pcv:teil was a I'rcnc li one. We found, at the fame time, that he wiis deliious of not loling his errand, and was not unwiliin;'; to lietome our pilot. We could not ■lilcover from him the prctife bulinefs which the (hip lie was waiting for dcligiu\i to profecute in Cochin China. W'c lliall only add, that he act|uainied ur, that the IVench vclllls might ()erhaps have touched at 'l"ir- non, and from thence fail to Cochin-China ; and as no iiUelligciHe \\m\ been rcceivcil, he imagineil that this was moll likely to have been the cafe. Captain (>ure alterward.s eiuiuired, what ftipplies could be piocureil tiom this illaiul. Luio replied, he had two buffaloes belonging to him, which were at our fervice, and that conliik-Lililc numlK-rs of thole animals might be pur- chafed for lour or fne dollars each. We had purchafed eight of thefe animals ; and on the :.id, early in the morning, the launches of both lliips were difpatchtd to the town to hi.iig them away, but our people were much at a lol's to brm-^ them on bo.iid. Alter confult- ing with the Mandarin, it was determined, that they fliouK! be driven tluough the wood, and o\tr the hill, down to the bay, wlieie our two Captains had landed. This |;ljn was accoidingly executed; but the untradta- blenels, and amazing Ihength of the animals rendered it a (ic.v and difficult operation. The HKxie of coiulucU ing thcin wa.s, by putting ropes through their nollrils, and round their horns; init when they were once en- lagcd at the figlit of our |>eople, they became fo furi- ous, that they lomciimes tore aliinder the cartilage of the noilril, throtigii which the ropes palFed, and let thcr, ll-lves at liberty; at other times they broke i!ie tri.cs, to which it was lound necellary to fallen them. CJn fu^h occallons, all the ciuieasours of our men, for the recovery of them, would have been unfuccefsful, without tlic aid of foiiie little l>o)s, whom the burtii- loes woulil futllr to approach, and by whofc puerile inanagements their rage was quickly appeafedj and when brought down to the beach, it was by their aflill- aiv:c, in twilling ropes about their legs, in the manner they Were directed, that our people were enabled to throw them ilown, and, by that means, to get them into the boatu ; and, a circumllance \ery lingular, they had jiot been a whole day on board, before they were as tame as poflible. Captain King kept a male and a female for a conliderable time, which became great l.ivourites w ith the feamcn. Thinking a breed of ihcfe animals, fome of which weighed, when drefl'ed, 700 pounds, would be an acijuilition of fome value, he in- tended to have brought them with him to England; but that delign was irulhated by an incurable hurt which ( ne ol them rei eived at fea. Belides the butfalocs, of which there are (evcral large herds in this ifland, we purchafed from the natives fome remarkably tine fat hogs, of the C;hinefe breed. We procured three or four ol the wild Ibrt ; fevcral of whole tracks were feen in the woods; which,allbal)ound with inohkcysand fquir- rtis, but folliy, that it was ditlicult to lliooi them. Here wc found the cabbage-trcc, and other fucculcnt greens, with which our people made very free without alking queftions. Two wells of excellent water had been dif- covercd, in confequencc of which part of the compa- nies of both fliips had been employed in providing a cuinpecent fupply of it. Our numerous fubilribers will a;*^ : ■ I- ■ ■ ■ < ,,,'. •■,.' ,', be pleafed to recollei!!, that in our hiftory of Captain Cook's firlt and fecond voyagcn, wc have given a con- cifc, though comi)rchcnrivc account of I'ulo Condorc, Celebes, .Sumatra, Java, the Philippine, l.adroncs, and, in ihort, all the pnncipal illand.i in the Indian Scat it therefore only now remains, during the remainder of our paUagc home, wKh a viewof elkblifliingthc credit and rcputationof this work, and of rendering it the molt complete undertaking of the kind extant, to mention a few particulars that came under our own obfcrvation, and which niay be reckoned as improvements iince the labours of former compilers, or the expeditions of prior navigators. I'ulo Condorc fignilies the ifland of Calabaflies, its name being derivcil from two Malay woixls, Pulo, im- plying an illand, anil Condorc, a Calabalh, great quan- tities of which fruit arc produced hcie. Among the vegetable improOcmcnts of thi ; illand, mr' be reckoned the fields of rice that we obferved; alU) cocoa-nut», pomegranates, oranges, (liaddocks, and various forts of pompions. Wc continued at this harbour till the 28th, when the little Mandarin took leave ofusj at which time the Commodore gave him, at his requeft, a letter of recommendation to the Commanders of any other vclfels th-it might put in here. He *alfo bellowed on him a handfomc prefcnt, and gave him a letter for tho bilhop of Adrian, together \*ith a telcfcope, which he defiled might be iirelentcd to him as a compliment for the favours we had received, through his means, at I'ulo t'ondoic. The latitude of the harbour is 8 deg. 40 min. N. and its longitude, deduced from many lunar oW»t- vations, 106 deg. 1 8 mm. 46 kc. K. At full and change of the moon it was high water at 4 h. 15 m. apparent time; after which the water continued for 12 hours, without /ny jicrceptiblc alteration. The tranfition from ebbing to How ing was very quick, being in lefs than five minutes. The water rofe and fell fcven feet four inches perpendicular. ' On 1 riilay, the ?8th, wc unmoored, and cleared th« harbour. On the 30th, at one o'clock, V. M. wc had light of Pulo Timnan, and at five, Pulo Puill'ang wai {cvn in the diredion of S. by K. three quarters E. At nine o'clock, we had, from the eHrtt of fome csrrent, out-run our reckoninjj, and found mirfelvcs clofe upon Pulo Aor, in the lat. of 2 deg. 46 tnirt N. long. 1 04 deg: J7 min. E. in ccinfequence of whic^i we hauled the wind to the E. S. E. This courfe we profecuted till mid- night, and then Ikcred S. S. E. for the (Irait^of Banca. On Tuelilay, the 1 (1 of February, we obfervcd in lat. I deg. 2omin. N. and our long, by anuinberof funarob- fervat ions, wc found to he 1 05 deg. K. Towards fiin-fet,wc had a view of Pulo Panjang; at which time our lat. was 5,j min. N. On the 2d, wc pafTcd the ftraits of Sunda; and, at noon, we came in light of the fmall iflands known by the name of Dominis, Iving off the eaftcrn pan of Lingen. At one o'clock, P. M. Pulo Taya nwde its appearance in the diredion of S.W. by W. dilhnf.7 le.igues. On the ;jd, at day-break, wc had fight of the three iflands ; and, not long afterwards, faw Monopin Hill, in the illand of Banca. Having got to the W. of the llioal, named Frederic Endric, we entered the ftraits of Banca, and bore away toward* the S. On the 4th, in the morning, wc proceeded down the ftraits with the tide; and, at noon, the tide beginning to make againft us, wc cart anchor, at the diftancc of about one leagutf from what is denominated the Third Point, on theSumaJ tra ftiorc; Monopin Hill bearing N. 54J deg. W. and our lat. being 2 deg. 22 min. S. long, 105 deg. 38 min. E. At three in the afternoon wc weighed, and conti- nued our courfe through the ftraits with a gentle brefte. Jn palling thefe ftrait.'i, ftiips may make a nearer ap.