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 32 X 
 
Y 
 
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\ 
 
 
 ''''*^'l^l|MlU|il( 
 
 THE 
 
 ■'j'j' 
 
 Myftery Reveaf#, 
 
 O R, 
 
 TR U T H brought to LIG H T. 
 
 feeing a Difcovcry of fome Fads, in Relation 
 to the Conduct of the kte M- -y, 
 
 which however extraordinary they may 
 appear, are yet fupported by fuch Tefti- 
 monies of authentick Papers and Memoirs; 
 as neither Confidence, ran out-brave j nor 
 Cunning invalidate. 
 
 ByaP A T R I T. 
 
 Mctfftrtm thrrendumt 
 
 ^t-A 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for and fold by fT, Cater, oppofitc 
 Red Lion-jireei, in Shlhorn : R, With^, in 
 CornhilU and 5. Ha^ behind- the Rwd 
 Exchange^ 1759. 
 
 -*.»j 
 
 3 "^ I ^-^ 
 
 3 3 ' > 3 
 
Iff 
 tins -/ 
 
 • .••.••• • • . • • . • • • • . ' 
 
 « • *«* » • • • •* • ••■ *•• •• • 
 
 • • • • • .• • .*• 
 
 • ••• •• i/t •• •■ 
 
 • •• • ,< ••• , , 
 
 Mjzq 
 
MEMORIAL bfc. 
 
 BVthe direaionsof hisBrltanfiick Majefly 
 a piece has been fcnt to moft of the 
 courts of Europe, entitled Objervathm on the 
 Memonal af France. The author undertakes 
 to confute the motives on which the king hai 
 grounded his requifition of the 21ft. of laft 
 l^ccember, and to juftify England's ^cfufal 
 otmaking a reftitutionto France of her fhii>s. 
 taken in a time of profound peace. ^ 
 
 In order to give a glofe to a fefufal fo con- 
 
 ftandard of al nations, and the pacific views, 
 which h^s Britannick Majefhr has given per- 
 petual affurances he wouH never deviate from 1 
 It was neceflary to charge France with hofti- 
 htics prior to the making thefe prizes. In order 
 to leflen the imprcffion, which the violences 
 committed in the courfe of this year by the 
 finghfli navy, muft have made on all the powers 
 of Europe, it was ncceiTary to prjVe, or at leaft 
 tomamtain, that the French were, the ag- 
 gfcffors. And indeed that is the principal faa 
 m^d on in ihtit Obfir-Dafms. In fhort the 
 tutbor would fein prove thac the French havi 
 
 fi committed 
 
Il I 
 
 ; ( 2 ) 
 
 mitted fuch hoftilities in America, as oblieed 
 the court of London to make juft repri?ai;f ^ 
 „„.k° I '!"P"ta"ons, France will oppofe 
 
 that has pafled between the two nations fince 
 ri/ 'T;5'/A"'-'» Chapelle. as well in Ame! 
 rica, as Europe. Sovereigns have for their 
 
 Th^.",l! '° ^ •"^""."'"^'^ by Ihifto^r^alone 
 ft/ *J "'"'°" °f '"° w^ny important 
 ftasmay be out of the reach of crfticifm 
 none ftall be advanced that is noUvowTd by' 
 
 doubted auAonty and credit/ t^ole which 
 
 bZJT ^T** i" ** ''°°''-^'^« "f general 
 Braddock after that battle, wherein le loft 
 his l.fe have laid open the plan of the court 
 of London. The publication of the informa- 
 tions contained m thefe papers has not been 
 refolvedon. till all poflible means had been 
 tried to fave the Englilh government, the 
 
 mortification which muft arife from a difco- 
 very of itsSyftem. 
 
 V^'lTT X? ** '''J'y of Utrecht, yielded to 
 England, New Scotland, or Acadia, accord- 
 
 piT' T'%'-^'"""'' "^ """" *« «<"*» of 
 
 miniftershad at that time of Acadia, properly 
 to called, nearly the fame idea that iey had 
 always entertained in France of that country. 
 Thus far however 'tis certain, that they 
 tad not then fo much as dreamed of extend- 
 
 ing 
 
as obliged 
 rcprifals. 
 will oppofc 
 fition of all 
 ations iince 
 ill in Ame- 
 'e for their 
 Verity their 
 tory alone. 
 
 important 
 
 cnticifm, 
 ivowed by 
 rs of un- 
 3ie which 
 ">£ general 
 in he loft 
 the court 
 - informa- 
 not been 
 had been 
 lent, the 
 
 a difco- 
 
 'ielded to 
 
 . accord- 
 town of 
 
 c Britifli 
 
 properly 
 
 they had 
 
 country. 
 
 lat they 
 
 extend* 
 
 ing 
 
 (3) 
 ing this province to the fouthern bank of the 
 river St, Laurence, 
 
 And indeed the French who tvere fettled 
 on the river St. John j thofe along the coaft of 
 the Etchemirisj and from that coaft to the 
 river St. Laurence; even thofe who inhabited 
 the Minasj the borders of the Ifthmus, and 
 the other Countries which are moft contij/u- 
 ous to that yielded to Great-Britain j became 
 lenfible of no alteration in their ftate or pof- 
 feffions. The Englifh attempted neither to 
 banifh them the country, or compell them to 
 fwear fealty to the king of England. Thefe 
 Inhabitants continued in the quiet pofteffion 
 of their property, under the proteftion of the, 
 king, whom they never ceafed to confider as 
 their lawful fovereign. -t 
 ^ From 1744 'till 1748. War was carried on 
 m America in the fame manner as in Europe - 
 but it had no other objeft in that part of the 
 world, than that which gave occafion to the 
 differences on the Old Continent: There; 
 was no queftion then either of the limits 
 of the refpedtive ftates, or of giving any 
 interpretation to the treaty of Utrecht; the 
 fenfe of which being fufficiently evident of 
 itfelf, leemed ftiU fixed, and fettled by the 
 peaceful pofleffion of bpth nations. It was on 
 this account efteemed fufficient to ftipulate, by 
 article V. of the treaty of Aix-la Chapelle, the 
 reftitution of all that might have been con- 
 c|uered by one nation over the oihe-, Cwce 
 
 B 2 
 
 the 
 
the beginning of the war. There was no re, 
 tcrence made to the treaty of Utrecht j and 
 by arucle ^X- it was agreed that all things 
 
 ^""rlt ^^[^-f^»^^^^e^> on the fame, footiifg 
 that they had been, or ought to have been on. 
 (not in .1713) but befoie the prefent war. 
 
 immediately after this peace, the court of 
 London formed the plan of fcveral new fettle- 
 ments, in which it paid more regard to its 
 commercial interefts. than to the claufes of 
 the treaties, of which that of A.x-laChapellc 
 had been a renewal. Notice was giver of 
 thefe fettlements by the channel of all the 
 news.papers. It was then plain England in! 
 tended to extend to the river St. £aurence, 
 thofe which were to be made in Acadia, and 
 no limits were affigned to thofe which wWc to 
 take pjare towards HudTon's Bay. • 
 
 hJ^lf'' f l^'^' preparations, ind tho 
 weie the fore-runners. . awaked the king's 
 
 riaJ, which he cauled to b^ given into the ' 
 court of London, in the month of >ne 174^^ 
 
 Ss FrZf 1'^' appointment of'commW: 
 nes from both nations, who were to fettle in 
 an amicable manner the limits of the refpe^ive 
 colonies. Thiapropofal was accepted, and iq 
 t,'^T'if.¥y'749. bj which thS 
 
 on of tho e commiffanes, his majefly declared, 
 ^ ...That no fuchthin^ was intended as 3 
 
 ^1 projeft 
 
 (C 
 
 cc 
 
 C( 
 
 <( 
 
 tt 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
re was ho rc^ 
 Jtrcchtj and 
 It all things 
 ^ame. footing 
 uive been on, 
 rent war. 
 'he court of 
 I new fettle- 
 sgard to its 
 claufcs of 
 
 -laChapclIc 
 IS given of 
 of all the 
 England in* 
 . Laurence, 
 kadia, anj 
 iich w^rcto 
 
 s, and th9 
 ^hich they 
 the king's 
 I a memo- 
 1 into the 
 ^iine 1749, 
 commifla-r 
 to fettle ill 
 ; refpedivic 
 •d; and ill 
 vhich the 
 nominati^ 
 declared, 
 ided as 3 
 5* projeft 
 
 (5) 
 
 «* projca towards Hudfon's Bay. 2". That he 
 «* had given effedual orders that no attempt 
 " Hiould be made, cither on the fide of 
 " Nova Stotia, or that of Hudfon's Bay, on 
 " thepcflcfljons, or the trade of his mort 
 " chriftian majcftys fubjccts. 3^ That he had 
 " given no orders to make fettlements ia 
 " that part of Nova Scotia, to which France 
 " had formed pretentions". 
 ^ The Settlement of Hallifax, then in agita- 
 tion in England, feemed in lome fort to be a 
 bledge of the fmccrity of this declaration. 
 Supplies which feemed defigned only for this 
 infant colony, were not of fuch a nature as to 
 I alarm the French government. The town is 
 built on the coaft of Acadia, at the moutli of 
 Chedabudlo Bay. 
 
 One of the principat ftipuktioni agreed to on 
 the noinination of coinmiiraries, was that no 
 innovation fhould be attempted on the coun- 
 tries, thefate of which was to be finally deter- 
 mined by then- fentence. This convention was 
 a confequence of the declaration made in the 
 court of London's memo'-* l Thus did the 
 French remain in pofTelJ jo?i of all the lajids 
 which they had held without interruption 
 fince the treaty of Aix-la ChapcUej as well 
 between Bay Francoife, and die -river St. 
 Laurence^ as in the Peninfula itfelf j from the 
 Minastothellthmus, and from the Ifthmus 
 to die bay of Chedabudto. As to the Banks of 
 Ihe Ohio, apd th? countries iltuat^d to th^ 
 
I 
 
 (6) 
 
 tveftof theapalachian mountainsj the Enellrl, 
 never had either forts or faflodes ,^ ,C' 
 places, nor had the court of London tormed 
 
 tZ" "^'t^ "f-'nyfetl'mentonXfide 
 nor was there the leaft mention made of 
 
 ati^iet^'^'"-'^-'"*'^^^^^^^ 
 
 mu^T *' '"""""« *" commiffion. and the 
 mutual engagements which had preceded it 
 
 TeHe *"' *' ~"' of Jnd:„ ^ould 
 ^ Amcrica^Tr"/*" ^"Slilh colonies 
 m America, fuch orders as were agreeable 
 to the ftipulations made in Europe : l1 wrof 
 
 ^f^'^'- *" Pf»" ^"'y flop to Xf/ 
 
 S?:^o'dS°^:;^K'rorfr^-^'«'>'^^^ 
 
 Wem.,hereSfealo^tr:feiCT 
 
 fealty to the Wngof^nd TW° ^^"1' 
 intimidated by menac« m",l r -1^°?'^ 
 .he count de fa GTliSe™. thT ft" ll 
 remove their fears, fentan officer v'th a fS^? 
 detachment offoldiers and nf ,h. V- 
 of Canada. M. de h G:illt £dS 
 
 maicarens of this attempt 5 but alfo en- 
 
 deavourerj 
 
 t<ieav( 
 
 jhoftiJ 
 
 comn 
 
 ingtJ 
 
 (their 
 
 mcdii 
 
 Thcfc 
 
 feries 
 
 pnd ' 
 
 inarqi 
 
 Theii 
 
 iGaliffc 
 
 in 174 
 
 •ut to 
 
 ;he CO! 
 
 ^<he goi 
 
 ^equcni 
 
 I The 
 
 jcncraj 
 
 iich a 
 
 ieafur< 
 
 rupplics 
 
 xtillcry 
 
 [cfForts t 
 
 ion whi 
 
 Iritanni 
 
 ladetU 
 
 Thei 
 
 ;ainft tl 
 
 lenorti 
 
 Jnglilh 
 
 lem to 
 
ns; the EngliOi 
 ;<^oiics in thofc 
 ^ondon tormcd 
 !nt on that fide; 
 :ntion made of 
 Delations which 
 Utrecht, or in 
 to the peace of 
 
 iffion, and the 
 i preceded, it 
 London would 
 iglifh colonies 
 vere agreeable 
 >pe : It was of 
 tranquility of 
 ftop to thefc 
 e might give 
 irious nature, 
 fthe disputes, 
 nent of com- 
 Lnglifh corn- 
 French In- 
 1, to fwear 
 rhefe people 
 )plications to 
 > in order to 
 v/ith a fmall 
 he milicians 
 5, had after 
 tter to Mr. 
 t alfb en- 
 deavonrerl 
 
 ( 7 ) 
 
 ,^"y?";««l*<; prevail on him to fufpend the 
 pftihucs, which theEngliOihadnotccafedto 
 fpommit againft the Abnakics; notwithftand^ 
 ang thefe had by the orders of the French 
 ttherr allies) laid down their arms on the im' 
 mediate news of the treaty of Aix-la Chapclle. 
 Thefe complaints hud given occafion to ^ 
 leries of letters, wrote in a pretty warm ftiJc. 
 |nd which paired mutually between the 
 mrquis de la Jonquiere, and M. Cornwallis : 
 
 EThc firft having fuccceded the Count de h 
 ahfloniere, and the fecond Mr. Mafcarcns 
 kntl^fu .^".^"^^.^sfuppofed to have been 
 |ut to thefe altercauons, \yy die orders which 
 fhe court of London affirmed to have fent to 
 the governors of the Englifli colonies, in con- 
 Sequence of the appointment of commiflaries. 
 They had already begun their fittings, when 
 general Cornwallis thought himfelf'now in 
 ?uch a condition, as he need not obferve any 
 ^cafures. He had received fromEngland frefh 
 applies of troops, fetders, ammunition, and 
 irtilicry i and m confequence he made frefh 
 efforts to expel the French from a country, 
 on which according to the aflurance of his 
 Bntannick Majefty, no attempt was to be 
 -ru i ^^^^'nfniffaries came to a decifion. 
 Ihefirftadls of violence were direfted a- 
 ,ainft the kings fubjeds, who are fettled on 
 He northern coafts of the Peninfula. The 
 ^nglifli commander's view was to compel 
 tftem to withdraw, in order to make room for 
 
 th*« 
 
(8) 
 
 iht new fetdefs ; moft of the French fmWiti 
 were forced to relinquifh their poffeffions to 
 evacuate the Peninfula, and to feek refuse in 
 other parts of New France. \^ 
 
 Encouraged by this Succcfs, Mr. Comwallis 
 
 thought proper to exert himfelfirt the fame 
 
 manneff^gainft the French, who were fettled 
 
 out of the Pertinfula, on the river« which dif- 
 
 cmbojgue a? well into the bottom of the bay of 
 
 Fundi, as the gulph of St. Laurence. Thefe 
 
 I'cople being thus perpetually expofed to the 
 
 worft ttfage, and having experienced injuftices 
 
 and outrages without number, agreed to de- 
 
 rn^d of marquis de la Jonquiere, that Pro- 
 
 weion which his majefty owes all his fubjedld. 
 
 jyi^f^"!!^^''"-^'''^'" ^^" detachment 
 of troops and mihtia-men, under the com- 
 
 nand of an officer, to whom he gave the 
 tmH precifc orders, to attempt nothiii* a- 
 gmft the Englifh, and to confine hiillelfl 
 5)lely to the preventing them from m^kinJ 
 anyi^tlcment on the lands, of which Franco^ 
 was m pofleffion; and above all that hel 
 ffiould not himfdf make any fortification of 
 any fort on them. The marquis de la Jon^f 
 qmere did more; for he had the attention to? 
 gve previous nodce to Mr. Cornwallis dfi^l 
 Kep, the motives which forced him to it and' 
 the orders given to the detachment. ^ 
 
 The laft complained of this conduft as an I 
 infoingementi but the orders of the governo^j 
 Of New France having been ftriaiy obeyed, 
 
 this' 
 
i French families 
 ir pofTeflions, to 
 o feck refuge in 
 
 » Mr. Cofttwallls I 
 ilfm the fame' 
 vho were fettled 
 ivers which dif- 
 ota of the bay of 
 iurence. Thefe 
 expofed to the 
 «nced injuftices 
 agreed to de- 
 iere, that Pro- 
 all his fubjeftd. 
 ill detachment 
 kdcr the cofti- 
 i he gave the 
 ip« nothing a- 
 Dnfine himfelf 
 from m.^king 
 which Franco 
 all that he 
 fortification of j 
 uis de la Jon 
 8 aWention to 
 nwallisc^thitf 
 him to itj and 
 lent. 
 
 condufl; as an 
 
 P the governor 
 
 ri^y obeyed, 
 
 this 
 
 (9) 
 
 this difpute was attended at that time with 
 no bad confequence * 
 
 Two odier objedls gave occafion in a little 
 time after to mutual complaints, in which the 
 two courts thought diemfelves more particu- 
 larly concerned. 
 
 Mr. Cornwallis complained of the cruelty 
 
 p'r^V(^ u r n ^^"'^^" ^^^^g« "fed the 
 Englijh, who fell into their hands j he af- 
 
 cnbed this ufage to the fuarreftions of the 
 French, and to the order. j£ the marquis 
 dela.Qnquiere The latter cleared himfelf 
 tully from the charge; and it may be faid with 
 truth, that the Abnakies had followed in this 
 condu<a only the impulfe of their own re- 
 sentment : It was at the French governor's 
 requeft, that after the treaty of Aix la Chapelle 
 they had ceafed all kind of hoftilities; but the 
 Englifh would never condefcend to confider 
 them, as comprehended in the general paci- 
 fication, and had perfcvered in their perl^cu- 
 tions againft them. Thus enraged, thefe 
 Savages had avenged their own injuries : 
 and the marquis dc la Jonquiere, fo far from 
 givmg them affiflance, ufed his beft efforts to 
 appeaie their Wrath The court of London 
 appeared fatisfied with the explanations given 
 on dus occafion, and thus this affair ended. 
 The objed of the other was of greater im- 
 portance, and might have been attended with 
 
 *Sev? original Papers, No. a. 
 
 c 
 
 worfe 
 
vorfc confcqucnces. The Enslifh for fome 
 months uied to intercept all the French 
 veflels which brought provifions from Quebec : 
 
 Mini r°'' A^^'r'^""^^^^^^ ^^' ^ f"b. 
 fifting the ports fituated on the frontiers of 
 
 Canada, or were fent as prcfents, agreeable 
 
 to annual cuftom, to the Indian-allies of 
 
 France. Thus a veflel from Quebec caUed the 
 
 jLondon, which was returning empty, after 
 
 haying unloaded a cargo of provifions at Che- 
 
 daic was taken 5* and in fome time after they 
 
 attacked and took at the mouth of Baic Fran- 
 
 coife, the king's Brigantine. called tlie St. 
 
 ^rancis commanded by an officer bearing his; 
 
 niajefty s commiffion, and which ferved % a 
 
 convoy to a veiTel f laden with provifion an4 
 
 ammunition for the ufe of the*^detachmenta 
 
 SZlTc' ^^V^ki«gthefeveflel3,a;id 
 tHe rifling of fome others, gave occajSon to 
 complaints, which were at that time addreCed 
 to the court of London;^ but as no fatisfa(aioa 
 
 hSr ^,f,T^"'« delajonquiere fand^ 
 himfelf entitled to make reprifals, and in wn! 
 fequence ordered three or VourEndi/hveS 
 
 ifi^a!:r'"^^^^^^^^-^^^i 
 
 .J^f^^^^^^i^^^^tikz, io which 'ti^ ob^ 
 fervable the Elnglifh were always the a^, 
 
 Imnr* ^f'-* ^^^°«^P^e<i with Several at 
 Jpmpts which they made ou |hc couotrie^ 
 
 111 
 
fiih for fomc 
 11 the French 
 i from Quebec: 
 \ for the fub^ 
 le frontiers of 
 nts, agreeablq 
 [idian-allies of 
 ibec called the 
 
 empty, after 
 vifions at Che^ 
 ime after they 
 of Baic Fran- 
 illed tlie St. 
 er bearing his^ 
 h ferved as a^ 
 provifion an4 
 
 detachment^ 
 
 feveflel3,and 
 * occafion tQ 
 ime addreffe^ 
 10 fatisfadUoa 
 liere fancied 
 J and ia coon 
 )ndUh veflels 
 wbkh. wofe 
 
 ich 'ti§ obf 
 
 lys the ag, 
 
 feveral at» 
 
 e coootrie^ 
 
 Goelcttc, 
 
 an ^di it was agreed no innovation ftouM 
 bemade. I" the month of April ,750,^°" . 
 rai Cotnwalhs, entrufted major Lawfence 
 With an expedition againft the% ~d 
 
 ^ of t^r '' "*" ^''°'""- ^^^t the Ob. 
 ^ of this armament was, may be I*.arn;^ 
 
 w an act of hoftihty on the part of thfe 
 ^vernor, nay. it was alfo in this man„^ th^^ 
 expreffed themfelves in the letter prirteH 
 ^ndon, in the month of Auguft of thJ 
 
 ^.^^^"^'"J^Siventhefe orders: Havinir 
 Ata ereded a fort at the Minas he JJZ^^ 
 ^pmhimfelf at theheadof"a^dy?/ff 
 
 fcp^cSrab;^^^^^ 
 
 €f the Baic FranS TK r ,"PP^'^"^ 
 
 The French commandants, in onvier ♦^ 
 Sf the countries which 'rhZ I^Z Ta 
 
 CtS f ?!!f^ ^.'^ -vafio./of which 
 «ifey >d f«oh plain intimatJoiis, cou5d n^ 
 
 S f ^^n^^^ ereding in their ZntTo 
 toiall forta, tht on^ facing Btmi " 
 
 C 2 
 
 Ijaflii 
 
 in, at a 
 
 pi 
 
 ace 
 
f !i: 
 
 ! 'f 
 
 (12) 
 
 place called Beau-Sejoiir, the other at Gafpei 
 reau, on Bay-verte, as a magazine for the firft, 
 and to fecure fuppjies by the gulph of St. 
 Lawrence. 
 
 What hadpafTedat the time of building 
 the fort of BeaubafTin proved fufficientjy the 
 neceffity of erefting thefe two forts, which 
 were calculated toferve as a bulwark to the 
 Continent. For general Cornwallis, had caufed 
 troops, and fome artillery to march againft 
 the inhabitants of the Ifthmus, who were fo 
 terrified by this procedure, that they ran away, 
 having firft of all fet fire to their habitations; 
 and what is the more remarkable in all this 
 IS, that the Englifh general who reduced 
 both French and Savages to this cruel di- 
 lemma, had the aflurance to complain of this 
 flight, which he treated as an adt ofhoftility 
 on their fide : A new kind of hoftility indeed; 
 that! Which, as we fee, confifts in a man's 
 leaving his country* open to the invafion of a 
 foreign power! And indeed, the complaints of 
 Mr. Cornwallis, ferved only to bring about an 
 eclaircifi*ement, which oughtto have convinced 
 the king of England of the regularity of the 
 proceedings of France, and howfincereihc 
 was in her defires to preferve peace. 
 
 The confequence of this eclairciflement was 
 a formal declaration, by which his Britannicfc 
 Majefty car-'Hd the king to be aflurcd, that 
 
 * See original Papers, No. 4, 
 
 r^ii 
 
 fren> 
 
I 
 
 Herat Gafpei 
 le for the firfV, 
 ! gulph of St. 
 
 : of boilding 
 ifficiently the 
 forts, which 
 Jwark to the 
 is, had cauied 
 narch againft 
 who were fo 
 lev ran away, 
 r habitationsi 
 e in all this 
 who reduced 
 lis cruel di- 
 nplain of this 
 ^ of hoftility 
 liility indeed^ 
 Is in a man's 
 invafionof a 
 lomplaints of 
 ring about an 
 ve convinced 
 larity of the 
 w fincerefhc 
 ce. 
 
 iffement was 
 is firitannick 
 affurcd, that 
 
 fre/h- 
 
 frtlh orders had been fent" to prevent any 
 cnterprife. 
 
 , The king, on his part, repeated thofe he had 
 already given to the marquis de la Jonquiere. 
 yj Whether it was owing to the meafures 
 taken by the court of England to prevent 
 general Cornwallis from proceeding any 
 fariher; or to the vigilance of the marquis de 
 la Jonquiere, in cautioning againft furprifesj 
 tis certain the Englifli forbore making any 
 further attempts on that fide : They maintain- 
 ed themfelves in their forts of die Minas, and 
 Beaubaffin. The French remained quiet in 
 thofe of Beau-Sejour, and Gafpereauj fo that 
 from 1751, till the expedition of 1755, of 
 which an account ihall be given hereafter, 
 this part of New France had received no 
 moleftation from the vicinity of the Englifh 1 
 nay, good harmony feemed to be fo thorou^ 
 iy rc-eftabli(hed between them, that in order 
 to put a flop to the frequent defertions on the 
 frontiere, the m^-quis du Qdefne, fucceflbr 
 of the marquis de la Jonquiere, and Mr. 
 Hopfon, who Succeeded Mr. Cornwallis, had 
 agreed on a cartel, which was very pundtually 
 obferved from 1752, till laft year. ' 
 
 ' J^"f*^o' the tranquility was happily rc- 
 eftabhfhed in Acadia, yet encroachments and 
 hoftihties were multiplied on anodier fide, on 
 which equally depended the prefervation of 
 Canada. To clear up the origin, and fix the 
 €poch of thefc troubles, it wiiT be nccefiaiy 
 -■'■■■■"■ to 
 
( '4 ) 
 ^.trtos Awigs fom^what fartJrtr back Ant 
 the treaty of Aix la Chapelle. 
 ! Thi Ohioy otficrwiife called BcIfc^Rivki-e, 
 or the Fair Rivfcr, forms a hatural communis 
 cafjcm between Canada, and the Louifiana, by 
 tbo Uke Eric. The French who were tx>n* 
 J^ i Hi the difcovery, arid the mftimtaiiiinff 
 ttis %:onwmiiMbaitio!i, were the fifft who fur* 
 yeytsd this fiwr, of which the Ueur de hi Sall4 
 f.gemicnettD of Norihandyj had vifited a put 
 w 1679. fa 1^12. the king. Ml thctertersa 
 patent for the fetdemcftt of Louitoa, com- 
 prekibded tko. rivet Walbadl*, which difi. 
 o^S^s iMfinm ihe Ohioi and in ^tnnd aii 
 fcenvers whi(dkia» into thdMMiflippi. Sincd 
 0wt iknt, th« Ohio had been fe^edoom* 
 od by the French only; aiMl the ^^k 
 P^ «*d tMm 150 the cotMktrics which k ?uf« 
 WBOugh. The Apaiachian mountahw hod 
 ^HWaysbeeilcpnifideredaa tkd bouiidaraes of 
 twir colonies^ . ,^, , 
 
 The Ei;^Mi miaiftry. ^onc^r mkifed ^ 
 o|»poitimity of diftreflinl^ t»e t^de tjf FvitiCc^ 
 tew^hcr for 4loh§ time this ooitenmnicatioft 
 which fherfbood fo much in need of. In 1740. 
 fome Englidi traders began to carry wl a 
 contw(b*Mi trade on the Ohto> and it un#dif- 
 covered that they were tampering with/ the 
 indiails, in order td induce them to a Wat 
 «wth France The count dt la GaliiTonierc 
 MJMtthed from Canada to thefe parts ^t 
 wurCcterod, ,aar officer of Cttttada, withdi> 
 
 regions 
 
 more 
 Nj 
 a lett 
 licen< 
 He ir 
 pafTec 
 grant 
 ^ that I; 
 Engli 
 carry 
 territc 
 Th 
 Ohio, 
 ihoals^ 
 ment 
 
 C! 
 
tirtr back t<han 
 
 ► . 
 1 Bclk^Rivki-e, 
 tural comi!nuni« 
 le Louifiana, by 
 who vreteaon* 
 the nDAintaming 
 i fifft who ftir<> 
 ieurdehk&lll4 
 d Vifked a paii£ 
 in theictiers^ 
 
 16, which din. 
 ^ in giefierd ak 
 WifTippii Sincd 
 
 t the £nglitf|| 
 J which it tuns 
 nountams hod 
 houiidaries of 
 
 icVer midbd ai^ 
 idcuf FdttidCk 
 otfeMiiqnicaidoil 
 iaf. In 1)749^ 
 » carry oil a 
 Indit vni#dif- 
 ing wlUi tht 
 rem to- A t^af 
 I Galiilbniere 
 lefe parts the 
 ada, withdi> 
 reckons ! 
 
 ; regions to ufe no violence towards thei» 
 [foreign traders; bm to content himfelf with 
 [fummoning them to withdraw, and Do iciw 
 ; their goods, in cafe they perfifled in ftaying. 
 
 This funimon*, whicu was the only ilcp 
 that was taken, was attended with all the 
 effed which could have been expe^ frcm^ 
 it. The EngU/h traders were obl^ed to ihecc 
 off, and duly captioned againil returning any 
 
 Nay the fieur Celoron charged theax with 
 a letter to the governor of Penfylvaaia, whoS 
 Licences were aiewn by fomc of theie tradeirs. 
 He informed him by this letter of what had 
 paffed, andde£red, not only thajthe woul<J 
 grant no iuch permiiCon for the future, bu^ 
 that he would alfo take care that none of Ishq 
 Englifh qf hh government fhould continue to 
 carry onthia contraband trade on the \mg% 
 territories, •■ 
 
 The fteur Celoron had no fooner left th« 
 Ohio, than the £ngli(h traders returned ii^ 
 £hoals,: They had orders from tabe goveta-. 
 i»ent to prevail on the Savages, to take im 
 9rm^ againft France. They brought theqj 
 even arms, and ammunition. In 1750, tl^ 
 marquis de la Jonquiere was under a necefiity 
 ^f fending a fecond time feveral detachoaentt^ 
 ftill with orders tp ufe no violence tov^ard^ 
 ^ ?i\gl,i|h, and to awe the rebel-Savages^ 
 Even thefe were dealt with tenderly j howe- 
 ver, in order to prevent th^ pwgfefs of the 
 
 fmuggling, 
 
( i6 ) 
 
 rmugghng bufinefs, it was judged proper to 
 fci^c four Engl^ traders, who continued 
 imuggling m defiance of the prohibition, 
 and whobefldes had «ven ftrong fufpicion of 
 having laboured to Lring the favages to a 
 revolt. They were conduced to Quebec 
 where they were examined by the SSquis 
 de la Jonquiere himfelf, and from their de- 
 pofitions, he hadreafon to be convinced of 
 the certainty of his advices. It was proved, 
 tiiat the governor of Penfylvania had caufed 
 tile Savages tobefupplied with arms, ammu- 
 nition, and other prefents, in order to their 
 
 ttr^ ""T '^!?^ ?"'^"'^ ^'^ ^* Jonquiere 
 hefitated no longer fending thefe fourEnglifli- 
 
 mcn to France. They remained for fome time 
 pnfoners at Rochelle. The lord Albemarle, 
 Aen ambaffador from England, whofe pro:! 
 ted^on they daimed, fued for their liberty, 
 without the leaft complaint of tlie caufe fo^ 
 which they were deprived thereof. The king 
 ordered them to be enlarged, and even thai 
 tney ihould have fome money. Lord Albe- 
 marle, returned his thanks to the minifterof 
 the marine, as for a favour that had been 
 conferred on him perfonally. i 
 
 The moderation which the French laid 
 themfel ves down as an invariable rule for their 
 condua:, ferved to render the Savages of the 
 Ohio more audacious. In a litrie time there 
 
 « See original Papers No. 5. 
 
 wsis 
 
iged proper to 
 ivho continued 
 le prohibition, 
 ng fufpicion of 
 5 favages to a 
 d to Quebec, 
 [ the marquis 
 rom their dc- 
 
 convinced of 
 [t was proved, 
 ia had caufed 
 arms, ammu- 
 rder to their 
 5 la Jonquiere 
 fourEnglifli- 
 forfome time 
 rd Albemarle, 
 » whofe pro- 
 their liberty, 
 ie caufe for 
 >f. The king 
 d even that 
 
 Lord Albe- 
 e minifter of 
 It had been 
 
 French laid 
 rule for their 
 vagesof the 
 : time there 
 
 (17) 
 
 wasrcafon to apprehend, that thefe people, 
 to whom the Engli/h had promifed affilhnces 
 of every kind, ^yould enter into a general con- 
 fpiracy. Notwithftanding, the marquis de la 
 Jpnquiere went no farther in 1 75 , . il,an he 
 did m 1750. However, the detachments he 
 had fent perceived a very extraordinary fer- 
 mentation the cffedls of which it became 
 mdifpenfably neceflkry to prevent fpeedily. 
 The governor of Canada, being convinced that 
 
 mo?.i rf'1§*\ was preparing to march a 
 more confiderable body of troops, in order to 
 awe them, but he died in Marcli 17^2 
 
 The marquis duQuefne, hi* fuccei^r. ar- 
 rived at Quebec, a few months after, he found 
 
 hihTd^n^^K^^'V^" greateft apprehenfions , 
 he haftened dierefore to take up die projed of 
 
 ot the detachment being retarded by different 
 circumftanqes, all that the lieur de St. Pierre 
 hy whom it was commanded, could do,^ was! 
 to eredhimfelf, at a fmall diftance from the 
 Lake Eric, a poft, where he fpent the winter 
 from 1753 to 1754. 
 
 Here he was.very quiet in the month of 
 Oftober 1753, when he received a letterfrom 
 
 withdraw He contented himfelf with anfwcr^ 
 wg that he was on French ground : and by 
 orders of his general, to whom he was going 
 
 t) to 
 
( '8) 
 
 to communicate this fummons,* as for the 
 reft, he Ihewed the greateft politenefs to the 
 
 AT'.)^^° ^'' ""= ^'''" "^'his letter! 
 Om^L f^'me t,me that the marquis du 
 
 ^nlr ofV'' ■""T'^ "^ *'' "^P °f 'he go- 
 Englilh colonies, to aft ofFenfively againft the 
 
 a^ur If r Pf P''-«'ons were avowed by Ihe 
 IT },'T^?"' "PPears from their havine 
 
 of tSa? tim?' • *" if-' u*= ^"eHfl> Gazei^ 
 WLT'JJ?- r'l"'' "'«'^« printed the veiy 
 
 Jand and Virginia laboured to prevail onSe 
 
 . 7''.?"S''5> had alfo paffed alreadv »„. 
 Apa lachian Mountains, and were m,^!,- 
 ma body with artiUei^. wifen n thTfe 
 JH^I" '754. thefieurde Conh^^ r? " ^ 
 who had taken upon himfe^f \r°ntre-Cceur 
 
 of the detachment, befo" f„der TT^ 
 of the fieur de St. Pierre.^rew ntr Ae Oh^ 
 with five or f« hundred me^ He t ^^f ' 
 Engliih already intrencEf , / ",?^/''* 
 
 which they had^Arot:^:; l^fj^ 
 river and the river Anv R^'^f ;? ""' 
 
 River. They were tn A '• '^ ^f^' 
 ' were to the number of 
 
 Xondonpaperr • " "' '^' "™« i«fc"cd in tlj^ 
 
i* as for the 
 litenefs to the 
 his letter, 
 marquis dli 
 [ep of the go- 
 rom all parts 
 aking in thfe 
 ly againft the 
 the Savages: 
 owed by the 
 their having 
 lifli Gazettes 
 nted the veffy 
 ofNewEng- 
 ►rcvail on the 
 e. 
 
 already the 
 *e marching 
 1 the ipring 
 bntre-Cceur, 
 e command 
 r the orders 
 ir the Ohio, 
 le found the 
 t fmalJ fort, 
 )etween this 
 or Beefs- 
 number of 
 
 anftver to the 
 nfcrtcd in th.e 
 
 fifty 
 
 C 19 ) 
 fifty tnen, under the command of captain 
 fr^".; ^ i.^?'"^ vvcrefummoncd to withdraw 
 ZT ^'' \-T^\ territories. The fummons 
 was comphed with, the fort was quietly eva- 
 cuated, and they even prayed the lieur de 
 Contrc.C(£ur, to let them have fome provi- 
 fions, which they wanted : "He caufed them 
 fort Provided abundantly, and deftroyed tlie 
 
 As he continued his rout along the river 
 from this place, he met on the banks with 
 the traces of a fort, the conftrudion of 
 which was projedcd by tlie Englifh, but 
 ws^fi abandoned by them undoubtedly upon 
 reccivmg intimation of his approach. He re- 
 mained in this pljice himfelf, and fortified it 
 The entrenchments of this fort;ification. to 
 which was gjiv^n ^e name effort du Quefne 
 W^re not yet finiflned, when the fi^r de' 
 Conrre-CoBur received advices of a confiderable 
 body of troops being on their march towards 
 him. Upon which he charged die fieur de 
 JumonvHlc with a fummons in writing by 
 way of letter, addreffed to the firft Em-liih 
 commander he iliouid meet. This letter'Was 
 wrote the 23d. of May i y^^, and was nearly 
 to the fame purpofe with the fummons, for- 
 merly fent to captain Trent. It carried 
 
 + See origiaal papers, No. 6. • SccoriginaJ papers 
 
 D2 
 
 aiTurances 
 
ftl 
 
 (20) 
 
 fliould be offered them; and moreover, the 
 iinglifli commander was defircd to deliver his 
 anhver to the Hear de Jumonvillc, and to ufe 
 that officer with due diaindtion and regard. 
 i>,.T ' ^5P"ty/et out with an cfcort of thirfv 
 i^. ;^l" /fr^""^" ^' the next morning, i/^ 
 
 icd of Eng hfh and Savages; the firft difcharged 
 immediately two vollies, by which fome fol- 
 diers were tilled. The fieur de Jumonvillc 
 niade a fignal, giving to underftand, that he 
 was bearer of a letter from his commander 
 Upon which, the fire ceafed : A circle was im- 
 
 rA:lH'J^r'''^L''^'"?'^"°^^«^' to hear what 
 r..5 A i%' "l^^^^^«i Ac Summons to be 
 read, and before the man had done reading, he 
 was himfelf murdered by the Engli/h. The 
 remaining part of the French, who formed his 
 clcort. were immediately made prifoncrs of 
 war; the only one who efcapcd, in giving an 
 account to the fieur de Contre-CcBur o/the 
 arcumftances of this affair, affured him, that 
 the Savages, who were in c.. . '.l; with th- 
 Engli/h, Jia-J not fired, and >^'a J :n at the 
 very time that M. dc Jumonvnie was murder- 
 ed, they had thrown themfelves in between 
 the French and their enemies. 
 
 This inurder wrought on the minds of the 
 Savages in a different manner from what 
 
 major Wafhington himfelf, who commanded 
 the L.ghfh detachment, expeded. Even thofe 
 
 who 
 
 upon I 
 crime. 
 " Th( 
 theofi 
 vengea 
 the En 
 would 
 fome ti 
 that nc 
 
 ongma 
 
 by virti 
 
 Fromt 
 
 v/hcre- 
 
 meafun 
 
 The 
 
 no fatis: 
 
 furnifhc 
 
 ftru£tioi 
 
 place wi 
 
 wan im 
 
 with his 
 
 Englifh 
 
 fort of 
 
 arrival o 
 
 for the 
 
 fore fenl 
 
rto i^iolcncc 
 orcovcr, the 
 to deliver his 
 ;, and to ufe 
 id regard, 
 cort of thirtjr 
 norning, lie 
 "oop compo- 
 rt difcharged 
 h fome lol- 
 
 Jumonville 
 id, that he 
 commander, 
 cle was im- 
 
 hear what 
 imons to be 
 reading, he 
 ^liih. The 
 
 • formed his 
 rifoncrs of 
 
 1 giving an 
 Eur otthe 
 him, that 
 7 with th? 
 
 ^n at the 
 IS murder- 
 1 between 
 
 ids of the 
 am what 
 umanded 
 ven thofe 
 who 
 
 (21) 
 
 who by the fuggeftions of the Englifli were 
 moft animated againft the French, offered 
 upon this occafion to take vengeance for this 
 cilfiie. 
 
 The marquis du Quefne refufed to accept 
 the offers of a nation, always cruel in their 
 vengeance. He made at firft no doubt but that 
 the Englifh would difown the violence, and 
 would charge it to the ferocious difpofition of 
 fome traders ; but fince it was made appear, 
 that nothing was done bjit by the orders of the 
 governors of the Englifh colonies.* Major 
 Wafhington's journal can be produced in the 
 original; where it appears, that he aftcd only 
 by virtue of the precile orders he had received. 
 From this it is plain, that to attack the French 
 v/here-ever they were to be found was a 
 mcafure at that very time refolved on. 
 
 The ficur dc Contre-Coeur, having received 
 no fatisfadion from the Englifh, and being 
 furnifhed with the marquis du Quefne's In- 
 ftrudtions, applied himfelf to find out the 
 place where the afTaffins had retired to. He 
 was imformed, that major Wafhington W2S 
 with his detachment in a fmall fort, which the 
 Engli/h had built, and was by them called the 
 fort of Neceflity, where they waited the 
 arrival of a (frefh fupnly of troops, defigned 
 for the attack of fort du Quefne. He there- 
 fore fent out a detachment, in order to take. 
 
 4( See original Papers, No. viii. 
 
 if 
 
(Z2) 
 
 if poffible, the French prifuncrsi or at 
 I?aft to compel the Englifh to withdraw from 
 the French territories. The fie«r de Vilh'ers 
 brother to Jumonville, was charged with the 
 execution of the commiffion, and this was the 
 fole purport of the inftrudions which were 
 given him. It was even exprefly recommend- 
 ed to him, to oiFer no violence, if the Englilli. 
 would think proper to retire. 
 ^ He fetout the 28th of June, from fort du 
 ^fne, and after having paffed through the 
 place where the murder had been committed, 
 and where the bodies of the French were ftill 
 to befeen, he arrived the 3d. of July with- 
 in fight of the fort of Neceifity. The Epglifh. 
 Who had rallied out, returned in again after 
 they Iwd made their difcharge. The fort was 
 immediately invefted and attacked. The fire 
 was very hot, but the fieur de Villier^ caufed 
 It to ceafe towards eight o'clock in the evening 
 inprdertopropofetotheEnglifli, tliat they 
 would avoid an aflkult, which muft have exl 
 poff d then) in fpitc of the French themfelve;s, 
 the cruel treatment of thp Savages. 
 ■ His propofal was accepted, and the capi- 
 tulation drawn. The French would make no 
 prifoners, becaufe they did not confider them^ 
 fejves as at War. They contented themfelves 
 with infixing on thofe men being returned 
 tJaeoii, who had been part of the efcort of the 
 fieur de Jumonville. Major Wafhington 
 engaged himfelf to fend thcni back to fort du 
 
 Quefne, 
 
 Quefni 
 
 perfon 
 
 they h; 
 
 cannon 
 
 acknov 
 
 tulatior 
 
 than to 
 
 who w< 
 
 The 
 
 this capi 
 
 who ret 
 
 du Que 
 
 .' jHowi 
 
 or «ight 
 
 i^cniainci 
 
 liihj ne 
 
 Qiwfnc; 
 
 number, 
 
 where th 
 
 periencec 
 they imp 
 
 Mirepoijf 
 king's ex 
 ftill a mi 
 of thefe p 
 quenceof 
 they beei 
 fending in 
 thefc perl< 
 their vocat 
 
they had leave ,oK±^'v?*''=»8«ft. 
 cannon/ a„d aK^ffea t? ""u^ P'"^' "^ 
 acknowledged bv A^fi a TIJ^X *enifelves 
 
 than to avenge thV^" t'o f a Fr^*? t^«" 
 
 M i never dSt!^"*'P»" of the Engl 
 
 Q!«rne; out of twen^°Z T*? *" ^^'^ 
 number, feven w"^''°'7'^'» "»» their 
 
 whe:, Aey l::!i,^li'X;h^"8l.nd. 
 
 perienced die tnoft ^i^^ ^^ ^"'"S *x. 
 
 they taplorAX ^"S "?*?'"«' *«« 
 
 ''•ng'sexnence. ,r. J" . ''^" at thd 
 
 * See Original Papcre, No; ^ 
 
 En 
 
 gum, 
 
(H) 
 wasprodudtivc of too great advantages to the 
 Englifh, for them to think ierioully of their 
 removal. 
 
 The hoftages, whofe names were Jacob 
 d'Ambraan, and Robert Stobo, were a couple 
 of veiy expert and finifhed fpies, who con- 
 trived a method to keep up a regular corref- 
 pondence with the Englifh generals. Among 
 tile papers, which came into the poffeffion of 
 the French, after the battle of the 9th of July 
 1755> were the letters whichRobertStobo, one 
 of the hoftages, wrote to major Wafliington 
 That of the 28th of July, to which is annexed 
 anexadplan of fbrt du Qucfne, of his own 
 drawmg, IS very well worth reading;! a very 
 jnft account isthercin given by thisfpy of the 
 fituation in which the French were at that 
 time, their number, and their ftrcngth. He 
 points out th<J very moment in which the 
 Englifh might form an attack on the fort, and 
 Uie molt certain method they could take to 
 become maflers of it; but what is mofl fin^u- 
 Jarlyobfcrvable in this letter, is the teflimo- 
 ny which this man, tho' burfting widi rage 
 againft the French, was forced to give of their 
 paaHc difpofitions, 
 
 • "^^^i^^g^^^re very far from entertain, 
 ing fudi fentimentsj major Wafhington for- 
 mcd no more entcrprifes, but it was bccaufc 
 be was not fuificienriy ftrongj however, from 
 
 Su original Pap«r«, No. ip. 
 
 theif 
 
'hat very time, all the forces of the Pn„r-/v 
 colonies were in motion, horder to fx^''te 
 Aeir plan of a general invafion of S 
 This plan was drawn up, and fettleH tf? 
 don. at a time, when Ae Fn„l"^ ^!!r 
 fanes of Paris, Veem:d tyttt theTr "f 
 
 m a plan of reconciliation. ^' 
 
 them whh Tdlr;' r"'*°"' ^« P^WiA 
 
 Thr:; r/S^r^^^t^^ AatEnropen;; 
 QuainK-rf oTi /I ".'oorfy war, be made ac, 
 
 rupture , hi V'^"'' '^' '™^ ='"*ors of a 
 
 rupture, the confequence of w/K;^k 
 
 be otherwife than Atal '''' """"' 
 
 So early as the 28thof Auguft „„ ,.,„ 
 
 kmg of England had fent to the difcen; 1"" 
 
 ~^/ 'he EngliA colonies! ordmrcir 
 
 ■ve to the manner in which they wet to t 
 have themfelves towards the French Ith^" 
 orders cannot be Drodnc^H ,uf ■ •^V''«'e 
 ino „f .1, • F'oauced, there is no udff- 
 
 K 
 
 V 
 
fcheme *'''"''°"' '' ^'"^'^ "^^ -deliberate 
 
 10,000 1. fterlinl'o "frl . «™««nce of 
 of Viminia ,n^^; ,"" *° 'l^e governor 
 
 for :S. more "' '° -^^^ "P°" ^"S'-d 
 
 J'ing of EnglaTft; ^ewt^rS *^ 
 vernois of the EnaV.n, T\ • ""e So- 
 
 one of senerd WJ^ I . /PPe*" fr°'n 
 
 which hitliu^^'l^tt^T, '" 
 
 ters and e„ .^ according^ • ^°' *=«= '«" 
 
 All thefe fteps could not be taken i„ . 
 iequence of the difputes which & ~"; 
 on the Ohio inafmn^l • ^° happened 
 to have had « f W .• ^' " "'"' impSffible 
 •i^em in Lond'of " *""'' ""^ ^^^ Ae of 
 
 ture we« thefe o^rado^'f' ^Ittf"" 
 
 relfor^'^^-°-°p--^tS: 
 
 -;e«„ gene^arnifS.i'C;:'::^ 
 
 * See original Papers, No. xi. 
 
 werg 
 
i deliberate 
 
 !ers were if- 
 ho, in carder 
 iiittance of 
 le governor 
 )n England 
 
 I754> and 
 -year, the 
 to the go- 
 containing 
 pears from 
 <^ions, in 
 thefe let- 
 
 5> In con- 
 happened 
 "ipoffibJe 
 vledge of 
 
 and ope- 
 what na-r 
 the im- 
 i to exa- . 
 
 colonel 
 itannicl^ 
 s which 
 
 werg 
 
 were thT 1 ? ' "''"<='' alarmed France 
 not ITfZJL ^'^"' °^ ''"^'^*"" ^«^= 
 
 to bi^d^wn ui* ^';^k"« °^ England caufed 
 general BZd<^rco^^^rf i^'"^"^ '" 
 tides. This he Ced 5r I "''" T 
 25th of November J^"" *' *« 
 
 coloniesf Udo ° trSrT °^ ""^ ^"S^ 
 tial detail nf /j,. '?*'^^"<' *° » circumftan- 
 
 neraT^' inttiSi'T"'^'* '^'-'^h *=» s"- ' 
 
 execut"onof a^k^, i '."?' '''"S^'' '^''^ *e 
 aa in concerr ^i, • P ^°"?S ^"^ch he was to 
 
 alfo wrhTgrvernt'onh"^'- f'^^'' ""' 
 moreover th.f VMc f "^^ ^^^^^^^^^ • ^^^ 
 
 -ilitarApt'titftrlTetaYr"' 
 
 tha? w^re of a"™ f"^ '° "°>^ "^"ers 
 
 The Duke of cll'^ r""\ 
 likelihood his BritannSr'mS''S'",:;^ 
 
 ^e g Laf okT^*"! *f ""^"^^ p'«'of 
 general plan, ordered inftruilions of a 
 
 /, 
 
( 28 ) 
 
 more particular nature to be addreffeH tn „. 
 neral Braddocfc : thefe inftruaio^: are in 
 tamed m a long letter written to him i„ h"s 
 •royal h.ghnefs's name by colonel Nappier 
 
 we 25th of November 1754; this letter 
 well worth attending to, pXt, Z^Tl 
 regular difpofition 5f all L military Ca! 
 
 atTh7cou« off 'r '°"« •'^'"°- -""""d 
 ,at the court of London , our faying, W be- 
 
 Me w. not appear extraordinaiy to who- 
 ever will confider, that colonel NappieTfets 
 
 wC'waf :^h"'"^ '°,^?^"' BraddocK mind 
 who was then in Ireland, that the inftruc- 
 tions which he was going to commit to pa- 
 per, are but the refult of thofe which Ss 
 roya highnefs had given to that ge^ralt 
 W feveral conferences and converfaLs with • 
 
 We (hall not here defcend into particulars 
 
 tion it rcfleds more honour on the i?enin.! 
 of the general, than it does on the inteS" 
 of the pnnce in vvhofe name it is vCe I 
 appears from this authentic piece, that a re 
 folution of a general invafion^of CanadaM': 
 
 Jvovember 1754, and very probablv feveral 
 
 monthsbefcre, and thatthe means of fecur „' 
 
 tsfuccefs were determined on, andpref ribef 
 
 to tlie feveral commanders, whofe combined 
 
 . Operations 
 
;d to ge*. 
 are con- 
 n in his 
 N'appier, 
 y> being 
 is letter, 
 s with a 
 y opera- 
 )ncerted 
 
 o who'. 
 pier fets 
 's mind, 
 inftruc- 
 to pa- 
 ich his 
 neral in 
 ns with • 
 
 ticulars 
 
 nftruc- 
 
 genius 
 
 entions 
 
 te. It 
 
 t a^e- 
 
 ^a was 
 
 nth of 
 
 feveral 
 
 :uring 
 
 :ribed 
 
 bined 
 
 ations 
 
 ^ take , V Du^'fe "tTe f;t°^k was 
 move further to Niagara wTf 1, t ^ ^^' •<> 
 ^ifc to make himfeff ™X ''f 'T""' ''fc^' 
 Point was to be attacSd 1^ ' *"' <='-°'''" 
 nationals ; la% that colon.? r'""''^ ^r *^ 
 to po/Tefs hi.n& of the tt /p '*"" ^^^ 
 '" the Whmus. and that all thfr^''" ^^'°" 
 were to be feconded an j f °Pewtions 
 n>otio„s of the fleet! tLT°"'"^ ^^ ">« 
 vinces were then to I,- '^°'iqMred pro- 
 
 %s which was "efoL/ '^'°''^^"^ ^V '^me 
 ^'nd the troops, after iclr-^ ^ ^ ereded, 
 t'ons ofwhicVwere fo wSP/ *e oper.I 
 cantoned in places wh^ L ''"^"^ T"^ to be 
 J0.n and affift each wher , 7 ^°"" "^dily 
 muting the remainw" "r"^„f :^'"y '"° «" 
 plan, and thofe orders of. *' S^""' 
 ture which the Genera was m.7 ^^ '"= ""- 
 While the Britiih M__!., ff^ ^o expefl. 
 thing more than imnofin/ l'^'' ^' "°- 
 Ftance, by negociatiS| n™ *1 ^°'-'" "^ 
 their aefire of preferl'" ,f'*''°"Seft manner, 
 fcddock in coicetS,^^ P'-T" <=^"^ra 
 nel Shirley, and he lovern""''''?'^?'^'' ^°lo- 
 cotos were cxerttSwr^ f ^'"S"* 
 warlike preparations." The *' " ^'""^'^'' i" 
 a^ going to give of his 1 "' ""^^^ "'"^ 
 ^ken from the^ve? ZtT^fT ^'^ '"==" 
 
 /-'-lexers an^,7emeS;4tirf 
 
 rinor 
 
( 3° ) 
 
 ""? 'J?^' '™<=' "'ere delivered to the FrenrU 
 
 iimWr « London, and of wl*h noTo- 
 
 tce wJl be taken till we have done w^th wW 
 
 ■ was tranfaaed in America fom the^rivd of 
 
 general Braddock. e^rhibit a contraft of at^^ 
 
 extraordinsry nature ^ 
 
 tal'^f'F""'-"'"''"^ atWilliamlburg, capi- 
 
 '755 1 • All the governors of the Englirt> nro. 
 vmces had received their orders before K 
 chief orders related to the raifing of troops and 
 'noney; a common fuml was^o beXnrf 
 toVrards the expence of a campaign of tW im 
 portance; as for the reft, th^^^i ^S 
 
 tLmrd%*' r"f ^ ordet^/whofe mili^ 
 talents deferved to be empbyed in a bett? 
 
 At Williamlburgh, he met fir John St 
 Clair, by whom he was informed of the d^ 
 
 New Y^.^ independent companies of 
 
 And a?to 'thr" •" ' T^/°"y '""dition. 
 f J if , "^'^ provinces, thofe of Penfylvania 
 and Maryland, were ftiU very backward in 
 *urn,a,ng their contingents : thefe prT,;^;ce" 
 had received no caufe of complaint rfom thei 
 t.ench neighbours; and they were not in 
 
 otr rade'^tht 'T "">; 'h'^' ^^^ 
 ^wn trade. The orders of the Britifh court, 
 
 t See original Papers, No. i^. 
 
 r.nd 
 
( 2^ ) 
 and the letters, which the general wmf. 
 his arriva L met wifh rv,^/ r* / ^^^°^^ on 
 other cololiS Th s tmlt?'^ "T^ "><= 
 to accelerate the mo£v rf, r ' '""'' ' ^'"^ 
 the feveral colonies to ?. ^P''",' P™'"'''^'! 
 table to them for, hr,'?"'°"''">"'^~»n- 
 
 were ordered to meet the M,, V n ^°'°'"" 
 General RrL? i ^^^ following. 
 
 to beX pIat'^°:ilPP°'"'^^, Alcxailria 
 
 cautioning thofe he hTd W^utht' wl^'t'"^ 
 from Europe, agreeable to W? Ift L *" 
 hedireaed the Iranfports to 1 1 th/^^"" 
 
 as tiiere was no forarre fr» N« u j ^, ' ""f» 
 
 * Spe original Papers. No. 13. 
 
 boursj 
 
( 32 ( 
 
 boiirs. ' So as/fays he, ' no provifions cou/d poA 
 fibly come to thccnemy t; to this advantage 
 was fuperadded, that of fecrecy, which was 
 obferved the whole time of recruitin-, while 
 the art! leiy was providing, and magazines 
 prepared, flocked with all kinds of necefl'arv 
 ftpres General Braddock, and Comn,rxiore 
 Keppel communicated conftantly to cacii o- 
 ther, their views and their projeds. Some 
 pieces of cannon, of which die land army had 
 not a fufficient number, were fupplied by the * 
 latter j and, thefe two fo necefTiry men, never 
 dilagreed, but in one fingle article, viz. The 
 jnanner in which the Frencl , who they were 
 almoft fure, would fall into tlieJr hands, were 
 to be ufed. The orders of tlie king of Ene- 
 land, had been to embark diem all, and tranf. 
 port diem to France. M. Keppel, who was 
 informed of tins refolution, only by rreneral 
 Braddock, was of opinion, die enterprke was 
 of too delicate a nature for him to be concerned 
 m. This excepted, the diredions of the court 
 were extremely well complied widij but die 
 real intent of die nation was doubtful Com 
 modore Keppel would gjadlyhave it in his 
 power to juftify himfelf to die nation, in cafe 
 .u ?^ disapprove of ftcps fo contraiy 
 to die laws of nations. He infifted, dierefore 
 on receiving poiitive orders from die se^ 
 neral. o 
 
 t See original Papers, No, 13, 
 
 As 
 
( 32 ) 
 
 Canada could not be encreafed to too ,^reut a 
 number : on the one hand, letter, were 7an to 
 
 %.pl.ed «j,th every thing they ftould deliS 
 
 °" *^ °*«;.. 't vvas indu(frio„fly repor ci 
 
 among the Ohio favages, that the EWlim ad 
 
 nooAer v.ew, but to proteft them fo, rf f 
 
 cno-oaehments of the'prench, and A p^! 
 
 vincial governors were not wanting in t'lrir 
 
 Sd °".*;/'■°'«'^^^of Virginia. But it may 
 
 «ived ii„t^"/'"'"> *^ Englin, havere- 
 ••eived little afljftance from thefe Dennis ti 
 
 were not better affifted ^the Z' 'o;,^'! 
 
 -.1 me i-ive Nations, W the Anies were fl-p 
 ^nly, who gave them any i,^ances of "a^di! 
 
 To proceed; in order to nrcvall ^„ .i 
 
 Alexandrir , ,*\S'-and council hcl-l at 
 
 Coloneft . "'l"'' *= ™'''d'= °f April. 
 land . • ^'-^^ ,*™ g^^^"""- of Ncw-eU. 
 
 wfth'the oril:" "'^''"'^*^ 'J"'- " -«i 
 iu.iinted With the genius of the fevnge., and 
 
 W See original Papers, No. 
 
