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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 I: ■■ 5 6 T W i*v \r i<*' CIVIC RELIEF BY DR. JAMES BEATY, Q. C, EX-MAYOR, Etc. ►>•■•- I.— Municipal Reform / PAGE - - 3 2.— Debts— General —Local —Suggested Adjustment— Relief from Taxes for Years -3.— Water Works— Ten Schemes Discussed— New Modes —Water Supply, Cheap, Pure and Constant - 4.— Trunk Sewer 5.— Schools -Libraries -Police— Fire, etc. - -' - - 24 Useful Information— Facts and Figures for the Citizens at Large. See Proposed Civic Relief ------- 51 . •: : '■ '^tfrf.- ' ■ ■■ • ' • r ... . ' ^-r'-- ' ' ' v/, :■/'':, :'•',.'<,. '■'-■■■ ' . ■'_'--.' ■ . 'v/ * ■ *'' ■■'' ''*\ V ' ' " , . ' ' ■ '■ ' • ' • 'ji ,' ■ ■; ^ ■ -;■ XLoronto : ' The HuNTfcR, Rose Co., Ltd., Printkuh and Puhlishkrs, Wellington St. West. ii' .' ! '' 'W) i ■ 33 % [ ■'.« ■ 4? 49 1 ^ ! , t ' J.\ ■'jpvsyr^ A V 'i'i: '■^ , « ! '1, vil; ' 8. One Alderman to serve on one Committee only. , ..,.)': 9. Each Committee to elect its own Chairman by Ballot. 10. Committees shall be named : — Executive, Finance, Sub-surface Works, Sur- face Works, Property and Health. 11. Executive. — Mayor : City Clerk, City Counsel and Solicitor, and all pertain- ing, to supervise all reports, contracts and appointments^ and over-ridden only by two-thirds vote of Council. 1 12. Finance. — Treasurer, Assessment Commissioner, License Inspectors, Collec- tors, Assessors, Debentures, Taxation, rate of, Water-rates, Licenses, Bents, etc. 13. Suh-surface Works. — City Engineer: water sewers, drains, steam railways, esplanade, etc. \i. Surface Works. — Sub- Engineer : street pavements, sidewalks, electric rail- ways, wires, etc. 15. Property. — City Surveyor : houses, lands, markets, parks, fire, lighir, etc. 16. Health. — Medical Officer : pure water, sewage, closets, diseases, hospitals, plumbing, etc. 17. Board of Control. — A Chairman, a Permanent Officer, a Civil Engineer, and two heads or deputies, associates, as required by Chairman ; or a lawyer and financial experts. The latter I prefer. 18. To Cake a declaration of duty. 19. All contracts (except relating to debentures), to be referred to Control by all Committees to report on necessity, nature, cost, etc., and on proposed contractors and their sureties. 20. The same as to appointments by Council, as to qualifications. 21. The Finance Committee: of schools, police, libraries, etc., to meet with Finance Committee of City, and by a majority of the whole recommend to the Executive and Council the amount to be expended in each case. 22. Court of Revision. — To be appointed and constituted as required by present Act. No Alderman to sit on. A Chairman and two expert land valuators. :23. First appeal to Commissioner and two of his experts as a Board of Asses- sors, then to Court of Revision. 24. Board of Arbitration. — Official Arbitrator and two valuators, as he may require. To hear cases between Corporations and Citizens. 25. Clerk of Control and Revision, a lawyer and stenographer to take evidence, etc. 26. Rules of procedure to be framed, etc. 27. Taxes. — Taxes to be paid to Treasurer at his office, or at branch office'. 28. All to be divided into four parts or instalments, in A pril, June, September and November. 29. Estimates. — To be prepared for the next year a week before nominations, and published. 30. Accounts of current years also to be published in the general. 31. All proceedings to be in open Committee ; no personal communications with Aldermen {quasi Judges) allowed. 32. If found out, contract cancelled, and all damages saddled on Contractor, or oflfender. Note. — I would prefer a Permanent Board of Control, composed of a bar- rister, and one engineer, and one financial expert, to receive tenders, let con- tracts, etc., subject to Committees and Council, requiring a two-thirds vote to reject recommendations of the Board. I was elected Alderman in 1877, advo- cating " Economy and Efficiency," and specially two points ; the forming of the Chairmen of Commmittees into a Board of Control, and the payment of Alder- men. I thought the city was then too poor to pay Aldermen ; and instead of the Board I established the " Executive Committee " as a " Cabinet," which has worked well for eighteen years. Only for the expense I would strongly recom- mend the Board of Control as indicated above, but so small an expense should not stand in the way ; as the cost would be saved many times over every year. Aldermen should be relieved of the details of administration in every way pos- sible ; but the final responsibility should be in the hands of the representatives of the citizens. The items in these By-laws are taken from the Charter I pre> pared in 1880. There are good reasons for every clause. . ■'■^. .... ■'; V '■ .s CITY DEBT— LOCAL IMPROVEMENT DEBT— TAXATION— RE- ADJUSTMENT. The following table is a condensed statement of the General and Local Im- provement Debts, showing the amount of the annual maturity thereof : Maturing Annually. 1 I ' \ 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. ]902. 1903. 1904. U'05. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1919. 1920. 1921. 1922. 1923. 1924. 1925. 1928. 1929. 1930. 1931. 1932. General. $252,370 26 465,073 33 920,050 24 156,478 66 32,600 00 Local Improvement, including City's Share. 4,650 00 4,000 00 10,000 00 614,560 00 12,300 00 905,846 66 29,409 00 43,860 00 16,030 00 30,000 00 17,000 00 160,000 00 15,000 00 18,000 00 10,000 00 20,000 00 601,674 64 163,967 94 157,914 66 162,798 00 168,508 83 864,003 67 828,480 70 3,597,880 03 251,980 72 368,143 87 216,540 15 $11,099,131 36 Gross Debenture Debt, 31st Dec. 1894. Add— Authorized but not issued : General Total issued and authorized $296,378 73 430,273 00 821,939 15 380,674 04 945,668 92 1,044,849 23 761,785 69 653,764 63 401,751 60 815,743 59 156,937 09 43,932 11 161,647 79 23,306 35 420,377 68 698,577 03 692,795 58 224,543 42 10,138 20 293 45 61,562 42 22,036 26 38,186 66 29,768 33 25,652 93 54,730 02 8,449 70 43,427 30 $9,269,180 90 L Total. $548,748 99 885,346 33 1,741,989 39 537,152 70 978,268 92 1,044,849 23 766,435 69 667,764 63 411,751 60 1,430,303 59 169,237 09 949,778 77 191,056 79 67.166 35 436,427 68 698,577 03 722,795 58 241,543 42 170,138 20 15,100 00 18 293 45 10,000 00 20,000 00 663.237 06 22,036 26 202,144 60 187,682 99 178,450 93 229.238 85 864,003 67 836,930 40 8,641,307 33 251,980 72 368,143 87 216,540 15 $20,368,312 26 1,224,500 00 $21,692,812 26 6 1. The general debt of the city, which is analyzed as to purpoiea of isBue, is aa under , Qenerttl Oiiy purpose! $ 1,234,705 57 Jail aid Houae of Refuge 163,129 31 The ne>7 City and County Buildings. (Further amount authorized but nov; yet issued, 0600,000) 1,049,992 27 Volunteer Dr'di Shed Sites 111,589 15 The Garrison Creek sewer. (Further amount authorized, but not yet issued, 060,000) 15l',997 99 The Don River Improvements. (Further amount authorized, but not yet issued, 0125,000) 574,991 80 The Island Breakwater repairs 99,995 40 The Esplanade 921,896 57 Railway Aid. (Further amount [renewal] authorized but not yet issued, $113,000) 1,030,717 81 Public Schools. (Further amount authorized but not yet issued, 056,500) 1,204,739 01 Oollegiate Institutes 179,035 04 L oarate Schools 50,696 98 Industrial Schools 64,206 51 Public Library 60,496 80 Rosedale Ravine Sewer 137,497 95- King Street Subway. (Further amount authorized, but not yet issued, 0102,988) 127,216 64 Queen Street Subway. (Further amount authorized, but not yet issued, 027,012) 16,000 CO Horticultural Gardens Property 50,499 38 Public Parks Improvement 145,349 86 Water- Works. (The Annual Interest and Sinking Fund charges on this debt, and the maintenance of the Department are covered by revenue from water rentals) 3,732,287 32 Ashbridge's Bay improvements (amount authorized but not yet issued, 0140,000). 011,099,131 36 2. The City's share of cost of local improvement works : (a) Previous to the consolidation of the City debt in 1889 1,068,262 59 (b) Since consolidation 01,360,357.84 (c) ♦♦ " Street Railway pavements 1,067,728.67 ■ , 2,428,086 41 3,486,349 00 3. Local Improvement Debt analyzed as follows : (o) Sewers $ 1,86.5,662 58 (6) Roadways 2,375,678 37 (c) Bridges 112,446 35 (ri) Street openings, etc 878,248 36 (e) Sidewalks 550,996 07 6,782,831 73 Total bonded debt 020,368,312 09 Less sinking fund on hand, 3lBt Dec, 1894 3,693,600 27 Net bonded debt 016,674,811 82 The following is a summarized statement of Debenture Debts and Sinking Funds on December Slst, 1894, compiled from the City Treasurer's annual statement : OlasB. General Debt. City Yorkville Brockton .... Parkdale Local Improve *Oity's share.. Ratepayers' share Yorkville .... Brockton .... Parkdale Gross Debt. c. 10,675,373 36 133,039 00 8,000 00 282,719 00 11,099,131 36 MENT Debt : 3,486,349 00 5,362,108 66 40,266 00 10,207 00 380,250 07 9,269,180 73 Sinking Funds. Cash. 9 250,551 13 62,695 60 313,246 73 290,199 51 500,403 63 161,080 64 951,683 78 Investments. 9 0. 269,468 40 21,208 93 290,677 33 136,441 87 1,938,990 40 62,460 16 2,137,892 43 Total. c. 520,019 53 83,904 53 603,924 06 426,641 38 2,439,394 03 223,540 80 3,089,576 21 Net Debt. c. 10,296,392 83 198,814 47 10,495,207 30 '.<■■■'. 3,059,707 62 2,963,187 63 156,709 27 6,179,604 52 ,■; SUMMARY. General. Local Improvement Street Railway. Tnt-al < i .. '• Gross Debenture Debt 3l8t December, 1894. . . Add authorized but not yet issued $ c. 11,099,131 36 1,224,500 00 $ c. 8,201,452 33 $ c. 1,067,728 57 $ c. 20,368,312 26 1,224,500 00 Totsl issued and auth'ized 12,323,631 36 8,201,452 33 1,067,728 57 21,592,812 26 Net General Debt 31st December, 1894 ,.. 10,495,207 30 10,495,207 30 «,-■■■ Net Local Improvement Debt, 31st Deo. 1894. . 5,187,767 62 ^ Net Street Railway Debt (special) 31st Dec, 1894 991,836 90 ) 6,179,604 52 Total net Debenture Debt 10,495,207 30 5,187,767 62 991,836 90 16.674,811 82 "Incluaive of Street Railway permanent pavement debt, $1,067,728.67. •^ ^ . .. ^^. ' '''y,^'" ' ■ From the foregoing it will be seen that the total amonnt at credit of the various sinking Funds is $3,693,500, which is reported as follows : Cash deposited in banks $1,264,930 61 . Invested in securities (also deposited in banks) 2,428,669 76 Total as above $3,693,600 27 > GENERAL OBSERVATIONS BY TREASURER. While the volume of the debt is large, the sinking funds annually set apart pursuant to Statute will be sufficient to pay off the Debentures as they mature, save and except the debentures authorized to be renewed under the several Con- solidation Acts. During the next ten years about six and a half millions of Local Improve- ment Debentures, including the City's share thereof, will mature and be re- deemed, while the accumulations of Sinking Fund moneys in the meantime, ap- plicable to the eventual reduction of the balance of this debt, will be very large. Of the bonded debt of $20,368,312 about $6,000,000 is held in this coun- try. It is gratifying to know that much of the new debt is of a revenue pro- ducing Jaaracter, and of short terms of maturity. The Interest vA Sinking Fund rates on the debt created for the constiuction of Street Railway perma- nent pavements, $1,067,000, form no charge on taxation, but are met out of rev- enue received from the Street Railway Franchise, which is specially applied to this purpose according to Statute. While our short-dated Local Improvement bonds are not looked upo^ with so much favor by investors, and consequently not so readily negotiated as the long-term bonds, there is the advantage of earlier maturity. ,' CITY ASSETS AND REVENUESJ In considering the city debt, the value of the property and other asa^^ts possessed by the city should not be overlooked. The estimated value of this property, not including non-available assets, is over $12,000,000, and a large amount of itisrevenne producing. The water lots owned by whe city, the walks and gardens and other leasehold property, with the Market Block, afford an an- nual revenue of abjut $85,000, which will increase from year to year as the leases mature and are renewed. There is a substantial increase of revenue de- rived from rentals of city property. The differences between the City and the Canadian Pacific Railway Company having been satisfactorily adjusted, that company is now under a rental of $11,000 per annum for the property known as the "Alternative Site," and we will receive $5,500 from Yonge Street Wharf, making a total increase of $16,500 from rentals. This year a number of leases of Island properties, the rent under which is now at nominal figures, will fall in. These will be renewed at higher figures, and the revenue from this source will be largely increased. Say the total revenue from the city properties, exclusive of the Water- Works, is about $100,000, and at four per cent, represents a capi- tal of $2,500,000. In addition, the city derives a revenue from licenses. Police Court fines, market and weigh house fees, the street railway and telephone ser- vices (exclusive of that derived from the Water- Works), of about $236,000. The estimated revenue this year from the Water- Works is $445,700. The following is a summary of the [Cash Receipts and Disbursements of the City of Toronto for the financial year ending 31st December, 1894 : f H - J . • 1 > " s- y . . , . . . . • • -. ti •'• Receipts. Bell Telephone Co., percentage of receipt* 9 7,8B3 42 Oharitable grants, auodry donations r. 3,677 75 City official fees 1,858 90 Oontractora' depositi 63,000 26 Debentures sold 1,161,670 32 Esplanade property (Yonge Street Wharf rental) 7,100 00 Firemen's Benefit Fund 2,771 62 Industrial Exhibition Association, interest on moneys adyanoed 10,390 00 Jail, Government and Oounty grants Law Department, sundry deposits refunded Licenses : General $23,313 90 Liquor 34,244 73 8.077 01 2,600 00 57,658 1,707 11,166 63 48 15 75 97 Local Board of Health, sundry fees Local Improvements, sundry amounts charged to various services (contra) Market fees and sundry receipts 20,608 Police Court fines and fees 11,774 Property rentals and sundry receipts 86,896 80 Toronto Railway Co. (new company) : Mileage $58,170 00 '- ' ' Peicentage 76^385 70 134.555 70 Rifle Range tickets (contra) 1,983 46 Schools, Government grant to , 18.618 00 Sinking Funds, interest on deposits, etc 184,981 96 Tax Sale Commission, commission on landis sold for arrears of taxes 1,943 91 Taxes 3,000,239 06 Water- Works Department : Rates, including City water supply $445,218 46 Special services, etc 4,231 fVj Weigh House fees Works Department : Sale of material, labor, etc $11,149 47 Private drains , 8,714 42 449,460 5,920 19,863 8,012 Sundry small amounts, summarized Sundry Banks, 3lBt December, 1894 499,301 13 19 89 93 95 Total receipts from all sources $5,772,412 12 Add, Cash on hand and in Banks, 1st January, 1894 1,321,901 72 17,094,313 84 Disbursements. Advances, Banks Administration of Justice Advertising, printing and stationery Assessment Department Charitable and other grants Civic investigation '. Commiesion Contractors' deposits refunded Claims for damages '. Crematories maintenance Debentures redeemed Debenture sales expenses Election expenses $7,942 10 (Manhood Suffrage Act) 3,072 67 «( (( $814,654 11 32.795 03 10.955 29 17,802 83 105,447 88 6,683 46 4,142 22 67,624 25 22,033 21 12,084 09 541,321 61 5,757 77 11,014 IT anHHSR^ ; ^ 10 \\ ■>!