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This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiqud ci-dessous. 10X MX 18X 22X 26X 30X y 12X 16X 20X 2 signifie "A SUIVRE ', le symboie V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre fiimte d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un sevi cliche, il est film^ 6 partir de i'angle supArieuir gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 WF m^mifm WW ■W Tt t ^""f^ %^ ..Mm ALL-ROUND ROUTE Pn M AND AMic Guide OF THE ST, LAWRENCE; HUDSON river; SARATOGA; TRENTON FALLS ; NIAGARA ; TORONTO' THOUSAND ISLANDS AND THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE; OTTAWA- MONTREAL; qUEBEC ; THE LOWER ST. LAWRENCE AND ' SAGUENAY RIVERS ; THE WHITE MOUNTAINS ; PORTLAND ; BOSTON ; NEW YORK ; AND WESTERN TOURISTS' GUIDE TO THE WEST, EMBRACING Detroit, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, Minneapolis, (fee. -» <•» CANADA RAILWAY NEWS CO, ( 496 St. James Street, Montreal, Publishers, Booksellers, and General Railway Nt BRANCHES AT PORTLAND, Me. ; DETROIT, Mich. ; TORONTO HALIFAX, N.S., and CHICAGO, III. 1888. 1 #1 I. \ ADVERTISEMENTS. WINDSOR H rn H Incomparably the best Hotel in the Dominion, A Home for the Traveller, built, equipped and conducted on the best New York Models. Its airy site on Dominion Square makes it a DELIEHTFOL PLACE OF SUMMER BESIOEIICE, whilst within easy walking distance of the chief points of interests in the city. GEORGE ILES, Manager. K::> ' 73!!!t^^■""« The following is the Scale of Prices : Per Month, from $30 to $60, according to location of Room. Per Week, from $10 to $16, " << « Per Day, from $2 to $2.50 and $3 " " •« T vw*'"'^ ^J ""?""' ^"' business men, called to the city daily, including Railway 1 icket in and out, carriages to and from Hotel and R. R. Station, from $46. Reasonable rates for children and servants. For further informatibn apply to CAnSPBEX.!^ BROXHER8, Proprietors. n.u^fi^ul^^ o ^Y St. Hiliiirc Park on the River Richelieu, opened this season, is Zlll^ " — '' **"'' T. ^^'^ !•"« «f tne G. T. R'y. It is the largest pleasure ground in the Dominion, and is ov/ned by Lt. Col. B. F. Campbell. 4 '' ',^- j^g g^s ^g ^ as: JOHN HENDERSON & CO., Hatters and FaTvieT'sl MONTREAL. Tourists are invited to call and examine our stock, on view during the Summer, embracing all the finest classes of EUSSIA, HUDSOl^'S BA7 AND CANADIAN FURS. All manufactured on the premises in the best manner and latest styles. English, F. eneh and American Hats of all kinds received from the he&t makers weekly. \ "Within two s $ ADVERTISEMENTS. 'INDSOR HOUSE, Ottawa. S. DANIELS, Proprietor. I ^ItWa two ainates Walk of the Parllaaent Building., Pest Offlee and ToUgraph Ofllcoi. OmnlbMdi meet all Boats and Trains. "HOS, LOGAN, President. JOHN MACFARLANE, T/-Mj^T .r, ^,^ Vice- Pregident li- Man. Director. JOHN S YOUNG, Sec.-Trens. 'madi Fap If (LIMITED) MANUFACTURERS OF ^hite and Tinted Flat Writings, Envelope and Cover Papers, Papers Book, News and Poster Papers, Bleached and Unbleached Bag, Hosiery and Manilla Papers, Brown Wrapping, Roofing Felt, &c., &c. SPECIAL PAPERS MADE TO ORDER. .^ HEAD OFFICE AND WAREHOUSES: »78, 680 & 582 CRAIG STREET, MONTREAL. WBSTEEN BRANCH : 11 PEONT STSEET WEST, TORONTO. WORKS: Windsor Mills and Spnng^•ale Mill. vi ADVERTISEMENTS. 1 CENTENNIAL FIRST PRIZES. LANTHIER & CO 271 Notre Dame Street, Montreal, Hatters and Furriers, WERE AWARDED THE INTERNATIONAL AND ONLY COLD MEDAL For Furs from the Dominion of Canada. IMPORTERS OF FINE RUSSIAN AND OTHER FURS, PERSONALLY SELECTED. "We specially invite Strangers to visit our brilliantly. lighted Show Rooms, ■where a large assortment of Furs is constancy on view. SEAL SACQUES AND SILK CIRCULABS A SPECIALTY. Also, the Largest Stock of IMPORTED ENGLISH and FRENCH HATS to be found in the City. Kartin Is Sa&gstar's Vmbreilu, Water Proofs and Bubbtr Ooods. g^^ONE PRICE ONLY. ADVERTISEMENTS. vii SPECIALTY. If THyMO-CBESOL SOAP If ! 'he Finest and Purest Toilet Soap in the World. lade entirely from vegetable oils, and containing lo per cent ofTHYMO-CRESOL. Highly recommended by leading physicians and chemists. Cures all skin eruptions, removes sunburns, makes the skin 3ft and smooth, and wonderfully improves the complexion By its medicinal and- disinfectant properties, it is Invaluable for the Childrens' Bath. TRAVELLERS should always carry it. ^hose going to the country should take it with them or obtain it. [old l)|f Druggists Evefjwhere and by fIrst-Class Grocers, or sample Tablet mailed free to any address upon receipt of IS cents. ' i Proprietors and Manufacturerg. CANADIAN BRANCH, [59 CRRIG STREET. ^^ MONTREAL. Trade supplied by any Wholesale Druggist or Grocer. ▼Hi ADVERTISEMENTS. INDIAN EMPORIUM OF CANADA, ESTABLISHED 1844. 1790 & 1760 Kolre Dame k 35 St. John Streets, MOXTREIIL, MODEL LACROSSES, 10c. each to $1.80 MODEL TOBOGGANS. 10c. each to $3.00 MODEL SNOWSHOES, - ISc. each to $3.S0 MODEL MOCCASINS, lOc. each to - - $2.00 IMPORTERS OF Wail Papers, - 5c. and upwards Baskets, • - 3c. " Hammocks, - 75c. " MUSICAL INSTBUMENTS. BEADS OF EVURY DESCRIPTION. Manager. ESTATE G. fi. MOLLAND, ADVERTISEMENTS. ANADA, , MONTREm, ch to $1.80 ;h to $3.00 5h to $3.30 1 A.SINS, $2.00 OF IX TACKLE Co Goods and Smallwares. Manufactures & Importers —OF — Fish Hooks, —AND— 'PORTING \ Fishing \ Tackle. — ALSO — ■ '-^-w-r^^ now shoes. Toboggans & Moccasins. A good stock always on hand from best Indian makers. MENTS. ■.AWN TENNIS, CRICKET GOODS, BOXING GLOVES IPTION.B ^"tJ a large variety of GENERAL SPORTING GOODS. ESTATE I OSTELTj & CO., fioLLAND,p/4 ST. PAUL STREET, ADVERTISEMENTS. WM. NOTMAN & SON, §hotagrafiheris to the §mm, 17 Bleury St, Montreal, LARGEST SELECTION OF 3. 7.8 ♦ ♦ .yiia-— Our New Instantaneous] Process quite a marvel "^fn Photo grapJEy. OUR k PRICES \ WILL + BE k FOUND * REASONABLE. CARTES, - . $2.00 to $4.00 Per Doz. CABINETS, - , $4.00 to $8.00 « A feature worthy of notice is the Parlor, No. ii6, at the Windsor Hotel, east end of the Grand Corridor. ADVERTISEMENTS. WILLIAM STANLEY, xi nil ^^^ 6g and 71 St. John Street, Fine's Paper and Envelopes^ Stationery of all kinds, Novels, " Seasides," " Franklin Squares," Juveniles, Gift Books, &c., &e., &e. xli ADVERTISEMENTS. BOWMANVILLE, ONTARIO, MANUFACTURERS OF First-Class Pianos and Organs. lllvheat Honorn wherever exhibited. Internittfonnl Mednla and DlplomaH of Honor at Philadelphia, 1H7«: Sidney, Australia, 1877: Parla, France, 187S; and over 50 First Prlaea In Canada and different parts of the Witrid. ^^Two of our instruments, an Organ and a Piarip, have been selected for Rideau Hall, Ottawa, for the special use of the Gov- ernor General, I.adj Lansdowne, and Lady Melgund. Jnsti^uments for^rtists a Sfeciai*ty. Square and Upright Pianos, Parlor, Students, Chapel and Church Organs, Organs with Two Manuals and Pedal Bass. PRICES FROM $50.00 to $1,00000. FACTORY, - - BOWMANVILLE, ONTARIO. BRANCH OFFICES: ENGLAND, London and Manchester; GERMANY, Hamburg: SOUTH AMERICA, Georfjetown; AUSTRALIA, Sidney and Ade&ide. NEW ZEALAND. Auckland. L. B. N. PRATTE, General Agent. Wholesale and Retail Salesrooms, (the finest in the Dominion), 1676 Kotre Dame Street, Montreal, ^S»Where we keep in stock over loo Instruments of all descriptions at Factor%' Prices. VISITORS WELCOME. XIII BCIAI*TY. ONTARIO. tions at Factorj' ADVERTISEMENTS. FOR 'TORONTO & RIVER 8T. LAWRENCE. THE PALACE STEAMER ''CHICORA," Running between rewlBton, NlAirara itnat and retu n by any train, or vice wrsa (good one day), *i. ^o. do. (good three days), $1.75 ; Saturday to Monday, excii.„ boat and return bv a.m. train, or vice versa , $1.25. Steame? Milloy's Wharf daily at 5 p.ui. WM. EDGAR, G. T. R. R. GEO. W. KEITH, Man. Str. Southern Belle. MATES BV STEAMER: HAMILTON, .... Single, 75c.; Return, $125 SEASON BOOK TICKETS, $5.50 Saturday and Wednesday Excursions. GEO. W. KEITH. CONTENTS. PflffS. Classified Index to Advertisers xix-xx Index to Maps Index to Places "^^'*i.''*'';;*;; xvii-xix Introduction „ VABIOUH nOUTI-M BY KAIL AND WATER DESCRIHEI). Hudson River Route, via People's Lino or Day Line of Steamers ; or, via New York, West Shore & Buffalo Ry. , 1-31 Pittsfield and Western Massachusetts, via Boston & A Ibany „ ^- ^ 31-39 Hudson River and Troy 39-43 Albany, Troy, Scranton, Binghamton, Cooperstown, Sharon Springs and Schenectady, via Delaware and Hudson Canal Co. R. R 43-64 Saratoga Springs, via Delaware and Hudson Canal Co. R.R. 64-103 Fort Edward Station, Glen's Falls, Fort William Henry, and Lake George, via Branch of Delaware and Hudson Co. R. R 102-108 f?;*"^-" 108-111 Albany to Trenton Falls, Watkins Glen, Seneoa Lake, via West Shore Route and Rome, Syracuse and Rochester R. R., Utica and Canandaigua, or via New York, Lake Erie and Western, Elmira, Seneca Lake 111-112 Niagara Falls, via New York, Lake Erie & Western R. R., To Suspension Bridge ' 112-I52 Detroit and Chicago, via Great Western Division Grand Trunk Railway and Michigan Central R. R., Hamilton, Lomlon, Detroit, Jackson and Michigan City 152-162 Chicago, As It Was, and As It Is 162-185 Chicago to Milwaukee, St. Paul and Minneapi)iis, via Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul R. R 185-193 CONTENTS. XV Milwaukee to Grand Haven, viaGoderich Line of Steamore, ' and to Detroit, via the Detroit, Grand Haven and Mil- waulcee R. K 2^3 Detroit to Suspension BridRe, via Great Western R. R. . . . 193 Suspension Bridge to Toronto, via Great Western R. R., or by Steamer (-liicoru from Lewiston and Niaj?ara 193-200 Toronto 200-206 Toronto to Montreal, via Can. Pac. Ry., Ontario Division ; or by Grand Trunk R. R. to Kingston, and Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Steamers, or by R. and O. Steamers, Cobourg, Belleville, Kingston, Thousand Islands, Brockville, Rapids of the St. Lawrence 206-226 Montreal to Ottawa, via Can. Pac. Ry ; or Ottawa Nav. Go's Steamers, St. Annes, Lake of Two Mountains, Carillon, L'Orignal, Caledonia Springs 226-230 Ottawa , 230-233 Montreal 233-2.56 Montreal to Belunl Mountain, via Grand Trunk R. R., Vic- toria Bridge and St. Hilaire 256 Montreal to Quebec, via Grand Trunk R. R. ; or Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Co., Sorel and Three Rivers ; or by North Shore R. R 257-263 Quebec 263-274 Quebec to the Lower St. Lawrence, and Saguenay River, via St, Lawrence Steam Navigation Co., Murray Bay, Tadousac and Ha ! Ha ! Bay ; or by Intercolonial R. R. to Rivi6re du Loup and Cacouna, and St. Lawrence Steam Navigation Co. up the Saguenay 274-290 Quebec to White Mountains, via Grand Trunk R. R., Rich- mond, Island Pond, and Gorham, or by Grand Trunk • R. R. Co. to Sherbrooke, and Passumpsic R R. to Newport, Vt, thence by Passumpsic R. R. Boston, Concord & Montreal R. K 290-317 White Mountains to Portland, via Grand Trunk R. R. . . . 317 Portland ^ gj y^wi Portland to White Mountains, via Portland and Ogdensburg R. R., North Conway, Crawford's or Fabyan's 324-328 Portland to Harriston and return, via Sebago, Portland and Ogdensburg R. R. and steamer on Lake Sebago; Sebago, Mount Pleasant and Lake Station 328-330 XVI CONTENTS. rortlaiul to Now York, via The Maino StonuiHliip < o. . . . . l*ortlaii(i to Boston, via Bt»8ton & Maine R. R, rortsnioiitli, Salem, Lynn, or via the Portia n 1 Steam I'aeket Ht<^amerH.. Portland to New York, via I'ortiaml an8ton Montreal to New York, via the Central Vermont R. R.,St. Albans, Missiscinoi Park, Burlington, Albur^'h Springs, Wau^rbury, Vt., Wiiite River Junction, Rutland, Troy or Springfield, or via the Delaware and Hudson Canal R. R., Rouse's Point, Plattsburg, Whitehall and Al- bany ; or by mil to Rouse's Point and Piatthburg, and the Chauiphiin Transi)ortation Co. to Burlington and Ticonderoga, thence by R. R. us before to Albany Montreal to New York and Bcston, via South Eastern R. R., to Newport, Lake Memphrenmgog; Passumpsic R. R.., to White Mountiiins, Boston, Concord and Montreal R. R. to Lake Winnepesaukee, Portland, Old Orchard Beach, Boston and the Now England sea-sido resorts ; and to New York, via Wells River and White River JVinction, and Connecticut River R. R. to Springfield and New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railway to New York Lake Champlain Route, via Grand Trunk Railway, Dela- ware and Hudson Canal Co. Railway to Plattsburg, and Champlain Transportation Co., Port Kent, A usable Chasm, Burlington and Ticonderoga New York to Long Branch, Atlantic City, Ocean House and Cape May, via the New York an' Pond, N.Y Boston, Mns3 Roterbergh, N.Y. Bowmanville.Ont Brandon, Vt Breakneck, N.Y.. Brock's Monu- ment, Ont 196 213 169 396 18 30 397 39 394 11 377 51 334 46 396 27 261 160 396 22 323 256 208 am 39 47 105 337-355 21 207 369 21 PAOR 216 Brookville.Ont... Bunker's llill.Bos ton. Mass BuHington, Vt. .. Burning Spring, Niagara Falls. . Buttermilk Falls, N. Y Cacouna, Que Caledonia Springs, Ont .. Caldwell'sLanding, N. Y Camp DQuglaa.Wif . Cape Eteraity .Que. Cape Say, N J.... Cape Trinity. Que. Carbondale.N.Y. Carillon, Que Catskill Fiills.N.Y Catskill Mountains, N. Y Caughnawaga.Que Cedars. Que Central Bridge, N.Y .. Chaudi^re Falls, Ont Cherry Valley, N.Y Chicago, III .... Clayton, N.Y Chin, The, Vt Chryslers Farm, Ont Clove, The, N.Y. . Cobleskill.N. Y.. Cobourg, Ont Cohoes.N.Y Colliers. N.Y oncord, NH ™„ Coney Island. N.Y. 389-391 Convent of Mount St. Vincent.N.Y Cooperstown.N.Y. Cornwall, Ont Coteau du Lac, Que 221 360 362-363 134-135 18 282 229 17 188 286 393 286 ^') 229 29-30 28 225 222 63 232 61 162-185 213 366 217 28 57 207 44 S2 3.32 13 52-56 221 Coxsackle,N. Y.. Crawford Notoh, V H CrDtonLakelN.Y. Crownest, NY.. . Cruger's Island. Crum Elbow, N.Y. Crystal Lake. N.Y Cushing's Island, Me Delles.Wis DayLineofSteMi- •rs Dearborn, Mioh. . Detroit. Mich. ... Devil's Danskam- mer, N.Y Devil's Hole, Nia- gjira Fall's Dickinson's Land- ing, Ont.. Dobb's Ferry, N.Y Dundas, Ont. Dunderberg, Mt., N.Y EchoIjuke.N.H.. Elmira.N.Y Ememld Pool.N.H Fabyans, N.H Fishkill Landing, N.Y ". Flume. The, NH. Fort Ashley ,Masf. Fort Clinton, N.Y. Fort Edward Sta- tion, N.Y Fort George, Lake Oeorge Fort Lee. N.Y... . Fort Montgomery, N.Y Fort Xiagara, N.Y Fort f^nelling.Min. Fort Wa.shington, NY FortWilliamHenry N.Y PAOK. 40 325 17 21 2T 26 SO 188 5 168 156-158 24 139 221 13 .164 17 ao8 115 294 315 24 313 39 18 102 107 12 18 199 190 11 107 i i XVlll I'AOK Franc Nineveh.N.Y 48 North Conway, N.H. . 328 Ocean Beach, N. J. . . . 397 « >cean Grove, N.J — 3^7 Ogden.«burgh, N.Y.. 215 Oka, Que 228 Old Orchard Beach, Me 333 Oneonta, N.Y il Ottawa, Ont 229 233 Otego,N.Y 51 Otsego Lake.N.Y 53 Owl's Head, Que 374 Palisades, N.Y 12 Portage City, Wis.... 187 Porta«e,NY 114 Peekskill, N.Y 17 Perry's Peak, Mass ... .39 Pinkham Notch, N.H 298 Plattsburgh, Vt 376 Port Hope, Ont 207 Portland, Me 319-?23 Portsmouth, Mo 3-31 Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 26 Prescott, Out 216-217 Preston. Minn 188 Profile Rock, N.H.... 310 Prospect Park, Nia- gara Falls 125-127 Pittsfield, Mass .... 32-34 Pontoosuc Lake, Mass. 39 Queen City Park.Vt.. 360 Quebec 263-275 Qveenston, Ont 195 I'AOK I Redwood. N.Y 214 i Rhinebeck Landing, N.Y . 27 ! River Marguerite 288 I Riviere du Loup, Q. . . 281 Richmond, Que 289 I Rockaway, N. J 390 I Rutland, Vt 370 1 Richfic.d Springs, I ,\ . Y 53 I Rockland Lake, N.Y. 16 Hound Lake.N.Y.... 45 i RyeBeach.N.H 335 I Saco. Mo 333 : Sandy Hill, N.Y 102 St. Anne, (jjue... 227 St. Anne's Falls.Q.... 279 Saguenay River, 282-288 Salem , Mass ,336 Salisbury. Mass ;i35 Sandy Hook, N J.... 384 Seabrook, N. H. 335 Sebago Luke, Me. .326-329 Seneca Lake, N.Y.lil-122 Sherbrooke, Que 289 Silver Cascade, N.H. . .314 Songo Kiver, M.E.'. .. 327 Sorel, Qio ., 259 Springfield, Mass 370 Stowe, Vt 361-367 St. Albans, Vt. .. .355-356 St. Paul, Minn....l90-l'Jl St. Regis, Quo 221 Saratoga, N.Y 65-99 Saratoga Lake, N.Y. . 100 Saw-Mill River, N.Y. 13 Scranton, N.Y 49 Schenectady, N.Y .... 64 Shaker Village 39-40 Sharon Springs, N.Y.57-tO Shawangunk Hills, N.Y 24 Sydney.N.Y 51 Sing-Sine, N.Y 16 t-leepy Hollow, N.Y.. 16 South Beacon Hill, N.Y 24 .Spirit Rock, Lake Ohamplain 381 Spuyten Duyvil.N.Y. 11 Stoney Point, N.Y... . 17 St. Catharines.Ont — 152 St. Hilaire.Que 256 Swampscott, Mass — 336 Tarry town, N. Y ..13-14 Thompson's Falls, N. H •. 300 Thorold, Ont 152 Three Sisters' Nia- gara Falls • 141 Three Rivers, Que. ... 261 TadousacQue 282 Thousand Islands. .210-214 Ticonderoga 381 Toronto. Ont 200-206 Trenton Falls,N.Y. 111-112 INDEX. XIX Troy.N.Y 4243 TivoH.N.Y 27 Tuckerman's Ravine, ^N.H .; 302 Tunnel Station, N.Y. 48 Two Mountains, Que. 228 Unadilla. N.Y 51 Victoria Bridge, Q. .252-254 Vaasar I'ollegre. N.Y.. 26 Verplank'3 Point.... 17 I Wahconah Falls, Mass 39 I Waterbury.Vt ,363 iWatkin's Glen, N.Y. l^xr . T. . 115-118 I West Point 20 I Whirlpool Rapids, Ni- „Mnra Falls 136-141 I White River Junction, Vt 369 I Windmill Point, Ont.. 216 «, , .. PAGE Waddington, N.Y.... 217 Wavzata, Minn 192 Wells, Mass 334 West Point, NY.... 19-20 White Mountains, N. H 290-317 Worcester, N.Y 57 York Beach, Me 334 Ypsilante, Mich 158 INDEX TO MAPS. SrargT"!.^''^'"'"™""" "'''"■ Facing Page ii Niagara Falls •••■••■.••••"..".'....!!!............'."."' •« i^ Lower St Lawrence and Saguenay River .< 079 White Mountains ".!!!*.".,'.'.'.'.";! •' 372 CLASSIFIED INDEX TO ADVERTISERS. BAGGAGE TRANSFER. Montreal Baggage Transfer Company ... „ „ BOOKS, Etc. W. Stanley, Quebec XI CONFECTIONERY, Etc. J. W. Tester & Co., Montreal Ostell & Co.. Montreal ^"^^^"^^ "^^^^K^' ^^^- ix _,. ^ GUIDE BOOKS. Ihe International Railway and Steam Navigation Guide 356 „ , HATTERS AND FURRIERS. Henderson, J. & Co., Montreal Lanthier & Co., Montreal ......,.*.'..*... *'^. Renfrew, G. R.& Co., Quebec : •. T' XX17 HOTEI£. Alexandria Bay, N. Y., Crossman's, C. Crossman & Son Panorama Beloeil Mountain . Iroquois House, Campbell Bros . panorama Boston, Mass., Hotel Vendome, Col. J. W. Wolcot "... ". •"' oA' Montreal, Richelieu Hotel, L B. Durocher Tn.>i,il*Wi r. " Qf Ta.^,^^ TT 11 -r"^'""^ Inside Back Cover St. Lawrence Hall, H. Hogan Tn„:H« w,„„t f,„ Windsor Hotel Inside Front Cover Newport, Vt., Memphremagog House, W. F. Bowman Q79 Niagara, Queen's Royal Hotel, McOaw & Winnett '.'. 107 ^qo Ottawa,Ont., Windsor Hotel, S.Daniels Portland, Me., United States Hotel, W. H. McDonald!!.'..'.*.' .".".".'.*"].''.'.'* 331 I i !(■ XX INDEX. Quebec, Can., St. Louis Hotel, Willis Russell Back cover St. Albans, Vt.f American House, S. I. Stroud 361 White Mountains, Profile House, TaflFts vidence, R.I j^^jj PUBLISHERS. Geo. Rose & Co., Toronto, Ont xxiii RAILWAY COMPANIES. Boston & Montreal Air Line Back of Map of White Mountains Canadian Pacific 208 STEAMBOAT & STEAMSHIP LINES. Niagara Nav. Co ;, xiii Richelieu & Ontario x'f avigation Co xxi Southern Belle, Toronto xiii THYMO-CRESOL SOAP. Ness & Co., Mortreal , . . , . yjj ADVERTISEMENTS. xxi Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Co., ROYAL .^g^ MAIL LINE Between Toronto, Kingston, the Thousand Islands, the ftir- fbmed Rapids of the St. Lawrence Biver, Montreal, Quebec, the Saguenay River, and Intermediate P jrts. This Magnificent Line is composed of the trllowing first-class powerful side.wheel Steamers, between TORONTO, MONTREAL AND QUEBEC: CORSICAN Capt. Sinclai ALGERIAN •CORINTHIAN PASSPORT.... aUEBEC MONTREAL.., CANADA Trowell Ada Irvine Nelson Roy Duval TROIS RIVIERES....Capt. CoUette CHAMBLY Capt. Geo. Nelson TERRK BONNE Capt. Laforce BERTHIER .Capt. Jodoin BOHEMIAN Capt. A. J. Baker CULT I VATEUR Capt. Cameron And several other Steamers. Leave Toronto daily (Sunday excepted) a.oo p.m., on arrival of steamers and pas- seneers from NIAGARA FALLS, and from the various railways West and North calling at PORT DARLINGTON (Bowmanville), PORT HOPE. COBOURG KINfiSTON, GANANOQUE. CLAYTON, ROUND ISLAND? THOUSANT) ISLANDS, ALEXANDRIA BAY, BROCKViLLE, PRESCOTT and CORN- y[{^J;-y.../...« OU.. l„ ; _.. .,■' w.^„....-.o, ....V v^jjij-uc^ ituu j-nKt'y Li\.e./\L,,- iransterripg passengers for quebec, leaving at 7.00 p.m., and arriving at Quebec next morning at 6.w a m connecting with steamer for River Saguenay, forming one of the longest line's of inter-water communication oh the Continent, and which for grandeur and variety ■of scenery cannot be surpassed, if equalled, in the world. On or about Tune ist, for the convenience of Tourists, the steamer " ST. LAW- RENCE " will run between Cape Vincent and Alexandria Bay, leaving the former place on arrival of the trains from New York and Niagara Falls; calling at Clayton. Round Island, and Thousand Island Park. Connecfions made at Clayton to and from Gananoque by steamers of the Rathbun Company. (Sundays and Mondays TICKET AGENTS, where Information may be obtained : E. P. BEACH, 271 Broadway, New York. AV. C. TALLMAN, 280 Washingitm Street, „ Boston, Moss. T. D. SHERIDAN, cor. Exchaiijro ami V/H«h- iiigtoii Sfs., Buffalo, N V. \j. BARBER. Niagara Falls, N.Y. OEO. COLBORN, Clifton Home, Niagara Falls, Can. CORNWALL BROS., Alexandria Bay, iJ.Y. o ID Q & H with its white villas snugly perched on the hill-side, to ^arry for a moment in the town. This vicinity possesses \ ll i ■ 'll! m I i ft ;il' I :,Ji 1 6 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. much historic interest, being on the debatable ground of the Revolution, whence, arose the two orders of border chivalry known, as Cow-Boys and Skinners. Andr^ was here captured by Paulding, Van Wurt, and Williams, the American Militia-men. A monument has been erected to commemorate the spot. Sleepy Hollow, made famous by the writings of Washington Irving, is a short distance above the old brick-and-stone Dutch Church, saia to be the oldest church in New York, having been built in 1699. The old bell still hangs in the tower, on v/hose pointed roof is an iron vane which bears the monogram of Frederick Philips, the founder of the church. At Sing Sing, the next station on the line, thirty-three miles from New York, the tourist may possibly exhibit less anxiety to tarry, for, as is well known, it is the seat of the Mount Pleasant Prison, belonging to the State of New York. The village itself contains about seven thousand inhabitants, and is nearly two hundred feet above the river. The prison is built near the river and presents a fine appearance ; that for males being on the lower stage, whilst the building for females is higher up the slope. It has been completed since 1830, and can accommodate over 2,000 persons, the buildings having from time to time been increased as more room was needed. Immediately opposite Sing Sing, the Rockland Lake Ice Company have their depot, and employ a large number of men each winter to cut and store ice for the coming summer's consumption in New York. It is curious to note that whereas New York is almost entirely supplied with ice from this neighborhood, it is also supplied with water from Croton Lake, which is hard by All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 17 Forty to sixty million gallons of water are contributed to it daily, to supply New York with this necessary of life. The water is conveyed from this lake, which is chiefly formed by a long dam being built across it, through an aqueduct thirty-three miles long, right on to New York. The entire cost of this aqueduct was twelve million dollars. It is built of stone, brick, and cement, arched above and below, seven feet eight inches wide at the top, and six feet three inches at the bottom, the side walls being eight feet five inches high. A few more miles travelling takes us past the small village of Haverstraw, which gives its name to a lovely bay, and then past a limestone quarry, extending along the bank for more than half a mile, and two hundred feet in height, and which must prove, from the number of men we can see employed in it, a very profitable speculation. Two miles further on, on thr western side of the river, is Grassy Point, a small village where bricks are made ; and again, one mile higher up, is Stony Point, where there is a redoubt of considerable extent, and another on the opposite side, at Verplank's Point, guarding the entrance of what is called the Lower Highlands. Three miles above Stony Point is Gibraltar, or Cald- well's Landing. Dunderberg Mountain raises its tower- ing head almost immediately in rear of this spot. Directly opposite is Peekskill, a thriving village of some five or six thousand inhabitants. The river here makes a sudden bend to the west. This is called the Race, and the scenery from here for the next fifteen miles is unequalled in beauty. On the right we pass by a rocky promontory called Anthony's Nose, whilst on the left or western side, we have the Dunderberg Mountain already 18 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, m II ifi i alluded to. Anthony's Nose is thirteen hundred feet above the surface of the river. The Hudson River Rail- way has had to tunnel under the bottom of this moun- tain for a distance of two hundred feet. On the opposite side of the river, a large creek can be seen, where vessels of almost any size could anchor. The entrance to this creek is guarded on one side by Fort Clinton, and on the other, by Fort Montgomery ; the two so close to one another that rifle shots could be easily exchanged. Fort Montgomery being on the northern side, and Fort Clin- ton on the lower. Almost immediately under the shadow, as it were, of the former fort, lies the picturesque little island of lona, belonging to Dr. C. W. Grant, and covered in the summer time with vines and pear trees, in the suc- cessful culture of which the worthy Doctor is supposed to be unequalled. A little way above lona, and but half a mile below West Point, we come upon the Buttermilk Falls, caused by the flowing down of a small stream into the river below, and falling over the hill-side a hundred feet in as many yards. This fall; when increased by any late rains or swollen by freshets, welLdeserves the homely name by which it is known, the snow-white foam truly giving it the appearance of buttermilk. Half a mile further up brings us to " Cozzen's Hotel Dock " at West Point. Here the vessel on which we are traveling stops for a while to land passengers who are anxious to remain a day or so at Cozzen's comfortable hotel. This, during the summer season, is a very favor- ite rtoort, and much crowded ; travellers would do well to make use of the telegraph a day beforehand to be- speak accommodation, or they may find themselves dis- appointed on their arrival. All^Rouvd Route and Panoramic Guide, 19 This familiar resort of summer pleasure-seekers is perched high on a cliff, the most prominent for many miles along the river. Nothing could be more picturesque than its situation, high up in the air, looking down upon the 20 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, m lii' 1 4 ll ' 'if!'! noble river. It is several hundred feet above the water, but so perpeTidicular are the rocks that it looks twice the real distance. The view of the old building upon the wharf, with the beetlirj cliff rising abruptly from the river, and crowned by the elegant structure above, needs but little imagination to recall the scenery on many parts of the Rhine. One mile more brings us to West Point itself, the most lovely of all the lovely spots on the river. It is well known as the great Military Academy, and is situated on a plateau two hundred feet above the river. It was established by Act of Congress, in ^ 802, and has usually about three hundred cadets. The buildings, many of them, are e.egant. Near the abrupt northern level of the river is a monument, erected by the students of 1828, inscribed " Kosciusko." A bronze statue of General John Sedgwxk is erected on the parade-ground. He was buried in Cornwall, Connecticut, and the statue and tablet to his memory stand in the town of Cornwall, New York. Space will not enable us to enter fully into a descrip- tion of the course of instruction pursued ; suffice it to say that the fact of a young man having passed through the course is a clear proof of his being an officer, and a gentle- man in its broadest sense. The traveler may well pass a few hours in this locality, and if he should happen to be acquamted with any of the professors, or cadets in the Military College, he will be enabled to go over the build- ings, different galleries, &c., and judge for himself as to whether the instruction and discipline kept up are not likely to produce some of the finest military men — soldiers that any European nation might be proud of. