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' rriTH An Appendix concwmg Ungitude , bjr Matter Henry Gei.iibiiand Aftronomy Reader An AduUe coocefiiing the PUIofopfaf oC tbcTc hte IHmiiiycta By if^ If; '>^-«Mwn LONDON, Ptiotd by iibix^ptff, for Ato f^m*^ w \ ^f ..^,1 * k' i Ji^ • -'i' f'.' «; BS'V y * t . , t^'^M^ •>r\*uV,' ■ t-,r r ' , 5 T fc C*-^ «? -Kf >ili :v» ,''7odmA':S ^u^M rn .^^^ttJlbcr. ' >■ J idfc/l X^ ijii'- vtur^ .^ - ^i$i r>*tf5 ia ^pfqo^c *^?i ,H^ o a 5^ c - ■taMBi|MHt<«ll giXf u i i i ijm ii fi iii ii Pi i i i i i i mm- ' ■ 'P'' ■ ''^.WM»1p» .fllJi^JlWi^ i«™*rr|im(fc m^- TQ THE KINGS MOST excellent and Saaed Mai I s t I b. « • mk^^SiJ^d^^ A T my vnskilfuU fclfc was made wHSn rH?4P choycc of for *his imploymenc, and my vndercaking in it encoura- ged by Yourgracious commando* mj^ts I mud euer account of for the sreateft honour , that eucr yet befell mee. Many a Storme, and Rocke, and Mift, and Wind, and Tydc, and Sea, and Mount of Ice , hauc I in this Dikrouery encountied ivithall ^ Many a defpaire and death had, almoft, ouer- whcimed mee ; but ftill the remembrance of the Ac compt that I was to giue of it to fo gracious a Maiefty, put mein heart agaioe; made mee not to giue way to mine owne feares,or the infirmities of humanitie. Your Majcftie in my employment C like a true Father of your Coiintrey ) intended the good of your Subjeds ; and who is not bound to bleflfe God for your Royall care in it ^ Had it, now^b^enC|roy f ortupc, to haue done my Countrey this ieruice , as to haue brought borne the newes of this iiippofed atnllec^ fougte forPaffi^l then ihould the Mercbaac haue enjoyed the fweetnefle pf the hoped profit^and tbeSubje(fl haue beene feniiblc of the benefit of your Majefties royali intentions in k. I haue done my good will in it: and thoiigh not brought hocnc that ncwes, yet (hall I here divulge thofe obier- uations s which may (I hope) become fome way bene- ^dail vfito my Countrey. The Accompt of them , I here, in all humilitie , offer vnto your moft Judicious Majcfly. Your gracious acceptance of what I had done, though I had not done what was expcftcd, cm- boldencth mctodoefo: and fincc yourMajeftie was pleafed to fignifie your defircs , of hauing a Bricfe of my Voyage prefcnted vnto you : that word became a Command vnto mee, to draw this rude Abftradldf it; Your Majeftie will plcafe to confider , That they were rough dements, which I had to doe withall ; and will, with fauour, vouchfafe to pardon , if a Sea-mans ftylc be like what he moft conuerfeth with. In the plaine- nefle therefore of well-meaning , fince your Majeftie hath beene fo gracious to mee , as to appoint mee your Seniant , I am now bound tp vow you my>|cruice ; and itihaU be my honour to be commanded it: and I fliall account no dangers too great 5 in the going thorowir, Tliefeare the refolutions of rMyM4Jeffi€s hufiAUfi Suijeff / Thomas Iam e$« > M , ■.IJW*'^*! mmmg^ ' m 'mm w ii f «■ " ■»*^-it.f'^r'\5?^ ^g^awUiT how many skirmijhes of ftormes and tempefts you haue tcmf»ti\Mc dig' paft^thislourna/lofiours dothfufficiently manifeft : Goe "o^^^*^"^' on then, and as you haue begun well , fo when any good oc- cafton is offered fecondyour good beginnings withfutable proceedings : and let not the cold entertainment you haue had in the frozen Seas freeze vf your afeSiions in vn- dertaking other worthy employments. So may you deferue, with Colun^us, Drake , and Frobuflier 5 to haue the rememi nciof youfmell fweetly in the noHrils ofpo- fteritie, when you are in the duft. Farewell, >■ • # From the Inner Temple, Thomas Nash« % THe Printer dcfurcs to \k excufed to the Courteous Under, if In an Argument of this Nature, the Coonponcer, not throughly acquainted with ccrmesof Nauigation,hatbrometiroes, which he fearccb, and in fome words osiftckea the Authors minde^asin Rowtd (x flood 8cc. promi/ing •^twcanendsf'tf Occalion prober it folfe ) by a more exa^^ Fnnprcnion. ' : FtremS* PI I •-< # m%' t, i: THE PREPARATIONS TO THE VOYAGE. Auing bin fit mawi jeeres impor- tuned , by my Henerdbleandwor^ Pit f full friends 5 to undertake the Jipoucry of that part of tie world, which is commonly called The North-weft Paflage into the South Sea •y andfo toproceedto Japan , and to round the world to the IVeJbpard'y Being frefi forward mthaU, bypgnify^ ingtomeetheearnefi dejiretbe Kings mojl excellent Ma^' ieHithady to be fdtisfied therein : 1 acquainted my much Honoured friends the Merchants of BriftoU therewith : who as euer they haue bin Benefallors andddkaficersof them thatfurfue the wayes of Honour : iogiiV^ioiththe enlargement and benefit of his MaieBiesKingdimes: did freely offer to bee as the chargeof furnijhing forth fhip. ping for thUmrpofe. K^^ndnow being thus enabled, t addrefi myjelfe to the Honourable Sir Thomas Roe, Knight (4s to a learned ^ andfurthcB empkyedtraueller * '.1. . ' ^RY iir't W i'4» dt ft.- ,. \, The Preparations to the Voyage. 6y Sea gndLandy this day in ^ngl^nd ) whoipyfully^n' fentfitbiirs dndm^e omt v^tmfary wilUn^nijfsj^ doe hisM40fties Serme i4thiskmde: wh$m0jl graei^f/ly aceefted^f the offers and encouraged mee by mmyfoHmrs in my weake vnd^akings. Wherefore with alljpeedlcon- triuedin my mindjthe left model! I cotdd^wherby I might ^^^my dejigne^ The adventurers monies were inffani- iy ready ^andfut into a Treafunrs hand: that there might be no want of prefent fay, for any thing I thought necef fary for the Voyage. I was euer of the opinion y $;bat this particular altion might be better effected by onejhipythen by two conforted: becaufe in thofe Icie Seas , fo muchfubieB to fogs , thcf might be e4fil}feparaf€dy I forbeare toj^eake offtormes am other accidents : as that a Rendezvous in dijcoueries^ camotfurely, or without m^chhin^er^nce be appointed : 0d that J^eedji^ per feuer^nce '^ ^^^ '{/^ offuch a bufinejfe. Whereforelr^plmd to ha^e hnfj/ne Ship, the Ship-bdate, mdkShallop^ K^ great Ship (as by former experience I hadfomd) ivasvnfb to b£ fore dthorow the Tee : t^horefor§Imade elfme (^ a weil^onditionedy firong Shipy of the burthen offeueme Xunm: and in Qod and that only Ship^ tjiput t^e hope of my future fortmes. .. .^^ The ship refolu^d vpon, and thai in leffe time then 18 . mixn^i^ ^r voyage could not be effeiied: I next con^ fider^^^^Uj^ Ship offeu^entk Tuns in bidke and weight mighnmifif^btpropirtiomd'yinviib^ namely ^and other necejfmfs : this was alldmeyOi C0ara£ledly a. we could: and tl^number of menit would ferue, at ordinary allow-^ once, for theforementionedtimi 5 wasfonndta he twentyt tm, afntaH number to. perfwme. Jkd 4 hftnejfe, yjet d^btt ,vt^tn j»fmm i ■» fc-t»«#^'< ^j7i*/# doe yfaumrs ^eedlcon- y I might ere might ^ht necef^ laraSiim onforted: 'igs , thc^ \ffioYmes \couerieSy minted: hufinejfe. np'bdatey dfomd) ^Imade ', burthen ipr to pit ime then textcon^ ndother ^ could: 7 allow '^ etwenty fr, ytt d^btt . The Preparations to the Vbyage. double fufjicient to ftjle the Shif, with frouidm care-' fulneUe, .^ The Baker yBrevoer^ButcheryandothefS/vndertdke their OffUes njfon their credits 5 knowing it tohi agmerdHbu- fine ffe^and their vtter vndoing if they fajUdinferfor^ mance, but truly theyprooued thetnfelues MoBers in their Arts ; and haue ^yffaifefor their hontficairt : in them confining a great fart of thtperfornkmce of the voyage. The Carpenters goe in hand with the Ship : to make herasfirongandferuiceahley aspofiiblj iH their vnder- fiandings they coidd. • ^ Euery thing being duly proportioned y and ?^ fma/t number of men knowne ; / begau to thinke of the quality andabihtietheyjhouldbeof. Voluntary loperers latfirftdifclmmedy andpublifi)ed T would haue all 'unmarried, apfroouedy able, a0d healthy Sci^men: inafewdayes an aiundam-ftui^ber prefertted themfelues; furnifhedwah generall fuffictencie inrm^ rine occafions 5 Ifirft nude choice of d BoatC-fwayne 5 andfome to workewith himyforffting theriggi^ofthi &^ : and M things mm forward, /hipf the jfuboifdteafd Ciw ; and a« things being ferfeHlj re^, 1 (hfft^phe li^d^trsrmtti^and't^ofall, the^Mttt of rtty Ship,^ andfmylkfct&iam. Thtwhokempri^T»tftfifmgtf$ iowrt, andio each other (Of by way effmiU^ititJ buo yetpriuately recommended by worthy Herd mts, for their ^ abilitie andfaithfulne(fe. I was fought to by diuers, tPit had bin in places of the chief eB command inthisaliton formerly 'y and others alfo that had tffed the Northerly fcieSeas: butlvtterly refufed them ally and would by no meanes haue any with mee that had bin in the like voy- ^ge, or aduentures, for fome priuate reafons vnnecejfary A 2 here '.^> i i II ■;l i.\ ^"^^ P 1 1' 1 ;■>' I '■1 The Pfq)arations to the Voyage. Acre to be related -^ keeping thus the f over in mj owne hands I had all the men to acknowledge immediate defendance vfon mj felfe alone 5 IfOth for direCHon and difpofingof all y as well oftheNamgation^as aU other things whatfoeuer* In the meane time , the better tofirengthen mj former fiudies inthisbuf$nejfe, Ifeeke after loumals, Plots, Difcourfes 5 or what-euer elfe might helfe my vnder^ fianding. Ifet skilfullworkemen to make me Quadrants, S taucs. Semicircles, &c. as much^ namely y as conserne the Fa^ iricke of them : not trujling to their Mechannicke hands, /^diuide them^y but had them dimded by an ingenious fraiiitioner in the MathcmaticliS. I likewifehaa Com- paile-needles made after the mojl reafonableft andtruelt nfayes that could be thought on : and by the firjl of Aprils euery thing was ready to be put together into our hopefull Ship. In the meanejpacej made a lourney vp to London, to know his Maiejlies furthei^ pleafure 'y and to make knowne to him my readineffe : who calling for the forementioned Honourable Knightyljpeedilyaperreceiued his Maiejlies Koyfall Letters ; with direifions for proceeding in myvoy-- ^e, and my difcharge : whereupon I hadfoorth the Ship into the Moae, expecting a faire winde to begin the voyage* '»<4'W>iv>t^*|ilpnMpMlliP A Voyage for the difcouering a Paflagc to the South Sea. *r jHb fccoiid otUlfdy, i^ji. I toake^j/^- ,. my leaucof the WorfliipfuII Mcr(;hanc Aduenturcrs in this Aftion, in the Citie ofBriftoU: and being accompanied with a Reuerend Diuine, one Mafter TAwkw/ Palmer , and diuers of the Merchants, with others of my kindred and natiue Countrey-men; I repaired aboord. Here Mafter ? aimer made a Sermon : exhorting vs to continue brotherly lone amongft ys, and to be bold to profefle the trae Chriftian Religk>n where-cucr we fhould happen, in this our perigrination. After they had receiued fuch entertainment, as my eftaie could afFoord them ; they departed for 'SrifloB. Thisaftemoone, I made reuiewof dl things; afwcU of clothes, and other necefl&ries, as of vi Auals ; and where there was found any want, wee were prefently fomiflied. The third of tJiiay (after Prayer for a prolperous fpccefle j. to our endkieepe off the ke ; in which labour we b£dee sdl our poles. The fixth^out twof a clocke iir the moming,wc were Befet with many extrac^rdinary great pieces of Ice, that came vpon vs, as it were with wilfiill violence : and doubtlefft had cruAicd vs to pieces, if we bad not let fill fome Sayle which the Ship^^diently felt. In fcaping that dangle, we raaagainft anothecgrKHit; piece, that we doubted whctbecoucS^ip bad notbinftav'dto pieces. But pDmpin^,.we foundlhemadeno water. Tbe&rmer pieces or ke , had ctuflied our Shdlop all to pieces;, wherefore I caufed ourlongBoate fpeedily to be had vprfioon betwixt the Decks^ and pstouenBioDrdir by he^ ei^ereof wcapine^r6GoucEedourhroken'ShiU^;and hau hetvpon'tfaerDaka^intendin^mneuibuildberr AUdbis dajr^we cud bQat,atidrwercbfiatienrix2ai»(ully, amongft thelce; icblowingavery-ftbrmei Ih dseeueningk weis werdndoTed dcsongft^xat^pteoesiaSihighasourPoope sandfomeof the Aamefbhie oomefsrof then^ diit reaehfquite vndsr vs. AH dhf&gneirpkcids (by cea&Bxtwas tfaeout^fidep^tbeker)! didmaaeai»let,aDcUbbeat vs';:tfotic WM^woi^^ dte^tipfODidd tBdtoreconeUdw o£ it ^ bnt it ^Mai^odst pijy^ ^ prefer- ^Pdjfage to tht South Sea. prcfenwtionofvs, to whom be all honour andgleiy. Inthi* extremitie , I made the men to lee (all , and make what Sayle they could ; and tRe Ship forced her fdft thcxow it t though fo'tofTed and beaten, as I thtnkeneuer Ship was. When we were clcere,we fiyed the pumps, and found her ftanch : vpon which we went inftandy to prayer, and to praife God for his mcrcifiiU deliuery of vs. The fcuenth and eighth daycs, wc indeauoured to double about Cafe Farewell ; being ftill pcftcrcd with much Ice. The ninth, we wf re in Lot. 59. 00. and wc made account the Cafe Farewell ba e of vs due Eaft , and fome ten leagues off. The Blaskes lu Ireland^ is in Lot. 52. 4. and Cafe i^are- we&mLat. 59.00. Thecourfe is Weft North-wcftj and the diflance about 41 o. leagues : I know very well thefe La- titudes, courfes and diftance , doe not exafHy agree With Ma- thematical! condufions : iHtthwxve found tthjfraUice. The variation of theCompaffcin Lat, 53. 30. and 30. les^es to the Weft ward of Ireiandy is about ^. 00. tothe Eaftward; in Lat.sy. 00. about 510. leagues. Weft No^h-weft, from the ^/w/^/jtheCompaflcdotb vary 9:^00. to the Weft-ward r in Lat. 19.15. fome 40 leagues to the Eaft- ward, of COfe FasremeU, the variation is about 14. 4>. In this courfe I hauef bin oUeruanc whether there wereany Currant that did fet to the N. E. as fome haue written there did, and that as well m Calme weadier, as other-waycs : But I could not perceiue any. The windes here are variable ; and the Sea of an vn- fearchaUe depth. Wchaue not feene from TrfAiW hitherto, any Whales or other Fifli ; The weather, for the moft part, was foggie and miftie, that wets as bad as raine. ^' ^* The tenth,all the morning, was very foule weafh^^wt ahigh-growneSeat aldx)ugh we had Ice not}£in:el5ff abodl vs, and fome pieces, as high as our Top-mafi-head. Ctir lei^ Boate^ which we weretainctoToweat Sterne (byftafon wewerebuildii^ our Shallop on our Decks) brol^away, andput vs to fomttroable to recouesher agjune. This we did^udniademeanes^tohaue her into die Ship, thoudivery machbnn&dx aoddv^IhadtwoaMstlossoiirt^aQd^ be 10. ^ s 17' A Voyage f if the difcouering be loft in the hauingof her in. By eight a clocfce this eucning, we were (hot vp as high as Cafi DefoUttan : for finding here the Land to trend away North and by Eafi, we certainly Tmcw it to be the Cufe. It (lands in L^t. 60. 00. and the Land frooi Cape Farewell to it , trends N. W. the diftance about 40. leagues. The difbmce from C^e Defilatimt, to the South end of the Hand o£ Refi/utioft, is about 140. leagues: the courfe Weft, halfea point North. The Lot. of the South end ofthelland, being di. lo.fome x a. leajgucs to the Weft- ward of Cape Defilafion, the variation is 16.00. In this courf^, we were much tormented, peftered and beaten with the Ice: many pieces being higher then our Top-maft-head. In oqi^way 9 we faw many GrampulTes amongft the Ice ; and it feemeth the Sea is full of them : The weather for the moft part, a (linking foggt ; and the Sea, very blacke : which I con- ceiue to be dccafioned by reafon of the fogge«. The fcucntecnth at night, we heard the rutt of the (hoare, as we thought: but it prooued tobetheruttagainftabanke of Ice, that lay on the (boare. It made a hollow and a hide- ous noy fe, like an ouer-fall of water : which made vs to rea* fon amongft our fehies concernine it : for we were not able to fee about vs, it being darke night, and foggte. We tlood off from it, till breake of day ; then in againe : and about 4. a docke in the momit^ wee (aw the Land aboue the fogge : which we knew to be the Ilandof RefilHtim» Thi^yinight was (b cold , that a]l our Rigging and Sayles were frozen. Wee endeauoured tocompafTe about the Southern point of the Hand: for that we were (b much peftered with the Ice, and blinded with a very thicke fogge. Hererunnes a quiclce tyde into the Strai^t ; but theebbe is as ftrong as the (kx^d; The fogge was of (iich a piercing naturc,tbat it fpoiled all our Comp^es , and made them flagge; and fo heauy wittnll, that they would not trauerfe. Wherefore I would aduife any, that (hall Sayle this way hereafter, toprouide CompalTes of MufcguUGhSzy or fome other matter, tint will endure the moifture of the weather. As the (bg^ cleered vp, we cx)uhl fee the entrance of the Strait , to be all full of Ice ckrfc W^' ■.atmivmm* iii»'i|iiw.[i|pmi MPaffagetotheS0UthSed. clofe thronged together. Indeauourins to goe (brward, wc^ were faft indofcd amongft it ; and io droue to and againe with it, finding no ground at 230. fed. 4. leagues from the (hoare. The twentieth in the morning, we had got about the Sou- theme point of the Hand ; and the windccame vp at Weft, and droue both vsand the Ice vpon the (Koare. When we were driuen within two leagues of the ftioare , we came a- mongft the moft ftrangeft whirlings of the Sea, that p^ffibly can bee conceiued ; There were diuers great pieces of Ice a- ground in 40. fed. water, and the cbbe comming out of the broken grounds of the Hand, amongft thefe lies of Ice, made fuch a diftradio that we were carryed round ifometimes clofe by the Rocks ; fometimcs clofe by thofe high pieces : that we were afeard they woulcl fall vpon vs. We were fo bea- ten likcwife with the encountering of the Ice, that \vc were in a moft defperate cftate : We made feft two great pieces of Ice to our (ides, with our Kedger and Grapnels, that drew p. or 1 o. fed. that fo they might bea-ground before vs, if fo be we were driuen on the flioare. But that defigne feyled vs: and now from the top feeing in amongft the Rocks, Ifent theBoate (for now wee had finifliedher) to fee if fliee could finde fome place of fecuririe : but (hec wasno fooner parted, butftice was inclofed, and driuen to hale vpon the Ice, or elfe ftice had beenc crufhed to pieces. They ranne her ouerthe Ice from piece to piece r and inthemcane fpace, with the whirling and incountring of the Ice, the two pieces brake away from our fides, and carryed away our Kedger and Grapnels: Then we made fignes tothc Roate, to make all the hafteftiee could to vs: which (hec perceiuing, did : the men being with much difficultie inforced to hale her oucr many pieces of Ice. In the meane fpace, we made fome Sayle; and got to that piece of Ice, that had our Grapnell on it: which wee againe recoucr^d. By this time, was our Boatc come; and We put afrcftiCme into her, and fent her to fetch our Kedger : which ftiee cndeauoured with much dan- ger of Boatc and Men. By this time, the Ship was driuen fo B neerc 3«. y ^?ii A V$)Agtfor the itfcoutring necrethcflioarc, that wc could fee the Rocks vndcrvs and about vs: andwc ftiouldbc carrycd with the whirlings of the waters , clofe by the points of Rocks, and then round a- boutbackcagaine : and all this, notwit' "ending the Saylc we had abroad; that wee cxpc^cd contii, '.ly when fliec wouldbcbcaten to pieces. Inthiscxtfemittc, I made them to open more Sayk , and to force her in amongft the Rocks and Dfoken grounds : and where there was many great pieces of Ice aground. We went oucr Rocks , that had but 12. or 13. foot water on them; andfo let fall an Anker. This An- ker had ncucr bin able towinde vp the Ship, but that, (by- good fortune) the Ship rannc againft a great piece of Ice, that was a-ground. This rufli , brake the Maync knee of her Beakc hcac^ and a comer of it : tare away 4. of our mainc Sbrouds,and an Anker that wc had at the Bowe,faftencd into it : and f o ftopt her way,that fhe did windc vp to her Anker. Wee faw the fharpe Rocks vnder vs, and about vs ; and had but 15. foot water : being alfo in the fides way , where all the Ice would driuc vpon vs : Our Boate wc couldnot fee ; which made vs doubt fliee had bin crufhed to pieces. In her, was the third part of our company : but by and by we faw her come about a point amongft the Rocks. Shcehadreco- uercd our Kcdger ; which made vs fometbing ioy foil ; With all fpecdwc laid out Hawfers to the Rocks ; and cucry one didworketothebeft of his ftrcngth , to Warp her out of this dangerous place, to the Rocks fides: where wee had 3, fed., water, and were vnder the (hdter of a great piece of Ice that was a-ground, which ihould kccpe off the Ice , that otherwife would hauc driucn vpon vs. Here wee lay very \'^ellall the ebbe j but when the flood came, wc were affaul- ted with pieces of Ice , that, euery halfe houre put vs into defpayrable diftreffe. Wc did worke continually,and extreme- ly, to keepe off the Ice. At full Sea, our great piece of Ice (which was our buckler) wasafloatc; and doe what wee could, getaway from vs , and left vs in a tnoft eminent dan- g^, by rcafon 0t the Ice that drouein vpon vs. But die dbbe bei»g once tnade^ this g££at piece of Ice came agdine aground very 4 Pdffage to the S$uth Sed. very fanoamblc to vs • and flickered vs all the reff of the cbbe. All night wc wrought hard, toftiift our Cables and Har^fers ; and to make them faft aloft on the Rocks,that the Ice might the better paffe viider them. All day, and all night, itfhovvcdhard; and blew a very ftorme at Weft; which droue in all the Ice out of theSeavponvs. In working a- gainft the violence of the Ice, the flooke of our Kedger was • broken ; two armes of our Grapnels, and two Hawfers, our Shallop being againe very much bruifed : whereupon to work wc goe on all hands to repaire it. This tyde, the Harbour was choaked full of Ice ; fo that it did feeme firme and vnmooueable : but when the cbbe was made,it did moouc. Some great pieces came a-ground; which did alter the courfc of the other Ice, and put vs on the Rocks. Here, notwithftandingall our vttermoft endeauours, flie fet- tled vpon a fliarpe Rockc; about a yardabouc the Maync Maft ; and as the water ebbed away,{hc hung after the Head, and hecld to the Offing. Wc made Cables and Hawfers aloft to her Mafts, and fo to the Rocks; ftraining them tough with our Tackles : but fliee as the water cbbeda way , funke ftill j that at length fliee was fo turned oucr, that wee could not ftand in her. Hauing now done all to the beft of our vnder- ftandings ( but to little purpofc) we went all vpon a piece of Ice andfcll to prayer; bcfeeching God to be mercifoll vnto vs. It wanted yet an houre to low-water: and the tyde did want a foot and a halfe to ebbe , to what it had ebbed the laft tyde. We were carefoH obfemers of the low-waters , and had marks by ftones and other things which we had fee vp, fo that we could not be dcceiucd. The Ship was fo tum'd o- uer, that the Portleffe of the Fore-caftell , was in the water : and we did lookc euery minute , when ftiee would ouei*-fct. Indeed at one time, the Cables gauc way; and (hee funke downe halfe a foot at that flip : but vnexpededly it began to flow, and fenfibly wee perceiued the water to rife apace ; and the Shippe withall. Then was our forrow turned to ioy, and we all fell on our knccs,praifing God for hismcrcy, in fo miraculous a ddiuerancC' ^ 5> B 2 Afloonc II «i. \tt I K I :!? i 12 ^ r^^^^^ fir the difcouemg As foonc as (lie was freed from this Rockc, wc wrought hard to get her further off. All the flood, wc were pretty quiet from the Ice: but when thcebbewas made, the Ice came alldriuing againevpon vs; which put vs to a great ex- tremity. Wc got as many pieces betwixt vs and the Rockcs, as wc could ; to fence vs from the Roc Ices. There came a ^reat piece vpon our quarter, which was aboue g oo. of my pa- ces about, but it came a-gr(>und. Thus did diucrs great pieces bcfides; which was the oi cafion, that this tydc the Harbour was quite choalct vp : fo that a man might goe any way o- uerit, fromiide to fide. VS hen it was three quarters ebbc, thefe great pieces that came a-ground, began to breake with • . amoft terrible thundering noyfe: which put vs in a great -/ feare, that thofe about vswouldbreakcvsAll to pieces. But ^ God prcferued vs. %2, This morning the water veer'd to a lower ebbe then the laft tide it had done , by two foote ; whereby we faw Gods . mercies apparent in our late extremity. That flood, wee had fomc refpit from our labours ; but after fijll fea , our hopes ebde too. The great peece that was by vs. To ft opt the Chan- nel!, that the Ice came alldriuing vpon vs; fothat now, vn- doubtedly we thought wee (houkl haue loft our Ship. To worke thereupon we goe, with axes, barrcs of iron^and any thing proper ror fuch a purpofe; to breake the corners of the Ifce, and to make way for it to driue away from vs. It pleafed God to giue good fucceflc to our labours; and we made way for fome, and fended oflf the reft; and got fo much of the fof- ter fort of the Ice betwixt vs and the Rockes, that we were in pretty fccurity. But at low-water, thofe peeces that were aground, breaking; kept aaK>ft thundering noyfe about vs. This day I went aflnore ; and built a great Beacon with ftoncs vpon the higheft |^acc of the Ilaiid; and put a Croflc vpon it; and named this Harbour, The Harhour of gods *Pramdence» In the Eucning, the Harbour was fuller of the Ice, then euer ithad beene fince we came hither: and the greater peeccf grounded , and fiopt the reft , that none went out the cb^ out the Ship lay, as if fhee had lainc in a: bed of Ice. The a Paffage to the South Sea, The three and twentieth day in the moming.with the flood, the Ice droue vp amongft the broken grounds; and with the ebbe, droue all out ("it being then very calme) except one ex- traordinary great peecc : which comnoing aground not firrc from vs , fettled it fclfc in fuch a manner , that we much feard him. But thtre came no more great Ice after him : o- therwife, we mud haue expefted as great danger, as at any time heretofore. I tooke the boate , and went aflioarc vpon the Eaftcmc fide; to fee if I could findc any place freer from danger then this vnfortunate place: where amongft the Rockes , I difcricd a likely place. From the top of the Hill where I was, I could fee the Ship. It was now almoft lowc water : at which inftant the rorcmentioned piece of Ice brake with a terrible noyfe into fourc pieces : which made me doubtfull it had not fpoyled the Ship ; it being full halfc maft high. I made what hafte I could to the boate, and k • to the Ship , to be fatisfied : where I found all well, God be thanked : for that the Ice had broken from the Ship-ward* I inftantly fent away the boate , to found the way to a Coue that I had found : which was a very dangerous pafTage for the boate. Atherrctume, we vn-moord the Ship: and with what fpccde poffible warpt away from amongft this terrible Ice. We were not a mile from them , but they brake all to pieces : and waild furely haue made vs beare them company, out that God was more mcrcifull vnco vs. We cot about the Rocks,and fo into this little Coue which I had (o newly dif* couercd. Here we made faft to the Rockes; and thought our felues in indifferent fifety : which being done, I went allioare againe, to wander vp and downe, to ke what I could difco- uer. I found it all broken Rockie grounds: and not fb much as a tree, herbe, or graffe vpon it : Some Ponds of water there were in it, which were not yet thawed, and therefore not ready f#r the fowle ; We found not in the fnow any footing of Deere, or Beares, but Foxes we faw one or two. We found where the Saluages had beene; but it was long fince. They had made fiuc hearths; and we found a few fire- brands about them $ and fome heads of Foxes > and bones of B 3 Foxes } 15 «3. ,,, I . 