CIHM Microfiche Series (IMonographs) ICIMH Collection de microfiches (monographles) Canadian Institut* for Historical Microroproductions / institut Canadian da microraproductiont hittoriquas Techriical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibiiographiques n The Institute has attempted to obtain the best oriqinai copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming are checked below. □ Coloured covers / Couverture de couleur □ Covers damaged / Couverture endommagte Covers restored and/or laminated / Couverture restaur^ et/ou pelliculte Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps / Cartes gdographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) / Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations / Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material / Re\i6 avec d'autres documents Only edition available / Seule Edition disponible D D D y\ Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along ' interior margin / La reliure serr^e peut causer de Tombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge int^rieure. D D Blank leaves added during restorations may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming / II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6X6 film^s. Additional comments / Commentaires suppl^mentaires: L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur dxemplaire qu'il lui a 6X6 possible de se procur«- r. Les details de cet exem- plaire qui sont peut-«tre u..ques du point de vue bibli- ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une nfK>difk»tion dans la m^tho- de nonnale de filmage sont indkju^s ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages / Pages de couleur I I Pages damaged / Pages endom.magdes □ Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages restaurtes et/ou pellicul^s Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / Pages dteolortes, tachet^es ou piques I I Pages detached / Pages d6tach6es \/\ Showthrough/ Transparence Q Quality of print varies / Quality in^gale de I'impression Includes supplementary material / Comprend du materiel suppldmentaire Pages wholly or partially obscured by en-ata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image / Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 film^s k nouveau de fa^on k obtenir la meilleure image possible. Opposing pages with varying colouration or discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayan; des colorations variables ou des decolorations sont film^s deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure Image possible. D D n Thia Kam is f IIitmcI at tha raduetion ratio chackad balow / Ca doeumant aat film* au taux da rMuction indiqii* ci-daaaoua. lOx 14x 18x 22X 26x SOx 1 12x 16x 20x 24x 28x 32x Th« copy filmed h«r« hM b««i) r«produc«d thanks to th« 9«n«reMty of: National Library of Canada L'aaomplsira film4 fut roproduit grAco k la OAnoroait* do: Bibliothoquo national* du Canada Tho imagM appoaring haro ara ttia bast quality poaaibia eonaidaring th* condition and lagibility of th* original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract spacificationa. Original copiaa in printed paper covara ara filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the leat page with a printed or illuatreted impree- sien, or tfio back cover when appropriate. All ottier original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sien. and ending on the iaat page with e printed or illuatreted impresaion. Les images suivantes ont itA rsproduitss svac Is plus grsnd soin. cempts tonu da la condition at da la netteti de l'e« porous «•, -pec-; •' invisi"n need be made for drain- »?e. If it is impervious clay a will be k-Ttcr to cr dm in the area to be used for I loe storage. The earth should be covered t.