 F 
 
 the 
 
• ^ (34) 
 
 n/ fj^,"^^""cr of negociating with them- 
 Mr. bhirley, if wc are to give credit to colonel 
 Wappiers inftruaions, was fitter for the cabi- 
 net than a command. However, he had 
 then erected a fort, with an armed force, 
 on the territories of France, near the fource 
 of the river Nourentfouac, which is about 
 tJiirty leagues from Quebeck. This expedition 
 undoubtedly was what recommended him to 
 tlie friendfhip of tlie general, who ever after 
 gave him diftlnguifliing proofs of his regard, 
 fo as may be immediately feen, by his enSuftl 
 mg him, with one of tlie moft important 
 commands. He had already an interview 
 wjth him at Annapolis in Maryland, where 
 tiiey had, in all likelihood fettled together 
 fome of the points, which were aftei-wartls 
 propofed to the confideration of the jreneral 
 council at Alexandiia. The minutes of the re- 
 folutions taken in this council, were fent to fir 
 Thomas Robinfon, fecretary of ftate, in a 
 letter which the general wrote him, the lotli 
 Oi April. We are told in this letter, that the 
 plan of that campaign's operations was here 
 finally fettled. They Icemed linked together 
 in lo mafterly a manner, that Mr. Braddock 
 feared not to fay, the fuccefs of one of them 
 cnfured that of all the reft, (b) He might have 
 fpoke tJuth : in as much as the ill fuccefs of one, 
 occafioned the failure of ajl the others. For 
 
 (b) Letter of April 19, 1754, original Papers, No. 13. 
 
 the 
 
were Wldl'dV i'P™'''^*- '■"^■'« '^'^y 
 
 "'oul'i be direct ^"''°"' ''''""'J Woncton 
 time. d>e K^^5^ " "'"^'i *'*<>« .06 of 
 
 '"odia4d';:u::it„"'"'''"'" "'"^«"- 
 
 h"ndredm^r" ;?.'?"' '""'"''^''''^nJ and fo„ 
 
 felf m.fte?7herS: '^"''''' ""'J ""'« him- 
 rereiw^- '^^ ^'^''^^ '^«f' Ws own and Pe,^' 
 
 have a ^bfo>„tlf„^^g- = ^at he ffK^id 
 
 fent to d.e JS^^^f ;^;''forceme„£ rt„,^,,d ,^ 
 tended ,0 SAUmift'^ = "■'"•^''^ was i„- 
 
 negociation wi& ^"j^^.™* »" ""Po«a„t 
 termineto a war was Tr ' . ""^ '° '^'- 
 
 which *ey confided- P:;;-/?,fi:-.Pn 
 
f 36 ) 
 
 JohnfoDfpeeches ready prepared, rO and 2000 
 ferns' "^^'^ ^° ^"^ employed in pre- 
 
 5. There now remained but the expedition 
 which the General referved for himfelf : it 
 has been but too well known by its ill fuccefs. 
 it was refolved that he fliould fet out for Fre- 
 derick s town die 2odi of April, from whence 
 he was to proceed to the mountains : where it 
 was fuppofed he fliould arrive about die beain- 
 ning of May ; fo as to be able to complete! in 
 the month of June, the execution of his in- 
 tended plan on the Ohio. 
 
 dTu V •' "''?? "T'^ "o»-lefs>thepIanwhich 
 was by ,t,ntended,dian to open all the avenues 
 of Canada to the Englirh, and to make them 
 mafters of the river St. Laurence : each com- 
 manderknewboth his particular deftination,and 
 toe relation which his commiffion had with all 
 thofe, which were to be executed at the fame 
 ^me. The oniybufmefs nowwas by accelerating 
 
 General Braddock, who had Ipent the laft 
 
 tlrioth 7n^ """'^'^ ^' , ^^'^ Cumberlancf- 
 the loth of May; to which place the whole 
 
 .naK: "^ ^/Tth, after'a veiy lab^t 
 inarch of twenty-feven days. This armv « 
 mounted only to .000 efFec4e n,e„" r/in" 
 deed- its bufinefs only, was the taking of 
 
 (c) See No. 13. 
 
 Fort 
 
ind 2000 
 in pre- 
 
 xpedition 
 nfelf: it 
 1 fuccefs. 
 for Fre- 
 whence 
 where it 
 e begin- 
 plete, in 
 r his in- 
 
 n which 
 avenues 
 ce them 
 h com- 
 ion,and 
 with all 
 le fame 
 ierating 
 iwares. 
 he laft 
 it Fre- 
 >erlancf 
 whole 
 )orious 
 ny a- 
 »d, in- 
 ing of 
 
 Fort 
 
 Mr. Braddock ferns not ,„ u 
 wanting at this time Z r^l '° >"« ■'<xji 
 the difficulties of hE u^de^?'!^*""^ ^" 
 "cfi appears in a letter to &= ^' ™=-''^- 
 fon on the 5th of fune wh ?"=" ^^"'°'''- 
 of die wan/of eealTn 'thr^' ^' ^°'"P'-ns 
 him, of the dangers hc-tl °'"^' '° ^-^nd 
 thecxpencehew^obt^ «l-^ed.to, ->cl 
 porting artillery and aS ;■ " '" tr^nf- 
 tries hitherto uni'SiaS*™.''''" «„„- 
 to the inhabi,a„r3,eSes' «, "">«" 
 
 ftJl at fort Cumberland X''/ '"^ '"''^ 
 letter. He fet out from th^!',,''^ ^te tliis 
 
 ^-ndria, in ordVV *',f '""> « Ale:.. 
 
 the commiffion which h?wf °" '^'' P-"t. 
 He «ent the beft ^^fT l"'"'!^'^ ^'^ 
 among the Mohawk fodl? "T"' "^'^I" 
 endeavours to animate Aem^n'' "V^^'ii^uii 
 
 '^^omittedthatcouldSSbT'''' ^'°*-'"? 
 °4ous: but neither cT^^'"'* ='PP=:!r 
 
 -ere attended with fctfcf "o^ f'-'^' 
 
 u^ceis whicn the En- 
 
 C<;&c original Pape„,K^^^^^ 
 
 gU(k 
 
( 38 ) 
 £li(h flattered tliemfelves with, ft was at- 
 T^"^ 'I "u". '° 2?=*-= *"= Anies belied,*: 
 
 rfor he^r^/"! "^^ P'°P"*y "°' of England 
 Ifor he dared not venture fo far) but tht l„ 
 
 Aans m .heir alliance. Thefe pSple tho'hf "" 
 
 poled to have, were not the dunes of thi« 
 fpeech : however. i„ return, th^Tkl ™ 
 
 rSt^fP""'"*^' butrefufedt^Sneto^ny 
 relolution, on pretence that this point muft }l 
 
 pre^ouHy canvaiTed in a generarSbW 
 Ae nauons On the other hand, the Cp^chl 
 
 fufficient evidence, that thefe people do nS 
 
 fc;:^d?C^^'T^^^^^^^ 
 
 lime orno difpofition at that time to enter int„ 
 » alliance with England, arebecom^ " 
 cilable enemies, fince thofe imprudent proda 
 mations by which the Englift comTndt; 
 appointed rewards for their lalps. """'""^ 
 
 tJ^fI% *i' W"^" negociation. Colo- 
 nel Johnfon had his tho.-ghts bent on the 
 foture attack of Crown-p<fnt. xt 1 of 
 May he wrote to the governors, from whom 
 
 M w' r "^'"' '■"PP'^^ °f ™» and artte^ 
 hi f^}^''^^, P™°f '" *'^ '«t^. on the om 
 hand, of a refolution having been takei^tXm" 
 
 (^; See original Papers, No. 15, 
 
 
ft was at- 
 )elieve that 
 ! of feveral 
 >f England 
 ut tlie Jn- 
 
 who have 
 orally fup- 
 ■s of this 
 lid a great 
 ine to any 
 t muft be- 
 rcmbly of 
 ' ipeechea 
 :hiefs are 
 ' do not 
 
 right to 
 reat each 
 betrayed 
 nter into 
 irrecon- 
 
 procla- 
 nandere 
 
 ) Colo- 
 on the 
 5th of 
 whom 
 rtillery. 
 the one 
 JbomT* 
 
 tions, in order th.t T^ ^™f i" °"' P^P"™- 
 I'y which f£ """* ^ "°' retaPded. 
 
 the.V futc^' !";"y '"'S^' be confirmed h 
 
 AcSor 1"^ ""'"^ "=^''y' °" Ae fide of 
 
 »*'•* iffuti the Td of M:!^""^*"" '^S^"' 
 governor Ltwrenci fj^' '" .*= "'me of 
 
 all and everTAe Inh '^^^ ™T"' ^"^"8 
 ten-itories S,„d A^^'^"'= °f *e Frencg 
 
 je% liad, l^lr'^.f h's Britannick Ma- 
 promife rf>« • '^^•^. ^"S^g^'l his formal 
 
 fmr^o;irs7dtmet"r,^^p^' 
 
 fon. Colonel Monckto^ "ie °6d, fnT'"!- 
 of June foUowing bomba dcd' „h , . '7,* 
 
 pomofBeaufeiouf andG^K "" 
 
 -h^^n'rheTonrh f°"" •? '^« P^'-d 
 courts It wn,X r''^ "^ bet,veeu both 
 
 or r ranee iiad earhcr inlbrma- 
 
 
 (/"; See original Papers, No. 
 
 i6. 
 
 tions 
 
« 
 
 K- ■ ^ 
 
 
 i 
 
 '► • I ■ », 
 
 pji 
 
 
 ■3K|h 
 
 /* •" 
 
 I^^kIk 
 
 *: 'f 
 
 .f :i: 1 
 
 (40; 
 
 tlons of Jiis Britannick Majefty's refolutions : 
 but at the very time that this plan of invafion,* 
 concerted before the year 1754, was carrym? 
 jnto execution in America, the Brjtiih miniftry 
 were bufy in their endeavours to amufe France, 
 by the means of negociations. War was carry- 
 ing on beyond the feas : while people in Eu- 
 rope were /olely taken up with a fyftem of 
 pacification, and proper methods to prevent a 
 rupture, on which England was already deter- 
 mined, 
 
 Thf Me view of England in this ncgocia- 
 tioix, of which Europe had notice, was to 
 gain the time neceflaiy tp cariy into execution 
 at once, all the parts of their prqjeft. And 
 indeed it will foon appear, that the more France 
 becaiBe tradable, the greater number of new 
 difficulties was raifed by his Britannick Ma- 
 jelly's minifters, in order to elude a concilia- 
 tion. "Tillfrom the letters of General Braddock, 
 the court of London having no further doubt 
 about the fuccefs, his Britannick Majcfty gave 
 exprds orders, for the carrying on openly a 
 war at fea, and attacking, without diftinc- 
 Uon, all the King's iliips. 
 
 That thefe were the views of the Britifli 
 court, will appear by a particular account of 
 the negociations in which the French mmi- 
 ftry were very ferioufly employed : and, in 
 which that of Great-Britain appeared to be 
 fo, during the firft fix months of 1755. 
 
 In the month of January of this year, his 
 Majelly bein^ delirpus to prevent the confe- 
 
 quences 
 
 ■ '.'•* 
 
Ohio, the caut ^ttet'h"'' "'u*^" 
 fcen, could have been kM r'>? ^bove 
 the latter only, had ^^i'° ^I'^arge of 
 
 London by tli'haSlS Sufce 2Im° "" ^'^ 
 
 « memorialcoincidine wiA Arf, 1 f Mirepouc 
 
 In ihk «^.~ • f . *'* "ntentions. 
 
 mination into &u^i I!?' • "' ^^^^ ^^- 
 . this quarrel nofi,,^ 7 ^i"'''=""^««s of 
 the Jef^vrZl!'''''? few be fern to 
 ward £^XT'^i. '"'"'''''"? ''^"'^^fo'-- 
 and tha^thTftouK'"'"' °i- ^""^^ ^^' 
 efebM,, without d"avil!r ^'"^ *° ^^ 
 
 tori« fituated to4rfteTn£°o? ArAr- 
 on Ae fame fcotine that th^, ^ °'"°' 
 
 tohavebeen,o„itLSe":::'w:r°"^'' 
 
 that in order™ relv n '""^"^""^'i ""d 
 Britannick M JZ'CialT'hf fi^^^^ 
 
 himfelf openl^.Z-rS ?^* '^.^''P'^" 
 and motivre ofVT/ '^ *° f"" deftnation 
 madeiS Irelarid """'"' ^^'* ^ad been 
 
 ^atta^. would ha^,^:"^^,'^;^ 
 
 « See original Papers No. j. 
 
 G 
 
 French 
 
 
FiCTch themfelv<s and the commiiTaries of 
 torn nanons, would have canvaffed in an ami- 
 cable manner, the titles and poffeffions of both 
 crowns. 
 
 fhf'n II^T '?,*'' memorial was delivered to 
 Ae Duke de Afcepoix the 2ad of January 
 1755 *• This anfwer is compofed of two 
 parte, and though the firil appears fomewhat 
 
 STA ^m ^' '^•^ ""«*«= from ^ny 
 to of double meamng; and ought to have 
 
 b^n fuffiaent to quiet the appreLnfions of 
 m^iUrir^aSr-^^'^-Sari'tothearma- 
 
 f.^{i^iK!^.i&e*S*' 
 
 2"^.^.^-^'^^ °" ^ '■^«= footing it w« 
 on, at die conclufion of the peace of ulecht 
 
 He mfifts hkewife on the fame regulation wife 
 regard to aU the other poffeffions of S 
 Amenca , and confents, after a compliant 
 TOth diefe prebminary conditions, to enter 
 into a negociation concerning die prooereft 
 
 "ffJ^of "ftruaingdie refpeftivegS^ 
 and forbiddmg them all new afts of violeC* 
 
 and that die pretentions on each fide may be' 
 
 fubmitted to be expeditiouay and finally dif- 
 
 cuffed, and amicably adju/ted. by the miners 
 
 or the reipedive courts. 
 
 * See originjl Papers, No. j. 
 
 a. His 
 
Ifarles of 
 I an ami- 
 s of both 
 
 ivered to 
 January 
 of two 
 imewhat 
 om any 
 to have 
 fions of 
 e arma- 
 
 thatthe 
 
 5rOhio, 
 
 git was 
 
 trecht ; 
 
 : treaty. 
 
 :n with 
 
 North 
 
 pliance 
 
 < enter 
 
 apereft 
 
 :rnotsj 
 
 lencej 
 
 lay be 
 
 lydif. 
 
 nifters 
 
 . His 
 
 fame time thw i^ 1 ^^"S^- ' ^"^ « *« 
 
 *ed in"^: fityrfcri!'^'' ji 
 
 / -ya ii.B «Cv*axauUII, it 
 
 \a 2 
 
 was 
 

 r 44 ; 
 
 was made appear, in a reply delivered to the 
 court of London the 6th of February, that 
 Ae meium propofed by his Majefty i^^ the 
 only expedient that could prevent 6me difa- 
 ^e^ble troubles. This iSethod was p,^^ 
 
 Z ^.f^^^ct*^ engagements conLfled 
 by the treaty of Aix la Chapelle j to the mea- 
 
 manded by England ifelf, in 1750 and 17c,. 
 And indeed wliereas d,e objcd of the rom- 
 miffion agreed to by the court of London, was 
 todetermine Ae fenfe of the arUclesXIi: and 
 
 of thefe articles, could not be confidered as the 
 ^^'.°f Aenegoaation. That were making a 
 principle of conduft, and a certain rule of L 
 
 :s;^Cet'"'^'"''™'"^'^'°*-^='^- 
 
 ■ n-Vif. ^T^°n P''°P<*d ''V his Majefty : 
 
 to the refpeaive governors, to forbear all als 
 of violence and every new enterprize. 
 
 2. That matters fhould be reitored to the 
 fame ftate ,n which they were, or ought to 
 have been in, before the late war. allovlr 
 North Anienca; agreeable to the elev«S 
 article of the treaty of Aix la Chapelle 
 
 „f ll ^'"' ^S""^**'' «o «he eighteenth article 
 of the fame treaty, his Briunnick maX 
 M aoprize the commiffaries. fittinf^ 
 Pans, of his pretenfions 5 and the foundafions 
 on which they were built. """"a^ons 
 
 Ths 
 
 n 
 
ed tothe 
 ary, that 
 ' was the 
 me difa- 
 s proved 
 Dntrafted 
 he mea- 
 erms de- 
 id 1751. 
 iie com- 
 ion, was 
 K.II. and 
 xecution 
 edasthfe 
 laking a 
 leofthe 
 deciiion 
 
 'lajefty : 
 h kings 
 alladts 
 
 i to the 
 •ught to 
 ill over 
 leventJi 
 
 e. 
 
 I article 
 tnajefty 
 ting at 
 dations 
 
 Tu€li 
 
 that JL^ofe^ir&iJr """'tabled, 
 given publirL nofe of ^airr '"'' '"^^ 
 
 convention ; and thS?!^ °L^P''t"""»'y 
 ft.pulat.ons were, that bith Weil aIm 
 
 ^nd Englift Aould. ^.^Ll ^1^:^, 
 the country fito,e between the OhTand ^i 
 
 q lenting which Ihould not be aUow^w/ T 
 
 * See original Papers, No. 4. 
 
 or 
 
r46; 
 
 •r ought to have been on, fince the treaty of 
 Utrecht i and that all the forts, on both fides. 
 bu.lt fince diat epoch, on the territories in 
 difpute Ihould be demolifted. 
 
 that they (hould caufe all the points in difput^ 
 to becanvafled, and amicably fettled, by the 
 commiflanes appointed for that purpofe, with- 
 in the fpace ot two years. 
 
 This was acquiefcing, as we plainly fee, in 
 the propofal made by the court'^of London 
 m .ts memorial of the 2ad of Januaty, "T;. 
 
 Ae IT" °^Ir"^^ "^S'^'=«<^ ^""° -wich 
 mfnT K°5^''^""' "' '^^ king of England's 
 mmftershad very recently, gi^n affifrances 
 
 n tuf" ''^^'f Pr. ">=" the armaments 
 in Ireland, and the fleet which had failed 
 
 SKSr""'S°°''°'''"^-"Sthe 
 
 'Ihofefame minifters who dreaded nothing 
 fo mucli as an accommodation ; and who wtrl 
 
 and all the Engliih commanders were on thei; 
 
 inarch, were to the laft degree furprized at fee- 
 
 ng France, thus fubmitting, in Ibme fort, to 
 
 Aeir demands. They therefore refolved to al- 
 
 J u P , ' *^y ^""^ themfelves propofed • 
 and the 7th of March there was deli^ by' 
 dieir d.rea,on, to the Duke de Mirepok, an- 
 other projed of convention, which tL ^ever 
 would have thought ofj but that they were 
 
 very 
 
 verv 
 
 it J. 
 
 h 
 
 thet 
 
 fort] 
 
 this 
 
 the I 
 
 cond 
 
 ated 1 
 
 theO 
 
 betwc 
 
 or of J 
 
 ftroye 
 
 and fc 
 
 be alj 
 
 Erie a 
 
 but (b. 
 
 crown 
 
 thereoi 
 
 deiiniti 
 
 not on] 
 
 fula, fit 
 
 wife, o. 
 
 fouth tc 
 
 runs fn 
 
 ofSt.L 
 
 foutherr 
 
 be decla 
 
 ihould r 
 
( ^^7 ) 
 ^2 fenfibk it was impomble to agree to 
 
 Jt was to be ftipulated in this convention, that 
 the t«,o powers Ihould agree to difpatch orders 
 for the celTation of all arts of violence but 
 
 ,h'%""" 11 ? •"'"=?'»« «i" fuch "me as 
 the French had fubmitted to the follwin^ 
 condmons. ,. That not only the forts Z^ 
 
 ^ nu^T ''•' ^P^'^cW"" raounuL and' 
 
 &° 'the" of' "" *e/"''^™-ts fi::;,^. 
 
 Mtween the Ohio and the river Ouabarhe 
 
 wd •'T Th^t°;^' 'z '""°'**^'' »"i '- 
 
 iiroyea. 2. That the forts on the Niarara 
 and fort Frederick on lake ChampWn. Sd 
 be alfo raied; and that the lates Ontario 
 
 cut Ihould be open to the fubjeds of hrih 
 crowns equally.wL might carry in het l^ad^ 
 Aereon. without being molefted. , Tha't 
 definitive ceffion Ihould be made to England 
 not only of the part in difpute, of the ftn?„ 
 
 wne ot the fpace of twenty Jeaeues from 
 fouth to north, in all that extent of cSX 
 runs from the Pentagoet river to the ffl 
 of St. Laurence. 4. And Laftly, That all hi 
 tohernbankofth^eriverSt.Lau'^e^^^^^^^ 
 be declared to be the property of neither Tn^ 
 Should remain uninhabited. ^ '' '"^ 
 
 ^ See original Papers, No. 5. 
 
 On 
 
(48 ) 
 
 On Aefe terms, his Britannicfc majefty was 
 graoouflypleafed. to entruft the commiLie. 
 of beth nations, with the decifion of the fur- 
 plus of his pretenfions. 
 
 Thus did the court ef London render the 
 
 as many difflcu tKs as the principal negocia- 
 
 Fral, ""? '^1 '1 *'?«' ^°' = 'he court of 
 luT '^T"^.t*^' *« ''"dency of propo- 
 fals fo widely different from the firft. was to 
 retard the conclufion of a preliminary co~ 
 
 beginning, previous to any thing elfe. with 
 .fluing orde;. refpefttively. "top Jent anyT 
 tureenterpnfe oraa of violent. Iteven pro- 
 pofed Aat both courts <houId communicate to 
 each other mutually the orders which they fent 
 f' Vr.*','' «> 'q^itoble pnpofal, ana" 
 
 nH'.^^^^ "'S^^^' ^^' de'iver^dto Z 
 Duke de Mirepoix the 5th of April ,7^ T 
 
 Ae Fojca ot convention on which the iourt 
 of London mfiited. It was no hard ta/k to 
 prove that the preliminary convention required 
 bytngland, begun by giving abfolutely alainft 
 
 ^wu^^u"^-'^'"" '" <'«''^'«' ^«h regard to 
 which his Britannick Majefty had engafed hi° 
 formal prom.fe. that he would abide by fhe de- 
 terniination of the commiffaries. By this proiedl 
 the French rauft have parted irretrievably JiS 
 
 • S« ""'i'nal P»J>ers. No. 6, / N«. j, 
 
 the 
 
ajcfty was 
 nmiflarics 
 f the fur- 
 
 endcr the 
 fubjcdl to 
 ncgocia- 
 court of 
 >f propo- 
 t, was to 
 ' conven- 
 :ceflity of 
 Ife, with 
 t any fu- 
 ven pro- 
 nicate to 
 they fent 
 , an an* 
 ^d to the 
 
 755/' 
 impugn 
 ^e court 
 tafk to 
 Squired 
 ' againft 
 ■gard to 
 ged his 
 the de- 
 proje<a 
 lywith 
 
 the 
 
 denril^H .k'^t.^'"'^', ^^ '^'' '''''' ^t. John, 
 depr ved the Kingof the property of tJie three 
 
 a part of New France : and the nvcr St. 
 i^aurence which is the center of Canada, 
 became the hmits of that colony. The e 
 points were all dircufTed in a letter of the 13 th 
 of April 1755 * by which the French mi- 
 niftei-niformed the Duke de Mirepoix of hi. 
 maicltys intentions, and his anfwer to the 
 
 fortof a reply to thisiettciX'yS^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 then no account c. 'U. l,ft dii^ofition m de 
 in America i and in England/ they had no 
 certainty that all thefe of^rations which we c 
 carefully concealed, could be carried at the 
 ^e um. into execution. It became there! 
 
 tthatin^l;^'"' '"l^^- ^^^^^fore'we iee 
 t that in thib reply the court of England com- 
 plains of tJie narrow bounds which the French 
 
 eTn Jh r'l'^^\^" '^'^' refledioL : it t 
 even added, that this court is ready and wi ! 
 
 inV^ T''- "^'^ ^" examination of alUhe 
 iuch examination it may poffibly be found out 
 
 * Sec origltiaJ Papers, No. 8. 
 
 H 
 
 . +" N, 
 
 o. 9. 
 
 in 
 
difpofition we7e S k; th'^ nT!f °/ *'' 
 Poix to thp Rr;rin! • ^™ ^"''« ^^ Mire- 
 17?? and ,^ , '"*"''^>' *« 6th of May 
 
 has delivered to Sr^-?." ^"''^ "^^MiVepoix 
 vation of peace hnf oir [ . ^ ^"^ P^^^er- 
 
 - the far;\h'if i4»t°"' 
 
 always, and i«; a\u • ^ngiand wat 
 
 without a^y deL^L:";. '"^"''5 «««="-ng 
 
 The procedure of thl.; . Tr"" '" '°"'«'f- 
 this negociarion Ll^ h! "r°^ ^°"'^°'' '" "" 
 full of fo JSencJl-'&r "^ ""*'' '"'' *"" 
 
 thi7me™S'°evS%"nf''°'*''''-°f 
 with thofe of GSlBrL'"t."?'"P^" •' 
 
 Which mention JhLbL„°5'''' .''"^'•^' °f 
 flas been made above, and 
 
 "■ S« origuMl P,pe„, No. lo. j No. i.. 
 
 endeavour 
 
giving fuch conLti'r^^ "'"f ^" ^^^ 
 affurances to hk «,,.;-«■'. ^"^ repeated 
 refolution of a Sr^l'"'"''''^^''"^- The 
 publick all ovt T i '^San to become 
 tional circumZ u "i "^'^ *'» addi- 
 
 tuck the French^ v^/r'v'''"' "'^'^ «° «- 
 them. ThT telenf . "''"''"'" ''"^ f<">"d 
 France were no'^^^r ^^""achments of 
 tive of thl war ? J .T""""""'' « *« mo- 
 
 raerce, and purit out of K ^ ''^'' ™"- 
 eftabliih her marine ' P""^"' '° '^- 
 
 repeatedlyTof thdr nl t """"^^'^ S^"' ^'"^ 
 conftantly reLateXrh- ' '",!'"?°"^- They 
 to give crXtn „ Ir™' *at he ought not 
 
 Thffe Vmtti^Pf ^: "''r " "'"■""Se- 
 this ; the Duke T M- ^- "'l' co"tent with 
 
 a. th'e latteVenl of fe'^'lV^T, '"^ -% 
 
 giverhim?L;l d^ SI"''^'? T« 
 the Englilh wou^Id norbegir4/"''^'y *'' 
 
 " 2 'Til 
 
( 52 ) 
 JTis not to be wondered that France rely- 
 1^ u u ""f^y appearances of good faith 
 Aould have thought it incumbent on heTto 
 go on With the negociation. The EnSiA 
 mimfters never ventured on one propoiltio„ 
 wuhout g^ undcri^SZt:; 
 
 ^ad itill fomething in referve. The Du^ 
 
 Maf 7r ^"f ^"^ ^^^^^-> '^^ -^h of 
 May, a memorial much more extenfive than 
 the forjner ones *, and in which were Med 
 
 to the articles of the preliminary convention 
 
 h^n alf '^ "'^^'^^^^ had'noTSa 
 been abfe to come to an agreement. 
 
 The EngJifli miniftiy having made him 
 
 Zt iTr^ rf' theionTh of Ma^ 
 
 and the firft days of June, they returned an 
 
 ^nfwer the 7th, and whoever obfemsth^ 
 
 ^ was on the 8th of this month AdmM 
 
 Bo^awen gave the fignal of an open rupTi^e. 
 
 will be convinced, that this delay was n^t of 
 
 the court of London's plan of meC Chif 
 
 anAver whKh ,3s poftponed with fo mS . 
 
 livill, the miniftry of London renew the verv 
 
 groundsof all their pretenfionsonlmerica^tT 
 ^^ reminded of the right derived t? he EiJ! 
 
 hih from their empire over the Iroquois tfe 
 pretended fale made by thefe to theSi^^' 
 ^nihort. It contains all thofe queftions on d^e 
 
 t See original Papers, No. 12. 
 
 fubje<^ 
 
 ^bjc(^( 
 
 been ref 
 
 tions. ' 
 
 tion was 
 
 rile only 
 
 enable tl 
 
 cable ma 
 
 of the qi 
 
 concernc 
 
 gaining * 
 
 that pel 
 
 come pu 
 
 The I 
 
 London c 
 
 the Alcid 
 
 of Newf 
 
 whole wo 
 
 time as h 
 
 into the ' 
 
 had come 
 
 thing cou 
 
 jefty's ami 
 
 news, it r 
 
 inlinuation 
 
 afcribing f 
 
 nay, the j 
 
 fuade him 
 
 the thread 
 
 would hav 
 
 Britilh min 
 
 elating till i 
 
 account of 1 
 
( 53 ) 
 fiibjC(aofAcadia,<Jie<iecifion of which had 
 been referred to the commifo ies of both na^ 
 tions. The objedt of a .preliminary conven- 
 bcm was now laid afKl^. though p^opofed as 
 the only method to prevent hoftilitics, and to 
 enable the two -rowiis to negociatc in an ami* 
 cabk manner 1 h« brought the very ground? 
 of th€ quarrel on the carpet, but it Me then 
 coiu^rncd England, which aimed only at 
 gaming t.-ic, which was now drawing near' 
 that pel ., ., in which herenterprifes m5l be- 
 come puWk. 
 
 The 15th of July news was received at 
 London of the taking of two French vdTcls, 
 the Abide and the Lys, attadked on the banks' 
 
 5hn^ T^^"^ „^y ^^"^"^^ Bofcawen. 
 whofe words were all wo««s of peace till fuch 
 time as his artillery was in a fitua^ion to fire 
 into the very fhim, point blank, or till he 
 had come within half a cannon fliot. If anv 
 thing could exceed the furprife of his ma- 
 jelty s ambaffador in London at diis piece of 
 news, itmuft have been occafioned^ by the 
 infinuation of one of the Englifh miniflers in 
 afcribing fuch evident hoftilities to a miftake • 
 nay the fecretary of IJate would fain perl 
 fuade hini that this event ought not to break 
 the thread of the negociation. No doubt but it 
 wouM have been more advantageous to the 
 Britifhminiftry, had France gon^e on nego- 
 ciating till fuch time as they received a certln 
 account of the execution of «-K • - 
 
 
 m- 
 
invafion, the fuccei l^ u- . 
 
 was looked ont illUble """^ "' *« ^"^ 
 
 too much precioitaHnn ."^.raxed with 
 
 by Ae court^oTCt "iri^n W"*^"-^^ 
 nal. to which we have nn» " *^ '"*'"°- 
 
 CompofedfolelyT?fir ^'''" " "-^P'/' 
 
 *°° Publick L L,° ^"''™'' ^"^ been of 
 it Xo„ oflfj"°^"°"? " najuretoneed 
 y^ have hU^yendf; V<^t which 
 operations and £ ll^*, °^ ** myitan, 
 
 Idea, not only of ^ ca^efnf ^^'^ * >« 
 but likewife of thTvSTbf 1' k Pi."^- 
 powers were condu&d'^ "'^* '^* 
 
 .be/feeJ^^tg^/ttl-'^^''^- 
 judgment. ^ ^S^and, let Europe give 
 
 £^^^ of the Memoriah 
 
that time 
 
 lis narra- 
 dor s de- 
 ted with 
 pretended 
 e memo- 
 a rtply^ 
 
 rture, as 
 been of 
 to need 
 t which 
 miiitaiy 
 ions of 
 r a- juft 
 upture, 
 ^ both 
 
 ch can 
 e give 
 
Bi 
 
 01 
 
 lenc) 
 
 mom 
 
 tian ] 
 
 Engl 
 
 ihoul 
 
 thef( 
 
 tions, 
 
 the fa 
 
 Th 
 
 chrifti 
 
 fettien 
 
 the pr 
 
 iiable 
 
( S7) 
 
 NUMBER I. 
 
 EXTRACT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Britifli Court's Memorial, 
 
 lency Z 1^7^^."?"^' ''" ^' "«'" 
 month, by the fc„, n ! *?* ^th of laft 
 
 tjons, wCh%~^^*«^ -ernl obfe,.va- 
 «he faid inemorial ^ "^'^^ '" ^ made, on 
 
 chSfarteisT' '"f ^^'^ "- -oft 
 
 fettiement oTlca^I '" "^P^^"^*'°". viz. the 
 
 the projea afcrfbedt*M; ^° V"^"'''* ' ""'' 
 
 liable L the„,|il!''5'-^''!'.'^*-'>'-etolittio 
 
 '^"' "''" ,'" ^ny ol),fCt;oii on the 
 
 part 
 
(i8) 
 
 ITa°1 ""yP''^^'- whatfoever, that I't will be 
 no diflicult matter to efface the ill iitiprefllons 
 which the court of Franr,. .„; i,. i"™™'* 
 ceiwfA fr„™ »i; r 1/ ^""<=e might have con- 
 ceded from the falfe reports that poffibly have 
 
 beojluggeftedtoitonthathead ' 
 
 ticeriv?„",lK'"^'"'1''""«hthavewithjuf- 
 
 a well grounded apprehenfion of the kin<»'s 
 having given orders for extending Ae e2 
 ments „, New Scotland, beyond what hi ma 
 
 &:;:^'i:?^cS'^''^'-^'^*-'^--f 
 
 chr^an king, has confented to refe^ to t^ 
 commiflaries the fettling ^,u ,■ ■ '"^ 
 
 Scotland, accordi^^K *fj;"?f 1^^^ 
 as well as thp i;m,v? r ^"^'^nt boundaries; 
 
 to .he fev ra, S a'nd "'"" °'P*'^°" 
 which the two n^H. 1- '""'"^'^'' "bout 
 
 moreover isTto b. f ^rT.^"y **«« = 
 
 make fet'^le^e.us.'ltrtl S^f"" 
 tended with fo m. JI neceffarily at- 
 
 The fieur Durand has alfo taken SV 
 
 figned 
 
%ned by Mr. Dobbs • as If f.„ j- 
 crotch o„ the tmde ;Wch2 pt^. '° '"■ 
 on with the Indians of Nordi An !"''' "/'>' 
 .extend the Briti/h fetd„ ? fe ""' '° 
 
 moft chriftian .naielv H° ""^ "g'jB of his 
 
 to any particulnrSi^e^roT/''""*''. 
 the obiech- of ft,, r -j . ' " "ecount of 
 
 cientIyVt:n'i;''F^t^*"-^'^-gf"ffi- 
 
 lay open to th<» «,Li • ^°J^^^> ^^n to 
 trade/whi h hadI»'aZ?/" "^'"''- 
 by a company, that had fe": '"^'t'' 
 from a particular charter ff^^ P"vi!egc 
 fole view of «tenH; '^ '' ''"'' ''■''* the 
 thefeparts and in / '"^' '" ?^"'^"'' '" 
 to enlarge AepoffLn "^r." "'^' "" '"tenf 
 
 viLTbelrSed^/'^" -^- 
 
 why it Should aff:^:!:'^;;^ "°; r "^' 
 
 any pretence to ro,„n,? • ■? " °^ '^""ee 
 
 re^onlyrrdZfe-afi^" - '' 
 doms. viz. whedier a tnde carri^ ''" ''.'"S" 
 t.me, toHndfon'sBav ihouldb^ ™' " '?"« 
 be carried on --.I, *''.'"°"'a oe continued to 
 
 . ■ °-"^"'-^"«''«y. by a particular com- 
 
 * P^nyf 
 
( 6o ; 
 
 pany ? Or, whether it fhould be laid open to 
 all his majefty's fubjeds ? 
 
 The king, having therefore thus explained 
 His lentniKhts, is very ready to declare in 
 anfwer to the demands made by the court of 
 
 1. That effedlual orders have been already 
 given to make no attempt either on die fide 
 ?u^ ^^°^^^' °r ^«t of Hudfon's Bay, on 
 the poflefTions or trade of his moft chriftian 
 majefty s fubjeds, or that might be in any 
 ways derogatory to the definitive treaty of Aix 
 
 in.ii rurA-'"'" ? ^""y ^''°' engagements ac- 
 tually fubfifi:ing between both crowns. 
 
 2. That his majeftyconfents to appoint, out 
 oi hand, two commiflaries to confer in Paris 
 With diofe of his moft chriftian maiefty on the 
 fubjed of the refpeaive limits nowin difpute 
 between die t^vo crowns, as well thofe that 
 relate to Nova Scotia or Acadia, as thofe of 
 tlie otiier parts of the continent, where the 
 lettlements of both nations border on each 
 other i as well as to determine (agreeable to 
 tile propofal made in a former memorial) 
 which are die illands that are to belone to 
 neutraj'""^"' and thofe diat are to remain 
 
 His majefty, previous to his having given 
 orders for die making diofe fetdements in diat 
 part of Nova Scoda, to which, though un- 
 doubtedly belonging to his majefty, France 
 iias iaid claim, has agreed to refer hist 
 
 pfetenfipn^ 
 
laid open to 
 
 IS explained 
 
 declare in 
 
 Jie court of 
 
 ig given 
 ts in that 
 ugh un- 
 France 
 ;fer hisi 
 
 ltyii44Ql4$ 
 
 (6i ) 
 
 pretenfions to the decifion of commiiTarle*; as 
 a convincing proof of his defire to prefeive 
 
 Lr'k^fu" '""^ harmony fo happily \cefta- 
 Dlilhed between both crowns. 
 
 NUMBER II. 
 
 ^ letter from my Lord Albemarle to the Mar^ 
 ^^/i do Puyfieulx, containing complaints on 
 tbejending of a detachment by M. de la 
 Jonquiere in order to protea the inhabit 
 tants oj Chepoudi. 
 
 Paris, March 2$, ly^o, 
 
 IHave juft received a letter from die Duke • 
 of Bedford, with die King's orders di. 
 redting me to reprefent to your excellency the 
 iubjeds of complaint to which his nioft chrif- 
 tian majefly's governors in America have o-jven 
 occafion by incroaching on the King's tcrri, 
 tones m Nova Scotia. 'Tis widi great regret 
 his maiefty finds himfelf under the neceiTity 
 of making reprefentations againft any of his 
 moft chriftian majefty's fubje^s ; and the 
 more fo as he had flattered himfelf, tiiat after 
 thofe which I made by his orders in die monda 
 of September laft, and your excellency's 
 anfwer relative to the fetdement which M 
 de la Gahflbniere had undertaken to make at 
 the moudi of John's river, pofitive orders 
 had h^Qn f?nt to the French governors, not 
 
 only 
 
governor of NeT Scotf.'T S°^''"'=''lis his 
 complains, ,hat M. det , ' ^^ "'''^'' he 
 
 diftrifts that had LL Z " ""= of tlie 
 
 C^wallisonhta^rairr.'"-'?"^-"- 
 order to mak^ ^K "^^^ proy nee in 
 
 -eivethe"Ki4>r''V'™''°" '-< 
 » ftronger argument ^it ^f^^-'notbe 
 
 that authorife his 1 ? i'^"' "" '^e reafons 
 juffice which thfs new -f^ f ..^^'™"'' the 
 q"iere entitles himTo ^ °^ ^- ^= '^ >"- 
 known to his moft chrift,! ^ "^'l"'^ ^ut be 
 
 After the form.l , " "^Je%- 
 «? "" his govern" ' ^1? ^"'" ''/*e King 
 that all tlfefe diWes.rt to°r'"';?'"r"'"''M 
 ^■"•caWc manner and" > '''•'"'^'^'' '" -in 
 .--efully all ho^proced tl"?"','^ '" "^"'^ 
 '^-ur and rights o4::ii^;;;"4-^t^e 
 
 . * This is what M n^ 
 
 it 
 
^s of difputc, 
 ^^fer to avoid 
 aiion to new 
 
 "c-" fmct 
 i<^ that of 
 •^ccJ thofe 
 wer(f jiot 
 
 it 
 
 put taking any notice li^r. r ,"^' ^''^^^- 
 'nccntcilibJe r4t i' T'/ ^^^ King's 
 
 chnihan niircfty to H, /; . ""'"^ his moft 
 
 ^"«, to whom hasb^e r^V''?'.'°"^"^^^- 
 "^ent the decifion c^f th^ k!,^^''^^ ^y agree- 
 i^ave fettled therJghN .f k u' '" America, 
 defiftfromeverv^t^^^^^^ and to 
 
 . [^^ give the ]ea7inteZ^^^'\'"^*5^^f^nd 
 
 The King is periuade^ v . ^^ 'Nations. 
 
 altercations of this natu^ ^'^ ?'J^ ^"^^" 
 prevented, may be attSw ^^1^"'^°"^% 
 quences. "^ attended with bad confe- 
 
 ■^ am, &c. 
 
 %ned, Albemarle. 
 
 
 ?^- 
 
i 
 
 I 
 
 %' 
 
 I! 
 I 
 
 ( ^4) 
 
 The Martjiuis de Puyfieulx's anfwer to the 
 Jorcgoing letter. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 yerfailles, March 31, 1750. 
 
 I Received the letter your excellency did me 
 the honour to write me the 25th, con- 
 taining the complaints of your court concem- 
 Wg the ilep taken ly the Marquis de la 
 ionquiere, governor of New France, in hav- 
 mg fcnt a detachment of troops to Chipoudi i 
 as ^eComte de la GalilToniere, his predeceffor. 
 iiad done heretofore to the river of St. John. 
 . The Britifh court might have feen the rea- 
 fons which authorifed the condud of both 
 tiieie governors, in a memorial given in, in the 
 month of June laft, wherein the river St. 
 John and Chipoudi have been demonftrated to 
 De on the continent of Canada. 
 
 As to the fubmiffions which might have 
 been made, previous to the arrival of this 
 detachment from Canada, to the Englifh-so- ' 
 vernor of Acadia, by fome of the inhabitants 
 ot Chipoudi intimidated by the menaces of 
 tills governor, no right could from thence be 
 derived to Great Britain, nor could they hinder 
 
 fetded on French ground. They would only 
 tend to prove that if diere has been zZ 
 difcuffion on this frontier, it muft have been 
 
 occa- 
 
ZfZi^y ^°"'' ~'°"' on the part of 
 the Englift governors. And tfie ha T if 
 
 Si.toi'? T "' *^ 'i™'^ "^^ fettled. 
 Tufa de k r "^"^ ^y commiflaries. The marl 
 qms de la Jonquiere, could not have receivpH 
 
 him. ^t; t^7J°f,r ^'' ^"^ '^"' 
 th^roZ "f .""^f «nd of this winter; which 
 they are not ignorant of in England. 
 
 AetSfc^ "^'Ailou/t only to make 
 «n k r r^ "^ commiffaries thus entering 
 
 Ae W ?r ^'"'"''''«' '" °^'l^^ '« 'he S? ■ 
 
 * AmeSa *A7at''""; "' *•= '^^ "-» 
 America. And I am direcited by the king, 
 
 menaces, and are an inftnnl f ^"S^'^i governor's 
 How came the Ent"ift ,, "? °f " ^'^'^'L"' encroachment. 
 Utrecht, of matnivi '? ''''"'"' ^'"^^ '^e treaty of 
 acknowledge? n 2s coun"rvr''«' ^'1^ ^overnm^ent 
 
 'nhabitants^avinc r^ade ?ul 0- """- ''""' ''^*"^ 
 well attefted. Kjl' ^"^i"'^^^"^. «' t"?^^ "'"e, is not 
 
 of the inhabitants ^eiT 5 "?,'"' ?' ^reateft part 
 the marquis de la Ton f'^^'^!'^'/" ^r proteaion to 
 
 ceedings? '' ^"qu'ere, againlt the.'e violent pro- 
 
 K 
 
 to 
 
(66) 
 
 to renew his follicitations for that purpofe, With 
 the king^f Great Britain; his majcfty infifts 
 on this affair, with the more eagernefs, as the 
 end of their meeting is to keep up Jie good un^ 
 derftandmg, fo happily re-eftablifh^d between 
 tile tvv.0 crowns, and dieir fubjeds : ard, that 
 the king has nothing more at heart, than 
 tiie^ maintaining, and fetding it on a firm 
 
 I am, &c; 
 
 i 
 
 Signed PuYsiEuLx. 
 * N U M B E R III, 
 
 Memorial M'vered on the kin^\ parf 
 to my /.r^/ Albemarle, thesthofuZZ* 
 1751. andfent the fame day to the duke de 
 Mirepoix /« England ; containing complaints 
 made fy}^rancG, againji the hojiilities .om- 
 mttedy and avowed by the Engliih. 
 
 FOR feveral mondis paft, the public 
 , papers have proclaimed feveral ads of 
 violence coinmitted by the Englifli on the 
 French veflels; bodi in die gulph of St 
 ^aurence, and on die coafts of New France. 
 JBut djefe accounts appeared to be fo contrary 
 to the law of nations, and the amicable difpo- 
 fitions, of which die Bridfh court has given 
 fo many inftances fmce the peace 5 diat diey 
 
 met 
 
JYSIEUIX. 
 
 ( 67 ) 
 
 met with no fort of credit An A 
 
 J>°'. but be furprifed toAe M V' '°"''' 
 having received i.,ft „ • • * °«g^ee, on 
 
 from Can?r Jd Cnn"'^'"*''"'''?"^ ^T '"^rs 
 
 gulph ofl L °,;^4 Y "PP- end of the 
 fJ| ?he FrencrST'^'^^Tef mt "t^ 
 
 thither by the iWnl?! ; /.''"' ^""^ "^^^ fent 
 
 vifions foi^tt htltf o'^S- ^* P- 
 in thofc Dart. R,,. ■ . "^ '''"S « troops 
 
 their «,£ ;he EnJ?°/L ''^'"S.* to attain 
 
 Wof3;eff^el"a^?Ptt^:t' "^ 
 tine, who have been fent K??^. ^^^ ^"S""' 
 
 without defcendin^ governor of Acadia. But 
 
 thei.n.g„,tSfnn,Teta!'of-7'° 
 P"tm praaice bythe En" tnf^°^.™'<="^^ 
 
 Englifh fnows armed ^^T- r ^;''"' ^^^ *wo 
 bee? fent by^T^'nd J^^'^;"' f--! 
 
 -'LteS,tf • ^--"wiCX - 
 « the fame time^T'^t^P'"" '=>"''. 
 goods and pro^;,!, ° 'S t .""""'""ion. 
 
 to fend annLl V a" '~!*^'' *%'""? '= -°"' 
 
 K 
 
 a French 
 
fe-« 
 
 f 68 ; 
 
 a French mifTion It was on its return from 
 Cheda.c, where fhe had unloaded, that this 
 veliel was flopped towards the end of Au?uft 
 between the coaft of Canada and Cape Bvel 
 ton. It was afterwards carried into Chebuc- 
 to, where it was confifcated. 
 
 The fecond is likewife the taking of a 
 French brigantine by a frigate beloniing to 
 the King of Great Britain. The circumftfnce 
 of which wiU undoubtedly appear to his Bri- 
 tannic majefty, of much a more aggravating 
 nature than that of the firft. ^The Maraud 
 de la Jonquiere having had intimations of the 
 condua ot the Engiifh vefTels, of which he 
 had made feveral complaints to M. Cornwallis, 
 and being aefirous to fend the neceiTaiy fupplieJ 
 to the detachments of troops on John's river, 
 refolved, m the „iontt. of September laft 
 to arm at (Rebeck the brigantine, the St! 
 Francis ,n order to convoy a floop, on board 
 which the mtendant had caufed thefe fuccours 
 to be fhippcd. He conferred on the fieur de 
 Vergor, a captain in the troops, the command 
 
 cLt' ^''Sf^^'*/^^''^^^ carried ten fmall 
 cannons, and whofe crew confifted of fixtv 
 men, including thirty foldiers. The inftruc» 
 tions which he gave to captain Vergor con- 
 
 attempt againft the Engiifh fhips which he 
 
 ^^Itrt ' '"^f ''^' ^' ^^"^'^ ^^^^ with 
 any that attempted to oppofe his pafTage, he 
 
 was charged by the governor not to fireft her 
 
 till 
 
(69 ) 
 
 and t.ll he had given him notice that he com 
 S': a^^t' '*"Sing to the Wng rf 
 
 other til? K-^^""' *^ hrigantine and Ae 
 other veffel being at two eagues weft of thl 
 
 de'vt t l'''' "P'^'" ^^'■2°^ <liW:d *a 
 eleven m the morning, an Englifh friMte 
 
 him in an inftant right before the wind and 
 
 Ae fttn^f L h*? " '^""™ ^"h hall into 
 flaV r,5- v''"^'"';"^. 3"d hoifted her 
 b^l h!c ftP ^^T' hoMed immediately 
 
 Am ffll^T- ' "2^ "'S- '"'^ g»™ them a 
 that, ftil purfuing his way. The ffigate alfo 
 
 capSn VeL"^^t ^"" *™"Sh the fail of 
 
 5"h^irfof°»::s„trfS 
 
 to die orders he had received from the Su^ 
 
 fnFriTStlirsTafarrr?^ 
 
 and ammunition for the ufe of his maieftv'<: 
 
 . onng ii;^ yr ^q 
 
 would 
 
( 70 ) 
 
 would fink him. Captain Ve/gor had the 
 fame thing repeated to him in E...r!ilh j but 
 tHe only anfwer wd': a whole volly of hi& 
 cannon and ;mall ar;n.. The fight l4ed fivs 
 hours bat the briganline was ia much da- 
 maged in her niaft, which was cut, and !>) her 
 la.as und rigging, dint captain Vergor was obli- 
 ged to furrender himfelf ; after having feveral 
 ol . v.;s men blled or wounded. The long-boatf 
 ^^ving been alfo difkbled, the Eugli/h captain 
 '*-'^^t his Doat in order to fetch him oh board • 
 h! S? ''Ti'?" ^^'Sor difcoverecl ^his frigate to 
 be die Albany, carrying fourteen pieces of 
 cannon, twenty-eight fwivcl^, and a hundred 
 and twenty men, commanded by captain 
 Rous^ This captain ordered alfo on board 
 
 to the brigantme, where he left none but dil 
 
 rb^^ ' '"u^ i""'^" ^^ ^^^ °f ^^s way for 
 Chibudo With the brigantine in tow. It was 
 but the ,9th of die tame month that they 
 arrived at Chibudo. The next day the po- 
 
 vergor, who was immediately conduced to 
 the governor's houfe, where he was locked up 
 m a chamber. In half an hour after M, 
 Cornwallis came to him, and had the chamber 
 agamlockc^. Heat firft told hh,, he was 
 veryforry for what had happen..-J\ nd that 
 
 ^-RoushadIofta£S.:..ny^^r 
 men iptamVc-goranfWe, :, .nat he was 
 alfo very fony for what had pJI.d, and diat 
 
 it 
 
It ought to be imputed only to captain Rous 
 of wJiofc condua he informed him m' 
 Cornwallis replied, that if things had n.(^ 
 in the manner he faid Aey did f aoSfn'^ 
 was in the fault, and that he wXcir 
 
 matter. The council was aftuallv call^^ 
 c?ptmn Rous, his lieutenant, and W 'f 
 his crew, were brought before the coundl f 
 
 Ae'l /'''•"!J ^fSor ^as likewifrSed 
 the laft recited the faults in the manner th, 
 w?re already fpecified. Captain7ous cf^^ 
 not deny but that he had begin foftbv S 
 a cannon ball at the brigl^tine'slX^! 
 oraerea mto the council chamber the offir,,? 
 Wongmg to the brigantine, who had been 
 Prevw)ufly brought into a room contiguous to 
 It, they were fummoned to tell wh^ .v 
 
 Aatfiredthefirftftot? ThJalfXrlr 
 tha it w^ captain Rous, who had fireTi'v! 
 
 volhes. Captain Vergor's declaration was then 
 
 read to them, and they all certified it to be Sie 
 
 in all Its circumftances. NotwithftandW the 
 
 council came to no refolution, either in to 
 
 or in five or fix odier fittings, whc^,^!' 
 
 t^ f^™^*- B"t in two or tee Z! 
 
 after the firft. M. Cornwallis a&ed c'ptS^ 
 
 Vergor what fcould be wanting to refifdie 
 
 cou d nn/^ • f Fefoued to him, d(at he 
 could not do without a great mail, and four 
 
 pieces 
 
51 
 
 I if 
 
 f( 72 ) 
 
 pieces of cordage. The governor promifed 
 him everything, and had adlually a maft cut, 
 which was brought from the woods b> the 
 bngantine's crew, and bid captain Vergor to 
 b^in the mending of his fails, ihrouds, and 
 other things necelTary. This captain was 
 going to take his meafures in confequence, 
 when behold! captain Rous appeals to the 
 admiralty, where the brigantine is condemned 
 as a lawful prize. In a letter which M. Corn- 
 wallis has wrote to M. Delherbiers, com- 
 mandant of Cape Breton, when he returned 
 him captain Vergor, and the erew belonging 
 to the brigantine, widi the arms of the foldiers 
 who were part of it, he tells him, the admi- 
 ralty had pronounced this fentcnce of coniif- 
 cation for having carried on an unlawful trade 
 m his Britannic majefty's province! Thefe are 
 the words he makes ufe of. 
 
 We are^ of opinion, all difcuffions on a 
 queftion of this kind, may be difpenfed with. 
 Here is an armed veffel, on the king's fer- 
 vice, commanded by an officer of his majef- 
 ty s, attacked and fought, as in a time of 
 open war. We have too good an opinion of the 
 upnghtnefs of his Britannic majefty's inten- 
 tions to afcribe, to any order of his, an enter- 
 prile, fo direaiy oppofite to all laws. And 
 we make no doubt, but, upon being informed 
 of the facts, the greateft reliance may be had 
 on his equity ; not only with refpcd: to die 
 jultice, and fatisfaaion due for the faid cap- 
 tures 
 
'^ateJ from Ch2^^/f *.^'f'»"y. 
 Scotia, Vob^jtt^jf": '" Nova 
 
 coming o°I"^;^^^"S='«''''= ^"^ ^ Schooner 
 the colft ftZ. • P^'. ^'~"' '^''O miles fm,n 
 
 on this co^rif * Pr'"f''"g»"'ine being- 
 
 - order'^;^' ^Thr '^^^ 'V^^^^ 
 perceived us than A- j 7 "° '°o"«r 
 fchooner which w,,t^ '""'' '' ''S"^' ^ the 
 in confequlnce T, '"/°/"P^"y. ^d which 
 
 a random ftot |e r"* ^**'"n '^''*''"« "^ 
 
 himlilf ,|,ej„„,„,i^'' -'"• ''= <:aiinot help confoffing 
 
 'i'h*h:Jva*S^;std"/ "^ ""J' •"■! -^'"^"'"^ "■« *= En.. 
 by fc. ^ ' "«l«'0URd to glofa ovrer fheir hoit ■:■, °s 
 
 t -^ 
 
( 74 ; 
 
 brigantlne fet up French colours Immediately 
 andanfvvered with a cannon fhot) the fchooner 
 did the fame w^tht u. p.^cting up a Aug. Be- 
 ing come witliin cannon fliot, I lired another 
 cannon before her ftern ; upon which they 
 anfwered ftill with anodier ihot, lowered 
 their main fail, and furled it, in order to 
 make room for their fmall arms and make 
 ready for an engagement Being come near 
 enough to them I hailed them, but they 
 made no anfwer : I then gave orders for the 
 firing a fix pounder, and went on hailing ; 
 while this was doing, being come WKiy clofe 
 to her, the brlgantine turned to our ftar- 
 board, and tacking a little to the fouth in 
 order to prefent us her larboard, fhe fent us 
 all her volly of cannon and fmiU armsj while 
 we continued hailing without receiving any 
 anfwer. 1 immec^'ately returned the compli- 
 mr-t, and they ontinue.l the fight durinor 
 two iiours and a half j after which fome body 
 cried out to us in Englifli that they would fire 
 no kiigcr. I ordf ed them tiiercfcre to come 
 to, and I fent on board the lieutu.ant, who 
 returned widi the retain of the bri^rantiue 
 and his papei by vhich I found that diis 
 mip v^as a Frc .h !-igantine, called the St. 
 rrancis, of aluut an hundred and twenty 
 tons, carrying ten guns and four fwivels, her 
 crew confifting of fixty men including thirty 
 foldiers; that this vefTel had been laden at 
 Quebec with arms,, ammunition, cloaths, and 
 V" provinons 
 
Iti 
 
 (7S) 
 
 pmvifionsfor the Indians, and was armed, m 
 
 mT, TT' ^^""^"^ ""^''^ ^'"^ defame 
 'adins, :<ncl which got away during the fight. 
 
 where fl,e lias been condemned as a lawfu 
 pnze by the court of admiralty, as car^ ngon 
 
 heret„;!:^.e7' °* "" '"' "^"""'^ '"^'"-^« 
 
 in tfj^^'i"^ *"° •""" '''""^' '^"d °"« mounded 
 k n!j ^"fS^'"""'. The brigantine had fi^ 
 
 tomJ"f '^ru^°"'"'^'^' The n,aftcr or 
 
 on t'n,r If t governor of Canada to talce 
 •on himfelf the command of this veffel in 
 
 preltnts for ihe Indians, to return into die 
 harbour of Quebec to be laid up. 
 
 on m!^l l*" '° ?''^".^'"' y"" '"rdAips. that 
 
 inihe h^v v1 ■ '?'"'"" '"'■°'" her cruize 
 
 London of r '. " ^'''■•''' '"^^ =^"«* *« 
 London of Canada, commanded by capiain 
 
 le Cras: upon examining her paoers the« 
 found that this veffel had\een eZ'l^Z 
 m? b""."S ^^like ftores. provifi^onrand 
 
 he fjf±l 1"^"^' .-<» *i- *efe reafons 
 
 vn<i I *«Tiyaitookte;;:i.;:::uXte 
 
 11 
 
 La 
 
 in tif*fa 
 
 where 
 
. (76) 
 
 J^re flie was confifcated by his majcfty'a 
 court of admiralty for having carried on aa 
 JiJjcit trade. '^ 
 
 N U. M B E R IV, 
 
 !Bxfra^ of a letter from M. de la Jonquiere 
 gc-.'crnor of Canada, to M. Ccrnwallii 
 governor Of Nova ^cotui, dated at ^ebec, 
 Jpnlz, J 7 JO. *xy * 
 
 Jl with the orders I had given to the orticers 
 to whom I gave the command of the fa id 
 pofts, not to fuftcr that any fettlement fliould 
 be made there by any body whatfoever , and 
 to oppofe any fuch attempt, by force of 
 arms, after giving notice to thofe who would 
 fain give them any difturbance, of what I have 
 juft now mentioned to you ; however, with- 
 out pving them orders as to any fortiiicadon, 
 till fuch time as the commifTaries, who have 
 
 ri^nf T ^^"''^''?V^'^" ^^"^^^ ^^^ bounda- 
 ries of Acadia with New France. Thefe 
 
 boundaries have never been fetded yourfelves 
 agree; whereas commiilaries have been 
 
 Tcc'unt t/^ ^"^^'^- '^--tS 
 account, that I am warranted, in fendino^ 
 
 Ti:iF'^'^ the faid pofls, till the decit? 
 pi the two crowns. 
 
