IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) W/ // / <' c. / i< (/. 1.0 I.I 11.25 - IM 111112,2 IIIM i.4 2.0 .8 1.6 e ^, "' C), ^' '*? % ^. % -V i». Line of Pa V ing. Ordinary Culverts. Inclined Culverts. length of lever Cul- verta. 6. Having established the horizontal direction of the Culvert, it next becomes necessary to determine its vertical position — that is to say — its relative ele- vation with respect to the formation level and the general datum. 7. The centre line of the Culvert should be staked out, and a section thereon made to the distance of 50 or 100 feet, as circumstances may require, above and be- low the slope lines of embankment. On this section the fall of the stream should be shown by a line re- presenting the lowest points in its bed ; these points having been found by levels and otfsets in the usual way. 8. A straight line drawn on the section a few inches under the lowest points in the bed of de stream will represent the intended surface of Paving, or artificial bed. In ordinary cases the surface of Paving, or in- vert of the Culvert, should be, say 6 inches under the lowest points in the natural bed, and with an inclina- tion not exceeding 1 in 20, or 5 per 100. All Culverts with these moderate inclinations will for convenience be designated ordinary culverts, and will be con- structed in accordance with the Lithographed General Plans of Level Culverts. 9. Some sections of the Railway extend along side hill ground where the streams flow with a rapid fall. In such places it would add very largely to the cost of the work were ordinary Culverts insisted upon. For side hill ground a modified plan will therefore be adopted, having such an inclination as the circumstances of each case will justify. 10. The surface of Paving having been established in the manner above described, the length of the Cul- vert may now be ascertained, and the walls set out. 11. Table A is prepared for the purpose of finding readily the exact lengths of all ordinary kinds of Culverts ; the vertical distance between formation level and paving being known. Table A will give the half lengths of the box or arch, for all heights of em- bankment up to 80 feet, assuming the Culvert to be level, and at right angles to the centre line of Rail- \ at way. ' ukw -ovAvJ A. uv/ lijtilil 1ij!.' i tion of 3riTiine ve ele- id the staked f 50 01- nd be- sectiori ine re- points ? usual inches m will i-titicial or in- der the nclina- ulverts enience 36 con- jeneral L along a rapid \f to the insisted an will ition as iblished he Cul- set out. finding inds of rmation rive the 1 of em- t to be )f Rail- Length of incliiit'd Culverts. Skew Cul- verts. Use of Ta- ble A. 12. Table B is calcluated for inclined Culverts, and it will give the upper and lower half lengths for all in- clinations up to 1 in 5, and for all embankments rang- ing up to over 70 feet on the v^entre line. 13. Table C is the result ot calculations made for the purpose of enabling the Engineer to ascertain very readily in the field the proper length of Culverts of every description on the skew. 14. All these Tables are now furnished for the purpose of facilitating the work of setting out, and in order also to secure uniformiiij and accuracy on the various Districts, Divisions, and Sub-divisions. 15. The following examples will shew the intended use and application of these tables. 16. Suppose the vertical distance between the surface of Paving and formation level to be 50 feet, then bv Table A we find the half lens-ths of the box or arch in each respective case to be as follows. Wings of Culverts, at least so much of them as ex- tend beyond the barrel of arch, are not included in the following dimensions : — BoxCu vert, 2 ft 6X2 ft. 6 83 feet. Do. 2 ft. 6X4 ft ,.. 81 feet. Arch Culvert, 4 feet span 77 feet. Do. 5 feet span 75 feet. Do. 6 feet span 73 feet. Do. 8 feet span 69 feet. Do. 10 feet span 66 feet. Do 12 feet span 64 feet. These are the half lengths or distances to the right and left of the centre line of the Railway for the various kinds of Culverts, formation level being 50 feet above Paving ; the Culvert being horizontal, and at right angles to the Railway. 17. If the Culvert be inclmed to the horizon, then useof xa- the upper half length will be shortened, while the lower half length will be extended ; but the increase and diminution will not be in the same proportion. If we assume the inclination of the Culvert to be at the rate of 18 per 100, we shall find on reference to Table Skt'W Cul Uso of Ta Mp C. B that the following- arc the upper and lower half lengths for the san line, viz. — 50 feet : lengths for the same height of embankment at centre Half liMipths ppr Tiihlc IJ. Level liiilf IpiiRths Inclination, 18 per 100. pi-rTnbluA. Upper. Lower. Box Culvert, 2ft. (SX'l ft. 6 83 ft 65.3 113.(i Do. 2 ft. 6X4 ft 81 ft 63.7 110.9 Arch Culvert, 4 feet 77 ft... ...60.6 105.4 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 5feet 75 ft 59.0. • 6feet 73 ft 57.4. 8 feet 69 ft 54.3. 10 feet 66 ft 52.0. 102.7 KJO.O , 94.5 , 90.4 12feet 64ft 50.4 87.6 18. In the case of a Culvert on the skew, its lenu'th can be ascertained, if it is an ordinarv level Culvert, by multiplying the length given in 'J^nhle A, by the natural cosecant of the angle which the Cul- vert makes, with the centre line of Railway ; but if the Culvert, in addition to being sk^io, is inclined to the horizon, its upper and lower half lengths become more difficult to calculate. To find the lengths re- quired under all conditions of skew is the design of Table C; whether the Culvert be level, or inclined, it will only be necessary to multiply the half lengths found in Table A and B, as the case may be. by the quantities found in the proper column in Tible C, and opposite the angle of skew — that is to say — the anale which the Culvert makes with the Railwav. 19. If we take the case of a level, 2 ft. 6 by 4 ft., Box Culvert, with formation level 60 feet above Pav- ing, and having its centre line at an angle of 55° to the line of Railway. By Table A, opposite 60 feet in the lirst column, will be found the half length 97. In Table C, opposite 55°, we tind in the column for level Culverts 1.221 — this multiplied by 97, gives 118.4 feet, the half length of the Culv^ert. I need scarcely say that both halves of Culverts on the level are the same length. Skew slop- 20. If we suppose the same Culvert to have an in,cuiver.8 ij^^lination of 20 per 100, then in Table B, opposite 97, and in the inclination column of 20 per 100, we Skciv Level < iilvorts. .t. or half centre )pr Tjiblc B. 18 IKT 100. Lower. ...lli).9 ...105.4 ..102.7 , . 100.0 ... 94.5 ... 90.4 ... 87.6 evv, its y level '(tide A, lie Cul- ; but if lined to become •■ihs re- .'sign of ined, it leno'ths . by the Cake C, y — the ,vay. In* 4 ft., ve Pav- f 55° to 60 feet lo-th 97. mm for 7, gives I need he level lave an opposite 100, we find, for the upper half length, 74.8 feet, and for the lower half length, 138.6 feet; but these are the half lengths for a Culvert placed at right angles to tlie centre line of the Railway. We r.iust tuiMi to Table C\ where opposite ort^ in the 20 per 100 inclination column, we tind for upper half lengths 1.1()2, and for lower half lengths 1.348 ; these quantities multiplied into the former will give the true half lenoths of a Box Culvert 2 ft. 6X4 ft., on a skew of 55°, and on an inclination to the horizon of 20 })er 100. 74.8X1.162= 86.9 feet— the upper half length. 138.6X1.348== 186.8 feet— the lower half lenuth. 21. It should be clearly and distinctly understood that with the exce])tion of vertical distances, all dis- tances are calculated, and must invariably be set out on the ground on lines parallel to the horizon. The Engineer slnudd invariably run out the slope lines of embankment at each end of Cuhcrt, after the opera- tion of setting out has been com])leted, as a rough check, in order to make certain that no mistake has been committed. 