* proach to the coaft of Sumatra than to that of Qanca. On Sunday, the 6th, in the morning, we palTcd to the'. W.of Lufeparaj and at five o'clock, P. M. wedefcried the Sifters, in the direction of S. by W. half W. At fcven wc cart anchor three leagues to the northward of thofc iflands. On the 7th, at five o'clock, A. M. w«' w eighcd,.and in three fioUrs afterwards wc were in figh't of the Sifters. Thefe arc two illands of very fmaH er- tcnt, plentifuUj' ftockcd with wood, and fituatcd in 50 ipum con- >dorc, • and, cai it Icr of ;rcdic ' molt ion a 'ticiii, :e the prior COOK'S THIRD an«l LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, 6cc. 649 «i(T. S. iRt. and in long. 106 ilcg. u min. They lie nearly N. and S. from each other, cncompafTed by a reef of coral rotks. At noon, we had (if;ht of the idandof Java; and alwut four in the afternoon, we perceived two vifllliin the llraits of Siinda; one of which lay at anchor near the mid-channel illand, the other nearer the fliore of Java. On the Hth, about eight o'clock in the morning, wc weighed, and pro- ceeded through ihcflraitii of Sunda. On Wcdncfday the 9th, between ten and eleven, Captain King was or- dered by the Commodore to make fail towarils a Dutch vcflel, that now came in light to the fouthward, which we imagined was from Kuropej and. according to the nature of the information that might be obtained from her, cither join him at Cracatoa, or to proceed to the fouth-eallern extremity of Prince's ifland, and there provide a fiipniyof water, and wait for him. In com- pliance with tlufe inllruilions Captain King bore down towards the Dutchman i and on the loth, in the inorn- Ing, Mr. Williamfon went on board herj white he was inlormcd, that Ihe had been fevcn months from lui- rope, and thicc Irom the Cape ol Ciood Hope ; that, before her departure, the kings of France and Spain had declared war apainlV his Britannic Majefty ; and that flic had left Sir lid ward Hughes at the Cape with a fqua- atcd in the lat. of J4 des. lo min. S. and its long, is I H deg. 29 min. E. In fleering for the harbour, along the wcftern fliorc, there is a fmail flat rock, known by the name of Noah's Ark| and about a mile to the N. caftward of It, afe othcra, denominated the Roman Rocks. Thefe are a mile and a half diftant Oom the anchoring placet and either to the northward of them, or iKtwccn them, there is a fafe palTage into the bay. When the N. wefterly gales are fet in, the navigator, by the following bearings, will be dircdied to a lecure and convenient uation : Noah's Ark S. 5 1 deg. E. and the center of the hofpital S, cj deg. W. in 7 fathoms water. But if the S. eiidcrly winds Ihould not have ccafcd blowing, it ismoreadvifcable to remain farther out in 8 or 9 fathoms wttet. The bottom confilli of fami, and the anchors, before they get hold, fettle confi- dcrably. About two leagues to the eaft ward of Noah's Ark, Hands Seal inand,whorc fouthern partis faid to be dangerous, and not to be approached, with fafety, nearer than in 22 fathoms water. On Tuefday the 9th of May, lignal was made for un- mooring, and, about noon, we tooK our departure from Simon's Bay. Wc had now provifions, live (lock, wa- ter, and naval (lores, aboard in great plenty : alfo healthy CFcuk, in high fpirits, wifliing for nothing but a fair wind to (liortcn our pa(rage home. On the 14th, we got into the S. E. trade wind, and ftood to the W. of the idandsof Afcendon and St. Helena. Wednefday, the J t ft, we were in lat. 1 2 deg. 48 min. S. long. 1 5 d(^. 40 min. W. On Saturday the lothol June, the Dif- (ovcry'sttoat brought us word, that, in cxercifing her gicut Qtins, the car|Kntcr's mate had his arm (battered in a (hocking manner, by part of the wadding being left in after a former difchargc; another man was (lightly Nuiundcd at the fame time. On the i zth, it began to blow very hard ; and continued fo till the next day, w hen wc rrolTed the line to the nonhward. for the fourth time during our voyage, in the long, of 26 deg. 16 inm. W. On Saturday the 12th of Auguft, we dcfcried the weftem coaft of Ireland, and endeavoured in vain to get into Port Galwiiv, but were compelled by violent loutherly winds, to llaiul to the N. The wind con- tinuing in the fame quarter we made the illand ut l.ewis. On Tuefday, the ^and, about eievten o'cjock A. M. both (hipicame to anchor at Strc^mnefs in Scotland: from whence the Commodore lent Captain King to inform the I.ords of the Admiralty of our arrival. On the 30th, we arrived oft' Yannouth, in company with his NIajefty's floopt of war the Hy and Aldcrney. Our boats were immediately fent on diore for provi- fions, and for a fpare cable f«r our (mall bower, that wc had being nearly worn aut. On (he 4th of O^bcr, 1 780. the Refolutioo and Difcovery reached thf Noire in fafct/t and, on the 6(h, dropped anchon at Deptford I having been abfcnt four years, three months, and two days. It is very extraordinary, that in fo long and hazardous a voyage, the two (hipa never iotl fight of each other for a day together except twice i the firft tinw, owii^ to an accident that happened to the Difcovery oif the coaft of Owhyheci the (econd, to the fogs they met with at the entrance of Awatflca Bayi a llrikii>g proof of the (kill and vigilance of the fubaltem olficers. Aim^ ther circumftance, no leb remarkable, is, the uncoro. mon healthinefsofthe companies of both (hips. Whc* Captain King quitted the Uifcovery at Stromneft, he had the fatis(ai^iion of leaving the whole crew in per<, fcct health: and, at the fame time, the number of fick (Krfona on board the Refotution did not exceed two or three, only one of whom was incapable of fervice. In the whole courfeof the voyage, the Refotution loft n« more than (ive men by ficknnsj the Difcovery not one. A ftridl attention to the excellent regulations cfta. bliftied by Captain Cook, with which our readers have been made acquainted, and tlic ufe of that excellent metlicine, Peruvian bark, may juftly be deemed the chief caufc*, under the blcHmg of an all-dirci^g Providence, of this extraordinary fucccfs. ( •• • : •I It I' !i ^ -t •;:■ ''^, ••I . s- 1 '■•.<«'-h • f' ll'^ fi ■if ..■ . ft '» . '■ ; ' •* > "I' . "> •■> V < «. , '» • CT ■- ■ I . ■ ;i ■»!*■ n 1 I'. ■ ■«»/,. '■..^*, !' r . I : r . ■ -.* 11 /'V'> 1 •u ' • ' J, '.v ; ,' ■ JOURNAL ^■''!'- ^ ' . " — ■ ■^— rr- — — K^ COOK'i THIRD 104 LAST VOYAGE— To the PAgiFiC OCEAN, fcc. 6|& > m vain to by violenc wind con- illand ut kKk A. M. I Scotland : n King to irrival. n company d Aldcrney. for provi- wcr, that wc blution and on the 6th( abfcnt four id hazardous each other time, owing (very off the ^ they mec rikiftg proof fken. AiM^ the unconw hipi. Whe* romnefa, he :rew in per- imber offick tcccd two or fervicc. In ution loft n» very not one. ilations cfta. reader* have hat cxccUera deemed the alUdirciUing { I ,'» , ti ' .. ' ?('►.■ -.'„ f'f '.'■'/ > U R N A L H'?- -VfJ 1 ■ J- \':l,:lO..P3 NAL o* THE ROUTi; • •; H •ii A <.!<.)< I*""?' J- . I ^M^ • - > i',.'/ /,..>■ '!t.ii...» (' ■'^•|>—''*~- >i^w.Vj ifu'^ > i*.t: .||w, ..ji i >'...-i!(»,|i 9v.i . . ., o ' TH * I, , • . • i, » *' RESOLUTION and DISCOVERY, „,...U-hi.>;:.. ■:;,t;5:, ■)»:,::,■:■"■■: ■'..■in;-. :•'■ i-:«h.;., ^) Including the LatitudO| Longitude, and the Variation of the Ck>mpaf8. . ••r.^ rn .■•M'4 » Ki»n. • • • f»l . ! . limJq rJMJtUi* t «. . ♦ / ") • }i ■ 11 t) 2J 00 J« n tj 29 »3 33 \^ 1 40 01 »5 »? ■.T., * + 1 0+ 28 ,- 24 00 , 9 4» »7 30 7 '•■40 H 5'' U IJ »4 45 II 4? J7, J4 3' H 00 12 4.6 2q1 J7 26 00 U 47 'f 40 48 16 1 ; '4 47 ♦*. 44 "5 :^ 48 14! 48 I6i }i 00 48 42 ?' ■' :^ 48 18 (A 6 ** iU 56 43 >9 4li 16 59 20 10 4« 27 62 41 21 48 27 65 53 J2 48 18 66 20 »3 4« }<" 67 20! »♦ 48 It w 3; *S 4« 4' fig II '7 44 From Krrguclen'> Lot J 10 \'iii Dirmens l.iml. t.iiiiuac Lone.2q 4« 51 6i) V) 30 49 8 7" .) + 3' t'J >9 73 •'■ '777- !«. . 4tt 37 77 +' 2 4H 20 ho 50 3 4X '7 «4 ' + 4 4» 91 88 jo 5 4^ 4! 9' »). 6 47 59 93 ^0 7 47 43 95 '8 8 +7 37 99 " 9 47 56 lOi j6 10 4H 20 lOfl 14 II 4« 16 109 6 11 4» 40 110 2t> 'i t» 6 112 ? '4 47 '9 HJ 2!* «5 4<» »3 120 7 16 45 ■ 2 124 2) ' »7 44 18 118 12 ■•: iH 44 J3 IJI 18 . ,''. •'■ t3 5', '34 .*') lo 43 33 1 |.r' '>.' Si M *3 141 vb 2" 1.5 51I '13 1 ».f f3 4'1 '++ -7 »4 KJ 47 U7 »; « 4»} '^7 '4 »ti f3 J3i 117 4» V.„ul. Weil. !3 24 3^ 47 30 1 + !; 20 'i 37 '7 34 9 o 'J O 1 o 3 o Friim Advrnrure Bay, Van DU- mcn'i LanJi to N'cw Zealand. Jan. J I t7tb. I i Ljliiu^ctTonfiiudr 'VTirur' Smiih. lUlt. Bift. 4 44 o 43 '31 44 '61 44 4>t 44 4»l 1 43 3» 4« J6 4» «7 4' J4 40 59 { 40 35: 40 28} '49 '9 152 9 •54 5' 157 4' t6o ij 161 59 163 39 16; 23 167 29 169 jo 171 t7 '74 >S 7 30 I I o II II '3 a '3 o '3 o From ^>rcn Charlutir't Soand, New Zealand, lu the Frinidiv inc.. '777- Feb. 26 '7 18 Mitch I 2 3 April iK '9 20 21 22 J3 »4 »5 26 ^7 2S 29 .^' Ldbtudc oalh. l.oiit;>iu(l« r.ttt. 41 Ji'7 41 43 176 49 '7»'77 "7 la ijt 4» 35 •7'* 43 42 35; 180 Hi 42 24 18a j6 41 'ol '8j I 39 5"! '"7 '* IJ 23 19 10 189 11 39 '7 '9' '3 II IJ 39 H '9» 5« 39 30*1 194 10 39 26 195 12 10 49 39 50 '9'' 4 38 41J 196 II 36 ;qi 197 30 35 18 '9'* 43 3+ 61 198 J7 10 18 13 40 199 6 10 19 33 24 199 19 ii 4 200 14 30 19 200 J). 