 I hope you will .e'iea ferioufly, on 
 What I mention to you. fJor, do I doul^ 
 
( 77 ) 
 
 but you will acquaint the king your mat 
 
 «e me, that 1. 1 you receive his orders, vob 
 
 Wdlrrn ^^=K^''"°'^"y°"'^W 
 nand that J fliall not be wanting in doing mine 
 
 / have been juft informed? that th!- W 
 Coram, has talcen the Ablx- Gerard, reflor of 
 SS^at^b (''"--tth'e^tfonf 
 
 tou w rf nd^,- '"^u '"y '"^"' ^ 'f^fi^e 
 'o hircoX "• ' " °' ""'' '"^'' 
 
 ?«" de Puyfoulx the yth of June 17-0 
 h ">y lord Albemarle, '' •' ' 7j°' 
 
 T"l"a"i'T'"" "'"M^^'o^ extraordi- 
 ieftv fb7t' P'^"'?"^""^^. from his ma- 
 jeity, the kme of Great-liritam k. • . 
 
 orders from L ki^glif Sr.'daS H^ 
 
 S^rwe1Sfe^!'^>"^"->-'^°>^"-- 
 . i^- Cornwallis, governor of Nova Scotia 
 
 B "■ '• •-'•' •"* "«i- i^^rc or i\ova 
 
 Scotia 
 
Scotia beyond the bay of Fundi, (a) from the 
 
 raelS^its'^fXolt'"' '-'''"' 
 They have reduced Beaubaffin to aihes, 
 and carried to the other fide the river the inha- 
 bitants with their effeds; [6) compelled them 
 to take up arms, and formed them into com- 
 panies; fo that the fieurLacorne, a French 
 officer has at that place under his command, 
 a body of two thoufand, five hundred men 
 made up of regular troops, Canadians and 
 Indians. 
 
 The fieur de Lacorne and father Loutre, a 
 French mifiionary, have made ufe of repeated 
 and innumerable promifes and menaces, in 
 order to perfuade all the inhabitants of the 
 province to leave the country {c). 
 
 The inhabitants declare openly their ab- 
 horrence of thefe proceedings; but the 
 Ijeurs de Lacorne and Loutre, threaten 
 tHem with a general mafl*acre from the /n- 
 
 *T, '"^ '^^^^ ^^'''^ "°' *^'^^" poflc/Tion of it : whereas b^ 
 theconfcmonof the Englifh, they were pofffiTf it^ 
 at the time of the treaty of Utrecht. But M. de la Fon 
 qu.ere has ftnt a detachment to prevent the Enahfh theml 
 
 (^; By Beaubaffin is here qnderftood, a French hah! 
 ^tion, fettled at Chignedo, which the French were ut 
 i^r a neceffity of relinquifhing. To burn one's f^f in the 
 
 ^t£:;ed:'hS^.r'°"^^^^-^-^--^ 
 
 t Jpri^r T '^'' ^'!'T''^ «f ^ country poiTeffed by 
 Charge! ' '"'"''''■''^ "^'"^ '^' invafion Jaidto thei^ 
 
') from the 
 1, making 
 
 to afhes, 
 ■ the inha- 
 illed them 
 into com- 
 a French 
 command, 
 red men, 
 iians and 
 
 heir ab- 
 
 but the 
 
 threaten 
 
 the /n- 
 
 I'hereas by 
 fled of it, 
 de la Jon- 
 ilifhthem- 
 jrmed, in 
 
 nch habi- 
 were un« 
 felfin the 
 »n canno;; 
 
 (TefTed by 
 d to theiir 
 
 C 79 ) 
 dians, if they remain in the province. Ther 
 
 ten '"^ P^°^^^\«F"Jy the Indians, o2^ 
 declared enemies, who enlift under the ban- 
 ru^^f, prance They detain tC\-nX 
 Jiubjects, (dj his officers and foldiers, prifonen 
 They excite the king's French fubjeds to a 
 rebeUion , and thofe who remain loyal they 
 direaten with deftrudtion. They fJnd the'? 
 Indian flaves all over the countiy, where IZ 
 are guilty of all forts of outrage. ^ 
 
 Ie|ed^ by themfelves, to appertain to I, 
 
 Governor Cornwallis fent the fieur Lau^ 
 rence, major of foot, with a detachment to 
 Chignedo , where he arrived the 20th of laft 
 April. 1 hey faw the French fet fire (e) to the 
 town of Chigneao, Fr.nch colour Jl ° ted 
 on the ditches , and, die fieur de la Corn" at 
 the head of his detachment, braving i^^io 
 
 ^ndtothelaft, that ground as belonging to 
 
 The fieur deLacorne, having fent to defire 
 a conference ffj with the fieur Lawi^nce! 
 
 colfi Jot' ""^'^''''' ^^"^'^ ^''' "^^^'J ^°-e, but he. 
 wh.ch the Indians had fet fire" I len^ ^ "et^^bn"^ 
 
 if) If It was the fieur de Lacorne that demanded th- 
 
 the 
 
m 
 
 ( «o ) 
 
 Ae latter, accompanied by two captains of 
 foot, went to meet him, and demanded bv 
 whofe order, he had thus come intotema- 
 je%s temtones and committed fueh aafof 
 vio«;nce. The fieur de la Lacorne InfwSd 
 « was by thofe of M. de la JonquiereT^o 
 
 Pitrf^^T' •'"'^""'"er, Man-remf Cooke 
 Pitcodiack, ajid of all that counts as fa7a 
 the river, wh.ch was on the righ hand of 
 
 San "r,^' " ■"'r^-g '° l^s -oft 
 keen ,nH^ rt '• °' f '^^- *" ^e was to 
 hXl Jt?""^ ''^hh ^^> »"' f"* time 
 
 ;oin.:dtXpu?si'''^"'"'^--^p- 
 
 coiafde^St^er^retar" 
 ve,y httle inferior to that comnrandedne 
 
 W,n,> T'V'^." ^"■"^'^"^^ committing^S 
 hoftilmes in obedience to the kind's orders 
 for that purpofe. (h) " ".^^ 
 
 conference, it muft be concIudfH k. j-j 
 
 JS not invading. * ^P' ^"° ^^^fend 
 
 fo fa/? ^J.l^ "°', '?'^' ^'■^^^^ P^^^^"t his advancing 
 m/n^; u ^^^"owJedges the f.eur de Lacrne's deS^ 
 
 ^aX tTav^eTeeS^u^e'^^ 
 
 fendmg troop, to ppp^fe die invafipn. ^^'' '" 
 
 The 
 
the ki 
 
 f 8i ) 
 
 thffr ,^ f "^-^""^ pennade himferf, that 
 
 ^h.h?\ ""^"^^have been committed 
 
 r,uf ^ .k""«'Wge of die court of France, 
 
 chiiltian majeftys eqimv, and his ddire to 
 maintain a good underftaiiHins between -he 
 two crowns, that he affures liinifelf the molt 
 chnman kmg will readly fl,ew his difuppro- 
 bation of luch conduft. '^'^ 
 
 Governor Cornwallis has never made, nor 
 defigned to make any fettlement out of the 
 Itimn of thefenmfula (i) which the French 
 before, never pretended to belong to them • 
 the kmghavmghad no intention, in (onZ^ 
 a fettlement in his province of Nova Scotia, tS 
 
 I>f 'Ach the hng had referred the rkht of 
 P^' "';/;. thedeeijion of the commitrari 
 ippotntedjor that purpje ; before it J! poffi. 
 
 th/Zl 'f fT '"'' '" '"^'' tc pro Jed to 
 the jetthng of the limits. 
 
 H J^^"'i'^'''T"'" ambafTador has ordresto 
 demand that the condu(^t of M. de ]a [on- 
 quiere be diravowed: that pofmve ordi be 
 
 Ini .^T ^"^^^^'^^^Jy to withdraw liis troops 
 and the Indians under hi. authority from tlie 
 places which belong to Great Brkain Ithat 
 
 tinenr L^Zf 'j**"','^^"»ke no innovation on the con- 
 
 ^ amends 
 
( 82 ) 
 
 amends be made for the ads of violence 
 which have been committed, and the damage 
 which the king's fubjeds have fuffered : and 
 his majefty is perfuaded, that the court of 
 France will make no difficulty, to give the 
 underwritten ambalTador the duplicate of the 
 orders, which will be fent to the governor o^ 
 Canada, that he may tranfmit them to his 
 court. Done at Compeigne the 7th of July 
 
 Signed Albemarle. 
 
 T^he Marquis de Puyfieulx's letter to my Lord 
 Albemarle, by -way .of preliminary anjwer 
 to the complaints abovementiomd^ till his 
 majefty had received from Canada the parti- 
 culars of thefaSls ivhich had given occafion 
 to them. 
 
 ii ii 
 
 Compiegne, Jimeii, ^75^* 
 Sir, 
 
 IN the memorial which your excellency, 
 has given me concerning the complaints 
 of M. Cornwallis, governor of Acadia, are 
 contained many fads: fo contrary to the equity 
 of his majefty, and the inftruftions of M. de 
 la Jonquiere, that if they are found to be fach 
 as tliey are reprefented, the king will take 
 care, juftice fhall be done to his Britannick 
 majeify's fubjeds, and will give fuch frelh 
 orders, as will prevent the rife of any difpute 
 
 of 
 
 I 
 
( S3 ) 
 of what kind foever, between the t^vo nations ; 
 his nnj,ay bemg thoroughly pcrfuadcd his 
 Bntanmck majcdy will give, on his fide, orders 
 to the ianie purpofe. 
 
 Give me leave, Sir, to tell you I cannot be 
 prevailed upon to believe but that the fa6h are 
 expofed with too much exag^rcration, and from 
 my knowledge of M. de h Jonquiere's pru- 
 dence, and the inftru^ions which he has I 
 ^m forry M. Cornwallis has not applied 'to 
 him for redrefs, before he had made comr-laints 
 to his court. I fcnt your memorial as foon as 
 I received it to M. Rouille, and defired he 
 would take the proper fteps, to be informed 
 m a fpeeoy and precife manner, of w.iat has 
 pafled at Canada, fo as I may be enabled to 
 give your excellency a more politive anfwer. 
 J have the honour to be, &c. 
 
 P q Ayr- u. 1V. Signed PuvsiEULx. 
 
 f- S. Might not M. Cornwallis liave at- 
 tempted to form fettlements on the places that 
 
 riS T '^''^''''' ""' ^^''' °''' '^'' ^'^"o's tcrrito. 
 
 J letter wrote by M. Rouil!^ to M. de la Ton- 
 quiere ^ cof, of ,,hich was given to;,. 
 Lord A\hQm-unt .^he 15^/jc/July 1750. 
 
 T Send you he. mclofed, the copy of a 
 
 X memorid which was delivered by 'the Am- 
 
 balTador of Great Britaiii, to the Maroui. d- 
 
 ^ 2 Puyfieulx"l 
 
r I 
 
 Puyfieulx. You will there fee the complaints 
 which the Bridfli court has exhibited con- 
 cerning what has pafTed on the frontiers of 
 Acadia and Canada. If any French havp 
 been guilty of the outrages mentioned in thefe 
 - complaints, they would defcive punifliment, 
 and the king would make an example of 
 them. 'Tis therefore his majefty's defire, 
 that you Icarch into the truth' of what has 
 paficd on this occafion, with all poffibie ex- 
 adiiefs, and, that by die fi •It opportunity you 
 enable me to give him a particular ac- 
 count of the whole. 
 
 1 am hkewife, by the king's command, to 
 ^ remind you at the fame time, of the orders 
 ' which his majcfty has already given yoii 
 feveral times, concerning the condud which 
 you are to obferve with refped to the Englifh ; 
 efpecially in whatever relates to die bounda- 
 ries of the refpedive colonies, till they have 
 been finally fettled. At the fame time, that 
 you maintain his juft rights againft all attempts 
 made to fubvert them, you are not to attempt 
 yourfelf any diing that might be contrary to the 
 rights ol tne Englifh -, you are to fhew them all 
 the regard, that is compatible widi the honour 
 of die nadon, and the prelervation of its poflef- 
 fions I to take fpecial care that the officers 
 whom you fliall detach to the ports that are 
 in the neighbourhood of the Englifh colonies, 
 condid themfelvcs on the fame principles : and 
 in fliort, to avoid every thing that may give 
 
 any 
 
(85) 
 
 sny rea/onable ground of complaint acrainft 
 you His Bntannick majefty iuft have, as 
 I told you before, ordered his governors to 
 behave in the fame manner towards you 
 
 both fides agreeable to the views of their ma^ 
 jelties, towards maintaining the union between 
 both nations. I Rdl repeat it, his majefty re> 
 commends to you to do nothing that may 
 difturb It. I am, 6cc. ^ 
 
 Signed Rouille. 
 
 MEMORIAL in anf^.,er to the complaint, 
 of lingland, and given the ict/j of Sent 
 to my Lord Albemarle *. -^ */ r • 
 
 IN the anfwer to the. memorial mven at 
 Compeigne^ by the earl of Albemarle to 
 the marquis de Puyfieulx, concerning the com- 
 plaints exhibited by M. CornwalIis,° governor 
 Ox /icadiai nouce has been taken of two things 
 very material, *=* 
 
 ^ I .That with refpea to the violent proceed- 
 ings laid to the charge of i}^^ French officers 
 by this governor, and to rely entirely on hi. ex- 
 poiition alone, was not equitable : that his 
 majefly would caufe an account to he given 
 him of what had paiTed, and, if the fads 
 complained of, fhould prove true, his majelly 
 
 had* pll^rf AmS ""■ ""'"'^ '' ^^^' ^•'"^ °^ -^^' 
 
 would 
 
r S6 ; 
 
 would not hefitate to have a due reparation 
 
 r.ul- ^"^ ^^^'^ ^^ ^^" principal objecfV, 
 relative to the limits, that his majefty wa 
 going to renew the moft pofitive orders to 
 the marquis de la Jonquiere, that the French, 
 ot his government, do behave in every re- 
 
 to the good under/landing fublifting between 
 tne uvo nations, and the intentions of his 
 maje% towards eflabliihing it on a folid 
 maiet"" '' 1 J\ ^^^^^^' ^''' ^' ^"tannic 
 orders to the governors of his colonies, that 
 they would condud themfelves on the fame 
 principles. 
 
 It was not pofTible ar yet, to receive the 
 verification which hfs majelly has commanded 
 to be made. But fuch letters are received from 
 
 Herb^!'^'"l'^' ^' J°"^"^^^^' ^"^ M' des 
 Herbieis who commands aU'Ille Royal, as 
 
 will enable the Britifh minifters to be^th;m 
 
 lelves judges, how far the obfervations. jufl 
 
 now mentioned, have been grounded. ^ 
 
 bo early as the month of March, M. 
 Cornwalhs made preparations for a confi- 
 derable armament, and he even fent for that 
 purpofe to Bofton, to dcfir^ a reinforcement 
 of part of the militia of that colony. 
 
 Towards the month of April, he fhipped 
 
 voy of the Albany ot eighteen guns, fome 
 
 troops 
 
Tr. rl ^r '^^^ p'^^^- ^°'»«»d- 
 
 held on A. •' " '*'* P"**' which he 
 
 innawtams, and Indians, to fubmit to tlv 
 conditions, which he would thinkproL to 
 impofe on them. ^ P^ ** 
 
 The apparatus of this armament, and the 
 menaces, which had preceded on the r^rt of 
 governor Cornwallis. who made no fS of 
 te pea, had provoked the refenS^ 
 the ravages, and alarmed the verv i„habi"ante 
 of fome parts of Acadia, who 4«re aS. 
 %fa.ened at the innovations and ;^p:^u ^ 
 this governor, to that pitch, that'^^Jhr^eU 
 having come to an anchor in a haven rf the 
 
 rTft a^H 1 *^,'>''^'"g %-ated fro^Te 
 • 1 u- '^"^"'^^ towards Beaubaffin the 
 inhataante of this place re&lvcd on b^'idon! 
 
 j^ te to It. This affair happened the 2d of 
 
 fZv^^^'' ^^ major Lawrence landed the 
 Enghft troops at the point of Beaufejour on 
 Ae continent : the captain of the coaft we„" 
 to fpeak to them with a white flag • re^re 
 rented to them how thefe lands bdoneed S 
 France^ and .hat he fiad orders not ?Sr 
 mem to remain there. 
 
 The 
 
( S8 ) 
 ^ The Enghfh tlien delired to fpeak with thd 
 irench commandnnt : the chevalier de La^ 
 corne who, having had an account of their- 
 march was ccine to this place, dc/ired, of 
 iiimlelt, to have a conference with the Englifli 
 commander After fome parleys among the 
 fubaltcrn officers, major Lawrence agrefd to 
 the conference, and the chevalier de Lacorne 
 went half way to meet him. 
 
 The Englifh commander exprelTed to the 
 chevalier de Lacorne, his furprife at the fire 
 ofBeaubaffin, and at finding the French on 
 t.nglifh territories : and that he had orders 
 rrom general Cornwallis to defire he wouid 
 < vacuate the place, and that it was adin^ in 
 a manner contrary to the law of nations and 
 good faith to come on thefe grounds and to 
 perfuade the Indians to malfe war on the 
 iinglifh. 
 
 . The French commandant's anfwer to ma- 
 jor Lawrence was, that he ought not to be 
 furprifed at finding him in the pofls which he 
 held, inalmuch as M. de la Jonquierehad ac- 
 quainted M. Cornwallis with if ^ diat it was 
 without any foundation he laid the motions 
 of the Acadians to his charge, in which he 
 had no more fhare than in the fire of Beau- 
 baffin, of which the favages only were the 
 authors. As for the reft! he had orders to 
 luffer no defcent to be made on this coafl 
 
 b force " '"^ ^'^''^' ^""^ ^"^ '^^^^ ^^""'"^ 
 
 Upcrt 
 
 -'*■' 
 
( «9 ) 
 
 ypon tlus the two commanders parlej 
 and uiajor Lawrence immediately made a 
 lynal to his troop to reimbark, whi. h was 
 executed. 
 
 Such are the rxaft particulars o vhat 
 paffed in this adv.. nture, on tiie occalion of 
 
 ti,e'tf>^; ^"T"'"^ "'""Sht proper to be 
 the firft to make complaints. They aeiee 
 with what he has him.olf faid concerJng^c 
 
 thi^t^F ''mP'^ ''"' it -'lilts tlierefrom. 
 that AeFrencli have not entered the peninfula 
 of Acadia as it had been advanced ; hat they 
 have had no fhare in the excefe committed 
 by the Savage., or in the motions of the Ac-x- 
 d.ans, that M Cornwallis ought to afoS^ 
 
 ^rf°'K\'° ^^"■"l"^ which he obferved 
 towards both people, and that it is with ere ,c 
 mjuftice h» lays them to the charge ofdi 
 
 ;.S:o;\h^-^:r 
 
 rnlrp:bt.U:^!-'^''-°^='>-inS 
 
 v.Iw. <i''"P°fi'ions and objeft of M. Co.n- 
 walliss annament were inferted in the Ga 
 zette of Bofton in New England, where i 
 was confidered as an ad ot^ hoftili^ on his 
 
 Letters from Hallifax, containing not only 
 a detail of all the preparations male for til 
 
 velitnre which had preceded in the interior oTrt 
 
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 ( 90 i 
 
 6f thcpenlnfula between fomeof the Engliflf 
 troops and fome of the Savages, appeared in 
 print in London the 26th of laft Auguft. 
 
 Thefe very letters are an evidence of '^e- 
 ^eral Cornwallis's a(^ing as in an open a'Jid 
 declared war againft tlie Savages, againft 
 the inhabitants of his government, and even 
 againfl the French, who are the kint^'s fub- 
 jefts. ^ 
 
 'Tis moreover known it was a genera! re- 
 port in that country, that the fame governor 
 was to form more enterprizes. And from a 
 letter which he wrote die marquis de la Jon- 
 juiere die 5di of May, O. S. of which a copy 
 IS here annexed, 'ds plain his difpofitions were 
 far iiom being peaceable. 
 
 . I^^ r?^ i^ ^"^^^^^^ ^° ^'^P^'^ from the 
 juftice of his Britannick majefly, tliathe will 
 be pleafed to give diredions diat M. Cornwal- 
 Iis do behave himfelf with more moderation 
 and in a manner diat is agreeable to die inten-' 
 tion of die two crowns, fo as peace may be 
 maintained, and that he will not fuffer him to 
 indulge himfelf in ads of violence fo contrary 
 to the ftipulations of the treades of Utrecht of 
 Aix la Chapelle, and to the fpirit of die com- 
 miffion eftablifhed at Paris. 
 Theking reiterates his affurances in diis place 
 fliat if his officers were guilty of enterprifes of 
 this nature, fo long as they fliall not be com- 
 pelled to It m order to repel force by force, his 
 niajeily would not hefitate a moment to punifh 
 
 the^; 
 
c Engiiri* 
 3eared in 
 guft. 
 
 ce of ge- 
 jpen and 
 , againfi 
 and even 
 ng's fub- 
 
 nera! re- 
 governor 
 d from a 
 e la Jon- 
 :h a copy 
 ons were 
 
 from the 
 It he will 
 -ornwal- 
 ieration, 
 le inten- 
 may be 
 r him to 
 contrary 
 recht, of 
 lie corn- 
 is place, 
 prifes of 
 be com- 
 rce, his 
 > punifh 
 the^; 
 
 explained and renewed to them Tn^ ^* 
 manner that they will be cert^^h ' u ",* * 
 maybe alfo defended ^.'S th^^- •' '' 
 pourfe witi, the officers if wf Rri,^ • '"'"'" 
 jcfty, they will never 611 ir,,r TT" '"^- 
 tioiis aswouldnott. IT °l/"* *e'™a- 
 bloodieft war '"°'^''""' '^«" '" 'he 
 
 Judge ':f '^ %,^:,t''t "ff^i '» 
 to M. de la rMolr. ^°"«'^''ss letter 
 ■%- 5. (0. ^.y°"'?'"^'*> Dated Halifax. 
 
 thofe of the kL of r""^ed jaft year with 
 exchange of prifoler? b,?- ^^T"' ^"^ ^^e 
 all thofi whrwerrin hi n"''^'"'''^""''^'* 
 mo the hands ofTnL^TT* \^ P"' 
 
 "18 to the governmeft ftet y' "^^""^l 
 given the moft peremDtnrl New. York, and 
 
 7 all his goverEC'mS le"""^''- 
 of the prifoners, who w^? ?"'<"" 
 
 vages, as eafv a, n^fl-rf* ^"".""S the fa- 
 in order to A^^peS ^: ht^ ^"«'^'^- 
 waited to have the rnJ.? ' . • , ^ "°' ^^en 
 
 Sr;'Lytif^:d'K^^«"''-S 
 
 7 may lorm a judgment of the French 
 
 jN 2 
 
 I 
 
 go. 
 
( 92 
 
 ; 
 
 governor's private difpofitionsj and of the orders 
 which have been given him in every thing 
 relating to the union of both nations. 
 
 'Twas hoped, the Englifh governors would 
 have acted with the fame good Faith, and the 
 Hime exadnefs, in fending back the French 
 prifoncrs j and, it is not doubted, but 
 the court of England, will at all events, 
 think proper to give frefli orders, relative 
 theretOjj to prevent all complaints on this fub- 
 jctt hereafter. 
 
 N U M B E R V. 
 
 ExtraSi of the interrogatories of the four Eng- 
 lilh traders, taken upon the territories of 
 France *. 
 
 IN the year 1751, and the ipith of the 
 month of June, before Noon, in the pre- 
 fence of us, the Marquis de la Jonquie 
 commander of the Royal and Military order 
 of St. Lewis, Chef -d'Elcadre of the naval 
 forces, governor and lieutenant general for the 
 king, of all New-France, Ifle Royal, and its 
 appendages, lands, and countries of Louifi- 
 ana ; being prefent, the baron de Longueil, 
 governor of the city and government of 
 Montreal, and M. Varin, commifTary of the 
 
 * Thefe interrogatories prove that the governor of 
 Philadelphia ufed to give to the Englifh trade'rs, miffions 
 to traffick on the P^ cnch territories, and that he had an 
 emifHiry v/ho was charged to make prefe.ts to the fava- 
 ges of thefe territories, in order to excite them to a war. 
 
 marine, 
 
le orders 
 :ry thing 
 
 s would 
 
 and the 
 French 
 
 :d, but 
 events, 
 relative 
 
 his fub- 
 
 ur Eng- 
 or/Vj- of 
 
 of the 
 Jie pre- 
 ►nquie 
 •y order 
 e naval 
 
 for the 
 
 and its 
 Louifi- 
 Dngueil, 
 lent of 
 
 of the 
 
 vemor of 
 , miffiotis 
 le had an 
 the fava- 
 D a war. 
 
 marine. 
 
 ( 93 ) 
 
 marine, and head-magiftrate of the fame city", 
 in our cabinet at the caftlc of Vandreuil, where 
 we live, in the faid city of Montreal. 
 
 We have caufed to be brought before us, 
 
 four Englifhmen, &c. — Being aiTifted 
 
 by Daniel Jofeph Maddox an Englifh intrepre- 
 ter, duly fworn, maintained by the king, in 
 order to ferve us in the faid capacity, whom 
 we have fent for, in order to interpret the 
 interrogatories ; which we are going to make 
 to the faid Englifh, and their Anfwers. To 
 which we have proceeded feverally, in the 
 following manner. 
 
 I. Came before us an Englifhman, to whom 
 we gave to underftand by die means of the 
 faid Maddox, that we required his oadi to 
 fay the truth, which he took immediately 
 laying his hand on his breaft, according to the 
 laws and ufages of Great-Britain, b- which he 
 promifed, and fwore he would fpeak the truth. 
 Called upon to declare h:s name, firname* 
 age, profeffion, town of his birth, of his refi- 
 dencej and^ on what government it de- 
 pends. 
 
 Anfwered, That his name was Luke Ir- 
 win, 28 years of age, that he is a travelling 
 
 "J D^i^'iS ^ "^^""^ °^ ^'^^^"^' an inhabitant 
 ot I'hiladelphia, government of Pennfylvania. 
 I. Being afked how long he has been 
 away from Pennfylvania, where he went 
 when he fet out from thence, and where 
 he propofed \o have gone to ? 
 
 Anfwered, 
 
year; that he went firft to k „ '"'^ 
 
 -h^n tTefSrlt°'^,rr >' '^^ r 
 
 defign, &c ''"'^^^^"^^^ and what was his 
 
 he had a printed licence from TamesVmTl 
 ton, KovTrnor nf PK.Lj i . "• J^""^ Hamble- 
 
 forwh cl?),rhad mTn J- ^^.^^'^'J'y Wans 
 governor, &c ^^ ^'^ '^'^''"S' '<> *« faid 
 
 3. Being aiked, whe^^.Pr .v u 
 Aat he dealt his f id goods to the'r,""' '""'' 
 fpns, who have takcfTi^V^J'^^S^I''^- 
 nvcr, la Roche , .V^- j • *^. " ** Fair 
 
 Hood? Wh^trCgtntrfr- 
 Pnce perfuaded them aIT were fint ' "^ 
 much cheaper than thnr» ^^^ f "^'^' ""^ 
 And how longhe has cat;.H* *^ '^^"^^ 
 wd, thefe nains "^ °" ^'^ ''"'fi^k 
 
 r?vf;fn:ts^^„^i::g^t«oodsto*, 
 
 nvcr and every wher;S\?:;ettiS.t! 
 
 dians 
 
!>« that the fiva^^T r ^'■""^''g°"J=. 
 difference betwcefA^^'"'''''^ '"^''<= ^ S^^^' 
 
 order of thfl ^ *"'. ''' ''"» «med. by 
 
 to die faid favL mStn- '^ ^^''^'^'^ 
 fideraWc prefenK If ^'^^^ '■""^ '«"- 
 in order to Wuce ,C ." "^r^'y "^ ""». 
 but the S tn™ 'P?^'^°^kdge none 
 
 fentiments oTha'tred , ' ''T ,*'"' ^^'"^ 
 and influence them to therjA t *'^'^"^''" 
 mifing them forZ tpuml f?"*°? = P^"" 
 for each French fcafn ^^' • u'" "' '"''"'^y 
 wife true, tharhe ?5;e Ae'c. ' "°' 'l*^^- 
 ^uage. Chavagua"onne or ,I,?."''"°" '""- 
 the Iroquok/anorr 'langu^: of^^f^' "^^ 
 
 andifincSriL'^^hirhS"''^^^' 
 has not fent hitn to the K=^; *;f'1f T' ""^ 
 
 ar„tf^^p'-^--X'ti\4:u';: 
 
 prefents, or ru«. Thaf thi ~; ^^ 
 
 order 
 
ii 
 
 ( 96 J 
 
 order fo carry his mejages to the nations, 
 makes ufe of the fieur George Crocquen, 
 merchant^ who is his grand interpreter j who 
 has always with him a Frenchman, called 
 Andrew Montour, by origin a Canadian, as he 
 heard it faid i who attends him in his progrefs, 
 among all the favages, whofe languages he 
 fpeaks to perfedlioni that he is ignorant as 
 to the faid Crocquen's being now among die 
 Indians; but he knows, that he was not to 
 delay Jetting out after himfelf, by order of 
 the governor, to carry a mejjage to the Mic- 
 macs, and all the other nations: That his 
 being deputed, was owing to * the Micmacs 
 having been laft year, with the faid Crocquen 
 at Vefkak, where he has a houfe, with fix- 
 teen odier merchants, in order to defire 
 toait he would receive them. And that the 
 laid Montour was going to affure thefe nations, 
 on behalf of the faid governor, that they 
 ftiould meet with a good reception from die 
 Enghfh. That he could not fay whether the 
 orders of diis governor were to influence thefc 
 nations to the deftrudion of the French, be, 
 caufe when he came away, the Micmacs were 
 not then arrived at Philadelphia; and diat 
 nothing had tranfpired : that he talks Cha- 
 vanon, Chavagaronne, and feveral other In- 
 dian languages, but that he has not been chofen 
 to be the bearer of the governor's meflaee. 
 5. Afked, &c. ^ 
 
traders, durinrthr^n," """'^' "^ ^"S^^ 
 
 the ±qu^ de T?,^ j.749; by the order of 
 
 dencies ; that they were fi^^.f T '*''''."'- 
 draw from the SJofZ""^J° ^'*- 
 matter : that they w^e 'f.^MH ' ^"S our 
 
 there, and tliat the f^"Lur de Cel '''"'"' 
 a letter m thp ^ 5 ^ ^eioron wrote 
 
 acquit him XtT;h7'?''^'^^'P'''"''>'° 
 warn him, that f Enriff^ f"".'' =!;'' '" 
 re-appear on the Wng'strttoriS'?, ""'ll 
 
 not^^he_a„rweraB,etUirr.h'/rf 
 the om7;^^ X tt"' "T'°" "'^"^ °f 
 
 by his governC " "''"* ^••'^ S'™" W™ 
 Leflure was made to the faid r nt„ i ■ 
 
 caufe^to be°'J;r '" f "S'-'^'""". whom we 
 
 that t::.^uAtt^^^} '"f f^'^'^-- 
 
 which he Uedittyt K,H^ r"' 
 
 on 
 
r 9^ ) 
 
 en his breaft according to the laws and ufajres 
 of Great Britain, by which he promifed ^d 
 Iwore lie would fpeak the truth 
 
 Called upon to tell us his name, furname, 
 age, profemon, the town he was horn in. 
 mat of his rciidcncc, and to what government. 
 It belonged. 
 
 Anrwcrcd, his name to be Jofcph Fortiner, 
 his age 26, that he was a hired fervant, a 
 traveller, born iji and an inhabitant of the 
 
 7New Yo'r ^^"''^''^ '" '^' government 
 Interrogated on the firft interrogatory, which 
 was read to him word for word 
 
 Anfwered that he has been abfent from 
 Gergetheie four years pad; that he has kept 
 tlie moft part of the time in the woods ; that 
 m the Winter he ufcd to retire to the village of 
 bcaijins belonging to the government of Phi- 
 Inaelphia; that he has been with the Cheva- 
 !ions of the Fair River, and wherever he could 
 carry on a trade with tlie Indian natives. 
 
 Interrogated on the fecond interrogatorv 
 which was read to him word for word 
 
 Anfwered, that he came out with Michael 
 1 elce with an intent to trade with the favaees • 
 that he hired himfelf to the faid TdlFln 
 order to help him to carry down his goods with 
 hishorfes Tliat he and'the other Englifhmen 
 whohavebeentaken,burnttheirbiUsofparcT^ 
 that he cannot therefore tell us to what value 
 his amounted in goods ; diat he had them from 
 
 the 
 
.1 r ( 99 7 
 
 the ftmemnn th« fupplicd L„kc I, win • th,t 
 
 fha, which he leftinhiscbin i„ ihe v ,1: 
 
 bclon.mg to the nations, called in E iS 
 
 ^^W,«A fituated near the CiKvnnon" " 
 Being interrogated on the third intcrro-ntorv 
 
 which was read him word for word " ^' 
 Anfwered, that he dealt his merchandi.™, 
 
 to the nations who have taken refuse on i;. 
 
 Fair River and in the neighbourhcSd tlia^ 
 he never offerred to depreciate Ae Frcnh Voo. 
 
 n Ae prefence of the lavages, but that t « t' id 
 tl^'tT"^ '^"■'"8 witfithe Englirh, bccau b 
 tZrf" rf *""'<= '"='"«if"l a"d cheapen 
 Aan Aofe of the French ; that he has bSn 
 
 h^oA-^'f. '749 he was « the vil- 
 mStofPht!riK''°'TS to the ^overn- 
 
 Se oluf^r^' "^<=« he heard /:, n.ion 
 made ot M. de Celoron's campaign on the 
 Fmr River, and that he has no knowlcXe of 
 what relates further to the ftid inte3;°^ 
 
 Called 
 
rJ 
 
 III 
 
 f 100 J 
 
 Called upn to tell his name, &c 
 Anlwered, that his name is ' ThomM 
 Bourke, h,s age 23, that he is a travcTr 
 
 delpWa ^" "'^^'"S^^ft" near Phila- 
 
 Iiiterrogated on the firft interrogatory, which 
 was read to him word for word. ^ 
 
 h.^Z'"\'^1 '", H '''■"°'* «ght years fince 
 
 away from W ^"u"'^' *»' ^'^'' been 
 away from his village only thefe t^n 
 
 months part i that he wa! hired to John M^ 
 
 ^n an Englift trader on the Fair Cr X" 
 
 and f r' t* T° "«"« fervitorto ^ 
 and trade at three leagues from Otfendolk« 
 
 Examine! on the fecond interrogatory. 
 
 of a" rw?En!m "' '^°T"y -n'Wea only 
 Of me two Englilhmen, of whom he has iufl 
 made mention; that tlic goods he had ' „- 
 eluding the horfes, might have been rnm 
 
 wnoie at a Imall river, about two Ieao-„pc rr^„ 
 where the Father de la Richar^e hatred 
 
 leaving all behind them the moment th™ 
 S""^°""\^ of their arreft: that SgS 
 thimlf ;° ^S-^^''' ^''"'"- ^ho liad his 
 
 & i V '"^°'^.°"= of whom is ChipD,: 
 
l.„ I, »"^4»cn firft interpreter bnf ,h.>, 
 he knows not whether it h,c k j i- ""' 
 
 Lefture beinrmade to t^ f'^^''^^''- 
 Bourkeofthenrff.^,- *'"' '='"1 Thomas 
 "nfwers, &? P "^"^ 'nterrogatories. with his 
 
 ha^^ia&h?&f "S"'^™''"' -^° '^ 
 ^^Cajiedupontotellushisname, furname. 
 
 withthelnHin/ • S«' ^ merchant trading 
 
 AathtwrtTtL^K^r-JtV^^^^ 
 nver, thirty leagues from 1 r^ ^P'^" 
 
 Micmacs,asheS «^th. • '^^ °* *= 
 with thefc favages "' '"'""' '° '"^e 
 
 wa^rj"ht"j^^t"wiir°^-^ 
 
il 
 
 ( 102 ) 
 
 merchant, who had five. That they all came 
 together to the river of la Roche, where they 
 met with fifty Englifh merchants or fervitors, 
 lodged in the cabins of the Micmacs, the chief 
 of which IS called the Damjcl, tliat thefe 
 cabins are in a fort > that he had to the a- 
 mount of kvtn thoufand livres worth of goods 
 and thathe came out provided with a penSiirioii 
 from the governor of Philadelphia * for which 
 he was niade to pay apiftole. This permiffion 
 he left behind him in his box in his cabin at 
 the faid Micmacs. 
 
 Interrogated on the third tinterrogatory. 
 which was read him word for word 
 
 Aiifwered, that he dealt out bis goods to 
 the Indians who have taken refuge on the 
 Fair river, la Roche river, and the parts ad- 
 jacent. That it Wis the firft time of his ao- 
 mg to la Roche river j that he carried on liis 
 trade exhibiting his merchandize, and agree- 
 ing about the price with the favages, wifiout 
 any intent to depreciate the French goods. 
 
 * With regard to thefe permiflion, it is necefTarv to 
 rem.nd our readers, that thev are (o many mS menu 
 
 vaVe/i"'-' °^ '"'^' ^"""^^'^ °" ^he trea^ties. ¥hT?a. 
 vages having no territory, may freely trade in all the 
 countnes, Englifh as well as Wnch, as to the Euro 
 pean nations, none can trade with the favages, bat on 
 Its own territory. Thefe letters of the Englifh govef" 
 nor s, given to traders, authoriflng them to trade in the 
 countries which France is in pofTelon of, are thtfore, 
 on Til ""'^'•^^^^h'?^"]^ 5 thefe Engl.fh traders carried 
 governor. '"""'^'"^^"'^ ^^^^^ ^y the pcrmiifion of their 
 
 Inter- 
 
, ( '03 ) 
 
 Interrogated on the fourth intetroMtnr,, 
 whu:h was read him word for woT^ '""^ ' 
 , TK . r*^' *^' ^^ has only heard it faid 
 il^* 'rr°; °f Philadelphia hadlten 
 , ?"J° *e hands of George Croequen S 
 mterpreter merchandize to t^e "die o? 
 Th^he' *°"'^?'Jpift^fe for the Wes" 
 
 S^rai'd^Kufa^ShSr''* 
 ord.^dirpofeofAem'l^Ate^g S '" 
 
 fl ^ ^^"'T* '»''«' commands attLfaS 
 lort; and that he went thither ,„:,t, • 
 
 •o difpofe of his me^Sandize * "" '"'^"' 
 Anfwered, that he went to the fort of the 
 Sh':;ouirh *? ^^Ses telling hi^'S 
 fort. tK 'l'"S ^"-efted in the faid 
 
 Sd fomeiotr :;Vffi'^v^^ ^ e- 
 
 had brought vrhtte^rc*;"™ 
 
 diiefs; and that the whole was feized hT, 
 the fieur de ViUiers. as alfo his WfeAl. hi 
 
 w^^ wt rr^"'^''": '^here his cloath 
 w^re, was left in an Indian cahhm fi.,,^ 
 
 whence 
 
- ( I04 ) ' 
 
 whence they were to have been fent to him 
 to the Detroit , but, that fince he hL LdTo 
 account o£ them : he further fays, that anoA^ 
 hprfe of h,s, mounted by a favag;, who ferved 
 
 Aiked, rf ,t be not true, that when he de- 
 termmed to go to the French fort of th; 
 M.cmacs, he made prefents : or. that prefems 
 were made by feme body, to the Xfu"ee 
 nat.ons of the Fair river. 4 river la rX 
 n order to extraft a promife from them.Tat' 
 f he was attacked, or flopped, therwodd 
 take vengeance for it. "icy wouw 
 
 torf "iHir; ""'' '•'"'^ *= f*'*! inte^^oga- 
 tory, in all its contents. '' 
 
 Interrogated if it be not true, that the 
 goods which were feized at la Crdx witW^ 
 «venty leagues of the fort of the MicmacT 
 belonged to him ; and that they are the W 
 that are mentioned in the verbal procefsofSe 
 fieur Montigny. an officer. dateVSe 2d of 
 
 t^n'ldVto^i^m"'^'^'^'^^^-"''^'^'^^- 
 
 Cr|Stit,e£tff^:/;„l^ 
 '"■tj^t"^ P'-ocefs to beof the fime ?^ 
 
 fofth'^'reft'tr^'^'f '1"-''^"'*: 
 
 tor me reit, he does not know whether hk 
 fervitors have carried off the reft, when thev 
 ran away, or what is become of th;m ^ 
 
 Interrogated on the eighth interro^aton. 
 Which was rsad to him word for w^ ^ 
 
 Anfvvered, 
 
( ws ) 
 
 Anfwered. that he was not at the Fair 
 
 ie t tJI- ^''°"'" ' «"^P^'S" °" «hat ri- 
 ™de n M"^ ^'r'n! "'"* *= Prohibitions he 
 hlird L i'f;'^ '* '"'**"• That he alfo 
 
 delivered tohnn; that the aforenamed Croc 
 quen interpreter-general tore it, in order to 
 ^X „^v'"°ti='^8'= °^ '' fr°- hiJi- a, d 
 
 Lefture being made to John Patton of the 
 prefent interrogatories and his anfwers and 
 be.ng called upon to declare if he w^ aC 
 re^ench from or add to his anf^ , S 
 Aey contain Ae truth, that he adheres to 
 them i hut notwithftaiiding adds that the /aid 
 interpreter-general Crocquen. has nta 11 tim s 
 
 itruaion of the French; and that at laft bv fiic 
 dint of prefents he fucceeded in procuring he 
 
 SatHcf "/""" '" *^ '^PP^-unSils 
 that all thefe fteps were interrcftcd and taken 
 
 that the French might be deterred from trad 
 
 "2 ™? *' ^^'^''"'- Tl^^" wirh re' a rd 
 to the letters which M. de Celeron v.-roV o 
 the governor of PhUnd.lphin, three of t^n^ 
 
 Tit '"'""P\^ ','>' 'he ruid'croc;:„ Tcft 
 •f he came to the knowledge of all his ,'•! ! 
 
 ceedings 
 
( io6 ) 
 ceedings » he fhould not fufFer him to go t^ 
 mong the -Savages, and has figned widi us at 
 eveiypage. As alfoM. the baron dc Longueil, 
 M. Varin, the faid Maddox, interpreter, and 
 our fccretary. Thus have figned John Patton 
 D. J. Maddox, la Jonquiere, Longueil, Va^ 
 rin, and St Savcur, fecrctary. 
 
 N U M B E R VI. 
 
 Warning fent by the order of M. de Contrecaur 
 captain of one of the Independent companies 
 \.r^^^"^ ^^^^^^f»^nt; commander in, 
 chief of bts majejiy's troops on the fair River 
 to the commandant oj thofe of the King of. 
 Great Britain, and carried by M. le Mercier 
 April 1 6, 1754. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 NOtliing can equal the furprife I am in 
 at your attempting a Setdement on 
 the territories of the king my mafterj and 
 this IS what induces me to depute to you 
 the chevalier le Mercier captain of ca- 
 nomers, bombardiers, commandant of the 
 
 r* '^''f.9?"^'^^' that I may be informed 
 by yourfelf Sir, by virtue of what order you 
 are come to fortify yourfelf on the dominions 
 q\ the king my mafter. This procedure ap- 
 « This has been added. In order to juftify the cover- 
 ^^x, ,t has been feen higher that this gentleman had 
 given to the value of a thoufand p . Jef of merchan 
 Jmc to Crocquen, to be diftributed a'mcng the SaTages 
 
 pears 
 
Ws moft Chrift^/n Aix-h-chapelle, between 
 GreaiBritS^h" '?''•''"> ""'* *« ting of 
 
 lands fuuaTdaloL*^ I" "'^5P^'»". as the 
 cro!:.U„';T.''re„^^;„*^t four en- 
 
 importance tn vn.,.. « J- . ^ ^^ ^^ "^"ch 
 
 Jir.BeCn"Clf"'''°°""- 
 here provided with o^dT^ I ^°'' "^^ "°r 
 wamihg. in the nZ^^nfl' , S"'^ y"" tWs 
 by virtle of Ae orte Ivh tV"^ ""^ ™'^«'-' 
 general for th« Im ^^ • kT ^'•"'■" '"y 
 ^^"'7 with vour ^:!;^Z Afte"" 
 
 cgmp y with tlii<! /^^A .u '""""' to 
 
 me unir Ac neceffitv „?" ^ •" ^'" "•" '='? 
 extremeties.) in wShlfe t" ^ '° *^ '='« 
 affured I will ?ive order, ^h!.' ^^ """y ^ 
 
 wmrirv!^?rr-'?^''^"t''^'*"'t 
 
 or thatlwiirt i? 'l""'^ an hour's delay 
 Uiatlwill confent to your waiting for dfe 
 
 ^ orderg 
 
 'Sf 
 
( io8 J 
 orders of your governor j he has none to give 
 on the dcininions of the king my mafter. 
 Thofe which I have received from my gene- 
 ral are the rule I muft condudt myfelf by ; 
 and which I muft not deviate from. 
 
 If on the contrai-v it lliould fo happen 
 that you have no or. .. and that you are 
 come only to trade : 1 am f )rry I muft tell 
 you, that I lliall be under a neceffity of fell- 
 ing you, and confifcating your goods to the 
 profit of the Savages, our children, allies and 
 friends, as you have no right to carry on any 
 contraband trade. 
 
 This was the reafon fir, why we arrefted 
 laft year two Engliftimen who traded on our 
 territories. As for the reft, my mafter in- 
 fifts only on what is his right ; his intention 
 is, in no ways to difturb the good harmony 
 and the friendfliip, which fubfift between, 
 his majefty and the king of Great Britain. 
 
 The general of Canada can give proofs of 
 his concurrence, in the prefervation of the 
 perfedt union which fubfifts between thefe 
 two friendly princes j inafmuch as being in- 
 formed, that fome Iroquois and Nepiftingues 
 of die lake of the two mountains, had ftruck 
 and deftroyed an Englifh family towards Ca- 
 rolina : he caufed the pafTage to be ftopped, 
 and compelled them to furrender him a litde 
 boy of this family, who w^as the only living 
 one of it; aad M, Ulrick, who was then 
 
 charged 
 
( 109 ) 
 charged with a negotiation at Montreal, 
 brought him with him back to Bofton. 
 
 He has moreover, forbidden the Savaj^es 
 to praaice their ufual barbarities on the Eiig- 
 li/h with whom we are in friendfhip. 
 
 Sir, I might make ufe of bitter complaints, 
 againft the inrtigations employed all laft win- 
 ter to prevail on the Savages to take up 
 the hatchet and ftrike us, while we make it 
 our ftudy to preferve peace, 
 
 I am well aware fir, of the polite manner 
 with which you will receive M. le Mercier, 
 as u^ell on account of his errand as his dif- 
 tindlion and perfonal merit. I expeft you 
 will fend him back to me witfi one of your 
 officers, who is to bring me a precife anfwer, 
 Hgned by yourfelf. * . 
 
 As you have fome Savages with you fir, I 
 have fent along widi M. le Mercier, an in^ 
 terpreter, that they may be made acquainted 
 with my intentions in regard to them. 
 
 1 am, &c. 
 
 Done in the camp, 
 April 1 6, 1754. 
 
 Signed 
 
 CoNrRECOEUR, 
 
 NUMB 
 
{ no ; 
 NUMBER VJI. 
 
 ■"ilh by M. CoMrecaur, May 23, ,754. 
 
 WE, captain of the company of a de- 
 5n chi.f '"f ™^"'°f«he mwine. commander 
 
 BeTves ^^"^'P'^^'i''' W^. and the river 
 
 The fieur de Jumonville. enfim in the 
 
 Tl', r ''•T'^y ^°mmande*d to fft ou" im! 
 
 hnCir^f^^^'''' Aree cadets, Vo- 
 lunteer, an Enghlh mterpreter. and twenty. 
 
 coSfe o? 1 '^'^ »'*'• "^ '' to follow the 
 
 nages tillhe comes to the carthoufe: after this 
 he .s to march till /i,ch time as he fhall find oj 
 
 laid to have been „,,de by the EngliA. 
 
 are n^! 1?""^'' S"" °"' *« *« Enelift 
 
 l^eSt^w° r^'' •"■ "■''* "« -"■>»' 
 give credit to, we being m peace. But if rnn 
 
 t"7 to expeaation itlhou^d fo happ n Tat 
 
 *ons'X EniT"""^ dircoverej^T; mo! 
 00ns the Enghlh were making on the lands 
 
 r^affie*' V"/;? <^°'"'"'°-= he t 
 repair diither, and deliver them the meffa^e 
 
 wfoch we commit to his charge. ^ 
 
 Wc 
 
( III ) 
 
 -%e and as Ln assets tS^.t 
 
 If the fieur de Jumonville fhould hear It 
 XT^A '^fu^' ^"^^^^ '^^ going to he 
 
 cled h!t' "![ "^.^ rr^^" * ^^ '« not to p o! 
 cced beyond the high grounds, it not being 
 
 or^e .c 1 ^ °"^' guard againft all fur- 
 If t; fl u ^'°^ "^^ ^^^^g^^ ^« tl^- English. 
 
 nimielt of the different roads, and he is to 
 give them inftances of friendfliip 
 
 Done at the camp at fort du 
 QiLefne, May 23, 1754. 
 
 Signed 
 
 CoNTRECOEUR. 
 TnmnnT ""^ ^"^ "^^'"^"S of which M. dc 
 
 Jumonville was bearer. 
 
 * The Apalachcan Mount 
 
 aim. 
 
 IFar 
 
 rung 
 
I 
 
 ( 112. ) 
 
 ff^arnin^ which fhejteur dc jfumonville, officer 
 of his mofi Cbrt/lian majejly's troops will 
 give to the commandant of the Englifo 
 troopSy if he do meet with any on the lands 
 belonging to the kings dominion. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 I HAVE been already informed by 
 the favages, that you were advancing 
 openly with an armed body of forces into 
 the king's territories. Although I could not 
 give any credit to fuch a report, yet as I ought 
 not to negledt any means whereby I may be 
 rightly informed, I detach the ficur de Ju- 
 monville, that he may fee if there be any 
 fuch thing, and in cafe he do meet with you 
 on the king's territories, that he may warn 
 you in the king's name, and by virtue of the 
 orders which I have for that purpofe from 
 my general, to retire peaceably with your 
 troops J otherwife you will lay me, fir, un- 
 der the necefllty of compelling you thereto, 
 and ufing all the means for that purpofe, 
 which fliall appear moft efFedual, and con- 
 fiftent with the honour of the king's arms. 
 The fale of the lands of the Fair river gives 
 you fo forry a tide that I f]]all be obliged, 
 fir, to repell force by force. 
 
 I muft tell you beforehand, that if after 
 this warning which is the laft / fhall give 
 
 you. 
 
7/?, officer 
 y-oops will 
 e Englifi 
 ! the lands 
 
 rmed by 
 idvancing 
 )rces into 
 :ould not 
 as I ought 
 I may be 
 ir de Ju- 
 £ be any 
 with you 
 lay warn 
 ue of this 
 lofe from 
 ^ith your 
 fir, un- 
 i thereto, 
 purpofe, 
 and con- 
 e's arms, 
 ver gives 
 obliged, 
 
 ; if after 
 
 lall give 
 
 \ou. 
 
 ( "3 ) 
 
 you, any a^ c^hoftility /liall enfue, you muft 
 be refponfiblc for ,t: It heinj; our intention to 
 prefervc the union which fubfias between tv/o 
 princes in friendfliip. Whatever be yourdcli^ns, 
 iir, I flatter myfelt you willgiveM.de Jum^on- 
 vdle all the inftances of regard which this 
 ofhccr deferves, and diat you will fend hini 
 back to me immediately that I may be in- 
 formed of your intentions. I am, &;c. 
 
 At the camp of 
 tort du Quefne,- 
 M^y 23> 1754. 
 
 Signed Contreccsur, 
 
 A letter wrote hy M. de Contrecffiur the 2d of 
 June 1754, to the Marquis du Quefne. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 SINCE the letter which /had the ho- 
 nour to write you the 30th of lafl May 
 wherein / told you that / expcdcd M. dc 
 Jumonville within four days : I have been jufl 
 informed diat this party has beeri taken arid 
 cut off to the number of eight men, of whom 
 according to the report of tlie Indians, M. d-' 
 Jumonville is one. One Monceau, a Cana- 
 dian, who has made his efcape, fays, diat in 
 order to flielter themfelves from the heavy 
 rains, they built ditmfelves cabins, where they 
 lay die whole night. The next mornin^, 
 about feven o'clock, diey faw themfelves fu?- 
 rounded hy fome Englilh on one fide, and 
 
 o 
 
 iuVawtS 
 
( iH ) 
 
 ravages on tlu other :" they received from the 
 Ln-lidi two dilchargc.,. from the lavages 
 f^one. M. dc Jumonvii'- dcHrcd, by fhe 
 help of an interpreter, that tliey would eive 
 over firing, as he had fomething to fay to 
 them. They gave over ; upon which M. dc 
 Jumonvi le cauled the warning to he read to 
 Uiem, which I caufed to be drawn up in or- 
 der that they might withdraw, and of which 
 I have the honour to fend you a copy. 
 While It was reading, the faid Monceau law 
 all our people coming clofe to M. Jumonville, 
 lo as to forma plattoon between theEnglilhand 
 the favages. Monceau took this opportnnity 
 to get off, and to make the beft of his way 
 through the woods, and thus arrived partly 
 by land anu the reft in a li tie canoe onui 
 nonghela river. 
 
 This is, fir, all I could learn from Monceau, 
 The misfortune is, that our people have been 
 furprifed the Englifh had difcovered them 
 
 feenthem "^°" ^^"^ before our people had 
 
 / receive this inftant, fir, a letter from M. 
 
 de la Chavegnerie, which /have the honour to 
 
 fll Ti ^'V'^^ ^"" ^y'''^ '^'^^ ^^ have cer- 
 ta nly loft eight men, of whom M. de Jumor - 
 
 ville IS one. The favages, who were prefent 
 atthisadion fay that L was killed Xfe he 
 Lftened to the reading of the warning U^ 
 
 c!:. w' I "^^ h.^^d^/ter which they pro- 
 CL^d u ftr... ; intending to deftroy dl^ur 
 V^t^^ ..ic lavofr-s, who were prefent, 
 
 tiirew 
 
h vebcn fl.i,^ %.""■"''" "f *c eight who 
 1 believe fir, yo» v.iil be furprifed nt the 
 
 wh,?h f >ba/l.ctors to afllfiinnte tLni. is 
 what has been never known among the ]Jn 
 c.v.hzed nations. The nations are^fo „ uc 
 provoked at it, that they have def.red myTeave 
 to ftnke the Englim. My great cZSe 
 >s a %^«v« chief, whom / fent to hold ! 
 
 There is no doubt but the Ene'.ifl, are i„ 
 march with an army of five thoufand meT.c 
 
 afl- t'th°att "P°" "' *^ ftv^gc, who\,"b 
 allure that their vanguard is always commkd 
 
 a .t r"atf T' ^"/ '''^' "-/^- "' l^^ng 
 a gre.' r.ad forthe eafiertranrpo, ting of their 
 
 tlnd-r; .^^-f l'f««4in advice of 
 word t^ M p""S °" '^"' '"^rch. I write 
 word to M. Pean, to ufe ail poffible freed in 
 bimginguptheprovifions; and ,„ the mean 
 time to fend us three hundred men eitha- bv 
 
 wtat liuuokcuin. 
 
 ville, 
 
 .0^2 
 
 to 
 
( ii6 ; 
 
 to come with the fame number of men that I 
 defire of M. Pean. 
 
 Had I omitted procuring this intelligence, 
 which unfortunately coft our people their 
 liberty andiives, the Englifli would have made 
 tlieir approaches without being difcovered; 
 whereas now we caution ourfelves againft any 
 thing that may happen. We are told the 
 main body is ftill at a diftance, and diat they 
 will take up at leafl a moon to arrive here. 
 'Tis likewife faid that they fortify TanarifTon, 
 towards the fource of Mononghela river. This 
 is the difcourfe of the favages, who alfo give 
 out, that the Englifh have ten Chicachas ; 
 tItiutY fat-heads of thofe who are neareft to 
 their colonies, and an hundred men of the 
 nation of DcgSy all enemies to the nations on 
 this river, who are greatly exafperated at it. 
 
 Tis faid, the Englifh defign to come and 
 build a fort, a bout half a league above us, 
 another at a good half league below us, that 
 is to fay, at the little rock j and a third at fif- 
 teen or twenty acres from this place, along 
 the river Mononghtla, on the fame fide with 
 us. 
 
 I will do myfelf the honour to acquaint you, 
 with every thing that fhall happen, as often 
 as I am able, &c. 
 
 NUMBER 
 
( '17) 
 
 NUMBER vm. 
 
 Major Wajhingtoti s 'Journal 
 
 THE 3 III of March I received a commif^ 
 Hon from his excellency the governor 
 (a) dated the 15th, appointing me to be lieu> 
 tenant colonel of the regiment of Virginia, of 
 which Jofliua Fry, efqj is colonel, with direc- 
 tions to take the troops, then quartered at 
 Alexandria, under my command, and to lead 
 them on to the Ohio, in order to aflifl captain 
 Trent in ereding forts, and defending the 
 pofleffions of his Majelly againft the en- 
 croachments (b) and hoftilitics of the 
 French. 
 
 2d April. Every thing being got ready a- 
 greeable to our orders, v^e began our march 
 with the companies of foot commanded by- 
 captain Peter Hog, and captain lieutenant 
 Jacob Vembraan, five fubaltern officers, two 
 ferjeants, fix corporals, a drummer, and an 
 hundred and twenty foldiers 3 a feijeant-major, 
 a Swedifli gentleman voluntier, two waggons, 
 guarded by a lieutenant, a feijeant, a corpo- 
 ral, and twenty- five men. 
 