1 B.i:i I «1 , •; 14 A Vojiige for the difcouermg Foxes; withfomeWbale-boncs. I could not conceiue , to what purpofe they fliould come thither ; for wc coiild findc none or very little wood on the (lioares fide, and no fi(h at all; though we did dayly indcauour to take fome. But it may be, • the feafon was not yet come. Inamcdthis ConcbytheMa- ftcrsnameof my Ship, Prices Coue. The Latitude of it is ; ~ ' ^r.24. the Variation. The firebrands and chips which I fpake 6f , had beene cut w ith fome hatchet or other good in- ftrument of iron^ from the top of the hills, we could fee the Hands that are on the South fhore; and commonly called Sir ThomM Buttons lies : They did beare South and by Eaft, halfeapointEaftcrly.fome i4.or is leagues diftantvpon the change day, it flowes here fcucn a clocke and a halfe; and the tydc higheftat moft three fad. The flood comes from the Eaftwards, and thither it returnes. Ihaue beene obferuant from the top of the bills ; whence I might deftry the great .5 pieces of Ice, 2. or 3,leaguesfrom theflioarc, driue toand ^ ' againe with the* flood and ebbe indifferently. Hence Icol- leded that afluredly there is no currant fets in here, but that itisameere tyde. Neerctheflioare, the eddies whirle into twenty manners; when the cbbe is made: which is, becaufe it comes out of the broken ground amongfl: the Ice that is a- ground nrere the &oarc : Befides which reafon, there be di- uers Rockes lying vndcr water; on which you fliall haue now 30. then 13. and anon but 8. and then 20. fed. And theft vncertaintics, occafion fuch diftrai^ions. I would therefore . ' aduife none to come too ncere thofe dangcrou s flioares , for fcare hee lofe his fliip , and foby confequence all : The lafi: night, we tooke better reft then we had done in tcnne nights before. - ^ . , And this morning being the 24. there fprung vp a faire gale of wind at Eaft: and after prayer wc vnfaftencd our Ship, and came to failc, fleering betwixt great pieces of Ice , that were a-ground in 40. fad. and twice as high as our top-maft head. Wee went forth of this Coue , vpon the flood , and had none of thofe whiriings of the watcrs,as wc had at our gohig into y 4 PaJfagetotheSeuth Sea. jj into it. We indcaiioured to gaine the North flioare;kept our - fclucs within a league of the flioare of the lUmi ofRefilution, where we had fome cleere water to failc thorow. In the; Oifiag, itwasall thickethrongdtogether,asmightbepofli■. ble. By 1 2. aclocke, we wqre faft incIofcd,and notwithfbn- ^ ding it blew very hard at Eaft, yet we could make no way through it : but the hard corners of the Ice did grate vs with that violence, as I verily thought it would haue grated the plankcs from the Ships fides. Thus we continued in tor- ment, tillthe id. day, driukigtoandagaineinthclcc; not being able to fee an acreof fea from top-maft head. This 2 6. was calme Sun-fliinc weather; and we tooke the Latitude 2 ^. & Variation. The Latitude is, the Variation we founded, and had ground at 140. fad. (mall white find. Icaufed the men to lay out fome fifhing lines ; but to no purpofc : for I couW not perceiuc that baite had bcene fo much as touched. ' The nights are very cold : fo that our rigging freezes : and the frefli ponds of water fta^id vpon the Ice, aboue halfe aiji ^, . . inch thicke. The 27.there fprung vp a little gale at South-Eafl;and the ^7* Ice did fomething open. Hereupon we let fall our forefiyle, , and forced the Ship thorow the throng of Ice. in the Euen- , ing, the winde came contrary, at W. N. W. and blew hard: which caufed vs to faftcn to a great piece , to which we re- ! mained moord till the 29. ^ ^ ^g lam rcfolued, that hcreisnocurrant: and that by many *^ experiments which I haue made. Namely, by taking markes on the land 5 and noting our drift to and againe , with the , ebbeand flood, for many day es together ; as wellincalmc weather, as otherwayes. By^ll thcfe experiments I found exadly , that the tide was no ftronger there , then that ho.^ twht England mAFraptce, This mornir^, there fprung vp a fine gale at E . and the Ic(5 . %pi did open fomething, fo that we did force the Ship thorow '* itwithherfore-fiilc. By i2.aclockc, we were gotten into ibineopen water, with a fine gale of wind at Eaft, and fo deerc weather , that we could fee the Jknd of Refilmton. The l6 Mj S- •$ ; Mi' U. y 't 15' jr o/ Vojdgefor the difcouering 1 he Nortb end didbcarc of vs E. N. E. fome 1 1 Jcagues ofK From this 29. till the 5. of /»/r , wee faylcd continually thorow the Ice, with vadablc winds and fogges, and fome- , times calme. The 5. at noonc, we had a good obferuat»on,zTA were in Latitude 63.15,. and then wee faw SdUbtitj Hand, bearing W.byN. fome 7. leagues off : with much Ice be- twixt it andvs: to weather whi€h,we were driuen to ftand to the Northward. Soonc after, weiaw Prince Charles his Cape, znAmifUlland: and to the North-north-weft, ( and indeed, round about vs) the Sea moft infinitely peftered with Ice. Thi« did grieue mee very much : for whereas I had determined to profccute the difcouery to the North- weftward, I faw it was not poffible this yecrc. Wee were morcoucr driuen back againe Avith contrary windes;ftill dofed and peftered with Ice : and with all the perils and dangers, incident to luch aduentures : fo that we thought a thou(and times, that the Ship had bin beaten to pieces. By the fifteenth day of Inly, we were got betwixt ^igges lUnd and Nottinghams lland: not being able to get more Northward. There for an houre or two, we had fome open \Yater. But before I proceed further , it were not amiffein fome manner todefcribethe Straighp, which begins at the Hand of 'Refitmion, and ends here at Digges Hand, If you goe downe into the i? to an Anker. Shee brought vs word, the fhouldefl waterfhc had bcene in, was 7. fad. Wc intenditjg thcrq^n to way,. the winde came Eafteriy : fo that we could not budge x but lay here the 14. allnight, with a ftiffcgale of winde. 14.' The 1 5 . in the eucning, our Cable galded off-, by reafon of 15* which perilous and fuddcn accident, in which wee had not time to put a Buoy to it, we loft our Aidcer^ and weredriuen into 4. fad. water, before wecoirfd fet our fayles. This when^ we had done, we ftowcd South South-Eaft, the winde being at Eaft, but the water flioulded to 3 . fad. Then wee ftowed North north-eaft, and it did deepen by degrees totenfadd.- \ andbec»ifeitgrewdarkc, we came toanAnkcr, andrida good ftreffe all night. Inthemomingthei<^,thewindecamevpatNorthafre(h itfi gale: and wewayedandcametofayle. Bynineadocke, it grew to be a very ftorme : and we turned to and s^ine, iti 10. fad. water. In the eucning , the winde duld : and wee ftowed ^4. 1 8. iP. ^ . . d PaJJ'dge to the South Sed. and drank a health in the beft h'qiior wc had to Prince Charles hisHighncffe, whom God prcfcnie. Wc flood aloni^ftit; and came to a point Tvhcrc it trends to the Southward : ncerc ro which point, there ar^ two fmall Hands. In the cuening ir W2S calmc, and wc came to an Anker. The tydc fet as afore- said. There we rid all that night, and the next day ; byrca- fonthcwindc was contrary. There went a chopping fhort Sea : and the Ship did labour at it, exceedingly leaping in Spreet-fayle yard, Forccaftcll, and all : for as yet wc had not trimmed her well, to ride. About nine at night, it was very darke: and it did blow hard. Wee did percciuc by the lead the Ship did driiic, wherefore bringing the Cable tciCap- ftang, to heaue in our Cable ( for wc did thinkc we had loft our Anker ) the Anker hitcht a^ainc, and vpon the chopping of a Sea, threw the men from tneCapftang. A fmall rope in the darke , had gotten foule about the Cable , and aboftt the Matters Icgge too : but with helpe of God hec did clcerc himfelfe, though not without fore bruifing. The tv^o Mates wcrchurt; the one in the head; the other in thearme. One of our luftieft men,was ftrooken on the brcft with a bar, that he lay fprawling for life : another had his head betwixt the Cable ; and hardly cfcaped. The reft were flung, where they were fore bruifed : But our Gunner (an honeft and a diligent ntan) had his legge taken betwixt the Cable and the Cap- ftang : which wrurg ofFhis foote,and tare all the flcfti off his 'cgg^j and cmftiqd the bone to pieces, and forely withall brui- fedall his whole body: in which mifcrabk manner hce re- mained crying till we had recouered our felues , our memory and ftrengths to deere him. Whileft we were putting him and the reftdowneto the Cbirurgion; the Ship drouc into ilioaldc water; which put vs a!l in Feare : wc being fo forcIy weakened by this blow, which had hurt eight of our men. It pleafed God , that the Anker held againe : and fhec rid it out all night. By midnight, the Chirurgion had taken off the Gunners legge at the gartering place; and drcft the others that Were hurt and bruifed : after wliich we comforted each other as Well as we could. D The 2T ^l 2^. iS A Voyage for the difcouering ai. The 22. wcc wcycd; andftood a little off into deeper water; cxpcfting a better windc. Which in the aftcrnoonc fauoured vs. Wee flood in againe for the rhoaro,and alongft it wee proceeded. It is very flioald about fourc leagues off, and full of breaches. The 23 . at noonc, we were in latitude 56. 28. In the cue- ning, the winde came contrary : and we were faine totnrnc to and againe. All this moneth, the winde hath beencvery variable, and continued not long vpon one point : yet it hap- pened fo, that we can get but little forwarcf. The t6, there fprung vp a fine gale at Weft, but very thickc Weather: neucrthclcfle wceuood into 7. and d. fad. the water very thicke and puddlclifh. At noone, it clcered; and we could fee that we were imbayed in a little Bay : the land being alnfioft round about vs. We flood out of it, and *7« fo alongft it, in fight ; till the 27. in the niorning : when wc came to higher land then any wc had yet fccne, fince we came from Noninjrhsm Hand, Wc ftood '\xm it, and came to an Anker in 5 . faddome. I fent off the Boate , well man'd and . arm'd ; with order in writing what they were to doc : and a charge to rctume againe , before Sunne-fet : The euening came, and no newes of our Boatc : we (hot and made falft fires ; but had no anRvcr : which did much perplex vs,douk. ting that there had fome diftafter bcfalne her , through care- lcfneffe,andinherwc£houldlofcall. Wee aboord,at prefent, were not able to wey our Anker, nor (ayle the Ship. At lafl; wc faw a fire vpon the ftioare ; which made vs the more doubtfull, becaufe they did not anfwer our fliot,norialfe fires with the like. Wee thought withall , that it had becnc the Saluages, who did now triumph in their conqueft. At length they came, all fafe and well: andexcufed th'mfelues, in that vpon their comming aftioare, it did ebbe fo (uddenly , that a banke of fand was f b prefently dry without them , as they could not come away, till that was couered againe : and with that they pacified mee : They reported, that there was great fioreof driftwood , on the fhoarc : and a good quantitie growing on the land. That they fiiw the tracks of Deere and Bearcs: W n« H mi' |ll lt« g WHWMi- '-a^itr«»i» ■ 4 Pajfdge to the Sguth Sea. Bearcs : goodftore of Fowle; (of which they had killed fome) but no fignc of people. That they part oucr two lit- tle riucrs , and came to a third ; which they coiild not pafle : That it did fiovv very nccrc three faddomcs , fomctimes ; as appeared by the ftioare. That it was low water at fixirc a cicxkc ; that the flood came from the North-weft : and that it flowed halfetydc; which both they and wc had perceiucd by the Ship, At low watcr,wc had but three faddomc,whcrc wc did ride. The winde began to blow hard at Eaft , where- upon we weycd and ftcx)d to the Northward till midnight : Theninagaine; and in the morning wee law the land: and then it began to blow hard,and as we flood off, it increafed to averyftormc; fo that at length wee could not maintainca payre of courfes ; but trycd vnder our Maine courfc , all day ana-all night : fometime turning, her head, to the Landward : fometimc to the Offing. The 1^, in the morning , we made account wc had drouen backeagaine, fbmc i6. ori8. leagues: and in the morning (as it decred ) wee few a Ship to Leeward of vs fbmc three or fourc leagues : fo wee made fayle and bore vp with her. Shec was thenatan Anker in i^. fadd. It was hisMaicftie^ Ship, and Captaine Poxe commanded in her. I filuted him according to the manner of the Sea, and re- ceiued the like of him. So Lfiood in to fee the land , and thought to tacke about,and keepe weath r of him,and to fend my Boataboord of him : but the windc (hiftcd , fo that for that time I could not. In the euening , I came to weather of him, and fent my Boat aboord of him; who prcfcntly weigh- ed, and flood off with mec till midnight : and then wc flood inagaine. , In the morning Captaine Tgxe and his friend5?,camc aboord of mee : where T entertained them in the beft manner I could: and with fuch frefli meat as I had gotten from the flioare ; I fold him, how I had named the land. The South "Frmcifality vffvdet. I flicwed him how farre I hadbeene to the Eaft- ward ^ where I had landed ; and in briefe, I made knowne to him, all the dangers of thwCoaft, as &rrc as I hadbeene. D» / He >7 tg. / m 28 A Voyage for the dtfcouermf He told mec , how himfelfc had bcenc in Tort N elfin .- and had made but a Curforydifcouery hitherto: and that he had not becne aland ; nor had not many times feene the land. In the cuening, after I had giuen his men ^ome neceflaries, with \ Tobacco and other things which they wanted : hee departed aboord his Ship : and the next morning , ftood away South S«uth- weft : fince which time, I neuer faw him. The winde fomething f auouring mce, I ftood in for the flioare ; and fo proceeded alongft itj in fight. Thismoneth of ^^^«7? ended with Snow and Haile; the weather being as cold, as at any time I haue felt in England, Seft€mher i , We coaftcd alongft the flioare in i o. faddomes, and when ' it dccred ; in fight of land. At length the water flioalded to c 6, and 5 . fadd. and as it clcered, v(;e faw it all breaches to Lee- ward: fo wc huird off,North North-eaft,but ftill raifcd land. By night, we had much a Joe to get (afely out of this dange- : rous Bay . At midnight, the winde came vp at South, and fo we tooke in our fayles , and let the Ship driuc to the North- . ward into deeper water. This day , was the firft time , the Chirurgion told mecthat there were diuers of the men tain-^ ted with fichiefle. At noonc, wc were in latitude 55.11. 25 The fecond, we ftood in againe for the flioare ; but as we came in to ftioalc' watcr,it began to blow : the weather being •; winterly and foule ; thieatningaftorme: wherein wc were not deceiued, for that in ftanding off, wee had a violent one. : ji By midnight it broke vp ; and the third in the morning, wee f ftood in againe : and by a 1 1 . wcc f^w it. Here wee found ' the land to trend South South-eaft and South: fo thatwc knew, we were at a Cafe Land: and named it Cape Hemietts ' ^ .^ ^<«ri4: by her Maiefties name; Who had before named our Shtf>. Atnoone, wc were in latitude 55.05. and that is the height of the Cape. From Port Nelfon to this Capc,the land trends (generally} \ Eaft South-eaft,but makes with points and Baycs : which in the particulars doth alter it a point, two or three. Thcdi- fiance \^ about one hundred and thirtie leagues ; the variation atthisCapetrkcnby Arnplitude,is about fixicenc degrees. A y.HiryitK'.-K-i^^' v^ a Paffage to the South Sed. 29 A mofl fihoald and perilous coaft t in which there is not one Harbour to be found. The third day in the afternoone,we had a tearing ftormc at ?• North ; which continued till midnight, in extreme violence. The fourth in the morning (the ftorme being broke vp) ♦• we flood in againe , South-Weft. The weather was very , thicfce, and we founded continually : but by noone itcleered and we faw the land. Here it did trend South by Eaft, and the tydes did fet alongft it, with a quicke motion. In the euening, therecameagreatrowlingSeaoutof the North North-caff, ' >, and by eight a clocke, it blew very hard at So'uth-eaft, and by reafon of the incounter of the winde and this great Sea : the Sea was all in a breach ; and to make vp a perfed; tempeft, it did fo lighten, fnow, raine, and blow, all the night long, that I was neuer in the like : We fliipt many Seas ; But one moft dangerous : which rackt vs fore and aft: that I veriiy thought it had funke the Sbip:It ftrooke her with fuch a violence.! he „ j Ship did labour moft terribly in this diftradion of winde and waues : and we had much adoe to keepe all things faft in the ^ hold, and betwixt decks. The fift in the morning, the winde jfhifted South- Weft, 5. but changed not his condition ; but continued in his old anger and fury. In the afternoonc , it ftiifted againe to the North- weft, and there (howed his vttermoft malice; andinthattea- ringviolence, thatnorl, norany that were then with mee, . ener faw theSeain fuchabreach.Our Ship was fo tormented, and did fo labour ; with taking it in on both fides, and at both ends : that we were in a moft mifcrable diftrefle , in this fo ^▼aknownc a place. At eight a clocke in the euening, the ftorme brake vp : and we had fome quictneffe in the night following: not one hauing flept one winkc in 3 o. houres be- fore. If this ftorme had continued Eaftcrly,as it was ix. firft, without Gods goodneffe we had all perifhed. The fixt, the winde was at South-weft, fo that wee could tf, do no good to the Weft ward. We fpent the time therefore, in trimming of our Ship: we brought all our coales (ivhich for the moft part was great Coale) aft ; as wc alio did Ibme D 3 other 30 8. 10. o^ Voyage for the difcouering other things; andall to lighten her afore. Others didpicke our bread ; whereof there was much wet : for doe what wc could, wcfliipt abundance of water betwixt decks : which rapine into the nold ^ and into our bread-roome : for the Sea, indeed, fo continually ouer-rackt vs , that we were like lonas in the Whales belly : Wc ouer-looked our Tacks and Shoots, with other Riggings of ftrcflc : becaufe that henceforward, wewerctolookeforno other but Winter weather: This eucning our Boate-fwayne ( a painefuU man, and one that had laboured extremely thefc two or three dayes) was very ficke: fwouning away three or foure times : infomuch that wee thought verily, he would prefently haue dyed. The feuenth in the morning, the winde came vp at South- cafl, and we ftood away South-weft , vnder all the fiyle we could make. In this courfc , we (awanllandand cameclofc aboord it: and had twentie fadd.water,which was fome com- fort to vs : for hitherto, we could not come within foure or fiueleaguesof the fiioare, at that depth. This Hand ftands in 54. 10. Theafternoonc, wc ftood away South-weft, and in the euening, had the flioalding of the Weftcme fiioare, in I o. 8. and 7. fedd. but it was fo thicke, that we could not fee the land. It is about 14. leagues , betwixt this Hand and the Maine, The eight was thicke, foggie, and calme : which fo conti- nued till the ninth about fixe in the morning. The winde then comming vp at South South- weft : ( though very foggy) wc ftood to the Eaftward : keeping our lead going continually. In the euening;,the water flioalded to i o, and p. fadd : where- fore we ftood off and on, all night. The tenth we made it : finding it an liand, of about 8. or 9. leagues long. It ftands in latitude S"^. S' and about 15, leagues from the Weftcrne fhoare. The part of it, that we coafted, trends Weft North-weft : I named it my Lord We^ fiofts I/and; Wc ftood ftill away to the Eaftward : it being broken foggie weather. In the afternoone, wedifcrycdland to the Eaftward of vs : which made like three hils, or hum- iHockes:Towardsthcm wefayle; keepingourlcad ftill going: and dPajfage to the South Sea. and very drcumfpcft. At length wee alfo fiwland to the Southward of vs: whereupon weloofevp, and now make for that : by courfe as we had fet it in the thicke darke fogge. We came in amongft fuch low broken grounds, breachcs,and rockcs 5 that we knew not which way to tume vs : but God be thanked it was but little winde ; and fo we came to an An- ker; Soone after it cleercd; at which time we could fee no- thing but fands, rocks, and breaches, round about vs: that way onclyexcepcedj which we came in. I fent prefently the Boate to found amongft the flioalds and rocks : that if wee (hould be put to extremitie,we might haue feme knowledge which way to goe. This night prooued calme and faire wea- ther: and we rid quietly. The eleucnth in the morning, I went in the Boatc* aflioare my felfc : and whilft I was a land , I fent the Boate about a- mongft the broken grounds, to found. I found this IIand,vr- terly barren of all goodneffe : yea of that which I thought eafily to haue found : which was Scuruy-graffe, Sorrell, or fbmeherbe or other, to haue refrcfhed our fickc people. I could not pcrceiue that the tyde did flow here ( ordinarily) a- boue two foot.There was much drift wood on the fliore:and fomc of it droue vpvery high , on the'North fide of the I- land : whereby I judged that the ftormes were very great at North, in the W inter. Thus I returned aboord ; and fent ma- ny of our ficke meti to another part of the Hand, to fee if they themfelucs could fortunately finde any reliefe for their gricfes. At noone, by good obferuation, we were in latitude 52.45. Intheeuening,ourmen returned comfortlelfe : and then wc wey ed and flood to the Weft ward , comming to an Anker vnder another Hand, in 2 o. faddomes. The twelfth in the morning, it began to blow hard at South-caft, which was partly of the ihoare ; and the Ship be- gan to driue : it being foft oozie ground. We heaued in our Anker thereupon , and came to fayle vnder two courfcs. Whileft the moft werebufie in heauing oat of Top-fay les : fome, that fliould haue had fpeciall care of the Ship ranneher alhoare vpon the rocks : out of meere carclefncffe,in looking out 3J II. 12. jji J A Foyage for the dtfcouemg out and about or heaving of the leadc , after they had fcene - the land *l night long, and mought cuen then haue feenc it, if the^' had not becncblinded with^felfe conceit, and becne enui- oufly oppofite in opinions. The firft blow, ftrokcmcontof a dead fleepc , and I running out of my Cabbin; thought no other at firft, but I had bcene wakened (when I faw our d^n- g^r ) to prouide my felfc for another World. After I had contrould a little paffion in my fclfe , and had checkt fome bad counfcll that was giuen me, to reuenge my fdfe vpon thofc that had committed this error : I ordered what (hould be done to get off thefe Rockes and flones. Firft we halde all our faylc abacke-flayles ; but that didjio good, but make her beatc the