22. In constructing (^ulverts on an inclination, the foundation and the work generally must receive the closest attention. Hie drawings which accompany this shew the general plan intended when the inclina- tion is considerable. The following points must especially be kept in view : (1.) The walls must be regularly stepped to in- sure stability. (2.) Every precaution must be taken to prevent any ])ortion of the water of the stream fr«)m getting underneath the paving, or the walls, or l>ehind the latter. (3.) The line of paving must be considerably lower than the original natural bed of stream ; the exact depth will depend on the inclination and other circumstances. (4.) The walls at the upper end should be entirely built in cement, and their connection with the ground made impervious to water by a liberal use of concrete deposited in a trench made for that purpose. Isf i.f Ta- bl.' C. All nion- surciucnts ill linrizoii- tal iiiid vcr- ticiii liiii'^. rian of Clin- Sitl'lK'tioii. 'i i ■? I i rrecautions f-n" 6 Concrete wall. liiling in. Drawiiifrs No.s. 1, 2, and 3. Depth of masonry. The 9ub- BtratuiD. (5.) A concrete wall must bo formed underneath and around the body of the Culvert about one-fourth or one-third of its length from the u))|)er end, this wall muist be made a perfectly water-tight partition across the ravine, at least as high as the crown of the arch at the upper end. (6.) The footings of walls must be full bedded in cement mortar, and as a rule, all the masonry must be built in the same material. (7.) The spaces underneath the paving, between and behind the walls, must be tilled in solid with concrete. The Paving must be lai 1 before the con- crete sets, and grouted in solid with cement. 23. Drawings of Arch and Box Culverts have been prepared for the purpose of shewing tiie plan of construction rendered necessary where the inclination is considerable. Drawing No 1, which accompanies this, is the plan intended tV)r Culverts having inclina- tion ranging from 6 per 100 to 12 per 100, inclusive. Drawings No. 2 and 3 are for Culverts having in- clination ranging from 14 per 100 to 20 per 100 : these drawings will explain themselves. If it should prove necessary, in any case, to construct Culverts with a greater inclination than 20 per 100, special designs must be prepared and approved. All ordinary Cul- verts — that is to say — those that have a less inclina- tion than G per 100, will be built in accordance with the General Plan of Level Culverts. 24. In all cases the masonry must be carried down to a firm and solid stratum, sufficiently firm to resist the superincumbent load, and it must be at such a depth as to be entirely out of the way of frost, and such that it never can, under any circumstances, be exposed to the undermining action of running water. When the foundation pits have been excavated to a sufficient depth beyond the frost limit, and the stratum reached, appears at all insecure, the soft material must either be removed to a greater depth, or proper means taken to form a firm and durable artificial support for the masonry. 25. The masonry must not be commenced at any place, however solid the stratum may appear (unless ?rnoath -fourth id, this :\rtiti«)U own of Ided in lasonry )etween d with be cen- ts have ph-in of lination n panics inclina- chisive. 'ing in- ) : these d pnn^e with a designs irv Cul- « inclina- ice with ed down to resist such a ind such exposed When iufficient stratum material r proper artificial d at any ' (unless it unquestionably be solid r(>ck) until the nature of the substratum be ascertained. This mav be done by driving iron rods, or in special cases, by means of borings sunk at various points over the base of the intended structure. There must be no doubt left in the mind of the Engineer in charge as to the perfect- ly firm nature of the foundation, and he must leave nothing undone to satisfy himself on this point before any portion of the masonry is proceeded with. 2(). When an v doubt is felt as to the sufficiencv of Artinciai , . ^ , • I "^ 1 foundations the foundation stratum, the unhrm soil must either be removed to a greater depth, or the District Engineer inmiediately consulted as to the means to be em- ployed in preparing a solid foundation by artificial means. In some cases a platform of timbers laid with <'oncrete will suffice, or it may be necessary to enclose the whole in a substantiallv constructed cof- ferdam of sheet piling, [f the structure be large, and the superincumbent load very heavy, it may be neces- sary t(^ drive piles over the entire base of the intended structure, to assist in bearing the load. 27. In all cases every means deemed necessary to secure perfect stability must be adopted. In founda- tion works, more especially, it will not do to run any risk whatever. 28. Where the stratum on the site of the intended Kockfoun- . dations. structure is rock, it will not be necessary to excavate to the same depth as in ordinary cases. 29. It wqll be sufficient to remove all rotten, loose, or decayed parts of the rock, and to cut and dress it to horizontal plain surfaces at such depth under the bed of the stream as will leave the surface of the Paving on the proper line. 30. It will be necessary, how^ever, to exclude all water from between the rock and the masonry, to prevent any injurious results from frost. All cracks and hollows in the rock must therefore be filled in with hydraulic cement and concrete, and the first courses of masonry must invariably be laid in a full bed of cement mortar. 31. Before the masonry of a Culvert is commenced, fofrj^jg""^ it will be necessary to see that the stone and cement commenced ■ Striicturo liudk. Levels mid lucasurc- niciits to be kept. Plans ol' niii^oiir)' as executed. Standard drawings. Change of structure in certain cases. delivered on the o-vound is of i^ood (|ii;ilily, and in siitfi(;ient (jUMntity to eiuiUh* the (Contractor to (;nrrv on the work ro<>'uhirlv and .sy.steniati('allv. The Kniiinoer in (•liarth, and in accordance with instructions. 82. A Structure Hook must be kejit, slicwiiiL, tlie details of all masonry work executed on each (con- tract; it will exhibit each structure in consecutive order; and in the case of liridges, each abutment and ])ier will be shewn separately. 33. Whilst the masonry of any JJridge or Culvert is being commenced, the Engineer in charge will ascer- tain bv levellini:' from the Bench Mark and by other measurements, the exact level of the foundation pits, and the exact position of every point where there is a chan^'c of level or of line in the walls, he wdl enter these in his Note IJook, and he will, as soon as con- venient, make a plan of the niasonry exactly as built. 34. The levels and measurements of the founda- tions must on no account be overlooked, as plans of each structure, precisely as executed, will be required, properly attested by the Engineers in charge. I'hese plans must shew the exact height of the foundaticms at the centre and ends of the Pavino- and of other prominent points in the structure, above datum. The levels, &c., should invariably be made as the work is executed, and before any portion is covered up. Plans of all masonry executed, with full dimensions written thereon must, without delay, be forwarded to the District Office. 3d. The General Drawings, including those which accompany this, ?re to be adhered to as the standards for works to be constructed. It will frequently be necessary to make minor alterations to meet local peculiarities, but the District and Division Engineers will see that the general designs, the specifications, and these instructions are substantially carried out. Special plans of structures must be approved by the undersigned. 