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 21 West Point is the centre of a host of .eminiscenes of the War of the Revolution. Upon Its defences was concen- trated the attention and efforts of Congress, and it became one of the most important military posts in the country. Here from Gee's Point, was stretched across the River Hudson a huge chain to stop the passage of vessels above this point. It was laid across a boom of heavy logs, that floated close together. These were i6 feet long, and pointed at each end, so as to offer little resistance to the tidal current. The chain was fastened to these logs by staples, and at each shore by huge blocks of wood and stone, Several of the great links of this chain are preserved at the Point. Reluctantly we must draw ourselves away from West Point, and allow our steamer to plough her way once more along the flowing current, and between the shady and overhanging cliffs which give so much character to the scene at this spot. A very few revolutions of the wheel will bring us between the Boterberg Mountain on the western side, and the rock called Breakneck, on the eastern bank, forming an imj-osing entrance to New- burg Bay, from which a series cf mountains, hills and cliffs rise in succession, until they seem almost to shut out all remaining nature, and to give the idea that one is at the bottom of a large basin from which there is no possible exit. Crownest is the principal of these moun- tains, rising almost directly from the river bank to a height of nearly one thousand five hundred feet. As the side of this mountain is entirely covered with foliage, the aspect of it in the summer time is most beautiful, and only to be exceeded by the coup doeil in the commencement of October, when the fall tints are in their richest and most 12 AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. luxuriant profusion. Soon after passing between the two rocks, we come to a small town called Cornwall, on the western shore. This is a place of very general resort in summer, and is much noted for its many pleasant drives and walks. Its nearness to the river, and to West Point, makes it a very favorite place for travelers to spend a few days, whilst many stay here a very much longer time during the warm weather. The Linden- Park Hotel is nicely kept, and well patronized. Idlewild, well-known as the residence of the late N. P. Willis, is a little north of the village. Opposite is Cold Spring, fifty-three miles from Nfew York. Here is Undercliff, the beautiful home of Geo. P. Morris. Above this is Bull Hill, now called Mount Taurus, 1,586 feet high. Beacon Hill, 1,685 feet high, is the last of the Highlands ; and when we consider the points of history, poetry and beauty blended together, we can assume that this fifty miles of scenery is unequalled by any in the world. Between Cornwall and Newburg lies the once pros- perous, but now sadly decayed, settlement of New Windsor. It is now almost entirely a collection of small houses in great want of repair. On the shore, but higher above it on the plateau, one can discover several large farms with comfortable houses, giving the idea that if there is decay below, there is prosperity above. Leaving the tumble-down village either to be repaired, or to fall into still greater decay, we will approach the more flourishing town of Newburg, where the steamer stops for a few minutes to discharge some of its passen- gers, and to take up others, and we will employ these few minutes in viewing the substantial streets and houses of Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 23 the town, which, by the by, we should have designated a city, seeing that it boasts of a mayor and corporation of its own. The first settlement at Newburg was made as early as 1709 by some emigrants from the Palatinate; since then, English, Irish, Welsh, Scotch and Germans have followed their example; but of all these varied nationalities the Scotch have, perhaps, done the most towards making the place what it is. Among the large buildings is an extensive flannel factory, in which a very large number of hands are cfeily employed. i r '( ' ,i:':?ii ;: J!i-,.:?i ::t i' : 1 ; i;il: ■1 I i ^fM 24 AlLRound Route and Panoramic Guide. Exactly opposite Newburg, is the more modest-look- ing village of Fishkill Landing, from which place, any traveller anxious to ascend the South Beacon hill,, can do so with the assistance of any of the boy guides to be picked up in the streets of the village ; and let us tell the traveller that he had better avail himself of our advice, and take a guide, or before he reaches the top he may have repented of not having done so, as it is quite easy to lose oneself in the numerous gorges and ravines that are about the summit of the Beacon. As this is one of the highest mountains about here, the view from the top is most extensive and interesting. Far up to the north the Catskill Mountains can be discerned, while to the east the Shawangunk hills are to be seen. South- wards, again, Boterberg and Breakneck, already seen, guard the pass through which the river running at our feet finds its way down to the sea. But it is time that we should descend from our lofty position, and go on our way up the river. A broad, rocky platform, jutting out into the river, can- not fail to attract the traveler's attention. This is called the " Devil's Danskammer," or Dancing Chamber, and, down to a comparatively late date, was used by the Indians as the scene of some of their religious ceremonies. For about the next five miles, we steam on through a pretty country, though without finding anything striking enough to draw attention, until we pass the little village of New Hamburg, lying at the mouth of VVappinger Creek, which is navigable for some distance up. The railroad crosses the Wappinger by a causeway and draw- bridge, and then pierces a promontory jutting out into- the river, by a tunnel about eight hundred feet long All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide, 25 New Hamburg is a pretty little village, but nothing more. About a mile higher up, and on the opposite side of the river, 'is another village called Hampton ; then comes Marlborough, two miles higher up still, with Barnegat nearly opposite, on the right hand side, and again Milton Landing two miles more, on the left hand side. As these villages lie mostly on the high banks of the river, there is not much to be seen of them from the boats, but they act as outlets or ports to the country districts lying behind them; and, judging from the numerous comfortable-looking country-houses in theif immediate neighborhood, must be tolerably thriving. As already stated, these villages are hardly important enough to require mention, but we now approach a city of some twenty-five thousand inhabitants, rejoicing in the peculiar name of Poughkeepsie. As we near this point we pass Locust Grove, the summer home of the late Professor Morse, of "telegraph fame." Pough- keepsie is nearly half-way between New York and Albany, being seventy-five miles from the former, and about seventy from the capital of the State through which we are passing. This " rural city," as an Ameri- can writer has termed it, lies pleasantly upon its group of hills, and overlooks a bright river-view. By day the smoke of its busy mills and factories somewhat mars the scene, but as night draws on, these light up the river like beacons, and the sound of the ponderous machinery and roaring furnaces greets our ears and tells of the energy of the citizens. It was originally settled by the Dutch, towards the close of the seventeenth cent'iry, and is situated, like most of their river cities, at the mouth of a tributary stream or creek. The village, as it was then. ■!!i 4M: J I ilili' :l jiiji 26 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, has much extended, and now occupies the large open plain, about two hundred feet above the river. The streets are broad, handsome, and well planted with trees, affording in summer grateful shelter from the piercing rays of the sun. Poughkeepsie is best known for the very excellent schools and colleges which it contains. Among the many public institutions located here may be mentioned Eastman's Business University; Vassar College, the munificent gift of Matthew Vassar ; the Riverview Mili- tary Academy, Poughkeepsie Military Academy, Pough- keepsie Female Academy, Cottage Hill Ladies' Seminary, Collegiate Institute for Young Ladies. The State Hospital for the Insane will, when completed, accommodate four hundred patients. It is open for the admission of acute cases of both sexes. The drive to Hyde Park, five miles north, is one of the finest on the Hudson. The State Legislature met here in 1777 and 1778; and the State Convention which ratified the Federal Constitution met here in 1768. An ancient stone structure, with loopholes* built in 1705, and known as the Van Kleck house, is an object of curiosity to the antiquarian. Six miles above Poughkeepsie, after a sudden bend in the river, we come upon some rocky and precipitous banks. This used to be called by the original settlers *'Krom EUeboge," but has since been Anglicised into "Crum Elbow." Quite close to this, only higher up the river, stands the village of Hyde Park, called after a former Governor of the State of New York, Sir Edward Hyde, who, we regret to say, did not leave a very satis- factory reputation behind him ; his tyrannical and unprincipled conduct being well known to all who have studied the history of New York when under British rule. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 27 Rhinebeck Landing lies about two miles away from the village of the same name, which was first settled by one William Beekman, a German, who came* from the neighborhood of the Rhine, and called the place partly in honor of his birthplace and partly after himself. Imme- diately opposite Rhinebeck Landing, across the river, is Rondout, and Kingston, a quiet little village, which was burnt by the British in October, 1777. The Delaware and Hudson Canal, built in 1828, terminates here. Its coal business makes this one of the most active business places on the Hudson. The canal is one hundred and nine miles long, and extends to the Lackawaxen River in Pennsylvania. Above here, may be seen Rokeby, the estate of the late William B, Astor. Next above, is Montgomery Place, built by the widow of Gen. Montgomery, who fel| in the assault on Quebec, in 1775 ; and now owned by her brother, Edward Livingston. Two miles above is Cruger's Island, of great natural beauty and cultivation. Between this and Hudson, fifteen miles off, we come upon a number of large substantially built, and handsome country-houses, with lawns of smooth turf stretching down towards the river, and an air of luxury and wealth pervading the whole estates. Six miles above Rhinebeck is Barrytown, and four miles above Barrytown is Tivoli, each of them possessing a station on the railroad, though, like many of the other villages we have had a glance at, small and unpretentious, having, however, possibly a vast idea of their own im- portance, as a great deal of the farm and garden produce of these villages is sent up to supply the wants of Fifth Avenue, and other districts of the great city. Opposite S 28 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. I \ \i\ \ ■.«'! ill u Tivoli, on the western bank of the river, stands a flourish- ing little village called Saugerties, at the mouth of the Esopus Creek. This little place boasts manufactories of iron, paper, and white lead, and a fine flagstone quarry. Two miles from Saugerties, we pass Maiden, which lies backed by the Catskill Mountains, and about ten miles on we come to the large village of CATSKILL, one hundred and eleven miles from New York. It takes its name from the large creek which flows through it. Sept. 20, 1609, Hendrick Hudson anchored "The Half- Moon" here. Passengers from New York by railroad, who wish to ascend the mountains must alight at Catskill Station, and cross by ferry to the village, and we sincerely recom- mend our travellers to avail themselves of this trip. They will find plenty of omnibusses and stages to take them to the Mountain House, and the Clove, about twelve miles off. We shall not attempt to describe the scenery, which, at this point, must be seen to be appreciated. The Mountain House is traditionally attractive ; its elevation above the Hudson is twenty-two hundred feet, and it is built on a flat rock on the very edge of a precipice nearly 4,000 feet above the river ! The view from the piazza is truly wonderful. It is of a most extensive character, embracing a region of about ten thousand square miles in extent, portions even of Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut being, on a fine day, plainly visible, whilst at least sixty miles of the Hudson River can be seen shining like a broad silver belt at our feet. The sunrise and a thunder storm are especial attractions at the Mountain House. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 29 The Prospect Park Hotel is situated on a terrace, which comprises seventeen acres, elevated some two hundred feet above the river. The main building is two hundred and fifty feet front, with wing ninety feet. Guests can find here quiet, pleasure, shade, and sunshine. The fresh bracing air of the mountains makes Catskill one of the pleasantest places to spend the noontide of the summer. Two miles from the summit is a rude cabin, famous as the reported site of Rip Van Winkle's long nap. Through years of mighty waves— To wake to science grown to more, To find the sign of another George Swinging above the tavern door ! " Thomas Cole, the painter, has transcribed some of the beauties of this wonderful region in the scenes of his "Voyage of Life." "The most famous beauty of the region is the fall of the Kaaterkill. On the high table-land of the South and North Mountains lie two lakes, buried in a dense forest. A little brook, making its way from these lakes, westward along the shoulder of the Mountain, soon reaches the edge of a very deep declivity, over which it leaps into a deep pool in the centre of a great amphitheatre of rock. "Gathering its strength again, the torrent makes a second leap over huge boulders, which have fallen from the ledges above, and lie scattered down the glen, dash- ing itself into foam in its headlong fury. Tumbling from one ledge to another, it reaches at length the bottom of the glen, when, meeting the stream that flows from Haine's Fall, the mingled waters hurry dosvn the stony pathway through the Cove, and out into the valley, until, hi i'-'-'ui 5|J,i''? i ! •!■(:: 30 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. swollen to a wide stream, they glide placidly into the Hudson at the village of Catskill. There is nothing more beautiful in American scenery than this waterfall, as it leaps from the lofty height, and dashes into spray in the hollow basin below. The strata of which the mountain is formed lie piled upon one another horizon- tally, and through them the water has cut its way, smoothly like a knife. Some distance above the margin of the pool in which the fallen waters boil as in a cauldron, there is a stratum of soft stone which has broken up and crumbled in the dampness. Wearing away several yards deep into the cliff, it has left a pathway all around the Fall, from which you have a fine, view, and often, when the stream above is swollen, through a veil of glittering drops dripping from the rocks above. Exquisite as is the effect of the whol6 Fall, when seen from the rocks at the foot of its second leap, this last point of view is even more striking. Standing on the narrow pathway, you look through the great white veil of falling waters, leap- ing out over your head and sending up clouds of spray that float off down the gorge. Sometimes, when the sun is shining brightly, a dancing rainbow will keep pace with you as you creep around the semi-circle beneath the rock. Here, too, you get an enchanting glimpse of the edges of the Clove, down which the stream goes head- long, and can mark the wild figures of the pines that cling to the verge of the cliffs, and seem, with their black spears, to pierce the sky. " Upon the very edge of the precipice, close to the narrow channel through which the fall makes its plunge theie is a tree which has grown out from a crevice, and, then upward until it juts out over the abyss. To this IS even All-Rojind Route and Panoramic Guide. 3 1 solitary tree, the lad who acts as your guide points with his finger, and tells you of the adventurous young woman, who crept out to the rock, and, clasping the slender trunk of the tree with her hands, swung her body far out over the Fall, and then, with a cry of triumph, back again in safety. "Beneath the second Fall the gorge is wild in the extreme. On both sides, the mountains rise perpen- dicularly, clad with a dense forest, and, throujrh the shade beneath, the torrent roars ceaselessly among the rocks." Five miles from the Catskill Station, on the eastern side of the river, we come to the large and handsomely- built city of Hudson, the chief town of Columbia county one hundred and seventeen miles from New York and thirty from Albany. The city is built on an eminence above the river, like many of the other villages we have passed in our course. The streets are wide and well laid out, and altogether the place has an air of thrift and prosperity. The principal street is called the Promenade, and laid out with trees and shrubs with excellent taste. One side is built with handsome houses, and the other is open to the river, and runs along the bank for nearly a mile. Leaving the city of Hudson, via the well-equipped train of the Boston & Albany R.R., a distance of forty miles brings us to Pittsfield, the County seat, charmingly situated in the midst of great natural scenery, and offenng to the tourist or traveler, many rich and rare delights, each well worthy of special mention. „;■ I 32 All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide, ill. ''^■•!ii i! ■■■\ It !( PITTSFIELD. the many places in the Old Bay State made famous in late years, either as seats of learning, or for their '/arious attractions to summer guests, none surpass the town of Pittsfield. Its six miles square of territory occupy the very centre of the ** Berkshire Hills," and though a little south of the " divide " that separates the waters of the Hoosac and the Housatonic Rivers, are yet over 1,000 feet above the level. The centre of this central area rises gently from the general level, and so commands most charming views of the finest summits of the county ; the long and beautiful ranges of the Hoosac mountains on the east, and the mountains of Vermont, rise some 1,500 feet from the valley at a distance of four miles each from the centre, and the twin sum nits of the Saddle mountains, one of M^hich is near 4,000 feet above the tide water, look down upon it 1 5 miles away from the north. The town thus claims within its own limits, or within the easy reach of a few hours' drive, a large share of the " deli- cious surprises" of Berkshire. It rivals the famous scenery of Lenox, on its southern border, and Stockbridge and Williamstown, places made classic by the pens and the residences of Hawthorne and Holmes, Fanny Kembleand the Sedgwicks, Melville and Longfellow ; the brush of artists like Gray and DeHaas, and the life-work of men like Gnfifin, Mark and Albert Hopkins, and John Todd. Williams' College, the Hoosac Tunnel, Lebanon Springs, the parent settlement of the Shakers, and also Lenox and Stockbridge, already named, with many resorts of lesser fame, are among the vivid memories and life-long treasures of tourists and summer guests. All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide. 33 The city itself-for Pittsfield has compact business streets, manufactures, churches, halls and other advan- tages of our large cities, needing only its own act accept- ing Its charter to make it a city in name-has its broad tree-hned streets, adorned by many beautiful residences ivith ample grounds, while its public and private schools. Its church organizations, its railroad and tele- graph facilities, and the rare intelligence, refinement and wealth of Its citizens, complete its claims to the notice of people seeking summer rest, or permanent residence, busmess advantages, or the education of their children In fact, we know of no place in any section of the country that can compare with it in these respects. Pittsfield can boast of many handsome public buildings as well as stores and private dwellings. Many of the latter are very noteworthy, especially those of the Hon. Thomas Allen, ate President of the St. Louis & Iron Mountain K.R. ; Mrs. Pollock's,-a beautiful residence, with magni- ficent drives, walks, lawns, trees, shrubbery, etc. ; and many others which our limited space will not permit of describing, yet all of which should be seen by visitors in order to be appreciated. Among the public buildings worthy of notice are the Court House, a costly white marble edifice, which reflects credit upon the city and many handsome churches, particularly the costly and spacious Methodist Church, and the Roman Catholic Church, the latter by far the finest' in the Western part of the State. Entering the beautiful Park, located nearly in the centre of the village, the tourist will observe a very fine monument, which was built some ten years ago by Pittsfield's patriotic citizens, as a tribute to her fallen heroes who gave up their lives in fighting for I , ■ I';" lM:\1::iir 34 AH-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide. their flag, and in sustaining their country's honor and liberty ; thig monument was dedicated with very impos- ing ceremonies on September 24th, 1872. Directly opposite the park will be seen the Berkshire Atht laeum, a very unique building composed of iJlncstnne, Freestone^ and Red Granite. Pittsfield can well Icei proud of this beautiful structure, which is not only a credit to the village, but stands as a lasting monument to perpetuate the memory as well as the generous liberality of j:he Hon. Thos. Allen and o4her enterprising citizens of I'ittsfield and vicinity, who have so liberally endowed it. We next take great pleasure in calling the tourist's attention to MAPLEWOOD INSTITUTE FOR YOUNG LADIES, PITTS- FIELD, MASS. The institution of widest fame in Pittsfield for nearly half a century is the Maplewood Institute for young ladies, which for over half that period has been under the care of its present well-known Principal, Rev. C. V. Spear. Its grounds, disinterested but admiring friends liken to those of Yale and Harvard, partly, perhaps because the shades of each are " classic," and very abun- dant. Maplewood measures but six acres, but many of its numerous elms and maples have yielded their grateful and now ample shade for over fifty years ; and its pleasing walks, and vases and flower beds, with many a rare exotic, its luxuriant flowering shrubs, and its vine- covered verandas, tempering the dazzling white of its well painted walls and Grecian columns, with its charm- ing statues and beautiful fountain, make it easily foremost among the ladies' schools of the country in its physical abode. The accompanying cuts, all from photographs, All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 35 to a" •A M H H O O H 36 All-Rottnd Route and Panoramic Guide. i i^i: i;„..ii;r Ill- save the largest which had to be drawn to exclude the foliage so as to show the building, truly represent t|ie place. Nor do these attractions, with the invigor- ating climate of the Berkshire Hills, constitute its chief a u o » Q O o ■A claim to superiority among its rivals ; a well filled library, large cabinets of minerals, shells, and apparatus, and a fine conservatory, afford their invaluable, and in modern methods of teaching, indispensable aid to accomplished All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 37 tcaqhcrs in every department of a useful and thorough education. Some dozen pianos and a full church organ arc in constant use by the pupils in music, and their pro- fessors are widely and favourably known. Its studio is Q O O if w *1 < also well supplied with models and crowded with enthu- siastic young artists, guided and stimulated by experi- enced and able teachers. A skilful elocutionist gives instruction in that most desirable department of a good Il' ' 38 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. ii El ill „ I I m education, while a suitably furnished gymnasium^ the oldest, and still the largest for any ladies' school in the country, supplies a drill and other exercise needed by sedentary students scarcely more in winter and in storm, than in the pleasant season of the year, it is not one of the least of the advantages that Maplewood offers to its students that its attendance, from the best families in all parts of the country, is yet so limited in numbers as to afford a most desirable medium between the larger colleges and strictly family schools. With excellent educational appliances as usually reckoned, the wants of the individual p ipil are met, and invaluable opportunity is afforded for intimacy of intercourse with earnest, faithful, and accomplished lady and gentlemen instruc- tors. Correspondents seeking such a school will be promptly furnished with its prospectus and catalogue on applica- tion to the Principal. For several reasons the grounds and buildings have been thrown open during the long vacation as a summer resort. Competent and successful managers have made an enlargement of its accommoda- tion necessary, and now about one hundred and fifty guests can be received. A competent manager, well known to the patrons of Maplewood, will have charge of the place during the coming season. The drives in the vicinity are very fine, and probably more beautiful and interesting scenery m.ay be seen by taking a circuitous drive to the various points of interest, than in any other. To leave Pittsfield without having taken one of the drives referred to, would be one of the greatest possible omissions on the part of the visitor ; half a day is all that is required for this purpose, and the ium^ the )i in the eded by n storm, not one )ffers to nilies in ibers as 2 larger xcellent vants of Drtunity earnest, instruc- romptly applica- jrounds he long ccessful nmoda- id fifty IT, well charge 'obably sen by nterest, having of the /isitor ; md the All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide, 39 liveries in the city are first-class, and very reasonable in their charges. The most prominent places of interest are as follows : Pontoosuc Lake, Balance Rock, Lula Cascade, Berry Pond, Arethusan Streams, Fort Ashley, Lake Onota, Perry's Peak, Lanesboro' Hill, Wahconah Falls, Ashley Lake. LAKE ONOTA. Returning from Pittsfield to Hudson, the tourist may wish to pay a visit to the Shaker Village at Mount Lebanon, which he can do by taking the train leaving for Chatham three times during the day, and connecting with the Boston and Albany Railway, and after an hour's journey of twenty-three miles, he v/ill be landed at the Shaker Village itself. Space will not allow an ■extended notice of this remarkable village ; suffice it to say that cleanliness, and all other cardinal virtues, :reign paramount. Order, temperance, frugality and 40 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, i 1 M / . . ' ..u -I ! ■. .F; Shaker worship, are the things that strike 'one's senses on first arriving. Every one here is free. No soldiers,, no police, no judges live here, and among members of a society, in which every man stakes his all, appeal to the courts of law is a thing unknown. In the case of a sect where celibacy is the first and principal code, it would seem as if such a society would of itself die a natural death ; but yearly many fresh converts to the sect are made, and not only among the old and those tired of this world's pomps and vanities, but from the young and healthy of both sexes. Happiness, peace, and plenty are evident in all the villages of this most peculiar of all religious societies. Mr. Hepworth Dixon has written so fully about them in his interesting work, entitled " New America," that we should reccn .nend the curious, or those who have visited any of t^-^ir villages, to obtain the book and "read them up," We must go back to our steamer at Hudson, however, after this digression, and before leaving this interesting town may mention that the village opposite, which has the high-sounding name of Athens given to it, (though for what reason, we know not,) can be reached by a small steam ferry. There is nothing, however, to reward the task of crossing, except, perhaps, in order to obtain a good view of Hudson ; but as this can be done quite as satisfac- torily from the deck of our steamer, we presume our readers will not attempt the passage, but continue with us for the next thirty miles of our trip to Albany. The lighthouse seen on the western side of the river on Four Mile Point, (that distance from Hudson) marks the head of navigation for ships. About a mile higher up, on the same side, is Coxackie Village, the All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 41 older portion of which is called Coxackie street and lies on a large plain about a mile back from the river. New Baltimore and Coyeman's are two smaller settlements north of Coxackie, with Schodack Landing immediately on the other side, whilst four miles higher up is Castleton. Here the well-known sand-bar, called the Overslaugh, is situated, a spot that has proved fatal to more steamboats and vessels than any known place on the continent. The country just around here is flat, though apparently well cultivated. Soon after leaving this village we approach a place, evidently of some importance as the river has a busier look, and the banks are* more thickly dotted with houses, and after a few minutes' delay, we see in the distance, the thickly built city of Albany, the capital of the State, whils| two finely constructed railway bridges span the river immediately opposite the city, one being used for passenger trains, the other for freight trains. Most of our tourists will desire to visit the celebrated and fashionable Saratoga Springs, whose summer scenes of gaiety and pleasure, and the medicinal qualities of the waters of whose numerous Mineral Springs, have gained for it a reputation almost unequalled. We shall therefore,, continue the duties of cicerone, and pass with them to the depot of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's Railway, Taking our seats in one of their elegant drawing-room cars, we speedily find ourselves leaving Albany and passing by the Albany Rural Cemetery, three miles above the city,— which is well worth a visit, as it abounds in forest streams, across which are thrown rustic bridges; here and there are cascades which empty into a miniature lake ; and deep ravines, 42 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. through or over which wind walks and roads; forming the most picturesque scenery imaginable, — we arrive at Troy, six miles above Albany. It is at the head of tide-water, and obtained its present name in 1789 ; and the adjoin- ing hills took the names of Mount Ida and Mount Olympus. The Polytechnic School, organized in 1824, and endowed by Stephen Van Rensselaer, and the Female Seminary, take high rank among the educa- tional institutions of the country. Troy boasts many fine churches, public buildings, and private mansions, and those who may desire to stay over a day in order to view the surrounding scenery and visit the many sights, should locate the..iselves at the Troy House, Messrs. Janvrin & Gilles, proprietors, corner of First and River streets, where excellent accommodation, gentlemanly clerks, and kind attention may always be relied upon. The Troy House is the leading and only first-class House in the city. Recently refurnished — electric bells, telephone, telegraph office, and every convenience that health and comfort can suggest. Table supplied with all the delicacies of the season. Attentive and courteous employees, all striving to please. Location central — being among the leading mercantile interests and public buildings of the city, and within two minutes' walk of the landing of the palace steamboats " Saratoga," and " City of Troy," daily line to New York, and four blocks from Union R.R. Depot. Troy has imm.ense iron-manufactories located in the south part of the city ; and the famxC of her steel-works, stoves^ and rolling-mills is too well established to require an extended description here. The establishment of Mr. Erastus Corning, where Bessemer steel is manufac- tured, is the largest of the kind in the United States, i Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 43 and turns out annually thousands of tons of steel rails. The original Monitor, whose exploits with the " Merrimac " may be said to have changed the character of the war-navies of the world, was in part built here. The Troy horse-shoe, nail, and railroad -spike manufactoiy is one of the largest in the world. Among the new public buildings are the Savings Bank, City Hall, and the new "Times" building. This last is of four stories, with an iron front and Mansard roof. St. Peter's College, built on Mount St. Vincent, is for the education of Catholic priests. The Marshall Infirmary, Warren Free Institute for Indigent Children, Troy Orphan Asylum, Troy Hospital, St. Mary's Orphan Asylum, and the mis- sion school connected with St. Paul's Episcopal Church, are among the charitable institutions of the city. The streets are laid out generally at right angles, are \\€^\ shaded, and kept clean. The cemetery is an exquisite spot, adorned with stately monuments and works of art : among these is a bridge of elegant design, by J. Wrey Mould of New York City. The Griswold and Wool monument, by the sa.ne architect, is to be of white marble, and will cost at least a hundred thousand dollars. The United States Arsenal is across the river, and contains many cannons and relics of the Revolution. The Erie and Champlain Canals here connect with the Hudson River, and railroads radiate to every part of the country. The Union Railway Depot is a magnifi- c:nt structure, and was built by the great railroads centring here. DELAWARE AND HUDSON CAN/v' <:0MPANY'S RAILWAYS. This company now control a system of railroads vrhich extend to the many popular summer resorts of Northern W^-; 44 All-Round Route and Panoramic Gvide. New York and beyond. They comprise the Alban> & Susquehanna Railroad, extending from Binghamton to Albany, 143 miles, with the following branches : Nine- veh to Scranton, 73 miles ; Cobleskill to Cherry Valley, thr »ugh Sharon Springs, 23 miles; and Quaker Street to Schenectady, 15 miles; making in all 254 miles. The Rensselaer & Saratoga Railroad, extend- ing from Albany and Troy to Wiiitehall and Rutland, 10 1 miles; and Eagle Bridge to Castleton, 52 miles; with a branch, Schenectady to Ballston, 15 miles, and Fort Edward to Glen Falls, 6 miles ; making in all 174 miles. TiiE New York & Canada Railroad, extending from Whitehall to Rouse's Point, 1 14 miles ; with branches, Fort Ticonderoga to > Baldwin, 5 miles ; Platts- burg to Ausable, 20 miles ; and vVcit Chazy to Mooers Junction, 11 mihs ; making in all 150 miles. These three leased or owned lines make a total mileage of 578 miles, and form one of the best lines in the country, both for through and summer excursion business. Leaving the Union Depot, Troy, it crosses the main channel of the Hudson, on a bridge 1512 feet long, to Green Island. From thence it proceeds to Van Schaick's Island, by a bridge 482 feet long, and from here across to Waterford. The tourist can well afford to spend a few hours here and visit the Cohoes Falls and factories. In the early colonial times Waterford was known as Half- moon, taking its name from the shape of the river-bend at this point. Cohoes, sometimes called the " City of Spindles," has become one of the most important manufacturing cities of the State. An immense water-power is here formed Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 45 of a by the Mohawk River, which makes a descen hundred feet. The Cohoes Falls, about a half-mile above the railroad bridge, have a perpendicular descent of forty- feet. Here are situated numerous knitting and cotton mills, axe and edge-tool factories, which give a commer- cial importance to the city, and employment to thousands of operatives. Mechanicville, thirteen miles from Troy, is a smart manufacturing town. A monument erected to the memory of Col. Ellsworth, of the famous Ellsworth Zouaves, will be found in the quiet cemetery on the hill. The new railroad route from Schenectady to the Hoosac Tunnel here crosses the Hudson River upon a magnificent double-track iron bridge. This line is intended to connect the Erie Railway and Delaware & Hudson Canal Company's railroad with Boston. A fort was on the elevated ground at the north end of the village ; and a few rods below this were two long store- houses which did good service in Gen. Gates' campaign of 1777, which resulted in the capture of Gen. Burgoyne. Round Lake, nineteen miles from Troy, is a station of comparatively modern origin. Ten years ago an association of gentlemen connected with the Methodist Church purchased a large plot of ground here, mostly timber land, upon which they established a mammoth permanent camp-meeting ground. The grounds are handsomely laid out, and contain a hotel capable of accommodating a hundred guests, and some two hundred and fifty cottages owned or rented by regular attendants at the meetings. There has been laid out and biiilt at great expense, a " Palestine Park," some five hundred feet in length : this is a copy in miniature 'i 46 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. of the famous Holy Land ; and here are^ reproduced on a correct scale the mountains, lakes, cities, and ruins of that land made so dear to the heart of every Christian. There is also a lake supplied with boats, &c., and a mineral spring said to have superior medicinal qualities. Several meetings are held here each year, and the attend- ance generally is quite large. While it is strictly a religious settlement, still all are welcome, and many find it a pleasant and profitable place for spending the heated summer months. Ballston, twenty-six miles from Troy, is the :ounty-seat of Saratoga County. The Kayaderosseras Creek, which flows through the village, furnishes a fine water power for the numerous paper-mills, emery-wheel works, sash and box factories, &c., situated along its banks. The village has a population of about three thousand people ; has many fine buildings, both public and private, and is supplied h pure water, and good schools, which render it a iesirable location for a permanent home. Ballston Spa derives its celebrity from the mineral springs which flow here in great abundance. The artesian springs flow from a depth of six hundred feet through solid rock. The Sans Souci Hotel was built many years ago by Nicholas Low, and in its plan and surroundings does much credit to the taste and liberality of the proprietor. It is 160 feet long, v/ith two wings extending back 153 feet, and is calculated for the accommodation of one hundred and fifty boarders. The Sans Souci Spring, which is within the grounds of the hotel, is seven hundred feet deep. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 47 SCRANTON AND BINGHAMTON to SARATOGA, VIA THE DELAWARE AND HUDSON CANAL COMPANY'S RAILWAY. [RESUMING that the traveler has already viewed the wonderful beauty of the Wyoming Valley, en route from Philadelphia and the South, and the many attractive places along the Erie from the West, we will not stop to go over them here ; but will take up our trip to Saratoga, beginning with the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company Susquehanna Division from Binghamton. The scenery along the route is of the finest description. Traversing the beautiful Chenango and Susquehanna Valleys, it affords convenient access to the Catskill and Helderberg Mountains ; passing through the fertile Schoharie Valley, it makes a detour around the foot of the Helderberg Mountain to Albany, or crosses the Mohawk Valley from Quaker Street to Schenectady, affording the most convenient route to Saratoga, Lakes George and Champlain, the Adirondacks, and other famous northern resorts. The City of Binghamton, sometimes called the " Parlor City." This city is beautifully laid out on both sides of the Chenango River, and on the north side cf the Susquehanna. It was settled in 1784, and was originally called " Chenango Point." Its present name was derived from Hon. William Bingham, who was the original owner of the land forming the site of the city. The construction of the Erie and other railroads has made of this a great commercial inland centre, and the growth and manufacturing interests of the city are increasing. The population is about sixteen thousand. i' Si t i 1 '' '•' 'iii,m(l M 11 48 All-Rotind Route and Panoramic Guide, The court-house is a handsome building, in the Ionic style, fifty-eight by ninety-eight feet, and was built in 1857. There are many handsome public and private buildings in the city ; and, as special pains seem to be taken by the inhabitants to keep their places and streets clean, the city at all times presents a fine appearance. The State Inebriate Asylum, now converted into a State asylum for chronic insane, is located a little east of the city, on a beautiful and elevated site, eighty-two feet broad by three hundred and sixty-five feet long. It is built of stone and brick, in the Tudor style of architec- ture. It owes its origin to the persevering efforts of Dr. J. Edwin Turner. The citizens donated the farm of two hundred and fifty acres, on which the building is erected. Leaving Binghamton, and passing through Port Crane and Osborn Hollow, we come to Tunnel Station, fifteen miles from Binghamton. This was the scene of the remarkable strife between the employees of the Albany & Susquehanna and Erie Railroads, a few years since, for the possession of the former road, known as the Erie war, in which several thousand men were engaged, necessitating a call upon the State militia to maintain peace. Nineveh, twenty-two miles from Binghamton. Here a connection is made with the Pennsylvania Division of the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company's railroads, which, with the Jefferson Branch of the Erie Railway, forms a line from Wilkesbarre, Scranton, Carbondale, and the coal-regions of Pennsylvania. ■ Scranton has a population of thirty-five thousand, and since its start has developed rapidly, and into great Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 49 importance. It may be said to be in the centre of the coal-mining region ; and near it, and on the neighboring hills, will be seen numerous collieries teeming with life, and giving emplo> ment to thousands of people. The place take its name from the family of Scranton, whose members were among the first to erect buildings! and push forward those industries which now are its chief feature. The rolling-mills and bla ,t-furnaces of Scranton are among the largest in the world, and annually turn out thousands of tons of iron in different shapes and for different uses. These works are well worth visiting, and at night their roaring fires illuminate tue whole region, and make a scene never to be forgotten by the transient visitor. The Dickson Manufacturing Company is located here, and yearly turns out large quantities of machinery. The locomotives made by these works have a world-wide reputation, and are used on a great many railroads. A visit to any of the numerous coal-mines in the vicinity is well worth making. Visitors are shown every attention, and the opportunity of seeing coal mined should not be missed. The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, a similar organization to the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company has important works here; and the round- house surrounded by its network of tracks is one of the interesting features of Scranton. Leaving Scranton. with its ever-busy varying bustle and life, we pass Green Ridge, where connection with the Central Railroad of New Jersey is made, and the mining villages of Dickson and Olyphant, where the Gravity Rail- rm Hi ^^^ #. 'V> % %^. ^'' %f %^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ■■ /. >- A (/j R i.O I.I 1.25 12.2 12.0 1.8 1.4 IIIIII.6 p% m # Vj Photographii Sdences Coiporatioii ^^V"^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTSR.N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 'is, ^ t/j ^ •,ii ..(I ,. fi «f!:B. I ii !;';!!:• i';:«- il i^: i 1 '^'iiK'liSlli iil 'ill m 50 All-Round Route and Panoramic Gvide, road for Honesdale begins, and Archibald, and come to Carbondale, the second important city in Luzerne County. This city has had a rapid growth. It was incorpo- rated in 185 1, and now has a population of about six thousand. It is strictly a mining town : its interests are coal, and its inhabitants people owning or mining the article. The extensive car-shops of the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company's P».ailroad are situated here, giving employment to many men. At this point the Gravity Railroad leaves the Lacka- wanna Valley, and by a series of inclines passes over the Moosic Mountain to Honesdale, sixteen miles distant, and the great coal-shipping point, via the Delaware & Hudson Canal. The empty cars are returned from Honesdale by still another series of planes ; and the long coal-trains thundering across the valley, up and down the mountain-sides, seemingly without propelling power, form a scene weird and picturesque. The successful completion and operation of this road is another of the great engineering triumphs of, the age, and the work is well worth a visit. Crystal Lake a beautiful sheet of water, is six miles from Carbon dale> high up among the mountains, and is a very pleasant place for spending the heated months. Leaving Carbondale, and passing up the narrow valley, we strike the Jefferson Branch of the Erie Railway, which is used by the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company as far as Jefferson Junction ; from there we pass through Lanesboro\ Windsor, and Centre Village, all small towns whose interests are mostly in the lumber or leather busi- ness, and come to Nineveh, where connection with the Albany & Susquehanna Railroad is made. All-Roim^ Route and Panoramic Guide. 5 r Leaving Nineveh, we come to Afton, twenty-eight miles from Binghamton ; an enterprising little village on the north side of the Susquehanna. Population, three hundred. Stage con- nection is made here with Vallonia Springs, one mile distant, which derives its name from the mineral springs situated here. * Bainbridge, thirty-four miles from Binghamton. Population, foui hundred. This town was first settled in 1785, by New England emigrants. Stage connection is made here with Coventry, Greene, Bennettsville, and Deposit. Sidney, thirty-nine miles from Binghamton. Con- nection is made here, via New York Sr Oswego Midland Railroad, for Oxford, Norwich, Oneida, Fulton, and Oswego. The Susquehanna Valley was first settled here in 1772, by the Rev. William Johnston. Unadilla, forty-three miles from Binghamton. Pop- ulation, about twelve hundred. Stage connection is made at this point with Walton, Butternuts, Delhi, &c. Otego, fifty-two miles from Binghamton. This hand- some village contains several manufactories, &c. ; is situated at the junction of the Osdewa and Flax Island Creeks, and the Susquehanna River. It was first settled in 1800. Stage connection is made with Franklin, Gilbertsville, Walton and Delhi. Oneonta, sixty miles from Binghamton, Population about twenty-five hundred. The repair shops of the Albany & Susquehanna Railroad, employing about two hundred men, are situated here. This thriving place contains various manufactories of agricultural implements foundries, mills, &c., four churches, and three hotels. m I. ' ' ilif h!, --'Siiil ' fflilSI 52 All-Rouiid Route and Panoramic Guide. The first settlement was made 'here about the middle of the eighteenth century. Colliers, sixty-six miles from Binghamton. The Albany & Susquehanna Railroad connects at C. & S. V» Junction, one mile from this attractive little place, with the Cooperstown & Susquehanna Valley Railroad, for COOPERSTOWN, eighty-three miles from Binghamton,. a charming village, the county-seat of Otsego County. COOPERSTOWN AND ITS ENVIRONS. JHE natural attractions of Cooperstown and the lake region of which it is the centre, are in very many respects so like those of the English lakes, that no observant tourist can have failed to note the resemblance. The general topography of the country is nearly the same, save that the mountains about Otsego Lake are less majestic and imposing. The carriage drives in all directions are, however, equally numerous, varied, and picturesque. By a sort of triangular combination of these popular roadways, Cooperstown, Sharon Springs, Cherry Valley, and Richfield Springs have ^been latterly brought into quite fraternal relations ; so that, during the height of the season, the finest equipages may be daily seen passing to and fro between these beautiful villages, recalling vividly the brilliant pageantry and exhilarating scenes of the "Trossachs." The drive to Sharon]of about twenty-two miles affords- one of the most sightly and commanding views in the Empire State, and hardly to be surpassed by that from the piazza of the Catskill-Mountain House. \m All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. S3 To Richfield Springs there are three roads, — one via Oaksville and Schuyler's Lake, sixteen miles ; one jia Three-Mile Point (Thayer's), Five-Mile Point (Tunni- cliff), and the Lake Road, to "Island Cottage," (the upper steamboat landing), and thence across the hill near ^'Wiantha Observatory," fourteen miles; and another still, via Pierstown and Rum Hill, thirteen miles. All these drives are exceptionally romantic and attracts'e, revealing some new beauty at every turn. Between Cooperstown and Cherry Valley lie three distinct high- "ways, each about fourteen miles in length, and all rendered attractive by their peculiarly quiet loveliness ; so that, adding the two from there to Sharon Springs, and that via Clarksville and Seward Hill View, there are three approaches to Sharon Springs, of about twenty-two miles each. To the east from Cooperstown are se- eral roads leading through cultivated farms, villages, and quaint little hamlets beyond, crossing frequently quite lofty mountains, from whose crests far-reaching views may be had. To the south, on each side of the Susque- iianna River, and often hugging its pleasant, winding margins, are to be found excellent roads, running as far down as Oneonta, with convenient crossings at intervals of two or three miles. In this direction, through tidy villages, and surrounded on every hand with scenery distinguished for its tranquil beauty, drives can be extended indefinitely, at the leisure and pleasure of the tourist. Otsego Lake is a beautiful sheet of water, nine miles long, and from one to three miles wide. The water is very clear, and was called by Cooper, in ills tales, " Glimmer Glass," on this account probably. 54 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Ill Boarding ihe steamer " Natty Bumpo," and following; the lake to its head, will be seen Wild -Rose Point, Five- Mile Point, Gravelly Point, Mount Wellington, Clark's Bay, all worthy of a visit. Arriving at the head of the lake, the Concord stages for Richfield Springs, seven miles distant, are met. This steamboat and €tage route forms a very pleasant way of reaching the noted Richfield Springs ; and many avail themselves of the beautiful ride by boat and stage through this delightful country. At the landing good stabling accommodations are to be had ; and visitors from Richfield or elsewhere can either be served with a good substantial meal at the cottage, or, if preferred, make the trip to Cooperstown,. arranging en route for more formal dinners at Thayer's or Tunnicliffs, and still be able to return in ample time for the afternoon stages. The steamer makes four trips daily; stopping on signal at all intermediate points. The boat liveries of the village are not surpassed, either in amplitude, equipment, or economy, by those of any similar establishments in the State. During the past year over eighty pounds of salmon-trout have been takea in one forenoon from a single boat with hook and line, and three hundred pounds through the ice in one day's fishing within a hundred rods of the village. Nor is this to be wondered at when we state the fact, highly credit- able to the citizens of Cooperstown, that they have expended nearly two thousand dollars in stocking their lake with the very choicest varieties of fish. There are many pleasant walks and drives in and about Cooperstown, and the tourist who makes it his home for the season will find it a " home " indeed. All-Round Route and Pafwramic Guide. 55 THE HOTELS. The Hotel Fenimore is a handsome building of stone and brick, situated near the centre of t;he village. Con- nected with it is a large cottage, with croquet-ground, lawn, and extensive frontage ; the two accommodating about three hundred guests. The ctdsine is unsurpassed. During the season a fine orchestra is attached to the house, which gives daily concerts, and furnishes music for the frequent hops. The rooms are large, and the house is finely furnished throughout. Guests at the hotel receive tne best of attendance, and the class of people thronging its corridors give good evidence of its popularity. The Cooper House stands upon an eminence eighty feet above the lake, thus affording the guests a fine view of the entire extent of the lake. The house is surround- ed by a park of nearly ten acres, which is handsomely laid out in croquet, ball, and archery grounds, and is plentifully supplied with shade-trees. In connection with the hotel are several very handsome cottages suitable for families. The internal arrangements are very complete, — hot and cold water, &c. The rooms are mostly en suite, and are well adapted for families. A full orchestra is engaged for the season ; a billiard- room and four bowling-alleys are attached to the house. Good stabling-accommodation, and carriage and saddle horses, are furnished at all '■tmes. The house is under the proprietorship of Mr. S. E, ' .1.'' , Bit S,«.i!i 56 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. !< '' I 't' . 1 Crittenden, whose reputation as" a hotel-manager is well known. The house accommodates five hundred guests ; and each year finds it well filled, which is a good criticism on the house and its management. . There are other hotels and boarding-houses in the village, which are well filled every year. The two hotels above mentioned, however, are the most popular with the travelling and tourist public. HOW TO REACH COOPERSTOWN. From New York via Albany boats or West Shore Railroad to Albany; thence by the Albany & Susque- hanna and Cooperstown & Susquehanna Valley Rail- roads, to Cooperstown. Travelers leaving New York by the night boats will reach Albany in ample time for the morning express, arriving in Cooperstown at noon. From Bufialo and the West via New York, Lake Erie, and Western Railroad, to Binghamton, thence by the Albany & Susquehanna and Cooperstown & Susque- hanna Valley Railroads, to Cooperstown. From Washington and the South via New York, Albany, &c., or via Northern Central to Elmira, thence by New York, Lake Erie & Western Railroad, to Binghamton, &c., as above. From Philadelphia via New York and Albany, or by the Delaware, Lackawanna, & Western Railroad, to •Binghamton, &c. From Saratoga Springs and the North, via Albany or Schenectady and Quaker street, on the Albany & Susquehanna Railroad. All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 57 From Boston, via the Boston & Albany Railroad to Albany, or the Hoosac-Tunnel route to Troy, thence via the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company's Railroads, and Cooperstown & Susquehanna Valley Railroad, to Cooperstown. Worcester, eighty miles from Binghamton. This grow- ing village bears evidence of healthy prosperity in its handsome business places and residences, its clean and well-shaded streets, and its general indications of thrift and good taste. It contains two handsome churches, several mills, and other industries. Passing East Worces- ter, eighty-five miles from Binghamton, we come to RiCHMONDVlLLE, ninety-three miles from Binghamton. Stages connect here with Summit, Stamford, Jefferson, and Hobart. COBLESKILL, ninety-seven miles from Binghamton. Population, twelve hundred. The largest and most important village on this section of the road: it lies nine hundred feet above tide-water, in the Schoharie Valley, so rich in historic and romantic tradition. It contains four hotels, a printing-office, a bank, three churches, a fine school-building, threshing-machine man- ufactory, various mills, marble-works, &c. A branch of the Albany & Susquehanna Railroad connects here with Hyndsville, Seward, Sharon Springs, and Cherry Valley. Sharon Springs, one hundred and eleven miles from Binghamton, is situated in Schoharie County, N.Y., in a valley about i,ioo feet above the level of the sea. The streets are provided with good sidewalks, and are shaded with maple-trees. The air is pure and bracing, and free from malarial impurities : even in the warmest of the summer weather, the nights are cool and pleasant for 58 All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide, w. WW ■ ■ '•! ::i,.i mmm sleeping. The springs are easy- of access, within the vil- lage limits, on the edge of a natural forest, abounding in pleasant walks. The surrounding country is hilly, and affords interesting drives and pleasant scenery. Sharon Springs is well supplied with hotels and boarding-houses, many of which have a well-established reputation for excellence and comfort : among these, visitors can be sure of finding comfortable accommodation at rates conformable to every grade of expenditure. This watering-place has been famous for many years for its mineral springs, of which the most noted is the White Sulphur Spring, which is not excelled by any sulphur spring in this country. The water is used both internally and externally : it is clear and bright as it issues from the spring, and of an agreeable temperature for drinking (48° F). In the bath-houses it is heated to any degree required for bathing. The water of this spring is particularly efficacious in rheumatic complaints, gout, neuralgia, paralysis, cutaneous diseases, urinary difficul- ties, indigestion, and biliary derangements. The benefit derived in such cases has been remarkable : when the waters are judiciously and fairly tried, relief is almost sure to follow, and many cases of permanent cure are effected. Malarial difficulties may also be eliminated from the system by the use of this water in bathing and drinking. The old bathing-buildings having been entirely destroyed by fire in September, 1875, the proprietors, Messrs. John H. Gardner a!nd Son, have since erected new sulphur bath-houses on the same site. The new establishment consists of an ornamental build- ing in front, with two entrances, leading respectively into the ladies' and gentlemen's waiting-rooms ; from these, AU-Ronnd Route and Panoramic Guide. 59 doors open into the bath-houses proper, two long build- ings, entirely distinct from each other. The ladies' house contains forty, and the gentlemen's fifty-two, bath-rooms. The bath-tubs (from the factory of the Penrhyn Slate Company) are all of slate, selected for this use, and particularly desirable on account of its non-absorbent qualities. The interior of the buildings is entirely finished in hard woods, oiled. The exterior is of brick, and the roofs are covered with slate. The proprietors have spared neither effort nor expense to make the new houses comfortable and inviting in every respect. The White Sulphur Spring discharges about four barrels of water per minute, thus giving an immense supply, and obviating that hoarding of the water in reservoirs or other receptacles, which is necessary in many other sulphur-bathing establishments where the supply is small. Here the water flows from the spring into a small tank, about the size of a hogshead, from which a steam-pump raises it into larger tanks (at a sufficient elevation to serve the tubs), where it is heated, and distributed to the bath-tubs. As the pump is kept constantly at work, during bathing-hours, the water flows almost directly from the spring into the bath-tubs, only being retained long enough to acquire the necessary heat in the hot tank. This is of great advantage to the patrons of the establishment, as it is a well-known fact that the water loses in strength and efficacy by being kept in any way except in bottles. The new baths were opened to the public in 1876, and were universally commended, and pronounced to be the best sulphur bath-houses in the country. IP 60 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Ii Sharon Springs has also valuable magnesia springs, whose waters are highly esteemed for drinking purposes ; and, when thus taken, these waters act beneficially with the sulphur water. "A blue-stone spring," near the White Sulphur Spring (but entirely free from sulphur), has, during the past fifteen years, proved so efficacious in affections of the eyes, that it has been properly named the " Eye-Water Spring." A chalybeate spring is also found within the village limits. There are resident physicians in the place who have had many years of experience in the use of the waters. The Pavilion is the largest hotel. It accommodates about five hundred guests, and is pleasantly situated on the summit of a slight eminence, commanding a charm- ing view of about forty miles in extent towards the north, embracing the Mohawk Valley and the Adirondack Moun- tains ; and, in very clear weather, the Green Mountains of Vermont may be seen. Several fine cottages are attached to the hotel, which may be rented by families : there is also a bath-house, for the convenience of patrons. The best of attendance is given all comers, and its reputation as the first house in the village is at all times fully sustained. Union Hall is another large hotel, accommodating about two hundred guests. There are several other good houses in the village, among which may be mentioned the Rowland, Mansion, United States, Empire, and Sharon Houses. Sharon Springs may be reached by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, Susquehanna Division, from Albany or Binghamton. The depot of the Susquehanna Railroad in Albany is now located at the foot of Maiden ''iW Ail-Round Route ami Panoramic Guide, 6l Lane, in that city, immediately adjacent to the depot of the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, and Boston & Albany Railroad. Two express trains run daily to Sharon Springs, on the Susquehanna Railroad. Through tickets and baggage-checks, via Susquehanna Railroad, can be obtained in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia. The trains make close connections with the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, Boston & Albany, Hoosac Tunnel route, People's Line night boats, and Day Line steamers. During the season express trains have drawing-room cars attached between Albany, Sharon Springs, and Cherry Valley, through, without change. There is also a through train that leaves Phila- delphia in the morning, and arrives at Sharon Springs in the evening of the same day. Cherry Valley, one hundred and twenty miles from Binghamton. Population, one thousand. One of the prettiest little villages in the State. It was here that one of the most horrible massacres recorded in history took place. In 1778 the Tories and Indians butchered or took captive the entire population. Stages connect with Fort Plain, Cooperstown and Milford. Howe's Cave, i 14 miles from Binghamton, and 39 miles from Albany. This cave is one of the most remark- able curiosities in the United States ; for beauty, variety, and extent, it is only equalled by the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, with the advantage of being more convenient of access, as the entrance to the cave is immediately at the railroad station. This great natural wonder, extend- ing for miles beneath the surface of the earth, is lighted by gas. m ilfllll Mm* 62 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, Among the prominent points of interest in the cave are the Reception Room, Washington Hall, Bridal Chamber, Chapel, Harlequin Tunnel, Cataract Hall, Haunted Castle, Music Hall, and Crystal Lake, upon which are boats 'x>r the transfer of visitors across this subterranean water. The foot of the lake is brilliantly illuminated vCith gas-jets, giving a beautiful view of the Crystal Waterfall and Cat- aract. Beyond the borders of the lake are the Devil's Gateway, Museum, Uncle Tom's Cabin, Giant's Study, Pirate's Cave, Rocky Mountains, The Winding Way, and Grand Rotunda. Stalagmites and stalactites of varied and wondrous forms are s:en on every side, assuming such shapes as only Nature, the greatest sculptor, could suggest : among these may be mentioned Lady Washington's Hood, Washington's Epaulet, The Harp, and countless others. The average temperature of the cave is about sixty degrees during the entire year, seeming cool in summer and warm in winter. During the extremes of hot and cold weather, it is a luxury to visit it. The air is pure and invigorating, and high medical authority has pro- nounced it decidedly beneficial to those afflicted with pulmonary or lung difficulties ; and in several cases immediate relief has been experienced by those labor- ing under temporary colds, and depression of the lungs. No case is known where any person has taken cold while in the cave. The Cave House, an elegant stone structure a few rods up the mountain from the depot, is situated immedi- ately at the entrance to the cave. It is provided with a well-shaded, broad, ^.oo\ piazza overlooking the fertile valley in front and commanding a most beautiful and All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 63 picturesque view with Guernsey's peak as its background. The house is elegantly furnished, has bath-rooms on each floor, and is heated throughout with steam. Circulars giving full information in relation to the cave, Cave House, and surroundings, furnished on application to the pro- prietor. Guests may be assured of the most excellent accom- modation at reasonable prices. Cavg costumes for both ladies and gentlemen, and careful, intelligent guides, are furnished visitors to the cave. The principal industry at Howe's Cave is the manufacturing of " Ramsey's Hydraulic Cement " from native material. This cement has already gained a celebrity almost equal to the celebrated " English Portland." Central Bridge, 106 miles from Binghamton. Five miles south on the Schoharie & Middleburgh Railroad, lies Schoharie Court House, a place of considerable importance as a summer resort. An old stone church which was used as a fort in Revolutionary times may be seen here. . The town was first settled in 17 11 by Palatinate Germans. Esperance, 1 1 1 miles from Binghamton. Population, four hundred ; settled in 17 11. Quaker Street, i 16 miles from Binghamton. This is the junction of the Schenectady Branch of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's Railroad, which forms a short cut to Saratoga and the North. Cars run through from the main line to Saratoga without change. From here the niain line passes through the beautiful suburban towns of Duanesburgh, Knowersville, Guilderland, New Scotland, Slingerlands, and Adamsville to Albany, where III' 64 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, connections arc made for the North and East, also with the River steamers. Leaving Quaker Street by the branch, we come to Schenectady, 131 miles from Binghamton. This is one of the oldest towns in the State. It is situated on the Mohawk, a broad and beautiful river which forms its northern boundary. It contains twelve churches, and a population of thirteen thousand. A trading-post was established by the Dutch, in 1620. In the winter of 1690 the place was visited by a party of French and Indians, under the command of Lieut. Moyne de St. Helene, who burned the settlement, which consisted of eighty well- built houses and a fort, and killed and captured the inhabitants. The council-fires of the Iroquois were at Johnstown Hall, about twenty-five miles west of here. Schenectady is distinguished as the seat of Union College, which is built on high ground that commands a view of the Mohawk Valley for many miles. The college consists of several brick edifices, including a fine chapel in process of construction. Its president is Rev. Eliphalet Nott Potter, D.D., who brings zeal, energy, and commanding talents to the post. In numbers and respectability, Union College has always ranked among the most favored edu- cational institutions in America. From Schenectady to Saratoga, twenty-two miles, the railroad, one of the oldest in the United States, pursuing the valley of the Eelplace Creek, passes along the bank? of Ballston Lake, called by the Mohawks Wa-can-te-pa-/tah, and enters Ballston Spa on a curvature of considerable extent. From thence it continues across the Kayaderosseras Creek in nearly a straight line to Saratoga Springs. 