 (a) M. Dinwlddie, governor of Virginia. 
 
 (b) Thefe encroachments, &c. conTifttd in defending- 
 this country ao^ainlt the ini/pfir.n . 
 jummoning tliefe people to retire. 
 
 r\r\ r\f t-Vit^ V 
 
 vt %wv 
 
 ^ng 
 
 i./v 
 
 ■Aim lii 
 
 We 
 
' ( ii8 ) 
 
 We fet out from the town on Tuefday at 
 noon and we encamped about four ndles 
 fromCamei-on after having marched fix miles. 
 
 From the 3d of .\pril till the 19th of the 
 fame month, this journal contains only the 
 march of the troops, and die junaion of a 
 detachment brought by capt. Stephens. 
 
 The 19th we met an exprefs, who was 
 charged with letters from capt. Trent on the 
 Ohio, requiring that a reinforcement mieht be 
 fent him widi all the expedition poffible, he 
 having had notice that a body of eight hundred 
 French was hourly expeded. I waited at Job 
 Pearfals for the troops, which came up the 
 next day On receiving the exprefs above- 
 mentioned I difpatched a courier to colonel 
 l^iy^ in order to give him notice thereof. ' 
 
 The 20th I went down to colonel Crefan*s 
 where I difpofed the detachment in a proper 
 order J and in my way I was informed of die 
 fort s being taken by die French. This news 
 was confirmed two days after, by captain 
 Trent s ejifign, M. Wart, who was obWed to 
 furrcnder himfelf to a body of above a thou- 
 sand French, under the command of captain 
 Conti-eccEur, who was come from Venane6 
 (m French the Frefq iflej with fixty battels 
 three hundred canoes, and eighteen pieces 
 of artillery which were eredled into a battery 
 facing the fort, and then fummoned him to 
 Withdraw. 
 
 M. Wart 
 
lefday at 
 Jr miles 
 ix miles. 
 I of the 
 )nly the 
 3n of a 
 
 3. 
 
 ho was 
 t on the 
 night he 
 ible, he 
 lundred 
 i at Job 
 up the 
 above- 
 colonel 
 ^f. ■ 
 >efan*s, 
 L proper 
 i of the 
 is news 
 captain 
 liged to 
 1 thou- 
 captain 
 enango 
 battoes 
 pieces 
 battery 
 him to 
 
 ( 119 ) 
 
 M. Wart informed me likewife that th^ 
 
 He aUo delivered me the following meffv^e 
 whieh was rent me by the H.]f !"„'??;' 
 ^pn/rS, 1754. at the fort of the Obh. ^^' 
 
 nc mif. King's fpcech. A belt for the li 
 ■'pernor of Virginia WPenfylvania. ^ 
 
 TDRothers, theEnglifh, tha bearer will let 
 
 fech'"^::j:SedT.orv,^^ 
 
 would come and ^T:' I'^^^ttl 
 ■theypropofeto behave towards ^s (I) 1 
 are ready to ftrike them even this iomenT 
 and we wait only fe your afliftance. Tat' 
 courage and come as>« ^, 'tis poMk and 
 J»« W//W». as ^AXdiffofed JTrke than 
 as you are yourfehes. ^ "" 
 
 animated againft the f" 1 '^' '"'' "'""" '^'^ 8"=^''y 
 
 ni''lirwh;chrFf "r^'T'^^f^'^f *= good- 
 
 'n"fcr a-Jd "c£l'''=^ ^T*"*^^ "f--^- 
 Enjlia. "ramumcatc this rcilution to th. 
 
 • Wart 
 
 Wf 
 
( 120 ) 
 
 We have fent thefe two young men in order 
 to fee if you are ready to come ; and in that 
 cafe they will return to us, and we will give 
 notice where you are j that we may have 
 it in our power to join you, we could wifh, 
 ifpoflible, that the troops of the two provinces 
 met at the fort on the road. If you don't 
 come to our affiftance now, we are utterly 
 undone: and I believe we fhall nevermore be 
 able to come together. I fpeak it in the 
 deepeft concern of my heart. 
 
 A firing of Wampum ^ 
 
 The Half-King addrefTed this fpeech to me 
 in perfcn. 
 
 I am ready, if you think it proper to go 
 with thefe two young men to the two gover- 
 nors J for I can no longer rely on thole who 
 have fo long been gone and are not returned, 
 nor have fent any meflage. 
 
 A firing. 
 
 April 23. A council was held at Will's 
 Creek, in order to concert meafures relative 
 to tlie news brought by M. Wart. 
 
 Examination being made of tlie news 
 brought by enfign Wart, and the fummons 
 fent by captain Contrecceur, commander of 
 the French troops : the meflages of the half 
 King, and the odier chiefs of the fix nations, 
 being perufed, it appears, diat M. Wart was 
 compelled to give up the aforefaid fort die 
 17th inflant to the French, whofe number 
 amounted to above a thoufandmen, with eigh- 
 teen 
 
( 121 ) 
 
 ^en pieces of artillery^.;, fome of which were 
 nine pouriders, which was the lefs>«o be won- 
 tiered at, as die detachment of the Virginia 
 regiment, amounting to a hundred and fifty 
 men, commanded by colonel Waihington; 
 had orders to reinforce captain Treht; and 
 
 t^Aut' ^- ^^^'^ °^ ^' ^^d fort cou- 
 fiftedbut of thirty-diree effedive men. " 
 .l,i2f ^^^"^ impradticable tomarch towards 
 thefortwithoutfufficientforces, and being very 
 warmlyprefled by themeffages of thefavage^ 
 andefpeaaUythofe of die Half king, die pre- 
 fident oropofed this as a fubjed of deUberadon, 
 
 Id "^JI^V^ "T^' "°* P^°P^»^ ^ advance as fa^ 
 isRedfbneCreek, caUed by die French, Creek 
 
 delarocherouge,uponMononghela,inFrench. 
 Malengueulee, about diirty feven miles from 
 tile fort on diis fide; and diere to fortify ouf- 
 telves, while our people were clearing up die 
 roads, fo as to admit dietranfporting ourartil- 
 dZ *^^^^ ' °^ *° ^^^ ^*^^^^ ^°^ "cw or- 
 
 It was refolved in die affirmative, for this 
 reafon : diatdie moudi of Red/lone river is die 
 mt convenient place on Mononghela river • 
 toatdic magazines defigned for the company's 
 ftores are jready to receive our ftores and t .rovi-, 
 fions i and diat occafionally, the heavy artillery 
 may be tranfported by water, in cafe we fhaU 
 
 (e) Capteun Trent and enfign Wart had greatlv ex- 
 agg^ted the French forces, wUh was natu^^Te/orh 
 w^P^i^k wno haa aDandoncd their fo^t on » bare fu£ 
 
 ^ think . 
 
(12% ) 
 
 think it con\«nicnt to attack the fort. More*" 
 over, this ViU guard our people againft the 
 evil confequences of inadbn, and may be ^. * 
 encouragement to the indians our allies, to ad- 
 here to our interefts. Upon this I determined on 
 fending M. Wart to the governor (J) with one 
 of the young favages, and an interpreter. I 
 thought h alfo incumbent upon me to inform 
 the governors of Maryland and Penfylvania of 
 of this news. I fent back the other Indian to 
 the Half King, with the fpeech' inferted in the 
 following letter. 
 
 3o the honourable Robert Dinwiddie, £/&} 
 1 Goveraer, General, &c. " 
 
 ?'. I'l'i 
 
 . Sir, 'itpA:' , . . 
 
 MWart, enfign in captain Trent's com* 
 . pany, is this day arrived from Mo* 
 rionghela, and has brought the melancholy 
 news of the furrender of the fort. the. 17th ini 
 ftant on the fummons made them by captain 
 Contrecoeur, at the head of a body of French 
 troops, confiftingof above a thouland men: 
 in his way from Venango, with eighteen 
 pieces of cannon, fixty battoes, and three 
 hundred canoes : and they have givm leave to 
 all our people to retire, widi all the working 
 tools J which was done the fame day. ; 
 
 Being dius informed of this news, I called 
 a council of war in order to confider of the 
 
 (/) The governor of Virginia. 
 
 moit 
 
( J2^ ) 
 
 moft proper meafures to be taken to thife dr 
 your rnon: partjca,„ ir^f^lZ'^ «• ^^ 
 
 to view our forcW^w^!'' t ¥' ^" '^"' 
 
 might exD«q^^™!?' • ''"°«' Ac time they 
 
 "gnc expect our coming. I fent hart ,kl 
 
 other ravage with fpeechl. * *^ 
 
 they AdUeS "' •?^ ^°S=' "« '"«'" «» 
 
 of 4o^; Kl^hVlt iStt^-^i 
 fome mortars for wenadoe. in °^ ^^/ ^"^ 
 
 who are to aiiemble on the ^hio. I^ that cafe 
 I beg you will caufe them to be rc^d ,^,^ 
 
 tions for 1 1 -"f "''''.?'^" ^'* «1« fixa- 
 tions, torlaminformedfromfeveral Darts thit 
 
 ^VA° i°°^ ""demanding amon&m 
 
it might occaiion a good deal of diforder, and 
 to end our difadvantage. 
 
 We arc fenfible of the great advantage of 
 a Walter carriage ; therefore I would beg the 
 favour of you to provide a number of canoes 
 for that purpofe. 
 
 Captain Trent's people are arrived this day. 
 They have been enlifted, by your orders, as 
 militia men. The officers had imprudently 
 promifed thcnx twenty-four pence a day : they 
 will not ferve at prefent for leis. M. Wart 
 will receive your orders on this fubje<St. 
 
 To kis. Excellency Horatio Sharp, ^fp g(^ 
 'pernor of MzryXdin^, 
 
 8lR, 
 
 T Arrived here with a detachment of an 
 * hundred and fifty men j colonel Fry, with 
 the remaining part of the regiment and th^ 
 artillery is daily expeded j in the mean time 
 we will crofs the mountains by eafy marches, 
 and cut ourfelves roads as we advance (g) ^ 
 ib as to render the tranfporting of our can- 
 non practicable. We propofe going to the 
 mouth of Redftone river, which falls into thp 
 Mono'ighela, about thirty-feven miles on this 
 fide of the fort which has been taken by the 
 f'rcnch, it being navigable to the Ohio. 
 
 (S) Hqwcpi^d theEnglifh pretend this country be- 
 longed to them ? Since they had nft even roads to con- 
 
 nged to th< 
 
 ^Ou %i«isa udoi ifisif colonies thitlier. 
 
 even roads to con- 
 
 Tbcre 
 
 Th 
 
 the C 
 contaii 
 
 Beii 
 there 
 which 
 is com 
 that fi 
 OUowj 
 in orde 
 
 Thii 
 half-kii 
 
 To the i 
 
 the S 
 
 frien 
 
 IHav 
 Bud 
 young 1 
 you. W 
 with h< 
 for youi 
 ipeech. 
 This 
 the plac 
 our arm 
 employe! 
 number 
 follow u 
 inunitio|] 
 
 fci- «_^ . 
 
( ^25) 
 
 ♦l,7ou? '^ ^ '"^gazine built at that place by 
 the Ohio company, which hereafter maj 
 contain our ftores and provifjons 
 
 Befides the French forces above-mentioned, 
 there IS reafon to believe from the reports 
 which we have received, that another party 
 IS coming totheOhio. We have alfo advic^ 
 ^at fix hundred Indians, Chippoways and 
 ynoways arc coming down the river Scioda 
 m order to rejoin them, 
 
 half ki^ ^^ ^^ ^"^^^^ *° ^^ Speeches of the 
 
 To the balf-king, to ths chiefs and 'warriors of 
 the Six Nations, chevanons and wohes, our 
 friends and our hot her s^ 
 
 I Have received your fpeech by brother 
 Bucks, who came to us with die two 
 young men in fix days after they had left 
 you. We return you our moft fincere thanks, 
 with hearts burning with affeiSion for you, 
 for your conftant attachment, your graciou* 
 ipeech, and your wife counfels. 
 
 This young man will acquaint you with 
 the place where he has met a fmall part of 
 our army drawing towards your forts j being 
 employed in clearing up die roads for a great 
 number of our warriors, who are ready to 
 foUow us witfi our heavy artUlery, our am- 
 inumnoo and prpvifions. 
 
 I cannot 
 
 i 
 
(126) 
 
 I cannot poftpone making our hearts 
 known to you. I therefore fend the young 
 man with this fpeech in order to acquaint 
 you therewith, having fent the other to the 
 governor of Virginia with your fpeech, and 
 and your belt j that he may be an eye-wit- 
 nefs of the preparations which we are mak- 
 ing, in order to come fpeedily to the affift- 
 ance of thofe, whofe interefts are as dear to 
 us as our hves. We acknowledge the cha^ 
 radter of the treacherous French; and our 
 condudt will evidently fhew how much we 
 ave that at heart. T 
 
 I /hall not be fatisfied unlefs I fee you, 
 before all our forces arc airemblcd at the fort 
 ^hich is on the way. Tis for this r.afon 
 that I earneitly wifh that you, belt and firing 
 ot Wampum, or at leaft one of you would- 
 meet us on the road, as foon as poffible, to 
 affift us jn counfcl. / prefent you thefe 
 ftrings to enforce my fpeech, that you may 
 call to mind how much / am your brother 
 and friend. 
 
 Signed Wafhington 
 or, Conotocarious. t 
 
 April 28. Received fome artillery which 
 were fent up to the moudi of Paterfon's 
 nver. 
 
 t This probably 'is an Indian name affumcd bvM! 
 
 irom 
 
.0'. 
 
 ( 
 
 1*7) 
 
 FromJprll 29, /;// May „, ,hU fou^Z 
 \ maltirs mi very interrejling. 
 
 nr^L"? "^^"y' '»'"^<= " detach. 
 
 la rorce J and his party layj and in cafe h^ 
 was in the ncighbo4o3d IL were J^ ^ 
 
 ihemLkewifetofearch carefuUythe fum^ 
 jng woods and to endeavour toLb fcmXf' 
 lingFrenchmaij and to bring him thTw, ^' 
 get fome bteUigehce , alfo t^i^,l^ 
 put whether 'tis poffible togo downX^ri^. 
 
 and to look <xu for feme contenienTpl^ aC 
 Ae mouth rf Redfone river to bmlS a feS 
 
 topayavriittothe half-king, and to^^d 
 hjm here with a imall efcon ^^ ^jJe 
 hljewife to get what irfbrmation ^^^ 
 rehtive to ^ French and theirThews: 
 what ^.hey had been doing, and wh«Xy 
 
 ginning rf Miyrd«a h^ " <£ l^T^^P'^ 'T 
 the favagej, 'wormetf of this by means of 
 
 Further 
 
 i- 
 
( 128 ) 
 
 further dcfigncd to d6 j t in (hort, to gather 
 whatever might tend to give us any inrorma- 
 tion. 
 
 12. We ftruck our tents and afcended an 
 eminence, where we halted in order to dry 
 curfelves ; having been obliged to crofs a rapid 
 riveri where the fmalleft of our men had 
 water up to their arm-pits. 
 
 An exprefs arrived with letters acquainting us^ 
 that colonel Fiy was with a detachment of up- 
 wards of an hundred men at Winchefter^ and 
 that in a few days he would fet out in order to 
 rejoin us } likewife that colonel Jnnis was on 
 his march with three hundred and fifty men^ 
 raifed in Carolina : That it was expected 
 Maryland would raife ten thoufand pounds 
 (equal to fifty thoufand and five hundred 
 iivres) to pay me foldiers of the other colonies j 
 by way of amends for its furnifhing no men ; 
 and that governor Shirley had fent ux hundred 
 men to harrafs the French in Canada. * 
 
 I hope this will give them Ibme employ* 
 ment -, and will damp that fpirit with which 
 they fend parties to the river Ohio. 
 
 16. We met two traders who told us they 
 had retired through fear of the French, of 
 whom parties were often feen towards M. 
 Gifh habitation. Thefe traders are of opi- 
 
 % If the Englifli were ignorant of the defigns of the 
 French ; it follows, that the orders which M. Wafh-^ 
 ington had to attack them, were not occafioned by an/ 
 Jioftiiities they had committed. 
 
 • Behold the Englilh, always attacking. 
 
 nioa 
 
 th( 
 
 
to ReJltonc livcr ♦-a^nagcs, from here 
 
 uincers, was arrived • thnt „r^ • i 
 Aejn im.ediate.y:t J t* ?^^^^^^ 
 york would jom us in lefs Aan ten days 
 
 greater number ,s expefted in a little imf 
 I^L'^.'^T *e;, will tl^en form a wTo" 
 "'"^ '"-£'"d iix hundred men , with which 
 
 S they 
 
■Ts 
 
 ii 
 
 they fay they will be able to bid defiance to 
 the Englifh. 
 
 1 8. The waters being ftill high, I could 
 not proceed with my people and my bag- 
 gage; which made me refolve on putting my 
 felf in a pofture of defence againft any im- 
 mediate attack § of the enemy j and to go 
 myfelf down to make my obfervation on the 
 river. 
 
 19. I diipatched to the half-king, the 
 young Indian returned with M. Wart, with 
 the following fpeech. 
 
 To the Half-King, &cc, 
 
 BROTHERS, I am rejoiced to hear of 
 your being on your march to affift me 
 with your counfels. Come on brothers; march 
 haftily towards your brother the Englilhman; 
 for he is going to receive new fupplies, which 
 will proted: you againft your treacherous ene- 
 my the Frenchman. I muft fend my friends 
 to you, that you may be informed of the 
 agreeabie fpeech which was fent you by the 
 governor of Virginia j he is much grieved at 
 the ill treatment which you have met with. 
 The waters are fo fwelled, we cannot repair 
 haftily to you; therfore I fend this young 
 man to invite you to come to us : he can 
 inform you of a great many things which he 
 has feen at Virginia, and the good ufage he 
 
 § That this pretended enemy was not defirous of at- 
 tacking, appears from the foregoing papers. 
 
 met 
 
 ing 
 
( '3' ) 
 
 MoDle'^rr l!' '"°'* ^""fidmble of the 
 
 heir Z •^°'^70<ir people who vifit them at 
 their fort; t they deny them viftuals • this 
 young m^ has had all 4heart could wfi, fo 
 As a confirmation of the truth of all thk i 
 give you a firing of Wampum. ' ^ 
 
 20. I embarlced on a canoe alonir wIA 
 heutenantWeit. three foldiers and an/ndhn 
 
 wereir^.^""? */ 'P^" °^ ^alf a n^e. we 
 were obliged to land : where I met with Peter 
 Suver a trader, who feemed to difcourage m^ 
 from purfuing niy fearch after a paffal Z 
 
 7h^n2" """^^ '"' '"^^ nay^nt^ntion 
 ot building canoes. I gave orders to 
 march, the waters being low%no„, h to pafi 
 over; notwithftanding. 1 ftiU contin"ued° W 
 down along the bank! of the river, andl^d^ 
 jng our canoes not fufficient to contain &x 
 men we ftopt and built a boat, by the mean^ 
 of which and our other canoes w^e got" the 
 Turkey-foot (m French, piede Uiudc;. a! 
 bout eight or ten mile, forwards, we met 
 with fcveral httle impediments vvhicli arlof 
 no confequence, unlefs the water, ihould 
 
 "tfor^nr'^"- ^•=H---'P-' 
 
 Robert ..obo's letter; wh.ch we tt2uec„:,„;... " "" 
 
 S« ■ 21, 
 
( 132 > 
 
 21. We fpent fome time in examining the 
 place which we found to be a very fit fituation 
 for a fort, being at the confluence of the three 
 branches, and meeting in moft places, with a 
 good foft gravel-flone foundation. The plan 
 as it Hands here, is as good as I could draw 
 it, without he help of inilruments. 
 
 We went about two miles to view die 
 courfe of the river, which is narrow, has 
 many currents, is rail of rocks, and rapid j 
 we crofs'a it notwithflanding the water was 
 pretty high : fion which I am apt to think, 
 tliat it would not be difficult to make it navi- 
 gable for canoes J though it would be attended 
 with fome trouble. 
 
 Beiides this, we met with other rapid 
 ftrcams ; but the water being lefs deep, and 
 the current more quiet, we pafTed them with 
 eafe. After this we found few or no bot- 
 toms J the mountains lie clofe to both banks 
 of the river. V/e went about ten miles lower 
 down J when we found ourfelves flopped by 
 a ftrcng current, which obliged us to land. 
 
 (From the 22nd to die 24th. the Journal 
 contains nothing but a, defcription of the 
 country.) 
 
 24. This morning arrived an Indian, ac-» 
 companied by the young Indian whom I had 
 fent to the Half-king, from whom he 
 brought the following letter. 
 
 & 
 
('33 ) 
 
 CC 
 
 cc 
 
 CC 
 C( 
 C( 
 
 cc 
 <c 
 
 €t 
 
 « 
 CC 
 
 cc 
 cc 
 
 To 
 
 To thefrjl of his Majefty's Officers ^hom this 
 may concern. 
 
 AS it is given out that the French 
 army ,s on its march, to meet M 
 George Waihington , I recommend to 
 you. brothers, to be on your guard againft 
 
 ftrJce the firft Englift they ftall fee . • 
 
 Th.^'Ji""""' '^y '" ^hat number. 
 The Half-kmg, and the reft of the chiefs 
 
 mv ii^"°'"°''''P'"''''"'' ''" defire. 
 my^^ a.mplunents to my brothers the 
 
 Signed 
 The Half ^ King. 
 
 I endeavoured to get as mucli information 
 as I could from thefe two young Indians as 
 to circumftances , but received not much fa- 
 tistaction from them. 
 
 They tell me there are parties frequently 
 out ; but they know of no confiderable ones 
 
 * This is a device of this Savage. It is proved M 
 Contrecarur remained at fort du C^uefne. Asto M 
 Jumonvj^le, he cannot be meant by this: f nee hi 
 iet out but the 2^d: we have ;,h« J r..i V~ "-'^— 
 
 coming 
 
( 134 ; 
 
 coming this way. || The French go on rail- 
 ing their ibrt. What is towards the land is 
 well inclofed, but the part towards the water- 
 fide is much neglecfled, or at leaft has no 
 defence ; they have but nine pieces of cannon, 
 and fome of thefe very fmall. There is none 
 of them mounted : two of them are on the 
 rock, and the others at fome diftance from 
 the fort on the land fide. 
 
 They report likewife, that they have fe- 
 veral fick among them, and that diey cannot 
 find favages to guide their fmall parties to- 
 wards our camp, thefe Indians having given 
 them a denial. 
 
 The fame day we arrived at the meadows, 
 where we met a trader; who told us he was 
 juft come from Mr. Gift's, where he had 
 feen two Frenchmen laft night, and that he 
 knew there was a ftrong detachment on its 
 march. This confirmed the advices of the 
 Half king ; I therefore caufed the troops to 
 retire behind two intrenchments which were 
 made by nature, and made alio the waggons 
 to go into the fame place. 
 
 The 25th I fent a fcouting party on horfe- 
 back along the roads, and levcial (;ther fmall 
 ones to beat up die woods. I gave directions 
 to the horfemen to fearch the country well, 
 and to endeavour at getting Ibme iiiteliio.ence 
 of the French j dieir forces, and the^r motions, 
 
 f Another proof'of the lyt contained in the letter. 
 
 <x;c. 
 
;o on rall- 
 le land is 
 he water- 
 l has no 
 f cannon, 
 e is none 
 re on the 
 ice from 
 
 have fe- 
 ;y cannot 
 arties to- 
 given , 
 
 ns 
 
 neadows, 
 s he was 
 he had 
 i that he 
 ;nt on its 
 23 of the 
 troops to 
 ich were 
 waggons 
 
 )n horle- 
 er fmall 
 irettions 
 :ry well, 
 :lii:^ence 
 notions, 
 
 letter. 
 &C, 
 
 out making any difeovery, although thev 
 WIS paity IS faid to be coming. 
 
 cohn'di"'""^ T'"!"'" J'"'''"' ^^P^^^ from 
 cdonel Fry i and a letter from colonel Fair- 
 tax who writes me word that the gover- 
 nor himfelf colonels Corbin and Ludmelt 
 
 ^"ITZU' '''''"t^^'- ''"d defired to 
 
 addrefs d him tome fpeeches. 
 
 27. Mr. Gift arrived early with an ac. 
 count, that M. la Force Jth fifty men 
 whofe tracks he had difcovered at Z. mfe 
 from this place, went yefterday to Us hM- 
 
 tauon; and that they would have killed a cow. 
 and demoUhed every thing at his dwelling 
 
 whom he had left the care of his houfe. I fent 
 away on the fpot, a detachment of fixty-five 
 men under die conmmand of captain liogg 
 lieutenant Mercer, and enfign '^^a Pero^f ' 
 ^ree Je,ea„ts, and three cor^aU .^ 
 
 The French had been making ereat en- 
 quiries at Mr. Gifts about the Half-kingri 
 did no fail g.ving notice thereof to fome 
 young Indians who were in our camp, whkh 
 
 deitff/'f"^'- I g-e the& to un- 
 derftand ^ that die French meant to kill the 
 
 ■* Itfeems an Impofture cofls M. W.fl,;„^.., ^^ 
 tiJiiig ; flue he takes nrM^ ;« :^ ' »'"" "^ 
 
 iie takes pride in it. 
 
 Half- 
 
( '36 ) 
 
 Half-king : they ofFered to go, on the foot, in 
 purfuit of the French with our people ; and 
 in cafe th6y had infulted or killed him, one 
 of them was immediately to repair with the 
 news to the village of Mingo, and raife the 
 warriors to ftrike. One of thefe young men 
 was detached towards Mr. Gift's fettlement, 
 and in cafe he did not meet with the Half- 
 Jting at that place, he was to fend him a 
 Ipeech by a Delaware. * 
 
 About eight in die evening /received an ex. 
 prefs from the Half- king, acquainting me that 
 as he was coming along to join us, they had 
 4ilcovercd along die roads the tracks of two 
 men, who defcended into a dark bottom : that 
 pe unagined the whole party was concealed in 
 pie fame place. That moment I fent out a 
 party of forty men. / orderered my ftores 
 to be hid, left this might be a ftratagem of 
 the French to attack our camp. / left a 
 guard for their defence ; and with the remain- 
 der I fet out myfelf in the midft of a very 
 heavy rain ; the night being as dark as pitch, 
 and along a padi fcarce large enough for 
 one man : we often went aftray, and were 
 i a'^ °'* ^^^ minutes, before we could 
 iind out the road again j and we often 
 knocked our heads together without feeine 
 each other We continued our march thi 
 whole night J and the 28di about fun-rife, 
 
 * This is the name of an Indian nation. 
 
 wc 
 
he fpot, In 
 jople; and 
 I him, one 
 r with the 
 id raife the 
 ^oung men 
 fettlement, 
 _ the Half- 
 end him a 
 
 vcd an ex- 
 ig me that 
 
 they had 
 ks of two 
 ttom : that 
 ncealed in 
 fent out a 
 my ftores 
 itagem of 
 
 / left a 
 e remain- 
 of a very 
 : as pitch, 
 lough for 
 and were 
 we could 
 we often 
 ut feeing 
 arch the 
 
 fun-rife, 
 
 ion. 
 
 ( '37 ) 
 
 after we had hdd a council with the Hal? 
 king, we agreed to ftrike together. In con' 
 fequence of this, he fent a couple of fcouw 
 to fee whereabouts Aey were, and i,, wh«t 
 pofture. and to reconnoitre die neighbomW 
 groHnds. After diis we made our difpofS 
 .n. order to furround them J and wfS 
 our march ,„ the Indian manner, one ,Sr 
 another. We had advanced pretty „e"r than 
 according to our fyftem, .hen^ Ify SS 
 us. / then gave orders to my troop to fire, 
 Mue was fupported by diat of M. Wa«f 
 
 French, during the beft part of AatoMeZ 
 ment, wh,ch held but a Quarter of Xv. 
 before the enemy was routed. 
 
 n.Z^ "^'l-l- ^- '^^ ^■"""ville th« com- 
 mander of this party, with nine others: w 
 wounded one, and made twenty-one prifoners. 
 a^nong whom were M. de la Force, M 
 Dro^iUon. and two Cadets. The Mans 
 folped d>e dead, and took moft of tbeiTarms! 
 fnj * • "^^ "'"■';''"" ^'* *e prifoner^ 
 
 wdr^l' ^"-"k f^ *" "'"P °f *« Indians ) 
 _wh?re I again held a corncil with the Hajf- 
 
 t It is then certain the Englith had orders to attack. 
 § M, Waihingeon is not fuch a M as to be fincera 
 lower down, -how he labouri to juftifv himfelf- Z 
 
 ^ king. 
 
king. Here I acquainted him that the go- 
 vernor defired to fee him, and expefted him 
 at Wincheftcr. His anfwer was; that 
 was impoffibic for the prefent; his people 
 being in too imminent a danger from die 
 French, whom they hadjuftftruck. t That 
 It was neceflary he ihould fend couriers to all 
 the allied nations, to invite tfiem to take up 
 theHatchet ; which he did : and added there- 
 to a French fcalp which he f-nt to the Dela- 
 wares by one of dieir young people. This 
 man defired to have a part of the prefents 
 which were defigned for them ; and that the 
 reft might be kept for another occafion. He 
 propofed to himfelf to return to his fa- 
 mily j in order to condua them and feveral 
 others towards M. Gift's fettlement, wherd I 
 was to fend fome horfcs and men to afTift 
 their coming to the camp. After this / fet 
 out with die prifoners ; they informed me that 
 they had been fent widi a warning to caufe 
 me to withdraw. This was a fpccious pre- 
 text trumped up in order to difcoverour camp n 
 and take a yiew of our forces, and our fitua- 
 tion. Their defign of reconnoitring us wa» 
 fo evident, tliat I could not help admirino' 
 
 t The French then were dreaded onlv becaufe it was 
 gcknowlepged that they had been attacked i and th*t 
 tJicy mult have had their revenge. 
 
 B The only hoftility with which the French are re- 
 proached, IS therefore an attempt to reconnoitre the 
 enemy, who was in march, and had orders to attack 
 
 their 
 
... _ ( '39 ) 
 
 fteir affurance, j„ declaring to me they we« 
 
 were, to take a view of the roads, rivers and 
 Ae county aU the way to Potomacfc? n'ftead 
 
 lecrecy, and feefc the moft hidden places 
 
 able fr^f i"^' f"^ ™"* ""^^ f"^^ 
 encamn !„ 1?" i*'" ambafladors; they 
 whor^H^l '^ P^"' they remain there 
 five miletrf '°"T''''; *°"g'' f-"' within 
 
 M^t^:/te^ 
 
 whLas f K "''"^i"' "" """baflador. 
 
 whofe Vw^A "•'"*, ''"'' "" Ambaffador. 
 
 whenthdrn r " ^^T^*"^> °f *'« 
 wiien their defigns were fo good, how iam« 
 
 SertoS l"^.'"^^''^\'f was natural to fuoimon 
 
 T ^ they 
 
( H^ ) 
 they id remain two days witliin five miles of 
 us (^^7J,without communicating to mc the fum- 
 xnoii , or any thing that had a relation to this 
 cmbafly ? This alone would belbflicientto give 
 the ftrongeft fufpicions j and it is but doing 
 them jufticc to fay, that their defign being to 
 conceal themfelves, they could not have 
 pitched upon a better j)lace. 
 
 The fummons is fo infolent, and favours 
 fo much of gafconade, that if two men came 
 and brought it openly, it were exceflive indul- 
 gence (h) to luffer them to go back. 
 
 The Half-King's fentimcnt (c) on this 
 occafiou is, that they had bad dcfigns 
 and that it was a mere pretext -, that they 
 Jit vci dtfigncd to come to us but as enemies, 
 and that had we been fools enough to let 
 them go, they never would have affifted us 
 more in taking Frenchmen. 
 
 1 hey pretend they no fooner faw us, 
 than they called out to us; which is abfolutely 
 lalfe i for 1 was at the head of the body that 
 
 Hisbufinefs was to give notice of his fteps to him who 
 had fent him i that he might take his meafures in. cafe 
 the Enghlh Ihould refufe complying with the requifition 
 that whj made them. 
 
 » ^^JJ^' ^'' J"'"^"^''"^ was thorougljly ignorant of the 
 tnglifh being w:thin five miles of him. 
 
 ^(h) Another fort of apology which indicates only rc- 
 Inories. •' 
 
 (() What an authority is here ? 
 
 imrchc4 
 
 marchc 
 
 that th 
 
 ran to 
 
 which 
 
 The 
 
 Hall-K 
 
 almoft 5 
 
 expedte* 
 
 follow t 
 
 an expn 
 
 reinforc< 
 
 After 
 
 me, anc 
 
 I confide 
 
 ants on 
 
 I told th 
 
 gave the 
 
 The ; 
 
 Spindorp 
 
 to Wind 
 
 Being 
 
 defeat w 
 
 than we ] 
 
 forces, I 
 
 palifade. 
 
 June ] 
 King: th 
 Jumonvil 
 was fent < 
 and kill aJ 
 
 id) A pall 
 
 tr- 
 
marched towards them and I can afUrm, 
 that they no footier had fpied us than thev 
 ran to heir arms, without calling out to us : 
 which I muft have heard had they done it ^ 
 hJi Ki? ^.fPf ^^^J«"%n Latourto the 
 Hall-King, with about twenty-five men and 
 almofl an equal number of horfes : and a. T 
 expedted that lome other French parties ^vou1d 
 follow the one that was defeated; I fent away 
 an exprefs to colonel Fry in order to have a 
 reinforcement.. * 
 
 After this the French wanted to fpeak with 
 me, and dcfircd to know upon what footing 
 I confidered them, whether as being attend- 
 
 iZaZ '" .''"^^^^^^^^ «r prifoners^of war. 
 I told them It was in this latter capacity , and 
 gave them my reafons as above. ^ ^ ^ '"^ 
 
 The 3otb I detached M. Wart and M. 
 Spindorph, in order to condudt the prifoners 
 to Wmchefter underan efcort of twenty men. 
 
 Being apprehenfive that the news of this 
 defeat would no fooner reach the French 
 than we fbould be attacked with confiderable 
 
 alifade ^^^" '° ^'^'^ ^ ^""^ "^'^^ ^ ^"^^^ 
 
 June I, arrived a trader with the Half, 
 
 King : they fay that at the fame time M. de 
 
 Jumonville had been fent here, another party 
 
 rj t if fiT i^'r^''. ^^-^ ^" order to taki 
 and kill all the Enghfli tliey ihouJd mtet. 
 
 Wd 
 
 (d) A palpable falCiood, 
 
Wc finiih our fort. 
 
 Towards the evening arrives M. Touvcrs. 
 enfign, with the Half-Aing, the Queen Al- 
 guipa (a) and about five and twenty or thirty 
 tamihes, amounting to about eighty or an 
 
 , 'i f'^J'^'^''"^ ^°*"«" «nd children in- 
 cluded. The old king (b) being invited to our 
 tents, tells me he has fcnt Monokatoocha to 
 Logftown vyith a firing, and four French 
 Icalps, which were to be fent to the fix na- 
 tions, to the Owendo's, &c. in order to give 
 them notice, that they had ftruck the French, 
 and define their afiiftance in the fupport of 
 the nrft blowk ■ 
 
 He gave me alfo to underftand he had 
 fomething to offer to the council, but that he 
 would poftpone what he had to fay till the 
 arrival of the Chavanons, whom we expeded 
 the next day. '^ 
 
 The 2d arrived two or three families of 
 the Shawanons and Wolves. Prayers wer- 
 read in the fort. 
 
 ^ The 3d the Half King calls a council, and 
 informs me of his having received, fome time 
 fince, a fpeech from the Great Kettle, in an* 
 fwer to that he had fent him. 
 
 The 5th, arrived an Indian from the Ohio 
 who had gone lately to the French fort: he 
 brings coLfirmation of the news of the taking 
 
 ^Ja) The wife of a favage, created queen by theEng^ 
 
 (b) Another favage chief, 
 
 • . _r 
 
 •I 
 
tnTta r 1 •'y *'/""=h. and Ae!r being 
 
 nu« of^l " ^ ?"""''• ""'' '^"t "P A= ave- 
 nues of their fort by means of very large trees 
 Eigh Indian families from this fide Ae ri"; 
 
 FrencT"\'°rr'' ''''''"»« °"= ofZ 
 French, who liad made his efcape from M 
 
 wa k* bul h^"^.T ""^^ '''™°" """We to 
 r"^ntof,l"- K '■' Vp*^"' « he was ig„o- 
 rantof their having been ftruclc. ^ 
 
 me^thl^f'S"' ;"""''*' ^' ''^^"aint, 
 
 TmniT C"^^"*'' "'* arrived all fafe 
 St'*"' "'"'^'^ save the governor great 
 
 I am alfo informed, that M. iWc.our ^ri 
 
 s coming with a commiffion to command 
 
 two hundred Indians. "imana 
 
 l,!,^;i!^''* ™" a French deferter. who affured 
 him th«r were but five hundred ftrong, when 
 Aey took M. Warts fort, and that dil num- 
 
 mu two hundred foldiers. who waited only 
 j-oin us opportunity to come away J 
 
 . The 9th the laft divifion of the Virginia re- 
 giment arrived under die command of cob- 
 
 d'lJ^^'liV^l?.^''" ¥'."":^ of „I,om„,e„,io„, 
 ^. ..,, „.,„,„j^^;jirj,- 0, i„^ iingiyj, traders. 
 
 nel 
 
( H4 ) 
 
 nel Miift. We are informed that the indc- 
 pendent company of CaTPliiia is. arrived at Will's 
 Creek. 
 
 The I oth I regeived the regiment ; and to^ 
 wards the evenino; / had notice that fome 
 French wer? coming towards us : on this I 
 fent feme Indians to beat up the grounds to- 
 wArds Gi/s habitationi i^ hopes to diicovering 
 them, and finding out their number. In diq 
 beginning of the night we had an alarm, but 
 it proved a falfe one. 
 
 . The 1 2th two of the fcoufs whom wc had 
 fent out yeft^rday returned, having fpied a 
 Imail party of French j the others went on to 
 Stuart's. Upon hcaiing this I judged it ad>^ 
 vifeable to fet out with the major part of the 
 regiment, in order to fall in with thefe ninety 
 men, whom we had notice of j in confe- 
 quence of this refolution I gave colonel Muft 
 orders to remove all our baggage and 
 military ftores, to lodge them in the fort, 
 and to port a ftrong guard on them till fuch 
 time as I returned. I let out myfelf^at 
 the head of an hundred and thirty men, and 
 about thirty favages , but at the dillanee of a- 
 bout balf a mile I met with the other Indians, 
 who told me this party confifted only ot nine 
 deferters; then I lent M. Montour with feme 
 Indians, in order to condud them iafe. I 
 ordered them cloaths, and they confirmed our 
 conjedure, as to thedefign of the party com- 
 manded by M. de Jumonville, and diat there 
 : . are 
 
( HS) 
 Me above one hundred foldiers who wait only 
 for a ftvouraWe opportunity to come and iol^ 
 "s- Ihat M. de Contrecceur expefted a re. 
 ^feement of four hundred men : and tS 
 thefe four hundred Ihould have arrived fome 
 timebeforc theblowgiven tola Force ThaVthe 
 fort was complete, that the gates and Ae front 
 th«-eof were fcreened from any artilW ha 
 
 Mat they have but eight fmall pieces of canon 
 and that they Icnow our numlir. ' 
 
 Sift ..^^""^k"'^'^ '■*^" "P 'he hatchet 
 %amft us: on which it was refolved to invite 
 
 c"!„% 1."^"°°' '° a conference at M. Gifts 
 Thr,*th ?"f°'"r *?f"!S'" -<» B^lt- 
 
 SrSSgtert?'^*^'*''^^'^'" 
 
 n,s Utter is mt in the journal. 
 ^5- Ordered the people to work at tl« 
 
 1 6- We fet out for the red river and w,- 
 were under great embaraffments? our wa^ 
 gons having broke down feveral times ^ 
 
 K\ll' } °Y^t^^ «" expreis to the Half 
 
 which he has done as r expected. 
 
 ti) How is fhjs nf„^— j; . 
 
 u 
 
 % to DCjUUifitdf 
 
 i8.At- 
 
( H6 ; 
 
 1 8. Arrived eight Mingos from Logs-town, 
 who immediately on their arrival talk to me of 
 a commiffion which they are entrufted with, 
 and fay that a council muft be called. Being 
 met, they faid in a few words, that they had 
 often wifhed to fee their brothers in the field with 
 their forces, and begged we would not think 
 ill of them, for that being among the French, 
 they conformed with fome of their cuftoms : 
 that they were naturally inclined to ftrike the 
 French, and feveral other things to that piT- 
 . pofe : after this they told us, they had brought 
 a fpeech, and that they muft fet about it im- 
 mediately. That, with fome thing elfe, ^ave us 
 Ibme fulpicion of their being ill difpoTed to- 
 wards us J and it was for thisreafon I poftponed 
 fivin^them audience, until the arrival of the 
 lalf King. I defired alfo the Delawares to 
 have patience until the fame time, as I waited 
 only for their arrival to call a council, and that 
 I reckoned on their arriving that very day. Af- 
 ter the eight Mingos had withdrawn from their 
 council, they fent me fome ftrings of wampum, 
 to defirel w ouldexcufe their being in fuch hafte 
 'to deliver their fpeech j but that they were fen- 
 fible it was juft to wait the arrival of the Half 
 King. 
 
 1 he Half King being arrived, I confented 
 to give them audience. A council was held 
 to that purpofe in the camp : at which were 
 prefent the Half King, and feveral Iroquois, 
 Wolves, Shawanons, to the number of forty. 
 : ^ The 
 
ginia '"'"'' '° *" S°^«™''^ °i' Vif- 
 
 ," Brothers,, ''■*• 
 
 wni.w *7"7^^^e i'ito pieces by you. We 
 
 thereof. fZl T ^"^ '"^^'"^ ourfelves 
 
 m^reof , imce you know verv well K.J 
 
 We know the French on our return «,;ii 
 aik us. In what nun.be,. are our b"t^c^ Xm 
 we have been to vffit ? We therefore by th™ 
 
 Sr and whl ^°" "''P'^'-^-' '^■•'i"ft what 
 ume, and when you p,opofc to attack the 
 
 French , t^t we may advife our villa. Lre! 
 of, ^« know what we may f^ to X 
 
 U 
 
 Answer; 
 
( 148 ) 
 Answer. 
 Brothers,, we are i;Iad to fee you, arid very 
 ferry you fhould be difturbed by any reports 
 tending to make you believe the En^lifli defi^n 
 doing any harm to any one of you or your al- 
 hes. This news, wc fee, has been forged hy 
 the French man, who is a traytor, and ready 
 to affirm the greateft falfhoods a) whenever 
 he thinks it can be oi fervice to him. He has 
 a fine tongue, promifes the fineft things, but 
 all this IS from die Jips only j while his heart 
 Contains nothing but corruption, and die poifbn 
 6f the ierpent. You have been their children, 
 and they would have done, to be fure, every 
 diihg for you J but they no fooner fancied 
 themfelvef f bong enough then they have natu- 
 rally re^ffumed their haughty airs, haVe driven 
 you out of your own counti^, and declared 
 you had nothing on the Ohio (6}. The Englifh, 
 
 • {"^ ^f*?"? ^M' has been feen above, itwiU be eafv to 
 ;udge which of the two are the better entitled tothis re- 
 
 which M. Walhington confeffes his having had ricourfe 
 to, in order to provoke the rerentmentoFthe favaces, mav 
 convey an idea of the methods employed by the^nghS 
 vSj c u ^'^ ^•'■"f>' ^^^ ^'■°^"°'^ "eve*- inhabit^ the 
 
 I'tut ?L K yll ^^T' "^^° *^ ^' ^" P^*^"'^ tp 
 i Vu, /■' . "^^'^^' ^'^° ^n America caU them their 
 faithlul fnends ar.d aUi. s. endeavour to perSthem 
 
 ftad With ^he .ava^es on the Ohioi and in Europe they 
 
 Tf which h"' " Tl 'T'^y ''^^°"g'' to England, 
 Of which they pretend the Iroquois are ^ibjea?, 
 
 who 
 
of Virginia and P^ySj^*,^! ^'^"■'^*' 
 lands, to guard vout tL^T^ f ^<^'' 
 
 lAriinefsm which the SrihsoS^ n!!i,l *" 
 "ow employed: 'tis fo^tl^"8"* *« 
 ■ women and children th^ wt flilT^ °i,^°"' 
 Ae true motive of our rertdTfl-Tv ' "' ^'^ « 
 reaionabiy doubt f^ni^^^^'^^' )?**»"««' 
 join us td fi^ht ,h?!r~"*'^>^'-'ft*«rt.m 
 
 Aeconlequenr^^J^'o^^^^^j^^-fer 
 Aers may embrace the tmrt^, Z. ft,' ?"^^'*°- 
 to them moft proper ^^ *"* '''**PP«» 
 
 The fix nations are tKnfr *k.** 
 b' concerned in thifwSf ^'"ft^^.t""'™!: 
 
 :;etefer;r.r4~^ 
 
 to feed vour ftS* h?"- "^ ''^^ are ready ' 
 
 Jf) Wharf b.h«tdrterH|S^J°r^^^'>"'PJ?-n. 
 it.adc Oil 1* ranee ? a prote(^in„ ^7 "' '^ r''^'' ^'"^^ 'S 
 liave nevw cpmpJaincT "' '^^ ^^c Iroquois, w^a 
 
.(, ISO ; 
 
 defired they ihpuld be ient him, that he might 
 behold diem with his own eyes, fed and cloadi- 
 ed to their mind : but as you cannot prevail on 
 ypurfelves to fend them to him, we are ready 
 to fhare wid^ you, in a friendly manner, our 
 provifions j and we fhall take proper mcafures, 
 and give orders, that a fufficient quantity bs 
 brought wherewithal to maintain and cloath 
 your women ^nd children. From this condud: 
 it i^ evident, how much grqater is the efteem 
 which die Englirh bear their faidiful allies (a) 
 the fix 'nadons, than diat which the French 
 beajrs them. As we have drawn the fword in 
 your defence, and for ypur caufe, delay not a 
 moment longer to putyour women and chili!i-en 
 un4^r our protedion i there they will find, a- 
 bu;;idance pf provifions. At the fame time let 
 your young men and warriors fet about whet- 
 ting die^ hatchets in order to join us, and 
 unite themfelves to" us vigproufly in our batdes. 
 Brothers, the prefent wfich I offer yoy, is not 
 fo confiderabie as I could naturally wiflii but 
 I exped in a little time to receive a threat quan- 
 tity of marchai^ife, which I fliall Kave at my 
 di^ofal, to reward thofe who will crive proofs 
 of their valour and adivity on this occafion. 
 For the refl I will reward them in the moil 
 generous manner. 
 
 (a) In Europe the great argument urged by the Englifh 
 in prooi" of their title to the country fituated beyond the 
 Apalachian n^ountains is, that the Iroquois are their fub- 
 jefts? How is that ccniiftent with the reafons which 
 they ava.l them.clves of in Amierica, when they fpeak 
 to tiie Iroquois i 
 
 try, ' an 
 hearts c 
 be enat 
 ments t 
 nor of \ 
 rity anc 
 of wam 
 The; 
 The 
 were fu( 
 refts, th; 
 of their i 
 neceflary 
 lanfw 
 it was in 
 licitation; 
 to their a 
 reinftate 
 which th 
 them. ' 
 
 That a 
 ance, in 
 allies, I ir 
 felves und 
 and childr 
 Upon t 
 quilt on d] 
 
 (f>) During 
 of the F/cnch 
 rancc with w 
 ^cm they we 
 
('51 ) 
 Take courage, brothers, refcue yo„r coun-' 
 tor, and fecure it for your children! lay your 
 
 be enabled to g.ve an account of your fenti 
 mems toyourgrcatfriend and brother thUov'lr 
 nor of Virginia As an affurance of myl^ncel 
 my and my efteem, I prefeftt you 4 "bd 
 
 Ot wampum. . : :■;;/ 
 
 Tu^ !5",N Another council. 
 
 r Pl^^^es no fooner found that thev 
 
 refts, than they defired to know the reafon 
 of their having been fent for, and what «^s 
 "'S^*'"*'" %on theirretTr^" *'' 
 
 reinftate .hem in V\' t^ZnXjtL^ 
 whjch Ae Frenchman "had taken aw"; from 
 
 ancl''!n'ri ^"^ ''r'* °^'/" '^'^""^ ™^ ««5ft- 
 
 al les, I invited th.m to come and put them- 
 
 lelves under our proteitinn v^:>k ^i, • 
 
 and children. ^°'^^'°"' ™* *'-'='■• ^™mell 
 
 quihCthe'fl*' 'i'T''-^'^'"-^^ ftre'chcdhis . 
 quut on the floor, and on tliis quilt iic placed 
 
 of the f":!"! 1,^^:^ "='"■-'-« 'ook .he par. 
 "n.e with „|v TZf ^li .""'" "''""^ ''' "f ^"■u- 
 
 fevcr 
 
feveral Mte and ftrings of wampum In the Cf- 
 
 der tie had received them in from the French. 
 
 Here are repcajUed thefpeeches of M. Con- 
 
 IT^^A ^'^ ^^>Wch the Delawar fpeaker 
 addreffed me tfee foJlowing fpeeches. 
 " Brothers, 
 The goverflors ^ Virginia , nd Penfvlvama 
 we your brothers the D^aware^ recdfcl 
 feaiy the treaty of|^ftown, where you and 
 ym, wiqiqs tbe ^x nations, taW iito coi^ 
 fidei^Mqn t^ b^d Htuatiqn we were in on 
 acq^tof qur wanting a man to be at our 
 iae^d ^<x>ndu<a v»s, gave vis a king, and told 
 us he .would tranfadt in aU publkk matVe^ 
 between ypu.^nd us r^;. You recommended 
 ^1? 1"? ^"^ S*''^ '^^^ ^ »J1 the idle rumours 
 which fhou^^ fpread,hut to confult ouTown 
 
 cS/trn^ff^'^y^"' ^^ We not given 
 credit to all ^de reports ; nor ihall we ever 
 
 give any credit to fuch , but that we will be 
 
 led by you, our brothers, and by our uncles die 
 
 fix nations^ and do on every gccafion, what 
 
 ^all bejuft, and what you U\ advife' uTto! 
 
 As an afl ranee of our difpofition to fulfil our 
 
 engagements with you, we prefent you this 
 
 rO Major Waftington does not mention in his rour 
 nal what thefe fpeeches of the French were wi h I 
 undoubtedly good reafons for fupp'ffitgXm. ""' ^'' 
 
 vliLu^'^H ''. ^' '^^"^ ^'^'^ P'^tended King that the 
 Enghfli have derived fo many acquifitions }^^^^^ ^"^ 
 
 
" Uncles, 
 
 f-mm 'V^''^""" ^'>^ ^"^^ ^^ ^ave received 
 from tJie council of Onondaeo this Mt 
 
 f Ae Sjfquehana, where he has prenare,) 
 
 commg ,o blows on the river Ohi^ and 
 
 Wmt ?teirus"''U"hT''"'''^' '■".'^ -'" 
 us to keen ftft h u %* 1 '■f^ommended to 
 
 ZT ,^^uf L ** °^ *^ •^''^'n of friend. 
 ft.p, which has been a long while, fubmL 
 
 between us, h:m, and our brother; the Eng! 
 
 ; A Belt. 
 
 After this the Delawares fpoke to the Chf 
 vanons as follows. i'"''^ ro me Che- 
 
 ^ ." Grand 
 
r 154 ; 
 
 ** Grand children, by this ftrinfr wc take 
 you in our arms, and we withdraw you 
 from the place you are now at on the Ohio, 
 and we carry you along with us to live where 
 wc live, and where you and wc may live in 
 peace and tranquillity. 
 
 After this the council adjourned to the next 
 day in the morning. 
 
 The 2 1 ft we met very early, when I im- 
 mediately fpoke to the Delawares in the fol- 
 lowing manner. 
 
 Brothers, by your open and generous con- 
 dudt on this occafion, you have become dearer 
 to us than ever : we tfiank you for not going 
 to Venango upon the firft invitation of the 
 Frenchman; and his childifh treatment of 
 you, has raifed in us a juft and warm refcnt-' 
 ment j he calls you his children and talks to 
 you in reality, as if you were children, and 
 had not more fenfe than children. Weigh 
 well, brothers, and compare all their fpeeches 
 together, you will find, that every thing they 
 contain may be reduced to this ; I am going 
 to clear your eyes, open your ears, and fuch 
 like futilities ; fuch as are made ufe of to 
 amule children withal. You will likewife 
 obferve, brothers, that if they give their word 
 or make a promife, and confirm it with a 
 belt, diey think themfelves no longer obli- 
 gated thereby, dian they efteem it their intereft 
 to keep it. They have^jgiven an inftance of 
 this, whichl am willing to obiervc to you, in the 
 ■ 1 
 
 icrau 
 
*'•» ought, brothers 1°?'?"^'' '" '^'"'•^ 
 Ae moft uft inT • '"^P"" yo" witJi 
 
 '° .% ho/dltfroU"e '"'"^^ ^"" 
 which we offer to you Zin °f^l'«""«y 
 [«J"eft to affift you bv wK^ ,'=°'"'-" « y°"' 
 have it in your ^, ^ ""^'' "'«'">s you 
 
 come forwards. ^ *^" *«/ had 
 
 A String of Wampun,. 
 
 of them who aTvn"''';'u'"''''^Vead 
 
 were not f»fi°v?T-'*'"- '*"«y 
 much they defe^e it h^V"^" ""'"^^ ^"^ 
 endure towardrL ^ '^eir unjuft pro- 
 
 fi'fpeathatXv.r'^?"' "'^y '^o"'J Aey 
 tKeytalcefotK:::^"''^''' "V AoalS 
 giving credit to wS,T wilfT"? •^" *■""» 
 them? As to whaTAey'^^i,^:/^'' ^§"-1 
 
 X^^<hce.ourco„duaL:^":^llCrar 
 
 ,*':^ra:«r;het.th.y^ 
 
 be liidr and leaffu''" ""t"'"^hat might 
 friendftip; ^^i™^' ''""'' "^ our brotherly 
 your wo!L;„"':na"'--- ^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 X 
 
 *•" taiic re- 
 
 fu 
 
 ge 
 
r 156 ; 
 
 fugc under our protcdion, and between our 
 arms, where you will be plentifully main- 
 tained } while your warriors and your young 
 people will unite with ours, and efpoufe the 
 common caufe. 
 
 iay t 
 
 the.S 
 
 T( 
 
 a coi 
 
 told V 
 
 A String. 
 
 We return you our hearty thanks, bro- 
 thers, ior your declar ition j . that you are in 
 a determined refolutl.ni to fulfill the engage- 
 ments you have entered into, by the treaty of 
 Loo flown. X And we cannot help applaud- 
 ing your generous conduct towards your 
 ^rand -children the Shawaneie. It gives us 
 infinite pleafure. 
 
 We are greatly obliged to Onondago for the 
 advice he has given j to keep fafl hold of the 
 chain of frienBfhip which ties U8. I dare 
 fay, if he had known how nearly this war 
 concerns you j or that it was for your fakes, 
 and at your requefl II that we have taken up 
 arms, he would have commanded you to de- 
 clare yourfelves, and to proceed without de- 
 
 t What this Treaty of Logftown is, we do not knowr. 
 What may be colkaed from this Journal relative there- 
 to IS J that it was concluded by a man whom the Eng- 
 3ifh had appointed to be their King ; and of whom of 
 courfe, they muft have been very certain. 
 
 R Why fo many repetitions of the fame thing ? unlefs 
 becaufe M. Wafhington apprehended, the Delaware* 
 would not believe a titde of it, 
 
 • lay 
 
 Aft 
 treach 
 Frenc] 
 ed bac 
 fome ( 
 the Fr 
 own fc 
 
 As 
 
 dred I 
 
 who tl 
 
 force d 
 
 Half k 
 
 order tc 
 
 ter; no 
 
 news h 
 
 of the c 
 
 diipatch 
 
 up, wit 
 
 get inf 
 
 fhould n 
 
 any thin: 
 
 to return 
 
 . § It viras 
 nication v 
 whofc Jette 
 
, J°^onunccyou of my affeflion. and as 
 
 told you i I prcfcnt you this belt. 
 
 Gave two large Strings. 
 
 After this the council brolce up • a ,d .r,.r. 
 treacherous devils who had bee'n Ve . I,.'.' it 
 French m order to make obfervations , \„ 
 ;i'"'^.V "°' being however unprov d^ wl" 
 
 .hr;rtch"'"i'"pr'' ""r^^*"' "> ^fe 
 
 dredVre7clM^r'^'= " T <^' «««» hun. 
 who dievtU ^''"". ''""'''•'='' Indians, 
 
 Half Icing. :o t/^U'l^ff^^t 
 
 te^ ": ''!= '"/-"^d of the trutS ofKa^^ 
 ter; notwithftandine /was nf „„.•■?: 
 
 news hadnootherUdlL'^'fflSi: 
 of the common foldiers TuJ^ i J- '^ 
 
 dirpatchedpHvatet^^rforl'^t^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 ^^ rtm°at^ ^'f T^'^ ^P 
 Should meet Ae^. and if^h."r(^'n .^^^ 
 any thing worth wh^ L^^f £.""■" 
 to return while the cwoith^^l^S^^red 
 
 on 
 
( '58 ) 
 qivtheir journey to Venango, and round the 
 whole" . '° ^"^^ informed of the 
 
 I prevailed alfo on King Schingu& to keep 
 fcouts out on the river, in ordir to give us 
 news m cafe of the approach of any French. 
 I gave him a letter which he was to fend me 
 by his Runners, to prevent being irapofed on 
 
 ; or receiving falfe alarms. Although we had 
 Ta rt"^^'^ '? perfuading King Shingu^s. 
 