29 4 201 15 9 39 27 44 201 30 26 J2 101 34 8 37 2; 59 201 8 25 22-i 201 30i 24 i(s »5 4;, 191 11 8 47 26 .6 81 '93 46 »7 26 51} '94 45 7 5* 28 IV' '95 55 8 .3 ■jq 197 II '98 ;; 30 28 f) . 3' »7 53 200 37 Aug. I '7 49 202 iij 7 44 2 27 28 203 50 7 « 3 n 43' 204 4 '7 33I 26 ;i i05 35 5 206 29 6 '5 531 207 40 7 'V 9 208 58 7 37 1 8 i} 56 210 l;4 7 " 9 '3 7l 210 44 10 21 12 211 12 II 19 14} 211 43 12 17 46 F^m the Society Illei to Chrift- inas in 1:!. L.iiitiiu. l.oiijjiiLoc. Va< ...I. : outll. Eall. K.,t. '777- I 1 Dec. 9 15 42' 207 41 5 +5 10 '4 31 »"7 3+ 5 35 II '3 45 207 7 12 13 I 206 io S " «3 u 17. Ui 58 Tim. I"'™ • ''"•J ««lll LatlMidt h. '777- • Dec. i«l) '9 20 at aa »3 »4 '5 iM 1 i 59 Hi »4 4 56+ 3 3" 1 1 04jN » »1 Sli Longttudt Kaft. »oj J4 lOJ ij 20J 5 104 19 107 19 204 9 203 J9 lOJ 9 101 J7 202 38 »01 JJ 101 J4 Vhiu. BilL 5»t J4 J »« 5 «9 J 44 649 From CJirOinu lAtad to SanA> wicb lllin. Tim. I-"""''* Loti/itude ^a. 1778. ' ' • < Jan. 1 1 27 101 36 3 * *i »o» 35 4 ♦ t 101 45 1 4 56 lOJ Q S 43 loj la J J« I V>i 54 Vd loj 646 9 10; la 047 lOj 9 JO toj II 10 44 104 49 I2{ll 17 J04 14 13 14 11 lOJ 3 '4i'J 58 201 8 '51' 7 40, 201 29 100 1;8 IUI19 oi i7'2o 2; 200 38 |S|2I I2f 200 41 '9 ,21 jot 100 39 From Sandwich Iflcs to King George' i or Nootlca Sound, on i!ic Weli Coaft of Amc- j Latitude Nonli. 1778. Feb. 2 21 3;^3 j6i 4,H 3' 5 6 7 « 9 10 1 1 12 '3 '4 '5 16 'A LoDfitudc Eift. 199 30 '99 37 1119 26 T}1'99 44 mi 200 19 200 6 201 3 201 J 20 J 14 20J 22 106 10 206 b 20J J9 56 18 S» 13 21 35 29 JO »3 2v 5 H Viriit. Ea«. II II la la 3 59 II 20 20? H 20? 24 I 20J J9 13 6 206 16 I16 41, 6it Gapr. COOK'8 VOYAGES' fi 'M P L fe T E. Time. Feb. JO 21 22 *3 »4 t6 »7 21* Mar. 2 3 4 5 6 ,8 to 1 1 12 •4 ■5 iC '7 |8 «9 to IT »2|4 »3 »4 »^ »7 X8 «9 4 30 Lit. North. 38 7i 39 6 *o iSi 41 64 41 44i 4J 3'i 43 '7 43 48 44 '7 44 49 44 54 44 32 44 ; 43 4f 44 >-^ 44*33 4+^7i 43 J? 43 40 43 44 43 fi 4» 47 42 46; 43 4 43 56 44 50I 44 56, 4? 3°} 4y ?' 2.1 56 4' 45 30 , +S 21,' ?6 5fi 47 Long. Rait. 49 3'' 207 31 209 41 212 14 ll^fl 219 21 222 16 "4 55 226 22 228 2 228 14 229 7 231 8 2,i^ 4? 23 f 20 3f Jf* J3J »' 234 44 234 47 »35 " 23; o 133 27 J33 43 rji 45 232 4! 233 52 234 8 233 5S 214 6 J34 8 235 5 234 '7 234 7 232 41 .2 28 '^' »4 232 12 2 13 2(>' 233 '8 Variat. Eaft. 17 3« ig 59 J »o 33 20 17 849I '7 32] •7 43 7 52 16 4. ■ 19 27 Ffom King Gforgr''; nr N'xiika Sound to I'rinoe William's, a- long the VVVIlcm coail of A inc- rica. Ut. Long. Varint. North. K^l. Ead. 17-8. c . V ' u Apr. 27 49 39 23' J' I'' 50 1 229 20 »9 '' '♦, 226 54 3= 53 22^ 22{ 14 21 12 May . )4 43 224 44 24 19 2 56 5° 224 6 3 ;8 .7 222 14 4 ;8 22 220 45 220 58 24 " 5 ,-8 40 26 II 6 59 8 220 19 13 '0 7 '-9 27 1 ^'9 7 24 26 y 59 ".2'7 4' 1 ^9 3'!»'7 ° 22 47 : i^;9 ji [21$ ?55 ■ ";W 33||"5 21 iijfti 11;, 213 28 27 35 ijl'io 49 |ti3 7 ' ^ 60 19 "3 7 Tron Prinw Willi.im's Souml to i- exit's River, alonj the Wcf- fi'rn Coalt of Amcrici. ., Lai. t..onu Variat. North. Ka." Kaft. I--S. " y 1 tf May 1 8 60 30 212 2lj '9 60 3 212 12 23 37 JO 60 ail 40 11 59 30^ 210 6 23 42 2J {8 22 20S 42 »3 59 9 208 47 »4 5M 14' 207 i;9 H 58 4>^ 207 39 J6 59 9', 2o6 50 *7 59 20 207 ao t8 59 5tH 207 24 «9 60 8 207 3«' 30 "° 37 208 3 11 61 II 20S 45 June 1 61 5- 2»9 24 hrnm CiKik'i River to Samga- nooilha (larbour, in the Ifland ()onal.<(hka. „.. 1 I^it. Long. •'""^•iN.mh. Fart. Vatiat V.:in. ■:7'--, " : • ' June 7 ;H ; 207 45 8 C7 52! 207 {4 9 J7 42 ;207 J'> Time. Lat. North. Long. Eaa. Variat. Kaft. 1778. u u 1 1/ 1 June 10 57 20 207 2; II 57 5, 207 33 12 57 3i 206 12 <• \i S? 49 20i 40 20 31 56 22^ 20< 27; 1556 23 JC2 JI 16 56 5 201 10 •7 55 33 200 48 20 22 18 55 25 200 42 22 32 '9 55 ■« 199 16 20 54 44 '97 29 21 54 '7! 197 II 2253 5', 196 34 23:53 36! '95 50 24 54 '3 '95 '4 •-. 2 5 14 4 «)4 59 1 > iC,-3 46 k94 ' 2753 r>l '93 35 18 53 5 5 '93 28 From Samganoodha Bay to Brif- tol Bay, alongthcWeUcm Coail of y\ merit a. Time. Kit. 1 -on-.'. V'iriat. North. Kali. i;aft. July 2 ' <^ .. 54 '9 '93 33 3 55 '2 "n 24 4 55 49} '97 J 5 )'' 30 19S 43 (. i'' 5 5 199 j6 ' 57 <'t 2<10 16 S 57 '6 200 48 iO-.i 9 57 49! 201 42 10 iS i,Si200 39 22 49 1 1 !■■) ];oo 34 1 2 5S 12^200 33 5- n! 199 2t 32 1 3 '4 {h 12 19K j6 ' 5 >■< 22 198 39 l(. JS 2l» '97 46 1; 58 54 '97 2; If 59 '7 '97 3* ". 59 30 '97 4 J From Rriftol Bay to Norton SiiunJ, on the Weftern Coail of /\meriea. Lat. '^""'•' North. Fait. Variat. Kail. i77.H. i o July 23 58 2458 2558 26 ;8 »7 59 »8{9 2960 3060 31 61 Aog. 161 * 2'6l 3:62 + 63 5fi4 6:64 ''4 86{ 965 10 65 66 66 66 ft; 68 69 Sept. I 43 ,>96 7 I194 25i '92 37 '9' II 190 55 '9° 21 187 21 188 1 1 189 575, '90 5 5 '9' 34 '92 53 I '94 30 ;'93 39 '93 + 8 jly2 o 192 48 :i9i 36 '189 St '9' 20; 191 32i;iy2 18 40 69 69 6q 69 69 69 69 69 68 68 68 67 66 64 .<>4 «l6j "28 •94 33 18 '93 ' 57 '93 4' ,13 '97 35 44 198 24 6 196 32 4 196 32 •95 48 34, '91 42 33} 194 20 30 190 23 38 IH7 30 '^ 184 lij 183 30 '7 lit 40 49 181 26 3'! 182 32 6 185 39 '°, 187 .5 37i 189 20 28 '89 5 381 IHH 15 8 189 V7 Hi igj 30 22 4' •51 32 44 20 25 5<> »7 57 i 24 53 16 Si Time. Lat. North, Long. Eaft. 7 64 16 194 20 25 59 8 64 27 196 3 964 34! 197 41 1064 »3 19.7 30 From Norton SounJ to the Ifland of Oonalalhka. Variat. Faft. ■A Time. -nir- \j3ng. Falf. Variat. North. Eaft. '778- ' ' Sejit. 1 7 64 10 198 30 18 "3 ; •- '97 4J '9 634. 196 12 20 '>3 37 192 12 22 2J ri (a J*- 'V r7 I - 21 61 4» i>9 ': i 23 6b 21! 187 30 24I59 ni 189 J 25158 3' 190 51 26:58 36! 189 15 , 2758 36 '89 43. 28 S» 2 190 ^8 29 57 ° 192 2 30 56 30 192 50 Oft. 1 55 29 193 2 2j 192 27 3^53 .59 •9 59 Frnra Oon.nladika to Sandwich inoi. Time l..it. 1 lx)ng. \ arial. "■ North. 1 F.iH. K..II. 1 7"S. V ' V « / Oft. 27 54 8 '9 59 28 53 59, 29 53 52! 191 41 3' 5 3 45, , 3' 52 •! '94 56 Nov. 1 49 55 196 2 2 ,6 31 197 10 T 48 • 198 28 4 45 44i 199 ;i 5 44 3> 200 36 6 42 29i 201 27 •7 '5 - 41 10 2C2 2 K 40 18 202 17 16 , 9 39 36 202 36 10 i9 '0 203 16 11 18 l8 ao; 11 18 14 2c6 17 '3 ?6 6 206 33 '*i 34 39 2 06 46 '5 33 33 J06 57 16 J2 47 20b 57 " 57 32 26 206 51 18 32 41 207 S2 '9 32 27 206 44 20 30 23 205 5' 2> 27 53 206 28 22 26 171206 25 23 24 49 i'o6 2 + 22 36 20; 30 25 20 57I1204 38 26 20 57 203 28 From Sandwich Iflcs to the Rjy of St. I'cter and I'aul in Kaiiit- fchatka. V a:uit. l-'nit. Lat. Long. Ealf. 1 imc. North. '779- ' Mar. 15 2' 47 '99 37 16 21 27 198 5" 1- 11 iK '97 2 18 21 12 '95 26 :92i II aoto 52 194 28 '93 22 21 20 37 192 13 22 to 27 190 44 23 '9 58 188 22 24 19 j6 1 86 25' 19 58 184 12 2" 19 48 1B3 9 27 '9 49t 182 29 j8 20 6 181 27 27 JO 16 180 j9 30 20 21 180 ^ . 3> 20 35 •79 47 Apr. 1 II i.<. «t9 3' t 22 36 •77 20 3 >4 38i '75 21 4 26 21 ■73 3''> 5 28 33 •7' 47 <- JO 13 170 13 168 1; I JO 61 30 33 167 4 10 4 9 10 " 30I 11 id )•' 1 1 14 12 8 II 2 I { 9 9 I Time. Lat. North. Long. Fall. '779- " 1 tf • Apr. 9 32 16 166 39 10 33 30I 166 II 35 32 I6j 30 1 *' 3J- '.0 '54 34 103 20 ' '3 39 3P '4 4° S3 162 1} '5 4' 5» 160 42 I64J I2i '59 4> \l 43 '* 160 46 9 160 48 ■9 48 40 161 14 20 49 48 161 30 21 50 ij-i 161 48 22 51 38 160 7 23 52 II '59 37 »4 ^^ 159 40 i ?f *5J) 30 26 52 35 '59 43 »7 52 45 '59 43 28 52 45 160 Variat. Eaft. 6 20 9 331 From the Bay of St. Peter and Paul toward the North, and back to that Place. Time. Nortli. '779- " June 17I52 46 1852 39 '9'53 59 H54 53. »'|55 S'i 22|,-0 +H 2357 II ■ 2458 '9i 2 5 59 8 26 j9 27 2/59 52 2861 (6 2962 4 3061 49 July I 62 10 262 38 363 35 464 33 565 42 667 o 7 68 22 869 25 9(>9 II 1068 I 1167 51 12 68 41 1369 29 •469 37 1569 36 1669 55 '769 5 5 1870 2h 1970 II 2069 37 2169 37 22 69 27 2369 3 2468 ;i 2568 38 2667 59 2767 47 2867 9 2966 50 3066 20 3' 65 5 Aug. , 64 25! z 64 I 364 ? 464 o 562 m 660 47 59 35 59 5 58 49 j8 »6 57 25 j6 2S 55 23 54 50 54 'o 54 21 51 48 52 38 52 38 53 7 ' -3 45 2 53 8 3 52 46 24lj« J« Long. Kail. '59 " '59 42 Ibl 17 162 48 163 42 164 4,- i6j 47 h 9 10 1 1 12 "3 '^ '5 \ a rial. l.alt. V I 7 J9l 8 59 167 20 13 i>t 168 16 13 10 170 46 '75 44 13 30 17'j 2 17 19 '"** '4 iSo 17 it 49 .86 ,7 188 ;i 26 5J 189 47 igi 24 192 18 27 21 '92 39 21 39 '88 54 29 28 188 (0 189 21 27 3» 189 188 10 26 10 189 4 190 J7 '93 7 '95 14 35 37 196 18 31 20 •97 4 2» 59 '95 ' '93 7 1S8 35 1S7 29 188 37 190 2 21 4lt 188 27 1H8 27 189 46 190 f2 191 20 iKy 20 22 5J1 189 45 19 47 189 57 24 38 189 26 188 II 186 1 184 31 183 30 18 2; 180 42 '77 4 •74 •« 172 4^ " 34 171 46 II 11 170 50 171 26 171 14 170 40 1(18 19 9 SS 167 50 i6{ 21 162 40 161 3S 160 36 f, 18 160 10 6 12 •J843I 6 tQ{ Lat. Long. North. EaU. " 1 ' ,2 .6 ifi6 39 )3 30! 