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Oenanl Lagiilatioii, iaoluding PariiuMnteiy, Muiuoip*l, BdnoatioiwI, B«- formatorji' and ObairiUblti Inatitatioiu ; Liquor Traffie^ Labour I«wa ; Btatiatiai ; Agrieultur* ; Ovown Domain ; Law Reform ; Inraranoe l^Inanaial Lagialation, inoluding Rdlway Aid ; Snrplna Diatribution ; Repeal of Tazea ; Liquor UoeiuM ; Drainaga InTeatmanta ; Audit of Pablie Aooonnta n. AamvnBnjkxiow. . Qoneral Admiaiatration, inolnding the aix Departmenta of the Publio Uenrifle, Financial Adminiatration, inoluding (1) Surplua, (2) Annual Sxpenditnra, and (3) Oompariaona with Quebec and the Dominion III. MisouxAHaovs Reaaoni for the Premature Diaaolution of Parliament Provincial Bighta IV, Appindiom : A.— The Bribery Oaae. . B.— The Boundary Oaae . ^^^ 0.— BulwayAid '^.. D.— School Oranta B. — Charitable Inatitutiona and Beligioua Denominationa F.— Oranta to Agricultural SodetieB (1871-85) Q.—Surplua Diitribution by Oountiea (1871-86) . . H.— Table of Annnal Beceipta from 1867 to 1886 . . L— Table of Annnal Expenditure from 1867 to 1886 J.— Expenditure on Ai^lnma for the Province IiroKC ■: -.j.M* PAOI. 1-a 3-40 640 6-86 36-40 41-50 60-67 67-73 67-70 70-73 76-77 78-81 8S 84-86 86-87 88-89 90-91 vr M 92 98-96 THE MOWAT GOTEEMfflT. FQURTEEN YEARS OF LIBERAL LEGISLATION .\ND ADMINISTRATION. The ^.dministratiou of the late Hon. John SandSeld Macdonald went out of office, as the result of an adverse vot« of the Legislative Assembly, in December 1871. The Hon. Edward Blake accepted the task of forming a new Admin- istration, and from that time to the present, the Liberal party has controlled the course of legislation and the administration of public affaira. In 1872, Mr. Blake resigned his seat in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, in order to retain his seat in the House of Commons of Canada, and the Premiership of the Province was, in October of that year, offered to and accepted by the Hon. Oliver Mowat, who has ever since filled continuously the dual position of Premier and Attorney- General. The Mowat Administration, with some changes of personnel, has thus held office without interruption for fourteen years, and has during that time passed successfully through three general elections — one n 1875, one in 1879, and one in 1883. On each of these occasions, the policy and the acts of the Administration were subjected to the severest criticism, but in spite of this, and in spite of the hostile influence of the Dominion Government, actively exerted against it in 1879 and 1883, it has never been without a fair working majority in the Legislative Assembly. The term of office of the Mowat Administration is the longest continuous term of office in the annals of British parliamentary government, whether in Great Britain or the Colonies, for the past hundred years, with the exception of that of the first Pitt Ministry (1782-1801), and that of the Liverpool Ministry (1812- 11S27). For the long period of fourteen years it has retained, without interrup- tion, the confidence of a people' second to no other in the world in political capa- city, though during that interval Great Britain has had five changes of adminis tration, the Dominion of Canada two, the Province of Quebec two, the Province of Nova Sootia two, the Province of Prince Edward Island two, and the Province of New Brunswick one. In the following pages an attempt is made, by means o' a brief summary of the legislative and administrative record of the Mowat Gov- tmment, to show why it has been able to retain for so long a time the confidence of Um people of Ontario, and also why it is entitled to a renewal of that confldenet in the appeal that i« about to be made to the electors. For the aake of convenience the review is made to include the year 1872, the legislative session of which was held under the auspices of Mr. Blake, and it is di- Tided into two parts, the first being devoted to " Legislation," and the second to " Adminis tration." Each of these is again divided into several heads, under one or other of which will be found every matter of importance connected with the kgialaiive and administrative history of the Province for the past fifteen yean. I. LEGISUTION. 2. S. 4. The legislative jurisdiction of the Ontario Legislature is expressly defined in Um British North America Act, and as there have been some disputes between th« Ontario and Dominion Parliaments as to the limits of their respective spheres, spheres, it is expedient to cite at the outset the words of the Imperial Statute itself Section 92 of the B. N. A. Act is as follows : — In aaoh Provinoe the LegUUture may exclusively make lawa in relation to matten ooming within the danea of tubjecta next hereinufter enumerated, that U to say : — 1. The amendment from time to time, notwithatanding anything in this Act, of the Oonati- tation of tibe ProTinoe, except as regards the uffice of Lieutenant-Qovernor. Direct taxation within the Proyince in order to the raising of a revenue for Provinoial purposes. The borrowing of money on the sole credit of the FruviDce. The eatablishmeut and tenure of Provincial officee, and the appointment and payment of Provincial ofiSoers. The Dianasement and sale of the Public Lands belonging to the Province, and of tha timber and wood thereon. The estsblishment, maintenance and management of Public and Reformatory Priaons in and for the Province. The establishment, maintenance and management of Hospitals, Asylums, Charities and Eleemosynary Institutions in and for the Province, other than MHrine Hospitals. Municipal Insiitntions in the Province. Shop, saloon, tavern, auctioneer and other licenses, in order to the raisii g of a revenue for Provincial, local or muniuipal purposes. Local works and undertakings (except those of an interprovincial or internaM«nai oliaracter). The incorporation of companies with Provincial objects. The solemnization of marriage in the Province. Property and civil rights in the Province. The Administration of Justice in the Province, including the constitution, mainteaanoe and organization of Provincial Courts, both of civil and criminal jurisdiction, and including procedure in civil matters in those Courts. The imposition of punishmont by tine, penalty or imprisonment for enforcing any law of the Province made in relation to any matter coming within any of the classes of subjects enumerated in this section. 16i. QenenUly all matters of a merely local or private nature in the Province. By the 93rd section the power exclusively to make laws in relation to educa- tion is given, only with a reservation in favour o^ the rights of denominatienal minorities. A single glance at this list of subjects will show how great a power for either good or evil is conferred on the Provincial Legislature ; and as, under the system of " Responsible Qovernment," the Ministry of the day are responsible for all laws enacted under their r^ime, it will show, also, how imporiant it is that that Minis- try should be composed of men who are at once able, experienced, free from the soapicion of corruption, and abreaub of the times in their sympathy with political progress. & 9. 10. IL 12. la 14. 15. A. PRIVATE BILL LEGISLATION. All Acts of Parliainont are divided into two clatues, " Public" and " Private,"^ and it will be convenient to consider the latter first. It is difficult to draw any sharp line of distinction between these classes, because all statutes have more or less to do with the definition of public rights. The Legislative Assembly of Ontario treats all Bills as " Private," which grant to any party or parties the right to erect bridges; to make turnpike roads or railroads; to construct harbours, canals, locks, dams, slides, and similar works; to run ferries ; to form joint stock companies ; or, generally, to exercise any exclusive or peculiar privileges whatever, or to do anything that would atfeC' the rights or property of other parties. With respect tc this kind of legislation, Mr. Bourinot, in his " Parliamentary Procedure ana Practice,"^ makes the following remarks: " In a ooiintry like Canada, with iU immeiue extent of territory, and varied material reaonroea, private bill lesiilation tnuat neoeMarily form a very important part of the work of the Parl::.ment and the LegisUtures of the Dominion. One of the advantages of the federal unioi haa been the diatributiun amongst several legislative bodies of an immense amount of work that otherwiaa would have embarrassed a single legisUturo. * * * Since 1867 the Dominion Parli»m«nt has passed more than 1,400 Acts', of which 660 have been for private objects in the parliamant- S sense of the term, that is to say, for the incorporation of railway, land, insurance, and er oompaniea and bodies, many oi which illustrate the development of the country from a material, intellectual, and social point of view. Diirinti the .^ame period the Legislatures of the Provinces of Oanada have passed between 6,000 and 7,000 Acts, of which upwanls of two-thiids i«late to local or private obJHCts. These figures show not only the legislative activity of Canada, but the value of local or provincial freedom of action in all matters that necessarily and properly fall within the constitutional functions of the several Legislatures." During the period of the Liberal rdgime in this Province, 1872 — 18S6, there have been passed by the Ontario Legislature no fewer than 896 Private Acts, dealing with rights and franchises of the most important and varied character. Ibis number would have been very much larger, but for the passage in 1874i of a Public Act,' which authorizes the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, by letters patent to grant charters of incorporation for certain purposes and under certain conditions to parties petitioning therefor. In consequence of the passage of this law the number of Private Acts, which in the session of 1873 rose to 115, has since 1875 averaged only 50 a year, while the number of charters granted under the general Act since 1874 amounts to 794. It is needless to say that the grant- ing of peculiar or exclu.sive rights to parties, whether by special Acts or by letters patent under a general statute, throws upon the Government of the day a heavy responsibility. The utmost precaution is needed in order to ensure that all in- terested parties shall have adequate notice, and that the quasi-judicial proceedingp of the Standing Committees of the Legislative Assembly, to which all private bills are referred, shall be conducted in proper form. Of one of these Committees, that which deals with bills relating to railway charters, the Hon. T. B. Pardee, Commissioner of Crown Lands, has for many years been chairman ; of the other, that which deals with miscellaneous private bills, the Hon. C. F. Fraser, Commis- sioner of Public Works, was annually elected chairman for several years prior to the session of 1884, since which time the position has been filled continuously by J. Ifl. Gibson, M.P.P. In addition to the guarantee afforded by having as chairman of each com- mittee an able lawyer and experienced parliamentarian, the further precaution is taken of submitting each estate bill tio two Superior Court Judges for their opinion in writing as to the reasonableness of the measure, and the propriety of ns provisions, with suggested alterations or amendments. So carefully during these fourteen years has private bill legislation been managed that this great body of statutory law, dealing with intricate questions of private rights, has m P- B84. (2) This indndes the leKidation of 1884. (3) 37 Viot., chsp. 36. created no grievances and called forth no complaints that will bear a moment's investigation. The only ctmtroversy of any importanou that has ovor grown out of the action of the Mowat Uovernmenu with respect to private bill legislation is that caused by the refusal of the Legislative Assembly to pass special Acts incor- porating the Orange Hocieties of Eastern and Western Ontario. This refusal was in accordance with the policy of the Qovenunent, to make such legislation general and at the same time reduce to the smallest possible amount the cost of a charter of incorporation. This policy found expresnion in the " Benevolent and Provident Societies Act of 1874." ^ In a public speech delivered at Toronto, on the 8th of January, 187!), the Hon. Attorney-General Mowat thus explained the aim and the working of these two Acts : — " Before Oonfederation, Keformen made it • prominent plank in their platform that general laws ahould, aa far aa praotioable, be pawed to provide for the establishment of corporations, instead of special Acts oeing from time to time obtained. We have carried out that souna Reforoi principle, and have passed various Acts for the puruose. The object of these general Acta of Incorporation ii not only to prevent the expense and delay incident to obtaining incor- poration in the old way through the Legislature, but to avoid other difficulties which are inde- pendent of these two evils. In connection with these Acts, we adopted the policy of resisting special Acta wherever the parties calling for a special Act might become incorporated, with the powers needed, under a general Act. We passed a new Act for the incorporation of companies by letters patent ; a new Act for the incorporation of Benevolent and Provident Societies without letters patent , and an Act for establishing Immigrant Aid Societies. By means of these Acts a large number of companies and societies have since been incorporated, and much expense has thereby been saved to the parties and the Province." **************** " We were of opinion that that inllueutial Association, the Orange body, should obtain its incorporation under the apprt)priate general Act, as others have dune since uur Act was passed, instead of insisting on a speuial Act ; and we have tlierefore resisted a special Act in their case as we have resisted special Acts in other cases, leaving the parties to obtain, under the genend law, the advantages for which a special Act is sought. In order to make political capital, the leaders of the Orange body have refused tu take advantage of this course, and have diligently endeavoured to create the false impression that the Orange Societies are sutiuring some grievance at our hands, while the truth is that the object in view could be served as well hy their becom- ing incorporated under the general law as in the way their leaders profess to prefer. There is no special Act incorporating these Societies in Qreat Britain or Ireland ; none that I have heard of in the United States ; and but one instance (so far as I know), and that a recent one, in any other Province or country. " Besides the general laws just referred to, there are others which have had an important effect on the course of private bill legislation, especially in the case of insurance and railway companies. The effect of bringing all insurance companies and railway companies as far as possible under general law.s, instead of embodying all the necessary provisions in their special charters, has been to greatly reduce the volume of private bill legislation even when the number of pfivate Acts remains undiminished. A similar result has been secured by making amendments to the municipal Act general instead of special, though the changes may have been asked by only one municipality. A good example of this kind of legislation is the incorporation of the " local improvement " provisions with the general muni- cipal law. Other applications of the same wise policy are to be seen in the method or granting corporate powers and estentions of territory to municipalities by orders of the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, and in the general Acts authorizing the construction of street railways, free public libraries, and municipal works for sup- plying towns with water, and for heating and lighting them. (1) 37 Yiot, obtp. 34 . B. PUBLI€ BILL LBOISLATIOlf. Public bills aro intended to have " a public and general operation; " they " con- cern the whole community though only in a particular matter." Some of them are introduced into the Legi8lative Assembly by Ministers of the Crown, and for these the Ministry are, of course, directly and collectively responsible; they are indirectly but no less fully responsible for mich public bills, introduced by pnvate members, as they allow to pass into law. As there is only one chamber in the Ontario Legislature it is an absolute necessity, in order to ensure sound legislation, that the Ministry at whose instance, or under whose auspices, all public Statutes are passed, should bo collectively possessed of great legal, business, and parliamentary experience. The character of the public general Acts passed since 1872 is the best evidence that these qualities have tlrougnout its long regime characterized the Mowat administration, and that all public measures have been subjected during their passage through Parliament to the most careful and skilful scrutiny. It will be convenient in this review to separate financial from general legislation, and to consider the latter first. 1. GENERAL LEGISLATION. The legislative changes to be considered under this title ma}' conveniently be grouped under the following heads : a. Parliamentart Institutions. Under the authority of the British Nortli America Act* the Ontario Legis- lature may make any change it pleases in the Constitution of the Province, " except as regards the office of Lieutenant-Governor." This power it has from time to time freely exorcised, and tlie changes made have been steadily in the direction of popular government, but have been at the .same time so well-considered that the current of progress has always been smooth. A political revolution has taken place, but so quietly that only close observers aro in a position to estimate accu- rately the extent of the changes that have been effected. These changes relate (1) to the constitution, powers, and privileges of the Legislative Assembly, and (2) to the representation of the people in Parliament. (1). The LeglslatlTe AMombly. The Assembly being a statutory body, it cannot add to its own power or en- large its own prerogatives, but some useful changes have within the period been maSe in the mode of defining them. In the session of 1871-2, an Act* was passed providing a meaas whereby a member-elect might resign his seat, and a writ might be caused to issue for the election of a new member in the room of one who had either resigned or been un- seated. In the same session an Act^ was passed to " further secure the independ- ence of the Legislative Assembly," by providing that no person holding a com- mission or accepting employment under the Government should be eligible for membership whether his services were paid for out of the public funds or not, and limiting the members of the Executive Council to six. In the same session an Act* was |)assed prohibiting members of the Dominion Parliament from sitting and voting as members of the Legislative Assembly. And, still in the same ses- sion, an Act ' was passed enabling committees of the Assembly to take evidence under oath. In the session of 1875-6 an Act * was passed providing for compulsory attend- ance of witnesses and production of papers at parliamentary investigations; securing members of Assembly against prosecution on account of anything said or done Dy them in that capacity ; prohibiting the acceptance, directly or indirect- (1) Sm S«3tfen 92 qootad in full above (p. 'i). (3) SS Viot <4) » '^ok,, Chap. 4. (6) 36 Vict., Cbap. 5. (6) 39 Vict., ' (3) S5 Viot, Ctev^ & ly, by members, of fees for parliamentary nervices rendered to private parties ; and oonatituting the Assembly a " Court of Record," with power to punish summarily breachea of privilege, such as attempts to bribe members, tampering with wit- neases, intimidation of members, and disobedience to warrants issued at the direo- tioD of the Assembly. In the session of 1885, an Act' was passed appropriating to the " pubKo use of the Province " the sum of $1,000 paid to one member, and $800 paid to another. " for the purpose and under the hope of thereby influencing their votes as mem> hers." • The same Statute bai-s all actions and proceedinjjs against the Hon, Charles Clarke, Speaker of the Assembly, for the recovery of the money, which, for the pui^jose of exposing the bribery plot, had been placed in his hands by the members referred to. (a). Representation of the People. The conditions under which the people are represented in the Legislative Assembly have been greatly changed since the advent of the Liberal party to power at the close of tlie year 1871, and the direction and degree of change can De most clearly exhibited by describing it under the following heads : — (o) Qualifl- oation of Electors ; (6) Registration of Electors ; (o) Manner of conducting Elections ; (<£) Settlement of disputed Elections ; and (e) Redistribution of Seats. (a) QaaliJiccUian of Electors. Prior to the Qeneral Election of 1871, which brought the Liberal party into power, the right tu vote at Parliamentary Elections was conflned to owners, tenants or occupants of real property to the value of $400 in cities, $300 in towns, and $200 in townships and incorporated villages. The franchise was a purely property franchise. In the year 1874 an Act' was passed extending the right of voting to persons earning an income of not less than $400. In the same year it was enacted* that enfranchised Indians should be entitled to vote on the same conditions as other electors, and in the following year it was further enacted ' that " all Indians or personn with part Indian blood," who had been enfiunchised and had ceased to reside amongst Indians, should be entitled to vote even though they shared in the tribal income. In 1877 the franchise was extended' to farmers' sons, not themselves owners of property and not in receipt of income, but resident on a father's farm. The two new principles thus accepted — namely, income franchise and farmer's son franchise — received fuller recognition in the " Franchise and Representation Act, 1885," ^ while the property qualification was materially lowered. Under thai Act the right to vote at Parliamentary Elections is granted to : 1. Owners, tenants, or occupants of real estate, to the value of $200 in cities and tewas, and of $100 in townships and incorporated villages ; 3. Persons in receipt nf (260 a year by way of income ; i. Persons earning f 250 a year as wages (board and lodging being inolnded as part ni th* amount in rural municipalities) ; 4. Persons entered on the assessment roll as " householders " ; 6. Sons of " landholders" resident with their fathers, and assessed as such j C. Enfranchised Indians, or persons with part Indian blood, who do not reside among In- dians, even though sharing in the tribal income, and who are otherwise qualified. A glance at these franchises will suffice to show that for all practical purposes " manhood sufTrage," as that term is properly understood, prevails now in Ontario, accompanied by the guarantees heretoiore afforded by a system of registration based on the municipal assessment rolls. Q) 48 Vict, Chap. 6. ~" Ja) The metnbera referred to were R. McKim, member for West We'lingtoo, and W. D. BaUoni^ mMiibsr South Essex. The facta connected with thia breach of the privilege* of the AsMmUy ars glvsn la ior {fonth Essex A]ipMidiz A O) 37 Vict, Chap. 3. (7) « Vict., Chap. 2. (4) 38 Vict, Chap. 8. (6) 39 Vict, Chap. 10. (6) 40 Viot, Cka^ % (6) RfijUtiiUion of EUctor». Prior to the General Election of 1871 the Bystam of regiittering voters wm rery defeetive. The cleric of each municipility wm bound by an Act passed in 1868* to i)repare each year a list of personx entitled to vote, as shown by the asseasmeni roll, but the checkH upon the perpetration of irauds by either the assessors or the clerks were very inade(iuate. In 1874, an Act* was passed which required the clerk to print 800 copf'^e of hia Ibt ; to post one of these in his office ; to send two copies to every member of the municipal uounc-il except the reeve, to each public school teacher in the municipality, to eaoli postmaster, to the tmasurer, to the sheriff of the county, to the clerk of the peace, and to each County Judge in the electoral division; and to send ten copies to the Reeve of his municipality, to the member of the '^ouse of Commons tor his electoral division, to the member of the Legislative Assembly, and to each unsuccessful candidate at the then last election for either House. All public persons receiving lists were required to |)ost them in Ronnpicu- ous places, and the Clerk was reouired to advertise the posting of his ov^i Mai. Thirty days were allowed for application to the County Judge to correct at i . .-a, and ample opportunity to support thene with tentiniony. In !87U an Act* was passed amending and consolidating the law r'^'^pecting ▼otors' listH, and repealing all previous enactments prescribing the meth. \ of regis- tering voters. In 1878 an Act* was pas ei iiaking the voters' list, as revised by the Cour ^.r Judge, " tinal and concluaive evidence" of the right to voto except in ceitaias))!^- fied cases, the object b^, \g to lessen the cost of conductijg a scrutiny of the votes polled in a contested election. In i:s7!<* an Act was passed giving the County Judge additional powers in the revif'e been made, without any change of name, in the two ridings of Brant, the district of Brockville, the district of Cardwell, the county of Dufferin, the county of Peel, the district of Kingston, the county of Frontenac, the county of Addington, the two ridings of Elgin, the East and West ridings of York, the two ridings of Essex, the two ridings of Ontario, the East and West ridings of Huron, the district of London, and the two ridings of Perth. The ridings of Cornwall and Leeds and Grenville, which were abolished were the two smallest in population of those in the older parts of Ontario, the former having a population of but 9,904, and the lat- ter of but 12,929. The aim of these various changes, as of those made by the Act of 1874, is to adjust the representation more accurately and equitably to the population, in so far as this can be done without disturbing county municipal boundaries. Some •f the changes made have for their object a fuller recognition of those boundaries in localities where municipal readjustments had already taken place, as, for instance, the transfer of the township of East Luther from Centre Wellington to Dufferin. Collectively they improve greatly the electoral map of the Province, and remove a number of anomalies caused by movements that have during the <1) 48 Viot, Chap. 2. II past thirty years, taken place in its population. The time for making these changes was opportune, as the extension of tho franchise, above described,^ makes it impossible for any one to say whether the Liberal party or the Conservativa party ./ill derive most benefit from them. In the re-adjustment of 1H74, the single-member-district system was adhered to throughout In the re-adjustment of 1885, a principle new to this country has been introduced. Toronto and Parkdale are together allowed three members, but each elector is by the Act limited to two votes. In the words of the Act (section 10, sub-section 4): " At a contested election for the electoral district of said city, no person shall vote for more than two candidates." This method of choosing Parliamentary representatives by means of what are called " three-cornered constituencies," was in use in England from 1867 to 1885. It was introduced by the Disraeli Reform Act, the author of the clause embodying it in that measure, being the late Lord Chan- cellor Cairns. It was abolished by the Franchise and Redistribution Act of 1885, but by no means unanimously, a large number of the more independent members of the House of Commons, without reference to party lines, being strongly in favour of retaining this feature of the electoral system, and even ex- tending its application. So strong was this feeling that Mr. Leonard Courtney, a member of the Gladstone Governmenc which had charge of the measure, resigned his seat in the Ministry rather than give up what he regarded as an important and useful electoral principle. By way of experiment, the single-member-district Slan has been made practically universal in Great Britain and Ireland, the large istricts, with more than one member each, being for the most part abolished, as well as those known as "three-cornered," on account of the limitation placed on the elector with respect to the number of votes he can cast. That the single- member plan is open to objections, is admitted by all, and the sweeping change in Great Britain is universally regarded as an experiment which may have to be abandoned. At a time when the advocates oi " minority representation " are earnestly pressing their views in every country provided with representa- tive institutions, there is much to be said in favour of trying the experiment on a limited scale in Ontario, and the opportunity for doing this is afforded by the new "three-cornered constituency of Toronto. It can, it is thought, lie successfully worked only in large cities. There would doubtless be found much practical inconvenience in applying it to rural electoral divisions. Increases In Population. The population of the Province had, between the census of 1871 and that of 1881, increased from 1,G20,834 to 1,9:^3,228, a net increase of 302,394. The increase in the population of the counties im. lediately affected by the Redistribution Bill between 1871 and 1881, was 175,799, or more than half o' the entire increase throughout the Province. Some of the increases were as follows : Bruce 16,804 Simooe 18,437 J Huron more than 16,000 Perth do 16,00« Essex do 14,000 York and Toronto more than 87,000 Algoma more than 15,000 Grey more than 13,00# and others in proportion. 1 (Dp. 8^ 12 The following table shows the population of the Electoral Divisions as they existed before the Act of 1884, and as they were left by that Act. It will be Been that the change was in every case in the direction of equalization. Old Electoral DItIsIods and Popnlation. Algoma,* 1871. 5,007 Bvice. South Bruce 39,803 North Bruce 26,536 Cornwall. Cornwall 9,904 Stormont 13,294 Leeds, Orenville atid Brockville. South Leeds 18,325 Leeds and Orenville 12,929 Orenrille 13,526 Brockville 16,395 Simcoe, Cardviell aiui Peel, West Simcoe 26,120 East Simcoe 24,118 South Simcoe 17,355 OardweU 17,993 Peel 16,387 Brant. South Brant. North Brant. 21,975 11,894 Dufferin, Dufferin 20,536 Addington, FroiUenac and Addington Frontenac. Kingston Kingston. 23,470 14,993 14,091 Wellington. West Wellington. Centre do. South do. 24,978 19,640 20,279 Orey. East Grey.. North Grey. South Grey. 23,781 25,631 21,127 Elgin. East Elgin. West Elgin. 27,473 14,888 York. East York. West York 23,312 18,884 Hew Electoral Divisions and Popnlation. Algoma. 1881 20,320 Divided Into 2 Divisions, AlironuWeit and Algom* EMt. Bruce. South Bruce 23,394 North Bruce 20,196 Centre Bruce 21,628 Cornwall. Stormont (including Cornwall) 23,198 Leeds, Orenville and Brockville. Leeds 20,759 Grenville 22,741 Brockville 17,724 Simcoe, Cardwell and Peel. West Simcoe , 20,134 East Simcoe 20,382 Centre Simcoe 17,406 Cardwell 22,357 Peel 21,697 Brant. South Brant . North Brant. 19,084 14,786 Dufferin. Dufferin 22,086 Addington, Frontenac and Addington Frontenac Kingston Kingston. 16,606 16.385 19,564 Wellington. West Wellington. Centre do South do 18,892 22,218 22,237 Orey. East Grey... North Grey. South Orey. . 24,522 21,488 24,529 Elgin. East Elgin.., West Elgin.. 19,848 22,580 Tork, East York . West York. 16|99G 16,763 *A oen«u9 wm taken of Port Arthur on Ita beoominy a town In 1884, under the authoritr of the OooBeU. Th* population waa returned at about 9,000, an increaae of i,7l6 over 1881. 