 < Wd theother antient Dekwares, tolake (hete 
 
 • W, Wr cwnp widj.their families, becaufe thev 
 
 • »tpod in great awe of the councU of Onondago; 
 yet they gave us the ftrongeft affuiances of 
 
 VnA u- I ""'' «o go about attaining 6ur 
 " W, V'^^"^ was to have in readinefs a great 
 War-belt, m . order to invite thofe wholere 
 wilW_to receive It, and aft independently 
 oi their king and the council. King SchinCTe's 
 
 means to bnng this matter to bearj though 
 he durft not appear in it openly. ^ 
 
 The very day the council broke up, I pre- 
 vailed on Raquehuft.n a Delaware,^ on 
 whom I could depend, to carry to the fort a 
 etter which the French defeers had writ 
 
 Itruaions relative to the manner he was to 
 condua uimlelf in his pbfervations ort feveral 
 articles which I mentioned to him. And 
 mdeed, , am thoroughly fatisfied of the pof- 
 
 fibility 
 
I round the 
 ned of the 
 
 Tjcs to keep 
 ' to give us 
 ny French, 
 to fend me 
 impofed on 
 ^h we had 
 J Shingu^s, 
 take fhelter 
 2caufe they 
 Onondago; 
 fuiances of 
 the means 
 :aining our 
 lel's a great 
 who were 
 ependently 
 Schingucs 
 loft fubtile 
 r> though 
 
 ployed in. ""'" *^y "e em- ■ 
 
 ine lame time In o /t^^: i o *•" *i»ii* at 
 
 quickly . Zt w^ '^k' ?""""'' to return 
 fre/hne^s ""«''' ^e f"PPlied with 
 
 fhT^ f """'^^ '^^'^ n° '■°°ner broke up thin 
 *1 t£t2T!5- " ''"■° *« half icSfg, t^ 
 
 wnSlv J '^"^ '" W f«>'«s out 
 
 m! Croghon. "" '^'^ Movviug fpeech by 
 
 and we have been met. We have frnf h„ 
 your brother Ae governor of Vir.iS at 
 your own ^queft, Repeated feveralS tl 
 
 therefore for thatreafon th« f n,u/> „„...;!_? 
 
 you. 
 
( i6o ) 
 you, brothers, that you and your young meh 
 do come tp join us, and encamp with us j to 
 the end that we may hold ourfelves in readi- 
 nefs to receive our brother Monacotoca, whom 
 I exped every day. That this requeft may 
 be attended with the defired effedl, and make 
 the proper impreffion on your minds, / pre- 
 fent you this ftring of Wampum. 
 
 As jhefe Indians who were fpies for the 
 French, appeared very curious ; and ufed to 
 alk feveral queftions, in order to know by 
 what road we propofed to march to the fort; 
 and when we expeded to arrive there. I 
 made the people give over working on the 
 road, and ccafed to carry it on any farther. I 
 told them after this we intended to go on 
 with it through the woods, as far as the fort, 
 by cutting down die trees, &c. and that here 
 we waited for the reinforcement, which was 
 coming to us; togedier with our artillery and 
 our Waggons, in order to take them along 
 with us: but no fooner were diefe people 
 gone, than I ordered the road to be opened 
 and carried towards Redftone. * 
 
 25. Towarr?' the evening arrived from the 
 Great-meadows three men^ among whom is 
 the fon of queen Aliguipa. He brings me a 
 letter from Mr. Cioghon, acquainting me of 
 me difficulties he meets with in finding any In- 
 dian that is difpoldd to come : that indeed, the 
 Half king wasdifpofed and preparing to come 
 and join us -, but diat he was prevented from 
 
 K 
 
( '6i ) 
 It by a blow which he received. I thought 
 Jt proper therefore to difpatch M. Montour to 
 the fort of neceffity, in order to try whether 
 It was not poffible to prevaU on the Indians to 
 come to us. ' 
 
 26. Arrives an Indian, who brinj?s word 
 that Monacathoca has burned his viUagc 
 (Logftown}) and has fet out by water, 
 for Redftone, with his people j where he 
 may be expeded to arrive in two days, 
 rhis Indian Jias paffed by the tort, and af- 
 lures us die French have received no rein- 
 forcement, except a fmall number of Indians, 
 who he fays, have killed two or three Dela- 
 w^es. I failed not to relate this pieceof news 
 It *?J^Ff®^^"' ^^ ^" its propereft colours to 
 the Indians J andparticufarly to two Delavvares 
 yvho ar(2 here, ' ' * 
 
 27.1 detached captaih ' tewis, lieutenanf 
 Waggherier, and enfign Mercer j two fer- 
 jeantsV two corporals, a drum and fixty men. 
 to endeavour to carry on the road to the place 
 where Redftone-river difcharges itfelf into 
 the Mononghela. 
 
 N U AI B. 
 
r 162 ; 
 
 '*•! 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 NUMB Ell IX. 
 
 Jourml of tie CampalsH of 'M. Villifn, 
 
 4£ the fS*^' ^ ''?* '" »»i^ Wing, 
 wui (he Ipreral nauons,of, which ApeSieia 
 W given, me the comriia'dd. ™ ??"'^c 
 
 mand of which h, tlt^ ^5^' 
 Maaer ; wl»o ,^ tp fet out thf' «iS .1^ ^ ^ 
 
 As 1 was this officer's lenin;: ft .T^^l" 
 mndedtheSix-nZ^ SS totv *t^ 
 4« had been aflafl5„a,ed: M.StJ^ 
 hjnoured me with this ,ommi„J°"S 
 
 M. de Contrec(Eur, caUed Mefl: fe MemV 
 Longevil, and mylelf together „ ^'^'^f. 
 deKberate on whi was^W " ^ !J *" 
 during the campaign- xS\J^ -f^' 
 tfon tfie fituationf tfe ftJenS^ rf°ur"''"'- 
 
 the ar^nation which SfhtdtmS 
 
 ♦ M. de Jumonvilic. 
 
 on 
 
to Dumtom tK-tween the tv/ocmwm. ^■ 
 
 coeur . the provifions were given out • even/ 
 
 one embarked; »nd we fet Sut fiom dS 
 
 about ten in the mornbg. °" 
 
 From Ais moment i began to emplov In- 
 
 I went to ipehd the nfcht about fc or eieht 
 aa:«> above the firft forklf &e rwS^Kn- 
 fc though I had no intention tom^ 
 
 ^ defired their advice. It was letoSined 
 
 io. kafe was faid at &e camp 3 after 
 vAich we fet out on our march, {rfth the 
 wual precautions. 
 
 30- We came to the Stock-houfe * which 
 was bmlt by laying pieces of timber onTo^r 
 Ae oAer well pined together: the build- 
 ng was about thirty feet in'lcngth. by ^^en- 
 
 would do nothing without confulting the 
 
 &4tiar™p^'^'"*-<'s-'h<- 
 
 1 called Ae leaders togetlier that evening, 
 and we deliberated ablut tlie precautiof,' 
 which were proper for us to take for the 
 
 • Thfe Stock-houfe had been buUt by theEngliffi. 
 
 X 3 fecur 
 
. C !64 J 
 
 fccwity of our wheel-carriages ; the provifions 
 which we inter„.fed to leavl i„ refewTanc 
 the people who were to guard them. 
 
 riaSn',' r "^f"' """^ P"' ""' wheel-car- 
 ou?ty A "f P'f ^- ^^'^ '^■'P"*«J in order 
 nP^r' ^'-""^ "''''*'='^' ehe wecouWdif- 
 Aem f? ';■ ^ Stock-hou^,. I left to .mafj 
 
 ^.v liCK ...vap. Some ammunition was 
 ^ared oi,: _ ,,r,J „, we luarched. About ele- 
 ve^ odock we ft^ed feme human trlSs, 
 
 About three in the afternoon, haVing had 
 
 otte"whol,r • '^°"'i' i^-t. P« fot 
 
 miftook each other, and were juft goine to 
 
 d^aared «:, HTfcraU:r"ar.Sf 
 road wh,ch the Englirh were making that 
 
 SZrem nrr/^^l'"^' =•"<» *« '' wa 
 ttuee day»: we no longer doubted but the 
 Enghfh were apprifed of 'our fteps. ' 
 
 •,,,^1, • u "^ °^ ''^X' «'« <"« out on our 
 "ous' AtlrTf'^S fhe arrival rf Z 
 1 Cn./ 17 ^^^ "'"•*^<J fc"- ^ome time, 
 Aer'^rii? ^K f."^™'"^d not to proceed kr- 
 accoun I V,""' f ^ '■""'■"^'1 '"°m« Pofitive 
 the mad- ? i'P'l'*^?* ''"'"« ^outs ,W.^ds 
 me road m the u „ arrived fome of f 
 
 Savages whom I ha. .eft behind afS^slU 
 
 houfc. 
 
 P 
 
 iioui 
 
 lit- • 
 
 threa 
 to it 
 En^} 
 draw 
 with 
 Sot 
 whici 
 and tf 
 took ( 
 great 
 werefi 
 taken 
 tachmc 
 /aj 
 man n 
 him an 
 hopes c 
 to thei 
 and m}^ 
 It rainec 
 
 3- ^ 
 
 I invited 
 
 The wc 
 
 forefaw t 
 
 before th 
 
 niight rei 
 
 We n 
 
 rain; an 
 
 flopped a 
 
 been affafi 
 
 man carci 
 
Areatenedhim riv! '^'^f.'* him, and 
 «ira.v near their fort !^^ '^C '", °'^' *" 
 
 took care to havt te^ '? °"/ 'T''' ^'^ 
 fireat manv ;„ft ^ P'^'=« Marched. A 
 
 wer: fSo„"Srwh'?"S°*5 "t-C^ 
 taken awav Ir K • ' ?^"'* ^ •"'^''•e'l to be 
 -j-e„TLn^^*"f/-I-re4™,de- 
 
 r s je^trco^^i^^t^^r 
 
 to the Savaffes°wwt„ JT^ communicated 
 and mv rSt^n ■?' '^<=<"'e"es I made. 
 
 It rai7d Sh:re"„Shi "'"'' "^"^ "%' 
 
 The weaXr IS W"'^^* Scouts, 
 ibrefaw the nec^r^ be ",„ (,^^ ^ 
 
 •-f- they H^SKKnnr ' 
 
 might refolve on. ™'' ^'y 
 
 flopped a? the 1/"' u'^"' ''''^^ '"coW: I 
 
 beefafraSntdfa^d tS^/?^?*- ha" 
 man carcafes 1i! »-- "< ^ ^^ '°'"« bu- 
 
 Being 
 
 1^ 
 
( 166 ) 
 
 Being now about three quarters 6f a tea^ 
 from flieEnglifh fort; I made each c)ffi%'r 
 to march m a column at his refpedHve divi- 
 fion in order to have it in my power to 
 difpofe of them as the exigency flidukl re- 
 quire. 
 
 / fent fcouts who were to go clbfe to the 
 camp; and twenty more to fupport them ; and 
 I advanced my fclf in order ; when fonie of 
 my people returned to tell me that we wertj 
 difcovered ; and that the Englifli approached 
 jn order of battle to attack us : as it was faii 
 they were juft clofe to me, /put my troops 
 in order of battle, and in a manner agreeaMc 
 to the wood-fi^ting. It was not long befora 
 /perceived that my fcouts had led me Wrong • 
 and / gave orders to my troo^ to advance 
 towards that fide from whence I appreheridfed 
 an attack. 
 
 As we were hot accjuaintcd witfi the 
 ground, we prefented our flank to the fort 
 from whence they began to cannonade us • I 
 perceived almoft at the faihe time, to the 
 nght, the Englilh coming towards us in 
 order of battle. The Savages, and we alfo, 
 fet up the cry, and advanced to meet them : 
 but they gave us not time to make our dif- 
 charge : they filed ofl=; and withdrew into an 
 intrenchment which lay contiguous to their 
 fort. We then fet ourfelves atoiit inverting 
 the fort : It was advantageoufly enough fitu- 
 ^ted in a meadow, the wood of which was 
 
 
 to thien; 
 
 9««; nee 
 lx?thiid 
 
 <r^eded:i 
 I may ia 
 
 Theei 
 mthtpQi 
 Q*CIock. 
 
 fpopc 
 pmgt 
 
 ^?Wtpu 
 
 Idctacheci 
 I M^ent m 
 ^oWthei^' 
 werewiirin 
 ^W to whici 
 «3fp9fe, the 
 W venr n 
 ^^ aillip^ 
 ^900Wcon( 
 
 gfV^recoir 
 Jor the mure 
 
 t^rother.invic 
 
""^ neceffityr^e X ^^^ «P°fed with! 
 ?ePfr«rf miff to C: ? f ,f P% which 
 
 ^c Had Dut niir/iiwr--, • ^ 
 
 Wd ottf. that if thTpn ,5.^ ''^"^"' '■' to be 
 
 I detached 1§. fe°4^,;«'«* where I wi. 
 I Wnt myfeljf UuTS "^^'"^ him, and 
 
 were winfngtodeli^^twT "°' '\^^' *« 
 «!« to whicfiamore obffi„«, m ** <=™«'- 
 «f^fe, ,thei„ ft<„a the^T'^f ^e would 
 *■« very night we wo„i7 /^''^S'^ i that 
 
 W?nowcondefcendea to fhr^f™"" "«• That 
 ?? wwcom? onl/wit^*?": ti'^m mercy, .x, 
 
 ftr the murder whkl^h/ ' '=J'"evenge 
 
 '»ote.i„viobtiZ^r^*7 ^?"»"ted on ,^y. 
 to obliiw. ►!,._ 'l™™?!? 'noftfacred lawo. „,„-i 
 
 .:.::«- v7wii tu quit fh^ ir:„ » •» aiiu 
 
 ^""^^'"gs territories J 
 
 and 
 
 '«* 
 
 ■1. 
 
 ^1 
 
( i68 ) 
 
 Jknd wc ag'-ecd with them to gfant tlierfi the 
 capitulation, of which a copy is annexed. 
 
 We confidered, that r> u..^ «.culd be 
 more advantageous to the nation than this ca- 
 pitulation ; it not being natural, that We 
 fhould makf prifoners of war in time of 
 pcac-*. Wc made the Englifli agree to give 
 It MS under their hands, that they had com- 
 mitted an aflaflination on us, in the camp of 
 my brother. We had hoftages as fureties for 
 the Frencii whom they had in their power : 
 we compelled them to evacu ite the conntry 
 belonging to the King. We obliged them to 
 leave us their cannon, which confiftcd of 
 nine pieces. We had already deftroyed all 
 their horfes and black cattle j and we made 
 them ftill give us under their hands, that the 
 favour we fhewed them, was only to prove to 
 them, how gread) we defirf to treat them 
 as friends. 
 
 That very evening the articles of capitula- 
 tion werefii^ned: :3nd I had in my camp the 
 hoftages I required 
 
 The 4th, at peep of day^ I fent a detach- 
 ment to take pofleiiion of the . -ut j the gar- 
 rifon filed off, and the ni; 'her )f their dea^' 
 and wounded rai:ed comj^ ilit in me, not- 
 widiftanding my refentment of the manner 
 in which they had made away with my bro- 
 ther. 
 
 The favages, who had in every refpe<fV, 
 comnlied w^ith rnv defire*'- bad laid dai"^ ^'^ B 
 ' . ' " "th; ■ 
 
 the pi 
 nation 
 they J 
 their fi 
 moli/]i 
 their c 
 the on 
 tJicir cs 
 to take 
 Ihai 
 thecail 
 orders } 
 iioned : 
 and bro 
 hy a not] 
 
 one Par 
 
 of who 
 
 %eral vi 
 
 furgepn*^ 
 
 I ma^c 
 
 caufed 01 
 
 by detaei 
 
 The 5t 
 
 camp,: Wj 
 
 Engt'fh. 
 
 <lemoii/hei 
 
 'ifhcs, Th 
 
 detached I 
 houfes in ti 
 tliree leawi 
 
 to 
 W 1 
 

 refpedl, 
 
 \olm tn 
 
 *'y ran away, anfl ft Tl I" f"'' """ 
 
 woliftcu their foft and M r^t'""• ^ <*=- 
 "lei.- cannon to b; , ft ''l '^''■■'•^'e'- cauted 
 
 «)ieircaDitulaf;«n".K'^".S''=""e'l the bv 
 to take ftawT' *' ^"«''* "°' ^'"S »We 
 
 tKc'caS^r'ST^'^'^ ''''^°W 
 ordcR which Tv ^ ft f '° "''*"'« *edif- 
 
 and bfough ' .,7/^"^^ took ten 4gliA 
 by anothfr! '"'^ '"if = ^ ^«« 'hem away 
 
 onePany,J^ra!^-y«-l^rencha„d 
 o^ whom were twn ^^^"^^^" wounded, 
 
 feycral v^ouiidrfb Zh. '^'' ''''^"^"" ^^» 
 rurgeon^'-Vfliilance. ^ ^' "''' ^"^ '^"/^^ ^« 
 
 caufcd oufch^f tl ^ "^^ H^'^' and 
 by detad)mci,ts '^ "^'^ °" '"ters 
 
 The 5th / arri»ed aliout ninp ,^T\ i 
 canm,; wJuch had he,„ u j '"^'^ ^t the 
 
 demoJifted. and the 1k,uS 'n u'"'J!" '° ^ 
 aflics. This done I m u j ° ^ burnt to 
 detached M de" ,' Cl^-''''^'^ ™* after having 
 boufes in the ne '^S T^"* '" ^urn all the 
 three leag.'s"£°"'''^- Ienca.t,pdat 
 
 i^) The name nf a c> • . . . 
 
 TJi« 
 
,>' 
 
 C ^7^ ) 
 
 The 6th I fet nut early in the morning to 
 the place where we left our waggons, and 
 arrived there about ten o'clock, we put our 
 whccl-carriagcs in order, diftributed provifions 
 to the detachment, carried off the reft, and 
 found ibmc tilings concealed. After which 
 we burned the hangard. I embarked and 
 went on till fix o'clock in ^hc afternoon j when 
 1 was obliged to encamp upon account of very 
 heavy rains. 
 
 Tne 7th I continued to march, after having 
 detached M. de la Chavigncric to inform m, 
 dc Contreccqqr of the fuccefs of our campaign ; 
 I burned as I went along all the ictdements I 
 met with, and I made a furrender j^bout jfojir 
 9'clocjk,of fljiy dctachmem toM.Coi^trcccEiur. 
 
 Capitulation granted by Af. ae Villi frs, captain, 
 
 commander of the troops of bis majefiy, ta 
 
 the commander of the Englijh troops in tie 
 
 fort of Nfce^y. July 3, 175^, at eight 
 
 o'clock tn the Evening. 
 
 AS it never was our intention to difturb 
 the peace and harmony that reigned be- 
 tween two princes in friendfhip j but only to 
 revenge the murder committed on one ot our 
 officers, the bearer of a citation, and on his 
 cfcort J as alfo to hinder any fcttlement on the 
 lands belonging to the king my mafter. 
 
 On thefe confidcrations we are willing to 
 fliew mercy to all the Englifh who are in the 
 faid fort on the following conditions. 
 
 
 We 
 
 retire v 
 peaceab 
 him to 
 by the ] 
 our po\^ 
 within \ 
 
 II. h 
 
 carry e\ 
 to him 
 Iceep. 
 
 III. V 
 War and 
 a fmall 
 this favoi 
 
 IV. 1 
 figned o] 
 the Engl) 
 
 V. Tl 
 detachmc 
 garrifon J 
 laid fort.' 
 
 VII Tj 
 horfes or < 
 their effec 
 they have 
 they may 
 of their » 
 condition 1 
 
{ '7' ) 
 
 Article I. 
 
 rJ^^ "If ?• ^''"^ ^mmandaat leave t6 
 reore with all his garrilon. and to return 
 
 h™ to hinder any inlult being offered to hin^ 
 
 K;::;„d^.'''''^''^S«, who are with.. 
 
 11- He lliall be allowed to go out and 
 «riv every thing with him lat belong 
 tohim : excepting the artilleiy, which we 
 
 •/i" Ti'' «■■*"' *'="' *" *e honours of 
 war and leave to go out, drums beating, wiA 
 a fmalt cannon, being defirous to prove b* 
 this favour we treat them as friends. ' 
 
 kJ J !: '^ '""<'" ^« •''e art-dds (hall be 
 
 K;:jh'si;dt^'^^*^'^'"=''o- 
 
 ga^r^ ffle off. and take poleffion of Se 
 
 Vli That theEnglifl, having fcarce anv 
 
 tf effer"' '^ '^''' •^.^"•'^^l *em tohy^ 
 theu- effefts and come back for them when 
 Aey have got horfes ; And for tWs purtfe 
 they may leave as many people to t^e ^aS 
 of Aeir^s as they Ih'i tl^nk pr^lr; o,^ 
 condition thev ^we th^ir »,^.j _r f ^ ' °" 
 .. g... . rrviuuA iionoui', not 
 
 2 2 to 
 
I 
 
 I' 
 
 ( 172 ) 
 
 to form hence-forward, any fettlement in this 
 place, nor on this fide of the mountains! 
 
 VII. That as the Englifli have one officer, 
 two cadets, and all the priibners they have 
 made at the alTaffination of die fieur de Jiw 
 monville in their power; and promife to fend 
 tliem back with a fa-e-guard to fort du Quefne, 
 fituated on the river Ohioj We for their 
 fure fulfilling this article, as well as diis 
 treaty, require, diat Jacob Vambraan and 
 Robert Stobo, both captains, do remain hof- 
 taoes with us, until the an.Va! of die Frencfe, 
 and Canadians above-mentioned. ,^ 
 
 We on on our part, oblige ourfelves to grant 
 an efcort, for the fafe conducing back thefe 
 two officers, upon the return of our French, 
 who are to be fent back in two months and a 
 half at farthefl. 
 
 This with a duplicate thereof, was figned 
 upon one of the pofls. of our blockade, the 
 day and year above-mentioned. 
 
 5y Meir, 
 
 James Mackaye 
 Geo. Wa/hington 
 Coulon 
 Viliiers. 
 
 NUMB. 
 
 Tran, 
 
 % 
 one 
 
 piti 
 
 mai 
 
 Sir 
 
 A 
 
 verym 
 
 He {2^ 
 
 hiha, 
 
 numbe 
 
 the En, 
 
 alfo, ti 
 
 of Mon 
 
 thirty ft 
 
 as they ; 
 
 advifed 
 
 artfully 
 
 between 
 
 favages t 
 
 a long a 
 
 they can 
 
 iodyy bu 
 
 to live at 
 
 their chil 
 
 be infult 
 
DUMBER X 
 
 Sir, _ 
 
 A Savage, called Tufque^a^l '^Z-f' 
 brought hither }n°cLj^h^ 
 very much alarmo oil .u T ^'^<=°"nt. which 
 
 He^ %s thartlf 'ut^^^'°^ *'■» river: 
 
 number of thirt^ fev^" K ^l ' ^- «° the 
 *; Englifl,. a'„7 mad"e pte'T" '^fA 
 alfo that John Mainot, alias I^e^T 
 of Montier's comoanv J^u ^•' f *-°*' 
 thirty feven iZX^l'Tlt^T' *?' *''"= 
 as they arrived afSe Eni^, r^:!"^"* =■' '"°°" 
 advift^ him to maket' tpe Th- ' '"'* 
 artfully reported on the eve 7a „rea??!! ^\ 
 between th*. rk„ rf * great Council 
 
 fava^^h.- ,^^''^''*"°"s. French, and the 
 
 they ime „:He" etSr '^"'"? *""■ 
 
 (>anljrJ ir ^/^?^^ ^ge: that, notwith. ' 
 ^ '^"'"^' " "'^>' "^<i a mind to join the Eng- 
 
 li4 
 
Mih, they might do it ; but if tliey had a 
 mind to think better, they would remain 
 in peace. ♦ This is all I could learn of this 
 council. 
 
 The French feconded thcfe words with 
 two large belts, and two firings of wampum. 
 Their allies did the fame. There were alfo 
 coniiderable prefents: to wit, fixtcen fine 
 guns, two barrels of powder, bails in propor- 
 tion, fixteen fine fuits ot cloaths, many others 
 of lefs value, and coverings of cloath. The 
 Chcvanons made them no anfwcr, nor did I 
 hear they have as yet. 
 
 it is aflured, that die Half King and hi? 
 people were killed, and that their wives and 
 children have been delivered to the barbarity 
 of ttie Cherokees and Catabocs, who are af - 
 fembled to the number of three hundred at 
 the new magazine. Whether this be true of 
 not, 'tis certain, that the favages are very much 
 sdarmedj and were it not for this news, a num- 
 ber of different nations would have efpoufed 
 your interefl : if this news be true (^which I 
 cannot dirnkj you can depend upon no favages^ 
 in diele quarters j which will make our re- 
 
 * It is therefore proved by the teftJmony, even 6? 
 one of th Englifh, the molt prejudiced ag^'init theFreilch; 
 that the f<-' iait. r did noi excite the favages to the war. 
 This condud may be compared v**ith the cuniiing and ar- 
 ti&esofiheEr.gliili, which appear fo dearly iiiWaffi- 
 ington's journal. 
 
 turn 
 
 turn y 
 coni5d< 
 The 
 hjave h 
 
 ^i^pwr 
 
 ibme oi 
 
 they w( 
 
 thjcre w 
 
 at the i 
 
 propos i 
 
 If we Q 
 
 ^^eestoo 
 
 would g 
 
 dow, ne 
 
 nipre thi 
 
 c«dl our 
 
 na^n of 
 
 nation, j 
 
 of the nt 
 
 to be fpiei 
 
 his men, 
 
 I fend yoi 
 
 naquptaha 
 truft. 
 
 You'll f 
 
 fort drawr 
 
 fiances w( 
 
 prefent is r 
 
 men. Th< 
 
 a thoufand 
 
 (a) SavaD:« 
 that M. Wall 
 
turn jeiy hazardous : but thisk nnf .. i, 
 
 kees to conclude a Deace ntr^ ^°- 
 
 would go ^eU. Rfo«fc2 ''*■"« 
 dow, near d^e fo,t of NecTtJ l,*u '?*^- 
 Wre .han fix or {Jen^^ ^htf"" 
 c«iH our own r k«i- fs*^^* winch we 
 
 nation of Z^o a,^^M« 1 "'^1°^ *« 
 nation. P^^A^t S^ fS ^'^ 
 of the number of Vhofe iZare f^^U "^ "' " 
 to be fpies : /knew he was to bfn "'*? 
 his men, but be on vnn7T j ■■ • ^"" "^"^ 
 1 M you tWs by "he bX • T"** *■=■"• 
 
 ttuft. ^ ""'J*^ «'''°m you may 
 
 You'll fee on the other fide the olan «f .k 
 
 a thoufand. In dK^dSntfl^-/ 
 
 davs 
 
I' i 
 
 ( iy6 ) 
 
 aysMmVr, a good officer, will quit the fort, 
 and leave behind him only Contrecoeur, and 
 fome young officers and cadets. They fent fome 
 days ago a lieutenant, with two hundred men 
 for provifions, and wait impatiently for them. 
 At his return, the garrifon will confift of four 
 hundred men, Theyfeem hereto mifs laForce 
 greatly; Since his departure there were no 
 fcouts fent out. He is much regreted and de* 
 fired h6re, which makes me judge he was not 
 an ordiharyman. Whenwe engaged in the fer- 
 vice of our country, it was expeded it would be 
 at die expence qf our lives. Let no one there* 
 fore be' deceived. Confider the advantage that 
 will accrue from the expedition without the 
 leaft regard to us. For my part I would die ten 
 thoufand deaths to enjoy the pleafure of fee- 
 ing thisfort in the hands oi the Englifh. The 
 French are fo vain of their fucCefs at the 
 meadows, diat I would fooner die, rather than 
 hear them fpeak of this affair. Attack this au* 
 tumn as foon as you poffibly can j gain over 
 the Indians; perfuadethem widi judgment; in 
 a word, do what you can and you will fucceed: 
 an hundred trufty Indians are fufficient to 
 furprize the fort. They have accefs eveiy day 
 here. They may hide themfelves, fo as to 
 be able, without much difficulty, to fecurethe 
 guard with their famkanko : let then the gate- 
 be (hut, and the fort is our own. Here is 
 never in the night but Contrecocur and the 
 guard, which never exceeds fifty men, all the 
 
 reft 
 
 jre/l 
 bull! 
 com 
 and, 
 that 
 
 ^Ott( 
 
 form( 
 
 libert 
 
 thatc 
 
 tohej 
 
 ofthi 
 
 faults 
 
 i{i wlj] 
 
 h'eve E 
 
 P.S 
 
 andDe 
 
 I undc 
 coun 
 lated 
 abov( 
 depoi 
 vernc 
 
 We t 
 
 of lSiQ\^; 
 
 counfello 
 has tranH 
 ^ave heai 
 
wmmunicate thi, lettS h ?' °^ 9°^ ^o not 
 
 A^-t tliey have het nc"c/°^,"" Vnd on :' 
 ;;« to he queftioned » tL '""^ "^'"S- « 
 
 liberty which Tam allowei^. t°S *^ '«fe 
 *« could happe? me ?'r u'' ^ *? ^^^^ 
 to hear from yJu but i., ""''' ''= ''''■■•ow 
 of this in youMetter vT ?''"''°" ''^ '"^^ 
 ftults which might hive cr?f •" ".'"'"^ *= 
 JP which there if nogTe't Iei"'° *'^'«<-' 
 I'we me your's. • ""^^'^"^y ; and be- 
 
 Signed, Robert Stobo. 
 
 "bove letter, XoS '?'\^"'ch the 
 
 depofued in'thrfeSstffi^-Vl""'™ 
 vernor-general of New Frate' '''' «°- 
 
 S'S'' ' . - Pcrthuis, 
 
 counfellor in the fuS co'! f*- P"*"''' 
 has tran/Iated the aCette;"' "5 "^^"'^ 
 h»ve heard all ,!„ Er2(t^. l"J_ J*'" -•'" 
 
 r,- -, rrxij JiliVC DCen ill 
 
 "^ this 
 
this city, fay, that the faid fieifr Perthuis 
 fpuke English well, and tranflated it in per* 
 fcdion. Done at Quebec the 15th of Sep- 
 |ember 1755. 
 
 Signed Vai^dreuil and Bigot.. 
 
 NUMB. XI. 
 
 InJIru5lions ghen to General Braddock by bis 
 Britannick Majejly, 
 
 George R., 
 
 TNftruc^ions for our trufty and well-beloved 
 ■*• Edward Braddock, Efq; major-general 
 of our armies, whom we have appointed 
 general and commander of all and every of 
 our troops and forces, which are adlually in 
 North America, or which may hereafter be 
 lent thither, or dierein raifed j to vindicate ou^; 
 juft rights and our polTeffions in thefe parts. 
 Given at our palace of St. James's, the 25th 
 pf November 1754, and of our reign the 
 28th. 
 
 Whereas, by our commiflion dated the 
 24th of September laft, we have appointed 
 you general and commander of all and every 
 our forces which are, or hereafter fliall be in 
 North America : In order that you may be 
 the better enabled to anfwer the confidence of 
 |vhich we have given you that teftimony, we 
 
 hav? 
 
 have 
 
 tions 
 
 I. 
 
 tentic 
 
 Nortl 
 
 our c 
 
 andp 
 
 croacl 
 
 cured 
 
 i'egimt 
 
 comm 
 
 Dunba 
 
 rica, V 
 
 Jsorts i 
 
 certain 
 
 2. L 
 
 you fha 
 
 of war, 
 
 Americi 
 
 conimar 
 
 ^ppointf 
 
 fquadror 
 
 ieas, we 
 
 a perfed 
 
 ^ithhim 
 
 the fervic 
 
 the fame 
 
 fquadron, 
 
 correlpon 
 you. 
 
 3- Aril 
 wantirig t< 
 
cured , have 'Z^ ^l^ °^?"' '"'^'^^^ '■^- 
 
 commanded brsir pter m,"°^ '".^^^'^"''> 
 
 rica, wiAaSS^f"' °r '"^-^ 
 Wrts and Drovifinno J f'^^^^cry, tranf^ 
 
 *>f war, and you ftall r^ot ?■? V'"' ''"P^ 
 America. ^hl°^ ytlmtl ^'"^ ^"^ ^"'^^ 
 command of ourfoi^l L w "P°° ^^^ *= 
 Appointed Au^ftt kI "f "'''^^^^ '"' '"- 
 fquadron of oSr <^L^of^l'° T'f'"'^ '^= 
 feas. we requireTn:; -^ '" ''-*= ^'"wcarf 
 
 the fervic^you^f-e now in ' >■ 'T'°y"^ '■'* 
 the fame order. » Xf / "'^ "^^ ^'™ g'^-^" 
 fquadron, ^khl^^ f^"! commander of bltf 
 
 JTt a 2 - ., 
 
I Hill , 
 
 m 
 
 M, 
 
 ( i8o ) 
 are to be compofed of b<?twcen five and feven 
 hundred men each ; and our intention being • 
 that there be forthwith raifed two other regi- 
 ments of infantry, compofed of a thoufand 
 men each, to be commanded by governor 
 Shirley and Sir William Pepperel, whom we 
 have appointed to be colonels thereof, in otir 
 provinces and colonies of America i we have 
 given our orders that the rendezvous of die 
 regiment under the command of the former 
 fhall be at Bofton, and that under the com- 
 mand of the latter at New York and Phila- 
 aelphia ; and that our feveral governors fhall 
 take beforehand the meafures neceffary to 
 contribute to their utmoft, fo as to have abotit 
 three thoufand men in readinefs to be enlifted 
 for this purpofe, who arc in proportion to the 
 number that fhall be raifed to be put under 
 your command, and are there to be fubied: to 
 the diflribution which you fliail make of them 
 4n the adove-mentioned corps. 
 . And whereas we have thought proper to 
 detach Sir John Saint-Clair our quarter mailer 
 general, and James Petcher, Efqj our com- 
 mifTary for muflers and reviews iii America, 
 to the end that they may make all necellary 
 preparations againfl the arrival of the two re- 
 giments from Europe, and for the raifing of 
 the forces above-mentioned ; you fhall inform 
 yourfclf immediately upon your arrival, ofth- 
 governors who fhall be the neareft at hand, 
 and in time and place of all tjie 2overn<•ir^, 
 
 
 and li: 
 
 attd th( 
 
 they il 
 
 tion of 
 
 may be 
 
 4. I 
 
 the for< 
 
 your CO 
 
 arrival 
 
 fliippcd 
 
 5-VV 
 
 governoi 
 
 fions for 
 
 and whe 
 
 our offia 
 
 of, whei 
 
 place to f 
 
 ceflary fo 
 
 not go by 
 
 fuch orde 
 
 hy thofe ^ 
 
 appoint t 
 
 ^"anfpDrts 
 
 ^uch nun 
 
 ^all be n 
 
 feveral fe 
 
 charges of 
 
 take place 
 
 'n order 1 
 
 you do ap 
 
 to ibme c 
 
 g^ncy of tl 
 
•he'w^f ^,^"h,T'''«'«' ^ -. that 
 your commLv^ ' •* *'■* ^° g° «»'«<• under 
 S n ■ •'""^ '^'"" P^°^'fi<>"« °» their 
 
 l^^ni^^ri-''^/''^°P' ^« ^^^=^Ji arrive or 
 
 charges of ,he pvernments :h":' he^^ll 
 ^ke place ; It is our will .nd picafcj tlu 
 
 (^. And 
 
 
( i8i ; 1 
 
 6. And whereas we have moreover corri- 
 mandcd, our faid governors to ufe all their 
 efforts, iri order to prevail on ^he refpedive 
 affemblics of dieir provinces to raifc fpeediiy 
 a confidcrable a fum as they fhall be able to 
 obtain, by way of contributing to a common 
 fund, to be provifidnally employed in America 
 for die general fervice, and in particular^ to de- 
 fray the expencc of raifing the troops which arc 
 to be femployed in compleating the regiments 
 above-mentioned : It is our will, diat you 
 give them all the advice and affiftance you can 
 towards advancing thele advantageous projedts, 
 by fettling fu 1. ?,. common fund as may be fully 
 adequate to vh. proje^f of firvice which we 
 propofe t'? yoii (a) j but you are to take 
 fpccial care it> hinder the giving any money 
 to the troops which are to be under your com- 
 mand i fuch payments excepted, as fhall be 
 iiiade in confequence of the fupplies of effec- 
 tive men which fhall be made. 
 
 7, Having alfo commanded our faid go- 
 vernors to correipond and confer with you on 
 all matters, which may tend towards accele- 
 rating die faid levies in their refpedive go* 
 Vemments, we require you to aid and affift 
 them in die execution of our inftrudions j you 
 are dierefore not only to keep up a conflant 
 and frequent corref^ondence with them by 
 
 (a) To know what this projea was, fee colonel Na- 
 pier s letter in the following pages. 
 
 i 
 
 letters, 
 
 vinces, 
 
 the adva 
 
 our faid 
 
 all pofii 
 
 our projt 
 
 nefs of ( 
 
 their ref| 
 
 tranijx)rt 
 
 V\3\[ be r 
 
 you fhall 
 
 generid n 
 
 You /j 
 
 which w< 
 
 and whicJ 
 
 yourfelf, ti 
 
 of fuch g 
 
 vinces, fu, 
 
 as fhall b( 
 
 oiflance of 
 
 ofourfora 
 
 or of the pi 
 
 termine on 
 
 executed bj 
 
 *Tiand, and 
 
 ^hich fhall 
 
 manner tha 
 
 for attaining 
 
 are defigned 
 
 ^ith the truf 
 
 8. You a 
 
 entire harmc 
 
 ctlCXif 
 
go* 
 
 tianiborb, nrovifiZl ',?^,^y the want of 
 ''-.all be n;ceffW^ ' f ""='' «"'«'• 'f'ings as 
 
 you ftaii':s&n'v"„trrJ™^ r ^i^- 
 
 general rendezvous ^" ^°"^^'r 
 
 and which ftdf cSftST" '° Woint 
 
 A-ftance of our faid .^ "^f '" / =°"ve„ie„t 
 of our forces Ij^rK'k^' ^""^ commander 
 orofAe7^;S;^\^„^';;;^theiradvice, 
 termme on all fh. „„ ■' "^' ^o" wU de- ■ 
 
 executed Lou^faiXr"' ^"^'^ ''^^ '« ^ 
 mand, ,„I °J ^^^ ''^l »"der your com- 
 
 which fhall have i efe^^ceC f^T' 
 manner that Aall k. .^^'^^^etoj m tlie 
 

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 C 1993, Applied Image, Inc., All Right? Reserved 
 
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 '<;^^\. ^."^ '^'rsN 
 
 
(184; 
 
 the feveral governors of our colonies and pror 
 vinces, but even with the chiefs of thefe In- 
 dian nations. You are to endeavour to find 
 out fome perfbn that is fit and agreeable to the 
 Indian nations in the fbuthern parts, in order 
 to fend him to them for this purpofe; in 
 the fame manner as we have directed 
 colcmel Johnfon, to repair to the northern 
 nations, as being the perfon, whom it is be- 
 lieved, they will receive with the greateft 
 pleafure; to the end that they may be pre- 
 ydled on to (hare and adt with our forces, (aX 
 in the operations which you (hall deem the 
 xajik. advantageous and expedient to under-^ 
 take. 
 
 9. You (liall from time to time, inform your- 
 felfof the natuie and value of the prefents 
 which (hall be granted by the aiTemblies of 
 our different colonies and provinces, accord- 
 ing to cuftom, in order to invite and engage 
 the Indian nations to our interefls and alli- 
 ance ; and you fhall be very attentive that a 
 juft and faithful diftribution be made thereof* 
 by fuch perfons as (hall be charged to make 
 it J arid you (hall affift thefe perfons with your 
 beft advice towards the faid diftribution : you 
 are to be alio particularly attentive that thefe 
 prefents be defpoled of prudendy, in all the 
 
 (a) The orders given to Colonel Johnfon were long 
 before this inftrii6lion- The proj«(5l was therefore long 
 fmce concerted, and the invafion of the couritryTituatea 
 en tlie Fair River, entered into the plan of this project; 
 
 OCCafionii 
 
 
V|u.nceot the funis of money which have l,^^„ 
 alread, granted in his to,vns! or clfe ww" 
 A. p , *'""S been reprefented to lu tlwf 
 Ae French and the inhabitants («) ofou^ d f 
 W colomes, hold a co«fponienie and t. 
 
 ipeedily all the mealures neceffary to prevent 
 Ae co„un„ance of fuch dangerous praS 
 
 fil^eF^H'" *"* "° '"°« °'" P'-ovifion be'. 
 
 II. Whereas we have thoucht thaf nn tUr. 
 prefent occafion, it was fit to Ittlc ana 4^^^^^ 
 ^n the rank which is to be obferved betwe^^^^^ 
 toe officers bearing our immediate commifli- 
 ons, and thofe who ferve under the commiflions 
 of our governors, &c. 
 
 12. You will receive, here-to annexed a 
 copy of the orders which we fent, the 28th of 
 Auguft 1753, to our feveral governors 
 wherein we enjoin diem, and exhort our col 
 lonies and our provinces of Nqrtli America, 
 
 iJ'^I^rh'"^ of England acknowledges here the general 
 law, which prohibits an European colony to fnVe" 
 trade with the lavages difperfed en the terrLry of ano 
 ther colony: it is by virtue of this law that Te F endi 
 were authorized to coufifcate the goods of the Sfh 
 who came to trade or; th^ F=.,v »;.?, - **' "^^ ^^^'^ 
 
 B 
 
 Fair Ri 
 
 u 
 
 to 
 
r 186 ; 
 
 to unite together for their common and mu* 
 tual defence; and you wiU fee bv our dire(5tions 
 of the 5th of July (of which ifkewife a copy 
 IS herewith delivered to you) our repeated 
 commands for the enforcing our orders of 
 the 28th of Auguft 1753 , and that we 
 werepleafed to diredt that the fum of ten 
 thoufand pounds might be remitted in fpecie to 
 governor Dinwiddie, and to give leave to our 
 faid heutenant-govemor to draw for another 
 fum of ten thoufand pounds, on the condi- 
 tions mentioned in our order of the ^dof [ulv 
 laft, which was fent to the faid lieutenant- 
 governor the 27th of September following! 
 the faid fum to be employed towards the ge- 
 lieral fervice and protedion of North-America. 
 
 oJH ^oi u^"" ^'"'" °^ ^^« ^5th and 
 26th of Odlober and 4th of November, to 
 
 our governors, to Sir William Pepperel and to 
 colonel Shirley rcopies of which will be de- 
 livered to you, together widi the prefent) will 
 make you thorouahly acquainted with our or- 
 ders and inftrudhons, which have been made 
 known on tliis occafion to our officers and 
 
 ^ZZTJ u "'* "^'^^ f"'^'^ y°» '^ inform 
 
 T- u^°^,f^.^'' execution, and die advantages 
 which fhall have refulted therefrom ^ 
 
 and^a/Z'T " • ""^ ^l^.^l"^^"S "S, by the firft 
 and all opportunities which may offer, a clear 
 and particular account of your fteps, and of 
 every thing that is dTential to our We, by 
 letters to one of our principal miniftcrs and fe- 
 
 cretarv 
 
and mu* 
 iiredions 
 b a copy 
 repeated 
 )rders of 
 that we 
 I of ten 
 
 I Ipecie to 
 ^c to our 
 
 another 
 le condi- 
 i of July 
 iutenant- 
 llowing i 
 s the ge- 
 America, 
 5th and 
 nber, to 
 j1 and to 
 
 II be de- 
 bnt) will 
 1 our or- 
 in made 
 cers and 
 
 inform 
 i^antages 
 
 thefiHl 
 a clear 
 and of 
 'ice, by 
 and fe- 
 cretniv 
 
 '"'••pie nature/ "Ltj'''^*"i. "^ " "'ore 
 coodufl. ' ""•"' "^ neceffiry for pur 
 
 tranflated from Se P ?-?^ *«' ^avin, 
 w°«d for wor" the vf ^''^ '«» ^>encli; 
 
 f which reUT dS' •*' °J'S'"»' 
 Pretaiy's office of the ^ '" *« f*- 
 New-France." Do^t^''T°'-S^'^nl of 
 
 Ae thirtieth/onX^'fL^^'^^: September 
 %=.live. "'^"'^ ^'en hundred and 
 
 «gn«J Pert„„5. 
 
 N^Snct^^i^^a ^?^''"'- °'- 
 '^J' 1 the fupericr c^mViT" f ^""' '^""n- 
 
 ofEng-and'. ^S- '""^French, the Kins 
 
 Perthais fpoke &«, 'J*^' *at the four 
 
 tl^eth. one T,!a'?"5'*'^' September the 
 %,fiv; "^ *'''^^<' 'f^en hundred and 
 
 Signed 
 V^udre^iil and Bigot, 
 
 Bb 
 
 NUMa 
 
r '88; 
 
 NUMBER XII. 
 
 Letter from M, Robert Napier y written to 
 M. Braddock, by order of his Royal High- 
 nefs the Duke of Cumberland. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 London, Nov. 25, 1754. 
 
 HI S Royal Highnefs the Duke, in the 
 many audiences which he gave you, 
 has entered into all the particular details of 
 ^he fervice which you are goin^ upon j and, 
 on Saturday, communicated to you his notions 
 as a better rule for the execution of the dif- 
 ferent articles of his majefty's inftrudtions: 
 and aF you were defirous diat nothing of what 
 pafled then, fliould efcape your memory; 
 he has commanded me to fet down every 
 thina in writing. His royal highnefs has this 
 fervice very much at heart j it being of the 
 utmoft confcquencc to the territories in the 
 obedience of his majefty in America, and the 
 honour of the troops which he employs in 
 the faid countries. As you are particularly 
 concerned in this affair, his royal highnefs 
 takes the greater fhare therein, as he has 
 made intere^ with his majefly to procure you 
 this command. 
 
 It is the45pinion of his royal highnefs, that 
 Immediately after your landing, you confider 
 
 wrbat 
 
vrtiten to 
 yd High- 
 
 5> J754- 
 
 ^e, in the 
 ;ave you, 
 details of 
 oil} and, 
 is notions 
 
 the dif- 
 trudtions : 
 y of what 
 memory ; 
 wn every 
 "s has this 
 g of the 
 es in the 
 
 and the 
 nploys in 
 rticularly 
 highnefs 
 i he has 
 cure yon 
 
 icfs, that 
 confider 
 
 .^' 
 
 hat 
 
 fS qua^nf^P^';?^^" °'' *=OWo; and this, in' 
 thefeXil Tt. v i.' '""y'"" be wanting in 
 
 the laand. Captain Ord, a very exMnw5 
 officer, and of ^hom his royal higEwl 
 pe_op..on.wiUjoi„^/.fcin: 
 
 r^i^^nV^? regiments of Shirley and Peno.!* 
 ^ighnefslaJ ;„„ caufc H"^ f ^'^ "^^^ 
 throwthpm into a fufpenfe wi* Se* ^Jf 
 
 The moft exa<51: and the ftn\<>/.f» ,i.v • i- 
 
 «always„ec«ff,^:bu.T™e''K 
 
 much 
 
( '90 ) 
 much infifted on in thefervice now under con- 
 fxdemon. His royal highnefs therefore recom- 
 mends to you the enforcing it among your 
 troops in the moft uniform manner. You 
 arc alfo to guard againft all panic terrors, in 
 the prefencc of the Indians, with whom 
 they are not yet acquainted j and whom the 
 rrcnch will not fail making ufe of, in or. 
 der to terrify them. His royal highnefs 
 recommends to you the vifiting your polls 
 night and day, that both the colonels 
 and odier officers of the army be exadt 
 m doing the fame ; and that you yourfelf fet 
 frequent examples thereof; and to give your 
 troops to underftand, that no excufe will be 
 admitted for any furprife whatever. 
 
 If the expedition of the Ohio, (hould take 
 wp niore time than has been imagined j and 
 4f, while It is carrying on, Shirley's and Pep, 
 percl s regiments fhould be found fuificient 
 to undertake the reduction of Niagara j it is 
 the opinion of his royal highnefs, that you 
 Conf;der, whcdier youxan repair thither in 
 perfon, leaving the command of the troops 
 on the Ohio to an officer, on whom you fafelv 
 rely ; or whedier it may not be more con- 
 ducive to the fervice, to fend to thefe troops 
 lome perfon whom you might have had m 
 view for the command of the Ohio ? This 
 18 an extreme nice cafe, and demands 
 great attention on your part, inafmuch as 
 colonel Shirley is ne^t to yqu in command, 
 
 Therefoi's 
 
 Then 
 muft , 
 to api 
 and CO 
 who i 
 beinp ^ 
 ^ighne 
 produo 
 lion wl 
 the con 
 abfolutc 
 The 
 foundat 
 pedition 
 whilft tl 
 at. 
 
 If it/ 
 Ohio exj 
 yourfofc 
 examine 
 may not 
 Niagara 1 
 lakes ; vv 
 under an) 
 fal certair 
 Jng, &c, 
 As to 
 yourielf n 
 utmoft coj 
 
 ♦ This is 
 
^■ns verfed in milit7rv Jv "S'^ ^^ "ot 
 
 •"ghnefs thinks. Ztilf^mr'- "''\^'' ^°y»' 
 P-^uce, or make mentio^«;?'ght not ,o 
 
 |on which he AouM have from '^' ^°°"""'- 
 «he command of him «^» ^""".X"". to take 
 abfolute nece% • "''"=?''"§ « Ae cafe of 
 
 fo«Sti:^;'p^»ts may ferve a. a 
 
 your forces, hk Z^^"u^'''S"i with ail 
 
 «ami„ewiA theSefttrl-^'''^''"" y°" '<> 
 ™y not be pofli^rto 1 r °"t "'''«''" it 
 Niagara by a ftoL T T ** ^hio to 
 
 under any prete« th,T "°* *° ""dertake 
 «! certai^.^ that pSnT^,r*°"' ^ ™°- 
 >ng. &c. ^ j P °*^'''"™ '^'" not be want- 
 
 youtlfmirlK"'' ^"l?-^^' "^ »>=''« 
 -«confe,„^e?C^wh.^^i-fthe 
 
 ♦Th„i3Fort.frederic:I«En.li&Cn,w • 
 
 com men is 
 
( 192 ) 
 
 oommends it to you to leave nothing tg 
 chance, in tlie purfuit of that cnterprifc. 
 
 As to the rtdudion of Crown-point, peo- 
 ple arr perfuaded that the provincial troops 
 will be of much more fcrvicc j being better 
 acquainted with the country j and his royal 
 highnefs recommends to you, after the taking 
 the fort, to conlult with the governors of the 
 neighbouring provinces about a proper place 
 to build a fortification on, which hereafter may 
 may fcreen both the fortrefles and provinces. 
 
 As to what relates to the forts which you 
 ihall think necclTary to eredt, which they 
 
 {)crhaps are but too fond of in that country ; 
 lis royal highnefs recommends it to you to ob- 
 ierve, that they may be contrived in fuch a 
 manner as not to require a ftrone garrifon ; and 
 he is of opinion, that you flioulcf not build forts 
 that are conliderable, and of ftone, without 
 having previoufly fent plans and eftimates of 
 the faid fcrts to England, in order to be ap- 
 proved of by the government. His royal 
 highnefs thinks that forts of earth, witli 
 pointed (lakes and pallifadoed with good 
 ditches, • capable of containing two hundred 
 men, and in cafe of need, four hundred 
 will be fufficient for the prefent. 
 
 As lieutenant colonel Lawrence who com- 
 mands at Nova-fcotia, has for fome time 
 paft formed a plan of making himfelf mafter 
 pf Beaufqour ; his royal highnefs is of opi- 
 nion 
 - ctocjcaoca I orKf 
 
( '9.' ) 
 
 ft;rhirV'''""?>"" "'"«"■ *atyoucon, 
 
 ind r, °'" f"' l'"""' ''«h ^ '" 'I'c time 
 ■ind manner of executing this proicrt F fit 
 royal h,gh„crs forefees thft h^ .S^ n ' 
 Will be of great u(e in this expedition no 
 
 H.e ftores^nTa^l:r:„r»2 
 
 vou -to /' • ^ Ii'Shnefs recommends to 
 
 not'be for m^' ^'"=*" *^ I'^^"^'' "^^X 
 fon and whi '"? °T ""'-"P'^ '^e next fea- 
 fix on In ii P'r *'^ ™'" ""^^ P'-obably 
 
 andfrom the,nt,U,gence wlichhasbeen recont 
 mended to you, to procure by all fort of main, 
 mimediately on your arrival. It L ne/dl 5 
 menfomng to you. how attentive you oueh m 
 
 royal highnefs thinks, that the preatcft dS 
 U-oops. He therefore recommends to you to 
 

 ( '94 ) 
 
 be very careful in this rcfpedl, and to take for 
 this purpofe as foon as pofTible, certain mea- 
 fures with the governors, your quartcr-mafter- 
 general, and your commiflarics. /hope the 
 extraordinary fupplies which are carried you 
 by the fleet, and the dioufand barrels of beef 
 defigncd for your fubfiftence, will facUitatc 
 and enfure tlie fupplying of your troops. 
 
 I believe to have omitted above, none of all 
 the points on which you defired to have fome 
 eclarcifcmcnt. If fo : you may expofe them 
 now, or hereafter. If you will be fo 'rood 
 as to communicate to me, fuch points as may 
 cmbarrafs you, I fhall take it upon me to lay 
 tlicm before his royal highnefs j and to ac- 
 quaint you with his manner of thinking on 
 the fubjea. I heartily wifh you much fuc- 
 cefs ; and as this fuccefs will greatly rejoice all 
 your friends, I earncftly defire, diat you will 
 be pcrfuadcd, nobody will take greater plea- 
 fure in being informed thereof, than he who 
 IS, &c. 
 
 Signed 
 Robert Napier. 
 
 lat 
 foi 
 w> 
 
 off 
 Fn 
 Scf 
 and 
 
 Andic 
 
 We 
 
 of Ne' 
 counlel 
 l?as traj 
 have h< 
 this cit 
 
 fcdion. 
 Sqjteml 
 fifty five 
 
 Afterwards is written, 
 
 I the underwritten, counfellor in the fuperior 
 council of Quebec, certify the having tranf- 
 
lated from '* « e» t-^ . 
 
 whi'. 1 remain^ ^ r / ' ''"= ""^'nal of 
 France. S^„|~^-g<=n7l of N^. 
 
 September, one 'iS^?'^^' *« """ieth of 
 •wd fifty fiU '^''"'' '^■^^n ''"ndrcd 
 
 n I 
 
 i> good 
 
 Signed Perthuis. 
 And lower down is bitten. 
 
 of N:w*FraCr<:x"?' ";'■ '■"-''-' 
 
 counfellor in the fi^,^* *"' '^^ P«--A"is, 
 has tranflatedXX'V°""''' °'" QllS^ec 
 have heard all Ae Enlfir/^^u' ""-^ "^t we 
 *^ city. %. Aat ft •I'^? ''"'= l^^" in 
 
 feaion. Done at ^V , •«'^'' " '" pei- 
 September ont t ^^^^ ••'= *'«'«« of 
 fif^ five ' ' *°"'^"'' 'i^'^n hundred and 
 
 Signed 
 Vaudreuil and B 
 
 igot. 
 
 Cc 
 
 N U 3,1 B. 
 
( 196 ; 
 
 NUMB. XIII. 
 
 Tranjlation of a Regifter of Letters written 
 by M. Braddockt to feveral Minijlers afid 
 Englifh Noblemen* 
 
 LETTER I. 
 
 To Henry Fox Efq-, Secretary at War, 
 
 S I R, Williamlburgh, Febr. 24, 1755. 
 
 AF T E R a pafTage of fevcn weeks iri 
 which I had very bad weather, I ar- 
 rived here, where / found every thing in 
 great confulion as I cxpe(3:ed it : much mo^ 
 ney has been already expended here, though 
 very little has been done as yet. Sir John 
 St-Clair is juft arrived here, and I refer you 
 to his letters, to be informed of the bad con-- 
 dition of the independent companies of New- 
 York : the time fihce iny arrival has been too 
 fliort, to be able to give you an account of 
 them by myfelf. The governor here is of 
 opinion, that the people of this province, are 
 well perfuaded of the necefTity of giving all the 
 alTiftance in their power towards forwarding 
 an affair that concerns them fo nearly. Go- 
 vernor Dobbs is well enough fatisfied with 
 thofe of his province, and hopes to be more 
 fo hereafter. 
 
 Penfylvania will do nothing, and fupplies 
 the French with every thing they want. X 
 
 jQiaU 
 
 ihall 
 asH 
 undei 
 for ah 
 
 to Wfi 
 
 all fu 
 terefli 
 iir, & 
 
 Sir 
 
 AF' 
 ha 
 I arrive 
 govern* 
 wHl gr< 
 the ne< 
 fuccour 
 concern 
 fiibfiflec 
 in doint 
 at this i 
 ^to whi 
 This m 
 that ma 
 by his 
 in this o 
 mous ff 
 province 
 and the 
 
( 197 ) 
 
 unl^f ^V^'^y^''^''' ^»^ave been 
 Zl ."^r'^'^y/^ appointing a commilTaty 
 for about fifteen days. I fhall have occafioh 
 to write to you, and fhall acquaint you with 
 all fuch particulars as I fhaU think moft in- 
 terefting. I am with a profound relpedt, 
 
 L E T T E k 11 
 
 to Colonel Napier, Adjuttint^Generat. 
 Sir, Williamfburgh, Feb. 24, 1 755. 
 
 A k^^/ r^f'".S g°"^ ^oMgh all the 
 ^ hazards of the fea from which /got fafe. 
 I arrived here the 20th of this month The 
 governor has given me hopes that die people 
 wai grow more tradable : and diat they ?ee 
 the ncce/Tity of fupplying me widi all the 
 fuccours they can, in an undertaking which 
 
 r/KrT^' f ^'u"" P^'^?""3^- So little ofder has 
 fubfifted ludierto, that much has been fpent 
 
 in dome veiy litde Sir John St-Clair arrives 
 at this Fnftant, and you will fee by his letters, 
 rto which I refer you; what is now done. 
 1 his man is indefatigable, and has done all 
 that man is capable of doing. You will fee, 
 by his letters, the condition of the troops 
 in this country j particularly diat of tlie infa- 
 mous free companies of New- York The 
 province of Pcnfylvania the moil ncmerou.% 
 and the richeft of thefe provinces, will 
 
 do 
 
( 19^ ) ' 
 
 do nothing, and fupplies the French. The 
 bfx-Nations have now declared for theFrench 
 I have as yet but four twelve pounders,' 
 which will not be attended ^^th anv 
 great effeft if / am be obliged to make ^ 
 breach, but I cannot help that. I fhall en- 
 deavour to get fome from the men of war. 
 We have yet nodiing in readinefs to tranf- 
 port diem. My moft humble duty to his 
 royal highnefs. /am, my dear colonel, your 
 moft humble, &c. ^ 
 
 LETTER III. 
 
 TeSir r-imas Robmfin, bis MajeJlyS princi- 
 pal Secretary of State. 
 