166 35 3» i6j 30 i1- 'P ■54 3+ 1^3 20 3* JP VO S3 162 i} 41 51 160 42 41 11 j '59 4' 43 18 160 46 9 160 48 48 40 161 14 49 48 161 30 S° »5i 161 48 ?> 38 160 7 5» " '59 37 «« JO '59 40 if 1F> *59 30 ?» 3J '59 43 52 45 '59 43 J' +5 i&o Variat. Kaft. 6 20 9 33i e Bay of St. Peter and towarj (he Nurth, and : to that Plate. Lat. Long. \ iiriat. Nortli. Kail. l.alt. tf v> \/ 1 52 46 '59 " 7 J9l 5' 39 '59 4J 8 59 's3 i4 161 17 54 53 i 162 48 J5 5'J 163 42 |50 48 '»4 45 57 " 165 47 5* '9! 167 20 '3 '»♦ 59 8 168 16 13 10 ■59 «7 170 46 59 5^ '75 44 13 3° 61 ?6 17'j 2 17 19 1 &2 4 l-X 24 'fai 49 ISO 17 62 10 iKi 13 62 38 181 49 }63 35 186 j7 y(>* a 188 51 26 Si i65 4» 189 47 i67 191 24 ■68 22 192 18 27 22 (69 25 '9» 39 21 39 )t^ II 188 54 29 28 3 68 1 188 (0 07 51 1S9 21 17 3t lAU 41 1S9 t6g 2q 188 10 26 10 ► 69 37 189 4 569 36 190 17 69 55 '93 7 ■69 55 '95 '4 35 37 * 70 26 196 18 31 20 ^70 II '97 4 .8 ,9 569 37 '95 • 69 37 '93 7 169 27 1S8 35 )69 3 187 29 m 5' 188 37 i6H 3« 190 2 2. 4a ^67 59 i88 27 'V>1 47 IHS 27 i67 ., 189 46 lif, 50 190 S2 366 20 191 2Q 65 5, IS9 20 22 5j> 04 25" '89 45 '9 47 1 64 I 189 57 24 38 3 '^4 5 189 26 164 188 II $61 \-i I.S6 1 J 60 47 "84 3' 7 59 35 183 30 18 2; >*59 5 180 41 ?58 49 '77 4 3 58 »6 '74 '8 ' 57 15 172 4' " 34 2 56 2S 171 46 II II 3 55 »3 170 ;o 1 54 50 171 26 5 54 >o 171 14 ( 54 22 170 40 7 51 48 168 19 9 SS * i' 38 167 ;b r 5» 38 16; 21 ' ^3 7 162 40 ' 13 45 161 3S ' 53 8 160 36 6 i3 3 ;2 46 160 10 6 12 4Jj« J» 'jMjI 6 !<:{ COOK*» THIRD and LAST VOYAGE-^To the PACIFIC OCE^Ni &c. ^-3 From the Bay of St. Peter and 1 St. Paul, to Macao, in China. 1 'Firm* Lat. L.oni(. Variat. North. Eall. Ealt. Oft, 10 g J2 38 O ( '58 37 1 6 20{ II 5* 5 158 30 6 3 .<;, 12 ji '57 »» 5 '7 ■•;. «3 49 49 15647 4 49 ■i '* 48 n '55 30 'I 46 3' '55 " y '4 ■■■ i6 45 »7 155 *3 4 39 ' ' '2 +^ I '53 47 4 54 |8 44 »8 152 46 «9 44 'S ip 36 »o 43 47 150 24 21 42 40 1+9 20 22:40 59 148 2 «7. »3 40 35 146 39 049 . »♦ 40 48 •45 30 15 40 2J ■44 » 26 40 c 39 '6i 142 2J 15 »7 '43 I ' '3 28 38 I? 142 6 • '7 »9 37 45 141 JO 30 36 4> '4« 3 1 10 3' 3f 33 '4' 3 .Nov, I 35 '7 141 29 1 4' 2 35 43 >4' '5 '. 3 36 »9 14+48 ' 4 3? 48I '4'i 33 ^ 'i ■"' I 35 '5 HI 18 2 s^ 35 ■ 147 28 148 40 3 59 r^^ I 33 5° M 6 14S 4f 9 3' 46 146 i; :; 'to 30 4» '45 " , !"•• Time. Lat. North. Long. Eall. Variat. Eift. '779- u ',■ « ( W ' Nov. 1 1 29 7 144 20 11 27 36 144 26 '3 ^5 59, ■43 27 3 49 «4 24 36i 142 9 2 49 »5 »4 49 141 IJ » 57. 16 »5 7 ■39 ' ■49i \l H45 U7 56 * '5 »3 45 ■35 36 '9 22 47 ■33 " 20 >2 y ■3' ^5 1} 21 21 26 129 3 22 20 48 126 39 »3 21 10 ■^3 38 »4 21 29 122 24 »5 " 35 121 24 26 21 12 120 12 oi[E ^^ " 5 118 22 20 42 1 16 42 29 2. J81 '■5 54 ~ 30 21 57 ■■> 9 Dec. . 2 22 8 "3 43 \o 32W From Macao, in China, to the Cape of Good Hoiir. Time. Ut. North. Long Ealt. Variat. Weft. (780. » » ' » ; Jan, 13 14 20 34 "3 53 '5 iH ?7 "4 3 r6 'o 39 "4 5 394 •7 '4 39 ■ '3 '3 I 24} 18 12 31 112 Time. 1780. Jan. 19 I Feb. 2 2 13 J5 26 »7 28 Lat. North 22 8 46 8 39 6 53 5 » 3 '8 1 21 2jS 1 48 2 22 3 9 4 33 , 5 »' 8 5 38 , 7 3* 20 8 30 9 23 2 10 31 47 «4'3 5 13 »4 '3 35 '3 57 14 j6 Long. EalF. Mar. »9i5 53 16 J2 17 12 '7 59 18 2; 19 2 9 '4 19 40 20 I 920 23 1020 39 '09 43 106 4 J 106 30 '05 35 104 4 J 104 29 lOJ I J lOJ IJ ■ 05 3 10; 38 106 12 106 IJ 105 o loj 45 lOJ 10 loj 4 104 48 104 24 103 46 103 10 101 31 100 o 99 20 97 43 94 50 92 1 1 89 35 87 33 84 24 83 12 81 II 7.S 49 76 58 75 'O 73 20 '^arlat. Wctt. 30 26iE ' +7 I n Time. Lat. Suuih. Mar. 1 1 20 49 Apr. 12 '3 '4 ■5 16 '7 18 ■9 20 21 22 23 2.V »5 26 »7. 28131 2913' 30:3' 3' 3' '»,,6, 21 28 22 a 22 37 23 13 24 14 M 9 7 26 26 36 27 ig 28 6 28 26* 29 6 »9 39 30 26 }' 3 42 24 6 20 1 1 24 32 33 34 24 , 23 6 13 3549 7I35 '4 8i34 57 9,35 7 '03+ 3' "34 36 2 3 4|35 s; 6: Long, Kaft. -s-rr V 47 69 22 67 2 6458 62 j6 61 28 59 53 jS JO j6 40 54 48 52 35 49 47 46 30 43 40 41 o 3847 37 20 35 "9 34 20 33 3° 32 10 30 37 28 j7 26 12 Vari«. Weft. : ) 19 J r' » 21 27I 16 31 24 M 22 '7 21 4' 20 37 20 21 '9 50 18 40 18 20 ,.) .^• A correft TABLE, {hewing the Variations of the Compafs, as obferved in Captain CboK's Third Voyag#, during his Paffage from England to the Cate of Good Hope, .'^ii.-'i J..V1 . I77«, Latitade. Longitude. Variation. » tf / w ' Jiily • 4 50 8 N. 440W. 20 i8-i\V. U 18 4844 5 2° 23 oj > 22 48 35 8 18 25 4 44 '7 22 41 8 »1 43 ^■5 8 28 22 26 » »4 43 4^ 8 33 23 '4 U 11 42 j8 9 34 23 .41 S 40 33 10 7 22 j6 » 29 ii S' '4 32 18 31 i 10 33 4 '4 53 '9 3\ xl 24 3> 4 '5 4 9 31 31 10 ■5 27 18 iSJ At anchor in thf. RradofSt.Crui inTireriflc. '4 4'i 9 /^ugiiH 7 23 54 18 36 19 ?6 20 29 'J '. ? ■> iu 19 19 41 14 IOt 13 23 ) 1: '5 34 23 10 9 46,r V ■ 4 '3 *? 23 '3 9 23 u \l 12 21 23 34 9 48, ¥ II Jl »4 » 8 9{ 1 '9 Tjj' 22 5* 9 »r 22 39 9 2J V «t 633 20 Jl 10 |6»- s 11 e 29 21 a 11 33 6 9 20 59 10 19 > %^ 4 23 21 12 9 y,., i 17 3 59 N. 21 40W. 8 35 W. 3 ■)> 22 10 » 37 y «8 liy an ai 22 21 mpliiude. 8 36 758} p 10 2 40 23 27 7 49 649 2 20 24 35 •? V » 5 25 '2 6 33 ■ '4 26 12 5 34 September 1 51 27 52 5 >5 7 N. 27 23 4 42^ t f 13 S. 18 30 3 26| 3 i'i 9 I 50 28 49 2 48 29 18 3 2o, 9 3 37 29 24 2 55* 4 20 30 12 * ^\ ■n 5 30 5' 1 ai4 021IW. 331?.- ? 6 4? 3^ 49 32 '5 33 '■ h 7 'ii 3i 30 3* vv.| Time. Evening Ditto Morning Ditto Kvcniftg Ditto Dittn Ditto Morning Evening Morning Evening Ditto Ditto Morning Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Evening Morning Ditto Evening Murning Ditto Evening Morning Evening Ditto Ditto Morning Evening Morning Evening Morning Ditto Evening Morning Evening Morning Evaning Morning Evening Morning Evening 1776. Latitude. Longitude. Variation. Time, September 7 7 5° ' 33 48 ' II W. Morning 8 843 34 '4 12-W. Ditto i) 9 9 ' 3+ '4 18, E- 6 E. Evening 9 35 34 20 Morning s 10 10 4 34 '9 40 W. Evening 11 I 34 "9 6'.E. 41, E. Morning 9 1 1 12 40 34 '9 Ditto '? 12 '3 23 3+ '8 40^ E. Evening 14 II 3+ 2 i6iE. Morning t '3 '4 47 34 4 1 8 E. Ev. ampl. '5 33 34 >6 I 20 E. Morning h ' + 16 12 3+ 20 > 25|E. 2 33iE. Evening 16 ?8 34 55 Morning '5 17 40 35 8 2 II E. f:vening 1* 30 35 26 2 i6i 4 2J Morning V 16 20 8 35 49 Ditto s '7 20 46 35 5° 2 43 J Evening 21 37 35 42 2 44f 2 33^ Morning » i3 22 17 35 4' Evening % 20 25 54 34 37 3 16I Ditto 26 47 33 55 Morning '? 21 27 '4 33 25 3 5' Evening 27 44 32 35 2 23' Morning 22 28 19 3' 5' 2 ij Ditto t 23 28 36 S. 3. jW, 2 3'-iE. I io[ Evening 29 12 29 59 Morning $ 24 29 29 29 21 > 30 Evening 30 4 28 8 31 .Morning tf 25 30 2; 27 30 JO-} E. Evening 29 33 43 16 50 3 46 W. Morning J 30 3348 16 7 4 45{ 4 45l Evening 33 56 IJ 28 Morning » Oflober 2 34 "5 12 7 ■ Evening 34 '6 10 2 7 '31 Morning ¥ 4 34 45. 8 58 6 32 Evening Amp itude. 7 52 Ditto 35 37, 9 4 i 5| 6 JO. 7 44 Morning •? 5 35 35J I " Evening 35 49 8 49 Morning J 8 35 '9. . ". •'5 8 47 Evening Amp Itude 6 59f Ditto 35 30 7 35 9 12 Morning 9 35 '7 7 S m Evening Ditto •? 