harder. Whereupon we ftrooke all our fayles amaine ; and furdeld them vp clofe, tearing downe our ftcrne , to bring the Cable thorow the Cabbin tp Capftang : and fo laid out an Anker to hcaue her afteme. I tnadc all the water in hold t© be ftau'd : and fet fome to the pumpes to pumpe it out , and did intend to doe the like with ourBcere; Others I put to throw out all our Coales: which . was foone and readily done. We quoyld out our Cables into our long boate; all this while, the Ship beating fofearefully, that we faw fome of the ftieathing fwim by vs. Then ftood we, ts many as we cmild, to the Capftang : and heaued with fuchagoodwill, that the Cable brake, and we loft our An- ker. Out, with all {i3eede, therefore, we put another : Wee could not now perceiue whether ftiedidleakeprno* and that by reafon we were imployed in pumping out the water, which we had bulged in hold : though we much doubted , that {he had receiued her deaths woimd: wherefore we put into the Boate the Carpenters todei , a barrell of bread , a barrell of powder, fixe muskets, with fome match; and a tin- der-boxe, fifli, hookcs and lines, pitch and okum: and to be breefc, what-eucr could be thought on in fuch an extremity. All this wc fent aftioare , to prolong a miferable life for a few daycs. Wc were fiuc houres thus beating; in which time flieftrooke lOO. blowes: infomuch thit wc thought CHcryfliofce had bin the laft that it was poffiblc ihe could haue ■-^nmmmKitt*. n Pajfage to the South Sea. 3^ haue endured. The water, we could not perceinein all this time, to flowe any thing at all: at length, it pleafed God, fhe bcatoucr all the Rockes : though yet wee knew not whe- ther {he were ftanch. Whereupon , to pumping we goe on all hands, till we made the piimpes fucke : and then wcfaw how much water jChc did make inaglaffc. VVc found her - ^ to be very leakic; but wee went to prayer and gauc God ^ thankesitwasnoworfc: andfo fitted all things againe, and gotfurther ofFand came to an Anker. In the Euqning, itbe-., - gan to blow very hard at W. S. W. which if it had done whilcft we were on the Rockes, we had loft our Ship with- out any redemption. With much adoe, we w^yde our Anker, and let her driuc to theEaftward amongft the broken grounds and Rockes: the boate going before, founding. At length, wc came amongft breaches: aud the boate made fignes to vs v- r that there was no going further. Amongft the Rockes there- fore we againe came to an Anker, where we did ride all night: • and where our men which were tyred out with extreme la- bour, were indifferent well refrdlicd. Here I firft noted, thatwhenthe wind wasat *>. it flowed very little or no wa- ter at all; fothat we could not bring our Ship aground to looke to her: for we did pumpe almoft continually. The .1 3. at noone we wayed,and ftood to the Weftward : 13, but in that courfe, it was all broken grounds, flioaldes and funken Rockes : fo that we wondered with our fclues, how We came in amongft them in a thickefogge. Thcnwcfliaptc our courfe to the North-ward : and after feme confultation with my affociates, I refolued to get about this land, and fo togoedowneiiitothebottomeofH«^»J' Baye*^ and fee if I could difcouer a way into the Riucr of Camda : and if I failed of that, then to winter on the maine Land; where there is more comfort tobeexpec^led, then among Rockes or Hands. We ftood alongft thcflboare, in fight of many ^ ' bi^eaohes. When it was night, we ftood vndcr our fbre-fayle; the leade ftill going. At laft, the water (hoaldcd vpon vs, to 10. fad. and it began toblow hard. W^ tackte about , and it did deepen to 1 2.and 1 4.fad. but by and by^ic ihoalded againe E to 54 14. A Voyage J or the difcouering to 8. fad. Then we tackt about againcj and fuddenly it flioal- dedto 6. and 5, fad. fowcc ftrookcoiir fayle amaine, and chopt to an anker : rcfoluing to ride it out for life and death. We riddc all night a great ftrcffe ; fo that our bittes did rife, and we thought they would hauc beene torne to pieces. At breake of day the 1 4. we were ioyfull men: and when we could lookc about , we difcricd an Hand fome a. leagues iDff, atW. by N. and this was the flioald that lay about it. Here did runne a diftrafted, but yet a very quicke Tydc : of which we taking the opportunity,got vpour Anker, and flood N. W. to clecre our felues of this flioald. In the after- noone , the wind came vp at N. E. and we flood alongft the Eaflerne flioare in fight of a multitude of breaches. In the Euening, it began to blow a flormc not fayle-worthy; and the fca went very high, and was all in a breach. Our Ihallop, which wedidnowtoweat fterne, being moord with two bawfers , was funken : and did fpinc by her moorings, with herkeelcvp, ao. times in anhoure. This made our fliip to bull very broad; fo that the fea did continually oner-rake vs: yet we indured it, and thought to recouer her. All night, the florme continued with violence , and with fomcraine in the Hiorning : it then being very thicke weather. The water flioalded apace ; with luch an ouer-growne fea withall, that a fayle was not to be endured : and what was as ill, there was notrufting to an Anker. Now therefore began we to pre- pare our felues, how to make a good end, of a mifcrablc tor- mented life. About noone as it clcered vp, we faw two Hands vnder oar lee; whereupon wcbarevp to them : and feeing an openingbetwixt them , wc indeauoured to gee into it before night : for that there was no hope of vs,if we continued out at fca , that night. Therefore come life , come death , wc muft ruiinc this hazzard. We found it to be a good found ; where we *'idde all night fafely, and reconcred our ftrengths againe, which were much impared with contimiall lahoir. But before we could get into this good place, our fliallop broke away (being moord with 2. bawfers) and we lofl her to our great gricfe. s Thus now had we but the Ship bo«e^ and 4 Pajfage to the South Sed, r ' ardflie was alltorneand bruifcd too. This Hand was the fame that wc had formerly coafted the Wcfter fide of; and had named my Lord Weftons Hand* Here wc remained till the 19. in which time it did nothing butfnowand blow extremclya infomuchtbat wednrftnot put out boate oucr* boord. This ip. The wind fiiifted N.N.E, and wc waydc and flood to the Southward : but by noone the wind came vp at S. and fo we came to an Anker vnder another Hand, on which I went aflhoare, and named it The EayU of BrifloU Hand. The Carpenter wrought hard in repairing our boate: whilcft I wandered vp and downe on this delart Hand, I could not perceiue, that euer there had beene any Saluages on it : and in brecfe, wc could findc neither Fifli, Fowle, nor Hcarbe vpon it;fo that I returned comfortleffe aboord againe. The tydcs doc high about fome 6, Foot: now that the wind is Northerly. The flood comes from the North: and it doth flow halfe tyde ; The full feathis day, was at one a clocke. Here, feeing the windes continue fo Northerly, that wc could not get about to goe into Hudfhns Baj/e; wc confidercda- gaihewhat was beft to doc, to looke out for a wintering place. Some aduifed me to goe for Port Nelfin :. becaufe wc were certaine that therewasa Coue, where wc might bring in our Ship. Iliktenotthatcounfell; for that it is a moft pe- rilous place, and that it might be fo long ere wc could get thither, that we might be debard by the Ice. Moreouer, fee- ing it was fo cold here, as that cuery night our rigging did freeze : and that fometimes in the Morning , we did ftiouell away the fhow halfe afoote thickeoff our dcckes : and in that Latitude too : I thought it farre worfc in the other place. I refolued thereupon, to ftand againe to the Southward, there to looke for fome little Creekc or Coue for our Ship. The 21. the windecamerpatN. and we wayde: although it was avcrythickefogge, and flood away S. W. tocleere our felues of the flioalds thxt were on the point of this Hand. TTiisHand isinLat. 55. 10. When we were cleere,wcflecrd «way S, At noone the foggc turned into rainc : but very E 2 thickc 1^ 21. 3^ a^. AFo)ageforthedffcoi$ering thicke wtathcr 5 and it did thunder all the aftcmoonc : which made vs doubt a ftormc: for all which, wee aduenturedto proceed, lu the eucning, the winds increafed ; and blew hardr wherefore we tooke in all our fayles , and let hcrdriue to the Southward, heauing the lead cuery glafle. Our depth,when we tooke in our fayles, was ^o.fadd. and it did increafc to 4 J. which was a great comfort to vs in the darkc: At mid- night, our depth began fuddcniyto decreafe; andasfaft as the lead could be hcaucd, itflioaldedto 16. fadd. wherefore we chopt to an Anker and trimmtdour Ship ^//,to mount on the Sea, and fitted all things to ride it out. There was no need to bid our men watch ; not one of them put his eyes together all the night long. We rid it out well all the night : although the Sea went very loftie : and that it did blow very hard. The 21. in the morning, when we could looke about vs ; we few an Hand vnderour Lee fome league off: all being flioalds and breaches, betwixt vs and it. At noone ( with the heipe of the windward ty de ) we attempted to hauc vp our Anker: although the Sea ftill went very loftie. Toyning all our ftrengths therefore,with our beft skils ; God be thanked^ we had it vp : but before we could fct our fayles , wee were driuen into nine fadd. Indeauouring thereupon to double a ppint, to get vnder the Lee of this Hand ; the water (hoalded to 7. 6. and 5 . fadd. but when we were about , it did deepen againe and we come to an Anker in a very go^d place ; And it was very good for vs,that we did : for the windc increafed to a very ftorme. Here wee rid well all the niglit,.tookc good reft, and recouered our fpent ftrengths t^aine. Thclaft night and this morning, it did fnow and hayle , and was very cold : neuerthelcffe I tooke thcBoateand went aflioarc to looke for fome Crceke or Coue to haue in our Ship ; for (lice was very Icakyiand the company becomne fickly and weake,with much pumping and extreme labour. This Hand when wee came to the (hoare ; it was nothing but ledges of rocks, and bankesof fand : and there went a v^ry great furfe'on them. Neuerthelefle I made them rowe thorow it ; and afhoare I gotwidi two more, and made them rowe off without the breaches J A a Pajfage to the South Sta. breaches ; and there to come to an Anker and to ftay for mee : I made what fpecd I could to the top of a hill , to difcouer a- bout: but could not fee what we looked for; Thus becaufe it began to blow hard, I made hafte towards the Boatcagainc. I found that it had ebbed fo low, that the Boate could not by any meanes come necre the (hoare for mee : fo that we were fcine to wade thorow the furfe and breaches to her:in whidi, fbme tooke fuch a cold, that they did cdmplaine of it to their dying day. But now it began to blow hard, fo that we could not get but little to windward toward our Ship: for the wind was (hifted fincc we went aflioarc,& return to the flioare,we could not,by reafon of the furfe.Well: we row for Iife,they in the Ship,lct out a Buoy by a long warpe; & by Gods affi ftance we got to it:and fo haled vp to the Ship; where we were well welcom'd,& we allreioyc'd together.Tbis was a premonition to vsj to be carefull how we fent off the Boate; for that it was winter weather already. I named this Hand, Sir Thomas Roes Jland : It is full of fmall wood ; but in other benefits not ve- ry rich : and (lands in latitude 52, 10. At noone, we weyed : feeing an Hand that bare Saith South-eaft of vs, feme foure leagues off; which was the highcft land we had yet feenc in this Bay : but as we came neerc it, it fuddenly (hoaldcd to 6. 5 . and 4. fadd. Wherefore wc ftrooke our layles amaine,and chopt to an Anker ; butit was^ very foule ground, and w'hen the Ship was winded vp,we had but three fadd. at her Sterne. As it dcered , we could fee the breaches all alongft vnder our Lee : holding it fafe therefore to ftay long here ; we fettled euery thing in order, for the Ship to fall the right way. We had vp our Anker, got into deeper water ; and fl:ood ouer a- gaine for Sir Thomas Roesl/am: which by night we brought in the windeof vs ; fooje two leagues off: which did we!l fhelter vs. The tydes runne very quickc here amongft thefc flioalck; and their times of running cbbe, or flood, be very vncertaine : Their currants, are likewife fo diftra(fled,that ii the night there is no fayling by the CompafTe : wherefore we were ftine to feeke euery night fomc new place of fecuritie to vome to an Anker. E.3 Tiae 37 3 8 A V&yage for the difcouertrfg 14. The 14. in the morning,it did Iowcr,and threaten a ftorme: which made vs with the windward tydc , wey to get neercr vndcr the Hand. It was very thickc foggie weather : and as we flood to the North- eaft ward,wc came to very vncertainc depths rat one caft, 20. fadd. the next 7- then 10. 5.8. and 5. and comming to the other tacke , we were worfe then wc were before, the Currants making a foole of our beft iudge- mcnts, in the thickc fogge when we could fee no land-marks- it pleafed God, that we got cleere of them: and endeauou- red to get vndcr the Lee of the Hand. This being not able to doc, wee were fainctocomc toanAnkerin35.6dd. fome two leagues off the-flioare : All this aftemoone ( and indeed all night too ) it did fnow and hiylc : and was very cold. 15 . The a $ . wee wcyed, and thought to get to the Eaft ward : but as wee tackt to and againc , the winde fliifted fo in our tecths, that it put vs within a quarter of a mile of the very flioarc : where we chopttoan Anker and rid it out for life and death. Such miferies as thefe , we indured amongft thefe flioalds and broken grounds : or rather more defperatc then I haue related: ( very vnpleafant perchance to be read) with (how, haile, and ftormy weather,and colder then euer I felt it mEnglfmd'mmyXxf^* Our flioote- Anker was downc twice or thrice a day : which extreme paines made a great part of 30* the company fickly. All this lafted with vs, vntill the 30. of this moneth of September : which we thought would hauc put an end to our miferies : for now we were driuen amongft rocks, flioalds, ouer-falles, and breaches round about vs ; that which way to tumejwe knew not; but there ride amongft them, inextremitieof diftreffe. Allthefeperils,madeamoft . hideous and terrible noyfe, in the night feafon: and I hope it will not be accounted ridiculous, if I relate with what medi- tations I was affefted , now and then, amongft my ordinary prayers ; which I here affoord the Reader,a8 1 there conceiucd them ; in thefe few ragged and teared Rimes. Oh, '<'wmwmiv,.. a Pajfage t$ the South Sea. 39 OH, my ptx)rc foiile, why docft theu gricae to fee So many Deaths muftcr to murthcr mec ? Looke to thy fclfe, regard not mec ; for I Muft doe ( for what I came ) performe, or die. So thou may ft free thy felfe from being in A dung-hill dungeon ; A meerc finke of finne. And happily be frce'd, if thoubelccae, Truly in God through Chrift, and euer liue. Be therefore glad yet : ere thou goe from hence, For our ioynt finncs, lct*s doe fome penitence, Vnfainedly together. When we part, lie wifh the Angels loy , with all my heart. Wchaue with confidence relyde vpon A ruftie wyre, toucht with a little Stone, Incompaft round with paper, and alafle To houfe it harmelefle, nothing but a glaffe. And thought to fhun a thoufand dangers, by The blind direftion of this fenfcleffe flye. When the fierce winds (hattcr'd blacke nights afunder, Whofe pitchie clouds, fpitting forth fire and thunder , Hath fhooke the earth, and made the Ocean roarc ; And runne tohide it, in the broken (hoare : Now thou muft Steere ty fahh • a better guide, 'Twill bring thee fafe to heauen againft the tydc Of Satans malice. Now let quiet gales Of fauing grace, infpire thy zealous fayles; ^r The 40 OSloheri ^. A yoyage for the difcouering Thcfirft o^ OBdber was indifferent fairc weather; andl wiih a windward tydc, out went our Boatc, to found a chan- nell to help vs out of this perilous placcvThc Boat,within two hoiires (lice returned : and told vs, how flice had becne away where there was not Icflc then 12. fadd. Wc prefently,there- npon weycd ; but found it othcrwifc ; ana came amongft manyftrangcrsccj, and ouer-fallcs, rpon which there went a very great and breaking Sea : As we proceeded, the water {lioaldcd to 6, fadd. Well I there was no remedy, we muft goe forward: happy bcluckic; feeing there neither was any riding; and as little hope to turne any way with aftylc, but that there appeared prefent death in it. It pleafedGodfoto dire6l vs,that we got thorow it : hauing no Icfle then fiuc fc- ucrall,andallveryvncertaine depths. The water, fometimes deepened to 2o. fadd. then vpon a fudden, it (hoalded to j.6. and 5 . fad domes.: fo we ftrookc all our fayles amainc , and chopt to an Anker, where wee rid till midnight , for life and death : it blowing a mercileiTc gale of winde, and the Sea go- ing very loftie, and all in a breach. The ground was foule ground too, infomuch that wee doubted our Cable, cucry minute. The fecond in the morning was little winde : wherefore taking the opportunitie of the tyde, the Boate went forth to found : which returning againc in two hourcs , told vs how they had founded about that fhoald, and had found a place of fome fafetie to ride in ; and had beene in no leffc water then, fiue faddome. Wc wcyed; and found our Cable galled in two places : which had foone failed vs, if the foule weather had continued. We ftood the fame way , that the Boat did dired: vs : but it prooued fo calmc , that wee came to an Anker in 1 8. faddome. I tookethe Boate , and went afhoare on an I- land, that was to the Southward of vs : which I named. The Earle of Danhyes Hand : From the higheft place in it,I could fee it all broken grounds and (hoalds, to the Southward : and rather worfe, then any thing better, then that which we had beene in. I found that the Saluagcs had beene vpon it : and that it was full of wood. I made hafte to the Boate to found the y dPaJfage to the South Sea. 41 the Bay e for fctre of (hoalds and (unkcn Rocket : but found it indifferent good. Toward the Euening, it bianco blow hard : wherefore wc made towards the Ship. She put forth a Buoy and a^^arpe; and we rawing fotli^ to rccoucrl^r, were put to Lec-ward of her : but oy getting hold of the warpe»we haldc vp to her.The boate we lefi balfe full of wa- ter : our felues being as wet a» drown'd rats ; and it made vs the more rcioyce, that wc had efcaptthis great dmger. AS night, wc had a very hardrode«((eede: it blowing fioiQi^ violent gale of windf with fnow andhailf. ."" The third about noone , the wind duld ; smd wc had vp V our Anker, (landing in further into the Baye into foure fii, and a halfe water. Here we came againe to fd^ Apker , vifijdi our fecond Anker : for many of ommeq are now fickc; Hi the red fo weakened , that we can har(% way our fliQote- Anchor; I tooke the Boatc, and went prefently aflioare to fee whatcomfort I could find; This was thoficft time,,diatlpuc foote on this Hand ; whi n w;is tb^ fame that wc did artec winter vpon. Ifanid the tracks of Deere, and iawC^oic Fowie ; but that that did rcioyce me moft^ was^ that I did fee an openins into the Land, asifithadb^cneariucr. Toit we make withall fpccde , buf found it to \k ^*d i aqd not t . foote water at (uH fea on the Barre ; at^ yet within , ^ moft excellent fine Hadxxir , hauing 4* &di» wat^er. in the Euening Ireuirn'd aboojrd, bringing little cpmfprt fpt ovu: ficke men, more tbenhopes, ^ The 4. it did fnow and blow very hardly et I got afhoarc, 4^ ^nd appointed the boate.to goe to ^^nother {d^ce,(whi^h made like a Riucr) and to found it. In the m^e time^l went with foure more, fome 4. or 5. miles vp iptp the Coqntrcy ; but could findno releefeiill that way for oqrfi^ke,butafew Ber- ries oncly . After wc had well wearied our.edceid)oae 1 1. ihSe: and that they had feene 9.or i o. more: The laflnight, they had a vcryciold lodging in the woods j and fi> zt4ppeKd> for they looktdl ahndl (hnied, nor could - they rccooer lihettifdaes^irt }• or 4^^^ (igneof SRlvages^noroi anyrauening wild beads, not yeta-^ nyhopeof hatA»5ur. tj. The 17. my Licutei«ntand5.inore,defiredthcy might try their foitanes ih traiiellingabout the Hand. But they had \ farre WOC& luckcthen dieothers, althoughthey endaredout all night , andhad wandered very farrc in the fnowC which was^owvciydeepe) and returned comfortleiTe and mi{era- ' blydifabied with the coldneffe. But what was worfe then aD '* tms^ they had loft one of their cottipahy^/tfivii^^ ly our Gunners ante; who beingvcry weary, meerly to (auc the going about , had attempted to goe ouer a pond that was a quarter of a mile over ; where when he \yas h the very middeft, thel^e brake andclofed vponhim, andwencucf &w him ilbr^ C^nfidering thefe difafters, I refolaed to fi^ \, no more Widi a golden hboke: for feare^ I wcakned my felfe more with one hunting, then ao. (iich dcare Deeres coulddoemegood. Being now allured, that there was no - SalvagesvpontheHand, noryetaboutvsontheotherllands: nonoronthemaine neither, as firrc aswecoulddifcouer, • r i ( which we further proued by making of fires) andthatthe coldieafbnwasnow inthat extremity, that they could not come to vs, if there were any : we comforted and refreflied , j.i ourielues , by ileeping themore feaircly. We changed our Hand |ani(bn , eucry wceke ; and for other refreflimg wc were like to haue none tfl! the Spring. ) . From this 10. tothe ^9. kdid (bfhttfrimf) fiiowand bk) w fo hard , that the boate couldThaidly adufrntnre aflioare, and but feldome land, vnleflc the men did wade in the thkke congealed water, carryingx)nc.^notbcr; We did fenfibly per- ceiue cciuc witWl , how wee did daily finfce into ok re miferief. The land Was all deepe couered with fnow;.the coM did tnultipf y \ and thd tbidce (how water did iooiRiie i and what would become of vs, ourmofttnercifiiU Godandpreferuer knewonely. The 19.1 obTcrued an Ec&ffe 6f the Moooe^wirfi what care 39, poffiUy I could both inthetryall of die exauflfaoefleof oar infiiuments, a$al(bintheobfeniatioii: IrdFerre yoatotbe obferuation in the latter end of this ReUitiM t wbeit it is at large dcfcribed. This moneth of O^^^^tndcd withfiiow and bitter coWwc«hcr. ,x h\ Thefirflof November I cafl vp accounts with iltit^ttvf^N^venAeri, ard concernif^ our viifhiall : the third part of our time beir^ this day out. Ifojond him anfaonefl: man: for hegaueme an account euery weeke what was {pent ; and what was fiill in the hoklremaining vnder his hand : I would take no ex- cufeof leakage or otherivaflie; vnleflehe did daily Chow it me. Euery month, I made anew fumey ; and euenr fixe moneths , put what we bad fpared, by it felfe : whi^ now was at leaft a monethsprouifion of Bread; and afortnights of PcafeiandFi^i &c. Thej«day tfaeboateindeauouredtoget afboare^bdtcoukl j. not fet thorow the thicke congealed water; The 4. they foimd a place to get afhoare ; and (b once in ^, s . or ; . dayes, till the 9. bringing Beere to our men a(hoare in a barrel!, which Wouk) freeze iirmely in the feKXtft in one night. Other prouifion they had ftorc. The Ice Beere being tmw'din akettdl, was notgoed: and they did hreake the. ^ Ice of the pondcs of water, to come by watei* todrinke. - This pond- water bad a moft lothfome fmell with it : ib that doubting leil it might be inf edlious , I caufed a WeU to be (unkc ncere the houie. There we had very good water: which did tafie (as we flattered our felues with it) euen like s milkc. The 10. (hauing ftoreofboordesfor (achapurpofe) Iput 10. . the Carpenter to worke, tomakevsalittleboatewhidiwe might carry (if occalion were) ouer the Ice and siake vie of F 3 her. 12. 