36. Without reducing the standard or efficiency of the works, a change in the form or character of 111(1 ill rrv on niiiocr )iiiitli, 111; tlio li (poli- ce II tive Mit .-uul "'ulvert I nscer- V otlier )11 i>!ts, ere is a II enter as con- s bnilt. foiiiida- ilniis of }(|iiired, These idations )t' other ,1. The work is red up. lensioiis irded to e which tandards ?ntlv be et local tmineers ications, "ied out. :l by the fficiency •acter of 9 the structure may in certain cases very greatly ac- commodate the Contractors, for examj)le — the only (|uarries avnilablo in the locality may yield stoneg better suited for building 2iX4 Culverts than 3X3 Culverts; or it may prove altogether im[)racticable for the Contractor to })rocar(^ within a reasonable cost the covers recjuired for large Box Culverts, while suita- ble materials for small Arch Culverts mav easilv be obtained. In all such cases the District Engineer may sanction a change, maintaining, of course, the original water-way; ho will also communicate the circumstances to the undersigned. 37. The scheme alluded to in General Instructions »'ii'y<'- No. 3, and requested to be carried out, will ailbrd the >-.i)oris. resident otticers on contracts daily o[>i)ortunities of drawing attention to any question that may come up ; to any difficulty met with ; to any neglect of orders ; to any bad workmanship, (r defective materials; to any dispute, o'* to any other matter or thing which should Ije u'ade known to those over them ; and they should not tail to take full advantage of the oppor- tunity so provided. In the event of bad material being delivered on the ground, or bad workmanship executed, a single reference to it will not be held suffi- cient ; the matter, whatever it may bo, should be alluded to fre([uently until rectitied. 38. Masonry must be set out with the greatest staudani ])recision. All instruments used in sotting out or '"'"'""■''•' measureing up must be kept in perfect adjustment. Standard measures must be maintained in efficient condition at all the District Offices, and at one office at least on each contract: it will be the duty of Dis- trict and Division Engineers to see that this is not neglected. All measures in daily use must be fre- quently tested with the standards, and kept in true adjustment. SANDFOllD FLEMING, Chief Engineer. Halifax, June 1st, 1869. T 'i < I ■B, Table ^. Shewing the half lengths of Culverts (from Centre Line to the end of arch ) for every height of Embankment (above paving) up to 80 feet^ assumiiig the Cul- verts to be on a level- -that is to say — u-lthotU any inclination betivpen the Upper and Lower ends, and also at right a7igles to the Centre lAne of Raihvay. Heifihtoffor- Box Culvkrts. mation ipvol : above paviiip : in centre of 2.6 X 2 Culverts. ! Arch Cplverts. 2.6 X 4 ft. 4 feet. 6 feet. 6 foet. 5 feet. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 U 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 24 o; 26 27 28 30 31 11.0 12.5 14.0 15.5 17.0 19.0 20.5 22.0 23.5 25.0 27.0 28.5 30.0 81.5 33.0 35.0 36.5 38.0 89.5 41.0 43.0 44.5 46.0 47.5 49.0 51.0 52.5 10.5 12.0 13.5 15.0 17.0 18.5 20.0 21.5 23.0 25.0 26.5 29.5 31 33.0 34.5 36.0 37.5 39.0 41.0 42.5 44.0 45.5 47.0 49.0 50.5 19.0 21.0 22.5 28.01 24.0 25.5 32.0 33.5 35.0 37.0 38.5 40.0 41.5 43.0 13.0 14.5; \ 16. OJ I 17.5' 16. 5I 18.0 19, o 22.5 24.0 27.0! 25.5 30.5! 28.5 31.5 33.0 35.0 36.5 38.0 39.5 41.0 45.0! 43.0 46.5 44.5 17.5 21.0; 19.0 20.5 22.0 23.5 29.0^ 27.0: 25.0 26.5 30.01 28.0 29.5 31.0 33.0 34.5 36.0 37.5 39.0 41.0 42.5 8 feet. 16.0 17.5 19.0 21.0 22.5 24.0 25.5 27.0 37.0 38.5 10 feet. 35.0 32.0 34.0 35.5 12 feet. 16.5 18.0 16.0 19.5 1 T ►- 21.0 19.0 22.5' 20.5 24.0! 22.0 29.0 26.0; 24.0 30.5 27. 5j 25.5 32.0: 29.0 27.0 33.5 30.5 28.5 30.0 32.0 33.5 n j# il T al> 1 €» A. — Contin lied. Shewing the half lengths of Culverts (from Cimtre Line to the end of arch) for every height of Einbanhnent (above paving) up to Hi) feet, assuming the Cul- verts to be on a level — that is to say — ivithout any inclination between the Upper and Lower ends, and also at right angles to the Centre Line. Moight of I'dniiiition Box Culverts. Aucii Culverts. Li'vcl above paviiiff. 2.G X 2.6 54.0 2.6 X 4 ft. 4 f.'et. 5 foot. feot. 8 feet. 10 feet. 12 feet. nfeet. 52.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 40.0 37.0 35.0 33 55.5 53.5 49.5 47.5 45.5 41.5 38.5 36.5 34 57.0 55.0 51.0 49.0 47.0 43.0 40.0 38.0 35 59.0 57.0 53.0 51.0 49.0 45.0 42.0 40.0 36 60.5 58.5 54.5 52.5 50.5 46.5 43.5 41.5 37 62.0 60.0 56.0 54.0 52.0 48.0 45.0 43.0 38 63.5 61.5 57 . 5 55 . 5 53.5 49.5 46.5 44.5 39 65.0 63.0 59.0 57.0 55 . 51.0 48.0 46.0 40 67.0 65.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 53.0 50.0 48.0 41 68.5 m.b 62.5 60.5 58.5 54.5 51 . 5 49.5 42 70.0 68.0 64.0 62.0 60.0 '56 53.0 51.0 43 71.5 69.5 65 . 5 63.5 61.5 57.5 54.5 52.5 44 73.0 71.0 67.0 65.0 63.0 59.0 56.0 54.0 45 75.0 73.0 69.0 67.0 65.0 61.0 58.0 56.0 40 76.5 74.5 70.5 68.5 66.5 62.5 C9.5 57.5 47 78.0 76.0 72.0 70.0 68.0 64.0 61.0 59.0 48 79.5 77.5 73.5 71.5 69.5 65.5 62.5 60.5 49 81 79.0 75.0 73.0 71.0 67 64.0 62.0 50 83.0 81.0 77.0 75.0 73.0 69.0 66.0 64.0 51 84.5 82.5 78.5 76.5 74.5 70.5 67.5 65 . 5 52 86.0 84.0 80.0 78.0 76.0 72.0 69.0 67.0 53 87.5 85.5 81.5 79.5 77.5 73.6 70.5 68.5 54 89.0 87.0 83.0 81.0 79.0 75.0 72.0 70.0 55 91.0 89.0 85.0 83.0 81.0 77.0 74 72.0 56 92.5 90.5 86.5 84-5 82.5 78.5 75.5 73.5 67 94.0 92.0 88.0 86.0 84.0 80.0 77.0 75.0 58 95.5 93.5 89.5 87 . 5 85.5 81.5 78.6 76.6 il arch) for t the Cid- 'he Upper 12 feet. 35.0 36.5 38.0 40.0 41.5 43.0 44.5 46.0 48.0 49 . 5 51.0 52.5 54.0 56.0 57.5 59.0 60.5 62.0 64.0 65.5 67.0 68.5 70.0 72.0 73.5 75.0 76.5 Tallle Al. — Continued. Shinving the half lengths of Cnl verts (from Centre Line to the end of arch) for every height of Emhanhnent (above paving) up to ^0 feet, assuming the (Cul- verts to be on a level — that is to say — without any Inclination between the Upper and Lower ends, Mid also at right angles to the Centre Line. Hciplit of Formation Box CULVEIITS. Arch Culverts. Level above paving. 2.6 X 2.6 2.6 X 4 ft. 4 foet. ,"; feet. C feet. 8 foet. 10 foet. 12 feet. 59 feet. 97.0 95.0 91.0 60 99.0 97.0 93.0 61 100.5 98.5 94.5 62 102.0 100.0 96.0 03 103.5 101.5 97.5 64 105.0 103.0 99.0 i]5 107.0 105.0 101.0' ij\j 108.5 106.5 102.5 67 110.0 108.0 104.0 (IS 111.5 109.5 105.5! 69 113.0 111.0 107.0 70 115.0 113.0 109.0; 71 116.5 114.5 110.5 72 118.0 116.0 112.0 73 119.5 117.5 113.5 74 121.0 119.0 115.0 75 123.0 121.0 117.0 76 124.5 122.5 118.5 77 126.0 124.0 120.0 78 127.5 125 5 121.5 79 129.0 127.0 123.0 80 131.0 129.0 125.0 89.0 91.0 92.5 94.0 95.5 97.0 99.0 100.5 102.0 103.5 105.0 107.0 108.5 110.0 111.5' 113. o; 115.0: 116.5! 118. 0; 119.5! 121.0 123 Oi 87. ' 89.0 90.5 92.0 93.5 95.0 97.0 98.5 100.0 101.5 103.0 105.0 106.5 108.0 109.5 111.0 113.0 114.5 116.0 117.5 119.0 121.0 83.0 85.0 86.5 88.0 89.5 91.0 93.0 84.5 96.0 97.5 99.0 101.0 102.5 104.0 105.5 107.0 109.0 110.5 112.0 113.5 115.0 117.0 80.0 82.0 83.5 85.0 86.5 88.0 90.0 91.5 93.0 94.5 96.0 98.0 99.5 101.0 102.5 104.0 106.0 107.5 109.0 110.5 112.0 114.0 78.0 80.0 81.5 83.0 84.5 86.0 88.0 89.5 91.0 92.5 94 96.0 97.5 99.0 100.5 102.0 104.0 105.5 107.0 108.5 110.0 112.0 NoTK.— The lino of paving must always be a few incliea at least undar the lowest points in Uie natural bed of streams. See General Instructions (No. 3) in reference to this. The height of forma- tioii level above lino of paving at the intersection of centre line l>eing found in the first column, the half lengths of Arches or Hox Culverts of each kind will be seen in the respective columns opposite. I'he wings of Arch Culverta, at least so much ai extend beyond the ends of arch, are not included in the above half lengths. ■ m I Tal>le 13— FOR SETTING OUT This Table given the hii\f lengths rf Culverts for various inclinations, ranging from A, being given in the first column ; the upper and lower half lengths will be tances given in this Table are to he set out on €.e ground horizontally C not LEVKL. 