13 23,394 20,196 21,628 Bsstx. North Euex 26,659 South Eswx 21,303 Ontario. North Ontario 28,434 South Ontario 20,378 Victoria. South Victoria 20,813 North Victoria 13,799 Lotuion and MiddUaex, London City 19,746 Middlesex East 30,600 Perth. North Perth 32,916 Sou h Perth 20,778 B$sex. North Essex 23,667 South Essex 23,807 Ontario. North Ontario 20,917 South Ontario 27,896 Victoria. South Victoria 18,289 North Victoria 16,328 London attd MUldlesex. London City 23,681 Middlesex East. 26,710 Perth. North Perth 29,660 South Perth 24,133 The Dominion and Ontario Redistribution Bills Compared. The Dominion Oovemment, in framing their notorious Qerrymander Bill of 1882, practically abolished, wherever it was thought in their interest to do so, county municipalities. They over-rode and broke down county boundaries ; threw sections of two, three or four counties, having no interests in common, together for electoral purposes ; and so cut and carved up the political map of Canada as to make it a spectacle to be wondered at, and not recognizable, three ends only being kept particularly in view : The one that of legislating their principal opponenta out 01 Parliament ; the second that of concentrating the Reform majorities of iiflferent adjoining counties into one riding with an overwhelming Reform majority, thus wasting hundreds of Reform votes ; and the third that of making all other ridings — that is, the large majority — by the elimination of Reform townships, Tory, with well-assured majorities. The Ontario Government, in framing their measure of 1884, on the other hand, kept five points in view : — First, to increase the aggregate membership as little as possible ; second, in no case to break down county boundaries ; third, not to divide townships or otber municipalities ; fourth, always to move in the direction of equalizing the population where changes were made ; fifth, not to aim at de- stroying the seats held by leading members of the Opposition. Upon this latter point but two members were placed in a minority — Mr. Ermatinger, the member for East Elgin, by the change of St. Thomas from the East to the West Riding, and CoL Grey, of West York, who was placed in a minority of but three votes, while in every case the change proceedea in the direction of equalization or ap- proximating toward the unit of representation, or average population of the constituencies, namely : 21,366. The case of North and South Ontario has been criticized by Opposition speakers, as reported in the following language : — " North Ontario had a population of 28,000 odd, and South Ontario of 20.000 " odd. It wati necessary that they should equalize the population to ensure a Grit " being returned for North Ontario, so ihey gave Norto Ontario a population of "20,000, and South OnUrio 28,000," The figures given are not oorreet. The population will be found in the fore- going table as to boi^ the old and new oooEtituenoies of Oatario county. It will be 0Mer-3d'tAiat the rttle of pvooeeding towards oqualization has not been violated in ^AiAn UM, but it is important to bear in nuad AnotW consideration, viz. : th»t Th» u 14 in addition to the question of population, territorial extent may fairly be eon- ndered. South Ontario, as formerly constituted, did not extend from south to north more than from twelve to fifteen miles, while North Ontario extended nearly 60 miles, the latter having also the much larger population. South On- tario, too, was the seat of two considerable towns, one of them being a manufac- turing town, the other the county town. Kemarks have also been made concerning Essex. An examination of the above table will show that the rule of proceeding towards equalization was not violated in the case of the County of Essex. The Dominion Gerrymander Act of 1S89. Equalization of the population of the constituencies was Sir John's alleged reason for turning the constituenciys topsy-turvey, for breaking down the well- defined county boundaries, and for carving up the constituencies in such a manner that no human being has since been able to learn or carry in his L.ind the muni- cipalities comprising the new constituencies. He was desirous only, as he claimed, of equalizing the constitv^nciea. Here is what he said during the debate upon the Bill:— " I declare that this Bill is an equalization, in a very large degree, of the *' population." — Hansard, page 1*209. " We, sir, stand on the great principle of representation by popvdaiion en the " floor of this Bouse." — Hansard, page 1209. " I stand on the principle that this measure is a fair one ; that it is a Bill " which equalizes the population." — Hansard, page 1209. Take a few examples of how the constituencies were equalized : — The unit of representation in the whole province for Dominion purposes wa« 20,905. Out of 92 constituencies there are 31 under the average of 20,905 : 26 under. 19,000 22 under 18,000 14 under. 17,000 9 under. 16,000 5 under 15,000 3 under. 14,000 1 of 12,423 There are also : 11 over 21,000 9 over 22.000 6 over 23,000 4 over 24,000 7 over 25,000 ' 6 over 26,000 2 over 27,000 1 over 28,000 I South Oxford. South Oxford, before the Qerrymander, had a population of 24,732 ; after, 24,778 ; or an increase of but 46. This represents, upon the estimate of one vote for every seven persons, an increase of but seven votes in the South Riding. It wai, besides, left with a |)opulation 3,873 greater than the average or unit of re- £re(MntatIoks of each district inspector, and to conduct on oath inquiries into the conduct of tl" 3 Jiispectors. Frequenting of bar-rooms during prohibited hours is strictly forbidden, and it is made an offence for " keepers " of bar-rooms to permit iU The various enactments above sketched, taken together, make a license law of unprecedented stringency and efficiency. If under its operation the liquor traffic is not as much restricted as in the estimation of a portion of the commun- ity it should be, the cause will be found in the state of public opinion, and the remedy in educating it so as to secure more thorough gjing municipal action. Whatever advantage a " high license law " may confer can be enjoyed under the Crooks Act, which at the same time enables any locality to virtually suppress the traffic altogether by diminishing the number of drinking places, and by imposing onerous conditions on those that remain. g. The Public Health. Apart altogether from Acts of Parliament designed to protect the public by confining the practice of surgery, medicine, dentistry and pharmacy to persons who have received a professional training, important laws have during the past few years bjen placed on the statute book of this Province, for the purpose of protecting more effectually the public health, especially against the ravages of infectious diseases. The first of these was passed by the Ontario Legislature in 1873.* It provides for the compulsory cleansing of private premises, for the creation of local Boards of Health by municipal authorities, for the creation of a " Central Board of Health," by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, during the prevalence of any formidable epidemic, endemic or contagious disease;" for the proclaiming of infected districts ; and generally for taking such steps as may seem to the Boards of Health necessary to prevent the spread cf the disease or mitigate its severity. Experence of the working of tnis Act having shown that it did not furnish the requisite security, another statute' was passed in 1882, creating a permanent Board of Health for the Province, and clothing it with various important powers, to be exercised at all timea One of the duties of this body is to educate the public on sanitary matters by the distribution of sani^^ry literature. Another is to ccnduct, under oath if necessary, investigations of th<) causes of prevalent oontagiou? diseases or of excessive mortality in specified localities, A tnird is to keep at all times an adequate supply of vaccine matter for the purpose of sup- plying it as cheaply as possible to medical practitioners. And a fourth is to keep ap communication with local Boards of Health on sanitary matters, and eode*- vour to secuce the organization of such a Board in each municipality. The Aot (1) 38 VIot, Oh»i». 38. (3) 4S Viot, ClMf^ ML 2S of 1882 also provides for taking stringent measures for the suppression of small- pox and other infectious diseases, by means of isolation, forcible, if necessary, but as complete as possible. The Statutes relating to the public health were consolidated amended by the Public Health Act of 1884,'' which gives increased powers of various kinds to the Provincial Board of Health, and also to Local Boards, especially with a view to preventing the spread of infectious diseases, suppressing nuisances and guarding against injurious defects in -_,3tems of water supply and sewerage. In 1885, an Acf was passed embodying still more stringent provisions, and another in 1886, " to which the same remark applies. The efficiency of the system thus provided was severely tested by the recent outbreak in the County of Hastings of small-pox of a peculiarly malignant type, and under conditions peculiarly favourable to the spread of the disease. By means of the powers conferred on the Provincial Board of Health, the district was at once completely isolated, and in a comparatively short time the disease was completely extirpated. A still more satisfactory proof of its usefulness was furnished by the manner in which the Board dealt with the more recent outbreak of small- pox in Montreal In spite of the extx^nsive passenger traffic between that city and all part8 of Ontario, the disease was prevented from coming into this Province, the precautions taken by the Board having undoubtedly been the means of prevent- ing a pubiio calamity of the most terrible kind. The annual reports of the Board, and its other publications, have dune much to disseminate useful sanitary infor- mation, and it has been instrumental by means of investigations in removing many local sources of malarial ard other diseases. h. Laws relating to Labour. . I During the periv^d which has elapsed since 1871, several principles, which have an important bearing on the position of the labouring classes, have been embodied in the statute law of the Province. It will be convenient to consider these separately. (1.) Mecbanics' Lion. n i . • The Mechanics' Lien Act* of 1873 was passed at the instance of the late Hon. Adam Crooks, and was intended to protect mechanics, machinists, builders, miners, and contractors from loss on account of labour or material furnished in the erection of buildings or the construction of machinery. The Act not merely recognizes the new form of liability, but provides the means for establishing and enforcing claims arising under it. The original Statute has been several times amended, with a view to make it more simple and perfect in its working, two of the most important amendments being contained in the following section of the Act* of 1882 : "The lien given by the preceding Section (i.e., one for thirty days' wage*, without prejudice to any other lien the labourer may have under the Lien Act), shall operate, notwithstanding any agreement between the owner and contractor for excluding a lien, and notwithstanding that the labour is in respect of a building, erection, or mine which belongs to the wif« of the person at whose instance the work is done." The next section of the Act provides that the lien for wages shall, to a cer- tain amount, have priority over all other liens, and over any claim by the owner against the contractor on account of failure to complete his contract. In 1886* the Legislature amended the Land Titles Act of 1885, for the purpose of protect- in;^ persons euutled to liens against land brought under the Torrens system of registration I 8( 47 Vict, Ohap. 9H. 86 Vict., Chap. 27. li ;2) 48 Viot., Chap. 46. 5) 45 Vict, Oiiap. 13, Seo. (3| 4»Yiot, Chap. 42. 40 Viot, Chap. 16, Sec. 46. S4 (a.) Employers' Liability. For some years past in England an Act of Parliament has been in force, which makes employers liable, under certain circumstances, for injuries to their employees. That Act was, at the instance of the House of Lords, limited in its operation to five years, but it has given such general satisfaction that it will, undoubtedly, at next session of Parliament, be made permanent, and will probably at the same time be given a wider application. In the session of 1886, an Act* was passed by the Ontario Legislature to secure compensation to workmen in certain cases for personal injuries caused (1) by defective machinery or works, (2) by negligence of fellow employees entrusted with the duty of superintendence, (3) by conform- ing to the orders of fellow employees placed in authority, (4) by the operation of the employer's regulations, or (5) by the negligence of railway signal-men. The different kinds of defects that make a railway company liable are specified, and the maximum amount of compensation is fixed at three years' earnings. Contract- ing out of the liability is not allowed, except when there is some other considera- tion than being taken into employment, which consideration must be, in the opinion of the Court trying an action, " ample and adequate," and, on the side of the work- man, not " improvident," but " just and reasonable." The Act provides a simple method of enforcing claims arising under it, and exempts from its operation for only one year those employers who have established provident or insurance socie- ties for their men, at least as effective for their protection as that established by the Qrand Trunk Railway Company of Canada. (3.) The Factories Act. " An Act for the Protection of Persons employed in Factories"" was passed in 1884. It contained a proviso that it should not come into force until proclama- tion should be made by the Lieutenant-Governor, the object being to secure, either by concurrent Dominion legislation, or by a decision of the Supreme Court, that the validity of the law would not be disputed. All efforts to induce the Dominion Government to aid in removing the uncertainty having failed, the necessary pro- clamation was issued in October, 1886, and the " Ontario Factories Act, 1884," became law. It provides, amongst other things, (1) that the employment in a fac- tory of a child, a young girl, or a woman, in such a way that the health is likely to be permanently injured, shall be an offence punishable by imprisonment or fine ; (2) that no boy under twelve, and no girl under fourteen, shall be employed in any factory, and that children under fourteen and women shall not be employed more than ten hours a day, or sixty hours a week ; (3) that women and children shall not be allowed to clean machinery while it is in motion ; (4) that working extra hours in a time of emergency shall be done only with the consent of the Inspector under the Act ; (5) that factories shall be kept in proper sanitary con- dition ; (6) that machinery, and other sources of danger to employees shall be properly guarded ; (7) that each factory shall be supplied with the means of ex- tinguishing fires, and also with fire-escapes if the building is a high one ; and (8) that the Inspector shall be notified promptly when loss of life results to employees throuffh fire or accident. The Act clothes the Inspector with the powers necessary to enfuble him to discharge his duties efficiently, and provides a simple means of enforcing its provisions. Appended to it is a schedule containing a list of the different kinds of factories that come under its operation, and it is provided that the Lieutenant-Governor in Council may add to, or take away from, that list by proclamation in the Ontario Gazette. 'The putting of this admirable measure into operation places the factory labourers of Ontario in as good a position in the matter of protection as is enjoyed by the labourers in any country in the worl(^ (1) 49 Viot., Chftp. 28. (2) 47 Viot., Cnii«. 3Sl 25 (4.) The Railway Accldentt Act. In 1880 the Legislative Assembly appointed a special committee to enquire into the causes of the loss of life from accidents on railways. Much valuable evi- dence was taken, and many of the most useful suggestions offered were in the following year embodied in an Acf^ " To make Provision for the Safety of Rail- way Employees and the Public." The preamble to that Act is as follows : — " Whereas frequent accidents to railway servants and others are occasioned by the neglect of Railway Companies to provide a fair and reasonable measure of protection against their occur- rence ; and whereas a proper construction of railway bridges, and certain precautions in the eonstruction and maintenance of railway frogs, wing-rails, guard-rails, and freight oars would greatly lessen, if not entirely prevent, the happening of such accidents." The Act goes on to specify the improvements which railway companies are required to make in their bridges, tracks and freight cars, and in the event of accidents to their employees caused by failure to do so, the latter are placed in as good a position, with respect to the right of compensation, as if they had not been in the company's employ. In other words, the great principle embodied in the Act securing comp^sation for injuries is anticipated by this provision of the Railway Accidents Act, just as the principle that railway companies and factory proprietors should be compelled to make proper provision for the safety of the public was anticipated by the Act* of 187i, which requires the owners of ma- chines to properly guard those parts likely to cause injury to persons coming in contact v/ith them. (5.) Work and Wages. In 1873 two Acts were passed, one' intended to facilitate agreements between masters and workmen for participation in profits ; the other* intended to facilitate the adjustment of disputes between masters and workmen. With reference to these two measures, and the Mechanics' Lier. Act passed in the same session, the Hon. Attorney-General Mowat made the following remarks in a speech delivered in Toronto on the 8th of January, 1879 : " We have passed laws securing to mechanics, labourers, and others, a lien foi their pay on the property on which their labour is expended or their materials used, so far as this seemed practicable without prejudice to persons not concerned in the transaction. We have passed laws in the interest of masters and workmen, for facilitating agreemeuts between them for sharing the profits of the business in which they may be engaged. The object of that law is of great importance to the working classes. It is by such means that their status is to be raised. Those who have given attention to this subject seem to be unaware of any method by which so large an amount of good can be looked for to the great mass of our working population as some method which may enable them spmehow to share the profits of the business in which they are employed. In framing these laws we had the advantage of what had been done elsewhere, and wo have placed on the Statute book the best laws that the example or experience of other places enabled us to devise. We have also passed a law to facilitate, by means of a machinery found useful elsewhere, the amicable settlement of disputes between employers and employed. In 1880 an Act' was passed for the relief of Co-operative Associations, ex- perience having shown that a relaxation of the former law was necessary in two respects. This Statute increases the maximum value of the shares any one mem- ber may hold from ^400 to $1,000, and authorizes associations to incur a debt, secured by mortgage, for the purchase of business premises. In 1885 an Act was passed, which is of great importance as affording valu- able protection to workmen in respect of wages. It provides that when a debtor (1) 44 Vict., Chap. 22. (4) 36 Vict., Chap. 26. (2) 37 Viot., Chap. 13. (6) 43 Viot., Chap. 22. s ,3) 36 Viot, Chap. 'M. 'li) 48 Viot, Chap. W. 26 makes an assignment of real or personal property for the general benefit of his creditors, an exception shall be maJe in favour of persons in his employment at, or immediately before, the time of the assignment, who shall be paid in full up to three months' wages or salary, and be entitled to take rank as general creditors for the remainder of the amount due them. A similar provision is made to a-pply to the distribution of the assets of a company in process of liquidation under " The Joint Stock Companies' Winding-Up Act," and to the settlement of claims under "The Creditors' Relief Act, 1880." The measure applies to all wage earners, whether by the day, the week, the piece, or otherwise. With a view to the protection of the Canadian labourer from the opprossive competition of certain classes of foreigners, whom it is the custom to bring mto the country under agreements which virtually prevent them from being free a^'ents in the disposal of their services, the Legislature, in the session of lfi86, enacted* as follows : — " Any agreement or bargain, verbal or written, expressed or implied, which may hereafter be made between any person, and any other person not a resident of Canada, for the perform- ance of labour or service, or having reference to the performance of labour or service by auoh other person in the Province of Ontario, and made as aforesaid, previous to the migration or coming into Canada of such other person whose labour or service is contracted for, ahall be void and of no effect as against the person only so migrating or coming." This enactment leaves the imported foreign labourer, who comes into Ontario on the strength of a previous agreement, free to break his agreement after his ar- rival here if he sees tit to do so, whilb if he chooses to observe the agreement on his part, he can hold his employer to it also. The object of this legislation ia to discourage the practice of advancing money to foreign labourers to pay their pas- age into this Province, by making it impossible for the employer to recover the sum advanced if the employee sees fit to break his engagement. No more ^iee- tive means couki be devised. The only other Statute that calls for notice in this connection is one passed in 1874,* which enacts that the wages or salary due to a labourer, mechanic^ or servant, shall not be liable to seizure, or attachment, or garnishment for debt, un- less the sum due to him exceeds $25, and then only for the amount of such excess. The object in view is to prevent ths wage-earner from being left entirely penni- less, a reasonable relief in view of all that the law has done for other classes of debtow. (0.) Electoral PriTlleges. "The Franchise and Representation Act of 1885 " confers the right of voting on practically all wage-earners who are residents for a sufficient time in one dis- iaict, for the amount of wages which entitles a man to be placed on the voters' list is only $250, and part of that may be in the form of board and lodging. To many persons of this class, however, in cities and towns, where during the whole of the hours of polling they are employed at a distance fiom their voting places, polling their votes is a matter of loss and difficulty. With a view to removing this obstacle, the Legislature in the session of 1886' enacted that " any voter en- titled to vote within a city or town, shall, on the day of polling, for the purpose of voting, be entitled to absent himself from any service, or employment " for the two hours between twelve and two in the middle of the day, without making himself " liable to any penalty, or to suffer or incur any reduction " of wages. (1) 49 Vict Chap. 23. (3) 37 Vict., Chap. 13. (3) 49 Vict, Chap. 3. S7 prorided that, if his employer requires hitn to do so, he shall afterwards make up .for his absence by an hour of extra work. It is unnecessary to dwell here on the fact that in many important respeotB the tendency of general legislation has for years past been strongly in favour of the working classes. Public school education has been made perfectly free, and under the present system of maintaining High Schools most of them are practiciilly free also. Through the liberality of the Canadian Parliament in past times education of a very high class can be obtained at the Provincial University at a cost which places it within the reach of even a workingman's son or daughter, and it is to the interest of the working classes that while the quality of the education is improved, its cost to the recipient should not be increased. And, to mention only one other illustration, the Act for the establishment of free public libraries by a municipal rate is calculated to bring the best books of this and other times within the reach of every respectable person, however poor he may be. i. Statistics. The collection of facts relating to the social condition of the people, la now generally recognized as one of the most important functions of Government. Sta- tistics have long been looked upon as indispensable ^■o the historian ; more recently they have come to be regarded as no less indispensable to the statesman. The statistics with which Governments concern themselves are mainly of two kinds, vital and industrial, and in relation to thb Province, it will be convenient to deal with the two kinds separately. (1). Tttal Statlitloi. There existed in the old Province of Canada for some years, prior to Confe- deration,a "Board of Registration and Statistics," to which Municipal Clerks, Clergy- men, Coroners, and others were required to report facts of various kinds about population ; but the system was a very rudimentary one, and, except in one res- ]pect, it accomplished nothing of any importance. That exception was the decen- nial census, which is of course indispensable, though uhe enumeration is far from being as accurate as it should be. The Ontario Legislature in 1876 undertook to put an end to this discreditable state of affairs, in so far as this Province was concerned, by the passage of " An Act ^ to Provide for the Registration of Births, Marriages and Deaths." The Pro- vincial Secretary was by this .statute made Registrar- General, Clerks of Municipa- lities were made Division Registrars, and it was made stringently obligatory on clergymen, physicians, and parents to assist in the work of registration, by supply- ing the Division Registrars with the facts to be placed on record. Year by year, as the law has become more familiar to the people, its operation has become more successful, and the annual reports of the Registrar-Goneral have become more valuable as repertoires of information relating to the social condition of the people. The registration system of Ontario, is now one of the most perfect in the world. (a). Industrial Statistic!. " Immediately after Confederation, in the first session of the Ontario Legia- latare, an Act ' was passed, which, amongst other things, created a " Bureau of ' Agriculture and Arts," whose functions were to be the collection and publication of facts and statistics relating to the agricultural, mechanical, M 39 Vict, Chap. 2. n n Viot, Ch»p. 29. 28 and manufacturing arts of the Province. The organization of this bureau was, under this Statute, very imperroet, and its functions were voiy ineffectively . discharged. In 1879 the Mowat Government, impressed with the desirability of ascer- taining as accurately as possible the condition and requirements of the great agricultural industry, appointed a commission of practical men, of all shades of political feeling, who for several months conducted their inquiries in all sections of the Province. The information thus collected was embodied in a voluminous report, which is still the most valuable work dealing with agriculture in any part of Canada. The impulse thus given to agriculture led to the complete reorganization of the " Bureau of Ariculture and Arts," which was effected by an Act^ passed in the session of 1882. The sphere of the bureau having been extended so as to include, practically as well as theoretically, other occupations besides that of the farmer, its name was changed to the " Bureau of Industries." The duties of the Com- missioner of Agriculture in connection with it were re-defined. The Secretary was required to collect, through certain specified channels, " facts and information relating to the agricultural and other industries of the Province," to tabulate the information thus obtained, and publish it *' monthly or oftener during the growing season," to prepare a yearly report, and also to compile, from the departmental records of the Province, " a tabular abstract of facts relating to land, trade, gov- vernment, population, and other subjects." The local collectors of statistics specified in the Act are " officers of all societies, institutes, and associations organ- ized under the Agriculture and Arts Act, and of all municipal Councils, school boards, anc puKlic institutions of the Province, and all public ofiicers of the Pro- vince," aP of whom are required to furnish such information as may be asked of them. j. Agriculture A.ND Arts. The various statutes relating to the Department of Agriculture and Arts were consolidated in 1877,^ and again in 1886.^ By these consolidations and the accompanying amendments a great improvement has been made in the working of th Department, and its relations to the various bodies incorporated in connec- tion with it — the Agriculture and Arts Association, the Veterinary College, the Agricultural and Horticultural Societies, the Fruit-Growers' Association, the Entomological Society, the Dairymens' Associations, the Poultry Association, the Bee Keepers' Association, and the Ontario Creameries Association. The Ontario Society of Artists and the Mechanics' Institutes, were, by an Act* passed in 188(3, so far as they ai'e under Government supervision at all, trans- ferred from the Department of Agriculture and Arts to the Education Depart- ment. Besides the Acts passed for the purpose of making the machinery of the de- partment, as a whole, more workable and more efticient, special statutes have been passed for the purpi,3e of aiding, in various ways, the agricultural and horti- cultural indusf '■ivi.- r !" the Province. Of these the following are worthy of notice : — '. ct" was passed authorizing township municipalities, on cer- 'XV money from the Provincial Government, and loan it to . >.i rri enabling them to tile drain their land. The very low • ud under the Act, but the precautions adopted make the , both Province and municipality, and, at the same time, reduce to a minimum the encroachment on the field of operation of private money lenders. tain cor ' " i farmers . . • rate oi fi .•: [" .' transaction ~n.!^. (1) 45 Vict., Ohap. 6. (2) 40 Viofc, Chap. 17. (3) 49 Vict, Chap. 11. (4) 49 Vict, Chap. 35. (6) 41 Vict, Chap. 9. (2). The expediency of encouraging the planting of shade trees has long been maintained by authorities on agriculture and climatology, and the Provincial Par- liament, even before Confederation, attempted to give effect to this view by legis- lation. More recently the Ontario Legislature renewed the attempt, but in neither case was the effort crowned with much success, partly because tlie provisions of the Statutes themselves were defective, and partly because no effective steps had been taken to educate public opinion on the subject. This was done to some ex- tent by the Report of the Agricultural Commission of 1879, and for several years past the forestry propaganda has been ably kept up by the published reports of Mr. R. W. Phipps, who has been at work upon it under a commission from the Government. In 1883 a new "Tree Planting Act"^ was passed, which, besides providing for the protection of planted trees, authorized the payment to the planter of twenty-five cent/S for each tree, half to be paid by the Municipality and half by the Province. In connection with the " Arbour Day " operations carried on under the auspices of the Education Department, this law has already been the means of greatly stimulating the work of tree-planting, and there is reason to be- lieve that a few years will witness marked progress in the reforresting of the country, with corresponding improvement in its climate. (3). The precedent set by the old Provincial Parliament in passing an Act to prevent the spread of Canada thistles was followed by the Ontario Legislature, when it passed in 1879 an Act ^ to protect plum and cherry trees, and in 1881 an Act' to protect peach and nectarine trees against infectious diseases. These Statutes were consolidated in 1884 into an " Act* to Prevent the Spread of Noxious Weeds, and of Disetises affecting Fruit Trees," one of the most comprehensive and effective laws of the kind to be found in the statute book of any State. k. The Agricultural College. The project of an Agricultural College and Experimental Farm was laid before the public piior to 1872, and land for the use of the institution had been purchased at Mimico, near Toronto. Deeming this unsuitable for the purpose the Mowat Government purchased the Stone farm, near Gueljih, and the College was opened for students in 1874. For the next six years it was regarded by the public as on trial, but eventually public opinion settled down so clearly in its favour that the Legislature formally chartered it in 1880 by Act® of Parliament. The objects of the institution are by that Statute defined to be (1) to give a theoretical and prac- tical education in agriculture, horticulture, arboriculture, applied science, stock- raising, and the construction of farm buildings, and other appliances ; (2) to furnish a fair English education ; and (3) to conduct experiments with a view to furnishing farmers with trustworthy information as to the different varieties of trees, shrubs, cereals, grasses, fruits, roots, modes of cultivation, manures, bi'eods of animals, etc. The Statute provides for the annual publication of reports contain- ing accounts of the operations of the College and Farm, and provides for its regular organization under the control of the Commissioner of Agriculture. A further im- provement was made in 1886 by an Act* which provides for the appointment of an " Advisory Board of practical agriculturists to fidvise and assist the Commis- sioner of Agriculture in tho management of the College and Farm." These various enactments, all of which are the outcome of long experience, provide the institution with an organization superior to that of other institutions of the kind on this continent, and the work done is worthy of the provision made. 1. The Crown Domain. The amount of legislation in connection with this part of the public service has been limited, but a few things call for notice. The Free Grant system wag 1) 46 Vict., Chap. 26. 