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The accomitanyinjf map, there printed, shows the regular boundary line recojjnized by Rus- sia, ( Jreat liritain, and the United States since lSlil,and also the new or Cameron Line con- tended for liy the Itominion of Canada since 1SS7. liy convention of July, lSl>Li, commis- sioners were appointed on the part of the I'nited States and Canada to conduct '•.urveys in the rej^ion in (juestion, to ascertain « facts and data necessary to the permanent delimi- tation of the said boundary line.»» The work was to be c(mipleted by December :^1, I.SIM, liut the difficult field-work in so jjreat an ex- tent of territory re(|uired an extension of time to December SI. \H*X>; and now, by a last con- venfion, Decemlier Ml, IS'.m;, is the time set for all data relative to the lioundary rejjion 1(1 lie laid before those who will be charged with negotiating the final treaty. In the treaties between Russia and (Jreat Britain, and Russia and the United States, in lS:i4 and 1X2"), and ajjain in the treaty be- tween Russia and the United States in 1S*<)7, it is provided that, from the well-known boun- dary line of r)4° 40', The said line shall ascend to the north along the channel called INirtland channel, as far as tho jMiint of the continent where it strikes the Hllth degree nf north latitude; from this last-mentioned point, the line of (icmareation shall follow the summit of the mountains situated jiarallel to the coast as far as the jioint (d' inter.sertion of the Mist degree of we.st longitude, (of the same me- riilian;! ami finally, fmm the .said jioint of intiT- .-iectioii, the said meridian line of llie Mist degree, in its prolimgation as far as the l''i'ozen ocean. lid. That whenever the summit of the moun- tains whieh extend in a ilireetion parallel to the coast from the ."i<>th degree id' north latitude to the point of inter.secli(m of the Mist degree of west longitude shall prove to he at the distance of more than ten marine leagues from the ocean, the limit between the I'.ritish po.^sessions and the line of coast wliich is to belong to Russia as above mentioned (that is to .say. the limit to the po.s.se.s- sions '.eded hy this convention I shall he formed by a line parallel to the windir.g of the coast, and whi(di shall never exceed the distance of ten ma- rine leagues therefrom. The northern part of this boundary, being an astronomical one, was easily determined by careful observations made at United States Coast Survey stations on the Yukon and Por- cujiine rivers in ISSIMH. .Meridian stones were erected on the banks of those rivers, and the difference in position between them and the jiositions marked by Canadian surveyors is l)ut trifling. An appropriation of .$7"i,(MK) has been granted by C -ngress to defray the share of the United States in the exjtense of the .ioint commission to determine and mark the line of the 1 list meridian in the Yukon region this season. Circle City, .iust below the arctic circle, on the upper Yukon, arul the mining camjts on Forty Mile Creek and other tributaries, are now permanent settlements, with regular communication each summer with Seattle and San Francisco, by way of St. .Michatd's in Rering Sea. and receive an influx of miners each spring, by way of Juneau and Chilkat. Over two thousand miners are said to have been at work along the creeks and gulchet^ of Yukon .Alaska last season, and more than four hundred men started in January and February of this year to drag their .supj)lies on hand sleds across the 7.~t() miles of I'ritish territory lying between the boundary at the summit of Chilkoot Ra.ss and the boundary at the crossing of the 141st meridian on the Yukon. The United States does not recognize, pro- tect, or control these mining communities in ;>ARV VICTORIA, D. O. ■r 144 THE CKXTrRY MAGAZINE. any way. Xo {feological explorations or sur- veys have been undertaken, and there are no orticial reports upon the h)cation, formation, development, or yield of this rich placer re- fjion. There are no military jtosts and not a ter- ritorial or Federal officer in Yukon Alaska save one customs inspector and postmaster. There is no law, .'•'.ave as the miners maintain their own unwritten code. Church missionary societies have provided for the few peaceable Indian tribes, but even spiritual comfort is withheld from the miners. « Heaven is hifjh, and the Czar is far off,» despairinjj Russian colonists used to say lonjf afjto. Since the military occupati (and by cession to the United States) into alternat- ing tongues and patches of United States and Hritish soil. Yet this Thirty Mile Strip was rented by the Hudson I'.ay Company from Russia for twenty-eight years, Sir Ceorge Simpson, governor of that company, .raying that all the Hritish possessions in the interior adjacent to it were worthless without this coast strip. In an informal discu.