 Sir, WtlUamfburgh, March l%, ij^e. 
 
 T ^!7'''"ere the 20th of Febmanr: the 
 X Gibraltar having failed two days after, it 
 was not poffible for me to fend you byher 
 
 bL'^T- °^K*' P«P»«"i<>ns whicK have 
 been made in die provinces for the fervice of 
 our expeditions nor of die meafures wW^ I 
 muft talce to make it fucceed ^ 
 
 Immediately after oiy arrival, I forwarded 
 W.A all fpeed, letters to the different governo^ 
 of thi, continent, in order to prevail onXm 
 to exert themfelves in Aeir refpeflive wve^ 
 ments towards obtaining fupplfes of m^n a"d 
 money.purfuant to the ordersdiey hadT«" iv^ 
 
 from 
 
 from 
 to loc 
 render 
 any pj 
 
 ecuted 
 likewif; 
 tions, ] 
 ing a 
 
 granted 
 ferve as 
 fraying 
 of our 
 difpofal , 
 able to 
 that flia 
 is the bi 
 promotin 
 the furefl 
 the peop 
 nies, as 
 between i 
 that I al 
 indeed ve 
 appearanc 
 ties in obt 
 plies whi< 
 and whic 
 The differ 
 this contir 
 what each, 
 in favour 
 they are t( 
 
render it impoffirfor ^he ^^„^ """"'" f' '« 
 '^y Provifions from u° • wlvhT^'° '^"'^ 
 ecuted here by gover":; DiSd^' "^r."- 
 
 ing a common fund otr'f'^l''*^''"'^- 
 granted by the fevers. .?'• °^ *« money 
 
 fraying the^expince ofT"' '°^^'* '^«- 
 of our expedition ll ■^t"'''^ ^'™« 
 di^ofol; ol=rinrto make '^''rS^ « «/ 
 able to each of them f f^*^"^ account- 
 
 .*« «ja» be madeV°^ %t7'r?"' 
 « the beft ftep that can L ,,^^ ''"^ 
 promoting the fe„ke r ! '"''"" '""-ards 
 
 the fureft road to S T^'^"'' '"■ ""<' 
 Ae people, and" SniJ«'^^J«'°"fy of 
 nies, as well between tS • '">' "''''°- 
 between each of th^ ; ' " '", Seneral, as 
 
 •hat I aJmoftiefSrofr'""''?^''"'^''"^''. 
 indeed very f^^ll f,,^"'='^eed,ng. J am 
 
 appearance? / SLl ^.«" ^u"' *« '" all 
 tiS^in obtJnine of tW "",* ?™" *ffi^''l- 
 
 Pl.es whichtf mle^'^xSTfro ""V"'- 
 and which the general "^^f a *=" : 
 The different govern"^ of thf"* •'''""•'■'• 
 this continent will Tthhffe/™"™" °f 
 what each of tliefrnri .'"\'"f°'m you of 
 
 in favour r;Sprd'Sr":f^"^r 
 
 thev ar^ to J- t^ ""uertaiung, and whnt 
 V -^ to.u ncreafter: All I can infoi"' 
 
 you 
 
( 200 ) 
 
 you of for the prefent, is, that governor Din- 
 widdie has already obtained from his province, 
 twenty thoufand pounds currency : and that 
 he hopes to obtain of the aflembly, vi^hich he 
 has appointed to meet for this purpofe, the 
 firft of may next, a larger fum. North-Ca- 
 rolina has granted eight thoufand pounds j 
 that of Maryland, fix thoufand pounds j 
 each the current coin of their refpedive 
 governments. 
 
 Though Penfylvania is, without contra- 
 didtion, the richeft and the moft concerned 
 in the event of this expedition j yet it has 
 fupplied nothing hitherto. I have therefore 
 wrote to the governor a very full letter; 
 which he is to lay before the aflembly of 
 that province, if he judges it neceffary, to 
 make them fenfible of their duty : I fend 
 you a copy thereof. 
 
 I make no doubt but governor Shirley has 
 acquainted you with the progrefs made in 
 the railing of the American regiments : I 
 take his to as good as complete, from the 
 accounts that have been given me. As to 
 that of fir WUliam Pepperrel, I cannot give 
 you any account. I have taken meafures 
 with Mr. Keppel, that thcfe regiments may 
 have, with all the expedition poffible, the 
 arms and cloathing deftined for each of them. 
 All the tranfoorts are arrived, excepting ine 
 Severn, which has on board a company of 
 fir Peter Halkett's reainient, which is ex^ 
 
 pedted 
 
( 201 ) 
 
 pe^cd from day to day : I have had no 
 T ^^ i'^^' ^"^^^^ o^ cantooninff my trooos 
 
 fent to England by Sir John Sinclair, I have 
 ordered the traniports to fail up the rivir 
 
 ^Trf u""* '°/'" ^^^'^ to Alexandria, 
 nnd land them where I de%n to encamp 
 
 no ri/k! "^ ^^^ourahh and apprehending 
 
 All the new raifed troops of Virginia and 
 Maiyland are 1 kewife to join me at Alexan- 
 
 the Enghfh regiments to Ibven hundred men 
 each, and (hall employ the others in the 
 momno; manner, as has been agreed on 
 widi Governor Dinwiddie ; viz. to tbrm two 
 companies of carpenters, compofed each of a 
 captain, two fubalterns, two ferjeants, and 
 hirtymen. Thefirft of thefe will be abfo- 
 lutely necefTary to make roads and boats, 
 repair the carriages, &c. and //hall make ufe 
 of the remainder of diefe fupplies to cover the 
 main body, and guard it againli: all furprizes. 
 lUefe companies will be paid by the pro. 
 vinces and on the fame footing with thofe 
 of Old England, allowing for the difference 
 of currency, which is about 25 per cent. I . 
 have alfo raifed a company of guides, com- 
 pofed of a captain, two aids, and ten men : 
 1 have eftabhfhed ports from the head quar-. 
 
 ^^'1 J?.^,^'^^^^^P^^^«> Annapolis in Maryland, 
 .„..„ ,. „ixc;miLraigiii in oraer to keep up th« 
 
 P ti corref-p 
 
( 202 ) 
 
 corrcfpondeiifce which is ncccffary for me, 
 with all the governors of thefe provinces. 
 
 As foon as I can poffibly aflcmbie my 
 troops, colled: forage, provifions, and other 
 things neceflaiy for a march, I ''^all pror 
 ceedj and let about reducing th^ rench 
 forts on the Ohio. It is a great doubt 
 whether I ihall meet with any grafs on 
 the other fide of the Alleoany mountains 
 before the end of April, whicli is the fooneft 
 I can get there. 1 have it not now in my 
 power to give you a juft account of the num- 
 ber of troops I fhall have with me. Suppofmg 
 I compleat the Englifli regiments to four thou- 
 fand four hundred men, the companies of 
 carpenters and fcouts to tlie number above- 
 mentioned,, with the independent companies 
 of New York, which fall very <hort of their 
 ccmplement, as do thofe of Caroiina j I be- 
 lieve the whole will not exceed two thoufand 
 three hundred men. I propofed to have 
 augmented them, by means of the provin- 
 cials, to the number of three thoufand. But 
 as I thought it neceffary to have an interview 
 with governor Shirley, and that accordingly 
 I ordered him to meet me at Annapolis in 
 * Mar}'land, \ have put off giving the neceflary 
 dire6tions for this augmentation till after the 
 faid interview. 
 
 I expcd; governor Shirley at Annapolis 
 in lefs than three weeks. Governor Dinwiddis 
 pfers to attend rne thitheri and I have writ to 
 
 thofq 
 
K 1f^* ''S-''. P^"iy'^'>'"'^ '" meet me 
 motlnfr fK« tr- . "'"Uence, towards pro- 
 
 you ju% whaf foL '^ L Frrhf" 
 
 on the Ohio • but If tuJ /^ench have 
 
 which we t;f^:4l*^^rd:= 
 
 or^f 'l-T?"' three .houfaL? &tr 
 
 fS kP"'°" *« A^l'-oquofe are in Ve 
 haw* ,>V««^'ft. excepting the Mo- 
 h:™?if ' •^■, V°''""°'' Dinwidaie flatter.! 
 Welf ^eatly, that thefe laft will unite S 
 fe ves with us, as alfo the CaUwhasa w^ 
 1*^ "^^°". *ough finall in number^^'j 
 fome Cherolcees. All the other fouthem sT 
 tions appear now to be linked to the f'^^i; - 
 
 (a) Theff art* fK* A _; ., 
 
 D d 2 
 
 1 
 
 I i 
 
 i,ut 
 
^ r 204 ; 
 
 but as their attachment ought to be afcribed to 
 tlie fuccefs which they have lately obtained 
 over us, it may be hoped that the appearance 
 of our army, or the leaft advantage which we 
 Ihall gain over them, will be produdivc of a 
 great alteration in tiieir difpofitions. 
 
 I fend you enclofed the extraft of a letter 
 from die officer who commands at Chowaguen 
 written to governor Dinwiddle (b) wliich 
 i)roves the monflruous and ubfurd falihoods, 
 which the French make ufe o^ to impofe on 
 the favages, and gain them over to their in- 
 terefts. 
 
 M; de Lahcey, lieutenant-governor of New 
 York, propofes to mc in his letters, to employ 
 the money which is to be raifed in his govern- 
 ment, and is deflined for the prefent expedi- 
 tion, in building forts for the particular defence 
 of that province ; as this propofal appears to me 
 to be now quite out of feafon, I wrote him 
 word, that all the affiftance that could be 
 given by the colonies, could not be better 
 employed than in forwarding the prefent ex- 
 pedition. 
 
 Governor Diinviddie writes me word, that 
 M de Lancey has agreed to a neutrality, be- 
 tween the inhabitants of Albany and the neigh- 
 bouring Indians in alliance with the French. 
 I do not fee what reafoh he has had to fuffer 
 
 ^^^l "^r^u"""^ *^'^ ^^"'^^ Pi'o^'es is, that the com- 
 mander of Chouaguen accules the French of falfhood; 
 
 a thin 
 
 g 
 
a thing of fo extraordinaor a nature /<• J bu§ 
 ^1 thmk ,t may be attended with great in' 
 
 very happy m being afibciated in his maie^-f 
 fervice With an officer, of M. Keppel'sS 
 tfcs and good difpofitions; which —,1 
 h.s readinefs to enter into ev^^ meXf 2^ 
 may be conducive to the Z^T'r .u-' 
 
 of he °'hf r,*T T'"^'^ ^ «°^ i" "ee^ 
 oi. ne has likewife let me h^va tUiJl 
 
 ^r "io!!^ ?"= <"«r "-'^^■y « CO dui 
 
 make ufe of diem with advantage in buildiri* 
 
 three killings andV^ltH" ^ 
 Ihall be obh>ed fo take o«f «f *i * 
 
 furnifhed by^Ae prolces 'asI t ?«'1 
 that the proi;ifio„s^vhi^havfbif4^'=^J 
 
 Ci "" *■ '•'•'it;; 
 
 tile 
 
( 206 ) 
 
 the cofomcfi for the (ubfiftcncc of our troops, 
 arc fufhcicnt, I fl,all be obUgcd, in order to 
 
 barrels of baefand ten tons of butter, out of 
 tbc orovifional fuppfy fc^t from England. 
 
 The jullicc which I muft do governor 
 Dinwiddle, will not allow me to Conclude 
 this letter without acquainting you, widi the 
 zeal which he has (hewn, and the pains 
 which he has taken in all fhapes, for the 
 good of the fervice on this occafion j when 
 i confider the fadion which has prevailed 
 over lum m h»8 government, I find he has fuc- 
 cecded in a manner beyond all hopes. 
 
 I hay<j his Majcfly's orders to deliver all the 
 French «;Ao fia// be taken in this expedition to 
 ammdore Keppel in order to be carried to 
 Frances but asM. Keppel, has had no direc- 
 tions from the admiralty, in this refped, and 
 that tbtsaffatr appears to bim of too nice a nature 
 
 f u?" n^'^'^^"' °'**^''» ^ "'"ft *^g orders 
 from his Majefty of a more ample nature in 
 
 xegardto this affair, and that as foon as poffible. 
 The Severn is juft arrived. 
 
 » 
 
 Jam, Sir, &c. 
 
 LETTER 
 
( 207 ) 
 
 BETTER IV. 
 
 70 the Governor of Pe„f,k„„i„^ 
 
 '"""""'"'■' '"^ir^Ma April, i,,^ 
 SIR, 
 
 IAm informed, that there an- !n 
 vince a great n,,^ ^ '" 5"^ Pro- 
 AeriverOhiof Who h™^^l "'^ I"dk"' ^m 
 thence by the Fm,ch ' 1^","?^""! «•<"« 
 them know that Tma;^, , vk""* ?°" "'" '« 
 King-, trooo, 'tj "Tft ' ^* "J^^/ *« 
 the encroachments whidi th^f K 7"* 
 
 that river, in order to ,^l^n'"'f "^ «« 
 our allie.; andt defend fc^t *." ^'«'«"' 
 their enemy. AsthefelnH.^ ''J^?'" ^g*"* 
 ly acquainid wKt r^".""'''*^^'*^- 
 
 ex^lition,Thlf yfu ^h'" *' ^"'"^ °f 4 
 
 come -di'"47^^,S''"vi^3! ^' 
 choice men ; ^nd i-o ^/Y- V » *^''" *e»r 
 ftailbe:;i,\"i^%t^*em 'hatthey. 
 
 thing neceflkry to them I i?. """"' "'X 
 quaint me «7d, what ^o-A, ^ ^ '^'" ''^- 
 affair, a. alfowhat Vn'^t™ ^"LJ^hi. 
 
 your province. I hope the S"?^ "* 
 vcrnment will take c^^reKtbXX 
 
 tho 
 
( 2p8 ) 
 
 the women and children, until the return of 
 thofe people : as they would be very troubler 
 fpme to me if they came to the cjimp. 
 
 LETTER V- 
 
 To the Right Honourable Sir Thomas Rohinfon^ 
 one oj his Majejlys principal fecretaries of 
 
 Alexandria, April ly, 1755. 
 
 3 I R, 
 
 I Had the honour to write to you from 
 Williamlburgh the i8th of laft March, 
 by a vefle! which was to fail in eight days 
 after. . . , ^ ^^ 
 
 The 13th of this month. Governor Shirley, 
 accompanied by the other Governors, of whom 
 I made mention in my laft, as alio Colonel 
 Johnfon met me here. 
 
 In this interview, M. Shirley has commu- 
 nicated to m^; a plan, formed by him and Go- 
 vernor Lawrc, -e, of which he told me he had 
 given you a- . . ;. it ^r for attacking the 
 French forts in A*- ^i: ^ as I ent^'cly approved 
 pfit, I fent irnr..ii.'^avely my orders to Colo- 
 pel Monckton, to take upon hinifelf this com- 
 mand^ 
 
 lMan( 
 
 Out d 
 
 I 1 
 
 the re 
 
 under 
 
 in the 
 
 about 
 
 Comm 
 
 comm 
 
 the fi 
 
 tatioa 
 
 horthc 
 
 As 
 
 |)rifes 
 
 Shirley 
 
 this CO 
 
 / have 
 
 for tak 
 
 hirrt,' ■ 
 
 Pepperc 
 
 tiporr t 
 
 cicri> fc 
 
 Chouag 
 
 rels, an( 
 
 New Y( 
 
 ceflary { 
 
 put in fu 
 
 the garri 
 
 AsM 
 
 iile in co 
 
 IL 
 
man^,.,d,ofctabo,.d.is expedition, with. 
 
 I have alfo fcirVri with him th^ n1-,H / - 
 the rcduaion of .;own ooin Jm if • ' (""^ 
 undertaken only by provincial troops raifJ 
 in the nortliern colonies to the number .P 
 about four thoufand four hundred undeT the 
 command of Colonel lohnfnn o F ® 
 
 commended by his treat Jnfl P''^"" '^^ 
 the r»Y ir.A- ^ • ^ ^^ influence over 
 
 ♦rife i*ti,«ff '"iSP""'"' "'^ "" °"^ *"'«'- 
 
 / fcave_ accordingly given him my orden 
 
 ».|,*'e™edit::«i.^,;;'r^„-J^ 
 r""'"-- I have !,eretofore mvcri mf or 
 ^r, for the reinforcing the^ ^Jfl Tf 
 Chonagnen with two coVniesTp" 
 rels, and & two independent compan^f of 
 New York, wliich I looked upon as TLf 
 ceiTarjr ft«,, ,„ order that the works might he 
 put m fuch a fitnation. asmay hereafterpK 
 
 As M. Shirley, is die officer who is nevt tn 
 .«e in command, and that I have the highert 
 
 ^ Opinion 
 
0'° ) 
 
 6pm;on of his integrity and his zed for hisma- 
 je%s fervice, I have aathorized him. in c^ 
 no h-eafurer was named in Ae northern parts, 
 to draw upon his Majefty-s tr,;afur«r to the 
 amount of what will be expended toward! 
 the fervice of his province. 
 
 I wrote to Ae Duke of Newcaftle, to prove 
 SunTof .? °V^8« Ais manner on^ ac! 
 ^Tk-p ''? ^^"'^ "'^ are at, and the im- 
 pofl-^ihty of conferring together on this fubjeft. 
 (He writes, that Governor Shirley propbfed 
 to hm to treat the two new raifed reriS 
 as thofe of old England.) ^ ^ 
 
 The inclofed copy will inform you of the 
 different fubjeas that have been cLaffed^ 
 the council, and which I brought on the 
 carpet at the interview which I htd w°di Z 
 Governors. As his Majefty has entrX to 
 TtI^ "re of employing fuch proper perfons 
 as /Ihould find moft fitting to |ain over, Z 
 Indian nations to his intereftsf this, in Ae 
 council appeared to me of much greater con! 
 %uence than I had imagined, ani to rZre 
 
 wards us for fome years part, is an indication 
 
 uf ^dtt/'"""' Wng diflatisfied with 
 us, and that a great want of confidence ap- 
 pears on their fide, in the arms of his majefiy 
 J pr<5»fed Colonel Johnfon as the prope eft 
 man for Ais errand, on account of die great 
 credit which he enjoys among them?my 
 
 choice 
 
 B^**** ■■II— ^^ 
 
e«hcr with ie mXi"' -"y"^-"-. '°- 
 with them. H^kS P^"' '" f^^ 
 
 of which eight hunLl '''^"^"f^nd pounds, 
 given thcmCSf ^^=.'° ^e immediately' 
 
 L coloniesfrteniain^ '"^ ^P^y^^^ ''y 
 ftnts. and in ordltoZvlhL^ ^"""^ F^ 
 make them move r P T, '.""'^ '^"'^ «° 
 power to drw on r ' '' ''^'""'^ «'''«•> him 
 
 -y other tnVl.t'rtKt "'*°"' 
 exaa account of the emn^ ''"TPS ^'' 
 
 Aall make of it A^ /'PP^^nt which he 
 
 and the n^effitlnf f ""^ "^ *« '"'^^'^e. 
 g'lSe me toTew T^'^t'^S «pon him, enl 
 
 i>e^n<hnc'°^f7„&«:5;-°^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 you. of the tySj o?'otta,wf '° 
 many colonies the eftahlin.?„ "''"""'"g f^m 
 
 agn^eable to theil'S^of ^r"""^" 
 and the circular letter,,!; i "'«,'"^J<=%. 
 drefled to me for thl r , y°" ^ave ad, 
 
 *i.v.y,itt,ehasttf^^i:,^-,yo-f 
 
.• 
 
 C 212 ; 
 
 or money by all thefe provinces. Tlie fum of 
 twenty thou'fand pounds currency has been ex- 
 pended in Virginia, altho' the money has not 
 been yet paid : the provinces of Penfylvania 
 and Marjrland perfift ftill in their refufal to 
 contribute , the province of York has raifed 
 the fum of five tlioufand pound currency for 
 the troops of that province, which I have def- 
 tined for the particular fervice of the garrifon 
 of Chouaguen ; the fum of four thoufan4 
 pounds has been moreover raifed in this pro- 
 vince for the fortifications of this government, 
 and above all the metropolis; 1 have dcfired 
 M. De Lancey to get it to pafs for the general 
 fervice ot the expedition, but I am much afraid 
 It will not be granted. 
 
 Governor Shirley will acquaint you, 
 with the expence New England has been at 
 in the prodigious levy of men, which has 
 been made m that government for the enter^ 
 pnfes tcivards the north (a), the other govern- 
 ments have don9 little or nothing. I cannot 
 help taking the hberty to lay before you the 
 
 (a) Prodigious levies made for the enterprifes towards 
 the north \ f et us recollea the fituation o/Canada w th 
 regard to the Enghfh colonies, and the fcope of tl2 
 enterprifes will be perceived by every body. Such a 
 numbenof preparations, and fuch confiderabie expences 
 certainly could not in fa6t have for fole objert tjfe un! 
 graceful country which extends from the Apalachiaii 
 
 help 
 
 I 
 
Ae large f„ms which muft be advanced for 
 ^s fervjce, and d>e imercft of thefe ^ 
 nies m this important crifis. ^ 
 
 I am obliged to acquaint you, that (he ex 
 
 m ich K. ^ '^.^■■'"nsent of each provinei 
 much beyond wiui 1 had perfuadermS 
 « would and even beyond Siat theg'C 
 ment has imagined. Among otheF in^ 
 
 MtlndiW Ti* r "'^g'"'?'^''" of the <»penS 
 attending the fervice of my province I <h^ 
 mention tl« number of horf^, JI^^, 3 
 battoes neceflaiy for .he tran^f^L^'' 
 '.Ueiy, baggage. &c. ihe co Jers and &^ ^' 
 peffive pr^e of the day labourers, ^ul 
 1 am fully bent upon proceediW with X 
 greateft ceconomy/whe^er it b^r^ddt 
 h^! P'?T"? °^ "°f. I fliall be blaWdZ 
 h.s majefty ,f by miftaken favings, coSeri^ 
 the fituat(on of aiFairs. it Ihould dccStS 
 m&arnage of Ae intended opeiitiW *" 
 You will give me leave, fir, to refer you 
 to the minutes of die council in regard to^e 
 Fppofmons which I had made t?d[de „ro 
 Wes to which no anfwcr has Lei^de" 
 particularly, m what relates to the baToe!' 
 W^ich oueht to bebuilton the lakes: thS: 
 *ng of thofe which are to be on lake Ontario 
 
 a 
 
|! 
 
 (214; 
 
 IS to belong to eovernor Shirley's province, and 
 the expencc orthefe battoes is to be paid by 
 commodore Keppel. ^ ^ 
 
 Since my departure from Williamsburgh, 
 /have had the honour to receive one of you 
 lettes. With his majefty's directions to aug- 
 ment all the regiments of this continent to a 
 thoufana men each; I have accordingly 
 employed towards the fouthern parts fuch of- 
 ficers as appeared to me moft fitting for the 
 ^urpofe of recruiting j and I difpatched a cou- 
 ncr to M. Lawrence, in order that he might 
 execute thefe his IVIajefty's orders relative^o 
 ^e regiments of his province, withall the ex- 
 pedition poffible. 
 
 I have his Majefty's orders to create no new 
 officers in thefe regiments? but this augmen- 
 
 rfe^l '°°P'^'?^«*"" with the many fmall 
 detachments which I muft make, has already 
 obliged me to name a number of fecond fubal- 
 tcrns, out ot thofe who have been recommend- 
 ed to me from home, to fcrve witfiout pay, till 
 there are vacancies. There muft be an offi- 
 
 tT"" "'^^^V^^*^^^ detachments, who is to 
 take care of die provifions and the cheft, as 
 ikewife to mark out the camps, which as 
 there are no villages, muft be done eveiy night, 
 and which are the more neceflary in this coun- 
 tryr, as the woods are very thick; the officer by 
 this means is nearer at hand to have his troop 
 under h,s eye. and has it more in his power to 
 prevent'^11 furprifelbm the Indians, who is al- 
 
 wave 
 
you the n^any difficX' I ferTr^r'^ *" 
 'n the fervce which i i,, l "™' meet 
 
 O-on, from manv . I ^"'^ "^ *is exp^di- 
 from th^oSr fT' ^'«''«' *«= one 
 
 n« for the viftuXf 7 ^"' commifla- 
 
 %ned four Mh^V dt •"l V'^^' f 
 
 named an affl/>,«* *^ y' * nave alfo 
 
 feme pa;;^ oS o^r""'"^^''' "'* A° 
 lie unaer of emni • %"^"% "Wch t 
 «t three hld^f ^ %J°'"' ^ «="> 
 now. he beine tek^n 1 ^f"* /'"'" me 
 and bridges a?H nr •j"P ""* "^'ng roads 
 horfes. ic Clhr^^f ";"'*-4gons! 
 ProviHons. and ar^le^Pri"« °"^ «ore,S 
 fo many obftacles irT w . "« ""h 
 
 «>uld not have been ^f'"^"'!;''Ses, which 
 
 been for the zeal !^/j?°""''^' ''^^ " -lot 
 »d otherTempt^ ^^*^ °^ *^ °ffi'«". 
 '^^nt of foraw n„ °, ?'^P"r*•- The 
 no remedy 7r' but Ie»- "''" ^''^'> ^ ^^ 
 to feed on Ae L ? °"' *^ ^orfes 
 ■ ""^ mountains. I „„nnf, 
 
 to 
 
( ii6 ) 
 
 fttting 6Ut to-morrow morning from hencA 
 on my way to Frederic, in order to go by thd 
 way of Wills-creek, where I fhould have 
 fxen 1.^ ore j but that I have been obliged to 
 wait for the artillery : and I am much afraid 
 the fame will delay me ftill longer. I hope 
 to be on the mont-ains in the firft days of 
 May, and in the courfe of the month of 
 June to be able to difpatch you an exprefs j 
 irho fhall inform you cf the iffue of our 
 operations on the Ohio. 
 
 Notwithfts(nding I have ufed every method 
 fbr that purpofe, I have not been able to 
 proGUtie more ample intilligence of the num- 
 ber of thd French at pr^fent on the Ohioj 
 but I expe<9: to receive more certain accounts 
 of them when I get to Wills- Creek : and I 
 fliall take my meiifur^s accordingly. 
 
 I cannot enough exprefs to you, the fatis- 
 ladlon I feel in being employed in his majefty's 
 fervice in America j at a time when I have it 
 in my power to form and execute the plan 
 of attacking the French in all their confider- 
 iable pofts, which have been fo many invafions 
 on his m^jefty's lands in North- America; from 
 the northern fide, to that of the fouth. I 
 fee a great appearance of fuccefs in each 
 of them J hut 1 perceive fo chfe a connect 
 tion between each of thefe projeSfs^ that the 
 fuccefs of oney is afiire pledge of that of th^ 
 other. If / therefore fucceed in the iirft 
 and moft important of thefe projedts, I i;m 
 
 perfuadcd^ 
 
 perfu 
 --efs 
 and 1 
 droo]: 
 nentj 
 lence, 
 whicJ 
 fojuft 
 
 Lower 
 
 , Ith< 
 
 rior CO 
 
 tranflat 
 
 woidfc 
 
 prefent 
 
 the orig 
 
 fecretar 
 
 New-Fi 
 
 the thirt 
 
 fifty-five 
 
 And ftil] 
 
 We I 
 New-Fri 
 fellor in i 
 franflated 
 
i henc^ 
 >by the 
 Id have 
 liged to 
 h afraid 
 
 I hope 
 days of 
 Dnth of 
 ixprefs ) 
 
 of our 
 
 method 
 able to 
 i num- 
 Ohioi 
 ccounts 
 : and I 
 
 e fatis- 
 lajefty's 
 have it 
 le plan 
 mlider- 
 ivafions 
 Lj from 
 ith. I 
 i each 
 cormec-^ 
 bat the 
 
 of the 
 le firft 
 
 I -.in 
 iiaded^ 
 
 ( 217 ) 
 perfuaded, will fupceed in ft.^ • » 
 --efs of the Frenrh • 1^ topping the pro- 
 
 drooping fpirits 0} ^ fe of tl^'"^ ^^ 
 nent; and to ronf^ '^^"f'jects of this conti- 
 
 knee! and Ae nelft'o" Sir ^'^ '"<'°- 
 which they have Sen for f ^^'^' "'* 
 fojuftly reproached • "^'"' "™ ?"«' 
 
 I am, 
 
 . Widithegrcateftrefpea:, &c. 
 Lowerdown is written, 
 
 I the under-written, counfellor in the fune-' 
 nor council of Quebec certiAr tk^ u P^ 
 tranflated, from ^e E^gK,^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 preient regifter of major-general Braddock's ■ 
 
 New fT,L^ " n '^ *^ governor-general of 
 Wew-France. Done at Quebec, September 
 
 S^-t: ■ °"''*°"f-d^ve„huni;eTand 
 
 Signed Perthuis. 
 And ftill lower. 
 
 We governor-gei;eral and intendant of 
 New.France certify that M. Perthuis, coun 
 lellor in the fuperior council of Quebec, has 
 tranflated from Englifli into Fr.n;i. .1/ !rf 
 
 '^ * letters 
 
r 2i8 ; 
 
 letters contained in the picfcnt regifter ; and 
 that we have heard it faid by all the Eng- 
 li(h who have been in this city, tliat the lieur 
 Perthuis fpoke Englifh, and tranflated it to 
 perfedlion. Done at Quebec, September the 
 thirtieth, one thoufand leven hundicd aad 
 iifty-five. 
 
 Signed 
 Vaudreuil and Bigot. 
 
 Other Letters of Mr. Braddock's, foiindin a 
 Book a-part from the abo'ueRegiJier, 
 
 To his Grace the Duke of Newcaflle, 
 
 Williamlburgh, March 20, 1755. 
 My Lord, 
 
 T Lay hold on this firft opportunity of exe- 
 ^ cuting your grace's commands by acquaint- 
 ing you with my arrival here, and that of the 
 veflels which have tranfported the troops un- 
 der my command. My voyage was attended 
 with great fatigue, but the tranfports have 
 been better oiFi there not being one man fick 
 on board of them. 
 
 " I am as yet ignorant, what effea the or- 
 ders of his majefly (Wiih regard to the pre- 
 sent expedition; will have produced on die 
 
 niuids 
 
 mini 
 
 tiiey 
 
 whic 
 
 have 
 
 to ex 
 
 on t 
 
 this c 
 
 order 
 
 and c 
 
 own i 
 
 To 
 
 to me( 
 
 defirec 
 
 fylvanj 
 
 their 5: 
 
 I ti 
 
 detail 
 time ir 
 
 jefttot] 
 
 give me 
 
 tbryoui 
 
 Shirk 
 
 not alrej 
 
 is, I bel 
 
 fee Mr. 
 
 the beft 
 
 wards tf 
 
 * The] 
 
 afcribed to 
 niiil not tc 
 the Ejifflini 
 
minds of the generals • t 
 
 which it was reafonablcto eLtu ^"^"'"f? 
 
 have: I labour hard and iZ^^ \ ^^ T""^"^ 
 
 to excite tliem to ufe' thl " '^^^ ^^^^"^ 
 
 <5". the provinces to hea/tr '"^ '''''''^ 
 
 thh expedition ; it t thZ J '""^"""'^ «^ 
 
 order to f].ewtIeir,Lr ^"^ /° ^^ ^t, in 
 
 and correlponrSttTth ' '" ^'^ "^^^^^^ 
 own interefls." ^"^^ ""^^^ to their 
 
 To this purpofe J wrote to eovernor ^W i 
 to meet mc at An,,,,, r • "-^"^ernorbhirJcv 
 
 Jyivania to com^ oir« • , ^ ^"" ^ en- 
 
 time in the feivirj. !„ ,. 1 • t? . , '"'-« "P my 
 >nyfdf, haviniwe , t'- '' -S^S^'l 
 
 is, I believV;;, great Lw-";"" ^'l'''''-' 
 fee Mr. Shirlev f ^'.["^^'f "■"-'s- Wiicn I 
 
 -ds the north, and /X=foUtr,;°; 
 
 march 
 
I 
 
 ( 220 ) 
 
 march with thofe which I fhall have under 
 my command, in order to the redudion of the 
 Frencli forts upon the Ohio j and I flatter 
 myfelf I fliall get, at the end of April, beyond 
 the Alegany mountains. 
 
 I have hiid fjom commodore Keppel all 
 the afliftance pofllble ; and in the governor 
 of this province, I have found a man, who 
 aflift^ in the moft handfom manner in fup- 
 plyiiig die v/ants of diis expedition. By the 
 induftry of this governor, this province is 
 now difpofed to fupply abundantly what it 
 can i which is what I dare not flatter myfelf 
 with, from the other governments. 
 
 As fmall coin would here be of great utili- 
 ty for paying the troops, I beg your grace 
 would give orders to the contractors, M. 
 Hanbury and M. Thomlinfon, to fend over, 
 as foon as pofTible, if they have not done it 
 already, four or five thoufand pounds in dol- 
 lars and half dollars ; the pay-mafter of the 
 troops having nothing now by him but gold. 
 
 I am. 
 With the moft profound Refpedt, &c. 
 
 11 
 
 n 
 
( 221 ; 
 
 TotheEarlofHallifax, 
 (without date.) 
 
 My Lord, 
 'J^HE intereft which your lordfliip takes 
 
 whfrh ^°'T°"' '". ^•""'"> «"<J *e (hare 
 which you have in the adminiftration of dieir 
 
 government call upon me to give you an at^ 
 
 Drove lf7 r""'""" ' "'•''* I '^i will not 
 prove difpleafing to you. Your lord/hip has. 
 
 without doubt, been informed of the good 
 ucceft that has attended the tranfports hitC 
 and the meafures which I toolf to fucceS,' 
 on mv arnvd m promoting the fervice of hi 
 majerty under my diredlion, and which I 
 hope Will tend to his intereft, and diat of his 
 fubjefts on this continent. 
 
 I have fome time fince, fent to the fecretary 
 of ftate an account of the fupplies which! 
 have received from all the colonies on the 
 prefent occafion ; there is no need of fendin<r 
 you the particulars thereof. " 
 
 _ I am forty to have been under the neceffity 
 of faying, that in general the inhabitants ^ 
 Aefe colonies, have all (hewn a great deal of 
 wdifferencefor his majefty's fervite, and their 
 own interefts; however they do not all fall 
 under this cenfure, and particularly diofe of 
 t-.e province I am now in, are not to be com. 
 
 pared 
 
( 222 ; 
 
 pared with their neighbours, and may not 
 have delerved reproaches. 
 
 I amperfuadcd the account which your lord- 
 fhip has received of the good dil'pofition of the 
 northern colonies ; and in pnrticlar that under 
 the command of Mr. Shirley, ought greatly 
 to liave enhanced his merit with his maitfty 
 I cannot fufficiently exprefs my indignation 
 agamft the provinces of l^Milylvania and Ma- 
 ryland, which being quite as much concerned 
 in the event of this expedition as this here, 
 and much more fo than any other on diis 
 continent, refufe to contribute in any fliape 
 towards the fupport of diis projedl ; and even 
 what they propofe, they do it only on fuch 
 terms as are intirely contrary to ^he pre- 
 rogatives of his majefty, and his inftru^ions 
 to his governors. 
 
 You will perhaps be glad to hear that I 
 have aflbmbled the governors Shirley, and 
 thofe of New- York, Penfylvania and Mary- 
 land ; and that in this afTembly I have fetded 
 the plan which is to be purfued in attacking 
 at once, the French in their encroachment^ 
 on us at Nova-Scotia, at Crown-Point, and at 
 Niagara, and which we are to do with all die 
 vigour polfible. (Here he repeats all that he 
 had written to Sir Thomas Robinfon in his 
 letter of the igth of April 1755, which is the 
 5th in the above regifter.) 
 
 I have given a full power to Colonel John- 
 . fon, to negociate with the fix nations and their 
 
 allies. 
 
 ■ L 
 
( 223 ) 
 
 aHie.. and with all ,l,c other Mans of the 
 
 Weft, as far as he fl,all find it neceffaiy , Z 
 
 I delivered h,m word., which he is to prrfem 
 
 -n.m ,n .ny name, I have likewife^.ive" 
 
 ,m mancy to nv,Uc prefent. and have authi 
 
 nfed him to draw on M. Shirley, if he fi"d^ 
 
 It neceflary, on this occafion. 
 
 •' M. Peronal has prcfented me a contraft 
 
 pafl-cdm ,7ox hythc f,x nations, by whTch 
 
 hey make over to his majefty all Aeir hunN 
 
 of the lakes Ontario and Erie, an extent of 
 country of f.xty miles in depth. I deliver^ 
 
 h,s contraa to Colonel Johnfon, U S 
 to prefent it to them in my name, and tolf! 
 fure them that I am come here only to r«=^; 
 thefe countries from the French %;. i^d 
 preferve them for their ufe." 
 
 I fliall not purfue word for word what was 
 determined upon m the council, in regard Z 
 the building of veffels on lake Ontario 
 we agreed, the commodore and myfelf thaJ 
 the drre^ion of this affair (hould be'entifted 
 
 ^ u u -'T .""'* *" " was proper he 
 (hould have the liberty to determine, « his 
 Will, the bignefs and ftrength of thefe ieffels 
 
 I pro- 
 
4 
 
 ( 224 ) 
 
 ,} P*"°P°^^ marching in order to attack, with 
 all poffible fpeed, the fort on the Ohio. I 
 fought I fhould have been by this time on 
 the mountains, but I have been kept back by 
 a number of difficulties, not only on account 
 ot the ill fituation of the country, but likewife 
 the great number of horfes, waggons, and 
 other implements which have required much 
 time before they could be made ufe of. 
 
 I fet out to-morrow for Frederick on my 
 way to fort Cumberland in Wills's Creek ; and 
 beforetheend of June, I am in hopes I fhall 
 be able to give fome account of the affair of 
 the Ohio. 
 
 I hope it will be in my power to execute 
 the plan which I have formed of recovering 
 from the French the moft confiderable of the 
 encroachments which they have made on his 
 majefty, on the frontiers of the northern part 
 of America. If I fucceed in die moft im- 
 portant of thefe operations, I am perfuaded 
 his majefty will eafily put a ftop to the projefts 
 of the French which daily grow pore and 
 more extenfive on this continent. I am with 
 relped, &c. 
 
 ^finfh 
 
 \fif 
 
( 225 ) 
 
 Another letter, 'which was, it is prefumed 
 'written to AT. Robinfon, though it hars 
 not the name oftheperfon to whom it is ad. 
 arej/ed. 
 
 At fort Cumberland in mils' s Creek 
 
 T ^^ f^f ^?"our to write to you from Fns* 
 derick m the laft days of April. 
 
 17th die reft of tlie army came up alfo here 
 trom Alexandna, after a march of feven and 
 nventydays and having met widi great de- 
 Jays and difficulties, not only on account of 
 the bad roads, but alfo the want of forage, 
 and indeed the want of zeal in the people For 
 the fuccefs of our expedition 
 
 I have at laft affembled all the troops de. 
 ftined for the attack effort du Quefhe; thev 
 amount to two dioufand eifeaivTmen, eie. 
 ven hundred of whom are fupplied hy die 
 fouthern provinces, who have fo little courage 
 and good diipofition, diat fcarce any military 
 fervice can be expefted from them, aldiough 
 
 them ^""P^"^^"^ '^^ ^^^ °^cefs to form 
 
 My defign on my arrival here was to ftay 
 
 kI! !k ^"^^i'^'Z ^"^y '° '^^'^^ ^y troops 5 
 m the difficulty of getting waggons and 
 
 ^ 1; horfes 
 
( 226 ^ 
 
 horfes to crofs the mountains has detained me 
 a whole month. 
 
 Before I fet out from WiUiamsburgh, the 
 quarter-mafter-general told me, I might de- 
 pend on two thoufand five hundred horfes 
 and on two hundred waggons, as well from 
 Virginia as Maryland -, but I had great reafon 
 to miftruft It; from the experience which I 
 have had of the deceit of all the perfons of 
 this country widi whom I have had any deaU 
 ings i wherefore, previous to my departure 
 from Frederick, I defired M. B. Franklin, 
 poft-mafler of Pennfylvania, who has great 
 credit in the province, to conclude a bargain 
 for an hundred and fifty waggons with the 
 horfes necefTary, virhich he has executed with 
 equal quicknefs and probity j and indeed this 
 Js almoft the only inftance of capacity and 
 honefty that I have feen in allthefe provinces. 
 All thefe waggons and horfes have joined me, 
 and on them I ground all my hopes, the fine 
 promifes of Maryland and Virginia have 
 ended in a fupply of twenty waaaons and two 
 hundred horffes. With this number I fhall 
 be able to fet out from hence, thouah I fhall 
 meet with infinite difliculties, efpeaally as I 
 fhall march with half the quantity of flores 
 which I expeded to have had; and having 
 been obliged lo fend before me a detachment, 
 in order to fix upon a place to lodge our 
 ftores in on the Allegany mountains, 'which 
 ?re five days march from hence. 
 
 I ftouia 
 
lined me 
 
 rgh, the 
 ight de- 
 ed horfes 
 ell from 
 at reafon 
 which I 
 erlbns of 
 iny deaU 
 leparture 
 •Vanklin, 
 las great 
 L bargain 
 with the 
 ited with 
 leed this 
 icity and 
 rovinccs. 
 Ined me, 
 
 the fine 
 ia have 
 and two 
 r I fhall 
 filfhall 
 ally as I 
 jf ftores 
 
 having 
 chment, 
 dge our 
 I which 
 
 [ ^lo^|(J 
 
 ( 227 ) 
 co^d rive of T'""^'''^;"*'""^ '^Wch I 
 
 1 cannot help adding to whLl 1*" ^?""'^^' 
 «oW you, tw^r th"fee i„I^:I'>-->-'^y 
 
 for fubfS&:''r '" J"":, ?"dj" ^g-^. 
 
 been concluded on Sdit 'f il^'^'^u'""* 
 fand pounds of 7h. of twenty thou- 
 
 expeditton TinZ'^.'/'"'"^ *°»'"d= «!>» 
 
 poStiouTaico <ilVc&f'''*^. "y f- 
 
 «he perfon. who Sd el«d tJ-^' '^'^ 
 «ent. came to tell roe^S„ rh- «" ^8^7 
 •efirfed to fulfil the Sv^morl /„ *" ^"^ 
 and confequently the^ter^ Va^S^IT'"!'' 
 this was of the utmoft confequeZ faff. A 
 ™medu.tely to become myfiuHtv fr,t 
 ^ey on ,he terms ffi/ulatid'hYe^ 
 
 what was ftipulatedin thfr ^^ "''" '"'' ^^""^ 
 would he eiWe fo A^'/!1^8^^^«="t. nor 
 
 oxen in l»ft A^ "^ forth-coming of the 
 oxen m lefs than two months, at wllch tim! 
 they would be of little or no ufe 
 
 ^S^ Another 
 
( 218 ; 
 
 Another example : the Marylartcl agent 
 employed to fupply the troops with provifions, 
 had got fome together, which at lirft fight 
 Were found to be all fpoiled, and Jfaw myfelf 
 under the neceflity of fending an hundred 
 miles in order to buy up others. 
 
 This difjpofition of the people not only de- 
 lays the fchemes of his majefty, but likewife 
 encreafes the expences to near double : " thefe 
 arf^ oa;afioned by thedifficulty of carriage thro' 
 <:ountries hitherto uninhabited," and ftill un- 
 known 2nd ihipradlieable to the inhabitants 
 themfelveSj who dwell in the lower parts, 
 meeting every where with a continual chaih 
 €>£ mountains, fo that the expence furpafles 
 gieatly the principal, this has been tfie caufe 
 of my leaving at Alexandria a quantity of 
 ftores, which would be very neceflary for m^ 
 here. The condudl of all thefe governments 
 to me appears unexampled. This negligence 
 is fomewhat excufable in the lower fort, be- 
 caufe their trouble has not been fufficiently 
 rewarded, and that having been employed in 
 the publick fervice on former occafions, the 
 payments were negleded. We learn from 
 experience, what the ill confequences are of 
 fuch proceedings. 
 
 As I have his majefly's orders to employ all 
 polTible means to fix the Indians in our in- 
 terefts, I have afTembled fome from the fron- 
 tiers of Penfylvania, and efpecially of the Six- 
 nations, and have had already two or three 
 
 confer 
 
 fome 
 
 numb( 
 
 numbc 
 
 they ai 
 
 very g] 
 
 but th( 
 
 by the 
 
 ginia : 
 
 with th 
 
 toward 
 
 much ( 
 
 would 
 
 cionfidej 
 
 tfadfe w 
 
 The 
 
 the Fr* 
 
 there bi 
 
 report t 
 
 Informe 
 
 at fort 
 
 ftrong r 
 
 They 
 
 ftand oj 
 
 tended 
 
 for Nov; 
 
 Thel 
 
 which a 
 
 of Crov 
 
 c»'er, ^ 
 
 greatefl j 
 
 zeal for ^ 
 
 con- 
 
( 229 ) 
 conferences with them. I have made them 
 fome genteel prefents : they are now' fifty in 
 number, but I hope to draw a far greater 
 number to me. When I arrived in America, 
 they affured me that I might depend on a 
 very great number of the fouthern Indians • 
 but diey have been totally alienated from us 
 by the bad condudt of the government of Vir- 
 ginia : the truth is. that in all the dealings 
 with the Indians, thefe people have behaved 
 towards Aem with fo little regard, and fo 
 much dtftH>nefly, that a very, large expence 
 would be now neceffary to gatnW^cir 
 ^nfidence and none is to, be had' cveri in 
 tnoie who have embraced our intcrcflj. - ■ ' 
 The fituation of the country is fucii, that 
 the French can have no • coomrnqnicatiol 
 there but by means of the Indians, on whofe 
 report there cannot be mudh reliance j I arn 
 infortned, that their number is verv fmall 
 at fort Du Quefne, but that they cxpcd a 
 Itrong reinforcement. - ' ^ . 
 
 They write me word tfikt ^two thoufand 
 ftand of arms are arrived. They Were in- 
 tended for New.En|gland,biit flipped off 
 for Nova-Scotia. ■ 
 
 The battoes deftined to tranf)ort the troops 
 which are to form the attack- t)f Niaeara and 
 of Crown Point, are getting ready. How- 
 ever, New-York, which is to fupply the 
 grcateftpart of them, does not Aew as much 
 zeal for this affair as T roirlH ^;^ > 
 
 It 
 
( 230 ) 
 It having appeared td me, that a road 
 trough Penfylvania would be (horter and 
 more proper for cftablifhing a communication, 
 after the troops have pafled the Allegany 
 mountains, I defired the Governor to make one 
 m that pro. nee, from Philippenfbureh to the 
 river of Yaughy-Aughane. I am juft in. 
 fornicd, they are working on it conftantly, 
 and that It will be compleated in a month! 
 This road mjiU be of the greateft importance, 
 poth to faahtate the arrival of convoys, and 
 to Iccure my communication with the 
 northern colonies. 
 
 . I now. wait only for mv laA convoy to fet 
 out on my march, and if no accident inter- 
 
 r^fk* li?^ '" ^°P^' ^° ^S^ it '^ five days 
 by the AUegany mountains. I expeic to meet 
 
 l!Zfw''''^,^'^''rV''^^' Thediftance 
 from this place to the fort is one hundred and 
 
 ten miles : we fhall be continually employed 
 
 in making a road as we proceed, which niuft 
 
 be done with mfinite labour a crofs moun- 
 
 are ItecD, and divuied by torrents and rivers. 
 
 I will take the firft opportunity to acquaint 
 you with my fituation, after leaving this plaS, 
 and am with the profoundeft refpeft, &«. 
 
 I under-written CounfeUor in the fuperior 
 council of Quebec certify, the having tranfla' 
 ted from Engliih into French, wordTor word 
 
at Quebec, the S,T^,S; ^ "^ ^""« I'ow 
 tho^ndfeve*1.uSt^^/,^»^ - 
 
 Signed Perthuis. 
 And ftill lower* W#» r>^, ^ 
 
 we have heard all the EnS^ u " ' u ** /^^' 
 in this town fav thff .K. ?• V?° ?*^« ^^^^ 
 
 Signed. VaudreuU and Bigot. " 
 
 Keppel is dated WilliSLF^h""'^''^'' 
 by tliis letter he bcneTouM ''™7 7* 
 cohoms, larcalTes. ,n3 «.i, .'' '^"'« the 
 
 to caror fir:S^,t*a"^' ,^'*'"?* 
 immediatelv landed -^'^'^a'nte. to be 
 
 Robert ame dd^^^i^' °*^'- J' ^om M. 
 and addreffXot'irSJ°ke:''' ^"'^"'' 
 
 yo»tlreceive-aii1i;,da^:tdr^S 
 
( 232 ; 
 
 them to be fupplied with every thing they 
 fliall demand : he defires, that if they chufe 
 to enlift, they may be taken without difficulty, 
 and that neither the term nor appearance be 
 confidered, in order to pafs them as ef-- 
 fe(aive/: 
 
 JdStter from M, Charles Lawrence to General 
 Braddock, 
 
 Hallifax, May lo, 1755. 
 S I R., 
 
 I Had the honour to receive your letter, 
 dated from Annapolis in Maryland, A- 
 pril 7. by a veffel arrived two days ago from 
 Philadelphia. You will give me leave to 
 aflure you, that nothing could give me 
 greater pain, than that you fhould have the 
 leaft idea of my having failed in my duty, 
 and the due deference which I make a point 
 of fliewing to thofe I owe any. 'Till the in- 
 ftant I received your letter, / was neither in-f 
 formed of your arrival in Virginia, nor of the 
 exteniivenefs of your commiflion ; and no 
 fooner have I been apprized thereof, than I 
 have taken the iiril opportunity to fend you 
 a general ftate of the fituation of aifairs in this 
 province, and an account of the forces and 
 troops which his Majefty has here, widi re- 
 marks on the feveral particulars : I flatter 
 fnyfelf you will liave received them, and that 
 
 • '!• ' 1 
 
ail7w'm! T' "^''^ y°"^ approbation. I 
 a^Iow my having communicated to Com- 
 modore Keppel, as he has acquainted you : 
 Ae projeaedexpedition, in orderto put a^ftorj 
 to thel^rench encroachmets atBeaufejour and 
 the nver of St. John, which has been concerted 
 between Governor Shirley and myfelf. And 
 what gave rife to this, were the prfmary orders 
 Which captain Rous, commander of one of his 
 Itlajefty's fh ps, had received from the Admi! 
 ralty to take orders from the Commodore, 
 which together with fome other advices 
 made me conclude, diat M Keppel was in 
 Virginia ; but /had dien no kiSwldd^e of 
 your arrival in America, nor even any cer- 
 tainty of your coming there, and / could lefs 
 ItiU form any certain judgement as to the 
 nature and extent of your commiffion. Such 
 IS the real ftate of the cafe: I hope you 
 willdomejuftice. ^ ^ 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Mondon, with the 
 troops of the province under his command, is 
 now, I believe, very near, if not before the 
 French fort of Beaufejour ; and as I have cut 
 ott all the communication by land between 
 this place and the northern parts of the pro- 
 vince, m order to put it out of the power of , 
 the French to get any intimation that may be 
 prejudicial to our defigns, I cannot acquaint 
 you, with the progrefs that the Lieutenant 
 Colonel has made. I (hall do myfelf the 
 
 "4* honour 
 
( H4- J 
 honour to inform you of the particulars of our 
 cntcrprize by the firft opportunity. 
 
 I fhall be particularly attentive to your or- 
 ders for augmenting to a thoufand men each 
 of the regiments that are here, and fhall lofe 
 no time in doing it. If /was informed of the 
 conditions on which thofe people are to be 
 raifed, and what pay they are to have: but as 
 the particular orders concerning the augmen- 
 ^tion, are not yet come to my hands from 
 England, and that no officer is yet arrived 
 I believe you will judge it impradicablc 
 for me to proceed in it, till fuch time as / 
 ihall have tlie inflructions and aiTiflances 
 Ueceflary. 
 
 Upon the advices which I received from 
 New England, with regard to the men, raifed 
 there for governor Shirley's and Sir William 
 Peppercl's regiments, and die difficulties met 
 Widi m raifing thefe recruits, I fear greatly 
 that the augmentation of your troops will 
 take up much time, and be at die end ; but 
 badly compofed, if I ffiould be obliged to fend 
 there for the number which ffiall be want- 
 ing. But I hope to meet with better fuc- 
 cefs among the provincial levies now at Beau- 
 fejour, who, if I am well informed, are com- 
 pofed of good men, and may be enlifted 
 more fpecdily, and at lefs expence, than thofe 
 who may be taken from die continent, after 
 the nuiijber of recruits already raifed there. 
 
 In 
 
 In 
 pofed 1 
 you, i 
 Willia 
 the pre 
 but obi 
 great n 
 on the 
 tween 
 Beaufej 
 place, 
 appreh( 
 I am ft 
 yet, no 
 Americ 
 with F 
 pearanc 
 neceflar 
 efteem 
 fuch caf 
 it is pn 
 and all 
 vill no- 
 of poftj 
 defend -, 
 even in 
 what thi 
 well arn 
 arms, ar 
 
C *35 ) 
 
 In ray letter of the 29th of March, I pro. 
 Ked to governor Shirle/.o apply ourfelve^ I 
 r»> m order that his regiment, or that of fir 
 Wilham Pepperel-s, might come here to pro ei 
 
 b«t obf.rved, that afterwards I did not fee ajy 
 ^eat neceffity for a meafure of this fort, being 
 on the pomt of receiving two fhoufand, and be! 
 tween two or three hundred men w l.o are at 
 Beaufejour; the only paffage by land to this 
 
 a^nrL^^ T ^ "^^ "^S"?' ^^'^ ""V ^ing to 
 
 iTm mil n^SIT ""S^^"'' A- French: 
 i am ftll, of this fentiment; there beina ai 
 yet, no real alteration in the face of affair? in 
 America: however, ftould a rupture happen 
 with France (an event foun<fed on ap- 
 pear^ces and reports; it would be extremely 
 neceffary for us to keep on our guard. J 
 efteem .t my duty to acquaint you that in 
 fuch cafe, the three regiments augmented Is 
 and F^^^'r ^'* u*' ''^°''''' *''« militia. 
 
 WU noways be m proportion to the numbed 
 of pofts which we muft be obliged to 
 defend; efpecially if it be confidered, that 
 
 wen ±^/'" if "'^''' ^'•^"^''> '"habitants 
 ^1; '""f'v'^'" "P^rienced in the ufe of 
 arms, and alfo are connefted with the French 
 
 Hh2 
 
 King J 
 
( 236 ) 
 King; • fo that upon the leaft attempt which 
 Canada /hould make to invade us. X bch'eve 
 It IS more than proabablc that they would 
 immediately pm them. As I take this ar- 
 t:c e to be of importance, I thought it ray 
 duty to fubmit it to your reflection. ^ 
 
 I under-written, cpunfellor In the fuperior 
 council of Quebec, certify the h^ing 
 tranllated &c. p 
 
 NUMB. XIV. 
 
 'Speeches pronounced to the Savages, by order 
 ^^f lender the inffeSlion of M. Johnfons 
 and the anjwers which were made him, 
 
 S P E E C H I. § 
 
 To the Six-Nations, on the part of General 
 Braddock. 
 
 Brothers, and Allies of the Six-Nations. 
 
 I Have already called you fevcral times to. 
 gether, to treat with you about different 
 affairs, of which I had no knowledge before 
 
 t Tf' J '"^*'°"' therefore of the French, were ao- 
 prehended onh^ m cafe of a rupture; that is to fL In 
 
 TV"""' ■ ye' l!^^7^ theLcufiions conSneJ Z 
 theMemor.als fent by Mr. CornwalJis. 
 
 A \. d" f "^^^ n '^^ ^^^ ^^ P^ace in general Brad- 
 dock's Regifter. But t is likelw i> «,ac «L . 
 till after the one that fo W ^ " ^^^ "^ pronounced 
 
 I cam 
 
 know 
 
 land, 
 
 him; 
 
 prefen 
 
 gives 
 
 affcftic 
 
 I h 
 
 your V 
 
 loon y 
 
 their a 
 
 know) 
 
 ithaCm( 
 
 yourfat 
 
 Ipropc 
 
 to the 
 
 cifjx)liti 
 
 vein ai 
 
 recomn 
 
 provino 
 
 care of 
 
 Broth 
 
 TTgi 
 * you j 
 
 * Thef 
 had quitte< 
 tionof M. 
 
I c»me among you ; a„d which »rt oat mt 
 known to your father 4. ^, kmLTkC 
 
 &r " ' '•^'^"""y °^ his paternal 
 I have delayed you for ibme time, with 
 your women and children, i„ hopes offcd^t 
 foon your brothers the Delaware"; » but a! 
 Aeir arrival .s as yet uncertain, and tfut i 
 know you do not love to remain i^aflive^nj 
 Aat moreover, the fervice of the ^^t 'Zt 
 Tnr!;,^".'^"''" " '^"^^ afliftancffromS 
 to the end that you may exert your warlike 
 
 (r^n and children to Penfylvania: I have 
 recommended to the king's governor of diat 
 
 A fine Belt of Wampum. 
 
 Brothers and Allies of the Six-Nations. 
 
 JT gives me great pain to fee how much 
 * you fuffered yourfelvea to be iU-ufed and 
 
 * T***^? Savages are likewife caJled Wolves Th*« 
 
 <|eceived, 
 
for our own ufe : You were greatly impofed 
 
 ^^/r^ ^\ y putting himfef in the real 
 
 ffire"*:'^ *f '""^^ ^h'^* ^« '^«'ndi 
 to lecure to vou for your own ufe folelv and 
 
 yourparticufarintereft. I declarelotu fa 
 the prefence of your chiefs and your war 
 riors who are here affembled, ^Z,Zhlv 
 to the inftruftions I have receiv^S Z 
 great lung your father; Aat if you wilZr*! 
 
 Z '^'f.ft"J y"'- ''""*. °f which you have 
 
 aUhVitS'?''""^""'"'' -"-^w 
 r„ ™ "™« "me, fecure you an open trade 
 
 m America, from the rifing to thefeSing ^ 
 
 leni?'taTr',he%?'"'''l'''"S" charged with vio. 
 over el,eiShb„™"T' ''5' "''t- ^T^''- » e»'" 
 with thofe of M Wa'lhiJlZn ?°'l ""'/ifc^ffe 4™ 
 
 -ti^^>^^^onp:r:^^^l^^^' a. ,hcir 
 
 the 
 
( 239 ) 
 
 no^^,"?- /' '"■''"y "'^" '"«'«"'. that I have 
 no particular views or any other defign, Zn 
 
 great king your father ; and of the Six Na 
 non^ and their allies, and I promiff^^ ; 
 be your./r/.Wand your irotf,er 1 fo 4g ^^ 
 we fun and moon fliall endure. ^ 
 
 A great Belt of Wampum. 
 