4) 47 Vict., Chap. 37. (2) 42 Vict., Chap. 33. (5) 43 Vict., Chap. :». (3) 44 Viot, Chap. 28. (6) 49 Vict, Chap. 43. su established as far back as 1868, but various improvements were made in it by later legislation. The more important Acts passed in recent years dealing with Crown property are the following : — (1) By an old Canadian statute 'provision was made for the incorporation of companies "for the construction of works to facilitate the transmission of timber down ri'-^ -3 and streams." This Statute was amended and made more efiective by an Act' passed in 1881, which substitutes for the machinery of the old law the simple machinery of the " Ontario Joint Stock Companies Lettcs Patent Act" (2) Experience showed that cases might arise to which the joint stock com- ()any system did not apply. One such case was that of the Mississippi river, a arge portion of which was controlled by Mr. Peter McLaren, of Perth, in the County of Lanark. He refused to aljow timber belonging to Mr. Boyd Caldwell, of Lanark village, in the same county, to be floated to the owner's mill at Carle- ton Place, and in 1881 the Legislature attempted to provide a remedy by passing an Act* for the protection of the " Public Interest in Rivers, Streams, and (Jreeks. ' This Statute gave to the owner of timber the right to make improvements in a stream when the owner of the land refused to do so ; gave the Lieut.-Governor in Council the right to fix the tolls for the use of improvements, and not only gave the owner of the improvements a lien on the timber to the amount of the toll, but provided a summary mode of collecting his dues. This Act was disal- lowed by the Dominion Government. In the session of 1882 it was re-enacted by the Ontario Legislature in identical terms, and again disallowed. In 1883 it was once more re-enacted, without change, and once more disallowed. In 1884 it was re-enacted, with the substitution of the County Judge for the Lieutenant-Gover- nor as arbitrator, and this time it was allowed to go into operation.^ (3) Enormous quantities of very valuable timber have been destroyed from year to year by bush fires, the result of criminal carelessness. In 1878 the Legis- lature attempted to check this waste by passing an " Act* to Preserve Forests from Destruction by Fire." The provisions of this Statute are of a very practical char- acter, and steps have recently been taken to make them thoroughly efiective in practice.* ,,- ^, ^ ,^„^ -....■,, ;v;j , , m. Law Rkform. This department of Legislation is under the personal direction and supervi- sion of the Attorney -General of the Province, and as that responsible office has been continuously filled by the Hon. Oliver Mowat during the past fourteen years, he is in a peculiar sense entitled to whatever credit is due for improvements made in the system of administering justice. For originating and carrying into opera- tion reforms of this kind, Mr. Mowat is pre-eminently fitted, not merely by great natural ability and an unusually long and varied professional and parliamentary experience, but still more by a judicial cast of mind and a rare combination of progressiveness and caution. He was a prominent and active member of the Legislative Assembly long before Confederation, and was at the same time in the enjoyment of a large practice at the Bar. For seven years before assuming the Attorney-General's portfolio he occupied the position of Vice- Chancellor in the Court of Chancery, and ever since he entered on his present office he has been, by the discharge of its duties, made increasingly familiar with the whole machinery •f the administration of justice, criminal as well as civil. The extent, importance, and beneficent character of the reforms that have been effected in the law during his regime can be fully appreciated only by a careful stu- dent of the whole Statute law of the Province since 1872. And these are only an earnest of what he might have accomplished but for the distraction caused by the (1)44 Vict., Chap. 19. (4) 41 Viot, Chap. 23. (2) 44 Viot, Chap. 11. (3) 47 Viot.. Chap. 17. (6) See "Admimstration of Department «f Orown Landa," balov. 3 in it by ling with 3ratioa of of timber > effective d law the ;ent Act" tock com- pi river, a .h, in the Caldwell, at Carle- y passing 1 Greeks/' ements in Governor not only nt of the was disal- nacted by 183 it was i84 it was at-Qover- yed from ihe Legia- rests from ;ical char- iective in supervi- otfice has sen years, mts made to opera- by great imentary lation of er of the ne in the miner the or in the been, by lachinery lave been ref ul stu- i only an id by the 17. ' balow. 81 necessity of defending Ontario against attacks made upon her territorial and legis- lative rights by the Government of Sir John Macdonald. The chief burden of that defence fell upon him, and it was well for the Province that it had so capable a defender. But for the necessity he has been undei of opposing, for the pa.st eight f'^ears, unjust and unwarranted encroachments on Provincial rights in the liquor icense case, the rivers and streams case, the escheats case, the disputed territory timber case, and above all the boundary case, the peo|)le of Ontario would un- doubtedly have had to-day a system of jurisprudence still freer from anomalies, still simpler and less costly than the very excellent one they have. The obvious inference is that it would be good policy to entrust this great department again to a jurist who has shown so much capacity for improving it. The attacks made on Provincial rights he has succeeded in repelling. Only one case remains unfinished, and there is good reason to hope that in the near future he will be able to make still further, and, in the public interest, much needed im- provements in both the general law of the Province and thd system of adminis- tering it through the Courts. Many changes ' u the public law have been already noticed, those, for instance, eftected by the Mechanics' Lien Act, the Act confer- ring the municipal franchise on women, the Acts modifying the parliamentary and municipal law, the Acts affecting the status of the labouring classes, the Acto regulating the traffic in alcoholic liquors, &c. It will be convenient to deal with the more prominent of the remaining changes under the following heads : — (1) Courts and Judicature. A great deal has been done within the past few years to improve the admin- istration of criminal justice, by increasing the number of police magistrates, by defining and extending their jurisdiction, by regulating the procedure on appeals from summary convictions, and by establishing " County Judges' Criminal Courts," for the trial of cases without a jury. In 1878 an Act^ was passed creating all Su- perior Court judges ex-officio magistrates, with Provincial jurisdiction, and author- izing the appointment of police magistrates for counties, or parts of counties, in certain emergencies. The occasion of this latter enactment was the disorder caused in some localities by attempts to enforce the " Dunkin Act," and under itis authority magistrates have recently been appointed in several counties for the purpose of securing the better enforcement of the " Scott Act," and of suppressing the disorders to which that enforcement has given rise. • The more important changes in the Civil Courts relate to (a) the Division Courts, {h) the County Courts, and (c) the Superior Courts. {a) Division Ooiirta. .iV.'A' Minor amendments were made from time to time in the Division Court Act, prior to the revision of 1877. By an Act* passed in 1880, the limit of Divi- sion Court jurisdiction was extended in personal actions from .^40 to $60, and was made to cover any claim up to $200, the amount of which is ascertained by the sig- nature of the defendant in a suit. The same Act makes Clerks and Bailiff-j, wh« had previously been responsible only to the County Judges, responsible also t« the Government, and it makes sevaral improvements in the procedure of the Courts. Other improvements were made by amending Acts passed in 1885" and 1886.* (6) County Cov/rts. These Courts have by the various acts regulating the administration of jus- tice, and especially by the Judicature Act of 18S1,' been elevated into a position (1) 41 Viot, Ghap. 4. (2) 43 Viot.. Ohap. 8. (4) 49 Viot, Ohap. 16. (3) 48 Vict., Chap. 14. (6) 44 Viot, Chap. «. M 82 of greater importance and usefulness. Many motions in cases that have to be tried in the High Court of Justice can now be made in the County Courts with a great saving of time, trouble, and expense. (c) SupeHor Courts. When the Liberal party came into power there were, besides the Court of Ap- peal, three Superior Courts, Queen's Bench, Common Picas, and Chancery : the former two having the same jurisdiction and procedure, while the third was alto- gether different. It had long been admitted that consolidation of these Courts mto one was desirable, and that uniformity of procedure was equally so, but nothing in that direction was done or attempted, until Mr. Mowat took th a matter in hand. By his Administration of Justice Act of 1873' he aimed at securing that the courts of law and equity should be " as far as possible auxiliary to one another, for the more speedy, convenient, and inexpensive administration of jus- tice in every case." By this Act, and the still more important Administration of Justice Act of 1874", provision was made, amongst other things, for the transfer of cases from a Court of Law to a Court of Equity, or vice versa, thus enabling business to overflow from a more crowded court to one that was less so. Large discretionary powers in the matter of making such transfers, and also with i .ispect to the simplification and assimilation of pleadings and practice, were conferred on the Judges, and these powers were lor some years so freely exercised that the way was rapidly paved for a more formal and complete consolidation of the Superior Court system. On this point the testimony oi the Hon. Erlward Blake is unques- tionable. It was given in a speech delivered at a banquet to Mr. Mowat; on the 7th of March, 1879 :— Well, sir, you have had considerable measures of law reform. You know that, to that, too, the Liberal party had pledged itself before the accession of my hon. friend to office. The desire was that there should be, as soon as possible, an abolition of the scandal of there being different and fluctuating jurisdictions, under which it was possible fr^r me to sue you in one court, and you to go to another and say that the suing in the court in which I sued was unjust and un- righteous, and have the one court stop the proceedings ir the other. The system was such that it was almost incredible that it should exist amongst sensible people. My hon. friend dealt with that subject in a manner that was tentative — which was, I confess, not quite so complete as I had thought at the time was desirable ; but I believe that events have justitied the wisdom of the slow hastening which my hon. friend practised on that occasion. A more complete at- tempt was made in England^ut the result of hastening too fast in that direction has been, that the beneficial effects of that measure have yet to be reaped. It is necessary that the profession, the judges, and the public to a certain extent, should be prepared for such alterations in our legal system as this ; that there should not be too great and sudden a wrench ; and that the change should be made gradually in order to be effectual. Much has been done towards the simplification of legal procedure and the consequent reduction of expenditure to suitors ; but I don t think that that field is yet by any means exhausted. The truth of the last remark was made perfectly clear by Mr. Mcwat's next great measure of law reform, the " Ontario Judicature Act, 1881."' The Court of Appeal, the efficiency of which had been much improved by the " Administration of Justice Act of 1874," was, with the Queen's Bench, Common Pleas, and Chan- cery, consolidated into " One Supreme Court of Judicature for Ontario," and the latter three were made each a "Division" of a single court, to be called the High Court of Justice. The distinction between " law " and " equity " was abolished, and the jurisdictions of the three divisions were made concurrent, the distinction between them being thereafter ore of convenience only. As before, great discre- tionary powers, with respect to distribution of business and other matters, were conferred on the Judges, and they have used them wisely in consonance with the spirit of the Act. That the system is capable of further improvement goes with- (1) 36 Vict., Chap. 8. (2) 37 Vict, Chap. 7. (3) 44 Vict, Chap. 6. 83 it's next I Court of Istration Id Chan- 1 and the le High bolished, Ltinction It discre- ^rs, were nth the Bs with- out saying, and it is equally obvious that it will be wise policy to entrust the task of making such further changes as experience shows to be necessary, to the abil- ity, skill, and experience, which have already achieved so much. (9) Procedure. The system of pleading practised in the Common Law Courts was a few years ago so entirely dirterent from the system practised in the Court of Chancery that it was customary to speak of lawyers practising at the " CoiAmon Law Bar," or at the " Chancery Bar," according as they devoted themselves to law or to equity. The sharp line of demarcation between the two systems was first par- tially blotted out by the Administration of Jjistice Acts of 1873 and 1874, but it was formally and finally abolished by the Judicature Act of 1881. One of the " Rules of Law " embodied in that Act sets forth so clearly the intention of this great measure of law reform that it may be quoted entire, as a sequel to Mr. Blake's remarks, given above : — The High Court of Justice and the Oourt of Appeal respeotively, in the exeroise of the juriadiction vested in them by this Act, in erery cause or matter pending before them respeo- tively, shall have power to grant, and shall grant, either absolutely or on such reasonable terms and conditions as to them shall seem just, all such remedies whatsoever as anv of the parties thereto may appear to be entitled to in respect of any and every iegal or equitable claim proper- ly brought forward by them in such cause or matter, $o that as far at pomibU all matters to tn eontroverty between the said parties respectively may be completely and finally determined, and all fMUtiplicity of legal proceedings eoncenUng any of such matters avoided. The general principle of fusion is thus stated in the Act itself : " Generally in all matters not hereinbefore particularly mentioned, in which there is any con- flict or variance between the Rules of Equity and the Rules of the Common Law with reference to the same matter, the Rules of Equity shall prevail." (3) Codification. In the absence of a complete code of the public law of the Province it is a matter of great importance that the Statute law should be revised from time to time, the dead law '>Uminated from the genera/ mass, and the remainder consoli- dated and arranged in some logical order. Revisions and consolidations of the Statutes relating to certain matters are not uncommon, and some of them have been noticed above. But these do not take the place of those general consolida- tions of Statute law which are now a feature of systems of jurisprudeace in nearly all civilized countries. "The first revision of the Statute Law of Ontario was completed in 1877, the code being known as the " Revised Statutes." It is needless to say that the work of revision, of classification, and of amendment, was a difficult one, and equally needless to say that it was done very successfully under the personal supervison of Attorney-General Mowat. During the last seasion of the Legislature ' , the draft of a second revision was laid on the table of the Legislative Assembly, in such a state of advancement as to warrant the prediction that, if completed under the same experienced supervision, it will be found even more useful than the revision of some yean beiorei. (4) Beal Property. In the following amongst other ways the law ef real property has beta ■implified and improved during the past few years. Short forms have been substituted for long ones in leases, ;n)ortgage6, and eonveyances. (1) For 1886. 34 The law relating to the quieting of titles to land has been improved, and also the law relating to the regiHtrstion of instruments which are the evidence of title. A new system, dealing with both security and registration of title, popularly known as the " Torrens System,"' h«a boon introduced on a limited scale. As experience warrants, that system will undoubtedly be improved and extended. The time within which any claimant shall have the right to bring suit for the recovery oT land or rent is limited to ten yoare after the right of action accrues. The prescriptive right to use of light for a house of any kind has been abolished. The law of dower has been more strictly defined. Provision has been made for the disposition of property escheated to the Crown, which, by the decision of the Privy Council, now belongs to the Province. The relation between landlord and tenant has been made more equitable to the latter. (5) DomoHtlv Relttlionit. By an Act* passed in 1874, and amending Acts, a great change ha« been made for the better in the solemnization of marriages, the cost being at the same time reduced. In 1872 an Act" was passed which greatly extended the rights of property of married women. It placed under the control of a woman after marriage any real estate owned by her at the time of marriage or acquired afterward, and made her liable on any contract respecting real estate. It placed under a married woman's own control not merely all her personal earnings prior to marriage, but " all pro- ceeds and profits from any trade or occupation which she carries on separately from her husband, or derived from her literary, artistic, or scientific skill," and freed her personal property, even when in her husband's possession, from liability for the husband's debts. Ii authorized her to insure her own or her husband s life for her benefit or that of her children, to become a shareholder in any finan- cial company, to deposit money in bank and withdraw it by her own check, and to institute either civil or criminal proceedings in courts of law for the pro- tection of her property. And, lastly, it freed her husband from all liability for debts contracted by his wife before marriage, as well as for debts contracted after marriage " in respect of any employment or business in which she is engaged on her own behalf, or in respect of any of her own contracts." (6) Evidence. Some important amendments have since 1872 been made in ,;he law respect- ing " witnesses and evidence." In 1873 it was enacted* that husbands and wives of parties to a suit or action, with certain exceptions, might be compelled to give evidence in the case. By the same statute it was enacted that on the trial of any question under any Ontario statute, as for instance a case under the liquor license la\V, both the de- fendant and his wife (or her husband) might be compelled to give evidence in the matter. In the same year an Act' was paseed " to facilitate the proof of telegraph messages, letters, and other written instruments. ^ And, still in the same year, an Act" was passed which made more effective the then existing law with reference to evidence and witnesses before arbitrators. A !»..x^g-standing grievance was removed by an Act^ passed in 1876 providing found (1) 48 Viot., Chap. 22. (4) 36 Vict., Chap. 10. (2) 37 Viot, Chap. 6, (5) 36 Vict, Chap. IL 7 39 Vict, Chap. 13. (3) 36 Vict, Chap. 16. (6) 36 Vict. Chap. 13. (1 f been for the compensation of witnesses for the Crown in criminal cases. They render to the State an important service, and it was ri^ht to pay thom. On this point At- torney-General Mowat thus spoke at Woodstock on the 12tli of December, 1878 ; " At the last Provincial Oeneral Election, lo thorouc^h had our proviona legislation been, so completely had we exhausted the subieots which our people had theretofore been interested about, that I think the only charge ofleijislative omiv n which our opponents pretended to make was, that we had not up to that timn passed a law ' > the payment of Grown witnesses in criminal oases. * * * * \y^ framed a i>ill for the purpose as soon as we had thoroughly considered what was necessary and had collected the needed information ; and our Bill provided such safeguards and restrictions that, though considerable apprehension had al- ways been entertained that a very large sum would be required, the amount under our Act has turned out to be so moderate that nobody has felt it a burden. The amount is paid partly by the municipal counties and partly by the Qovernment,3and in proportions which nave met with approval. " (7) Enforelng clnlmi Hgnlnit the Crown. In 1872 an Act> was passed, providing for the institution of suits against the Crown by petition of right, and regulating the procedure in such caaes. (8) Crodllora and Iniolvent Debtors. The agitation for the repeal of the Dominion Insolvency Act led to the pas- sage of an Act* in 1880, by the Ontario Legislature to secure an equitable distribu- tion of insolvent debtors' assets amongst their creditors. This Statute " abolishes priority of and amongst execution creditors," and regulates the procedure to be adopted in the settlement of creditors' claims. (0) Trial by Jury. 16. la. While nothing has been done by recent legislation to impair the right ol every free man to the free course of justice, "the legal judgment of his peers, or the law of the land " — a right that is as old as Magna Charta, and older — ^a good deal has been done to lesson the cost of the administration of justice by allowing parties to dispense with juries when they feel disposed to do so. A person charged with a grave crime can now be sentenced to the Penitentiary or Central Prison for a term ot years, by the finding of a Police Magistrate, before whom he has elected to be summirily trie!, and a large proportion of civil cases are now tried, with the consent of parties, by a judge, who has to take into ac- count the facts as well as the law, and give the verdict himself. Juries are still selected, however, for both civil and criminal cases, and it is a matter of the utmost consequence that the process of selection should be as equitable and economical as possible. Changes in the law relating to " jurors and juries" were made between 1867 and 1877, especially by the " Administration of Justice Act of 1874', but these did not affect, to any great extent, the mode of selection. This was revolutionized by an Act* passed in 1879, which deals with such important matters as qualification, exemptions, preliminary selection, deter- mination of number required, manner of final selection, tScc. By another Act*, passed in the same year, the membership of grand juries was reduced from 24 to 15. Additional improvemonts in the jury system have been made by more recent Statutes, and experience has shown that it is now one of the most perfect to ba found in any country in which the practice of trial by jury obtains. (1) M Viot, Chap. 13. (4) 42 Viot., Chap. 14. (3) 43 Vict, Chap. 10. (3) 37 Viot, Chap. 7. (6) 42 Viot, Chap. U \ 36 A careful and complete consolidation of the jury law, as embodied in the ^BiiouB Statutes above referred to, will be found in the draft of Revised Statutes ■abmitted to the Legislature during the session of 1886. (10) Insurance. The law regulating Mutual Insurance has been extensively modified during the past fourteen years, making the system more workable for the insurer, ana affording better security for the insured. The most recent change was made by an Act, passed in 1885 ' , for the protection of makers of premium notes, who cannot now be sued on such notes in the Division Court at the Company's head -quarters, unless it is expressly aad conspicuously stated in the note itself, that suits are to be brought and commenced in that Division Court. An Act" was passed in 1876 " to secure uniform conditions in policies of fire insurance." It enacts a number of conditions, which were prepared under the supervision of the Superior Court Judges of the Province, and which are to be read into and form part of every fire insurance -policy issued by every company doing business in Ontario. Variations from these conditions are allowed, but they must be conspicuously printed in the policy, and they must be such as a Court or Judge, trying a disputed case, will hold to be " just and reasonable." The right of the Ontario Legislature to impose such conditions on insurance companies operating under charters not granted under Provincial authority was contested in the well-known cases of Parsons v. The Citizens Insurance Company, and Parsons v. the Queen Insurance Company, and the question of jurisdiction was finally decided by the Privy Council in favour of the statute. The judg- ment in these cases, in 1881," is one of the most important ever delivered m support of Provincial Legislative rights. In order to still further and more effectually guard the interests of the public, the Legislature, in 1879, passed an Act* to provide for the inspection of insurance companies. Under the authority of this statute an inspect ■• was immediately appointed, and, during the past seven years, the work of inspection has been carried on with complete satisfaction to both the companies and the public. The above summary gives a very inadequate idea of the extent to which law reform has been carried during the fourteen years of Attorney- General Mowat's administration, and it is only an earnest o*' what may yet be accomplished in the public interest, if he is left in charge of this important department of the public service. 2. NANCIAL LEGISLATION. The Statutes dealing with the finances of the Province are spread over a number of years, many of the most important having been enacted by the Legia- ture during the period of the Mowat Administration. They may, for convenience, be grouped as follows : — a. Railway Aid. In the session of 1871 an Act' was pa.ssed at the instance of the Sandfield Macdonald Government, setting apart a million and a half of dollars ($1,500,000), as a fund for the purpose of aiding railways on certain conditions. It was con- tended by tne then Opposition that the grant to each railway should be submit- (1) 48 Viot. Oh*p. 35. (3) Cartwright, "0 (4) 42 Viot., Olwp. 26. (2) 39 Viot, Chap. 24. on the B.N.A. Act, 1867," toL 1, p. 269. (6) 34 Viot, Chap. 2. I 87 ■T" a the tube* iunng r, ana by an ;annot artera, are to of fire ier the ■e to be mpany ed, but ch as a mable." surance ity waa jmpany, sdiction le judg- ivered in Is of tbe ection of !l< was ipection and the hich law Mowat'a id in the public jd over a e Legia- enieace> idfield >,000), I was con- submit- ted to the Ajsaembly for its approval before being paid over to the company oon- stmcting it, and when the Liberal party came into power in 1872, an Act^ was passed requiring this to be done. By another Act,* passed in the same session, the " Railway Fund " was in- creased from $1,500,000 to $1,900,000, and a "Railway Subsidy Fund" was created by setting apart the sum of $100,000 a year for twenty years. By an Act,' passed in 1874, greater ilexibility was introduced into the method of grant- ing aid out of these funds, the Lieutenant-Governor being authorized to substitute annual payments extending over twenty years for a lump sum per mile. The grants from these funds in aid of railways rapidly exhausted them, and it became necessary either to make further appropriations in aid of new railways, or to leave them unaided altogether. Special appropriations to particular roads wers made by Acts passed in 1876,* in 1877," in 1878,* and 1881,^ the conditions of payment being in all cases made as advantageous to the companies as possible for use as a basis of credit. In 1879 an Act' was passed authorizing the issue of scrip, or certificates, for railway grants, and in 1884 provision was made" for the substitution of termin- able annuities for scrip. The annuities were to be based on a rate of interest not exceeding five per cent., and were to run for a psriod not exceeding 40 years. The total amount granted out of the surplus revenues of the Province in aid of railways under the Acts above referred to is $6,630,086. But for this aid many of the subsidized lines would never have been built, and districts now served by them would have remained isolated and comparatively inaccessible. By a series of enactments extending over xr&ny years, municipalities were authorized to vote sums in aid of railways, and advantage was extensively taken of the powers thus conferred. The policy of liberally aiding rail- ways out of Provincial funds has had the effect of stimulating the liberality and enterprise of the municipalities, which have granted, in all, by way of subsidies to railways, no less a sum than $13,961,846.^° Of this sum the Province has under the Municipal Loan Fund settlement repaid to the municipalities $1,336,997, making with the $6,630,086 directly appropriated a total of $7,967,083 spent by the Province in promoting railway construction. Not fewer than 2,734 miles of railway had at the date of the last ofiicial report been built under this double stimulus, making Ontario one of the most adequately equipped countrioi in the world in the matter of railway accommodation. b. Surplus Distribution and Municipal Loan Fund. The payments in aid of railways, 1' eral as they were, did not exhaust the accumulaticns of surplus revenue. So early as 1871, Mr. Blake, in a resolution** offered as an alterm *ive for Mr. Sandfield Macdonald's railway aid policy, laid down the general pri.: ^iples on which the distribution of the surplus should proceed. That resolution was as follows : — ** This House feels bound to express its conviction that the country will have Just groand for dissatisfaction unless some plan is adopted whereby, while making all just and necessary pro- vision in aid of railways and other public improvements of provincial interest in the thinly set- tled and unprovided districts, a large part of the available surplus should be apportioned accord- ing to population, and expended in such a way as each of the counties, cities, and aepanttad towns Bhail, as to its own allotment, designate, in aid of railways or other permanent pubiio ia- provements aflfecting the localities, or towards the redemption of municipal obli/atioaa already eontracted for such purposes ; due precaution being taken for the proper application of to* (1) 35 Vict , Chap. 23, (3) 37 Vict.. Chap. 37. (2) 35 Vict., Chap. 24. 39 Vict,; Chap. 22. (5) 47 Viot., Chap. 14. j 44 Vict., Chap. 23. (8) 42 Vict., Chap. 29. y., ,. . .>,«. , 0) Provincial Treasui-cr's Fiuanciixl .SUteiiietit nf iStIO, pp. SS-Ml (Sm appendix 0.) 1) Legialative AasTmbly Jouriials, 1S70-71, p. !20. (6) 41 Viot, Chap. 16. m 47 Viot. Chap. 3L 88 nuoey ; and provision being made that the allotment to any municipality indebted to the Mu- nicipal Loan Fund, should be applied on equitable terms towards the satisfaoticn of what may be uxind due by the municipality on the adjustment of the Municipal Loan indebtedness." In the short session of 1872 nothing was done to give eflfect to this general polic}', but in the session of 1873, the first of Atorney-General Mowat's regime, he submitted a measure^ for the distribution of a portion of the sui-plus in connec- tion with the settlement of the Municipal Loan Fund question. Many municipalities which had borrowed from this fund had never repaid the principal of the loan, and had long ceased to pay anything by way of interest. The total indebtedness to the fund amounted, in 1872, to twelve million dollars ($12,000,000), and on this immense sum the Province at large had to pay interest, thovigh the great majority of the municipalities had never derived any advantage from it. Some of those which had borrowed were weighed down by a load of debt, and all of them were placed in a position to be subjected to undue influence if the Government should choose to exercise coercion. The Municipal Loan Fund Act of 1873 authorized the appropriation of a certain sum out of the Provincial surplus to each municipality according to popu- lation. To a municipality not in debt to the Loan Fund the amount was to be paid in full. To one in debt to the Fund the subsidy was to be set off" against the debt, the balance, if there was one, being payable to the municipality. In cases where the amount of debt exceeded the amount of subsidy the municipality remained liable for the difference. In some cases part of the debt was written off, and wherever money was paid to a municipality it was required to be kept apart from all other moneys, and to be spent either for the construction of perman- ent works, or in payment of obligations already contracted for such works. By Acts passed in 1874,* and 1876,^ provision was made for the expendi- ture by any municipality of its share of the surplus for educational and certain other purposes. By Acts passed in 1877* and 1879' the rights of unorganized townships and of Indians were protected. By an Act* passed in 1882 notice was given that interest would no longer be paid on sums not withdrawn from the Provincial Treasury, and by one passed in 1885, provision was made for a fur- ther reduction of indebtedness in the case of certain municipalities.