10 35 39 2+7W. 11 56 Morning J '5 34 57 8 40 E. 19 26 j 2. j8| 22 1+} Evening At the Cape c f Good Hop e, * ; On board OnOior* No. 8o^ 8 C CON- 654 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. .)M//> CONCLUDING REMARKS by the Editor. TN' order t» convince our fubfcribers and the public of thejud preference due to this new and complete Colletftion of Captain Cook's Voyages, &c. round the World, and how unrefervedly they may depend on the puniftual execution of the Publiflier's other periodical publications, on various ufcful and intercfting fubjcifls, it will be ncceflary to make a few remarks on the im- perfeiflionsmoft glaringly confpicuo'js in moil works of the kind; and alfo to point out the peculiar ufcful in- formation, and important improvements, -with which this genuine Edition of Cook's celebrated voyages abound; whereby we flatter ourfclves, the unpreju- diced, and difintcrefted, whofc delight may be to cm- ploy their hours of leifure in the attainment of fub- Hantial knowledge, will not withhold from our fcvcral undertakings, and lalrarious endeavours to picafc, that encouragement they may be thought juftly to dcfcrve. It has been too common a prai.'tice of late, to ulher periodical publications into the world with a good ap- pearance at firn, and, in the courfc of their execution, to fall olf from their original perfedion; fo that when concluded, they cannot, properly fpcaking, for want of uniformity, and due order, be deemed complete and perfech We think, upon the whole, not one of our readers can, with jufticc, charge us with fuch defects, and unfair artifices. The latter numbers of our weekly publications, arc, in general, equal in gootinefs to the former; and the whole are finillicd In fo regular, uniform, and complete a manner, as, of which we have been re- peatedly allured, anfwer the wilhcs both of the pub- Unicr and readers, by d;)ing credit to the one, and giv- ing full and pleating fatisfaction to the other. Let any impartial examiner compare the concluding numbers of Millar's Univcrfil Syltcm of Geography, Barnard's New Hiftory of F.ngland, and this Complete Collcdion of Voyages Round the World, with any other works of the like kind, and, we are porfuadcd, they will diQin- guifli on which fide fupcrioi* f xccllence lies; fuch a comparative view we carncflly recjuell; not doubting, but that, agreeable to their ufual candour, the Public will readily give merit the prelcrencc. Indeed, the juft preference which is now generally given by the public to our various periodical public ations, is a very natter- ing tcftimony in their favour. We have gone out of the common Ixraten track, and carried on bulinefs with a degree of credit and reputation, hitherto unattempted by our predccffliirs, and prtfent competitors in the fame line, which has elfe;1ually tnabliflied a reputation with the public at large, who can ik pend faftly upon the honourable and puniftual execution of any work, whii h we announce for publication. Our friends, and readers, will alfo pleafe to obferve, that mofl of the publications of our competitors, are fpun out to an unrealbnable length, by loofe printing, orfinall pages, merely to anfwer pecuniary purpofes; or, on the other hand, they have been mere abridg- ments, being contracted in too confined a compafs, and fo mutilated, and frivolous, as fcarteljr to defervc notice. Now it has been our invariable aim, to ren- der every work that has been the objed r^f our (fudy, the very heft, and mo(\ jKrfecl of the kind. We dare not affront a difcerning and generous public in a Tingle inftance, whereby they may have reafon to fay, our pro- mifes have not been honourably performed. We have always given full fcope to the necellary copioufnefs and importance of the fubjedt; while, at the fame time, it hat been our conftant endeavour to preferve a happy medium between the two extremes, by not extending our performances further than abfolute necellity may require: thus difdaining to renounce our refpedl for the public, by promoting, unnece^farily, the private in- tcreft of any of the artiffs concerned in their cxteraal rxecution. One wouM think it niuft be obvious to the moft cur- fory reader, how artfully many recent publications have been ymffed off in a very pompous manner by certain wlvcnturcrs, in order to take the advantage of credulity; l| notwithftanding they arc too contemptible to come under the eye of critlcifm, being void bf excellencies and replete with errors, though cft'ercd to the public on very extravagant terms. With refpe folutiua folution and Adventure, for making difcovcrics to- wards the South Pole, and round the world. The third and laft, in the Rcfolution and Difcovery, to the Pacific Ocean, but. principally, to determine the pofi- tion and extent of the weft fide of North America; its diftance from Afia ; and the pradicability of a north- weft paftage into the Atlantic, and to Europe. To follow the cxadl rcfcarches of this eminent navigator, >(hofe difcovcrics have far exceeded thofe of all his pre- dccefibrs, has been our arduous talk. It is unnccelfary to point out the obvious imperfc(ftions of all publica- tions which include only a finglc voyage of this cele- brated Commander; his three d liferent voyages are fo immediately conneded together, that owing to frequent references from one to another, no perfon can form a fatisfadtory idea of his valuable difcovcrics, who does not read his firft, fccond, and third voyages, in the order in which they were performed and written. I'or thefe rcafons we thought it our indifpcnfable duty to give an accurate relation, and to record an authentic niftory of the whole of Captain Cook's voyages; to which we have added genuine and complete narratives of other remarkable voyages round the world, under- taken and performed by Englifli circumnavigators, under the fandion of government. And with a view of rendering this work in every rcfpedt conformable to our propofals, we have incorporated a faithful relation of the Uibftancc of all the molt remarkable and impor- tant Travels and Journeys, which have been undertaken, at ditVcrrnt times, to the four quarters of the world j particularly, bclides what we have already mentioned, thofe of Burnet, Addifon, Barretti, Keyfler, Thicknefs, Twifs, Bridonc, Chandler, Johnfon, Smollct, Moore, Wraxall, &c. Inthegcographicalpartof Captain Cook's voyages, we have availed ourfelves of the labours, and made a freeufe ofthedifcoveriesofthofecminent writers, as may plainly be fcen in our defcriptions of the feveral iilands in the Atlantic, Southern, Pacific, and Indian feas ; contain- ing an hiftorical relation, not to be found in any pub- lication of the like kind. A thorough knowledge of the iilands and harbours, where ftiips may fafely repair for rcfrefhments, and other purpofes, is of the utmoft confequence to navigators in their purfuit of difcovc- rics ; and geography has a peculiar claim to the atten- tion of mankind in general, feeing this ufeful fciencc I N difplays to our view, in the moft entertaining manner* a general knowledge of the world. To promote which, to the obfcrvations of former travellers, noticed above, we have added very recent difcovcrics made by thofe celebrated circumnavigators, whofe- entertaining and ufeful voyages employ part of this work, viz. Byron, Wallis, Carteret, Mulgrave, Anfon, &c. In the aftronomical and nautical parts of this work, we have not tired the patience of our readers, with ufelefs computations, trifling fuppofitions, and dry fets of folar and lunar obfervation ; yet we have not failed, in any one inftance, to give the refult of thefe ; and we have likewife accurately marked latitude, longitude, dates, time, tides, fituation, diftance, and bearings, both of places and of the ftiips. This work may be confi- dercd as a kind of univerfal hiftory ; but with refpeft to the ftyle, we have preferved that of our journals, as thofe would naturally do, who are not unacquainted with the principles of navigation, and maritime affairs. As to the hiftorical and defcripiivc parts of this work of labour, they comprehend a particular, full, ac- curate, circumftantial, and entertaining account of continents, iftands, feas, oceans, ftraits, rivers, harbours, promontories, bays, &c. &c. together with a ufeful and diverting dcfcriptivc relation of the natives, or inhabi- tants, their fituation, extent, boundaries, limits, ioJ,' natural and artificial curiofities, and produdions ; their laws, religion, cuftoms, manners, genius, arts, tempers, difpofitions, amufements, language, ftiape, ftature, drefs, virtues, and vices; their goverments, principalities, titles of diftindlion, and fingular cere- monies at births, marriages, and funerals, &c. &c. in« eluding alfo the natural hiftory of birds, beafts, fifties, reptiles, infects, and vegetable productions, found in the hitherto unexplored regions of the world. And among the greateft variety of the moft interefting tranfadions, we have given a faithful narrative of the extraordinary life and unfortunate death of that brave Commander, Captain Cook ; in which, as alfo in our account of Captain Clerke's death, our readers will find feveral particulars ricver before made known to the public. Of that pdblic, and our friendly fubfcri- bers, we