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'Af>M'*i'j!^''''^'-!'!''i ^!g!^p-';?.d ■■'I-."'' r. i::i "T3C A i \\ CO O O o z o o I to HOW TO KNOW Tin; SHORE BIRDS (LIMICOL/fi) OF NORTH AMERICA (SOUTH UF GREENLAND AND ALASKA) Al,l. IHK SI'bXIKS IlKINi; i iKori'KD ArCOKlJlM. Kt Sl/K AMI TOI.OK HY CHARLES B. CORY Curator of the IXpailmeiit of Ornitlioloi^' in the Field Columbian Museum, Chiea^i;o: Fello-o of the Liiiii,raii and /.ooloxieal Societies of London: Member of the American Ornithologists' Union, and of the British Ornithologists' Union : Honorary Membet of the California Academy of Scitnces; Cor. Member New York Academy of Sciences, etc., etc. Author oi-"Tiik Ukautii ui. and Curious Birds oi the World," "The Birds ok the Bahama Islands," 'The Birds ok Haiti and San Domingo," "The Birds ok the West Indies," "A Natiralist in the Magdalen Islands," "Hunting and KisiiiNc IN Florida," " Key to ihe Water Birds ok Florida," " How TO KNOW THE DuCKS, GeESE AND SWANS," EIC, ETC. * FOK SAI.F. RV LiriLE, BROWN & CO 15 O S r O N 1897 ViC TOR!A, B. C. 1> ('Ol'VlllliHTKK, CIIA HI.KS U. (OK V llOSTON, 18U7. AI.IKKII MTKOK iM SON, I'lllNTKKS, 24 KKANKLIN STHKKT. I CONTENTS. I'llKKACK .....••■••■• How Tt) MK.AHIliK A IllllD ...•••••• (Jl.OSSAltV ....••••••■' ISllKX TO KkV .....•••••• Kk.V to TIIK SllOItl. Ullil.W OF NoltTII Ami:I!I< A KNOWN TO 0( « lH Sol Til o (IWKKNI.ANIl AND Al.ASKA ....•••• (iRon- 1. HinlH liaviii": wiii«r8 iiH'iiHiirinjj from :{.2.") to ;1.7') inclii'H loi)ii».i.. Tlu- riuilaioiu's . Hkci'uviko«tiiii>.i.. Till' Avocots ami Stilts " Sr<»i.oi'A.i.. Tlu' Sniju's, SaiidpiiMTs. otc. »• CllAUAIMMIO.K. 'I'llO riOVCrS . AniiMZio.K. TIh' Surf IJinln and Tmnstouos " Il.KMATOi ID.K. Till' ()y tor CatchiMs . »* .Iacamd.k. The .lafamis Index l-AtiK ') 7 9 11 13 13 U 16 21 24 •2H 31 35 38 71 7'.» 82 «•) 87 '.^".IS PREFACE. « 'Pile iufsciil work is iiitt'iitlfd to mccl tlic wuil of :i liiriff miiiiiIht of |)frsoiis, I'siu'ciiillv s|i()rlsiin'ii. who air iiittTt'slcd in liinls miuI >iiI<1 likr lu know tlicir hmmics, lint oft. n linil it no rjisy Ifisk to identify tlu'in I'V llif ■• binl hooks." To nil siicli I otTcr this Kev. in wliicli tlu" s|nM'it's arc iiiT:in;.nil in iiroiips ncconlinir to si/«', snid lii'licvi- it will cniiMt' any one nnfaniiliar witli birds to identify witli comparative ease aiiv species of oiii' North .\nierican Shore llirds. JJirdH vary so nnicli in si/e tliat llie li'iiijl/i of any one specimen cannot l-e accepted an a standard for others of the same species. The len' measuriuff from nine to twelve inches lon«;, and is dividi-d into three sections; Sections 1 and 2 compris- iii"' l)irds havinji four toes, and Se<'tion .'>, birds with three toes, (hir bird has four toes, so we U>ok for it under Section 1 or 2. We lind that birds under Section 1 have the bill curved downward, and Itirds under Section 2 have tiie bill curved upward, or nearly straight. Our bird has the bill curved downward. We therefore look for it under Section 1 . We find but two birds included under Section 1 ; one with axillars reddish brown, marked with black, and the other having the axillars banded with slaty 6 PREFACE. brown ond dull white. As the bird before us has slaty browu axMUars banded with dull white, it must be tlie Hudsonian Curlew, Xumetu'iis hiKlsoiiinin. The axillary plumes are often a very important aid in determininjf ii si)eeies. and the hefjinner shoidd learn where to look for tiiem and to recognize them at a glance. (See cut, page 10.) All measurements of birds are given in inches and fractions of an inch. The following diagrams will illustrate iiow a bird siiould l»e measinvd. and tlie clnirt (page 10) will lie useful to tiie young student of ornithology wiio may not l)c familiar with the technical terms used in describing birds. Sucii terms as i)rimaries and axiilars should i)e learned at once. It is customary to indicate the sexes \>\ the signs of Mars and Venus; the male, of course, being given that of Mars, $, and the fenude, Venus, 9 . In preparing the Key, a large number of birds were examined and measured. In this connection, my thanks are due to Dr. .1. A. Allen, of the .Vmerican .Museum of Natural History; and to .Mr. Robert Kidgway, of the Smithsonian Institute, for the loan of many specimens for examination; and especially to Mr. William Hrewster, for free access to his magnilicent collection in Cambridge. The illustrations are the work of .Mr. Edward Knobel. CIIAKMvS H. COHY HosTON. Mass.. .Tiiiji- -20. 1S!I7. HOW TO MEASURE A BIRD. Length Wing (.7) MOAV TO MKAsritK A ItlKD. 4* WiiKj. Distance from carpal joint (' (licndof wing) to tlic tip of liu' loiiiivst pri- mary I). Sec cnt on pap;i' 7. Lt'iKjtli. Distance in a straijiiit line from tiic e-id of tlic hill to tlie tip of tlie Ion<>;est tail feather. (Occasionally the middle tVatiiers :\vv miicli elongated, as in the Old Sqnaw «nd Pintail Duck, and in other famiMes of Ijirds, sncli as I'liK'thon and Stercorarius. In sucii cases it is well to trivt' the lensith from bill to longest tail feather, and also to end of outer tail featlier.) Tail. Distance from the tip of the longest tail feather to its liase (the point where it enters the itody). Hill. The distance in a straight line from where the hill (upper mandiliie) joins tiie skin of the forehead (A) to the tip (H). ('I'here arc a few exceptions to this rule, such as l)irds with frontal plate, etc. Some curved hills are measured along tiie curve of the culmeii, and at tinu-s it is advisable to measure from tJie nostril to the tip of the hill, itut in such cases it should always he so stated.) Tiimiifi. Distance m J'ront of the leg from wiiat ap/ii'dis to lie the knee joint (end of tibia) to the root of the middle toe. .Vll measurements are given in incln's and fractious of an incii. GLOSSARY. N..!uly :.ll tlH- terms usi'.l in .Icscnl.iii- a I'inl luny In- u.oiv oasily mihI rU-.u\y „„,l.,st 1 hv rxaininin- tlu' i.f cxplaiiiition. Mandibles. - Sonu- autlmrs ns,. tlu> wonl nw.rllln for tli. .ipiu-r half of tlu l.ill, a.ul „„n.,ni,lr for th.- l..w..r. I prHVr. l,..w.v.r. to .l.-s.-rilu- tin- tw.. halves ..f tlu- bill :is iippt'i' anil lower mandilile. Culmen. — Tlie ri(l;j;e of the upper mamliMe. QonyS. — l-<»«er outline (mid.lle) of under man.lil.le. UnKuis.-Tlu.nailon the eml of the upper n.andil.le; very p.omunu-ed in several nunilies of water hir.ls, - l)u<-ks, IVlh'ans, and IVtrels. Axillar. or Axillary Plumes. - Several elongated feathers at the Junetion of the wi.iii :u..l body. (l.al. axilla, the arm-pit.) Speculum. -A win. band or pateh (usually of a di.Verent eolor fron. the res. of „„...in,). fonnedby the tern.inal portion of the seeoudaries ; very no.ieeable n. till' Dueks. Tarsus - KMends fron. the root of the toes ,o the end of the tibia (what <,, to ,,.,,,,,,,,.,,,,.,, .He, or Uuee: but wlneh is. in reality, the heeljoint). Superciliary Stripe. - Stripe over the eye. I(» (.I.C(>^\li\ j Umler Wing f 'ot'rrfs ^^^^^^^zj?-^^-^^^^ ('iirpiis •■■'' _ PrimttrieA Cubntn K : : Superclliitrii Slri/h I'pper Afaiiilihl,: ^res \('nvr„ ; Foreh Occiput liirirtf/fir.t or ICiir Couer^f -.'Ar/dr lifiiinii or Phnh ■ Si.le „f jVerX- Ruck Sprciiluiii lining of Duck showing speculum. CariHilJoint - ' l^enser Wiinj Cirerls Miililli Wing <\>rtrta Grenlir Voecrls Vitth( A CoocTia y„»iil Tiihet Vni/tiia \ or Xiii Bill oj Fulmar Petrel, omcr^ Toe \ Miildle Toe Inner Toe Black -breast PU over. - llitHl To INDEX TO KEY. Qroup 1. Birds having wings from 3.25 to 3.75 inches long Group 2. Birds having wings from 3.75 to 4.50 inches long Section 1. 'I'oos 4. with siiiiill lobati' wclis .... Section '2. " 4, *' •• webs (not lo1);itt') lictwci'ii toes at linse ......... Section ;>. 'I'oes 4, witiiont welis ...... Section 4. " ;i. liill nndi-r .(iO ...... Section ."). •' ;>, •' over .(iO Group 3. Birds having wings from 4.50 to 5.50 inches long Section 1. Toes 4. a small welt lietween toes; Ijill nnder l.T.'i . Section -J. '• 4. " '• )verl.7.") Section."!. •' 4. without webs ; liill over 2 . . . ■ Section 4. " I, " " " ovei' l.li» and less than l.'.io Section .'). Toes 1. without webs; bill nnder 1.1(1 Section fi. •' ;>, bill over .. 'i'cu's 4. with small loliate welis Section 1. " 1. without welis ; liill over •_' . Section ."». •' 4, *' " " under 2 . I'AdF. i;'. 14 14 14 14 la 1.") li! k; 17 17 1.S lit 2(1 2(t 21 21 21 22 22 22 VZ INDEX TO KKV. Group 5. Birds having wings from 6.75 to 9 inches long . Soction 1. TiH's I. with iimrfor U-sfs wt'l.; liill cnrvotl upward or stniiiilit. — liill over L'.iiO iiiclu's l()ii. •■ ;> bill curved downward •' " upward or nearly strair<' *<• 14 KKV TO TIIK SIIOHK IMI!I>S OV NOIMII AMKHKA. GROUP M. Birds having wings from 3.75 to 4-50 inches long. Section I. Toes, 4, with small lobate webs. MdiT or U'ss niloiis mi siilf- ol iii'ck. ^orthern Phalarope. I'liiiliiriiifiis hiliiitKs. I'liii1:ini|iiis l. Section 2. Toes, 4, with small web (not lobate) at base. Bill, under .85: I>mcU. ii"t ;;ifciiisli .iliv«': liill. I'lilirt-ly Semipalmated Sandpiper. h'rriiiii lis /iiis/Hiix. Sec |p;i<:(' T)!. Krciiiicio |Ui-illii^. Bill, over .85; t);ivk. not jii-cenNh "livf: liill. l>l:ick : in. wliitr i);iHli on inii.T \vet)li of third iirinuivv. .., ^ c- ^ j ' • Western Sandpiper. /■Jl'iltllctiti iiiriih'iitnliK. See paji'c r)2. SniiiU wfl, l.ctw.'i'M outer ;iuil middle toe: l>ill. "viir .s5 : back, greenish olive, soniflimes Imiidi'il: iiiidtT iiiaiidililc, imlc yellow (in III.m: lliinl priniHiy tind inniT iirimarii's witli imtcli of white on intu'i- wch. _ Spotted Sandpiper. Afli/r.s iiiacnUiriii. tSt't' pairo tl(i. Section 3. Toes, 4, without web. -ifv^ Belly, wliite: hill, l.lack. Least Sandpiper. Trhiijd tiiiinilillii. See |ia}?e 4S. rriii».M MiiiiiitiM.'i. KKV TO Tlir, SIIDIM". l'.ll!l)S OF NOIiTII AM KIMCA. 