•>?,:« Esplanade improyemehts Exhibition Park Fire Department : Maintenance $99,167 88 Water, supply 58,147 00 Inqueats and interments Island Park and improvements Interest : On Debenture Debt. $871,884 31 ,. Bank loans 33,046 30 II Deposits held by order of Court 1,839 16 Jail Lake Shore Road Arbitration Law expenses Library, Public License Department Local Board of Health $15,421 61 Isolation Hospital Maintenance $9,25143 II II building and furnishing 3,416 47 12,667 90 II II Disinfecting Station 2,052 01 40,094 69 18,123 51 167,314 88 2,272 05 9,831 92 906,769 76 23,619 67 4,970 57 24,059 34 27,132 CO 4,258 59 Markets : * Maintenance $22,376 49 Alterations St. Lawrence Market Shops 2,342 00 Ground rent Cattle Market Annex 2,600 00 Miscellaneous disbursements and smaller items summarized $16,321 90 Miscellaneous, members of Council, remunerations 7,636 51 Police Court fines and fees refunded Police Department Property : City and County Building (new) $306,608 94 City Registry Office, maintenance 1,848 66 City Registry Office, enlargement 3,930 34 Central Fire Hall 1,627 44 Pablic Buildings, general repairs 18,316 87 Fuel, gas, water, re City Buildings 6,731 12 Esplanade and City Docks 979 79 $30,141 55 27,317 49 23,958 41 5,305 32 231,261 90 Parks and avenues, exclusive of Exhibition and Island Parks Reception of distinguished visitors Beconsolidation of Statutes relating to City of Toronto Rifle Ranges (new) : Building account $2,412 51 Ticket account (contra) 1 ,983 45 Salaries, municipal, Schools : Public Schools $374,327 00 High Schools 35,400 00 Separate Schools 34,275 00 Public Schools, building account 50,000 00 Sinking fund investments. Street lighting Parks lighting $135,130 87 2,662 61 Toronto Street Railway Arbitration (old) 339,943 16 29.823 17 3,190 68 1,897 80 4,395 96 59,903 66 495,002 01 208,603 21 137,793 48 2,200 86 / » 1 — r m [^ •4. M Water Works Department : , ,,;.;; , MaintenaDoe $173,046 64 , Extensions and additions to works. ..... 74,625 62 New pumping engines 55,307 77 $302,980 03 Bating and Revenue Branch 24,794 98 Works Department : Sundry works and services $287,018 15 ^ Local improvement works 247,699 99 Private drains 8,282 56 Street cleaning $56,753 72 „ watering 47,633 23 Scavengering 62,042 64 156,429 59 Toronto Railway pavements 111,787 80 327,775 Oa ^ '•-.-t' 811,218 09 Total disbursements for all purposes, 1894 $5,610,145 23 Add, Cash on hand and in banks, 31st December, 1894 1,484,168 61 $7,094,313 84 Collection o^ Civic Revenues A considerable number of citizens prefer to pay their taxes at the City Treasurer's Office rather than to the different "Ward Collectors. Out of the total amount received up tho end of December last on account of 1894, over forty • per cent, (upwards of $l,000,OoO) was paid at the City Hall, thus adding largely to my work and responsibility, and to the duties of my staff. Although such a large sum was paid at the City Treasurer's Office, the time of the Tax Collectors was fully occupied serving the bills within the time prescribed by Statute, at- tending to their offices during the appointed hours, looking up delinquents and collecting the arrears. The taxes of 1894 amounted to $3,12.3,266, of which, at the close of the year, only 1 7 per cent, remained uncollected. Corporation rentals amounted to $85,829, of which only 6 per cent, remained unpaid, and less than l\ per cent, of water rates is in ar^'ear for the past year. This speaks well for the citizens of Toronto, and the officers of the Department entrusted with the collection of civic revenues. THE ESTIMATES. / ? The Estimates are divided into two sections— Section I. relating to capital expenditures, and expenditures to be met out of special receipts ; and Section IT. to works and services to be provided for out of our rent revenue and tax- ation. The total sum to be dealt with is near five millions of dollars, set out as follows : ' ' Section I.— Items to be provided for by special receipts $1,865,400 00 Section II. — Again sub-divided into : . Sub-Sbction 1. — Uncontrollable Expenditure. Sub-Section 2. —Controllable Expenditure . . . .$1,770,297 00 . 1,290,661 00 uiJ. 3,060,958 00 Total as above ...........!.......»...... $4,926,358 00 12 r, r The items in Section I. deal with maturing debentures to be redeemed and debentures to be issued for local improvement works and services and for Street Railway permanent pavements, etc. Under this head are also set out the esti- mated expenditures for local improvements during 1895, to be provided for by debentures in 1896, and the charges on the local improvement debt, the latter being protected by the special assessments under the several By-laws in that behalf. The items in Sub-Section 1 of Section II., termed " UncontroUabe Expen- diture," relate to matters of absolute requirement, such as the Interest, Sinking Fund, and other charges incident to the maintenance of the civic credit in rela- tion to its General Debenture Debt ; charges permanently fixed by By-law or Acts of Parliament, such as those connected with the administration of Justice, the removal of lunatics and the holding of inquests, the maintenance of the Police Force, the Jail, the Public, High, Separate and Technical Schools, the Industrial Schools for boys and girls, the Children's Aid Society, the Public Library, and the Local Board of Health, for which the City raises the revenue required on the requisitions of these Boards as Special Corporations. (See de- tailed statements in Treasurer's report.) It will thus be seen that the Estimates, so far as the requirements under both the sections referred to are concerned, are virtually " uncontrollable," and it is over the items of Sub-Section 2 of Section II., about a fourth of the whole, that the Council has effective control. Notwithstanding a reduction in many items, the aggregate amount of reve- nue other than taxation steadily increases from year to year. In 1894 the amount estimated was $777,092, including Street Railway receipts, while for 1895 it is $809,002. Rentals of City property (referred to elsewhere) is $100.- 000, the amount for 1894 having been $85,829. Street Railway mileage and percentage show an increase from $136,000 to $140,000, the sum of $131,651 being deducted for charges on Street Railway pavement debentures. Water-Works rentals are estimated at $445,700, or $9,300 more than the amount estimated for 1894. Street Railway. Attention is drawn to the items of Uncontrollable Expenditure under the heading " Street Railway Debt," requii'ed to meet the annual charges on the debentures issued on account of the old Toronto Street Railway Company for the purpose of constructing pavements on the track allowances, as follows : (1) On Local Improvement Bunds, issued prior to theagreemeot of Jan., 1889 $12,835 00 (2) On Bonds for pavements completed bef are, but issued subsequent to said agresment 9,695 05 (3; On Bonds issued for pavements conBtructed subsequent to said agree- ment ; 26,681 62 (4) On Bonds issued by late Town of Parkdale 1,364 64 • ^ $49,576 31 Adding to the above the annual charges on bonds issued for pavements con- structed in 1892, 1893 and 1894, under the several By-laws in that behalf, $131,651, which is a charge upon the Street Railway revenue, the total amount to be provided to cover the charges on the old and new Street Railway Debt is $181,-^27.31. * ^ ■ ■9 : \ 13 K) >5 >2 4 31 n- If, nt is "/' The following statement shows the revenue £rom the Railway Company since the present Company obtained the franchise : Year. 1891 (four months) 1892 1893 1894. 1895 (estimated). . Mileage. $18,134 94 65,134 00 56,340 00 68,170 00 60,000 00 Percentage. $22,967 10 66,239 38 72,231 51 76,385 70 8O,CO0 00 Total. $ 41,102 04 120,373 38 128.574 51 134,555 70 140,000 00 The revenue arising out of percentages payable by companies enjoying a monopoly of public franchises steadily increases from year to year. The Bell Telephone Company will, it is anticipated, pay $8,200, as against $8,000 last year. Street Railway payments are estimated at $140,000, an increase of $3,660 ; but the amount which will go into the general City purse, after paying interest and sinking fund charges on Street Railway debt, will be only $8,349, as against $81,776 Kst year, the construction of many more Street Railway pavements re- quiring that a larger sum be set apart to pay for their cost. The following statement sho\*s the receipts from the Bell Telephone Company since the agreement was entered into in 1891 : 1891 (part of year) $1,172 46 1892 7,303 43 1893 7,465 67 1894 7,883 42 ' Public Schools. The Council granted $50,000, in 18^4, to the Public School Board for new school buildings, raised by a debenturo issue^ with which amount *wenty-five additional rooms were provided. This year the Board asks for $61,500 further for the same purpose. It will be for the Council to say whether the money shall be provided. If I had included the amonnt in the Estimates it would have brought the rate up to nearly seventeen mills. It must be remembered i;hat as additional accommodation is provided the item " rent " decreases. Capital Expenditures Provided by Taxation. Since the refusal of the ratepayers, in 1891, to authorize additions to the debt, it has been the rule to provide out of the year's taxation for some perma- nent works the cost of which, previously, had been met by debenture iesues. In the Estimates of the present year the proposed capitil expenditures amount to over |ths mill, and are as follows : Committee on Works: , j New City fitables $ 3,000 00 . Steam Road Roller 3,500 00 Ramp a', foot of John Street 10,000 00 ■ ■: ,. .(■''.- ■ .H-v-v.- ^.•;; r ., 16,600 00 i m I V '14 ;. Watke Works Branch : '' ^ ■ '-*- •' " ' - ' ^ '" Houie Services f 3;000 00 '^ '' New Engines (No. 5, balance of cost) 27,250 00 Connecting dead ends of water mains 2,000 00 Laying short lengths of mains : 3,000 00 Renewal of water mains '. 3,500 00 Removing main under G. T. R tracks 3,000 00 Borings for proposed tunnel 5,000 00 12-inch diecharge pipe to drain Reservoir 2,116 00 / New water meters 8,000 00 Connections between wells at Main Pumping Station... 500 00 Hose-reel and hose at Main Pumping Station 500 00 < Changing discharge pipe for air pumps for Engines Nos. 1, 2 and 3 1,500 00 Changing furnaces of Nos. 4 and 5 boilers to down- draught system 7,500 CO Re-building of old well in old Engine House 2,500 00 68,365 00 Committee on Property : New Fire Hall on Dundas Street. $5,000 00 St. Lawrence Market alterations 4,000 00 . Additional Dock accommodation on Esplanade, between Bay and York Streets • 1,500 00 10,050 00 Fire and Light Committee : 1 hook and ladder truck, ladders, etc $ 900 00 1 one-horse chemical engine 1,000 00 1 Merry weather steam engine 7,000 00 1 Ronald steam engine 5,000 00 1 water tower 7,0CO 00 4,000 feet of fire hose 3,6C0 00 24,500 00 Committee on Parks and Gardens : Permanent improvements, Exhibition Park $8,158 00 " " Island Park 3,900 00 12,058 00 $131,473 00 Equal to over Itha of a mill on the dollar of assessment. Some variations from the above figures and the rate of taxation were made by the Executive and the Council. ESTIMATES OF EXPENDITURE, 1895. '' ^ ■ ' uncontrollable. Debt Charges : 1895. Estimated. General debt $830,598 Public Schools 04,662 , - ' High Schools 9,973 . ' ' • Separate Schools 2,438 Public Library 2,868 - Old Street Railway : 32,835 923,374 Street Railway permanent pavement expenses Administration of Justice 32,700 Police Department 241,731 Jail / 23,400 Free Library (debt charges above) 27,269 Industrial Schools 15,600 Children's Aid Society (supplementary, 1894) 2,600 I ' : I ' 1 # • 15 / ' ' "/'■''■■ Toronto University $ 6,000 Public Schools (debt charges above; 371,618 " unprovided expenditure, 1893 High Schools (debt charges above) 28,981 Separate Schools " " 32,349 Technical Schools 8,975 Hospitals 25,000 Local Board of Health 15,600 Isolation Hospital Maintenance 10,500 Disinfecting Station Building City Registry Offices Maintenance 1,500 Lake Shore Road Arbitration Provincial Election Manhood Suffrage Registration (supplemen- tary,^ 3894) 3,500 ai,770,297 CONTROLLABLE EXPENDITURE. CONTROLLABLE JBXPEKDITDKB BY COMMITTEES, ETC. 1895 Estimateei. Executive $195,699 Works 569,973 Fire and Light 350,191 Property 77,998 Parks and Gardens 58,400 Oommibsion on Claims 20,000 Civic Investigation 7,500 Street Railway Arbitration 2,200 Members' Remuneration 8,000 Local Improvements (works assumed) 70■ '■ ' $3,060,958 00 SUMMARY : - ^. Uncontrollable Expenditure $1,770,297 00 Controllable Expenditure 1,290,661 00 Total ordinary Expenditure to be provided for $3,060,958 00 GRAND SUMMARY : ^— — — ■ Expenditure met by special assessments $1,865,400 00 From above ; 3,060,958 00 Total Expenditure, 1895. $4,926,358 00 17 r^ it. in '85 100 167 63 15 )er of 00 CO 00 00 00 00 09 O H CQ H g Q *«1 OS CO 09 09 H O I w. 000:09 rHrH $4 9} CO '^ 9 9» ^^m^ o g 4) B s >> =1 « t- © ^ t~ i- o « *i « 80 «o -* « 06 «si ;o 00 OJ oj 55 «s«5« •»s i>a9ScsicoootAt>0»(n9$«{iH^oO94O>to>a t« >Q lACO e<5 «eo»H lH ^ fH iH ^* iH "a «» >OlHOlO©©Q©©©0©©© > t>> CQ m CO CO © )t.e4( eo< eo ©o t^ f^Wi^r cp«©t5g«0Nt-»5>-l<»©©b-CO(NCO©b-5a O t^f-lt>. ©>o© © © t^>0 t»©i-l ?J wooco co^t^ t^iQin ^ - . - - ^iAiAcS CO t^t^to j;e2icr-jrH©«2«>-»ftc6©i-i«oit»h-eoe<5cooo-. » in iH X oj (N ■* f-i iH © ■<»< ic ■»»• OS t- Tt< 00 00 oi oooois fe- iH 00 c cp t^ w CO 00 so eo Qc OS •^ »i? 05 'I" eo©t- 00 iH eo CO ic >-i iH eo OS iH o> * t>. t- © 3 ■.os^eOs©i-ieo roo' f-t »-J oiC 3; i-< 00 -- - ^^ t^ ooosos '^coAeo OS t^^^o >-lrHjHiHiHrHiHO^ CI (NCOeO ,;i-i»^Os0»«co®cO'*os oo ^co^ win^t>.eo tH'^ostn iHoo ceoco t-i< "<»<© ©coo © ococo QiOt^t^t-iHr-. eoost:»oococp(Ncoeoi-icOi-i<»osost>.. r1 iH 1-4 T-i *< 0^ 50 10 «©© ++ oi • t^SJOO^^ejeo© ©eooQsoift -^iM^t^-"*"© 1 10 co ©t-ffj ''©tf9©i^OS'^»<©l>.eOC50t>.00000'*©^(M(M 00 0<1 iH OS t» © r-n« t^ ift CO »o t- la »ft OS CO © i« CO t". »« ^ CO >fl eo©© ift^co t^ooift OS t~«o ©*»©ftQp ©ftsO'i'cc © OS u5cio« iH © iS ■«»^©^w •^i-( t- os^'^^55 9\ai 00 o eo ih^©_^oo t>. oo^io «o »S*fa*'"9?»i«>-<»»H'©Ne9tNr©»oNr-J'.-rco'cogf ©J ©"trOT '^eooo»«©«Q©(Noot~«Qao©©evjt>.osi-i.-H t^.* cp OsOiH T|fn<»«©cot*ososooa5i3oaoos©r-iiHeo'*©os ^ '^„® '^ i-i'i-TiHrHr^iHi-T CT Nffffff ti F^ .^ ^4:1 -«HcMe nlr HCM^ E3iwccj'^'t«nos©t-(>.©«t5«n»ot^©iC'v*^ co ■^^-© 5 l-l l-lrH r-t r-t tW lH Cnsoeot--QO os oocpos eo t^ 00 i-i * cp oc 56 CO OS ^ eo 55 iH so CO eo CO i-( N so ff5*eo rHtN.ao_«o5^«.