now take leave, with the pleafing hopes, that they will maturely confider the above remarks, bring them to the teft of truth, and give merit the preference^ upon every occafion. S. • _ ^ ' ' CONTENTS of this WORK. CAPTAIN Cook's Firft Voyage Captain Cook's Second Voyage Captain Cook's Third and Laft Voyage Byron's Voyage - - Wallis's Voyage _ - - - Carteret's Voyage - * :i Lord Mulgrave's Voyage Lord Anfon's Voyage Sir Francis Drake's Voyages Conclufion - - - Direftions to the Binder Lift of Subfcribers Page S 108 399 252 27s 3»S 336 37* 654 656 657 N. B. In writing the Hiftorics of the above very valuable and celebi .ted Voyages round the World, &c. the Editor has not only carefully incorporated all the important Difcoveries made by other Voyagers and Circum<> navigators, but has alfo included the Subftance of the moft remarkable Travels to different Parts of the World, The whole now re-publiftiing with all the Copper-plates, in only 80 Sixpenny Numbers : one or more of which may be had at a Time, at the Option of Purchafers— or the Whole handfomely bound in Calf and Ictiercd, complete in one large Volume, Price /" 2 8 o \ . DIRECTIONS if ^\ '* u > DIRECTIONS to the B O O K B I N D E R, For Placing the ELEGANT. COPPE R-P L A T E S belonging lo ANDERSON'sFolioEditionof COOK's VOYAGES,&c. Complete/ N. B. The BMinJtr it particularly JefirtJ to beat Tbii fTtri btfore the Ctfffr^tlaM are pbced, that the Lelitr-fn/i may not fct offon, and thereby fpoil the EHgnniiKgit which muU be placed an follow : Ns, 10. II. t2. »3- '4- 'v 1 6. i8. 19. 20. II. >»• 24. >6. »7- a8, J5. 3'' 32- 33- 3+- "35' 36. 37- 38. I. 17 RONT ISP I KCE, being a Portrait of Captain Jamej 1 Cook. F. R. S. &c. Ttface thi Tiil^ P«fi. Sea Horfes, which Captain Cook met with in his Third Voyage j6i Chart of the Sandwich Iflandi C29 View of Chrillmas Harbour, with the manner of killing ren- guins, &c. All Portraits of a ?/Ian and Woman of Kamtfchatka — • 63; A Man of Kautfchatka travelling in Winter — 614 Portraits of Pjiilaho.King of theTriendly IJlands— and a Woman of Middle'jurgh 4J4 View of Summer and Winter Habitations, in Kamtfchatka 639 Portraits or a Man — and Woman of Oonalalhka 571 The Inha'jitants of Norton Sound, and theii Habitalioni ;66 View in 'ne Townof Bolchcrclflc, thr Ci,;:'al of Kamtfchatka 616 Portraits of a Man — and Woman of Prince William's Sound 547 A T'ling Sea Otter — an Oppoffum — and a White Bear 416 Keiirertnt»tion of a Canoe of the Sandwich Ifland 533 A Man of the Sandwich Iflands ^lalked - and a Man of the Sand- wich Iflands, Dancing ^-^ — — 60; Chart of Norton Sound and Beering's Strait — — i_^66 Portraits of a Man — and Woman of the Sandwich Illanda |3 1 An inland View in Alooi — — — 601 Reprefentation of a Dance in Otaheite — View of the Infidc rf a Houfe in Ulietea — — View of a Fiatooka, or Buryinjr Place, in Tongataboo View of the Houfe or Shed, called Tupapow, in Otaheite Portraits of a Man— ami Woman of Nootka Sound View of the Indians of Terra Del Fuego 4' 461 481 J39 12 VariousAriiclesof NootkaSound -am' nf the Sandwich Idandt 540 A Native of CtaVcite dcfyinj; his Fnemy, &c. 491 Thcbodyof Tec.aChii'f.as prrfervcil after Death, in Otaheite492 View of a Moral, ..r liufial I'lace of Atooi 526 Habits of a youn;. Woman of Otaheite bringing a Prefcnt — and a young V .m Ml Dan inj; 491 Vic .V of rnc'cavri'r T 'ver, on the Coall of New Ho'land 6 j View of a Boxing Match in Hapaee— and a Portrait uf aMan of NIpg.-a. ,•,. _ _ 451 \jr. liankj receiving a Viilt from the King of Duke of York's Idarid, V^. 15 The Attack on Cartain Wallisin che Dolphin, by the Natives 264 Var'ous 4-tf(Ie" .>t Otaheite and New Zealand ^41 A Ci..: ct X 'v Zi.Uoci, as a f)iecimcn of the Carving of that Counlrv,£c. View of Karakakooa, in Owhyhee View in the Ifland of Huaheinc, iVc. 435 577 40 639 "4 View of the Infidc of a NN'intcr Habitation in Kamtfihatka View of the Ifland of Ota!:rite, with fevcral VeflcU InfideofthcIIoufc in the Moral, in Atooi — and Canoes of Oona- lalhki (72 Terrcohoo Kingof OKhyhee, bringing PrcfcntttoCapt.Cook 580 \icw of an ArAcd Roi.k on the C'oaflof New Zealand, &c. 53 The Surrender of the llland of Otaheite to Captain Wallis 482 A Chief and 01! cr Natives of Otaheite, vifiting Capt. Cook 15 \ icw of a Fortified Town or Village, called a Hippah 4j Kcmarkalile Animal found on one of the Hope Iflands— and the Vari, or Maucauco 6; View of tlie Town and Harbour of St. Peter and St. Paul 634 A Woman and Boy of Patagonia in South America 223 \ ictv of Snug CumerCove in Prince William's Sound 546 General Ciiart cxliihitiee the rVfcorcries made by Captain Cook ill hi* Firft.Sreond, Third, and Laft Voyages j Death of Captain lames Cyok 587 Charts of the N. W\Coa(l of America— andN.E. CoaOof Afia {63 A larger View of that Celebrated Natural CurioCty the Perforated Kork, in New Zealand 45 The Dcfire in a dangerous Stotm near the Straits 6f MageBcn 340 View at Anamuoka ■ n 447 The Succcfs wedded on a Rotk afUmata 34 j Krprcfciiution nl a War Canee of New Zealand J7 Capt. Wallis in converfation with Obcrea the Qu, of Otaheite 26J View of Matavai Bay in Otaheite "'35 Pougainv illc hoilling French Colours in Magellan Strait* 230 Pcttraits nf a Man — and Woman of Tanna 171 Chartof the Friendly Iflands 1 471 An Offiiring before Ciiit. Cftok at one of thi Sandwich Iflands £79 The Engagement of the Centurion and Acapuico off Cape fci- piritu !— Portraits of aMan — and Woman of CbriJtmas Sound 343 •4»_ 148 598 No.38.CommodoreAnfon attending KingGeorge 11. with an Account 39- 401 4t. 42. of his Voyage The Landittg of Captain Cook at MallicoUo View of Sir (.harles Saunder's llland, &c. -^ Views on.tlie (.oaft of Kamtfchatka — — Portraits oPa Man— and Woman of New Zealand Portraits of a Man — and Woman of New Caledonia View of Sulphur llland 336 164 270 611 56 643 466. 43' 44- 45- »,(>'. 47- 48. 49- so. 5'- 5*- 53- 54- 55- 56. 57- 58. 59- 60. Cx. 61. 63- 64. 6$. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 7'' 7»- 73- 74. 75' 76. 77. 78. 79' 80. The Nitche, a Ceremony in Honour of the King's Son The Genius of the Work inftruAing Youth in the conduft of Circumnavij>ator» — Boats ol the Friendly Illes Views on the Welt Coaft of America A Human Sacrifice, in a Moral, in Otaheite Mr. Doughty, beheaded by order of Sir Francis Drake Portraits of a Man— and Woman of MalDcollo View of Refolution Bay, in the Marquefas — ^ The Reception of Captain Cook, in i lapacc The North Fall View of the Ifland of Utalieite A Toupapow, withaCotpfe on it — — Mode of Dancing in Ulietea — and a Moria, or Burying Place in 336 475 5+4 +87 3»4 i6j I4lt +)» 16 Ouhcile The Tfchutiki, and their Habitations — Chart of the Iflands of Otaheite — — Portraits of Ohedidce and Otago « Ceremony of tnading on the Crucifix at Nagafaki View in the Ifland of^Kotterdam Vafqne/ de Gama introduced to the Zamoran of Calcutta The Landing of Captain Cook, at Middleburgh View of the South Side of Adventure Bay — « Nativ es of Oonalalhka, and their Habitations Gonzalo Pizarro, beheaded at Cuzco The Kine of the Friendly lUandu drinking Kava Begging Devouts who Stroll through China View of Huaheine — ' Drauffht of Bonthain Bay ■ 1 The finding of Captain Cook at Tanna — — Chart of Cook's Strait in New Zealand — View in the Ifland of Pines — — The Fleet of Otaheite, affembled at Oparree _ »— View of the Race Horfe and Catcafs, inclofed in the Ice 5" }S9. '4 >4' 367 4? 5 3 1 84' A Night Dance by Men in Hapaee — 4; a Three Views of an Arched Point on Kergutlen's Ijnd 420 Views of the Land on the Weft Coaft of .America 623 I'he Grand Seignior, in an Flegant Turkilb Habit 392 Portraits of Polatow and Omai — •— 481 Ifland of St. John. &c. — — 28$. View in the Ifland of New Caledonia — — 175 The Rejoicings of the Mexicans — ~" 35' Clwrt •f the Ifland of Oiaheiia — _ aj Chart of Capt. CartCfCt's Difcoveries at New Britain 28$ 'rhe infide of a' Houfc.^ Nootka Sound — 540 Tlie Landing of CamJirCatk, at Krramanga 16; Matavai Bay in Otaheite, &c. — -> 13; View of Pait of the N. K. fide of Terra del Fuego, &e. . 