'tk 45 A r0Jdge for the difcouer'wg her, where there was water- At noone I toojcc the Latitude of this Hand , h^ * . Quadr^mf : which I found to be 5 2 . op. I vrged the men to make traps to catch Foxes : for wc did daily fee many. Some of them were pied , blackc and white : whereby I gathered that there was fome Wacke . , V- Foxes ; wbofe skinncs , I told them, were of a great value : and I *promifed, that whofoeuer could take one of them, fliould haue the skinnc for his reward : Hereupon, they made diuers traps: and waded in the (Iiow (which was very decpe j to place them in the woods. The 1 2. our houfc tooke a fire , but we foone quench, I it : We were feine co kcepe at extraordinary fire, night and day I and this accident , made mcordera watch to looke to it continually : feeing , t'* t if our houfe and clothing fliouId be burnt, thatalhwc wt,c but in a wpefull condition. liay aflioare, till the 1 7. all which time, our miferics did increaie. It did fnowand freeze moft extremely. At which time, we lookiii^^ from the /hoare towards the Ship , flie did looke like a piece of Ice , in the fafliion of a Ship : or a Ship rc- fembling a piece of Ice. The fnow was all frozen about her; and all her fore-part firme Ice : and fo was (he on both fides alfo. Our Cables froze in the ha wfe, wondcrfull to behold. I got me aboord ; where the long nights I fpcnt , with tor- menting cogitations : and i 1 the day time , I could not fee any hope of fauing the Ship. This I was affiired of, that it was moft ioipofllblc to endure thefe extremities long.. Eue- ■,_] ry day the men muft beatc the \c^ a Pajfage to the South Sea. The a 2 . in the morning he dyed. An honcft and a ftrong- hearted man. Hcchad a clofc-boordcd Cabbin in theGun- roome ) which was very clofe indeed : and as many clothes on him, as was conucnicnt ( for we want^ noclothes:)and apanne with coalcs, a fire continually in his Cabbin. For all which warmth , his play fter would freeze at his wound, and his bottle of Sacke at his head. We committed him at a good diftancc from the Ship vnto the Sea. The three and twentieth, the Ice did increafe cxtraordina- rily: and the fliow lay on the water in flakes, as It did fall, much Ice witRall droue by vs s yet nothing hard all this while. In the euening after the watch was fct , a great piece came athwart our havvfe; and foure more followed after him: tlaelcaft of thctn a quarter of a mile broad: which in the darke did very much aftonifli vs, thinking it would haue car- ried vs out of the Harbour , vpon the fliojdds Eafter point, which was full of rocks. It was newly congealed, a matter of two inches thicke : and wee broke thorow it , the Cable and Anker induring an incredible ftreffe, fometimes flopping the whole Ice. We fhot off three Mu3kets,%iifying to our menaflioarejthatwewereindiftrcflc: who anfwercd vs a- gaine, but could not helpe vs. By ten a clockc, it was all paft; neuertheleffe wecwatcncd carefiilly : and the weather was warmer then wee had felt it any time this moneth. In the momingatbreakeof day, Ifent for our men aboord, who made vp the houfe, andarriued by lo. being driaen by the way, to wade thorow the congealed water ; lo that they re- couercdtothe Boatc, with difficultie. There droue by the Ship many pieces of Ice, though not fo large as the former, yet much thicker : One piece came foulc of the Cable , and made the Ship driue. As foone as we were cleere of it, we ioyned our ftrengths together, and had vp our Eaftermoft Anker : and now I re- folucd to bring the Ship aground : for no Cables nor Ankers could holdher : But I will here fhow you the reafons, why I brough her no fooner agipund. Firft, it was all flony ground: fome ftones ly ii^ dry, tlircc or foure foot abouc water : fo that 47 12. »J. mil 48 4 yoyage for the difiouering thatitwastpbefurpc-v Thetwen^fiaenth , ^Ae Bay continued ftdl of Ice, which I hoped would ibcontimie and freeze,, that we flioukl not be putto (inke our Ship. This day we could land nothing. fc The twenty eighth, atbroJccof day, three of our men wentaflioare ouar the Ice, vnknownc to mtt : and the windccomming vpat Weft , droac the Ice from betwixt vsanddsefhcare, tndmoft part out of tfacBjnr alfo; And yetnotibs thactheBo^ could goe afhoare (oranythingi I made die Carpenter fit a ^e againft all fudden extremi- ties : for diat with the firft North-Weft, or nortberiy wild, Iment ^ dk& our laft prbied^. Intherunne of ^, on die fiarboQid fide; hecutawa^thciealir^and^pteiketD t hcftw ad tt ng^ fimfboieor^mieincbesfqBare; fo^ footc 4 Pdjfage t$ the South Se4. ^te high &otn the keele of her, that fo it might be boared out, at an inftant. We brought our bread which waste- '. inayninsintheBread-roome, vpiiito the great Cabbiti; and likewiie all our powder i fetdng much of our light dry thills betwixt deckes. The nine and twentieth atfiuc aClockcin the Morning, the w inde camf vp at W eft North- W eft, and began to blow very hard. It was ordinary for the wind to fliin from the Weft by the North, round about. So firft I orderd the Cooper to gocdowne in hold, andlooketo all our Caske: thofe that were full, tomawlein the bungs of them: thofc that were empty, to get vp, or if they could not be gotten vp,toflauetncm.Thcnto quoile all our Cables vpon our lower tyre.* and to lay on our fpare Ankers, and any thing that was weighty, tokeepeitdowne fromrifing. By fcuen aClocke, itblewaftormeat North- Weft, our bitter ene- my. The Ship was already bedded fometwofootein the fand, and uhilftthat was a flowing, (hec muftbeate. This Ibcforehadinmyconfideration; fori thought ftie was fo ftrredriuenvp, thatwefhouldnenerget her off. Yet wc had bin fo ferrited by her laft beating, mat I refolued to finke herrightdowne, rather then mnne that hazzard. By nine a clokc, flic began to rowle in her docke, witha moft extra- ordinary great Sea that was come ; which I found to be occa- fioned by the formentioned ouerialK And this was the fatall houre, that put vs to our wits end. Wherefore I went downe in hold with the Carpenter, and tookc his auger and board a hole in the Ship, and let in the water. Thus with all fpeed, we began to cutout other places, toboarc thorow, but euery place was fuUofnailes. By tennc, notwithttan- din^ the lower tyre was coucred with water,for all whichj, fli«)eganfotobcateinherdocke, more and oMire: that we could not workc, nor ftandto doe any thing in her. Nor would flie finke fofaft as we would haue her; butcontinucd beating doiJblc blowes; firft abaft, and then before, that it w%s wondcrfiiU, how flic could indurca quarter of an Iiourc with it. Py twdttc a docke, her lower Tyre rofc; and that G ft did n *p- J2 fi A Voyage for the dtfcouering did (o countcr-bcate on the infidcthat it beat the bulke heads of theBrcad-roomc, powdar-roome, and fore piece, all to pieces: and when it came betwixt decker, the chcfts fled wildly about: and the waterdidflaftandflie woj i^rfiilly : fo that now we cxpcftcd eucry minute,when the S^'^* would open and brcalce to pieces. Atoneaclockcfhcc beatofF her Rudder : and that was gone, we knew not which way. Thus fliec continued beating, till three a docke: and then the Sea camevponthcvppcrdeckc: and foone after, (hee began to fettle. In her, wee were (aine tofinkcthcmoftpartof our bedding and clothes : and the Chirurgions Cheft with the reft. Our nnen that were aflioarc, flood looking ypon vs : al- moft dead with cold,and forrowcs to fee our mifery and their ownc. We lookt vpon them againc : and both vpon each o- ther with wocfoll hearts., Darke night drew on ; and I bade the Boatetobe baled vp; and commanded my louing com- panions to goe all into her; who ( in fomerefiifing comple- ments) expreflcd their faithfiillafFcftions tomee; ask)thto part from me. I told them, that my meaniiig was togoca- flioare with them. And thus,!aftly, I forfooke the Ship. We were feuenteene poorc foules, now in the Boate : and we now imagined that Vfe ynrt Uapt out of\the Frying p^ into the fire: Thccbbewas made; and the water extraordinary thicke congealed, with fnow: fothat we thought afTuredly, it would carry vs away into the Sea. We thereupon double- tnand fbure oares : appointing foure more to (it ready with oares : and fo with thchclpc of God we got to the fhoarc ; halins vpthe Boateafter vs. One thing was moft flrangc,in this thickc water: namely. That there went a great fwclling Sea. Being arriued vpon theland,wcgreeted our feflowes the beil we could : at which time they could not know v^ nor we them by our habits nor voyces: (b frozen all ouerwee were, fac6s, haire, and apparcll. And here I meanetotake breath awhile, after all this long and vnplea(ant Relation of ourmiierableendeauours: Crauingkauefirftof alltaQKake a word or two in general!. ^ The winds^finccwc came hitbcr» huicbeene very variable M^-' .. and fwmm".^ ' ^P^lpigifothe South Sea. atidvnconftant : and till within this fortnight, tbeSouth'!rIy windc was the coldeft. The rcafon I concciuc to be , for ttat it did blow from the Maine land; which wasallcouercd with fnow : and for that the North winds came out of the great Bay which hitherto was open. Addc to that ; we were now vnder a South Banke which did/hcltervs : fo that we were not fo fcnfible of it. A North- weft , a Noith-weft by North , and a North* North- weft winde (if it blew a ftorme) would raife the. Tydes extraordinarily : and in briefe, from the Weft North- \ weft, to the North North-caft; would raife the tydes in pro- portion^ as they did blow from the middle point 2 The wind being on the oppofite points ( if it blew) it would flow vc- ' ry little at all Iheharacrit blew, the lelfe water it would flow. If it were little winde, or calme ; it would flow indit ferently. The tydes doe high ordinarily (without being for- ^ ced) about three foot: but being forced with the foremen- ' tioned winds; vpwardof tenfoot. Icouldpcrceiuenodii^ ference betwixt Neapc and fpring tydes : It flowes halfc tyde: that is; the flood comes from me Northward; and thither retimiesagune, two houres before it be high water: and it is commonly lb fecne, in moft 2?<9« or /«/iff/. Si «f ii* -\ 'ti-'« : 1.M rr' *i f - rf. ' '4^H.'^ 1 ^ 1 u 1*?f '"^ . V '•*?» ^ ^, G, The 5+ 1 I ^ • <• \« The Winterings ; I Fterwc had haled vp the Boate, we went alongft the bicach (ide in the darke, towards our houfe^ where wc made a good fire , and with ic , and bread and water, wee thawde and g elfe that was liquid, was now frozen as hard as a piece of wood, and we muft cut it with a hatcher. Our houfe was all frozen on the infide, and it froze hard within a yard of the fires Mc, .When I land«d firfi vpon this Hand , I found a fpring vnder a hils fide : which I then obferuing , had caufed fome trees to be cut for markes to know the place againe by.- It was about three quarters of a mile from our houS. I fent ;,ofour men which hadbeenc formerly with me, thither vponthe 24. Theft wading thorow the fnow, at laft found the place, and ftioueling away the fnow , they made way to the r The winterings the very head of it. They found it fpring very ftrongly : and brought me a Caii of it, for which I was right ioy full. This fpring continued alhhe yecrc; and did not freeze t but chat we could breake the Ice and come to it. We labor'd very hard, thefc three or foure day es, togctwood tothehouie, which we found to be very troublcfome, through the deepc fiiow. Wee then fctded our bedding and prouifions , pro- viding to keepc C^ny^wwy day holy: which wefolcmnizcd in the ioyfiiUcft manner we cotdd : So likewifc (Md we Saint lohmdayx vpon which we named the wood we did winter in, in memory of that Honourable- Knight Sir lohn Winter , Winters Tarrefl, And now in ftead of a C/;n/«j4;f Tl^/i?, I wifl here defcribe the houfc that we did Hue in, withthofc ad- ioyning. '(. When I firft refolued to build a houfe,T chofe the moft war- med and conuenicnteft place and the ncereft the Ship withall. It was amongft a tuft of thicke trees , vnder a South banke ; about a flight-fliot from the Scis fide. True it is, that at that time we could not digge imto the ground, to make vs a Hole or Caue in the{earth,(which had been the bcft way)becaufc we found water within 2. foote digging : and therefore that proiedfaird. Itwasawhitclightfand; fo that wc could by no meancs make vp a mud-wail. As for ftoncs, there were none ncere vs : which, moreouer, were all now couercd with the fnow. We had no boords for fiich a purpofe; and there- fore, we muft doc the bcft we could, with (iich materials as wc had about vs. # ' The hoafe was fquare ; about 20. foote eucry way : as muchnamely , as our mAyne-Comfe could wellcouer: firft \ve droue ftrong ftakes into the earth, round about : which we. wartelcd with baighes , as thicke as might be , beating them downe very clcfc. This our firft workc was ^vnt foote high on both iidcs, butatthecnds,almoftvptQ the very top. There wc left 2. holes, for the light to come in at : and the fame way the findcc did vent out alfo. Moreouer, Icaufed at both ends i three rowesofthkkcbuflTi trees: tobcftuckc - H 2 \9 .">■/; » r— ■^mi 6o - TheWinterin^g. vp,as dofe together as monght be pofSbl y . Then at a diftance from the houO» , wc cut downe trees : proportioning them into lengths of fixefootc; with which we nrjade a pile on both fi^cs, fixe footc thicke, and fixe foote high : but at both ends, tenne footc high, and C\xz foote th icke : Vc left a little low doorc to creepe into ; and a portall before that, made with piles of wood , that the wind might not blow into it. We next of all faftned a rough tree aloft ouer all : vpon which we laid our rafters ; and our Maync Courfc o- ucr thofeagaine : which lying thwart-wayes ouer all , did reach downe to the very ground, onv*ither fide. And this was the Fabricke of the out- fide of it. On the infide, wc * , made fafl: our bonnet faylcs , round aboiit. Then we drouc , in ftakes and made vs bed-ftead frames ; about three fides of the houfe : which bed-ftcads were double , one vncicr an- "^ other : the lower-moft, being a footc from the ground: Thefe , we firft fild with bougnes , then we layd fome fpare , fayles on that, and then our beddingand dothes. We made a Hearth or Caufie in the middle of the houfe, and on it, made our fire: iome boords wee layd round about our Hearth, to ftand vpon : that the coW dampe (hould not ftrike vp into vs. With our Waft-cbthes , we made vs Ca^ nopies and Gurtaincs : others did the like with our fmall " , . fayles. Our fecond houfe was not paft 20. foote diftant from this, and made for the watteling much after the fame-manner, but it was lefle , and couered with our fore-Courfc : ~ It had no pylc&on the South fide : but in liew of tliat,. wc pildc vpall ourChefts, on the infid^: and indeed the reflexcof the heate of the fire againft them , did make it warmer then the ManPon houfe. Inthishonfe, we dreft our vidhiall : and the fubordinate cruc didrefre/h thcmfclues all day in it. A third houfe , ( which was our ftore-houfe ) we likewifc made , fome twenty paces off from this ; for feare of firing. This houfe vyas ondyarough treefaftenedalofc: with raf- ters layd from it to the ground , andcouered ouer with our new fuiteof failes. On the infide, we had laid fmall trees, and coucrcd them jouer with boughes ; and Ig ftor'd tp our > 4 - il Bread, -f TheWinterifig; Bread , and Fifti in it ; about two footc from the grouiid : the better to prefeme them. Other things lay more carc- leffely. Long before C^i/?«i^, ourmanfion houfe was coucred thicke ouer with Snow.almoft to the very roofe of it. And folikcwife was our lecond houfe: but ourStbre-houfe, ail byreafon wennadeno fire in it. Thus we feemed to ouer liueinaheape, andjWiidcrneffeof Sflow; forth adores we could not ga,but vpon the fcK>wtin which we made vs paths^^ middle deepe infome places : and in one fpeciall place, the length of tenne fteps. To doe thi?, we muft fliouell away the Snow firft ; and then by trcadding, make it fomcthing bard vnderfoote : The Snow in this path, was a full yard thicke vnder vs. And this wac our beft gallery for the ficke* men : and for mine ownc ordinary walking. And both honfes and walkes, we did daily accommodate more and more, and make fitter for our vfes. The twenfty fcucnth, we got our Boatfeaflibre : and fetcht vp fome of our prouifions from the beach fide into the Store-houfc : and (o by degrees did we with thereft of our prouifions : with extremity of cold and labour, making way with (houels thorow the deepe Snow ; euen from the Se*- fide vnto our Store-houfe. And thus concluded we the old yecrc. i^gii urf vcrji . ■■: .mi , «iJe-^ #> January^ i 6%2. i; \V^ R rUitf /» The firft of Iamary{d!cA for thempft part all the monedi) was extreme cold. •'- -i 1^ ** [ f / ' o ' '^v- tr^^(^ The fixth, I obferued the latitude, with what exadneffe Icould fit being very dcere Sun-ftiine weather) which I found to be ^ 1 . 5 1. This difference, is by rcafon that here is a great /?^/i^w »Uii\ v'; The one andtwentieth, lohftrned the Sunheto rife like zwOmlly alongfttheH(?r/*o»: Icaldtbree or fourc to fee it^ the better to confirme my ludgement-. and we all agreed, diatitwastwiceaslong^itwas broad- ^ We plaioely per* . ij H 3 ceiucd 6i .t : ^ ? "i 17; II. l! 62 '^he Wintmng. cciued witball, that by degrees as it gate vp higher, it alfo- fcccuercdihttroundneflc. • 2 f Hands and dry fands) is for the mofi pait low and flat, and hath flat flioalds adioy- ningtoit, halfearnileoramile, that are dry at low water. Ncnyyouaiwftlcnow, thatit flowcs halfetyde fas Ihaue often experienced^ that is,from whence the flood commeth, ^j^ tlie water thither rctumcth> two houres before it be high water, or fufl Sea. 'ft (eldome raines, after the middle of Sefttmber : but (boweiV: ^ndtliat Snow will not melt on the Land nor Sands ; At low water when it fnowes { which it .3^ doth very often) the lands are all «>uered ouer with it; which the halfe tyde carries oflScioufly ( twice in twcntie ftairc hoiares )intodie great Bay, which is the common Ren- dezvous of it.Eaery low water,are the fands left clecre^toga- h my tncr Tht Wintering, ther more to the increafc of it. Thus doth k daily gather to- gether in this manncr^iH the latter end of OEtoher, ^ by that time hath it brought the Sea to that coldneffe, that as it fnows , the fnow w*.] lye vpon the water in flakes without changing his colour; but with the windcis wrought toge- ther; and as the winter goes forward, it begins to freeze on the furfacc of it , two or three inches or more in one night : which being carried with the halfc tyde , meets with fomc obftacle, (a? it foone doth) and then it craniples and fo runnes vpon it fclfc, that in a few houres it will be fiiie or Cixz footc thieke. The halfe tydc ftill flowing , carries it fo faft away, that by December it is growne to anirifinite multiplication of Ice. And thus by this ftoring of it vp ; the cold gets the pre-, domination in the Sea ( which alfo furniihcth the Springs and water, in the low flat lands ) that it codes it like it felfc. This may appearc by our experience, though in all this, I free- ly fubmit my fclfe vnto the batter learned. Our men found it more mortifying cold tolvade thorow the water jbthe be- girding of Ittne when the Sea was all full of Ice ; then in December y when it Was incrcafing. Oiar Well, nioreouer,out of which we had water in December j we had none vuMy, The ground at ten foote deepe, was frozen. The quantitic of the Ice, may very eafily be made to appeare, by Mnthem^ tkallDemonflration : and yet I am.not of the opinion , that the Bay doth freeze all oucr. For the one and twentieth, the winde blowing a ftorme at North, we cou'id perceiue the Ice to rife fonietbing in the 'Bay. ^3 •ftfi- February J 1 03 a, ? » ■ ^ ! ? ' 'T The cold was as extreme this tno»"eth , as at any time we hadfeltitthisyeere: and mmyof ourmcn complained ^f. infirmities. Some, of fore raouthes ; aU the teeth in their heads ^-mgloofc, their gumsfwdnc, withblacke rotten ff : I J which muft euery day be cutaway. The paine was fo fore on them , that they could not eatethcir ordinary meat. Others complained of paine in their heads , and thek bre{b^: Some of Weakeneffe in thek backs j Others of aches in thek ^ thighs ll M ll '.I .ill t 64 Tfre Wimerin^^. thighs and kiiccs : and others , of 1 Wellings in their Icg^s, Thus were two thirds of the company , vndcr the Chirargi- ons hand. Andyit neuertheleffc, they muft worke daily ; and goe abroad tg fetch wood,and timber ; not withftanding the moft of the had no iKoocs to put on.Their fliooeSjVpon their comming to the fire, out of the fnow, were bumtand fcorcht vpon their>fete5 TheWinterin^. day and the 2. following Holy-daycs were extreme cold : And now fitting all about the fire , we rcafoncd and confide- red together vpon our eftatc; We had 5. men f whereof the Carpenter was one: ) not able to doe any thing. The Boatc- fvvaync and many more , were very infirme : and of all the reft, wc had but 5. that could cate of their ordinary allow- ance. The time and feafbn of the yeerc came forwards apace: and rhe cold did very little mitigate. Our Pinnace was in an indiflferent forwardncffe: but the Carpenter grew worfe and worfe : The Ship (as we then thought j lay all full of folid ' Ice : which was weight enough to open the feames of any new and found vcfTclI : efpecially of one that had fayne Co long vpon the ground as (he had done. In briefc , after ma- ny difputations, and laying open of oar miferable and hope- lefleeftates, Irefoluedvponthis courfe: that not witlifun- ding it was more labour , and though wc declined, weaker ftili and weaker : yet that with the firft warme weather, wq would begin tocleerethe Ship: that fo wc might haue the time before vs , to thinke of fome other courfe. This being ordered , we lookt to thofe tooles we had , to di^c the Ice outof her: we had but 2. Iron barres afiioarc: the reft were funke in the Ship : and one of them was broken too. Weill we fell to fitting of thofe barres, and of 4, broken fliouclsthatwehad: with which we intended (as after we didj to digge the Ice out of her : and to lay that Ice on a heape, vpon the Lar-boord bowc, andtofinkedowne that Ice to the ground (b fafl , that it (hould be a Barrindoe to vs, when the Ice brake vp j whkh wc feared would teare Ts all to pieces. The 6. was the Seeped fnow we had all this ycere t which fildvp all our pathes and way es, by which we werevfed togoe vnto the wood: Thisfnow was fomcthing moyftcr andgreater,then any we had had all this yeere: for formerly it was as dry as duft ; and as fmall as (and, and would driue like duft with the windc. r The weather continued 5^ith this extremitie, vntiH the I5.at which time our fpring ws^ hsuxler frozen, thcnithad '•'" ^ bcenc li .' _ TheWintering. 6$ becnc all the yccrc before. I had often obfcnied the diffcToice betwixt dccre weather and miftie Refranimt weather : in this manner. From a little hill which was neere adioyning to ourhoufc; in the clcercft weather, when the Sunnc (hone with all thcpuritie of ayre, that I could conceiuc : we could not fee a litUt liand; which bare off vs South Soath-eaft,(bmc fourc leagues off : but if the weather were miftie ( as afore- faidj then we fliould often fee it, from the loweft place. This little Hand Ihad feenc the laft yeerc , when I was or. Danlfy Hand : The 1 5 . 1 tooke the height of it inflrHmentAlt/ ; ftan- 1 3. ding neere the Seas fi Je : which I found to be 5 4. minutes : the Sunnc being 28. degrees high. This fliowcs, how great ^RefraUimh^vtis. Yctmaytnisbenotedby the way; That I hauc feenc the land elcuatcd , by reafon of the rcfradious ayre ; and neuerthclefle, the Sunne hath rifen p^^rfed round. ^ ^ The fixteenth was themoft comfortable Sun-fliine day, 10. that came this yeere ; and I put (bme to cleere off the fnow from the vpper decks of the Ship ; and to decrc and dry the . great Cabbin, by making fire in it. Others I put to digge do wnc thorow the Ice, to come by t^ur Anker , that was in ihoald water, which the 1 7. in theaftcmoone we got vp,and carried aboord. * The eighteenth , I put them to digge downe thorow the Ice, neere the place where we thought our Rudder might be. They digged downe, and cameto water: but no hope of fin- ding of it : we had many doubts, that it mought be fanded ^ orthat the Ice might haiie carried it away already, the lafl; yeerc : or if we could not recouer it by digging before the Ice brakevp,^nd drbue, there was little hope ofit. t;^* The nineteenth wee continued our myning worke a- i^, boord the Shippe; and returned in the Euening to Sup* per aflioarc : This Day, The Mafter and two others, dcfired that they might lye aboord : which I condifcen- ded to : for indeed they had lainc very difcooimodioulh* all the winter, and with fickebed^fdlowes : as I my felfe had done; euery one in that kindc taking their fortunes* By lying aboord , they auoydcd the hearing of the mifer*- I 3 / W« 17- 18. 70 21. 