'e. also with )me to . This is tuated on 1 forms its les, and a -post was er of 1 690 i Indians, ilene, who jhty well- tured the s were at t of here, •n College, a view of jje consists in process alet Nott nmanding ity. Union ored edu- ectady to the oldest ; Eelplace , called by llston Spa thence it nearly a S A R ATOG A CRAVyrr for Ohisholms"All.Roun(i Route, x>. ^ / Templtj Grove Seminary. Town Kail. 9 Waverly. kr hit ";,''!1'; All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 65 SARATOGA, AND ALL ABOUT ITS HOTELS, SPRINGS, &c. ^^HIS celebrated watering-place is a grand focus to which the fashionable world of the United States, and indeed of Europe, is annually drawn ; it is thirty-two miles from Troy, and has a population of about ten thousand. As we pass from the train we find ourselves surrounded by crowds of pleasure-seekers who flock to meet the new arrivals. Here are intellectual men, stylish men, the beaux of society, and men of the world ; ladies of social rank, the managing mother, the marriageable daughter, the fluttering bee of fashion, and the gentler bird of beauty, are found amidst the throng, for Saratoga is cosmopolitan. The ladies have here ample opportunity for the display of their peculiar charms and graces. The sporting gentleman finds oppor^ tunity for gratifying his peculiar tastes, the philosopher may study human nature in all its phases, and the invalid may oft-times find that most precious of all gtms, perfect liealth. In fact, to all classes, Saratoga offers some pleasure suited to their peculiar desires. But laying aside our moralizing we shall proceed to make our choice from the many fine hotels of which Saratoga boasts. The most fastidious taste could not but be gratified in this respect, and among the elegant hotels situated in the place it would be difficult to discriminate. We shall, therefore, mention the principal hotels, some of which are not excelled in any city in the world. Congress Hall, situated on Broadway, extends from Spring to Congress street. It has a frontage of 416 feet pn Broadway, and its two mammoth wings, extending '!;!!, fc ■ii;! 66 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 300 feet back, combine to make it a most perfect specimen of architecture ; the foundations, which rest on solid rock, were laid October, 1867. It is entirely of brick, and has 7 fire-proof brick walls extending through the whole structure to the roof. It is 5 stories high, sur- mounted by a French roof with observatories at each end and in the centre ; the wings are 7 stories high ; the rooms are spacious ; the halls 10 feet wide, and 400 feet long on each floor ; and broad, commodious stairways, with an Otis elevator of the finest description render every portion readily accessible. A front piazza, 20 feet wide, and 240 feet in length, extends across the building, with numerous others within the grounds, and a pro- menade on the top of the hotel affording a charming view, contributes to render the house attractive. The two wings extend back to Spring street, and are each two hundred and thirty feet long by forty-six feet in width, givirg an abundance of private parlors and lodg- ing-rooms. One hundred rooms with baths attached to each were added last season, and , one thousand guests can now be comfortably lodged and fed under its spacious roof. Across Spring street, and connected with the hotel by a suspension bridge, is an elegant ball room. It is one hundred and twenty feet long by fifty wide. The ceilings are frescoed in artistic style, and it is brilliantly lighted by expensive chan- deliers. The dining halls, parlors, etc., are superb and ample, and every thing about the house is on a scale of unequalled magnificence and grandeur, while the pro- prietors, Messrs. Clements, Cox & Southgate, have provided every thing that can afford comfort and pleasure. Our cut of the hotel serves to convey a general All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide. 67 idea of its outward appearance, but fails to depict all its elegant outline. The weekly balls given are of the most BU O o a ee o 03 I>) fi ■< M S5 2 S a, CO -•I a o H •«! ■•1 en j" >j -«1 X 09 CO H « S5 O O brilliant nature, and the music is furnished by unrivalled orchestras. 68 All-Rotind Route and Panoramic Guide, .1 ■ 1 .■ '^'% The United States Hotel is a superb establishment^ surpassing in size any hotel in the world, and equalling 1:2 O u f- c ■< CO H O B H •< CG c in magnificence the finest hotels of the most famous All-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide. 69 summer resorts of the old and new world. Its construe tion occupied two years. It contains nine hundred and seventeen apartments finished and furnished in the latest style, with gas, running water, and every possible con- venience. In addition there are sixty-five suites of rooms, with bath-rooms attached. The grand dining room IS very handsome and striking, being in dimensions two hundred and twelve feet by fifty-two feet in width and twenty and a half feet in height. The drawing room also is an elegant apartment, handsomely fur- nished and exquisitely decorated, and is eighty-five by sixty feet. The Ball-room, however, outdoes both of these magnificent apartments in splendor, rivalling the most beautiful salons of Europe in style and orna- mentation ; this room has dimensions of one hundred and twelve feet in length, fifty-three feet in width and twenty-six in height, and has been decorated by the most skillful artists of the country with a taste and skill unexcelled anywhere. The halls and cor- ridors are broad and spacious, and when crowded with the throng of promenaders which they invite, present a most brilliant appearance. In this respect the piazzas also offer great attractions to guests, from their unequal- led extent, and the variety of scene which they afford On the exterior of the buildings, facing Broadway and Division street, these extend for a length of four hundred and thirty-two feet, throughout three stories, and furnish a singular vantage ground for view, as well as extraordi- nary facilities for promenading. Corresponding with them is a length of piazza on the interior side extending for twenty-three hundred feet, which overlooks a court- yard of three acres, tastefully laid out in shady walks 70 All-Roiuui Route ami Pauonvnic Guide, beds of beautiful flowers, and" velvety lawns, to which splashinfj, cooling fountains lend an additional charm. This lovely spot is, of coure, a favorite resort, particu- o ■< o o H < OS < •id •Ji H S5 P All-Rouiid Route and Pamramic Guide. yi larly when lighted up in the evenings, and the orchestra of the hotel, composed of first-rate musicians, discourses the latest and most fashionable airs. While lingering in this pleasant spot let us take a survey of the noble pro- portions of this palace, for such it may truly be styled, and give an idea of how its eusembk strikes us. Bound-' ing the court-yard on three sides it rises to a height of six stories, and the free elegance of its architectural lines in the modern T-rcnch style, leaves an impression upon the observer of perfnct suitability to the precincts, and the purpose for which it is used. Jieing in a mood for further mspection, from delight with the interior view, we proceed to take an exterior view of the whole build- ing from l^roadway and Division streets, upon which it fronts, and along the former of which it extends two hundred and thirty-two feet, with six hundred and fifty- six feet along the latter. Here the wealth of columns, niches and attics, surmounted by the imposing Mansard, and the whole crested by three handsome pavilions', serve to deepen the impression already created. P:nter- ing by the main entrance on Broadway, and being still in the mood for inspection of details, we pass through tne hall into the offices, roomy and commodious apart- ments for the tireless workers of the business staff, who are all courtesy and attention to our wants and inquiries, and look in at the gentlemen's especial quarters— we can- rjt s^y/innjits in the face of the fascinations to be found L. other parts of the building; these embrace reading, smoking and retiring rooms, of delightful coolness and restful comfort. West of these, in the Division street wmg, are the dining-room, and above it, in the second story, the ball-room, already described. Returning to .ill t'r 72 AU-Rojtnd Route and Panoramic Guide. iiSIt '''."■ "'\ ■'-11. '■ '.'■ ■ ■ the Broadway side, we are attracted to the drawing- room, a beautiful apartment, furnished with the softest and most expensive of car- ets, articles of rare material and the most artistic and fashionable design, mirrors, chandeliers, lace curtains, together with fresco-work and ornamentation beautiful enough to satisfy the taste of the most aesthctical. The ladies' sitting-room, which is op- posite, is also fitted up in the same style. Ascending by either of the two elevators, in constant use between the several floors, our courteous cicermie from the office draws our attention to points of paramount importance in the construction of a building of this kind, and which are too often overlooked for considerations more showy, but really of less importance to guests, and points out the fire-proof partitions which divide the whole house into five compartments, each in this way perfectly insulated from the effect of fire casualty in the others, informing us also that on every floor of each compartment is a hose from which a stream of water can be obtained at a moment's notice, and that escapes are supplied by ten staircases. We are now conducted to the " Cottage Wing" which the proprietors have made a special feature of the estab- lishment, and requires more than a passing mention. It runs to the south of the court, and in a westerly direction from the Broadway building, for a length of five hundred and sixty-six feet. The public had long felt the need, in a hotel of this description, of some provision whereby absolute privacy and seclusion could be obtained in the midst of the gaiety and excitement of this fashionable watering place, and the proprietors ever watchful, and ready to anticipate and minister to such wants, con- All- Round Route and Panoramic Gnidc. 73 structed the " Cottage," as it is suggestively styled. How admirably this object has been attained, the experience of numbers who have enjoyed its comforts and security amply testifies. And how could it be otherwise ? for here are rooms separate, or en sitite, from one to seven with parlor, bath-rooms, and all the modern conveniences and appliances, with separate table and attendance. The presiding genius, i; we may call it so, of all this completeness and attractiveness may be said to be the Hon. James M. Marvin, a name which has associated with It the growth and success of Saratoga, while the vast ex- perience of Messrs. Tompkins, Perry, Gage and Janvrin in metropolitan hotels of the first class and in the most fashionable summer resorts, is a guarantee that every- thing that can possibly be done to ensure the comfort and gratification of guests, will be accomplished. The Grand UxNIOn Hotel is the great house of Saratoga. It has a frontage of over 1800 feet. The massive tower which rises in the centre is 200 feet from the ground, and from the summit of it a landscape cover- ing an area of 75 miles is revealed in wondrous beauty. It is one of the largest hotels in the country, and accom- modates 1200 guests comfortably. Within is a court "/hich is beautifully shaded, and here a band plays morning and evening. A vertical railway renders the six stories easy of access to guests. The public rooms are of prodigious size, and the office is most perfect in arrangement. This monster hotel has piazzas, in length over a mile ; halls, two miles ; carpets, 10 acres ; number of rooms, iioo; and possesses every conceivable comfort for guests ; interpreters being always on hand to receive ordersand impart information to foreign guests in their Ii t 1 i ! 1 i'' 1 ■ !', ■!> m, i '■/ i! '!'K:.':'M It nn-'" 74 All-RoHud Route and Panorainic Guide, native tongue. Since the Grand Union's closing in 1875 upwards of five hundred thousand dollars have been expended in decorating and re-furnishing, and it stands without any rival for comfort, ventilation and extent of All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 75; grounds. Its tables are always loaded with every- thing the market affords, and nothing that time, money or care can effect, will be left undone to sustain the reputation which the Grand Union has already estab- lished, of offering to its patrons all the comforts of a first-class hotel. Numerous improvements, which experience and good taste have suggested, have been made. Among these may be mentioned the following : the electric lights for illuminating the garden and court. The building, in which was the ball-room has been taken away, and the grounds opened to Federal Street. The lessee of this great establishment is Mr. Henry Clair, who is also lessee of the Park-avenue Hotel, Fourth Avenue, Thirty-second and Thirty-third Streets, New York city. This beautiful building has six hundred rooms, with accommodation for nine hundred people. It is the only absolutely fire-proof hotel in America. The court, which is a hundred feet square, has electric light, is filled with shrubs in the winter and rare and blooming flowers in the summer season. An interesting feature of the house is its fine library, forty by a hundred feet, with convenient tables, writing materials, and three thousand volumes of the various departments of literature. Windsor Hotel.— This exquisite and recherche hotel is located on South Broadway, and overlooks the Congress Spring Park. It is owned by the Hon. Henry Hilton, and is kept on the American plan. The rooms are elegantly furnished, and all the appoint- ments are perfect of their kind. A pagoda furnishes a cool and shady retreat, where ice-cream and after-dinner i ^: - y6 All-Round Route and Panoramic Gnide, coffee may be indulged in, while the strains of the Congress Park Band are waftedon the still air, entrancing the soul with its harmony. Two furnished cottages on the grounds are attached to the hotel. American Hotel.— The American Hotel which was built about thirty years ago, is on the corner of Broad- way and Washington Street. The house has an excellent reputation. It has a frontage of one hundred feet on Broadway with spacious piazzas, and is within easy access of the springs, post-office, and places of resort. It opens this season under the most favorable circumstances, Messrs. Farnham & Bush of the well-known REVERE House, Troy, N. Y., being the proprietors. Columbian. — The Columbian is a new structure, pleasantly located on South Broadway, adjoining the Clarendon, and will comfortably accommodate two hundred guests. The house has a frontage of a hundred and twenty feet, with a fine piazza which overlooks Con- gress Park and Springs, directly opposite. It has always been well patronized by summer visitors, and bids fair to be more popular than ever during the season 1883, as it has been leased for a term of years by Messrs. Harris and Price, whose long connection with " Willards, " Wash- ington, is a guarantee that the House will be first-class in every respect. The rates are moderate, being $3.00 per day, and from $14.00 to $21.00 per week. The House has been thoroughly refitted and refurnished during the past Spring with splendid new carpets and furniture, both of which are of the latest and most elabo- rate designs, and guests can depend upon finding the table at all times supplied with the very best the markets afford, and all the delicacies of the season. The comfort X Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. yy of guests will at all times be considered in every respect and we can in truth without fear of eontradiction, refer to the vast improvements which have been made rft this well-known hostelry, for we feel that they are well worthy of mention, and the enterprise that Messrs. Harris & Price have put forth deserves especial notice, as thev have spared neither time nor money in making improve ments, and they cannot help establishing for themselves as well as the Columbian Hotel an enviable and well-earned reputation among tourists and pleasure travelers who may visit Saratoga during the season of i«83. Upon entering the hotel, one will observe at a glance that the improvements that the lessees have made since assuming control of the house are not of an ordinary character, as will be seen by observing both the exterior as well as the interior, for every part of the house from garret to cellar, has been thoroughly renovated and all of the rooms have been newly painted and papered the ceiling tastefully decorated. AH of the parlor halls and sleeping rooms have been newly carpeted with Brussels, three ply and in-grain carpets. Every room in the house has been newly furnished, with elegant black walnut for the office parlors, and upon the second floor, while the third and fourth floors have fine ash and cottage furniture, with beautiful wicker for the piazzas, etc There are electric call-bells, in every room, and trusty porters will be found at the stations upon the arrival of all trains. THE ADELPHI HOTEL, SARATOGA SPRINGS, NY Among the numerous hotels at Saratoga worthy of mention, we take pleasure in calling the tourist's attention to the Adelphi, which is truly a first-class hotel in every lil:^:'' ■'I ■■ ...1, |ii!v:'iM 7^ All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. sense of the word. This new and beautiful hotel, situated on Broadway, next to the United States, was built in 1 87 1. It contains about one hundred rooms, is elegantly furnished, and has very convenient access to the promi- nent springs. Its piazza is elevated a story above the street, and commanding views are obtained up and down Broadway, and of Phila street, directly opposite. The proprietor is Mr. William H. McCaffrey, well-known to the traveling community, who is untiring in his exer- tions for the happiness and comfort of his patrons. He has secured a multitude of friends from all parts of the United States and Canada by his courtesy to guests ; and the writer takes great pleasure in recommending the Adelphi to all tourists and pleasure travelers, who may pay this most beautiful and delightful of summer resorts a visit during the coming season, and he can truthfully say, from his own personal experience, that no pains will be spared, by either the proprietor or his gentlemanly assistants in the office, to make the " Adelphi " one of the finest and best managed hotel-homes, not only for those who wish to pass a few months at this most fash- ionable of America's many attractive watering places and summer resorts, but also for the tourist and transient guest. The surroundings about the hotel are full of interest ; the hotel is delightfully situated, fronting upon Broadway, between the Grand Union and United States Hotels, and in the immediate vicinity of nearly all the many celebrated springs which here abound, and have a world-wide reputation for their various medicinal qualities, &c. It is the universal verdict of tourists that no other watering place on the continent of like size can begin to command such unvarying charms as All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide. 79 Saratoga. One might become almost tired of the world and vote every other resort a bore; but Saratoga scenery, Saratoga atmosphere, and Saratoga life would still charm by their pleasing peculiarities. The CLARENDON.-One of the most agreeable, aristo- cratic, and homelike houses in Saratoga is the Clarendon It was built in i860, and this house has always be-n patronized by a choice, wealthy and aristocratic class of visitors, many of whom, with the regularity of the summer swallows, return year after year to the same quarters under its ample verandas. Magnificent elms surround the building, which faces Broadway. The Washington Spring is within its ground, whose tonic waters are highly prized by the visitors. At ni<.ht the brilliant gas-jets and the sweet music of the ba'nd render the gay scene very attractive. AUSSAFESTA:-Glen Mitchel is situated at the ter minus of North Broadway, and about a mile and a half from Congress Spring. The hotel is famous for its wide piazzas, its half-mile driving park, and its pretty walks and woods, forming a very desirable place for picnic par- ties. Game breakfasts and dinners are a speciality. The drive from the village to Glen Mitchel, and thence around by the Excelsior Spring, is one of the most delightful in Saratoga. THE ARLINGTON HOTEL, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. Amongst the first-class hotels at Saratoga which invite more than a passing mention is the Arlington, which though not of the same dimensions as some of its com- peers, IS surpassed by none of them in style, comfort, and attractiveness. It is situated directly opposite the 8o All-Roinul Route and Panoramic Guide, m^ IMi; United States, and fronts on both Broadway and Divi- sion streets, so that its situation is very favorable, being in the midst of the life and gaiety of " the Springs," and within easy distance of the railway station and all the springs. Its dining-rooms, drawing-rooms, parlors, and reception rooms, for both ladies and gentlemen, are all handsome, airy, and commodious, furnished in the latest style with costly furniture, and supplied with all the modern conveniences and appointments necessary foi comfort. Rooms may be had separately, or en suite,. It has always been the headquarters for the commercial travel, and has attached to itself a number of patrons who visit it yearly during the summer, and each year witnesses an increase in the number of those who hold fast to the Arlington. The House is open all the year round, under the management of Mr. J. P. Dennin, also^ proprietor, who has had over twenty years' experience in hotel keeping ; and the rates are reasonable. Special arrangements can be made for the season. Empire Hotel, situated on Front Street, near the Empire, Star and High Rock Springs. Waters free for the guests. Moral and cultured people alone are in- vited. Moderate charges ; R. D. McDonald, Proprietor. Temple Grove. — This hotel occupies a block on Circular street, bounded by Spring and Regent streets. It is \vell managed, and possesses exceedingly good accommodation for families through the summer. During the remainder of the year it is occupied as a young ladies' seminary. There are several smaller hotels and boarding-houses,, which are kept in excellent style. Among these are the AlURound Routt and Panoramic Guide. g I Everett H. ,se, Arlington, Holden House Wiverlv Pav,l.on, VVhite's, Mrs. Wilbur's, Dr. Bedor ha's^S' Co..eraal, Broadway, Mount Pleasant, Wa's^ ^n' Hall. On Franklm street are, Mrs. Wicks' Mr, Spooner'.,, N. B. Morey's; and on West Cont.sf s I .tney s. Numerous others are in various parts o, he own,_n,ore quiet than the hotels, with shaded ground and p,az.as, and very attractive lawns for croquet and other out-door amusements. Having made our choice, we sally forth to see the s ghts, and at once decide that Saratoga is a verv pleasant and pretty village. We find itf streett wTdT and well shaded with trees, while on either hand te ofty and elegant structures. But our steps are dirlc ed towards the "Springs," and as we visit, in turn hose wonderful outflows from the bosom of mother ea^h we are mformed that, for their improvement and utilisation onts hell T""' ""'""'"'' S"^'°S^ »"Wbute hlbUabirSe"-^^ "" ^""-' --y P-- of the ITG SPRINGS. The springs in . !.e Saratoga Valley are among the remarkable nat> .w.,ities of the world. The waterl which flow from t f,,ral r„nn=,>;. '"e waters .. „i, 1 1. . , curiosities are known as " chalybeate, and ac; ^sralinc" TK; j- • • . '' frnm fi,. , i\.- ■? 'aiine. This division arses f om the relative proportions of their particles, the con- tituent ones being carbonate of soda, chloride of sodium, carbonate of magnesia, hydriodate of soda sihca and alumina carbonic acid gas, with occasiondly races of lodme and potassa. According to the propor^ tions of these found in each spring, so is the name give" i 82 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, . Each spring has its local history, which is interesting in its discovery, and the subsequent efforts of the owners to preserve and utilize it. The tubing of a spring is an expensive affair, which costs thousands of dollars. This arises in part from the difficulty of securing the carbonic- acid gas. Materials, which would answer well in cases of an ordinary spring, prove to be entirely useless with the acidulous mineral water. Ordinal y cement, which answers perfectly well with fresh water, proves no barrier to the escape of carbonic-acid gas, and in time it will be taken into combination with it. Congress Spring, owned by the Congress and Empire Spring Company. — Congress Spring stands at the head of the numerous springs which abound in Saratoga. Its discovery is thus related by Dr. Steel: •'During the summer of 1792 three gentlemen were boarding at Risley's, who frequently amused themselves in hunting for small game in the neighboring woods. One of them, John Taylor, a member of Congress from New Hampshire, accidentally discovered a small stream of water issuing from an aperture in a rock, the face of which formed the side of the brook. On examining it attentively, he found it to be a strong mineral water. He communicated this discovery to his associates ; and in the afternoon of the same day he conducted his land- lord, with a number of other persons to the spot." It was situated a few feet farther west, and on the opposite side of the brook from where the spring now is. The water issued from a worn hole in a large mass of silicious lime- rock. The discovery was deemed an important one ; and out of respect to the discoverer, and as a compliment to the superior strength of the waters, the same was, by All-Roimci Route and Panoramic Guide. 83 the consent of all parties present, dignified by the name of "Congress Spring." It was tubed by Gideon Putnam, and was first bottled, as an article of merchandise, in 1823. It is situated in the Congress Spnng Park, which is tastefully laid out with trees and walks, and adorned with statuary. The Columbian is in the same grounds, and but a few rods south-west of the Congress. It contains much more iron than the latter. While it has the same ingre- dients as the Congress, it dififers in the quantity of the articles held in solution. It occupies a distinguished rank among the tonic waters of the place. For further particulars concerning the analysis, etc. of Congress and Empire Springs, we refer our readers to a pamphlet issued by the Congress and Empire Spring Co y, to be had on application to them. The first spring tubed in Saratoga, but almost the last prepared as an article of commerce, is the WASHINGTON SPRING. The Washington spring is in the grounds of the Claren- don Hotel. It was tubed by Gideon Putman in 1806 In the year 1856 the ground passed into the possession of John H. White; and in 1858 he sunk a shaft eleven feet square, to the depth of thirty feet, through clay and hardpan, to the calciferous sand rock underneath The water was found to enter from the south-west side, and accordingly a tunnel was excavated in that direction At this point, while exploring with an iron rod, the earth suddenly gave way, and the water and gas flowed into the shaft with such force that the workmen had barely time to escape, leaving their tools behind them at the 84 All-Rou»d Route and Panoramic Guide. bottom of the pit. A second shaft was now excavated at the extreme end of the tunnel, and protected by a coffer-dam built with heavy timbers and plank ; but on reaching a depth of twenty-eight feet, the accumulated water and gas burst in the coping and again drove off the workmen. All-RoHud Route ami Panoramic Guide, 85 A third shaft was now commenced still farther to the south-east ; but instead of the tubing which had been before used, a curb was formed from ten-inch plank cut into beveled segments. These were laid, one above another, so as to effectually break joints, and then spiked firmly together ; which formed, when completed, a strong tube of wood ten inches thick, and twenty feet indiame- ten This was continued with the excavation to the sand- rock, where two fountains were discovered issuing ^rom the same fissure within the distance of twenty feet. The more south-western was selected as presenting the finest appearance and as the loose ground was removed, a full gushing volume of water, one inch wide and six inches- long, came rolling and boiling out of the rock, bubbling and sparkling with gas. The spring is chalybeate, and the peculiar taste of iron is perceptible. Many regard it as the most agreeable beverage in Saratoga. Near this there was formerly a fish pond containing a large number of trout. I'he Crystai, Si'Rixg is on South Broadway, in the vicinity of the Columbian Hotel. It was opened and tubed by C. R. Brown, the proprietor, in 1870, who also built on this site a magnificent hotel, extending to Con- gress Street, five stories high, with five hundred rooms and twenty-seven stairways. It was accidentally destroyed by fire in 1875. Hatiiorn Si'RiXG.-This was accidentally discovered in 1869 ^vhile workmen were clearing away the ground for the foundation of the Congress Hall Block which contains the ball-room. The waters are bottled' It is a powerful cathartic, and is very conveniently located on Spring Street, next to Congress Hall. It is named 86 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, wi '' ^ cssiSf''''l' ■'llliitii^ I' , ■ 1; after Hon. Henry H. Hathorn^the owner, who also built the xHagnificent hotel, Congress Hall. The spring has been re-excavated and re-tubed at an expense of fifteen thousand dollars, and it now rises for a distance of forty- feet below the surface, from a fissure in the rock of one by three inches. This fissure was drilled out two and a half feet deep, and a hopper placed over the cavity. The water gushes from this at the rate of ninety gallons per hour. /he amount now put up in bottles is four hundred dozen per day, which is sold for three dollars per dozen. The Hathorn is one of the most valuable springs in Saratoga. The water contains eight hundred and eighty-eight grains of solid contents in a gallon, and contains chloride of sodium, with bicarbonate of lithia. The Pavilion Spring is located in the Pavilion Park, between Caroline Street and Lake Avenue. It was situated in a deep morass, whence it rose through an alluvial deposit of over forty feet in depth. It was tubed by Daniel McLaren, in 1839. A crib, fifteen feet square made of logs firmly locked together at the corners, was placed around the spring, and the excavation then fol- lowed until the hard pan was reached. After placing the tube, it was packed in the usual manner with clay. In 1869 the spring was re-tubed, and the tube was carried down ten feet to the solid rock. Sulphate of potassa and bicarbonate of lithia, in large quantities, are only found at this spring. Great improvements were made about the grounds by Mr. William Walton, who filled them in, straightened the channel of the creek, laid out walks, planted shade-trees, and constructed suitable buildings [for bottling the water. While re-tubing the Pavilion a^^^new spring was discovered, flowing from the All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 87 east : it has been secured, and its waters analysed. It is known as the United States. High Rock.— The High Rock Spring is considered one of the most interesting among the natural curiosities of the country. Dr. Valentine Seaman, in his description of the spring, observes, " The more we reflect upon it, the more we must be convinced of the important place this rock ought to hold among the wonderful works of nature. Had it stood on the borders of the Logo d'Agnaus, the noted Grotto del Cani, which, since the peculiar properties of carbonic acid have been known, burdens almost every book which treats upon the gas, it would never have been heard of beyond the environs of Naples, while this foun- tain, in its place, would have been deservedly celebrated in story, and spread uoon canvas to the admiration of the world as one of the greatest curiosities." The following measurement of High Rock Spring was made in 1856: — FT. IN. At the surface of the ground the circemference is Diameter of aperture four inches below the top Height of the rock above the ground - - - . Water in the rock above the ground .... Depth of the spring from the top of the rock - - From the top of the rock to the water within - - 24 3 I ID 2 4 12 6 4 o The High Rock Spring was visited by Sir Wm. Johnson in 1767. He was then residing in Johnson Hall, in Fulton county, about 30 miles from Saratoga. It is said that he was the first white man who ever visited the springs, and the first civilized person who used their waters medicinally. He was carried thither on a litter, m All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. E i ■: V' by Indians, and, after a stay of a few weeks, left his bed and returned home on foot. Our illustration represents this eventful visit. The walls of the rock are of nearly uniform thickness throughout, In 1763 Gen. i^hilip Schuyler visited the I , k'''"i.;!!''i^^iiillii spring, and remained some weeks camping out. An aged chief of the St. Regis tribe of Indians told the late Chancellor Walworth that he visited this spring when a boy, and that he was told by the Indians that the water All-Romtd Route and Pmwramic G.Ude. 89 some of the,r women bathing in it when they ought not to have done so, the water went back into the rock and rn::;ortrto'''f ^^"t ^' '"^ '^P- '" -^^^ Seymour Amsworth, to whom Saratoga is indebted for many of her most tasteful buildings, and William McCaffrey "hen the owners of the spring, removed the rock, and found below ,t a chamber two feet in diameter, a;d ten eet deep. Immediately beneath the rock lay the body of a tree eighteen mches in diameter, ,vhich s«ll retained ts form and was sufficiently firm to be sawed into sections and taken out Several feet farther down, the body" thousands Of year! tit^Lst; ^^ la ttet w^ harflnbfT"°";° '^"- They must ceSnT ^T J T. "'c *' ^"'■f^^<=-™^l< b<=gan forming. ST.