> a dcpt" of six inches with broken stone, tome prn 1 or cinders. Bcforo layinu' in tii.' i. . ^pr-ad about one foot of sawdust or planing mill shavings over the floor. A space i 'east . w t -ot should be left Mtween the ice and the walls to be till d with - Inning mill shavings, the I latter preferred. Cover the ice with one foot of naterial. Improved Ice Houses and &ii gerators. Tiie plans shown and descril>ed in this bulletin a Mve to erect special ice houses or who may desire tu Immanent facilities than the ordinary ice supply nff.rd Phm Xo. 1* is intended primarily for the use of pat creameries, and is really a combined covered milk stand -. I Ian No. 2 is an ordinary ico house with milk room u Plan No. 3 is the same as No. 2, without the milk r- nans 2 and 3 are arranged on the same principle as an oi «ith an extra large space for ice. The ice box is tilled from ntcn'1'^ for tho^-e who may vide more convenient and t..m. Thi. ,.l ' -l« .K "" ? ""■■"""'-"* iu-ulation i„ the walli^ fl.K.r and ocilinR of the ico d .a.nU. ' take the place of the UMial coverii.ff or packinjc material In plans 1. 2 and .!. tl.o , . ation or eoveriuR of «awdu*t. •havingH or other material mu*t be n.„..w..| . time the u-e house u tilled. In ,m whore couvenienee of operation and general efficic.iey are ffiv.,, ,i,.| eonaiderrtion aa awnn^t initial c.«t, wo atronply rec.mmend Plan No. 4. Tl... U and one mon, courM, of lumber in the wall*, an in.ula.ed '.eilinK mu.t Ik- ,,r,, L other pir.."'' *" ' ' * "'"*■' "' **"•* '"'^'"'"» '""^«""' ^^''^J" '« »-'l i-'SI and lilvfr'T'l""'.' •"''"•'^•«"»"«^« «^ »»>'' two .y.tem. are obvious. l'l„n. l •nd 3 provnte, for the eheap...t eonMtnietion. but the annual renewal of the in.,.!, i';i or eoyerinff materia and the laK.ur of filling the ice boxe. from time to i! «u ..matic in its operation, requiring no attention thn.„Khout the seaao.f ' hod the refriKentor, for e,K,l,n« purponen, n. nhown by the arrows in tl..- J' at A A. An op,.,„nff ut the bottom of the pr;-tition between the iee ol...„ I i ine section at A A shows the refrigerator with n lower ceiling tlum the i.o .l,. • ber The object of this i« simply to reduce the air .spa<-e whi.h has o ho . i ti ceiling of the nfrit-erator need not be more than sevrVLt hU \ ^ of that height would be useless for storage p pose ^ *^"'' '''"'■" '" "" SPECIFICATION. Plan No. i. The foundation may be of oon.T**' . -•■iiie or woolin *ill«'. Erect on top ni foun- tion :i-inch x 4-inch Htuds ton fet loi •' ■ hree foot ciiitre*. Cover the outniile idbpboards or nhiplap siding. Insiile »' M\uh iiround the ii-e chninlxT. t-n'f* oiii> (ir** of rouKh lumber or i-inoh T. & <«. shoathirx. For oonvi-nioncj? in hmitllinK the eiiiiK, a floor should \to laid over thut part of the building roiorvod for the milk lit the usual heivht from the (jround. The oonstrm-tion of tho liuihlinK i* so Illy chown in the illustration that no further dosi-ription i« nt-ciiv.'iiry. When putting in the ice, it should be surrounded with ot leait one foot of saw- (If iilaning "^ ■ shavings. The -pace over the ice should In* well venti- d, Tliit help ;< ...ry off tlio beat which will neeiinuilnte un-lir tlir lonf nnhowii in plan. Finish the inside of milk room with one course of i-inch T. vS: O. matched lumber. tlif -ide next the ice 'e foundation., should be of stone or concrete, fourteen inete thick and two or three feet deep, ac-ording to the nature of the site. Jioor in Ice Chamher.-The .^rea of the floor in the ice chamber should be ^ade^ with a slope of three inches to one corner. Lay rows of field tile three feet' arat leading to the low corner and connect same to the drain outside the buildiuir. The connecting >«.^ould be trapped to prevent passage of air. Cover the tilo wit,, eigh: inches of coal cinders. If cinders are not procurable, clean gravel may be u.eci. On top of cinders or grave , lay loose boards. This forms the permanent floor of the i^e cliamber and provides drainage for tlie melting ice. folloSrwtf-"'""''''" ""' '''"'■'■''"'-'''^^'^ fl-^-^ -«y be made in one of tl:e . , ^- ^/y ^"Y '"^^es nf concrete over area of floors. On top of tins Inv three inches of cork board and finish with one-inch of cement. (See detail dra;i,S dimn nr^nf t ^Z ^"^"''^ a«d groo^^d floor on 2-inch x 4-inch joist., (over with Fm LCl ^ • T^'.f^:^^'-^ P''i^-*> 2-inch X 6-inch joists at 24-inch centres. tonl, e^t 1 ''""" TV'''\ "'«'""^ """ shavings an.l cover witli li-inch flooring tongucd and grooved. (See detail drawing.) .nn«Slfr'^^-i,?"