15 Section 4. Toes, 3 ; bill, under .60. I!ill,()r;iii;;t! ;it liiisc, llii' ti|i. IiImcK: Ir^s, iliill llrsli inlor: m IiImcK snipe tViiili liill |i;issii|i;' iiiiiItT cyi'. Semipalmated Plover. Acijiiflith SI iiii/i'iliiiiild. Sec )i!i;;t' "."i. At'jri.ilili^ sc'iiii |imIiikiI;i. Mill, oriiiijic ill li.isc, tilt' tip, Mack: tiit- ic^s. oiaii^o yt'iiow : I w u middle tail t'ealliers, tipped witli wliite; no lijaek stripe trum hill lo eye: lilaek l)reast iiaiid mil cuiiiliKMit. Species not found west of the Rocky Mountains. Piping Plover. AciiliiliUs )iiihiihi. See pajtc 75. Bill, (iniiiirc al liase, (lie tiji. hj.'iek : le;;s. or.aiiire yellow: middle tail fi'allii-fs. lipped Willi wliile: no lilaek sii-i|ie rnmi liill In eye: a continuous black band on breast. Species not found west of Rocky Mountains. Belted Piping Plover. Aiijidlitis 7111 IihIii, i-irriiiiirhiftii. See pay.'e 7(!. =^> r.ill, eiilirely hlack : leijs. slale enlur: Iwii iiiller tail I'eallieis. cii- lirely while: two middle leatlievs, not lipped willi while: iiu liliirk St I'ipe Irom liil! In eye. Kan^'es I'nim Tcx.'is and Kansas west tti the I'.aeilic ( )ee,in : casu.il in Western Klnrida and "^^^^^^57 ( ulia: not known to occur on the Atlantic Coast. Snowy Plover. Aiijiiltil i!< iiirnsd. See pane 70. AfL'ialilis iiivii^ii. Section 5. Toes, 3 ; bill, over .60. A vorv sm:ill weli between outer and middle toes: hill, larffo and thick: a hand of hliick (male) or hrown (^I'emali') on Ill-east. AcLiiiililis \Vil well lirlwcrri l.u-: lii||. iicil lliick. SanderliiiK Sandpiper. ' ''iliilris tin iiiiriii. Sci' |(;ii;c ."i.'t. <';ilcilri.- .inMiiMi,!, GROUP III. Birds having wings measuring from 4.5O to 5.50 inches long Section 1. Toes, 4, a small web between toes; bill, under 1.75. Bill, under 1.75. Tarsus, over 1.30. \:\y~H< |r"■'" '""''"' «i'l' ''l^"k ■■ » ... : belly, redaUh lo'S.u'jr.""-' "- " ' ""■ "'"• — " Red Phalarope. C'r;iiiiiijil,ih(K fiiliriirins. Sci' |iai;f ,'{2. oilier anil n.iiiille toe. <'ryniii|iliilii^ liiliciiriiis. I'lial.'iriipiis loliiitiis. I!aek srayi.1, streaked „i,l. tawny; l.elly. white: ,o,... ,,,,,,,. wel.hed; hill, under 1.05: larsns, .nider 1. ' Northern Phalarope. I'halarii/>iis /ului/iis. See pajje ;t;{. KKV TO TIIK silOltK IllKDS (IT NOICTII AM KIMC \. 17 «r. r.iick, f^r.iyi.-li. iiiiiikcil wiili chestnut brown; belly, white; bill, over 1.05; i.nsiis, ovi-r 1. Wilson's Phalarope. I'Uiihtrojiit!* (n'i'dlor, /< ntah . Sec jiajic .'M. riiul!irc)|Pii^ trlniltir. l'.:u'k."T:ivisli,iiinii It'll willitlusUv or wliilisli: l.ill. ovtT l.lt.-): t.iirsiis. ..vcr 1 iiirh. "^ ' Wilson's Phalarope. I'halariijius trinilur, mulf. s<'i' pjif^f ;m. Section 2. Toes, 4, a small web between outer and middle toes; bill, over 1.75. Miinoiliiiinpliiis -rU.ii-. Mi.rn.iliiiiii|.lius Kiir^ous. Bill, over 1.75. Axillars. whilf, Imriva wiHi .lark brown : niiiip and tail, wliitc. siMiltcil and liaiidcd with Itlark. Dowitcher, Red -breasted Snipe. il/iR'/'i»7/i/(//yi//"N iiriffKn, and Long-billed Dowitcher. M(icrorluiiniihi(.-< xciilojiacvna. St'o pajjc 1 1 . Section 3. Toes, 4, without webs ; bill, over 2 inches long. Axillars, rufous brown, witliont liars: hrlly, ImlV i'.)l..r. Woodcock. Vhihihilii minor. See paf^i" ;{S. Axillars, barred black and white ; l» ll.v, wliii. ; npptr tail I'ovcrts and tail, tawny, ninir ..r less niafki-d with lilai'k. Wilson's Snipe. Jack Snipe. (fi(llhiiiiii> (Inlirata. 8('i' page 1^0. l.s M;V Tu nil.; M„,i:|.; ,;,,;,,> <,^. j,.,„..,.,| xMKIilCA. Section 4. Toes, 4, without web; bill, over 1. 10 and less than 1 .90. mil. decurved ,.. ,„ ti,,: one or more of Inner .necon- _ _/- darles, almost entirely white ; .,./„, /„// , ,„, ,,. ,„„ ^^ :wilic;i. Ked-backed Sandpiper. American Dunlin. 'I riilijii III III II, t i„irljii;i. .Sl'l- |(,|;r,. (!(. "'"•^.'''■•■'"■^" ••'"• ""• >i|': upper tail coverts. white, banded with black m .IhK i.n.u,,. Curlew Sandpiper. 'I'l'liiifi frrrinihii II. See |)iin,. 50. TnMi.'ii l('rni;.'iiii::i. 'I'jiil Mini ii|>|>('i' hiil rim-il- Tiiii>.M iiijiiiiliiui. r.iil ,111.1 ii|.|,i'r' i;ii| i-nvrii- <"ll.ni.Mrly.in,i-hi: ImH.. ,„,,.k..,| u ill, |„„ „ v ,,,„l I'lK U : hi. .„t with numerous narrow, brown streaks; //-//r .,,• /,„„ ,.,,,,.,„„/,„.„ ^. „/ ,^^^^^.^ ,„,;,■, i,, -A//. lower rump and upper tail coverts, black; 11,1. ri.„h,.,.s ,„„, |,.„ ,i|,|„„, ^^.|,_ iHitl. Two middle tall feathers loHjrer than the other.s. Pectoral Sandpiper Qrass Bird. 'I'riiiiiii iHiiritlniit, Sen yif.-,. .J5. ! nii;;:i iiKiii|[:it;i liill. iii'.irly sii-;,iiri,|; back, dark' ri..,ii„.i-« ,.,i,r i -.i Krayish .iil„.,.i hniu ., i,....! Z- ,i '.-..":'"' ■■'^''>- '"' '>""= breast, emiivlywhii..: le^s and fe^'L..: .=.."":'", " '""■■': -" i- ^'l-.l .eKs and feet, yellow i,.nn,. p.,. ,,-;;, .:;;;:;;■—; Murple Sandpiper. I'l'hiijii iiiiirllhiiii. KKV lo I'lir. siioiiK HiijDs or Noirni amkuka. 19 I'.ii "US, DMT l.T'i; miililli' l<»', over 1.(10; primarifs, \t;[\v ■ ',; .^ v"■ll<|^^i-ll jii'i'i'ti; bend of > '^ ^^ <~r\^ winjt with sharp spur. Mexican Jacana. • lllldlKl SIlillllKII ••^^1S^5^ ... .Iiii'iiiia -iiiiKisi, Section 5. Toes, 4, without web; bill, under 1.10. Upper tail coverts, wliite ; inmi wi li- nt |irini;iri<'« iioi spccl.' •il. 'I'tiii'.':! rii-i'ii'iilli-. TrIliKit rii-clriilllr-. White Humped Sandpiper. 'rrhniii fiisn'collix. Sec pjlfje Hi. \ 'riiiiLM ip^iiiiiii. •rail.iii'l u|i|»'il.iili.ivcil^ 'riiiina iiiiiriiliila. I'Mil :iihI ii|iin'r tail rovi'lU. 'ri\ nuilf- >iiliinll('ollls. t'lr.-t priuia-y. Middle upper tail coverts, smoky or duslty, iptlcii tippcil willi liiill'; iiiiicr \v('l>s n[ priiiiarifs iMit -pccklcd : sill.'-, wliitc; middle toe and claw, less than .<>5. Baird's Sandpiper. Triiiijii Uitivilii. Sec \K\\n- t". niddle upper tail covens, black, oltcii narrowly lipped Willi hrKwiiisti liiilV: iniH'i- wclw of pri- iiiai'ics, iiol speckled; middle toe ;ind elaw, ovei' .",1."): middle l.iil leallieis decidedly l(>iij;er lliail III,, ,,,,i. Pectoral Sandpiper. Grass Bird. Triiiijd lunciildlii. See pafje 45. Iiiiiei' wehs of iiriniiiries speckled. Buff-breasted Sandpiper. Try)is or Noitrii a.mkkica. Section 6. Toes, 3 ; bill, over .60 in. Mill. lilaeU: shoiililtT i lesser ;iiiil middle wiiiu' cKverts .. Iirowii; no web lu'tweeii toes: lejrs, lilaek. SanderlinK Sandpiper. < 'iiltilris iiri ii'in'ti. See l»ii<;'e ."i;{. ( ;iliilris ;ircii:irii' \ AfiTiiilili.- \Vil-ciiii;i Uill, lliiek: shuiilder i ies-er ;iiid miildle wiiii: coveil- . \\A\\ 'n-;iy. Ie;;s, dull lles|i eiilor: ;i shimII well lielweeii toi's. Wilson's Plover. A'iiinlih\ IIV/mi/"'". See jmi^e 77. Section 7. Toes, 3 ; bill, under .60. r.ill, or;iii;;-e at liase, tlie till, lil.iek : l«'i;>. dull l!e-li e.iliir; .1 black siiiiie from bill passiiiji under eyi. Semi pal mated Plover. Kin^ Neck. .[(ijidi ill's si-iiiiiiiniiiiitn. See i)a^e 7"). .Voiriiiliti> sciMiii:iliii:ilM. ISill, oraiij^e al base, tlie tip. black: li',i;s, (iraiine yellnw ; iki lilaek siii|M' timii bill toeye: black breast band, liol ciuilliieiil : 1 w o middle lail bat liei>. tipped with white. Kasierii species not bmiid west (it Itockv Mniiiitaiiis. Piping Plover. Aitiiiiliiis iiifliiilii. Sec lia^e 75. Iiill, (iraiij;e al liase. tlie tij). liiack: le^s. maiiu'e yelbiw : im black siripe fium bill to eye: breast band, continuous and nut lnnken iu tbe middle: two uiiiidle tail b'atbei's. tipped with white. Ilasiern • pedes nni lound west ot liocky Mountains. Belted Piping Plover. Al ili'ililis iikIiiiIii riri'iiiiiriiifld . Iiill. entirely black: li>i;s. slate color: no black -Iripe tinm bill to eye; two middle lail lealliers. not tipped with white; two outer tail lealliers, wliile. Westi'in species iani;es j'lom 'I'eNas and Kansas, west, lo the I'acilic Ocean. Ai'cidenlal in l''loi-ida. Snowy Plover. Acijiillilix iiinisii. Afulalitls iiivii-a. Hiiii pil^c 7(5. KKY TO TIIK SlIOUK BIRDS OK XOKIIl A.MKUICA. 21 GROUP IV. Birds having wings from 5.50 to 6.75 inches long. Section 1. Toes, 4, a small web between outer and middle toe; bill, over 1.80. ri>|MT tMil CnV.M-t.S Mini llxillMl-S, wlllt.-, Sputt.-.l Ml' hllVtVll with (lu-'ky: liill, h'-miIv stniif-lit. Red-breasted Snipe, or Dowitcher. Mdn-nrhiiiiii'liHi iiriKius. Western Red-breasted Snipe, or, Long-billed Dowitcher. MitxriirlKiiiijiliiia sC(ihii>(Vi iia. .M.ii'iiii-li:ini|ilni- j;ri>cii- Section 2. Toes, 4, a small web between outer and middle toe; bill, under 1.80. ^^ Tarsu. iin.l nruMl'' t-- t..i.-.'lli.M-. inuiv thim -J.CO u.cli.-. ~^ l„„jj ; outer p'-n..;.ry.sl;.t..lnuwn,witl.n.>ll..ns. Itump X an.l .il)l.*'r tail cM.v.Tts. whif, inoiv or Irss hannl # wi.h ...own ; legs, yellow. ^^^^^^ vellow-le.,. Src iiaii'i' -"i^- and u|.|MT tail r-.v.Tis. plunihr..-.-^ htmv . MNill.n-. >l.it> ^i . This sprci.- ihM.s n..i u.riir in Ma-^l.Tn I niird Mal.'>. Wandering lattler. lfil( riiclili" iii''inin.<. Sec pii<::<' <>i. ra.sn. a.Ml n.iM,II.. to-. to.u'.'tluT, h'ss thnn 2.00. nppn l^n > ,„,,,,,/ ,nfh u,„rk: o.n.T pntnai-y. slat.- I.n.xvn. without imi^. ^^.^^ Sandpiper. MicraiKil'iiii'i hiiiKnilnpiif!. (Hit.T iMiinary. wliili-^ii, hanvd witli dark l.mwn. Bartramian Sandpiper. " Upland Plover." Biirirmnid loii(jii'ii>ir lcs> rcddisli Ipimwii. Red Phalarope. ('ritiiiiiiilill lis I'll I irii rills. Set' p.iiic ;t-j. Section 4. Toes, 4, without webs; bill, over 2 in. l.dWtT lii'llv, wliilisli HI- wliili' : .ixilhir-. liMricci lil;icl< ;itiil wliilc. Wilson's Snipe. Jack Snipe. Irilllillilijli llrlinilil. Sec I>;i<|;<' ;{'.). (lalliiiM.i:'(i ilclii'MtM. Ui'lly, I'lilV ccilor: ;i\ill:iis, lulcni* lnnw u. riiilulicia iiiiiMir. Woodcock. I'liiliilii III iiiiimr. Set' pMi:'!' ,'iS. Section 5. Toes, 4, without webs ; bill, under 2. «^. — ~ Rump, gray; iiii|mi- i;iil .mivii-. wliiii^h. li.imlrd m- niMrk.'d ^ Willi lil;n'k: ii r wrh-; (it |iriiii:iric< Mill -|ircklci|. Knot. 'J'riiii/ii. I'll Hill iin, S('(! liiiKt' i;{. 'I'niinii caniitii-:. KKY TO Tin: SIIOUK lilliDS OK NOlfTII A.MKKICA. 23 A|iliii/.i viiv^ilii. i:mii|i. liiMwiiisli or ornyisli: iippci- tiiil covcils. wliilc. willioiit l)l;ick Iciiids HI- spots: t;iil, dark, tipiicil Willi vvliitc; axillars, wliitc. A I'arilic ■ilifcics iiollnmid in Kastcrii N'orth AiiKM-iea. Surf Bird. Aiihvi:c(i riri/d/ii, St!0 \>Ujlt' "!>. 5V^ /^=e, Arciiaiia iiili'r|iir-. Throat, white; rump and upper tail coverts, white (riot liaiidt'd ) : linicr wcli ni primarifs not spwlvk'd. Turnstone. " Chiclcen Plover. jirriiiirin iiiiii-prrs. Sec i)a and upper tail eoverts, oranye lirown. Killdeer Plover. ./■.'ijidlitiK riirifini. See imj?e 74. u KKY TO TlIK SIKiKi: lUUDS OK NOIiTII AMKIMCA. GROUP V. Birds having wings from 6.75 to 9 inches long. Section I. Toes, 4, with more or less web; bill, curved upwards or straight; bill, over 2.60. Axillars, white: ImIIv, wliitf; first primary, darit with dark shaft ; lOJ) (it licilil ,111(1 llilpf, iiiil hl.icU: liill. ciiivtMl u[)\v:iril. American avocet. /,'< rurfira^irc itmirifitnu. Hrcuivinpsliii ;iiniMii'an:i. Axillars, white : lu'lly. while: first primary, darlt, with darlt shaft; l(Mis. vriy Imiii. nisc pink iiililV; bill, iiciirly slriiinlit : top of head and nape, black. Black-necked Stilt. IlimiDilnjiiis m'.iiruiius. Sec [nif^c .'