«._The Star, formerly called the lodrne has ac.dgas,and .s part.cularly valuable as a bottling water The spnng has been recently re-tubed. It Lntains twenty grains of iodine to a gallon of wa^er SELTZER.-The Seltzer Spring is about two rods P oximi v't '■"' ^°^'- ^"'' ^""-^"^ ■" --^h clos prox m,ty, ,ts waters are entirely different. An ingenious contrivance here exhibits the flov of the waters and U gas. It consists of a glass tube three feet in height, and fifteen mches in diameter, which is placed over the spnng, and through which the clear, bubbling wafe gush s ,n a steady volume ; while, faster than the water flow the ghttenng globules of carbonic-acid gas. Th's 90 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. '\<^:V' flow is abundant and constant ; but every few minutes, as the watchful visitor will observe, there is a momentary ebullition of an extraordinary quantity, which causes the water in the tube to boil over the rim. In sunshine, the liquid presents a beautiful appearance. The character of the water is said to be almost identical with the celebrated Nassau Spring of Germany, and is claimed to be the only seltzer water in the country. Empire Spring. — This celebrated and popular spring was taken in charge in 1846. The tube is scribed down to the surface of the rock, and is about eleven feet in length. The fountain discharges about seventy-five gallons per hour. This spring belongs to the Congress and Empire Spring Company, who last year sold thirty thousand dozen bottles of the water. Red Spring. — The Red Spring is a few rods beyond the Empire, and is located on Spring Avenue. Quanti- ties of ferruginous deposits are found about it, which give the water, when agitated, a red appearance, from which circumstance it derives its name. John A. Carpenter & Co., the proprietors, have had the spring re-tubed, and a neat pavilion and bottling-house have been erected. It is adapted to eruptive and skin diseases, salt-rheum, scrofula, &c. ; and its general efl"ect is to tone up the system, and vitalize the blood. "A" Spring. — This fountain is located a few rods from the Red Spring, and is rapidly growing in favor. Its water is quite extensively bottled for sale. Public atten- tion was called to this spring in 1867, when the orifice was tubed down to a depth of thirty-two feet upon the solid rock ; and the stream has since flowed in great purity. The Saratoga " A " water is one of the most All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide. 91 effectual mineral sprii. js found on either continent. The analysis shows four times the strength of Baden Baden and three times greater than the Kissingen of Bavaria. ' The Excelsior Spring and Park is about one mile east of the Passenger Depot at Saratoga Springs situated in a beautiful valley, skirted on one side by a large and picturesque piece of woods, and is one of the most delightful spots to visit at Saratoga. The Excelsior is reached by passing up Spring Avenue, which has lately been graded and handsomely laid out 1 he scenery here is most romantic. The water-works and Loughberry Lake are in this vicinity The Geyser or Spouting Spring, is situated about a mile and a half from the village, It was discovered in 1870. Appearance of a spring in the vicinity led to the sinking of a shaft through solid rock 140 feet deep when the waters burst forth and spouted a considerable distance from the surface. The water is exceedingly cold, being only 14 degrees above the freezing point, l^or Dyspepsia this water is unrivaled, as it contains more Soda and Magnesia combined (220,575 grains) than any other Saratoga spring water, and should be taken with or after meals. A high authority says : ' 1 he Geyser Spring Water is the best adapted for Liver and Kidney Diseases, and is applicable to a greater number of persons than any Spring at Saratoga " For many years the Ellis Spring (named after Robert Ellis, Esq., a highly respected citizen, and its late owner) was known ; but it was of little importance when com- pared with the larger springs in its immediate vicinity, l^inally preparations were made by Messrs. Vail & Seary the owners of the bolt-factory, to bore for a better / ■' .1 ; 92 A//- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. development of the spring. After sinking a shaft through the soHd rock a hundred and thirty- two feet, they struck the mineral vein, when the water burst forth, and spouted : through 2y struck C9) I ^ All-Roimd Route aud Panoramic Guide. 93 several feet above the surface. The rock formation proved to be a stratum of slate, eighty feet thick, b^ne th wh.ch was a deposit of bird s-eye limestone, in .hiTh he spouted mntral vem was struck. The tubing is block-tin pipe, two nches m d.ameter, incased with iron. The temper- ature of the spnng ,s only fourteen degrees above the iliip 'H.'' ii'ilipW- 94 All-Rptind Route and Panoramic Guide. freezing point. The water is more strongly impregnated witii mineral and medicinal substances than any other "known. The beautiful grounds, as well as the spring and bot- tling house, are open to visitors. They are privileged to drink the waters, examine the process of bottling, wander through the grounds, lounge on the seats, row on the pretty lake, take lunch under the awnings, and admire the beautiful waterfall, where the silvery stream takes a leap of twenty-five or thirty feet down into a shady dell. Twenty-seven omnibuses are daily em- ployed, during the season, in bringing visitors from the village to the spring ; and thousands of visitors have recorded their names on the register in a single season, An artistic basin in the spring house sustains the iron pipe, and from this; rises the effervescent water. An opening in the ceiling allows it full play, and here it constantly rises and falls. The globe on the well-curb, through which the stream of water flows, enables one to see the thick current of gas as it rises and escapes at the top. The water is put up in pint and quart bottles, also in tin-lined barrels of thirty gallons each, and is exported all over the world. The Vichy. — Opposite the Geyser, in the midst of the park, which embraces a beautiful lawn sloping down to Geyser Lake, is the Saratoga Vichy Spring. The rock was here drilled to the depth of one hundred and eighty-two feet before water was struck, when it spouted out to a height of thirty feet. It was opened in 1872. This is an alkaline water, while most of the springs are saline ; that is, the alkaline properties — lithia, soda, magnesia overbalance the chloride of sodium, or salt, M-Ro,md Route and Pafwnmic Guide. 95 and is therefore recommended in an entirely different class of cases. It is found to be a cure for dyspeZ and tones up the system. "y»pepsia, Geterl'd'irt^l'"'',^'"''"^ "^^ '"^^^^^'^^ near the Peyser, and, like it, is also a spouting spring. THE CHAMPION SPOUTING SPRING. Among the new features of attractions to the thou sands of people who visit Saratoga, is the " Champion Spouting Spring," which is most justly considered' he rYsort anr°:' ^' T"'' °' "''^ '^^'^'"'^'^ Summe resort and watering-place. It was discovered in August mile from the principal hotels of the village After a careful observation of the surface of the ground, the indications were such as to invite a deepe search, which it was hoped would reveal a hitherto unknown Fountain of Healing. nitnerto The work of boring was commenced and continued at a large expenditure of money, until the depth of 300 fee was reached, passing through slate rock, limestone and magnesian 1 me, beneath which was found an oli^S of SIX mches h depth, in which the „«W/ i^runs ^leaa of all the mineral waters of Saratoga On reaching this cavity the water burst forth with g eat force, throwing a column six and one half inches „ o Z: The S^ '^'^'" °' '"^"'^-«^^ ^-' ^^-e t,^ ^uheH J ^""^ "'' *^" =="-^''""y «"d securely tubed and cemented, that it might be protected against any impurity from fresh or surface water The tube being two inches in diameter is carried ten 96 All-Roiiud Route and Panoramic Guide. vu feet above the surface, on the top of which is attached a tapering tube with a quarter inch opening, through THE CHAMPION iSI'I{l.\(!. which the water continually spouts to the height of 30 to 35 feet. By removing the small tube, a column of foam- ing and sparkling water is permitted to escape with All-Iiound Route ,md Panommic Guide. 9; much greater force, being thrown into the air to the he,ght of 80 to :oo feet, and every af,cr,u,o„ a.fivlZ du^,ns tl.su.n„ur. a large company gathers tf witnts or Iceland Geysers. In the winter the water freezes around the tube, and frequently forms a pyrami. ofsoS and vanegated ice, thirty or forty feet hfgh, and four or cates the general appearance of the Spring, day and n.gh throughout the year. The surroundings have been beautified, and now offer all the attractions li the ,lder oprings. ^^ Prof. C. f. Chanukr, of the Columbia College School of M.nes, one of the best analyti al chemists in che county. v,s,ted this Spring shortly after its discovery! and from analysis, made from the water taken by him a the ,me .t exhibits a combination of medicinal qua.Uies not found m so rich a proportion in any other Spring. The Champion Spouting Spring water contains a InTIrT f ""'""'" ""' ^"^ "'"" ""^ ^""^ Spring, and holds the heavy and valuable minerals embraced t ts composition, in perfect solution, thus rendering it impervious to the effects of age or climate. ha gi^rthf ,;i 1 inaians Kayade- g • it IS eight miJes long, and two and a half miles \i0H 100 Ali'Rouftd Route aitd Panoramic Guide. broad. It is an expansion qf Kayadcrosseras Creek, which enters from its western shore. Passing out of the lake, the water takes the name of Fish Creek, which, after supplying a water-power to Victory Mills, unites with the Hudson at Schuylerville, On an eminence on the western shore is Carey B. Moon's celebrated Lake House. Game breakfasts and dinners are here served up in most approved style. Persons fond of boating, fishing, or sailing can here enjoy their favorite pastime, as bait-fish and boats are always in waiting at the wharf. The peculiar fitness of Saratoga Lake for boat-racing has long been recognized by American oarsmen. Easy •of access, ample in dimensions, removed from the temp- tations common to large cities, and lacking the currents .and eddies which, on other courses, are found so per- plexing to strangers, it is a spot which combines a health- ful location for training, and satisfactory water for racing purposes. Hence it has been frequently selected for important matches, and here have occurred many of the most noteworthy contests in the aquatic annals of the •country. Attention was first drawn to the lake by its being chosen, in 1871, as the scene of the first international iregatta ever seen in this country, when the Ward Brothers of Cornwall-on-the-Hudson, in a four-oared race, •defeated two English crews, which included the finest professional oarsmen to be found m Great Britain. During the height of the season, the hotel arrivals frequently number 1,000 daily. Life in Saratoga is two-fold — Home, and Hotel. The former is enjoyed by the residents of the village, whose refined and elegant homes are not to be excelled in any All-Round Route a,ul Panoramic Guide. ,o, city of the United States H^f.i r ^■ epliemeral in its nature Lrf^^'u' ["^""""^ble life is %, its duration is but fo "a ^horte ""^""^ '"'"^'- brief months, wealth beTulf I "' '" """'^ '^'' dients not so de nlbt i'^; ^^ '"'^ """^^ '"g--^' whirl and exciterenfof t^e IT,'"^ '' '"' ^""^ "'^ ^^^ the Spring in the mom, ! "" "" "'^ht^' ^''^'t^ ^ the afternoon t fol™ the da",^ '™'""''" " ""^^^ '" sure-seeken. A T .u ^ P™gramme of the plea- visits to he fnH ^ " °*" outside diversion! are P.if K f compelled to continue our iournpxr ■But before returnino- ♦^n a lu journey. fit of those who „"fpo e S/Lrr' '" '"^ •'^"^■ surroundings, say' hat at a d a„ct of .fi'T T' "' Saratoga is Fort FH,.„ J^ c' '^ ""'"^^ ''^ynd aXdi;r„^f:^r::rrtfr?'"^^^ scenery imaginable Th u '^"' ^"'' '■<'™"«': was/escenrL,;X^™^^^ irsrui^xictr"''''"^^"'""--"'-^^^^^^^ near thfru 'o^tHe ttT of V f '^""^™ "^"•^' William Henrv VlT^ ^""^ "'^""^^ *e Fort containin^a^om^m^lrnrr 1 ^f "'t '■°"- grounds are laid out with ^reat elf ''°°° ^^'^^ ■ 'ts orthe southern end Of tlret^I'inrthtl^- tit\ 102 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, The Hotel is owned by Messrs. T. Roessle & Son, of the Delavan House, Albany, and the Arlington at Washington, D. C, also its managers. FORT EDWARD.— SANDY HILL.- FALLS. -GLEN'S jEAVING Saratoga for the north, the first station reached is Gansevoort, named so after Col Peter Gansevoort of Albany, who in the Revolutionary War distinguished himself by his gallant defence of Fort Oriskany, and who resided here when the war was over. The village stands upon t'li Snookkill. It is situated in the town named after the French General, Moreau. Fort Edward. — The first mention of Fort Edward in history app'=!ars in 1690. In July of this year, Gen. Fitz John Winthrop, in command of seven hundred troops, set forward from Albany for the conquest of Canada. They reached this, the Great Carrying Place, on the 5th of August, the soldiers having marched up with their provisions and horses, the Dutch militia com- ing up the river in their canoes. The next day they marched twelve miles through a continuous swamp, abounding in white pine, to the falls on Wood Creek (Fort Ann), carrying their provisions and canoes upon their backs. On the 7th the general passed down the creek with the soldiers in their bark canoes, flanked by the Indians, to the Hautkill (Whitehall), where he en- camped. Sandy Hill. — Two miles from Fort Edward, on the route to Lake George, is Sandy Hill. This is a village of about twenty-five hundred inhabitants. It is situated on All-Raund Route and Pa,u,ra,nu GuicU. ,03 power for r^^^^'t^^^^' :^^:^ ^'^ ^-^-^'tional of numerous adventurer T •""'" '^^^ *''^ ^-^^ne Revolutionary S """^ *^ ^'^"-^h and former termination of Tl ^^ "'°"«a"d- It is at the Hudson Rai": d i tve ' :' ''^ ''^''"^" ^"'^ their line tI,rough to CaldweH t T'"" ^'P'^'^"* formerly. The plac;is sftlrH "u""*' ^'"S"^' ^» of the same nam^ Th^rdLcerh" r^'^'"'^' '"^"^ by measurement to be six y-three Let 't^" "rtu" Hudson flows in one sheet Vastgie dim am"; •': of the precioice hi,f \. - .. "s^c aam at the brink channel Tre it tkes r ''''^ "'^''^^'' '■"'° ^"^^ -g.ed rocks, amdthichTbrr"''"''^ °^^^ '"^ thunders, till, passing under *e S« Tnd T^' ."' •angular Icneth of seven 1, T\ ^' ^""^ *hrough an it eme^es Lol::; ^'^0°: .^'^^''r "' ^^^'' formed of black marble riion^ '"'^' *'"''' " one channel to the othe T^ ?' '''''"'^'"^ ^■■°'" Cave, from the faci that a thri r " °"" " ^°°P^^'^ CooperV-LastoftheMoLvan '"flaT.:'" ^'""""^ ^alls are inscribed the names If f *"■'• °" *^ ■■ocks at some seasons ar.. ,° /°™^'- "^'''ors. The covered with X Th^r^^ ^ '?' '"" ^' °*^^^ "- indentations, aid n manl „.''' ''''''" "''* ^'"^" are formed by pebbleTkent '' ""-''-able chasms water. . ^ ^ ^^^^ '" "lotion by the falling 104 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. The celebrated Glen's Falls black marble is here quar> ried, sawed, and polished for market. Enormous quan- tities of the limestone are excavated for the purpose of being converted into jointa lime. Along the banks on each side are the finest saw-mills on the continent, — whose hundreds of saws are under a single roof, — which run by night and by day, converting a steady stream of logs into lumber, laying the whole North Woods under contribution, and affording employment to hundreds of operatives. Below are huge paper and flouring mills. Two miles above the falls is the State dam, a new and costly structure, which is also the head of the Glens Falls feeder. At this place are extensive saw-mills. Beyond and above this is the big boom, built and main- tained at a cost of thousands of dollars, and which is cap- able of holding a million logs. No tourist who can spare the time should omit taking the delightful drive. From here to Fort Edward is a distance of six miles^ where may be witnessed a succession of waterfalls, equals in the aggregate, to one hundred and thirty feet. A po- pulation of fifteen thousand dwells upon its banks. A canal, railroads, and telegraph furnish the modern appli- ances for ready business ; schools, academies, and churches abound, and sumptuous private residences at- test the wealth of the people. Here is located the well- known Glen Falls Insurance Company, one of the best managed institutions in the country. Spacious stores invite custom for an area of many miles. The village is lit by gas ; and water is, at great expense, brought for five miles from the Luzerne Mountain. The Rockwell House, kept by LeRoy Rockwell, has been rebuilt on the site of a former hotel, and has accom- ie. here quar- ous quan- )urpose of banks on ntinent, — )f, — which stream of ods under indreds of ring mills, n, a new the Glens saw-mills, and main- iich is cap- can spare ^e. six miles^ alls, equals It, A po- )anks. A ern appli- nies, and lences at- the well- the best any miles, : expense, tain. kwell, has as accom- "^"-l^omd Route and Panommic Guide. joj -y WHO see. ^^r^: ^T:^ :^ ^ '". ms^„„ LAKE GEORGE. W bv'.^n'-'^r.'""''' ^^"^ '° Lake George, no,, beautiful scenery. Below Brown's Hklf W.„ House was a stockade fort, built by Major West Jl two moats and a ba^tmn a •, , ' ^'^" mtrenchment buHt by c", FosteT't ff "' "" '" pa.-gn. These were intended 4 protect thr' "'"■ - Jies fro. the Incursions o7r tl^^Z Pan--ed b. sTt^ Cd^ '^ e^n t^^ ^^ ^r" wagons, secu::d' T^^ tl ^^fc^ a^nT: '\ e.ghty-four prisoners. ^ ' *"'' ^°°^ Just beyond the toll-gate is the monument erected to naer. col. Williams was k led at the battle ^f t i George, whfch occurred in ,75 5 Farther ^ to Bloody Pond so nam^rf u I °" ** ^""^ Brook, itLutS we e a thrr' ""^"^'"^ °^ ^^"^^ soned with the blZf f !u ='''°™-"a'"ed time, crim- ^^anks. I LlttltisroSr^'' "''- f beautiful view of the lake, and desc ndine thrvn"^ ^ soon arrive at the village of Caidwer ^ ' "" im«' Ji 1 06 All-Rou7id Route and Panoramic Guide. Lake George, called by the French " Lac St. Sacra- ment," was discovered by Father Jacques, who passed through it in 1645, on his way to the Iroquois Nation, by whom he was afterward tortured and burned. It is thirty-six miles long by three miles broad. Its elevation is two hundred and forty-three feet above the sea. The waters are of remarkable transparency ; romantic islands dot its surface, and elegant villas are erected upo" its shores. It is one of the finest sheets of water in the world. But not the unrivalled scenery, nor the pellucid water, nor the ceaseless play of light and shade upon the rock- bound islands and mountains, can for a moment equal the intense absorbing interest excited by the historic legends of this memorable localityi They are inter- woven with much of the early history of our Continent, and reach back to the time when truth vanishes into tradition. Few, if any, among the picturesque lakes in America are more beautiful or more celebrated than this lake, which lies between the counties of Washington and Warren, in the State of New York, and is thirty-six miles long, varying in breadth from three-quarters of a mile to four miles, and in many places is four hundred feet in depth. It is in the midst of mountains, and popular belief credits it with islands equal in number to the days of the year. History as well /s tradition lingers around it, marking many spots with more than ordinary interest. Not the least among these are the ruins of Fort William B enry and Fort George. The lake has had many names conferred upon it, both by Indians and white men. The former generally called it Lake Horicon ; the French named it La Lac du St. t. Sacra- ) passed Nation, d. It is elevation ;a. The c islands Lipo" its le world, id water, he rock- tit equal historic 'e inter- )ntinent, ties into A.merica lis lake, on and lirty-six ers of a lundred ns, and mber to radition re than are the e. The >oth by T called : du St. AU-Rouud Rcte a,ul Pauoramic G„ide. ,07 Sir William Johson, prLp ed bv h,^ TT ""P"^^^" Lake George, after one of I r- ^^^"^' "''"*'' '' and his tifle has bl * ^^''■■S^' °f Great Britain, uiic nas been permitted to rpmaiV, designation, although it cannof », ? '^ "^ appropriate or elegant A . T ^ ^ considered attractions of tfil t;"'": .'T'""" '"^ ""^"^ interest for everyone Th 'f^'— /' ''^s something of of beaut,, andTerrgltair °'^' °' ^'""^"^^' wmttei;^":::, "it;it '° "^^ -^' •'^ ^- " relic of heroic deeds " if h ""'^ ■"""^'"^ "^ ""'^ citadel that stood withiL the Tlf '•'' "^'^"^"■- leads from the Hotd ! a 5""'''*"°"^- ^ walk Hin and up.a:dlt s^Zi; f^Xnt^tr ^^ can be obtained. A fine livery is kemf!! ., ""'" of enjoying the many delight J Sl°^ t ^^^'^^ and conveyances have been ' ^"''*' '" ">« ^'cmity, for the purpose of !I^ a ^"'^"^ constructed House, 'rrtiew tZ2 '° '''°^P^^' «°""'--" Within vievv are fiv^?,, P°*"' '= unsurpassed, a hundred m^ dilL tt' f' ''"^'"P"""" °- Adirondacks, threats^: th ^"T *'°""'^'"^' "'^ Crane Mouiltains St'tSl":^";^' ^'■"' '"^ Lake George w.'fi, .v ^ ""^ view of and vinasri^robt-nTcllSe ^^^^^-'^'^ h's visit to Fort William Henrv Tnd T T"/"""^ "rr;rnSi,H5^^^^^^ proceed to t^ "„ ^ tfurt"^' t'"" ^'^ '"-'"^^'l. and about but interest-:; i:::^^ '^ "'^ -""- I08 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 1:5: .!;. :: ■' • ■ ALBANY. JLBANY is the capital of the state of New York, and was first settled in 1612, and became the State capital in 1798. Great taste has been displayed in the construction of its public and private buildings. Among these may be noted the New Capitol, located just in the rear of the old Capitol ; and its grounds include the site of the old building, and the old Capitol park. The Capitol has a frontage of three hundred feet. The style of the building is Renaissance, being the same as that of the Pavilion of the new Louvre, or the Hotel de Ville in Paris. Without any servile imitation, the architects have produced a result which, in its bold, effective spirit, marks the most advanced example of modern archit;ecture. It was built upon a foundation of concrete, extending under the whole building, and to a depth of from three to twenty-five feet. The treacherous nature of the soil made the cost of the foundation very expetisive. The outside walls are of Maine granite ; and the inner walls and courts of New-Hampshire granite, which is of a lighter shade than the former. The structure will be fire-proof, and covers three and one- half acres of ground. Approaching the building by the front entrance, the main hall, sixty by seventy-four feet, is reached : from this extending to the upper floors, are two grand sand- stone staircases, one of which is completed. At the left of tht entrance are the offices of the Governor, and Adjutant General; at the right, the offices of the Secretary of Appeal room, which, with its oaken ceiling ;w York, ame the as been i private le New itol ; and and the red feet, the same le Hotel :ion, the its bold, imple of ^tending )m three the soil :he inner ich is of J will be " ground, mce, the ;d : from nd sand- : the left nor, and of the n ceiling All-Rcuud Route and Pauoran.ic Guide. ,09 STHa^ "otTTV''"'^'' °- °f West. long by fifty.four feet deen rt T ^«'"y-t'iree feet room one hundreda„dXv ^M ""'k' ^''^'"''^^' ^ wide. The ceilineron t^ . "^ ^^ eighty-five The Senate Chamber is al«n ^^ «,- o room fifty-eight feet squa e wfth ^alle ' '"" '" " The ceiling is of carved oaic Thf b!"w- °" '7° ''"''■ Capitol has called forth . v • . '''^'"^ °^ *« "«" fevoroCand^gaLr^h ? '""" '^'"'^ =»" ^''i^'' ^oth in but, as the w^k anotlf^ '"" ^^^P-^'t-e involved ; conceded that "odTdgmrntTt"""' " '^ ^^"^-">^ the Empire Stal wil halTa Cal,T -iT'' '"" *^' be^ommensurate with its o^nSSlT'"^ '"" ^"' its construction^:ferwrn?rr '°"^^!.^°^ '852. It is situated on »n ' '"^rporated in border of the dtv and • ,'"'"'" '" *^' ""'hern largest and Ldf in"t '"''''"'' """' '""^ "^ *« above tide-water ll„ 1'" ^""^ '^enty-five feet ranroad-bridg^^athTeT tt;T'7-^r''^-' The superstructures are of T "''^ '" '^"S*. H ^ "i ""'^ '"^""^^'^^^ ^-y which have e^'red for h^ °^ "' '''^''^="^'' ^otels^ «°n for bci:ni:;tr;trm: ^"^i^r"'^ ^^p-'^- State. These are the wdl!l« and complete KenmorT !l"''"'." °<='^^«" -nd the ne^ train on the New York" Centrir^ T "'^" "^^^ «>« route to ^''""^' Ra'lwaj^. for Utica, en A .K X- TRENTON FALLS. itrraS;;':itr'^trh^T'7 ""'- - ^''^ them, they ought not to h. ? ""'^ '"""'"^ up to w".. ''--L.lLlrlt''nt r ^tV:'- f the morning train, change at Utica Zl 1 ^^' ^^ well-equipped train of the Utoa 1 « *■' ""'" "'^ Railway- which connects whhtlf^ ^'-^^'^ "^'^'^'^ to the Trenton Falls st«on1 J L .r "„' ""'"^k" nver forming the Trenton K,n . "" f ^"«r "oon. The Creek, but L thfs nam e ' " '"' ^^^' ^'^"^^a have been named afterThe t' " ^"P''°"'°-' the Fails are situated. There tn " T """' '" "'"'^'' 'W whichin.-tselfispr 1 T"^' '"'"'" « Trenton more the pSil' ;"r~ ^ l""" "^ ''^-«'""'- 't is givethecharm a;dZl. . " ^'^°^*' "^^' ^^ich of the most p clurlr,:/, '°?"'"' ''^ ^^^ - 0"^ The stream d sceS'Tfe r'^. '^'^ "" '"^ ^°"«"-'- falls of great bea ;. A the ^"u 7° """" ""' ' ""^^ °^ ■•^ along the bed of'^^heriv r tself t'^f'T '°'' """'''' --timeto:ri:l--r^~^A^^^^^ 112 All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Gnidc. justify their name, there are two actual waterfalls here, which are within a few hours' journey from Niagara, and seen after that mightiest of all cataracts, would appear as trifles, but when taken on one's way to the Falls, and viewed in connection with the surrounding scenery, are well worthy of the visit we propose to make. The banks of the river are thickly wooded on each side, with broken clefts here and there, through which the colors of the foliage show themselves, and straggling boughs and rough roots break through the high rocks, and add to the wild charm of the scene. The tourist should not leave without visiting the " Lover's Walk, " a beautiful avenue of hemlocks, near the hotel. Bridal parties who go to Niagara, generally make Trenton one of the stopping-places on their wedding tour. Could these fine old trees, which line the walk, speak forth and proclaim the scenes which have been witnessed beneath their shade, the tale would recall to many a personal and pleasing experience. The shadowy walk is certainly well adapted to the tender mood in Avhich lovers are prone to indulge. A comfortable hotel is situated in the village, where travelers can get all their wants supplied, and then take the cars back to Utica, where they can again join the New York Central line, and proceed via Rome, Syracuse, Rochester and Lockport, on their way to Niagara. As we presume that this journey will be made without any stoppages, we shall omit all these places, and merely say that they are the ordinary specimens of American towns and cities having broad streets, avenues of trees, large stores, and excellent houses with an air of prosperity about the whole of them. AlURound Route nt,^ d oute and Panoramic Guide, i,. THE NKWVORK, LAKE ERIE AND WESTERN RAILWAY. I it Walts/; r ^T ^^- ^-^ - Niagara Falls 1 h "" ^"''"' »"«"«'° or Lake Erie and Western Ra^ "" /°P"'*' ^'^^ ^^^k, " «<-/ surpassed by any Aw7^' T^"""" '"''" '1«ip>ncnt '•" truth reco„,„,endTh,t" Ir'"' "" '""''''' -^ can botla for tl,e elegant anrf " "^'^ '''''"'^''le one Sleeping coachnr^Sr ^^'■"^— " -d' as the grand and picturr,nue ' "'^" P^°-'ded- as well New York, Lake eV ^'C/rXl °"''' "•"■'" '"^ above railway is one of th Ra'lway passes. The eeringskil, in^Ls : an^oX""'/""'"''''^ °^ -S'"- of the grandest and most varied"'' '"' ^'^"^"^ »■"« America. Previous tHf ''""^''^ '° ^-^ ^und in «ne were cons^ d ^asXT'""' ''°'*'°"^ "^ ">« Zf ~. yet mouS'l^e Tcale:"" *^" ^ and river canons passed bv Ki ! ""^ P"''ced. ftce of stupendous pecTpices ^'"^ %P^* '■™'" *e were spanned by bniesT: _ f^T ''"'1 "'^'^ deep valleys crossed by massivf Itducte ""J^'^^''- Itne was begun in iSjfi ,„^ viaducts. This/aw,-2>^ cost to date upward of *!;"''"'''' '" '«5'' '""' has Drawing.room'a7d SleepS'::!:"^- «P'-^'<1 Palace, through trains east or weft m"' '"'"''"'' '° '"' 'he points of interest to be se^al T °' ""^ «'"ctive Vork. Lake Erie and wLet^Vai^ ""^ °' ""^ '^- sufficient beauty to repav theT f'^^ "' ^''^ of g / °'^P^y 'he tounst for the journey over 'il«Jlll 1 14 Ail-Round Route and Pafioramic Guide. the whole line. The beautiful. valley of the Delaware, the gorgeous Susquehanna, and the wonderful and charming Wyoming valley, all present a picture to the tourist of unrivalled interest. Portage, on the direct line to Buffalo and Niagara Falls, is celebrated for its Wooden Trestle Bridge, the largest structure of the kind in the v/orld, being 800 feet long by 234 feet in height, sustained by 13 stone piers spanning the Genesee River. Its cost was over $174,000. Some conception of its magnitude may be formed when it is known that in its construction 1,600,000 feet of timber, and 106,820 lbs. of iron were used, and the design and architecture such, that, while undergoing repairs, any portion of it may be removed, without weakening the structure, or retarding, or inter- fering with the progress of trains. It is here also that the Genesee River enters a grand rocky defile, presenting, as far as the eye can reach, a succession of wild and varied scenery. The Upper iFalls — ^just below the bridge — have a descent of 6% feet, making the distance from the top of the Bridge to the bottom of the Falls 302 feet. At the Middle Falls, one quarter of a mile beyond — the water dashes in an unbroken sheet into a chasm no feet in depth, bounded on either side by perpendicular ledges. The action of the water has formed a hollow in the rock, known as the Devil's Oven. The Lower Falls are a mile and a half from the Bridge, and it is here the scenery is most sublime. At this point the river, after a precipitous course of nearly one-fourth of a mile, descends 20 feet, and striking the base of Sugar Loaf Rock, which rises 100 feet from the bed of the river, turns at a right angle and falls into a deep pool. The rapidity of the water at if* All.Rou„d Route and Panoya,nic Guide. , , 5 Alps, instead of twelve C^nTT x?^' ^ *'"°"S 'he would be visited an ^in LT Z IT ""T' '^^ written of a great deal n^e ' P'"''°?'-«Pl'ed, and At tlmira, 573 miles west fmm nJ i^ > for Watkin's Glen and slnec?! I ,?'''': ^^^^'^"Sers where they will find the f ? ' '"" '^"""^^ "=«>•«. Northern Central Raikt '' '''"'PP'^^ "■^■"^ °f the - Wat.ins, onVlwitl'^r ''"^^^ '° ^^^ '"- head^f^TetlV^nt steca^tal '^' ^ T'^ '^^ *^ Schuyler, i„ the midst of beautt' '" "^ ^°""'>' ^^ close to which it is situated iot of r"^- ?' '^"^^ sheets of water in A n,. ""^ ""^t beautiful -iles in leS nd has""' ^ '" "' "■"''^- '' '^ '^^y At the lowefornortherrendThTt ""* °' '"■° -■'- ^- the water, and t: t^ 0^:^;': ^^^'"^"^ garden dotted everywhere with fine h u ''""' presenting all the appearance o weal h A ^^ ''"' ^™n, the wate:."ThfS:e7:el''^%^1 ^^7"^ every variety of scenerv ^S u ""' ^''"°s' ■ntervals, landing at Liny 0^? 'k ^'^ ^' '■'•^''-"' the different stoopiL placed bor" f ^'""^ ' ^"'' « fishing may be had. ""'' "^^''y ''^'^"itJ' for The glen, which ."brthe last few years h». K 'ew years has been resorted 1. 