 I have been aflured that when prefents 
 we:« made you on former occafions, feme o^ 
 our people have been fo wicked as to ^"oke 
 
 means for a very fmall matter, what had 
 been given you. I have given o ders to pr^ 
 prevent for the futre fuel, proceedings Tj 
 direatenmg with death, all tEofe who M 
 be convidled of Ais fault : and I beg you wm 
 
 wL ftn Z y°",P'"PWn'» "galnft thofe 
 ^;,L i '? "1 ^' manner; and. as a 
 fnenJ and a Mr, I will do you juffice 
 
 I have nothing farther to deiire. but toVee 
 you accept with pleafure. the prefents ww4 
 le before you. and fee you divide them 
 a^nong you, according to your cuftom and 
 your native equity. I hope they wUUrove 
 agreeable to you, and you^nay Lm ti^ o 
 
 ^^ Tha-^^isr^-t 
 
 \ 
 
 powder 
 
Iw.' 
 
 ( HO ) 
 
 • powder ind Ms. be diftributed to Aich of 
 your warriors as want any. 
 
 our late brother Ac l,tL?^'dto:^t 
 
 ^th mf ^ ^ ' '"i^ *"' y°° '^ai jom 
 ^*^stir"^"'""'=^"^"Wsde'a.h 
 
 Brothers belawares and Caievanons. • 
 
 «TOn, to ^affinatc a number of your brothers 
 AeEnghA. m the habitations of cS^ 
 I am perfuaded this did not proceS^from 
 «ny inchnation that was natural to Z Z 
 
 &"■ ^rf^^ *•= inftigation^°of Ae 
 fault ,;jT^°" "^ y°" "Cknovs^edge your 
 
 W^h7 f chearfolly, I am wflling to 
 waHi^Zf"'*""''* tranfsreffion. ani I 
 will itUl receive you as brothers. This I 
 
 rrl2Sb^ri;at'L"™'°s^s'^-- 
 
 **»y'5> '7SS- ^'^^ J°"''soN. 
 
(«4i ) 
 
 S P E E C H II. 
 
 the Speech of the Honourable William Johnfori 
 EJqutre- Juper-tntendant for the a fairs of 
 
 low Caftle of the Iropois Indians ^ tn the 
 presence of lieutenant Butler of Rutherford! i 
 company of captain Matthew Ferral, Ueu^ 
 ttnant John Butler -, and of 
 
 Daniel Claule 1 t^^^^i j r 
 
 Meg. 
 
 WilliamPrinius 
 Jacob Cknutit 
 
 \ 
 
 Interpreters, 
 
 Brothers of the two Caftles of the Ani6, 
 
 I Wipe away all tears from your eyes, anJl 
 clean down your throats, -ihat /ou may 
 fee and fpeak without reftrairtt. I aL daj Z 
 fee you, and 1 falute you heartily. 
 
 Gave a ftring of Waiuputt, 
 
 I wiA you could have conformed to what 
 I defH-ed of you by a letter, which I wrofe 
 to you from New York immediately on mv 
 return from Virginia , wherein I M 
 that all your chiefs and warriors WouR 
 
 ^ ' for 
 
( H2 ) 
 
 for my return home ; in order to hear the 
 news and be informed of the orders which 
 I received from his excellency general Brad- 
 dock, (a great warrior) whom the kin<., our 
 common father, has fent to this country with 
 a great number of troops, large cannons, and 
 Other implements of warj in order to pro- 
 tea: you as well as his fubjeds of this conti- 
 nent, and fcreen you from the encroachments, 
 and all infults, on the part of die French. 
 
 I have been to meet this great man, widi 
 the governors of Bofton, New York, Penfvl- 
 vania andM^iyland: we alfo found there 
 the governor of Vir^ginia, and another areaJ 
 man, who commands the fhips of war'' be- 
 longing to the king in this part of the world. 
 They deliberated m the great council upon 
 many important affairs ; among which great 
 attention was paid to the advantage and in- 
 
 Adr alhes """' ' ^^ Six-Nations and 
 
 reft of the Six-Nations have fo ofjen, and fo 
 earneftly defired fhould be replanttd, is grown 
 up by 10 powerful a hand, that its roft ^l" 
 ItTC'" to the bottom of die eardi. and its 
 branches will form a refrelhing Ihade. to 
 cover you and your allies ^ withal I 
 
 inftruaions which die great king your father 
 has given to general Wddock! I am ap- 
 pointed to be fole fuperintendent over Til 
 
 tilC 
 
I ( 243 ) ' 
 
 tlie affairs which rclaf^ ^« 
 « «l.is pare of Ae world ^T'""'' y°"' ='"''^'- 
 your hUers o7 A?fi" „„ J^"^ P"' »"d 
 your allies to mJ^ j r "^'* "'"'ons, and 
 
 [his treerwh^7o:"'„S'r['"^'-^ -der 
 hearts, and heal ,,n,l^ ^^f'y open your 
 
 which was at A L '5'^°"' °f 'he fire 
 
 «ake it of fu A wo'otelf " f'"^' = ^ "'" 
 
 hope^it wll Irove frf ^''"''* ''^«- I 
 fortVble to all S whlTr"^ ""'' ">"'- 
 their pipes at it and rfT,? w '<^""^ '° %ht 
 coals ^^ burn ^? tW '\'^'^'^« ""'^ '5=0' 
 be its enem^™ '^' *°^' ^ho are. or fhaX 
 
 he^p&t\C\lte •'-hers, will 
 
 tage of this fire Tl ' * '"'*'■'' '"^^ '"'^'"i- 
 alwavs ul t -^^^^'"2 and holding it 
 
 »o/onty to y:'re?;r^LraV'y:.^'> 
 
 ittabflruteTnlXTat'"^ '■^^-'-^: 
 all fires that have bee7kinrf. IT' """"^"'^ 
 ^d unnatural wtytrw^t^ ^'^-j- 
 
 A Belt, 
 
 Je°fcth!!?,*i«fi?i°^^«p-i 
 
 ^^ vuuuwi, and dear 
 
 • it 
 
( 244 >^ 
 
 it fo as nothing ofFenfive remain in it ; and 
 1 hope you will be pleafed to take care 
 that no malignant ipirit do creep in among us, 
 and that nothing do interrupt our harmony. 
 
 Gave a firing of Wampum. 
 
 Brothers, It gives me concern to fee, now 
 a. my return, that many among you of the two 
 villages, have a mind to go to Canada. It 
 would furprife me greatly, fhould you, who 
 have been our moft faithful friends, and our 
 nearefl neighbours, betray on any occafion, ^ 
 defire of being impofed upon by the wicked 
 artifices of the French, who are fo well known, 
 and of whom you have had fuch fatal tryalsj 
 efpecially at a time, when that refllefs and 
 perfidious nation breaks through the mofl 
 folemn treaties, and tranfgreffes the mofi ef- 
 fential duties of honour and juflice. It would 
 be the flrangefl thing in the world ! I flatter 
 myfelf that there is no foundation for what 
 has been told me on this occafion. I requefl 
 of you, nay, I infifl on it, that none of you 
 under any pretext whatfoever, have any cor- 
 re^ndence with the Frenchman, or receive 
 any of his cmifTaries, nor any vifit from 
 Canada, without my knowledge and appro- 
 t>atiop. , 
 
 On this proniife I give you this belt. I 
 propofe to call, immediately, your other bro- 
 thers of the Six-nations to this prcfent fire : 
 I hope you will come hither along with. 
 
 them, 
 
( 245 ) 
 them. I /hall pronounce a fpeech of his ex- 
 cellency general Braddock's,' it is accom- 
 panied with prefents for you, which the great 
 king your father, has fent by this warrior. 
 
 After a feiio Inftants of Confultation among 
 themfehes, Abraham, one of the Chiefs of the 
 Upper Village, got up andfpokefor the two. 
 
 Brother, 
 
 Y ^ U have called us together, to acquainJ 
 •*• us with the news which you have 
 brought with youj and we have heard all 
 you have faid. We put off entering into a 
 detail of all thefe affairs, tillfuch time as the 
 Six-nationsfhall be affembled here. 
 
 Qav? a ftring of Wampum. 
 
 Brother, We return you thanks for that 
 
 you have been pleafed to wipe the tears 
 
 off our eyes, and make our throats and this 
 
 floor clean : We do the fame by you with 
 
 his ftring of Wampum. 
 
 They gave a ftring of Wampum. 
 
 Brother, Tp pleafe you ; we have met you 
 at this place, and have with great attention, 
 heard all you have faidj we thank you for 
 your friendly intimation j we are rejoiced to 
 fee you here once more j and we falute you 
 with this ftring of Wampum. 
 
 They eave a ftring- of Wamnnm. 
 
 Brother, 
 
^ther, the great king, that the tree miuht 
 ^. ?f'^ "P /sain. We are th^uS 
 pleafed at our father's yielding to our reaS^'^ 
 and wetliank him fo]- it ver^ fincere k^^^^ 
 
 au you have faid relating to this tree • w% 
 fmcerdy wirh it may continue fuch as'v™^ 
 have defcribed it in your fpeechT and ^we 
 
 w|ht;sIras''aXeS!^-oeieS:,:S 
 at th,s place. You have caufcdZS^- 
 •t to be brought from Albany ; and you L' 
 
 £ which"' 1:^'^\°f-"n«'a/dfriend! 
 Unp. which ought to be compofed of good 
 and cverlafting wood ; fo as it may be aK 
 
 17 -"It ""^ ^=^ " co,„fortab^Ie andT 
 neficial heat on all thofe that Ihall approadi 
 It « fnends; while it burns and St 
 
 Our firft fathers have Hndled this lirft fe aj 
 Onondago, and have .hence tranfpo ted ,he 
 
 l^ider • i this fire has never burned dear 
 and It was going out. We feel great S 
 faaion at your kindling this iirelere. 
 
 ♦ This is Al^y, in oie Savage language. 
 
 fiiothers. 
 
b others of the Six united-nations and th-ir 
 f f ' come and feat ourfelves under , he 
 fee which you have fpoke to us of th4 
 we may there fmoke Lr pipes at i'e ^ 
 of councd. and labour joi^nfiyat p'efervfng 
 «. We make no doubt but &ey will feel 
 
 t)een all defirous to fee it here. But we muS 
 
 teVlTo<ty.*^"^'*°"''^^»'«''^^«- 
 
 Bro&er. We thank you for having cleaned 
 out th.s chamber of iundl, and iS 
 
 feein'"!-:/" *" -'gh' P-e S e 
 
 do our utmoft to correfpond with your in- 
 
 Brother. You have told us that you had 
 been .nformed fome perfons among us WSe 
 ?o>ng. to fee the FrSch, and you IT's 
 '" ™'"'» ?( Aeir condua towards ou^r firft 
 fadiers. wh.ch we remember perfeftly we U 
 for the.r bones are ftiU to be feen ; we\^ow 
 Ae Frenchman is falfe and deceitful: heZ 
 
 fl us Vn,f t u''", ^"^ '■"" °f P"ifc" 
 tor us. You, brother, know our afSurs as 
 
 well as we do ourfelves ■ and „™, y/ I 
 reft n( tho <!,v l.^'' ' ^"l yo" Know, the 
 reit ot the Six-nations are ealous of us ■ be- 
 
 *= ""^d '"*; iiatUjc-t in the laft 
 
 war 
 
( 248 ; 
 
 tvar aeainft the Frenchman. Shall w« pafs 
 now tor being falfe and deceitful ? no. You 
 mav depend upon it, we /hall not go to Ca- 
 nada upon any invitation of die Frenchman j 
 for we are not enough their friends. There- 
 fore you are not, brodier, to give credit to all 
 the reports which have been made you on this 
 occaiion. 
 
 Brother, Once more we thank you heartily 
 for all you have told us. We have already 
 urged the neceffity of affembling here the 
 Six-nations, in order to give you a pofitivc 
 anfwer: wc thank you for die invitation you 
 have given us to meet you here widi the 
 reft of our brothers. We /hall not failto wait 
 for them. 
 
 ^e Mohawk Chief of the Upper Village 
 (Ani^,) having dejired a Conference with 
 Colonel Johnfon, in the prefence of the Se- 
 cretary for the affairs of the Savages, and 
 the two Interpreters : Abraham, l5>o/J^ in 
 the name of this Chief andfaid, 
 
 Brodiet, 
 
 ly H E N you were at NeW-Vork, you fent 
 ^^ us word that you wifhed our chiefs and 
 our warriors would remain on their Matts, and 
 Wait for your return here. We have done it j 
 and why /hould we not, fince, at all times, 
 we have /hewn owrfelveg ready to oblige you ? 
 
 and 
 
Vou ^J '? '^'' more depofcd to do what 
 rL% f /°1 ^'^"^"' "^ '^^t you are the 
 Tree which has f,een replanted in order togive 
 
 K 5 ^"i^,""* we make no doubt but our 
 brothers of the five odier nations are all d°f- 
 poled to obey you. 
 
 Brother, It Is very true we have been al- 
 ways obedient, and always obli.ine to vou • 
 
 we /To 'ty '" '"'^"?''^^ y°"^ ^^^^'^ '^ "^ tha; 
 
 we fhould remain in our Cabbins, our youn- 
 men were ready to .o out ahunting ; buthav" 
 ing been prevented By your order, from goin^, 
 they now are in want of every thing for their 
 fubfiftence. They have defired us, C/./.^^ 'o 
 lay their wants before you. They ftand irt 
 
 Z . /'.l'^ 't^"^' ^' ^^y ^'"'^ "°t been 
 out, and they beg you would let them have 
 
 lome powder and fhot, in order to kill feme 
 Game for their fubfiftence. And as it will 
 be lome time before the odier five nations do 
 arrive, and therefore, before die prelents which 
 Oie king our father lends us, are delivered to 
 us: all we requefl is, that you give us, in 
 the mean time, what is barely necelTary for us; 
 Brother, As We forefee that tlie trouble- 
 lome times are approaching, we renew to 
 you the requefts which we have fo often 
 made to the Government, for the buildine a 
 1°!? for the fccurity of our women and 
 chUdren ; we hope you will be pleafed to ex- 
 ecute it at this time. 
 
 Kk 
 
 Cohtel 
 
( 2^0 ; 
 
 Colonel Johnfon's Anfwer, 
 
 Brothers, 
 T Am thoroughly convinced of your good dif- 
 
 poiitions towards me, and your compliance 
 at all times in liftening to my word, and do- 
 ing what I require of you. This is what has 
 induced me to take upon me the detail of 
 your affairs. The frelh teftimony which you 
 give me of your friendfhip, and your regard 
 tor me, will enable me to promote your in- 
 tereft much to your advantage, and my own 
 iatisfaftion. ' 
 
 I am well perfuaded I have done you a 
 great prejudice, as well as to your younff 
 people, m having detained them at this timet 
 at home. Therefore I grant you readily, 
 what you aik me J and I will give you fome 
 powder and balls. " 
 
 Before I left New- York I reprcfented to 
 vour brother, the governor, die neceffity of 
 building a fortrefs where you might fafely retire 
 to with your families i and I, widi pleafure, 
 acquaint you, that he has given me a full 
 power to do it: and I fhall give orders for 
 the fetting about it as foon as poffible. 
 
 May 17, 1755. 
 
 Signed 
 JOHNSON. 
 
(2jO 
 
 ^Letter from M. Johnfon to M. Arent 
 Stecvens, hterpreler for ,be Pr,y„„ce 
 
 S IR. 
 
 I ^. '^""("TT"'' *= I"ft™aions, which 
 
 ner^r R^L'^u ^^ .£"'" ^^ '''"l^V ge- 
 neral Braddock, he has entrufted me v,\l the 
 
 Of all theaffairs that relate to the fix United 
 natK>ns and their allies. You ae W 
 fore, to be attentive to follow the orders wS 
 
 I fend you this letter by Tames Clemenf 
 and the other for the five nations above : you 
 
 Sd A^ t!^*""?' r'''^'^ »'« i" march, 
 and thofe which may hereafter march fo; 
 
 Chouaguen, are deftined to reinforce tliat gar- 
 
 cWeM ^K^"""^'?'''"' '^••° "^"^ de- 
 clared diat ,t belonged neither to us, „or 
 
 moUft i^."'-"^"""^' '"d A« he would de- 
 I have fent a meffage with a ftring of 
 
 « ^„f . r ^?i^ r' "^^^^ heen fufficicnt ; / 
 »t prefent fend this b^-If if ..-,- c- j .l . . ' 
 
 Kkz 
 
 »i ^uU iiiiu uiai tne 
 
 Five- 
 
( 25Z ) 
 
 Five-nations are uneafy, or alarmed at the 
 
 " k'^k u-'f '^^'P' '^'°"S^ ^^^'' country, 
 whether this fhould proceed from their jealou- 
 
 ly, or the deceitful infinuations of the French 
 emiiTanes : you are to alTure them, in my 
 name, that they are defigned for the fecurity 
 and advantage of the Six-nations and their 
 allies. \ ou are to exhort them not to hearken 
 to rny lyes whieh the French may make ufe 
 ot on this occafion ; whole defire and inten- 
 tion are to fall upon us and them while we 
 »re adeep, m order to cut off hoik us and 
 them from the face of the earth: and they 
 well know that die eafieft way to fucceed, is 
 to difturb and deftroy the brotherly love and 
 confidence wliich has fo long, and fo happily 
 fublifted between us. You will make ufe of 
 thefe or other like arguij^ents, 9s the circum- 
 Jtances may require. 
 
 Thq odier belt, which | fend you, is to ac- 
 quaint them widi the commiffion T have 
 from the great king, their fadicr, which 
 has been granted at their repeated inaances: 
 and alio, that purfuant to general Braddock's 
 ordeis by this belt, I invite and call upon the 
 bix United-nations to repar with their allies 
 to my houfe ; where I have kindled the 
 fire of council and fric.dihip, and replanted 
 Jhe tree which fliall cover with its Ihade 
 both tnem and all tl'^^ih who will (belter 
 themfcives under it j that I hav^ a prefect 
 
King, their father, a. great de»I ^f 2 4 
 
 news to tell them", ani;rtotldtcf^ 
 CU upon a great many affairs of the laft 
 confequence. and whici concern their hao 
 
 "e any praftites made ufe of bv th^ 
 French emiifaries in order to preve,,[them 
 from meeting me, you are to^^Vw S 
 beft arguments, and thofe you AalljCe 
 
 prcuions. and you are to infift on their 
 obedience and the condefcenf.ons they owe 
 us- If they they fhould fay that thev 
 are planting their corn, anj tha^ Cw S 
 come now. they muft lofe their harveftan^ 
 
 SiTm"°",'' You are to aifure them 
 ™'I. ?«" teke care of them, an4 that I 
 
 t ;^ft'""'^ '^"" ^°' *e lofi which ley 
 ftall fuftam on this occafion : but you are to 
 a<a prudently in thisrefpefl, and be ca2us 
 how you promife. i-^utious 
 
 I have had an interview with the two ^ie, 
 
 ^'^ f\- rr "'"S *^''^ '^° Wta : th^yllve 
 been fatisfied and have promifed to jin me 
 here when the other nations come dow^ 
 V^h^dj^iswhatyouaretourgeasmuras 
 
 „„Vf^ '«"' you by M. Clement, feme 
 Pccafion : ^d when you have conduded 
 
 .1 
 
( 254 ) 
 
 the Indians to the German Flatfe, you will 
 find provifions at my houfes of which I beg 
 you will keep an account. 
 
 Signed 
 William Johnlba. 
 
 A led 
 
 to fe 
 pediti 
 
 ' A true copy of what has been done by 
 the honourable William Johnfon Efqj 6cc. 
 and Peter Warpall, Secretary for the Indian 
 affairs/ 
 
 ^ I the under-written, counfellor in the fupe- 
 rior council of Quebec, certify the havi^^ 
 tranflated, &c. ^ 
 
 NUMB, 
 
 BB.J 
 of 
 
 intended 
 
 itincuml 
 
 my pow( 
 
 curr in tl 
 
 this unde 
 
 tially n© 
 
 without i 
 
 eaftern a 
 
 will do y( 
 
 relating 
 
 march n- 
 
 may not 
 
 at Albany 
 
 my's fufpi 
 
 they fhou) 
 
 I fhall wa 
 
 of artiller) 
 
 governmer 
 
 being mad 
 
i^ss) 
 
 NUMBER XV. 
 
 A latter ■written by Mr. William Johnfon ' 
 to Several G^er„ors. relating to\he I"! 
 Peditm agamll the Fort of Crown-Point. 
 
 New-York, May 15, ,7^^. 
 
 B^f !J*^rPP°""*^ commander in chief. 
 . . ,°* '"« forces of the colonies for the 
 
 ttculeT'*''"" of Crown-Point, Z think 
 « incumber- upon me to remove, to the beft of 
 
 curr m the fervice, and obftrua the fuccefs of 
 h^undertohng. As a train of artillery is effen. 
 tialy neceffary, that nothing can be done 
 without .t and as it is to be fupplied by ^ 
 eaten cole .,esj I make no doubt but^you 
 w 11 do your utmoft to accelerate every tttne 
 reating to this article, in order It ouf 
 march may not be retarded, and that we 
 may not fpend more time than is ueceffan., 
 at Albany; which might confirm " the eni- 
 mys fufpraon of an attack, if unfortunately. 
 h«. fhould have notice of it." / fear arcatly 
 I flia 1 want proper perfons to condud I train 
 of artilleiy. Therefore if you have in your 
 gbvemment any perfons that are capable of 
 being made engineers or bombardiers, or any 
 
 other 
 
( 256 ) 
 other that is capable of conduaing a train of* 
 artiJlery, I beg you will take them into the 
 fervice, according to' your knowledge of their 
 capacity. YoU muftknow that wcftand in need 
 of a great number of battoes, in order to the 
 tranfporting our troops; befides thofe that ard 
 neceffary for the train of artillery, ftores and 
 baggage. Each battoe muft carry five hundred 
 men. We have already thofe which are to be 
 fupplied by this government. As I believe 
 the oUier colonies muft caufe thofe which 
 they fhall fupply, lo be built here or at Jer- 
 fey; I take the conftrudion of a fufficient 
 number of them in time, to be impoffible^ 
 unlefs they will fend workmen to our affif- 
 tance. 
 
 I am, Sir, &c, 
 
 . Signed 
 William Johnfon. 
 
 I the under-written, counfellor in the fupe- 
 rior council of Quebec, certify, the having 
 tranflated&c. ^ 
 
 lioi 
 
 Numb. 
 
 bavg 
 
train of 
 into the 
 of their 
 I in need 
 T to the 
 that aref 
 •res and 
 lundred 
 re to be 
 believe 
 ! which 
 ■ at Jer- 
 jfficient 
 polTible^ 
 ur affif- 
 
 ( ^S7 ) 
 NUMBER XVI. 
 
 aerof M. Lawrence, Governor of Acadia, 
 
 ^^l of the I/ibmus, and the Banks of 5/, 
 Johns Rtver, ^ ' 
 
 .In the KING'S Name. ^ ^ 
 
 By Order of his Excellency Charles Lawrence, 
 i-iquire Lieutenant-Governor, and Com^ 
 
 . n^^nder in Chief of the Province of S 
 Scotia or Acadia, &c, 
 
 ohnibn. 
 
 le fupe- 
 having 
 
 1 B. 
 
 PROCLAMATION. 
 
 To Ae Inhabitants and all others, Natives 
 
 of Cnigneao, Baie-Verte, Tintamar, Che- 
 
 Poudi, St. John's River, and their Appurte, 
 
 nances and adjacent Parts j and all others. 
 
 who have not yet made their Submif, 
 wonF. 
 
 WHEREAS moft part of die Inhabi, 
 tants of the above, and odier places. 
 
 ba'\3g fin* «ii,# — V. ^i • *, , .^ ^*awwa. 
 
 - - ^.» muuc, ipeir iiubmilfion to the 
 ^\ iCin^. 
 
r 258 ; 
 
 Kh?g of Great-Britain* ', but on the con- 
 trary, have demeaned themfelves cuntrary 
 to all orders and loyalty to their proper 
 Sovereign. 
 
 
 T H E F E F O R E. • 
 
 np H I S is to command «:!^em to repair 
 -■- immediately to v:iy < anp, m order to 
 make tlidr Submiflsons *, Dringino along with 
 them, all their fire-arms, fWords^ fabres, pif- 
 tols, and all other inftruments of war: in 
 difobedience of ^vhich, they Ifhall be treated, 
 as Febels, with military execution. 
 
 Given at the Camp of Chigneao, this 
 thirteenth Day of May, one thoufand feven 
 pundred and fifty-five. 
 
 Signed 
 Robert Monkton. 
 
 * This ConfeiTion is remarkable.- How pame the 
 infiftit.g upon this Submiflion not to be thought of 
 fmce the Pe^ce of Utrecht? 
 
 youcH£:R§^ 
 
 
 'i> 
 
 A 
 
 difcuifii 
 
 Americ 
 
 have b 
 
 tance ; 
 
 Majefty 
 
 ground; 
 
 pofitive 
 
 vernors, 
 
 enterpri 
 
 Comi 
 
 rcftore 
 
 to the ' 
 
 River ; 
 
 or <:-::> :M 
 
 Th ' Ku 
 
 i'-iJiftione 
 
 0?uft5 n 
 
( 259 ) 
 
 VOUCHERS. 
 
 S E C N D P A R T, 
 
 NUMBER I. 
 
 A Memorial, delivered by the Duke de Mire-, 
 potx, to Str rhomas Robinfon. January 
 
 A S, preventing, fpeedily the confe'. 
 jr\ quences that May refult from the 
 difcuifions which have happened in Nbrth- 
 Amenca, and the hoftilities, with which thev 
 have been attended ; is a matter of impor- 
 ^nce ; the King propofes to his Britannic 
 Majelty that, previous to examining into the 
 grounds and circumftances of the Quarrel 
 pofitive orders be fent to the refpediv^ Go- 
 vernors, forbidding henceforward, all new 
 cnterpnfes or adts of violence. 
 
 Commanding them, on the contrary, to 
 rcltore matters, without delay, with regard 
 to the Temtories towards the Ohio or Fair- 
 River ; to the fame fituation they were in 
 or t ^ vt to have been in, before the lafl war! 
 11^' King furdier propofes, that the refpedive 
 V';-5«afions be amicably referred to the coih- 
 ^ udioners fitting in Paris ; lo as the two 
 
 ^^iftsmayputaiiendto the diflerence, by 
 u i[ . V y conciliation. 
 
 L 1 2 xhc 
 
h,™?*!! • "S '^"'''^ ''*' "'I'' '" order to re« 
 
 r«ard to the deftmation, and the motLs of 
 En,Cd ' "'■''* '"^ ■=*■*" l«^'y -"^^ i" 
 The king has too great a reliance on tha 
 upnghtnefs of his fiSannic Maje^'sfatT 
 tions. as to flatter himfelf with the W, 
 Aat he vriU readily dofe with pr5.fS' 
 that are fo agreeable to the pr&rvation of 
 peace, and m Ae mintaining th^ Tbl°f 
 
 sTottor " ^"^ '^^ "^ 
 
 Signed 
 Le Due de Mirepoix* 
 
 NUMBER IL 
 
 Mfiver, delivered by order of the Court of 
 England, to . the Duke de Mirepoix. jL 
 nuary 22, 1755. 
 
 THE King has feen, with Regret, the 
 difputes that have happened in North- 
 America, and the ads of violence with which 
 tocy have been attended. His Majcfty is as 
 
 dcfirous 
 
ticilrbus 
 
 as 
 
 (261 ) 
 
 3 them. H*. ^]o:^„ „_ V. ^* 
 
 put an end to them li T- ^^fjeity, to 
 
 ^Hat is grounde"on^,.trantl' '^' 
 conformable to the i ft .^l! ' ?^ ^'^^^ ^^ 
 of his crown 0!^.^ "^^** *"^ pofleflionj 
 
 ritio^s'g a„t;hr *'s^ ^^^ p-p- 
 
 d<» X/fj.f • P)^ "" excellencv the diifc« 
 and the moft pe^^^L T"*^" P^«' 
 
 Aat d>e other P^IK„ ^o^T'^-* 
 be reftored to thrfeme fete the—T '^J 
 
 Ud-echt, and purfuant to the ceffions and 
 
 miner, between boA^:^:!'" ^ ""'""'= 
 
 Such 
 
 |i| 
 
r26i ; 
 
 . Such are the King's fentiinents. The de- 
 fence of his lights and poHeffions, and the 
 protedion of his fubjeds, have been the rao- 
 tivcs of the armament diat has been fent to 
 North- America ; wliich *' has been effected, 
 without any inteulion of offending any power 
 whatfoever, or doi.ig any thing that may dif- 
 turb * the gc leral peace." We need only 
 to confiderthc nature and extent of diis arma- 
 ment to be convinced of this truth; and the 
 King makes no doubt but his mofl Chriftian 
 Majefty will, agreeable to the known uj - 
 rightnefs of his intentions, explain himfelf 
 alio openly, with regard to the great naval 
 force preparing at Breft and Toulon. 
 
 Signed 
 
 Thomas Robinfori.- 
 
 NUMBER ill. 
 
 A Reply to Sir Thoma- Robin C:)'s Memo- 
 rial, and gin; in in by the Dul:e de Mre- 
 poix. February 6, 1755. 
 
 THE King is too well perfuadc. of 
 the fincere difnofitions ot the Kin ol 
 Great-Britain, to maintain a good under- 
 
 # This Formal Declaration may be compared to the 
 
 Inftruaions given by his Britannic Majefty to General 
 
 ^raddock, and the plan contained in Golonel Nappier'a 
 
 fiandine 
 
 butthj 
 
 the da 
 by the 
 North- 
 It ^ 
 caufed 
 <ior at 
 kings, 
 cuilion 
 and ex 
 an end 
 fliould 
 governo 
 " they 
 *' lence. 
 things i 
 ought to 
 Thou 
 on the fii 
 crd not f 
 yet w 
 otherwife 
 his pret 
 France: t 
 difcoverec 
 had any : 
 diredlly j 
 whofe ft 
 feems to 
 leaft mem 
 
rith 
 lubt 
 
 ( 2*3 ) 
 itandlngbetwecn the two crowns, tot 
 
 out that hisBntanmcMajefly fees, with Low 
 
 Ae dangers with wh,..', b^th are threateZ! 
 
 by the differences which have taken rife in 
 
 North-America, towards the river Ohio 
 
 It was in this light, that his Maieftv 
 
 kZ^ f^r. of London; that the twc, 
 
 kings, (previous to the entering into any dif- 
 cuffion relative to the grounds o^f the quarre. 
 and exar: ung the mea.„ which may pw' 
 an end to them. i„ an micaUe m/nner) 
 ftould fend po'l, ,e orders .o their rcfpeS 
 governors .n this part of merica- iha? 
 ,. t' ^""""^ .[-fr^in f">n- all a^ of vit 
 lence, and all new enterprifes ; ,d nut 
 things in the fame fituation they were,"^^' 
 ought to have been in, before the late war. 
 
 ■ Though his B. stannic Majefty might have 
 on the firftafp^a, judged, .hit ^ispfoS 
 <.d not fully anfwer & end of both courts ■ 
 yet w^ are perluaded that he will think 
 oAerwife, wh. , he pleafes to confider that 
 his Dretenfions, are utterly unknown to 
 Franc : that i5nc. 1679. when the French 
 difcovered the Fair-river, the Englifl, never 
 had an^ footing there, either dire?Hy or in- 
 d.re%,^ and that the treaty of Utrecht, of 
 whofe ftipulations the ourt of England 
 
 tT '"/^"''f^'f. ^^ not even mad! tSe 
 leaft mention thereof, i'hp mo„ ...u.vu :. 
 
 propofed 
 
 'Itii 
 
( »64 ) ■ 
 
 propofed to his Britannic Maieftv i. ,h« 
 
 cuiar, to the conditions demanded in i7co 
 
 reWlili^*' *"° Kings * order dieir 
 fdtoeaive governors to forbear $H afla rf 
 VK>lence. and aU new attempt, *^ "^ «* 
 
 flrt^r^f i ^^"""*' ag««We tothelXth 
 article of the treaty of Aix la Chappelle * 
 
 tide ofther '""'''"? *^ 3CvilId, ar- 
 
 ung in I'ans, be inftruaed with r^rr^r^ ♦ u- 
 pretenfions and the fould^onT wtSi' 
 they are graundcd. " '^^ 
 
 And that the minifterc: r.f A- * 
 be aud.o,ired to "^oX in^oUrtoTd 
 
 which riiul"^''"!?' ^'* *« <^°"fi'l«nce 
 ruS inlp^i."^" ^"^ reafonaWe«fs ef dKm 
 
(265 ) 
 
 more room for his 
 
 There is Co much the ..... ,.,„, ,„, „, 
 Maiefty to hope that they will be accepted 
 as he IS pcrfuaded his Britannic Majelty is 
 animated with the fame fpirit with wfiiich 
 iiimfcif IS aduated i towards removing all fub- 
 .[Cdts of mif-unftanding and confufion, which. 
 % ^r' Wofitionof intcrcfts, complication of 
 objedls. and the nature of the engagements and 
 treaties may become as dangerous to the peace 
 oi the two crowns, as to that of all Europe. 
 
 Asto the armamentwhich theking prepares 
 the court of Enuland may cafily penetrate into 
 the motives of itj fmceitis tl^c armament 
 With which themfelves have apprifed all Eu- 
 rope of and have in part executed, that have 
 ^ndered the precautions of France neceffary. 
 mx his Majefty declares exprefsly, *« that 
 thefe preparations have no offenfive view, « 
 and no other objeA than the defence of his 
 pofleffions, and the rights of his crown. 
 
 NUMBER IV. 
 
 Projea of a Preliminary Convention, probofcd 
 by the King's Orders, to the Court of 
 London. -^ 
 
 HP HE DifcuiTions which have ftarted up 
 -*• fince the peace figned at .\ix la Chappelle,* 
 
 Mm thm 
 
( 266 ) 
 
 the i8th of Odober 1748, between tU 
 iubjedts of hi6 njoft Chriftian Majefty. and 
 ^ofe of his Britannic Majefty, in North 
 4menca, having given occafion, on both 
 lides, to acts of violence; , to put a flop to. 
 and prevent the confequences of which. 
 
 1'^?'^' ""^"^^ of extreme importances 
 -their Majefties animated with a common de- 
 fire of re-eftablifhipg tranquilHty in this part 
 ot the new world, and to cement, more and 
 more the fnendfhip and good underftandin^, 
 which happily fubfift between them, have 
 refdved to take, in concert, the fpeedieft and 
 poft effedual methods, in order to attain the, 
 la utary end which they propof^ to them- 
 lelves : they have, accordingly, authorifed die 
 pnder^jyntten minifters, who are provided with 
 the full powers necefTary for diis purpofe, to 
 fettle the Drehminary and provifional condidons 
 contained in ths following articles i 
 
 A R 
 
 T I C L E I. 
 
 tl IS moll Chriftian Majefty, and his 
 Bntannic Majefty engage to fend, im. 
 mediately after the RatificafioSs of die pi 
 fent Convention, the moft precife orders to 
 their re pedive Governors in America, to 
 caufe all ads of violence to ceafe, between 
 the two nations i and the duplicate of theib 
 orders fhal be delivered, on eLh fide t^J! 
 ther widi tlie ratification^ of the prefent con- 
 vention 
 
the 
 
 ( 26> y 
 
 moil Ch -a- '^V'fP'^^^ miniftcrs of hi. 
 
 Maj,e%. 
 
 Maje%, and his BritannitJ 
 
 li, 
 
 S.e lS.t df V*- ■"""""f'"' ^hich form 
 
 ver and tkJt*',-^""* ''=y°"d *e faid 0^ 
 ver, and the Enghfh to this fide of the faid 
 
 whX'™ V '^ *^* "" *^ '«™* of ground 
 which lies between the faid fiver and fti.f 
 
 country during the whole time that ihh 
 convention Ihallfubfift, and all Ae co„ce^ 
 
 riS fid *'"^.'^^ '* ='"y '■"^h m?de by 
 fidered as null, and of none effcft, 
 
 IH. 
 
 Ot the firft article of the prefent convention- 
 and to prevent all occafion df freft troubW 
 
 RteTttXTii^t?;st^;r 
 
 ,_.c- DC....... ,„,: nvcr Oiuo and the m 
 
 ^ "^ 2 mountains, 
 
inountains, under any pretence of trade or 
 paflage, which the two nations (hall becqual)y 
 forbidden during the fame fpace of time. 
 
 iv. 
 
 Conformable to article IX of the treaty of 
 Aix la Chappelle, all things fhall be reinflated 
 m North America, on the fame footimr thev 
 were, or ought to have been on, fin?e the 
 treaty of Utrecht j and accordingly, ajl the 
 forts ihall be demoliihed, which, fmce that 
 epoch, may have been built on either fide 
 as well on the faid territory of the Ohio, as 
 m all other parts of North America, which 
 are afubje^of difpute between the twon^tigns. 
 
 V. 
 
 The prefent preliminary convention is to 
 take place only during two years, to be 
 computed from the -day of exchaneinj? the 
 rauficationsj this fpace of time appearing 
 fufficient to detemiine finally, by way of 
 an amicable conciliation, all the difcuffions 
 relative to North America, which hereafter 
 may give occflfion to any new broils be- 
 tween the fubjeifts of the two powers. 
 
 VI. 
 
trade or 
 ►eequalfy 
 time. 
 
 treaty of 
 einftateii 
 ^ing they 
 ince the 
 41 the 
 ice that 
 icr fide, 
 )hio, as 
 , whiqh 
 pj,jtiQns, 
 
 VI. 
 
 ;Bis moft Chriftian Majefty, and his Bri^' 
 tannic Majefty, engage themfclves to give 
 immediately, not oiily to their refpedive 
 Minifters in London, but alfo to their com- 
 mifiaries in Paris, die inftrudions and orders 
 necelTary to determine amicably, as feon as 
 poffible, and at fartheft in the fpace . of two 
 Years, by a definitive treaty, all the diffe- 
 rences which have ftarted up between the fub- 
 jedtsof bothciowiisj relative to their pdlef- 
 fions, rights, and pretcilfions in North- 
 Ametica; - 
 
 n IS to 
 to be 
 ing the 
 pearing 
 way of 
 :uffions 
 ^reafter 
 ils be- 
 
 The prefent <X)nventbn fhall be ratified 
 by their moft Chriftian, and Britannic Ma- 
 jdlies ; and the ratifications, in good and due 
 form, (haill be exchanged in the city of 
 London, in the fpace of twelve days, or 
 fooner if poflible, from the day of figning 
 this prefent covcnti^n. In witnels where- 
 of, &c. 
 
 VI. 
 
 N U M R. 
 
( 27° ) 
 
 N U M B E R V. 
 
 fcpunter-projecl of a preliminary com>entk„> 
 
 THE difcuffions wliich have /fmcethe 
 r,.n A P^l? "^'^^d at Aix la Chapelle) hap- 
 
 jeds of his Britannic majefty, and of his moft 
 
 c^ch^de V'^' ^'''l^ ^^'^ occafionron 
 cac^ fide, con^ary to the intention of their 
 inajefhes, to adls of violence, the preventing 
 the confequences of which, is of tL M im^ 
 
 rnT""'."^''' ?^^J^^^^«> animated with a" 
 counr ant' °^ ^-^^^lifhing quiet fn tha? 
 ^•r^nJl'' '"^^^'"^"''"g "^ore, and more, the 
 hnZl furl^J''''^ underftanding wh^ch 
 happily fubfift between them, have refolved 
 
 InT U' uu^""^'' *^ ^"^^" the falutarv 
 end which they propofe to themfelves. ThZ 
 have accordingly audiorifed the undewSe^ 
 
 mt:; ""^^ are provided with the neccfTary 
 
 Dre i£l ^';i ^'' P"^P^^^' to fettle the 
 preliminary and provifional conditions con- 
 tained in the following articles. 
 
 Hi's 
 
 ftian n 
 
 ter the 
 
 prefent 
 
 their r 
 
 Ameri( 
 
 adlsof 
 
 duplica 
 
 each fi( 
 
 prefent 
 
 of his JE 
 
 majefty. 
 
 iRi 
 
 In ref 
 
 cent Ian 
 
 like orde 
 
 with cop 
 
 faid gov( 
 
 forts that 
 
 Ifle, inl 
 
 the Ohio, 
 
 iix monti 
 
 from tile 
 
 tion. 
 
 In like 
 Britannic 
 J-%, that 
 
( 2/1 
 
 onventiml 
 
 anddeli^^ 
 
 'he yth of 
 
 'iince the 
 He) hap- 
 the fub- 
 his moft 
 Jfion, on 
 of their 
 eventine 
 lait im- 
 
 with a 
 t in that 
 lore, the 
 
 which 
 refolved 
 d moft 
 falutary 
 
 They 
 written 
 scciTary 
 tie the 
 s cori- 
 
 Ar.5 
 
 Article I. 
 
 P^fcmt; '°S'*^^^iA the ratificaCof the 
 prefent convention,, to the minifters, as well 
 of h^Bntanmc majefty, as his Moft 'ci:^ 
 
 II. 
 
 cen"lani"^J° *^ "^^^0«° '•"d the adfa, 
 
 wi* copies of th^^x, ™vr;:'thf 
 
 torts tha have been conifa-uaed on tliePre au 
 
 tion ^ ^ ^S"'"S *^ Felent conveii: 
 
 ' "'^6««"*'5 ou tile caitern 
 
 fide 
 
(272) 
 
 fide of theBay of Canagahoqui, on the fouthern 
 bank of lake Erie, fhall be drawn diredlly to 
 the fouth until you come to the 40th degree of 
 North latitude, and from thence continued 
 to the fouth-weft until it falls in with the 
 37th degree of the faid latitude. 
 
 In like manner, a line begirining ae di6 
 mouth of the river Miamis, on Ae fouth fide of 
 lake Erie, fhall be drawn towards the fouth or 
 fouth-weft, to the fource of (he river Wa« 
 bache or of St. Jerom, and thenCe continued 
 along the river to the place whefe it difcharge^ 
 itfelf into the Ohio; and from theneCj in a 
 ftraight line, tovrards die foiith to the above- 
 mentioned ^7th degree of north latitude. 
 
 All the forts ancl fortreffes that have been 
 built, or the fettlements that have been made 
 by either the one or the other of the two 
 crowns, or by their refpedive fubjedts, on 
 the faid territory, fituated between the two 
 lines, fhall be demolifhcd in the abovefaid 
 fpace of fix months ; reckoning from the day 
 that die prefent convention fhall be figned, 
 or fooner if pofTible j and fhal fo remain de- 
 molifhed until fuch time as the prefent difputes 
 between both crowns are amicably ended: 
 fo that all the country, lying betv^een the two 
 abovefaid lines, in its whole extent from north 
 to foudi, fhall remain and be confidered durine 
 that time as a neutral country ; and no far- 
 ther ufe fhall be made of it than to carry on 
 a trade with the natives, which fliali be free 
 
 and 
 
: fbuthern 
 iredlly to 
 degree of 
 :ontinued 
 witfi the 
 
 g at rfifr 
 th fide of 
 I fbuth Or 
 *^eF Wa« 
 ontinued 
 ifeharges^ 
 lecj in a 
 le above- 
 :udei 
 ave been 
 en made 
 the two 
 iedts, on 
 the two 
 hovefeid 
 i the day 
 
 figned, 
 [lain de- 
 difputes 
 
 ended: 
 
 the two 
 
 nn north 
 
 I during 
 
 no far- 
 
 :arry on 
 
 be free 
 
 and 
 
 f 273 ) 
 
 and allowed to both nations, without any 
 hindrance or moleftation whatfoever ^ 
 
 of iA' ■•^'Pe-aive generals and governors 
 of the two crowns, ftall name l„ the f„ace 
 
 itrr"*^'r "^'"'"'"s from tiie dirs 
 
 iigning the prefent convention or fooner if 
 dr w ouf'T'r''''"'^, P^^*""-' -'-'"' 
 
 ^rpofc^ ""S appointed for this 
 
 III. 
 ,1.5' •'' 'r°"°^" agreed, that the forts on 
 
 Ih^^ei^T^}^ renewed and confirmed by 
 
 tih1&Z^f^'PP^^'> '^^" '-demolifl,e^ 
 
 from thel ''f r °- '^'^ ,™°"''-'^' ^^^''"'""g 
 trom the day of fignmg the ptefent conven? 
 
 vent,nn.; and that as to what relates to tte 
 
 .bovela.d „ver of Niagara, and d^l.kesof 
 
 Ene Ontario, and Champlain, it A,l| be 
 
 a cend and delccnd them withal! fafety/?,K 
 
 L ;> Z'^T.'^y '"""^^^^ ^ niolcfca- 
 lon, witli the Indians infiabiting the coun- 
 tries lituated round the great lats as well 
 with thc^e ,vh„ are ^1. "fubjeas "a^/k^S 
 
 Na 
 
 IV. 
 
f if4) 
 
 IV. 
 
 Jt is in like mannner, covtnmeA and 
 igreed. that a me ftall be drawn from tho 
 taouth of tlie river Penobfcot or Pentagoet. 
 to Its fource, and from thence in a ftraight line ' 
 rorthwards to the river St. LawrenI ; and 
 that from a pomt which fhall be found « the 
 dKtance of twenty leagues in a ftraight line, 
 from die moudi of the river Penlfcot o^ 
 Pentagoet, a line fliall be drawn aaofe Ae 
 continent, to the point which fliall be on die 
 banks of die river St. Lawrence, to die Tf- 
 tance of twenty leagues from cape Tourmen- 
 tm. in a dire<ft line. ""rmen 
 
 That as to what relates to the countries 
 
 b^l tST '^'"'''^ 1° '^ '^-*' betwe " 
 ,k In 'T' '° *<= "»" «*• Lawrencev 
 they ftall not be fetUed nor poffeffedTy "he 
 fubjeas of eidier crowns, who Ihalf not 
 be allowed to make any farther ufc of hem 
 than to carqr on a trade there. ' 
 
 Ijhat all the Prefqu-lfle and the Ifflimus 
 togedier with die Bay of Fundi or Bale fZ! 
 coife, and m general all die lands, rive« 
 and coafts, fituated on die foudi-eaft of le 
 
 acrols the fajd continent, from the river 
 Penobfcot or Pentagoet, to the gulph of S, 
 Lawrence ftiall be acknowledled'^and /e^ 
 dared to beking. in all fovereignty, and 
 
fed and 
 from th« 
 ^ntagoct, . 
 tight line' 
 ice; and 
 id at the 
 >ht line^ 
 bfcot or 
 :rofs the 
 2 on the 
 the dif- 
 >urmen- 
 
 Ountriea 
 between 
 ivrencey 
 by the 
 all not 
 them^ 
 
 liimus, 
 J Fran- 
 rivers 
 of the 
 drawn 
 ' river 
 of Su 
 id de- 
 , and 
 
 abfolute propriety. ,o the crown of Great 
 
 Moreover, it is covenanted and an-eed 
 Aa ti>e re,peaive generals and governors 
 ftaU nanje underftanding perfons! in the 
 fpace of three months, reclconing from Ae 
 day of %nmg this prefent confentton or 
 fooner .f poffibje, whS ihall draw and riark 
 out the laid lines in the fpace of three 
 months, reckoning from the'^day of thei^ 
 Ijeing appointed for tliispurpofe. ^ ' 
 
 V, 
 
 His Bri^nic maje%, and his moft Chrif:. 
 aan majefly engage to give widiout delay, 
 »fer the ratiiicatSn of the prefent convention 
 &e neceflky inftru^ions aAd orders to the" 
 refpeSive mioiftets, to enable them to deter! 
 Wine (between both courts by way of an ami- 
 ^ble concihation) ^s foon as jpoffiblc. by a 
 definitive treaty, all the differences which 
 have arofe between the fubjefts of both 
 crowns, relative to their refpeftive pofliffions 
 rights and pretenfions in America; and which' 
 are not finally determined by the prefent con- 
 vention, ' • '■ 
 
 VI. 
 
 The prefent convention Ihall be ratified by 
 •their Brttannic and moil Chriilian maiefties 
 
 N n 2 'and 
 
( 276 ) 
 
 and the ratificatiom in good and due form, 
 ffiall be exchanged in this city of London 
 
 fiWe reckoning from the day of figging ';he 
 prefent convention. /„ witnefi whlreo^ &c. 
 
 NUMBER Vl. 
 
 the Duke Dc Mirepoix, March 27, 1755. 
 I ^ '"•''^■" *o a«'>m the fo defireable end of 
 
 -r:rdrrxSfr^e;ir 
 Awor,cof:s^is;o;ti;::;|:^~ 
 
 which hfv. r'" '"•'''' f *^ armaments 
 Which have been prepared on both fides > 
 
 how Will it be poffible fo negociate with any 
 advantage, if afts of viole^nce continue ^ 
 
 £ fealT w'li '"'' i *^y ''^Sin on the 
 II gh fcas ? Will not the advantages gained 
 by he one fide and the other, bea motlefor 
 multiplying pretcnfions and difficulties InA 
 become fre/h obftacles to a pacification? Tfe 
 inconvenience (liould therefore be prevented 
 and th.t cannot be, ui^lefs by givL to the 
 refpea.ve governors in A„,cricat and to S! 
 ^ommandersofthefquadroi*. A,ch unSb™ 
 Prders as fix invariably tfaeir operations .H 
 
 pare 
 
 bare dc 
 
 adls ot 
 
 whatfc 
 
 Tlie 
 
 munica 
 
 plicates 
 
 his maj 
 
 comma 
 
 to adt t( 
 
 dour a 
 
 pofe ill 
 
 the rul< 
 
 cannot c 
 
 their co 
 
 cerely \^ 
 
 failles. 
 
 The 1 
 
 even thi 
 
 ourfelves 
 
 want of J 
 
 if while i 
 
 to bring 
 
 thorife, c 
 
 which W( 
 
 a reconci^ 
 
 J have 
 
 jas truth 
 
 hold tlie i 
 
 ly, and n 
 
 ^re two tl: 
 
commanders i?L;^p • ^^' governors and 
 
 their concurrence therem ',f ^P^^.^o retutp 
 cerely wiihed for in 7^ ^''^^^^^ "^^ ^»"- 
 failles. " ^''"'^'^'' ^^ '^ is at Ver. 
 
 The reputation of both rnnrfo ^ j 
 
 even this orecauflnn r • ^ demands 
 ourfelve Mf ?" * ^'''''^ '^ ^^^« expofine 
 wani o f^^^^^^^ of thf 
 
 if while alSon wt^ ^" '"' proceedings, 
 to bring aSTn^-r •"'"''^'"Son in order 
 thorife^ or r P'^^^^-^tion, we fhould au- 
 
 Sre two thin P ' '*°H: '« ■■^^ of violence, 
 fire two things incompatible. . 
 
 N U M B, 
 
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f *7^ } 
 
 NUMBER VII. 
 
 ^"^7i7Ti'^lZ''t^ ,^ ^^,, ./London t. 
 m Duke de Mirepoix, April 5, 1755. 
 
 THE court of London will concur with 
 • A.(i •?• eagernefspoffible, in concluding 
 » definitive agreement which fhall take in at 
 ^e parts that are a fubjedt of conteft in Ame. 
 nca between the two nations, which his Ex. 
 
 to coincide with the difpofitions of hi* court! 
 lJ>e propofal made by the court of France 
 ^.^ITft ^^,M- R°«i"e's letter written 
 
 de mI!^ °^^'''u \^'' ^^^^"^"^/ *he duke 
 de Mirepoix, is the fame diat has been made 
 
 l^wetofore and has only a ceffation of armg 
 
 between both nations for its objecft. 
 
 fhJff ^T^ f . ^"""^^^ '"^^^s ^" this with 
 
 fdvcs to them from the beginning of the ne- 
 gocianon and cnnnot lookTpon if as a means 
 that can favour a conciliation. 
 
 In the countcr-projea: which die court of 
 l^ondon gave, in anfwer to the plan of con- 
 vention propofcd heretofore by France, it 
 cxpoled nothing but what appeared to belonir 
 ■t>y nght and according to treaties to die 
 crown of Great Britain. , 
 
 This court has even confented to depart 
 trom diis right in many refpeds, for the fake 
 
 of 
 
 of ht, 
 
 cultivs 
 
 Coart < 
 
 court ( 
 
 candoi 
 
 S*nbafl 
 
 thori(e( 
 
 Which 1 
 
 tliis CO 
 
 Jnicablc 
 
 wKich 
 
 Way, tJ 
 
 able to 1 
 
 cntertaii 
 
 to proct 
 
 ^eady a| 
 
 reconcili 
 
 have be 
 
 Ibodifiat 
 
 ExtraSi 
 Dukei 
 and de. 
 
 THE 
 ofti 
 
 . (a) Sine* 
 England, ci 
 tacking the 
 refiife to giv( 
 
London /# 
 ^755* 
 
 ncur with 
 oncluding 
 ake in aH 
 t in Ame-r 
 ihhisExr 
 nlinuatc4 
 » court. 
 )f France 
 T writtCT^ 
 the duke 
 :en made 
 of arms 
 
 ^his with 
 
 d them- 
 
 the ne- 
 
 a means 
 
 court of 
 of con- 
 nce, it 
 
 belong 
 
 to die 
 
 depart 
 
 he Jake 
 
 of 
 
 Of |)eace, and to (hew its fincere ti^.r^ * 
 conrf ^f t J ,. . ^ ^^ ^s reafon that the 
 
 entemin. i„ common with thTt ^^ VeS« 
 °P'~"«.> means of the negoIS 
 
 NUMBER Vlll. 
 
 1 ^^, ^,'"?' *° whom I nave an acmnnf 
 ^ of the de^^e which hi/^ton^fc majSty 
 
I 
 
 ( 280 ) 
 
 court of lonj'"'/"' *^ P'opolitions of" the 
 hope tilfT^" "" "°' '"°" his majefty to 
 
 coSon "'"" "y =" j"*^ -"^ '----g 
 
 ructfs°of'„"^ *° *' '°"« °'" L°"d°«. the 
 uccefs of our negociation depends entire v on 
 
 i of tL P*"*? '^^ ^"S"'"" demaK 
 b« a part b^f ?r" t' °*" ^'"^'^ Acadia is 
 
 coaft\^^Kiro7fflr«d^^ 
 
 mSiSlt „ « ^ ''"S^es of coaft is fo dia- 
 metrically oppofite to our riohtr. r uoflefi 
 fions. and to our mofteffentia conce4rd,t 
 we cannot poffibly allow it. ' ' 
 
 If this ceffion would be necelfarv or ^v^n 
 
 :^t'th*:tg^f^'^^^^e°^t:s 
 
 it to one of ^f?""'* ''^'"^ *^y "^'^ "^ of 
 It to one of thefe two motives only ; but their 
 
 pretenfion cannot be grounded on i^y reafon 
 or any pretext of neceffity or utility. ^ ' 
 
 frade in t^fp ^y"^ "^V^ ^'^ ^ 'iberty to 
 ^ade m the Englifh cr-bnies, in the fame 
 
 ««nner as m the French, and twenty leagued 
 
^ anfwer fd 
 
 evalier Ro-« 
 
 back your 
 
 5 complai- 
 ons of the 
 majefly to 
 ed in end- 
 becoming 
 
 ndon, the 
 •ntirely on 
 nand, not 
 Acadia is 
 ues of the 
 Canada, 
 what re- 
 's fo dia- 
 
 e-ns, that 
 
 or even 
 leir trade 
 unication 
 ye could 
 ke us of 
 but their 
 y reafon, 
 
 iberty to 
 be fame 
 ' lea. 
 
 :gUC3 
 
 more 
 
 (■ iSi ) 
 
 Wore will make no alteration in the ftate of 
 affairs m this teCpea. 
 
 anH^N^ '"j? '^"'"""Pi'^^'on between Acadii 
 and New England, it is abfolutely impra<ai- 
 
 tance. but hkewife the extreme difficulty of 
 cra(r.ft '""^P'l"? the rivers which muft be 
 croffed towards their mouth. This commu- 
 
 e^v by4°" *' '""''^ ^"y '^"^ ="<» very 
 
 toIfL^'^l *e King cannot, or. ought not to 
 confent. becaufe the lands fituatid .Icng 
 Ba« Francoife on the fide of Canada, is i„! 
 of&^ ""fffaiyfor thfe communicafort 
 of Quebec, during part of the year, as well 
 Wid, Europe as the We Royal and St. Johns. 
 The court af London propofes, with re- 
 gard to the fiartof Canadi fituated above 
 Quebec and Montreal, that the river St. Lau- 
 ren;^ and the lakes Erie and Ontario ferve as 
 limits between the two nations. 
 
 mil; '' °".i,*|. '''f?i'°" °^ '■'«'■= '™its that 
 meffieurs the EngliA miniftcrs pretend alib 
 to hy the foundation of the negociation. 
 
 The King, ,s fo far from entering into 
 any explanation on this article, that he never 
 wiU confent to his fovereignty over thefouth- 
 ern bank of the river St. Laurence and the 
 lak« of Ontario and Erie to be brought i^ 
 qu^ion, or that thefe parts, which have been 
 
 bicoLTh f-*^ ""r^' *'"^'-' fliouldnow 
 become the hmits of Canada. 
 
 O o The 
 
, t 282 ) 
 
 The prercrvation of that part of Canada, 
 which fliould remain to us after this fepara- 
 tion, would become, by this pretenfion of 
 i^n-land, very chargeable if not impoffible. 
 
 It does not appear that the court of Lon- 
 don IS Willing to confent to our making fettle- 
 inents between the Ohio and Wafbach rivers, 
 unlefs pofllblv at the diftance of fome leagues 
 ^",*]^>s fide the left bank of this laft river; 
 
 We have offered to abandon the land be- 
 tween the mountains of Virginia and the 
 <Jiiio, and to fuffer it to remain neutral ; but 
 we can grant nothing more, without "iving 
 up our communication between Louffianat 
 and Canada. 
 
 We difc in too effential a manner, iii 
 our interefts ind views, with regard to the ca- 
 pital points, which the Ehglifli minifters look 
 upon as the neceffary bafls of a negociation. 
 