{7. lliiiiinilH|iii> iiic\ii-;nni-. ,.^52311^ Axillars, smoky black; belly, wliilf: tfrmiiiiil third of uiiicr |irini:iiy. bhirk; the rest, whlli'; 1)111, iic;irly stniij-hl. Willet ( Siimiihimla m-inipiiliiinia) and Western Wlllet {Si/iiiiihctiiiii ni'iuijiiiliiiitiii iiiiiniKiii). See page 00. SyiniilR'inlii s(MMi;iir lii. KKV TO TIIK .SIIOI.'K I51ltl)t< Ol" NOIiTII AM KKICA. 25 Axillars, dark gray, or soui y ^r;i.v ; 1m lly. i;i isli wiiili-: first primary, dark slaty brown with white shaft; liill, mrv.il u|i\v:iril: upper tail coverts mostly white. Hudsonian (iodwit. I.illlllSII llll Ill'ISlil'll. Axillars, rufous brown; upper iiiil i'i>v- crls, lint wliilc: liclly. luiH': sdinclinii's IkhtciI with ilark lnowii: primaries, pale rufous brown with numerous dark dots ; shaft of prlmarles,white ; liill. I'urvcil ii|)Wiiril. narbled Godwit. LiliUiXii fiihul. Sec pil^'f .^t. l.iiiiD^u li'iliiii. Section 2. Toes, 4, without webs ; bill, nearly straight ; bill, over 2.60. Axillars, banded with white and grayish brown; 1m lly. p;ile hidwii. huiKltd witli iliirU hiowii: priiiKirii's. .lirayisli brown: outer webs, banded with pale brown or rufous brown; sluift ul' priiniirics. tl;iiU: liill. iii'Mily sir,ii,i;lii. European Woodcock. SnihijKi.i- rnslifolii. Si'c pMji'i' -W. Section 3. Toes, 4 (with small web) ; bill, slightly curved upward or straight; bill, under 2.60 and over 1.50. /Si Axillars, smoky black ; li.'lly. white: outer priuuiry :^/ iennin;il tliinl, hl.ieU. rest, wiiite: luiup. jjiiiy : u|iper ^^^___^^^,)lTiiS|^y^--^ tiiil eoverts. Willi Willet. See paj^e (10. ■yt 26 KKV TO TIIK SMoiiK l!ll!l>S OK NOKTII AMKIMCA. 1 J Axillars, white, uiih t,.« liuhi l,n,u, ,„,,,. H,,. ..|i,l.: I.HIv. «l.iir: ..,m.t I'liiii.ny -hiik, Willi sli.ih .•hit..; rump, white witliout bars; upper tair coverts, white wltnout bars; less, olive Rreen. (ireenshanlt. 'J'lllllllll.S IllhllhtrillS. Sec li;if;'(' "jS. Axilfars, tJarIt jtray; uuirr |.i-ii„,-iiy. I.n.wni.li -l.n,. ,..,|nr: ,|,,,li. nhiii.l,: nimj. •'"'i 'i|.|M.r iMil ruv.Tis plumbeous gray. I'.KMli.- -|Mvi..-. ,|u,.< ,„,i ...•.•m- in lt,ii. '^•'^"" "I"'"- "liKJi (!>„.< i,„| occur ill K.isi.. I'll \o,v A IMcriCM. Axillars, «moky black liim ,,,lin,,, i i -a,.; :i...nv,,..,,;,::j,,^:,;::,;;,,::'';'\' -'•'•- -s,; „i,.„ ,.c. v,.i.v Wandering Tatler. ILliniriids iiiniiiiis. Sec pjigo (II. ''.■H'l<, IIKllllcil. Black-beliied Plover. .S'/iiiil,inil,i K'liiiihiriilK, S.'.- pM"v 72. KKV TO rilK SIIOUK lilltDS OK Nolilll AMKIMCA. 27 Section 5. Toes, 4, with small web ; bill, curved down= ward; bill, over 2 inches long. A\ill:ii>, I'riiiiMiii's. Imricil : MNilliirs, Ipiincil. Hudsonian Curlew. Jack Curlew. Xlllllilliua ludlxoiiicitf:. /■ rv\ Nunicniii- hiiiUoiiiru.- Niiiiic'irni- lii.ii'iili-. I'i-iin;nic'«. willu'iil h;ii-s: iiNill.irs, liiini'il. Esquimaux Curlew. Dou^h Bird. Xiliiniiiiis liiii'i iilis. Section 6. Toes, 4 (cleft to base), without webs. .\|iliii/.:i viiniil:i. ' rppiT l:iil fi'Vi'lls. wliilc. liiliMliil- I'Miilic ('(ia~t of N'orili .\nicric;i : iml rci'dnlcd Iroiii M.i-ti'iii I'liilcd Sl;itt',<. Surf Bird. A/ilirir.d rifijdlii. Section 7. Toes, 3. liiiinp, oniiijiv l.rowii: uikI.t parH. wliil.' witli two I.Imi'U Iimii.Is ..iiilit! l.ivii^l : iixilliivs, pun' wliilf. Killdeer Plover. . Kiiiiilitis lUii-ii'i vti . Si'c 11:141' 7 I. 2S KKV TO TIIK SIIOliK I'.II.'DS OK NoliTIl AMKIMCA. AxilliHN. ciTiiy : iiiiiii). ii'it (ir;mi;c lirown CIlMIMlllillS l|(llllillil-llS. Golden Plover. ' '/''ii'ddi'lila iliKiiiiiirii.t, Sec |(;ii;c 7;{. '^ Axilliirs. smoky Llnck: mini) JUmI iijiimt tail covprls, ii.>i .,rMii,i-c lirown. This s,M.(.u., ims lour t-.cs (ii„. u\w\ i,«. imMiij!' >.. -n.Mii iMiM it „ii,-n .•>,.,|m.s „„(i.T . Black-bellied Plovcr mill inoiuMly lirlnn;rs ill (irc.iip.V Sccti,,!! .!, Imt iiwiiiLMd the Ciii'l tli'il i! U ,-,,i, / •; ; • GROUP VI. Birds having wings measuring from 9 to 12 inches long. Section I. Toes, 4; bill, curved downward. Axlllars, reddish brown with nar- row black marks ; Im My. Iinl): bill usually over four inches. Long-billed Curlew. Sickle-bill Curlew. Xiimrnius lo)iiiiriis/ri,t. See p.'ijrc iu. Ax i liars, banded with slaty brown and dull white; lit'lly. whitish : hill, nndcr four inches. Jack Curlew. Hudsonian Curlew. Sec |i;i;;<' C.S. 'm^%^ "%^^J% lliiilsdiii.'iii Curlew . .\\ill.-iis. KKV lO TIIK SIIOKK lilKDS OF NOKIII AMKIMCA. Section 2. Toes, 4; bill, curved upward, or nearly straight. Axillars rufous ; jiriininics. nildus. (lnU(Ml Willi IiImcU. Marbled (iodwit. l.itiliiH(t u-iliiii. 8i't' l>:il^c -i^' hiiiiiisii IViliia. Section 3. Toes, 3; bill nearly straight. Il:riii:iliilills ii.illwilii I'pixT tiiil covt'i-ls. white: l)iil, red. American Oyster-catcher. IIifma''()ii)i.i I'lilliniiis. Sci! pjigc S2. rplMT t;iil coverts, mixed lnowii and wliite: hiil, red. Paeifie coiist ^iieeies does not oeeiir ill Kiisteni North Anieriea. Frazar's Oyster-catcher. Uii iiiiiliiiiiis r'rii::ifrf. Seo jiali:i|Mn.|ic'. The I*liiil!ii'oi)()"iiii ensily nnd iirnct'fiilly, inid tiiey :uv often oliserved in tloeks fnr out :it sea. Tile feniiile is iaru'er and nioi'e iiiiiiilv colored tiian tlie male. 32 SI|f»i;K miMiS or NOKTII VMI'.IMCA. Gkms CRYMOPHILUS Villi 1.. I ( l\inii|iliilii- I'liMc'Mi'iii-. tf,illici> nliiic CnMiiipliilii* lulli'iiiiii.-. CRVnOPHILUS FULICARIUS (//////). Red Phularope. (iray Phalarope. Si:A-(iuusi;. \\ iiAi.K-lliiiii. I'lKW iii;\i.. Ailn/t inifli' ill siiiiiiKir : < iriicriil iili- • liT purls iiiiil sides i>{ tin- iicHx. |iiir- Jilisli hiKW ri ; iipprr l;iil covcfls, |ilir|ilis|| ln'owri. slijjliijy il;iik,.r lliiiii III!' iiiKicr jiiirls: crown of tlic 1iim(1 iinil Iimsc of lilt' 1)111, smoky lilfick: sides oT ilie lie;id. wliile, exteiidiii^j to llie ii!i|>e: nmip. wliile: iiiiek, l)l;iek: lenlliers, edi;ed wilii tiiwny brown: prinniries. dusky, llie slnifls hein^- wliile, ;illd the l)!ise of tlii' some of the seeoiidjiries. white; hill, yel- lowish hrowii, d;irk on the lip: feet, dull yellow. Aihili ill H-iiitir: Ile.-ul mimI under purls, while: ,i snudl piiteh .iionnd tht- eye iiiid n nnclnil ••rest, dusky: the under jmrts of the hody ;ire tini;ed with iishy j,'iMy n' the sides: upper purls, ^-riiyis)! Msli color: wini-s. sliowinjj n distinct white l);ir: hill, dusky; iVei. hrownisli. I.cnsih. 7.70: win<^, 5.10: mil. 2.50: liill, .!M : tiirsus, .SO. Tlio Hod I'liahirono is a !>iariliine spocios wliirli ranges from tlu' lar iiorlli, wluMc it I)r("(Mls, soutliwanl to the xMiddle States, On t!io Pacific coast it has Ik'cm recorded as tar south as Capo St. Liiciis. Diiriiii:- nii^srations it is not uncoiniiioii on some ol" our laruo interior hdeini>' oltsorved in tlocks far out at sea. It breeds in (he far north. 'I'ho oii-jrs, which tire four in luimhei', are urtiyish or hrownish, spotted with (hiri< brown : tiiey vary much in coh»r, some oiii-s i)ein<>- described jis <>reenish, iioavily spotted witii (hill l)rown. The species is ler. SIIUUK IIIKDS OK SOU III AMKIMCA. 33 PHALAROPUS LOBATUS (/.////.). Northern Phalarope. Aihill I'liiKlh in siiiiiiiirr : l'|i|n'r |ilmii;ii;i'. iL'irlv |iliiiiilit'(iiis : III)' liiiclv. ■^Ii'i'.'ilvi'ii Willi lull)': >iili'< ,'iimI I'l'diit III lli«^ iD'cK, riiluiis lii'iiuh; ;;ir;iici' w in;;- cmn cils. li|i|i*'il willi wliilf: lidly, wliitc. Adnll mull' ill siii'imir : Siinilrir ti> ilic fcimili' bill piilcr; lillli'. il tiii,\'. iiilmis mi ilic li'mil nf tile neck. W'iiiirr iiliiiiiiiiii : rpiii'i plimiii^c. j;i';iyis|i: I'orclii-Md, sides ''''•'''"'"'"'"'"''•'""• of the licciv. clircUs, iiiiil llll(ltT|i:irl s, while; toji of the lieiiil, iliill ,s,Mii,v: llie Ifiillieis eiip'il witlMliill wliite: ,i diisl^y s|i(ii on side of lieiid niid in front (d llie eye: hieiisl, linued willi ;:r!iy. j.enjiili. T.no; w inn, l.-J.") ; liirsiis. .S(l; tfiil.'J; liill, .SO to .'.Mt. Tlu' Xortlioni IMialiiropo is anotluM- of our niiiritiiuo species, at times not uiu'oinmoii iilon.iflv cliestmit, lionlerinn- tlu' ji'iiiy; middle tjiroal and hrcasi lin;{eil with palermuiis lirowii: chin, while; belly, while. AiliiN male in KiiiiDiiir : (Jeneral re- senililancetotlpe reniMlc. lint smaller )wn and baek. more liii.« niji, |.|,,„,n„|,u- i,i,-ni,„. 'i'l""'"alri„s„mwrr:(:,'iwr.>]u'- ^ , . ^''"i'>l.iiice to tlie remalc. but smaller """' """•'' I''- ■ '" '■"■""■.ilion: th.. erown and baek, inor.. brownish . -1''"'"" "■""'■'••■ l- rHMn.a,ue,lhe leathers more or h'ss ed^ed with while ; win-s ,„«. cons or, Tay brown: eoveri. ed,vd narrowly will, wlu.e; u, ri.arts. while. ^;7'"V ' f'";;'l<'<"l<'-<'^: win,.;i.2.lto^.4,.: tarsus, 1.25 ,o 1.40; bill. 1.25 to 1.41) JMr: Length, S.4(. to -...10; wino, 4 „„ to 4.!.(.; larsus. l.-.O to l.;«.; bill. 1.20 to l.;J. Wlk,.,.-.. I).. I _ ! ... SlIOKI'. IIIIJDS (»!' NOUril AMKKKA. 85 Family RECURVIROSTRID/^:. Avocf.ts and Stilts. GiNus RECURVIROSTRA Linn. This family consists of Iwct or llu'oc lioncra, (•oiiiprisini:- ten or cloven spe<'i('s. AVhilo llicy iisiiiilly oldaiii llicir food wadiiiu- altoiit in sliallow water, tlioy ai-e \vel»-f(»o(e(l ami swim easily an'iimmri-: Hill, very slcml.T ;ii d ciiivtMl ii|i\\;inl<: IVci. pMil l,\ wchb.'d : frciicr.-il pliiniii;;!', wliitf. ln'coiiiiii.i;- fiiinimiKM hraw ii im llir licail and iifck. inil ri'iii;diiiii!i- wliitisli al tlic l>iist" of till' liill: iiriiniirifs, hliick; most nC ilic sfi'niid:iiic'<. wliili', I'oniMiiu- a In'oad wliilc jtMli'li nil tilt' wiii.u-. lail. asliy ^Tay: l<',i,'s, Idiiisli : hill, black. .Vliill ill ii-liilrf. Ili-ad and iiiosl nl' ilic iifck, a-liy iifay : lail. asliy iiray ; re- as in sumnHT pliinia^c. Lt'ii<;tii. IS to -JO; win;:-. 7..")(» In !»: lail, :{..")(); hill. ;{.-J.") lu :t.7r. ; lai'Mis, .'{.(ill. Tills is a western species which i-anifcs (Vom the (ii'cat Slave Lake south- ward to Central .Vmcrica and (he West indies It (n'ciirs commonly in Texas u SIIOKK niliDS OK NouTil AMKHICA. a.Kld.u.jr the (Juir Coast in wiuto.-, hut is n.,t .o.nn.on on tl.o Allanlic c.ast '">'<'" <>t H--!:., alth,.u.l. stra^glors lu.vo Ih-ou n.-onlcd IVo.n dillnvnt pointH extending as far n.nti. as the 15ay „f Fun.ly . It breeds innu Texas and Illin„i. o.tinvard to .he l^-itish Pn.vinees. The e,,s a.