1 *=■ i liMv!! P I i! 1 16 Ail-Round Route and Paftoramic Gvide. to by great numbers of visitors, is about half a mile from the steamboat landing and the railway station. It :s a deep and rocky ravine between two hills which are clothed with foliage, the tops of the trees frequently meeting at the top of the deep gorge. A small stream runs through it, forming frequent waterfalls, and adding a great charm to the place. The length of the glen is about two miles, and everywhere good paths and secure railings have been arranged, so that one may visit every part without danger. The different points worthy of note are as follows : Passing the entrance amphitheatre and ascending the first stairs, we see the Entrance Cascade^ 60 ft. in height. From the first bridge, called Sentry Bridge, we have a view eastward over the wide valley at the head of the lake, and of the wooded heights beyond ; and westward, up the glen, of the high cliffs which bound it at the sides. Passing along a path overlooking Stillwater Gorge, we soon see the Minnehaha Cascade. This part of the gorge is called Glen Alpha. We now cross and recross the gorge, pass the Labyrinth and ascend the Long Staircase, 50 ft. high, and see before us Cavern Cascade, with a fall of 40 ft. One may enter the Grotto behind the cascade. Pursuing our way we enter at the heac^of the Long Staircase, Glen Obscura, and follow the path to Point Look Off. From this spot we look back into Glen Alpha, and above, in the opposite direction, we see the Glen Mountain House, 100 ft. above us. The hotel has two buildings ; one occupied for sleeping apartments, parlors, &c., and the other, across the glen, used as a dining-room. The two are connected by a handsome suspension bridge. Close to the hotel is the Art Gallery (entrance fee, 25 cents), passing which All.Ro«„^ Ro„,e and Pa„ora„.u Guide. , ,7 •«'e soon see the Mystic Gorire of Gl.n ok now descend to the briH^r k k ^l^^^ra. We X'rm and enter clr/v"^ "°'''' *^ -5>/.«« which are 300 fthfeh Th f 'k' *^ ^^^^ ^"« °f yards. In the cenS thi bel'^?^ ^' *" ^'^" '"' ^00 ^nwhat.-s caned lcL2Taf.:/f'''fT'''- 50 ft into a deep nool M ' . "^^^"^^^ Cascade, falling we enter the Ciel^t P^^rZ "^ ^'^"'' ^'^'-- of the glen is very beautlft^ th/ T""^ °^ ""'^ P^^ crossed soon a J enS the cT l^l '"" """"S^' «ceived the appellatior f ^^i" t ^^ ^°°'^' ''^^ enter the Giant's Gorge and tf T f'"' ^^ ^°°" ^««*^ Paiis, the former^- ^''^'^ ^''^'■''* «"d the brook from gIuZLT T'"' ''^ *^ ^^"■"e of stream from the sotth f- * *' '""'^^ "^ ^ ^"a" glen. We ascend ^Jf^^ 7" *^ ^'^'^^ 'nto the Dimculty,pass5wi^^rc^^7„ -^ b^r ^'^" traversing the JVarrow Patlft T Tl ^"'^^^' ^"^' see Piut. Palls. ^ZS- s ai t "/ °' '''^" ^'•^^«'^' which is crossed to ltd „ Pat^ ^^Ol.„ Arcadia, glens and waterfalk ,h„ It ^'"^"'^ are other of no specialty °'' *" P°'"' ^^"^ "sited, but su— riiol wT*^'" ^-^^ -^ °^ the the last few^ea'ngTearmr'' r""""^" ''"""^ throng the excellent ho^nX vllt"'""'^^ ^'^'"- maTvXs HftTthe ""^ °' '"^ ^'^" = "I* - a have been made L 'j "T'""^ ""'■* ''' ^^^""^ "-' It suggests Vauctse in 2 T '^^'""'"^'^^ ^''-* sparkle of the wa e U f. !, '''""''' '^'^^™^- =""^ magnificent Pass of the Fin. '"^^'''' *^ ^°'"'"-^. ot the Fmstermunz, in the Tyrol, but is nc^'j 1 1 8 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. infinitely brighter and more varied. It suggests Trenton Falls, but is wilder and deeper. Most of all, it suggests Bash-Bish, in old Berkshire, — is indeed very like it, but is yet more picturesque and perilous." Bayard Taylor says of it : " In all my travels I have never met with scenery more beautiful and romantic than that embraced in this wonderful glen ; and the most remarkable thing of all is> that so much magnificence and grandeur should be found in a region where there are no ranges of mountains." The Glen is one of nature's reservoirs of eternal coolness. In its shadowy recesses, beside its emerald waters, you forget even the fierce heat of July and August, hundreds of feet above you. But it is seen in its utmost beauty in October, when the wild gorge, with its wonderful variety of delicate foliage, is trimmed with the most gorgeous colors. HAVANA GLEN. [AVANA GLEN is located near the People's College Building, (now known as the Cook Academy,) in the eastern part of the village ^of Havana, one mile east of the Northern Central depot, and three and a half miles from Watk'n's Glen. Its course is nearly east and west, the ascent being towards the east, as it is on that side of the valley. It differs very materially from the Watkin's Glen in the details of its scenery, and yet in generalities, is almost a counter- part of its scenic sister on the west side of Seneca valley. In approaching it you pass through a vast and beautiful amphitheatre of thirty or forty acres, filled with groves and cosy picnic grounds ; and many of the All-Jiouna Route an, P„„oran,u Guide. ' „, eorges and cascades are fully enual M . them s«perior_to the fin Jf c, ^""^ ^^""^^ of It is not so long as w.f,"' ^7"'' J" Watkin's Glen. '"11 of startling and ^so k," "' *'' ""^^ ^--^ instead of bein'g ov , 1 1 ^ '^^ -^ 'ts pools, are as square as if hewn bv h °'' ^' W''*!"^. stratified rock. l^Z^l f .["^ ^-^^ncy. out of the including the mosses, Ss t^; '"' ^'"'"'' "-a- those of Watkins Glen th. ''"'' ,'?™^' ^--^ much like and the universal sS Lnt of t T- "^ ^"P^"— should by all means seeTd'e J, Xth"^' *" ^■■^■•'- -otras°i£rcti:.tT>--^^^^ Council Chamber,' ■Xurtlinr'^'^''"'' ^^"^•■' "The d-." "The Brid;i VeU" " H '"''''" "'^^'''s Lad- Indian Oven," "The Mount T" ^"''S'^'" "The Falls," "Chaos Go ^"^£0;"" 7",""^''" "Whispering " Summit Falls," etf """'• " ^'^"^' Cascade," the^'IsrratUS.ltt" "Z-^^™ '^'^ '"P-ses ■siarger than that !f Watk^G ''' T." """^ ^'^-" shaley, and it has a Tron i ' ^''^ '•°<='' 's less angular points diding^'cL^f' system of rect- buttresses. When ;, ^ f '"'° ^"'"^''^ ^w^rs and '-e a jaggeTfa-c: ^ rw^t^tV'^ ''\ ' "^^ "- surface as smooth and evenll,'"' *"" " ■"""' -•des of canons the 321!'. r '' '''"' ^'^'"^ the grand simplicity. The rrodZ ^'■'^' ^'''^^''''''y ^"d of division, zigzagini at ri^ht ^ T""' '°"°"^ "'^ ''"» after the fasl^on'of^ord W stf " "*" *='" """"^ the "Council Chamblr •' it "^ ^' t™«, as in square corners and pe.pe„dicuL°"!, '^*" '"'"'' ""* pe.pendicular sides, as unlike any- i,.^,. ;-'!. 1 20 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. thing in Watkins Glen as can be imagined. The walls are lower than in Watkins, but they seem higher because of their clean-cut faces. In Watkins there is a persistent sameness in diversity — a monotony of fantastic outline. Havana has a statelier, more majestic look. Watkins confuses while it amazes, bewildering by its multitude of details, infinitely various yet constantly similar. Havana has less variety and greater diversity — its plan seeming to be to present no two scenes at all alike. At times the cliff gives place to wooded escarpments ; vegetation creeps down into the gorge and throws a net- work of beauty and grace — truly glen-like — between two spaces of precipitous rock. The falls are fewer but in the main more massive, and the pools are square- cornered instead of oval. In short, the two Glens are not rivals, but complements, and the sight of one heightens rather than lessens the enjoyment of the other." There are refreshment houses at and near the entrance of the Havana Glen, and three good hotels in the village — the Montour House, which is in size and all things else a first-class house, and the Webster House and Central Hotel, which are smaller, but very attractive and nicely conducted. Carriages will convey visitors to and irom the depot and public houses, and between the two Glens, at moderate rates. SENECA LAKE, Which is claimed and conceded to be one of the most beautiful and interesting sheets of water in the world, is nearly forty miles long, from two to four miles in width, of great depth, and unrivalled in purity and clearness by any of its sister lakes in Central New York. Its course AlURmmd Route and Panoramic Guide ,21 -tcMess beaut,. ™^Lrabl' Crf ^^^ WatkinsanH T , ^'^''mboats ply bet-^een G.e„: on Te ea f r '■" °^ '"'--'' -'''^ from Lne east side, are Hector Falls p fi«^ success,on of cascades, and a beautiful point fo 'pleasure parties, three miles north of Watkins wl h point, where annual camp-meeti;? heW usu^ll" June, and where there is a good hotel weM ^tromS In" ^p—l^^fT^ta^^^^^^^ sif :r"Htrrco,c::: Kir ^^^^^ Museum. The view of the I II ^4 '"'' ^'"«'^^' from College Hiinl Itf the Ce^t ItT " 1^ i-gined, and is worth going millTs^t "" "'^" '^ ilie two unopened twin Glens w.>}, fK^- £ af p^oi c "^'^"" their fine cascades ion i '""""^' ^'■^ '■"'""^^ *«" worthy of attfn "\ .':■'■::■, ;-^''1" 1 22 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. beautiful and sublime to be found' on this portion of the American continent. From the preceding description of Watkins and Havana Glens, Seneca Lake and surroundings, the query will naturally suggest itself, " Why isn't this locality a pleasant place in which to spend a summer vacation ? " It certainly is, being one of the most delightful and in- teresting spots on the continent. In addition to the pleasurable features of the section, it abounds with numerous mineral springs which have, by years of experience, proven to possess excellent healing qualities. This locality is readily accessible by the Erie Railway to Elmira, from thence via the Northern Central, twenty miles northward to Havana or Watkins, or via the New York Central to CanadMgua, where the Northern Central is taken southward to destination, but we prefer to return to Elmira, and continue our journey westward via the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railway, to the worid-renowned cataract, to visit which is the " Mecca " of every tourist's pilgrimage, and not to have, seen is his reproach ; we approach the recital of its beauties with a sense of the inadequacy of the pen to do it justice. NIAGARA FALLS. |HE Falls of Niagara may justly be classed among the wonders of the worid. They are the pride of America, and their grandeur, magnitude ai:d magnificence are well known to all the civilized worid. Ever since the discovery of this wonderful cataract, mil- lions have flocked thither from all countries to gaze with feelings of the deepest solemnity on the tumultuous fall of water, and to adore the power and majesty of the AU.Rou„d Ro,ae aud Panoramic Guide. ,25 cenery of this stupendous waterfall. of a thousand thunder, n f ^'^^ ^he deafening roar rounhs of a „,L""S L'no'f^^tTd T "''^^- aggregate, it is calculated nf , t T J ^ ''' "^ *" hour. No wonder tto'f.K'''""'"'°"'°"^P«^ shrines the untutored fh " ^""'''^' "^ ""-^' yearly and w^sht tldr St'T:- 7' T"' '° ^""^ by the sacrifice of an TnH ? '' ""'' P^P'^ate him current in a floweHadf " ""''"' "^' 'l^^" ^ 'he terrible vortex no wo„h .T°l '" ^'' "'^'^ '" 'he missionarieT^h^ pene'alrd t? ^^J^' *""" '"^ «"' speechless awe to the ^1 "^"^ ^"'^ P"''"'^^ '" that in these latter 1 Z^ ^ '*""■"''' ='"'' "° ^™nder part of thrcountv aTd r ""'^ "' '°"*'^ fr^"" ^very fheir destiX L ^tSrin"'^ """' '"'" '^' -.e^sa^geandtheprt^^ZTheZLrr.:: ti'o'ttrloLToinrlt:^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ -he ;i "of ptr ■• ^-^^^ »-ct hood. '^ °^ P''"''" '"'"^=' i" the neighbor. ove?t:o"i:L:i:irvs t "^ ^ ^^'^'^^ -- Jesuit missiona.y fct salth. k*" ^'"^'"' =' ^'^"'^ of discove,y inl ;:: ";f " ""-^ °" - -Petition Fan'tXf. Thr' '° ^ r"^"' ''^^'''- 'h^ g-at of Lundey's Lan?wf r ."'"^ "'^ ■"^'"-^'"^ b^'tle ndey s Lane was fought ; the Whirlpool below the 134 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Falls ; the Suspension Bridges ; the Devil's Hole, and the Bloody Run ; the Queenston Heights, General Brock's Monument ; the burning Spring, etc. The Village of the Falls, through which you jvass on your way from the cars, lies on tiie east side ui ihe river, in the immediate vicinity of the grand cataract, 22 miles by rail from the city of Buffalo on Lake Erie, and 300 by rail from Albany. This is a fashionable place of resort during summer and autumn, and the Hotels ai the village are excellent in all respects, and most agreeable abodjs for those who intend to sojourn for a time within sound of the Falls. Having landed our traveller safely at Niagara, the choice of an hotel is the matter of paramount importance. General opinion is much divided on this subject, many travellers asserting that the American side is the only one to stay at and see the Falls, as the Rapids and Goat Island are to be reached from that side only, whilst others take the broader view of the question— that the minor attractions ought to give place to the Falls, and that the •only place to obtain an uninterrupted view of the two mighty cataracts is from the Canadian side. We shall, however leave this question to be decided by the traveler, and merely observe that the hotels on both sides are very good, that is to say, the " International," and " Spencer House," on the American side, and the " Brunswick," on the Canadian Shore ; any of which can be well recom- mended. Having selected our hotel, it is scarcely necessary to say that days of sojourn at the Falls are desirable to see them in all their varying aspects, and become fully acquainted with their beauty and grandeur, often All-Round Rouu and Panoramic Guide. ,25 underrated by those who only nav th. F,n a ■ vi-iiV TJ.»» ■ ^ . . ' P ' '"^ 'alls a flv no- visit. J he tourist and peasur-travMI.- k ... ^ best served with a brief Z ''^J"' •''"vever, will be and iPost corenienr » /"' "^ "'^ "'o^' '^»"'if"' the .--^ttra«ti^^;t^ir::;^/o^. .-^ Nature inH Ar^ r , " ' ^^'^ely, indeed, do thede^^gltedt /son h'". """"^ '° 'P'-"^ "^^-o- along the ^l<.:mlV^Zt:tT'''''''' ^^°^-' "Pon the point in front oTITmZ:^Z7 C oT'' tftc grand adjacent scenery being utilized t„ «i, ■ !u ' pictures. The entrance fee M tZ u ^" '" *^^ repaid a thousand-fold by LeW hT «^*f '-Anient is and interesting objects oht .""^^ °^ '"™"' ''"^ geological spedmet&'clc Thfc V'"""°P''^ ^'^-^• ing to the visitor tha 7t is telllT't T*"' '° '■"''■"^^'- takes his leave ^ '"^ ""^'"^^nce that he along the bank of the rT', to .r^ """ ~""'""^' Bridge. Standing at tt „1 '^ • "^T ^"P^"^'°" American Falls/so c ose thf \„r"^ °'^^ "-^ thrust out his hanH . ' "^^J"*' ^"e might almost as it rolls stt^rb;:VtvT:SadTef" "^'^^ magnificent view r.f r . j , , spread before us a Tabi RoiTe °^,i5r rtt^rs 't' new Suspension Bridge, the Aine^r Fairwi'th tt 126 AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, frowning rocks below and the Ferry to the Canada side. Cool, shady walks run in all directions through the Park, and rustic seats at intervals invite the visitor to linger here and gaze at the magnificent scenery. The Park Company have also erected a beautiful pavilion, where visitors can " trip the light fantastic toe " within sound of the roar of the great cataract. An elegant restaurant is also on the grounds, where they can regale the inner man when tired of sight-seeing. Then we may enter the Ferry House and descend the Incline Railway through a cut in the bank to the water's edge, a distance of 360 feet. The spiral stairs constructed here in 1825 having become shaky with age, the present novel but commodious contrivance was inaugurated in 1845. The flight of steps leading along the railway consists of 290 steps. The car is drawn up the inclined plane by water power, an overshot wheel being turned by a stream diverted from the river for that purpose. Around a wheel eight feet in diameter, which turns in a horizontal position at the head of the railway, runs a cable two and a half inches in diameter and 300 feet in length, attached to a car at either end, and supported by pulleys placed at convenient intervals down the grade. At the foot of the stairs, turning to the left, the Company has erected a commodious and substantial building, from which may be obtained, from the base of the descending torrent, one of the most magnificent views of the Falls, looked at through those wonderful clouds of rising spray, refracting the sun's rays in all the colors of the rainbow, and sparkling and shimmering in the light, like clouds of diamond dust. Then donning tarpaulin coats and hats, we may pass in behind the All-Ro,md Route and Panoramic Guide. , j; cataract and sec the wonders of the caves inrl !-,.!, . upon the waters a.s they ro,. over our LT The- >:; agitated waters, "pro. The ler the vZV' ""= great advantage Formerly the shades o ^ Z'h: the pleasures of the day to a close hnf ""^^^^^t entepse have ,e„,the„rd th! ^^ oren™,^ us. E^hteen electric hghts pour their brilliant ravl upon the scene, infusing the spray clouds with "oLous brilliancy beyond description. The Cnmriinn •!. stands out clear and distinct ind tL \"",'''^" '^'^^ wonderfully beautiful, weird and 111!:: "'"'^ '^^'^"^ '^ Prospect Park is certainly the spot which the traveler will visit first, and where he will linger lonirest nT should fail to visit the Part h„n. k j ^ """'^ Tl,„ • "-^'""e 'ark both by day and by night There ,s a fascination about this mighty ca afact' which seems to chain us to this snnt .„a v. '''"'"'"^' to leavp ;* A,., ■ P ' ''"'' when we seek to leave it draws us irresistibly back again Fven in describing it, however inadequately the task mav K accomplished, we are loth to lay down the pet a^d re ourselves away. The AlmiVhtv h, . ^^ with a power t'hat none^ln tfst a d'To "^^^^'^ upon it for the first time hT;' T ne^ ^ t° tlTe,: :wat:er;tri:r^ '" "'^" "'^^"•^■' '■" ''- -^ Proceeding- to the Fa Ik rM,.. f^ i • as possible, fo direct t:z^ r:^'^:::^ how to see it We w.Mi fu c ^"" It. We will, therefore, explain that the I / fiiii^i 1 28 Ail' Round Route and Panoramic Guide. larger cataract stretching froni shore to shore is the Canadian or Horseshoe Fall, whilst the smaller one is the American. The dimensions of the two Falls must necessarily be a matter of computation, anc they are estimated as follows. The American Fall, 900 feet across, with a drop of 164 feet. The Canadian Fall, 1,900 feet across, with a drop of 158 feet ; and it is stated by Professor Lyell that fifteen hundred millions of cubic feet of water pass over this fall every hour ! HORSESHOE FALL. The traveler in his first visit to the Falls ir apressed with a sense of inexpressible amazement. His emotions are nol unlike those of the votary of necromancy, who when once within the magic circle, trembles under the influence of the enchanter, even before he confronts the wizard himself. HORSESHOE FALL. Who can forget his first view of this grand and stupendous spectacle? The roaring is so tremendous that it would seem, that if all the lions that have ever nide. shore is the nailer one is Falls must nc; they are :h a drop of th a drop of 1 that fifteen ass over this if -xipressed lis emotions "nancy, whc 3 under the Dnfronts the grand and tremendous t have ever *; i a P IN C( All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 1 29 onf "t^n 'I"' t^ f °^"'^' ^""'"^ J°'" *heir voices in wh sper .n companson to the deep diapason of this most majest,c of all Nature's pipes or organ^ "'' The bndge which connects the mainland with Goat Is and ,s eagerly passed, and we explore the whole o th,s c^^^^^hich is rightly named, for ,t is found fantastic enough to suggest that goats only could find a comfort- able footing. The sublimity of the scene increases at every step ; but when we come upon the mighty Cataract, we gaze in THE K„.,os. speechless wonder. But words cannot describe the grandeur of this scene, noTthe emotron wh.ch it excites ; neither can the pencH any more than the pen, do it justice. The silent and "u picture wants the motion and the sound of tha stupendous rush of waters. It is impossible to paint the ever-nsmg column of spray that spires upward from the foammggulf below , he prismatic glo'ry thatch* t for there indeed has God forever " set his bow " in the cloud, and cold must be the heart that in such I scene remembers not His covenant. NEW SUSPENSIO.NT BRIDGE. The desirability of erecting a bridge nearer the falls, and lor carriage or foot passengers only, had long been spoken of, and finally, afte ,..ch trouble^ a^d peiseverance, charters were obtained from the State of New ^ork and the Province of Ontario, and work w-as commenced in ,867. Its cost ...s nearly $,,.00,000. I y 1 30 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. is located about 1,800 feet below the American Falls, en the American side, landing on the Canadian side, only S or 10 rods below the Clifton House. The towers on the Canadian side are 120 feet high, and on the American side 106 feet high. The span is 1,230 tect All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 1 3 1 from tower to tower. The height from the water to the floor of the bridge is 256 feet. There is a single track for carnages and space at one side for foot passengers. The bridge has at each side a strong railing five feet high. The estimated strength of the structure is over 150 tons, and as 10 or 15 tons is all that could well be placed on the bridge at one time by its ordinary traffic the greatest confidence prevails as to its stability It has now.passed through fourteen winters with its load of ice and frozen spray, so that it is no longer an experiment, bu a fixed fact, and full confidence has been established It stands as a great, lasting monument to J. T Bush who conceived the project, and carried it to a successful termination. The view from the centre of it is exceed- ingly fine ; suspended in mid-air-in full view of both the, American and Horseshoe Falls-the river above and below, with its beautiful banks from 150 to ^50 feet perpendicular, presents a view never before enjoyed by visitors to this wonderfully beautiful resort ./^•^Tl^" °^ '^'' "^''^^^ ^""g^ Goat Island and the side of Table Rock within easy walking distance. TABLE ROCK, From which such a grand view of the falls was obtained exists only in name, and in the interest which attaches to IS site. It was a truly magnificent crag, overhanging the fearful abyss, and it constituted one of the wonders of the place. Many accidents are recorded, from the temerity of tourists who ventured too near its margin It, however, fell in 1862, and had this accident occurred an hour or two eariier in the day, the Victoria Bridge, ^he Grand Trunk Railway, and many other Canadian "111 132 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide, ::■■; ■ \x TABLE ROCK — NIAGARA FALLS. '^^ Atl.Rcmd Route and Pamramic Guide. ,33 undertakings, might not l,ave been accomplished for a very short time previous to the disappearance of "he ^.ppery granite, there was standing upon it, viewin, the Falls, he engmeer of the Victoria Bridge and several of h,s^coJleagues in the enterprises that Le b^n men CAVE OF THE WINDS. A suitable building is Urt erect- ed for the accommodation of visitors wishing to pass under the centre Falls into the Cave of the Winds and this is a feat that all tourists should, if possible, perform. Oil- skm dresses, clean and dry, are supplied to visitors. For a small fee an experienced guide will ac- company parties under the sheet of ENTRANCE TO THE CAVE ^^^^^^' ^"^ describc fully all the OK THE WINDS. incidents connected with this local- ^mndlr' " ?' "'"'"•''' "'' " "" °^ inconceivable grandeur. Conversation is impossible, the mighty cataract asserting its right to alone be heard, as ^s thunders reverberate within the cave. PLACES OF INTEREST AT NIAGARA. Below the Brunswick House, we have the Railwav Suspension Bridge, Whirlpool Rapids, and Whirlpoof Opposite the American side : Prospect Pari. aJ • Falls^ Goat Island, American ^^^^^ Island, and Luna Island. Canada side: The Hoe. In i W hii^^^^^^^ '''-' '' '' ''' ^^^"^' ^-^'-^ Spring, 134 All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide, The illumination of the Falls by the electric light shows to better advantage from the Brunswick House than any other point on the Canadian side of the river. This is perhaps one of the grandest scenes in the world and the attraction par excellence to visitors from thu^ United States and Europe. From Prospect Park we pass over the New Suspension Bridge to the Canadian side. Here a road turns to the left from the end of the bridge, leading along the cliff past the Clifton and Brunswick Houses, and affording the most beautiful and sublime views of both Falls. We now come to Table Rock ; from this point the view of the Falls is incomparably grand. A little over a mile above the Falls, continuing our drive up the river road, we come to the most wonderful natural curiosity in the world, the famous Burning Spring. The waters of these Springs are highly charged with sulphuretted hydrogen gas, which, when ignited, emits a pale blue light", which burns with a brilliant flame. To heighten the effect, the phenomenon of the burning water is exhibited in a dark- ened room. Many fine improvements have been made at this spot during the past year, by erecting two hand- some suspension carriage bridges and three other truss bridges, and otherwise improving the walks and drives. We might write volumes about this beautiful point of interest, but we prefer to have our readers go and see for themselves. Suffice it to say our advice to tourists and pleasure travelers is: "Do r l leave Niagara until you have taken this, the most beautiful drive at the Falls,, through 'Cedar Island and Clark Hill Islands to the Burning Spring." During the past year it has been visited by many All-Roimd Route a A ^ 5^. Photographic Sdences Coipomtion 23 WEST MAir! STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. M580 (716) 872-4503 %^ <^ ^■"a.^ ^ 136 All-Raund Route and Panoramic Guide. m : • :'iv : ''•■'■ !, '•' most interesting spot about Niagara Falls. This delightful spot is visited by many thousands of people annually, on account cf the wild and magnificent grandeur of its scenery. The river here turns abruptly to the right, forming an elbow, and as the waters rush against the opposite banks, a whirlpool is formed, on which logs, and often bodies, have been known to float many days. The river in the centre is estimated by the engineers to be eleven feet and a half higher than on each shore, and the visitor often wonders how the " Maid of the Mist " ever passed down here and lived. There is no perpendicular fall, or external outlet at the whirlpool. The distance across it is one thousand feet ; perpendicular height of the banks, three hundred and fifty feet. Here they have a magnificent Double Elevator, worked by a water-wheel some two hundred and fifty feet below the top of the bank, which enables the visitor to reach the water's edge without fatigue. Here bursts upon the view one of the most beautiful and sublime sights to be seen in the world. Through a narrow gorge rush, in their tumultuous and maddening course, all the waters of the great Upper Lakes. The immense under-current forces the water in the (ientre thirty or forty feet higher than at the edges. The ever-varying changes the waters constantly undergo are indescribably beautiful and fascinating. One is never tired of gazing at this wondrous scene. The surrounding scenery is in keeping with the raging stream. It is a solemnifying prospect, and few can gaze upon it without feeling that they have attained to a higher conception of the awful power and might of the Eternal. The rocky banks of the river, plainly showing AU-Round Route mid Pamramic Guide. 1 37 the different strata, exhibit the wonderful handiwork of nature. From this point the finest view of the Railway Suspension Bndge can be obtained. To look at thk beautiful structure from the water's edge, at this poin one could almost believe the fairies built it It was nea; h,s spot that Blondin crossed the gorge on a rope wUh a man on h.s back. No visitor should leave Niagara -thout visiting this delightful and romantic s^Jt Words eemmt express the grander of this scene; it is Works. Reader, you have not seen Niagara until ..ou annually vis.tmg the Whirlpool Rapids, on the Amencan side, none have gone away dissatisfied, but all are more than ever impressed with the tremendous magmficence of Niagara. While the view from the Canad,ans.de may be said to supply the general out- hnes of the picture, that from the American reveals it in all Its completeness. "MAID OF THE MIST." It is now a matter of history how this tiny steamer wh,ch conveyed tourists under the spray of the great sS b" ^'" ^"r"'""^ ^''^^ t'he'hands ofThe shenff, by passmg through the whirlpool. th. .^'f '"'■ ";°°""g^.«''out a quarter of a mile above the old Suspension Bridge, June ,5, ,86,, and sprang boldly out mto the river, to try one of the most perilou! voyages ever made. She shot forward like an arrow of hght, bowed gracefully to the multitude on the Bridge and w.tht„e velocity of lightning passed on her courL' Many beheld this hazardous adventure, expecting eve,^ '*>.^^'^l' 138 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. instant she would be dashed to pieces and disappear forever. Amazement thrilled every heart, and it appeared as if no power could save her. " There ! there ! " was the suppressed exclamation that escaped the lips of all. "She careens over! she \s lost ! she is lost!" But, guided by an eye that dimmed not, and a hand that •* MAID OF THE MIST ' ' GOING THROUGH THE WHIRLPOOL RAPIDS (AMERICAN SIDE.) never trembled, she was piloted through those maddened waters by the intrepid Robinson, in perfect safety, and subsequently performed less hazardous voyages on the St. Lawrence. On this trip there were but three men on board, the pilot, engineer and fireman. isappear ippeared was the ; of all. '" But, md that 3L laddened 'ety, and s on the card, the All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 1 39 She is the only craft, so far as is known, that ever made this fearful trip, and lived. Though the pilot had performed many hazardous exploits in saving the lives of persons who had fallen into the river, yet this last act in taking the " Maid of the Mist " through the whirlpool IS the chmax of all his adventures. THE devil's hole Is a large triangular chasm in the bank of the river three and a half miles below the falls. The Bloody Run' a ravme so called from a sanguinary engagement between two hostile Indian tribes, falls into this chasm THE WHIRLPOOL. Another very attractive point of interest which the tourist will wish to visit is the . WHIRLPOOL RAPIDS PARK.— (CANADIAN SIDE.) This new and attractive resort (always in the shade after noon) is situated on the Canadian side of the Niagara River Rapids, one minute's walk north of the Railroad Suspension Bridge, and is reached by a double hydraulic gravitating elevator running down to the water's edge. From thence, picturesque, shady and level walks wind along the edge of the mighty rapids, passing "let 140 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. a superb fountain throwing up spray to the height of one hundred feet, across a rustic bridge, beneath which rushes a beautiful cascade, making three distinct leaps from the cliffs over two hundred feet above the river. At the grandest point of the rapids a rustic platform has been constructed, projecting forty feet over the wildest part of the river, affording the most sublime view of these wonderful rapids. Beneath this platform is the Boiling Well which bubbles up with mighty impetuosity, bidding defiance to the raging rapids. Landed at the edge of the Grand Rapids below, the visitor finds himself in the midst of a scene of wild grandeur which is almost indescribable. For nearly 250 feet the cliffs rise in a nearly perpendicular line. Above them and across the gorge stretches the mighty Suspension Bridge, the passing trains looking like play- things in the distance. Beyond and through the frame- work of dark green formed by the overhanging trees, Niagara rushes ceaselessly, obscured at times by the clouds of white mist that ascend to the sky, and for the very obscurity all the more grandly beautiful. Dashing, roaring, whirling on through the narrow passes, beating its way against the rocks that for ages have borne up against the shock, comes the accumulation of waters. Rising higher and higher as they flow onward, crying out almost in agony for more room to move, they are still hemmed in by the silent, awful cliffs. Dashing onward, driven forward by the never-ending flow from behind, they reach the most contracted part of the channel. Here for a moment it seems almost as if the mighty volume paused, unable to struggle further, and then, with renewed effort, impelled by some all-powerful AU-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide. 14 j ' 'r'r'rf'it":' "..'"'" "" ■'" °"^ ^-^ -'-e or 20, 30, J 5 feet into the a r, and with a nn;«r. ^r ^i, ^ bu.. th.o„,h the .