-<_b-«oo^Os^eo©^eo«o^©«o ^©_^eo 55^ eot-.t- 't>r'^©3'^©ift"<»tC©*©os*V£r95rtNror'^cit>r *f eoeoc^ -©co©©ta<-iotnt^^kn>oosooaoi(5fH?30Q ?o Aeo© t^-'^^. ."^ CO^©^t-^rH in^OS OS i-J^OS^iH ^ »fl © 00^ © ©^00 t>^ ore^"'«j<'eo'©"t>r»>roror©'eo*«ft i^coQo'ffTs'5'ooicrcp r>r i-T©'© wJo'^'**'«t<'*-*"<»'35oi«©coSt-eioos«seo "* lOinBS ! >fi »« 00 1» 00 iH © iH »o -^ '^ eo © eo IN OS -^ «0 1- i-t c^ opqprH Cp^ ^t»0Q cc^o^i-j^as_©^o.^TH^*_*'*t'.os^©__aoos««ft^6q>jo^O!i_ © rHh- 55^ oTco'^tdo ©'orco''^'©*Os'ift'eo©'e5r^ortC^*io' tC ■^cpcT ^*5©oo©^*i-ioob-»OrHw5os^©eo__;^'* ih »-toos t^oo*c4'os'ororoo'ooo(rooo>or©rHiHi-Te^eo*eo-«i'' in lo'eo"*! jH r-t tH IH i-l IH rH iH 1-4 »H i-l iH iH ot-'^Q©^aQiaiHooi5iHt«wco©iAO>b. *^ ©oooo ^« os^ao »S_ft t- 5i M © i-j^os w 00 'i'^'*^^ i^os •* oo^ ost^oo ?lSwc000>Q<-ie4«Q^M©t~aQ90 1-4 gSiSC X XX wooxoo w V>959i w w w woDoooD 00 00 oo xxx S g ^'■r, 0) o 111 It 18 SUMMARIZED STATEMENT or DEBENTURE DEBTS AND SINKING FUNDS 3l8t December, 1894.. Class Gross Debt. Sinking Fund. Total. Net Debt. Cash. Investments. General Debt : City $ c. 10,676,373 36 133,039 00 8,000 00 282,719 00 8 c. i 250,551 13 62,695 60 8 c. 269,468 40 21,208 93 9 0. 620,019 53 83,904 53 9 c. Yorkville Brockton Parkdale 10,296,392 83 198,814 47 V ' ■ -f i^^- ■ 11.099,131 36 313,246 73 290,677 33 603,924 06 10,495,207 30 Local Improve- ment Debt . City's Share.... R'tep'yers' Share Yorkville Brockton Parkdale 3,486,349 00 6,352,108 66 40,266 on 10,207 00 380,250 07 290,199 61 ■ 600,403 63 161,080 64 136,441 87 1,938,990 40 62,460 16 426,641 38 2,439,394 03 223,540 80 3,059,707 62 2,965,187 63 156,709 27 9,269,180 73 951,683 78 2,137,892 43 3 039,576 21 6.179,604 52 STREET RAILWAY SPECIAL. (Included in City's Share Local Improvk- MENT Debt.) Gr.^M Daht Sinking Fund. Total. Npt Dabt Cash. Investments. $ c. 1,067,728 57 8 c. 75,891 67 $ c. 8 c. 76,891 67 $ c. 991,836 90 SUMMARY. • General. Local Improvement. Toronto Street R'y. Total. Gross Debenture Debt, 3l8t December, 1894.. Add, Authorized but not yet issued 8 c. 11,099,131 36 1,224,600 00 9 c. 8,201,462 33 1,067,728 67 ■: - f 8 c 20,368,312 26 1,224,500 00 ized 12,323,631 36 8,201,462 33 1,067,728 57 21,692,812 26 Net General Debt, 31st December, 1894 810,495,207 30 " Local Improvement Debt, 31st December, 1894 86,187,767 62 " Toronto Railway Debt, Special 991,836 90 6,179,604 62 Total Net Debenture Debt $16,674,811 82 H .?' 4' 19 SYNOPSIS OF GENERAL DEBENTURE DEBT. J . y -* > V •'>' Maturing. City. Yorkville. Brockton. Parkdale. Total. 1895 0. 207,370 26 417,073 33 911,593 24 137,646 66 % 0. 45,000 00 30,000 00 8,467 00 10,932 00 30,000 00 4,650 CO 4,030 00 % 0. % 0. 9 0. 262,370 26 1896 8,000 00 456.073 33 1897 920,060 24 166,478 66 1898 8,000 00 1893 2,600 00 32,600 00 4,660 00 190L 1902 4,000 CO 1903 10,000 00 14,500 00 12,300 00 6,00 > 00 29.409 00 • 43,860 00 16,050 00 30,000 00 17,000 00 10,000 CO 16,000 00 10,000 00 1904 600,060 00 614,560 00 1905 12,300 00 1906 899 846 66 903,846 66 1907 29,409 00 1908 43,860 00 1909 16,050 00 30,000 00 1911 1912 17,000 00 1913 150,00J CC 160 000 00 1914 15.000 00 1915 18,000 00 18,030 00 10,000 00 lo.fioo 00 1916 19J7 20,000 00 20,000 00 20,000 00 1919 581,674 64 163,957 94 157,914 66 162,798 00 168,608 83 864,003 67 828,480 70 3,597,880 03 251,980 72 36S.143 87 216,540 15 601,674 64 1921 163,957 94 1922 157,914 Cd 1923 152,798 00 1924 ' 168,503 83 1925 864,003 67 1928 828,480 70 1929 3,597,880 03 1930 251,980 72 1931 988,143 87 1932 216,640 16 Less : Sinking Funds on hand 10,675,373 36 133,039 OO 8,000 00 282,719 00 11,039,131 36 603,924 06 Net Debt 10,495,207 30 Authorized but not issued, $1,224,500, inclusive of $600,000 for new City and County Buildings, making total Dabt $12,323,631.36, bonded and authorized. Note — The Debentures all bear Coupons for interest, payable semi-annually. Loans issued prior to 1889 are renewable for forty years on maturity. All other loans are redeemable on maturity, since 1889, $4,434,544. SUMMARY. ' Sterling i&8ue8(£2,167,415 3a. Id. sterling) $ 10,4i8,087 02 Currency iaaues 227,286 34 $10,676,373 36 Renewable at maturity Redeemable $6,090,828 59 4,584,544 77 $10,675,373 36 lasuea bearing intereat at 6 per cent. $3,173,490 15 '« '• 5 " 677,143 93 •♦ " 4 •' 2,422,011 46 " " 3i *' 4.402,727 77 $10,676,373 36 1 ; It s 1 20 ' SYNOPSIS OF LOCAL IMPROVEMENT DEBENTURE DEBT. w ! I Maturiho. City's Share City. Ratepayers' Share. Yorkville. $ 0. 1,098 00 1,174 fO 145.40 00 21,526 00 Brockton. a 0. Parkdalo. Total. 1895 a 148,181 36 219,529 81 248,024 52 54,715 70 233,563 91 270,447 64 180,499 71 352,969 16 214,286 86 682,610 28 29,024 46 32,113 27 18,749 57 4,079 27 126,959 65 155,416 72 171,150 51 59,003 16 1,140 00 80 00 61,662 42 22,036 26 38,186 66 29,768 33 25,652 93 54,730 02 8,449 70 ^ 43,427 30 8 0. 136,736 81 142,434 66 480,491 85 186,718 3i) 686.692 79 733,080 05 581,285 98 390,795 47 171,744 57 •125,8ri6 13 116,980 26 5,643 84 14? 898 22 ll,b.:^ 70 289,249 69 543,160 31 621,645 07 165 540 26 8,998 20 213 45 9 0. 10,362 60 67.134 53 76,875 78 109,513 99 25,412 22 41,321 64 9 c. 296 378 73 1896 430,273 00 821,939 15 380,674 04 945 658 92 1897 1898 1899 2,007 00 8,200 00 1900 1.044,849 23 761,785 69 653,764 63 401.761 60 1801 1902 1903 1,928 00 13,792 17 7,277 18 10,932 38 6,175 00 1904 816,743 59 156,937 09 43 932 1 1 1906 1906 1907 161.647 79 1908 7,284 38 4,168 24 23,306 35 420.377 68 1909 1910 698,577 03 692.795 58 1911 1912 224,643 42 1913 10.138 20 1915 293 45 1919 61 562 42 1920 22.036 26 1921 38.186 66 1922 29,768 33 1923 26,652 93 1924 54,730 02 1928 8,449 70 1929 H 43.427 30 Less : Sinking FundB on hand . . . 3,486,349 17 5,352,108 66 40,266 00 10,207 00 380,250 07 9,269,180 90 3,089,576 21 Net Debt.. 6,179,604 69 IsBues bearing Interest at 6 per cent 9 288,646 00 608.693 19 70,608 03 4,384.16144 «< tt 5 ti (f l( ^ (( ««' (C 4 t( 'rm >•• f 'i 35,352,108 66 ) , ' ':■* . ■ \ I ' 21 . ■. m . \ - •' , ^ ■ ■ ■ ' -• . ,-. ■, \ SUMMARY OP LOCAL IMPROVEMENTS. Sbwbrs ^1,865,562 68 Roadways ; Wooden ^1,437,542 83 Stone 25,329 00 . . Cobble 13,077 88 ,;.:,.; Maoadam and Granite 21,760 33 Wood and Stone 11,637 29 ', Wood and Cobble 79,726 78 , -., Wood and Gravel 3,067 29 Asphalt 669,353 13 Asphalt and Stone 7,877 19 Toronto Street Railway 106,225 66 2,376,678 37 Bridges : Iron Bridges and Subways $90,474 14 - * • Bridge and Grading 21,972 21 112,446 35 Streets : Extension $539,892 62 Opening 78,015 19 ' Widening 149,292 02 ; Extension and Widening 23,164 03 . , Grading, etc 16,37186 Opening and Widening 3,31 3 40 Straightening 23,448 61 %^ General Street Improvement, Parkdale 44,750 74 878,248 36 SiDBWALKS : Wooden.:. $275,112 86 StoneFlag 132,578 50 ,. Granolithic 67,267 74 ' Eureka 34,141 17 Excelsior 28,525 82 - , Asphalt 13,380 48 660,996 07 $6,782,831 73 TAXATION. (By the Compiler.) Taxation for 1895, $2,312,148.00, at the rate of 16^ mills on $, or assessments of $146,338,600. For year 1896, $141,500,000. i '.■ ■^5 Uncontkollablb Expenditure: Interest, schools, justice, etc $1,770,297 Uncontrollable expenditure 1,290,661 Received from special receipts other than water rates,, etc 1,866,400 Total expenditure . . ... ....... $4,926,358 Above sums $1,770,297 •• 1,290,661 Taxation $2,312,148 Other receipts from water rates, rents, etc... 748,810 $3,060,958 -$3,060,958 rmm-vrmm ^^ f^. m^^m'mtmmm!^ 42 Spkcial Uicbipts : Debentures lold 11,161,672 Interest on linking fundi 184,981 Local improyements, debentures, etc 628,747 -11,805,400 9 4,026,368 Total Dcbt : General gross debt, 3lst D«c., 1894 $20,368,312 Authorized interest paid 1,124,600 Total $21,692,812 1894, Dec. 31st, net general debt $10,496,207 " " net local " 5,187,767.' " " net Street Railway debt 991.836 Total net debt $16,674,811 Sinting Fuid 3,693,600 GroBS debt as above $20,368,311 Grosh General Debt : « 1804, D.C.31; Dubt $11,009,131 '• ♦' Street Railway 1,007,728 Tatal Debenture Debt $12,166,859 Local lMPaovBM«NT Dbbt : 1894, Dec. 31, Gross Local Debt $8,201,462 Cash Djposited in BAtiks. $1,204,931 Investei in City Dobentures 2,428,569 Bearing an average rate of 3^ per cent. Interest. $3,09i,500 In other words, the City owes itself nearly $2,r)00,000, or now about $3,000 000, If the City's credit were l-js*:-, and their Debentures had to be sold, they would stand on a par with a new issue, and ba in no better position. A sinking Fund is being provided to m?et thorn ; and the interest payable upon them yearly is to that extent a payment out of the right hand into the left. The outstanding Debentures in the hands of outside holders, are no better secu- rity than without the S nking Fund, unless it should be said the Debentures are to th> extent of their value collateral, and to that 'extent would make a per- centage of the deficieacy in vilue, in case the General Debentares diminiiihed in ▼alue. The actual security for the Debt, apart from taxation, is abundan*:, equal to $19,493,.51.'5i-; although the annual Revenue from Real Estate would n>t be equal to the Interest. Take the General Gross Debt, $12,166,859. Bedwci Sinking Fwid :. ...i.. ...?.. $3,093,500 Deduct Water- Works Debentures Dobt, which pays ' Revenue, $449,450 a year, or more than 8 percent., and covers all expenditure 3,732,287 - Deduct Street Railway Dubt, which pays $140,000 a year, or more than 7 per cent 1,067,728 Deduct Siiikiiig Fund Interest, $184,981, more than 6 per cont on 3,673,344 $12,166,869 23 ^- ., TheHe items are nil outside uf taxation, and may le regarded au cont'nuuuH, and increasing from year to year. This security for the debt, with the actual assessed value of available Ileal Estate (which does not include pnrkft, n.arketH, and ether ornamental or necestsary propeity), equal to $12,000,000, inuke a security, •• gilt edged," both as to the Principal and Interest. • Leave the Interest on the Sinking Funa, the Water Works, the rates being, nevertheless, a species of Taxation, and the Street Railway Revenues, as being equivalent to the debt, there still remains the demand for annual general pur- poses to be met. We would then start without a General Del t. We have, then, to look for the means to meet the demands for the G< nfrnl Purpo3(s of the C ty. The requirement; for the General debt was |830,598. This is already provided, and is now left out. The Uncontrollable charges, apart from that sum, are $939,699 Co.NTROLLABLB EXPBNDITUKE : Works $609,973 LoM waer 327,776 $242,198 Other Expenditure 720,688 $ 962,888 $1,902,675 Receipts from rarious sources 285,661 $1,617,014 Various expenditures 400,274 ';, ' • $2,017,288 ' ' This sum of $2,017,288, I make out as necessary to be raised by taxation. The actual amount raised for 1895 wts $2,312,864, a difference of $295,576. Fifteen mills on the* assessment, $141,500,00 >, for next year, would produce $2,122,500. If the Sinking Fund were utilized, as it ought to be in the present emergency, that amount ought to be substantially reduced. During the year 1879, by Ont. Stat. 42 Vic. Chap. 75, (see also 52 Vic. (1889) Chap. 74) under an emergency of a similar character to the present, the Council of that year — the first year I was Mayor — reduced the Sinking Fund to three-quarters of one per cent., and gave a lien on certain city properties specified. The amount of debt to which the city was limited was $6,000,000, which might be increased after the assessment was $50,000,000 by eight per cent, of the increase from time to time. That Act seemingly requires amend- ments to meet the difficulties of the present situation. The general line to fol- low, and the general result would be as follows : Take the General Gross Debt $1 1,099,131 - From which deduct part of the Sinking Fund 2,099,131 Leaving a debt of $ 9,000,000 ' The total Sinking Fund amounts to $3,693,500 Deduct above 2,099,1 31 Surplus $1,594,369 to pay for water-works and trunk sewer. Strictly speaking, in the General Debt, the Sinking Fund already provided is only $603,924 ; the balance, $3,089,576, being provided against the Local Improvement Gross Debt, $9,269,- t.i J I ) I' n. 24 So much by way of general illus- 180, leaving the Local Debt $6,179,604. tration, however. The justification for this course is the necessity of the case, and the, fact that th^ $9,000,000 General Debt would be collaterally secured by the lands of the city, anc^jf course ultimately by general taxation. It was done somewhat in the same way before, and for ten years the city advanced rapidly. Deduct the whole Sinking Fund from the $11,099,131 ' Say 3,693,500 Leaving the Debt $ 7,405,631 or otherwise cancel the City's Debentures, held for the Sinking Fund, and let the debt be the actual amount (secured by the City collaterals), and raise money as required for Water- Works, &c. This course is unnecessary, as there is on hand, in cash, $1,264,930. If the Sinking Fund were invested in outside securities, there might be some reason to object 'to such a course ; but as the City owes the Sinking Fund, what good reason can there not be to make the best use of it, especially as the holders of the Debentures are no worse off, except in one very unlikely event, the Insolvency of the City, when those Debentures would be, to the extent of their value, a source of revenue to meet any deficiency in the value of the direct Debentures held by the creditors. They have available assets, or should have, in such case, to the amount at the present of $12,000,000, with a reasonable prospect of improvement, and they never lose the recourse to a gen- eral levy on all the citizens' property. With the Special and General security, there is no need of providing a Sinking Fund for at least five or ten years ; and on a share of the Debt, the Sinking Fund should not commence to be accumu- lated for at least ten or may be twenty years On all permanent outlays this course should be adopted ; the interest only to be provided for annually. There might then be a saving in general terms on items as follows : Jail and Hoiiss of Refuge ..... $ 163,129 City Hall and Court House, say 1,649,992 Drill Shed Sites. Garrison Creek Sewer .... Don River Improvements. Island Breakwater Esplanade R ulway Aid 1 ,143,717 Public Schools 1.259,739 Collegiate Institutes. . . . Sf pirate Schools Industrial " Public Library Roscdale Ravine Sewer King Street Subway... Quoen Street '' Horticultural Gardens. Public P*rks Water Works ; 3,732,287 Ashbrid^re's Bay 140.000 Cit} 's Share of Local Improvements 3,486,349 111,589 214,997 699,991 98,995 921,896 179,035 50,696 54,206 60,4fl«) 137,4fi7 230,204 42,012 60,490 145,349 , 814,373,665 Why should the present inhabitants be forced now to pay this debt, a debt incurred for the items indicated, every one of which will serve the purposes of the City for from thirty to one hundred years or more ? h ■• \ 25 illus> W(jr--W -r ^ y » I -> » ♦ % > i 1 r , ' r a debt OSes of i, DEDUCTIONS FROM TAXATION. f of one per cent $109,30»* Interest on the difference in the Debt, if readjusted amounting to $5,573,665, at four per cent 222,946 The "Consolidated Secured Debentures" should be renewed from time to time as they may mature ; stating in them when a Sinking Fund will com- mence, and at what rate. Have no short-date Debentures. They will sell bet- ter and be more sought after at long dates, and in such case the interest should be as low as possible, but sufficient to make them freely saleable. A limit to the extent of the debt should be a part of Legislation necessary to authorize such an adjustment. There might be specific debts named, such as the Water- Works, the Railway Aid and Street Railway, amounting in themselves to $8,210,472, or nearly the total General Debt, as readjusted. Add to the deductions above .....; $332,248 15 mills on the dollar on exemptions $20,000,000 = 300,000 Or one-quarter of the general annual taxation as at present assessed and imposed, namely $2,312,148.