10 Chart of the Society Ifles — — 51I Plan of the Bay of Awatlka — — 6it An IniageWorfhiiiped by theCliingulait — 36 j Views on the Coafl of Afia — — 563 Chart of Cook s River in America — ;{ Inlide of a Houfe in Oonalaftika — 571 Sketok of Toogaia'uoo Harbour •— — 46{ Sketch of Nootka Sound — — . 558 Sketch of the Harbour of Sainganoodhr •> j6l Mangeea Ifland, &c. — — 439 View of the North Weft Side of Mas-a-Fuera 279 A Night Dance of Women in Hapae* — — 45* Chartof Chriftmas Ifland — • — J14 Portraits of Dr. Hawkfworth— aitd Captain K>ng y^ Chart of Queen Charlotte's Iflands — 284 Three V lews of the Admiralty Ifles, *c. »- »SS View of the Coaft of Japan — — 6^% A Family in Dulky Uay, New Zealand — 54 North Side of the largrft of Q>ieen Charlotte's Tflaad, ttQ, 181 A Chief and a Principal Woman of Sta. Chrifliiu 148 Charts ami Views of Pitcaim's Iflands — - 280 ViewinTanna , •— — — — 167 V^ew of a Uippabj in New Zealand — ^ JJ N, B. Tbt Zj^{ of ^»/y4' 367 4!5 3l» 149 4'+ 554 34A 468., 366 ;o<> 3o» 166 5*. '79 493 316 644 462 Nagafaki noran of Calcutta Ic'ciurgh itions ng Kava lina ariee '— Klofed in the Ice . Amfttrdam Illaml ^ jf Van Diemen'* I Jnd 414 nnandthePatagonians 22a id Tynai-Mai South Georgia irra Del Fucgo 'UCgO ;rgutlcn's Ijnd if .America irkilh Habit It New Britain ind — imanga a del Fucgo, &c. Ill hr — i-Puera apiain Kin| c. »- id "* ' - "" irlotte'i tfland, lee, •■ Chriltina : fJattJkl the ind. ■35 1K7 185 191 4;» 4:0 6'} 39J 481 185. '75 35' »! 1S5 540 |6{ «35 10 6if 365 5«J u; 439 »:9 45» J'4 in «4» .It «4« a 80 l«7 A LIST ' a .H 'J 4 ».'. e 1 .1 •"i»'*-»" • LIST of I S U B S C R I B 1 R Sii ' ■ ! : :..J .1.1 ; ... • - T O T H I.,,a,.....u:W::J0 R K; Being an uQiverfaUy efteiemcd Pujblication, wHich hajs b^n wtmtml f carried on from the Beffinnlngf tnd the latter Numbers (agreeable to our Promifa in. the Tropofals) detivoMd Ift tbi Su&< icribcrs as good in qyery Refpafl; as the First. •iA< LADY Abdey, Sackville ftreet Mr. Richard Andcrfon, Woolwich Hev. Mr. Antrobus, Nether Whitby Mr. Michael Allen, Maiden-liuie.Wood-ftrcet — Afliford, Lomhard-ftieet — John Abbot, Poplar m. Valentine Anfcluiii, Denmark-fti«4t — Achroyd, Loiig acre — Thomas Annelley, King-Uicct — Ailwin, Charles-ftteet ' — Alderfon, Cainaby-ilteet — Adams, Bilhopfgale-ftreet — Adjms, King-ftreet Robert Andrews, Efq. Horlefton Mr. Charles Kdward, Aberdeen — Henry Appleman. Comptdn-ftrcet — Thomas Albon, Tothill-ftreel — William Aullin, Bromley .hm ^ — Thomas Alkin, Ball-court ' '■«^^ — (nhn Archer, Maze-building* — julVph Allen. Briftol — lofeph Aldridge — ^omas Afplm, Lewilham — George Henry Apthorp Major William Abincton, Cohhan) Mr. Clark Arthur, Jurnival's inn , — Willia:n AHard, Bermondfcy — John Alhrd, Rotherhithe Mrs. Mary Alfop, Aylelbury-ftttct Mr. Rol>crt Armllrong. Friday-ftieet — Andrew!, Greenwich — 1'hoiMS Arplin, Gent. — Wm. Allifon, Hair-drelfcr, ratcr-noftcr- row — I. Atkinfun, Wych-ftreet — Major Adye, Royal Artillery — Gni. Alfcrt, Greenwich >— Roben Alftp, Wapping-Wall — Adama, Queen Ann-Urcet. Wcftminftcr Mr> Boto, Chatham — By (hop *- John Balfour, lohn-ftrctt — Rol«rt Bell, Narrow-..all, Lambeth — Clurk-j Berry, King llreet — William Byfan, Little John ilrect — James Hayiey, Gray 's-inn-l»nc — ]. Bromley, Excifc C/flice George BrockM.urll, btaffotJftiire — Bolion, Silvcr-llrcet — Rr.itider, Miuorics — James Btuwn, Kirliy -ftreet — Kation, Teim-le John larkcr, Efq. Manfell lircet Mr. hoMiiuii, Grav'N-iiin-lane — John Brooke*, Martin s-hiie — Broun, Hi^h Ilolborn — Biuh. Calile (In-et — Biiiiliudge, 'la\irtiKk-ftrec< — liiimftoall, Fleet- market — Biirllcy . .; . — Jofiph Bii;i;, Hatfield — Jiiinis l!.'.llil, llaf.iel.l — John Bloxeiilj;r, Jii.llion-Iiill — Charles BriJgnun, 0,x:k-licad Rev. S. HnK>k, Colncy-lUtdi Mr. Mil hat I Biiimcr, 'I'tniunilfcy — William Bailey, Alllinn, Cumberland — Jacob Brown, Green vie li _ . , — John Btnnctl. Nj , .1. — Richtni Batnrti. Minorirt /^ _ <-. BywaXr, Ruunl..;ouit * u Mr. Charles Bridgmititi Pocli-heail ' ' "', — James Beizard, KotMrhithe-ftrtet • ' — John "Bear, Hungerford^inai'ket ' — John Barker, Efq. Manfel-ft^et — Mr. Thomas Brqomfl^Id — Brown — Charles Bligb, Navy Surgeon, AAon — J. Browning, CambcrwelT — James Bieni, l,ower Queen-flreet — Anthony Oldifs Baiieks, St. MartinVlani — Jonathan Banks, Oxford-llreet Count Battaglia, Soho fquare Mr. James Bircb, Little Moorfielda — Blaci^man, Symond's-inn — J of. Barton, Fenchuteh fticet — Thomas Brii.-f, jun. Lilypot-lane — William Butterfield, Hampllcad — (jeorge.Bcnfqn, Gray's-inn lane — Frederick Bettget, Hampllead — Brown, CIcrkenwell-gitcn — F'owlef Bean, Cambcrwell — lames Benoit, Skinncr-llrcet — Martin Bagwell — William Bandfield, Cambridge — John Beachum, Deptford — riiomas Butler, Noel-ftreet — Kdward Barnan), Amen-comer -.- Richard Btahenbury, New-intt — Bean, Cambcrwell — Butler, Coldthorp-mill ^: - ,'• — Briton, Chelfea •" '•••"- • T— John Butler, Silver-flrect — Richard Brooker, Twickenham — Thomas Baulch, jun. Illeworth — Benjamin Boggis, Warwick-ftreet -r. Baylis, Greenwich — Abr. Rodriques Brandon, Jamei-covirt >- Birch, Foley Bridge — John Frederick Bufckey — William Bethell, St. Martin-fc-grand — Zachary Boceroan, Derby Rev. V. L. Bernard, ReAor of Frintpn Mr. Ratcman, Leadenhall-ftieei Mrs. Anne Baulyn ^ , Mr. John Bell, Orange-court . • 'W'fl Mrs. Catharine Blake, Cantcfbuiy Mr. Buckhurft, Maidttone — Bariiei, Maidflone — Eeecking, .Maidftone ' •" " — Bi(h«p. ditto - - . . — B. Bottle, Harrietlhani — Bailey, Maidllone ' ' — B. Baindey, Woohvich — Bottle, Woolwich Capt. Burlliin, B!oyaI Artillery Mr. Bingle Kdward Barnard, Efq, /{ijtory e/Engknd :v •t" Ct ,ft "iH (t/i.. Mr. Clegg, Henrietta-ftreet — R. Caltlcman, Camberwell — Coikctt, Plymouth Lieut. Countefs, Royal Navy Mr William Cooper, Wardour-flrcet — Jofeph Coventry, Chrift llofuital — Alexander Cleueh, RatcliHc-highway — 1 .leph Conlingley, Tottenham-ilrcet — Ca|'[H;r, Kathoinne-place — George Cliapman, Rotherhithe — S. Conder, Cheaplide — T. CoiiJer, Falcon-fquare — Chapman, Iflingion — Cliajiel, Newgaie-ftreet — Daniel Coniewcll, St. Jamca's-walk — John Cobb, Houndfditth — Cotintefi, Fumival's inn — GriiTin Cooper, Cow-crofs — Childrey, lx;adcnhall-markct — Samuel Cooper, Bank — Compton, London wall — James Council, Dacre-ftreet — Thomai Chriftopher, Minoriea' w'l - ^'r — Jacob Clements, Bow- lane ^ — j. Ctifpio, Hatton-fticet ■- ... ..1..1 I -- Mr. John Chapman, DuU^bcilft' "U' ^ — ~- Clark, Fenchuich-flme I Mtnhi -- .^ Chandler, Soutl^rk ,vi.M [i''u|.. »•- >- ThomatCtAMrttt, OobUitt- -i vl iiiill ■ — Henry Crawter, Bookhub ' "'iH •'•'i >- John Crowe, Htlf-noaii-Mil ' * • ' — Chalfcr 't ,\,i\ - • — Felice Chabran, Lambeth 'IH n*M. ~- ~ WiUiani CtKki, Halfel-tollf "lil'i '' — — Clark, jun. Woolwich ' ••' ' *• f — — John Claplhue • '' — — Cook .{fi -■- .— Redmond Caweb, Hcwet'i-coutt ■ "' { — Thomas Comport, Elthun i • 'il — Jofeph Clark, Crutched-friars ' ' , • — Thomas Mitchant Cadwallader, KcQt - — Johii Co|x)> BaiinKhall-llreet ; — James Churcber, Maid-lonel ' - • — Richard Crabb, Fenchut(h-ftiecti li. --• — Cook, Hampllcad — Chclton, Hampllead — Clark, ditto — Connier, Battcrfea — William CoUins, Putn«y »?■'? '•' ' ■■'* Mrs. Clark, Caftlcftieet ' ' ' i Mr. S. Cdmpton, Clapton, Middlefot — Michael Craifton, St..Maq(ait(Mull - — Croker, Woolwicli . i ' . ! -r ii • — — Cheml, I>orthefte» f. •--. — Clayton, Reading ^ Mn. Anne Dit Carle, Stanoate^llieet Mr. George Codling, jun. Swaffhaa — Edward Collis, — L. J. Cole, Taviftock-ftieet — John Chrifty, Worceller-fttert ■ : — — William Cockayne, Derby • - •«, — Coufins, Chilham, Kent Mrs. Elizabetli Chapman. Gtavel-lan* Mr. Cox, Bow-lane — Richard Card, St. John'i-ftiwt — Collin, Uxbridge . :; . — . — Cogger. Maidllone •'' ■ Major Congravc, Royal Artilkijr . -it • - , ', ,7..,i . i I.-.' ! • • T..>»nV/ .:: i: - - Mr. Elijah Doitoran, Ghnville-ftrect Thomas Dodge, Efq. one of hit Majeft]r% Juftices of Peace, Exeter Mift Dtao, Whitt-lion-fticet Mr. Davies, Strand -< •";■! ' ' •; ;■. — Dupre, Godileman-llreet ''.; ' .