1 per 100. 2 per 100. 8 per 100. 4 pel • 100. 5 per 100. Half Lengths piT 'I'ablt' A. Upper, j Lower. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Ui)ppr. Lower. Upi)er. Lower. 10 9.9 10.1 9.7 10.3 O.o' 10.5 9.4 10.6 9.3 10.8 11 10.9 11.1 10.7 11.3 10.5 11.5 10.3 11.7 10.2 11.9 12 11.9 12.1 11.6 12.4 11.5 12.6 11.3 12.7 11.2 13.0 13 12.8 13.2 12.6 13.4 12.4 13.6 12.3 13.8 12.1 14.0 14 13.8 14.2 13.6 14.4 13.4 14.7 13.2 14.9 13.1 15.1 15 14.8 15.2 14.6 15.5 14.3 15.7 14.1 15.9 14.0 16.2 16 15.8 16.2 15.5 16.5 15.2 16.7 15.6 17.0 14.9 17.3 17 1G.7 17.2 16.5 17.5 16. 2 17.8 16.0 18.0 15.9 18.4 18 17.7 18.2 17.5 18.6 17.2 18.8 17.0 19.1 16.8 19.4 19 18.7 19.3 18.5 19.6 18.1 19.9 17.9 20.2 17.7 20.5 20 19.7 20.3 19.4 20.6 19.1 20.9 18.9 21.3 18.7 21.6 21 20.6 21.3 20.4 21.7 20.0 22.9 19.8 22.3 19.6 22.7 22 21.6 22.3 21.4 22.7 21.0 23.1 20.8 23.4 20.5 23 -.8 23 22.6 23.4 22.4 23.7 22.0 24.1 21.7 24.5 21.4 24.8 24 23.6 24.4 23.3 24.7 22.9 25 . 2 .22.7 25.5 22.4 25.9 25 24.6 25.4 24.3 25.8 23.9 26.2 23.6 26.6 23.3 27.0 26 25.6 26.4 25.3 26.8 24.8 27.2 24.6 27.6 24.2 28.1 27 26.6 27 4 26.2 27.8 25.8 28.2 25.5 28.7 25.1 29.2 28 27.6 28.4 27.2 28.9 26.8 29.3 26.4 29.8 26.1 30.2 29 28.6 29.4 28.2 29.9 27.7 30.3 27 >4 30.8 27.0 31.4 30 29.5 30.5 29.1 31.0 28.7 31.4 28.3 31.9 27.9 32.4 31 30.5 31.5 30.1 32.0 29.6 32.4 29.2 33,0 28.9 33.5 32 31.5 32.5 31.1 33.0 30.6 33.5 30.2 34.0 29.8 34.5 83 32.5 33.5 32.0 84.0 31.6 34.5 .31.1 35.1 30.7 35.6 84 33.5 34.5 33.0 35.0 32.5 35.6 32.0 36.1 31.7 36.7 86 34.5 35.5 34.0 36.1 33.5 36.6 33.0 37.2 32.6 37.8 P 35.5 36.5 34.9 37.1 34.4 37.7 33.9 38.3 33. 6j 38.8 36.5 37.5 36.0 38.1 35.4 38.7 34.9 39.4 34.5 40.0 88 37.4 38.6 36.9 39.2 36.4 39.8 35.8 40.4 35.4 41.1 89 38.4 39.6 37.9 40.2 37.3 40.8 36.8 41.5 36.3 42.2 I 9. 10. 11. 12. 12. 13. 14. 15. 10.. 17. 18.. 10, 20, 21. 22. 22. 2;) , 30, 31. 32. 33. 33. 34. 35. [G OUT ■jiufi from /is will he tally (not per 100. )or. Lower. 1.3 10.8 ).2 11.9 .2 13.0 M 14.0 J.l 15.1 t.o; 16.2 t.9 17.3 ).9 18.4 B.8 19.4 1.1 20.5 H.7 21.6 3.6 22.7 O.T) 23 -.8 1.4 24.8 2.4 25.9 3.3 27.0 4.2 28.1 5.1 29.2 G.l 30.2 7.0 31.4 7.9 32.4 8.9 33.5 9.8 34.5 0.7 35.6 1.7 36.7 2.6 37.8 3.5 38.8 4.5 40.0 i 5.4 41.1 6.3 42.2 CULVERTS ON SLOPING (i ROUND. 1 j)(;r 100 to 20 per 100. T/ie half hmiths of Level Culvorts, as found hj Tnhh' found for each respective inclination on the line opposite. Ohserre that all dis' on the inclination.) 6poi 100. 7 pel •100. 8 per 100. 9 pel •100. 10 pe Upper. rlOO. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Lower. 9.2 11.0 9.1 11.2 8.9 11.4 8.8 11.6 8.7 11.8 10.1 12.1 10.0 12.3 9.8 12.5 9.7 12.8 9.6 13.0 11.0 13,2 10.9 13.4 10.7 13.7 10.6 13.9 10.4 14.1 12.0 14.3 11.8 14.5 11.6 14.8 11.4 15.0 11.3 15.3 12.9 15.4 12.7 15.6 12.5 15.9 12.3 16.2 12.1 16.5 13.8 16.0 13.6 16.8 13.4 17.0 13.2 17.3 13.0 17.6 14.7 17.6 14.5 17.9 14.3 18.1 14.1 18 5 13.8 18.8 15.6 1."..7 15.4 19.0 15.2 19.3 15.0 19.6 14.7 20.0 16.5 19.8 16.3 20.1 16.1 20.4 15.8 20.8 15.6 21.1 17.4 20.9 17.2 21.2 16.9 21.6 16.7 21.9 16.5 22.3 18.4 22.0 18.1 22.3 17.8 22 . 7 17.6 23.1 17.3 23.5 19.3 23.1 19.0 . 23.5 18.7 23.8 18.5 24.3 18.2 24.7 20.1 24.2 19.9 24.6 19.5 25.0 19.4 25.4 19.1 25.9 21.1 25.3 20.8 25.7 20.5 26.1 20.2 26.6 19.9 27.0 22.0 26.4 21.7 26 8 21.4 27.2 21.1 27.7 20.8 28.2 22.9 27.5 22.6 27.9 22.3 28.4 22.0 28.9 21.7 29.4 23.8 28.6 23.5 29.0 23 2 29 . 5 22.9 30.1 22.5 30.6 24.7 29 . 7 24.4 30.1 24.1 30.7 23.8 31.2 23.4 31.8 25.7 30.8 25.3 31.2 25.0 31.8 24.6 32.4 24.3 32.9 26 6 31.9 26.2 32.4 25.9 32.9 25.5 33.5 25.1 34.1 27.5 33.0 27.1 33.5 26.8 34.1 26.4 34.7 26.0 35.3 28.4 34.1 28.1 34.6 27.7 35.2 27.3 35.9 26.9 36.5 29.3 35.2 29.0 35.7 28.6 36.4 28.2 37.0 27.8 37.7 30.3 36.3 29.9 36.9 29.5 37.5 29.0 38.2 28.6 38.8 31.2 37.4 30.8 38.0 30.4 38.6 29.9 39.3 29.5 40.0 32.1 38.5 31.7 39 1 31.3 39.8 30.8 40.5 30.4 41.2 33.0 39.6 32.6 40.2 32.2 40.9 31.7 j 41.6 31.2 42.3 33.9 40.7 33.5 41.3 33.1 42.0 32.6 42.8 32.1 43.5 34.9 41.8 34.4 42.4 34.0 43.2 33.4 43.9 33.0 44.7 35.8 41.9 35.3 43.6 34.9 44.3 34.3 1 45.1 i 33.8 45.9 H: Table B— FOR SETTING OUT This Tuhle (fives the half lenr/ths of Culverts for various inclinations, ronf/iiuj from A, being given in the first column ; the upper and lower half Ic^u/fhs will he tances given in this Table are to be set out on the ground horizontally (not I . — _ . LEVEL. lliilf LpiiKths per lubli.' A. 11 per 100. 12 per 100, 18 per 100. 14 per 100. 15 per 100. 1 Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower, Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Upp 10 8.6 12.0 8.5 12.2' 8.4 12.4 8.3 12.7 8.2 12.9 8, 11 9.5 13.2 9.4 13.4 1 9.2 13.6 9.1 14.0 9.0 14.2 8, 12 10.3 14.4 10.2 14.0 10.1 14,9 10.0 15.2 9.8 15.5 9. 13 11.2 15.6 11.0 15.9 10.9 16.2 10.8 16.5 10.6 16.8 ; 10. ! ;. .14 12.0 10.8 11.9, 17.1 11.7 17.4 11.6 17.7 11.4 18.1 i 11. ' 1 15 12.9 18.0 12.7 18.3 12.5 18.6 12.4 19.0 12.2 19.4 12. 16 13.8 19.2 13.6 19.5 13.3 19.9 13.2 20.3 13.0 20.7 1 12. 17 14.6 20.4 14.4 20,7 14.2 21.1 14,1 2i,5 13,8 22. (» 13, 18 15.4 21.6 15.3 22.0 15.0 22.4 14,9 22.8 14.7 23 . 2 14, i i:f \ ^9 16.3 22.7 16.1 23.2 15.9 23.6 15.7 24.0 15.5 24.5 15, 1 20 21 17.2 23.9 17.0 24.4 16.7 24.9 16.6 25.3 16.3 25,8 ! '^• 18.1 25.2 17.8 25.6 17.5 26.1 17.4 26.6 17,1 27.1 17. 17. 22 18.9 26.3 18.7 26.8 18.4 27.4 18.2 27.8 17.9 28.4 11 23 19.8 27.5 • 19.5 28.1 19.2 28.6 19.0 29.1 18.7 29.6 18. 24 • !l ' 25 20.0 28.7 20.3 29.3 20.1 29.9 19.9 30.3 19.6 30.9 19. 21.5 29.9 21.2 30.5 20.9 31.1 20,7 31.6 20.4 32.2 20. 26 22.3 31.1 22.0 31.7 21.7 32.3 21,5 32.9 21.2 33.5 21. 1 ^^ 23.2 32.3 22.9 32.9 22.6 33.6 22.3 34.1 22.0 34. H 1 ^^' 28 24.1 33.5 23.8 34.2 23.4 34.8 23.2 35.4 22,9 36.1 22. ' ^ 29 24.9 34.7 24.6 35.4 24.3 36.1 24.0 36,7 23.7 37.4 23. ■ 30 25.7 35.9 25.4 36.6 25.1 37.3 24.8 37.9 24.5 38.7 24. 1 81 26.6 37.1 26.3 37.8 25.9 38.5 25.6 39.2 25.3 40.0 25. 32 27.4 38.3 27.2 39.0 26.8 39.8 26.4 40.5 26.1 41.3 25. f 38 28.4 39.5 28.0 40.3 27.6 41.0 27.3 41.8 26.9 42,0 \ 43 . 9 26. i W ^* 29 1 40 7 28.9 41.6 28.5 42.3 28.1 43.0 27,8 1 27. 35 30.0 41.9 29.7 42.7 29.3 43.5 28.9 44.3 28.6 45.2 28. 36 30.8 43.1 30.5 44.0 30.1 44.7 29.7 45.6 29.4 46.5 29, 37 31.7 44.3 31.4 45.1 31.0 46.0 30.6 46.8 30.2 47.8 29. 88 32.7 45.5 32.2 46.4 31.8 47.2 31.4 48.1 31,0 49.0 30. 89 33.4 46.7 33.1 47.6 ^ 32.6 48.5 i 32.3 i 49.3 31.8 50.3 31. [} OUT ing from IS will he ulli/ (not per 100. T. Lower. .2 .0 .8 12.1) 14.2 15.5 6; 10.8 .4! 18.1 .2 .0 19.4 20.7 .8 22.0 23.2 24.5 25.8 27.1 28.4 2D.G 30 9 32 . 2 33.5 34.8 36.1 37.4 38.7 40.0 .5 ;.3 .1 '.9 \.7 ).G ).4 L.2 2.0 2.9 3.7 4.5 5.3 G.l I G.9 7.8 8.6 19.4 iO.2 11.0 11.8 41.3 42. G 43.9 45.2 4G.5 47.8 49.0 50.3 CULVERTS ON SLOPING GVlOl]:SD.— C,mlinHed. 1 per 100 to 20 per 100. T/^e hcilf lengths of Level Culverts, as found by Talk found for each respictire inclination on the line oj)posite. Observe that all dis- on the inclination.) 16 per 100. 17 per 100. 18 pc rlOO. 19 pe rlOO. 20 per 100. Upper. Low er. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Upper, Lower. Upper. Lower. 8.1 13.2 8,0 13.4 7.9 13.7 7.8 14.0 7.7 14.3 8.9 14.5 8.8 14.7 8.7 15.1 8.6 15.4 8.5 15.7 9.7 15.8 9 6 10.1 9.5 16.4 9.4 16.8 9.2 17.1 10.5 17.1 10.4 17.5 10.3 17.8 10.1 18.2 10.0 18.6 11.3 18.4 11.2 18.8 11.1 1 9 . 2 JO. 9 19. 10.7 20.0 12.1 19.7 12.0 20.1 11.8 20.5 11.7 21.0 11.5 21.4 12.9 21.0 12.8 21.5 12.6 21.9 12,5 22.4 12.3 22.8 13.7 22.3 13.6 22.8 13.4 23.2 13.3 23.8 13.0 24.2 14.5 23.7 14.4 24.2 14.2 24.6 14.0 25.2 13.8 25.6 15.3 25.0 15.2 25 . 5 15.0 26.0 14.8 26.6 14.6 l7.1 16.2 26 3 16.0 26.9 15.8 27.4 15.6 28.0 15.3 28.5 17.0 27.6 16.7 28 . 2 16.5 28.7 16.4 20.4 16.1 29.9 17.8 28.9 17.5 29 . 6 17.3 30.1 17.2 30.8 16.9 31.3 18. G 30.3 18.3 30.9 18.1 31.5 17.9 32.2 17.6 32.8 19.4 31.6 19.1 32.3 18.9 32.8 18.7 33.6 18.4 34.3 20.2 32 . 