^ By the operation of these statutes, inestimable benefits were conferred on the municipalities. Some were relieved from a crushing incubus of debt, and all were n^ade participators in the general prosperity of the Province. The total amount distributed under this scheme is about S3,44!7,525. The following table® shows to what purposes the greater part of this subsidy has been applied by municipalities : In roads and bridges .* In paying debts caused by granting aid to railways In paying other debts iucurred {or permanent works not specified In educational purposes, including school-houses built, school debts paid, and in- vestments for school purposes In building and improving town halls .... (72 town halls have been built or paid for, and a large number of markets and lock-ups). In town and village improvements, by construction of water-works, making side- walks, planting shade-trees, and buying steam fire ensrinen In making and improving harbours In drainage $1,181,682 06 987,889 18 28,579 56 705,468 36 147,346 40 76.432 66 43,749 46 27,642 27 (1) 36 Viot., Chap 47. (2) 38 Vict., Chap. 29. (3) 39 Vict., Chap. 4. (4) 40 Viot., Chap. 18. (6) 42 Viot., Chap. 9. (6) 4.5 Vict., Chap. 27. (7) 48 Viot., Chap. 7. (8) Under the authority of this statute, the sum of 940,000 has been deducted from the 180,000 due by the towu of Cobourg. (9) Provincial Treasurer's Financial State- ment, 1879. ■pp 39 In paying share of coat of county- buildings, and aiding in the erection of milla and manufactories 13,382 60 In buying and laying out public parks and agricultural society grounds ....... 4,954 26 In the purchase and improvement of cemeteries •. . . . 1,917 02 In aid given to unorganized districts, in making roads and bridges, and building schools 6,334 82 Total ^,226,378 64 c. Repeal of Taxes. The distribution of surplus revenue, so as to lighten the burden of local tax- ation, is not the oitly way in which the public have profited by the financial legis- tation of Mr. Mowat's rigime. In the session of 1874 an Act^ was passed abolishing the revenue formerly derived by the Province from marriage licenses. The amount thus lost to the revenue has been annually about 830,090, but the tax was vexatious in its nature, and its abolition has been generally approved of. Equally justifiable and popular was the abolition of the fees and charges pay- able to the Crown on proceedings in the County and Division Court* This was effected by the Administration of Justice Act* of 1874, and the loss of revenue in this case also was about .$30,000 a year. d. Liquor Licenses. lior to 1876 the amount of the license fees was fixed by the municipal Coun- cils, and they absorbed all the revenue from them. In that year the * Crooks Act "* was passed, throwing part of the work of administration on the Provincial Gov- ernment, and handing over to it a share of the revenue derived from license fees. The following table shows the amount of the fees as fixed by the License Act of 1876, and the amount as fixed by the License Acts of 1884 and 1883 res- pectively* : — Taverns aiui Shops, 1876 1884 Cities over 20,000 SlOO 00 $IC0 00 . Cities under 20,000 100 00 160 00 To-vn? 80 00 100 00. VillaMs 60 00 80 00. 1886 ..$260 00 . 200 00 . 150 00 . 120 00 Tcwnships 60 00 72 00.... 90 00 Salootis, Cities . 100 00 ... 160 00 .. 300 00 Towns 80 00 110 00 ^260 00 Wholesale, Cities over 20,000 150 00 225 00 250 00 Towns and Cities under 20,000. . 150 00. . .» 225 00 250 00 Great Lakes 100 00 125 00 176 00 Great Lakes, wine and beer . . 50 00 Inland Waters 60 00 Inland Waters, wine and beer. . .SO 00 62 50 75 00 85 00 100 00 42 50 46 00 In the last license year before the increase of 1884 the Provincial revenue from license fees under the Crooks Act was $96,460. In the first financial year after the increase it was nearly $201,000. During the same years the municipalities received as their share, $284,379 and $?53,589 respectively thus showing that while the liquor traffic has been made to pay a larger revenue to the Pi-ovince, it has done so without leesening the amount paid to the municipalities. Owing to the adoption of the Scott Act in a number of counties, the provincial revenue (1) 37 Viot., C^hap. 6. (2) 37 Vict., Chap. 7. (3) H9 Vict., Chap. 26. (4) Provincial Treasurer's Financial Statement for 1886, p. 26. 1'he figure* for 1886 were Hlightly •Itered wliile the Bill wa« pamiu.; through the Legislature. 40 from licenses fell in 1885 to $162,000. It is expected that in spite of this falling off the receipts wall, in 1889, amount to at least $200,000, &s the result of the •bove increase of fees. e. Drainage Investments. II • As far back as 1869 an Act' was passed, authorizing the Government to advance money for the drainage of large areas, the works to be carried out ander the Public Works Act of 1868, and the improved land to be used as security for the repayment of the advance by means of a rent charge. This Statute was repealed by an Act* passed in 1873. It made still more liberal arrangements for the construction of drainage works, which under it may be undertaken at the instance of the owners of the land, and without the interven- tion of any municipal Council, the security and mode of collection remaining the same. In 1873 a different system of investing a part of the surplus funds of the Province in this class of public works was adopted. By an Act' passed in that year it was provided that the Government might advance money at the rate of five per cent, to municipalities for drainage purposes, leaving the work to be done by the local authorities. The method of investment under this system is the purchase of municipal debentures to the required amount, the municipality being responsible for the payment of the debentures, and being left to collect for itself the amounts charged against the lands benefited. This system is in accord with the general policy of the Mowat Government to increase the responsibility and efiiciency of municipal corporations. The maximum amount invested under either system cannot at any time ex- ceed $250,000, but the mi^ney, as it is repaid by one municipality, may be lent to another. In this way the total amount invested under both plans up to the end of 1885 was about $941,200. The area drained is made up of tracts scattered over the counties of Kent, Lambton, Middlesex, Elgin, Lanark, Lennox, Grey, Adding- ton, Peterboro', Essex, Leeds, Welland, Huron, Bruue, Durham, Perth, Hastings, and Haldimand. Another application of the same form of investment was made in 1878, by an Act* authorizing the Government to advance money at five per cent., through the medium of municipal debentures, for tile-draining purposes. The total amount 80 invested must never exceed $200,000, and the amount that has been invested is $46,500. ■'' Audit of Public Accounts. In the session of 1886 an Act* was passed " to provide for the better auditing of the public accounts of the Province." It creates a Treasury Board of three members, who are Ministers of the Crown, and also creates the office of Auditor- General, tha incumbent of which is removable from office only on address of the Legislative Assembly to the Lieutenant-Governor. The Auditor-General's duty is to " examine, check, and audit all accounts of receipts and expenditures of public moneys;" to "see that no cheque issues for the payment of any public money, for which there is no direct legislative appropriation ;" to present to the Legislative Asseml ly a statement of all expenditures made, on the order of the Treasury Board, wihout his sanction; and to prepare the public accounts for sub-revision to the 'iCgislative. The system of auditing the public accounts, already efficient, has b ^en made by this Statute still more so, while the people of the Province have as Stitisfactory a check upon irregular expenditure of public funds as it is possible to devise. a) 33 VIot, Ch»p. 2. (2) 36 Vict, Oh»p. 38. (4) 41 Viet., Ohap. ». (3) 35 Viot., Ch»p. 26. (3) 49 Viot., Oh»p. 4 Ir « 41 II. ADMINISTRATION. The administrative record of the Mowat Government has been pecuKarly free from scandals of a kind that are far too common in the political history of Canada, but this negative excellence is by no means all that can be asserted of it. Ine Premier and his colleagues have been earnest and thorough in the discharge of their official duties, and they have at all times shown themselves ready to carry out in practice a consistently liberal and progressive policy. Their regime has consequently been most effectual in promoting the material prosperity of the country and improving the social condition of the people. Watchful and persist- ent in their defence of Provincial rights against external assaults, they have been equally earnest and equally persistent in devising measures for the better develop- ment of the physical resources of '\te Province, for the better education of tn« people, for the improvement of their social condition, and for the protection of those who are not in a position to protect themselves. It will be convenient to refer briefly to the administrative work of the Government under the heads of (I) G^eral Administration, and (2) Financial Administration. A. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION. The work of general administration is carried on by six different DepartMants of the public service, some of which have several branches each. 1. ATTORNEY-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. This has been presided over by the Hon. Oliver Mowat for fourte"'n years without interruption. Upon him personally has devolved the duty of prosecut- ing the claim of the Province to the disputed territory west and north of Lake Superior, and to the land, timber and minerals which it comprises. The struggle over the boundary question has been made by Sir John Mactlonald an expensive one for the Province, and an onerous one for Mr. Mowat. ^ Apart from the special duties devolving upon him as Premier, the Attorney-General's labours have during that long period been arduous and continuous. The following account of hia Department will make this clear : a Admikistrative Duties. To this Department belongs the supervision of the administration of justice throughout the Province, including the investigation of complaints made in respect of the conduct of magistrates, the prosecution of criminals both for offences com- mitted against the laws of the Dominion and for those against the statutes of the Province. These prosecutions at the Assizes are conducted by counsel appointed by the Attorney-General, and at the General Sessions and County Judges' Criminal Courts by the County Attorneys; but cases are constantly arising upon which the advice and direction of the Department is required, while in many offences of a serious character the evidence has to be obtained through officers directly instructed by this Department. In connection with criminal prosecutions arise applications for bail, which in all cases may be made to the judges at Toronto, and in many serioos cases must be so made ; also applicatioL..i to be relieved from forfeiture of bail This Department has a great aeal to do with both, especially the latter. W Bm Appmdix B. 4S These can be favourably entertained only where the circumstances are of a very exceptional nature, and careful enquiry into the facts upon which it is claimed relief should be granted is always made. It advises as to proceedings befor© Justices of the Peace and other inferior magistrates, for, notwithstanding the forms provided for ordinary cases, the applications made to discharge prisoners on Habeas Corpus, or to quash convictions on account of irregularities, or in- sufficiency in the proceedings before these officers, are very numerous. In many of these, this Department finds it necessary to make enquiry and to intervene. Cases of difficulty are also from time to time reserved by Judges at the Assizes and other Criminal Courts for the opinion of the Judges of the Hif;h Court, sitting together at Toronto ; and these are, wherever practicable, argued by the officers of this Department., To the Attorney-General also belongs the considera- tion of applications for writs of Error, for leave to file information in his name in connection with supposed invasions of public right, for entries of nolle prosequi, and for the admission of criminals as Queen's evidence, etc., etc. It is his duty also to make appointments to all offices connected with the administration of jus- tice, such as Justices of the Peace, Police ivnd Stipendiary Magistrates, Coroners, County Attorneys, and officers of tLo vo.' ' . ■ ' courts in the different counties b Adviso LIES. It is the duty of this Department to advise the officers of the other Depart- ments of the Government upon the • i rao'-'^us h «'«>.1 questions which constantly arise in connection with the varied mailers i .miii^ before them; and advice is constantly required by County Attorneys, Crown Couuaai, Coroners, and all others employed in the administration of justice. c , Executive Duties. It is also the duty of the Attorney-General to see that all Statutes and Orders-in-Council are drawn up in proper form, and that the public interests, as well as the rights of individuals, are carefully guarded. This is all the more necessary in the case of statutes, since there is only one legislative chamber. The maimer in which the work of supervision has been carried out during the Mowat regime is the best possible proof that, with an experienced and watchful Premier and a competent and careful Attorney-General, there is not the slightest need for a second one. 2. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS. This Department has been, during the last three Parliamentary terms, under the management of the Hon. C. F. Eraser, and has been conducted in such a way that though large amounts of money have been spent from time to time under contracts, the most vigilant and unscrupulous opponents of the Government have never ventured even to hint at corruption or mismanagement. The following table gives the amounts spent between 1867 and 1885 on the buildings and works erected or maintained at the expense of the Province, and shows the object in view in the expenditure : — Public Buildings and Works. (1867-1885.) Government House $ 160,109 Parliament Buildings 93,190 Insane Asylums ,.. 1,666,399 Deaf and Dumb Institute 212,452 iii 43 Blind Institute 218,856 Reformatory for Boys 1 14,398 I Agricultural College and Farm 273,067 Central Prison 693,916 School of Science 110,752 Normal and Model Schools 217,726 Mercer Reformatory . . 147,241 Osgoode Hall 104,800 Registry Offices, Lockups, etc 99,659 Punlic Works (including Locks, Bridges, Surveys, Drainage, etc.) 911,636 Total $4,924,201 Between 1867 and 1871 the amount spent on these services was $1,213,773, leaving as the expenditure on public works and buildings, during Mr. Mowat's regime, $3,710,438. During the past fifteen years the Public Works Department has been charged with the duty of seeing that the conditions on which aid had been granted to railways,^ out of the Provincial treasury, were complied with before the subsidy was paid over, and also with a similar duty in respect of drainage works, for the execution of which funds had been advanced by the Province. Both of these duties have been discharged in a perfectly satisfactory manner, not a single charge of perfunctoriness, incompetency, corruption, or political favouritism having ever been set afloat by anybody in connection with this branch of the adminis- trative work of the Department. 3. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION." The Department of Education was organized under a responsible Minister of the Crown in 1876. The advantages to the public of this change are apparent at a glance. The chief complaint for many years against the former bureaucratic management was that it was irresponsible, and therefore not sufficiently amenable to public opinion. The presence of the Head of the Department in Parliament, to answer requests for information, reply to allegations of mismanagement, take charge of legislation, and explain the reasons for all proposed expenditure, has brought the educational affij,irs of the Province within the grasp of the people as they never were and never could have been brought under the old system. Any errors of policy — not to speak of favouritism, corruption, or even of adminis- trative mismanagement — can be promptly brought to the public notice ; and the minister can be called to account where, under the system of responsible Govern- ment, all Heads of public Departments are liable to be called to account, on the floor of the Legislative Assembly. Under the British system, of which our own is an adaptation, Parliament is " the grand inquest of the nation ;" and, to do the Opposition justice, they have, during the past nine years, made excellent use of the opportunities it affords them of exposing in eveiy minute detail the working of the educational machinery of the Province. The result ha*" been a triumphant vindication of the policy pursued by the late Hon. Adam Crooks, who filled the office of Minister from 1876 to 1883, and carried on since his retirement by the present Minister, the Hon.' Geo. W. Ross. (1) For the amount paid by the Froviuce in aid of particular railways, eee Appendix C. (2) For a reply to charges against thu management of the Department see speech delivered by the Hon. Ofo. W. Roea at Mount Brydges, on the 11th of October, 1886, and published in pamphlet form. m 44 That policy has been a practical as well as a liberal one. Amonest the im- prorements introduced since 1876 are the establishment of County Model School* and of Collegiate Training Institutes for the professional training of intending; Public and High School teachers ; the development of the local Teachers' Insti- tutes, with a view to the improvement of educational methods ; an improved system of examining and classifying Public School teachers, including the throw- ing open of University standing to all candidates above third class ; the abolition of the Educational Depository, which, after serving a useful purpose, had become a needless competitor of the ordinary book and apparatus trades: and more effective use of the High Schools and Normal Schools in the training of teachers. Under the system now in force, the time-honoured practice of placing the young teacher in charge of a school without preliminaiy professional training has been ftknost entirely abolished, and every teacher, as long as he stays in the profession, is expected to keep himself abreast of the times by attending at least once a year a local Institute for the discussion of methods of teaching the various subjects of the school programme. The liberal provision made for education is one of the most praiseworthy features of *he Administration of the last fourteen years. The average amount paid, per annum, by the Government of the late Mr. Sandfield Macdonald, for all educational purposes, was $295,962 ; the average amount paid duringthe las^ fourteen years was $505,8TO, or an average increase of 10 per cent. The total sum paid out of the Provincial treasury for school purposes since 1871 amounts to Out of the whole sum voted by the Legislature in 1871 for educational pnr- poees, 73 pe? ^ent. went directly to the public in relief of local taxation ; in 1886 no less than 82 per cent, was given to the people for a similar purpose. The grants to Public and Separate schools rose frci a yearly average of $167,540 duringthe Sandfield Macdonald period, to a yearly average of $330,871 during the Mowat regime; the grant to Poor schools from So ,990 in 1871 to $19,969 in 1885 ; the grant to High schools from $71,486 to $85,000 in 1885.» Besides the aid given directly to education by making grants from the Pro- vincial treasury, every dollar of which is a proportionate relief to the tax-payer, much has been done to promote the efficiency of our schools in other waya In 1871 we had but one Normal school, for which the Government contributed the sum of $17,785 ; in 1885 we had two Normal schools, for which the Government contributed the sum of $38,257. In 1871 we had no county model schools for training third-class teachers ; in 1885 we had 52 county Model schools, to which the Government contributed $8,100. In 1871 we had no Training Institutes for High school masters ; in 1886 we have had four Training Institutes, to which the Government contributed $1,600. In 1871 we had no Art schools for teaching mechanics and others drawing, and the elements of industrial design j in 1885 we had six Art schools, to which the Government contributed $2,400. In 1 871 we had no properly organized Teachers' Associations; in 1S84 we had 64 Associations, attended by 5,189 teachers, to which the Government contributed $l',027. In 1871 we had only 51 Mechanics' Intitutes ; in 1885 we had 122 Mechanics' Institutes, with libraries aggregating 230,917 volumes, to which the Government contributed $2U,770. It is sometirr.es said that our school system is rapidly becoming more ex- pensive. In 1874, the total expenditure by the Province for all school purposes was $3,006,456; in 1884, it was $3,280,862, or an increase of 9 per cent in 9 yeara The municipal taxation for ordinary municipal purposes in 1876, WM $4,146,398, and in 1883, $4,964,520, or an increase of 20 per cent, in 8 years. fl) See Appendix D. 46 Salaries of Teactaert. The average of the salaries paid to teachers in Ontario, as compared with the average of those paid in the United States, will show that our school system hm not led to any great extravagance in this branch of expenditure : — Male teaohen, Female teaohan, per month. per month. Illinois S4iJ.86 $37.76 Maine. 37.39 22.40 Massachusetts 102.90 34.32 Michigan 41.56 27.44 Ohio 39.00 29.00 Pennsylvania 3.5.12 28.80 Ontario 35.60 23.25 A comparison of the cost to the country of the education of each pupil a equally satisfactory, as the following table will show : — Cost per PupIL Ohio , . $10.24 Massachusetts 15.40 Michigan 7,59 New York 10.96 Ontario 7.02 It is sometimes alleged that the cost of administering this branch of the Sublio service has increased since the Department was entrusted to a responsible [inister of the Crown. As in the case of other Departments, the work to be done has increased, but even in the face of this fact it has been found possible to greatly reduce expenditures in some branches. The following table, for instance, shows the tendency of the expenditure for Normal School purposes : Toronto Normal School 1876 $25,443 1877 25.780. 1878 22,658 1879 22,652 1880 22,917 1881 22,724 1882 24,492 1883 24,410 1884 21,469 1885 18,809 The increase in the case of the Ottawa Normal School in 1881 was owing to the opening of the Provincial Model School Up to that time the Public Schools of the city nad been used for Model School purposes. 4. DEPARTMENT OF CROWN LANDS. The management of the Crown lands, timber, mineralB. and colonization roads has been in the hands of the Hon. T. B. Pardee continuously for the past OtUwa No. of Studenti Normal School in attendanoa. $13,576 247 14,082 257 11,373 226 11,066 429 13,775 483 19,0S2 418 29,394 260 21,129 338 19,341 351 19,136 405 46 thirteen years. During that period this Department has been, more than any other, the subject of criticism, and of Parliamentary investigation. Session after session the time of the Public Accounts Committee has been taken up with the examination of officers of the inside and outside service, and of merchants who furnish colonization road supplies, in the hope that some corrupt practice might be unearthed, or some improper expenditure of public money established. All such efforts have, however, been in vain, and there is not to-day, as there has not been at any time during the Mowat riyime, the slightest ground for any suspicion of corruption, or even of political favouritism. The functions of the Commissioner are very important, and his discretionary powers, especially in deciding disputes between applicants for portions of the Crown domain, are very great. Nothing but a rare combination of executive ability, official integrity, and judicial fairness, could have enabled the head of the Department to avoid giving his opponents some advantage over him during his long term of adminis- tration, especially in view of the fact that enormous sums of money are col- lected and disbursed yearly rnder his personal authority. The Crown Lands Department is the great revenue-producing branch of the Government, and, with the exception of the amount received as subsidy from the Dominion, provides the largest part of the annual income of the Province. The duties of the Department, instead of decreasing, are year by year growing greater and more complex. They comprise the sale and management of the Crown, Clergy, and School lands still undisposed of ; the locating of settlers in the Free Grant dis- tricts ; the surveying of new townships, from time to time, as they are required for settlement or the purposes of the timber trade ; the construction of Colonization roads and bridges in the new and sparsely settled portions of the Province where the settlers are as yet unable to assume the burden of such works ; the supervision of the vast area over which licenses to cut timber have been granted (such super- vision becoming much more difficult year by year as settlement increases) ; the collection of Government charges and dues leviable upon such timber ; and the settlement of the multifarious and often complicated questions which of necessity arise in the course of transactions covering so large a territory. a. Increase of Departmental Work. During the period between 1867 and 1871 the number of letters an- nually received by the Department averaged 474, and the number sent, 276. During the past fourteen years the yearly average has been. 1,720, and 879, respectively — an increase of 264 per cent. During the same period the increase in the correspondence of the Free Grants Branch has been 259 per cent. The Crown Lands sales between 1867 and 1871 averaged 59,400 acres a year ; between 1871 and 1885 they averaged 80,000 acres — an increase of 35 ptjr cent. During the former period the average number of timber licenses issued yearly was 188 ; during the latter.it was 497 — an increase of 164 percent. During the foi mer period the average nunber of saw-log and timber returns received and checked yearly was 1,382 ; during the latter it was 4,813 — an increase of 1248 per cent. The number of townships set apart for free grant purposes between 1868 and 1871 was 54; since 1872 the number has been raised to 1*29 — an addition of 75 townships. The net area located under the free grant system between 1868 and 1871 was 348,780 acres; since 1872 this area has been increased to 1,926,5'? 5 — an addition of 1,677,795 acres. The net number of locatees between 1867 and 1871 was 2,769 ; since 1872 this number has been increased to 15,197 — va addition of 12,428. 47 b. Crown Lands. The following statement, condensed from the Reports of the Commissioner of Crown Lands, shows the progress of the settlement of the Free Grant Districts since 1868 :— Year. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1876. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. ]881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. k 1 •M « 0*1 •s u " h is. Ji S2 B a ■ a (25 ^ 15 24 14 1 18 6 10 1 4 1 23 6 1 1 3 2 129 I 611 566 1,200 1,113 875 757 919 1,387 1,463 1,914 2,115 1,506 1,292 1,077 932 985 1,157 1,236 21,005 h 46,336 66,011 155,427 153,105 115,066 100,603^ 119,070 186,807 192,858 260,801 274,238 199,500 181,746 153,764 129,536 134,694 161,964 176,;i61 2,797.775^ 82 52 148 139 97 79 67 89 110 149 188 123 110 155 160 143 126 149 2,145 8 a 2,120 956 4,585^ 3,452| 2,268{ 6,038 2,144 3,896 2,261 5,6.34 6,637 4,911 3,621 8,870 6,562 8,927 5,809 5,998 82,690^ 148 381 463 381 462 691 1,118 1.068 870 781 624 587 635 663 a i S5 765 670 646 642 472 613 487 487 602 790 609 581 8,712 ' 6.854 The population of the free grant district has increased with great rapidity under this system of settlement. In 1871 the inhabitants of the Muskoka, P''''ry Sound, and Nipissing districts numbered only 6,919 ; at the census of 188i they numbered 27,204. At the present rate of increase the population of these districts cannot be far. short of 40,u00. A similar increase has taken place in those por- tions of Haliburton, Peterboro', Hastings, Addington, Frontenac, Renfrew, and Algoma, which have been brought under the operation of the " Free Qrants and Homesteads Act." The sales of lands are still considerable in spite of the working of the free grant system. In 1885, according to the Crown Lands Commissioner's Report, there were sold of Crown, Clergy, Common School, and Grammar School lands, 102,825 acres, for the sum of $92,091. The work of surveying new townships goes on from year to year as settle- ment progresses. • c. Woods and Forests. The revenue from timber is derived from (1) bonuses, (2) annual ground rents, and (3) timber dues. The timber limits are always disposed of at public auction, the person obtaining a limit being the one who offers to pay the largest amount by way of bonus, the ground rent being the same in all cases — $2 per square mile — and the timber dues being payable only as the timber is cut The bonus secures for the purchaser nothing more than the first right to obtain an omnual license to cut ti/mher on a particular limit, subject to the payment of ground rent and of certain dues on every log cat The chief part of the yMtrlj nrenae from this branch arises from the collection of grouna rents and timber dues, but, from time to time, as settlement encroaches on the timber lands, the Utter have to be put under license, i^., sold at auction in the sense above ex- plained. falet of Timber Limit*. > The first sale of pine timber lands, after the Liberal party came into power in 1871, took place m 1872, while the Hon. R. W. Scott was Commisaioner of Crown Lands. The area then disposed of was about 5,000 square miles. The transaction was, during the next session of the Legislature, exhaustively discussed in all its aspects, and the Assembly, by a large majority, endorsed what had been done, only four members voting against the resolution of approval,' while Messrs. Oameron and Moredith, the past and present leader ot the Opposition, were amongst those who voted for it. This sale has been endorsed by the people, after full discussion, at three general elections (1875, 1879 and 18^3), so that there \a no longer any need to discuss it as an open question. The total amount bid at the sale was $592,G01, and some limits, in respect of which the purchasers fiuled to comply with the prescribed conditions, have since been re-sold at auction with satisfactory results. Since 1872 every sale of timber limits has been carried out under the auspices of the present Commissioner of Crown Lands. The area sold within these fourteen years is 2,907 square miles, for which the Ontario Government have received in round numbers, by way of bonus, the large amount of $1,160,000, an average rate of nearly S400 a square mile. For the same area of timber land' the Dominion Goverumeut have received, by way of bonus, only $14,53ff, or a nniform rate of five dollars a square mile. The diflference between these two sums represents what has goae into the pockets of speculators and of supporters of the Government at Ottawa." It is instructive to compare the sales above referred to with the sales of timber lands made by the Conservative Government of the Province of Quebec. Between October, 1873, and February, 1885, the Quebec Government sold 5,628 square miles, realizing by way of bonus the sum of $246,972, an average of only $43.88 per square mile, as compared with the $400 per mile realized by the Ontario Government. It is to be observed, as has been previously stated, that what was sold in Ontario was only the right to cut the pine timber upon the territory, and that the timber when cut will be subject to the ordinary timber duties mentioned above. In this way a large sum will be paid into the revenue annually as a result of the sales. No right or title whatever in the land was conveyed to tiie purchasers at the sales, and the licenses issued to them are strictly under the oontrol of the Legislature and the Department. d. Crown Lands Revenuk. The importance of this Department as a source of Provincial revenue, is seen from the following table of receipts during the years 1873-86 : (1) For deftUnga of the Doaunion Government in timber limit! in the diapated territory, see Appeo* iZ) Aasembly Joumal;« tur ltt73, p. 142. (3) See Appendix B. '^ 1878 $ 897.371 1874 624,a58 I 1876 638.892 ' 1876 584,446 1877 629,207 1878 860,384 1879 437,340 1880 616,311 ^**Sl 992,604 yt 1,095,162 1888 636,4+7 18H4 634029 1885 708,480 Th« average of the receipts lur the past thirteen jears, therefore, has been about $646,455 a year, and the table shows that though the revenue fluctuates it does not Btoadily decrease. The importance of the Department from this point of view demands that it should continue to be administered with the same business capa- city, and the same freedom from favouritism and corruption in the future as in the past. e. Prevention of Bush Fires. land* In order more efiectually to prevent the destruction of valuable forests by fires, and re stringently to enforce the provisions of the Act^ for their preserva- tion, a I Si of men were placed, in the summer of 1885, on the various tim- ber limi .