23' If T*^ Wintering. ble groaniiigs : aix) lamenting of the fickc men all night long: cncfaring ( poore (bules ) intolerable torments. By the one and twentieth, we had laboured fo hard, that we came to fee aCaske; andcoiMIikewileperceiue that there was fomc water in the Hold. This we knew could not be thawed water; becaufe it did ftill freeze night ind day very hard aboord the Ship, and one the land alio. Bythcthreeandti^entiethinthe Eucning, wee came to pierce the forcmcntioned Caskc: and found it was full of ve- ry good Beere,which did much reioyce vs all : cfpccially the fickemcn , notwithftanding that it did tafte a little of bulge- water. By this we at that time thought that the holes we had cuttofinkethe Ship, were frozen, and that this water had flood in the Ship all the Winten ^ --^ r. - ir,- . Thefoureand twentieth, we wentberfmes in the mor- ning to worke: but found that the water was rifenaboue the Jce where we had left work,about two foot: for that the wind had bio wne very hard at North, the night before. In the morning, the wind came about South, and ble w hard, and although we bad little reafon for it ; we yet expe Aed a low- er veere of the water. I there vpon put them to worke on the ontfideof the Ship: that we might come to the lower hole, whichwchadcutintheStemc-Shootes. With much labour by night, we digged downe thoro w the Ice tu it ; and found itvnfrozenCasitnadbin all the Winter^ and to our great comforts, we found that on the infide, the water was ebd cuen with the hole: and that on the ontfide, it was ebd a foot lower. Hereupon I made a ftiot-boord to be naild on it : and to be made as ti^t as might be, to try if the water came in any other way. Tb the other two holes,we had digged on the infide : and found them frozen F Now J did this betimes, that if we found the Ship foundered, wc might refolue of fome courfe to faue, or prolong oar Hues, by getting to the maine before the Ice were broken vp; for, as for our Boate, it was toolittle, and bulged, beficJes that. Our Car- penter was by this time paft hope: and therefore little hope tad we of our Pinnaflb. But which was worft of all, we \ ^ had The Wintering. ji had not foure men aUc to traiicll through the Snow oner the Ice, and in this mifeiaMccftate were wc at this prefent. ^. The ay.wcfetisfied our longing: for the winde now com- 25. mii» about Northcrly,thc water rofc by the Ships fidc(whcrc wc had d^geddowne) a foot and more aboue the Hold : and yet did not rife within boord. This did fo iiicouragc vs, that wc fell very luftily to digging , and to hcaue out the Ice , out of the Ship. I put the Cooke and fomc others , to tha w the pumps : who by continnall po wring of hot water into them; by the 27. mt\»c morning they had clcered one of them : which wciay-ing, found that it did deliuer water very fuffi- ciently. Thus wc fell to pumping: andhauing cleercdtwo foot water, we then left to haue a fecond tryall. Continuing our worke thus, in digging the Ice ; by the 2 g. we had dec- 18, red our other pumpe: which wc alfo found to deliuer wa- ter very well: We found like wife, that the water did not rile any thing, in Hold. 4.*r ^ :.> The 29. it rained all day long, a fure (igne to vs , that win- 29. tcr was broken vp. The ^o. wee were betimes aboord at our worke : which ?o. day, and the one and thirtieth, were very cold , with fiiow 3 f • and hailc : which did pinch our ficke men more then any time this yeerc. This cucning being Maj Euen ; we returnee! late from our worke to our houfe : and made a good fire, and chofc Ladies .^ and did ccremonioufly wcare their names in our Caps : endeauouring to reuiue our felnes by any meanes. And becaufc you hearc vs in this merry humour ; I will make knownc to you what good cheere we kept at Chriftmas and Eaftcr: and how wc had dieted our fckies all the winter. At our comming foorth of Effg/df$d,wc were ftorcd with all fort of Sea prouifions : as Bcefc, Porke, Fifti, ficc. but nowthatwehadlittle hope of refrefhing, our Cooke did ^ order it in this manner. *-■ - The Beefe which was to (cnw on Sunday-night to Supper? he did boyle on Saterday-night, in a Kettle &11 of water,with a quart of Oatcmeale, about an hourc : Then taking the Bcefc out, be boyledthc reft till it came to halfc the quantitie i And ^ this 72 W i ■■■■ IN t- III ■'Ml I' ■«■ 7*^ Wintering. this we called porridge : which with bread we did cate , as hot as we could : aiid after this we had our ordinary of fiHi. Sunday dinner, wcehadPorkc andPeafe: andatnightthe former boyled Becfc made more porridge. In this njanner our Tuefdayes Becfc was boyled on the Munday nights : and , thcThurfcfayes , vpon the Wednefdayes. And tnus all the wceke ( except Friday night ) we had fome warmc thing in our bellies eucry fopper. And (fiirely J this did vs a great dcalcof good. Butfoone after Chriftmas , many of vsfell ficke , and had fore mouthes : and could neither cate Beefe, Porke, Filh, nor Porridge, Their dyet was onely this : They would ponnd Bread, or Oatmcale in a morter, to mcalc : then fry it in a frying panne, with a little oyle, and fo cate it. Some would boyle Peafe toafoft pafte, and feed as well as they could, vpon that. For the moft part of the winter, water was our drinke. In the whole winter, we tooke not abouc a doozcn Foxes : many of which would be dead in the traps, two or three dayes , oftentimes ; and then when the blood , was fettled, they would be vnwholefome. But if we tooke one aliue, that ha(^ not bin loi^ in the trap > him we boyled, and madebroth for the weakeft ficke mcnof him : the fjqfla of it being foft boyled they did eatealfo. r!^^^ . ^Mxic Some white partridges wc kild ; but not worth the men- tioning towards any refrefliing. Wehad three forts of fickemen. Thofc that couid not mouenor turne themfeluesin their Beds, who muft be .ten- ded like an Infant. Others that were as it were creepled with fcuruy Aches. And others laftly, that were fomething better. Moft of all had fore rnouthes. You may now askc me, howthefcinfirmemen could worke? Twill tell you: Our Surgeon (which was diligent, andafwect-conditioned man, aseuerlfawj would be vp betimes in the mornings; andwhilefthedidpicke their Teeth, and cut away the dead flcfli fiom their Gummes, they would I^thc tneir ownc thighes, knees, and legges. Themanner whereof way this: There was no tree^bud, nor herbe ; but we made tryall of it : and this being firft boyled in aKettlc, and then put inafmall « Tub, he; ;3)fjR*S's:^'a;^5r-vr::v'A. fifti. It the inner :and ill the ingin great ^s fell Jeefe, They ithen Some sthcy water bouea ! traps, blood tooke byled, le fldh e men- fid not bevten- reepled lething w askc ellyou : itioned rnings ; le dead r ownc ly this s II of it: lafmall Tub, - The Wintering, - jj Tubs, and Bafons: they put it vndcrthcm, and coucring rhemfelues with Cloathcs vpon it ; thiswonldfomonifie the grieucd parts, that although, when they did rife out of their Beds, they would be (b crippled, that they could fcarce fland : yet after this done halfe an hourc , they would be able to goc (and mufl goe J to wood, thorow the Snow, to the Ship, and about their other bufineflc. By night, they would beasbadagaine : and then th^^y muft bee bathed, anoynted, and their mouthes againc drcft, before they went to Bed. And with this dyct, and in this manner, did wc goc thorow our miftrics. I euer doubted, that wc fhould be weakeft in the Spring ; snd therefore had I rcferued a Tun of Alegant Wine vnto this time. Of this, by putting feucn parts of water, to one of wine, we made fomc wcake Bcuerage : which (by rca- fon that the wine by being frozen, had loft his Vertuej w^s little better then watcr# The ficker fort had a Pint of Ale- gant a day^ by it felfe ; and of fuch poore Aqua vitae too, as ^ we had, they had a little dramme allowed them next their . % . hearts cucry morning; and thus wee made the beft vfe of what we had, according to the fcafon^. •. The firft , we went aboord betimes, to heaue out the fee. i ^ The fecond, it did fnow andblow, and was fo cold, that 3, we wercfainctokeepehoufe allday. This vnexpecflcd cold at this time of the yeere did fo vexc our ficke men ; that they grew worle and worfc ; we cannot now take them out of their beds, but they would fwound : and wc had much adoe, ^ to fetch life in them. The third, thofe that were able, w^ent aboord betimes to 5, heaue out the Ice. The Snow was now melted in many pla- ces vpon the Land, and ftood in plafties : and now there came fome Cranes, and Gecfe to it. The fourth, while the reft wrought aboord, I and the ^ Surgeon went with a couple of pieces , to fee if we could * r kill < t 74 6. lo. 1T.& 12. M 'fPI' Si '!!^'i .''it The Wintering. kill any of thefe fowlc for our ficke men , but neucr c^id I fee filch wild-fowle : They would not indurc to fc<* any thing looouc. WhercCore we returned within i. houres, no^ beinf" ib'' r> jndure any longer ftalking thorow the rn<>w » and :/ie wet plafhes. I verily thought that my feet and leg^^ would haue fallen off, they did fo torment me with aking. The 6, lohn TVardon, the Matter of my Ships chiefe Mate dyed, whom we buried in the Euening (in the moft Chri- ftian-like manner we could ) vpon the top of a bare hill of land: which we cald5r^Wf 'ne vn- that it ull for le fcow Lce. By t of the ad layne n by the aine our inc 9\io^ »nd con- [b: ma- 'alee vp. ore well thcleffe, low {he :hadfild xjpt out 1 the fca I K could now ' The Wintering. now fee quite through her feames , betwixt wind and water. E^J.rbarnrhichdidtrouDicvsas ill as all this, was the lolfc rl her Rudder : and that ftic now lay in the very itrength of theTyde: which, when euer the ke dicue, migliCteirciier to pieces. But we ftill hoped the beft. The n- being the Sabbath Day , we folemnized; giuing God thankes for thofe hopes and comforts we daylyhad: The weather by day-time was pretty and warmc t but it did freeze by night : yet now we could fee fome bare patches of land. . •' : \. . The 14, we began a new fort of worke. The Boate- fwainc and a conucnient number fought afhoare the reft of our Rigging : which was much fpoyld by pecking of it out of the Ice : and this they now fell to fitting, and to feruing of it. I fet the Cooper to fit our Caske, although Cpoore man) he was very infirme: my intent being, to palle fome Cables " vnderthcShip, and fo to Buoy her vp with thefe Caske; if otherwife we could not get her oft. Some others , I ordered to goc fee , if they could kill fome wild-fowle for our fickc men : who now grew worfe and worfe. And this \% to be remembrcd, that wc had no (hot, but what we did make of the Aprons of our Gunncs and fome old pewter that I had: for the Carpentervflicet-leadjWe durft not vfe. The 1 5. T manured a little patch of ground, that was bare of fnow; and fowed it with Peafon ; hoping to haue fome o' the hcarbs of rhem fliortly , to catc : for as yet we canfinde no grcene thing to comfort vs. ^ The 1 8. our Carpenter William Cole dyed , a mm general- ly bemoaned of vs all : afmuch for his innate goodncife , as for the prefent neccfliry we had of a man of his quality. He had indured a long fie kneffe, with much patience , and made a very godly end. TntheEuening, wc buried him by Maftcr WArdon: accompanied with as many as could goe; for 3. more of our principall men, lay then expecting a good hourc. And rr. V were we in the moft miferable eftate , that wc wcra iualUhe voyagc„ Before his extreme wcaknefle, he had broui!v I' the Pinnace to that palTc , that fhe was ready K s . to 7? I J. 14. 15. 8. r ■■!-,>..■ ( .W 76 '5?- mv f'-ihj jiAd ISO. HI The Wmterin^.' tobeboultcd andtrenneld; and tobs :oyn*d together tore- cciwe the planke : fo that wc were not fo difcouraged by his death, but that we did hope of our fdues to finifli her : if the Ship proved vnfcruiceable. - /'' This our Pinnace was 27. foot by theKecle, 10. fpot by tkie Beame , and ^ . foot in Hold : (he had 1 7. ground tim- bers, 34. principall Staddlcs , and 8. (liort Staddles. Hchad contriued Her with a round ftemc , to iaue labour : and in- deed (he was a well proportioned Vcflell. Her burthen Was 12 0114. Tunne* i . , In theEucning, the Mafter of our Ship , after burial!, re- turning aboord Ship , and looking about her : difcoucj^ed fomc part of our Gunner; vndcr the Gun-roome ports . This man , we had committed to the Sea at a good diftance fronv the Shipj and in deep water, neere 6. moneths before. The 1 p. in the morning , I fcnt men to dig him out , he was fafl in the Ice , his head do wne wards , and his heele vp- ward, for he had but one Icgge; and the plafter was yet at his v/ound i In the afternoone, they had digd him clecre out: after all which ti'rie , he was as free from noyfomcnefle, as when we firft committed him to the Sea. This alteration had :hc Ice and water, and time onely wrought on him: that his flefti would flipvp and downevpon his bones, likeagloue on a mans hand. In the Euening wc buried him by the others. This day, one ^^'^^fe of ihe wilde-fowle : but not worth the writing. , ^ , : The one and twentieth, was the warmeft Sunne-fliine-day, tharcame this yeere. I fent 2. a-fowling ; and my felfc ta- king the Mafter, the Surgeon^ and one more, with our pieces . c^ , and J m;4;i^:A'!$V'-i^,s-*';M 22. The Wintering. nj and our Dogs , wc went into the woods to fee what com- fort wee could finde. Wee wandrcd from the houfe eight miles; and fearcht with all diligence: but returned comfort- leffe, not an hcrbe nor leafe eatable, that we could finde. Gur Fowlers had as bad fucceffe. In the woods , wee found the Snow partly wafted away, fo that it was paflablc. The ponds ^ were almoft vnthawd : but he Sea from any place wc could fee all firme frozen. > The fnow doth not melt away here Vith the Sunnc or raine ; andfo make any land- floods ;as in England: but it is exhaled vp by the Sunne^and fuckt full of holes , like honey- combs : fo that the fand whereon it lyes , will not be at all wetted. The like obferuaticn wee alfo had : that let it raine cuer fo much, you fliall fee no land-floods after it. The two and twentieth , we went aboord the Ship : and found that ihee had made fo much water, that it was now ri- fenabouc the ballaft, which mad^ vs doubt againe of her foundnefle. We fell to pumping , and pumpt her quite dry. And now by day fometimes, wc haue fuch hot gloomcs, that wc cannot endure in theSunne : and yet in the night it would freeze very hard. This vnnaturalncfle of the feafon, did tor- ment our men, that they now grew worfe and worfe daily. The three and twentieth , our Boat-fwayne (a painefuH man) hauingbeene long ficke, which he had heartily red- , fted , was taken with fuch a painefull ache in one of his thighs; that we verily thought he would hauc prefcnty dyed. He kept his* bed all day in great extremitie : and it was a maxime amongft vs ; that if any one kept his bed two dayes, he could rife no more.This made eucry man to ftriuc to keepe t ? : vpiforlifc, 't ; . ^ viJ The fourc and twentieth was very warme Sun-fliine : and *4' the Ice did conlume by the fliores fide, and crackt all ouer the Bay, with a fearcfiill noyfc. About three in the afcernoone, we could perceiuc the ^ ce with the cbbc to driue by the Ship. , Whereupon I fent two with all fpeed vnto the Maftcr , wjth order : to bcatc out the hole , and to finke the Ship : as like- wife to looke for the Rudder, betwixt die Ice. This he pre- K 3 fently .rs ^3- ■^- 78 25- at;. 18. 2P. 30. -'i» 77&^ Wintering. fenelypctfotmed: and a happy fellow, onQl>dMle , but for the moll part ^k>^thc^ly• *<* , i The foure firft daycs , it did fnow, hailc, and How very ' hard ; and ^2s fo cold, that the Ponds of waf't iid freeze o- uer : and the water in our Cans did freeze in tie very houfc: our clothes alfo that had beene waflied and hung out to dry, did not thaw all day, ^ ^ ' '- The fiftj it continued blowing very haH in the broad fide S. of the Ship : which did make her (w ag and wallow in her ^ Docke for all fhee was funkcn : which did much fliake her. The Ice withall did driue againft her , and gauc her many fcarefoU blowes. I rcfolucd to cndeuour to hang the Rudder; and when God fcnt vs water , ( notwithftanding tbeabun^ dance of Ice that was yet about vs ) to hauc her further off: In thcafternoone , wc vnder-run our fmall Cable to our An- kcr,which lay a-Sterne in dcepc water; and fo with fome dif- ficnltic gate vp our Anker : This Cable had lainc flacke vn- der-foot, and vnder the Ice, all the Winter : and wee could neucr haue a cleere flatch from Ice, to haue it vp,bcfore now; ^ we found it not a iot the worfe. I put fome to make Col- rakes ; that they might goe into the water, and rake a hole in the fands to let downe our Rudder. , , Thcfixth, we went about to hang it. And our young luf- 6. tieftmentooketumcs, to goe into the water, and to rake awray the land : but they were not able toindiire the cold ^ ^ of it halfe a quarter of an houre, it waa fo mortifying •• yea, . ; vfc what comforts we could, it would make them iM'ound and dye away. We brought it to the Sternepoft: but w/cre then faine to giue it ouer, being able to worke at it no longer. Then we plugg'd vp the vppcr holes, within boord ; and fell to pumping Ac water agiinc out of her. ^^ ' The So 7. 8. .r i: XI. ^Hht Winttring, The fcucnth we wrought fotncthing about ourRuflder, but were againe forced to giuc oucr ; and to put out our Caw bicsouer-boord, with Meffengers vntothcm: the Ankers lying to that pafle, that we might kecpe her right in her dockc,whcn we fhould haue brought her light. By the eighth at night, we had pumpt all the water out of her : and (hce at a high water would fleet in her dockc, though fhc were ftill dockt iii the fands, almofl: fourefoot. This madeVsto corvfider what was to be done. I rcfblucd to heaue out all thcBallaft: for that the bottome of4ier being fo foakt all the winter,! hoped was fo heauy ,that it would beare her. If we could not get her off that way , I then thought to cut her 3owrte to the lower decke, and take out her Mafts: and fo with our Caskc to Buoy her oflf. ' The ninth , betimes in the morning wee fell to workc, wehoyftoutourBecre and Cydar, and made a raft of it; faftning it to our ftioare- Anker : The Beerc and Cydar funkc prefently to the ground : which was nothing ftrange to vs ; for that any wood or pipe-ftaues that had layne vnder the Ice all the winter , would alfo finke downe, fo foone a? euer it was hcaued oucr-boord : This day we heaucd out tenne tunneof Ballaft. Andherelam to remember Gods good- neffc towards vs: in fending thofe foremcntioned grcenc Vetches. For now our feeble ficke men, that could not for their Hues flirre thcfetwoor three months, canindure the ayre and waike about the houfe : our other licke men gather ftrength alfo : and it is wonderfull to fee how foone they were recouered. Wc vfcd them in this manner : Twice a day we went to gather the herbcor leafc of thefe Vetches , as they firft appeared out of the ground : then did wc wafli arid boylc them, and fo with Oyle and Vineger that had been fro- zen, we did eate them : It was an excellent fufteiiance and refreshing : the moft part of vs ate nothing elfe : we would likewifcbruifeth:ra,and take the luyce of them, and mixe that with our drinke: we would eate them raw alfo, with our bread. -nr *i -^ , tr.ns The clcucnth was very warme w<;athcr , and vye did hang [ / our The Wintering. our Rudder. The tydcs did now very much dccciuevs : for a Northerly wind would very little raife the water. This made vs doubt of getting off our Ship. The thirteenth I refolucd of the Latitude of this place, fo thathauing examined the Inftrumcnts, and pradlifcd about it this Fortnight, I now found it to be in 5^ degrees, ai^dj minutes. The ,fouretecnth wee had heaued out all the Ballad, and carried all our Yards, and cuery thing clfc of weight a- flioare, fo rfiatwc now had the Ship as lightaspoffibleit could be. The fifteenth we did little but cxercife our felues: fee- ing that by thistime, our men that were mod fecblc,arc now grownc flxong, and can mnnc about. The flefli of their gummcs became (cttlcd againe, and their teeth faftncd: fo that they can cate Bccfe with their Vetches, i v:. *^ ; - • . ^ This day I went to our Watch-tree : but the Sea (for any thing I could perceiuc to the contrary) was ftill firmc frozen : and the Bay we were in, all full of Ice , hauing no way to vent it. ^*' Thefixteenth was wondrous hot, with fomc thunder and lightning, Co that our men did goc into the ponds a(hoare, to fwimmeand coole themfelues : yet was tne water very cold ftill. Here had lately appeared diuers forts of flyes: as Buttcrflyes, Butchers-flycs , Horfeflyes: and fuch an infinit abundance of bloud-thirfty Muskitoes, that we were more tormented with them,then euer wc were with the cold wea- ther. Thcfe(Ithinke)Iyedeadintheold rotten wood ail the winter, and in fummer they rcuiue againe. Here be like- wife infinite company of Ants, and Frogs in the ponds vpv ontheland: but we dur ft not cate of them; they lookt fo fpeckled like Toads. By this time were there neither Beares, Foxes, nor Fo wle to be fecne : they are all gone. Thefeuenteenth, the wind came Northerly, and wee ex- pelling a high Tyde , in the morning betimes, put out our I fmall Cable afterne out at the Gun-roome-port : but the morning Tydc we had not water by a foot. In the Euening L Ihad J^ 'S 14' ^$ y 16. C:i 17. ^, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V <>.*^i^ -W*^ z ^^' V 1.0 I.I 11.25 III w u ■40 1^ 122 2.0 U 11.6 Hiotographic Sdences Corporation ^ •ss \ iV <^ "•^ ' V ^ "V. '*^o 23 WEST MAIN STMET WIBSTER.N.Y. 14S80 (716)»73.4S03 \ r ^> wsiter did flowapioe. Iiiikiai^iesdieififore for theBoue tDComeaifaoare ; I todUktiR^^Sm wttt^etodocmyibkm vvkhinedbooid: vidtcfa^nvacer ratthoni^ (he wanted femetliingiDcifsdectctMtTOto^Dm widi fttchagooidwil, thatt^heindllierihcrow iheiindia a foot and a halfe deeper water. Further then fo» we darH 1 McyttbiSngiier^ f«ar dude libelee was i/A tUdoe about vs. After we mi nioor*diKr,wewtQtallci>pny'ers: aadgaie Godthankes, thathadjjkicovsqtirlhiptgiitie. 2 3^ The 1 8th. we were vpbetlines : tne Cooper, rndtooK \ withbim^ tofiSlfiiefiiwscer .• mf MS: wiiib fiime Ql|iers» toigatberftosiies at km^AVOter ; ^^^ keS^y achigh wtterifeCodc-twaiae ind m aMtte « Bd flo t»thc twa vppcr holes (kttKia i ^fiivivhichwenltedtsdKrca'iieiueiic ^ Theninteenth, weweredl vp betimes toworkB^asa- foinefpedfiod: ihefetwoic^vs^ioirShb and It was a InpM ImiQfe^ Whfarwe "g^ necrrhiidfuKftfahighTydeiAAedrtiel^ JEueiHog^ I went vptol inr 0^h 'tif$ifi mx? this wis the £rft cinti ccwdd iecvafMtb^metimfvami exceptthat lictk bf die ibaitoeSdc^ wheite we w^k;. T^ -fiameitfbsiftrt^ dxKthe Sea imsuUiAuwdyibJwdRiKpztiidikii twee lovw tnaftlieetd die Nordilvafd; iftding that way wse were cfcttaiK , there wasd>ocB two hmdoed leascies rf&a. ^0. Hbeftcwcliboitrediasafondakl. ThewiodeatKMW. |3ie «f detofe fe high » dntisnrSliio fieesd^ mAwaAsefr ,. her furthertiff^ imoafiiete^aixhawfed^epe water. Thus wt diditiib^ Ik&and Htde; for dut dieloe was fiffl won- tkrfatt dwrktabmu¥!8* ^2 Ihe sa.'diQicdiywiiniidi JdeabooDva^auA wU^ ixi^aiid taiagNiiBMtQarScwacKAEidcer. Afc:la^'amet(JKiwipk- - fiandii^ fhndingaB die Ice^ we hao'dov Ship further oflT: tliatfo -flie m@it lie aflote at k> w*witer. The next low-water » we feittiiledaU about the Ship: and found itveryibule grannd, We4i(c0Qeied {bones ^ fpotQ bkh,abouctheQMxmd»and a. of them widuaa Ships breadth or the Ship : wnercby did more tnanifeflly appeare Gods merciestovs: for if when we forced her a(hoiare, fliehad ftrooken one blow again 11 thoTe (tones, it had btd^ her. Many (iich dangers were thciie in thb Bay: whichwenow^ firftperceiuedy by the Ices griAindin^aiiclri(ii^againft them, in the Enehingy we tow*d off the Shp^ vnto the place (he rid thelaftyeere, and there moord her. Sherii^theShip, n^ii: and day y flood and ebbe, iifnongfttbedi(pmtlce thatcame athwartof vs. The 2). we laboured infodnng ourprouifions aboordi ^3- which to doe, we were fiine to WMe to cany it to the boate afullflight'-(hot: andaHbyreafonthewindewas&udierly, This niominK, I tookc an Qbfirmitnn of the c^#Mf/ com* min^ tcnhe SooA, tw a tMeridim Hne of i ao. yards long x whkh I had reftified oiany weeks beforc-baod. The 34. 1 tooke another Oifiitmitkn of the Mo€t$et cool* ^4* mlngtothec^A:c. On theout4ide of the lead, I fafbnoda (hliiK anda Gxfir pence of his Maiefties Coyne: mder that,. weMmed the ir«Mr/vlifiiMr, fiuRlyaitinkad: and¥iidkrtfaar,the«/(rrfitrx of £e City €£9r^ And diis being t Mk^mmmr Diy . wciiileditott tbetopof thefaoreHiiiy where wehidbunfid Lz . oux i^ a5' » t 7%eWint&ing. ou/dead ftllo wcs s formally by this ceremony taking poffc t i|ionofthefcTerritorics,tohi8Maieftic8v{e. - ^1^^ Tltewindecotttirtuing Southerly and blowing hard, put "allth^Krcvponvs: fe that the Ship now rid amongft it, in f&ch ?|ippirerit • dir^er , thsfe I thought verily we (hould haue Idft her. Wc laboured, flood aridd)be, both with poles and oatts , to heauc dway and part the Ice from her. But it was Gdd^&it did prote*^" and prefcnie vs: for it was part any ii)^VTlder(tiiriding«^h^ Ship could indurcit, or wc by cnir iabbur faue nef; ft the night, the winde (hifted totbeWeftward, and Mew the Ice from vs; whcrqbywc hadfotnered. ; > „ t^ The i j.in the morning, thcrBoate-fivayniewithaconnc- nient crue with him, began to rigge the Ship : the reft fetch* ingour prouifibnsab(!i»ord. About io. adocke, when it was fomethisig darke, I tdoke a L'^ce in my hand ; and one with me with a Musket and fome fife, and went to our watch-tree; t6 rtiiake i fire otf the cmkiiocifl: phcc of the Hand : to fee if iiKv^^ould b^ aftiWci^ed J Sudifircs'^^had formerly made, to . haueknowledge if there were any Salutes on the maincor the Itodsafout vsi Had there'beene any, my purpofc was to baue^ne to tbem, to get fome intelligence of fome Chrifti- sm, or fome Oceaii SesN^eiieibtmisi; V/hen I was come to tll<<^tr€e , iMA downemy lance, andfe dkil my Confbrthis Kftiskers and whilcftmy felfe climed vptothetop of the treei I ordered him to put fire vnto fome low tree theiabouts. He, Tvi^iduifedly ) put fire to fome trees that were to Wind- wairac fothatihey'^andalltlierc&iloot^reafdri very hot weather) beii^ feare arid "dy, tooke fire like fiaxe orhempe: and tnewit^ blowin^the fire towards me, I made hiftc down the tree. Butberorelwashalfe way down, the fire tooke in the bottx)me of it , and blazed fo fiercely vp waids , that I N;^ fiune t6 l»pe off the tree, and do wne a fteepe Irflh and in bricfe, widi much adoe » elcapcbumii^. ^ Ttemofleontfac ground was asdryasflaxe : atvJitwouM nmhemoftftran^, iuidlikcacfaitietibt^ theearili.