9 19.9 33.6 19.7 34.2 19.5 35.0 19.2 35.7 21.0 34.2 20.7 34.9 20.5 35.6 20.3 36.4 20.0 37.1 21.8 35 . 5 21.5 36.3 21.3 36.9 21.0 37.7 20.7 38 . (! 22.6 36.8 22.3 37.6 22.1 38 .3 21.8 39.2 21.5 40,0 23.4 38.1 23.1 39.0 22.9 39.7 22.6 40.6 22.3 41.4 24.2 39 . 5 23.9 40.3 23.7 41.1 23.3 41.9 23.0 42.9 25.0 40.8 24.7 41.6 24.4 42.4 24.1 43.3 23.8 44.3 25.8 42.1 25.5 43 25.2 43.8 24.9 44.7 24.5 45.7 26.6 43.4 26.3 44.3 26.0 45.1 25.7 46.1 25.3 17.1 27.4 44.7 27 1 45.7 26.8 46.5 26.4 47.5 26.1 48.6 28.2 46.0 27.9 47.0 27.6 47.9 27.2 48.9 26.9 50.0 29.0 47.3 28.7 48.3 28.4 49.3 28.0 50.3 27.7 51.4 29.8 48.6 29.5 49.7 29.2 50.6 28.8 51.7 28.4 52.9 30.6 50.0 30.3 51.0 30.0 52.0 29.5 63.1 29.2 54.3 31.4 51.3 31.1 52.4 30.7 53.4 30.3 54.5 30.0 55.7 I Tfible 13— FOR SETTING OUT Tills Table (flees the haJfleutfths of Culverts fur various inclinations, ramilnfi from A, helnr/ r/lven In the first coliunn ; the upper and lower half lenr/ths will he tances given in this Table are to be set ont on the ground horizontally C not § LKVKL. 1 per 100. 2 per 100. 8 per 100. 4 per 100. 5 per 100. 1 llnil Longtlis 1 JUT Tnl):*' A. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. 1 Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. j 40 39.4 40. G 38.8 41.2! 38.3 41.9 37.7 1 42. G 37.2 43.2 41 40.4' 41. (J 30.8' 42.3 39.3 1 1 ' ' 42.9 38.6 43. G 38 . 2 44.3 42 41.4 42. G 40.8 43.3 40.2 44.0 39.6 44.7 39.1 45.4 43 42.3 43.7 41.7 44.3 41.2 45.0 40.5 45.8 40.0 4G.5 \ 44 43.2 44.7 42.7 45.4 42. i 46.1 41.5 46.8 41.0 47.5 45 44.3 45.7 43.7 46.4 43.1 47.1 42.4 47.8 41.9 48. G i 46 45.3 46.7 44.6 47.4 44.1 48.2 43.4 49.0 42.8: 49 7 47 46.3 47.7 1 45. G 48.4 1 45.0: 49.2 ■i 41.3 50 . 43.8 50.8 I 48 47.3 48.7 46. G 49.5 1 45.9 50.3 45.3 51.1 44.7 51.9 f 49 48.3 49.7 47. G 50. 4G.9' 51.3 1 1 4G.2 52.2 45. G 53.0 L 50 49.2 50.7 48.5 51.5 47.9 52.4 47.2 53.2 46.5 54.0 1 51 50.2 51.8 49.5 52.6 48.8 53.4 48.1 54.3 47. 5| 55.1 1 52 51.2 52.8 50.5 53.6 1 49.7 54.5 49.1 55.3 48.4 56.2 1 53 52.2 53.8 51.4 54.6 50.7 55.0 50.0 56.4 49.3 57.3 1 54 53.2 54.8 52.4 55.7 51. 7I 5G.o' 51.0 1 57.5 50.3; 58.4 1 51.2' 59.4 i| 55 54.2 55.8 53.4 5G.7 1 1 1 o'2.C) 57. G 51.9 1 58 . 5 56 55.2 56.8' 54.3 57.7 53.5 58.7 52.8 59. G 52.1 GO. 5 { 57 5G.2 57.8 55.3 58.8 54.5 59.7 53.8 GO.G .W.O Gl.G ! 58 57.1 58.8 5G.3 59.8 55.5 GO. 8 1 54.7 61.7 54.0 62.7 59 58.1 59.8 57.3' 60.8 1 1 56.4 G1.8 55. G 62. 8 54.9 63.8 1 60 59.1 60.8 58.2 61.8 [ 1 57.4 G'^.O 56. G 63.8 55.8 64.8 1 1 i 61 GO.l 61.8 59.2 62.9 ; i 58.4 63.9 57.5 G4.9 56.7 65.9 62 61.1 62.9 60.2 1 63. i) 59.3 65.0 r 58.5 65.9 57.7 67.0 63 62.0 63.9^ 61.1 65.0 60.3 GG.O 59.4 67.0 58.6' G8.1 1 64 63.0 64. 9', 62.1 66.0 G1.2 67.0 1 60.4 68.0 59. G 69.2 63 64.0 66.0 63.1 67.0 62.2 68.1 1 61.3 69.1 60.5 70.3 66 65.0 67. 0' 64.0 G8.0^ G3.1 69.1 62. 3 70.2 61.4 71.3 67 6G.0 68. 0| 65.0 G9.0 64.1 70.2 63.2 71.2 62.4 72.4 68 G7.0 69.0 GG.O 70.1 65. 1' 71.2 ' 1 64.2 72.3 63.3 73.5 69 67.9 70.0 67.0 71.1 GG.O 72.3' 65.1 73.4 64.2' 74.6 1 52, 53, 54. 55 00. 5(;, 57 . 57 59 GO Gl 62, 63, OUT iiKj from s will he illy (not wr 100. r. f.OWl'l'. ,2 43.2 .2 44.3 .1 45.4 .0 40. 5 O! 47. .9j 48. .8| 49 .s! 50. .71 51. .6 (.5 53 54 .5 55 !.4| 56. I.3| 57. 1.3. 58. ..2i 59. M 60. ;.0 61. L0| 62. L9' 63. ).8' 64. i 5.71 (S'i. \7| 67. 5.6 68. ).6^ 69. ).5J 70. 1.4' 71. }.4 72, J. 3 73, L2 74, ;» 6 7 8 9 1 3 4 4 5 G / 8 8 9 1 2 3 3 4 CULVERTS ON SLOPING (WlOll'SD.— Contlmiecl 1 per 100 lo 20 per 100. The halflengtlis of Level Culrcrts. asjouiul hi/ 7hbl'- found for each respective inclination on the line opposite. Observe that all dis- on the inclination.) 6pei •100. 7 pel •100. 8ppi •100. 9 per 100. 10 pe Upper. rlOO. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Lower. 36.7 44.0 36.2 44.7 35.8 45.4 35.2 46.3 34.7 47.0 37.6 45.0 37.1 45.8 36.6 46.6 36.1 47.4 35.6 48.2 38.5 46.1 88.0 46.9 37.5 47.7 36.9 48.6 36.5 49.4 39.5 47.2 38.9 48.1 38.4 48.8 37.8 49.7 37.4 50.6 40.4 48.3 39.8 49.2 39.3 49.9 38.7 50.9 38.2 51.7 41.3 49.4 40.7 50.3 40.2 51.1 39.6 52.0 39.1 52.9 42.2 50 . 5 41.6 51.4 41.1 52.2 40.5 53.2 40.0 54.1 43.1 51.6 42.5 52.5 42.0 53.4 41.4 54.3 40.8 55.2 44.0 52.7 43.4 53.6 42.9 54.5 42.3 55.5 41.7 56.4 44.9 53.8 44.3 54.7 43.8 55.6 43.2 56.6 42.0 57.6 45.9 54.9 45.2 55.9 44.7 56.8 44.1 57.8 43.5 58.8 46.8 56.0 46.1 57.0 45.5 57.9 45.0 58.9 44.3 60.0 47.7 57.1 47.0 58.1 46.4 59.1 45.9 60.1 45 . 2 61.1 48.6 58.2 48.0 59.2 47.3 GO. 2 4G.7 61. 3 40.0 62.3 49.5 59.3 48.9 60.3 48.2 61. 3 47.6 62.4 40.9 63.5 50.4 GO. 4 49.8 G1.4 49.1 (S'l.b 48.5 63.6 47.8 64.7 51.3 61. 5 50.7 G2.5 50.0 G3 . () 49.4 64.7 48.7 65.9 52.2 62.6 51.6 63.6 50.9 64.8 50.3 65.9 49.5 67.0 53.2 63.7 52.5 64.7 51.8 65.9 51.1 67.1 50.4 68.2 54.1 64.8 53.4 65.9 52.7 67.0 52.4 68.2 51.3 69.4 55.0 65.9 54.3 G7.0 53.0 68.2 52.9 69.4 52.1 70.6 55.9 67.0 55.2 68.1 54.4 69. 3 53.8 70.5 53.0 71.8 56.8 68.1 56.1 69.2 55.3 70.4 54.7 71.6 53.9 73.0 57.8 69.2 57.0 70.3 56.2 71.5 55.6 72.8 54.8 74.1 57.7 70.3 57.9 71.5 57.1 72 7 56.4 74.0 55.0 75.3 59.6 71.4 58.8 72.6 58.0 73.8 57.3 75.1 50.5 76.5 60.5 72.5 59.7 73.7 58.9 74.9 58.2 76.3 57.4 77.6 61.4 73.6 60.6 74.8 59.8 76.1 59.0 77.4 58.2 78.8 62.4 74.7 61.5 76.0 60.7 77.2 59.9 76.6 59.1 80.0 63.3 75.8 62.4 77.1 61.6 78.4 60.8 79.7 60.0 81.2 'I Ill; Tjxble 15— FOR SETTING OUT Tills TahJe (jiiH's the Italf kmithn of Culverts for various inclinations, rtrnf/in;/ from A, heiufi f/ireii in the first colnmn : the upper and lower hcilf lengths will he tances (jicen in this Table are to be set out on the (/round horizontnlly (not LEVEL. llair Longths per Table A. 11 per 100. Upper. Lower. 12 per 100. Upper. Lower. 18 per 100. 14 per 100. Upper. Lower. ' Upper. Lower. 15 per 100. Upper. Lower. 40 41 42 43 44 45 4G 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 5G 57 58 59 60 01 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 34.3 '6^) . 1 36.0 36.9 37.7 38 . 6 39.4 40.3 41.2 42.0 42.9 43.7 44.6 45.5 46.3 47.2 48 . 1 48.9 49.8 50.6 51.5 52.3 53.2 54.1 54.9 55.8 56.7 57.5 58.3 59.2 47.9 49.1 50.3 51.5 52.7 53.9 55.1 56.3 57.5 58.7 59.8 33. 9| 48.8 34. 7j 50.0 35.6, 51.2 36. 4[ 52.5 37.2 53.7 33.5' 49.7 34.2 35.2 50.9 52.2 36.21 53.4 I 36.9 38.1! 54.9; 37.7 39. Oi 56.1 39.8 40.6 41.5 42.4 61.0 43.2 62. ti 63.4 64.6 65.8 67.0 68.2 69.4 70.6 71.8 73.0 74.2 75.4 76.6 77.8 79.0 80.2 81.4 82.6 44.1 44.9 45.7 46.6 47.5 48.3 49.2 50,0 50.9 51.7 52.6 53.4 57.3 58 . 6 59.8 61.0 62.2 63.4 64.7 65.9 67.1 68.3 69 . 5 70.7 71.9 73.2 74.4 75.6 76.8 38.5 39.4 40.2 41.0 41.9 42.7 43.5 44.3 45.2 46.0 46.8 47.7 48.5! 49.4 50.2 51.0 51.9 52.7 54.7 55.9 57.1 58.4 59.6 60.9 62.1 63.3 64.6 65.8 67.1 68.3 69.5 70.8 72.0 73.3 74.5 75.7 77.0 78.2 54.3 78.0 1 55. Ij 79.2 55.91 80.4 I 56. 8| 81.6 57.6 82.9 58.5! 84.1 53.6. 79.5 54.4 80.7 55.2 56.1 56.9 81.9 83.2 84.5 33 1 33 9 34 7 35 5 50.6 32.7 51.9 32.5 53.1 34.3 54.4 35.1 36.4! 55.6 35.9 37.2' 56.9; 36.7 38.0! 58.2 37.5 57.8 85.7 38.9 39.7 40.5 41.4 42.2 43.0 43.8 44.7 45.5 46.3 47.1 48.0 48 ."7 49.6 50.4 51.2 52.0 52.9 00 . / 54.5 55.4 56.2 59.4 60.7 62 63 . 3 64.5 65.8 67.1 68.3 69.6 70.9 72.1 73.4 74.7 76 77.2 78.5 79.7 81.0 82.3 83.6 84.8 86.0 38.3 51.6 52.9 54.1 55.4 56.7 58 . 59.3 60 . 6 39.2! 61.9 1 40.0 63.2 I 40. 8[ 64.5 41.6 65.8 42.4 67.1 43.3! 68.4 57.0 87.3 44.0 69 . 7 44.9 71.0 45.7 72.3 46.5 73.6 47.4 74.9 48.2 76.1 49.0 77.5 49.8 78.7 50.6 80 . () 51.5 81.3 52.3 82.6 53.1 83.9 53.9 85.2 54.7 86.5 55.5 87.7 56.3 89.0 I (; OUT ////// from /ts mill he Uilly (not T) per 100. )pr. Lowpr. .7 51.0 !.5' 52.9 l. ;! 54. 1 ) . I ! 55.4 i.O 5G.7 5.7 58.0 1 .') 59.3 ^.3 60.6 ^.2; 01.0 II. 63 . 2 0.8' 04.5 i.o' 05 . 8 2.4 G7.1 3.3 (58.4 4.0 69.7 4.9 71.0 5.7 72.3 t6.5 73.6 t7.4 74.9 18.2 70.1 19.0 77.5 t9.8 78.7 )0.6 80.0 51.5 81.3 52.3 82.0 53.1 83.9 53.9 85.2 54.7 80.5 55.5 87.7 5G.3 . 89.0 CULVERTS ON SLOPING GROUND.