-e tVon. tln-ee to JrU Z be,, pale grayish ohve spotted will, very dark brown. Gems HIMANTOPUS Bkiss. m SIIOKK mUDS or NOltTII AMKKICA. a? rilHANTOPUS MEXICANUS {Mull.). Black-necked Stilt. Miill: Top ;iim1 sides uI' the liciid ;iiiil l>Mck of the iicrk ami hack, black: midfrfyclid and a spot aliovi' and lichind tlif eye londii-ad, and sides (if llic licad under tlic rye, w Idle : rest of under parts, witli llie rinnp and upper tail eov.Mls, wldle : tail, asii ^ray or pearl ^lay; bill, black; lejts, red in life. The innnature bird has the upper i)arls brownisli ; feallii'rs, ed<>-ed with whitish: \vin;is. blackish, some of tli<' fealliers tipped with wliite; winj;- coverts, edged with bull' or tawny lirown: under parts, white mottled with black and tawny brown. Lenj^th, l.").5(); winji, '.I; tail. :{: tarsus. 4.25; bill, -i.TO. This species is coiuMiou tliroii.uiioiit tropical Aiuericii, occasionally Immiio- foiiiid in tiu! .Mississipj)i Valley as far nortli as Minnesota. It is accidental on the Atlantic coast north of Florida and A^ ^ Southern Geortfia, although it has heon ^^^■^"-"^ % ™ recorded as far north as Lono- I-sland and _^^^ \ rl Maine. It is conunon in Floridii after ^^^ ','j April 1, and breeds from Florida and j^ "1 th(> (iiilf Stales northward u|) the Missis- ; I sippi Valley tMli'i| wiih i;i\\ ii\ riirdii-i, Iti'owii iiiid l)l;ieU; licinl. rufous lirow ii, lijiiidcd on lln' dccijiui willi mIIitiimIi' hiiinls uf Idiick iiuil tawny l)i'o\vn; a liiir of lilack from llic I'vo to llir l)ill; ;i iiairow paicli on tln' sides of ilic lower head, tdai'kisli : ilii'cal, palf rufous or rufou< wliiic: uudi-r parls of the liod\', |>mIc rufous: i|Uills, hrowuisli; tail fcatlicrs, dusky, lippi'd witli a-^li; liill, pale hrown. yidlowisli at thf t)as('; It'^i's, icddisli ; l)ill. lifjlit lirowii. paler and yellowish al liase. T^eugth. 11 50: wiiij--, 5.45: tarsus, l.;tO: hill. l'.!)(» Io;{.05. Coiiniioii on liic Athintic; coasl, from (he nritisii I'loviiiccs to the (Jiilf of Mexico, wi'st to Kiiii.sii.s aiid Daliotii, lurcdiiio' Ihi-oiioiiont its raiio'c, hut iiior«' SHOKK IMKDS OF \01!TH AMKKICA. 30 commonly iiortli of the Ciiroliiias. Il is occartioiiiilly observo;! in Florida m \vinl(!r, and is very ahiindanl in llic swamps of Alabama and Louisiana at somo seasons. TIh' oiijus i.ic usually four, mottled and spotted with brown. '{'he Kuropean AVoodeoek {.Scolopax rnstkohi, is lariror than our l»ird, and may be easily dislinuuished from it by the heavily barred under parts, and liavini-- the win<:s also l)arred with rufous brown. The outer primary is not emarginate, as in the Anu-riean species. There are mimerous records of the occurrence of this bird in eastern North America. GiNus GALLINAGO Li-ach. OALLINAQO DELICATA (Ord). '^■: ..gP^^ (iiiUiiiatfi) ili'lii'iitii. Wilson's Snipe. Km.i.ish Snii'i;. .I.\arfed witli hiaek: upper tail euvefts, tawiiy hfowii lian-ed with black; tail featheis. chestnut hiown with suhteniiinal black bar: lips, white, and leathers marked with lilack at tlie base: under parts, white: breast and throat, speckl.'d and lined with lu'owii: sides of the body, brownish barred witli ihdl black. I.eiijith. II; win--. 5: tail, 2.-J(t : tarsus. l.-Jf): bill, 2.40 to 'i.m). The English Snipe, or Wilson's Snipe, is one of our best known game birds and is very abundant in suitable localities dtiring the migrations. It ranges from Ciintula iind British Columbia, south, in winter to the West Indies, and even to Sotith Amcricii. It breeds from the latitude of New England north- wiird. The nest is placed on the ground, iind the eggs are three or four, u-uallv of a gniyish iish coh)r blotched with chocolate brown, heaviest iit the largest end. They measure l..")() .\ 1.1 "». In some htcalities in the Southern States, dtiring the winter months, thousiinds of these birds are killed on the marshes where I hey collect on some especiiilly good feeding ground. When lirst disturbed they utter ti pectiliiir r/iccp as they rise from the ground, often rciiciited dining their llight, which is very irregular, making them one o»' the most dillicult birds to shoot. 40 SIIOUK lillJDS OF NOKTII AMKUIOA. Tlu. iM.n.iu.an Sni|K. {Gal/hunfo ,jallh,a,ju) l,,,s not as yd In-on takrn in the I niU'd States : hnt it i.as hoen .cconlc.l tVon. (Jm-nland un.l the IJcrnnula Kii).'lisli Miip.., Ill' WiNdiiV s iiipc. Islands. It somewhat resonil.Ies our hinl, lu.t the tail feathers nsuailv nun.bcr t..urteen, althoi.irh this character is not .-onstant. It has no standin^r ,„s a .Nortli American .si>ecics, except from its occurrence in Greeidand .SIIOUK llll.'KS OK NOliTII WIKIilCA. 41 Genus MACRORHAMPHUS Leacii. MACRORHAnPHUS GRISEUS (Gmcl.). Dowitcher. Red-breasted Snipe. Brown Back. .\,ln\l //, >»,„,,/.,•.■ A siiiMll w.'h 1m.Uv.tii 111.' nut. T and iiiid.lh' l.x-s; iii.|..m- |.Mrls, blii.'Uisli tVallicrs rdjrt'il with tMWiiy tirowii : tup ol licad. lilacKisli. ■iiiotll.Ml witli tawny ''^r«S2 l)i'c)\s 11 : under parts, red In'MWii. tiaiidcd •/j^y/, on tilt' sides; throat and lireast only siii,'lillv spotted, entirely williont s|miIs in some liliiinai^es; tail and upper tail cov- Mii(niiiiaiiiiiini> ^'liM'u-. erts, barred with black ; liill, dark olive. .!«/»// iH (/•/;//(•(• .Upijer parts, --rayisli. tlie IVatliers sti.)\viii,ii laiiit eil,<-es of hiitroii the hiifk: ehin and snpeiviliaiy stripe dull jjiayish white; l)reast. i;ray. sli(.win.<; sli--hl traces of tawny ,,,ft. iitirely altseiit); rest of under parts, dirty white, mottled on the erissum ; t;iil. Iiaiided dark brown or Idack and white. I.eiii-lli. l(».:t(): will-;-. .'..TO; tarsus. l.;t(»; lii'l. 2.2lt to -J.-^O. Tlu? U(nl-l)iviist('(l Siiipcor Dowitclirr, fiinocs from the .Vntii- Ciivlo, wlii'vc it, hroods, to Sotitli Aiucricii, lioiiio' coimiioii in llic United States (liirino- tiu' niiorations. It is a well-known bird to disort.sinen, and its lon,o-, sniiuJ-liUc i>ill will always distinoiii.sh it from other spooios of slioiv hifds, exeept the Wilson's Snipe, from \\hi(^h it may he known at a glance hy the .small weh hetween the „iit.!f and mi(hlle toes, "and hy its dilleieiitly marked tail and tail eoverts. It occurs in Mocks, and where it has not I)een persecuted hy gunners, is very tame and unstispicioiis, and comes readily to decoys. The eggs are dull hidf or piUe olive speckled with dark hrown. MACRORHAMPHUS SCOLOPACEUS Say. LonK-billed Dowitcher. Western Red-breasted Snipe. l.'eM.mld.'S the pree...lilli;- speeies. hilt the hill is ion-er. and in hreedin- phiniM-e. the sides of the body are m..re ilisiinetly barred with black : the tliroat and breast more riil..iis. and the U,-eneral plniiia.ii'e more hiji^hly colored. Ill winU'r the principal ditVereiice is one of si/.e. I,eiii;th. II : wiii,tr. <>.()■"): tarsus. 1..')."); bill. 2.2(1 to 2.(iO. This species, which is ch..sely allied lo the eastern liird, in hieeding pluin- >,o, niiiy lie disiingui.shed from i( l»y its longer l>ill. Iitincd sides, and richer •^IIOUE HIKDS OK NOKTII AMKHICA. .»;i..n.li"... In wiuR.,- IlK.y ,lhr,.,- I„M li„l,. ,.x.,.|„ i„ |,.„jrll, ..rhill. ,1 ,,,„..os """ '^'"''':" "; "'"' ,^''-i- i Vall..v, an,l »,„„|, „, M,.,;,,,, „,,,„ ^^ » |". Gknus MICROPALAMA Haikd. MICROPALAMA HIMANTOPUS {/io^a/.). Stilt Sandpiper. AihiU ill xiinniu;-: l.cjrs. dull olive Rreen lin- pliiniM-... ,Iull whit., i.n.t dark l.n.w,., bei.ijr |,,„„i,,,, „„ •'"■ ">'riPKl!. r.l.l !•: I'U'VKU. (lliAVISACK. TrinjTM CiiTuitus. SnmiiK'r p'ltinnui': Top of Ihr lioad, hiitly wJiitcmix.-.l with liliiekish. l'iM>«'r pluniii^'o, viirii'jviilr.l, wil'i black, wliil.-, and l)iilV. TpixT tail cov.Tts. liarrcd witli black and wliito, oft.MMnaik.'d willi Itnll': rntirc under parts, cxc.'pt the lower alxloni.'n, rufous l.rown: lower ahdonit'n, white , axillars. white, with loiif";. arrow-shap<".l markings of dark jji-ay. ]Vi,U,;- i>ln,m;i, : Entire upper plnniafje. ashy f,'ray, the f.'athers havin-r pale, brownish shafts. showiufX indistiuet llu*- lines: upper tail coverts, white, banded with In-own: under parts. 'white: the breast and sides with indistinct, irrejiular iiiMnlMii,'!. Tlio I'urplc .Sjiii(lpii)or is a northern si)ocics, hrccdinii' in liiiili lalidid Imt occurrniii- m winter on tlie Alluntic (-(.iisJ (o the ^luhWv Slal es. es, and occa- ■^ionailv to Floiida. Some l)ir //. White-rumped Sandpiper. A'hdl in siliiniirr: Top ol ||m. 1i,.;,(1 iiimI Itiick, molt It'll Willi lijjiflv. (lull Willi. ■. .'Mill liiilV: lliniiit, wiiitc; bn-iifir, liiK'ly lined Willi (link lirowii; l.clly, wliilc; iiniiiiiitTtVfl sii|H'rciliiiry liiir of ilnl! wlilic: nimp, dusky ;ii-;iy, and IIIOMt ol iipptT lull covi'i-ls. wliiic. Ailnli ill n-iiilrr : Top ol' llif lit'.id :ind liMi-k, ;i!ay- isli, soini' i>( llic fcjillicis marked witli dark lirowr. Jiivinjr il a sllj^liMy mottled appearance oil the haek and lop of III!' head: upper lliroal. while: I ieasl,asli; ;;ray, I he shafis of tli fealhers showiiiir lirown H |i Mini ii|>|ii'i' i.'iil cijvcri^. ■Ily. while: forehead, whilisli. extending- in an imperfect superciliary 11 I.eiiiilh. ((.S."): wiiiu. I.iiri: larsiis, .'.15 : hill, .'.1.5. Thi.s s|)(K'io.s iiiiiy rciidily hv oi„„s south to CVnlral .•lud South Auhmmcm and tho West Indies, lieiiiiz- one of our <'oniiuon l»(!:ich birds (hiriiiL"- the iniS or NUlilll AMKIMCA. TKINGA BAIROII {Coin-s). Uaird's Sanilpiper. SiniiiiK'i- iihiiiiiiiif : <'n>\vii. iliiiU liitiwii. inixfil williliull': \M\tr Mild uiipir liiii'k, narrowly ulrciikt'd with lnilV iiiiil ilnrk hfowii: III! IViiItiiTs of ihi' hack, dark limwii. narrowly .■d^fil Willi wliiir: upi'cr tail coverts, blackish; the feathers usually narrowly tipped with buff; two ..nlral tail IValiifis, vi'iy sliulilly loniici- lliaii ll iIhts. — not drcidcdly loiij;i'i. ;h in Trin.ua iiiaoulata : cliin. wliilr: liica^I. hrowiiisli Imll'. sliowinii very faint and narrow streaks ol hrowii; nndrr parts. IniiVy while witli a I'ainl linj;c of liiilV, sDiiH'linics entirely wiiile. 'I'liiit;:! Iiainlli. Wiiitir iiliiiiiiii/r : Similar, hut paler. Iniiii'ilitir: Itesenildes the adnll. Imt has the leathers of llie haek and winj; eoverts tipped willi while. I.eniilh. T.Kt: wiiiii;. •."><» to l.'.K) : tarsus, 1; hill, 1. Ikird's Sandpiiu'V is iiii iiilaiKl species, whieli fiiimo.s from the Hritisli Provinces to Wcsteni South .Viiiericji. It is a rare hiid on the Atlantic coast, althoniiii occasionally taken (luring- the niioiations. otiished tVoni tiie wiiite-niinped San(li)ii)er l)y its dark tipper tail coverts, and fi-oin the Pectoral Sandpiper l)y the al.sence of the elonojited middle tail feathers. This species is not known to occur on the Pacific coast. It breeds in' the Arctic reoi„ns. The eji-.i-s are tistially tonr. pale hrown or cream hnW, spolti'd with chestnut hrown. TriiiiiM li.