^ T^^ KAisfcctandi^c lincQ were bbik him. M/Cooibrc^tt ^•V TJie wintering. , S$ cttnctome* andwasioyfiillcofeeine: forhetl^QUghtveri. lylhadbb burned. And tbas we wolt homeward together^ leauing the fire increafing , . and fliO bumipe moft fiiriaufly . " We cduld (eenoaofwer of it. Ifleptbutlitnean nmbtafcqrx andatbreake€^dsiy»I nnade all our Powder and Bee^ , to tx carried aboord. This day , I w^t to the hils, to looke to the fire: where I faw how it did ilill bume mod fizrioufly : both to the Weft ward , and NQ^thwiard : leauir^ one vpon the hils to watch it » I came home immediately ^ and made them take downe our new fuite of iayles , and carry them to the (eas-fide , ready to be caft in » if occaflon were , and to makefaafteto take downe our houfes. About noone, the winde (hiftcd Northerly ; and our Scntinell came running home I bringing vs u^rd that the fire did follow him at harcl heeles, likeatraine of powder. It was no needctobid vs take downe and carry all away to the fea-fide. The fire ame towards vs with a moft terrible rattling npyfe: bearing a fuB mile in breadth : and by that time wee nad vncoucred our houfes and laid hand on , to carry away our laft things : the fire was come to our Towneand feazcd on it , and (ina trice} burnt it downe to the ground. We loft nothing of any value in it .* . for we had brought it all away into a place of fccurity. Ourdo^es, in diis combuftion, would (it cbwne on their taylcs , and howie , and t\m mnne into the Sea, on t:he fiioalds, and there ftay. The winde ftiifted Eafterly : 2nd the fire ranged to the Weftward, fcekii^ what it nJight deuoure. This night, we lay s|Il together a- boord the Ship, andgsoieGodthankes, thathadShiptvsin ngagainc. / Thetwcntiefeucn, twentie eight, and twentic nine; wee 27. wrought hird, in fetching our thhgs aboard, as likewife our water, whfch we mnft to we off with thc^bb^, and bring it Jto the Ship with the flood. Moreoucr, we muft gpe abou^ the Biftcr-pomt for drift-wood :for our tooles were all fofpent, that we could cutnonc. Wherefore, sboutfomethreeaaycs agoney I had caufed our Pinnace to be fawed to pieces , and With Hm we flowed oUr Caske, inteodingto buroeiitt / ; h L J tow 8^ Tilt Wml&hiji^ low UMm , tnd fiidiodier dfl^ is w cirryisig things i^boonL I coined the men in fitchinr ftones « Md vi^dli biiild three Tonhsooef ow c^ fdlo#e8 i^Ungthemirp wi^ iUlK} irf a dec^nrtndhBiicHbine fMiKM^ theltillTomeiliidtWotiinneeofAoiMi^^ Thedrirtiedi, wemoft eaiTieftl]^ conti^^ brouglie our bytes taytrd i and by elcnen a clodce at nigbt hMdmadei^rvJUf %i|>: meaning lohaue (iniAsed our bufiJ niflS^wiAdie^veekeandthenioneth, tfaati0W isn«^ vntmo- faB 1 for ki the day tktie, it wfllbeextreme hiblM jtA notin^ danMeki^eSonne, whichis, byreafixi that it isa&fid^ countny. Inthen^btagikie,kwillfree2eaninchthkkein tdiepoMs,andini)ietubsabomafidinoiirhe«](e: And ^ IJhia^ tciwiud^thefattar endof /M«r. The The ttdeiabk. Wie toreanaldAancteiir tapiodet, andandevt b^of itcoputoar ttttdsn : but it wasnoferdftMott ag^tbem. IHey would finde wayci mlincanestDilna vs,dtttoutfiiceswtre fwobehard out ippnoMfes, wlii£ wouMfofltxAiandfiiiaft, tfaatwe amft moktoJbtmitmt tfaeoi Aiidtlierefl3^jiideed; wereinQi|setiQnnaieuigtDT% .fhciiafl cfaecokl welndhereco&is indur The firft of this mornhfariffiSiiadiy^e imrevpbetirne^ AndlcaufedaurShiptobea&medtficbeftwecoiid: our Ancient on the Poope, and the Kings Colours in the nttinc top. ^ had pouided a flioit brkfe'^ ail die paflages of out voyagei0tfiis day : IlikewifeivrQtem what fhtcivc were at prefent, and how I did intcodtopioretitte die di^ottery, both to the Weftward, aadtoijie SomthwaBl, dbout this Hand. Thi8Arie(edilawreIiiad€0Dcliid(xl, widiar^ to any Noble minded Traua^dor diat ibodd take it dbwAe, or come to the notice of it : diat if we ihoiikl perifli In the AiAaoR, 1^ iD'make (Mecne mil^atieaft, an'dthc whde bredth of the Hand : necre about our Xkf^^t and tdead ^ it loould not come : by reflfiDR it was a bareiaiidlj^ HB; Aiftcr Eoening prayer, fhappencdtowdHeesdongftdncfieacbiiflei: liherc I found an hoBbeMftmUiiig Sowny-^gnfle. ImJk fam to begatherel t irfuch weii^td mikti mat maxt io iiipper t JtUMs moft«3icelknt4gQdd> ondfitfceibecfierAieBa oar Vet- ches» Afccr^i9perwcw8iicdl»»'M>&andfBdb^^ of ^ . L it; ^ o 88 th^WiMtring. itr vrhkhwedi^t^theqinntitj^of twobufkebwfak^ iftetwvcb nmch refireflu vs^t Abdnow the Siintie wiifirt^ andtheBaatcsomBe afliotre for vs % wbereopoa we itfcm- Uedourfduestogetliery andwetitvpto take the bft view of our dead, and to k>oke vnto their Tombes, and other diirgs: here leaning v(kininkv!arciie,on one of their Tooibes i vttereddiefelinesy which thoush perchance tbeymay pro- cure laug^erin the wUar{brt(whiai I (hallbeglad the)^ yet iDoued my young and tender-hearted companions at chat time with fome compaffion. And thcfc they were. IWere vnkind, vnlefle that I did (head. Before I part, fbme tearcs vpon our dead : , And when my eyes be dry, I will not ccafe In heart to pray, their bbnes may reft in peace: Their better parts, (gocid fbules) I know were giaen. With an intent they Sionldrrtume to hesttien. / Theirliaestheyfpent, tothehftdropof bibud, ' "^ ' SeektngGodsgk)ry,andtheirCountriesgood, And as a valiant Souldier rather dye$. Then yeelds his courage to his Enemies : And ftops their wav» with htshew'dflefli, when death Hadi cpifie depritt'^ himof hb fircngth andbrcadi : -^ So haue they feencdiemfelues ; and here they lye, A (aiiioBs marke or oxxfDifcotiery. . We that (iiruiue, perchance may end our day es In (bme iniplovment meritingno prufe ; Andinadu^nillrpt: when no man names "" Thememoryof vs, buttoourfliames. Thqr haue oui-litt'd this feare^and their bnuie cnd^ WiU euer beanhonour todieir friends* Why drop ye fo, mine eyes ^ Nay rather powre , .Myiaddepartureinaiblemnefhowre. ^ ! tne Winters cold, that lately fioze ourfaloud. Now were it fo extreme, ought doe thisgood, Asmaketfaefetearc^brjghtpeades: whichi wctddb)^^ ToinbM fitfHy witfayoii^ Doomes &adlday. That Tie Wifftering. That in this Solitatv pface» where none Will eucr come to breathe a (i^ or grone. Some remnant might be extant, of the true ^ AndiaithfuirioQe, I euer tenderd you. Ob, reft in peace, dearelriends, and kt itbe Nopridetofaythefometimeparcof me. . - What paihe and angaifli doth afflift die head, The heart and ftomake, when the lixhbes are desid ^ Sogrieu'd, Ildfleyourgrauestandvowtodye, . A Foftcr-father to your memory. '■'Mi So faflning my briefe to the Crofle^which was (ecurely wrapt vp in I^ad: we prcfently tooke Boat and departed .* and neuerputfootemoreon tl»t Hand. This Hand and all the Teft,(aslikcwiiethemainejis alight white find; couered jouer with a white mofle^and full of (hrabs and low buflies : excepting (bmebar^ Our difcduerj Mtd €ommif$gh$me. pi flakes , which were about the bit^ncflfe of my arme ; and they had beenc cutfliarpc at the ends, with a hatchet , or feme other good iron toole , and driuen in as it were with the head of it. They wcrcdiftant about a ftone«-throW , from ' the water fide. I could not conceiue , to what purpofcthey fliould be there fet; vnlcffc it were for fomemarkc for boats. This did augment my defire, to fpeake with the Saluagcs: for without doubt they could haue giucn notice of (bmeChri- Hians , with whom they bad feme commerce. About 4. iri the Euening « I returned aboord with a boats lading of wood: and the winde fomething fauouring , we wayde ; with our Icadfecking outaChannell amongfl thcfe perilous flioalds. In the Euening , the winde oppofing it felfe ; we came to Anker betwixt CharUton Ikm , and that Hand we named thelaftyeerc, ('in memory of that Honourable Gentleman Mafter Thomas Carte, one of the Bed-chamber to the King) Caries Hand : where we rid all night. The 9 . at breake of day , we wayde with a bare viinde, and ?• founding vp and downc for a Channcll, we were many times in 5 .and 4 fad. water. The winde larging vpon vs, wc flood away Weft: by noone, we faw all Ice to the North-ward of vs. Indeauouring, therefore,to compaffe about the Wcfter- point of Charleton Hand : and fo to feekc to the South- ward: We found it all flioalds,Rockcs,and breaches. By 4. in the aftcmoone , we faw the Wcftern-land ; but all full of Ice: whereupon , as the wind fiuoured vs, we flood alongft it in fight to the North- ward. The fourth was calme , but fo very thickc fogge withal!, 4^ that we could not feeaPiftoll-fliot about vs. Wherefore we came to an Anker , and there rid all this day and the next night. The fifr,it three in the morning , we waidc : but Ice being jr. all about vs , we knew not \vhich way to turne vs now to avoide telling the fame thing 20, times: we were continually, till the 22. fo peflicred and tormented with Ice ; that it would feeme incredible to relate it : fometimes we were fo blinded widi fogge , that we could not fee about vs : and be- M 2 ing ^2. Our difcouery and comming home. ing now become wilfull in our indeauours , wc (hould fo ftrike againft the Ice, tbat the fore-part of the Ship would cracke againc^ and make our Cooke and others to runnc vp all amazed , and thinke the Ship had beene beaten all to pie- ces. Indeed we did hourely ftrike fuch vnauoidable blowes, that wc did Icaue the hatches open , and 20. times in a day , the men would runnc downe into the hold , to fee if fliec were bulged. Sometimes, when wc had made her feft in the night, to a great piece of Ice ; we (hould hauc fuch violent ftormes , that our faftning would breakc : and then the ftorme would beate vs from piece to piece moft fcarcfully : Othcr-wl ilc , wc fhould be faft inclofcd amongft great Ice , as high as our poopc. This was made f as I haue formerly faid ) by one piece running vpon another : which made it draw 8. or 10. fad. water. Befides which, the lower-moft would rife from vndcrneath , and ftrike vs vndcr the bulge , with pieces of ' ^ 5 . .. V Our difcouerj andcomming home. py Wherefore I rcfolued vpon this courfc : When the winde . blew South, it would blow the Ice off the Soath (hoare,thcii we would fcckc to get to the Weft ward , betwixt it and the flioarc. ImuftconfcfTethatthiswasadefpcratercfoIution: for all the coaft we knew to be ftioald and fouic ground , all rocks, and ftoncs : fo thr if the winde ftiould ihif t to the Northward, there woula be ( without Gods mercies ) little . hope of vs. But here we rmift not ftay : The nights^grew long; the cold foincreafed, that betwixt the pieces of Ice, the Sea would be frozen. I caufed the Ship to be fitted, and places conuenient againe prepared to fii-jke her the fccond time , if fo be we were put to extremities. We prcfently put our proied^ in execution ( the winde being at South ) and got about the (hoalds of the Cape ; ftanding then into the {lioare- ward, to get betwixt it and the Ice : we came into foure fad- dome water ( very foulc rocky ground ) thinking to come ' to an Anker all night , and let the Ice driue to LeevVard. But ftill there was fo much Ice betwixt vs and the flioare , that we were faine to beare vp amongft it into deeper water, and to let the Ship driue amongft it. The winde increafing,we en- dured a moft dangerous darke night of it. In the morning, we fell to worke , to get the Ship againe out of the Ice into - ^ fome clccre water, which we law Weft by South of vs. Some of our company outvponthe Ice, toheaue her with ' their ftioulders : whileft others ftood aboord with poles. The reft ftood to fpill and fill the fayle. By nine in the mor- niugi we had gotten into fome cleere water: and ftood Weft and by South ; and into foure faddome water, foule ground. But being not able to weather fome rands of Ice, which did driue ; wee were feine to ftand off" againe , and ( when the cu.^ning grew darke ) to come to an Anker. : r; About midnight, there came a great piece of Ice, ( which we could not auoyd ) athwart of our Cable ; andmadethc c5l.| Ship driueand dragge her Anker. This drciuc her into llioald water, it being very rocky and foale ground. We brought the Cable to Capftang, and heau d with fuch a courage, that we hfi«a'd home our Anker frem vndcr it.. Thus we did f;:. cndeauuur ^g our difcouerj md commiitg home. cndeauour (the beft wc could) to keep our fclues in eight and ten ftddome water. It then pleafed God, that the wind blew •longft theihoarc : othcrwilc it had gone &r worfc with vs/ ^Hgufi, 1632. I . The firft of this moneth at breake of day, when we could fee a little about vs, wcfelltoftrugglcandftriueagaincwith the Tee ; and to get in neererto the flioare. There, by reafon thewindewas oppofitetocometo an Anker, wclettiielcc ^ driue to Leeward: hoping that there was a cleere Sea to the Weft ward. The Ice droue very thicke vpon vs,and one piece came foule of vs; which did touch our Spreet-faylc Yard, and made the Ship driue : But we foone cleercd our felues of it. Then we wayed , and ftood in neerer to the (hoarc : but the water ftioalded, and there were fo many great rands of Ice betwixt vs and the ftioare , that there was no comming to an Anker. So wee turned betwixt the Ice: many pieces of it being aground in flioald water ; and few pieces diftant one from the other a Cables length. This day, wefaw two Sea Morfes on the Ice. ■ \:> a. ^^ The fecond in the morning, we were glad of the breake of day : hauing moft dangeroufly tum*d amongft th? Ice all night,and endured many a heauy blow We ftood in againe to the ftioare-ward ; to fee if we could get fome cleere water : _ for to the North ward it was all impaflable Ice. We ftood into fine aadfourefaddome: but ftill all inconapaft with Ice. So we ftood off againe into deeper water : and in.the Euc- ning we were inclofed amongft extraordinary great pieces. It was a very thicke fogge withall : fo that we made faft the Ship to a great flat piece , and wen: to flcepe and refrefli our felues after our extreme paines taking. 4.&5. The third, fourth and fift, wee were inclofd amongft very great Ice- anditUewfuchaftormeof windc, that we fometimes indeuouring to get forward to theWeftward, did ftrikefiich heauy biowes, that made all the forepart of ^ the Ship cracke againe. Then we would giue ouer working and Our difcouery m$d comming4fm^t. and let her alone amongfl it ; tnit then the Ice would brddce and rife vndcr rs,that would indar^er as bad vs as the former. Our (hip doth make aboue a tun of water euery watch^vvhich wemufl:pumpcout,befideourotherlabour. Godthinke on vs,^nd be meicifull to vs amongft all thefc dangers. The fift at noonc, we were in Latitude 55.30. The Cape bearing offvsSouth-Eaft, by Eaft, fome tweluc leagues off. And this is all we hauc gotten, fincethetwoand cwentiedi ofluty. Allni^titblewa violent gale of windy at Weft» Nortb>Weft: and about midnight, our hawfer (by which wchad made fail to a piece of Ice ) broke , and we bft 14. faddome of it. We beatalliiight moft fearefiiliyi being toft from piece to piece, becaufethirinthe darke we durft not venmre Our men to goe forth on the Ice, for feare of loiing them. • > AH the (ixth, the ftorme indured,and droue vs againe with the Ice, almoft to the C4t/^. The feuemh was the moft comfortablcfl: day wee had, fincewecameoutof our wintering place; the wind came vpfaireatEaft; and we got (although widi our former in- conueniences and dangers j neerer tathe ihoare, and into fome open water, makite good way to the Weft-ward. Moreouer, ourleakenowftopc of itsowne accord : fo that now we pumpt but little. We fayld all night; keeping good watch oil the fcxrecaftell : bearit^ vp for one, and looffing foranother. f^H- ;; ThusdiS wc the eighth alfo, but then the Twind (hifting to the Noith-wcft, it droue the Ice on the ihoare : and we came to an Anker, in eight faddom water. The maine Ice, we had fome two mile to windward of vs : but the fetof thetydc keptit oflFfirom vs. At noone we were in Latitude 5 5 'H* IntheEuetking, a raiigc of Ice droue vp* on ;Vftv^ which made vs wet^, and ftand in neerer the Aodrivj intoiixe faddom, and there to come to an Anker. Thc^indiiKiteafingabout midnight, theShipdkldriiie, and ivaiouicbely ii fine faddom water : wberetore wee letfall .onrSfaoo^Anker $ andbotbheld faetr BiittilK tUft trou- r N Ued 97 6. 7- ' ■ '•\ ■ 9S -/ ■r^ to. ( t kcwoiildaMnev|K)n¥f i«ii(l dicRcber«W0iiUbe!i9bppe» Thsn«idi» inthefnorning> weM^idc(mrfmmdAnker$ the Ice being w jtiiits Iffle thai A ante of r?. About «ighc in tIieaiofning,a ppintof ka^oefoitleQr^^ i wIm^ wf pre- uencedjJbv wayiflg« «odcaaieDo no Anker h three AdJom tnd a bdte wicar. TIm wind cprKiiNjed N«9Xth l43rti}.W^» which wash on die (boire« Thismominf;. I (^dtll ot» etnptjrCaskc to be fild with w«&er» Mid tb^ Ship to be left vopumpi:; and tbc places looktto> thii:we hid prepved to fiokf her. Fprwewereteprefeotin as apparent di)g«r« aa any time this frbyag;e: and (to our great grfe&Oilwasaii fodfi rodr^ grsaitnd# The dvigerof tht9wa$> if weoitde 1^(1 to a piece of Ice that drew deepe water ; dien, as fbonc as kcaiDctio ground ODihcleroK keltic woddbfeake all to pieces, and betray vs to our deftru^n-Abotttnoone, there came foide of vsthepoineof arangei^f 1st ; whkh wc re- fokied CO indare the occremtey of, with an Ank^; thinking tor ide, and breaks throtij^ it , we now fercetiin$( ibmeo^ pen Water beyond it. Thrnftfngcber«foi?e» »id f^sndmg with our poles ; at hQ a greatp^atne tbwar; oar haw£er, and there went a pretty Sea atnongft ir. The Ship did )iow 6U vponit(birioIendy« dnelexp^&ed«[iery Uow» ihewosdd biateocitherbowes, Aiien^tihediddrHi^wtthittibthat IthoughttheCablehadbinbroken. Webrought itfeoCap» ftmgtohcaueitin: bittfiiund iSMoxa Shoote-rAiikerwas broken in die middle of the ihanke. We prefendy fee ouf %les thereupon: ind^noiring dhat wayto edgein aoxxigft the ke oSo£ thii perikms (hoare« It pikaid God to fiiuour oisrbbouffo,^ chaebyeig^inahe&iemQgwef got ofFi^ i^iien fiddom ; anda darke jMdbtcoiiiiQtng on, w^mad^ ftft toidiehiggGftpieciii^wecouIdfitid. It hlewfidrdiyal^lttz biitabmt inklnigbr, &e wind came rpac N^ BweoiithefliQtte then befone* By hredoe of >dap4 9n the tantlv wewetMrnao into fiwTf iaddosM^vryiT^^ fiidittihHead^did M of the i»cka ib^ A ibwe^oae^ 4 0^Wi^„ wt K: II. ^1 wefttour fiAc9> ^vredour tetefmdift indcmnirs Co ^p crfF. ScmcofiTf went irpoii the IciBtohaie her: others ftood wkhooiestotbroft bf ni^bt. At nig^ we had gotten ofl, lACO eight Mdoin f and cmdefefttc^ the biggeft piece we coBil find. If any man fhould sskc why we now kept ib neere to the (hcier e, in this contbmall danger: I sinfwer ; Be?« c^ufethat fal the ofStig^ the Ice wat (b extrabrdinatV tbicke, that we r perceiue any diminution by the finking of it or otherwife. Ncucrtheleffe , I thinkc that it is ruined widi ftormcs , or confiimed with hcate fonic yecres: or elfc the Bay would be fild choke-full: But I cenfeffe, that thefc fccrcts of nature ate paftn^iy apiRc- henfion. r^ Beii^ out of it (Txit no otherwaies then that wc yet (aw it from off the deckes, all to the Eaft ward JI ordered the Mjt- flcr taftere away North and by Eaft , keeping the (hoalding of the Weflcr-flboare. , -^ . t ^ t^i? 1 The 1 8. at noone, we were in Latitude 59.50. ir- V/ ?Tbe ip. we contitiued our courfc betwixt the N.N.Ew and the N* by E. and at noone were in Lat. 61. 7. (bme la. fcagucsoff the ihoarc. I ordered the Matter , to jhapeKa N 3 " \ courfe lot .OS ;'l**- ( / 18. 19. idi 10. 21. ^2. tj. M' '^1 tfooffc Ndfth-Eaft, to looke tothat place betwh^t C^^ht The 16. wevrctt inUtxtvAt ^i. 4J' Thbdiy we fiw fcntw tew Stskt aboac the Ship. The one and twentiefti the water (hoalded; fothat we . imdcflccotfrtt we did appfoaeh diclaftd : but alxAit nocme , ' rihewitidGamcvp at N.E.ourdifeftoppofite. Weloofta^ ^ neet e k a$ we c6uld, and li it hrg'd, We came to fland Baft, atid Eaftandby North. The two and twentieth , we fell with the land to the Weft-ward of Caries Swtms-mfi : Where Wc had forty ^ faddome , three leagues off. We flood in , Within a leagac 6f the ftioare , into thirtcenc ftddome : and feeing the hrfd K> the South-watd of ^t , we compaft about it \ it be- ing C4rks SwiMsMfl : Which it in latitude $1. degr. oo. Minutes. AH the 1^ we faylcd North^Eaft ; and for the moft part 1^ fight of land. • :^.^ V i- Thefoureand twentieth at nobiie, (by Tud^ent) We were in Latitude 63. Jo. hauing fayld a Nofth-Eaft conrfe. ' All this day was a very thicke fog ; which about one a clocke,cleerd a little : fcr that 1 expe«cd to fee die land. Some of dur ftten being better fightcd, %ed it out about fotfte tWd Ics^soffffonnvs. I knew it could be no other then hldt^ tift^hdm lUnd : though it Were fomcthlfig contrary to the e^tpedatidh of our beft Marriners* Wc ftood into it to make fc. ItWastheNorthendof it: and itbafcoff vs,duc Eaft. I Was foone aflkredof it 5 and I ordered the Maftcr to fhape his courfe North-Weft, and by North. Both he and others Were vnwilHng : but without ftiuch adoe, fubmirtod them- fekies: (how loth fo cuer}for that it was fo very foule thicke weather. The reafons of my refolution were thefe : The time of the ycerc was far fpcnt ; and the diicomimoditics of Winter came vpttrtrs: and therefore would I make thelhor- t«ftwiy, befwitttheiandialreadydircouered. Iflfoundan Q^^ I had my defire^ did then intend to pnDceed to oeiFfiitomftbfottf power: tf we met with the IkA, T (hould 4. '5 AonldthmAiifiithedi&oaay: iebeingiv>rptflingfifteene loigucf from \mi to land, and not paffing tenne leagues frcoi Kpfti^hMm Ilmd^ to dwrnaiiwof the North fliotrc. W« made what ftylewc could; itUowm a vexy ftiffcgde of wind vnciH eight in thr Guenini e then it benn to blow ^eredy : and we tookc in our topA^le i, tpid flood vnder our two cDUi'fi»6 and Boimeta. At nine , it blew a violent ftortne at South, South*Hafl, fothatwetooke in our foi«» fiile, andlecherdriueNortlvWdl. All the night it conti. nucd an extraordinary ftorme ; fo that v< e heaucd the Leader cyeryhalfe watch: RuttheShipdiddriuefo faft, that (he Would be paft the Lcdc, before there uas twenty fitddooi of fine out, all the night being exceeding cold wimali. The fiuc and twentieth, the fl:ormc continued in his ir tter^ ^ nioft malice, and did fo perplexe its, that there were but few tliatdidfleepeoreate aoit thefetwenn^ foure houret. A- bout fixe a clocke^ in the afternoon^, the Storme beann to flaken:yet blew there a fierce gale of wind betwixt the South and SouA- Weft. We flood Weft, North- Weft, and made a North- Weft way, when fuddenly the Sea became very' fmooth. We reafoned thereupon amongft our fdues, what might be the caufe of it. We all thought it, to be the Lee^ * wardtydc; nothing doubting what afterwards weencoun* tcred. TheShip had very quicke way in this fmoodi water. The fixe and twentieth, by twoaclocke in the morning, wewerefiiddeniycomein amongft the ke: and it pieafird God,chat the Moone at the inftant gaue vs fo modi light, that we coukl fee alittle about vs. We would faaue flaid theShip^ but it was (b thkke to wind^wacd, and (b neere vs, tHt v: durftnot. Wee then bore vp in this vnexpedledaou f and (I ver^ txleeue) did not fcape flriking, the It^igth of a foote, jttftinft the fee as Iwd as rockes, two or thrfid time3: dieimppenow huiingway, after twdueieagiict awatch. llicn wee ftooddofe bya windtothe,£A(bvi|d; expcdlng day, chat wee fhi|^ fee about vs. Wee coidift fimitop*mafthead{eethe Ice to the Nordi Nor^ W«ft# the ftbrtb^i^sii^ ib roBn^ and 103 ^ %6. \:i # 104 oiirdifc(mer)Mnde$mmingb$me. ind (bme there wasto Leeward oF vs. It wu idl flat (band ' lectin maine rands: andcheSeaasfmobthasaweBamongft it. This Arooke vs all into a dumpe : whereupon I called a confidtation of my A({bciates : namely, ofr'fibirrP^^ Ma- tter : inilum dement J , Lieut int ; Ioht$ trhktered. Ma- tters Mate ; NMhaniel'Bilfin, G :rgton ; and lolm PiUmery Boatefwayne : requiring them eo adiife and counfell mee, how to profecute our bufineffe to efFe^. Thcfc all went to- gether, and reafoned amongft themfebies ; and then brought «c their opinions in writingjTndcr their hands: , Videlicet, Our aduice is, that you repaire homewaid,from this prefent twcntic fixth : and that for thefe reafons. Firft, (or tnat the nights arc long and fo extreme cold withall; that f wecan hardly handle our faylcs, andri^ngs* Secondly, the times arc now fubie<5l to ftormy and guTty weather : as wit- nclTeth the prefent feafbn: it hauing continued a fidrme ener finccthctwentic fourth, and doth yet continue, no weather to difcouer in. Thirdly,wc doubt whether Hadfom Straights be (b deere of Ice, that it may be pai&ble in conuenient time: (winter comming now on apace ) before we be frozen vp : feeing the Ice lyes here all oucr the Sea in rands and ranges. Fouraily, wee muft haue a fet of (aire weather, to paffe the . Straight;which we may ftay along timc;fbr,if wencglcft the firft opportunity .Fifdy,for that our Ship is very leaky,fpthat in (bule weather we arc feline to pimpceucryglaffe: which is ereat labour. Moreouer, we know her tone fo(brely brui- fca with rocks, and Howes of the Ice ; that (hee is no more tp be aduentui^d amongfH|, but in (auing of our lines home- wards. Befide^all this^our then grow very wcakeluid (ickly, - with extreme labour. % SixdJy, thcicafon of the yeerc is fo firrc foont, diat we can expeft nf6 other weather , then we haue bad; both lately * andat prefent : That is to (ay, (how and fc^e ; (reezii^ our rigging, and making euery diing (b (lipbery , th^t aman can fcaroeflimd: And s£ this, with niewinaeSEXitherly; which if it (houU come to the Nordiward ; then we are to exped: Sm wor(e. .SeaemM]^ and la%,^ the Ice ly es a^ - rands J&i^^ Our dtfcottery and camming home. rands and ranges , in the very way wc fliould goc: as yoa and all men here may fee. And therefore wee conclude , as a- forefaid ; That there is no poffibilit ie of proceeding fiirther : ' wherefore we here counfell you to returne homeward : ho- ping that God will giue Vb a fauourable paflagc , and rctume vs home fafe into our natiae countrcys : If wc take timc,and not tempt him too fai re, by our wilfulncffe. ' Indeed mo ft of thefe reafons were in view ; and I could not tell what to fay to oppofe them : no nor any reafon could I giue, how we might proceed further : wherefore ( with a forrowfuUheart,Godknowes) Iconfented, that the helme fliould bee borne vp , and a courfe fhapte for EngUnd : well hoping, that his Maieftie would gracioufly cenftreof my cndeauours, and pardon my returne. And although wee haue not difcouered populous kingdomes , and taken fpeciall notice of their Magnificence , power, and policies , brought fampleshome of their riches and commodities ; pryedinto the myfteries of their trades, and traffique: nor made any great fight againft the enemies of God and our Nation : yet I wifh our willingnelfc in thefe deftrt parts may be acceptable to our Readers. When we bore vp Holme, we were in lati- tnded^. go.atleaft; North- weft and by North, from Nou^ tingham Hand* Some were of an opinion, that wc were fur- ther to the Northward : but by reafon it was by Judgement, I chofe to fet downc the leflcr diftance. Thetwentiefcuenth, the winde came vp at North-weft: „ with which windc we could not haue gone onourdefignc. That winde made no j;reat fwelling Sea. By noonc, we were 2ithvj2xlof Cafe Charles : fo thatwc went in betwixt that C4pmher, the weather growcs tempeftuous, and the winds incline to be Wefterly, that there will be bat fmall hope of performing your voyage th is way. ' ■" ^ - - But let vs ( by way of imagination oncly ) inlarge this Straight , in this Latitude ; and free it of Ice : yet what ad- uantage, in fpeedy performance , will be gotten by this pa(^ ftge , if the winds be withall confidered ? To Japan, China, andtheNortheme parts of ty^Jia, itmaybctheneerer^cut;. tutinNauigation, the farthcft way about, iswellkuowne,- O3 -■:/ m^ 109 no Our difcoutrj and camming home, in fewer dayes to be performed , yea with leffer paines , and more (afety of Ship and goods. , Againc; to the Eaft Indies, and other pirts , where we haue the gieateft Commerce and imployment of (hipping ; the other way is as neere. What benefit of Trade might ." - haue beene obtained in thofe Northemc parts of Afia , I ^ \ will not prelume to fpeakc of : holding that there is a great difference betwixt thofe parts, and the Northeme parts of America I whereas lam fure that there is none in any place where I haue beene, all this voyage. ^2. The two and twentieth of Ol^oher , we arriued in the Rode of Triflo/l : hauing beene hindered and croft with much contrary tempeftuous windes and weather. The Ship being brought into Harbour , and halde dry aground to loolce to ,' ^ her: it was there found; that all her Cut- water and Sterne were tome and beaten away , together with fourteenc foote ofhcrKeele; muchof her flieathing cutaway: herbowcs broken and bruifcd , and many timbers crackt within boord : and vnder the Star-boord bulge , a (harpe Rocke had cut thorow the flieathing , the planke , and an inch and a halfc intoatimberthat ic metwithall. Many other def efts there were bcfides , fo that ic was miraculous how this veflell could bring vs home againe. Being all here arriued ; we went all to Church, and gaue God thankes for his pre(eruation . ©fvsamidftfo many dangers. I very well know , that what ^ I haue here haftily written, will neucr difcourage any no- , Lie fpirit, that is minded to bring this fo long tryed A- dion to abfolutc effeft. And it is likely withall , that there befome, who haue a better vnderftanding, andafurerway of profccuting of it , then my felfe haue. To whofe defigncs I wifli a happy fucccfle. And if they doe but make a reuiew '^ of what hath beene done , and giue more certaine CoeUfliaU 4ferHAUons yHjdrografhicall defcrrptioM , or exafter prafticc mNaulgatioH: it will beamoft commendable labour. For although I haue fpent fome yeeres of my ripeft age , in pro- curing vaine intelligence from forraine. Nations : and haue v- trauailcd ^ tr tl ei P< til ex uc tv^ rr \ V'mtm^.^. •* Oi^rdifcouery and comming home i traUailcd vnto diners Honourable and Learned perfonages of this kingdome , for their inftruftions ; haue bought vp what- euer I could find in print, or manufcript, and what plot or pa- per foeucr conducing to this bufincflc , that poffibly I could procure ; and haue lerued voluntary bcfides; and fpent fome time in rcndring a relation (fincc my comming home) and expended withall of my owne monies, in my forefaid indca- uours , and in f umiihing of extraordinary necef&ries , aboue two hundred pounds in ready money: yet I repent not my felfc, but take a great deale of comfort and ioy, in that I am able to giuc an account (in fome reafonable way) of thofe parts of the world; which ^v heretofore I was not fo well !^.:.r fitisficd in... - >' . - III c .i.«v>:,- ^■/• « *'■ -^ (?'•■ • '^;i?' ■• -.'••V'- • ,' ^ ■' \"y T' ■■• r .•-';'''■ - -••K- -/' ^•,:. ■;V3,':^ . t- ■ -.<■■ • t :v /■i'- .:;<*" r' 112 THE COPlE OF THE Letter I left at C h a r l e t o k^ faftencd to the Crode the firft of f- thrt'l luly , 1632, ■t t^ r-. I V BE itknowne to any that fhall haply arriuehcre, on this I/and ofCharleton: That whereas our Soueraignc Lord CWAf/the fir ft, King^of England, Scotland, Trance ^and Ireland,Defender of the faith , &c. hauing a defire to be certified, whether there were any paflage , or not, by the North- weft or North weft ward , thorow thefe Territories, into the South Sea : Some of the bettcr-mindcd Merchants, of the Worfhipfull Company of Merchant-ad- ucnturers of the Citie o(BrtftoIl, to fatisfie his Maieftie there- did voluntarily offer tofet forth a conuenient Ship for in that purpofc, well man'd , victualed , and furniflied with all other ncceffaries. This free offer of theirs was not only com- mended; but gracioufly accepted of his Maieftie. Where- upon , they fitted and furniftied foorth a Ship , called the Henrietta Maria, ofthe burthen of fcuentie Tuns, vidlualed for eighteene moneth-?. A number thought conuenient to mannage fuch a bufinefle , was twentie two, whereof nine- teenewcre choice able men, twoyonkers, and my vnwor- thy felfc their Commander. All which , the Briflow Mer- chants did moft iudicioufly and bountifully accommodate, and had in a readincffc, the fir ft of ^^uj ,1631. The third of May, we began^our Voyage out ofthe Rode of Br ifio/l; commonly called Kings Rede: Pafling about the Cape Cleere of Ireland, vpon many courfcs, but reduced to a Weft North-weft, we fay led along r and vpon the 4. of Tnne, wee made the land of Cropland to the Northward of Cafe Farewell : where for the fpacc of two dayes, we were dan- geroufly ingagdc amongft the Ice. Being cleere of it,wc dou- bled Cape Farervell to the Southward , and fo continued our . '.: courfc f y 113 on tourfc to the Weftward; continually fayling and thruftittg the 5hip tborow much Ice. The i p. of Iuw,v;e made the I/miof iRefolutid:^ endeiiouring to copafle about it to the Southward, we were taken with a ffrong Wcfterly wind, which droue the Ice,and it vs,vpon the flioare. In that diftreflc, (feeing it was broken grounds and maine inlets into it, ) I fcnt the Shallop to feek & found a place,for our refuge;but when ftic was depar- ; tedjChe was in as great danger 9" we : and coul4 rtot fetprne to vsjbyreafonofthelce. We being now dfiuen very ncere the rocks,were faine to fet our Sayles,and force the Ship into an o- ' pcning: aduenturing her amongft vnknowne dangcrs,to auoyd apparcnt;bcfore wc could moorehit in a place(as'we thought) fafc from danger. The 2 i.of //rw(this Inlet being full of Ice,) that Ice vpon the ebbe, fo lambde one piece into another, that it altred the ordinary coiirfc of it, & it came vpon the Ship,and putfaeragainA the rocks: notwithftanding our vtmoft refi- ftance. As the water ebd away , the Ship hungby the Keele vpoi? a rocke;and heeld to the Offing. As foonc as we percciucd this, W€ made fall fome Hawfers to faer Mafts, and to the rocks,to hold her vpright. But all in vaine;{hce fiinke ftill, as the v/ater cbb'd away : fo tliat (he was fo turned ouer,that we could not ftand in her. Hereupon,we got all vpon a piece of Icc,looking vpon hcr,& praying God to be mercifull to vs.Thc rocke that (he hung vpon,was a little abaft the maine Maft ; whicli made her hang after the head : and fliec funke ouer fo much,that the Tmlaffe of the Ferecaflell was in the water. At !ength,it plea- fed God,the flood came ; before it had ebd fo low as the tydc before and aftcr,by a footc: and the Ship rofc,and was Cafe and found. And thus were we miraculoufly dcliucred. With the firft winde,we proceeded to the W eft ward:continuaIly being peflred with fo much Ice,that it was about the middle of My , before we couldattaine to Sir Budlj T>igges lUnd. And here I was put to my confideration : for whereas by my dircfti- ons, I was to fcarch efpecially two places ; one from D igges I/oful to the Northward i and fayling there , to goe to the ChicksmAHHiherfsHope, andfo tso fcarch it todhcSouth- P ward; 10 "4 ward ; I now finding the Sea much peftred with Ice in the * latitude of ^4.oo.ana as farrcas we could fee to the North- ward; and that the time was fofarrc fpent, ai that before I could do any thing that way,it would be yif^g,8c then as much trouble to returnc againe to Digges lUnd: and that by that time, the ycere wouQ be fo farrc fpcnt, the mp;hts fo long and cold ; that I ff ard I fliould be forced with fhame to retumc into £;ifAiiwi againe that ycere. Wherefore I tookemyway totheWeftward,bycJW'^;»/^^/fl^rSiii«{/; on which Handed twice,ftill hindredand incunnfored with Fee. Thence T procee- ded to the Weftward ; hoping for an open Sea in the Bay. We were there more troubled with Ice, then in any place bc-^ fore : foth^itw^sthe eleuenth Avfoi Attgnfly before we hadfightof the Wefternland; which we made in latitude 59i 3®' fomethingto the Southward of the Cheches. Wee were not able to attainc thither, by reafonof the contrary winds and Ice : but were obfcruant of the currant of tbb tydes : which after, by experience, we found to come from the Northward. Wecoaftedalongfttbcftioare, in fight of land; and in lo. faddome water, to the Southward : and cntred that Inlett, which heretofore was called HMtttt Hope: wKch was the very plate, where the paflage fliould be, as it was thought by the vtiderftandit^eft andleamcdeft intelligencer of this bufinetfe in England. Wc fayld to the very bottomc of it, into three faddom water: and found it tobcaBayof fome 18. or 19. leagues decpe. From thence we proceeded to the Southward, in fight of land for the moffc part; and although I was as carcftiU tofeeepethcleadalwaics' going (it blowing a frcfli gale of wittde, anda pretty bigge Sea) our depth 8* p. lo.feddome; yet before the lead was vp, the Ship ftrook vpon a flat rocke : ( (he then being vndcr forefayle, torctop-faylc, mdine top^fayle,andSpreetrayIc) and gaue three fore tmocks y and got ouer it. Being paft liiis-' danger, we proceeded , and paft by Fm Nelfan. Finding the ^ land trend to the Eaft ward, wee began ourdifcooery of it more carefbUy : bcc«ifcthat no nwti ( diatctiet 1 tooJdheare^ \j or orrcade of) did cucr fee this land before. Wee flood into fixe and fiuc faddome : for it is very low land,and trends for the moft part Eafl South-cafl, and Eafl by South. ^ The feuen and twentieth ot^ugtifi, I entrcd vpon it, and in the name rf the Merchants Aduenturcrs of BriftoH, tookc pofTeffion of it , to his Maieflies vfe; naming it. The New South-wffi Princif alkie •/ JValex, I brought from the land, Ibme fmall trees and herbs, and killed diuers forts of fbwle ; in fignc of feyfure , which I brought aboord. Not long af- ter, (being put backe to the Weflward with contrary winds) we {pake with Captainc Pox , in a Ship of his Maicflies, fee forth for the fame purpofe that we were : I inutted him a- boord, and entertained him with fuch fare, as we had taken in this new difcouered land : and made him relation of all our cndeauours : The like did he to vs, and withall told vs, that he had beene in Port N elfin : where he had put vp a Shallop, and found there many things which Sir Thomas Button had left there. The next day, he departed from vs , and flood to the Weftward ; and we neuer faw him fincc. His Ship, He, and all his Company, were very well. We continued our difcouery to the Eaftward , and came to the Eafter point, which is in latitude 5 5 .o6.which we named it Cafe Henrietta LMaria, There the land trends to the SouthwaTd,andwe fol- lowed it in fight ; but were put off with fonle weather; which being ouer-blowne,wc flood in againe for the Wefter^ fhoare ( that we might Icaue no part vnfeene ) and followed it againe to latitude 54. 40. The f'econd time wee alfo put off, with like foule weather: which made vs fland to the Eaft- ward. In this way we paft by fome Hands, and happened a- inongft broken grounds,and rocks ; in latitude n* 3<^* where wee came to an Anker , and fheltrcd our felucs fome few dayfifi^ {hifting Rodes. Now the Winter began to come on, and the nights to be long and cold ; that amongft thefe dan- gerous places , > vee wef e fainc to fpend the day to looke for fecuritic for the night. Hcre,by misfortune , our Ship came aground 5 and that anwngfl great ftoncs, asbiggeas a mans P 1 head; iiy .- if. i. 1X6 .^^ had ; where flicc did beate for the fpaceof fiiie houres, moftfearefully. Inthistime, we lightened her, and carried fon:^ of our things afhoarc : fo that by the great fauour of God, wc got her ofFagaine-, whereupon we named this llandjthc Hand of ^ods fauour. Kfmr that again^ notgoe) t©difcoucrthclIand, and to fee if they could find fome Creeke or Coue ; but all in vaine , we fpcnt the time with hope of fiircr weather , till now the Cables began to freeze in the houfc , and the Ship to be froacn ouer with the fprewc of the Sea : fo that wc were faine to fliouell the fnow off our decks. Moreoucr, the water began fo to congcale by the (lioarc fide , that the boate could hardly get aflioarc. Yet for all that , if the wind blew N. W. there went a very great furfeonthe flioarcy andfuch a great Sea in the Bay, that there was no bringing of our Ship aground. Bcfidcs this, fhc would haue then lainc open to the E. and S. E.and S. and in- deed the nccr<;ft land , all about that way, was 2. leagues off. Hereupon, we continued out the extremity, at an Aiiker. The 19. of Noptemher , the Ice came about vs on all (ides , and put vs from oiu* ground tackle , and would haue driuen ^''s out of the Bay vpon Rockcsand llioalds (where vndoubtcd- ly we had perifhed) but that by Gods great goodneflfe, it pro- ued fo warme a day ( the winde at S. ) that fuddenly wc brought vp fome fayle , and hoy ft it vp with ropes, and fo forft her aflioare ; where fliee beat all that night very forely. The. Ship being now grounded and quiet, wee confidcrcd what was beft to doe with her , and refolued to finke her : but the next tydc, before we had any of our prouifiions a- fhoare , the windc came N. W. fo that the Ship beat moft fearefully. Wc got all our dry prouifions vp to the vpper decke , and made a hole to finke her : but before flie was fiinke , flie beat fo extraordinarily , that we all thought flic had beene foundered. Being funke downe folow, that the water came on the vpper decke , wc tooke our boate and went all aflioarc, in fuch pittifull cold weather, that we were all fo white frozen , .that fome ficke men that were allioare before, . did not know vs one from another. The next day we fell to land our prouilions; firft our Bread, Fifli, and dry things, the men driuen to wade in the water vp to the middles ,moft lamentable to behold. Within 2. dayes, what with great flat pieces that (lucke about vs , and that P 3 which H7 "^m ■^^ ^ 118 which froze, it vwas becomnc firmc Tec , betwixt the Ship and the (hotre : (o that then wc were fainc to carry all things on ' our hacks a mile from the Ship to the houfe. Within few daycs, the hold became fo frozen , that we could not get all our thills out of it, but were faine there to Icaue it frozen, till the next yeerc. Then wc made vs t, other houfes : our firft houfe was our Manfion houfc , wherein we did all lye together : our other was to dreffe our viduall ; and the third foraftore-houfe: which we built a pretty diftance off, for feare of fire. And now we confidered of the eftate we were in, we all doubted that the Ship was foundered : cfpecially our Car^jenter. But fuppofe flie were found : yet was it a Sieftion , whether we could get her ofFin the Summer, when e tydesarelow. Moreoucr, ftie might be fpoyled, lying in the tydcs way, when the Icei>rake vp : and then we ftiould be deftitute of any veffcU to bring vs home. The Carpenter vndertooke to build a Pinnace , of the burthen of 1 2. or 1 4. tunnes, that fhould be ready by the Spring: that if we found the Ship vnfcmiceable, wc might teare her vp, andplankc herwith the Ships planke, Vpon this we refolued, and by May brought it to that paffc , that flic was ready to be ioy- ned together, to rcceyue the planke. But God mercifully pro- uidcdother\^:fe forvs: Wc indureda bitter cold winter • in which it pleafed God to vifit vs with ficknefle : fo that in the beginning of il/Kiy 1(^32. there was butmyfelfeand the Matter and Ssrgconperfedly found : and he began to finde fome defeft alfo. About thebeginning of e^^riiSf, we began todiggcthe Ice out of our Ship, wliichby the middle of -^4/, wehadefFeftcd. The 24. of May , the Ice began to breake vp betwixt the , Ship and the fhoare: and about the middle of /i^»^ , we had ofFour Ship , and found her to be ftanch and found, contrary to all our expectations. Before this time, about the mid- dle of LMajf, our Carpenter dyed : and with him, the hope of our Pinnace : Mafter PTarJ^n dyed the 6, of May : our QmaQtEichard Edwards had his Icgge broken (which was cut 3f ■-\ T^. «189Ri»«..„ A cutoff) atthcCapftangin Anguft ifo that ho iunkedowne, and we neuer favr him more. The two Piaores which arc wrapt in lead, and faftened vppermoft on this Croffe , arc theliuely pi(^ures of our Soueraignc Lord znd Lady, Ch^/es, thcfirft; and QuQtncMarji his wife; King a?id Qnecnc of Englmdy Scot/^nd, Fr^icemd frekftd, cz^.^Thc ncxtvndrr that, is hisMaiefties Royall Armcs : thclowcrmoft is the Armcs of the City of Hr'tfloll. And now weareinarcadinefle to depart this day , and I intend to profeoiteourdifcouerytothe Weft-ward, in this Latitude of 5 2 . o j . and to the South- ward alfo,aIthough with little hope. Failing there, Imcanetohafte to Dkgs Handy and indcauourto difcouerto the North- ward. Thushauing had fome experience of the dangers of the Ice , flioalds, and Rockes of vnknowne places : 1 thought it neceffary to leaue this tcftimony of vs and our indeauours , if God fliouid take vs into his heauenly Kingdome , and fruftratc our re- tume into our natiue Countrey. Wherefore I defirc any noble minded Trauailer, that (hall take thi do wne, or come to the knowledge of it: that he will make relation of it to our Soueraigne Lord the Kings Maiefty , and to ccrtifie his Grace, that we cannot as yet findeanyhopeof apaf- fage t^'is way : and that I doe faithfully pi'rCeuer in my feruice: accounting it but my duty, to fpend my life to giue his Maicftie contentment ; whom I befeech God to bleffe with all happineffe. And that they would like wife aduertifcour worfliipfull Aduentercrs , of all our fortunes; and that if as afore-faid wee perifh , it was not by any wantordefe(5lin Ship or viftuall, or other necefTarics; all which we hauein abundance for foure moneths andaboues which if occafion be, wee can prolong to lixe moneths. ., ; . Thus "P ' ^ IfO Thui being at prcfcnt rrablc to cxprcffc a gratcfiill mind o- tbcrwifc but in my prayers to God: I heartily bcfcech him ' topowrcouthis bountifbllblcflingvpon all their honcftin- deauours » mi to continue their noble difpofitiom in A Aions of this kindc. And I feithfiilly promifc , that if I Aall come where the like Letters and Tokens (hall be left, to make a true relation of it , as it .(hall be defired. So dcfiring the happineffc of all mankindc , in our general! Sauiour Chrijl lejiu: lend, ^, in ; CMctim.Mj thefccodd. 1^32. :\ iX ■J n '■X ■ I 1^/ THE NAMES OF THE feuerall Inftruments, I prouided and bought for this Voyage. QHndrant of old fcafoncd Pcaretr cc-woocJ, artifici- ally made : and with all care pofllblc diuidcd with Diagon/ils, cucn to minutes. It was of fourc footc {zx.\^K) Semidiameter, An EamUterall TriangU of like wood ; whofc Radius was fiuc footc at Icaft; and diuidcd nwioi Pet%fcM Table oi Tangents, A Quadrant of tWO footc Semid. of like Wood : and with likeczrcproiefteJ, ^ The Sights, Centers y and cucry other part of them lookt to, andjtryed with conucnicnt Compajfes : to fee if they had becnc wrongd or altrcd. And this continually ,bcfore they were made vfc of Stanes fox t\\ang Altitudes ^vADiflancesvi ^c heauens. ' A Stajfe of fcuen footc long ; whofc Tranfime was fourc footc; diuidcd into cquall parts byway of Diagonals, that all the /^w« in a RadtMotxcmc thoufand, might betaken out,aftually. . j. t Another of fixe footc , ncerc as conucnient ; and m tliat manner to be vfed. , Maftcrs gnnters Crejfe-Staffe. * Three lacots Stanes , proieiled after a new manner : and truly diuided out of the Table of Tangents. Two of Matter Davis B^cks-ftaues : with like arc made anddeuidcd. Of UorUontalt Inflrnments. ^ Tvjo Semicircles , two footc Semidiameter : of fcafoncd Pearetrec wood : and diuidcd with Diagonals, to all poffiblc cxaftncfle. _ ^• Q^ - Sixe ' ^ \ . SixQ Meridian Ccmpafes, mgeniouOy made ; bcfidcs fotne doozens of others, more common. VomcNeed/esin fquare boxes, of fixe inches D/»: they^^/w«r/;at due Weft, And the -z/^- riatmthy the ty4ltitHde and Aummh at due Weft. Thefe were taken t vvcntie leagues to the Eaft ward of Sa- lisbury Ilatid; and 2. ^uad, one of 4. another of 2» footc Semui, Semicircle of i,(ootQ Semid. , La. 2)^z F. Far. 6^ 01 20 14 39 4* 77 5o!*y 1 50 II S 27 39 63 01 20 14 35 33 po 00 , 62 12 S 2748 €1 01 20 14 34 34 76 30 ^{6y 07 S 27 23 63 01 20 14 31 24 80 18 N 72 12 S 27 30 ^3 01120 14 30 57 78 53 N 73 i' s 27 46 63 01 20 14 29 ©0 1 74 50 N 77 28 s 27 42 63 01 20 14 27 10 ' 71 00 N 98 42 N 27 42 ^3 01 20 14 25 52 (^S a8 N 9d> 02 N 27 34 63 01 20 14 25 00 66 40 N 94 16 N. 27 35 63 01 20 24 1 24 00 64 50 iV] 92 16 N 27 26 63 01 20 14123 30 64 00 N 91 18 iV* 27 44 53 01 20 14 i 22 50 27 3f N\S9 58'^|27 35 61 01 20 14 22 30 61 24 xV 89 18 A^ } 27 44 Th emc :ane Yar^ ^nis 27. ^61 The variation of the Altit : and Azim : of Weft. 27. 33. The variation of the Azimuth of Weft. 27. 48. The variation by Azim. atdueWeft. 27 35. _^__^^ -"" The meane of thefe three is ^7. 38. O 2 . - Mj 1..^>->-*** ■»rt^' Thefc three A^mnths and Altitudes were taken vpon a piece of Ice the Magneticall A:z.imuths by the Sunnes fhade in the water, the ayre thicke of fogge, that the Sunne gaue no perfe6^ Hiadc otherwaycs : lo. leagues Weft from CUam* fields Hand. v >? . La. \ Bed. \ AL.Q. | j4ZM F. 60 3? 1 18 25134 06 go 00 S 60 33118 25(31 34(84 4» 60 33 T.AZ[Fr\ Var. 64 34 U '25 70 08 I S i* '24f 16 18 25 31 34 1 84 4!^ , iV 70 08 s 18 2!^|i8 25I71 35|iV|82 54!iV 2$ 25 041 21 ^to Themeaneis 25. 17 ■haf*. •<•■>•• ^ : luly %A, I 6 31. ' / l"^ " Thefe 1 1 ^zamHths , were taken vpon a piece of Ice a- bout the middle of the great Bay: (bme of them by the fliade, and fome by the fight of the Sunne in the water, the weather being thicke of fogge. , •■ ., La. "Dec. 1 AL.Q. \AZM f. r.^^ F. Var:^ * * ■■ • . $9 20 17 40 Z6 44182 50 S 59 04 S 22 4^ "■ ^ 59 20 17 40 35 44)83 4^ S 61 18 S 22 22 , 59 20 17 40 33 02 90 00 ^7 M S 22 46 - 59 20 17 40 29 49 8425 N 73 40 S 21 SS * 69 20 17 40 27 ^5 79 5^ A'j75 10 S 22 00 > $9 20 17 40 %C ly 78 10 N 87 14 S 22 14 ^ 59 20 17 40 23 48 72 35 iV 84 38 S 22 47 59 20 17 40 21 1^(68 47 iV!88 38 1 ^ 1 « 35 59 20 5 17 40 j 20 40 r ^7 30 . N 90 00 ' ' 22 30 59 20 ; 17 40 20 10 6j eo iV 89 GO' N 22 12 59 20! 17 40 19 34 66 00 N 88 10 N 22 10 Themeaneis ^2^. 23.21. Julj' Inly 5 1 tH. 1^3 r. Thefe feuer^Jl A^ammhs were taken vpoti a piece of Ice: 5 o. les^ues off the Weftcr-flboarc. 