^h, from the advance of settlement, or other causes, were exposed to danger from fire. Though these men were employed by the Department, the licensees selected them and paid one-half of the expenses. The 37 men employed under this arrangement were kept on duty from the first of May to the first of October. The effect of their presence was most beneficial. " Fires were suppressed which might otherwise have become vast contiagrations, causing incalculable loss. Persons wantonly violating the provisions of the " Fire Act " were promptly 'nought to justice and fined, and a general and strong interest in the direction of preventing the starting and spread of bush fires was created and kept alive."* The '•ost to tbf Pinvince was less than $4,000. sold in id that Intioned ly as a to Uie Ider the 18 seen f. Colonization Roads. In the absence of railways, these great highways are the only means by whi^l- intending settlers can have access to lands set apart for settlement. Without them the great Free Grant districts could never have been settled at all, and a large proportion of the revenue derived from the sale of Crown Lands would not have been realized. Even in localities traversed by railways they retain their useful- ness, for without them the railways themselves would be comparatively inaccessi- ble to the settlers. Some idea of the importance of this branch of the public service, and also of the rate at which it is expanding, may be obtained from the following table, the comparison being between the Sandfield Macdonald Adminis- tration (1867-71) and the Mowat Administration (1872-85):— Appea> (1) 41 Viot., Chap. 23 ; see above, p. 30. (f) Keport of Crown Lands CommiMioner for 1885, p. vU. 50 1867-71. Yearly Average 1872-86. Yearly Average. New roads built . . 213 miles 53 miles 2,508 miles 17& milM Roads repaired. . . MO " 110 " 5,02({ " 859 •• Bridges built . . . .2,672 feet 668 feet 20,330 feet 2,095 feet Expenditure . $178,000 $44,500 $1,504,898 $107,493 This expenditure of over a million and a half dollars is, of course, a return of surplus revenue to the people. A large part of the Provincial revenue is de- rived from the sale of Crown Lands, the sale of timber limits, and the receipt of timber duos ; and it is not merely a wise policy to use a portion of that revenue to develope the country, but a just policy to use it in alleviating the inevitable hard- ships of backvoods settlement and frontier life. 6. PROVINCIAL SECRETARY'S DEPAR'^MENT. The work of this Department, which has been efficiently presided over for the past nine years by the Hon. A. S. Hardy, is divided up into several branches : a. Provincial Secretary's Office. Through this branch all the official correspondence of the Province is con- ducted, all public notices are gazetted, all charters of incorporation are granted or amended, all proclamations are issued, and all appointments to office are announced. During ]88."» the nOmber of new subjects d?alt with was 3,490, in connection with which 5,282 letters were received and 4,938 sent out, besides a large number written about matters left undisposed of from the previous year. In dealing with the new subjects, 2,293 references were made to other Departments of the Gov- ernment, from which 1,655 reports were received and acted upon. The number of forms iasued under the Marriage Act was i7,738, one-half ot which were mar- riage licenses. Many other documents of different kinds were s'^nt out. Thirty- three proclamations and 445 appointments to office were gazetted, letters-patent were granted to 98 companies, 48 returns were presented to the Legislative Assembly, fees to the amount of $7,294 were received and accounted lor during the year, and a large amount of other business was transacted. The following statistics show how rapidly the business of this office is increasing : .Ml- 1871. 1885. Numberof fyles 1,264 3,490 Letters received 1,690 5,282 Letters sent. 1,280 4,938 References to other Departments 912 , 2,293 Reports from do. 470 1,655 Statutory returns received 68 2,050 b. PiioviNCiAL Reqistrars' Branch. In this Branch of tl e service are recorded and enteitd r11 commissions (includ- ii\g those fot license purposes), letters patent, bonds and covenants to whioh the HF es ob i93 I, return I is de- iceipt of ^enue to (le hard- over for •ranches : je is oon- ;ranted or onounced. ition with , number iling with the Gov- le number ere mar- Thirty- ers-patent Ugi^ative [for during following Ins (indud- whioh the 61 Province is a party, surveyors' certificates, warrants for removing and discharg- ing lunatics, election writs, letters of administration, and land patents. Each County Registrar of Deeds is supplied quarterly with a return of all the lands patented iu his district, containing descriptions of the land:i patented, names of patentees, and other information. The number of documents recorded and en- tered in 1885 was 2,032. c. Registrar-General's Branch. The Provincial Secretary is also Registrar-General of Vital Statistics, and this branch of the public service is thoroughly organized and in good working order. Tha statistics of births, marria;^es, and deaths in Ontario, as collected and reduced by this Department, are as trustworthy as those prepared fur any other country in the world, and the work is done at a very moderate cost. d. Inspection of Division Courts. The complaints of suitors about irregularities in the management of Division Court business by clerks and bailiffs, led to the appointment, in lh73, of an In- spector, whose duty is to see that the tariff of costs is properly observed, that all moneys collected are handed over to the proper parties, that executions are promptly enforced, and that the whole mae -inery of the Courts is kept in as efficient a condition as poo^sible, in the interests of suitors. Between amendments in the Division Court Law, and improvements in the management of Division Court business, matters have been put in a much more satisfactory condition, espe- cially as clerks and bailiffs are now directly responsible to the Provincial Govern- ment, which is in turn responsible to the public for the manner in which these officers discharge their duties. The annual reports of the Inspector of Division Courts show that many abuses of long standing, have during the past thiiteen years been removed, and that the irregularities are not merely ftwer in number but more venial in character than they formerly were. The following statistics* for 1885, give some idea of the importance of these institutions : — Number of Divisions 304 Suits entered 48.585 Claims entered $1,843,034 Moneys paid into Court S7i7,905 Moneys paid out of Court $706,545 Fees payable to the Province $2,962 e. Immigration. The policy pursued by the Ontario Government for many years past has been to promote the immigration of no working people but farm labourers and domestic servants, and to discourage the influx of ])eople from the cities and towns, whether they were median cs or ordinary unskilled labourers. All the farm labourers who came in the summer of 1885 found emplo^'ment without any delay, and the few domestic servants were far from supplying the demand. The sum spent on this service in 1885 was $19,008. The amount voted for 1886 was only $18,8()'). , (1) Lupeoton' R«port for 188.5, p. 3ft II 62 The cost, per head, of immigranfcR brought into and settled within th» Province has been reduced from 82.74 in 1880 to $1.36 in 1885. The following table» gives the number of immigrants settled in Ontario each year since Confed- eration, with the value of their effects as reported through the Customs : Number Value ot Settled. liJtfeota. 1868 10,873 Not reported. 1869 15,893 1870... 25,590 « 1871 25,842 1872 •28,129 1873 39,184.... 1874 31,720 1875 21,751 $328,236 1876 19,123 279,138 1877 17,879 305,662 1878 17,940 311,117 1879 28.827 244,C.18 1880 24,726 253,919 26,200 313,075 h. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. 34,206 603,032 40,494 533,295 33,494 405,770 21,052 389,138 Total. .461,923 $-1,873,000 The character of the immigrants secured under the present system, and the value of their personal effects, make it perfectly clear that the comparatively small amount now appropriated for immigration is well spent. f. Public and Chakitablh; Institutions. The " Public Institutions," maintained entirely at the cost of the Province, include (1) the Central Prison for men, the Mercer Reformatory for women, and the Reformatory for Boys at Penetanguishene ; (2) four lunatic Asylums — at To- ronto, London, Hamilton, and Kingston, — and an idiot asylum at Orillia ; (3) the Educational Institute for the Blind at Brantford, and for the Deaf and Dumb at Belleville. The Agricultural College has been transferred from this Department to that of Agriculture, and the School of Practical Science to that of Education. County jails, to the number of 37, and district lock-ups to the number of five, though not all maintained at the expense of the Province, are all under ofiicial supervision in connection with this branch of the service. The " Charitable Institutions," which are under the same supervision, include 15 hospitals, 19 houses of refuge, 24 oi-phan asylums, and five Magdalen asylums, (1) SeHBional Paper No. 60, of 1886, p. xvi. The! the -way \ ing self-f long-terL who hav] have beel The! *»inther fortunate] 1 wing ufed- (*!;• and the tratively Province, len, and -at To- 1; (3) tlie [Dumb at ^t to that of five, Lr official |n, include asylums. 63 •n of these being in receipt of Qovemment aid under the Charities Aci^ As the amount of aid given is in direct proportion to the work done, tibe supervision of the institutions must be of the most thorough kind. The total amount paid in 1885 to hon>ital8 and charitable institutions, ont of the Provincial Treasury, was 990,421. The amount voted for 1886 is $103,680- It is needless to repeat that all of this expenditure, as well as all of the expendi- ture for the erection and maintenance of the various public institutions, is per- fectly gratuitous on the part of the Province, that it relieves the municipalities of a burden which would otherwise have to be met by direct taxation, and that ii ^8 actually a repayment to the people of surplus revenue. Tearing up " Public Institutions " proper it is important to notice some pointo connected wiw their administration. 1. Reformatories. The theory, alike of the Central Prison, the Mercer Reformatory, and the Reformatory for Boys, is that mere punishment is not adequate as a treatment for criminals, and that something should be done to reform their characters and teach them useful occupations. This principle is carried so far in the case of the Re- formatory for Boys, that it is now virtually an industrial school, and the change of system has been attended by the most satisfactory results. It would be too much to expect a similar state of progress in the reformatories for adults. The convicts sent to them are in many cases hardened criminals, and their terms of confinement are too short to afford much opportunity for effecting a change of dispoeition. In the case of the Central Prison the evil has been aggravated by attacks, made for partisan purposes, on the management of the institution. The agitation thus kept up caused an amount of chronic demoralization, which greatly inter- fered with the effectiveness of the prison discipline, and led the convicts to believe that they had the sympathy of the public on their side as against the Warden (rf ^e Prison. The number of convicts sentenced to the Central Prison since it was opened for their reception, in 1874, is 7,524. The number committed to it during the year 1885 was 761. The number remaining in it at the close of the year was 360. The average length of convict's term, during the whole period since 1874, is about 6J raonths. The total expenditure for maintenance durjag 1885 was $68,677. The average daily cost per prisoner was 44^ cents, as compured with 51i cents in 1884. The labour of the prisoner^ is utilized so as to interfere as little as possible in the way of competition with free labour outside, and the Prison is rapidly becom- ing self-sustaining. It would sooner become entirely so if those sent to it were long-term prisoners, instead of being, as they are in many cases, ordinary vagrants, who have Tbeen driven by want to seek refuge in county jaila, from whi(£ they have been transferred to the Central Prison. .,Mt (9) Lunatic and ldl«»t A»ylums. The care of lunatics and idiots, when they belong to families able to main> tain them, cannot fairly be saddled on the general public ; but many of these un- fortunates are heavy burdens on people who cannot support them in decency, not (1) For daUili^ showing the relation of these InBtitutions to the raliKiotu denominatioiu^ see AppencUzI. to speak of comfort, or of the necessary medical treatment. Even well-to-do relft- tires of the insane cannot by any reasonable expenditure of money in their own localities, secure for them that expert care which is absolutely necessary to the recovery of those who are not incurably diseased. For this reason, Asylums for the Insane and for Idiots must be maintained either by the Province or by muni- cipalities, and it is much better that their maintenance should be undertaken by the former than by the latter. This secures greater efficiency at less cost, and distributes f he burden more evenly over the whole population. Moreover, so long as the patients are maintained, as they have hitherto been maintained, entirely out of the surplus revenues of the Province, the maintenance of asylums, like that of prisons and reformatories, is a means of relieving the municipalities from the burden of direct taxation. Unfortunately, the number of insane persons and idiots, for whom application for admission is each year made, has steadily increased for many years past, and has not yet begun to diminish. This renders necessary occasional increases of capital expenditure for accommodation, and similar increases in the annual outlay for maintenance. The following table shows the rate of in- crease in the number of patients in the Idiot Asylum at Orillia, and in the Insane Asylums at London, Toronto, Hamilton, and Kingston, all taken together : — rv.1 Average of resident Patients. 1877 1,819 1878 1,925 1879 2,054 1880 2,215 1881 2,354 1882 2,457 1883 2,580 1884 2,634 1885 2,708 Number re- maining at end of year. Percentage of Recoveries. Percentago of Deaths. 1,859 34-78 6-32 2,003 32-77 6-92 2,143 29 28 6-40 2,298 22-48 641 2,416 33-06 611 2,508 3225 6-76 2,594 33-52 6-31 2,671 3610 5-85 2,705 41-35 5-39 As the percentage of recoveries is steadily increasing — owing to the applica- tion of improved methods of treatment — while the death rate remains tolerably uniform, the obvious inference is that there must be a considerable increase in the number admitted. So long as this increase is kept up, just so long will the cost of public institutions he a heavy burden on the Provincial Treasury. The Inspec- tors Report for 1885 shows tliat, in spite of increased attendance, the aggregate expense was reduced by $23,575, as compared with that of 1884, the weekly cost per patient having been lowered from $2 55 to $2.38. Under the Private Asylums Act there has been established a " Retreat " at Guelph, with one branch for the treatment of the insane, and another for the treatment of inebriates. The number of the former admitted from its foundation to September, 1885, was 36, of whom 20 were still in the asylum at date. The corresponding numbers of the latter were 36 and 10. The development of private asylum accommodation for the treatment of paying patients may be made a means of lessening the amount required for the accommodation of patients in the public asylums, During the year 18S5 the cost of maintaining asylums, including salaries and wages, was S'Jfi4i,+46. The cost for each year since the advent of the Liberal party to power is shown in the following table ^ : — (1) See also Appendix J. fitr Total 008b 1872.. §187,719 1873 201,479 1874 214,308 1875 218,541 1876 241.3S1 1877 281,844 1878 270,103 1879 280,894 1880 297,895 1881 32:i,972 1882 3()8,6S3 1883 377,095 1884 388,021 1885 304,446 Mo. of PatienU. 1,461 1,505 1,599 1,650 1,812 1,999 2.149 2,325 2,521 2,650 2,742 2,825 2,906 2,934 (3) Educational Instllntos. The blind and the deaf and dumb have a claim on public sympathy and liberality hardly less strong than that of the insane. The educational training of child :en so afflicted must be conducted by experts, and it cannot be carried on to advantage unless they are separated from other children. Accordingly the Province has inaintained, for many years, two training establishments, (1) the Institute for the Blind at Brantford, and (2) the Institute for the Deaf and Dumb at Belle- ville, in each of which the pupils are lodged and boarded almost entirely at the public expense. The attendance during 1885 at the Institute for the Blind averaged 130. The pupils are trained in arithmetic, grammar, geography, reading, literature, writing, natural history and physiology, English and Canadian history, chemistry and music. They are also taught to earn their own living by means of piano-tun- ing, basket-making, sewing, and knitting, and are thus prevented from adding to the already too large roll of paupers, who look to their respective municipalities for Bupf)ort. The cost per pupil of maintaining the Institute for 1884 and L885 was $277.48 and $252.92 res[)ectively, showing a reduction per head of $24.66. The aggregate cost for each year since 1872 Is shown in the following table : — 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 20,913 1878 20,289 No. of PupiU Total Cost. on Roll. $ 7,523 34 21,260 59 22,53^ 113 23,061 139 24,034 148 147 174 1879 29,515 200 1880 ; 0.343 203 1881 30,034 200 1882 34,846..- 107 1883 33,737 160 1884 33,297 140 1885 33,386 160 Hie average attendance during 1885 at the Institute for the Deaf and Dumb was 233. The great aim of the school is to teach the pupils to read, with or with- -'f. out articulation, and to give them at the same time as good a general education us the time allowed — seven years — will admit of. They receive also a fair indus- trial training, being taught shoemaking, carpenter work, farming, tailoring, drew- making, machine-sewing, hand-sewing, and fancy work. Many of the pupils, when they leave, are quite able to earn their own living, and all of them are reatly improved. The cost per pupil in 1885 was $166.31, as compared with. 168.66 in 1884. The average cost per pupil in 35 similar institutions scattered over the United States was $248.23 in 1882, and $246.62 in 1883. The following table gives the aggregate cost of the Deaf and Dumb Institute for each year since 1872 :— I 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. No. of Pnpik ToUl Gort. on Roll. .$24,896 122 . 27,043 149 . 32,276 202 . 32,048 207 . 33,517 220 . 38,332 227 . 36,426 251 . 29,515 229 . 36,596 239 . 37,201 246 . 39,928 265 . 39,016 262 . 40,98« 247 . 38,749 235 (g.) THE LICENSE BRANCH. The regulation of the liquor traffic was in 1872, when the Mowat Govern- Ment took ofHce, a very subordinate appendage of the municipal system ; as the nasult of a long series of changes, it has become a very important branch of the Provincial Administration. Each step in bringing about this change has been taken in response to the clearly expressed public opinion of the community, whether the demand was for more stringent legislation, or for more effective enforcement of the prohibitory clauses of the license law. The great turning point in the history of this question was the passage of the " Crooks Act " in 1876, and the most striking result of this law was an immediate reduction in the number of licenses issued througout the Province. The following table gives the number of each kind of license issued from 1874 to 1884 inclusive^ :— .. > Whole- Ymt, Tavern. Shop. sale. Vessel. TotaL 1874 4,793 1,307 62 33 6.188 1875 4,459 1,257 78 24 6,818 1876 2,977 787 147 27 3,938 1877 2,845 739 65 27 3,676 1878 2,910 724 62 29 3,71i 1879 3,199 767 42 22 4,020 1880 3,227 760 4 22 4,04$ 1881 3,311 764 34 24 4,133 1882 3,317 787 35 24 4,168 1883 3,363 781 36 21 4,201 1884 3,253 675 28 14 3,97» (1) LioenM Report, Seasionsl Paper No. 12 of 1886, p. 16. ion M nduft- dreM- >upils, n are with, tiered owing I year -{•1 oTern- aa the of the M been Qunity, tfeotWe luming ct" in bion in kI from taL 85 18 38 76 IS 20 33 68 KOI 7a 57 It is a generally accei>ted dictum that the amount of intoxicating drink con- ■amed dimiuisheH as the number of places where it can be obtained decreaiaes. It will be seen from the above table that in the year 1876, in which the " Orooki Act" was passed, the -total number of licenses tell off 1,880 — of tavern licenaes, 1,482 ; and of shop licenses, 470. In other words, the reduction of number WM in the two classes of licenses against which the efforts of temperance reformers have always been most energetically directed. The average nam' er of licenses for the two years before the " Crooks Act " came in force was 6,000 a year ; the average for the succeeding nine years was 3,985 a year, a permanent average re- daction of over 2,000 a year. This comparison is not materially affected by the operation of the Scott Act, which came into force in 1885 and 1886 in the great majority of counties which adopted it. The reduction in the number of licenses may be carried on indefinitely, under the Crooks Act, by municipal action, or by bringing public opinion to bear directly on the Boards of License Commissioners, and there is every reason to believe that the tendency in this direction would have increased, had the adoption of the Scott Act not abolished licenses over » large part of the Province. Equally noticeable with the falling off in the number of licenses issued under the Crooks Act, is the increase of revenue derived from them. One of ths provisions of that Act was, that part of this revenue should go to the Provinoe, and the remainder to the municipalities, the former assuming, and the latter being freed from, the burden and cost of enforcing the law against illicit selling. Ths following table shows the amount of revenue accruing to the Province and t« tiM municipalities respectively, from 1876 to 1885 inclusive: — Municipal Revenas, Provindal BevmMk 1876 $226,770 $85,258 1877 249,167 78,821 1878 229,903 75,530 1879 269,647 85,220 1880 271,575 91,208 1881 258,945 91,604 1882 284,380 9?,3tiO 1883 287,246 96,460 1884 283,540 211,354 1885 ' 162,330 The revenue obtained by the municipalities from the liquor traffic, under lb* Crooks Act, is not only much greater than they obtained before the enactment of that law, but much greater than they would have been receiving now had it not been enacted. In many counties this source of revenue has been cut off by ths adoption of the Scott Act, but this is a matter that rests entirely with the peopls of each locality, and they must be left to judge for themselves. Those munici- palities which are not under the operation of the Scott Act, of course enjoy the revenue as before. Owing to statutory increases in the amount of the license fees, all of which go to increase the share of the revenue falling to the Province, there has been only a temporary loss on that side, notwithstanding the adoptiom of the Scott Act, for the increases made in 1886^ will raise the FroTinoi«l revenue from licenses again to $200,000, or over*. 6. PROVINCIAL TREASURER'S DEPARTMENT. The Treasury Department proper, including the Audit Office, has entrusted t* it die keeping of the accounts of the Province. As no charge of either corruptio ■ liySM p. W ftbora. (2) Tre»<9urer's Financial Statement for 1886, pp. 34-28. I BT^ 68 or tneffieiency has ever been made against this branch of the public service, under either the present Treasurer, Hon. A. M. Ross, or his predecessors, it is unnecessary to refer to it at any length, especially as much of what might be said would have to be repeated under the head of " Financial Administration " below. Neither is it necessary to say more than has been already said' about the onsti- tution and workin.; of the Provincial Board of iJealth, which is a branch of the Treasurer's Department, The remaining branch of the Department is that devoted to / Agriculluro and Artfi. The importance of this branch has been increasing year by year. Some idea of its scope ani constitution mxy ba gathered from the acount given above* of the legislation respecting " Industi'ial Statistics," " Agriculture and Arts," and the " Agricultural College," but a brief description of its practical worlf ing will make this still clearer, and this may be given under the following heads : — Xitil' (a) Affiliated Societies. Host important amongst these is the Provincial Agricultural Association, which receives a grant of $10,000 each year from the Provincial Treasury, and which does a vast amount of good by its efforts to promote improvement in methods of farming, in the quality of farm stock, in the making of dairy products, in the raising of fruit and garden vegetables, and in manufactures of all kinds, including machinery, agricultural implements, musical instruments, vehicles, stoves, needle- work, etc. The Annual Provincial Exhibition of agricultural and manufactured goods is held under the management of this Association, and as it is not confined to any one city, the different localities of the Province in turn enjoy its benefits. In addition to holding the Exhibition the Association gives prizes annually for the best-kept farms in different districts, a species of competition which, though it has been only a few years in foi'ce, has already accomplished a great deal of good. The reports published under the direction of the Association are of great practical utility as mediums of information. The Electoral District, Township, and Horticultural Societies, of which there are several in each county, receive grants from the Provincial Treasury, amount- ing in the aggregate to 800,008 a year. Each of these in its own locality aims at accomplishing objects similar to those kept in view by the Provincial Association, and collectively they exercise a most important influence on the development of the great agricultural industry. The total grant to these local societies has steadily increased from $53,721 in 1871 to $00,097 in 1885, the total amount granted during that period being $872,064,'' all of which is surplus revenue returned to the people. Good work in the way of mutual conference, and the dissemination of useful in- formation, is done each year by the Fruit-Growers' Association, the Entomologi- cal Society, the Dairymen's Associations, the Poultry Association, the Bee-keepers' Association, and the Creameries Association, all of which are operated in close connection with the Agriculture and Arts Branch. The annual reports of these diflferent bodies are published at the expense of the Province, and the ir ''>rma- tion they contain on the subjects treated of is of the most practical and useful kind. Only by a careful attention to the peculiar climatic condition of the Pro- vinces can the various industries represented by these societies be successfully car- ried on, and it is the policy of the Department to make them as useful as possible in conducting experiments, comparing notes, and educating the public. (1) See abov e, pp. 2^-23. (2) See pp. 27-29. (3) For details see Appendix V. / .* of and will .1 69 (6) AgrmUtural and Indv^trial Statistio9. A brief account of the establishment in 1882 of the Bureau of Industries is given above*. Under the manaifcment of Mr. A. Blue, Assistant Commissioner of Agriculture, it has already won tor itself a prominent place amongst the statistical bureaus of this continent, being second to none in the trustworthiness of its reports, and scarcely less distingushed for the minuteness and variety of the in- formation it collects and publishes. This information relates largely to agricultural operations, but is by no means confined to them. The Bureau deals with mining, lumbering, and other staple industries, and not merely shows how this country ia progressing, but enables comparisons to be made between it and other countries in regard to rate of progress. It publishes reports dui-ing the summer season of the state of the crops of all kinds. Recognizing the growing importance of the labour movement, it publishes information, carefully collected and arranged as to the amount of demand for labour in the various occupations of the people, and the relation borne by the eaniingo of the labourer to the cost of living. The various natural resources of the Province are from time to time described, and information is given as to the means employed for their development. Useful as the Burean has already proved itself to be, it has only begun to show how bineficial its operations may become, as increased experience and changing conditions of social and industrial life suggest new spheres of investigation. (c) The Agricultural College and Model Farm. After running the gauntlet of hostile criticismfor years, this dual institution has succeeded in securing for itself an assured position in the good opinion of 'the farm- ing community. It is the one institution maintained at the expense of the Pro- vince which farmers can look upon as their own, and the growing interest taken year by year in its working augurs well for its future career. The charter enacted for the institution in 1880^ makes it the business of the College and Farm to give a theoretical and practical education in agriculture and such allied pursuits as horticulture, forestry, stock-raising, etc., besides a training in the ordinary English branches and in applied science. The College under its late and present Principals' has admirably fulfilled this purpose. Men of liberal culture and pedagogical experience themselves, they have donb much to inspire in the minds of successive classes of students a love of and enthusiasm for the agricultural calling. They have been aided by able colleagues, and it is generally admitted that in no Agricultural College in the world are there better opportunities than in this for acquiring a good general and agricultural training. The Farm* attached to the College is the scene of extensive practical opera- tions, in which the students take part. It thus performs an important educational work, but its functions are not limited to this. Each year a number of interest- ing and most instructive experiments, some of them of a very elalx)rate character, are carried on, and the results are carefully compiled and published for the in- formation of the farming community. In this way are tested conflicting theories as to the value of different agricultural processes, of different breeds of live stock, and of different kinds of gi"ain, roots, fruits, and trees. No private citizen could afford to conduct experiments on so considerable a scale, and even if he could no one would incur the cost of disseminating the information gratis to the community. The usefulness of the institution has been greatly increased during the pant year by the holding of farmers' institutes in various parts of the Province. These (1) Pp.27-28 (2) See above, p. 29. (3) W. Johnston, M. A., and J. Mills, M. A. (4) Under the management of Mr. William Brown. IFF 60 are attended by the different members of the College and Farm staff, who rMtd papers on appropriate subjects and tttke part with practical aericultunsts in the discussion of topics relating to their work. Like the teachers institutes, which have done so much for the improvement of pedagogical methods, these farmers' institutes seem destined to bring within the reach of all who choos^e to attend them the ripest fruits at once of scientific research and of practical skill B. FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION. The financial policy of the Mowat Qovernment has been characterized by Um moflt careful economy in all Provincial expenditures that are under administra- tive control, and by a liberal expenditure of surplus revenue for local services of various kinds, which, but for the relief thus afforded, would have greatly increased the burden of municipal taxation. The absolutely necessary expense of carrying on the Government of the Province absorbs a comparatively small part of the Pro- vincial revenue ; it has been the policy of the Mowat Government to return the rest of it annually to the people, instead of hoarding it up as an addition to the large surplus already in the Provincial Treasury. That this policy of surplus dis- tribution had once the approval of Mr. Meredith is shown Tby the following ex- tract from one of the first speeches made by him after he assumed the leadership of the Opposition^ : — " One question upon which it was incumbent that they should submit a policy irM that of the disposition of the large surplus which the honourable memberfor Elgin said was at the disposal of the Province. In not indicating their intentions with reference to ihe surplus of 44 millions which they claimed to have in hand they were certainly untrue to their duty and unworthy of contidenoe." If his subsequent utterances and actions have not always been in harmony with this expression of his views it is his place, not that of his opponents, to reconcile them. When the Liberal party came into office in 1871 there were two courses open to them in dealing with that portion of the annual revenue which is in excess, of the sum absolutely required for the public service of the Province — that is to say, for Civil Government, Legislation, and Administration of Justice. They might have adopted a policy of hoarding up the annual surpluses and allowing them te accumulate in tne Treasury, throwing upon the people the whole cost of educa- tion, of the local administration of justice, of the maintainance of convicts and luna- tics, of the relief of the poor and the diseased, and of the construction and mainte nanoe of colonization roads.