-iiTilii. It mav alwavs l)e distin- IN SIIOI!!-. IJIIfDS (»I.- NOKTII AM KIJIC \ . TRINQA MINUTILLA {I /,■,//.). Least Sandpiper. I ~" ''-"'"WS'at... .:<« j jyi , ' 'i> ' i wi ', ' 'I'l'llij;;! iiiilLlitilhi. .hhi// in siniiiiirr: Vrvv sniiill: ii|>i»T iiMits iiuirKcd witli iMwny '•l.icU Mild p:ilr iMitr: iimlcr |,;irls. wliitisli on 111,, iliio.il. sli.Kliiii;- in liiMsliy-i-ay. slmwiiii;- f;,-,,,, Itrdwii- i-^li lines (III til.. In<.;is( : rest <>[ tin. IIIMl..r|.MIIS. Wllil,.; bill, dull l.lMck. \() ii-i h IiiIji; , II liii .s. I'liiiii.-i iiiiiiiiiill.'i. .\,lii/t in inn,,:,: Similar to ili.. mIu.v,.. I,m i,-,.,.iv,.r in ,.,.lui- l.on-lli. 5.50 In (1.5(t; win- ;i.(l(»; u.rsus. .75:" hill, .s",. The Least SiiiulpiiKT in:,v lie (listini.ui,slie.l iVom the S,.,nii.Mh,ii.(e.l S.,i„l l"l-r l>y li.e ahsene,. „f (h,. .mull uel, I.HweeM H.e |„es, so n.dieeMMe i./deU species. It is ecnnuon thnn.iihn.t \„rlh a.,,1 South Anicne.-.. l„v...|iM, „orlh of the Un.te.1 States It is very Mhuiulant on o,,;. sho.vs .i„. ,|.,. ,.,iirmtio,.s, a.wl IS one ot the speeies known I., o^nnners l,v the n.-une of |>,.,.|,. The e.-vs .„v Hirer to 1o,t. o-enerMlly pale l.uir, niotlle.l with eluvstniK lirow,,. SHOKK illUDS OF NOKTII A.MKIilCA. 49 S( l:.;iNi> PELIDNA ( rv. TRINQA ALPINA PACIFICA (C>/ns). Red-backed Sandpiper. A(ti(li ill siiiiiiiirr : Hill slijihlly lii'iil iliiw II iic;ii- the lip: 1 lie IV.-ii hers on till' t(i|) ol'tht; liciiil iiikI hack, l)rii;iil nil'!uk((l Siiii(l|»i|H'i', Aiiicric'iii Duiiliii, or r.cadh.-u-k. Jif* it is soiiio times cit'Icd, niiiocs tliroiiolioiil Nortli .\iitcrlc;i fioiii liic .Vtliiiilic fo llic I'inilic. l»ro('(liiio- tar iiorliiward. It is coiiiuioii on flic foasls (liiiini:- iiijoia- tioiis, and is iiatiiialiy taint' and uiisiispicious. It lrc'(iiK'iits l)i)tii hoai-hi's and Siiiiiiiirr. Wiiilcr. iiiarslics, and is iisuallv oIimm'vcmI in tlocUs. It has hocn toiind hrcodinii' alono; tlic shores of Hchrino- Sea and on .McMlIo Pcniiisida. The coos are usually I'oui', hluisii while or Itully white, marked with chocolate hrown, mostly at the laro'cr end. Tliey luoasurc aliout l.lOx i. '/ym pccnlidr dccurrcil hIJl irill (llir(i)/,s (Hsliiupuxli (Ills spfcii'S. The Kuroiicnii Dunlin, Trlitijn I.een recorded iVoni Canadii. .Nova So cliiisetts (;i) and Loiii-- Island. I| lias al as a I'are otia, Ma.ssa- SO !»('( 11 la ken in Alaska. SlIOHK. ItlliDS OK NOliTII AMKKHA. 51 SuiiGKNus ANCYLOCHEILUS K Ckms EREUNETES Iiiickr. EREUNETES PUSILLUS {/Jnn.). Semipalmated Sandpiper "Peep." AUI' L- ^ -, KiC'lllH'lc- |MI-illll- Aihill ill siiiiniiiv : lli';i\il\ iiiiiilvi'il Willi il.iik Imowii iiihI Imwiiv mi ilii ip ; lirciist, muitlcil Willi ni'.'iyi>li : lidly. wliiii': ^"n n-iih sni'ill "v//. Aihill in ii-iiitif: Ippcr pMiMs. i;r.i\i>li. nuillli'il uilli lii'uw ii nii ihc IicmiI. ;lli(l III!' t'c.illii'i- show iii^' il.iiU hiciwii. cilui'ii wiili wliiic on llic iiiick; lliinMl. ^ wliilf: liit'M-i|. \ci-\ tiiiiillv \v;i-i|i('(l w iili ;ir;iy. wliicli is suiiicliiiifs \ rry imlis- lilicl : lii'lly .iiicl iiii^liT l.iil I'liNi'il-;, w liili' : Inca ii-ilh aiiinll nwli. \a-\\'^\\\. (1: win;;', lij"): l;iri. ."."i; liill. .S(l. Hiinu'cs from (lie Arctic Sea, soiitliwanl, to tlic West lixlics tmd South Aiucricii. It is coiiinion on tlic lica<-|i(>s aiid iiiai'slics of tii(> Atlantic coast (liii'injj: niii>ralions, ulicrc it is called "l*ec|)"' Itv nimncrs. In si/e and p'lH'ral appoiirance it soinculiat ie-.cinl)lcs the liC.ist Sandpiper (another SlIOHK lUIiDS OF NOlM'll AMKHICA. "Pc('|)" of the piiiiiiiii'' f'liilcniitv ), hut inav :il\Vii_vs lu> listinuuisliod iVoni tli;it species hy tlie seini-i)!iliii:ite(l or partly wehhed toes. It hreeds in the aretie regions. The eiius are luill' white, mottled witii Itrown and clioeolate Itrown. heaviest oi. the laviicr end. T/iey are usually four in innnhor and measure ahout 1 .1^0 \ .Sfi. EREUNETES OCCIDENTALIS I.a-wr. Western Semipalmated Sandpiper. " Peep." In siiiiiiiKT phiiii.mf ilii< s|H>cic'< iiiii.v 111' ilisliii,i,'iiislic(l lioiii E. iuisH/ks liy ils loii;;ri- liill (\\liiclii> (.rt.'iiliino l.-jr. iiicli.'< ill Ifii'iili. wliilc /•;./-/^s■//('»,s■l•Jln■ly, IT .■v.v its il.HJdcdly stivMk.Ml hiv.isi ami llic IcUiicrs ef tin' I.Mck IxMiij;- iiini -.mhmI witli nifoiis. Tlif wiiitci- iilmiiMiivs. ti.iwcvor. (iitln- hut Hltl<-. if iiiiy, iuid i.wiisioiiiiliy s|)i'ciiiH'iis ol tlir WrsKMii S:ui(l|)i]H.r ocelli- wliicli li.iw t In- hill less tli.'iii one iiu'h, iiml in siiVli ruses it is iilniost iniiios- sihli. tndisiiiiiiiiisli tliciii IVdiii the wiiit.Tcximiplcs of /■:. i„i.iilhis ; tlicicfor.' it is in'riiiips ;is well lor 111,. s|.ortsiii..|i lo consider .ill of tiiose birds iijivin-- hills less ili.-in ( inch in lenirtli to he /■;. /,»^•//^^^•. iiiid if it is i-'poi|,inlt()li;ivetlie idoutiticat ion Mhsoliitely iicciirat.'. Iliey could easily ohiain the o|)iniiiii. I.eiij;-Ili, 0: win,-;-, ;i.sr): tarsus. .S2; hill, .',10 to LIT), The Sandpiper oectisionally oeeiirs on the .Vtlantic coast, Mlthotio-h its home is properly in the West. It ran,«,res from the arctic reoions and Alaska, where it breeds, south lo the (iiilf of Mexico and Sotitii .America. It is common in Florida in winter, more so on the west than on the east eotisl. The eo-o-s ,,re four, pale hull', dotted with dtirk i.rowii or chocolate brown. siioi.'K luitDS OF voirnr amkimca. (iKNus CALIDRIS Cuv. CALIDRIS ARENARIA (//;/;/.). Sanderling. Bull-peep. Ailiili ill siiiniiiii- ■ llcud. Iliiniil. :iiiil ii|i|»'r pints, cxci'pl niTn|i, icdilisli lirowii. Miu'k tiiul wliili': ihi'DMl mill Ihi'msI. p:ili' niloiis liiow ii. uilli iiioic ur li'ss iliiiK si»i|>i ; lirllv jiiiil uiidcr pari-;, piii'f wiiili': lilll iiinl li'iM. Iilat-k: lues, llti-it'. Aihill ill iriii/ir: Top ul' llii' licail and hack, asli iii'ay, liic slial'ts of tin' IVallicrs bfiii<' liiiiw II : l(p|clii"id and ml iif under parts, \\ Idle : hill, lijaek. I.eiii-ili, S.l(»: uin^-, ."1.05: i.irsiis. 1: hill, 1. Tlii.s cosiiiupoliliiii .spccics.mijiy alwiivs lie (li.stiiiiitiislicd hy the ult.sciKH' of flic foiirlli loc. iM-iini' IIk' <»iily s:iii(l|)i|i(M'* occiirrinjr on our cdast liaviiii; lliicc Iocs. Il is coiiiiiioii (liiiiiiij.' iiiiii'i'iilioii.s, niiiiiiiii;' IVoiu llic .Vrctic * riii\rl> :il-ii lun c llii'i'<' Im'-, 54 SIIOKK lilltDS OF XOIM'II AMKUK'A. • iillilris iirfniii-iii. rcjiions to ll.o West Indies !uitted with I)i-()\vn. Gknus LIMOSA Bkisson, LinOSA FEDOA (//////.) Harbled Qodwit. Red Harlin. I .\(hill in sihiiKirr: IJill. ciii'vcd ^lini.i h- ,,,,,. ,,.i. SIIOHK HUM ^ OK NOItTII AMKIMCA. I'ciilluTs liaiiilt'il iiTf • iiImiIv witli liniwri: •llv. IMWIIV. xniM'tiiiic^ \\\ 55 thou Icmils; liill, tliill sli i-(.l(.r in its l.:is:il iiiilf, Hk- ivst MiuKi^li: imi.T w III l.l:icl<: liiii, l)iiri(Ml willi l>l;icl;: iixiUiirs. irifjiu illSlMIlCt'S III' iiiilci' iii'iniiiii '^^^ jii Uii'il with iiHTeiy sliiiwiiifj 111! iiiilifiiiii'ii 11 or dots whiTf till' liiiiiils Mil' mil IhtIVcI. Ailiilt ill ii-hiur: Toii iif Hk' Ih'ikI. Ih" JMily liJinilfil Willi ihiiU sl;.ty liiiiwi'. "« '*""»*' 1 liiiiiTls l.iit" iihviiys with iiion- or htss iin'^niliir murks ,11, sti'r;il t<> 1.50. The MiU-lilcd (iodwit, or Marliii, dcctiis lliiouiiiioiit North AiiH'ric-a, hreed- the interior, from (lie Missottri ro-iioii M«»r inji in ranp's in Lower I'iiliforniii and T('xa> tln\ iird. ( )n tiio I'acilic coast it from Alaska to (^■ntral America, and is very common m some loca It is not very common iinywiiere on lilies the Atlantic coast, allhoii<>h it occurs at times in some n umhers in Florida. |,iniii-ii li'iliiii- T,„. ,.,,s ,„■,. Iluv,. ,„• r..m-. .lull l..„«nisl, aA col.,,-. Motchoa and .not.lod with <'-rav and lirayish In own. recorded from l^a I .i/. IiO^^^' '^ !>.,..;«,. lehnids I 1 -4 4 ; . Viivti'M i'l ;ind the I iiitic isi.iiuis, summer, 1ml il^ «nic halntat is Austi.ilu ami i I i 5(1 SIIOUK niKOS OK NOKTH AMKKICA. LinOSA H/EMA5TICA (//////.). Hudsonian tiodwit. Sinn nil r iiliniinijr : rppiT p!irl> d-Avk hiinvii, till- IViilli jliMwinu; si>()i< (if |i;il(' rufous hi'iiwn li : cliiu. wliiii-ili Willi |);ii(' rufoii-:: rc^i of uihIit purls, (liirii lufniis liruwii: tiic ffjiilicrs of ilic iliroiil more or less -:i ll;i'lll,'l~li('M. niMjrr. (lull "I'riiy : fi'iillifrs of ihr liMck iiiorc or less ciliicd wiili ihiik lirowii: cliiu. wliili-li; Incisi. pule iii'.iy : sluifls of ilic IimUhts on llic sides of llic lirciisl, liiow iiisli : belly, iiniyisli hull', soniciimcs liiiU'y while: under t;iil eoveils. wliitisli: ;iNili;irs. d:iik. smoky jiriiy. I.eii.t'lli. 15: Willi;. S to S.liO: iiirsus. -J. |(»: l.ill. -i.SO lo .■<.4(). I.i -ii liirinn.-llcii. The llii(ls()ui;iii (lodwil, Hinil-tiiilcd MiiiTin, or (iooso- liird, MS it is olteii rjillcd, iMiiofs (I'omtlic airtic rcoions to Soiitliorn South America. It is coiiiiMon in siiitahh; h)calilies (hiriiio' inioiatioiis east of the Jioeky Moiiiitaiii.s but does not oeeiir on tlie Paeifie coast. Tliis tine hird, like many otiier ofonr hirds, is oradiudly l»ecomino- less and less niinieroiis. It in(>eds in the far North. Tiie o<>"s, which are o(.|i, Tally four in nimil)er, are olive In-own, spot- ted with dark hrown, and measure ahoiit 2.20x1.;}"). SIIOl .,-. UIKDS OK NOirni AMKliK A. 57 TOTANUS MELANOLEUCUS {Gmcl.). Greater Yel.ow-le«s. Winter YeUow-.e^s .!(/((// //' sKiniiirr: r.ill. ii'':ii •Iv ^liiiii^lil: iiiH"'!- |>lu- iHlc.l with wliil'' ;ii wliiK', l';irn'( ,1 hliicU: iil'l"'' tail fovcrl^ 1 with l.lnck: IlinMl. nv hit.-. sUviiU.'tl Willi if iiiiilfi' 1 liil.-. iKMvily si I •en il iiiii'- VI )W lUlll'' w Iv O' 1„,,1 Willi wliitisli: cliiii, il Willi 'lii'-l< '>'-"^^"- ' legs, yellow whilf. "•■' hrciisl. wliiK iwlv liiif ■si (if iiiidfr purls. hito: 1)111, I'liii'lv :""' 1,.M1 -til, 11: wiii.tr. «•' .-)-. l;irsiis, •2.4.