 The court of London, in the memorial 
 which has been delivered to you, expreffes its 
 hope, that you have received proper inftruc- 
 tions, and are authorifcd to give in, fpeciii- 
 cally, tlie objedions which the court of 
 France might have made to the counter-pro- 
 je^, and open yoarfdf amicably on this fub- 
 ject. 
 
 The reafons which have determined thfc 
 i^ing not to give an anfwer in writing to the 
 counter.projed in queftion, fubfift always the 
 Wj fince all that the Englifh miiiites 
 havcfaid to ^ou, fince their ^delivering this 
 
 piece 
 
( ^h ) 
 
 piece to you, differs fcarcely in any thins 
 from what it contains. ^ ^ 
 
 Tiieir laft propofitions have only ferved ta 
 ^luftrate what could not be cxpreiTed tt 
 clear a manner in the counter-projedl. 
 
 JJY ""^ of England and his miniftry 
 are as fincere m their defire of peace as we 
 arc they muft defift in a formal rianner fiom 
 their pretenfion of making us abandon, 
 J . The fouthei-n coaft of the river St. Lau- 
 rence and die lakes whofe waters diicharge 
 themfelves mto this river. ^ ' 
 
 2. The twenty leagues of Country which 
 they c'emand on Bave Francoife 
 
 Wafbalhf ''""''"'^ ^'''■''" '^' ^^"^ ^"^ 
 
 We are difpofed to enter into a negociation 
 
 upon all the remainder, and even to^facrife 
 
 Fn 1 /"' u"^^^' ^° ^^^ ^^ convcniencips of 
 ^ngland, wherever it may be confident widi 
 
 ?o^fl-fc^'^'^^^"^^"^^^^^--^y^ 
 
 Brittifh minifters, the moft efFedual mea- 
 fures to guard both nations in America u.ainft 
 
 StX^^^^^^^^ 
 
 , In ^ort, we will not be averfe from making, 
 m concert with them, fuch arrangements f 
 may facditate and augment their Irade; but 
 we (hall enter into no particulars on this fub. 
 jiect, lo long as the court of London fhall look 
 
 9 ° a upq^' 
 
( 284 ; 
 
 upon the three articles, which we are abfo- 
 lutely determtned not to allow of, as a necef- 
 fary and preliminary bafis of the negociation. 
 At firft there was queftion only of the ter-j 
 ritory of the fair river, but now their preten- 
 fions extend to all the parts of Canada, which 
 iie on the fouthern fide of the river St Law- 
 rence. 
 
 It was agreed to adhere to a provifional 
 accommodation, while a definitive treaty 
 Ihould be laboured at afterwards, they would 
 have no provifionary convention, ar.d they 
 pretended to determine every thing at once. 
 
 W e have propofed the preventing any ul- 
 terior ads of violence, by giving orders for 
 that purpofe to the refpedive governors, and 
 to the commanders of the fquadtons ; they 
 have rejeaed a propofal fo reputable and fo 
 full of moderation. 
 
 NUMBER IX. 
 
 Note delivered by the court of London to th 
 Duke de Mireppix, April 24, 1755. 
 
 TH E court of Great Britain fees, with 
 regret, that the friendly anfwer deli- 
 "^u c^l ^s exceUency M. de Mirepoix the 
 •^f^? ^^^^y in confequence of a letter 
 
 ot M. de Rouille of the 27th of laft month, 
 has not been produdive of fuch inftrudions 
 trom his court as mi^ht have enaWed him to 
 
 enter 
 
 pntcr 
 
 ingth 
 
 ter-pr 
 
 early j 
 
 contra 
 
 trad 
 
 which 
 
 Robin: 
 
 France 
 
 vious t 
 
 its pret 
 
 Li 
 
 rence, 
 into thi 
 
 2. 1 
 
 they de 
 
 , 3- 1 
 
 Wabacl 
 
 As t( 
 ille has 
 and ver 
 to be 1 
 counter- 
 point as 
 refers il 
 made oi 
 ^nd app< 
 rity. 
 
 (a) It r 
 tifh minift 
 ideas of th 
 in Englanc 
 before the ( 
 
( 285 ; 
 
 pntcr immediately on a negociatlon concern- 
 ing the different points contained in the conn- 
 ter-projea which had been delivered him lb, 
 early as die 7th of March i but that on the 
 contrary, M. dc Rouillc declares, in the ex- 
 trad ot his letter of the ,3th of this month, 
 which has been communicated to Sir Thomas 
 Kobinfon by the ambaflador of France, that 
 1^ ranee defires the Britiili court would, pre- 
 vious to any negociation, defiR formally from 
 4ts pretenfion, and to make it abandon, 
 
 1. The fouthem coaft of the river St. Law- 
 rence, and the lakes whofe waters are received 
 into that river. 
 
 2. The twenty leagues of country whick 
 they demand on Bay Francoife. 
 
 «.^; T^^ territory between die Ohio and 
 Wabache. 
 
 ille has made it out in a very fliort manner, 
 and very different from what it was intended 
 to be underftood by die above-mendoned 
 counter-projedt (a) j but widi regard to dii^ 
 point as well as die odiers, the Briddi court 
 refers itfelf, and adheres to die expofition 
 made of it, as being founded on the treaties 
 ?nd appearing abfolutely neceffary to its fecu- 
 rity. • -: 
 
 -li"^ ■^^.^^'^ ^^ obferved with what attention the Bri* 
 tilh miniftry feigned not to comprehend well enough the 
 Ideas of the court of France. All that was apprehended 
 in England was, left the negoaation fliould break ok 
 before the execution of the pkn of ijivafion. , 
 
 They 
 
r 286 ; 
 
 They arc, however, difpofed to enter into 
 . tn examination of all the conteilcd points 
 In the courfe of this examination it may be 
 found out in what the moH efTential diffe- 
 rences between the two courts confift, and 
 the natural defire of peace may ftrike out the 
 means of facilitating an accommadatioq. 
 
 NUMBER X. 
 
 Kote, delivered by the Duke de Mirepoix thf 
 6th of May 1755, /« anjwcr to the forego^ 
 
 'T^ H E court of France is invarible in its 
 ■p principles of equity and moderation. It 
 always wifhei very fincerely the prefervation 
 of peace and the moft perfed underftandin« 
 between it and the Britifh court, if die Duke 
 de Mirepoix has not been authorifed to enter 
 into a negociation upon the three fcllowinff 
 points. ° 
 
 1 . The fouthern coaft of the river St. Law- 
 rence, and the lakes whofe waters fall into 
 this river. 
 
 2. The twenty leagues of country alona 
 Bay Francoife. ^ & 
 
 y. ^« J^^ territory between the Ohio and 
 the W abache. 
 
 It was folely becaufe the adhefion to the 
 thefe three points, has been always prefented 
 
 to die 
 the pi 
 It) 
 has c 
 that d 
 tenfioi 
 the CO 
 ways 
 XViil 
 pelle, 
 cuflion 
 taking 
 arrange 
 to put 
 two nai 
 on a fc 
 lity and 
 well for 
 France : 
 t})at is 
 treaties \ 
 be anim 
 is room 
 hie and 
 Will be a 
 the two 
 from th( 
 iitviand 
 
;ntcr into 
 d points, 
 t may be 
 ial difFe- 
 ifift, and 
 out the 
 on. 
 
 poix the 
 ' forego^ 
 
 le in its 
 ion. It 
 ervation 
 Handing 
 e Duke 
 to enter 
 Uowing 
 
 t. Law- 
 "all intq 
 
 io and 
 
 to the 
 
 pedt to 
 
 jfented 
 
 til 
 
 o tJic court of France ns a neccfl-ary bafi^ nn^ 
 the prel,n„„ary conditions of the nXochJ.W 
 
 •hat theXtift co^^t' doTlVrl 'r^""' 
 
 .cnhons relative to thefc three fZas T, 
 
 the court of France is difpofed TfL'. ? 
 ways been tn o^« • ""r"^'^"' ^s it has al- 
 
 XVlIIth artic e ofTf '• "«'■"='>'''<' to th6 
 
 two nations, and fettlt^ Xv' TtL '^' 
 
 that is noT^unlJr f^aTir 'Tf'' 
 treaties , and as the Britift con ?^ 1"'' *•'* 
 be animated with the A '^ r ''"''''^='' "* 
 
 £i^atti:ae"Sr;:aks 
 
 ^^tf M jl. 
 
(m ) 
 
 NUMBER Xi. 
 
 kotr, delivered by the Britifb miniftry to tU 
 Duke de Mirepoix the gth ofM'dy 1755. 
 
 'pHE court of Great Britain fees, with 
 "7. ^^ greateft fatisfadtion, by the anfwer 
 which his excellency the Duke de Mirepoix 
 has delivered to Sir Thomas Robinfoh the 6th 
 of this month, not only that the court of 
 France perfifts in its refolution for maintain- 
 ing the pcaccj but likcwife that its difpofition* 
 are the fame that thofc of England have al- 
 ways been, andareftill, to enter without de- 
 lay into the examination, and into an amica- 
 ble difcuflion of all the points in difpute. 
 
 The court of Great Britain has, during the 
 courfe of the negociation, proceeded with fo 
 much candour (aj and confidence, that they 
 did not hefitate to expofe naturally their inten- 
 tions and pretenfions, in order that the court 
 of France byading in the fame manner, might 
 facilitate and haften the conciliation fo much 
 Wifiied for on each fide. 
 
 (a) The value to be fct on this word may be eafily 
 •ttimated, by whoever has read the above pieces. 
 
 ^UMB. 
 
( 2^9 ) 
 
 y to the 
 
 es, with 
 E anfwer 
 i^irepoix 
 I the 6th 
 court of 
 laintain- 
 pofitions 
 riave al- 
 lout de- 
 i amica-a 
 te. 
 
 ring the 
 with fo 
 »at they 
 r inten- 
 e court 
 , might 
 ) much 
 
 be eafily 
 s. 
 
 f M B. 
 
 NUMBER XII. 
 
 '"b^- M,mjlry cj hoMm, May ,4, ^f^ 
 
 THE Difputcs between tl,c court, 
 ot iTimce and England, coiicernin" 
 Amer,ca, have for fuhjeaf ,. ihe ^^T^ 
 
 In the dirciillion of thefe points, the .'c- 
 neral pnnaplcs to be laid d<mn for the ne- 
 ROCiation are thofc, and thofe only of juftice 
 Ae fecunty of the refpeflivc colonies, and 
 their mutual conveniences. 
 H,/?- "" !'?'^.r»rticular difcuflions conccr.^in- 
 the Jour obieih ,n (,uefti„„, ,hcfc principles 
 
 tIT '" ^ ^l ''g'« °^- Therefore 'v^ 
 Aall here treat of Uieil- ohjcfts in a fur.nna, v 
 manner, one .iltcr another. 
 
 Article j. 
 W 'b^' Limits of Acadhi. 
 
 a part of the Pcnnmful. v,-!-,ere it i. fmntcd, 
 which part extends from Cape F.urch t. or 
 
 P P im 
 
( i^o ) 
 
 Cnpe SaHe to Cape Canceau. This has 
 been evidently made out by the Memorial of ■ 
 the Trench commiflaries dated Odober 4 
 fin,^'' *V"".'"«'«f given to it by the Ens- 
 lift commiffanes does not invalidate thefafls 
 nor the proofs which it contains. It outht 
 Aerefore, to be laid down as a bafis of^he 
 
 xi;::^i„tia^-^-^=^^-"'y^p- 
 
 But the court of France for the fake of 
 
 Sr^J'l •''™/'^''"l' 'f'"'' having difcufled 
 and afcertamcd its right, to the not infifting 
 
 into wZl" "^°"'' '"'* ™[' "S--^^ '° ^''"'"ine 
 into what may concern the objeft in ciue- 
 
 ft.on, and the reciprocal fecurity' and conve- 
 
 ruence of both. It may poflibly alfo determine 
 
 to yield to tl>e Engliifi, the intire PenZ- 
 
 lula, under certain conditions and referva- 
 
 tions, With ,ut which it neither ought, norZ 
 
 ,11 ';i, '^'^'" 1"""? *^ 'f"'^« of *ree years 
 all the Irerch who inhabit the Penninfula 
 may have liberty to withdraw frL Se„ce 
 
 affiftance be given them for facilitating this 
 
 x^!ll 3 r^"' "*'■* *^ E"g''*' doubtlefe, 
 wl^^coniider as very advantageous for them- 
 
 2. That France fliall keep the Ifthmu* 
 and Beaubaffin, fince ftie ca?not abfoSv 
 
 ttte at t7 "'*°"' giving up at the TZ 
 time, at leaft, auring , coijfiderable part of 
 
 th« 
 
 the yeai 
 and the 
 
 "enninj 
 
 be Jeft 
 
 bears oi 
 
 pJropofal 
 
 of Acad 
 
 J^oyal, ; 
 
 and de£ 
 
 an obfta 
 
 either of 
 
 the othe 
 
 4. TJ 
 
 demand 
 
 of twent 
 
 lide of C 
 
 fort of rig 
 
 in demai 
 
 Way nece 
 
 nojbrt < 
 
 tween A( 
 
 on the coj 
 
 neceflary 
 
 tion with 
 
 ticable by 
 
 The cc 
 
 its compic 
 
 iire to k( 
 
 uftderftanc 
 
 with fentii 
 
 of the coi 
 
This has 
 
 femorial of 
 )(Sober 4. 
 
 the Eng- 
 J the fads. 
 
 It ought, 
 fis of the 
 nly a part 
 
 e fake of 
 
 \ difcufTed 
 
 t infifting 
 
 • examine 
 
 in que- 
 
 d conve- 
 
 letermine 
 
 Pennin- 
 
 referva- 
 
 nor c^i 
 
 Dnditions 
 
 2e years, 
 minfula, 
 tliehce 
 tiner of 
 ing this 
 )ubtlefe, 
 r them- 
 
 jfthmys 
 folutely 
 e fa(ne 
 part of 
 th« 
 
 V.l'-^}'^ "" I'^F'/^''^ ^^'^"^ of land in the 
 Penninfula, which /hall be ai>reed on ihnll 
 
 ^ars on the gulph of St. Lawrence. This 
 P^opofal IS not lefs favourable to the Engl H 
 of Acadia than it is to the French of Iflet 
 
 fj'hl"^ °^u^'u J°^"' ^^^^« ^hir wood, 
 and defiles, which muft be crolfed. will ba 
 an obftacle equally to the enteiprifes which 
 
 t^orfer ''''^°"' ^°"^^ ^°^^ ^^'-^^^ ^^ 
 
 H..t* J^'^ t|^e English /hall defift from th« 
 demand which they have made of an extent 
 IaIT^ ^^.^g'^^s along Bay Francoife on the 
 fide of Canada. They having abfolutely, no 
 fort of right to, nor have they any real inierefl 
 in demanding this ceffion, which is in no 
 way neceiTary to their commerce, and is of 
 no fort of ufe to their communication he- 
 tween Acadia and New England; whereas 
 on the contrary, this territory is indifpenfibly 
 necefTary to the French for their communica. 
 tion with Quebec, when it becomes imprac. 
 ticable by the river St. Lawrence. 
 
 The court of France as a further proof of 
 Its comp aifance for England, and of its de- 
 fire to keep up with it, the niofl perfe<!t 
 uftderftanding, may alfo, if it fhouid meet 
 With fentiments diat are reciprocal en tiie part 
 «f the court of London, yield to the En^, 
 
 ^ P 2 liiih, 
 
(292 ) 
 
 ' s?" u^A "^""""t^y *y^"^ between tlie river of 
 Sagahadoe and that of Pentaaoet. 
 
 Endi^ 'IT'' ^^ ,*' ?'y "■"= 'l^^''^ °f the 
 New E; ,t ,»"'T'Z- *•= ^•'^"^^ concerning 
 
 *A Q. L J ^* '^^^ province extend onlv 
 
 arid thJ^^P^'"''' '"=^ between diis river 
 and that of Pentagoet would anfwer nav 
 
 the Engli/h miglit propofe to themfelves. 
 From what has been here faid it refulfs. 
 
 w n . ' ^"l^^ *"'J f^nfible j but fhe 
 ?f °" °{ the Penninfula of AcaL. with 
 
 n^ntfiT ^^t: '"'' *= P^«°° theconti. 
 SaS^i '"'"* '^""'^^ fr""* Sagahadoe tt,' 
 
 A R r 1 c I ^ 
 
le river of 
 
 (m J 
 
 !ds of the 
 Mcerning 
 ■r> ^695, 
 tend only 
 confide- 
 this river 
 ver, nay, 
 ds which 
 Ives, 
 
 t refults, 
 s to fa- 
 ) and an 
 but flie 
 ond the 
 ia, with 
 mentiorf 
 le conti- 
 ladoe to' 
 
 c LIE 
 
 Article II. 
 
 Concerning the Limits of Q2imdi^, 
 
 ^ HE Court of France has, in a decif- 
 -* five manner rejeded, and will always 
 rejedt the propofition which has been made 
 by England; that the fouthern coaft of die 
 river St. Lawrence, and the lakes Ontario 
 and Erie, fhould ferve as limits between the 
 two nations. 
 
 It muft be laid down as a bafis for tho 
 negociation in regard to this article, that tho 
 nver St. Lawrence is the centre of Canada. 
 This truth is juftifiedbyjuft titles, by emi- 
 nent writers, and by poffeilion. 
 
 All that France can agree to, after laying 
 down this principle, which cannot admit of 
 any reafonble contradidion, is to examine, 
 in regard to this objed, whether the recipro- 
 cal convenience of both nations may not 
 require in this refped: fbme particular ar- 
 rangement in order to the fixing invariably, 
 the refpedtive limits. 
 
 The only pretext with which the Englifh 
 endeavour to glofs over their pretenfions, is 
 taken from article XV of the treaty of U- 
 trecht 1 but if all the exprelTions contained 
 in jhis ^cle ve examined into widi due 
 
 attention^ 
 
i 294 ) 
 
 which the court of ?^ •?"" *•= '"•'"ffion* 
 draw from & ^°"''°" ^°''''' '" ^^^' 
 
 *^hrie7rf -^" ^-°' 
 
 «ha^ aS„S;iWe° ''"'^^ 
 which thev occunv f7j , "^^ country 
 
 friend ^fuS he f"^ '° '^^ "°-» -^ofe 
 intatf "^r^^^ r «. - free a„<i 
 
 «end.ofF.„l^:Tti--^^ 
 French fgmihes are interu.orried even amont 
 *e Iroquws, and have dwelt among Xnf 
 
I 
 
 ( 295 ) 
 
 All the laft war, during which, the five 
 nations have obferved the moft itrid neutra^ 
 
 TT."^* u^^"" ^^^^ ^'^''^^« of the treaty of 
 Utrecht contain, the fame ftipulations, a§ 
 welm favour of tlie French, as in favour 
 of the Eng -fli, and thefe ftipulations are 
 mutual The French might therefore fay. 
 With a better title than the Englifli can urge 
 in fupport of their claim to tlie /roquois, 
 mat the Abnaqui nations, and the Souriquois 
 ^therwife called Micmacs, Malcutes and 
 Cannibas, &c. are the fubjeas of France • 
 and as there are Souriquois who inhabit the 
 extremity of the Penninfula on the fide of 
 cape Fourchu and of cape Sable i it would 
 foUow diat the French might pretend to 
 torm fettlements at tliat place, with as much 
 right as the Englifh have had in makin? fetw 
 dements at Ofwego, or Choua^uen, on tlie 
 banks of lake Ontario, in 17J6 or 1727. 
 and of courfe a long time after the peace of 
 Utrecht J France has not ceafed ftnce that 
 time, to complain againft this encroachment, 
 and fhe expels that the fort of Chouaauen 
 ihall be deftroyed. ^ 
 
 The treaty of Utrecht was not rightly in- 
 terpreted, when it was pretended, that it 
 authorifed the French and Englifli to drive a 
 trade promifcuoufly, among all the Savao^ 
 nations, on pretence of fubjedion, alliance 
 or fncndHiip, This article, if well undey- 
 
 /L 1 
 
 uOOm 
 
i 
 
 K/o^ spirit f' '^^ "'« 
 
 which Je the A,? • ^^'^^"^ refpedivcly, 
 to deemed fix™ "r""/ */" "S'« '» 
 
 ^-tion which told^r^e In^d '" ^"'''''° 
 morrow become -„-• "™*, may to- 
 
 »rgume„t whfi"^m \"<'*«rfore! Ae 
 4n this htad wo^^ V ^"'l ^'" "'■^d 
 diftedhyaa ' " ^^"^ "^en contra- 
 
 4K'^th'':^:L%P™- cleady. 
 
 trecht be difcXd ,. / *^ "^^'y of U- 
 ofj«fticea^^Sirwm'?S«°^ the rules 
 «urn the falfe i„f«^~! .- '^, ^^^ '« over- 
 to it. No wiU a^?°"; ^^''^ "^ given 
 
 .in-e.isiir^r;~,JHee^tia. 
 
y for the 
 ^Ses may 
 nong. the 
 authorifes 
 their co- 
 with the 
 
 f is pro- 
 pedivcly, 
 ought to 
 the two 
 'cen exe- 
 fufcepti- 
 ' Indian 
 [nay to- 
 ore, the 
 en ufed 
 contra- 
 
 clearly, 
 r of U- 
 e rules 
 3 over- 
 e given 
 ifficulty 
 not be 
 ietting 
 ^rrned. 
 'aft re- 
 a little 
 ^ential 
 lat of 
 itereft. 
 
 ( ^97) 
 
 fccunty, and that of trade : the court of 
 France will be always difpofcd to concert 
 in both thefe refpedts with that of London, 
 luch arrangements as arc equitable and folid, 
 ;«S well for the prefent as the future. 
 
 A R T I C L K ni, 
 
 ^oncermng the courfe and the territory ef tbt 
 
 Ohio. *^ 
 
 T T is incontcftiblc from the principles which 
 * agree widi the titles, with jufticc, with, 
 the law of convenience and the mutual fe* 
 <;""ty, Aat the Ohio ought to make part of 
 me poffeffions of France. The Englifl^ 
 have no fettlements upon this river, and whei^ 
 the Brittifli minifters maintained this propo- 
 fition : that the fourccs of this river are full 
 of antient fettlements of their nation i it was 
 plain, they had trufted too much to falfe re- 
 lations. ^ The French have always looked 
 upon this river as d^endent of Canada, and 
 It is eflcn'dal to her, in order to the commu- 
 nication of Canada with Louifianaj they 
 have frequented it in all times, and in num- 
 bers. It was even by this river, that they 
 lent the detachment of troops which were 
 fcnt to the Louifiana, about the year 1739, 
 on the occafipp of the war of the Chi- 
 tachas. 
 
 ft a 
 
 Had 
 
( i9S ) 
 
 "ihd there been Englifli fettlemcnts then 
 
 on that river, and had it been a part of the 
 
 ^mtifli colonies, would the French have been 
 
 buffered to dcfcend its whole courfe ; or would 
 
 not the court of London have at Icaft made 
 
 tx)mplaints of it? but at that time there was 
 
 no quefhon or the leaft mention made, of the 
 
 prctenfion which has been raifed up fince • 
 
 withoutprocrf; without title, and without an^ 
 
 tort of foundation. ^ 
 
 It is true that in latter years, fome Eng- 
 Jifli a-aders have paiTed the mountains of Vir. 
 ^inia, and have ventured to carry on a furr- 
 ^de towards the Ohio with the Savages. 
 The French governors of Canada contented 
 themfclves at iirft, with fendihg them word 
 
 oA ?T^^^'^ °." ^^^ ^^"^"""y of France, 
 and forbidding them to return on pain of 
 
 having their goods feifed and themfelves 
 made prifoners : they returned notwithftand- 
 ing, and their goods have been confifcated 
 and fold, their perfons feifed and conduced 
 to Qijebec, from thence to France, where 
 they have been detained in the prifons of 
 Rochelle: no claim, no complaint was made 
 on this occ^ion, by the court of London: 
 they have been confidered only as fmug- 
 |te, whofe defire of gain, had expofed them 
 to Ae rifque attending an illicit trade. 
 
 Having thus afcertained, and with fo much 
 ^hdity thenght and pofefTion of the French 
 ^ the Ohio Md ito territory, their being fa- 
 
 tisfieil 
 
ents then 
 irt of the 
 have been 
 or would 
 eaft made 
 there was 
 de, of the 
 up fince J 
 ^out any 
 
 me Eng- 
 is of Vir- 
 » a furr- 
 Savages. 
 :ontented 
 5m word 
 France, 
 pain of 
 emfel/es 
 ithftand- 
 nfifcated 
 ndudted 
 I where 
 ifons of 
 as made 
 lOndon j 
 fmug- 
 idthem 
 le. 
 
 i>much 
 French 
 Ing ia- 
 
 ( 299 ) 
 
 risfied to ftipulate, that all the territory be- 
 tween the Ohio and die mountains, which 
 
 interdijaed as wefi to the French as to the 
 ^ngliHi, ought to be confidered as a very 
 fenfible proof of dieir love of peace, ? 
 
 Article IV. 
 
 ConcerHtng the Contefied IJlands. 
 
 np H E S E Mands are thofe of St. Lucia, 
 * Domimca, ^t, Vincent and Tobago ' 
 We venture to affirm, that the commiiTaries 
 ot !• ranee have demonftrated in the cleared 
 manner, that the ilknd of St. Lucia belongs 
 to the king their mafter, and that thofe oi 
 bt. Vincent and Dominica, ought to berong 
 to Ac Savages or Caribbees under the protcc- 
 of hismajefty. ^ 
 
 ^ The commifTaries have made no memo, 
 ml relauve to Tobago, but the lawfulnefs 
 of the nghts of France to this ifland, is not 
 thQ lefs demonftrablc : fo that the court of 
 
 • J^ir"^!' ^' f"^ /^""^ ^^"^^ *at »t prevails on 
 Itfelf to make m favour of England; tKe 
 lacrifices which have been mentioned in this 
 memorial, ought to require, that its right 
 * K '"V *^ ^^' -"Ucia and Tobago be 
 Q^^ ^ acknow- 
 
( 300 ) 
 
 acknowredgec!, and that the iflands of St. 
 Vincent and Dominico do remain to the 
 lavages or Caribbecs, under the protedion 
 of his moft Chriftian majc%. 
 
 Signed 
 
 r 
 
 The Duke dc Miicpoix, 
 
 NUMBER xiri. 
 
 Memorial, Mvered the ytb qf June i-je^ 
 hy the Miniflry of London J^ in a^fJr to 
 the foregoing, on the four Points to be dip. 
 tujed, rdattng to America. *' 
 
 ^ \ Vu ^{""i^' 'f^'^^i^ or Nova Scotia. 
 2. The Limits of Canada, " . 
 
 S-'^C^andtheTerrimyoftheOhia. 
 4. The Iflands of St Lucia/si Vincent, 
 Domtmca and Tobago. 
 
 THE Courtof Grcat.Britainlayjdowtt 
 tinn .% g^^^r^i principles of the negocia- 
 tion, thofe of right and juftice , but it cannot 
 aUow (properly fpeakingj that of copvenienS; 
 to be one of thefej as it is not to be admitted 
 excepting ,t be for the hU of peace, and S 
 order to preferve a good harmS^y, which ia 
 fp much wi(hed ibr, between both ^oiu-ts! 
 
 They' 
 
ds of Sl 
 1 to the 
 )rotedion 
 
 ^iicpoix. 
 
 f 301 ) 
 They ought therefore to difpofc themfelves 
 eoually to depart, in certain cafes, from 
 what might appear an abfolute right, when 
 it can be done with fafety. The court of 
 Great-Lntain, is ready to ^ive proof of its 
 good difpofition on this occaHon, whenever it 
 is confident with prudence, and its fafety -, 
 upon the prefumption that it will meet with 
 the fame good intentions on the part of 
 France. 
 
 Art 
 
 z c L E I. 
 
 ywer to 
 
 'cotia* 
 
 he Ohia. 
 Viftcenfy 
 
 rs dowQ 
 legocia- 
 cannot 
 iniencc, 
 imitted 
 and in 
 hich [%, 
 
 Tkty 
 
 Oft&e Limits of Acadia. 
 
 Tl/Hatcvcr reafon France may have to 
 ^^ imagine that Acadia ought to be limit- 
 , ted to tfiis part of the Penninfula which ex-, 
 tends from cape Fourchu, or from cape Sa- 
 ble to caj)c Canfeau, grounded upon what is 
 alledged in the Memorials of its commiflaries ' 
 of the 4th of OiSober, 1751 j it were to 
 be wifhed diat a greater attention had been 
 paid to the reply made to that memorial, and 
 given in by the Engliih commiffaries above 
 two years ago. 
 
 To this, France makes no odier anfwer ♦ 
 
 • An Anfwer has been made fince to this Reply, hy 
 f Memorial which is to be foon publiflied. The pro- 
 ceedmgs of the Englifti might have difpenfeJ (the Com- 
 miflanes of his Majefty) with this labour: but France 
 owes to its own Glory, the care which ihe takes to 
 expofe, to the eyes of the Univerfe, both tie juftice of 
 «$! ii^igats^ and the reguidrity of her Steps, ' 
 
 thaa 
 
•• fori if n"'i -T'"!™^'' ""'• "hat there, 
 tore, ,t flioula be laid down as a bafis of 
 
 the negcK;,at„m, that Acadia compofes only 
 
 a,, art of the Penninfula: '• however, tliis 
 
 Kr ':; ;'l'n°"« °^ Great-Britain o t 
 clearly and folidly proved in this reply, viz 
 Aa the ancient limits of Acadia l/kZl 
 Scoua (and the queftion tarns here, on thofe 
 
 Kew England by Penobfcot river, othcrwifc 
 «lled Pentasoet ; that is to fay.' be^innZ 
 
 L S,/"r"*' ""^ '■™'" *«"<^^ drawing f 
 ftraight hne on the north frie to the river 
 
 «t fh; Tt' °l "'J S"" "^«'- of Canada; 
 li^w* u^*^ '^''* "^<^ St. Lawrence 
 akng Its fouthern bank to cape Rofiers fitu, 
 Med at Its entrance , eaftwards by the area! 
 p.lph of a. Lawrence from the fSSfape 
 Rofiers, on the fouth-eaft by the Raccaloo 
 flands o cape Breton, leaving thefe iflands 
 
 t^k'f' .',"'' J"'' S"'P'' °f St- Lawrence 
 «nd Newfoundland, with the iilanH W^ncr. 
 ing thereto on th< left, to the car,,-: .?. 
 montory cal ed cape Breton ; on tl .^ ;,„ 
 the great Atlantic ocean, drawing towards the 
 fouA-weft from the faid cape ufeton by cape 
 Sable, taking in Ae iflands of the fameVarS^ 
 
 W t ^7- "^ ?""■*'• ''^''^ '^^^d 'o, 
 T '??".'* '"'° the country, to the mouth 
 •4 uie faiil r. .er Penobfqot or Pentagoct. 
 
ovfrturn? 
 contained 
 at there- 
 
 bails of 
 >ofes only 
 ver, this 
 in to txi 
 >ly, viz. 
 >r Nova- 
 on thofe 
 towards 
 thtrwife 
 -ginning 
 ivving a 
 he river 
 Canada j 
 wrence, 
 !rs litu- 
 >e great 
 id cape 
 accaloo 
 
 iflands 
 wrence 
 ^^^ung- 
 
 rdsthe 
 
 y cape 
 
 nama 
 
 id tOr 
 
 nouth 
 
 t. 
 
 ( 303 ) 
 
 Jimits claimed as a matter of rieht Bv both 
 
 XJ'itmn. for the fake of peace, not to infift 
 r.-W0„fly. on what belonifs to t, but top ». 
 pofe that two lines being dra,;„, the one 
 ftom the mouth of the fiver Pc^obfcot «; 
 Pentagoet, to .ts fource, and thence in , 
 dire<a line northwards to the river St. Law! 
 xence, the other from a certain point on the 
 fa.d nverof Pentagoet, at twenty l°ag«es 
 d.ftance from its mouth ac„,fs the Ltin^ent 
 
 «hS? '^i",! °" *' S"lph of St. Lawrence 
 *vh,ch wdl be at tweiity league, diftance froni 
 
 lula, the Ifthmus, the Bay of Fundv and 
 
 line, lliall belong in full fovereignty to the 
 crown of Great Britain, Aat widi regid t» 
 the count|y fituated to the north-weft bftwem 
 ■the two abovefaid lines, ,0 the river St Uw- 
 
 h."Z fir A°' ^J^^'^^-i "0^ inhabited 
 oLr •* " °"^ P""'" "'• 'he 
 
 The court of Great Britain imagines that 
 this propofmon wJl fuHfiH perfedly. th^ ob- 
 
 •W !k""'1 *"? '"'■P'''^''' ""nvenience ; 
 but on the other hand it fees with regret 
 
 under wh.ch trance pretends <o leave the 
 
 pofleffioil of the Pcnninfi.I.. .„ n.... I...:. • 
 
 are 
 
. ( 304 ) 
 
 are. fubjed to obftacles and unfurmountabl* 
 objedions, Co as to render the poflcffion o} 
 this Pcnninfula totally ufelefs. 
 ^ I . With regard to the propofitbn of grant- 
 ing the fpace of three years to all the French 
 who inhabit die Penninfula, in order to 
 wididraw from dience widi their efj^dts j it 
 were depriving England of a very confide- 
 rabel number of ufeful fubjeasj fliould fucb 
 a tranfmigration extend to the French vvrho 
 were fetded there at the time of the treaty of 
 Utrecht, and to tfieir defcendants. 
 
 By the fpurteenth article of this treaty, 
 Ae inhabitants have had, it is true, die liberty 
 to retire widi dieir moveables; but this 
 lime Iseing expired diefe forty years, there is 
 «ot die lead rcafon for fuch a right to fubfift 
 at prefent, and it muft be fuppofed diat % 
 thofe virho have been willing to remain un- 
 der the dominion of Great Britain, as well 
 as their defcendants born in the country, 
 Vould not leave widiout much reludance, 
 their fettlements, though even !t were pof- 
 fible diat die king of Great Britain could 
 ^onfent to fo difadvantageous a propofiton. 
 
 * Thefe Inhabitants did not withdraw then, becaufc 
 they did not take it, that the country which they inha- 
 bited was comprehended in the ceffion j and the Engifli 
 themfelves formed the fame judgment, as appears from 
 their not compelling them to acknowledge the King of 
 J^V^ind for their Sovereign. 
 
 Whatever 
 
nountablflt 
 flcffion ot 
 
 ofgrant- 
 le French 
 order to 
 jfjedlsj it 
 confide- 
 ould fu(b 
 rich who 
 ; treaty of 
 
 is treaty, 
 lie liberty 
 but this 
 
 there is 
 to fubfift 
 I that % 
 aain un- 
 
 as well 
 country, 
 luctance, 
 ere pof- 
 in could 
 }fiton. 
 
 1} becaufe 
 :hey inha- 
 :he Engilh 
 lears from 
 e King of 
 
 Tiatever 
 
 ( 305 ) 
 
 fcfs thelfthmus andBeaubaffin, as the onlt 
 communication during a confiderable pmd: 
 
 Great Bntain cannot confent thereto, wfthl 
 out giving up the moft cffential fecirity for 
 the remainder of the Penninfula, of ^ich 
 the who e mieht a«? wpU k« «• 
 leave th^ ftr^ fu r °^ S*^^" "P» »& to 
 leave the Key thereof to another. - 
 
 fn Ih w ^^"!'' difficulty occurs with regard 
 to Ae propofal of leaving in the Penninfula! 
 
 Gt"fp'^;. Sl^^P^^^St. Lawrthce: To 
 
 2^^ T!;ii "PP"''^' ^^f very thick 
 woods and defiles to be croffed, would te^d 
 more 10 favour the defi^ns which one pow^ 
 may^ have fot anothel, than to A% 
 
 .that Great Britain for her own fecurity, is fviii 
 under a neceffity of infifting that Lfh^ 
 have a certain ikirt of land a1 may be aS 
 on, along the northern coaft ofW bay of 
 t undy to the gulph of St. Lawrence, with. 
 
 ;ll^r'^^°'^""^^>--^^^-nrirel^^ 
 
 So that, on whatever fide we view the cori- 
 Ations and ^efemtions of France, GrS- 
 
 . ..,„ M*«vntiu;i5. ioieaft the bay of 
 
 ^ ^ Fuiidy 
 

 < 3o6 ; 
 
 Fundy in common, were the moft certain 
 means of interrupting the happy harmony fo 
 much wiflied for on both fides. Hitherto 
 
 * It has been fufficiently demonftrated by cx- 
 
 * perience,' even by the confeflion of France 
 according to the memorial of M. de Torci' 
 of the lothof June 1712, « that it is im- 
 
 poflible to preferve fuch an union in the 
 'places that are held in common by the 
 French and Englifh.' Which may be faid 
 with equal trudi of a Bay which is fo narrow 
 as that m queftion : France has been hidierto 
 contented with the iHe Royal, in order to fe- 
 cure herfelf the entrance of the river St. Law- 
 rence j and it was owing to the fame reafons 
 that the Englifh who were to be the poffef- 
 fors of Acadia and Newfoundland, by the 
 treaty of Utrecht, renounced their preten- 
 fions to the farther poffeffion of the lifand of 
 cape Breton in common with the French. ' 
 
 Of the Limm of Canada. 
 
 T T will be difficult to form to one's felf a 
 . precife. Idea, of what, in the memorial is 
 called the centre of Canada ; we can ftill lefs 
 admit, for a bafis of the negociation, that the 
 river St. Lawrence be tlie centre of this pro- 
 vince : 
 
: certain 
 mony Co 
 Hitherto 
 d by ex- 
 France, 
 e Torci, 
 it is im- 
 i in the 
 by the 
 be faid 
 » narrow 
 hitherto 
 :r to fe- 
 lt. Law- 
 ' reafbns 
 ; polTef- 
 by the 
 preten- 
 tfand of 
 ich. 
 
 felf a 
 orial h 
 lilllefs 
 bat the 
 is pro- 
 vince : 
 
 ( 307 ) 
 
 vince : this is advanced without any proof, 
 
 and it is impoffible, that the courfe of a river 
 
 of this extent could form the centre of any 
 
 country. Moreover, Great Britain cannot 
 
 fublcnbe to this propofition, viz.. thkt the 
 
 country between the northern coaft of the 
 
 bay of Fundy, and the fouthern bank of the 
 
 river St. Lawrence, ^which Great Britain 
 
 has offered already fhbuld remain neutral, 
 
 without being pofleffed by cither nation, and 
 
 except the ikirt of land which is propofed to be 
 
 drawn out of it; ought to be coniidcred, or 
 
 has ever been confidered as a part of Ca^ 
 
 nada, fince thp contrary h^s been demoiifttated 
 
 by authentic proofs. '; 
 
 Neither can Great Bi-itain allow, that 
 France has a right to the lakes Ontario and 
 Erie, or to the river Niagata, and the Hivjr- 
 gation of thefe waters excliiiively} it being 
 evident from inconteftible fidts, Ait' 'the fub- 
 je<as of Great Britain and prance, as Well as 
 the five /roq[uois nations, have made uft of 
 the navigation of thefe lakes and _ rivers 
 wihout diftinftion, as often as their oc- 
 cafions and convenience required it. . But ' 
 as to a part of the country fituated on thq 
 fouthern coaft of the river St. Lawrence, 
 exclufive of what has been already propofed 
 to be left neutral, whofe limits are difputed 
 between both nations, or their refpeqtive colo- 
 fties: The court of Great Britain is ready to 
 
 *vr z 
 
 ent;c 
 
( 3o8 ) 
 enter into 4 * Difcuffion on this fubieft »„,» 
 
 *-%htsa„dporeffioroft7Tfef 
 
 either bv VhT^ ?" ""^"^ ^y foundation. 
 ^e«y ^ *' "^"'^ °^ *« intention of thi^ 
 
 ^ &ea^''*J^*r=''^«» ^i^fi-ion of 
 wdlTs hf,h 'Wft.i-eUte to (he country as 
 
 " .if , _ 
 
 >rd V 
 
 tannic M^V. bt'^tit "wUh aWe ,'^ '''■? f" 
 was expeaed, the Fi^nr-K v ^"^ Succe/s that 
 
 >lrcad/o„ WdMXd'tSoTt''"' ^=° 
 J ranee. "^ ** '^ *"«*• on their return tq 
 
 caa 
 
f 309 ) 
 can never give it up. The countries porTeilL-d 
 by thefe Indians are very well knx)Wii, and 
 are not at all fo undetermined as it is pre- 
 tended in the memorial; they poiTefs and 
 make them o er as odier proprietors do in all 
 other places. 
 
 2. Great Britain has never pretended tliat 
 the country wherein an Indian might 
 make a tranfient refidence; belonged to 2ie 
 crown whofe friend or fubjea: he Oiould 
 be. 
 
 3. However free and independent the Sa- 
 vages m queftion may be (which is ' a point 
 the court of Great Britain will not difcufs* * V 
 th^y cannot be con ftdered otherwife than fub- 
 jedte of Great Britain, and treated as fuch byv 
 l^rance in particular; fince rtie has folemnlr 
 engaged^ by the treaty of Utrecht. . renewed 
 and confirmed in the beft manner by that of 
 Aix la Chapelle, to confider them as iudxy 
 the nature of things is not changed § by thd 
 treaty of Utrecht. The fame people ; the 
 lame country, always exift : but the acknow- 
 ledgement made by France of the fubjedioit 
 ot the Iroquois to Great Britain, is an ever- 
 lafting proof of her right in tliis refoedt 
 Which can never be.difputcd by France. 
 
 * They are right in that: However, this poijit is 
 deaHye Forifthe Savages are Independent, it fbl. 
 lows that they are not fubjeas of England. 
 
 »• ^^^Y nican, dgubtlcfs, to dy (fmce}. 
 
 4- It 
 
4- It is true, the fifteenth article of the 
 treaty of .Qtrecht contains the fa:-ne ftipula- 
 tions in favour of the French, as it does in 
 favour of die Englifli, with regard to fuch 
 Indian nations as fhould, after the conclufion 
 of this treaty, be by the comniifTaries deemed 
 to be fubjC(^h of Great Britain or France j but 
 as to what regands the five /roquois nations, 
 or cantohs above-mentioned, France has dif- 
 tm<ftly and fpceifically declared by. the faid 
 hfteenth article, that they are fubjecft to Great 
 isntam > ^Magna Bntdnnia imperio SubjeSli • 
 and confeqixntly, this point can admit of no 
 faithcr difpute, . .ih 
 
 5. In whatever fenfe the treaty of Utrecht 
 may lie undcrftood, with refpedt to the trade 
 which the Englifh and French fliall.be 
 allowed, to carry on indiftindly with the 
 J>avage nations; it is notwithftandW very 
 certain, that fuch a general trade is not at all 
 forbidden by this treaty. \t is a common and 
 natural right which people have, to go and 
 »;goaateam3ng. their fubjeas, * allies or 
 Jriends ; but to come with an armed force on 
 ^\-i^ lands belonging to the fubjedts or allies of 
 ;»notlief crown, and there to build forts, ftrip 
 
 .rc*c Jrn' 1/' ?'^' ^'S;'"g *= Q.^««on- The Iroquois 
 
 arceternalIyfappofedto.be th.' fubjeds of England. 
 
 i ney are at this time their enemies j faaa Juret thev 
 
 h ve been alv^ays free : We need only ^to ca* Our ey eJ 
 
 theiTij 
 
cle of th& 
 »ie ftipula- 
 it does in 
 (i to fuch 
 conclufion 
 es deemed 
 ancej but 
 >is nations, 
 e has dif- 
 y the faid 
 t to Great 
 
 tiiit of no 
 
 f Utrecht 
 the trade 
 
 fliall .be 
 with the 
 iing very 
 not at all 
 mon and 
 
 go and 
 lilies or 
 force on 
 ' allies of 
 rts, fkip 
 
 2 Iroquois 
 
 England. 
 
 fure.^ thev 
 
 > 
 tour 
 ihin 
 
 eyes 
 
 theiri^ 
 
 ( 511 ) 
 them of tlieir territories, appropiate them to 
 one's felf i this is what is not, what cannot 
 be authorifed by any pretenfion, not even by 
 the moft uncertain one of all, viz. conve- 
 niency: fuch are notwithftanding, the forts 
 of Frederic, Niagara, the Prefqu-Ifle, Ox- 
 nver, and all thofe which have been built on 
 the Ohio, and on the adjacent lands. , 
 
 Whatever pretext might be alledged by 
 France, in confidering thefe conntries as the 
 appurtenances of Canada j it is a certain- 
 trudi that they have belonged, and (as they 
 have not been given up or made over to the 
 Englifh; belong ftill t6the fime Indian na^ 
 tions, which by the fifteenth article of the 
 treaty of Utrecht, France agreed not to mo- 
 left, «/z//(? inpojierum impcdimenU aut moleflia 
 <lfficiant. * 
 
 6. It has been already proved tliat France 
 has, by the exprefs woVds of the faid treaty, 
 fully and abfolutely acknowledged the Iro- 
 quois as fubjedls of Great Britain. It would 
 
 * What ?' The Englifli go to war for the Iroqtiois 
 on whofe heads they have fet a price, and whom the/ 
 confidLf this time as their enemies f If thefe countries 
 never ceafed to belong to the Savages, why do they now 
 aifturb all Europe, in order to render thefe Indians afcr, 
 vic?e which they do not demand, and at which they are 
 <ven offended. We might fay to the Englifh, Why dp 
 you not abandon the Iroquois who abandon you? Wat 
 n neceflary that M. Braddock fhould lofe his life to ferv« 
 fuch friends : it is true, the Savages themfelves do no{ 
 look on the zeal ©f the Englifh as -a difmterelkd inftance, 
 «f Frieiidfhip. . 
 
 not, 
 
^nuf Lt„*A* «»«"iffi«»>» have aba,,: 
 prevSte? I^ ^ *^ "«*>"' which have 
 
 ^^«Q, «&tf, wiA :^gard to Ae Iroquoi' 
 
 •m 
 
 Ortat Mr!: *" *^='<^' *= ' court of 
 
 S??eaS teT' "^"'^l" ^™«'' having 
 
 lory in aueffi™ "'" ?'^° '"'* *= t«=frt- 
 ^ w quefton , even that of boffeflioh !. 
 
 to b^fcr^KT" PT"'' "^ have had?„; 
 Sl^ferf f, ri"*^ ^ '^ Chapelle J 
 r^ «e««d, lately on land* which evi- 
 
 dently 
 
as is pre- 
 an agree- 
 Indians, if 
 made out 
 e had been 
 onclu/ion ; 
 ave abun- 
 hich have 
 fteenth ar- 
 5ut having 
 ii as if the 
 execution ; 
 turned by 
 3 Iroquois 
 
 )een ad- 
 -ourt of 
 s having 
 be terri- 
 leflion i& 
 ccafion J 
 had any 
 >elle hot 
 >rts un- 
 ich evi- 
 dently 
 
 ( 313 ) 
 
 *|f "^.belong to the five nations, » dr which 
 ^ele have made over to the crown of Great 
 Jiritain or its fubjcdts : as may be proved bv 
 treaties t and ads of thegreateft audienticit/. 
 1 he title on which France infifts the moili 
 arifes from her having made ufe of this river 
 as a communication between Canada and 
 Louifiana j but in ha, fhe made no fuch ufe 
 • u "nl^^s occafionally or clandeftinely, as 
 might poffibly have happened in a country of 
 fuch extent, without being obferved j which 
 cannot however give the leaft colour of a ri»ht 
 thereto. The rivers of the Micmacs and V^a- 
 bache arethofe which have ferved, and diat only 
 Within thefe few years, as a communication 
 betw;een Canada and Louifiana , not that Great 
 BntauicanaUowthatFrance has any rieht even 
 to thefe, much lefs ftUl to a paffage fo near 
 Aer neighbourhood as that of the river Ohio 
 As to the ufe which has been made of this 
 laft river, on die occafion of the war with the 
 Chicachas, (alhes and friends of Great-Britain) 
 although Great-Britain did not complain of it 
 m a formal manner, it does not follow that a 
 violence committed in certain delicate and cri^ 
 tical moments, can ferve as a foundation to 
 new encroachments. The fame may be faid of 
 Wie ralh and inconfiderate proceedings of 
 
 * tvity where, the Engiifh alledie nothing biit tha' 
 f 1?' ?' *^ "1*^' °^ ^J^* «^e nation. * 
 
 «.e DrS!" wi" P"haps at laft, caufc thefe treaties to 
 
 §f 
 
 the 
 
i 
 
 C 314 ) 
 
 the governor of a diftant colony, who fliouH 
 forbid the Englifli to pafs the mountains of 
 Virginia, on pain of fcizing their goods, and 
 bein^ themfelvcs made prifoners. The man- 
 lier m which the court of Great-Britain has 
 claimed thefe prifoners and tlieir efftOs, has 
 been fufficiently made known by the memon 
 rial which the late Eatl of Albemarle prcfentcd 
 the 7th of March 1752 (aj to the cour- of 
 trance. What the Court of Great-Britab 
 maintained, what it iniifts upon, is, that the 
 live nations of the Iroquois acknowicdizcd by 
 France to be fubje^s of Great-Britain, ^ by 
 origin (AJ or by right of conqucft, the law- 
 ful proprietors of the river Ohio, and the 
 territory in queftioii} and as u the terri- 
 tory which has been yielded and made over 
 by this people to GrcatnBritain (which it can- 
 cot but be owned, muft be the moft juft and 
 lawful manner of making an acquiikion of 
 this fort) fhe reclaim? it as feekMigtng to her, 
 having continued coWvating it for above twen- 
 ty years paft, and having made fettlfcmcnts in 
 fcveral parts of it, from the fources even of the 
 Ohio to Pecko- Wlliams, in die center of the 
 territory fituated between die Ohb and the 
 Wabache, 
 
 • ■i«»f<* M-tj • 
 
 of FriiM^'^ memorial was never delivered to die court 
 
 Irimil!!?!; "°^ r^""'^ Something more pwife? the 
 4roquois will very foon, on account of their Win. eive 
 the Engliih an univerfal title over all America^ ' ^ 
 
 Rnf 
 
lo fliouH 
 ntaina of 
 •ods, and 
 'he man- 
 •itain hafi 
 'eds, has 
 c mcnio-v 
 prcfentcd 
 
 cour*: of 
 It-Britain 
 
 that ths 
 sdged by 
 I, are by 
 the law- 
 and the 
 w tcrri- 
 adc over 
 h it can- 
 juft and 
 iitian of 
 : to her, 
 'Ctwen- 
 tients in 
 n of the 
 T of the 
 wd the 
 
 the court 
 
 »fe? the 
 gin, give 
 
 But 
 
 n V 315 ) 
 
 A^f "^r"'"''''^^'"'''"^' ^»^h clear and evident 
 
 Swe' 'T "' ?'''''^-'-^^-> for the fake 
 oi i^cace, and in order to prefcrve a aood liar- 
 
 mony between the two crowns, lias pronofcd. 
 
 neutral ?L ^'^^^^ '".'^^"^^ ^^^^^> ''^^^^ 
 neutral and uncultivated, in the manner that it 
 
 has been already e>cpofed to thecourt of France 
 ki^A f ""r^" '^''"i ^^^^'^^ Great-Iiritain 
 
 R T I C L E IV. 
 
 T 
 
 Cincernins 'be iflands in dijputt. 
 
 Hough the court of Great-Britain can, no 
 
 ■V .^^Ti. *'^'5'''^'<=«'''«>K arguments alledeeJ 
 .n the laft memorial of the French coS- 
 lanes, with regard to his mbft Chriftian ma- 
 jefty^ .right to the ifland of St. Lucia, yet^e 
 think It unneceffary to enter at prefent into fo 
 
 ZT\-t^^ "^ *'' ^"''j'^ ^°"W r quire! 
 and whrchcan not infaft becomprifed within 
 &e bounds of an anfwer.to the la(l memorial 
 of the court of France. ' . 
 
 We were employed in preparing an ample 
 reply on this fubjeft, as alfo oTthat of the d^f! 
 pute concernmgthe iflands of St. Vincent, Do- 
 minica and Tobago : but the court of Great- 
 Britain being difpofadto enter into thedifcuffion 
 
 Q r « 
 
 %i 
 
 Qt" 
 
 1 
 
( 3i6 ; 
 
 pfthc difputcs relative to thele four iflands in 
 the courie of this negociation, is inclinable 
 to come to a reafonablc and amicable (c) 
 accommodation, in full exj^dtation of meet- 
 ing with the like difpofitions in the court of 
 r ranee. 
 
 Signed 
 
 T. Robinson. 
 
 NUMBER xm 
 
 Kc/a/ion of the battk fought by. the Jhips the 
 Alcide, commanded by M, Hocquart, and 
 the tys, commanded by M. de Lorgerie, 
 taken (a) by Mr. Bokawens fguadron com- 
 pofcd of eleven Jhips. By one of the officers 
 embarked on board the Alcide. 
 
 1 N 45 degrees 27 minutes north latitude, 
 
 and 53 degrees 49 minutes longitude weft 
 
 "■om Paris, the 7th of June, at fpc in the 
 
 (c) See in the following pi?ce the pledge of this rea- 
 lonable accommodation. 
 
 (d) There was the lefs reafon to expeft fuch an event, 
 ts the Duke de Mirepoix having had advice, in the 
 inontl^ of May 1755, that admiralBofcawen had orders 
 of an offeufive nature, meffrs. the Lord High ChanceMor 
 
 /c"^!?".' *''* ^"'^'^ ofNewcaftle, Eirl Granville 
 »nd htr 1 hpmas Robinfon, to whom this ambaflidor im' 
 parted the ^dvico which was given him, affured him 
 Hitivelj, thatitwasabfolutelyfalfe. 
 
 ?venjng,_ 
 
Hands in 
 iclinable 
 ible (c) 
 f meet- 
 court of 
 
 INSON. 
 
 ^ips the 
 irt, and 
 »orgerie, 
 'on com- 
 f ojicirs 
 
 atitudc, 
 de weft 
 in the 
 
 ' tKis rear 
 
 an event, 
 ) in the 
 ad orders 
 hanceHof 
 franville, 
 ador im- 
 ired him 
 
 ( 3'7 ) 
 evening, the fignals were made of ^fstn 
 fliips, which were perceived from the mart- 
 heads. They lay to the eaft-north-eaft, and 
 were about fix leagues diftant from us. M." 
 Hocquart made the fignal to the Lys and the 
 Dauphin Royal to crowd their fails, in order 
 to endeavour to reconnoitre this fquadron 
 before night, thinking it niight be our own, 
 from which we had been feparated for feveral 
 days ; the wind fdl at once, and the calm 
 coming on at midnight, we lay to. 
 
 The 8th, at day-break, we found ourfelves 
 to leeward of this fquadron at the diftance of 
 about three leagues ; M. Hocquart cauftd 
 the private fignals to be made j but thefe 
 veflels crowding all their fails, and making 
 no anfwer, we put up all ours j the Lys ^nd 
 the Dauphin Royal were foon a-head of us, 
 the Englifh veflels were vifibly gaining ground 
 on us. M. Hocquart gave orders to make 
 ifeady for fighting : the fquadron being now 
 wittun cannon-fliot and half, we hoifted our 
 Aag and the ftreamer, which was followed 
 by a cannon-fhot with powder. Upon this, 
 the Englifh veflels hoifted their flags and 
 ftreamers j the general fet up a red flag oa 
 his fore-top-maft. 
 
 Between ten and eleven in the morning 
 the Dunkirk, a ftiip of 60 guns, was within 
 hearing. M. Hocquart defired meflrs. de 
 Roftaing, a colonel of foot, de Rigaud, go- 
 yernp^ of the thfee rivefs in Canada, /de 
 
 il 
 
oroer to De aMe to make a renort of if H» 
 c^fed ,Uo be cried out threA^lt'^^^, 
 
 */wer wa$, "We don't iimierft»nd von" 
 
 d«i^;*f.SP^;^"edtw^e.„dve^ 
 
 j.ddod. " What MheSeof Ae Afe-:^ 
 " AdmiralBofcawen," renlie^ fh^P^iVi 
 %sM. Hocquart- " } knnw h" k ? "j?"^'- 
 
 of mine." xXwch the P" 0^^^ ' '' ' '^^"'* 
 " You fir I »kJ" Englifliman repUed. 
 
 T^?' ""7'»3')s your name?" "Hocauart " 
 
 were then within half ^^fol^ot le^LZ 
 
 ^thr^fctrorn^\t«ntt 
 
 of men. Our fe fufferp^ u ^ """^bcr 
 we hope m tiie fituation we were in i bavins- 
 
 our 
 
-our nnd 
 vei-ration 
 f it. He 
 in Enir- 
 '" The 
 d you." 
 ^chj the 
 it then 
 ind very 
 ocquart 
 miral ?•*- 
 ftman. 
 i friend 
 ■eplied, 
 quart." 
 le only 
 d the 
 5: we 
 uns of 
 !Jsand 
 ththe 
 ^by, 
 ptain, 
 mber 
 > dc«* 
 hour 
 ^hot 
 ^hicli 
 hich 
 the 
 ould 
 vine 
 our 
 
 . . . . ( 319; '"""^^■pl^\....r 
 ^ur riggings m pieces, our fails full qf Jhot, u. 
 
 ore-top-maft ready to come down, %. main: 
 malt pierced by two cannon-balls, obrward- 
 Qrni fliotintwo, our main and top-galknt- ' 
 mafts injured, pieces of cannon dil^oiA^d, 
 eighty men lying killed, wounded or maimed^ 
 on the^decks, of the number of whom were 
 four officers; meffrs. Roftaing, de I'Aubepin, 
 Monfermeil, and feveral officers wounded 
 M. Hocquart determined at laft furrender 
 himfelf to the Admiral. 
 . At two in the afternoon the Lys, hav- 
 ing been neared by the Defiance, for 
 a long time made a running fight of it 
 but the Fougueux coming up, Vwas pm 
 between two fires. This fhip could make 
 but a weak refiftance againft thefe attacks, 
 confidenng the Imall number of cannon 
 which ffie mounted; this obliged M. de Lor- 
 gerie after making all the refiftance poffible, 
 toftrike the King's flag. ^ 
 
 As to the Dauphin'' Royal, her bein? a 
 prime failer procured M. de Montalais the 
 
 atisfaaionofcarryingherintoLouifbourgwith 
 the troops with which he was entrufted. Here 
 he was informed of thetakingofourtwo (hips, 
 by which a drfcovery was made of the defigns 
 ot theEnghfh. ^ 
 
 •'m 
 
 i" I N I s.