* Had they done this they might now have been able to show a total surplus of nearly thirty millions of dollars, for the accumulated sum would have been itself a source of steadily increasing revenue. They preferred to take the alternative course of relieving the burden of municipal taxation, by ex- pending not merely the surplus revenue of each year as it accrued, but also a large part of the accumulated surplus which they were called upon to deal with when they took upon themselves the task of administering the affairs of the Province. The unfairness of treating this distribution of surplus as if it were an expendi- ture of revenue for the purpose of carrying on the Government of the Province is apparent. The absolutely necessary public service of the Province could have been carried on efficiently ever since 1871 at a cost of between $600,000 and $700,000 a year. As the annual revenue of the Province averages over two and a half millions ($2,500,000), it follows that the amount paid out yearly in relief of local burdens has been not much less than $1,900,000. See the debat« on the Address reported in the Toronto Mail of the Uth Jannary, 187!>, For details of expenditure on these and other services see Appendix G. 61 This atatemont shows the absurdity and dishonesty of the argument that the " growing annual expenditure of the Province must soon lead to direct taxa- tion." There is direct taxation now. The people tax themselves heavily through the municipal machinery for local public works, and other pui^poses. Had the policy of distributing nearly two millions of surplus revenue each year not been steadily pursued, they would have been compelled either to tax themselves much more heavily, or to do without many of the conveniences they now enjoy — perhaps both. Liberal expenditure of Provincial retfenue has not hastened, bwt postponed, direct taxation of a very htirdensome kind. AVhatever the policy of the Opposition may be, that of the Mowat Govern- ment is to continue the expenditure of surplus revenue so that the present gene- ration of taxpayers may enjoy their share of the relief afforded. In his financial statement during the session of 1880, the Provincial Treasurer, after announcing that the estimate of revenue for the year was less than the estimate of expendi- ture by about $400,000, thus defined the policy of the Government on this quee- tion^ : "I pointed ont to the House that it la impossible for the OoTernment to meet the growing WRnta of the Province upon a stationary revenue. There are several means by which, when a deficiency occurs, that detioieiicy may be met. One may be to seeic new sources of income opea to us under the Confederation Act. Another might be to reduce the annual charge on revenue by withholding the grants which we now make to many deserving undertakings, or by transfer- ring to the municipalities a portion of our expenditure in oonnecdon with public institutiona. The hon. member for London, the leader of the Opposition, sugijested that as one plan which k* thought ought to be adopted. In a former debate he thought the Qovemment should shift a part of the responsibility for the maintenance of Innatica, etc., upon the municipalities. There ia do doubt that Ontario deals much more liberally in regard to this than any other country we know of. I have formerly referred to the practice, both in Great Britain and the United State*. They charge the municipalities with a large portion of the expense of the maintenance of theae unfortunates in the asylums. In the Province of Quebec they have of late years adopted this principle, and they now charge one-half to the municipalities from which they come. In the Lower Provinces this has been the practice for years, and not only as regards maintenance, but alio a portion of the expenditure in the construction of the buildings. Then there is a third oonrse which mi^ht be taken by the Qovemment to meet ohis deficiency, and that is to draw upon the surplus that we have on hand. That is the couise which the Government propose to take on this occasion. (Hear, hear.) We do not consider that it would be advisable, at the present ime, to shift any respoasibility upon the municipalities, as we have a reserve fund on "iiand trom which we can take the excess of expenditure." There can be no mistake as to the respective policies of the Government and the Opposition with regard to the disposition of th j surplus. Wliils the Opposi- tion would reduce the amount spent each year in the way of surplus distribution, and compel the municipalities to tax themselves to meet the charges thus thrown upon them, the Government, while exercising the utmost care to prevent needleae expenditure, declare their intention to draw still further on the already accumu- lated surplus rather than try to relieve the Province at the expense of the muni- cipalities. These sharply contrasted policies of surplus hoarding and surplus distribu- tion are placed before the electors for their approval. What shall the decision be? What remains to be said on the subject of *' financial administration" may be conveniently arranged under these heads : (1) the Surplus, {'l) the Annual Expenditure, and (3) Comparisons with Quebec and the Dominion. 1. The SnrpluB. When the Liberal party came into office in 1871 they found in the Treasury an accumulated surplus of cash and trust funds, amounting to nearly seven millions of dollars ($7,000,000). 2 (1) Fag«8 2U-3(>. (2) Speech of Provincial Tieasurer, Hon. E. B. Wood, 7th February, 1871. 62 By an Act paased the previous session a million and s half of doHan ($1,600,000) ha2 103.335 2,243,003 150,.')37 2.2^6.304 460.467 2,427,-230 453,220 2,548,171 108.230 2,870.035 346,161 2.093,526 3,894 Assets of the Province. 1. Dircot Investmenta ; Dominion 6 per cent. Bonds $600,000 00 Market value over par value 60,U00 00 $560,000 00 (1» See above, pp. 36-37. (2) See Appendix C. (3) See above, pp. 37-39 for an account of thia legiRUtioD. and a statement of the local servioes ok which >ur, 1886 |238,740 80 Tile DrkiiiKge 6 per cent Dobenturee, invested 31st De- cember, 1885 34.fl60 30 Overdue iiiturcst on sbnve .... 3,313 34 Draiuage wurk — Municipal Assessment*. 260,7uO 48 637.434 97 |1 ,087,434 97 3. Capital held and Debts due by the Dominion to Ontario bearing interest : U. C. Grammar Sohool Fund (2 Via, cap. 10) • 31'2.76{> 04 U. 0. Building Fund (18 spotion. Act 1854) 1,47'2,3«1 41 Land Improvemunt Fund (See Award) 124,086 18 Common School Fund (Consolidated Statutes, cap. 20)— proceeds realized to 1st July, 1807, f l,620,- 020.24 — after deducting Land Improvement Fund portion belonging to Ontario 801,201 74 Capital declared owing to the late Province of Canrda by Dominion Act (47 Via, cap. 4; — $6,307,- 603. 1 3, bearing interest at 6 per cent. , Ontario's proportion on basis of Award as advised by Finance Department 2,848,289 62 Ontario's share of Library (See Award) 105,641 00 t6,764,8n 88 Other Debts due to the Province : Balance re Municipal Loan Fund debta |40,801 32 " re Mortgaflrea, Muchanios' Institute, Toronto, and Land at Orillia Asylum 7,006 08 Balance re Mimico Lots 6,006 25 4. Bank Balances : Current Accounts |166,315 06 Special Deposits 71 ,579 75 64,792 «B 9227,894 80 Total f7,135,000 31 Liabilitiea of the Province at Present Payable, 1. Balance due to Mun'oipalities re Surplus Distribution f 1,846 9T 2. Balance due to Municipalities re Land Improvement Fund (balance of 9124,683.18— see Award). dk Quebec's share of Common School Fund, made up as follows ; Collections on account of Lands sold be- ^en Hth June, 1853, and 6th March, . -1 9864,872 20 Less per cent, cost of Manage- IT -.t 9 51,292 33 Less quarter for Land Im- provement Fund 213,71 8 06 266,010 38 ■ 9689,861 83 3,994 81 Ck>llection8 on sales made sinoe 0th March, 1861 9306,824 68 Leas 6 per cent, cos -f Management 18,319 47 287,006 11 9876,866 93 Quebec's Proportion according to popnktion of 1881 363,069 24 Total 9368,910 03 Surplus (excess of Assets oyer Liabilities) . . $6,7€<,090 00 M Owing to a Tariety of oatues the suiplus in the treasury fluctuates fr to VMur, but a gluioe at the following table will show that there ia no likeli^Md •f ite being speedily wiped out : — Ywff. Surpliw. 1873 $4,832,294 1874 ♦ 6,756,352 1875 5,096,876 1876 4,«73,203 1877 4,752,798 1878 4.430,993 1879 4,309,027 1880 4,220,088 1881 4,609,591 1882 4,825,586 1883 4,384,241 1884 6,869,666 1885 6,766,090 While the presence of this large surplus in the Treasun^ is no reason for reck- less or useless expenditure, it is a reason for not adopting the policy of increasing the burden of direct taxation by throwing on the municipalities the cost of any of the services of which the Province at present relieves them by means of grants for education ; for administration of justice ; for agricultural societies and mecha- nics' institutes ; for the maintenance of convicts and lunatics ; in aid of charitable inatitutious, etc., etc. 9. The Annaal Fxpendltare. The expendit ire of the Province, under the Supply Bill, is incurred under the heads given in the subjoined table, which shows the total amounts spent on tbe various services in 1886 : — -^ Service. Expenditure. Civil Government ^184,254 70 Legislation 126,762 04 Administration of Justioe 354,923 35 Educition 533,504 46 Public Institutions' Maintenance 613,570 89 Immigration 19,C»88 11 Agriculture and Arts 159,676 45 Hospitalu and Charities 96,421 28 Repairs and Maintenunoe, Public Buildings 62,601 54 Public Buildings 155,720 29 Publ'jWorks 38,690 80 Colonization Roads 121,435 32 ' Charges OP Crown Lands 96, f 73 OS UcfKi^ds.. 31,023 41 MiacellaneouB 100,320 18 $2,693,526 90 It is made a- charge against the Mowat Government that some of these items of expenditure are larger now than they were under the Sandfield-Macdonald Government in 1871. Bearing in min'^ that "incren'^cd exptjuditure " in lome eases means really " increasp'' paymentjs out of surrjlus revenue to ke^p down local taxation," it is instructive to compare certain icems of expenditure in 1871 with the same items in 1885. In the following table the ))ayi:.ents under the head of " Administration of Justice " include only iho amounts handeu over directly to County Vrea-'^n.rers to pay part of the expenses of h<^ldinff courts in the c'lfferent localities; the payments under the heads of " Education, " Agricult'^** a«d ^rts," and " Hospitals and Charities," are also direct grants : — Nl 65 tnmftm iik«mMo4 I for reck- increasiag )st of any of grants id mecha- sharitable Ted under i spent on ese items aodonald in lome dt) down in 1871 nder the leu over is in the ricult'irti S«rrioe. 1871. 1885. Increase. Education $351,306 $593,564 fi242,258 Agriculture and Arts 73,381 159,596 86,215 Hospitals and Charities 40,260 96,421 56,161 Public i^avlums 171,423 613,570 442,147 Adiuinistration of Justice. . . 104,049 151,757 47,706 Colonization Roads 55,4,19 121,435 66,016 Total $795,838 $1,736,343 $940,503 The following table shows thi» total amount of the increased grants for the same services under the Mowat Administration, as compared with what they would have been if no increase had taken place : — Total for 14 yean Total of actual Total increase Service. 1871. at the rate of 1871. grantH for 14 yean. in 14 years. Education .$351.:}06 $4,918,284 $7,lia,815 $2,273,531 Agriculture and Arts 76,381 1,069,3'}4 1,582,911 513,-577 Hospitals and charities.... 40,260 563,640 954,787 391,147 Asylums 171,423 2,379,922 6,372,986 3,993,064 Administration of Justice.. 104,049 1,456,686 2,004,074 547,388 Colonization Roads 55,419 776,736 1,514,916 739,180 $798,838 $11,163,602 $19,621,489 $8,457,887 By reference to the appended table of annual expenditures , it will be seen thai/ the chief part of the increase in the expenditure is due to increased pay- ments that are really part of a regular distribution of surplus revenue, and to the creation of new services which come under the some description. Amongst the latter may be specified the School of Practical Science, luspection of Divi- sion Courts, the Agricultural College, the Central Prison, the Niag-ara Falls Police, short-hand reporting in the Courts, Revision of Voters' Lists by County Judges, County Model Schools, the License Branch, the Mercer Reformatory, the Board of Health, the Bureau of Industries, Inspection of Judicial Offices, Farmers' Insti- tutes and others, all of which have been 35; (1) Toreduce the sum a|)propriated for sessional clerks by $5,000; (2) to reduce the vote for immigration jvjrposes by $9,1)00 ; (3) to strike out the sum of $10,000 appropriated to pay the costs of Mr. Caldwell in maintaining the public interest against Mr. McLaren in the Mississippi River. In 1886 : To strike out the sum of $1,400 appropriated to pay the costs of the Returning Officer in East Simcoe. The following table shows the amount granted for the public service each year under the Supi)ly Bill and also the amount by which the Opposition asked to have in reduced : (1; !?•« Appendix I. 66 ft; ' i Iti' •; Amount of Supply, Amount objected to. 1884 S2,891,652 8 2,750 1885 2,937,882 24,900 1886 3,136,651 1,400 Totals $8,966,085 $29,050 In other words, out of a total proposed appropriation in three years of $§,066,089 the Opposition objected to only $30,050, or a little over three mills in the dollar. It would be easy to show, were it worth while, that even the expenditures objected to are quite defensible, and that the Opposition to them was in each case factious. The two items of annual expenditure on which most stress is laid by Oppo- sition critics are " Civil Government " and " Legislation." As the Treasurer has over and over again explained in his financial state- ments, the increase in the cost of " Legislation " is due chiefly to the increased outlay for Sessional Writers, Printing and Stationery, and this again is due to the increased number and volume of returns ordered by the Assembly and printed in Sessional Papers. It is needless to say that for this increased cost the members of the Opposition are quite as responsible as the members of the Government and their supporters. The inci'eased cost of Civil Government is due almost entirely to increase of work to be done. New branches of the public service have been established from time to time, and the work of all the Departments has increased enormously during the past fourteen years. 3. Comparisons with Quebec and tlio Dokninlon. The following table shows the rate at which the cost of civil government and legislation increased in Ontario, Quebec, and the Dominion, respectively, from 1873 to 1885, inclusive : Civil Govemmen^. 1873. 1885. Increase. Percentage. Ontario $175,914 » $184,254 $8,340 5 Quebec 185,106 187,874 52,718 40 Dominion 750,874 1,139,495 388,621 61 Legislation. Ontario 119,650 125,672 6,112 6 Quebec 168,569 185,217 21,626 13 Dominion 329,343': 649,538 120,195 21 The following compr.rison of certain items of annual expenditure in Ontario with the same items in Quebec in 1885 is, veiy instructive. The first table in- cludes the sums spent ia carrying on the jublic service of the Province, and in these it will be seen tho expenditure of Quebec is higher than that of Ontario, though the population is less. The second table includes appropriations that are ir' '.nded to lessen the burden of local taxat.ou, and in these Ontario is the more 111 cl. (1) Including " Salaries and Expenses of the Education Departroont," charged in the Public Accounts of 1P73 to " Education," but now charged to "Civil Goveriment." (2) Exclusive of the cost of the General Election in 1872 . 67 TABLE I. SerTicfi. Quebec. Civil Government $187,874 Legislation 185,217 Administration of Justice 377,575 Public Works and Build- dinga 298,705 Ontario, Except) in Quebec S184.254 $ 3.620 125,762 59,455 354,923 22,652 257,011 41,694 TABLE II. Service. Quebec. Prisons and Asylums $282,500 Education 347,885 Agriculture and Arts .... 81,880 Colonization Roads 80,000 Hospitals and charities.... 70,561 To make still clearer, if possible, the economy with which the finances of Ontario have been managed during the Mowat Administration, look at the sum^ voted under the Supply Bills of Ontario, Quebec and the Dominion in the years 1873 and 1875 respectively: — Ontario. Excess in Ontario S613,570 8331,070 533,564 185,679 l-)9,576 77,696 121,435 41,435 96,421 25,860 1873. 1885. |noi-eaf Percentage Ontario . . . . ...S2,460,212 S2,693,525 8233,313 9 Quebec .... ... 1,713,750 3,155,652 1,423,902 83 Dominion . . ..19,174,648 35,037,084 15,037,084 82 Lastly, Quebec started with a clean sheet in 1867, and she has since piled up a net debt of $8,815,430. Ontario, liberal as her expenditures have been, out of surplus revenues, has accumulated in the same time a surplus of $0,766,090— a difiference of $15,5§l,ftaO. III. MISGELUNEOUS. L THE REASONS FOR AN EARLY DISSOLUTION. Ontario jle in- lin itario, |iat are more Lccounts In the ordinary course, the Ontario Parliament elected in 1883 should have expired by efflux of time in 1887. The cause of its premature dissolution by the Lieutenant-Governor was the pavssage of the " Franchise and Representation Act, 1885," by which the number of persons entitled to vote was indefinitely but greatly increased,^ and the distribution of seats extensively re-adjusted.* It has long been accepted as a maxim under the British system of Parliamentary Gov- ernment that when a Parliament greatly enlarges the constituency of voters by lowering the franchise, it thereby forfeits its right to regard itself as correctly voicing or representing public opinion on the political questions of the day. This is an eminently reasonable view of the relation of Parliament to the people, and as such it has been invariably accepted and acted upon for many years past in Great Britain and Canada. The rule or principle applicable to the present disso- (1) For qualification of electors under the Act of 1885 (48 Vic, chap, 2), see above, p. 6. (2) For a summary of the changes see above, pp. 10-13. 68 If I 1>: .( lution is thus defined by the late Alpheus Todd , who is an accepted authority on points of constitutional practice on both sides of the Atlantic : " After the passing of the Reform Act of 1867, whereby the area of repre- sentation was considerably enlarged, it was objected, with great force, that no legislation involving new and important principles ought to be undertaken by the existing Parliament. Under such circumstances, to permit a Parliament elected by the old, extinct, and uprooted constituency to go on making laws, dealing with taxation and the ;,overnment of the country, would, it was urged, be quite incon- sistent with sound constitutional principles." a. British Precedents and Authorities. The recent constitutional history of England furnishes the following prece- dents and authorities : 1. The Reform Bill of 1633. Sir Robert Peei, in the debate in the House of Commons on the Lords' amendments to the Bill, said" : — " As the present was a self-condemned Parliament, it was not likely that it would ever again meet for the transaction of public business ; and, as soon as the preparatory measures were completed, a dissolution would follow as a matter of course." Parliament was prorogued on the 16th of August, 1832; the registers of vo- ters were revised ; Parliament was dissolved on the Srd of December ; and the elec- tions were completed early in 1833. There had been a dissolution in 1830 and another in 1831. a. The Reform Bill of 1866. Sir Hugh Cairns, in the debate in the House of Commons on the second read- ing of the Bill, said -.^ — " I want to know, if it is consistent with sound constitutional principles that a Parliament elected by one constituent body — which constituent body has lost its powei', and is so wholly altered that it may be absolutely undistinguish- able — that such a Parliament, its moral power and influence being ended, should go on and deal with the taxation and government of the country ? Do yon think the country at large would be satisfied with a Parliament which had already proclaimed that it had not been elected by the constituency which ought to elect members of Parliament ?" the Rel to 1 res( wai con Chi 18C Iris in a plet oth( stan eral fidei tuni exer ernn the: passj tion. it Wi parti as s( bear 3. The Di8§olutios of 1§6§. Lord Stanley, in the course of a debate, in 18(J8, on the Irish Church ques- tion, speaking of the Disraeli Reform Bill, passed the year before, said* : — " We all know that after the legislative changes of hist year, it is simply im- possible, according to all constitutional rule, that the present Parliament can con- tinue in existence any longer than is necessary to complete the arrangements for creating new voters. You, therefore — the present Parliament — will never have this question to deal with. It must be dealt with in a new Pai'liament, elected by a new and greatly increased constituency." Mr. Disraeli, a few days later, in announcing to the House of Commons that he had advised a dissolution, remarked that Lord Derby would have asked for one at once after the passing of the Reform Bill of 1867, " but was prevented because (1) Parliamentary Governineiit in England, vol, 2, pp. 407-8. ('i) Hansard, 3rd sei-ieH, vol. 13, p. 428. (3> Hansard, 3rd series, vol. 182, pp. 1432-3. (4) HanH&i-d, 3rd aeries, vol. 191, p. 501. creas thef whicl John that 1 Clerg quest legisli (1) (2) (3) 69 jrity on f repre- that no a by the i elected ng with e incon- y prece- e Lords' y that it 3n as the natter of "s of vo- the elec- 1830 and jnd read- pies that has lost tinguish- d, should oil think I already t to elect rch ques- nply im- can con- tnenta for have this ed by a ions that d for one d because there were certain supplementary measures, connected with the settlement of the Reform question, which it was impossible to pass that yeai." The reference was to representation and registration bills. Mr. Gladstone protested against an immediate dissolution on the Irish Church resolutions, seeing that another dissolution must take place a few months after- wards, when the above bills were passed. Eventually it was agreed to drop all contested measures, pass the election bills, and allow the appeal on the Irish Church question to be made to the new constituency created by the Reform Bill of 1867. • SirErskine May - justifies Disraeli's resolve to appeal to the people on the Irish Church question, but asserts that an immediate dissolution, to be followed in a few months by another, when the " measures of enfranchisement " were com- plete, would have been an " idle and mischievous disturbance of the country." 4. The Reform Bill of 1§§5. Mr. Gladstone, in the course of a discussion on this measure, said among other things '^ : — " Those who have examined the subject, and who are aware of the large under- standing into which we have entered, know that we are bound, not only by gen- eral principles but by principles and convictions which have been expressed in con- fidence, to give this new vast constituency about to be added to the old an oppor- tunity, at the first moment we can under the arrangements we are making, of exercising the franchise which has been conferred upon them." Before the necessary Representation Bill could be passed Gladstone's Gov- ernment was defeated, and the Salisbury Government, though in a minority in the House of Commons, was allowed to carry on the public business pending the passage of the bills necessary to complete the preparations for the general elec- tion. All parties were agreed that, though Parliament had not fulfilled its term, it was proper to dissolve it and appeal to the enlarged voting constituency. B. Canadian Precedents and Authorities. The view taken of this matter in England has always been accepted by all parties in Canada — that a self -condemned Parliament should surrender up its life as soon as possible after passing sentence on itself. The following authorities bear out this statement : — 1. The Franctal§e Actofl§53. In the session of 1853, the Canadian Parliament passed two Acts, one* in- creasing the membership of the Assembly from 84- to 130, the other' extending the franchise and providing a new system of registration. Mr. (now Sir) John A. Macdonald, in the debate on the Franchise Bill, said : " Look at the Reform Bill in England. That was passed by a Parliament which had been elected only one year before, and the moment it was passed Lord John Russell affirmed that the House could not continue after it had declared that the country was not properly represented. How can we legislate on the Clergy Reserves until another House is assembled, if this bill passes ? A great question like this cannot be left to be decided by an accidental majority. We can legislate on no great question after we have ourselves declared that we do not re- 1) Hansard, 3rd series, /ol. 191, pp. 1695-1704, 1711-1714, 1795. 2) Constitutional History of iiajjlnnd, vol. 3, pp. 446. '3) Hansard, 3rd series, vol. 298, pp. 370-370. (4) 16 Vict., Chai.. i52. (.")) 16 Vict., Chap. 153. 70 present the country. Do those gentlemen opposite mean to say that they will legislate on a question affecting the rights of people yet unborn, with the fag-end of a Parliament, dishonoured by its own confessions of incapasity ?" Sir Allan McNab, during the debate on the Representation Bill in the same session, uttered similar opinions^: — " He stated it as his opinion that if a majority of the House should declare to Her Majesty's Government that this Province was not properly represented, and this bill passes, the House must be dissolved He could not un- derstand that if three-fourths of the Provincial Assembly should declare to Her Majesty's Government that this Province was not properly represented, and the bill passes through both Houses of Parliament, they were to remain in the same situation. It would be desirable, immediately the bill passed, to dissolve Parlia- ment." In these views the Governor-General, Lord Elgin, and his then advisers — the Hincks-Morin Ministry — concurred,* their intention being " that the then sub- sisting Parliament should be allowed to meet again (i.e. in 1854) for the purpose of legislating on this and other necessary matters preparatory to a dissolution, after which the opinion of tlie Legislature, as constituted under the Representation and Franchise Acts, might be taken on those important questions, the settlement of which was anxiously desired by the people of the Province." 3, The Canadian Redistribution Aet of 18§9. In the session of 1882 of the Dominion Parliament, the representation of Ontario in the House of Commons was extensively readjusted. At the close of that session Sir John Macdonald's Government put into the Governor-General's Speech from the Throne, the following paragraphs : — " I heartily congratulate you on the rapid and successful development of our manufacturing, agricultural, and other industries. " I am, however, advised that their progress would have been still greater, were it not that capitalists hesitate to embark their means in undertakings which would be injured, if not destroyed, by a change in the trade and fiscal policy adopted in 1879. " In order, therefore, to give the people.without further delay, an opportunity of expressing their deliberate opinion on this policy, and at the same time to bring into operation the measure for the readjustment of the representation in the House of Commons, it is my intention to cause this Parliament to be dissolved at an early tlay." The Parliament dissolved in 1882 had been elected in 1878, and had, there- fore, another year to run before its legal term would expire by efflux of time. 2. PROVINCIAL RIGHTS. Sir John Macdonald has, since his return to power in 1878, deliberately and persistently sought to deprive Ontario of her territorial and legislative rights, and in this design he has only too often found ready apologists or backers in Mr. Meredith and his associates on the Opposition benches in the Legislative Assembly. The attempts to injure the Province may be arranged under the following cases, in all of which, except the second, the Dominion Government have actively intervened : — (I) Tor«*uto Olobe, April 2nd, 1853. (2) Hinck'a Remiuiacencee, p. 295.^ W{ 71 1. The Boundary i In the Settlement of Accounts. Though Confederation has now been in existence for nearly twenty years, the financial accounts between the Dominion, Ontario, and Quebec, growing out of the former union of the two latter, have never been settled. For many years the delay was due to the attitude of Quebec; but, since Quebec has become willing to secure a settlement, the Dominion Government have become singularly and suspiciously lax in their efforts. Year after year the Provincial Treasurer of Ontario has, in his financial statement, complained of delays he could not prevent ; but not till recently was he called on to protest against a manifest and persistiBnt effort to do the Province injustice. As a specimen of the way in which Sir John Macdonald's Government treat Ontario take the following account, recently given by the Pro- vincial Treasurer, of the trumped-up claim of the Mississauga Indians on the Credit Reserve : " When I mot the Provinoial Treasurer of Quebec in 1884 to discuss the accounts with the Dominion vhich had never been settled, we found ourselves confronted with old claims in be- half of certain Indian lands of the most preposterous character. First we had in the accounts submitted to us, a claim for $140,000 for arrears of annuities to Indians of Lakes Superior and Huron, dating away back to 1830, a claim never made by the Indians themselves until 1373, and yet in his generosity Sir John asks the Province to grant from 1850. Next, we find the Do- minion Government negotiating with the Indians of Alnwick and Rice Lake for the surrender to the Dominion of 18,000 square miles of territory right in the heart of our Province, claimed never to have been surrendered by the Indians. Next a claim for $196,000 of arrears, and $176,000 capitalization annuities said to be due to the Chippewas of Lake Huron, who claimed to own some of the land surrendered by the Robinson treaties. But the most extraordinary claim of all is one on behalf of the Missisaugas of the Credit, for land sold 65 years ago, away back in 1820. (Applause.) " This is a claim you will see occuring during the time of the old Province of Upper Canada, before the old Union of Upper and Lower Canada. That Province never recognized it. During (1) English Law Reports : Appeal Cases vol. 9, p. 117. (2) Caasell's Supreme Court Digest, p. 280. .... - . ,. ,vernment, these efforts ceased until towards the end of the aeaaion, when they were renewed, not only as to Mr. McKim, but also aa to Meaars. Uowling, Balfour, and Lyon. These renewed attempts were made by Kirkland in conjunction with Wilkinson, Meek, and Bunting, and by a person who passed by the name of Lynch, but whose true name was Stimson. Kirkland made advances to Balfour, representing that Wilkinson and Bunting were desirous of knowing what he would take and vote againat the Government. Wilkinson offered Balfour anything he might state in the way of a shrievalty or registrarahip in the North- West, or adver- tising for his paper from the Departments, and represented Bunting as working with him in the matter. Wilkinson said he could pay him $1,000 or $1,200 down as a guarantee of the office, and after the vote he would give, aay $1,000 ; that Balfour would get any office he would decide upon. Kirkland alao offered Balfour to pay him $1,000 or $1,200 to speak against the Government, and on the 1 7th March Wilkinson gave Balfour $800, and promised to give him $700 after the vote was taken on a resolution expected to be moved by the Opposition. (1) SeBBional Paper, No. 9, Part III., Vol. XVII. (2) The date of the Report ia .January 10, 1885. (•*) On the 17th of July he was served with the notice at Winnipeg. (4) Namely, that he had not been served with a notice in time to be present at the earlier aesaiona of the Commiasioners, and that he had not been furnished with a copy of the evidence taken at thoae sesaions. (Report, p. 149.) 