- $632,248 >; -* LOCAL IMPROVEMENTS DEBT. , v The gross local debt is $9,269,180. The policy of late years has been to force the payments for local improvements as fast as possible. There is no prac- tical sense in this procedure. Why should the owners of property having an asphalt or permanent roadway, be obliged to pay, on the local improvement principle, in five years, when the roadway may last twenty years. There ought to be some reasonable discrimination in this matter. Why should the property owners be obliged to pay $3,919,773, or nearly four millions, or one half of the whole Local Debt in the next five years 1 There is an injustice in this that ought to be remedied. The interest on this for five or even ten years, without any Sinking Fund, would be burden enough, and, in view of the nature of the work, reasonable enough. In the next five years thereafter, nearly $3,000,000 mature, and the next seven years thereafter, nearly $2,500,000. The Gross Debt is $9,269,180 Sinking Fund 3,089,576 Net Debt $6,179,604 The General Debt should be adjusted on its own basis, with a Sinking Fund of only $603,924. At all events the Local Improvement Debt must get the benefit of the Sinking Fund as above paid in on that account. A postponement of the maturing debentures for new periods of years, extending over ten to twenty years, with no Sinking Fund for five years, would be a marked relief to the property owners. The debentures have the direct security of all the pro- perty benefited by the improvements, and the ultimate guarantee of the city, which gives the bonds, and becomes the collector for the holders of the de- bentures The deduction of the Sinking Fund rate for five years, then to be distribu- ted over ten or fifteen years more, would be a noticeable relief, and ease off the burdens of the present owners, under the present depressed state of real estate values. The present holders of the debentures would be just as safe, and they would not be under any obligation to purchase the new ones, and yet there is no 26 HT V ' I I I I I I j reason to doubt the saleable character of the debentures on any market, when it would be well known they were backed by such direct local secuiity, and by the whole city guarantee. The system of local improvements would also require to be put on its original footing, requiring the property owners to initiate by peti- tion for the work, and not have it started in the engineer's office by the petitiou of a few interested parties, whose interests would not necessarily coincide with the general owners of the property to be encumbered. The Sinking Fund rate for the next five years, by a rough estimate, would reach a large sum, and if removed would on each tax bill be a marked deduction. This would help the owners out of their burdens, and do no substantial harm to any one. The total Local Debt is $9,269,180 Sinking Fund for same 3,089,576 Leaving city to collect debt 16,179,604 Strictly speaking this debt ought to get now the benefit of the whole Sink- ing Fund provided to meet it. It ought to get more. It is not equitable nor just that the inhabitants of a certain street, say Jarvis street, which has become one of the most used thoroughfares in the city, by all classes, and from both country and city, should not only construct an asphalt pavement and stone side- walk, or one equally as good, and also pay their share of keeping it in repair. The least that ought to be done for them is to exempt them from the annual repair account, and that would only be a minor advantage in such case. Substantial justice, taking the facts as they are, is all that can be hoped for. Justice in the particular, or justice in specified cases, cannot be done in the general. Exact justice is out of the question. In the present condition- of affairs the correct position would be instead of deducting the Sinking Fund from the General Debt, deduct it from the present Local improvement Debt, and change it to the General Debt ; and then the account would stand as follows : Gross General Debt $11,099,131 Less Sinking Fund for same. 603,926 Net General Debt $10,495,207 Local Improvement Debt $9,269,180 ; Lesr Sinking Fund for it 3,089,576 $6,179,604 Total net Debenture Debt '. $16,674,81 1 The Local Debt — $6,179,600— must ultimately be paid by the local rate- payers and city as to its share of same. The General Debt would then be equal to $13,584,783 And Local Improvements 3,090,028 Total debt of City $16,674,81 1 ' Less always when paid by the local Ratepayer and City on the improvements 6,179,604 Total General Debt $10,495,207 Deduct the Local Debt and Total Debt is $13,584,783, just about double the debt of fifteen years ago. The population then, according to the Dominion Census, was 86,415, and in 1890, ten years after, it was 181,220, and now, in . i -f > r^ ! V « I T 27 f > ■A ■ .V' 1895, say 190,000, an increase of over 115 per cent., while the debt, on the above basis, has increased from 15,853,915 to $13,584,783, 132 per cent. 'The population has nearly kept pace with the debt. The assessment in 1880 was $50,170,899, and the rate of taxation, 17 mills in the dollar; and in 1890, the assessment was $136,887,328, and the rate \\\ mills in the dollar; and for 1895, the assessment was $14P, 338,600, and the rate 16^ mills in the dollar. The assessment has increased in the 15 years past $96,167,- 439 ; or, taking the assessment made in 1895, $142,500,000, over $90,000,000 increase. The debt, in round numbers, has only more than doubled, while the assessment has nearly trebled, and the rate of taxation is nearly the same. The system of assessing values, as at present, up to nearly the highest point, is dif- ferent to the old system, when possibly two-thirds or three-quarters' of the value was then only assessed. The above tifture? show that creditors need not be alarmed. When against that General Debt, available city assets of $12,000,000 are put, thr charge on taxation is not more than reasonable and. moderate. The Sinking Fund being a debt now due by the general taxpayers and the local improvement taxpayers, and as the Sinking Fund is invested in City Debentures, lying in a bank safe, what difference does it make ? If the Sinking Fund Debentures are to be paid when they mature, where is the cash, or the outside securities to realize from, to meet those Debentun s ? It can only be done by a sale of Debentures, or by a greater taxation. Where has the money gone, which the Sinking Fund Debentures represent ? It must have been used up also ! And when, and for what pur- purpose ? The Debentures ate on hand, then sell them and credit the proceeds to the present net Sinking Fund, and do some justite to the local improvement taxpayers. DEBENTURES AUTHORIZED NOT ISSUED. „ City Hall and Couit House % 600,000 Gartison Creek Spw* r , t>O, 9 1.49'.» 28 I I I I LOCAL IMPROVEMENTS — DEBENTURES PAYABLE. From 1896 to 1899 inclusive, Sinking Fund L. I. in $2,578,545 City Debentures 2,428,569 . -, ^ . . ^ 149,976 • Pay off out of Cash Deposits 149,976 This will lift the burden for four years. Cash Deposits $1,264,930 . ' ' Less above sum 149,976 • . ' Cash on hand for water-works, etc $1,114,954 These figures include the city's share as well as the ratepayer's share. This scheme would give the citizen's relief from all Local Improvement taxes for four years. From that time the period for payment should be ex- tended over ten or fifteen years, when all the taxes should be collected to meet all the debentures, even those which do not mature until 19'29, The residue for fifteen years would be .$6,394,258, or an average of $426,284 a year. As now arranged, they run from $815,743 in 1904 down to $293,000 in 1915, and for twelve years, no one year exceeds $61,562 in 1919 (see table). As it is, after the year 1912 the highest figure in one year is $61,562, during ten ve^rs successively, so that after seventeen years new pavements when necessary could be put down. There still remains the readjustment, which would not meet decided objec- tion from the general tax-payer, as distinguished from the local tax-payer ; and that is, merely grant an extension to the local rate-payer, and give him time to breast his present difficulties. Take the first four or five coming years, added to the heavy payments in the next five years, extending the whole, or the residue unpaid of $6,394,258, over 15 years after the first five years, and spreading it over the 15 years, it would require $426,281 and the interest each year to pay off the whole local debt now due. In 20 years the whole debt would be paid, instead ol: requiring 34 years to pay it all, although during the later years the amount now maturing each year is small. Take still another view, and confine the whole adjustment to the local tax- payer, and leave out the City's share altogether. We find the City's share, or corporation share, of the $9,269,180, is $3,486,349, or, say one-third. The City's share for the next ilv'e years is $1,026,268, and the local share is $2,229,415 ; of the yross $9,269,180, the City's share was $3,486,349 ; and the local share was $5,782,831. Against both is the Sinking Fund of $3,089,576. Of this Fund, $2,059,718 is the local tax-payer's, and $1,029,858, is the City's. The $2,059,- 718 would nearly pay the four years, $2,578,544, without any demand on the general tax-payer. Then deal with the residue as previously indicated, or com- mence the payments again ir^ the year 1901. MILEAGE OF SEWEUS AND STREETS. Sewers, total length of 227.74 miler. ' ,, Streets " " 263.48 " Cedar blocks 1 11 . 1(» inileB. ^ r Asphalt ]:;.7(> •' Macadam 3.>.()'> ' / ''' ^ ' , Unpaved 7H.i'8 " - '' Cedar with asphalt 6.3.J •' " " brick. 4 50 *' •' > Otherkinds 1.84 " Sidewalks from 1889 to 1894 inclusive, have bei n constructed, 209 mil. * »i* i> ^' » • ' ? V * t1 '' I y-. > ■ <^- \ s 29 ■A y ii I ■•V * » '* I > i >: -, . I ASSESSMENTS. - '- Lands. £uildinp;B. Heal. Personal. Income. For 1895. .879,559,274. .$55,893,819. .$1.35,453,093. ..^8,871,715. .H730,U3 189(5.. 73,763,114.. 55,8.39,107.. 129,602,221.. 8,181,!588.. 4,680,331 Assessments 1st Oct., '94-1895. Total $149,054,951 « 1st Oct., '95-1896. •' 142,464,140 . t( Decrease' $ 6,590,8 1 1 chiefly on Real property. The reduction on Personality arose from a decision of the C..C. Judge, McDougall, in connection with the Electric Companies: that a larger share should be assessed as Ileal Property. A considerable item was also taken off incomes. Tlie lessened dividends of Loan Companies alone amounted to $150,000^ Non assessable incomes were also increased from $400 to $700. EXEMPTIONS ' ; , For 1895 $23,652,308 -' " 1896 23,313,578 ' ; Assessment for 1896 not yet finally revised. Total exemptions for 1878 . ... $ 9,073,176 / , " 1896 : 23,189,524 (i Increase in 16 years $14,116,348 In 1894, the total exemption of Church property was as follows : — Land. Ruildinfya. Protestant Churches .^,436,221 $2,644,893 = $4,081,116 Roman Catholic 199,542 522,900 = 722,442 -,» ■ Total $1,635,763 $3,167,793 = $4,803,566 ' " Different Classes of Exemptions of Real Property for the Years 1S78 AND 1894. Nature of Exemption. Dominion Government Ontado Government bounty of Yolk Charitable Institutions Protestant ChurcheB Roman Catholic Churches Separate Schools and Roman Catholic Cor- poration , City Property . . . . Universities and Colleges Buryiiig Grounds , Total. Year 1878. $1,051,333 2,489,170 123,692 303,347 1,699,378 279,167 377,374 1,160,399 j,677,46fi 41,850 Year 1894. Increase. 1,991,576 4 900,551 144,520 1,298.236 4 081,114 722,442 H'.)4,721 5,436 021 3,231,320 389,024 J$9,073,170 $23,189,624 940 243 2,411,381 20,828 993,8y8 2,411,736 443,275 617.347 4,275,622 1,653,854 347,174 $14,116,348 ' s Under the Machinery By-law, exemption amount to $1,689,395. Every p.id and inducement possible should be given, equitably, of course, to persuade capital in cash and factories to come into the city. I I ! The Globe says : — "Jonah's gourd did not grow with greater rapidity than did the school expenditures of Toronto during the past decade. The Board forwards to Council some such return as that presented by Mayor Kennedy in his inaugural of 1894, wherein it is shown that in the year 1889-90 it cost but .$9.45 per pupil in Toronto for teachers' salaries and current school expenses, compared with $15.11 in Detroit, $15.24 in Albany, $15.56 in Brooklyn,$ 15.87 in Buffalo, $16.06 in Newark, and higher sums in other cities, ranging up to i^27M in cultured Boston, and $32.13 in St. Paul. " In the following tables the cost of the niglit schools is not separated from the general cost, and the cost per capita of registered pupils is somewhat above the amount that would be shown were the sum expended for night school in- struction given separately. ■ •, Cost of maintenance Average refirister- Cost per pupil. from taxation. ed pupils. 1887 $190,414 16,874 $1128 • 188'.) 259,0C0 21,218 12 20 1891 321,834 24,:504 12 23 1893 877,565 24.771 15 24 1895 371,518 *2(),i.00 14 18 *Average of year to end of September. " It will be observed that in school expenditure on maintenance account^, as in all other departments of civil service, 1893 was high- water mark. " The increase of $2.90 per pupil in the cost of school maintenance, lieavy while it is, does not represent the total increase in the cost of education during the period under review. The taxpayers have been paying through the nose for permanent improvements. Since 1887 the erection of new schools and the enlargement of existing ones has added $812,000 to the city debt, an enormous total, which was hardly justified even by tli«» expansion of the city. The follow- ing table giving the cost of the schools to the taxpayer, inclusive of debt charges, shows the result : Expenditure includ- Cost per head of Cost per renist- ing debt charges. population. ered pupil. 1887 $219,049 $184 $12 9i 1889 305450 2 19 14 39 1891 392.078 2 34 16 13 1893 .442,000 2 61 17 84 1895 436.160 2 50 16 64 " The practical conclusion < :. . .'.