!r*^"r''^ ^^"""^ ^""^ ^* "^"^^ ^^^^ ^est and being of permanent construction will be the cheapest in the end. 4 ;., J"?'/ ^f ^^'«'''^f. Hefricnrator and Ante-room.-Erect two rows of 2-ineh s" oiT^iJe S'tr T7 'Vn^i"' '"J'T' ' 'P-''*^" °* 1- •"'^^^^ between the inside an,l 3-inch tongucd and grooved lu.nber (spruce preferred), two ply of felt buildinsr paper. and finish with siding or clapboards uniform with the creamery building. Cover the n t} ^ I 'SI f "■ ■ [ •- 3=31 a Hi 18 Lide of the studs with two coiirses of Z-inch tongued and grooved spruce chenthing. h two-ply of damp-proof paper between. Ceilings.— Erect 2-inch x R-jnch joists at 24-inch centres. Cov. .• under oide oi ksts with two courses of J-inch tongued and grooved spruce fiheathing. with two-ply I damp-proof paper between. Finish ceiling of ice chamber with an additional course I J-inch tongued and grooved spruce over one-inch furri ig strips, same as specified walls of ice chamber, raHJii'on*.— Partition between ice chamber and ante-room, and between ice mber and refrigerator, to be constructed in the same manner as the outside walls. Lriition between refrigerator and ante-room to be constructed with 2-ineh x 6-inch lidding covered on both sides with two courses of i-ineh tongued and grooved spruce leathing with two-ply of felt paper between. Doors.— The door into ante-room and the door between ante-room and re- |igerator to be fittefl with bevelled frames, as shown in plan. Make the doors irelled to fit frames, with two courses of J-inch spruce sheathing both inside and L*ide with a 4-inch space filled with shavings, these doors to have an opening 6 feet h feet 6 inches clear. The door from the ante-room into the ice chamber to be of same construction I other doors, with an opening 4 feet x 2 feet inches clear. The bevcVicd faces of I doors to be covered with felt to make as nearly as possible an air-tight joint. Window.— Make a window 2 feet x 2 feet in ante-room ojjposite the door in the Ifrigerator so as to allow some light to enter the refrigerator when the door is open. The window to be fitted with double sash well battened. Openings for air circulation.— Make two openings, each 18 inches x 6 inches in |ie partition between ice chamber and refrigerator. Place one opening at the ceiling f refrigerator and the other near the floor. Fit each opening with a sliding cover. 1 two similar openings 12 inches x 6 inches in partition between ante-room and ! chamber. Inside finish. — The whole interior of the ice chamber, ante-room and refrigerator fcouW be given a coat of boiled linseed oil. The ante-room and refrigerator should I finished in hard oil varnish or whitewash. Put no ventilator in the ice chamber, ante-room or refrigerator. General Notes. Filling the Ice ^^aamher in Plans 1, 2 and 3. — Before filling the ice chamber, lay kbout ten inches of planing mill shavings or sawdust over the permanent floor and mer with loose boards. This layer of insulating material can be renewed every year p when it shows signs i>f decay or mustiuess. Leave a space of at least one foot «tween the ice and the walls to be filled with sawdust or planing mill shavings. Filling the Ice Chamber in Plan No. 4- — ^When proper provision has been made drainage, cover the floor with a layer of sawdust or planing mill shavings as in "lans 1, 2 and 3. Pack the ice closely against the walls and put no covering material I^Ter it. Insulation. — Refrigerating engineers have during the last few years practically piscardetl the empty space — the so-called dead air space — once extensively used for 14 hTlhl'V"'^'?- Theoreti-illy. « dead air space is a poor conductor of l,e., butthe ord.na,7 a.r space is not a dead air space. As one side of the space l-c „! warmer than the other. tl« air immediately in contact with it become. 11.},°! account of Uie increase in temperature, and at once ascend,, while colder air frrl the other side takes its place Thus we have « circulation of air within the Z\ and heat is carried from one side to the other by convection ' .n«,?''"'