-,: hill. -i.liO. UVO (he Siiinnu'V VcHow ant I his lu'iiv vola- (hiihlv the Av'S, aio pit 1k'.sI known reproso ■rnUUIIl- l"< iiiuolflirll>. , .,,1,. Th. clear, slmip, w ntativ ihaii OS o if any )t" our siiorc V Umr o pcatctl rapiiU known to -iinncn I- tivc tinu' (lesiTiuUnii- in >^^»>^' ^histlinu' nolo, ro- le, h ■tones clown tlie soale, lornior yoan It li- throiiulioiit t still numerous h,> laii.l. AUhou in niaiiv looalities i ...1, not as abuiulant as m Imini-- tho mi-rations. Its raniio os tonds from ,ho sulw.irtio iv,-ioii. SOI III, to Chili and linen. )S Avr •OS, hrooilin- from Illinois luu The o:ili'.i;i:iyish hmwn: 'I""'!. Nvliilr, siiv.ik,..! with Ifllthfls. h;ili(ii-il wliili'. inure Of I legs, yeirow. |{es. '•Ill is smaller. A\il l.i'ii.Hlli. lO.sO; •I'Msl. Illollleil: helly, Willie; | 'ii'WM .'Mill while: upper tail lil <. '••'i-^- Willi'', l.aiie.l with />/-.,//',r i".:;. "-I."): tarsus. -J.IO; |,i|| i_|-, •r..i, lllll> tl.iv ll..- '"It is .siiiiillcr, iuiil Kaiigcs fi'oni tli(> siil»-iirHi n.inl to .South Aincrii':!. Tl low-lcM-.s I'.'scjiiblcs tl f rcii'ioiis soiiili- H' Stiniiiicr Vt'l- Willtcr Vc||(»\v.|cos, ;,l|(| <»ii the At lain i 1^ usually iiiiicli |,„)|,, I; rt)int's to (Iccovs iiioi '<■ pici'i'diiii.' sjKM'ic- "'I*' and itiistispicious than Ih II «■ <'nast (liirino (ho iiii-i-;iiio„s. '"I>^ "«'t so sharp and h,u(l. h ln-ec(l> «' lead) I V It n IS Very ('0111111011 '«' iK'lc IS siiiiilai', thoiiuh I )('!•- iiicis iioi'thwai'd. Tl '>iouii and choL'tdatc I !(• (MI-U-. arc '" ""' '"<<"noiM.'o.n Mi.inosotaai.d )IO\\ 11. I'"'^' '•""■' ''"K''*! and hlolched will I dai'k 'l^lie (Jivcii-shank, Tof,nn>s ncfj, (akon l)v Audid »«>n, iicai'Ca c/jKfanii.s ((iiinii.), a l> "'"' V«'llo\v-l.'i., I»iit has tl l'«' '^al.h.. Floi'hj;,, in I N;!2. It "ii'<»|)«'aii s|H.('ics, was iiH'uhat r('sriiil)lt'.-( 'f.uM.p and lower l.a,'k,H.hih',an.lthHr'.s ..■ llHMIIsll. -^ SIIOIM', miM>S OK \«)I!TM AMKlMf A. 59 Si i..;i,m;s RHYACOPHILUS Ka. t TOTANUS SOLITARIUS (///A.) Solitary Sandpiper. 'I'ii|iiiiii> Milil.'iriiii-. Adiili ill siiiiiiiiri- : 'I'np (if lii'iiil :iii(l h.'ick, iilitl ii|i|)i'r l.'iil I'livi'ils. liron/y urt'cn, ilnitnl willi wliiic: iiridi'i' jdiiis, while: ilif Iucmsi, iliickly sti'i'.'ikt'il mill (loiii'il lirowii: liill. jirci'iiisli lirnwn (ill lilV). (Iuli\i' lirow II. sjiiiw iiiH' ;i (iiini. "ircfii- i-iji y;lci-< wlicii lirlil in ilic liulil. Ilif IfMilicis riiiiitiy ili>n<'i| uiili iliijl \vliiii>; tliront. wliilc; ln'i':i..'l(»: i;iis, having" a lew faint purplish marks (tii the laruer en or N(»l!ril AMKIMCA. GiNus SYMPHEMIA Raf. SYHPHKHIA SEniPALHATA ((;»/,/.). Willet. Ill Mll.l 1> . S|(iM. ( 'l l.'I.I.W, iiliill t n s 11 until i' ('|)|ii'l' pill ;r.i\ , »l ii'iiUcd '<\ iii|ilirii>ij ~i'iiil|>.'iliii,il. nil III)' Iii'ikI ^\illl ilMrlv Ih'dwii. mihI llir ci'iitnil |iarlii)h III niMiiv nl' Die rcMtlii'i's li.'i'' till- liiicl; l>liit('lii'il wild liniwii ; ('liiii. w liili' : iIiiumI. v\ liilc. ilnllcil w illi lirnw n : iiiiilcr I :irt«. dull wliilf. tlii' Ifathcrs on ilic ^iilcs li.'iirril Willi lii'iiwii ,'iiiil w.'islifil w itii iMwny : axlllars, black; l>ill. Iijui^li. ilii^Uv inwiinl •■ml. Aihili ill iriiihr: Hill. iif;irly >lriiii;lil ; ii|i|ii'i' pliiin- ;!;;■(■, ,!;r;i> , "Imwiii;; l.-iiiil iiiilic;il ii)ii< nf w liilisli mi llif lips III' siiiiic iif ilic fiMiliiTs nil till' liiu'k : cliiii. wliit- isli : tliiiiMl. ;i;s i- M liisiiiitjiiisirnin- cliMr.icti'i- nl lliis liird wlicii llyiii;;'. I'iiiiiiimI liy Ilic l);is;i! piirlinli nf II II' iiniii;irii's mii d 111 1 son si'i'oiid.irics lii'ilin' wliilr. I.i'ii;illi. I5.o0: win;,', S.IO: liiisiis. •J.ltO: liill, 2 lo -'..m. l\iiiin('s lliroiis are three in nuniher, sometimes four, deposited on the oronnd with scarcely any indicati(di of a nest. They are pah' hulV in color, spoiled with (chocolate l)r(»wn, heaviest on the larii'cr end. SIMHtl". llll.'DS Ml' NOI.'Tir AMKItK A. 61 SYMPHRMIA SEMIPALnATA INORNATA /,"/,«./ Western Willet. |m'|- |iiirt< .in' pMli-r iiiiil not so lii'.i\ ily iii;irKt'i| Willi liliick ; tin- lin-si-'l "hows iisimlly iiiurt' ItiitV cnlur. In wiiitcr pliiin.'i;:"' it ri'-i'inlp|f< ilic cjHlri'ii Idriii cxci'id in si/c, llit- hill ii-:niilly liriny liin^;)-!' iiiiil tin- liinl sinin'\\li;il l,ir;;n-. l.iMiu'lli. I."i.(l(l: win;,^ ,s..".(i: imsiis. 2.."i,">: hill. -J-.td in 2.S(i. ('(•iiiiiinii tlirouu:li(tiil Wcslci'ii N'ditli Anifiirii cxIciMlini:: c'lsl to Mississi|i|»i \'all( y .'MmI ( iiiir Sl.'ilcs, hciiio imiiimtoiis in Kldiid.-i in winter. It Ijicrds from IVxiis to Manitoltii. HETERACTITIS INCANUS (Gn„/.). Wandering Tattler. llclcT.icliii- uiciiiiu-. A I'liint sii|M'ri'ili!iry si ripe ul' \vliit<' Mild lor.il itiiiM' of hhick : iippfr pliini:i.i;<'. sliiiy i;i'M.\', sliowinji ;i ;;ii'ciiisli ;;|()s-. wlicii lii'lil in llii' li;j:li( : tlinml, wliilisli; hrciisi. :is|iy i;i;iy. imlisliiiclly hnrrt'd with linll hiiiNMi: hi'lly. while: iixilhirs, j^niy. r.riiu'lh. lO.flO: wiii^, 7: hill, l.no: l,iisii«. I.;{(t. Tlic Wandorinii'rtillhM" iit little re- liardiiiiT its lial»its. It proliaMv In-eeds in the tar North hnt the nest and eiijfs have never as yet been taken. (•.2 ^IKHir. IWUDS OF NOHTII AAlKliK A. PAVONCELLA PUQNAX ,/////. i. European Ruff. AMI m.a. (spring phnn.^r-) : F.^mMhts of ,1„. l,o,„l :,„.l ,,...1.. Ho„i,.,..,l. fur.nin^ . wi.I.- <-.llMr ..-• n.n. .uvnomlly wl.il,. ,„„1 I,,,,)': .vst of „,,p., p^-.s v:,n,-,,t,.,l \vi,l. In.O; hlMrk -''<■• ^"''''•••'"■•";Pnm,'MM... ,l=Mk Imowm. will. uhil. sl.M.s: und,.,- p:nls. ul.il.. lH.:,vilv M .K-1 wjth l,hu.k,s , hn.wM on ,.„. Mvms, ,,,,,1 si,l..s: f,,.. .ov.-.v,! will. vHl..wisl. iuImmH..;: iMll .iM.k hrown. liivhi.T MI 11... l,,.,s,.: in., Mark l.rou,,; l,..s, hrounisi, vllow. Ij'iiiitli. I2.;.0: will..-, 7: t.iil. 2.7(1; t;irsiis. 2: liill I ;V) f.nntl.N u ti. . M k hrmvn: upp.r p...rls v,.,ri.-Mt..,l with l.hu'k mm.I brown, Mn,i fin^v of .v.lMi.l.; un.l-r p...,., .lull w nt.., n.o,tl..,i on ,„.. ,.n....sf and si,!., wi.i, hn.wn. Tl... n-sf /^ in ,.„. n.:,)'.; tl- 1 "u.,.!.. lin. .p..cnn,.ns ...unr,..! in tl.e pi,. .vp.vs,-,., ,wo mU,.!, in;,l..s ,,nd m IVn.nl... TI... "■;'•.';'"•'" " ""■ '•""•■=" " ""■ I'""-s Of ,1.0 fo,.,n..,. is v..,v un.:„ : tl... .„ir „.,.,. Id. • Tl.o Km-o,„.an Hufl- I.Ms l.c.on h,k.>„ m himmI,,.,- ,.i (iuM.s in IvisI.t,, NortI, A ,,c.nn, Sponn.ons Imvo ho.,, ,v,.on|,.,l In,,,, Ln„o. is|,u„l, .M,,ss,„.l,„s,.(ls, Mn.no. ()|„o, ..„,(l(.|s,.\vl,o,r. (Cmios, K,.\ (<. N. A lids n ,;il) SIIOKK lUKDS OK NOIMII AM KliK A. Kiir<>|i<'.'iii liiill. 64 SIIOKK I'.IKDS OF NOIJIII A.AIKIJICA. GiNLs BARTRAMIA Lkss. BARTRAHIA LONQICAUDA {A',y//s/.) Bartram's Sandpiper. Upland Plover. Field Plover. SKiiniicr /ihiiiiiiijc : r|i|i(M- |iliiiii;ii;c. il;irk lirown, nv hri>\\ nisli li|;ick : llic liMllicrs ciliicil with |im1c InilV: ii|i|m'i- lliidiit. wliiic: lower ilirnMl. |);ilc bull lilifil witli (l;irU hiowii: hrcMsl. |»;ilc liiiH willi ;iri(>w-ul pMlcr. L('ii.i;lli, ll.rri: win;;-. (i.CiO: t;ir.' tVi.Hi.'. I /■ Uytl ^^'"-^•''••■';:;; : ; :n.....U...r- i " "' ,, 1. inner wen "• ■ i. ,,anvly ;,r;:™kled with dark brown ; pnmary.wh.te.speck«ed^^^^^^_^.^_^^^__.^.^^^^, ' .11 1 • ■l\i^ln•^'. wlllU'. ni'i s: vsi..-. :;•:"'• '^"-" ,.. i,-2.-.i I 'ill- •^■'- f,„„-. ,«.!.'. """■ "■'■"•■■ """ ■ Itrowii. ()(; SIloiJK lUliDS Ol- NdKTII A.MKIMCA Gknus ACTITIS Il.lir.KK. ACTITIS MACULARIA (/,/////). Spotted Sandpiper. .\'h,ll h, sn„n,>rr: Top ..lllir li..,..! ,nul l..u-k. .,liv,. j.n.,.|i. sliouiii- hruii/v ivl1..cli..M> ulin. "'■''•'" ■'"■ ''^'"'^"1" ' 111'- IVMlli.Ts <.ii 11,,. |,,K-k inviii.l.-iilviuMik.Mi uiili hn.wn: uimLt p.'i'ls, while, iniirkcd uith iMryv. nuiiiil hliu'k >\>i,\-^. 'msi^ AclitN iii;iriil:(ri,i. \\ iiilci'. •''"'" 'n.n,,,r A ,ov,.. „liv... .iM.uiMu- ,-, inm. lu.m.y luslvr wl,,.,. liHcl in .1,,. |i,.l„ ■ . nlins ,,,M1,.. ,;u.k. hMM.Iy ,i,p..,, .in, ,i,.sky: ui... ..,.v..,-,s. „„.,....„- ,,„, J ,J ^ ^i •"'-.. win..: I„va<, „M„lvm,:,..,l wi,l,.,si,y= nndn- ,.„,.. i„.,u,lin:: „Hlv .„,! ,. , | " ij '•'"^■"■;::;;:s::;:ri:';;:';: -- """ -— .''i=';- Tim S,,ottnlSan.li,i,HM-,aiij:..stl,n,ugh,M.tNorll, Ani.-rica t.. X.,r(l.,.ni S.mtl. Ai.uMi.a. It ,s a v,M y .•onunon hinl „„ om- cast, l,,-!,.- iisuallv scon aloiu- ,„■ "I |.Mir,s. It ,s r,.n,in..Mo„ s,„all .tivan.s uf f.vsl, wal.r and als„ .„, san .-s Ik.,,,,- hull wl.it.. ,.,• pal.. I.n.wn, sp„lt...| with ."lark hr..w„. ,n.,stlv'~,n the laiiicr cml. •■ SIIORK lUItDS OF Noirni AMKIilCA. 67 Gknus NUMENIUS Hkissc.n. NUHENIUS LONQIROSTRIS ///A. LoHK-billed Curlew. Sickle Bill. Ailiili in siiiiiiinr: I'lipcr |);irls iiiMPki'il wiili hull' ,-iii(l lil.ii'k: l:iil IcMtluTs. .illriii.iii'ly li.'iiiilnl witli l:iunv IiiiU'mihI Iii'ow ii : tlii'niil. wliitisli; rrsi uf iiinlci' |),'irl>, |),'il<' rcililisli lnnwri. Iii'cipiniiin' \i'i-\ lit;iil on iln' Im'II\ : IiiimsI. ii.ii'iiiw |y siripi'il uiili lu'nw n lui llif Miiddli' nt the IimIIh'is; liill, viT.v Inii";: axlilars, rufous brown. - t , I ■ ,..< I.iiiii.' lilllcil Ciirli'W. K-.|iiiMiiMi\ I'lnli'W. IliicUiiiiiiin Cmlfw . A,h,li ii, iri„i,r: (;.'ii.m;iI pl.iiiijii;'.'. 1mwii\ hrow ii : ill." buck. Iihiokisli. molt l.'d w illi ImiIV: l,,|,,.l Ihr li.M.l. (iMik hn.wii: llic I.'.iIIm'is. :il mikI ii|)|mt Ihviisi, lliirly liiicl willi ihirk lin.wii: Mil. \.T\ I.M.M iiiid .ui-vimI ,|(.\Mi\v:inl: hill. Iihick. iM'fOiiliiii:- dull lihic hnnvn on has.'il li;i!l oC ll..' niMiiilihl. ■. axillars, rufous brown. I,rn-lli. -Jfi: \viiii;. I"-"'*': l^i-ns. d.ltO: hill, vriv VMriMhl.-. mcMmirini;- In.m ■J.r.d lo li. ■|'li.~iiiiiii:iiiin' (d llii< ^pirio li.islli'' I'ill nrarly Mr,ii;;lil. Inn (|iiili' UK lill.'DS OK NOKTII AMKIMCA. Tlio Loiiii-l.illod C'mK'w nini-vs from hMiipcnilt' Norlli Aiiu'iic-ii south to Central AmiMi.-a and the Wost Indies. It breeds in the Soutliern Atlantie .\\illiii'>. Kir>l |iiiiii:ir\ . Slates, but is now not eonnnon on the Atlantie coast, and is beeoniiuir less so evei'v vear. T\\o euir^ iii'< described as olive iiu,h llif iiiiddlt'; rest (if upper piii'ts, (liirk lirdwa: J||! I>':illn'rs, p:ile on tli l«i-s, ' " uiviiij; ;i sli<:;litly inollleil ap- peafMiiee to the liacli : eliiii. wliite: lliroal ami In-east streaked and faiiilly liarred witli lirowii and wliite: belly, ilnll while : an inijierleet snper- .\\ill:ir. ciliary stripe: axillars, pale buff, barred with slaty brown; first primary, barred on inner web. Ailiili ill ii-iiiiir: Similar to tlie last, hut showing; inueli more lawny mottled on tlie upper parts, anil t.lie nndi'r parts. |)aler: a superciliary stripe of ilull wliite : axillars, pale buff, barred with .slaty brown ; first primary, barred on inner web. I.eiiulli, 17. .•)(): win^-. '.i.-JU: tarsus. -J. ;i(l : hill. :! to ;{.7:). Hanii'es lhrou<;hont North .\inerieii, breedinii in the arctic reefions tind iniiinitinu' in the tall to the ( lull' of Mexico and South America, hnrinii' the snOUK lUKl.S OK NORTH AMKHMA. 