— Nathan Downer, Bilhopfgate — Thomas Druce, Newgate lliect — Day, ChiffelUte^ — Henry Doiighty, Charles-ftreet ' ■ — Davey, Lawrence-lane ;' — Davies, Bermondfey-fquare "-1 — l>ent, Charlotte-ftreet i'| -- — C. D. Dede, Great Tower-hill . — Chrillant Dean, Duke ftreet '- ^. — Edward Dadley, Dcane-ftreet — Thomas Dorey, Union-coutt — — Duncll, Efq. iouthwark figault Deleponcy, Efqj Knightof the Em- pire, Confulof his Imperial Majelly, and Niavor of Calais Mr. M'Donncll, Mount llreet — Samuel Dicklegg, — Will'am Scio M. Donald, Whitecioft* ftreet — William Doyle, — Thomas Davis, Bermondl^y-fqtiare — Henry Doughty, jun. Charles-tlrtet — John Dcrichfon, Deptford — Klias Domfoid — Richard Downer, Bilhopfgate "-"_ ■ • — Nathan Downer, ditto — Dawfon, Walworth '•' ' — Dennis, Poplar — Deacon — Davies, Chelfea j — 1-,'enry Davies, Miles-lane — Matthew Dixon, New North-ftreet — Dexter, Little Queen-flreet » Mr. }l -r.-I 4 4 i I .^ fU > j i h I 1 • I' k (l \k ■■ » !J LIST Mr.*DliBan^]>iimByr,Elm<4art ' ^ Dunbar, Onenwich Mafar DawiMMn, Royil Artillery . Mn Ocwse Oeur, WooMch Ir OF S U # S C R 1 B B R 1 ':i r f!o Mr. SlrMt^iOliSbMlPSMtHoufe — Ellit. MUet-lute — EverlnuuiU) Gicit Portlind-ftrcet — Elyard, SwithenVkne >— Evim, SkkMictt! . ' — Edward, Holhom — John Eaft, Wine-Sntt: Henrv Evant, iSt^ Hanon-ftreet Mr. Henry Eickctmn, — Pierce .-Sdacwnbe, Bfompton — Earl, DalUniton — John Edwaitt, Mile-end — ^Villiam fivaai, Chnrch-llKct — Edwardi — William Edii, Hampton — Ely, Leman-ftreet Edward BalUiam, Erq. Eaflcott Mr. Robert Ereritt, Tooley-gaie — John Gale Everett, Heyleibury — ;janiei Earley, Kenfington .— John Enierfon, White-Iion-court — Edward ElUiM, Barbkaa — Jamo* Earky . ■ • ' • ■ "1 • Captain Edward Fajte, Royal Artillery Mr. Fofter, Rgchctter — Joiui FoMlAen, Major Foarbeth-paflan — William Fiaile. Cow.tane — William Fricker, IcMlenhall-market — J. H. Krcefe, Gicen-Leitiae-laqe Reverend J. Fofs, Arlington Mr. ^^'ilUam Flintoff, Barthokmiew-clale — Ffcele, Manfel-ftieet — Fox, Bow-ftreet — Fuman, Smitfaficld — Francei, St. Martin'i-laM — James Filher, fen. Minoiica — F. Fenton, St. Jamci't-ftreet .— Fairman, Ware — John Fenwick — Thomas Fletcher, near Bury — Thomas Field, Raflel-flteet — James Freerua, Warwick- Anet — Kieeland — Tivin Farmer, Ware — Flight, Worcefter — James Fry, TunbriUge — John Frief, BetfaneJ-green — William Forfar, Navy — William Finch, Goodmam-fields — WiUian Feltwelt, HarafiAead ti.<.:Jblui Fdton, Clapton — Thomas Frtft, Drptfbrd, Kent Captain William Frcncn, Grrenwicb Mailer Fowie, Reading- School Mr. Fulbrook — Fifher, Savile-row — James Fenton, Briilol ~r Fay, Southampton — Fullooo, ^^'hileclors-(lrm — Fidge, Maidftone — Fiiher, Deptford — John Fellows, Amhtr cf iht Nrw Hijiity ef thi Bikit in Verfr, lit Pmiftanl Alarm, ani Gnu Triumfhaiii, a Pttm, iSc, Mr. William Gregory. Poplar — John Gow, Royal Artillery — George Gariy — John Gurr, Navy Agent — James Gilham, St. Giles — John Greenwood, Brick-lane Capuin Girton, Newark Mrs. Suranah Groome, Great Wild-Ilreel Mr. GrecnwooUen, Taviftock-ftrect — Grcenfidc, America-fquatc — Green, Little Winchmer flteet — James Green, Widegate-ftreet — Gibfon, Execution-dock — De Garcia, Little Duke'a-pbce — Guell, Thamet-ftieet — FitzGcorge, Watling-llre* — Green — William Groome, Chijrwell, Eflcx — Jimci Godfn^, Duke-fiKct 4 — Edward Goodman, Melton — Greenwood, Holcome Virginia-flM , > 1 Ml. CanlMwry ^ ' ' — Gemel, Hertrord-llieet — Edward Groom, ^oad-IrM >» Jtinea Gbfpole :, ot flWtwn" — Gray — William Goflinjr, Gnfton-llMet — James Green, Ware — Gehot, Piiltaqr*flrett,„y Dr. Gf^.EMlwId ,v'U Mr. Geo^ Gayiller, Coat-luvfaont — Green, Ctoydoa, Surry — Gladwin, W^wonh — Nicholas Gearing, ditto — Gilbert, BUckwaU-yard — Gregotv, Poplar Mrs. Goodwin, Cartwricht-ftmt Lewis Gnnt, Efq. CMwa Mr. Gattec, CheIfe»4^>l)e|B — F. J. Guion, Smtfgid — Alex. Gibboa. Wapi^nx _ James Gall. Wickbaa — Gill, SMithanpton — Gray, Roft-Bieet — Groves, HouDdfdilch — Grainge, Uxbridge — Guard, of Covca|>Gaiden Tbcane — John Grigg -> JorephG3d,.Wildcmefs-Row H. Mr. WiUUm Hide. Hplbom — Harroway. Greenwich — Hammond, Jews^HarpTavun.ScMaiy. le-bone HiRorical Society, Canterbury Mr. Jane Hunt. Duke-ftteet Capuin WiOiam Hubbard, Cow-lane Mr. Hamlyne, Plymouth — William Hewctt, OtMoiA, Bodmin Lieutenant Hitchcock, nyroouth Meilrs. Haydon and Sod, BookfeDen and Ptiiueis. Plymonth Mr. Thomas Hattoo, Cannonbuy-placc, V. lington — Harris, Prefcot-ftreet — Thomas Hawey, Great Wild-ftrm — Holines, Long-acre -- Hobia, CroTs-Keys, Wood-ftitct — Hazknove, BiOioprgate Wiihin — Hoda^, ClouceiKr^oun — Hendetibo, Bafioghall-Arcet — William Heame, Alderroanbury — Humphreys, Throgmortoo-Arect — Howfe, Old Baiky — Tlwrnas Harrifon, Moocc's-yaid — Hill. WeU-flicet — Hue, Duke-ftreet — Thomas Homcock, Fket-market — W. Harvey, Gent. Iflington — Harper, DowgRte-hill — . Hargrave — Hughes — James Hon, Duke-ftreet, AUgaw — John GoaJrey Hamman, Mitre-court — Henry Hawky, Crofs-lane — Hodges, Attorney, Eliham — Holman, Northampton Reverend Mr. Hill, Billing Mifs Hunt, Duke-llreet Mr. WiUiam Horn :— Edward Hodgfon -^ Jofeph Hokbottfe, Holbom — Robert Hills, Hampton — De Hardy, Pultney-Arect — William Hampton, Tower hill — Jonathan Hak Haney, Wantage — W. H e, Kennington — George Hunt, HamplTead — Hill.Hampflead — Thomar Hallet, Batiet&a — Robert Henderfon, Tooky-Atcet — George Hatpley, Bedford-row — Heath, Bentick-ftreet — Robert Huffhi, Lcadenhall MaAer Jamts Hipon, Reading School Mr. Hak, Hanu — John Hart, Bradford — William Stephen Hayes, Uxbtidg* — Hilliar, Greenwich — EdwardHaAwcil Rev, Henry Hodfon, Vicar of Caningham and Tealby, Lincolofliire Or. Hudow, Warwick lkA.Hog^BlrikiJghaJ(' f T J-vAomaiHall, Asltneylftteet < ^-^ ^ Hoiton. Bioom,4Cent — John Hewfon, Rofe and Branch-alley — James |f*aer, Petherllone-Areti — Thofflib^flall, Winuford — Robert Horiham, Wapping r-'Hudden.Baibkan . ... tJ i- tfMlKM, 'P^MMiHM "•' ;<">'*» ^Mrst Havilibni Ridimond i (^ — AlldrMrHagg^B|r..Q||afnVRow.Ckt^^ linu Kiln «W Cirtmnlii tftiU Nativu Captain John HoUt Uiitr »/ th Oa»v* Etktin efCttk'iryaiu, CoMfLlTi •M >:lil).>..'.' Mn. Jacobfiw, Plyaoaik Capt. John, Saanton Mr. ShAmI Jonat Jan. Maid-lane — Robe-t Jenkiofun. Spa Fkldt — Thomas J«Mi,KingV>AfaM-yard — James, Lilile-Btll-alky » Jacobs. Paradife-row — Jones, Woolwich — James, Field-lane — P. Junes. St. Jamei-ftreet — Johnfon — William Inch. Six-pom — John lobnfon. Bir«hia>laD« — John ivei, Lamb-ttrcet ->- innct, HampAead — John Jaques. Higbgate — Jakens, Chaltens — Jones, Ifleworih — John Inglii, Berwick-ftretr Rev. Mr. Jonei, Dyfarl Mr. John, Bioonr, Kent — Jones, Lee, Kent — William lackfon. IflinglM — John Jackfen. Iflingion — Jones. Maid Aonc — ThMnia Jamctt Weolwkh K. Mr. Knight — William Knight, Woolwich — Thomas King. Market Aract, 8l James's R«v. Dr. KUdea, King-AnK — Kite, Woolwich — Kinninton j*****"^ — T. Kcllick. St. jMnes-arr< ,^ "* — Kynvin "^ — loleph Kemp. Blackwall — Knieht — Archibald M'Kennon. Greenwich Stigant K Kingihury, Southampmn Mr. Andrew M'Kcy, Straifurd — WiUiam Knight. Woolwich Mr. Lloyd, Royal N«»y — L*e, Newark — John Labrow. St. John't-ftreet — John Julius Lindner, Little Towet-S(«ct — Leverton, Gate-Areet Lieut. Hugh Lloyd, of the Navy Mr. Lock. Silver-ftreet — John I^nnindinc. Hoaadfditch — Lowndes, Aldermanbury Dr. Lettfom, Sambrock-court Mr. Looker, Welts-row, Illington — Geor|e Lnmley, Iflington — T. Liddiard. Great Ryder-ftreet — Luiten. Birchtn-lane — Jofeph Leonard, Deaa's-court — Low — Luff, Jun. Clerke«well-gteen — Lablond, Spittlc-C^aara — Charles Lepine, Ctnterbury — James Laing — Jannet Laing — John Lewis. Blackwall — Thomas Lambord, Lambeth — John LaOiley, Bedfotdbury Mr; \-!%y: M' ( T neyifticet ' *-*^ ;m e Mil Brnch-illey hcrllOM-Arcit inufotd Wtpping imoBd ■>!■(; .(^Ijicii'i-Rsw.Ckfirn aril, JiuStr (f iht JUi- •mtniii tfaU Katiui , Mdiitr tf ih OStvt fQftl, CoMfLITI >,\f\ *im. t 1. I "■■y aoth . r an.Maiii-UM ' — • >, Sm FieUi it-allty iM-llieet ix-pom r«hiii*lin« llfCCt I I nick-llretr firt , IflingiOB iogion Woolwich , Woolwich iltrlcct -kittt, St JiuBei'i iag-ftioM laekwall innon, Greenwich )C, Borough B«ll-«ourt itartlni-le-Graod >alce-ftr(et pfry-Afli ichampton r, Stratford , Woolwich L. iurf , John't-ilreet ner, Little Tower^SfMt treet of the Navy eet :, Hovndfditch nanbury ock-court row, Ifliogton (fliagtoa eat Ryder-llieet lane Deaa's-court evwell-gteea -f(|aarc Cuierbnry :lcwall d, I.tmbtih idfoidbury w.