>o„ ;oc.s thit Lrrco :et and bo„^g, ,„, ,,„g. bubbling into crystal foam, at at It finds , s way ,nto the calm green channel beyond the pom"- T '* '■' --^-bered that the river "uhi pomt IS only 300 feet wide, that the Fall, of M present a front of one and a quarter J^.^^TZ flow of water over them averages four feet deep i wm to aTeXft trr - rr ^^ Fans can the visitor obtai°n sTgoof an" d^ o t^r^ volume of water that forces its way through Nia'ra R.ver, and consequently the Whirlpool Rapids Park hit a once taken front rank as a point of inter t U ■should be Visited by every one who goes to Niagara THE THREE SISTERS. the"'::: :7 ^ rJd "xr '^'-^ ^■•'^^ "^ '"- -- the island fromthS. Mr JollTtT' "" '"""' '" Mr All^n in tu ■* • ^ot'inson rescued a startfd iust bef """"7 °' "*'• ^'•- A"™, h-ing started ust before sun-down for Chippewa, (a villaef three m.les up the river on the Canada side) had 1 misfortune to break one of his oars in the mTdst of h xic rans. As his only hope of safetv he Ia?d k";". ■!'' ""^'"'"^ <^^^ ^- *<= head of 'coa Island but, fa.hng to stnKe that he was bearing swiftlv was certain doom, he sprang for the land, and reached it Ill 142 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, with but little injury. Having matches in his pocket, he struck a signal light at the head of this island, but it was not seen until morning. Mr. Robinson rescued him by means of a boat and cable. The first of the sisterhood, or the island nearest you, is called Moss Island. That feathery show of a cataract between yourself and Moss Island is called the Hermit's Cascade, from its having been the usual bathing place of Francis Abbot, the Hermit of Niagara. THE HERMIT OF THE FALLS. As we think it will be interesting, we shall relate the story of this strange person. About twenty-five years ago, in the glow of early summer, a young stranger of pleasing countenance and person made his appearance at Niagara. It was at first conjectured that he was an artist, a large portfolio, with books and musical instruments, being among his baggage. He was deeply impressed with the majesty and sublimity of the Cataract and the surrounding scenery, and expressed an intention to remain a week, that he might survey them at his leisure. But the fascination which all minds of sensibility feel when in the presence of that glorious work of the Creator grew strongly upon him, and he was heard to say that six weeks were insufficient t^ become acquainted with its beauties. At the end of that period he was still unable to tear himself away, and desired to "build there a tabernacle," that he might indulge in his love of solitary musing and admire at leisure the sublimity of nature. He applied for a spot on the Three Sisters Island on which to erect a cottage after a model of his own ; one of the peculiarities of which AU-Romid Route and Panoramic Guide. ,43 was a drawbridge to ensure isolation. Circumstances residence in an old liouse on Iris Island, which he enderedas comfortable as the state of the ' case wouW admit Here he remained about eighteen months, when the intrusion of a family interrupted his habits of lltZZTtZT'l- "^■'"-'■"'etlywithdrtU ProTpec Poiir w;' ''^".'^°"""°'"°- habitation near wUl, T '" "'"'"■ '^"'^' a -cheerful fire of wood b a.ed upon the hearth, and he beguiled the lone hours of evening with reading and music. It was Strang! to hear in such solitude the long-drawn thrilling notes of the violin, or the softer melody of the flute at- out so 1 ghtly am.d the rush and thunder of the never lumbering torrent. Though the worid of lettL wa Ind th V ''f V'"'" "''^'^ ''°* '" '''' "ative Europe Lfold ? ' ' '°"^''' "°' ^"°^'^'-" -* mankind to unfold or to increase his store of knowledge. Tho e who had occasionally conversed with him fp'ke ^ ^ual surprise and admiration of his colloquial powers his command of language, and his fervid eloquence but" • he seldom and sparingly admitted this inte course stud.ously avoiding society, though there seemedTn h s' nau,e nothing of misanthropy or moroseness ; on the animT'Bi'd °"'' ''"'""' '° ^-" '"^ ""mbS ammal. Birds instinctively learned this amiable trait in his character, and freely entered his dwelling, to cei^e from his hands crumbs or seeds. But the absorbing delight of his solitary residence was communion with Niagara. Here he might be" e„ at m 144 All-Rotind Route and Panoramic Guide. ' ! If-.' :'tt ' 3l •■ ' ' ' ' ■;■", ' . 'M-- ;• \\,f, v ! V--?r ■'';-1 ?':i ^ ■ i i '^i^-RouHd Route and Panoramic Guide. 145 every hour of the day or mVhf . c At tl,c gray dawn he L„t ^^^Z 'Tf^^^'- at noon, he bancueted in th! ^ '^ , If" t! Jl"' ' at solemn mkhiight he knelf nf ,\ ^ ^"^ '^ ' ^"^^ Neither the storms of 7. ^ "'""^^ ^h'"'"^. Terraoin KWH k "'"^' ="" <;xtension of the this bea. He often passed'an'd r^p dTnTe'd T' of n ght. He even t..^i. 1 H'^-^-^ea m the darkness an^rt^he'^e^H^riTr-^'^ -■^'•\ ^"" - Ll gratifications, was that ofZh- °u^ *"' '"^'"""'^ daily. °'^ ''^"''"S. ■" which he indulged On a bright but rather chilly day in the month of June ^t^jJ, a man employed ahnnf fV. r , j^mt, the water, and fo'r a'long ."^e ,f er^b "".''" ^° '"'" to be still lying upontL b^nk T, '""'■^<^'°'''^-^ taken his last bith l^ ^^ ^'^' ^""'"^'^ had have beenrdu: -by' hrchn^fr T 'T'' ""''' water. Still the boL ^ atmosphere, or the force of th curren' be, K " '°""'' ""= "^P'^ and the course of Z-'seath"' th:""^ ''";""^'^ ^^^^'^ ^" pool. There am d Z t r '"''"'' °" *° "'^ Whirl- making fearful a^drfr '"^ ''''"^' ^^'^ *<= "ody, black latet At so'm '^""°"; "P""" "^^ ^^^ °' "- plunged a^d dtp ^''^'^l: ^f " ' '"''"'' j^ i-F drca. agam emergmg, it was 146 A II- Round Rmite and Panoramic Guide. ii pill |r i4; fearful to sec it leap half its length above the flood, then float motionless as if exhausted, and anon spring upward and seem to struggle like a maniac battling with a mortal foe. For days and nights this terrible scene was prolonged. It was not until the 21st of June, that after many efforts they were able to recover the body and bear it to his desolate cottage. There they found his faithful dog guarding the door. Heavily had the long period worn away while he watched for his only friend, and wondered why he delayed his coming. He scrutinized the approaching group suspiciously, and would not willingly have given them admittance. A stifled wail at length showed his intuitive knowledge of his master, whom the work of death had effectually disguised from the eyes of man. On the pillow was his pet kitten, and in different parts of rhe room were his guitar, flute, violin, portfolio and books scattered, "the books open as if recently used. It was a touching sight ; the hermit mourned by his humble retainers, the poor animals that loved him, and the body ready to be laid by strange hands in a foreign grave. The motives that led this singular and accomplished being, learned in the languages, in the arts and sciences, improved by extensive travel, and gifted with personal beauty and a feeling heart, to seclude himself in the flower of youth from human society, are still enveloped in mystery. All that is known is that his name was Francis Abbott, that he was a native of England, where his father was a clergyman, and that he received from thence ample remittances for his comfort. These facts had been previously ascertained, but no written papers were found in his cell to throw additional light upon the 'niKTIIkKKsrSTKRimiDCiKS each other and from ctrn'': *' ''"''™' ^'^'"^ f™'" grand views of th^ R ° ', ^'''"'^1 P^^^^"«"g "ew and any other poin^ht'f "1 ^"^' ""^""^"'^'^ f™- and beauty Thev .,., u u ''^^'^ ^"''''"^ ^'^^ngth ■>. h'gher .^ thl'S S'a X"'^"!!^ T^^' ''- to their strength. "^ *"''' ">"' adding a.o fastened int:r:;r,::ir;r"-^^t' ^--^ r construction of the railing ,hh u ^^^ P^'^""'"' -nd beauty. A fourttlnd or""". '° ""'^ ^'""^^ While the bridge, were Sg XT';. H trV also been thrown Fmm fi, u , ' ^ ^''^8^^ ^as -y be seen one"" co^Touf Ca^e I S„?^ 1^'^^ as far as the eve mn . u ^ "^^"^ ^'^ ^all, extending the Canada Tore v"t;r ^"' '^'^"^ -™- '° ^^^^. Fro. tV^alrNilgarrr'^^^^"" tHey areoJof the^ rnTf;r Hf Nia^a?' ^^ or)^rpi:::rr:tiS°-----e!;h^ the sky." As thev n?= ?! '"'' '"^"^ted, against lil I i . .-t' V. ' . -. A ,f' m' B K III - 1 148 All-Rouyid Route and Panoramic Guide. the veq;e, resignation ;.eems to come over them, and in apparent calmness they accept their fate, and in an instant pass beyond our view. It is now nearly 200 years since the eye of the Euro- pean first saw these v^onderful rapids and falls. Father Hennepin, in 1678, was conducted by the Indians to this spot, and there beheld the " wonder of the world." For ages before his visit, and for nearly two centuries since, the mighty river has continued to flow in " floods so grand and inexhaustible, as to be utterly unconscious of the loss of the hundred millions of tons, which they pour every hour over the stupendous precipice." " Still do these waters roll, and leap, and roar, and " tumble all day long ; still are the rainbows spanning " them a hundred feet below. Still, when the sun is on " them, do they shine and glow like molten gold. Still, " when the day is gloomy, do they fall like snow, or seem •* to crumble away like the front of a great chalk cliff, or " roll down the rock like dense white smoke. But always " does the mighty stream appear :o die as it comes down, " and always from the unfathomable grave arises that " tremendous ghost of spra> and mist v/hich is never " laid, which has haunted this place with the samfe dread " solemnity since darkness brooded on the deep, and that " first flood before the deluge— Light— came rushing on " creation at the Word of God." Luna Island is beautifully placed just in the very curve of the fall. This island, as it appears in its summer as well as its winter dress, is graphically described in " Pictur-sque Amenca/' from which we quote as follows : " It is pleasant jnough in summer, for it has evergreens, trees, and bushes, grasses and wild flowers in abundance,' luide, them, and in \ and in an of the Euro- falls. Father ndians to this world." For nturies since, 1 " floods so nconscious of which they ice." nd roar, and ws spanning^ he sun is on gold. Still, now, or seem :halk cliff, or . But always comes down, : arises that lich is never : samfe dread iep, and that : rushing on in the very 1 its summer described in i as follows : evergreens, abundance^ An.Rou,ul Route and Pamramic Guide. ^49 there is a moon a fin/l u "'^^^ ^^"^^' "^^^ bHd.e that cZ:Jz^o::iLr^ r- ^-^ name. But the frr-pi- o-i^ ^"^^siand, and hence its winter, when a. th" g£ L° L " '''T' '" '" '"^ spray. The grasses arfno '""""''^ *'■"• ''™^«" -chparticuIa'rbradeTreaSin'"""'^!" '"'''' ""' "londs, and flashes rad.W. . ^^^^'"'^ "^ <^'^- Kvery tree, ^c^^^!^ ^' :::!Z'^r''-- a fine coating J^^^^ "^^ -e-d with boughs and branches are hi; .i. '' "^'""'^ ""e twigs, and gives Lth:S*i^-!^7.'°t^"P- the ■-esemble the uncouth joi^ tL c:"us T '"^"^ evergreens the snrpxr k1- . cactus. In some Partfc.es. for^sl ^p, ^ ^1 !"^ '"' °'^^^-"°- the twigs and the n^sShe Lncht^ '^T'l °' to the verge of the fail , , "^"^^- -^hose close da-ling hel of colkc! h7 '^"' '° ^"'P'^'^'y ^"h often gL way n1 K ??"'P'''^*^"''^''^^n*es hashing ao::Vcru:s„;trn^''Se'^^^^ rr about it inltousan/vr-''''^''^'''^^'^'"--'^ down from the verg a„d T^.^P"- ^^^ ^ P^^^P tlie smoke of the wat'erfaH ^ " °^ "'^ ""''' ='"<^ the ice. It stre^hlf ,„ • T' ^ '""""■°" ^"'^'^ to the bottom of 1 fa, , " r' 'r'"""^ '■-'" "- top to ^s one reads of ? the f f ' ' °"""'" '^ ''°''"^d. such alabaster and m'rS d t d '""I °' "^ ^^^^' ""- ' J^d^ -nd porphyry, are carried to r f ' i 150 All-Round Route and Pafwramic Guide, the skies in the tremendous palaces of pre-Adaniite kings. The frozen spray, descending upon these, covers them with a delicate tracery of flowers and ferns, and even of resemblance to human heads, which is a beautiful and strange sight. "In winter time we may not descend on the American side; but, if we might, surely we should discern the most wondrous ice configurations along the verge of the pathway. The descent can be made at this time under the Table Rock ; and the visitor passes from the stair- ways into a defile of the kind that Dante dreamed of in his frozen Bolgia. Along the side of the rock walls are rows of stalactites, about the size of the human body, to which all of them bear a quaint resemblance. Upon the other side, massed along the verge of the bank, are ice heaps that mount up fifty feet into the troubled air^ some of them partially columnar in shape, but the majority looking like coils of enormous serpents that have been changed by the rod of the enchanter into sullen ice. " It must be remembered that, if winter gives much,, it also takes away much. If it covers the trees and the grass with diamonds, and heaps up ice-serpents, and builds colonnades and spires and obelisks, it takes away a great part of the volume of the water, for the thousand rills that feed the great lakes have been rent from the hills by the fierc- hand of the frost giant, and clank around his waist as a girdle. Those who love color and"light, and majesty of sound, will do well to come in the summer ; those who like the strange, the fantastic, and the fearful, must come in the winter. But the true lover of the picturesque in Nature, will come at All-Round Route a,ui Panoramic Guide. , j , both times. Each has its special charm- each h« some thing which the other lacks • but il tl features of transcendent beauty ' '" ""^ ^'' We shall now conduct our tourist to one soot on th. mLl^e L r I [ "^"'^" "°"''' ^''"°«' ^eem too d^cnbe .t As we gaze we realize to some slight extent the tremendous power of the fall as well as fts hetlt A celebrated English visitor at this spot ex^Lest^' admiration m the following terms • " I n„, ^ !^^ '"^ first Sight of that wondrfur:^io„ iZI TfLZ P^nmagefrom England to see. I have since Can opportumty of making it a study, and my convictbn fe that .f there ,s anything in the world which defies a once description and analysis, and which excit^ fn the beholder by turns, ideas of grandeur, beauty termor power, sublimity, it is exoressed ;- .u / ' Niagara T 1,, expressed .., that one word— iMiagara. I have seen t n the most r,f it. asoects I I,,,,. J °' ''^ summer aspec s. I have gazed upon the marvellous panorama rom the rapids above, to the whirlpool below Tw beL d:r d Xits'sp tr \t ': '-T'-' fu u .1 , spray, i have dreamed over h through the hot afternoon, and have heard it thunder iL In trrt"; '^i "■■^'''- °" *" *^ "^^^diands, izz all the .slands, I have stood entranced and wondering" if„;;ii| kiii '^: 5 I 152 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, while the mist has shrouded it, and while the sun has broken it into rainbows. J have seen it fleecy as the snowflake ; deepening into the brightest emerald ; dark and leaden as the angriest November sky, — but in all its moods there is instruction, solemnity, delight, Stable in its perpetual instability ; changeless in its everlasting change ; a thing to be * pondered in the heart,' like the revelation to the meek Virgin of old ; with no pride in the brilliant hues that are woven in its eternal loom ; with no haste in the majestic roll of its waters ; with no weariness in its endless psalm — it remains through the eventful years an embodiment of unconscious power, a living inspiration of thought, and poetry, and worship, — a magnificent apocalypse of God." TO DETROIT AND CHICAGO. VIA HAMILTON, PARIS AND LONDON, BY THE GREAT WESTERN DIVISION G. T. R. AND MICHIGAN CENTRAL RAILWAYS. p in all likelihood many of our tourists who have never visited these large Western cities, may desire whilst at Niagara to take a run — even if only for a brief period — to the principal business localities in the Western States, we have thought it desirable to refer to them as they will amply compensate for any time spent in visiting them, and really ought to be seen by all those who consider themselves travelers. A few hours ride over the Great Western Division, from Suspension bridge, through a pleasant country around Thorold, the crossing point of the great Welland Ship Canal recently deepened, and we come to St. Catharines, with a population of 11,000, pleasantly situated, frequented as a place of resort for invalids, from Canada rt' f DIVISION Atl-Rmmd Route and Pamramic Guide. 153 and the United State., and noted for its mineral springs of much efficacy. Thence passing Grimsby, situated near the shore of LaWp nf.t„..„ • '^"■"cu beautiful °' "'^ '"■"■'° ^' *« CITY OF HAMILTON. .|HIS city was laid out and settled in 1813. It is built on a plateau of slightly elevated ground wmdmg around the foot of a hilly range which extends from Niagara Falls, and which he^e receives tht C.TV OK .UM.LTON. snoWiNO r„K COKE ON KINrs™^;:: name of "The Mountain." Th* streets are wide and for the most part cros. each other at right anglT Kin^ Sth':f7T' 'T^'^^^'^' ^-fhrougSeent breadth of the city. Near the centre of this street is a .s Market Square, on which stands the snacious public buUdmg used as civic offices and a mark.^ Th" banks and many of the churches are handsome structures and m mi m 1 54 All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide, on the rising ground approaching the mountain are many elegant residences. The city contains about 25 churches several banks, a (Wesleyan) Female College, and a large number of manufactories. Hamilton was the headquarters of the Great Western Railway o^ Canada, and here the general offices, engine shops and workshops are located. The population of the city is about 27,000, and the city is 43 miles from Suspension Bridge and 1 87 miles east from Detroit. At Hamilton, connection is made for Toronto and all the eastern Canadian cities, via the Toronto Branch of the Great Western Division of G. T. Railway; and thence by the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company's Steamers ;for Montreal and all points east. Continuing our journey we pass west from Hamilton seven miles, to Dundas, with many manufactures and very fine scenery. From here the country through which the train passes is tinimportant, until arriving at Harrisburg, where connections are made northward by the Grand Trunk Railroad to Berlin, Guelph and to Paris, which is a thriving town with important water power and manufactories of various kinds. Here connections are made north-westward to Goderich and Lake Hurbn ; south-eastward to Bufifalo, by Goderich branch of the Grand Trunk Railroad. Travelling forty-seven miles west from Paris, through a fine agricultural district, in which the scenery is pleasantly diversified, we reach the CITY OF LONDON, One hundred and nineteen miles west from Suspension Bridge, and one hundred and ten miles east of Detroit, with a population of 30,000. It is situated in the midst AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. ,55 of the finest agricultural region of Canada, and is favor ' aby known for its White Sulphur Sp ings and it: extensive n,anufactures. The stLts and „f:ny of the publ,c bu,ld.ngs, are called by the same names as those BrE lead ^'"''' '"' ^«^'""-'- and Blackfriars itadges lead us across its narrow line. The public bu,ld,ngs are very fine, and its numerous church^ are choice m architectural design. yea^rrwhlh*"' """" k™"^ ""' improvements of late years which are worthy of notice, especially the new water works located about five miles below the cUy o^ I sutssfu?;T' ""'. *' "^" ^^^ ^'""P-y- "Wch I on a successful footmg, the city being now lighted with gas ward t! ^rr""''"' '""'"^^ connections :-North- ward to St. Marys, via the Grand Trunk Railroad • southward to Port Stanlfv ,.n i ,1, t:- ■ "^^''^ad , Petrolia YOil-Centrerand P . « "' ^'''"^''* "^ the St. cU sriri Hur ' " *^ ^"'^^-^ °^ the^SVwi:ds:r'°a:f ! r" "^'"^ '"^ '°-'^'- Citv of n.f !; '"'"°'' *"<' a few mmutes more to the where difetr' °" '^' °PP°""^ ^'"^ °' ^^^^ St. Clair, where direct connections are made for the West North and North-West, and all points in Michigan. CITY OF DETROIT. |ETROIT is one of the oldest cities on the contment, having been founded as a French Missionary Station in 1670. The city, which is known [as the "Oty of the Straits," extends'^^long the Detroit River for about 3 miles, and is built up Lut I!" I J I III 'i 156 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 2]/^ miles from the water. The streets are wide and beautifully shaded by trees* The churches are numerous, and in many instances very beautiful; the private residences are surrounded by spacious grounds, tastefully ornamented, and the stores and public buildings are metropolitan in size and appearance. The principal buildings worthy a visit are the Custom House and Post Office on Griswold street. The Board of Trade Building and the Michigan Central Freight Depot should by all means be seen. It is of immense size and costly construction, 1,250 feet long and 102 wide, covered by a self-supporting iron roof. Here is also located the great Locomotive Round House, also large Grain Elevators. The new Opera House is like- wise worthy of inspection. The most notable churches are St. Pauls (Episcopal), with the peculiarity of having a roof without columns ; Christ, St. John's and Grace, all of the same denomination ; Fort Street Presbyterian ; Central Methodist (Episcopal) ; St. Paul (Catholic) ; St. Anne's (Catholic), with very fine choir, etc. Detroit has also elaborate water-works, as well as large manufactur- ing and shipping interests in grain and provisions, etc. Detroit is alv/ays a pleasant place to visit. In summer pleasure excursions are a daily occurrence, and the beautiful river affords ample opportunity for the members of the Detroit " River Navy," with its fleet of a couple of hundred yachts, to exercise before the gaze of assembled thousands on the shore, who gather to witness the grand "Reviews" each season. We would advise the tourist -O visit the pretty Cemetery and the outskirts of the city, which in all directions are very fine, and will well repay a drive, or a long " constitutional." le and is are Lil; the rounds, public I. The House )ard of Freight nmense ad 102 Here is ise, also is like- hurches having Grace, terian ; ic) ; St. roit has ufactur- )ns, etc. mmmer nd the lembers I couple ^aze of witness 1 advise (utskirts ne, and itional." •■ i o o < 1 i K « •< ! u ■ •" ;i ^ 'i o j IM >s « : W j > ! 1-^ M 0$ jli ^ •< i4 O fH- CC S: O u S<; u S' If k3 is ■<; ^ »-♦ u N^ ^S « O ta hi, i^ ;:i:i»r '"iiHI 158 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. DETROIT TO CHICAGO. JEAVING Detroit, we proceed to visit Chicago, the "New York of the West." Most of our pleasure-seekers may have already visited the Lion City, but to those who have not made the journey within the last few years, we would advise them by all means to extend their absence from home for at least a few days, and go and see the march of progress being made by our western friends. Taking the splendidly equipped train of the Michigan Central Railway from the Union Depot at Detroit, and after ten hours of as comfortable traveling, over one of the finest road-beds, with well ballasted track, laid with steel rails, a;s can be obtained on the continent, you will find yourself in Chicago. Leaving Detroit by this popular route the train passes through the suburbs of this beautiful city for a distance of three miles to Grand Trunk Junction, where connections are made with the Grand Trunk, and Detroit branch of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railways. Seven miles west we pass Dear- born, where the Detroit Arsenal is situated near Rough River. The next place f f importance to the traveler is Ypsilante, thirty miles west from Detroit, which is a beautiful town of Michigan, having a population of 5,500; here is located the State Normal School. All-Rmmd Route and Panoramic Guide. 1 59 Passing along the Huron River for a distance of eigl,t m,les we amve at Ann Arbor, whieh is a ve.y large and handsome town of 8,500 inhabitants, finely situa^d on an elevated plateau, with beautiful shrubbery and many handsome buildings; the Universitv of U^Zi located here and is an institution of wide influen f'ith vaned course of study; it contains a very fi"e observatory, as well as other attractive features. W- mg this enterpnsmg town we continue our journey west- ward, and passing through a very fine agricultural selt on of country we find the broad acres of Michigan arrtst fa™? antfThe' dt ''""'^ ""'"^^ ^"' '""^'^ -'''^^ arms, all of the d.iTerent towns and villages throueh wh.ch we pass are growing fast both i^„ size aid .nfluence, and the evidences of industry and thrift are v^b e on every hand. Having traveled 38 m les wi^ om i^nicago. Jackson has a population of .6000, and is a thriving and very enterpnig city" s ides of" h'e r"' H i"'"" ^°""'^' ^"-''^ - "'h sides of the Grand R.ver, at an elevation of 440 feet above Lake Michigan, and has many manufacturTwkh an .mportant coal trade from the mines in the mm«jT^e neighborhood. Jackson' has also very extensivT" Hwav connections ; it is the southern terminus of the SaJ Iw Division of the Michigan Central Railway and X south-eastern terminus of the Grand Rapids Div'sl of the Michigan Central Railway: it is also the e^Ln junction of the Air Line Division with the main lof Fort Wa"v rt " r" ^^ "'^ "°^"'-" '-""' o ^r 1'^;''^'''''°"^ Saginaw R.R.; and the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway from Adrian make l6o Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, •: '■« •M . :;;l Si! 111 I I I i |il * )i J}'i^\ ) W-'I connections at this point. Leavinpf Jackson, 20 miles distant, is Albion with a population of 3,000 ; here the Albion College is located. Twelve miles west of Albion we arrive at Marshall, where the trains both east and west remain twenty minutes for refreshments — the meals first class in every respect. Marshall has a population of 3,806, where are located the extensive repair shops of the Company ; it also has large paper manufactories. Resuming our journey for thirteen miles we arrive at Battle Creek, an extensive manufacturing town with a population of 7,500; the extensive flour mills here located are worthy of special notice by the traveller ; here is to be seen one of the finest water powers in the State* From Battle Creek west, for a distance of 23 miles, the Michigan Central Railway passes through the very garden of the State, where are to be seen some of the finest farms, with their golden fields of grain presenting to the traveller a beautiful picture, until arriving at Kalamazoo, which is one of the largest towns in the State, with much shaded beauty, and with many very handsome residences, and is the seat of a Baptist College and the State Insane Asylum — one of the best managed institutions of its kind in the country. Kalamazoo is a very thriving manufacturing artd commercial town, with a population of 1 1,93 7, and is 144 miles west from Detroit and 140 east from Chicago, with extensive railway con- nections, north-west to Grand Haven and Lake Michigan, also to Grand Rapids ; south-eastward to Fort Wayne, and from Kalamazoo by Lawton (with extensive iron works) we arrive at Niles, 47 miies from Kalamazoo, 191 miles horn Detroit, 93 from Chicago, with a population of 5,cc:k Nile > is a town of con- AU.Rb„»4 Route and Panoramic Guide. , 6 , on the b Joseph R.ver; it is the western junction ol c nts^'ri:"^:""""'^"" ^^"'^'" '^^'"way. whic nor: :^^.T^ijj- ^^^ 4.U Ti/r- 1 . oouin tJend Division ni the M.ch,gan Central. Niles is also the Lst important town in Herrien Countv r \- journey ,ti„ t,..™,h . beautifu.rln of tt^^U"; m,les, we reach Ne.- Buffalo, which is the wes.e n terlru « the Ch,cn,„ and West Michigan Railway ; at tW pi alltra„,so/ the Michigan Central Railwa; make cCe connecfons forall points on the eastern sho^eof Uke Michigan. New Buffalo is a modern town of ,,450 , out ^'ty, 228 miles from Detroit and 56 from ChicaL A balT'r'i"" "^ "^""^ "'* "^^ LouisviHe New Albany & Chicago, also the Indianapolis, P^u I ^xtreme southern point of Lake Michigan ; it is the Frrn's Fro^ ^ '^ °"' °^ *^ '^° '"^iana State iou nev to rT- 'T'"'''" ^'^*'°" '^^ fasten on our journey to Chicago, by the town of Lake ,. m;i distant from Michigan City; this is the etSn tLt: ^ line .0 Johet; 2, miles west from here lie, l:m.trcrarTrir^ •^'"' '^^ -- though a fine -ion r^nt';?^^ Sg'^aS ar S r J lTd*^ ^""""^ °^ chicago,'„Lr:: nve in the Union Depot at the foot of Lake street where direct connections are made in the same deS for a 1 points west, east, north and north-west, south a'nd [62 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. ,t f. ' south-west. The distance traveled between Detroit and Chicago by the Michigan Central Railway, has been 284 miles. We now call ^he tourist's attention to the most enterprising ciiy in America, and we shall in the following pages briefly endeavor to describe to our readers CHICAGO AS IT WAS, AND AS IT IS. ^^HICAGO is in many respects one of the most spectacular cities in America ; its magnificence is all the more striking because it is so young in years, so far in the interior, and has passed through an ordeal of fire which would have ruined any other city forever. It is only strict truth to say that the " Queen of the Lakes" is more beautiful and splendid to-day than she was at the time of the great conflagration of 1871. The first permanent settlement was made on the site of Chicago in 1804, during which year Fort Dearborn was built. This was abandoned in 18 12, and finally demolished in 1856. The town was first organized in 1833, and incorporated as a city in 1837. At the first official census, taken in 1837, the entire population was set down at 4170. The population by the census of 188 1 is 503,304 Its growth has been marvellous during this brief interval, but it was temporarily checked by the tremendous fire which occurred on the night of October 8th, 1 87 1. The whole area burned over, including streets, wasViearly three and a third square miles. The number of buildings destroyed was 17,450; persons rendered homeless, 98,500; persons killed, about 200. Not in- cluding depreciation of property and loss of business, it ie. )etroit and ,s been 284 o the most ill in the ibe to our IT IS. r the most jnificence is o young in through an ' other city the " Queen idid to-day lagration of on the site t Dearborn and finally t organized At the first )ulation was le census of :llous during eked by the t of October iding streets. The number ns rendered )0. Not in- f business, it II i||S'i'i '• : ■■ vm;. svt 164 All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide, is estimated that the total loss occasioned by the fire was $190,000,000, of which about $40,000,000 was recovered on insurance, though one of the chief results of the fire THE GREAT CHICAGO MASSACRE. was to bankrupt many of the insurance companies, all over the country. The business of the city was interrupted but a short time, however. In the course of a few weeks .■..>i-'^:fi All. Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 165 many merchants had resumed trade in temporary wooden buildmgs. Within one year after the catastrophe a large part of the burnt district had been rebuilt, and at present no trace remains, except the improved architectural If B 1 66 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. appearance of the city. Two years later, in July, 1874, another great fire took place in an adjoining section- ^':>^■ ^! i Eighteen blocks, or sixty acres, and about $4,000,000 worth of property were destroyed. Chicago is situated de. July, 1874, ng section* I-- H CO 4 o < O •A $4,000,000 is situated 10. r -i J ' A' M'l .'■'^U. :&'':-V,-^ 1 68 Ali-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide. on the Western shore of Lake Michigan, at the mcuth of the Chicago and Calumet rivers ; by means of the former, All-Rmmd Route and Pamramic Guide. 