69 .„. -'-'--T-.;:i,-;;:;;:xrrtr;:r-u:":.:.::^ • , I fV.m, tlio KsMuilu.. ('"View l.v (In- ■.■■'•-»■■: -■';:'r;':::,rru':,' .v.i,..i iiy •••<'-"'»- ,,„„„, ».,.! 1V..M, Ih- 1.""?-" 70 SIIOHK HlliDS OK NOIil'll AMKUICA. NUHENIUS BOREALIS (/u>rs/.). Eskimo Curlew. Dou^h Bird, I( An raiiiros fiom llio :irctic rcui loiica. If IS iiioiT coiiiiiKiii ill the iiilcrior tl oils, \vh(.|'c i( l)r(>o,|s, soulliwanl t o Soiilli laii on (li(> coiisl, altlioiii-li it WMs .-K o.H. tin.o a conimun l.ird in Ih. NVw Ki,o.|,,„, s.aK-s .Innno- ,h, „ ra- "'/"•'''"" "••""■• ' ''<^ *"-^ ••"•'^ ''<-'i'-l -^ pal. olivo ,i.av, s,.,;u,..i .i,!. (lark lirowii. iiiosHy at tlio larizvr (-lul. " SIIOUK l?ll!l).>- u|- NOinil AJIKIMCA. 71 Family CHARADRIID/K. Piovkks. 'I'lic I*l(tV('rs iirc a ('(isiuopctlilaii lainily, iimnlM'riiiii' sonM'tliiii^' less than oiii' liiiii(lr('ii' lliree toes, altlioii^i (wo ji'eiiera. Sijiiat- aiola and Vaiieiliis, jiave lour. Tlie tarsus is reticulate and the toes aie partly \vel)l)0(l. 72 siioifi; niHDs OF NoiMii A.Mi;i;i<'A. c;emis charadrius linn. Sri!(;KNTs SQUATAROLA (('//,-.). CHARADRIUS SQUATAROLA {//////). Black-bellied Plover. Beetle Head. Black-breast. Chiiriiliiiis MiUMliinilii. Wiiilci'. Aihill iiiiih ill siiiiiiiur : r|i|M'i' |i;irl« smoky liliick : iciilli- (M's. ril;;cil willl dull wliilc : hi'cMsl . Iihick A (fti ill lllitlirsl ))luiri:li;r. jj 1)111 ii<lis. l.s.-): bill. 1.10. This species may ulwius he (lisliiigiiished from the (ioldeii IMover hy the prcscnee of a nuliineiilary iiiiid loe and tiie hlaei< a.\illais. wiiieh are yrav in the (iohieii IMover. It raiio'os from llie arctic n^oioiis to South AiiKM'ica, l)eiii,u' common on th(' Atlantic coast (hirin-- mijirations. It breeds in tiie far North: tlie eoas are nsuail.v four, pale olive Itrown, sj)otled and spoci ul llir Iii'.hI, iiii'liiiliiii; I've. Iil.nl;: ruicln'.nl, w liilisli, m wliiii- siripc I'sifiiiliiiL;' Imrkw ;inU civcr tin- I >!': ilowii till' li, li'Mtln'i- iii;iilr uniy mi lln' liri'My the jiray iixilliirs :iii(l tlic mIisc-iicc of tlit- small niditiicntary liiiid toe. It raiiLTcs from the arctic iciiioiis where it hreeds to South America, lieiiiir common on the coast diirinjr mijirutioii. It was at one time ahnndant in New Knjiland in the early fall, hnt its nnnd)ers have decreased greatly witiiin the past few year.s. While it prefer.- the hills and lields. it also fre.|nents the marshes and occasionally the sand Hats. The ejr.iTs are l.ntl' colored or hrownish white, mottled and marked with chocolate l»rown. The Knropean Lapwinjr, r>n>f'llns rancllns ( F.i.m.), has once been recorded from L(Mi<>- Island (Dntcher, Ank III., IS.si;, p. r,',6). 74 ht of these hirds oeeiirred aloiiu" the coast of ^lassaehiisetts, and hundreds of tlieiii were otl'ered for sale in the markets. 'I'he writer Uiliod sevei'al near llyaniiis. Mass.. at that time. It is ahuiidaiit in the (liilf States in winter, audits shrill notes are very familiar sounds to the Southern sportsmen. It breeds throuuhout its raiiiie. The ejius are described as pale brownish white, mottloci and lined with chocolate lirown. Ai'iiiiiliti- vocjIVr:!. MlOKK llllfl)S Ol- NOIllll ,vMi;i;i< A. 75 Siii:.;i,Ms AEGIALITIS l'."ii:. /EQIALIXrS SEniPALHATA lUmap. Semipalmaled Plover. Rins-neck. ,.1 MmcK'wI. |.M^.in-tnMn 111. ImH un.kr Hi- .•><• In 1 „• m,!.- ■. „,.,,„,,K:;.sm,•m,.;,U.hu.^vl,•,l..l.M•U^lll v. : m l.ro,.. han.l „f Ulaok on tl... hn.M.t: n-, ol mi.l.T i.Mt-, M-, tl.mat. ,vi.i,... ..xt..,„iiM- iuoumm tiM. n.M'k M.wi joiniMji ''^'i'*' ':;;7 "" ;' v..,v Minn.w strip.: s....on.lM.i.-. lil-l-'l ^^.tl. ^^l..l.••. '"" '-'"-A, Hind 111'' <■>'•: t"'""' ,y„n in .rinirr: Sin,il:ir. Im.I ll,.Ma-U nurUin- n.|MM..M. Ii\ liidwiiNIi or ura\ . l,,.ii^,|,. <;.s(): vNiii^. I-T^i: >ai-ii<, .IK! : ''iH. •-"■ KiU.ovs iVcni 111.' aivfu' rc,oi..us I.. Soull. .Vincric'i. T ,. , , I „ ....Hliu'-inl II is ii coimiK.ii species oil our foast ,,„,,iii,^ honi I..l.nulo. ; "*''^\ '• " ,,,,„^. ,..„„., ,, ,,,,,vnisli white, Ul-iu.U' Ihe mioTiltlolls. Ill" e,oo> ;iie HMl.iIlN 1 -iDolled with elioeolale lii'own. . . ,•.„„.;, i,.,,*., l ''!;.. Lillle Hill, Plovev, J-::nallfis >Wna, :u. Asi:.l,e speeies, is ol =u ci.h nial .uruncnec on the coast of Calitbruiii. 1)1 .1 /EGIALITIS HELODA (Oni.). Piping Plover. ,„„„.r: fi-l-T l'^"!- ^'^''>- •"'•'■'"■■"^' ,■!('»// '/' ■-■" wl.ite ...pan.t.Ml Iron, tli- ay a ;;:;:;:;.;;..,, .r..iaci<:a..ana on.,., side or ,1..^^^^^^ Ulack; nM.l,.n.an.an,lanni:avonn.ltlH.nccU.xsh.... ,,,„// /„ ,ri.tr,-: Similar to tl..' y jin,yislMmti; or asliy jra^^ U..adofhlacU: l/m.onn,...a,i>a.c,tMM-l,w'tl -l-U. i,.„j.-,l>.7.-i<>: xvin^M.SO: tarsus, .no: lull, .oO. KH.i-es from Ltil-nulor (o the West Indies .,,,,1 South Americ. It is a connnou species . ,.. , ,,, „„ the New Kuohu.l coast (lurii.o- the nugra- Tl. ';: J l',.us,,»lU, ■..,,.-. .lull "In,,.., n:,,.U,.,l „,,!,. UK im.wn. < I) siioiM'. i',ii;i)s oi' NH)i:rii amkijica. 4::(iSALrris /v.bloda circumcincta av,4;, . Belled Piping Plover. Il is .-iiiiilai' (() .\. iii(h)tlti. 'm:! '!if!'.'r< iii liaviiii:- ;in iiiiltrokcii l»la<'k Itaiul iVom tlic >i(l('-< ioiiii (I ill Voiit d'' till' iH'ck r-vinini;' :i coinplclc collar. 'I'liis }o!'!;>. iii'ciirs on llic toast (iuniii:' liic iiiiiiT.iiinns. It lirccds coiiinioiily in llic iuliMioi iViiUi Nort'icrn Illinois noii!' lo "Winnipci:'. and niiiiralcs in winlci'lo (lie ( Jiiit ol" Mexico. ' /T:»jIALITIS NIVOSA Ca.ss. Snowy Plover. .Kii'Kilili^ iiiv(i-ii. Aihil! ill siiiiiiiicr : Ipin'r iiliniinu'c, liiilii lii'nw ni-li ii'r.'iy, (ir ImiIIV i;r;iy : Iciri'liiMd mihI sii|M'rciliary ri'i;inii, lori's. Mill! iiiidcr p.irts. imri' wliilc: ;i |i:il(']i ot lil;ick on till' friiiil |PMrt <>r till' crow 11. liorili'iin^- ilic wliitc (oic- ImmiI: ;i sin.-ili |i;ilcli of IiImcI.; mi liii' ciir cm ens. Mini ;i lil.'ick jiMicli on I'Mcli -iilc of tin' dicsl ; liill. I'lilircly lil;icl<. 'riic Ccniiili' Is similar. Inn lia-; llic lilacK inarkin;;' (lii.H'r. laiiil j>Tayisli. W'iiilir /fhiiiiiiiii. mull : (iiMH'ral rrscnililaiicc |o llic iiiliill male In siini'.ncr, Imt llic Mack markliiLC rc|ilaci'il liy ur.'iyisli lirow n. or hii(Vi;ray : ic^s. Mack : liill. I'lillr.'ly 1iImcI<, uliicli is a yooil iliaiiiiosi Ic cliaraclrr. Lcii^ili. (i.;i(l In 7.1(1: win;;-. 1. 20 to (.•{.": Mil, .i;(): tiirsiis. .SS to 1,(1."). Tlic Snowy I'lovcf is coninion on the I'acilic const. tVoin Ndrdicni ('alilor- iiia to ("ciitial and .'^oiitli America. It also oecni's, in wiiiteP, in many of the Gull' States, and is not imcommon in noitliwcsteni Floii la. 'I'he eoos are laid in a meie depi'cs.sion in ih,. miikI. Tliey are usually foiif in numliei'. iiuH'oniy color, spotted with Iilack. , SlIOltK I'.IItDS r)l- NOWTIl AM KliK! A. SiiciNis OCHTHODROMUS Kiuii. /EGIALITIS WILSONIA {On/). Wilson's Plover. Afhili iiiiilr: Alicivc, :\A\\ hrowii: I'urcli.Mtl. wliitf. cxtciitliiiu- into ;i t'.iiiil siipi'iciliMry slr:|>.' i>l' dull hliu'U on till' cidwii: llii-.ml. wliitc. coiitimrm^- nii ilic -^idi's "f 111.- iii'ck. in'Mily ,i"iniii;i- upoii IIm' ii;i|»': :i Muck, |ifcln- y:\\ liMiKl.tlif tViiiliiTs .Mljicd Willi wliilf. h.'cc.miiij:' hrowii upon thf si(lc'<: 1111(1. T |)iir',«. wliitc: two ii'iitrMl tiiil |V;iiliiT-. hrowii. till' ollicrs sliowiii;;' iiic rtMsiiiii- iiiMi'kiii^s ol wliiK! to llif ouhT i:ill IV;itlicr>, wliicli an- wiiiti'; l>ill, I. hick (liirjiv ami stoiil i : Ic.n-, piiikisli. I'miali' ami iiiiiiialiiiv l.inN liav Hi.' pciMoral hainl lirowii. anil no Mack on Ilic lirail. I.rimlli. 7.I.V. win.i;-. l.im: l:iil, '-''f': liU'Mis. l.Ul: hill. .'.111. .I',i;i.-ili''- Wil-oiiia. Wils,.,,-. IMcvcr ..rcurs l...tl. en ll:v Atliinti.' and Pi.rilir .'OMsts oi North \ni..ri.-n nin.-iu" iVuni Lou,-- Islmi.l Mn.l la.w.M' ('.•.lifnrnia soutliwanl to tho \V,.,st iM.li.'s iin.l South Anicrira. Sln.-LT.s have hem iTcordi'.l as tar north ''''iMWn'tsth.-san.U lH'a.'lu->an.l Hat- often in nnnpany with other >iH.ri.». I, l.n.e.lslVon, Vn'^ii.ia snuthwanUh- ne.t hei,.^ a mere aeiHvssnm .n the sMU.l. Th.. e-s .re u^nallv three in nuinher, .hill white, spotted and marUed with ehoeohite innwn. 78 SirOlIK I'.lliDS OK NOIiTIi AMKKICA. Sriici MS PODASOCYS ('.HIS. /EQIALITIS MONTANA ( /;»//* Mountain Plover. .Ki;i;ilili- 111111111111:1. Siimiinr iiliiiii'iiii : l^'uri'ln'Mil ami -iripi' over (lie eye, wliilr: ;i -Iriin'nl' lilark Irniii ttic liilltiithi' CM'; tiiiiii lit criiwii. black: rc-l ul' iipiMT |illiiiia;;i'. iiiiluiliiiu' I'ack ami ciuwii. ^H'rayisli ImlV lin,^i'il with la\Mi\ : ilinial, wliili': lirrasi. laiiilly waslird willi lawny ImtV: n'-l nf iimlci' parts, wliiir: axillai-. wliili'. W'inirr iiliiiiiii'jc : iMiliiT upper pliiinaL;i'. iii- clmliiiu- ciowii. Iiiiir may: halluT-. lainlly (Mined witii lawny: tlintat. wliilisli: lii<'a- iIiiuimI with ImlV ur lunw nisli wliilc: ri'st ol' muli'i' part-, piii'r wliilc: axil- lais. \,liile. I.t'iiutli. s.T.J: win;:'. '>■ laisn-. l.do; liill, .'.15. "■i'l'mpiiali' North Anirfica trimi the ni-i'at plains, westward: accidental in Flofida." i,A. (>. U.) Tlic Mountiiin IMovof is strictly iiii iiil;m(l spccii's. tiircly. ifcvci'. lV('(|iii«iit- iiin- llio slioics imd iii.-irslics ot'tlit" cojisl . It riiiiiics tVoii) (Viitiiil Kiiiisus to llic IvocivV .Moiiiitiiiiis, iiiii-riitiiii:- in wiiilcf. soiitliwiird, to SoiiIIumm jiihI Lower ('jilifoniia and Mexico, Mild pfolialily aloiii:' the (iiilf. a-t in >omi(' localities, as it has Iteen tiiUen in Florida, it lii'eeds iVoin Kansas northward to the British ixmiidary. The eiigs are three, "grayish olive, spotted with dark brown. <11(»I!K l5li:i>S OF NOIiTII AMKItlCA. Tit Family AVHRV/ADM Surf Birds and Tuknstonks. Suin-AMii-v APHRIZINAE. Surf Birds. (liNis APHRIZA Ani.uH..N. APHRIZA VIROATA ((Z//;/). Surf Bird. A|iliii/.;i \ irji'.-ilM. 1,/,,//. s,i„n„rr r'"""".l'- ' I'l"''' '''"' \\ hitr : llii' -•' |V;ithcrs. Ill; ;,„.l s|.oll.M Willi '''•"■1< "" ''"■ '"■'•"' " \|iliii/:i \ir,L::il;i. ,„u,, Mivak.Ml n.i.l iiinlll.Ml with hh.fkMii.l -ravish 't^:":;:;:r-:'i::^:" ■-:.:":-- -i' -""»-« l<-<,i;ray. ^,.^|,,. ,„.ownish '^v.w : tlimal, whili-li: lnvast, ||7»/,c idiim^'W : Kiauv u|.imi |'. - ',,,„,■,,.,, .yitti l.n.wnisli -lav : lunii., '"■..»..i* .-»>- ■■•-V, ;:;■'■ ;:;:;,:\" . r. M. m"..* -i > -i,,, ». : .^ii^..- ».....■. . , ,1,., P.i.iiic .-..a^t (.f Nortli and Soutli Aiucrica, :z :::'!::: \ >.' u... i„ ,.....,.