^ilitiug that there are thirty-five tliou- sand householders in Toroni; . ) *i\f' ; I MAINTBNANOE. '» •• ;^-' Keoiipts . Division I, From conBumeri : Water ratea, domeBtic manufacturing. t( 359,420 22 Net Receipts tor water, 359,420^2 Miscellaneous Cropairs, sales, etc.) 1.857 55 Total 361,277 77 From public funds : Fire hydrants 57,000 00 Fount&in& Street watering 25,000 00 Public buildings 3,798 24 General appropriations 85,798 24 • Gross Receipts from all sources 447,076 01 Dixi^ion II. From fixed rate% : Domestic Manufacturing From meter rates : Domestic Manufacturing , 352,949 55 92,268 91 <3i. Total 445,218 46 EXPENDITORBS. Maintenance and repairs 161,037 80 Revenue collection branch 24,794 98 Renevrals and special repairs (provided for by taxlevy) 27,219 17 Intdrest and sinking fund on debentures. ^ ' > Total for year Balance (after renewals charged as above). 213,051 95 224,732 00 Total GENERAL DEFECTS. 437,733 95 9,292 06 447,076 01 The defects, or inadequate character of the present system, to meet the needs and requirements of a growing city like Toronto, are numerous. The impure quality of the water, frequently introduced into the houpes, and neces- . • 38 \ ^-; ; ■ sarily, into all domestic uses, drinking, cooking, washing, demand immediate consideration to change the system, eo as to procure a purer, better and more satisfactory quality of water. The health of the citizens is of the first import- ance, and it is menaced by the unsanitary water. The uncertainty anjd inade- quacy of the supply for tire purposes, bring home to every property owner, the necessity of demanding a radical and permanent change in the system. The cost of the present system, nearly four millions of dollars, and its unsatisfactory results, imperatively invoke the most careful consideration, but the improvements, to it may be the expenditure of another million or two, and will not completely improve the system, and restore entire confidence in the community. There needs to Le haste, but no hurry. IMPROVEMENTS SUfiOESTED. Mr. Keating, City Engineer, in a special report, dated Oct. 20th, 1893, states the various proposals submitted to him, as follows : " I may, however, say with regard to all proposals of this kind, that in my opinion, the public interests demand that the control of the entire water supply of the city, in air its bearings and details, should be vested in, retained and jealously guarded by the municipal authorities. "The following is a list of the various schemes proposed, so far as they have come under my notice : " From Lake Ontario, in the vicinity of Scarboro. " From Lake Ontario, in the vicinity of Mimico. " From the Oak Ridge Lakes and the Rivers Don and Rouge (by gravity). " From Lake Simcoe. " From wells sunk in the gravel beds north of the city. " From springs and artesian wells in the Township of Erin " From the vicinity of the present intake (the Tunnel)." Some preliminary statements may be made as to Lake Ontario and Simcoe. ' Lake Ontario. — The water in this lake is, no doubt, naturally, as good as can be required for all purposes. Its quantity and quality are equal to any demand. The trouble is to get it in its pure state. This, in my view, can never be had, so long as the water is taken from near the Island. The Bay water is absolutely out of the question. The water, immediately south, west or east of the Bay, has to some extent, the same objectionablefeatures. Analyses may show comparatively good water, but is impossible to avoid the sentiment that it mixes with a compound of deleterious fluids, of a noxious and injurious character. All the sewage of the population of 190,000 ; of various kinds of factories, slaughter- houses, and '^ther sources of pollution, are constantly flowing too near the source of water to make the drinking and other uses of such water, pleasant or agreeable. The sediment must be got rid of, and the sentiment removed. Both are absolutv^ly necessary for health and pleasure in life. The difficulties would not be wholly removed by extending the intake two miles into the lake, as orginally contemplated, even if it were practicable in the very deep water, to be found south of the Island. These are not all the objections. Probably not less than populations of four or five millions ; in Milwaukee, Chicago, Duluth, Detroit, Toledo, Cleveland, Buffalo, Hamilton, and all our own towns along the coasts o*' the lakes and rivers, add their share to the general impurity. The Niagara Falls, almost opposite us, pour over the accumulated noxious liquid, besides the debris and offal of those cities, and force them to our doors, by the impetus of the fall and rush of the river. These injurious elements do not lose their momentum, until they strike our rising shore, whence they are carried out again, Eoutherly and easterly, down th^ lake into the St. Lawrence. /'H 39 I. n Ik ' I am not uaniindful of the beneficial and disinfecting effects of the sua and air on the waters, as they pass abng the great distance that intervene between our city and Buffalo say, our nearest, large neighbor ; or Chicago, one of the farthest. Still the impurity to some extent must remain ; our Bay water in the centre is about thirty feet deep, surrounded by a sand bar, that sucks in the worst stuff, which is washed out again to some extent, by storms and currents, and agitation of the waters. Lake Simcoe. — This lake, according to Mr. Kivas Tully, C.E., is 707 feet above sea level, and is 467 feet above the level of Lake Ontario. It is over 300 square miles in extent ; and the late Mr. Walter C. Brough, C.E., estimated the average daily supply at two thousand millions of imperial gallons. The whole lake freezes over about the end of December every year. Its fluctuations in depth are about three feet. A daily supply to Toronto, of water, would reduce the level by one inch every 23| days.. The Globe said, some years ago : " It is fed altogether by creeks, streams, and small rivers, like the Holland, and the waters of these are not likely, to grow either purer or more abundant as settle- ment advances." A pamphlet, published by A. F. Hunter, M.A., on Lake Simcoe and its environs, says : " Lake Simcoe has too much shore line in pro- portion to the volume contained, to yield good water. Although it overlies limestone, which renders the water potable, still the large amount of, shore line for the comparatively small volume of water, makes the quality inferior. Chemical analysis shows this, by indicating the presence of vegetable matter and other impurities. Respecting the nmount of shore line, the following comparison witii Lake Ontario will be instructive : Lake Simcoe,. 300 square miles, 120 miles shore line . Lake Ontario, 6,000 square miles, 600 miles shore line. > " Lake Si'ncoe, in proportion to its size, has four times as much beach per square mile, as Lake Ontario has, thus rendering its water impure with vege- table matter, and charged with sediments during storms." The tow ns and villages growing up all around the lake are sources of pollution. Barrie gets its water from the north, and not from the lake. AUandale has a gas factory, which throws its refuse into tlie lake ; as with other places, 1 2,000 acres of marsh- land, through which the Holland River runs into the lake, carries with it other vegetable matter, malarial elements and other injurious influences. By The Narrows, Lake Simcoe is connected with Lake Couchiching, and that lake by the Severn River with the Georgian Bay. The lake is, I believe, about 40 miles long, from north to south, and about 20 to 25 miles from east to west ; and has also the Kempenfeldt Bay about nine miles long, on which Barrie is situated ; and Cooks' Bay, a considerable body of water. The lake is very deep. Kempen- feldt Bay is 200 feet deep, and much of the centre of the lake is as deep. A friend, resident in Barrie for many years, writes to me, that " the rivers running into the lake are few and small." Tiiere are also, "some creeks." "The lake is chiefly fei by springs. The small streams feeding it and the large outlet do not account for so large a body of water." Barrie gets its water " from certain wells." "The water (f the lake is very clear, but quite hard." "I do not think it as good as Lake Ontario water." " I do not see that any amount of water required for Toronto, would have any effect whatever on the level of the lake." Couchichir^g is about 12 miles long ; and 3 or 4 miles in width at the southern extremity. Holland River, taking its rise at the Ridges, runs into Cooks' Ba^ and nearly opposite over the Ridges southerly, the Humber takes its rise and flws into Lake Ontario. A tunnel about seven miles in lenglh would be needed to connect them. The Ridges are about 186 feet higher than Lake Simcoe. The Tunnel would have to be of considerable depth. Bond Lake is a small body of water about twenty miles north of Toronto, i'l ( , ■■HI and is situated on a hill, with apparently no inlet nor outlet. The surface water comes from about 1,000 acres, it is of great dep€h. Some say it is unfathom- able ; others, that it has been ascertained to be about 70 feet deep. It is probably about a mile in diameter. It is supposed to be fed by a subterranean passage from Georgian Bay, or Lake Simcoe. Its water level would prelude that idea. The Bivers immediately to the north of the city would scarcely afford a satisfactory or pure supply. It might be, also, that it would not in a year of drought be permanent. The currents in Lake Ontario are important, and to be considered in seeking a supply of pure water. In 1891, Mr. C. H. Rust, Assistant City Engineer, addressed a valuable report to Mr. Grenville C. Cunningham, City Engineer in which he says that "the total discharge of the sewage into the Bay is 13,335, 586 gallons in the 24 hours. The average discharge per head in the 24 hours is 74 gallons. You will observe that from 20 to 25 per cent, of the floats went in the direction of the intake pipe. The floats were all set in a depth of water from twenty to forty feet, and were not influenced by the winds except during very stormy gales." You will see by the plan that a number of the floats went in a westerly direction. The greatest velocity ascertained was 54 miles per hour, equal to about fifty feet per minute. He thinks that if the average is taken, about six miles from the intake pipe the danger of polluting our water supply is infini- tesimal. It can hardly be doubted that the currents easterly and westerly must mix the sewage with the water along the shore. That can only be avoided by an intake pipe two miles or so out into the Lake. Indeed, the only safe remedy is, if the water must be taken from Lake Ontario, is to construct a trunk sewer, or adopt a system, now common, of utilizing the sewage, witHout letting it run into the Bay or Lake at all. The idea of Mayor Kennedy, so I understand it, to have the trunk sewer, and the tunnel at the same time, is the true solution, if both could be made financially practicable:^ So long as the sewage runs into the Bay and Lake, so long will the grievances now complained of be perpetuated. This view ought to be understood and faced by the citizens at once. I am not prepared to admit, though, that a trunk sewer, carrying the sewage into the Lake, at the Woodbine, or in that neighborhood, is the best terminus. A better would be to tunnel through the Scarborough Heights, and let it flow into the Lake north and east of the Height promontory ; and then the;e might be hope of safety from pollution. Probably a better outlet for the sewage would be to the west, along the Esplanade. A decline of nine feet, or thereabout, from the Humber to the Don, could easily b« overcome ; and these, with the aid of the cnrrents from the east, carry the sewage out into the Lake away from the intake pipe. It would need to be precipitated a long way out in the Lake, and at a great depth. However the sewage question is not now designed to be fully considered. It is nearly quite as important as the water question. y 1 ^ 4 V > 4 ^ I ,< >•■ » < / ' : WATER FROM SPARBOROUGH. A new main, 6| miles in length would be required; changing the building and pumping plant, and an intake pipe 1^ milea or two miles into the Lake. Cost, say, $1,000,000. New main tc be 42 inches in diameter. The general main would be, or might be, largely overground work. It could be done cheaper and more expeditiously than a tunnel. A new reservoir might be necessary ; cost, say, $305,000, as represented by Messrs. Herring and Gray. Mr. Keating's objections are : 1. The exposed position and unsuitable character of the shore for the estab- lishment of a pumping station and wharves. i. '»■ I l-v . a of t * i > i y \ I. * > r , ^ ■' 41 ■ •■•.■ ; .' ■.'• ■•: ■ 2. The great length to which it would be necessary to lay the suction pipe or conduit in the lake, in order to reach a suitable depth. 3. The turbid character of the water in the spring, which is reported on good authority to extend southwardly into the lake two miles. 4. The risk and uncertainty of being able to construct a tight reservoir, within a reasonable cost, in the sandy and gravelly soil ( n the heights in that vicinity, in the event of such a reservoir being needed. FROM MIMICO. Mr. Keating made a very general examination of the scheme. 1. The water for a long distance from the shore (probably from two to three miles) appeared to be riled and dirty. The length of main required would be considerably greater than the main from Scarboro ; a new and large reservoir at or about Well's Hill would also be needed, and the required cros- sing at the River Humber would be likely to prove a costly feature. 2. While I have made no estimate of the cost of this scheme, I think it probable that it would largely exceed the Scarboro project, and that it is less favorable in other respects. 3. FROM THE OAK RIDGE LAKES AND THE RIVERS. This project was reported upon in 1887 by Messrs. Mc Alpine it TuUy, who strongly advocated its adoption. • In a comparison of costs with pumping water from Lake Ontario, they show an enormous annual saving in its favor. 4. The concluding paragraph is, however the most important one to be found in the whole report. It is as follows : " In conclusion, we have to state that our preliminary examinations have shown that an abundant supply of pure and wholesome water for any possible future demand can be obtained from the districts herein described ; that it can be delivered at the same or considerably greater elevation than the Rosehill Reservoir, at a cost, the annual interest of which, including the expense of management and renewals, will be so much less than the expense of furnishing an equal quantity by pumping, that the saving, in considerably less than ten years, will be equal to the whole cost of the proposed gravity works." Mr. Keating says the water supply is impure and unfit for domestic con- sumption. ,. FROM LAKE 8IMC0E. Messrs. Herring & Gray, in their report in 1891, estimated the cost of the completed scheme to be " at least $7,711,325," exclusive of land damages. What the additional costs of these damages would be is an unknown quantity. Mr. Keating says : Without going further into the matter, it is sufficient to know that the pipe line is about forty-six miles in length, and that ten miles of tunnelling are required, in order to conclude that the co3t must necessarily be enormous, and that, even supposing the estimates can be largely reduced, the project, for the present and under existing circumstances, is impracticable. I should, perhaps, add that the chemical analysis of Lake Simcoe water shows it to be greatly inferior to that of Lake Ontario. Mr. E. A Macdonald's Aqueduct Company, reports the cost of construction as follows : Right of way. 40 miles by 1,000 feet, 4,848 acres at |75 per acre. 9 363,000 Excavation of contruction tunnel and shaft", 9 feet diameter, 15 nii'es long, 200,000 cubic yards, at $1.00 p«r yard.. 300,000 42 , ■•;.:..