«!sion of this interna- tional boundary line held at Washington dur- ing the Fisheries Conference, 1887-1SS8, Mr. William H. I )all of the Smithsonian In.stitution, and Dr. ( 1. M. Dawson of the Dominion ( leologi- cal Survey, represented their respective gov- ernments. The map was presented on which (leneral Cameron had drawn his surprising line, and the argument advanced that the words « Portland channel »» in the treaties could not mean Portland ( hannel, because that tidal in- let does not extend to the line of r)(j°— not by all of five or six minutes of latitude, it .seems. British surveyors charted that sup- posed boundary inlet immediately after the transfer of Russian America to the United States; and on the «Hy» to the Hritish Admi- ralty chart No 2431, published in 18(59, they appropriately named the heights on the east, or British side, for their own contemporary state.smen, antl honored the heights on the west, or Alaskan, shore with the names of Lincoln, Seward, Rousseau, Halleck, Adam.s, Peabody, and Reverdy -Johnson. The Canadian conferee suggested to Mr. Dall that the United States yield some portions of the Thirty Mile Strip giving access to the interior in exchange for a great block of territory south and west from the upper Yukon and between the latter and t*^ Mr. DJ Arctii] River.l Charlt] .lohn (juite the U of coa in exti ing. (lentlj c(»ntiil tionaj and tl Foil and*! have antl r betw* For t I panit and a Cana( tinue parti Statt tureH 18'.);i topo! done the 1 mom worl ( 'anj the! the at 1 its Ion! tua Urn \o\\ a s it boi fe< th tr: H» ai ai \v tl u t T that sum- Iten marine ioast, when |o the wind- never ex- Lfues there- [Iways been '.« and its ■awn alike 'fficial Ca- if nearer [reaty ref- u^ht it to md thence .or)4°4(r. presented h'nff still ie Thirty it existed 5 " line of ' (and by alternat- tates and ">tri}) was >ii.\' from ■ 'Jeorffe y,^ sayinjr ' interior lout this interna- ton dur- «N«, Mr. titution, leologi- ive gov- n which 'prising e words uld not idal in- i°-not ude, it it sup- er the ['nited Admi- >, they ' east, lorary n the es of lams, idian nited Mile ange west itter THi: ALASKA IWUXDAUY Ql'KSTIOX. nr* and the present boundary of Alaska. The" Mr. Dall incjuired if Canada would take a! Arctic-fronting Alaska north of the Yukon River, aii,r)l^;> feet), which is now the highest mountain on the North .Vmerican continent. In IS*.);") a traver.se was run from the line of r»(i° X., on Hear River at the head of Portland Channel, and triangulation carried to Fort Simpson, and along the north shore of Dixon Entrance which forms a natural water boundary along the line 54° 40'. In the mean time the reg- ular work of the United Stat Coast Survey .steamer PattirKDii in .\laska has not been in- terrui)ted, and the careful charting of the routes of commerce through the Sitkan archi- pelago has been continued. Vol.. Lii.-i;t. The change of Imundary indicated by the Cameron Line would not only take from .Alaska several rich mineral .sections, but our most uni(|ue .scenic pos.session8. Port- land Channel it.**' IT is a fiord of surpassing beauty; Hehm Canal is justly extolletl as the fine.st landscape reach on the coast; Revilla- gigedo is the .scenic island; and John .Muir is author of the .saying that the Stikine River is «a Yosemite one hundred miles long." The Cameron Line would annex all the.se to Can- ada, cro.ssing the Stikine at its muddy mouth, and taking away over sixty miles of that navi- gable Yosemite, on who.se banks four places nave been accepted as the temporary bound- ary in the past. Three times the Hud.son Pay Company post and the Hritish custom-house were removed and rel»uilt, until at last, dur- ing the Cassiar mining boom, the Hritish custom-house was allowed to remain on ac- knowledged Alaskan soil, at the foot of the (Ireat ( llacier, for the temporary convenience of the P.riti.sh authorities and the I'nited States military officers at Fort Wrangell, near the mouth of the Stikine River. Later a town site was surveyed around this very custom-hou.se, and entered at Victoria, H. C. The most beautiful tide-water glacier on the coast would be lost to us by (leneral Cameron's penciled annexation of Taku Inlet. The boundary line, which had always been drawn at the crest of the mountain range at the head of Lynn Canal, was moved down to tide- water on the Canadian map of ISX4; and in 1SS7 (leneral Cameron moved the line sixty miles farther .south, to the very en- trance of that magnificent fiord, gathering in all the Herner's I'ay mine.s, the canneries at the head of Lynn Canal, the great Davidson (llacier, and the scores of le.s.ser ice-streams that constitute the glory of that greater Lyn- genfiord of the Xew World. Least plea.sant to contemplate in this proposed partition or gerrymandering of .scenic .Alaska is the tak- ing away of (JIacier P»ay, which, discovered by John Muir ' in 1H7!), visited and named by .Admiral lieardslee in ISSO, has been the goal of regular excursion steamers for thirteen seasons past. .Alaska tourists learn withdismay that the Cameron line, cutting across ( llacier Hay at its very entrance, would transfer the great glaciers to the Hritish flag, and jirevent United States steamers from lantiing pas- sengers at Muir (llacier, just as the Canadian excursion steamer has been debarred from landing visitors in Muir Inlet for want of a United States custoni-hou.se. ' See fRNTtRY .Mahazink, .June, 18'Jo: coverv of Oliicier Hav.n «The DLs- l(i37nB 146 THK CKNTrKY MAOAZINK. So far tlu' so-called Canadian «aKKri'.s- HJonsM are all on paper. The Cameron liine lias l)een drawn, Imt has only Imaginary exis- tence. For a