— Cu«///j/W. 1 per 100 to 20 per 100. Tlie half lengths of Level Cvlrerfs, as found b}/ Tnhle foinid for each respective inclination on the. line opposite. Observe that all c/is- on the inclination.) 16 per 100. 17 per 100. 18 per 100. 19 per 100. 20 pe rlOO. UpjitT. Lower. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Upper. . Lower. 32.3 52.6 31.9 53.7 31.5 54.8 31.1 55.9 30.7 57.1 83.1 53.9 32.6 55.0 32.3 50.1 31.0 57.3 31.5 58.0 33.9 55.2 33.4 56.4 33.1 57 5 32.7 58.7 32.3 60.0 34.7 56.6 34.2 57.7 33.9 58.9 33.4 60.1 33.1 61.4 35.5 57.9 35.0 59.1 34.7 00.2 34.2 01.5 33.8 62.0 30.3 59.2 35.8 00.4 35 . 4 01.0 35.0 G2.9 34.0 04.3 37.1 60.5 30.6 61.7 30.2 02.9 35.8 64.3 35.3 65.7 37.9 61.8 37.4 03.1 37.0 04.3 36.6 65.7 36.1 07.2 38.7 63.2 38.2 04.4 37.8 05.7 37.3 67.1 36.0 68. G 39.5 64.5 39.0 05.8 88.6 07.1 38.1 68.5 37.6 70.0 ^0 . 3 65.8 30.8 07 . 1 30.4 08.5 38.0 60.9 38.4 71.4 41.1 67.1 40 . 08.4 40.1 00.8 39.7 71.3 30.1 72.0 41.9 68.4 41.4 00.8 40 . 71 2 40 . 5 72.7 39.9 74.3 42.7 69.8 42.2 71.1 41.7 72.0 41.2 74.1 40.6 75.7 43.5 71.1 43.0 72.5 42.5 73.9 42.0 75.5 41.3 77.2 44.3 72.4 43.8 73.8 43.3 75.3 42.8 70.0 42.3 78.0 45.1 73.7 44.6 75.1 44.1 76.7 43.6 78.3 43.0 80.0 45.9 75.0 45.4 76.5 44.9 78.0 44.4 70.7 43.8 81.4 -10.7 76.3 46.2 77.8 45.7 79.0 45.1 81.1 44.6 82.9 47.5 77.6 47.0 79.2 46.5 80.8 45.9 82.5 45.4 84.3 48.4 70.0 47.8 80.5 47.2 82.2 46.7 83.9 46.2 85.7 49.2 80.3 48.5 81.8 48.0 83.5 47.5 85.3 40.0 87.1 49.9 81.6 40.3 83.2 48.8 84.9 48.3 80.7 47.7 88.5 50.8 82.9 50.1 84.5 40. G 86.3 49.0 88.1 48.5 89.9 - 51.0 84.2 50.9 85.9 50.4 87.0 40.8 80.5 40.2 91.3 52.4 85.5 51.7 87.2 51.2 80.0 50.6 00.9 50.0 92.8 53.2 86.8 52.5 88.6 52.0 00.4 51.4 02.3 50.8 94.2 54.0 88.1 53. 3 89.9 52.8 91.7 52.2 03.7 51.5 95.6 54.8 89.5 54.1 91.3 53 5 03.1 52.9 95 . 1 52.3 97.1 55.0 00.8 54.0 92.6 54.3 04.5 53 . 7 96.5 53.1 ' 98.5 I M m I Table «— FOIi SHTTINCJ OUT T/tis Tahh' f/ires the hnfffenf/f/is of Culverts for various inriiudtions, raiif/im/ from A, bdnfi (liven in the Jirsf r;>hnnn ; the upper and fonwr half lentffhs wi/l he tatices (jiveii in this Tabic are to be set out on the yruund liurizontally (not LEVEL. 1 PIT 100. 2 pi>i rlOO. 8 per 100. 4 per 100. 5 per 100. Half LciiKtIiH perTttblo A. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Upper. J^iower. Upper. Lower. 70 68.9 71.0 67.9 72.1 67.0 73.3 06.1 74.4 65.1 75.7 71 69.9 72.0 68.9 73.2 67.9 74.3 67.0 75.5 60. 76.8 72 70.9 73.1 69.9 74.2 68.8 75.4 08.0 70.5 67.0 77.8 78 71.9 74 1 70.8 75.2 69.8 76.4 09.0 77.0 67.9 78.9 74 72.9 75.1 71.8 76.3 70.7 77.5 09.9 78.7 68.9' 80. 1 75 73.9 70.1 72.8 77.3 71.7 78.5 70.8 79. 8| 69.8 81.1 76 74.9 77.0 73.7 78.3 72.7 79.0 71.8 80.9 70.7 82.2 77 75.9 78.0 74.7 79.3 73.6 80.6 72.8 81.9 71.6 83.2 78 76.8 79.1 75.7 80.4 74.6 81.7 73.6 83.0 72.5 84.3 79 77.8 80 2 76.7 81.4 75.5 82.7 74.6 84.0 73.5 80.4 80 78.8 81.2, 77.6 82.5 76.5 83.8 75.5 85.1 74.4 86.5 81 79.8 82.2 78.6 83.5 77.5 84.8 76.5 86.2, 75.3 87.6 82 80.8 83.2 79.6 84.5 78.4 85.9 77.4 87.2 76.3 88.7 83 81.7 84 3 80.5 1 85.5 79.4 86.9 78.4 88.3 77.2 89.7 84 82.7 85.3 81.5 1 86.0 80.3 88.0 79.3 89.3 78.1 90.8 85 83.7 86.3 82.5 87.6 81.3 89.0 80.2 90.4 79.1 91.9 86 84.7 87.3 83.5 88.6 82.3 90.0 81.2 91.5 80.3 93 . 87 85.7 88.3 84.4 89.6 83.2 91.1 82.1 92.0 81.0 1 94.1 88 86.7 89.3 85.4 90.7 84.2 92.2 83.0 93.6, 81.9 95.1 89 87.7 90.3 86.4 91.7 85.1 93.2 84.0 94.7 82.8 96.2 90 88.7 91.3 87.4 92.7 86.1 94.3 85.0 95.7 83.7 97.3 91 89.7 92.3 88.3 93.8 87.1 95.3 85.9 96.8 84.7 98.4 92 90.0 93.3 89.3 94.8 88.0 96.4 86.8 97.9 85.6 99.5 1 93 91.6 94.3 90.3 95.8 89.0 97.4 87.8 99.0 86.5 100.5 1 94 92.6 95.4 91.2 96.8 89.9 98.5 88.7 100.0 87.5 101.0 i 95 93.6 96 4 92.3 97.9 90.9 99.5 89.0 101.1 88.4 102.7 96 94.5 97.4 93.2 98.9 91.9 100.6 90.0 102.1 89.3 103.8 97 95.5 i 98.4 94.2 99.9 92.8 101.6 91.5 103.2 90.2 104.8 98 96.5 99.4 95.2 100.9 93.8 102.7 92.5 104.3 91.2 105.9 99 97.5 100.5 96.2 102.1 94.7 103.7 93.4 105.4 92.1 107.0 j 7:», .so. HI ■SI ,s.-, .sc, 87 88, 88, H!», 00. T (; OUT CULVERTS ( [)N SLf)lMN( ; (JliOUND.- -ConfinueiK {nr/ from 1 per 10(1 to 20 per 100 . The liiilf' le/iii fths nf Level Vnlrrvts. an Jonml hi/ Ttthle, 'is will he I'li/iHil Jur each respecfive iuclintid'oii tin the line opposite. Ohserre th(tt (ill ilis- iillij f not nil the incluKillon.) l>or 100. Oppr 100. 7 i"'r i(t(i. 8 per 100. it pi'i KM). in pc ri)pt'r. r KM). Lower. Br. Lower. (;i.2 Lower. Upper. Lower. Upper, Lower. Upper. Lower. .1 7;'). 7 7G.9 03.3 78.2 02.5 79.5' 01.7 80. 9' 60.9 1 82.3 .0 76.8 (;."). 1 78.0 04.2 79.3 03.4 80.0 02.0 82.0 01. 7 83.5 .0 77.8 Gd.o 79.1 05 . 1 HO. 4 04.3 81.8 63.5 83.2 02.0 84.7 .9' 78.'.) 1 G7.0 80.2 OG.O 81.0 05.2 82.9 64.3 84.4 02.4 85.9 .9^ 80. GT.l) 81.;; GG.9 82.7 GG.l H4.1 05.2 >^') . 5 GI.3 87.0 .8' 81.1 GS.H M2.4 07. 9 83 .8 07.0 85.2 00.1 80.7 05.2 88.2 1.7 82.2 G9.7 83.5 08. 8 H4.9 07 . 9 80.3 07.0 87.9 GG.l 89 . 4 .6 83.2 70. G 84 . G Gl).7 .SG.O OH . 8 87.5 07 . 9 89.0 GG.l) 90. G IJ) 84.3 7 1 . (') 85.7 70.0 87.1 09.7 88 . 08.7 90.2 67.8 91.7 J. 5 85.4 72.5 80. 8 71.5 88.2 7o.(; 89.8 , 09.0 91.3 68.7 92.9 1.4 80. 5 ' 7;!. 4 87.9 72.4 89.3 71.4 90.9 70.5 92.5 69.6 94.1 >.3 87. G 74.3 89.0 73.3 90.5 72.3 92.0 71.4 1 93.7; 70.4 95.3 1 G.3 88.7 75.2 90.1 74.2 91.0 73.2 93.2 72.3 ! 94.8' 71.3 9G.5 j 7. -2 81). 7 S.l '.)0.8 7G.2 ■ 91.2 75.1 92.7 74.1 94.3 73.1 90. 72.2 97 . G 1 ! 77.1 1)2.3 70.0 93. H 75.0 95.5 74.0 97.1 73.0 98.8 I !).l 91.9 '' 7S.0 93 . 4 70.9 94.9 75.9 96.0 74.9 98.3 93.9 100.0 \ 0.3 93.0 78.1) 1)4.5 77.8 90.0 70. 8 97.7 75.8 99.5 74.8 101.1 ■1 1.0 94.1 79.8 95. G 78.7 97.1 77.7 98.9 76.7 100.0 75.0 102.3 1.1) 95.1 80.7 90.7 79. G 98.2 78.0 100.0 77.5 101.8 70.5 103.5 2.8 9G.2 Hl.G 97.8 80.5 99.4 79.5 101.1 78.4 102.9 77.4 104.7 13.7 97.3 82.5 98.9 81.4 100.5 80.4 102.2 79.3 104.5 78.2 105.9 ;4.7 98.4 S.'J.a 100.0 82.3 101.0 81.2 103.4 80.2 105.2 79.1 107.0 ^o.G 99.5 j .S4.4 101.1 83.2 102.7 82.1 104.5 81.1 106.4 79.9 108.3 J6.5 100.5 85.3 102.2 84.1 103.9 83.0 105.0 81.9 107.5 80.9 109.4 J7.5 101. G 11 -s(;.2 103.3 85.0 105.0 83.9 106.8 82.8 108.7 81.7 110.6 i8.4 102.7 1 87.1 104.4 8G.0 100.1 84.8 107.9 83.7 109.8 82.0 111.8 ^9.3 103.8 1 88.0 105.5 86.9 107.2 85.7 109.0, 84.0 110.9 83.5 112.9 30.2 104.8 88.9 100.0 87.8 108.3 80.6 110.2 85.5 112.1 84.3 114.1 }1.^ •105.9 89 . 8 107.7 88.7 109.5 87.5 111.3; 80.3 , 113.3 85.2 115.3 92.1 .107.0 00.7 108.8 89.0 110.0 88 .'4 112.4 87.2 114.4 86.1 116.5 li iii • \ Tal>]c3 13— FOR SETJING OUT This Tahle (/ices iJic half knf//Jis of Culverts for various inclinations, ranffiiuj from yl, heituf (jicea in tJic. first col'unn : tJic upper iinti loivcr Intlf Inuflis will, he tances given in this Tabic are to be set oat on the (/round horizontally (not LKVEL. Half Longths per Table A. 11 per 100. Upper. Lower. 12 per 100. 13 per 100. Upper. I Lower. , Upper. Lower. 14 per 100. Upper Lower. 15 per 100. Upper. Lower. 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 n n m M H m m «i 88 89 90 91 m M 95 96 97 98 99 GO.l GO. 9 Gl.8 G2.6 G3.4 64.3 65.2 66.0 66.9 67.7; 68.0 69. o, 70.3 71,2 72.0 72.9 73.8 74.0 75.5 76.3 77.2 78.1 78.9 79.8 80.6 81.5 82.4 83.2 83.8 85.0 86.2 87.4 88.6 89.8 91.0 92.2 93.4 94.0 95.8 97.0, 98 . 2' 99.4 100.6 101. H 103.0 104.2 105.4 106.6 107.« 109.0 110.2 111.4 112.6 113.8 115.0 116.2 59 . 3 60.1 61.0 61.8 62 . 6 63.5 64.4 65.2 66.1 66.9 85.3 86.5' 87.7' 89.0 90.2 91.4 92.6 93.8 95 . 1 96.3 58.0 59 . 4 00 . 3 GO.l 01 . 9 86.9 88.2 89.5 90.7 92 . 84.1117.4 84,9 118.6 07.8 97.5 G8.G| 98.7 09.5' 99.9 70.3 101.2 71.1 102.4 72.0|i03.G 72. 9 1 104. 8 73.7 100. (» 74.0 107.3 75.4,108.5 76.3109.7 77.1410.9 78.0112.1; 78.8113.4 79.6114.0 80.5415.8 1 81.3:117.0 82.2118.3' 57.9 88.6 I 58. 7j 89.9 59.5; 91.1 60. 3' 72.4 01.2 93.0 83.0 83.9 62.0! 93.2 03.6 94.4 64. 5i 95.7 65. 3| 96.9 66.1' 98.2 00.9, 99.4 07.8 100.0 (')8.0 101.9 09. I 103.1 70.3104.4 71.1|105.0 71.9 106.8 72. 8: 108. 0! 