77 Negotiationa had also b«en renewed with McKim, and f 1,000 were given to him on the 10th March by Wilkinson, aftur Stimaon, aliait Lynch, had, on the previous day, endeavoured to get McKim to bet on Dowliug's vote. Negotiations were also entered into with Lyon for the purpose of securing his vote. Mo- Kim, at Wilkinson's recjuest, tirst spoke to him on the subject of his vote, and arranged a meeting between him and Wilkinson and Meek. Lyon's election had been protested. At a meeting with Wilkinson and Meek, when McKim was also present, Lyon was asked if he would vote against the Government on a resolution in regard to their timber policy if brought up aa a vote of want of contidence, and Meek said if Lyoti would carry that out he would withdraw the petition. Lyon wanted some security for the withdrawal of the petition, and Meek said he would give Diluting ; and Lyon was told by McKim, in the presence of Wilkinson and Meek, that hunting had ai{reed to see that the protest was withdrawn, Lyon and McKim both signed what was termed a round robin, pledging themselves to vote against the (lovernuent. Corrupt offers were made also to Dowling by Wilkinson, who wanted him to vote against the Government and resign his seat ; the petition against his election would be withdrawn and the expuiises he had been put to would be recouped, and for voting against the Government he was to get $2,000, and after he resigned his seat 92,000 or $3,000, if he did not interfere against the candidate who should run. Wdkinson wanted him to see Bunting to arrange to have the protest withdrawn. Dowling saw Bunting, who said if he would assist in the formation of a coalition and vote against the Government and resign his seat, they would recoup him his elec- tion expenses, and they could afford to give him $2,000 or $3,000. Wilkinson took Dowling to Stimson, alias Lynch, who wanted to bet $'J,000 that he would not vote against the Mowat Administration. And on the 15th March Wilkinson and Kirkland in company endeavoured to induce Dowling to vote against the Government, All the persons to whom offers of money and situations were made, communicated them to some members of the Government, and had no intention of accepting for themselves any of the things so offered. And McKim and Balfour immediately upon the receipt of the money given to them deposited it with the Speaker of the House. In regard to the charge made by Mr. Meredith against Messrs. Eraser, Pardee, Hardy and Mowat, the Oommissionera are of opinion that the evidence wholly fails to establish it. All the witnesses who speak on the subject, with one exception, show that the advice of these members of the Government to the persons to whom offers were made, was to bo passive, to see how far the persons making the offers would go. That is the evidence of these members of the Government themselves ; it is the evidence also of the persons to whom they gave the advice. The only conflicting evidence ia that of the witness Vicars, who says he heard Hardy say toFraser, " If our little scheme with Balfour works, we will fix them." This was distinctly denied both by Hardy and Frasor. The Oommissionera think that Vicars was either under a mistake as to the persons who were speaking together or that he was telling an untruth. They were not favourably impressed with the manner in which Vicars gave his evidence, and do not credit his testimony. The Commissioners further find that the persons so advised acted upon the advice. They made no advances to those who were endeavouring to corrupt them. The advances were made to them and they suffered them to be made, with a view of procuring ovidonce sufficient to prove the offence of a conspiracy to bribe them. The evidence does not show that the money given to McKim and Balfour came from any other source than Wilkinson or Stimson. Nor does there appear to be any reason for supposing that any of the Conservative members of the House of Aaaembly attempted to use improper means to induce the members on the other side of the House to change their votes. The Commisaionera have arrived at the foregoing concluaiona after a careful conaideratinn of the evidence, and having had the advantage of hearing able argumenta by the counael who appeared before them. All of which is respectfully submitted. (Signed) W. PROUDFOOT, Chairman. E. J. SENKLER, Comroisaioner. 78 APPENDIX B.— The Boundary Case. m Euring the past six years the Doixiinlon Government has been engaged in a persistent attempt to deprive Ontario of her title to a large expanse of territory in the northern and western parts of the Province, and also of he** +'l;ie to the land, the timber, and the minerals comprised within the disputed area. The controve *sy as to the location of the northerly and westerly boundaries of this Province is an old one, but it was settled by arbitration in 1878, and had the decision of the arbi- trators been acted upon by the Dominion Government, all the su' sequent trouble, irritation, and expense would have been saved. The following summary of the case will show the nature of Ontario's claim, the steps taken by the Mowat Govern- ment to make it good, the obstacles thrown in their way by the Macdonald Govern- ment at Ottawa, and the attitude of the Conservative Opposition in ';he Ontario Legislature towards the question : 1 . The southerly and westerly boundaries of thejold Province of Quebec were defined by the Act of 1774 to be the Ohio river, westward to the banks of the Mississippi river, " and north- ward to the souviern boundary of the teiritory granted to the merchant adventurers of England trading to Hudson's Bay." The Act of 1791 divided that Province into Upper and Lower Canada by aline drawn due north from Lake Teuiiscaming to Hudson's Bay, and Upper Canada was de- clared to include all that part of Canada lying "to the westward and southward of said line." {imperial Acts, 1774 and 1791). 2. By the Confederation Act the Province of Ontario is declared to be the part of Canada which formerly constituted the Province of Upper Canada {B. N. A. Act, 18G7, section 6) ; and the admission of th§ North- West Territory into the Union was made subject to the foregoing provision {section HG). 3. For a number of years prior to the acquisition of the North- West Territory, successive Governments of Canada claimed that Upper Canada extended as far west, at least, an a line drawn due north from the head waters of the Mississippi. 4. A minute of the Canadian Government, dated 17th January, 1857, approved by the Gover- nor-General, asserted the general feeling in this country to be, that ' the western boundary of Canada extends to the Pacific ocean," {Ontario Boundary Papers, 1882, p. 2). 5. In the memorandum '^f Hon. Joseph Cauchon, Commissioner of Crown Lands in 1857, it was c intended that und • the Hudson's Bay Company's charter it was difficult to arrive at the re- sult chat the Company h i anj territorial rights at all in the Itorth-West {0. B. P., p. 20) ; that the westerly boundary of Canada was either the White Earth River, several hundred miles west of the Lake of the Woods, or the summit of the Rocky Mountains ; and that the northerly boundary was either no particular limit, or the shore of Hudson's Bay (p. 2^). 6. In 1867 Chief Justice Draper was appointed by the Canadian Government a special agent to represent Canadian rights and interests before a Committee of the British House of Commons on the subject of the Hudson's Bay territory (0. B. P., pp. 4 and 5). Judge Draper advised a reference of the question to the Imperial Privy Council for decision, and he confidently hoped that B\ir\\ decision would give to Canada " a clear right west to the line of the Mississippi " {p. ^7) ; but for the purpose of such reference " the consent of both parties would be indispensable " 7. In 1864 a report of the Executive Council recommended " that the claim of Canada be (isserted to all that portion of Central British America which can be shown tf) have been in the possessior. of the French at the period of the cession, in 176? " (O. B. P., p. 101) ; and in a second report oo the same subject it was intimated that " the districts on the iled River and the Saskatchewan are among those likely to be desired for early occupation " {p. 103). In 1806 a similar report was approved by the Governor-General, asserting that Canada had always dis- puted the title of the Company to the fertile belt, a tract of land described as ' ' stretching along the northern fior-aer of the United States to the base of the Rucky Mountains " (p. 118). 8. In 1867 a joint address of the House of Commons f id Senate of Canada was presented to the Queen, praying that Rupert's I^nd and the North- West Territory might be admitted into the Union under provision of section 146 of the B. N. A. Act \0. B. P., p. 128). 9. In 1868 two members of the Government, Sir George Cartier and Hon. William Mac dougall, were sent as delegates to England to arrange terms for the acquisition by Canada of 79 able " la be n the in a and 18G6 dis- ilong 3nted [ into Mao da of Rupert's Land (0. B. P., p. H2). In a joint address to the Under-Secretary, and in replying to an assertion of the Deputy- Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, that the country between Lake of t .e Woods and Red River was "the freehold territory of the Company," the delegates declared that " Whatever doubt may exist as to the utmost extent of old or French Canada, no impartial investigator of the evidence in the case can doubt that it extended to and included the country between Lake of the Woods and Red River " (pp. 150-1), 10. Rupert's Land aud the North- West Territory were admitted into the Dominion by an Imperial Order- in-Council approved 23rd June, 1870 (0. B. P., p. 200). IL In 1871 an Act of the Imperial Parlir.ment was passed giving to the Parliament of Canada authority fiom time to time, with the consent of the Legislature of any Province, to in- crease, diminish, or otherwise alter the limits of such Province (0. B. P., p. 205) ; and in the same year a joint Commission was appointed by the Governments of Ontario and the Dominion to de- termine the boundary line between the Province and the North- West Territories (pp. 20G-9), 12. In October, 1871, a report was prepared by the Dominion Surveyor-General, at the request of Sir John Macdonald, in which it wus! contended that the westerly boundary of Ontario was a line drawn dio north from the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, and the northerly boundary the water-shed between Lake Superior and Hudson's Bay(0. B. P., p. 211). The Dominion Commissioner was instructed to trace and survey the boundaries according to the terms of this report (p. 218) The Ontario Government refu8S)- In the session uf the same year a resolution was passed by the House of Commons proposing to refer the subject lu the Suprnn.e Court or to the Judicial Cjmmittse of the Privy Council (_ 4^0). I» ! i 80 19. During the year 1883 the Manitoba Government made an attempt to seize and hold the disputed territory as far east as Thunder Bay. When this attempt was resisted at Rat Portage by the ofiicials of the Ontario Government, the Winnipeg Field Battery, with the consent, if not at the instigation of the Dominion Government, was sent to enforce the Manitoba Government's pretensions. The tact and firmness of the Government of Ontario and of their officers prevented on the one hand an outbreak of violence, and on the other even a temporary abandonment of the rights of the Province. 20. In December of the same year, at a conference between the representatives of the On- tario and Manitoba Governments an agreement was arrived at, providing for a reference of the boundary question to the Imperial Privy Council, and for the peaceable administration of the disputed territory pending the decision of the case. {Out. Sess. Papers of ISSJ^, No. 3). The Privy Council, early in 1884, decided the dispute in favour of Ontario, defining a boundary be- tween Lake of the Woods and the Albany River substantially identical with that laid down by the arbitrators in 1878. 21 . Notwithstanding repeated efforts on the part of the Ontario Government to induce the Dominion Government to agree to a definition of the whole northern boundary, nothing has yet been done to complete the unfinished description. Had the Dominion Government become a party to the reference of the dispute to the Privy Council the matter would have been settled long ago. It is now kept open for the obvious purpose of basing on it other attacks on the Pro- vince of Ontario. 22. Sir .John Macdonald, in a speech delivered soon after the Privy Council award was made, publicly declared that,thoug}i the boundary question had been settled in favour of Ontario this Province did not own the land, or the timber, or the minerals of the dispvited territory. The implied threat couched in this declaration he has since sought to make good, by assisting the St. Catherine's Milling Compa ly to contest in the Courts the right of the Ontario Government to collect dues on timber cut in the disputed territory. The case was first tried by Chancellor Boyd, and was by him decided in favour of the Province. The Milling Company carried it to the Ontario Court of Appeal, which unanimously sustained Chancellor Boyd's judgment, and affiimed that " lands ungranted upon which Indians have been accustomed to roam and live in their primitive state form part of the public lands, and are under the British North America Act now held in the same manner by that Province in which such lauds are situate as before the confederation of the several Provinces." 23. Not content with this decision Sir. John Macdonald has aided the St. Catherines Mill- ing Company in carrying the case on appeal t" the Supreme Court of the Dominion, J)alton McCarthy, M.P. for North Simcoe, being retained at the expense of the Dominion Government as counsel for the Company against the Province. It is not unlikely that the matter may have to be carried to Privy Council at enormous expense to both the Province and the Dominion, in order to gratify Sir John Macdonald's desire to punish Ontario for preferring a Liberal to a Conservative Administration. If there were no other reason for retaining the Mc ^at Govern- ment in power than the necessity for continuing the struggle for Provincial rights assailed in this way, it would be an act of folly on the part of the people to replace them by subservient tools of the present Government of the Dominion. 24. The expense incurred by the Province iii '^fending itfi rights in the disputed territory has been very groat. Between 1871 and 1876 it aoounted to about $57,400 to which must be added extra expenditure on the administration of justice between 1882 and 1884 to the amount of over $18,600, making a total of about '- '■■■'■ ii7«,ooo. ■ '■ ■'"■ ,1 1 This of course does not include the costs in the St Catherines Milling Company case which will be very heavy. 25. The Dominion Government have from 1878 down regarded the disputed territory t.s a means of rewarding jobbers and partisans. The following is a list of some of the principal Tory M.P.'s, M.P.P.'s, wirepullers, manipulators and managers among whom the timber limitr. of the disputed territory were largely parcelled out by the Dominion Government after the award of the Privy Council declaring the territory to belong to Ontario, with the dates of the Order- in-Council granting the limits, the number on the plan and the quantities granted : — 273. 287. 337. 316. 328. 274. 282., 342., 303.. 505.. 303.. 314.. 329.. 317.. 347.. 373.. 472.. 471. 81 No. on Plan 486.. 293.. 440.. 334.. 33a.. 333.. 331.. 514.. 345.. 280.. 9.m.. 27fi.. 277.. 349.. 273.. 287.. 337.. I 316.. 328... 274.. I 282..: 342.. 303.. 505.. I 303.. i 314.. 329.. I 317.. 347., 373.. 472.. 471. Square Miles. 50 50 60 50 50 50 50 33 50 .50 50 50 50 m 50 50 Date of Order-in-Counci) authorizing license. 21 May, 1884. . 29 Aug., 1883. . 30 Apnl, 1884.. 19 Dec, 1883. . 21 Dec, 1883.. 21 Dec, 1883. . 21 Dec, 1883.. 9 O, *., 1884.. f Oec, 1883.. 11 Aug., 188.3. . 11 Aug., 18H3. . 11 Aug., IHHX 11 Aug., I,s,s3. Dec, 1883. 'll Aug., 188S. 11 Aug., 1883. 21 D iS>!3. 50 29 >.'.i'., '-,'•;>. 50 129 Nov., .i«,5. 50 11 Aug., 1883. .50 '11 Aug., 1883. 50 i29 Nov., 188.3. 361 ' 1 Nov., 1S83. 4i i 9 Oct., 1884. 50 i 5 Feb., 1883. 50 I 1 Dec, 188d. 50 I 1 Dec, 1883. 50 |29 Nov., 188.3. 50 6 Dec, 1883. 33 il8 Feb., 1884. 50 il5 May, 1884. 60 115 Jilay, 1884. Names of Grantee as per Ordar-in-Council. G. W. Monk N. RobiUard Wm. Broder, Morrisburg. H. Montplaisir . John Bain , N. F. Patterson, Port Perry Bain & Patterson W. H. Plummer, SaultSte. Marie T. G. Blackstock, Toronto C. C. Small, Toronto.... Frank Arnold!, Toronto . t. S. Aikins David Blain, Toronto.. David Tiadale, Simcoe. I Henry O'Brien, Toronto . L. R. O'Brien, Toumto.. John Shields, Toronto. . . J. J. Macdonald, Rat Portage Win. Shields, Toronto John (.linty, Toronto H. Quetton St. George, Toronto. H. H. IJailey, Quebec F. T. Bulmer, Rat Portage F. T. Bulmer, Rat Portage H. Buhner, Jr., Montreal Jame.s McKnii^ht, Ottawa Aaron Squires Remarkh. R. T. Sutton, Hamilton John H. Beatty, Toronto Thos. Marks, Port Arthur H. M. Staunton, Rat Portag'> . , Joseph Fopter, Rat Portage., Tory Member of Local I/egislature for Carleton. Tory Member of Local Legislature for RusselL Brother of A. Broder, M. P. P. for Dundas. Tory M.P.P., Quebec. Lawyer, Tory Candidate for East York, 1883. Late Tory Candidate for North Ontario. Same parties as above, united. Tory Candidate in Muskoka campaign of 1883. Lawyer, brother of G. T. Blackstock, Tory Candidate in Lennox. Brother of John Small, M.P. for Toronto Lawyer, brother-in-law of Tanquier, Tory Candidate in celebrated Mufikoka campaign of 1883. Son of Governor Aikins of Manitoba. Reform bolter, and now Tory wire-puller. Ex-Tury Candidate North Norfolk and of coon-skin notoriety in South Norfolk. Brother of O'Brien, M.P. for Muskoka. Do. do. do. Government Contractor, Jobber, and of celebrated frozen whiskey fame. Partner of John Shields. Brothor of John Shields. Late partner of John Shields. i ' Liquor Dealer. ■ • Nephew of Hon. J. H. Pope. Partner of Bailey. - .. *. Do. do. Formerly Tory Candidate North Norfolk, One of the Muskoka gang in election of 18S;). Tory t'andidate and wire-jmller. Tory hanger-on. Chief Tory manipulator at Port Arthur The man who stole the telegram of the Provincial (Jovernmentat Rat l^ortage and Brar;ebridge in 1883, and brother- indaw of Roddy Pringle. Assistant Post-master who aided in the telegram business, which and eighty there, including such prominent Tories as : Smith and Muir, Hamilton, St. Catharines Lumber Co., James Ishister, H. ,J. Scott, T. W. Currier, W. H. Scarth, Hiram Robinson, A. J. Jackson, James Murray, St. Catharines, A. J. Parsons, Rat Poriago, McCaul and McDougall, McArthur and Boyle, Winnipeg, Binkers, etc. There are not half-a-dozen Reformers among the wh le lot. All of these gentleman, unless where otherwise indicated, received hfty square miles, or 32,000 acres each, at the nominal sum of live dollars per si^uare mile, or little more than three-ciuarters of a cent per acre . 82 APPENDIX C— Railway Aid. Bailwat. Buffalo and Lake Huron , By town and Prescott Berlin and Preston , Brockville and Ottawa (C.P.R.) Canada Atlantic Canada Central (C.P.R.) Canada Southern Credit Valley (C.P.R.) Coboun;, Peterboro' and M;ii-mora , Erie and Niagara Grand Trunk, Georgian Bay and Lake Erie Gait and Uoon , Gait and Guelph Grand Junction Hamilton and Non/h-Western Kingston and Pembroke Loudon, Huron and Bruce London aid Port Stanley Lake Simsoe Junction Midland Northern Prince Edward Coimty Peterborough and Port Hope Toronto, (irey and Bruce (C.P.R.) Toronto and Nipissing Victoria ^ Wellington, Grey and Bruce Welland Whitby, Port Perry and Lindsay Hamilton and Lake Erie Prince Arthurs Landing North Grey Port Dover and Lake Huron North Siincoe Brantford, North and South Brantford Belleville and North Hastings Erie and Huron Amount of Municipal Bonuses. $1,278,000 324,000 220,000 1,354,000 130,000 117,500 322,500 1,085,000 613,500 306,000 929,000 25.000 180,000 208,000 775,.596 488,000 311,500 569,400 100,000 144,870 631,980 9S.500 1,100,000 988,000 38(),.-)00 18i;,(l00 682.000 190.000 222,000 Municipal Loan i und Repayment. Net an.ount of aid by County. $322,000 108,000 88,000 173,000 64,000 [61,000 6,000 31,000 49,000 ' 22;»o6 Total $13,961,840 1.58,000 72,000 41,999 47,998 93,000 $1,330,997 $9.56,000 216,000 132,000 1,181,000 130,000 117,500 322, .500 1,085,000 549,500 245,000 929,000 19,000 149,000 208,000 775, .596 488,000 311,500 520,400 100,000 122,870 631,980 93,,")00 942,000 91(i,000 344,501 180,000 634,002 97,000 222,000 Direct aid by Province paid and maturing. $12,624,849 $454,887 125,957 244, .559 815,602 18,740 229,886" 278,067 727,097 590,333 268,839 ,53^666' 215,511 15,5,148 1.55,520 ' 461,364' 105,212 537,317 241,276 ' '129.796' 66,960 75,747 41,040 120.000 144,241 129,3.53 114,206 123,834 $6,630,086 Total Provincial and Municipal Aid $20,591,952. 'h t <. I t SI ■*, > :. . V , ;:v., WNt: APPENDIX D.— A Statement showing the Grants paid in each year to oomrriBB. Brant Bruce Carleton Dufferin DuiulaB Durham Elgin Essex Frontena ; Glengarry Grenvillo Grey Haldimand Haliburtou Halton Hastings Huron Kent Lambton Lanark Leeds Lennox and Addington Lincoln Middlesex Norfolk Northumberland. . . . Ontario Oxford reel Perth Peterboro' Prince Edward .... Prescott Russell Renfrew Siracoe Stormoat Victoria V iterloo Welland Wellington Wentworth York Districtn Gkants to Public, 1871. 1872, 5,173 5,819 4,900 3,855 6,743 5,090 3,993 3,653 2,914 3,626 7,715 4,143 Total . CITIES. Belleville Brantford Guelph Hamilton Kingston London Ottawa St. Catharines . St. Thomad . . . Strfctford Toronto 3,293 6,723 8,954 4,738 4,282 6,012 5,974 5,667 6.159 8;246 5,285 7,920 10,554 6,151 4,404 6,571 7,564 3,086 2,676 1,213 4,689 9,137 2,677 5 632 7,o;«) 5,230 9,164 5,106 9,614 270 231,645 5,876 6,742 4,789 3,937 7,147 5,716 4,655 4,462 3,372 3,640 8,944 4,508 3,634 8,481 9,395 5,666 5,288 6,337 6,288 6, ,566 8,540 9,133 5,458 8,786 8,092 8,0ti9 4,677 7.515 6,786 3,615 2,880 1,318 5,757 9,698 2,890 6,410 8,852 5,318 9,794 5,347 8,455 1,023 1873. $ 6,398 7,.593 4,580 4,338 7,152 5,663 5,381 4,203 3,708 4,343 9,599 4,795 253,856 3,937 2,672 2,382 2,628 Total Geand Total. ^1,470 20,089 6,622 3,623 4,372 3.707 10,146 28,470 3,984 9,425 10,396 6.194 5,691 7,435 6,840 5,833 8,800 10,387 5,904 8,747 9,964 8,166 4,545 8,660 8,388 • 3,553 3,150 1,!578 5,637 11,233 3,009 7,154 9,320 4,978 10,236 5,739 9,703 1,2,50 1874. 7,065 8,837 5,095 4,279 7.537 6,719 6,604 4., 504 3,763 4,353 10,208 4,858 273,711 6,737 3,351 4,574 5,712 10,38 .» 3,779 9,884 10,953 6,362 6,4,50 7,798 7,294 6,377 9,227 11,011 6,268 8,937 10,703 8,672 4,777 9,878 8,159 4,110 3,574 1,682 5.074 12,962 3,368 7,988 10,643 5,214 11,095 6,194 10,430 1,263 1875. S 7,020 8,981 5,400 4,041 7.649 6,643 5,833 4,9.53 3,769 4,253 10,311 5,078 1,856 3,745 8,801 11,057 6,447 6,605 8,307 7,337 6,127 9,182 11,234 6,096 9,679 10,545 8,472 4,875 9,635 8,490 3,892 3,623 1,682 5,989 12,233 3,235 7,905 9,724 5,222 11,046 6,068 10,,'69 1,954 1876. 8,086 8,933 5,034 294,448 { 295,562 7,142 3,860 4,100 3,601 30,759 10,676 29,375 9,202 3,434 3,733 5,050 11,688 33,107 3,712 7,914 6,855 5,761 5,655 3,424 4,222 10,018 .5,535 1,775 3,8-)3 10,061 11,434 6,451 6,528 8,609 7,625 .5,849 6,305 11,470 0,140 ^,768 10,670 8,218 5,032 10,181 6,819 3,604 3.500 1,312 6,983 14,239 3,455 6,456 9,109 5,124 11.291 5,964 10,941 2,756 296,671 9,240 3,640 3,584 5,495 4,139 12,052 38,1,50 251,734 I 282,326 | 304.470 ,1-3,823 328,669 ' 334,821 1877. « 5,8.39 8,708 4,801 3,777 8,118 6,838 5,6.35 5,345 4,070 4,393 9,863 4,734 2,270 3,9;j3 10,188 11,736 6,404 6,.311 7,782 6,919 5,960 5,293 11,894 6,346 8,036 11,030 8, .356 4,649 10,220 7,045 3,570 3,008 1,422 6,572 14.148 ;i,.Ri9 8,635 8,768 5,651 11,940 i,150 .1,386 3,275 295,907 .3,666 7,461 3,452 3,472 5,316 3,598 11,265 38,230 334,137 (1) Towne and ViUages are included in their renpective Counties ; Cities are given leparately at the 85 SCHOOL GRANTS. Public, Separate and High Schools, from 1871 to 1885.^ Separate and High Schools. \907 3,606 ■7,46i' 3,452 3,472 5,316 3,598 11,265 38,230 34,137 ly at the 1878, 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1886. Total. 1872 to 1885 9 $ $ S « 9 $ « 9 3,e05 3,327 3,440 3,326 3,2.'>9 3,203 3,202 3.136 66,952 8,895 9,443 10,188 9,500 9.839 9,427 9,749 9.492 126,327 4,912 4,649 4,764 4,406 •11,732 4,448 4,342 4.467 66,409 2,742 3,49i 3,797 4,100 4,043 4.393 3.538 19,075 4,070 3,740 3,656 .3,815 3,6.52 3,681 63,727 8,126 7,182 6,672 7,106 6,991 7,214 7,031 6,961 102,799 7,160 7.620 8,274 6,718 6,616 6,191 5,2,34 6,034 89,180 6,747 6,iS3 6,921 6,329 6,627 6,667 7,2.53 7,034 86,530 5,570 4,922 3,987 i 4,086 3,926 3,833 3,873 3.882 63,201 4,033 3,548 3,898 3,720 3,797 3,720 3,726 3.677 62.224 4,508 4,118 4,0.35 4,129 3,9.50 4,028 4,034 3,886 67,892 10,103 10,152 10,313 10,502 10,365 10,180 10,286 9,886 140,729 6,327 4,989 5.143 5,220 5,422 4,956 4,623 4,481 69,669 , 1,667 3,101 1,587 2,245 2,378 2,176 1,552 2,097 22,603 3,984 3,637 3,695 3.6.33 3,744 3,666 3,886 3,312 52,475 8,288 7,432 6,572 7,186 6,906 6,787 6,803 6,540 113,354 11,941 11,664 12,407 11,926 12,234 12,535 12,414 11,866 161,958 6,766 6,981 7,304 7,204 7,650 7,916 8,566 8,415 98,325 6,478 6,797 7,300 7,371 7,506 7,734 7,748 7,783 96,590 8,308 7,777 7,977 7,860 8,043 7.861 8,187 7,961 110,242 7,363 7,093 7,481 6,990 7,0.31 7,014 6.875 6,745 98,895 6,617 5,253 5,015 4,778 4,896 4,929 5,165 4,982 77,347 5,679 5,803 6,010 5,334 6,240 4,843 4,930 4,947 90,033 11,926 10,811 11,293 11,495 11,407 11,674 11,769 11,476 156,979 6,603 6,289 6,538 6,145 6,307 6,234 6,205 5,769 86,302 8,693 8,752 8,515 8,696 8,682 8,713 8,144 7,936 122,984 11,074 10,161 10,159 10,544 10,936 11,112 10,800 11,028 146,818 8,826 7,735 8,016 7,849 8,098 7,903 7,882 7,938 114,190 6,084 4,760 4,777 4,618 4,.571 4,073 4,990 4,737 66,765 10,548 10,086 12,159 11,700 11,881 10 994 11,273 10,837 146,167 6,637 C,598 6,830 » 6,591 6,391 6,;«4 6,.384 6,363 97,845 .%709 3,365 3,588 3,380 3,414 3,293 3,472 3,384 49,949 8.762 1.282 3,659 1,456 4,056 1,925 3,688 1,483 3,978 1 1,.522 ( 5,684 6,618 5,528 72,970 7,194 8,162 8,689 8,233 8,128 8,971 9,051 8,705 103,745 16,109 14,745 16,69-^ 15,479 14,536 14,526 14,290 14,031 194,922 3,634 3,285 3,684 3,535 3,6.59 3,579 .3, ,593 3,548 47,873 7,764 7,662 9,83(1 9,002 9,297 6,961 9,012 10,852 114,934 8,739 8,250 7,979 7,722 8,171 8,4.38 8,5.50 8,.574 122,839 5,318 .5,401 .5,871 6,798 6,671 6,021 .5,876 .5,556 77,079 12,63(; 10,9.58 11,126 10,440 10,241 10,028 9,122 9,158 149,111 6,376 5,321 5,l4(i 5,.506 5,392 5,324 5,206 4,910 78,643 11,602 10,805 11,038 10,888 11,372 10,;i48 10,098 9,560 147,254 4,223 3,628 6,.371 5,752 9,293 300,580 1,987 13,556 12,583 12,816 297,219 79,743 299,885 287,950 300,919 294,346 300,474 j 2,037 301,120 4,092,648 2,066 1,969 1,888 2,273 1 2,372 2,234 16,815 3,600 4,014 3,602 3,636 3,723 3,644 3,373 3,493 32,751 2,118 2,272 2,.304 2,202 2,298 2,451 2,348 15,993 7,041 7,255 7,9-4 7,648 7,813 7,486 7,483 7,613 106,697 3,189 3,669 3,741 3,559 3,580 3,588 3,642 3,790 60,124 3,662 3,707 4,744 4,705 4,846 4,778 4,836 5,796 60,909 4,843 5,158 4,982 < -.1 4,982 5,491 5,812 6,002 71.062 3,474 3,721 3,655 4,314 4,207 3,708 3.279 3,070 i .37,165 2,925 3,295 3 240 3,389 3, .365 1 16.214 3,126 ^ 3,726 10,766 12,249 i2,598 I 12,858 12,822 1 13,713 14,535 16,065 56,902 I 354,121 1 1 171.818 38,630 43,860 45,4;J6 49,143 49,457 49,983 350,457 51,172 582.674 338,515 331,810 346,355 1 343,489 350,037 ! 1 3,52,292 J 4.675.322 end of the liat. 86 APPENDIX E. — Charitable Institutions and Religious Denominations. It has frequently been alleged, both in and out of Pnrliament, that charitable institutions under the control of the Roman Catholic Church receive more than their fair share of the amount expended under the authority of the " Charities Act." No charge could be more unfounded. The utmost precaution is taken' that each institution shall be paid exactly in proportion to the work it does, without reference to denominational considerations. Each institution admits Protestants and Catholics on equal terms, and there are few, if any, that have not inmates of each persujision. The following table shows at a glance how the two classes of institutions compared with each other in 1885 in the matter of work done and money earned : PROTESTANT OR NON-CATHOLIC INSTITUTIONS. Prot. R. C. 27,778 City Hospital, Hamilton 7,468 16,881 General Hospital, Kingston 4,071 17,357 General Hospital, Ottawa 4,164 17,356 General Hospital, London 4,536 7,340 General Hospital, St. Catharines 1.894 6,406 General Hospital, Guelph 1,791 28,398 House of Industry, Toronto 1,987 21,000 Home for Incurables, Toronto 3,150 1,976 Aged Women's Home, Toronto 138 7,912 Aged Women's He me, Hamilton 553 14,741 House of Industry, Kingston 1,031 2,683 Home for Aged, etc., London. ... 694 Protestant Home, St. Catharines. 4,228 The Home, St. Thomas ... 4,512 Home for Friendless, Chatham . . 4,548 Widows' Home, Brantford 4,055 Home for Friendless, Belleville. . 45,149 Orphans' Home, Toronto 40,419 Girls' Home, Toronto 27,234 Boys' Home, Toronto . 12,960 .... .Newsboys' Lodgings, Toronto . 181 OL 41 58 261 81 315 84 318 36 283 86 902 98 808 38 544 269 34,680 Infants' Home, Toronto 1,771 11,002 Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto . 11,062 Orphan Asylum, Hamilton 35,737 Boys* Home, Hamilton 23,899 Girls' Home, Hamilton 20, 1 47 Orphans' Home, Kingston 13,820 Orphans' Home, Ottawa 16,610 Orphans' Home, London 10,430 Orphans' Home, St. Catharines. Combined Charities, Toronto . . . 12,217 Industrial Refuge, Toronto 7,906 Home for friendless, Hamilton. 5,552 Women's Refuge, London 68 20 84 02 24 74 98 1,473 221 714 477 402 94 276 40 332 20 208 60 200 00 244 34 158 10 111 04 1,656 456 416 321 349 130 147 105 74 10 24 96 11 2 45 27 14 14 197 196 183 136 207 69 38 131 114 88 79 100 48 67 69 72 661 193 126 36 115 65 21 40 ...X - . •^ " -y^ 49 ! 7 6 1 7 3 3 64 38 582,760 860,115 32 6,679 1,354 ROMAN CATHOLIC INSTITUTIONS. Days' Stay. Grants. Prot. R. C. 10,466 Hotel Dieu Hospital, Kingston $2,868 06 13,178 Roman Catholic Hospital, Ottawa 3,904 64 13,930 House of Mercy Hospital, Ottawa 1,727 01 74 24 89 398 611 205 insi wh d&y ear or { (1) See p. 20. 87 Days' Htay. 5,224 St. Joseph's Hospital, (hielph St. Joseph's Hospital, I'ort Arthur 2,344 General Hospital, Pembroke 3,143 General Hospital, Mattawa 90,321 House of Providence, Toronto House of Providence, Toronto (Incurable Ward) 20,950 House of Providence, Kingston 15,224 R. C. House of Refuge, London 26,637 St. Patrick's Refuge, Ottawa 24,811 St. Charles' Hospice, Ottawa 15,182 House of Providence, Guelph 30,931 House of Providence, Dundas 95,243 R. 0. Orphan Asylum, Toronto , 12,161 St. Nicholas Home, Toronto 55,518 St. Mary's Orphan Asylum, Hamilton 6,577 House of Providence Orphan Asylum, Kingston 13,642 Hotel Dieu Orphan Asylum, Kingston 16,951 St. Patrick's Orphan Asylum, Ottawa 36,602 St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, Ottawa 36 013 R. C. Orphans' Home, London 12,277 Orphan Asylum, St. Agatha 12,971 Good Shepherd Refuge, Toronto 29,381 Good Shepherd Magdalen, Ottawa 12,097 Orphans' Home, Fort William 611,573 ^ Summarizing these statistics, we find that in 35 Protestant or Non-Catholic institutions 7,071 inmates put in 582,760 days, and earned a grant of $60,115, which amounts to an average of S8.50 for each inmate, or lOJ cents per inmate per day; while in 27 Catholic institutions 4,908 inmates put in 611,573 days, and earned a grant of S36,093, which amounts to an average of $7.26 for each inmate, or a little less than 6 cents per inmate per day. Grants. Prot. R.C. 11,567 20 22 158 300 00 703 20 31 100 942 90 20 145 6,660 87 22 498 1,278 40 1,466 50 8 122 1,065 68 4 53 1,867 59 2 210 1,736 77 3 100 1,062 74 4 106 2,166 17 8 127 1,904 86 23 440 243 '^2 4 116 1,110 36 11 243 131 54 I 40 272 84 241 339 02 3 136 730 04 174 720 26 164 245 54 47 259 42 1 60 587 62 7 170 241 94 361 43 P6,0&3 39 4,607 (,,>(.. I.;.' !i; ^ ; . . . . t ••• :;:. ^$ . ,. c. r ■' !1 88 APPENDIX F.— Grants to COirNTIS& 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. $ c. 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 933 34 933 33 1,400 00 2,100 00 1.400 00 2,100 00 2,450 00 2,100 00 1,400 00 1,440 00 1,400 00 2,100 00 1,400 00 700 00 1,283 33 1,400 00 700 00 1,050 00 2,100 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 04 700 00 1,400 00 700 00 2,450 00 700 00 1,000 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1876. 1877. Essex. ...»^ Kent « c. 700 00 1,050 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 933 34 933 33 1,050 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,750 00 2,100 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 2,100 00 1,400 00 « c. 700 00 1,050 00 1,400 OO 1,400 00 933 .33 933 .34 1,050 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,750 00 2,100 CO 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 2,100 00 1,400 00 S c. 700 00 1,050 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 9.33 33 933 34 1.050 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,750 00 2,100 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 2,100 00 1,400 00 t c. 700 00 1,050 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 933 33 933 33 1,050 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,750 00 2,100 00 1,400 00 1,440 00 1,400 00 2,100 00 1,400 00 $ c. 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 933 33 933 33 1,400 00 2,100 00 1,400 00 2,100 00 2,450 00 2,100 00 1,400 00 1,450 00 1,400 00 2,100 00 1,400 00 700 00 1,283 34 1,400 00 700 00 1,050 00 2,100 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 700 00 1,400 00 700 00 2,800 00 700 00 1,050 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 1,450 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 300 00 2,075 00 700 00 $ 0. 