■.■•--:,,■'■,,■ Eight million feet of lumber for lining tunnel, etc., Ht $lo per 1,000 120,000 Damages arising out of diversion of water courses 200,000 Bridges over and subways under highways 260,000 Reservoirs, wheel pits, wheels, penstocks aud other pennant iit plant 400,000 Engineering and legal expanses 100 OCO Incidentals 767,COO .- . y-- • . • ■ v $2,5C0,000 Besides the cheapening of the work, the hydraulic principle of excavation enables the company to complete the a(]ueduct within eighteen months. The cost of the aqueduct by the ordinary methods of construction is estimated from $6,500,000 to $7,000,000. Possible Revetmes. — Upon the completion of the Aqueduct the Company will be in a position to develop for sale 691,674 electric horse power. Electricity is now selling in Toronto at from $60 to $150 per horse power per annum. The Company propose to sell at an average of $20 pei" horse power per annum, and at that price 691,674 horse power would yield an annual revenue of $13,833,480, a sum sufficient to pay interest at four per cent, on $300,000,000, besides leav- ing $1,833,480 for working expenses. For the purposes cf this paper it will be sufficient to show one item of Assured Revenue. — The Company proposes to sell electric energy for heating and lighting purposes. Over $3,500,000 per annum is expended by Toronto for coal, wood and other fuels, inch' ding oils for illuminating purposes. It is fair to assume that the $3,500,000 i»ow expended for fuels and oils will become part of the Company's revenues, which sum alone would pay interest at seven per cent, on $50,000,000, or four per cent, on $77,500,000. In other words, onk tear's revenue would be more than sufficient to construct the entire aqueduct. Metal Smelting, it is claimed, can be carried on in Toronto with great advantage, if the water power, by gravitation, is used for producingelectrical force. Toronto's Domestic Supply is not demanded. The suggestion made, as to the indiflFerence of the company "from a finan- cial standpoint," whether they get the right to supply the city with water for domestic purposes, involves more than one idea. Why, in that case, ask the sanction of the city to the company's proceedings or contracts ? or why delay construction until the city gives its adherence to the scheme ; if one year's reve- nue for " heating and lighting purposes," equal to $3,500,000, will *' pay in- terest at seven per cent, on $50,000,000, or four per cent, on $77,500,000," or in other words "one year's revenue would be more than sufficient to construct the entire aqeduct." In that case the revenue will be sufficient to pay seven per cent, on $50,000,000 ; or twenty times more money than is needed to build the aqueduct. These items, at least awaken reflection. The " ridges " or hills form- ing the water-shed between Lake Ontario and Simcoe ; are 261 feet above the level of Ontario, and 186 feet above the level of Simcoe, and 310 feeb above the Georgian Bay ; which is 347 feet above Lake Ontario. Water from Georgian Bay would appear to be impracticable. What about the Water- works debt of $4,000,000. The Bill incorporating the Aqueduct Company, passed into law on the 5th May, 1894. From Wells North of Toronto, near Eglington. Mr. Keating says : " I was shown the North Toronto pumping station, and an excavation in the gravel about a quarter of a mile distant therefrom, from which a small stream of water was flowing. \ 4 « 4 Y i: f > [4- i ^r I < < rf i, 4 V "The North Toronto puraping station is supplied from a well adjoining, about 1 8 feet in diameter and 24 feet in depth, the normal depth of water in the well being about eight feet. The total daily consumption was stated by the engineer in charge to be about 8,000 gallons. This quantity of water is raised in about two and a half-hours, and lowers the water in the well about four feet. " There is no other water visible except what I have mentioned above. The theory of the promoters is that there is an immense underground flow from Lake Simcoe through the gravelly subsoil, and that it can be advantageously tapped by means of driven wells in the vicinity referred to, and thence drawn off by gravity to the City after being raised by pumps to the surface." The " theory " stated is not the one that has been presented to me by many gentlemen, especially by Capt. Hood, and by persons claiming to be experts in such matters. I have reason to accept their claims as experts. Tests costing not more than from three to five thousand dollars would settle that question. The ** theory " stated to me is, the waters underground are from some northern source, and not Lake Simcoe, that " Artesian Wells " sunk would not require pumping, as if the water underground " theory " is correct, the overflow will be such as to render pumping unnecessary. That the quantity of water would be demonstrated as clearly in a short time, as to the permanancy of the flow ; as the thousands of wells in Ontario, on all the farms of the province, show the underground springs and streams to be innumerable, and inexhaustible as a rule, and of the very best kind of water. The water in the 24 feet in depth well at North Toronto, supplying that town, and during the dearth from the oth Sept. to nearly the end of October, supplying also all East Toronto with drinking water, shows what might come out of deep wells, and a number of them, sunk in various parts where experts say water can be had. I may say that the cost to the city of the conduit break, was about $12,000. A quarter of that would test this question ; and I myself believe, from all I have heard, and noth- ing but satisfactory and conclusive tests would lead me to a contrary belief, that enough water of the purest and best quality could be obtained in that way for all the purposes of the city, and with all the advantages and cheapness of gravitation, as distinguished from the disadvantages of the Ontario polluted waters, and the annual cost of puraping, maintenance, repairs and coal, etc., mounting up to nearly $240,000. This saving alone would pay a sinking fund and interest at four per cent, on a debt of about $5,000,000. Water-works de- bentures are the best ordinary debentures in the money markets for rapid sale at a low interest. The saving by this system without any revenues, would pay the cost of the present water-works, and as improved, a million of dollars would re- main for the improvements. An artesian well was sunk near Eglington at one time, that showed an amazing flow. The depth of the underground river or lake claimed to be less than 250 feet. One well could be sunk for a thousand dol- is lars. There are evidences all along the plateau froni Gallows Hill to Hogg's Hollow, of an unusual water supply. It has been shown in various ways, a trifling expgnditure would, to my njind, prove it beyomJ a peradventure. It would at all events, set at rest the claims of intelligent and experienced men. It is scarcely necessary to remind the reader of the extraordinary systems of irrigation, by water drawn from artesian wells, familiar to most readers, the present remarkable results in California and in our own North-West. Deserts turned into fruitful fields, big wells dug in a wilderness, and yielding untold and inexhaustible supplies of water. Since writing the foregoing, 77ie Globe, Dec. 5, 1895, published Dr. Oakley's story — showing abundance of subterranean water just north of the city. We made brief extracts as follows : " In effect it is that an electric apparatus for the discovery of water-bear- "'.'■' 44 "'''-■ " " ' •.'■'■''■■ ' ,, -^ .: . , ; • ' " . ■ ...,■ - /, , ing strata has been used around Toronto for some time ; that by its means a district of water-bearing territory 1,200 feet wide to the north of the city lias been located, with an underground supply large enough for all the requirements of the present and future population. During Mr. Mansergh's visit these facts were made known to Mr. Keating. " Dr. J. W. Oakley of College Street, is the possessor of the electric appar- atus that is a much better finder of water than the hazel wand of the old-time prospectors. . , , DEVELOPMENT IN CALIFORNIA. r , '. '* The doctor said: ' I first became interested in th»s » matter of discovery and development of water-bearing strata during & sv . of two years in Southern California, from which I returned about a yea- ■ >'he instrument used in the work is aa electrical device, the method of operation of which I can- not divulge, as it has not been patented. At the fooi o<* the Siorra Madre, which is from 10,0i)0 to 12,000 feet high, are a range oi foe "nils ut 2,500 feet high. This is in the Ontario colony, largely made up of paopl* :'<. > this Province. Irrigation is. used extensively there in the working of the orange groves. The first use of the instrument was made there and the result has been the discovery and practical utilization of great supplies of water that formerly lay undiscovered below the surface.' "A. S. Hobby, C R, writes: 'I should think that the tracing of water streams in the vicinity of Toronto would be very interesting. The fact, or general supposition, if it be such, that Lake Ontario is fed largely from sources other than the Niagara River is of itself interesting. The natural supposition would be that these subterranean feeders came from the north and northwest, and I believe that geologists have supported this. If one of these feeders could be tapped at a sufficient elevation to utilize it, it should be worth something, for the water would probably be very pure ' " *A11 this,' continued Dr. Oakley, ' shows that our instrument for discover- ing water-bearing strata is not merely a theory that has not been subjected to the test of experience. And now as to Toronto. Dr. Hay, who is here to cor- roborate my statements, and I have examined carefully the district to the north of Toronto. We have the most undoubted proof, according to the indications of the instrument, that there is quite near the city water-bearing strata 1,200 feet wide and capable of supplying an enormous and continuous supply of water. We proved the accuracy of the instrument in every possible way.' " ' I am much interested in your report of investigations you have been con- ducting to determine whether there were was subterranean water obtainable at an altitude sufficient to supply Toronto. I am not surprised that you sh:>uld find the three large streams described and mapped in your letter. From the limited knowledge and information I have of the geology and topography of that country I would believe it probable that large undergound streams of water would exist as you have found them. The high archean formation north of Georgian Bay and Lake Simcoe pitching down to the south, and without doubt underlying the lakes, and the Devonian formations south from the lakes may o£fer most favorable conditions for the passage of these streams.' " Froni Springs and Rivers in tJve Township of Erin, — The only information I present from a skilled source, is in the report of Mr. Keating : Its height above Lake Ontario is about 1,000 feet, and its distance from the centre of the city in a direct line is about 36 miles. Three or four flowing springs of exceptionally clear and sparkling water were pointed out. It was subsequently learned that this water is as exceptionally hard as it is bright. At one time a boring was had, and that at a depth of 80 or 90 feet the boring • IB a has 3UtS acts * « . « 'A tool suddenly dropped about eight feet, and that water immediately rushed to the surface. The prospects of obtaining a considerable quantity of water from this locality appear greatly better than at North Toronto, but if it should prove to be as hard as that flowing from the springs in the same locality (which seems probable) it would be unfit for general use, and it would require an enormous expense. Still, streams of a considerable volume of water could be turned in to help, which would also modify the character of the water. From. Lake Scugog, Balsam Lake, etc. — I have not seen any discussion or report on the practicability of water from these lakes in the north east. Balsam lake is 587 feet above Lake Ontario, Lake Scugog, the most southern of the lakes ; and which would have to be reached by an aqueduct or little open canal, is about thirty to thirty-five miles from Toronto. It is fed by Scugog River from Sturgeon Lake, and by Cameron Lake, and then Balsam Lake, a large body of water. Balsam Lake is fed by Burnt River eastwardly, and bj^ Gull River and numerous lakes northerly. There are probably 20 small lakes, and a water shed from twenty townships, or a direct and immediate water shed of 1,200 square miles, and probably an indirect water shed of half as much more. The numerous fresh water springs, rivers and lakes that are or can be made tributary to Lake Scugog, would supply, it seems to me, all the water a city of a quarter of a million population would require. There is some marsh about Lake Scugog ; what effect it would have on the water I cannot tell. The territory from Scugog to Toronto is comparatively level and even ground, with no obstruc- tion like the " ridges " or hills between Lake Ontario and Lake Simcoe. The ridges run about the centre line, east and west, through Townships King, White- church and Uxbridge, and then at the east turn north through Reach and Brock. Lake Scugog is partly in Reach ; Sturgeon Lake in Verulam, and Bal- sam lake in Bexley and Fenelon. The combination of spring and rain water, would, it may be judged, render the water useful for all domestic purposes. The elevation of the course of supply would be such as to render a current above any honse that would ever bg built in the city. The cost given of the construc- tion of 40 miles to Lake Simcoe for land is$:i63,000. This demands land 1,000 feet wide. There would be no necessity for so great width here. A canal about 12 feet deep fron the top, and as wide, would be all that is necessary for the actual aqueduct. Of course, there ought to be about as much more land in width on