24 00 *3 22 20 18 l8 35 32 40 3« AZ.M F. \ T.AZ 'F.I J 6 16 iV 99 20 riV 7^ 00 iv 98 38 iV 75 00 A^ 97 18 iV 73 40 N 9^ 04 N 71 ao N 5>3 5* N ^7 55 N 90 24 N Cj 30 .^\ po 02 n\ Latitude 5843 43 Declina. »54J 43 Themeancis 22. 29, 34. , ^s.^ia^^i- *■'»■-«'* _w .i^;^. Jf- .•".'^■»f.^ ♦-.Ulr Thefe feuerall zA^mftths were taken vpon apiece- oflce .-about 4o.lcagues ofFthe Wefter-fhoare. ALQ. 26 36 IS 24 AZ.M] F.VT.AZ. 83 81 05 25 24 2<5 I 78 38 j iV I 100.42 104.3^ 10^.06 32 30 7^ 16 31 31 7J JO 20 10 7' 27 18 42 ($8 40 18 07 I 57 25 A* iV N 91 95 93 90 8p 22 42 24 58 %6 F. Vat. [ iV 21 31 iV 21 41 iV 22 04- ;v 22 06 N \ 21 52 N 21 57 N 22 18 N . 22 31 Latitude 58.45. ^y_ Declina. iy.25. » ^ V Themeaiie is 22. co. y Thcfe M/4zimuths were taken vpon a piece of Ice , and alculatcd by all the figures of the Canon about 40 . leag^es off the Wcfter-flioarc. latitude 58.37. Declina. 14. 12. ALS. ] AZ.M 79 i^ 7^ 40 75 " F. N N N r.Az. 101.02 99 12 97 a8 21 50 22 32 22 17 73 oa ! ^ J 95 48 j iV i 22 45 71 24 ^8 35 67 28 65 32 N N N 93 47 90 53 90 00 iVl 88 18 N N N 22 23 22 18 22 32 21 46 The meane is 21. 25. 30. Thefc obferuations were taken the 10*. of Novemberi 1(531. the Lati 52. 03. the difference may be conceiued, to growbyreafbnof the Sunnes low Altitude and Refra(flion. The others about the Summer Solftice, where difference of Meridians is auoidcd^and are more exad. Jilt. 0. AZ. OH. T. 9^Z, Var. JVefl^ g. CH. g. kM. G.CH. G. CM, 14 25 ^ 4^ 25 26 II 16 14 14 00 45 «5 27 30 17 ^s 13 15 47 25 29 54 17 31 12 18 48 10 32 33 '5 3t 12 03 49 20 33 i<5 j6 04 11 41 51 07 34 15 16 52 10 57 5^ ^5 36 04 17 21 9 4* 55 2j 38 48 1(5 27 9 15 S7 45 40 00 L 17 »4 8 50 I 52 37 1 40 52 ' 17 45 Tl le meane is i( 5.57-Wefl. '■■^ IFW^,..,.. -An Appendix toucliing Lopgitude. LA titii^e and Longitude arc two primary afFec^lions of the Earth, by the helpeof thcfc two,doth the'Geographcf ftriueto reprcfcnt the parts of the Earth that they may keepe Symmetry and Harmony with the whole. Latitude . then is an arch of the Meridian, comprehended bctwcenc the Equator and a ParalcII;but Longitude is an arch of the -/Equa- tor, intercepted by the Prime Meridian and the Meridian of a Place, the difference of Longitudes being the difference of two Meridians. The mcafiirc of the former is the Meridian, the iGquator of this latter. For the exaft fettling of latitudes we hauc many and abfolute helpes, fo that the Error if any happen,ought to be imputed to the imperfeft handling of the Artift. But the Longitude of a Meridian is that which hath, and (lill wearicth,the greatcft Matters of Geography. Ncucr- thelefTehath not the wife Creator left Man vnfurniflied oi many excellent hclpes to attaine his defire : For befidcs Eclip* fes^efpecfially of theMoone, (whofe Icafure wo muft often waitCjand perhaps goe without, if the Heauens be not propi- tious to Vs) we haue the Concurfe of quicke pic*d inferiour Planets, with fupcriour flow ones , or their Appulfes with fome fixed Starre of knowne place , or dfe fomc other Arti- fice deriued from their Motions and Pofitions, As for the Mignetitaii Needle tb aiguea Longitude from its Variation, is altogether without groufid. And though well fornlflit Sea- men are able by their dead Reckonings (as they tearmc them) - to determine the difference of Meridians fomewha ncerc, yet Lyreafon of thq vnknowne quantity of a Degree in agiuen tneafure (which is the Rule of the Ships Way ) Varieties of ^duerfe ivinds , Different fcts of Tydes,- and other inuolued incombrancesjthcy come often wide of the mark they ainie at. The bcft way yet knowne to the world , is that which is de- duced from theCceleftiallApparences, which being perfor- med by ludicious Artifls, may in (horttime rcdlifie our R Geographicall . ■ An Appendix touching Longitude. Geographicall and Hydrographicali Charts hitherto in moft places fouly diftortcd. It is my intent here, to giue an inftance from two fcuerall obfemwions drawne from the Cccleftiall Bodyesjby the Author of this difcourfe, in his difcoucry for thcN.W.at die boHomc of the Bay , being his wintering place, and called by the name of Charloton, which for ludgc- ment,Circumfpedbn and Exa(^nes may comfxire with moft: The firft froija the Eclips of the Moonc ; The fccond from the Mooncs Mediation of Hcauen , or Her comming to the Plane of his Meridian of Chatletm. The Captaincthenmindfull of the Lunar Eclips which was to happen Oifloberap. Anno i^gi. was waytingon the Moonc with his Inftruments, but by rcafon of the Intcr- podtion of ti)e clouds, could make no Obferuation on the be- ginning of her Obfcuration, but at her Emerfionor Totall Recoucry of Li^t, the hcauens being more Serene, he tookc the Altitude of tjie Superior Limb af the Moone 2p.gr. 1 1. m. The Latitude (rf* Charlt0nbcing5a.gr- g. miii. At that very time, my felfc with fome friends found the exad timeof the Moones Emcriion at London in Grcfliam Colledge ( by a Qiiadrant pf fixe foot Radius,a(5lually riit to ' oad) minitt^of theQsiadca|it)tobcDdoh. iip. i g.h. 7. m.ag ftc, wOdcb.jo^d^t oncof thetbckeyfcucnminutcsjand aboutahalfe in the morning. vt?fo|>T»t>.j**i^?.;v ^r^k, ^.^-^^r -^ Now becaufe the Tables of the CceleftiallMctfions, lately publiftied by that moft Learned 7fA Induftrious Lansberg^^ »inicb;{wiufe,tbe world with that loftietidc of Pecpctnity, it ^all not be umlffe to enquire afber the tin^e of the Captaines Obfcraation from them, that fo by comparing the one with the other we may obtaine the difference of Meridians, which is the matter aow fought after. ; . r v ; . , The mtd(ile oiotipas of the Luminaries anfwcrabk to liie ct iIumU xvm. of d^ fmeifion of the Moone , are ihcfc which ■^' \\Y\ !)r!it'> >;imif ilibify x\\ ^ena fc^. K •Vi v«i(b«. bkb ■: p ji*irAff0m^ touching Lcngitiide. Scx.Gr.M. S. '•'^ . . J>Sunne • 3. 47. J 9- 2 6 TTiciniddlcinotionortheVCcntcrortheo 3 IT 4^58 ^ ^^l^^im ^ ^ ^ iApogacuoftheoi 3^ 45 44 rf j^'t^ii jt. V pi^itudcofthc^ 2 5919 I The middle moticm of the > Anomaly of the) o jf 11 jo f/ =- J Latitude of the) 4 31 8 15 TheProftha|)h«refisoftheiEquinox^ — -— • o o 1236 Being thus fumiflicd with thcfe middle motions \^ce a?e next to enquire for the true places of the Luminaries & their Concomitants,as their right Aftentions, the Dcdinatioh,La- titude,Scmidiameter,Parallax,8c Rcfradiion of the C , tfiat Co the true Altitude of the C center, and confcqucntly the tioie of the Emcrfion may be had at chdrieion. ".Ti '"^' < * • ^ / For the Sunncs true place. Sex. Gr. M. S. The middle motion of the ©Center.*^ • 3. ly. 49.58 " ■ - o. I 37. o . ^he Proftahpha?rcfis of the Center add. The Pioportionall Scruples. » li The middle motion of the o Apogseunl. — i . j 5. 45 . 44 The true motion of the Apogaeiimflibtr. — i. 57. »». 44 The middle motion of the o is L_ l^- J9- _ »fthaph»:cfisoftheoorbe o. i. 3** 43 Theexceflfctobeaddcd •-'- o. o. 0.20 ThcabfoluteProfthaph.oftheOorbefubtr.o. i. 33* 3 The mtdd.mot. of the fro the true ^Gqui. J-__47- i£i_!!? Thetruemftt.oftheOfronithetruciGqar.3. 4f I?- 53 Therefore the true place was ^n tij^ -— — o. 16. ' 8; 5 3 , Andhisright Afccrttion-T--— r— ^ "'^l^f^ /| ...,..,... ForthcMooncstniep&ce. TI^^Artc^'^ihcCCenttt' — '^ . '. ■ ■ ■ . TheProfthiph^refisofthcCCeritci— ^-~o. o. The projportioMatt Scruples — ■— o TheAtiomalyoftheCorbc- The -/Equated Anomaly otthe C orbe — — o. 5 . 5 . >4 5. 5 9 ig. 2 5. 36 . — ^_ oi f. in 30 >' ■ V: •'' ;': :< ■< An Afpinclix tiuchhig LoH^itHJe. ^ ,Sex.G.M.S. The Profthapharcfis of the j orbc fubtr. — o. o. 24. 4. Thcmid.mot.of the J Longitude from the 0. ».y9. ^9. i Thctfuemotionof theJLongit.ftomthcG.x. 59. 14. 57 The mid. mot, of the© from the trac ajquin. ?- 47. u. 5 ^ The true mot. of the ^ from the true atquin. o. 47. 6. j 3 Therefore the > true place was in b' ■ -o. 17. 6, 5 j V For the > Latitude. The middle motion of the 5 Latitude. 4. ja. 8. i y» The > abfolute Profthaph. of her Orb fubtr. o - o- *4. 4 « The ) true motion of Latitude^ 4. 3 1.44.x i. The ">Northerne Latitude was. :« 0.0. p 5, And her Redu Aiuc Scruples Subtp. *'' \ o- o. o. a^ Butthc ^truemotioninhcrproperOfbe waso. 17. 6i$i: Therfbre the 3 true place reduced to theEcIipt^.i7.d. 17. And becaufe the North Lat. of the > was .»- o : P- 5 s Therefore will her Right afcens. be. 44: 3 f : 1 o And her Declination '" 17: 7: 451 Andbecaufe wehaue the diftance of the Moone. ini w ?^ ' ". " '-■^ ^?j t'< ■ r-r From the earth in Semidiameters of the earth 6^ 'J Therefore fliall the ^ apparent Semidiam: be o. i^j And her parallax of Altitude. o. 47.0* Now becaufe the Altitude of the limbe of the ) was found byobfcruationtobee ■ ■ ■ — 29: m. It we fliall fiibftrad her Scmidiamcter r^ o : 15: And the refraftion — ; — j — — *o' »> Wehaue the apparent Altitude of the ") center- To this if we adde the parallax 6f Altitude -28:54^ — o: 47 i We fliall haue the trac Altitude of the) Center: 29:4ir- Hauing thus the Latitude of the place^the ) true Altitude with her declination^y the refolution of a Sphacricall Trian- ' glc according to the 1 1 Probleme, lib.i. Part. 2. of our Britifli Trigonometry we haue the diftance of the > from the Meridian — '• 6y.t6: And by comparing this Arch with the diflfcrence of die afcentions of the Luminaries^ the Time of the ) totall reco- ucry of her li^tdt Char/toH will be 7. hou.49.min.28.(cc. Which m i: 5: u XcCm hicb v/^ K^n Appendix touching Longitude. \ Whichfubtr. from the time of the Emcrfionat Lovdon. ij hou. 7. tnin. a 8. fee. ThcdifFcrenccof Meridians in rcfpcft of time will be j.-h. 18: m. e. So that CW/r(?» is remooucd from London Weft- wards, 7P. gr, 30. m. . This may likewife be confirmed by a fecond different ob- fcruation made at theinftant of the Mooncs Culmination or Mediation of Hcaucn, at which time the Altitude of the brJghtcftSrarreinthc Aftcrifme of the Northcrae Crowne, (being of the fecond Magnitude) was found to be 33. gr. 27. m. Eafterly, Ann. 1632. Ime 23. It may be Problematically deliucred after this manner* »j:ii7f Hauing the Latitude of a Place, withthe Altitude j?itei ^ of a knownc fixed Starrc at the moment of the ; : V 5 culmination, to findc the Longitude. This fixed Starre is of knownelongitudeandlatitudcjther- forc was his Declination 27: 59- and right afccnfion 229.4^. Now by the refolution of a Sphsericall Triangle of 3. knownc fides we haue the diftancc of this Star from the Meridian, and by confequcncc the right afccnfion of the ), whence we con- clude her Culmination to be with the 28: io:m. of "Vif.but the Moones true place was much lefl'e. Here note that the fcru- pulofity of time is vnknowne,and therefore we cannot argue the ■) true place from thence (though I grant it might be e- uinced ) for that were to bcgge the Qoeftion , and to know that firft,which we looke after. In the next place we are to inquire with what point of the Ediptiqmhe > did culminate with vs here at London, that fo from the difference of her places, of the like affection, we may deduce the difference of Meridians. ^uObfcruation on the J Culmination here at London wee made none, thereforemuft we hauqrecourfe to theaforcfaid Tablesof Z.^^y^^rf ,ahd from thence calculate the fame. Now becadfc the ") was not farre rcraooued from the o oppofite point. It will not be amiflc to enquire fir (I the ") place at n^idnight, ^> S(?x. Gr. M. S, The O oppofite place at midnighc im^ oii.i8.iy. The }) true place at midnight reduced to the Ecliptiquewas '^yf-^^ri''^ — '-^ — ~ o* 23. 33, 18 I i \ J i {^H K^ffendix touching Longitude. , The South Latitude of the Moonc was— — o. 4. $6. ^t Therefore the difference of Afccnfions will be — 14. c, o The Dxumall motion of the Moonc i4' H o Thei'efarc the Moonc proper motion anfwcrable to the difference of Afccnnons is ^ ' o. gg. ^o Which added to the Mooncs true place at midnight 23. 33. i S Giucs vs the Mooncs true place reduced to the Ediptiquc at her Culmination at London ' — 24. 7. 8 Now bccaufc the g Southern Latitude was 4. 5 6. 3 8, the Arch therefore of the Ediptiquc comprehended betweene the Moones tnie place and the culminating point of the Edip- tique wiilTrigonometically be found to be 54538. which ad- ded to the (J true place berore found giucs vs the culminating point of the Eclipti. 25 .gr. i . m. 46 .Ju which is leffe then that found at CW/^r<7»;thc difference being 3.8.24.thcrforc is the place of Obfeniation Wefterly of Londoft.lhimg therfbre the gDiumall motion & the difference of the feueral culminating points we conclude the Meridian of Charlton to bediftant ftothviofLodon f .h.i4.m.of time or 78.30. of the Equator. ♦ The difference betweene that of the Eclipfe, and this latter obferuation is only 4. minutes of time or one degree a dif- ference eafily pardoned, cfpecially if wee (Kail compare the fame with fome other places , yea euen (iich at border neercly on each other.To ciue an inffanceon a eminent places which lye in the heart of Europe, Rome & Norenberg : Their diffe- rence of Longitude Regiomontanus makes 36. Werner 3 2. Appian 34. Mseftlin and Origan 3 3. ScoHer 1 8 . Maginus 26. Schoner 1 2 . Mercator and Hondius as much. Stadius 1 7, . Tan- ibnius 10. Kepler by a obferuations on 2 Lunar Eclipfes, but 4 minutes of time. -1 ; Thisvarietieamoi^ thefe great Artifts , will I hope par- Aoci vs this difference of 4.m. and be a means to incourage our Er^lifli Sea-men and others, to make fnch or the like obferua- tions in forrainc parts as thcheaucns Ihall be offred vnto them. -^ >. F 'rft V> H, Gellibrand, - '-j^. but i ■.>.«-> To the venerable (L/r//y?j' and yc"n gcr Students in r>/»/w>y, in the famous ^ D C E. ucrfity of C a m b r i O V nobly-wittcd , an J ingc- nuoufly-ftudicd Academians .• whofc excellency in all kinds of learning, all forraignc Fmuerft- ties doc admire, and none atteinc vnto. Ihcreprefcntyoua Ttfj'- dge to Cholcos^ though not the Golden-fleece with it : the Searche^ I meane, but not the finding j of that fo much talkc of, fo often fought for, North-Weft Paffdge^ and neerer way into the South-Sea, That , wherein fo much Time and Treafure hauc bcene expended, fo many braue Spirits employed, and yet none difcoue. red. Perchance, there is no fuch Parage to be found : and thatthcS fa?fiards, by the gullcry of their felfe Sea-Cards , and the fable of an old Greeke Pilote i haue but diucrtcd our Englijh and Dutch Sea-men, from their golden Indyes. This plot of theirs hath taken,for thefe many yecres : and it appeares to bee but a plot, for that themfelues neuer make vfe of this Paffage. For mine owne parr, I fuppofe that the Philofofhersftone is in the North-Weft Paffage. My argument for it is. For that thcres fo much philofo- Z^^' inthcwaytoit. . -»^ . ^ , in v«,V v.. ^ So So much, and fuch variety : fuch variety, and that fo various, (Ithinke) from what isreceiuedin the Schoeles: that it were well worth the difquificion of an Fnmerfity^{ arid I wiib you the firft honour of it) either to find out^ how thefe obferuatiom may bee reduced to AriftoHesPhilofofhy:ox whether they need any other enquiry, and ought to be examined by \ fome other Rules ^ ther Ariftetle hath yet light vpon. This is my purpofe of infcribing it vnto you. Of this one thing am I confident : that you are all fo rMiomU^dndingemou^, as to preferrc 7>»^A , before Authority : Amicus Plato, amicus Arifioteles, but magis arnica Veritas. Yowi Sciences , then, hting Liberall y your Studies, I know, hau'e fo farrc palled into your maners, that your minds are fo too, and that fuch as haue already profited beyond the credulity requi- red ina yong learner, and are themfelues promoted to be Mafiers of the Artst^ though they ftill reue- rence their oldGreeke Tut or ^ yet they will not fuffer that of Pythagoras Schoole^ fo to domineere in Arifio^ ties, as to kt an Ipfe dixit , goe away with it: much leffe allow it the authority of a . fiyors hammer ^'wixh one knocke to filence allargumcnts. Vpon this confidence, I, with all due refpeiftsj here preferre two Profofttiom vnto your difcufling. The firft this. Whether thofe Rules of Artfiotles Phi- lofbphy be to he allowed fo Vmuerfall, . that they hold all the world oner. The fecond this, Whether they ought \ tobefo magifierialt, astofrefcnbeagainB all other exa- \ minatiom. The firft of thefe, I (hall hutproblemati- cal/y propound vnto you ; but in the fecond, I hope a man or my cloathing, may bee allowed the free- dome of being fomcthing wore earneft. Bat ^n»i^; i; But But that I may not come with preiudice to the making of thefe motions, or bee thought, vpoa (om^ignoranceox dmbition^ to fpeake againft the in- comparable t^riBofle^ I (hall defire all myfi/Uw Aca- demians to allow me fo much difcretion, as to know, , Thaf he that fliall in your hearings, oppofe your A^: rifiotley does like the Ship here fpoken of, runne againft a Rocke, endanger his owne bulge, and the ftauing of his vdlell. No, I {o farre honour the old K^HHotle^ that I well allow him to bee Malier and Moderatar of ths Schooks : and that there is the fame refpe(5l due to him in the Schoolts^ which, by Reafon and long CuHome^ is due to one of the Kings Ship in xht N arrow Seas '^ That in acknowledgement of a Soue- raignty, euery othername ought to Hrtke fajle to him. AriHotle ( it muft be confclt ) hath made all learning beholding to hirn.'Oo man hath learned to confute him, but by him ; and vnlefle hec hath plowed with hisheyfer. He had the moft incomparable wit, and was the moft Logicall and demonftratiue deliuerer of himfelfe, of all the Sonnes of nature : One, who beft of all deferued to be cald Her Principall Secreta- ry : one , who not onely adornes a Library , but makes it: ^ui hahet AriHotelem^ hahet Bibliothecam^ is truer of him, then of the Great Comparer. This is my opinion of him j and I wifli him more ftu- dyed. Tis not, therefore, the name, or the authority of the great AriHotle , that my Propofitions meddle withall : but whether his obfcruations gathered out of this part of the world alone, could, like a rojallpajfe or a Commifsicn^ carry a man all the world ouerf ' S It / I* T It muft be conftft, That in refpeft of the EquL ncHiallznd the Latitude th^t AriFhtU liued in, hce was but a Northern mm : and t was his dwne Rule, that KihiL agit extra Sfharam aiUmtatisfua. So then, it would bee put to voyccs to confidcr , whether he that knew but theljb Nortberne parts, and the Mt< diterraneanSczi could poffibly make fiich collc^li- ons, by whan was hece to be learned, as (hould bee vxifaifcable in^the Southern Hami^here and the two Ifidyesi Plainely, thofc that are conuerlanc in* the navigations and. bookts of voyAges into tho& parts 5 haucibund fo many contrarieties to obferuc^ that it were rather *^^/<»»/, then difficult, to fill vp a J^late^ ^fewiththcm. *v:i /^ v^^ : ... .iv:^ r The Ancients, wee know (a» if they, had mea&red thcworldiby the Yeard-wand) rcftcainedthe Umin q£\ temperature ^ and habitation^ by the. &\xt Zamsi without confidcration of any interloping or concur- ring caufes, which e3q)erience hath now found- out, to haueqtiite altered their obforuation; I adde, that a good leifure and diligence might obferue, how in^ tte contrary, part of the world, there be found deanc* contrary C4«j?^ and jEjfeif?/,. vnto thofe in this^parr of the world. TheiS/wfir^wiWthcre, brings r^isfcand^ Winter : and the North^ is the rainy wind: How will ^ the Thunder mdiha Win J^ be made agree with Ari*' Fiotles definition of a Meteore? In fome places of the Mountaines Andes by Fern, it thunders euar. The KoFt^Indffis haue their CHonfons and their fteady winds, conftant for fixe monechs together .* and who fltall afll^ their caufes/r Thm the doff riw oP' thtiTyd/eSy nothing fa vnccrti>inc« which rAfcand^ JSnp in fome places, different ^ and in others contrnryi^, --1 to- / y I/*, tee K he ai- bee wo the rtSi that west y to to the M$one and her mothm. This ''as I reiii^mber) is Ariftotles definition of a Meteore^ x'hat it is, 0//1 AriMeUs, i. imperfe^ mixt b^dy^ generated 0ut of m injirme trndtn- CHctetry cmBant concretion $f the Elements^whichthei^effre can- not be durable. Now tht Monjon ^ is both conftant in his continuanc^e this yeerc , and in his returne next yeere; moft conftantly keeping his ftafons halfe yeerc one way, and halfcycere another way, for all ages : nothing more conftantly or durably 5 and therefore nothing like AriFtotUs Meteore. And fo for the Thun- der vpon the Andes : it is firft perpetuall 5 fecondly, not caufed by a dry exhalation^ (as AriHotle wills) but /: hanging oucr fuch hils as are couered with fnow and a perpetuall winter. Witnefle the Thunder on the Alpes alfo : yea and that in the middle of the Sea , 5 00. leagues from (hoare, or any thing that is dry. Yea,it frequently both Snowes and Thunders vpon the Andes J at one ixiftant: and in dry places that are hard by, fcarce euer Thundering. ; But not to pafle the Line ioi it i You fee in this Vvxlt^ookQ^ how Charlton Jlandy which is no more Northerly then your Cambridge 5 is yet fo vnfuffera- bly cold, that it is not habitable : and that there en- counter fo many different, (at leaft fo feeming) occur- . rences of nature, as were well worth the difquifition of a Philofofher. I could,(in my fmal reading)inftance in many many other particulars; which I had rather fliouldbe found out by fome induftrious fcarchers , afccr Nature, in the Moderne delations of out Difco- verers, thSninthis my ihoxt Proportion, Tisnotto be doubted , but that the carefoU reading of our Books of Toy ages, would more elucidate the JiiBory ofNa$f^e, and more conduce to the improuement of \ -* S z Phtlofofhy, -'^x Dan. 12.4) 1 2. Luke] 7. 10. Philofophy , then any thing that hath bccne lately thought upon. Thefc NavigAticns haue in part ful- filled that of the Prophet , ^r//?^//d their Refultam:es obfer- ued. This, furely, wouldamount to more , then is yet thought of : and,a-C7tf^/ name,Iet Schollers be fo bold with K^Ariftotky as to examine him vpon good affiirance'', by v^hat is Truths Touch-fione : Receiued Philofofhy is a mpft neceflary handrmaid to the^wp- tures'y butlethernotbefetaboueherLady, nor no competition be maintained betwixt them . Something elfe remained to be thought of : That feeing thcfaj^e (7<^4 who gsiuc c<(^r^JW^ tfacfegooci partss V" ■i: parts ; hath, in like manncr^raifed vp nSany cxciUcnt Spirits moe : whether it were not iniurious vnto what is donc,anda difeowrigeroent to what mightbt done- to haue the inuentions or obfemations otthofe excellent wits and grec>induftries , fo *a(ht with AriftatUs aui?horitie 5 that they can haue no credit in the world 5 for that his Dictate's halie pre-oecapated all good opiitton < Let ic not then be thought vne- quall, to tK^m^i^thtfyfi c0gitafim of iho, aid Phi- Uf&fhj, by ihc feeond thm^ks o/i our more modern^ ' Amp : for cl^t thefanricimproucment may by this meanes accr^w vnto our ?hjficksyi\m. hath aduanced our C7tfd^/4/>^/,oui? Mathematicks.zxiA our MeihaMcks. . And let it not be thought foinfolcnt, torcfiifevfr/-i Jlotles authoritie fingly , wliere his* reafon is not fo^ concluding; feeing other men haue taken the bold - neffe to doe that before vs , in fcuerall kinds. Soma haue perfedcd 5 and others controld his Ethicks, by the Scriptures .• as Scultetusy WalUus and fome others. luftin MOHyr fir-namedThdPA//pyi/>fer,hath purpofc- ly written Contra dogmata Ariftotelis : Baffon and Gaf- fendus, ( two braue men ) hauenewly written point- blanck againft him : nor haue they taken away all li- berty, from thofe that are to follow them. And thus 5 with renewing my former proteftati- on for mine owne refpeds to AriBotUyl conclude my two Profofitions : which I defire may recciue a fa- uourable conftrudiion from all ingenuous^imcaprici- ous Sc hollers. I meant them,out of good will to pro- mote learning ; to encourage and countenance future vndertakings : and infuchacafe, a little too much hyln^^ may be thought not to haue exceeded an ho^ mFi Rhetorkatm : for I would not be thought too , ^ eamcft y b earned iait. The hintfor all this, Itookefrdrathis bookc : which ia mine owne and fome better ludge^' ments ^ is (to (a}rnotnore)as well dcxie^and enriched with as fure and vfcfull obfemations , as any ii^this kinde. I was defircd by th|3blc Author, and fomc other friends; to ouer-lookethe written Cop Jr of ir,. and to amend the Eiiglijh here and there 5 in which I * did not delpaircof doing fomething: for that, in my yonger time, Ihad a little acquainted my felfc with the Idnguagt of the Se4. That which put me in the . head to infcribe it vnto your Names(moft excellent-, iy learned i^cddemiam ) was y for that the place of this Wintering, was within ammute or two, of the heighth of our Cambridge. Which my prayer to Gji^ is, that your Studies may makcfamous. - ^ ^^ ^^ ■''MO J K ■ - ,> « * 4 %urs X^ Zl ^ -ASVf^Wl I a- ■ ,/> : ■''^ ./■ \~ . •> .. " ' , •■ -i.r /. .Mipr. • ,'.-ric:>'! ■ -.,..■ , .J -■ ■ ■'(..■"■'. : jo.m':^ '" . I'mv'-- ' ' .my 1' i' ' ..-\- ' ' :'X js'*'^ i^Tj^t; !#> !]lLi ' ■ ' ' .' '^ ■: ' y*^ i 0: :''. . ♦ :. ' It. ; '■, ;^' J 'iOtH'm^^--:^.' ■ 1 €.^ ' '.' ■' . . J . 9 "l • . t - v. :A