1,400 00 1,400 00 Elgin Norfolk Haldimand 1,400 00 1,400 00 933 34 Welland 933 33 Lambton 1,400 00 Huron Sruce • • • . ■ 2,100 00 1,400 00 Grey 2,100 00 Simcoe 2,450 00 Middlesex 2,100 00 Oxford Brant 1,400 00 1,450 CO Perth 1,400 00 Wellington 2,100 00 Waterloo Duff erin 1,400 00 700 00 Lincoln 1,283 33 1,400 00 700 00 1,050 00 2,100 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 700 00 1,400 00 700 00 2,450 00 700 00 1,050 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,283 33 1,400 00 700 00 1,050 00 2,100 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 700 00 1,400 00 700 00 2,4.50 00 700 00 1,050 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 OO 1,400 00 1,283 33 1,400 00 700 00 1,050 00 2,100 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 700 00 1,400 00 700 00 2,450 00 700 00 1,050 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,283 34 1,400 00 700 00 1,050 00 2,100 00 1.400 00 1,400 00 1,400 04 700 00 1,400 00 700 00 2,450 00 700 00 1,048 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 1,440 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,283 33 Wentworth Halton 1,400 00 700 00 Peel 1,050 00 York Ontario 2,100 00 1,400 00 Durham 1,400 00 Northumberland, Prince Edward 1,400 00 700 00 Lennox and Addington. Frontenac 1,400 00 700 00 Leeds and Grenville. . . . Dun das 2,800 00* 700 00 Stormont Glengarry 1,050 00 700 00 Prescott 700 00 Russell 700 00 Carlflton Renfrew Lanark 700 00 1,450 00 1,400 00 Victoria 1,400 00 Peterboro' 1,400 00 Haliburton 300 00 Hastings 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,070 .50 1.50 00 2,100 00 700 00 2,100 00 Muskoka 700 00 Algoma 321 00 350 00 .350 00 550 00 350 00 350 00 540 00 350 00 315 00 550 00 350 00 350 00 300 00 350 00 490 00 550 00 350 00 350 00 420 00 350 00 490 00 5.50 00 360 00 350 00 700 00 350 00 500 00 550 00 350 00 350 00 700 00 a5o 00 500 00 550 00 350 50 350 00 700 00 CITIES. London 350 00 Hamilton 500 00 Toronto 550 00 Kingston 350 00 Ottawa 350 00 Total 53,721 00 53,905 00 53,840 00 54,158 .50 .59,140 00 59,875 00 59,900 00 89 Agricultural Societies (1871-85). 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1 c. 1884. 1885. Total. f c. $ c. $ 0. 1 c. $ c. t c. $ c. « c 1,400 00 1,400 00 , 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 ' 1,400 00 18,200 00 1.400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 19,600 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1.400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 21,000 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1.400 00 1,400 00 21,000 00 933 33 933 34 1 033 34 933 33 933 34 933 ,33 933 33 9;« 33 14,000 01 9a3 34 93;» 33 1 933 .33 9;J3 34 933 33 933 34 9:« 33 ' 933 33 14,000 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 J 9.600 00 2,099 00 2,100 00 1 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 ' 2,100 00 28,699 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 21,000 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 28,700 00 2,450 00 2,450 00 2,450 00 2,450 00 2,450 00 2,460 00 2,460 00 2,4.50 00 .33.950 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 .31..500 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 21,000 00 1,450 00 1,500 00 1,450 00 1,460 00 1,450 00 1,450 00 1,460 00 1,400 00 21,580 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 21,000 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 31,500 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 21,000 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 7,700 00 1,283 33 1,283 33 1,283 33 1,283 33 1,283 33 1,283 as 1,283 34 1,283 34 19,249 99 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 21,000 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 10,.500 00 1,0.50 00 1,050 00 1,050 00 1,050 00 1,050 00 1,060 00 1,050 00 1,0.50 00 15,7.50 00 ^,100 00 1,991 00 2,100 00 2,021 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 2,100 00 31,312 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 21,000 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 21,000 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 21,000 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 10,500 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,399 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 20,999 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 10,!500 00 2,800 00 2,800 OO 2,800 00 2,800 00 2,800 00 2,800 00 2,800 00 2,800 00 40,250 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 10,500 00 1,050 00 1,060 00 1,050 00 1,050 00 1,050 00 1,050 00 1,050 00 1,050 00 15,698 00 700 00 631 50 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 10,431 50 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 10,.500 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 10,500 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 10,500 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1.400 00 1,700 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 21,440 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 21,000 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 21,000 00 1,400 00 1,396 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,400 00 20,996 00 , 300 00 300 00 150 00 450 00 300 00 300 00 300 00 .300 00 3,000 00 1 2,100 00 2,099 00 2,048 00 2,081 00 2,100 00 2,240 00 2,200 00 ' 2,175 00 31,68H .50 7O0 00 70O 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 700 00 900 CO 700 00 7(10 00 1,072 00 700 00 700 00 1,072 00 7,850 00 ■ 2,100 00 10,225 00 ■■■ Vdooo' foo'oo' """Voo '66' '"76606' " "76606' 350 00 350 00 350 00 350 00 350 00 350 00 350 00 350 00 .5,250 00 > 850 00 350 00 350 00 350 00 350 00 350 00 350 00 350 00 5,945 00 550 00 550 00 650 00 550 00 550 00 550 00 550 00 ' .550 00 8,250 00 350 00 .350 00 350 00 350 00 350 00 3,500 00 4,200 00 350 00 " "356'66" ""356 '66' 59,690 00 59,567 50 59,498 00 59,402 00 59,350 00 60,339 00 60,172 00 I 60,097 00 872,664 00 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 i;^ |2.8 |J0 "^^ '••^ lift ^ 1^ 1.4 2.5 122 1.8 1.6 V] Va ■c*l ^ ,; ^^' fS. o /, ^jf '^ / /A Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, »-Y. MS80 (716) 872-4503 1 i/j |W> APPENDIX a— Surplus 00UMTIB9. BrMit Bruce C«rleton Dufferin Elgin Ewex Frontenao Stormont Dunda* Qlongarry Leeds GrenviUe Grey Haldimand. ., llaliburton Halton Halting! Huron Kent Lambton Lanark Lennox and Addington . Lincoln MiddleMX Norfolk Northumberland Durham Ontario Oxfoid Peel Perth Peterboro' Prewjott Ruwell Prince Edward Renfrew Simooe Vioto.la Waterloo Welland Wellington Wentworth York Unorganiced Distvioti. . Total. 86,830 83,025* 146,6PS los.eifl 69,949 165,036 80,217 30.:«i6 86,726 71,826 21,672 99,427 62,664 $ 10,631 4,441 16,207 440 16.846 20.968 18,637 6,604 64,484 87,667 116,446 86,744 r<<,961 Vi,430 62,921 88,969 276,598 62,388 113,413 69,023 138,615 104.644 82,753 98,762 48,770 32,262 2,921 30,401 38,687 131,458 58,032 71,466 63,574 106,072 198,866 699,296 11,460 4,080,642 16,866 352 6,449 2,412 2,104 8,941 4,276 12,467 6,989 2,873 2,005 15,804 41,067 6,817 14,222 4,174 11,211 12,143 2,771 3,412 3,399 1,212 86 1,461 3,317 11.950 2,522 11,056 18,267 13,250 82,829 l«^,06:l 926 681.234 21,914 4.269 18,682 14,083 9.158 16,118 436 335 3,717 6,649 4,653 3,611 4,270 4,095 8,172 6,222 11,144 24,328 1,082 2,146 18,661 33,457 10,266 8,607 6,291 19,894 12,958 986 9,436 2,929 159 362 1,076 3,714 7,916 2,904 10,750 9,510 3.967 46,845 69,100 182 443,306 16,080 13,559 6,389 6,966 3,382 7,273 15,201 876 8,448 1,818 8,071 958 9,968 4.517 1,636 10,466 23,370 9,K0O 6.819 627 4,864 6,807 19,472 11,437 8,298 6,180 7,239 3,021 1,882 9,764 8,933 2,.W3 7,377 12,699 10,637 6,523 7,677 6,999 11,660 28,827 46,797 2,638 376,237 n Distribution by Counties (1871-86). 1 1 •8 i i ■' 1J J^^ |g "9 § •i • 1'' i Total. ii 1^ « 9 t 9 t f 19,064 82,125 58,366 21,G80 9,833 316,323 13,016 132,146 37,241 21,000 6,410 315,104 14,346 71,309 60,800 10 600 344.801 148 19,076 4.722 7.700 u'm" 43,646 12,561 94,270 67,697 21,000 4,068 336,642 7.-68 90,523 53,614 18,200 276.933 11,687 66.854 40,867 10, MK) .... 4,522 339,421 fi,219 50,550 ) 15,698 ) 10,500 V 10.431 j 5,165 57,582 31.030 560 418.622 8,176 66,i;« ) 9,062 2,114 104,869 ) 61,518 i 31,296 40,260 1.474 » 2,6;« ! 386,051 21,aS4 148.444 46,618 28,700 6,832 368,083 5.329 73,812 36,812 14.000 1,170 20:), 986 1,046 22,6a3 55,768 13,968 3,000 40,617 6,124 20,416 10,600 4.907 " 170,0.33 26,375 120,077 36.000 31,t88 800 •i'M,im 27,641 150,912 40.189 28,699 19,a« 424,788 8,3.39 103,063 62,394 19.600 4,550 80<,891 13,506 99,872 48,862 19,600 9.615 348,516 4,:?82 115,-.!61 19.2,{1 21,000 6.726 244,515 6,774 83,014 22,139 19,260 1.900 205,013 6,521 96,192 47,056 21,000 8,916 :W9,906 27,647 125,941 31,500 10.116 564,798 12,306 9i,687""' 47,066 21,000 4.784 26<3,640 21,023 12,641 130,904 1 109,942 64,462 21,000 21,000 2,:{66 ) 6,110 f 60'.<.6.')6 13,699 167,372 49,935 21,000 9,007 427.'.t72 9,094 120,341 41,823 21,000 10,590 335,514 6,574 71,169 23.391 , 16,760 (),254 210 530 32,879 172,738 39,164 21.000 13.576 380,721 7,316 106,409 21,404 20,996 7,063 226,218 2,456 ) 4,971 ) 76,869 I 63,035 19,850 20,.381 10,500 10.500 10,500 164,431 1,946 "406 126,577 7,081 108,434 31,235 21.440 2,020 228.527 20,816 204,059 69,520 33,950 14,243 604,549 2,294 120,566 2i',433 21,000 4,200 247,274 13,165 129.869 42,067 • 21,000 23.742 330,682 N704 82,309 46,037 14,000 8.600 243,900 16,621 168,276 46,630 31,. -500 17,863 406,618 18,778 8;t,749 82,660 21,500 6,426 668.078 37,346 166,868 179,909 31,312 8,429 1.292.109 4,467 343,244 9,950 960 373,696 506,619 4,078,866 2.062,432 8.36,294 249,837 13,282,866 M APPENDIX J.— ExPENDiraRi oh Astlums fob thb Pbovincb. The following is a comparative statement of the number and cost of lunatics from each county in residence in the Ontario Asylums in 1871 and 1885 respect- ively, showing the present increased yearly cost to the Province, also the total cost for each county from 1872 to 1886, and what that total would *have' been if the increased numbers had not been maintained by the Province : — ^ OOUHTHS. Algom* Bnmt Brace Cftrleton Dufferin DandM Durham Elgin Es«ex Frontenao Glengarry OmnTille Grey Haldimand Halton Hastinga Huron Kent Lambton Lanark Leedi Lennox and Addington Liucolii Middleeex Muikoka Norfolk Northumberland Ontario Oxford Peel Perth Peterboro' Presoott Prince Edward Renfrew Rusaell ; Simcoe Stormont Thunder Bay Victoria Waterloo Welland Wellington Wentworth York Unknown Provincea.. Total No. 1 25 16 64 1871. Co«t • c. 158,880 75 • e. 116 n 2.W7 76 1,744 65 6,280 74 5 33 .% 24 52 13 8 24 22 26 27 37l 25| 28! 28 20 17 29: 88i No. 1885. Coet t o. .304,445 96 30 :» 47 31 26 35 25 10 »| I' 32 581 65 3,8;i8 23 3,480 30 2,791 44 6,048 12 1,512 03 9.30 48 2,791 44 2,6.'W 82 3,024 06 3,140 37 4,:i03 47 2,907 76 3,256 68 3,256 68 2,326 20 1,977 27 3,372 99 10,235 28 3,489 30 3,8.38 23 5,466 57 3,605 61 3,024 06 4,070 85 2,907 75 1,163 10 1,040 79 1,046 79 116 31 4,303 47 3,721 9i 161 231 19 41 07 ! 200 I 44 1,366 l.WK) 96 2,675 la 2,209 Wt 4,708 71 7,792 77 2.3,262 00 5,117 64 11 56 68 107 8 20 45 64 52 95 26 21 82 37 43 58 95 67 97 52 50 43 65 190 9 33 75 99 78i 48: 73 30l 19; 19 24 7 117 46 21 39| 48' 37 72 143 409 56 Yearly Inoreaae. • c. 1,.366 42 0,956 .32 8,446 96 13,291 64 993 76 2,484 40 5,589 90 7,950 08 6,4.59 44 11,800 90 3,229 72 2,608 62 10,186 04 4,596 14 5,:141 46 7,204 76 11,800 90 8,322 74 12 049 M 6,459 44, 0,211 00 6,341 40 8,074 M 23,601 80 1.117 98 4,099 26 9,316 50 12,297 78; 9,680 16! 5,962 561 9,068 06! 3,726 60! 2,:160 18 'J,;«?0 18 2,981 28 809 .54 14,5:« 74 5.714 13 248 44 4,844 58 5,it62 56 4,596 14 H,943 84 17,763 46 50,806 98j 0.832 10 Amount of benefit derived by t'ounty, 1872 to 1886, 14 year*. ToUl which would have been derived for 14 year* at the same rate aa 1871. t c. 1,260 11 4,048 67 6,702 31 7,010 80 993 76 1,902 85 1.751 67 4,460 78 3,668 ro 6,762 78 1,717 69 1,678 14i 7. 894 60 2,037 32 2,317 40 4,064 39 7,497 43 5,414 99 8,792 641 70 81,973 55 250, 36«) 77 27,190 88 2,427,066 55 INDEX. Si Aooounta, Delay In Sett)xiig Administration, Qenenl Attorney-Oenenl'a Depwtment. . Department of Public Works. . . . Department of Education .... Department of Crown Lands. . . . Department of Provincial Secretary (/) Department of Provincial Treasurer Agrioulturai College ... Agricultural Commission .... .... Agriculture and Arts. . .... .... Affiliated Societies Industrial statistics .... Agricultural Society grants .... .... Algoma representation .... Annual expenditure Annual Revenue ... .... .... Annual lievenue, 1867-1885 Annual Expenditure, 1867-1886 .... Assets, Provincial ... Asylums, Insane, cost of .... .... Asylum Expenditure, 1871-1886 Attomey-Qeneral's Department .... Audit of Public Accounts .... .... Ballot, Introduction of .... .... Benevolent and Provident Societies' Act.. Blind Institute .... Boundary dispute, history of . . .... .... .... Bribery case, history of .... .... .... .... Bribery at Elections. . . .... British North America Act, powers given by Bush Fires, prevention of .... .... Caldwell vs. McLaren Central Prihon .... .... .... Central Prir.on , management of .... .... ... Charitable Instittitions, .... .... .... Charitable Institutions and Religious Denominations Colonization Poads .... .... .... .'. . Co-operative Associations .... .... .... .... County Court Jurisdiction .... ... Courts and Judicature. See Law Reform .... .... Creditors' Relief Act .... .... .... Crooks Act, the. See Liquor Traffic Crown, enforcing claims against .... .... .... Crown Domain .... .... .... Crown Lands Department .... .... .... Crown Lands Revenue, Table of Receipts Deaf and Dumb Institute .... .... .... .... Deficits — Departmental Work, Increase of Direct Taxation Dissolution of Parliament, Reasons and Precedents for early Division Courts, iuriidiotion .... .... .... .... Division Courts, inspection Domestic Relations PAOI 73 41 41 43 43 46 60 57 29, 28, 28 58 68 69 88-89 10 64, 66 60,62 97 98 62 63-4 02 41 40 7,16 4 19, 55 78 76 6 2 30,49 19, 71 19 63 62 86 49 26 31 SI .S6 20 36 29 45 49 19,56 62 45,46,60 61 67 31 51 34 94 I (a) Solemnication of Marriage .... _ (b) Married Women's Proprty Law Dominion and Quebec, oompanaons with Dower, law of Drainage Inveatmenta SSducation, Department of Oranta to Sohoola and School and Municipal Salaries of Teachers .... Educational Institutions .... Responsible Minister Elections .... .... .... Elections, corrupt practices .... Electoral Divisions, 1885, Table of Electoral Privileges of Workingmen Electors, qualification uf .... Electors, registration of .... Employers' Liability Act .... Escheats Case .... — . Evidence, Changes in the Law of Expenditure, 1867-1885 factories Act.. .... — . Farmers' Institutes .... Financial Administration Financial Legislation. . . .... Forest Fires, Prevention of .... Forestry .... Franchise, the .... Free Grant System .... Fruit Trees, Protection of .... Mechanics Institutes Taxation compared. General Legislation.... .... .... Gerrymander Act, Dominion, 1882 .... Girls' Industrial Refuge .... .... Government House, Expenditure on Building. Health, Public Hodge Case (Crooks Act.) Hospitals and Charities, Amount voted for. Immigration . . .... .... Indian Claims, trumped-up .... .... Indian Franchise .... Industrial Statistics ^ . . . Industrial Refuge f ( r Girls .... Insolvency : — See Creditors' Belief Act. Insurance .... .... .... Judicature Act, the Jury, trial by. . .... liabour Laws. . .... (a) Mechanics' Lien (b) Employers' Liability. . . (c) Factories Act. . . (d) Railway Accidents Act (e) Work and Wages Landlord and Tenant. . . Law Reform. , .... Courts and Judicature . . . Procedure .... Gudificition .... Real Pro[)erty .... Domestic Relations t PAOB • • • • . . • . 34 34 , • ••• •■•1 •• 66 ■ •■ •••■ ■• 34 ••■> •■•• •• 40 Le •#•• •••• •• 43 Le 44 U .... 44 Lii •«• •■.. .. 46 Li<] 17 ..•a .... .• .. 17,43 7 . . . • • . . . 8 .... 12-13 .... 26 Lu 6 ■s 7 >ta 24 Ma 71 Ma 34 Mc 98 Me Me 24 Mil 59 Mis 60 Mo 36 Mu . . 30, 49 Mu 29 .... .... 6 Nor .... ... . . 29, 47 29 Opi Oral 6 Oril 14 19 Par 42 Pari Peo 22 Pop 72 Pra< oa Pre< Priv 51 Priv 72 Priv 6 Pro( . . 27, 69 Tro^ 19 Proi 35 36 31-2 • • . . 36 23 Proi 23 24 .... 24 26 Pub 25 Pub 34 Pub 30 Pub 31 Pnb 33 Pub 33 Pub . * . . 33 Pub 34 95 PAOI 84 34 , 84 4a 44 46 17 17,43 7 8 12-13 26 6 34 71 84 98 24 50 60 36 30,49 29 6 29, 47 39 ■ V i 14 19 42 68 51 72 6 27,59 19 35 36 31-2 35 23 23 24 24 25 25 34 30 31 33 33 33 34. Evidenoo .... .... .... ... Glaitnt against the Orovn Creditors and insolvent Debtors.. .... Trial by Jury Insurance Legislation, financial Legislation, general Legislative Assembly Liabilities of the Province Liquor License and Traffic .... Orooks, Dunkin, and Scott Acts License Fee .... Provincial revenue from Regulation of traffic Municipal revenue from. ... .... Lunatic and Idiot ^sylums .... Manhood Suffrage .... Marriage, solemnization of .... .... Married Womens' Property Act Master and Workmen, Settlement of disputes . . . McLaren vs. Caldwell .... .... Mechanics' Liens .... ... Mercer Reformatory .... Minority Representatioa MissisauKa Indian Claims .... ... Mowat, Hon. 0. . . .... .... — Municipal institutions .... .... Municipal Loan Fund and Surplus Distribution Normal and Model Schools, expenditure upon Opposition Amendments to Supply Bill Orange Incorporation, Provided for by General Act. Orillia Asylum .... .... Parliament Buildings, expenditure upon Parliamentary institutions .... .... People, representation of .... Population in relation to redistribution Practical Science, School of ... . .... Precedents for early Dissolution of Parliament Private Bills, legislation .... .... Private Bills, number parsed Private Bills, General Act for .... Procedure in the Courts, Simplification of. Provincial Rights, defence of .... Provinoibl Secretary's Department .... Registrar's Branch Registrar-General's Branch Division dmrt Inspection .... Immigration Public and Charitable Institutions License Branch .... .... Provincial Treasurer's Department .... Agriculture and Arts Agricultural and Industrial Statistics Agricultural Collage and Farm Public Accounts, audit of Public Bills, Ijegislation .... .... Public Buildii^lfs and Woi^s, expenditure upon Public Health - Pnbliu limtitutiotis mantained .... Pubh • l.il»rHiio!« .... .... .... Public Works, Locks, Bridges, &e., expenditure upon Public W..rks Departraeut .... .... .... • • • • ■ • • • PAOK .• . . • . . . 34 .... 3» «•• 1 • • • • ■ 36 • • • • ■ • • • 36 • ■■• •■•• 36 • ••• •••• 36 ••>• •••• 6 •••• •••• 6 • ••• •••• 63 30-39,66 20-22,57 • ••• •••• 22,39 • ••• •••• 39,67 • ••• •••• 66 • ••• •••• 67 .... 19,63 6 ■ ■ • . • . • . 34 • •*• ••.. 34 • ■•• •■•■ 26 .... . • • • 71 • •.• •••• 28 • • • . • • • * • 19,53 .... .... 11 . . 72 1, 4, 16 25, 30, 32 35,41 • > • • • • • ■ 15 • •• • • • • • • 37-62 .... .... 46 , 66 • ■-. •*.. 4 19 •••■ ■••• 42 •••. •••■ 6 • . . • . . • G-15 • • • . > • . < 11 13 .... .... 18 • **. •*•• 68-70 . ■ ■ • . • - . 3 * . • . . . • • 3 • * • • M. • • 3.4 rsk.. 33 *.•* *•■• 31,70 ••*■ •••• 50 • • ■ > • » . . 50 • ■ • . • • a • 51 • ••• «*.. 51 .... .... 61 • • • ■ . * . • 52 .... .... 56 . . • • . • • . 67 • *.. .... 26, 58 • • « t • • • . 27,59 • • • . • • . . 29,59 > • • . .... 40 • ••* .••• 6 ' 42-3 • •.• *•>• 22 ..«■ **.• 52 .... .... 27 .•** a... 43 .«.• ..*• 43 99 Auebeo and DominioD, oompunaoni with K«ilw»7 AooidenU Aot B«lwayi, Aid to Railways, Scrip .... .... .... Railway!, Terminable Annnitiea Railways, Number of Miles oonstruoted Railways, Supenrition b^ Publio Works Department .... Real Property, Changes in the Law of Redistribution of Seata, 1874 Redistribution of Seats, 1886 Reformatory Institutions Registrar- General's Branch .... .... Representation, of the People Representation Act, 1874 Representation Act, 1886 .... .... .... Representation of Minorities. Revenue, 1867-1886 Revenue for 1873-86 Russell Case (Soott Aot.) School grants .... .... .... .... .... Seats, redistribution of, Ontario, 1874 do do 1886. do Dominion, 1886 School law. . .. .... .... .... .... .... Speaker, bar of proceedings against, in Bribery case .... Statistics, Industrial .... .... Sta'/iaticB, Vital .... .... Statute consclidation. . . .... .... .... Streams Lill, the .... .... .... .... Su]}erior Courts Consolidation . . .... .... .... Surplus in 187 1 ' do exce.u of assets over liabilities do fluctuations in .... .... .... .... Surplus distribution.. . . .... .... Application of by municipalities .... Supply Bills, OpposHion amendments to .... .... Surplus Revenue distribution, 1871-1886 Three cornered const'tuenoy . . .... .... Timber the floating of . . .... .... .... Timber, destruction of, by fire. . .... ' .... Timber, revenue .... .... .... .... Timber limits, sales of .... .... Timber in disputed Territory granted by Dominion Government. Titles, quieting of ... . .... .... .... Toronto, three-cornered constituency of Torrens sys'^m of land transfer Tree Planting Act University Federation University Legislation .... Toters' lists ■ . . . Voting, Workingmen's time for Wage earners .... Weeds, prevention of . . . . Witnessev, compensation to ... . . . . . Woods and Forests .... Work and Wages, Legislation relating to Working OUtsses, Legislation for . . . . PAOI 66 36 .36, 63,83 37 37 37 43 83 8,9 10, 14 . 19,63 61 616 8-9 10-14 11 97 63 71 84-86 8,9 10, 14 14 17 6 . 27,69 . 27,61 33 . 30. 71 32 61 63 64 . 37,60 38 66 . 90-91 11 , 30,71 . 30,49 47 48 81 34 11 34 29 18 18 7,16 26 . 6,26 29 36 47 26 23-27 I PAOI 66 2S 36, 62,82 37 37 37 43 S3 8,9 10.14 19,63 61 6-16 8-9 10-14 11 97 62 71 84-86 8,9 10, 14 14 17 6 27,69 27,61 33 30.71 32 61 63 64 37,60 38 60 90-91 11 30,71 30,49 47 48 81 84 11 84 39 18 18 7,16 6, 26 29 86 47 26 23-27 iL DITURB A 24 :» 27 7 2 83 366/83 244 94 Wli 63 717 16 131 26 960 29 1884 53 4!) 2 10 00 1 8;i ;! 12 '9 19 22 55 m 00 50 21 00 « 57 23 ^00 ^ 347 65 764 41 726 96 600 53 86!t 08 062 43 497 47 « c. 179825 23 141440 28 331020 60 600210 15 84764 05 lO.'WOO 53 46006 70 1880 jl71 62 t2 12 57 001 62 ]071 70 294 83 70149 91 631651 00 4»36U 92 195;i«2 64 94218 83 235517 24 27717 40 186772 56 184264 70 125762 04 36492:i 36 613670 89 100320 18 96673 08 31023 41 2870035 12 6700 00 263783 41 160 00 1600 00 71998 04 62601 54 633564 46 19088 11 159676 46 !Hi421 28 155720 •^^) :««i!)0 80 121436 32 2693625 90 20400 00 250808 01 164 48 000 00 272 60 '645 88 ■I679 58 3284 84 338 26 026 31 2 CJ30 26 I 8(86 00 I r42 57 I 3O37 73 3207889 67 40223 78 36000 00 26 90 5973 81 3046112 88 1314 10 l867 52 ]866 11 3037 73 1656425 54 1313609 68 337854 66 3207889 67 1669029 19 1124496 71 352686 98 3046112 88 _ C. H, SPEOULE, Auditor, W^^U APPENDIX I.— TABLE OF ANNUAL KXPENDIT SERVICE. 8UB.8EIIVICB. 1867. 1808. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1871 1878. ORDINARY EXPENDITURE. Civil Government < c. .1881)0 80 161).M1 10 3111177 57 7747:t 2.1 2(1888 17 141M) 61) 2410 18 » c. lO.'dKH Ofl 1I0;I70 (17 180805 .S3 16541)0 17 2;ir>54 30 3011)0 14 13220 39 3118 80 8 c. 900.52 86 SVMi 49 178800 39 140702 96 44(M>0 32 40341 09 18;i;t41 01 3730 03 * c. 102427 08 .•(714(1 82 17(1(>()» 02 ir7925 80 293(10 IK) 081(13 07 920:n 40 1080 60 t 0. 111413 99 74071 47 182021 71 171423 17 00815 23 451K)0 24 180241 25 82 07 « c. 14110:1 34 l(2:i7 1 27 IDir.l? tio 2U'.M;r 81) .■w:!:il H7 l).17:o 08 128>t(;i 70 3187 50 8 a 1. 500(0 82 11!«.V) 10 20IIO1 84 2;H(M0 70 17010 12 110191 00 l(ai848 52 Ijegiilatinn ,, .'. Aciministrstinn of JiwUi'n Maintenance I'ublio Inatitutiona MiHvellanvoiin Crown Lanila Expenditure. Kef nnda Stationery Office Kepaira and Maintenance Public Buildinifa CONTROLLABLE EXPENDITURE. 269002 34 332423 80 27.5H.'« 84 17009 00 71151 41 40000 00 25181)7 53 21187 39 35.589 04 316887 02 320n7 (W (18072 20 42510 00 2821K)8 52 12:i814 07 50000 00 361:100 40 29712 50 7(i:i81 IH) 40200 00 21Ki070 1)8 l;«4543 47 5.M01) 04 421703 53 577."0 49 81012 10 421ID 00 200(171 8;) oot;:.:i 12 7.57'.'!) 19 402nA:<22 l.'.!)178 ^5 82817 ICf 4.ii;.'0 00 4728.V.I 50 8l5;t0 21 65724 17 71182 00 30000 00 113051 70 (178 90 30901 15 Hoanitala <.dCharitieB Piililir Buildings 271)87 .30 Public Worka.. Coluniiation Rooda imiiH 77 Exi>onditure under Supply Bill AnnuitiMk 674440 93 1190030 91 1488291 86 1680003 21 1810800 78 18479.«-.l 70 3187 no 8 c. W*-M 82 li-mvi 10 2(iH;04 84 2:H(M0 70 17«I0 12 iiojtii m Hi8848 62 « c. 16fi047 in 1742(4 10 208.t7:i -v: 28<:OM 12 21H17 22 7HW.X m IWlMls 70 788 08 « c. 162460 16 )ifi2C;i 43 21<)4.>2 91 ;«i271l) 61 81)4^1 ,'<8 6724!) 89 107li»i9 78 t 0. 166666 69 106'MO 66 386691 40 ;«>8(M)-i 02 74270 39 707(19 60 67392 09 1121 99 • 0. US990 43 133331 31 377.303 47 437044 74 81937 76 78460 66 97216 04 t e. 168721 64 126463 m 396369 52 *»iV*; 70 78901 :« 70riO» 14 66148 39 t «■ 164276 M 114072 «H 274013 22 4691 W) 80 124.'>:i9 9S 67778 93 B3421 38 $ c. 1737.12 67 111585 44 266070 31 60561(8 41 9129:1 19 690t)i 47 34668 23 t 0. 174803 13 178964 85 261119 10 66166:1 61 4.-1820 24 b76'.l2 98 42207 86 6361 08 t 0. 190739 68 166026 04 363731 46 608387 17 66806 61 &1847 16 41848 93 1334 10 • e. 133366/88 376344 94 648996 63 103717 16 67131 36 40960 29 • 0. 179826 33 141440 28 .131026 69 600216 16 84784 06 10:1006 63 46006 70 • a 184384 70 138763 04 .164»3:< .16 613870 89 100330 18 96878 06 31033 41 ;:;::::'::: 70149 91 631661 00 48369 93 195362 64 , 94218 83 ' 2:i5«17 24 27717 40 186772 66 83801 64 40 no !MI 00 !l8 47 04 1 42171.1 S3 ! 4fl21l«.'< 22 r>77:.0 49 1.MII78 66 81(il2 10 i K2HI7 9:{ 421110 00 4.'!O20 00 20tmi Sa 4728i"« 60 mwi 12 8ir>;to 21 7.'i7'.i!) 19 14.V.t.'.0 00 487144 80 1.14)14(1 (Di 8»J-I.W 24 4:i0'.'0 on 291S.-.8 14 I178MO 14 l)07)i2 43 eauii 77 IMOIIO 63 !M444 8:< 5234)> 1(1 Vimrn 06 2.Viiri 32 lOIlf.ll 89 624493 61 44001 10 97:t48 42 6541I.1 07 ia3012 6:1 S'«06 ,16 86931 4:1 660084 36 46266.34 97234 f6 64151 48 282916 68 30666 66 77800 00 666066 H4 smn 0!) 97028 62 70673 19 2722'.M Kl 26313 26 86612 48 827097 24 .19660 12 106UU0 80 73720 44 1401!IO 90 2(iH«.7 27 114.V.4 13 606104 86 62982 19 107282 72 728:12 )13 141:D11 12 2(i:i75 31 968:19 99 602824 .11 3482)i .17 lOtiKld 01 78092 76 1266.-.2 28 24:i)iU 04 97289 80 611268 48 .10414 67 131182 63 78096 79 129226 17 20140 26 110660 00 513347 66 47764 41 139726 96 80600 63 129869 08 41062 43 123497 47 83.1664 4« 19068 11 159676 46 96481 38 1M720 29 :I8690 80 121436 32 78 1847it.Vi 57 24WJ12 23 2342.1.I!) 77 20li:i.'>.50 61 3166185 06 2303806 17 2408Ki4 02 3286282 10 234:i66:< 64 3286304 29 3430888 91 2648171 62 2870036 13 6700 00 388783 41 160 00 1600 00 71998 04 . 369863890 30400 00 8727^0 00 42r«42 00 11.T812 90 13(!11U1 m 417.1.M 00 98)il'4:l 48 817;Di 30 .■172306 66 462161 28 6;i443 78 24809 96 .U3613 74 317711 04 11425 96 49243 26 232629 06 108171 16 590 40 34496 46 9650UOO 6442 85 479064 02 06765 76 182012 48 22061 41 206628.17 8182 22 264446 83 67458 73 368001 62 9071 70 280808 01 184 48 63»49 22 6421)8 66 86602 39 61279 30 41936 48 37519 47 31294 83 40338 78 678;iO 81 1 ims'se 9960 63 16124 36 14900 13 1 3S666'66 16000 00 4160 00 26000 00 112 00 18000 00 36000 00 1342 19 36000 00 3272 6C 36000 00 36 90 1 ' ■ 2347 14 111168 79 3646 88 9679 88 3284 84 338 26 1 :: ::.: :::';::;;:.:.... , i 6973 81 78 22207 12 .W 2y4nM).( 46 i .•i8714'.»2 82 3604.VJ4 42 3140627 «6 3112904 14 2902388.17 2941714 27 261818)'. 80 2585063 :16 2920161 06 2887037 73 3207889 67 3046113 88 4:1 36 902220 31 0157.')0 26 1011802 82 1448:119 41 480.W1 22 looa^.uo ;« 12.51744 41 162016:< 06 lOC'iMl 06 998249 56 1640973 81 1121697 64 ia-»t87 41 985442 60 1244287 20 1119518 97 74 097 97 1268579 81 11399.54 31 iVHSM .16 1267291 W 1027990 00 6664.12 17 124US.M 72 1002778 82 274.623 26 1815412 8:1 97089146 298749 07 1418676 92 1010977 89 490606 24 1473.114 10 1076867 62 338866 U 1666425 64 1313609 68 337864 88 1660020 19 1124496 71 383686 98 78 22?0742 67 2940803 46 3871492 82 ;«imn24 42 3140627 05 3112<.K>I 14 2902388 37 2941714 27 2518186 80 2.'>8.'>0.'>3 :I6 3920161 06 2887037 73 3207889 67 3046112 88 0. a BFROULE, AuMar. 7i ^^ N. 7 TO 1886. 1877. 1116872 80 80000 00 136696 63 529207 49 29526 36 39875 07 67781 38 ' 10288 t 222261 18 156251 4 1032 35 581 ( 78820 06 75529 a 68756 99 66291 a 37465 57 28fl88 7 62039 84 65905 n 1926 71 5138 4 670 88 11883 4 117 16 621 a — 9000 • •!• J • ■ • • • vj 2462940 36 1 2264421 3) "30780 ii 39626 69 10000 00 2502566 04 ' 2286201 4lj 726133 33 I 23724 21 3227699 37 2308926 66 , \ v. APPENDIX H.— Table of Annual Ri OrillUL. A. Cftpital Account. DOMINTOV OF CANADA. Subsidy Specific (rntnt ■^ntereBt on Sp»ci»l Funds. U«nt: .J Account 1867. Crown Landi Revenue Cuual Revenue Public InHtitutioD Revenue. Education Refunds Municipal Loan Fund Interext AjKoms Taxes Licfneeg . . Law Stamps Municipalities Fund CoiDiT'on School Lands Agricultural Farm, Miinico Drainafje AsBei>Bm«nt Public Works— MtscellaneoMB Central Prinon ("Capital Account, Ac. . . Marrisffx Licenses .*. Avricultural Colletje Capital Account. Assessments re Insurrince Office and Removal Fund . Drainage Dt- bentures Law Society Toronto Meiihanins' Institute Anu'.iiti''^ • e. 40000 00 2143.'i4 ,18 72 00 3782 28 11066 62 "5273' 99 2401 37 298.54 17 11792 71 9878 00 11225 00 1868. « c. 1869. 1870. in6P72 80 80(K10 00 136696 62 180 68 632113 65 31S.50 05 8591 90 24742 06 11 867 88 20287'i 21 15000 00 95 34 ' 74517 '43 31710 11 +339700 62 | ^2366810 63 Advance un Stocks 339700 52 llOS'Sl 28 80000 no 136r,96 62 283 99 6.'i32.'i7 12 12(8:i 78 8780 R5 24976 07 1186 .SS 191463 28 8(12*1 43 2664 11 fi89v4 74 8-'228 21 98015 30 128269 92 26531 00 §2697348 95 23(i(;810 63 I 2697348 !I5 996729 84 80000 00 136696 62 552888 03 20810 91 194.57 90 26649 17 158 169 '76 1461.3 66 2.M7 .56 60652 26 78477 94 88i«4 25 94903 82 37054 06 2.500695 70 J50U69.-. 70 1871. 1872. I 0. 803303 .38 mm 00 136696 62 707203 46 2.'l.567 20 20675 07 35450 65 ".38.568'i6 148703 60 ,5014 12 58.5-58 .55 77660 97 85038 20 77313 70 .35466 00 t c. 2333179 02 82.^303 38 80000 00 136696 62 1214.145 19 26776 99 25295 66 58797 53 ' '6017916 221757 95 7685 27 75355 96 87165 88 141859 86 80967 47 35361 00 1873. 950088 09 80000 00 136696 62 897371 92 77.365 83 31664 61 61480 21 "28951 '26 2580t0 43 3801 in) 821,52 78 96249 08 150126 78 73765 76 3713 14 41057 00 3060747 97 2961515 31 2333179 62 3060747 97 2961615 31 1874. 1116872 80 80000 00 136696 62 6243.58 65 28548 80 30700 99 55307 31 '8.3i90li"3.3 248130 68 6.571 43 11.5499 17 75164 01 91623 54 101266 09 1810 20 .<1443469 62 "'2888'3i 3416347 93 1116 80 136 638 24 27^ 57: '6,52.' 232: 5< lOTi 63! 451 56'. 15 31461 "m 3166( * Includes Receipts from Superanuated T'v^ars. f IndudM Receipts by Dominion 9166800 89. % do. do. 106034 14. I dik do. 7S1M6«. .— Tablk of Annual Receifts tbom 1867 to 1885. 73. 1874. 1876. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1873. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. 0. t c $ 0. « 0. 1 c $ c. t e. 1 c. $ c. • 0. t c $ e. $ 0. 10U0 08 !8 09 WOO )6 62 1 92 5 83 4 51 21 1116872 80 80000 00 136696 62 624a';8 65 28548 80 30700 99 55307 31 1116872 80 80000 00 136696 62 538892 10 24178 85 27832 .10 57808 25 1116872 80 80000 00 136696 62 534446 72 19457 23 34210 75 57805 65 1116872 80 80000 00 136696 62 529207 49 29526 ,35 ,39875 07 57781 38 1116872 80 8(1000 00 136696 62 360.384 66 20292 85 67999 76 51793 61 ■ 'i6288'82 156251 46 ,581 04 7.5.529 85 66291 82 28988 73 5,5905 53 5138 46 11883 40 521 91 9000 00 1116872 80 80000 00 136696 62 .300166 93 26642 32 66089 42 47961 95 1116872 80 80000 00 136696 62 667454 67 29592 91 75404 83 44284 27 1116872 80 l^OOOO 00 136e96 62 9.34870 41 32752 50 98782 01 31460 42 1116«72 80 80000 00 136696 62 10.397.30 84 30.578 77 81146 00 .30062 86 1116872 80 80000 00 136696 62 690967 76 29578 83 93846 43 28175 25 1116072 80 80000 00 207903 86 634029 24 .33182 68 109111 68 37069 36 1U6S72 80 •* 80000 00 279111 10 708480 14 31856 29 99112 62 38749 72 I 2ii 8.31905> 33 2481.30 68 5.571 43 115499 17 75164 01 91623 54 101266 09 1810 20 652,505 49 232101 06 5045 45 107590 10 63950 93 45171 94 56282 30 1233 04 113444 44 164170 43 4993 07 85257 56 . 6W.55 26 419;13 89 636,35 31 1487 ,50 16211 71 137 84 lfi.52 36 127645 70 9948 96 85220 17 71383 83 20186 49 46987 85 625 63 15289 70 51735 .^5 101812 26 1863 92 91207 68 66984 00 18613 87 40243 42 885 99 197.34 97 18 00 4166 66* 'i6i927'9.3 14099 22 92:«iO 72 52399 89 25785 63 296.35 77 707 95 6547 66 31 66 76324 28 4106 02 964H0 .50 61845 02 17156 71 27322 78 34 88 24975 68 4476 20 57521 79 2215 85 211353 71 66599 98 13738 74 22.n.37 43 625 60 23618 37 2647 96 43 1 W 2 78 9 08 « 78 5 76 3 14 2222,51 18 1032 ;« 78820 96 68756 99 37465 57 62039 84 1925 71 570 88 117 16 821,56 49 162,58 .56 91604 01 57502 10 19676 46 37977 14 625 65 9053 27 602'<4 86 1620 ,38 1623i0 07 66988 02 940:i 23 ( 18981 ,58 202 15 18079 29 .... 631)0 00 614 64 9798 02 773 36 2000 00 • 7 00 ' 4000 00 5 31 SM43459 62 3146161 2S 2536816 78 2462940 35 1 2254421 32 "30786' 13 2250269 73 24519;» 49 9 • • 2746772 98 2838542 56 2394193 42 ■'45748 '66 2523639 64 2689719 29 7701 19 .... 2888 31 10444 58 27406 05 25000 00 29625 69 1 1 37681 66 ;J6609 11 41973 80 41907 85 46037 37 37100 64 10000 00 14363 27 250643 67 271399 69 5 31 3446347 93 3156605 81 2589222 83 2502566 04 ' 725133 33 2285201 45 23724 21 2287951 39 763100 00 2487'44 60 832472 63 2788746 78 2880450 40 2439941 42 2820311 08 3005920 71 3227699 37 23089i;u 66 3051U61 39 3320017 23