73 109.3 j 74 5410.6 75.3111.8 70.1 113.0 77.0114.3 77.8115.5 78.7116.8 79.5!ll8.0 80.3|ll9.2 81.2 120.5 62.0 62.8 63.6 64.5 94.9 96.2 97.4 98.7 05. 3' 100.0 57.2 58.0 58 . 8 59 . GO . 4 01.2 02.0 62.8 63.7 64.5 90.3 91.0 92.9 94.1 95 . 4 80.7 98.0 99 . 3 100 .0 101. !> 00.1 101.3' 05.3 103.2 119.51 82.0121.7 ! 00.9,102.5, 07.71103.8 08.G;iO5.li I 09. 41106. 3| 70.2il07.6i 71.0 108. 9| 71. 9^110. ll I 72.7111.4 I ; 73.5 112.6 74.4113.9 75.2 115.2 76.0116.4' ! i 76. 8117. 7| 77.7,118.91 78.5120.2. 79.3121.5; 80.l'l22.8, 66.1 66.9 67.7 68.6 69.4 70.2 71.0 104.5 105.8 107.1 108.4 109.7 111 ,{) 112.3 71.9 113.5 72.7J114.8 73 5416.1 74.3117.1 75.1|118.7 76.0419.9 76.8421.2 I 77.6 122.5 78.4123.8 79.2125.1 81.0124.1 80.0420. 1 120.8 82.9,123.0 81.8125.4 80.8127.7 G OUT CULVERTS ON SLOPING GROUND.- -Cun'lnnvd. : till 1)0 r/ //Y>/?( y (not 1 per 100 to 20 per 100. The half lengths of Level Cidvcr/s, asfoinnl In/ T<,hle foinul for each lespect ice iiicliiialion on the line ojiposite. Observe that all ills- i Oil the iiicllnah'on.) 1 i i 1 •100. 16 per IIM). ]7pcrl()0. 1 18 per 100. lit j.cr 100. 20 per 100. || pr. Lowor. Upper. oG.o J^ower. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Upi>er. Lowt.. Upper. Lower. .2 90.3 92.1 r)o.7 94.0 55.1 i 95.9' 54.5 97.9' 53.8 ! 99 . 9 .0 9 1 . (') o7.3 93.4 5G.O 95.3 55.9 1 .97.2 55.3 99.3' 54.6 101.4 ( .8 92.9 08 . 1 94.7 o7.3 96. 7 56. 7 : 98.6 56.1 i 100.7 55.3 102.8 1 .0 94.1 08.9 9G.1 08 . 1 98. 0: 57.4 ' 100.0 56.8 102.1 56.1 1<)4.2 .4 9o.4 o9 . 7 97.4 08.9 99.4 58.2 101.3 57.6 103.5 56.8 105.7 .2 8G.7 GO . 98.7 o9.7 100.7 59.0 102.7! 58.4 1 104.9 57.7 i 107.1 .0 98.0 Gl.o 100.0 GO. 5 102.0 59.8 104.11 59.2 1 106.3 58.4 108.5 .8 99.3 02.1 101.3 G1.3 103.4 60.6 105.4 60.0 107.7 59.3 109.9 1 .7 100.(5 G2.9 102. G G2.1 104.7 61.4 106.8 60.7 109.1 60.0 111.4 .0 101.9 G3.7 103.9 G2.9 106.1 62. 2 108.2 61.5 110.5 GO. 8 112.8 " o 103.2 G4.G 10.). 3 G3.7 107.4 63 109.6 62.3 111.9 61.6 114.2 1 .1 104. o Go . 4 lOG.G G4.0 108.7 63.7 110.9 63.1 113.3 62.4 115 6 1 ? .9 IO0.8 GG.2 107.9 Go. 3 110.1 64.5 112.3 63.9 114.7 63.1 117.1 .7 107.1 G7.0 109.2 GG.l 111.4 65.3 113.6; 64.6 116.1 63.9 118.4 .6 108.4 i G7.8 110.0 G6.9 112.8 66.1 115.0 Go 4 117.5 64.7 119.9 t .4 109.7 G8.G 111.8 G7.7 114.1^ 66.9 116.4 ^^.'1 118.9, 65.4 121.4 ji .2 111.0 G9.4 113.1 G8.0 115.4 67.7 117.8 67.0 120.3 66.2 122.8 .0 112.3 70 . 2 114.4 G9 . 3 116.8 68.5 1 119.1 67. 7 121.7! 1 66.9 124.3 I ; .9 113.0 71.0 11.). 8 70.1 118.1 69.3 120.5 68.5 123.1 67.8 125. G 127.1 •.7 114.8 71.8 117.1 70.9 119.5 70.1 121.9 69.3 124.5 68.5 I . llG.l 72.6 118.4 71.7 120.8 70.9 123.3 70.0 125. 9| 69.3 128.6 w t.3 117.4 i 73.4 119.7 72.4 122.1 71.6 124. 6| 70.8 1 127.2 70.0 130.0 i ».l 118.7 ' 74.2 121.0 73.2 123.5 72.4 126.o! 71.6 ! 128. 61 70.8 131.4 ■ 5.0 119.9 7o . 122.4 74.0 124.8 73.2 127.4 72.4 130.0 71.6 132.8 i J" \ 5.8 121.2 I 7o.8 123.7 74.8 126.2 74.0 128.7 73.1 1 131.4 72.3 1 1 ; 134.3 r. 6 122.0 7G.G 120.0 75.6 127.5 74.8 130.1 73.9 132. 8j 73.1 I 135.7 ^.4123.8 . 77.4 12G.3 76. 4 128.8 75. G 131.5 74.7 134.2 73.9 137.1 ). 2120.1 1 78.2 127. G 77.2 130.2 76.4 132.8 <0.0 135.6 74.8 138. G i ).0|12G.4 I 79.0 129.0 78.0 131.5 77.2 134.2 76.2 137.0 75.5 140.0 ).^ (127.7 1 79.8 130.3 78.8 132.9 77 . 9 l.'{5.6 77.0 138.4 76.2 141.4 Tiil>le 13— FOR SETTING; OUT i^M This Tahh> 97.1 io;3.i 95.7 104.7 94.3 10G.4 93.0 108.1 101 99.5102.0; 98.1 104.1 9G.7 105.8 95.2:107.5 93.9 109.2 102 100.5 10;!. 5 99.0 105.2 97.G lOG 8 9G, 2 108.5 '.)5.0 110.2 lo;5 101.5 104. G 100.0 10G.2 98. (; 107.8 97.1 109. G 95.9 111.;; 104 102.5 105. G 101. 107.2 99.5 1 108.9 98.1 110. G 9G.8 112.4 j lo.-» 10,T.5 lOG.G 101.9 io8.;noo.5 109.9 i)9 . 111.7 97. 71 13. 5 loi; 104.4llO7.G,102.9 109.;) 101.5 111.0 99.9 112.8 98.7ill4.G 1 107 105.4 108. G 103.9 iio.;3 102.4 112.1 100.9 113.8' 99.g'i15.G j ; 108 10G.4 109.7:104 9 111.;} io;j.^ ii;m 101.8 114.9 100.5 11G.7 1 ! 109 107.4 110.7 10,-,. s 112.1 104.;] 114.2402.8 115.9 101 .4 117.8 no 108.-1 111.7 lOG.s li;).4 10.>.;l 115.2 103.7 117.0 102.;; 118.9 111 ' 09 . 4 112.7 107.8 114.4 km;.;; ll(;.2 104.0 118.1 103.3 120.0 110.4 11;;. 7 108.7 115.5 107.2 117.3105.0 119.1 111 .4 11 I .S 10!). 7 1 l(;.5 10.S,2 1 18,;; km;. 5 120.2 112.4 115.8 110.7 117.5409.1 119.4 107.5 121 .2 1 13 . 3 1 1 G . .S 1 1 1 . 7 1 1 8 . 5 1 10 . 1 120 . 4 los . 4422 . 3 ' 1 1 114.;; 117..S 112. <; 119. g 111 1 121.5109.3423.4 115.3 1 IS. 8 113. G 120. i; 112.0 122. (; 110.3 121.1 1 1 G . 3 11!). !) 1 1 4 . G 1 2 1 . i; II 3 . 1 2;; .Gill. 2 1 1:) . 5 1 1 7 . 3' 1 20 . 9 115. 5 1 22 . 7 1 1 3 . 91 24 . 7| 1 1 2 . 2 1 2G . 5 118. 3421. 9 IIG. 5123. 711 14. 9 125. 7,1 13. 2|l 27. 7 104.3 121 .1 105.2 122. 1 lor.. I 12;;. 2 107 o 121.;; 107.9 125.4 10S.9'l2G.4 101). 8 127.5 110.7 12.S.G lll.Gil29.7 G our infi from 'ts will he ulUj (not per 100. ?r. Lower. .0' 108.1 .9 1011.2 i .0 110.2 .9111.;} .8112.4 .7;ii3.r) 1 i.Tjll l.<'. i.G;iir).G l.5|llG.7 .4117.8 I. :5 118.9 ).o 120.0 t.;i 121.1 ').2 122. 1 ;.i 12;). 2 r •> 121..'*. 7.91 2 ') . 4 S.9 12(;.4 9.8 127.;') 11.7 12.S.G l.G,129.7 T f CULVERT.'^ ON SLOPING V,\{0\j^\).— Conlmued. 1 fer 100 to 20 per 100. The half len;iths of Level Culverts, asjoimd by Tabh: found for each respective inclination on the line opposite. Observe that all dis- on the inclination.) 6 ppr 100. 7 per 100. 8pei •100. 9 pel •100. 10 per 100. Upjior. Lower. Upper. Lower. U|iper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. 91.7 109.9 90.5 111.7 89.3 113.6 88.1 115.6 86.9 117.6 92. G 111.0 91.4 1 1 2 . S 90.2 114.7 88.9 116.7 87.7 118.7 93.5 112.1 92.3 113.9 91 1 1 115.8 89.8 117.8 88.6 119.9 94.5 113.2 93.2 115.1 92.0 117.0 90.7 118.9 89.5 121.1 95.4 114.3 94.1 116.2 92.8 118.1 91.6 120.0 90.4 122.3 9G.3 115.4 95.0 117. 3| 93.7 119.3 92.5 121.2 91.2 123.4 97.2; 116.5 96.0 118.4 94.6 120.4 93.4 122.3 92.1 124.6 98.1 117.6 96.8 119.5 95.5 121.5 94.3 123.5 93.0 125.8 99.0: 118.7 97 8 120.6 96.4 122.7 95.1 124.6 93.8 126.9 100.0 119.8 98.7 121.7 97.3 123.8 96.0 125.7 94.7 128.1 100.9 120.9 i 99.6 122.9 98.2 124.9 96.9 126.8 95.6 129.3 101.8 122.0 100.5 124.0 99.1 126.0 97.8 127.9 96.5 130.4 102.7; 123.1 101.4 1 25 . 1 100.0 127.2 98.7 129.1 97.3 131.6 103.6 124.2 102.3 126.2 100.9 128.3 99.5 130.2 98.2 132.8 104.5 125.3 103.2 127.4 101.8 1 129.5 100.4 131.3 99.0 134.0 105.5 126.4 104.1 128.5 102.7 130.6 101.3 132.4 99.9 135.1 106.4 127.5 105.0 129.6 10.3.6 131.7 102.2 133.5 100.8 136.3 107.3 128.6 105.9 130.7 104.5 132.8 103.0 134.7 101.7 137.5 108.2 129.7 106.8 131.8 105.4 134.0 103.9 135.8 102.5 138.6 109.2 130 8 107.7 133.0 106.3 135.2 104.8 136.9 103.4 139.8 110.1 131.9 108.6 134.1 107.2 136.3 105.7 138.0 104.3 141.1 I Tal>le 13— FOR SETTING OUT 77/ is Table gives the half lenffths of Culverts for various inclinations^ ranfjing from yl, being given in the first column ; the upper and lower half lengths -will be tances given in this Table are to be set out on the ground horizontally (not I! lf;vel. 11 per 100. 12 per 100. 13 per 100. 14 per 100. 15 per 100. Half Lengths per J'able A, Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Upper. 1 Lower. Upper. Lower. U pper. Ix)wer. 100 85.8'll9.8 1 84.7 122.0 83.7 124.2 82.6 126.7 81.6 129.0 101 86 6 121.0 85.5 123.2 84 5 125.4 83.4 127.9 82.4 130.3 102 87.5 122.2 86.4124.4 85.4 126.7 84.2 129.2 83.2 131.6 103 88.3123.4 87.2 125.6 86.2 127.9 85.0 130.5 84.0 132.9 104 89.2 124.6 88.1 126.8 87.0 129.2 85.9 131.8 84.8 134.1 105 90.0 125.8 88.9128.1 87.9 130.4 86.7 133. C 85.6135.4 106 90.9127.0 89.8 129,3 88 7131.7 87.5 134.3 86.5 136.7 107 91.7,128.2 1 90.7 130.5 89.5 132.9 88.4 135.6 87.3 138.0 108 92.6129.4 91.6131.7 90.4134.1 89.2 136.8 88.1 139.3 109 93.4130.6 92.4 133.0 91.2135.4 90.0 138.1 88.9 140.6 110 94.3131.8 93.3 134.2 92.o'l36.6 90.8 130.4 89.7 141.9 111 95. 