each side of the aqueduct. Then for 15 miles of tunnel $300,000 is allowed. This would not be required in this system. The inside of the duct ought to be treated as a reservoir is, and the outside sodded, with fences on both sides to keep off cattle. Timber, $120,000, for lining tunnel would not be re- quired. Diversion of water courses ought to be adjusted for less than $200,- 000. Bridges would be required, say $125,000. Reservoirs, pits, etc , $400,000, ought to be done for $100,000, other expenses, $100,000 instead of $767,000 ; equal to a total of $500,000. * Unskilled labor would be required chiefly, and the work let out to contractors in sections could be finished in months instead of years, as it must require in case of a tunnel, in which only a few workers can be engaged at a time. A current continually running, and the water exposed to earth, air and sun, would give pure water, undoubtedly healthy and agreeable. Yet a large pipe or two would for some reasons be even better than the open canal. This ought to be submitted to engineering, and analytical skill and in- vestigation. The saving of five years pumping and coal would well nigh pay the whole cost. The annual cost would then be but small in the way of repairs and increasing demands of the city for an increased supply. The latter would depend on the rapid increase of population. .'j ■:is»»^»"WW>TWM 4G LAKE TICE AND MBDAD. Lake Tice is west of Milton, near Campbellsville, on the '* Mountain." It covers about eight acres, and is 600 feet above Toronto, is at least 70 feet deep, without any known inlet. It is surrounded by a hard rock, and is in fact a com- plete reservoir. The permanency of the water could be tested for a few hundred dollars, by opening it into the Credit River, which has its source near by. A few days would determine to what depth it would be drained out, by the out- flow of a certain quantity of water. The water is said to be good. It is about 35 miles from Toronto, and there are no intermediate obstructions, unless they should be a few streams, like the twelve-mile creek, the sixteen-mile creek, and the Hum be r. The water could be led to the rear of the city through an open aqueduct or pipe, as in the other case. Lake Medad. — Medad is about 35 to 40 miles from Toronto, north of Bur- lington on the Mountain, and is over 600 feet higher than Toronto. It is about four miles north of Lake Ontario. The water covers 60 acres, and is at least 100 feet deep, and is said to be good water. It has the same rivers to cross. Its supply is supposed to be inexhaustible. It has a natural curiosity beside it, in the nature of a great cave. From the vicinity of the present intake over the Island. — This scheme is elaborated in Mr. Keating's report for last year, and I would recommend those seeking detailed information and opinions, to consult it. I will only give a few extracts : 1. "I am of opinion that the position of the present intake was wisely selected, and that the future water supply can be obtained from the same vicinity, not only to best advantage, but that the difficulties and expense which would be involved in making any radical change are so great that it would be unwise to go elsewhere. "The question of the disposal of city sewage naturally presents itself in con- nection with any scheme for drawing the water supply from Lake Ontario. " While it cannot be denied that all fsecal matters ought properly to be I'e turned to the earth from which they have their origin, and that, theoretically, it is wrong in principle and dangerous to discharge sewage into the same body Oi! water from which water may be drawn for domestic use, yet it is well, and in fact we are forced to look at this question from a practical standpoint. 2. " The inference to be drawn is that all such foul matters, within certain limitations, decompose and undergo a process of self -purification after being dis- charged into a large body of fresh water, and that beyond a certain distance from the point of pollution, no injurious effects are to be traced or feared. What that precise distance is has never been definitely or satisfactorily determined so as to admit of direct calculation or the application of any standard rule. Each separate case requires special investigation and careful study, as local conditions must of necessity be considered. " Among the most recent investigations on this subject with which I am acquainted are those which were carried on in the town of Zurich, in Switzer- land, containing, with its suburbs, about 100,000 inhabitants. The average delivery of sewage from the town is stated to be 4,400,000 gallons, and the maximum 11,000,000 gallons per day. This sewage is discharged into the River Limmet, which is about 98 feet in width and 6^ feet in depth, with an average daily flow of about 2,000,000,000 gallons, and a mean velocity of about four miles per hour. One of the conclusions arrived at in this case was : " That under the conditions d^^scribed, and provided there are no inter- mediate sources of pollution, a river such as the Limmet, flowing at the mean ■>■ k velocity of about four miles per hour, will purify itself within a distance of about sixteen miles from the point of pollution. " I have dwelt rather fully upon this subject, in order to show that providing the city sewage is discharged into the lake at a sufficient distance from the Water-works intake, no injurious effects need be anticipated. What the safe distance is remains a matter for further investigation, and it is a question which must before long receive attention if the city continues to increase in population, as it undoubtedly will. " The 6-ft. wooden conduit is partially filled with sand. The 5-ft. steel pipe also contains sand in some places, and it has, unfortunately, been laid so irregu- larly and at so high a level that it cannot be relied upon. The 4-ft. steel pipe across the harbor cannot safely be relied upon. 3. " Different methods have been proposed with the view to remedying these defects and lessening the risks, either partially or wholly, and others have sug- gested themselves after a study of the questions involved." The following is a list of all these proposals and suggestions : . i - . " A new steel conduit across the Harbor, " A tunijel under the Harbor and Island and into the lake to a new inlet. *' Pipes laid in a tunnel under the Harbor. '* An auxiliary pumping station on the Island and forcing the water through the present conduits across the harbor to the pump- well. " Transferring the Main Pumping Station to the Island, and pumping the water through either the present conduits or through new pipes laid across the harbor. "The same as the above, only that the force main or mains should be carried across the western entrance to the harbor on a bridge. " A tunnel under the harbor and a new conduit across the Island." (1) A tunnel under the harbor, coupled with a new conduit across Toronto Island and into the lake to a new intake, appears to me to be the best solution of the problem. It is also one of the cheapest and safest plans of any so far proposed, and I recommend its adoption. In my opinion it is unsafe to rely upon the existing conduits, for reasons which I have already explained, and / advise that no time be lost in starting the works, the construction of which will probably take two years. (2) Borings have been made at the Water- Works wharf and at Hanlan's Point, for the purpose of ascertaining the nature of the material to be encoun- tered. Shale rock was found at a depth of 13 feet below lake level (zero) at the pumping station, and at 55^ feet in depth at Hanlan's Point. The rock gener- ally is firm and solid, but is of such a nature that the tunnel would require to be lined throughout its whole length, which is a little over a mile. If, however, it is kept down about 1 30 feet below the surface of the harbor, the borings so far taken indicate that no water will be encountered at that depth to hinder the vigorous prosecution of the work. (3) My estimate of the works which are necessary in order to complete this project in a proper manner is as follows (exclusive of land damages) : Tunnel, 6-ft. 6-in. in internal diameter, 5,500 feet in length, lined with brickwork, including necessary shaft at each end. ^250,000 - Screen chamber, valve house and connections at Main Pumping , ; Station ; 20,000 New 6-ft. steel pipe, 900 feet in length, connecting existing 5-ft. pipe in Blockhouse Bay with southern end of tunnel, in- cluding specials and connections 19,000 New 6 ft. steel pipe, 2,400 feet in length (to replace existing wooden (pipe), between shore crib and bell-buoy crib, in- cluding connections and anchorage ^60,000 ■ I I 48 Valve house and settling chamber at south end of tunnel 18,000 New 6-ft. steel conduit, 7,000 feet in length, across Toronto Is- land, from south end of tunnel and into Lake Ontario, in ■ eluding new intake, valve house and settling chamber 168,000 1 ' i 8525,000 In this estimate the tunnel is designed of ample capacity to deliver at the Pumping Station, 75,000,000 gallons per day, so that no enlargement or dupli- cation will be necessary until the City has trebled its present population. Pro- vision is also made for a duplicate 6-ft. steel conduit across the Island in order to avoid any tearing down or expensive alterations when such an addition be- comes necessary. Add also for the distribution pipes. Total cost of tunnel scheme as outlined above $525,000 16,000 ft. of 36- in. force main, from intersection of Bathurst and College Streets to Rose Hill Reservoir, including valves and specials, etc 135,500 1,000 ft. of 30-in. pipe on Wellington Street, from John to Sim- coe Street, including valves, etc 8,000 24-in. main on Front Street, from Simcoe to Sherbourne Street, * including valves and specials, etc 36,000 / 12-in. main on Avenue Road, from Davenport Road to Bloor St. 6,500 , '^w Total •... $710,000 Mr. Keating' s Report on Proposed New Conduit. — One item which will be added very largely to the cost of laying any new conduit across the harbor is that of rock excavation under the water, of which it is estimated that there will be about 4,700 cubic yards. The following are the estimates for which the Committe have asked: • 1. The estimated cost of a 6-foot cast iron pipe from a new intake to the pumping well is $560,000 2. The estimated cost of 6-foot oast iron pipe from Hanlan's Crib to the pumping well is 240,000 3. The estimated cost of a 6-foot steel pipe over the same sec- tions is as follows : ; :;•,. • i< For 6-foot steel pipe from a new intake in the lake to J .*.■.• the pumping well 518,000 And from Hanlan's Crib to pumping well 237,000 4. The estimated cost of the tunnel scheme, as previously recom- mended, with an extension of pipe to the new intake, is. .. 626,000 It must be clearly understood that any scheme involving a new conduit from the pumping station to Hanlan's Point or Hanlan's Crib will be incomplete in itself, and that further expenditures are necessary owing to the insufficient depth at which the existing 5-foob steel pipe has been laid through " the cut " across Toronto Island. The top of this pipe at one point lies at the level of low water in the lake, and for several hundreds of feet it is only six inches below the same level. It will therefore be seen that unless this defect is remedied, or some means are adopted towards augmenting the supply, the City is liable to be short of wat«r at times when Lake Ontario may approach its lowest level, or if the consumption of water should increase. This pipe cannot now, while it is in use, be lowered without running the risk of damaging it seriously, and as the whole water supply of the City is at present drawn through it, a break would result in the serious contamination of the supply both by large quantities of sand and bay water. V • ( 49 or * On 6th Sept., 1895, Mr. Keating reported further on the Proposed innnel. — "The best position for the tunnel, would commence at a point on the Water- Works property about 60 feet south of the existing Pump- ing Station, where a 10-ft. shaft would be sunk to a depth of 138 feet 3 inche.s below zero level of the Tjake. The tunnel would then be constructed at a similar level in a southerly direction under the harbor for a distance of 5,820 feet to a point near Mugg's Landing, where the terminal or inlet shaft would V)e sunk, to which a new steel conduit would be connected at a depth of about 1 2 feet below zero level. " It is proposed to make the tunnel 6 feet 6 inches in width by 6 feet 6 inches in height, the cross-section resembling a horseshoe, as will be seen by reference to the plan. It is also proposed to sink a shaft from the surface down to the tunnel at a point in the Bay 3,100 feet from the Pumping Station shaft, or nearly midway between the inlet or terminal shaft and the Pumping Station shaft, with the object of facilitating the work and shortening the time of construction. " The result of borings shows that shale rock will be struck at the Pumping Station shaft at a depth of about 1 6 feet below the surface of the ground, at a depth of 42 feet below zero levrl at the centre shaft, and at a depth of 65 feet below zero at the inlet shaft. The whole length of the tunnel will be through shale rock. " The shafts where they pass through sand for a short distance into the rock are proposed to be coxistructed of cast iron or steel. Through the rock they will be lined with brick and concrete, and the tunnel is proposed to be lined in the same ni.nner. " It is aiso proposed, in connection with this work, to lay an entirely new steel conduit pipe, 6 feet in diameter, from the inlet shaft at Mugg's Landing to the north end of the existing 6-ft. steel conduit at the bell-buoy crib. The southern end of this conduit, from the connecting crib on the Island to the bell-buoy crib, will replace the existing 6-ft. wooden conduit, to which special attention has been previously drawn, and for which an appropriation of .1^75,000 was recently asked. It is proposed to lay 1 he new steel conduit on a descending gradient from the Lake shore to the inlet shaft, and at a sufficient depth to provide for the delivery of over 40,000,000 gallons of water at the Pumping Station, the tunnel being designed to deliver about 75,000,000 gallons, with the pumping wells ilrawn down to 9 feet. " It is also proposed to lay a new 5-ft. steel connecting pipe from the new steel conduit, at a point near the inlet shaft to the existing 5-ft. steel conduit at a point nearly opposite Heber's landing. " The estimated cost of the whole of the above works, which is $540,000 which is $15,000 above the original estimate, when it was contemplated to con- struct the tunnel via Hanlan's Point." I have allowed engineers and promoters, as far as practicable, speak for themselves. My design is to impart in a popular and brief form, for the general citizen's information, so far as