^''f ' '^'^ «''»7'"«!y difficult to get the work done properly when einpH spaces are depended on for insulation. The slightest crack or opening, even a aM hole, tends to destroy the efficiency of this form of construction In ie insulation of wooden walls, tlie best practice at the pre^.nt time provi.ij for an outer and inner shell, as nearly as practicable impervious to air and .h.mnne. with a space between to be filled with some non-conducting material. The width ' the spa<» will depend on the filling to 1« used and the temperature to be n.aintainii' in the storage room. ™ ' For a cold storage constructed of wood, there is no better material for Wii^M spaces than plan, g mill shavings. W.ere available at all, they are cheap; tl-ov - elastic and do not settle readily; but most important of all, thev can be i^>u^ in a very dry condition, which is essential, and, further, they do not absorb nK,i.t„. readily after Inung placed in position. They may bo some difficulty in ol,t;,i„iD, J sufficient supply of shavings in places remote from manufacturing centres l.nt mm of the large sa.h and door factories now pack shavings in bales, weighinjr nl.oiit ": pounds each, for convenience in shipping. The weight of shavings require.l to Hll! given space will depend somewhat on the kind of wood from which they are made ar,l also to some.extent on how tightly they are packed, but a fair average i« fr,',,, »J to nine pounds per cubic foot of space. They should be packed sufficientlv to t.rev,- subsequent settling. ' ' " Sawdust vs. Shailng..-Rociiu^e it costs little or nothing and is rendilv nvail.lV in most country districts there has been a tendency to use sawdust for tiliin- s,*^ m the walls of small cold storage buildings. It is, however, far from bein,^ a 'ati^ factory material for this purpose. In the first place, as sawdust is cut fr "r«: timber. It if always more or less damp and is, therefore, not a goo.l iu^ukuu ^ material. The dampness not only conducts heat, but it encourages the ^T.nvtii of mould and rot, first m the sawdust itself, and then in the walls of the buihiin'- Jl= a result of the mould the air in the storage room be..mes mustyand thus injurio;. to the quality of the foods stored therein. The settling of the sawdust, eau...! bv tfe growth of mould and consequent heating, leaves open spaces, which further wcate the insulation. In the experiments already referred to. we found bv actual t.-t that shavings are very much superior to sawdust for irsulating purposes, apart fn-m the objection to the sawdust on account of the mustiness which nearlv alwavs appear^ in rooms where it is used as a filling in the walls. If it is found impo.e useets a more complete cold storage should apply for a copy of Bulletin Xo. 36. " hich gives particulars of a plan dcpiuned o-pecially for creamery purposes. Blue Printi Supplied frfp.— Blue prints on a scale of J inch to one foot for any of the plans in this bulletin will Ik; -uppHed freo on application to the Dairy and (old Storage Commissioner. Size of Ice Chamher. — It is impossible to lay down any general rule for the size of the ice chamber.*, ns so much depends on what the iee or the refrigerator is used for. In Plans 1, 2 and 3, one ton of ice will occupy about 40 cubic feet of space including covering material. In Plan 4, where no covering material is used it requires a somewhat less space for a ton of ice, dciiending on how closely it is packed. Quantity of Ice Required for Season's Supphi.—\ cubic foot of ice weighs 57} pwinds. One ton of solid ice mea.«urcs, approximately. 05 cubic feet. A consumpt'in of two cubic feet 115 pounds) per day for four month* would amount to nearly seven tons. Allowing for the waste when such a comparatively small body of ice is stored. a building 10 feet square and 10 feet high will afford ample space for that quantity of ice if it is carefully packed. Fift, junds per day for four montk* would amount to three tons. Allowing for waste, a solid block of ice six feet square and six feet high should be sufficient if properly stored. For the purpose of estimating the weight of ice roughly by the number of blocks, the following table will be found convenient : — 12 blocks 18x36 inches «i inches thick =: 1 ton 10 « 18 X 30 11 10 =r 1 8 " 18x36 j. 12 z= 1 4 18x36 f; 14 •• 1 6 " 18x36 a 16 •• 1 5 " 18x36 it 20 — 1 I