1 133.0 1 94.1 135.4 92.9137.9 91.6 140.7 90.5 143.2 112 96 0134.2 95.0 136.6 93.7 139.1 92.5 141.9 91.3 144.5 113 96.8135.4 95.8 137.8 94.5 140.7 1 93.3 143.2 92.2 145.8 114 97.7136.6 i 96.7 1 139.0 95.4'l41.6 94.1 144.5 93.0 147.0 115 98.5 137.8 97-5 140.3 96.2 142.8 94.9 145.7 93.8 1 148.3 116 99.4139.0; 98.4 141.5 97.0 144.1 95.8 147.0 94.6 149.6 117 100.2 140.2 99.2 1 142.7 97.9,145.3 96.6 148.3 95.4 151.0 118 101.1 141.4100.1 144.0 98.7 il46 6 97.4 'l49.5 96.2 152.2 119 101.9142.6100.9 145.1 99.5'.14:.8 98.2 1 150.8 97.0 153.5 120 102.8143.8101.7 1 1 146.4'l00.4'l49.0 1 1 99.0152.1 97.8 154.8 G OUT limj from 'is will he ally (not per 100. er. Lower. 6 129.0 130.3 131.6 132.9 134.1 .6135.4 130. 7 138.0 139.3 140,6 .4 .2 .0 .8 1.5 .3 !.l \.9 ). 71141. 9 ).5 1.3 2.2 3.0 3.8 4.0 5.4 0.2 7.0 7.8 143.2 144.5 145.8 147.0 148.3 149.6 151.0 152.2 153.5 154.8 CULVERTS ON SLOPING GROUND.— Cunlinued. 1 per 100 to 20 per 100. T/ie half lengths of Level Culverts, as found by Table found for each respective inclination on the line opposite. Observe that all dis- on the inclination.) 16 pc rlOO. 17 pe rlOO. 18 per 100. 19 per 100. 20 per 100. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. Upper. Lower. UpiHT. Lower. Upper. Lower. 80.6 131.6 79.6 134.2 78.7 137.0 77.8 139.8 76.9 142.9 81.4 132.9 80.4 135.5 79.5 138.3 78.6 141.2 77.7 144.3 82.2 134.2 81.2 130.9; 80.8 139.7 79.3 142.0 78. 4 145.7 83.0 135.5 82.0 138.2 81.0 Ml.l 81.1 144.0 79.2 147.2 83.8 136.8 82.8 139.6 81.8 142.5 80.9 145.4 80.0 148.0 84.6 138.2 83.6 140.9, 82.6 143.8 81.7 140.8 80.7 150.1 85.4 139.5 84.4 142.2! 83.4 145.2 82.4 148.2 81.5 151.5 86.2 140.8 85 . 2 143.6' 84.2 1 140.6 88.2 149.0 82.3 152.9 87.0 142.1 86.0 144.9 85.0 148.0 84.0 151.0 83.0 154.4 87.8 143.4 86.8 146.2 85.8 1 49 . 3 84.8 152.4 83.8 155.8 88.6 144.7 87.6 147.6 83.5 150.7 85 . 6 153.8 84.6 157.2 89.4 146.0 88.4 148.9 87.3 1 152.0 86.3 155,1 85 . 4 158.0 90.2 147.4 89.1 150.3: 88.1 153.4 87.1 156.5 80.1 100.1 91.0 148.7 89.9 151.6 88.9 154.8 87.9 157.9 80.9 161.5 91.8 150.0 90.7 153.0 89.7 156.2 88.7 159.3 87.7 162.9 92.6 151.3 91.5 154.3 90.5 157.5 89.4 100.7 88.4 164.4 93 4 152.6 92.3 155.6 91.3 158.9 90.2 102.1 89.2 165.8 94.2 154.0 93.1 157.0 92.0 160.3 91.0 103.5 90.0 167.3 95 . 155.3 93.9 158.3 92.8 161.6 91 7 104.9 90.7 168.7 95.8 156.6 94.7 159.6 93.6 163.0 92.5 100.3 91.5 170.1 96.6 157.9 95.5 161. Oj 94.4 164.4 93.3 167.7 9-\3 171.5 I t :-j * ■■' fll i I . 1.^11 ble C— FOR T/iis is a Table of Miilliplicis foi' nscrtaininrf the half JoKjths of Culverts on Table A, rvill (/ire t/te proper leiiyths of level Cvlvrls on the r^kcw, arcord ffiven in corresponding columns in Table B. tvill convert the latter into the inclination, on the skew, according to the angle of skew. By the angle of line of Railway. Aiiplp (if Skow. Level. I and Inucr I IkiM' Ic'iikiIih iiliki'. 2 per 100. Upper. I Lower. 4 per inc. Upper. Lower. fi per 100. 8 per 100. Upper. I Lower. | Upper. liO^ 87" 30' 85° 82* 30' 80° 77-^ 30' 75* 72" 30' 70* 67* 30' 65* 02* 30' 60* 57* 30' 55* 52* 30' 1.000 1.002 1.004 1 . 009 1.015 1.022 1.035 1.047 1.064 1.080 1 103 1.127 1.155 1.183 1.221 1.200 50* 1.305 47* 30' 1.360 45* 1.414 42* 30' 1 . 480 40* 1.550 37* 30' 1.040 35* 1 . 743 32* 30' 1 855 30* 2.000 1.000 1 . 002 1.004 1.010 1.015 1 . 022 1.034 1.049 1.002 1 . 082 1.101 1.125 1.149 1.180 1.213 1 . 250 1.293 1.344 1.398 1 . 400 1.531 1.012 1 . 709 1.812 1.945 I I 1.000 1 . 002 1.004 l.OlOj i.oio' I 1.022 I 1.037J 1.049 1.007! 1 .()H2| 1 107' 1.130 1 . 1 00 1.193 1 . 230 1.270 1.3171 1.375 1 . 433 1 . 505 1.583 1 . 080 1.788 1.910 2.007 1 . 000 1 . 002 1.004 1.010 1.014 1 . 022 1.033 1.050 1.001 1.080 1.097 1.119 1.145 1.172 1 . 200 1.242 1 . 284 1 . 333 1.383 1 . 444 1.510 1 . 589 1.676 1.782 1.897 1.000 1.002 1 .005 1.010 1.017 1.022 1.038 1.050 1.069 1.088 1.112 1.138 1.108 1.200 1 . 240 1 . 282 1.332 1.392 1.456 1.531 1.617 1.718 1.839 1.975 2.154 1.000 1.002 1.004 1.009 1.014 1.022 1.031 1.047 1.059 1.080 1.094 1.118 I 1.1 40' 1.108^ 1.198' I 1 . 232 I 1.273 I 1.3211 1.308| 1.425' I 1.487 1.50O 1.644 1.742 1.851 1.000 1.002 1.005 1.009 1 017 1.022 1.039 1.051 1.072 1.091 1.110 1.142 1.174 1 . 209 1 . 249 1 . 292 1.346 1.410 1.477 1 . 555 1.650 1.702 1.892 2,040 2.237 1 . 000 1 . 002 1 . 004 1 , 009 1.014 1.022 1.032 1.044 1 . 058 1.073 1.093 1.120 1.130 1.101 1.193 1.228 1.204 1.310 1.355 1.409 1.408 1.535 1.616 1.706 1.810 Lower. 1.000 1.002 1.005 1.009 1.018 1.028 1.041 1 . 055 1.075 1.095 1.120 1.150 1 .182 1.215 1.259 1.304 1.362 1.428 1.501 1.588 1.688 1.810 1.950 2.120 2.332 1.248. 1.343 1.395 1.451 1.517 1.592 2 I 1.677 2 1.773 2 -t-i-. — FOR Jverts on V, a*xord »• into the >. angle of SKEW CULVERTS. the sl'ew : those found in the second cohim% multiplied into the lengths (jicea in ing to the angle : those found in the othfr columns, multiplied into the lengths correct upper and lower half lengths, as the case mag he, of CulvMs with the same slew is meant the angle which the centre line of Culvert makes icith the centre )or 100. Lower. )0 )2 34 [)9 14 •22 32 44 158 173 193 20 30 01 93 ^28 204 310 355 409 1 408 1 535| GIG: 700 siol 1 . 000 1 . 002 1.005 1.009 1.018 1.028 1.041 1.055 1.075 1.095 1.120 1.150 1.182 1.215 1.259 1.304 1.302 1.428 1.501 1.588 1.688 1.810 1.950 2.120 2.332 10 per 100. Upper. Lower. 12 per 100. 14 per 100. Upper. Lower ' Upper. Lower, 16 per 100 Upper. 18 per 100. 20 per 100. Lower. Upper. ! Lower. Upper. ! Lowir. I i I 1. 000 1.000| 1.000 1.000 1. 002! 1. 002, 1.002j 1.002 1.002 1. 004j 1.0061. 004; 1 000 1.004 1 . 000 1 . 000; 1 . 000 1 . 000' 1 . 000 1.002 1.002 1.002 1.002 i.ooe! 1.004, 1.000 1.009 1.014 1 . 022 1.032 1.043 1.009 1.009 i.oioli.ou 1.0301.020 t 1.043i 1.030 1.0581.040 1.012 1.020 1.030 1 . 044 1.000 1.056 1.077 1.054 1.081 1.009 1.014 1.020 1.029 1 . 040 1.054 1.0721.0961.070 1.103 1.008 1.091 1.110 1.1251.0871.130 1.085 1.1521.105 1.100 1.104 1.132 1.1871.128 1.158 1.2251. 150 1. 1871. 27l|l. 181 l.2181.32l|l.212 1.255;i.379|l.247 1.248 1.4481.288 1.343 1.520 1.331 1.395 l.G15|l.380 1.451 1.7241.434 1.517 1.855|l. 495 1.592 2.010 1.509 1.07712.1981.047 I I 1.77312.4231.739 1.190 1.240 1.284 1.338 1.401 1.120 1.148 1.170 :t . 205 1 . 239 1.4751.277 1.5001.320 I 1.0001.305 1.779,1.418 1.9301.478 2.102 1.546 2.240,1:623 2.592I1.7O8 1.012 1.022 1.032 1 046 1.003 1.084 1.108 1 . 130 1.108 1.200 1.250 1.299 1.360 1.422 1.508 1.595 1.710 1.833 2.000 2.193 2.420 2.753 1.0091.012 1.0141.021 1.0201.032 1.0291.048 1.003 1.009 1.013 1.020 1.028 1 040 1.0681.039 1.053,1.087 1.051 1.008|l. 112 1.067 1.0831.142 1.080 1 102 1.173|1.095 1.1221.2161.118 1.145 1.171 1.200 1.262 1.314 1.375 1.232,1.447 1.2671 1.535 i 1.3091.634 1.137 1.167 1.191 1.000^1.000 1.000 1.002i 1.002 1.002 I 1.0081.003 1.008 1.013 1.009 1.01;; 1.022 1.012 1.023 1.037 1.020 1.038 1.051 1.0271.053 1.070 1.0381.072 t 1.092 1.049^1.095 1.120 1.060 1.121 1.1;>0 1.078 1.157 1.1841.090 1.190 1.2201.115 1.237 1.273 1 332 1.390 1.1321.285 1.1621.348 1.1821.422 1.225 1.475 1.219 1.501 1.261 1.300 1.353 1.7551.342 1.405 1.391 1.892 1.462 2.065 1.445 1.526 2.3001.506 1.598|2. 5601. 572 1.679 2.950 1.652 1.505 1.250 1.005 1.080 1.291 11.721 I 1.810 1.3301.802 1. 9051. 379|2. 0.33 2.105 1.430 2.250 2.433 1.489 I 2.712 1.552 3.201 1.029 2.504 2.900 3.444 .1 K i± -: 4 i sectionAB SECTION THROUGH CONCRETE WALL, C . T) >".'■• I JV TE RC OL 0.\IAli RAI LW AT CULVERTS FOR SIDE HILL &ROUND B^ervc^ to in fretutnf /nrtru^rr^^ns , \'o. ^ . I — 10 6 ] LOWER EKD ELEVATIOlf S t C T I ON AB The dfffte^ Utmshe*rs ComrcU VV/i/l L.. I ALL, C .B / PLAN OF LOWER END -/-7 r / i ' i r AB I 6r<^ H/^.^y N PLAN LOWER E vSeale 8 fVet to I iuoli N > »■ ^^ ^>pfl^ ti L N G I T U D N A L N U D i N Drawing, N? I . Drawing, N9 2 . ' I :y mmmmmmmm ^ ii r N T E R <' h O .\ I A L R A I L W A \ SECT! N 7'Af /'•^ r'/r<'/ /uff^ /'f/irrSf fif. ARCH CULVERT ON SLOPING GROUND / LONG T U D i N A L Sc«leNI'eet to I iiH'Ii . T i N AT A. H Drawing f(f?3. i N A L {Vet to I in oil SECTION M H .« I- • »■ * X N