available, and necessarily in a general way, so that each one may somewhat intelligently consider all possible systems to supply the city with pure water. I am not offering skilled opinions, nor treating the subject exhaustively, only suggestively. The importance of the subjects, and my int rest in, and actual connection with the question for many years, must form my excuse for compiling and submitting to the reader the fore- going pages. A TRUNK SEWER. A Trunk Sewer ; to carry the sewage of the city to a proper place away from the city and its environs, is a work to be expected, although at present not 60 very near at hand, and not immediately demanded, in case the Water-works are made satisfactory. The cost of a sewer would Ije too much now to contemphitt', and too qiuch, certainly, to expend by the city in the present condition of the city, and burdensome taxation. There are some aspects of the question that may be noted for the consideration of readers. An important feature is to direct the sewage from the marsh at the mouth of the Don. The soft substance deposited there cover a number ol" acres, out of which a net-work of reeds grow, hold the foul outflow from the drains and sewers, and from a sanitary point of view, may, under certain conditions, become the origin of an epidemic, menacing the general health of the city. So far, happily, it has not produced very serious results, and it is to be hoped it m.iy never be the occasion of serious or general afHiction to the city. The opening of Coatsworth's gap, has no doubt been of immense service in warding off any ill effects that might be feared. The popu- lar idea that a Trun';- Sewer ought to empty in an easterly direction is not neces- sarily so. It is true, to the extent of nine feet or so, the Don mouth is lower than the Humber, but that is not much if a sewer has to be constructed. The currents now influence the healthiness of the lake water for at least 30 miles west of Toronto, and especially when the wind is from the east. If a sewer could be built so as to throw the excretia out a mile or two into the lake, it might not matter much whether the outlet would be east or west. It is important to take it away from the marsh, or what would be as serviceable, may be to fill up the marsh with dry earth from the hills north and east of the city. I examined this question when in the council 15 years ago, and I then had a plan to make alternate canals and streets in the marsh, and fill up the intervals or let the lots to manufacturers at a nominal rental, under conditions that they fill up a certain acreage each year. The time had not come then to demand it, and I abandoned it for the time being. The sewage should be diverted in some way clear of the bay, and save the fouling of the water in the marshes and low places around the island. The sewer should be constructed on the esplanade, as near as may be to the solid earth, to get a foundation if possible without a flow of water, to hinder the work. The idea of running one or more sewers through the entire area of the city from west to east, say on Queen street or Front street ought not to be seriously considered. It would take at least two years to do the work, and no business men on such business streets ought to be asked to suffer such a serious injury to their business as that course would involve. The sewer along the Esplanade would minimize this difiiculty. The sewer could be made to decline in a westerly direction, to say the Queen's Wharf, and then across to the Island, and through the Island cut into the lake as far as possible. This, of course, in case the water is procured, as it ought to be, from some cleaner place. If; however, the system adopted in London, England, and other great cities of utilizing the sewage as it can be done, then the sewer would only be necessary to concentrate the contents of the general drains and sewers. This work can be done, or at all events, say when done, be carried on from year to year without any expense to the city. • r >*)> \ ■ ':* f •.■<- •*■:■ S-, I ¥ >■ \ 1 PROPOSED CIVIC RELIEF. ■^ y < » .: > ^ 4), Statkmknt sliowiiij,' tlio inoreaso of the debt from year to year, and the rate of taxatioi), and under whose administration the decrease or increase was made. The only decrease was in 1880, the last year of my Mayoralty. The largest increase was in 1889, Mr. Clarke, Mayor, amounting to $3,658,188. YEAR. LOCAL DRBT. TOTAL DEBT. RATE. MAYOR. INCREASE. 1878 1879 9 2,238 443,705 465,094 621,292 866,261 789,961 1 .159.484 1,112,792 1,384,130 1,661,346 1,620,405 2,58:i,970 2,726,857 6,961,800 8,267,928 8,593,589 9,269,180 $ 0,216,803 6,519,496 6,319,059 6,523,688 6,895,638 6,974,289 7,632,637 8,220,262 ri.845,013 9.894,622 10,435,372 14,093.560 14,134,447 17,044,182 19,307,281 19,746,942 20,368,311 26 uiillci. (6 nilllH put n debentures In 187».) m 17 161 154 15l 15l 17 164 15| 14f u\ 14t 16| in 16 16| Morrison Baatv 9 302,693 1880 Beaty $ 200,487 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 .. .. 1883 MoMurrich McMurrich BuBwell BoBwell Manning; Howland Howland Clarke (Oeorease.^ 204,649 372,080 78,651 668,348 687,6.'5 624,751 1,649,609 540,76(1 1889 Clarke 3,658,188 40,887 1890 Clarke 1891 Clarke 2,909,735 2,263,01)9 438,661 C22,3t9 1892 1893 1894 1895 Fleming Fleming Kennedy Kennedy f \ Mr. Alderman Shaw has been an alderman for eleven years, from 1885 to 1895, both inclusive ; and the debt during that time has increased over $12,235, 674. Ex-Mayor Fleming was in the Council as alderman during the years 1888, 1890 and 1891, and as Mayor for 1892 and 1893. During those six years the debt increased $9,331,320. What plan did they devise, what eflfort did they make to stop this great and continued increase 1 If the increase had been, in only one year, there might be some excuse ; but extending over eleven years, and six years contemporaneously and without a break, if we except Mayor Clark's year, 1890, what justification can be shown for the enormous increase 1 It is sometime s alleged that the local improvement debt was responsible .Not altogether, for the general debt increased every year, down to 1890, and did not thereafter increase to any extent, while from 1889, the local debt went up from $2,583,975, to $9,269,180, in 1894. It cannot be, that these gentlemen did not see the rapidity of the growth in the local debt ; and if they did see, where was the strength of such leaders in the Council wasted stemming the tide ? Did they take the public into their con- I ■ .■;. ., ,. 62 ;■■ ,.,.'■ ,■„-;•■- .; -- .,, . \ , fidence, and tell the citizens all about it, and ask them to help in providing a remedy 1 Surely, if they were acquainted with the history of the city, they could have restored the law as I introduced it, and left it, when the " initiative " was with the ratepayers, directly and financially responsible, instead of allowing ' the '* initiative " to continue in the Engineer's office. This pernicious system produced the mischief. If they had not enough of influence with their colleagues to induce a full consideration of this matter and stop the increasing burden, v/hen are they going to have, or use such influence in similar or other emergencies 1 As it is, however, the citizens have to face the loss of their properties, and their income largely from over taxation. Make all allowance, for the general depres- sion, and yet we have not a clear explanation of the depreciation in values and the loss of rents. Are the citizens to quietly fold their arms and give up hope 1 What relief is suggested, by anyone seeking the confidence of their fellow- citizens to place them in the Council ? There has been no suggestion ; only " grin and bear it." The " bears " are on top ; how are they to be thrown off? If ex- perience is what is required, elect City Clerk Blevins, who has had twenty years experience. Immediate relief must be had, or at least fifty per cent., if not L3venty-five percont., of the present owners, will not in five years have a foot of land in i ity. Sentiment, however good, when a family is starving, does not always. pply bread and beef to m«et their wants. Something prac- tical, forcible, and immediate must be had. Why should the present owners of property pay $10,000,000 for permanent works, or any part of it just now, when property is being practically confiscated ? Take the new Court House and City Hall " folly " for an example, which is also the work of the present municipal leaders now before the people, and let any one give a good reason, why the citizens should impoverish themselves to pay a debt for a work which will serve its purpose just as well 100 years hence, as now? Will not the payments of the interest on $2,000,000, or say $80,000 a year be sufficient rent for all the service it will render to us. So with the old railway aid, the esplanade, the" water-works, the street railway, the Don improvements, etc. Save the sinking fund on that sum for the present at any rate. Local debentures mature in the following years as indicated. Use enough of the $3,089,576 sinking fund belong- ing to the local rates to pay off four years of taxation, which will appear in the general, as follows : 1896— DebentureB dua $430,273 Sinking fund on general debt 260,000 jj^ 690,273 1897— Debentures due $821,939 , Sinking fund.. 260,060 $1,081,939 ' 1898— Debentures due $380.67(i Sinking Fund 260,000 — $ 640.674 1899— Debentures Due $946,658 . Sinking Fund 260,000 1,205,658 ■ •? i? Total.! ........$ 3 618.64t ' Local Ratepayers will be relieved from paying next four years. . ..$ 2.578,644 And General Ratepayer saved from 1,040,000 Total $ 3,618,644 i ■ * • »"¥ *> »' V I ding *■ I I i y - i V It V - General Ratepayer relieved from Sinking Fund on Qen. Debt. . . . $1,040,000 And General Ratepayers share of Local Bates 776,821 $1,815,821 Local ratepayer will be relieved from paying 2,578,544 Or a Total Relief of 8 4,394.365 in the present emergency. If there was no distress, no losses, no beggary in view, this suggestion would not be needed, and would not be presented. These figures are approximately correct only. They are not exact. The result is sub- stantially shown. Legislation will be required, and unless there i:> a unanimity in this request, and the City speaks as with one voice, the Legislature will not listen to it ; even if it does then. The Legislature ought to, and no doubt will, if no outside inter- ests are prejudiced, and I think it can be satisfactorily shown, they will not be. DirecMy, in this connection, I give the reports of Messrs. Wm. Anderson, F.C.A., and W. W. Jones, City Auditors, on the Sinking Fund, to show how it is disposed of : DEBENTURE DEBT. The debenture debt of the city on 31st Di^ceniber, 1894, was at follows : General Debenture Debt $11,099,131 36 Local Improvement Debenture Debt 8,201.452 16 Toronto Railway Debenture Debt 1 067,728 57 Total Gross Debenture Debt ; $20,368,312 09 Deduct cash and debentures at credit of various sinking: funds, Cash $1,264,930 51 . * City Debentures purchased with Sinking Fund moneys.. 2,427,083 09 ". Invested in Dominion of Canada stock 486 67 Invested in County of Haliburton Debenture 1,000 00 $ 3,693,500 27 Total Net Debenture Debt $16,674,811 82 Net General Debanture Debt $10,495,207 30 Net Local Improvement Debenture Debt 5,187,767 62 Net Toronto Railway Debenture Debt 991,836 90 $16,674,811 82 Other features, such as an extension or more even distribution of the bal- ance of the Local Debt, for the future ; limitation on increasing future liabilities ; on account of local improvements, and on the genera! debt. The extension and " conversion " of the general debt, or the issue of stock or $1,000 debentures at long or short periods, to be determined, which can be invested in by our own people, instead of depositing in Government savings banks, etc., — would require nlore time and space than can be usefully spared just now. A minor but useful suggestion, I would add, as to the *' crossings " at King and Yonge, and Yonge and Queen. Every citizen down town must beat times alarmed at the prospect of accidents, which may be of a serious nature, at those corners. To avoid such, or help to avoid such, a simple way is indicated — let, on each street, be constructed a foot pavement crossing, about two cars in length from the present crossings, and women and children at least could cross from street to street with little danger. When someone is killed, then the living will cry aloud to have so simple a protection provided. I cannot close this abbreviated statement, relating to important interests of : 1 ; I 64 the city, and I hope the brevity has not occassioned obscurity, they without noting the lucid and intelligible statements of aflFairs in the different reports of ^i^ ^i*y o^ciala, and I especially recognize the annual report of the Treasurm- (R. T. Coady), and the report of the Assessment Commissioner (N. Maughan) When one gets a little used to them, they become, iu themselves, agreeable and interesting reading, though upon digestion, the contents occasion bitterness. I have to mention with satisfaction, the rapid, careful and skilful work of the publishers and printers, The Hunter, Rose Co., Ltd. Their expeditious and clean work have surprised me. ;«• r,h I ., i ■- !-C -.^ ^• ■y" It \* ■*■ -..'S'.i t t* ithout )rts of asurei' ?han). e and 3. Drk of IS and i« .'■■ '/ FROM 6 TO % i6 FOR YOUR MONEY 55 Provide a competency for your old age, by the purchase of An Annuity Bond in that ^:^ Strong and Successful Company, the North American Life, and thus secure, according to your age, a definite, specified, guaranteed Annual Income, during the remainder of your life, of from 6 to 16 per cent. For rates and other particulars, apply to WM, McCABE, FJ.A., Managing Director. Telephone No. 38. BEATY, HAMILTON & SNOW, Barristers, Solicitors, . . Notaries, &c. . . JAME8 BEATY, Q.C., D.G.L, J. C. HAMILTON, LLB., A. J. RU88ELL SNOW., 0. P. SMITH. OFFICES CONFEDERATION LIFE CHAMBERS, TORONTO t u 66 CONFEDERATION ^ LIFE ASSOCIATION. Take out one of the UNCONDITIONAL ACCUMU- LATIVE POblClBS issued by the Confederation leife Association; they make provision for ^RANTEED CASH Y^™^^ PMD-UP POLm EXTEHDED IHJURm It will Pay you to send for pamphlet describing this most desirable form of Policy. J. K. W. C. MACDONALD, ACTUARY. MACDONALD, MAflAGINa DIRECTOR. It JVlajor=Qeneral K^er invites the attention of the public to his very carefully selected Himalavan and other Mian Teas Prices vaiying from dOc. to 85c. On receipt of P. O. O., 5 lbs. delivered free to any Express Office in Ontario, and 10 lbs. to any part of Que- bec, as far as Murray Bay. Samples and Circulars sent Free to applicants. ADDRESS. Major-Qeneral Jonathan Keer, 72 Church Street, TORONTO Is it' i i mimffS^m^m^f^^mw.^'f^mm^Kmjfltmim^m'A^i.mmrt^iimm^tmnmmmi^ifmmi-vti' |rf'«.Hiiv;wvi|v iniwiwfffi^- I vi4\t^u w> -i-»«im-**»^/«iP'P«ppiijPijf ULiiii^ui^^p*(Hi|i»p»iini. iui||.iu«^H{ffipcnVp|[|^