„ n.,,., a -. m >H«ji!K i!ii;i>s or NOirni amkimca. SuBKAMii.v ARliNAKliN/]^. Tiirnsiunks. Gknus ARENARIA BKIS.S..N. ARENARIA INTERPRES (//////). SlIiiiiiH'r. Arcniii'i.i iiili'i|prr-. Wliilrr. Turnstone. CiiiCKKN 1*1,. 'Vii;. ISiiWT r>ii;i>. Cai.ko 1! uk. ^'iiliill ill siiiiiiinr : liciHT,-|l U|i|iiT |i:il'ls. iii(i|ll<'il Mllil \ :i lir^'.'it fd with li|,-ick. wliilc, ruroll^ Mini tiiwiiy: llir'oiir .-iiul lircjisi, hl.-ick .'iinl wliiic: ic^i nl iiiidrr |i,iii ■. while. im'iI. willi -uIiIit- iiiiiiiil li.irid 111' liliick, tipped willi \vlii( •. Adiill ill ii-iiilir: Alii>\'i', li.Lfllt. slreid^ed ^md iliislicd willi d.-iili blow n ; .in impel Irrl li;ind of diirk hrovMi .III the jiinidiiin : eliin and upper 11,111 dt llie 1 hidai . wliiie: >ide- id liie,.|-t. like tlie li.ieU: ri'-l III llie under purls, wliite: ;i di 1 wu Ihiid- nt llie niiter leal he r<. w Idle : le^;-. reildi-h nraniie; hill. Idack. I. (Mii;lli. .>.;.(;:. : win;.;-, .'1.70 : tail, -J. CO: lar-ii-. 1; liill. .'.1:1. The 'I'lifiistoiic, ( 'liickcii I'loNcf, or liraiit IJinl, ;i> it is ^ 5^S:::sr— ---^ V!iri().i." x 1.1."). it i> coiimioii on the .\tl;iiitic cojol duriiiii' iniLii'jitioiis. tVccnicntiiii:' siintly Im'mcIics and llats, xiindiino in >inall llock-. l)ii( often alone oi' with a sinii'lc e()ni|ianion. It has reeeiveil its name iVoni the manner in wliieli ii (urn- o\cr small peh- liles and >hells while -earehini: i'or the small ei'ii-taeean-- and insects n|)on which it feeds. ARHNARIA MKI.ANOCKPH ALA {17-.). Black I urnstone. .\ihili. siimiiKi- i,hi)iii"/i : (iciirr.-il |ilinii;iL;i'. limw iii-li hl.-icl;. Willi ,-1 liii-c III nr.'iiiuT ; liMi'lic:iil ;iiiil liii'ii-t. -lrc.'il<(Ml witli w 1 1 ill': :i w hill' >|iiil nil I 111' JiMi'-. .iiul .■! uliitc li:ir (111 ilir w iiiii': l»ll> llllil rri~-lllll. u llilr. .\,l„ll, irliil, I- 1,1 innni, : Si llli l.'l T. lull Im'l;- llll' Wllill' 111! till' li'.-iij ;iii'l lifi'.'i-l . I.i'iiulli. '.i; Willi;-, ."..'.)ll: liill. I: l:ir-il-. I. The IMacK- 'rmii>tone occur- only on the I'ai'ilie coast of .\oilh America, rani^inij; iVoni Point Harrow, Ala>ka,to Lowei' ( 'alifornia. ll iireciU from Alaski' to r.rili-h ('oliiml)ia. The e^^s ai'e three or four, dnil cia\' color, mai'ki'd with dn>ky hrown. '.. ll.irl.-l llirl.ll i'|ill.l!:i i- 82 SlIORF. lUKDS OF NOliTII AAIKHIf'A . Famh.y H/EMATOP()DII)yV:. Ovstf.k-catciikks. Genus HAEMATOPUS Linn. H/EnATOPLI5 PALLIA! US Tcinm. American Oyster=catcher. ^.lid^ W'hihc /'hiiii'iiii. iiiiili : llc:i(l ,111(1 iii'cli. Iiliicki^li <•!' winy; ciivcrl-. pari <>( si'i'ipinlaiii'^. anil lia-al puriiun ul' llic laii IValli- iT-. \\ hill' : liill. rrdiii-ili (iranj;i', ilarUi'iiiiii; al tlii'tip(iii siiniiMcr. ilci'p ii'il): Icji's, llcsli fcildr. I.ciiiitli. 17.1(1: Willi;-. 10. 05: tail. I.;!."): lar-ii-. -J.liO: hill. ;i..")0. II;iiii,iIm|,ii- |i.illi;lUl- Tlic .Viiicric.'in ( )vslci- cntclici' i> ;i strictly iiiiiri- fiiiH' siiccics. tVi'i|Uciitiii<; the lic'iclics and Hats ox- jKiscd \)\ tlic tide, wlicro it x'urclio tnr claii.s and -iiiali liivalvo. It i> iml micoiriinoii in -nilalilc Ideali- ties on the Allanlie cdast I'luni .New .Jersey -(Hitiiw aid, and on llie I'aeilie side iVoin I.owcr ( 'alit'o'iiia to IVala-onia. SI raii^'lers liioe lieeii taken on lln' eonst of Maine and .Mass;irlnis( tl>. The ei;;:.!s aic laid in a de|iri'>-ioii in the sand. 'I'hev are iisiiallx three or lour, hull' while in color. Iilolelied ;ind spoiled with ehocol ite iirov\ii. and nicasurc al'oiit 'i.iiO \ l.JO, i sinii.'i-; luiiiis OK Noirni .wir.iiifA. 83 H/eMATOJ>US FRAZARr. Br.-a'stn: Fra/.ar's Oyster=catcher. ( icdiii'jipliiciil (li>t iil)iil iiMi : ■■ Lowci' ( '■•iliionii:! (itotli (•((ji>ts), iioilli. to Lits CoroiiJitlos I>|!iih1s."' (A. < ). V .) 'I'lircc s|(('ciiiicii> of this iiilcrcsliiiL;- spccio were pidcincd l»y Mi'. Fi'ii/.tir iiortli of L;t l':i/., on the (iulf of ( ';ilifoniia. It is drsri'ilicd as " diU'criiii:- from tlif Xoitli Aiiiciicaii l)ii(l ill lia\ iiii:' a .-toiitcr and inoic dcprcsx'd liill, littli; or MO wliilc on tlic ('yclid>: the liacU. sra|iulai-, and wiiiLi-covcits. richer and dc('|)(>r hrown, the iiriinarics and tail f('athcr>. larUrr : the npjx'r tail-i'()V<'rts, more or less \arif. marke(l with lii'own : the heiid of the wiiii; and Lireater under primary eoveits, mottled with hlaek and white: tVoin the (lalapaizos sjieeio in tlii' rather shoi'ter hill iind distinctly hrown (instead of sooty hlaek) hack, scapulars and winii-coverts, dark niarkiiiLis mi the under tail-covcits. and the nfeatcr amount of white on the under primary co\('rt>: t'rpecimeiis, all males: winjj;'. iL7"> to lO.iiT: tail. ;5.!K) to 1.2i>: tai>us. I'.ls to l^.")-a-, l.m. (ieoiinipliieal di«>tw''ntk>ii : " PactHr coast .if North .Vinerica. from the .\loiiti!ui Islaivdv h. Ka W/ . Lowvr ( "alilorni.i." (A. (). V.) I i «4 ^llltllK r.lUDS or NOIMll AMKKICA. m- . pvf' yi .I:ir:ni;i-. slIOl.i: I'.lliDS (»I- NOinil AMKIMCA. 85 S'T5??:^> Family J ACANlD/l-:. JACANA SPINOSA (l.inu.). Mexican Jacana, Sp. rliiir. Aihili iiiiili' : Kill Mini i'(iiiili, p.ili' iir.iniLc: li.in- ^Kin ,il liic liiisc of tlie liiwtT iiiMiidililr, pule liliiisli wliiti-; lifiid, '.^■Hlpit luck. .111(1 ii|i|M'r lirciist. (liirk, lustnnis '■■i 11 : liMck Mild wiii^' ciivcrl*. purple, .l:lc;iMM -|iiMu-:i. sliMdiini' iiiin ru'li ,ii('i.'(>ii(k'iri('s. y(dl(i\v. ,.docd N\illi hicvMi: iMil. iiilcu- l(r.(\vii: cmtpmI ^pur m Imriiy spur on liciid .d' win-). pMlc (ii-Miiizc : Ic--' :ii"l ''''■'• ''"" "li^''- r.cii-lli. It: win-. •">: ImII. •-'.2.-) : lMr vciy (lillciviil, l)iit llic l»inl in miiv plimia-!*' i-iiu iKudly 1k' coiifoimdcd with :iny oilier XoHli .ViiuM'iriiii spcfios, (;'(.(.-r:il>lii(!il (listi'iluilioii: "I^owcr Kio (iriiiidc N'allcy, Texas, south to I'aiiaiiia, ("uha and llayti." (A. O. U.) The .laeaiia is iiiveii a place aiiioiii-- our birds from its casual occurrence in ll„. Lower Kio (irande Valley, K is a iVesh water species. lVe.|Ucntin- the ponds and creeks. iisriDEx: A. Aclili> iiiiii'iiliii'i.'i AclcHlldlllll- . . .Iv4iillill> . . . IIII'Ih.I.'I . . citcuilir lllcilllllllll . . UiVKKll . . . >rii>i|i,'iliiiiil:i MM-ili'iii . . wilMiniii . . Aliu'iiiiili Aviirrl IMiiiliii . . . (t,\ >li'f r.ilclii r W Ic'uck Apliii/.i .... vir;;:ili'i . . . Aii'ii:iii.i iMli'i|iic'> ii>('I.'|||IimI.'I .\l'l|ILlll'll.'l . . . .\\ I .... iiK t;i r.:iii'i|'- ■•:iiiil|ii|M'r . . ISMiii'.'iiniM liiii^'iriiiiclii ItMiliinii'- S:inil|iilii'i- I'x'I'lll' ill'Mil .... IScIIimI l'i|iiiii;- I'liu.T lil;icU lifllir.l I'luvci- . IH:ick liii',i>l I'loM'f . ItlllcU 'I'lilllslllMC . . liliirk 0\>I.T( .■ilrlii'i' Uliiik iii'ck.'il Mill . . Itriiiil liini . . . . Itiiiw n li:ick . . . ISiilt liri':i>ii'.| S:iiiiliii|M Hull I'ffi B. C Clllii'aliilck . . riiliilii> MiTiiiiriii I'Alll. hi; 71 711 711 71 .•(.•| IS 17 111 111 ."I ,s:! Ml II II.') .'ill SO m I I'Ai.i; I li;ii;ii|iiii|;i' 71 I liar.iiliili- 7l' iliiiiiinii'ii- 71! -iliiiiliirol.'i 7'- I liiiki'ii I'liiv I'f .so < i> iiiiiiihilii> liilic:ii ill- :i-.' I'lllil'W Sl|lHl|li|llM- ."ill us lis 117 117 711 .liirk . . . Iliiil-ciiikiii l,..n.i;' l.illr.l .sii-klc hill . K-kiii D. Ilur iliril . |)iiii-li liii'l Diiwitilici- . jliinliii . . E. Kn;irll-li Sni|M' KiviMicl.- . . . IM'Ci.ll'llhlli^ . |iii-illii> . . K-kiiMci I'm Irw . Kiirii|iriiM Hiiiiliii Kiini|>i'iiii Kiill Kiiriiin'Mii W Ici F. l-i.'l.l l'l..vci- H'r:i/^:ii'> 1 1\ -lr|- I :ilrlnT G. (■nlliii.'i^'M ili'Th'.'ilM . liiMlwil, lliKlMiiiiaii (■IHJwIt. IIIMI'llll'll (Iiildl'll I'lnvci' . . (i(Mi>c'liii(l 111' (imluil (Iiii-- ISinI .... 711 711 41 111 111, III .■|| 4'.l ll'J :S!i «4 :v.i ■)ii .^4 71! .■|4 4o 88 INDKX. (irny l'liiiliirii|ic . . . (iri'iilcr ^I'MiiH Icffs . (iit'cii l'lu\ rr .... (Jiri'ii shtiiik .... (iiitlri- Siilpi. .... 7:1 mi O. H. I ll;riiiMl(i|ii"lii|:r .x-J ll:rMi.Mlo|iii> |iiilli;ilu> s-.' Ih'tiM-iiiMilis iiiciimis Ill llliiiMiili<|iiis ijii'xli'.'inii^ .'IT I lliii|>iiiii,-Mi < iirli'W I!,"! i lliMl.'-iiiiiMn (imlwit .v. iliiiiiilit\ . (II- (Jdihvil ,",(; lliiniililv (ill J. .liicjinii s.'i spiiKisii si, ,S'j .liirk ( iirlcw . . .lack Siii|u' . . . K. KilMcc . . KillllciT l-liivi Ixiiiil . . . .'I'.r 74 74 I.t'iist Siini||ili»'r 4>< l.iiiiicolii' :{| l.ini(i>,'i ,-,4 l'''l":i '. . .-.4 li:rliiM>licM ,-,(; lii|ili(iiiic;i liiiiii'ri .-,.-, I.iiii;; liilli'il Dowili'licr 117 II M. Mari()iliiniiiiliii> 41 Kii^'Mis 41 scildimccii.- 41 M;iililf(l (iuilwil .-,4 Mii'i'iipiil.'iiiiM liiiii;iiiti>|iii> 4.J >I (;7 '""•'■■'ili> TO Innlsdiiicus (IX liiM^'irdstris (;; l'.\(iK. (IV-IlT ( .•llclllT «■.>,, S.l I'llVdiiccllii |iii;;m.'i\ I'l'ilnnil SillMl{ii|ii'l' I'tT)! I'cllllllM IMi.Ml;n-(.|H'- . , . Il'i l.'i lii ;!l l'lial;Mn|ir. lie, I ;{■> (•i:\\ ;l'J Nni-ilii'iii ;!:i Wil-i.ir- ;14 riiiil,'ifii|iii|a' Ill lciliaiii,< :i;i irji'dldi' ;i4 riiilulicl;i iiiliioi' .'l.s l'lll|i|c SiUli||ii|ll'T' I'lilV IT. ( ilci'll I111U\ . . . . .■"i-lnilialin.-ilnl . rpk'iiiil . . . \Vil-(iir- . . . R. Hci'iiiv ii-o-iiii .■iiiii'tii- l!ci| Mailiii . . . Ilcil rMal.'ii'n|>(' . . Kcil lili'.a.-lrij Slii|ic Ifcil-liackcij Saiiii|ii|ii l!h>iif(i|iliilii> . . Wiii.tr-iifck .... liiiliiii Siii|M' . . , Itiill s. .>^:iiiil('i-|iiij;- S;niiliii|icf, r.aiu.iiiiiaii cr ll.utrainV liainl's liiitr liri';i-ti'il 44 7.1 7;! .'lll.'l 'I' . I.I 7.'i 7(i 7."i (H :i.-. .-14 :w 41 4!l 41! . . .-it . . IM ■ . 47 . . (I."i < lllll'W ,-,|) '■'■••i-l 4s I'i'ClcilIll 4;, l'lli|ilc 44 linl liackc'il 4), UcclliTC'l^lccI 4;[ ^•t'lMiiialiiiali-il ;, 1 INDFA. fi'J .S|iiiil|il|ii'i', — Ciiiilliiiiiil. "*iilUiii\ S|Millrr| Mill \\ I'-icni -niiiiiiiliii^ili'il Wlilh- lliiii|iriiIUMI> '»illic||pi|ll'|- .V.I S|MiltCl| »;iiii||ii|M\' (Id Mill :i.-. Still Sniiil|ilipri' 4'.' .Sliiiic (iirli'H (Ill SiimihiT Villiiw liu- .'iS Siirl llinl T'.l S\ iii|>lirnilii ■.i'iiii|i.'iliiuilM (Ill " " iniiriiiitM (II I'AiiK I riili>.'(i - rM/(//»H(i/. iil|iliiii |i;ic'illi'a li:iir>lll . . . r.'llllllll- . . rn'i'ii^iiii'.'i rii-clnilll- lllilriiliitii . , liiliriliiiiii . . iiiililllllhi . . 'i'lv iiirilc- -iilinilli'olll 'I'lini-liiiic .'ill III; li .-.I Hi ;!x :i!i 'riiiMiiii- . . imIi|ii|iI|> llM\i|H'- nirhiliiili'iii MC'lilll.Uill- ^i'iiil|iiiliM;M('i| Siiiiil|i||ii.r Willc-I While llllil|ici| S;iiii||ii|iri- . WIImhi'^ >iii|ii' I'lllMT rii:iliiici|ic Willil WilitcT \f\U>\\ Irir- . . . WcHiilc'iH k Y. Vrllnw Icj ■\i.l. ■Ill III 4.1 Till Hi 4,-. 44 4» il.'i .•^11 Ii4 111 41 .ij III 4(1 I! 1,4(1 (III -.it* 7, .-iH