169 and the Illinoi., and Michigan canal, it has continuous commun,cat.on with the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico on the South and West ; and by the chain of he Great Lakes with the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Ocean on the East. There is no inland city in the world that possesses greater facilities for commercial intercourse. The site of the city i,, a gently inclined plane, the ground m the western part, 3 miles from the Lake, being from 15 to 18 feet above the level of the Lake. The streets are generally eighty feet wide and are very regularly bu.lt. They cross each other at right angles, and are for he most part, paved with stone or with wood ; many of them are from five to ten miles in length. Chicago is divided by the river and its branches, into three parts known as the North, West, and South sides, which are connected by about 50 bridges, while two stone tunnels connect the main avenues of travel leading from the city proper to the northern and western divisions. These divisions are subdivided into twenty wards, and contain nearly 800 streets, avenues, and alleys. The river and ship canals afford a magnificent harbor for the largest vessels, for more than ten miles. At the entrance of the first there is, a large iron light-house The city is beautifully laid out in broad and shady streets the principal of which for business purposes is State Street, the " Broadway " of Chicago, while Michigan avenue, (which fronts along the Lake), Wabash avenue Prairie avenue. South Park avenue. West Washington street, and North Dearborn street, are distinguished by the great number of princely edifices, which are perfect models of architectural design, and are adorned with rows of luxuriant trees. The system of parks and boulevards ^11 n-0' 170 All-Round Route and Panorauiic Guide. in Chicago is the most extensive of any city in the world. The Drexel, for instance, is 200 feet wide, from beginning to end, and is built on the model of the Avenue de L'Imperatrice, Paris, justly considered the finest boulevard in Europe. On South Water street are situated the prin- cipal warehouses and large wholesale stores, and in Lake street also, a large part of the wholesale business is done, while many of the largest and most elegant of the whole- sale houses are now located on Michigan and Wabash avenues, making a gradual inroad upon a favorite resi- dence locality. Among the objects of great interest in what the proud citizens call the "new Chicago," may be named the large and beautiful Lincoln Park situated on the Lake shore, north of the city, with its numerous charming drives along the shores of Lake Michigan, a very perfect zoological garden, a charming little lake, superb fountains, making it attractive as a drive or pro- menade. Another favorite resort is Union Park, situated in the western division, older than Lincoln Park, with beautiful lakes, fountains, &c., a complete zoological collection, pagodas, a music pavilion ; it enjoys great popularity as a place of promenade, and for the open air concerts given every evening during the summer. Besides the above mentioned parks there is Lake Park, with a beautiful lo- cation running down the Lake shore south of the city to Hyde Park and Hyde Park House, a favorite driving and bathing resort, at the southern extremity. The south and west side parks are very extensive and beautiful ; Dearborn, Jefferson, and other minor parks and Haverly's Trotting Park, are also all well worthy of a visit. The principal cemeteries, Graceland, Rose Hill, Calvary, ie. 1 the world. I beginning U'enue de : boulevard i the prin- nd in Lake ess is done, the vvhole- d Wabash /orite resi- interest in o," may be lituated on numerous Michigan, a little lake, rive or pro- ited in the th beautiful collection, pularity as icerts given the above eautiful lo- the city to -ite driving , The south beautiful ; d Haverly's visit. The 1, Calvary, 'J. ''4 I: ill ■mU iWHi; * m ~ 'MmM,.. I l« >-• ::Milii jii 174 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. I ■"■ !t* lit and Oak Woods, are beautifully laid out and kept in the most perfect order, and for thbse lugubriously inclined a visit to them would, no doubt, be pleasant. Chicago is also the gj^reatest live stock market in the world. Lying at some distance west of the city are the great Union Stock Yards, which are a wonderful sight to see, being a little world in themselves. The amount of land controlled by the comj)any is 345 acres, ofvvhich the yards and pens occupy 146 acres. The present capacity of these yards is 25,000 head of cattle, 100,000 head of hogs, 22,000 sheep, besides which there are stalls for 500 horses, making a total capacity of 147,000 head. Quite a large town has sprung up in the inmiediate vicinity, with post-offic, bank, telegraph office, churches and schools. The yards are connected with all the railways centreing in Chicago. The lumber trade of this marvellous city has grown so much, especially of late, that it would perhaps not be wild to assert that Chicago leads the world in this branch of business also. There are over 300 firms engaged in it, and between fifteen and twenty million feet of lum- ber are annually handled. The great pineries of Michi- gan and Wisconsin are the principal sources of supply. Another of Chicago's great industries is that of pork and beef packing, and a special feature is the great favor in which its summer packed meats have grown, both in this country and in Europe. The demand for the latter is steadily increasing, Chicago is furthermore the greatest railway centre in the world, some forty-five lines coming into the city. There is a dash of grandeur in almost everything in the way of public works, undertaken by Chicago. The Water- works, ide, kept in the / inclined a rket in the :ity are the rful sight to amount of )f which the nt capacity DO head of alls for 500 ;ad. Quite te vicinity, jrches and le railways. IS grown so aps not be this branch gaged in it, L't of lum- s of Michi- >f supply, lat of pork eat favor in both in this he latter is entre in the y. There is the way of ater- works, i iy6 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. which have been pronounced by those who are competent to judge, to be the finest and most extensive on the American Continent, if not in the world, are a proof of this. They consist of a water tower, 1 60 feet high, up which water is forced by four of the most powerful engines, having a pumping capacity of 74,500,000 gallons daily. STOCK PENS AT UNION STOCK YARDS, CHICAGO. The water comes through a tunnel extending two miles out under the lake, thus securing perfect purity to the water, and another tunnel supplies the south-west portion of the city. There are also about 40 Artesian wells, which yield an abundance of water. The terrible experiences of the city have prompted this extraordinary precaution against fire, and the tide. e competent isive on the ; a proof of gh, up which ful engines, illons daily. ig two miles )urity to the •west portion 'tesian wells, fQ prompted re, and the m •V' J^i '?!:! :;i'H!l is .Si li'.|£ ."^ 178 All-RoHJtd Route and Panoramic Guide, splendid building law now in force further provides against the same, by forbidding the erection of frame THE NEW WATER WORKS AND TOWER, CHICAGO. « buildings of any kind, inside the limits of the city. No wooden cornice or wooden roof of any description is ther provides :tion of frame All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 179 permitted, and no wooden building now in existence, if damaged by fire to the extent of 50 per cent., can be repaired. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND BOARD OF TRADE BUILDING, CHICAGO. The public institutions of Chicago are in keeping with its industrial and commercial standing. Its public schools are surpassed by none in the country, whether in ''^^'.iiiii ' BSPI ' HISSK^Sn^H^ *}'::' i;:u- f -m 1 80 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,- regard to the beauty of the buildings, or the number of attendants. Special pride has been taken in this respect, and it is gratifying to know that Chicago leads the West in its encouragement of popular education. The Public Library, the nucleus of which was contributed by Eng- lish, and other authors of renown, in 1872, now counts over 6o,0(X) volumes, and the Academy of Sciences, which had lost its previous collection by the fire in 1871, i- "ruide.' he number of n this respect, jads the West The Public l!i!lil'l!£lttill K )11j]| I liinB^Sf m if u inUi^^''^^^^ "*^ UH^^Hra *< ^^^Ini D 1 liEv HHB ^ L H HnHl EC Tl BlffiHdjjH^^yin' y^ u. 1 we^^HHMa 1 <=> 1 ^ 1 r" ILi I > T 1 l|rHliliBsff - 1 JUKeNi K 11 HIHSdvI '^. WU JMnM o w i; 3m ^^IHjS' i >- SliWil I c ■11 'iwS^n c nMnpiMM iz jBH[] |R H E^^Blraw' ^ BHi'i'lli ^ B^li I'P c^~ Wh mm M i£. .iLi.|lL AiM'i'.'M IP -^ ■pii: 1 £ Si^ffia4 '1 kM S n L; ^ 1 f- is a: ■1: D l» 'i '^ ^^Hilip t tf^'Ti^'' 'i c HiW M^: I ^ ■■11 jfiJOi ' ' , < Hi iffii i*''i ^ HUL^iB^ : u ■1 L Wi ! ■■ Ji; fc- ^Q WSl^ «4*ltl b ■PflBj o HH m' i ' "^ ^^ft'^bB ' '^ 1 C Bnj^HSii ^^ H ■ ]t^" » W 'Vi: uted by Eng- 2, now counts ciences, which •e in 1 87 1, is All-Round Route mid Panoramic Guide, 181 now rapidly recuperating both in its museum and library ; colleges and academies of different denominations are numerous and flourishing, and the University of Chicago iias a reputation second to none in the West. Asylums li;i:i|i;:ii!i: 182 All' Round Route and Panoramic Guide, •i'«fciiL M.l>i!t ' Guide. .^>** ** ICAGO s ana Bouleyartls. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 1 83 and hospitals, devoted to the sufiferings of humanity are not only numerous, but carried on in a style of rare muni- ficence. So much worthy of description has crowded itself upon us, that we have omitted to mention the grain trade of Chicago, perhaps the greatest industry of the city. Chicago is not only the headquarters of the grain trade of America, but -t is also the greatest grain market in the world. It has 25 elevators, with an aggregate storage capacity of 20,000,000 bushels of grain. The speed and dexterity with which vessels and cars are loaded and un- loaded is perfectly marvellous, and no tourist should fail to go and watch the operation for a short time. To see how business is done in Chicago, and to form some idea of the immensity of the transactions, the tourist should by all means pay a visit to the Chamber of Commerce, situated corner of Washington and La Salle streets. It is considered one of the noblest and most complete buildings of its class in the world. It was opened with very impressive ceremonies in the fall of 1872, and Chicago is justly proud of this magnificent structure. Chicago has many magnificent mercantile buildings, banking houses, stock exchange, &c., in which respect the re-built city far excels even its ambitious predecessor, and rivals all others. With regard to hotels no place in America can vie with Chicago ; most of them being built since the fire, and furnished with lavish cost and great completeness. There is the Palmer House, a thorou^-hly fire-proof hotel, occupying the entire block in State street, between Wabash Avenue and Munroe street. The Grand Pacific is not at all inferior to this, occupying a half block on 184 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. ■1 11 Jackson, Clark, Adams, and La Salle streets. The New Sherman House, in the central business part of the city, fronting on Clark and Randolph streets, is practically fire-proof, and watched with such unceasing care, that no one in any part of the house need feel the least anxiety ; practical experience has proved the " Sherman " to be satisfactory in every respect. The Tremont House, styled the palace hotel of Chicago, is located on the corner of Lake and Dear- born streets. This house has the world-wide reputation of being one of the finest structures of its kind on either continents, and is considered one of the features of the city, both in external architecture and internal arrange- ment ; it possesses all the appurtenances of many a palace, with its spacious halls and luxurious suites of apartments, and commends itself to travellers of either continent, as a type of that world-famous institution, the luxurious modern American Hotel. The Gardner House is another of Chicagos favorite hotels, and for several years past has held the reputation of being one of the best managed hotels in the Western States. Chicago has many very large and fine Railway Depots, for the accommodation of the many and extensive roads finding their centre there. Among the extensive manufactories may be mentioned the McCormack Reaper Manufactory, which is the largest of the kind in the world, situated on the corner of Blue Island and Western avenues, and the extensive bridge-building works of the American Company, situated on Egan avenue. All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 185 The principal places of amusement are Haverly's Theatre, corner of Dearborn and Munroe streets ; Mc- Vicker's, near the corner of Madison and State streets ; Hooley's, adjoining Sherman House block on Randolph, near La Salle. Chicago is not only the terminus of the five great through trunk lines, from the Atlantic sea-board cities, New York, Boston, Montreal, Philadelphia, and Balti- more, but it is also the head of the several grand divi- sions viz, the Chicago, Rock Island, and Chicago, Bur- lington and Quincy, and Chicago and Northwestern Railways, which form the overland route across the Great West to the Paciric, as well as of the ever popular Chicago, Alton & St. Louis Railway, to St. Louis and Kansas City, Mo., the Illinois Central and the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railways. Thence next via either the Kansas Pacific Division of the Union Pacific, or via the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railways to all points in Kansas, Colorado, Montana, Idaho and New Mexico. Leaving Chicago, if our reader will kindly follow us,- we shall with pleasure conduct him to Milwaukee, which may be reached either by rail or steamer. FROM CHICAGO TO MILWAUKEE. If the tourist can spare the time before returning to the east, a most enjoyable and healthful trip may be made by taking the magnificent steamers of the Good- rich line to Milwaukee, or by Railway, via the elegantly equipped trains of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway, which h one of the best managed railways in America. li;-= '%, 1 86 Ail-Round Route atui Panoramic Guide. CHICAGO TO ST. PAUL AND MINNEAPOLIS, VIA THE CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE AND ST. PAUL R. R. SLEEPING CARS, between Chicago and St. Paul, fare $2.00; between Milwaukee and La Crosse, fare $1.50 — in addition to railway ticket. Parlor, cars between Chicago and Milwaukee. Trains leave the elegant new Union Depot at Canal, Madison and Adams Streets, Chicago, and sweeping through the City, and passing through a large manufac- turing district, soon cross the north suburbs of the city and pass out on the uneven wooded prairie bordering Lake Michigan. The line traverses Cook, Lake, Kenosha and Racine counties in Illinois, connecting at Western Union Junction, with the Racine and Southwestern Division, and 85 miles from Chicago arrives at Milwaukee, THE CREaM city OF THE Vi^EST, and another of those wonderful western cities that have sprung into marvellous prosperity within the short cycle of one generation. It was settled in 1835 ; its popula- tion is fully 150,000, one half of which is German, and the impress of their peculiar habits of life is stamped upon the place. Milwaukee is a great lumber and flour emporium, and its beer is famous. Among its prominent public buildings are the Custom L cuse, Court Houses and National Asylum for disabled soldiers. The streets are broad, and generally shaded. The chief hotels, are the New Plankinton House, the Newhall House, and the Kirby House. The Plankinton House is not surpassed by any house in the State. From Milwaukee to St. Paul, All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 187 the journey is made by the Lacrosse and St. Paul Division of the Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway, which covers a distance of 341 miles in 17 hours ; leaving here the St, Paul train turns west from the Union Depot, Milwaukee, crosses the Menominee river, .nd thence traverses the attractive park of the National Soldier's Home, wit;h the institution itself on the north. At Brookfield Junction the Prairie du Chien Division is crossed. The line now enters Waukesha county which, alone, contains 58 of the Wisconsin lakes. This region, which is one of the most attractive ir the Northwest, is much frequented during the summer months. The residents of the country are more than one-half foreign, ihe railway skirt* the shores of Lakes Pewaukee and Oconomowoc, and affords a momentary view of La Belle lake. From Watertown a branch line diverges south to Madison. Approaching Portage City the railway crosses the Portage Canal,, connecting the Wisconsin and Fox rivers and forming a northern water communication between Jhe Mississippi and the lakes. Father Marquette, the earliest Jesuit e:iplorer, planted the cross in 1690 on the high ridge immediately north of the railway. Fort Winnebago was built on the same picturesque spot and garrisoned in 1S26. Jefferson Davis served there as First Lieutenant, but I as the U. S. Secretary of State, 25 years after, he ordered the fort to be destroyed, and the Government reservation of 4,000 acres sold. Passing Portage and the pleasant dining station, the heavily wooded banks of the Wisconsin are approached. The dells of that river, which are both the wonder and the pride of the State, a'-e above Kiibourn City, where the swift current has worn and eaten, ^nd undermined a passage through the basaltic 1, :-. 1. .i '■ 1 . : . ■""' i,, : " ,. 'l-t,- 1, 1 88 All-RoMtd Route and Panoramic Guide. cliffs. The river contracts into a foaming eddying rapid at the gap. The railway crosses the river by a high bridge which affords a striking view of the rocky channel and the turbulent river below the Delles, the latter being accessible only by pleasure steamer from this point. The line now traverses Juneau county which in point of rugged beauty is one of the most picturesque in the State. Crossing the Lemonweir river near Mauston, the Necedah Branch is passed at New Lisbon. The border of Juneau county is reached at Camp Douglas Junction, where the railway passes a somewhat remarkable group of rocky precipices. Connection is made here with the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Line. Tomah is the Junction of the Green Bay & Minnesota R.R. and Sparta (view of Castle Rock on the right), of the Viroqua Branch. Arriving at North LaCrosse, the train runs backward one mile to the city of LaCrosse, whence it again turns west, crossing the Mississippi at the mouth of the Black river. Leaving the station the train crosses the Black and Mississippi rivers by an iron trestle and three costly iron bridges two miles in length. La Cres- cent on the Minnesota bank is the northern terminus, of the Dubuque Division, and the Junction of the Southern Minnesota line. SOUTHERN MINNESOTA DIVISION. Through cars run via the Southern Minnesota line between Chicago (above route to LaCrosse), and the principal towns in Southern Minnesota and the Dakota frontier. From La Crescent the line traverses the rolling prairie of Houston county. Stages connect at Isinour's station for Preston, the county capital and centre of one Ail-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide. \ 89 of the largest wheat growing regions in the Northwest. West of Isinour's the railway ascends the heaviest grade in the State— 520 feet in five miles— from the Rum River Valley to the high prairie land. At Ramsey con- nection is made with the Iowa & Minnesota Division and at Albert Lea (on Lake Albert Lea), with the Min- neapolis & St. Louis Railway. Mankato liranch diverges from Wells. Winnebago is the crossing point of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Line. From Fairmont, Spirit Lake and Estervillc are reached by stage. Beyond Jackson station the railway passes the scene of the first murders in the Sioux massacre of 1862. The train enters Dakota beyond Pipestone and 10 miles west reaches Flandreau, on the Big Sioux River and 592 miles from Chicago. Beyond La Crescent the St. Paul train takes the right bank of the Mississippi, following a narrow gallery at the base of rocky precipices rising 400 to 600 feet above the railway. Passing Winona the train quits the Mis- sissippi,traverses woods and meadows and passes stations, Minnesota City, Minneiska, Weaver and Kellogg to Wabasha (Zumbrota Branch diverges), beyond which it returns to the Mississippi at the beautiful lake-like widening known as Lake Pepin. The train follows closely Its west shore; the riparian scenery is of renowned attractiveness. Frontenac, near the head of the lake confronts Maiden Rock on the east shore. Forethought, guided by good taste and inspired by the beauty of the Mississippi valley, has designed this spot to be one of the most charming summer resorts in the Northwest. At Hastings, connection is made with the Hastings & Dakota Division. The line now recrosses the Mississippi. •■'.'I. i.d 190 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Beyond Newport the double spire of the German Catholic Cathedral at St. Paul is seen in advance. The train traverses a broad valley and enters St. Paul on the levee. The Minneapolis train again crosses the river above St. Paul, pursues a sinuous course along its west bank, running under the walls of Fort Snelling. After crossing the broad and shallow Minnesota, it passes within near proximity to the Falls of Minnehaha, and 12 miles from St. Paul, arrives at Minneapolis. The St. Paul train follows the Mississippi a short distance, crossing it above St. Paul, and enters the town imder the blufifs, the terminal station being on the levee, no breakage or detention having been made in the journey. This well-equipped and popular railway over which we have journeyed from Chicago and Milwaukee presents to the tourist some of the most striking scenery to be found in the Great North-west. Prairie, lake, and valley scenery follow in rapid succession, so that no one becomes weary of the monotony of the journey. St. Paul is situated_at the head of navigation on the Mississippi, and its location is admirable. It is an historic spot, having been visited in 1680, by Father Hennepin, a celebrated Franciscan missionary and traveller. It was he who discoveied and named the Falls of St. Anthony. Eighty-six years after, Jonathan Carver went there and made a treaty with the Nandowessie Indians, in what is now known as Carver's Cave. In 1 840, Vital Guerin built a log house, where Ingersoll's Hall stands at present, and in the same year Father Gauthier, a Roman Catholic missionary, arrived and built a log church, which he called St. Paul's, and from that was named the Capital of the State. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 191 Referring to the State Capital Building, it is situated on high ground and occupies an entire square and is built of brick. It contains the State Offices, Legislative Chambers, State Law Library, and the Collection of the State Historical Society. There are several large public schools in the city ; the State Reform School is in the suburbs. St. Paul Bridge, 1,730 feet long is worth seemg It is of wood, resting upon stone piers, and is an inclined plane ascending from the high bluff at the foot of Wabashaw street to the bottom lands of west St Paul ; the largest river steamers can pass under it The present population of St. Paul is 45,000. The environs are very picturesque, including a number of lakes and the Minnehaha Falls, immortalized in Longfellow's Hia- watha. Leaving St. Paul, a short ride brings us to Minne- apohs, which is a thriving and beautiful city built m sight of the Falls of St. Anthony, with their one hundred and twenty thousand horse-power and succession ot tine rapids. The city is beautiful and well located for a great manufac- tunng centre, which it i.. A fine suspension bridge above the Falls connects the two parts of the city, comprising the orignial M.nneapolis and the former city of St. Anthonv now united. The city itself is of very fine appearance! with wide, clean streets, elegant business blocks, hotels and residences, which, in point of style are nowhere excelled. We notice here the same life and activity found in St Paul, and in fact, throughout the north-western country Minneapolis is the capital of Hennepin County, Minne- sota, and has a population of upwards of 50,000 It is 192 All-Rcund Route and Panoramic Guide. 420 miles North-west from Chicago, and is one of the most populous and flourishing cities in the State. Among its most beautiful and prominent buildings are the U. S. Custom House, the Music Hall and Post-office. Minnea- polis is a very large manufacturing city, and possesses the finest and largest available water-power in the world. In the vicinity of Minneapolis are a number of very in- teresting attractions; among others the Silver Cascade, Bridal Veil Falls, a deep cunc opposite the Falls of St» Anthony on the east side, and several beautiful lakes, the drives to which from the city are very pleasant, the scenery beautiful, and the roads in fine condition. Among the smaller lakes within easy reach of the city, noted for their beautiful scenery rnd the opportunities they offer for en- joyment, are Harriet, Cedar, and Medecinc lakes. Fifteen miles from Minneapolis is Lake Minnetonka — " Big water," in the language of the Sioux, — which, by reason of its extent and superior attractions, is becoming one of the most popular watering-places in the State. Arriving at Wayzata, the railway station of the St. Paul, Minnea- polis and Manitoba Railway at the Lake, the attention of visitors is attracted by the large fleet of steamers lying at the wharves awaiting the arrival of the trains. These steamers ply regularly between Wayzata and the village of Excelsior, on the opposite side of the Lake. Number- less sail and row boats are also on hand. This beautiful Lake is composed of a series of bays, some twenty -five in number, which form a chain of what appears to be distinct lakes, but they are joined by estuaries, many of which are navigable by the steamers. Lake Minnetonka has long enjoyed a wide reputation as a resort for the tourist, and particularly the sportsman, drawn thither by m Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 193 the excellent fishing and shooting. The hotel accom- modation is good and ample for the entertainment of a large number of guests. Returning to Milwaukee, the iiaveller can vary his journey by taking one of the splendid steamers of the Goderich Line to Grand Haven, and thence by the Detroit. Grand Haven & Milwaukee Railway to Detroit From Detroit the Great Western Division G. T Railway will convey the tourist back to Suspension Bridge (Niagara Falls). ^ Niagara having been already described, we shall decide upon the route to be taken for Toronto. There are two means of getting there, one by water and the other by rail. On a sunny, calm day, nothing can be more pleasant than the water excursion, by the mag- nificent side-wheel palace steamer " Chicora," which daily makes two trips each way across Lake Ontario between Toronto and Lewiston. If this route is decided on, the tourist will find the cars ready to take him to Lewiston. From Niagara to Lewiston the railway fol- lows the course of the river, running along the high ridge overiooking the rapid stream, until we arrive at Lewis- ton Station. Omnibuses and cabs will be found in at- tendance to take passengers down to the steamer, which lies about half a mile off. Another route open to the tourist is that by the Canada Southern Railroad, which leaves Fort Erie, opposite Buffalo, N. Y., and skirting the shore of the Niagara River runs past Niagara Falls, and termmates at the old town of Niagara, at the mouth of the river of the same name, where connection is made witUhe steamer referred to as starting from Lewiston, 13 11 PIH'f 194 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. LEWISTON. [HIS village is situated at the head of navigation, on the lower Niagara, and is a place of consider- able importance. It lies three miles below the Devil's Hole, and seven miles below the Falls. It is an exceedingly pleasant and very well built village, but its commercial prospects have been very much injured by the construction of the Erie and Welland Canals. It contains, besides a proportionate number of stores and hotels, churches of all the various denominations, and an academy of considerable size. In 18 1 2, it was the headquarters of General Van Rensselaer, of the New York Militia. Once embarked, we pass along Niagara River for about seven miles, the current still running very rapidly until it finds its way into Lake Ontario. At this point the great Lake Ontario is reached, the landscape ends, and the sky and the world of waters are all that is seen of the kingdom of nature. It is one of the most sublime experiences of American travel, this first meeting in the heart of the continent, face to face with an inland sea ; and familiar as one may be with the names of the great lakes, and associated as they are in his mind with commerce, transportation, and business, the first impression on the tourist is still that made on the great discoverer of the source of the Nile when the dazzling sheen of the magnificent Albert-Nyanza first startled his triumphant gaze. AlURoimd Route and Panoramic Guide, 195 QUEENSTON. This is a small village situated nearly opposite Lewiston, and contains about 500 inhabitants. It was the Canadian termination of the bridge, and is associated in history with the gallant de- fence made by the British on the ad- jacent heights in the war of 18 1 2. The bridge here shown was unfortunately carried away by ice Queenston suspension bridge. during the winter of 1864. The village is pleasantly situated, but it has suffered from the same causes that have retarded the growth of Lewiston. Near this point the river becomes more tranquil, the shores appear less broken and wild, and the change in the scenery affords a pleasing transition from the sublime to the beautiful. The monument shown on page 196 stands on the Heights of Queenston, from whence the village derived its name The present structure occupies the site of the former one,' which was blown up by a miscreant named Lett, on the 17th April, 1840. The whole edifice is one hundred and eighty-five feet high. On the sub-base, which is forty feet square and thirty feet high, are placed four lions facing north, south, east and west ; the base of the pedestal is twenty-one and a half feet square, and ten feet high ; the pedestal itself is sixteen feet square, ten feet high, surmounted with a heavy cornice, ornamented with hon's heads and wreaths, in alto-relievo. In ascend- m M'' fi. ! ■ ' W- 196 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Gnide. ing from the top of the pedestal to the top of the base of the shaft, the form changes from square to round. The shaft is a fluted column of freestone, seventy-five feet high and ten feet in diameter, whereon stands a Corinthian capital, ten feet high, on which is wrought, in relief, a statue of the God- dess of War. On this capital is the dome, nine feet high, which is reached by 250 spiral steps from the base on the inside. On the top of the dome is placed a colossal statue of General Brock. The only stoppage made between Lewiston and Tor- onto is at the town of Nia- gara, 16 miles from the Falls. Passengers from the Clifton House can be brought by the cars down to this town with- out crossing to the American brock's monument. shore, and embark on J^oard the splendid steamer " Chicora," which here lies ready for the beautiful trip across the Lake. NIAGARA. ^^HIS is one of the oldest towns in Ontario, and was life formerly the capital of the Province. It is situated where the old town of Newark stood, and is oppo- site to Youngstown. It faces the river on one side, and Lake Ontario on the other. The trade of this place has been largely diverted to St. Catharines since the completion Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 197 of the Welland Canal ; and the other towns upon the Niagara River have suffered in common from the same cause. Its surroundings are full of varied and historical interest. The Queen's Royal Niagara Hotel, under the management of Mr. Winnett (of the firm of McGaw & Winnett, of the Queen's Hotel, Toronto) is open for guests during the summer season. THE QUEEN'S ROYAL HOTEL Has, under the management of Messrs. McGavv & Winnett, become noted as a delightful SUxMMER RESORT. It has many cheerful surroundings, being splendidly situated opposite Fort Niagara, in a beautiful grove at the mouth of Niagara River, where it debouches into Lake Ontario, and only fourteen miles from the world- renowned Niagara Falls. Among the numerous places of resort for tourists and families who desire to get away from the heated walls of our large cities, during the warm summer months, we know of no better place to recommend than the Queen's Royal, for it is really a delightful retreat. Here will be found a beautiful shelving beach extending for more than a mile, making the locality a most desirable one for bathing ; dressing- rooms are located on the beach. Nor is this all of its pleasures ; here the facilities for boating and fishing are unsurpassed, as the famous bass and pickerel beds of the Niagara River are opposite the hotel, which has ample accommodation for three hundred and fifty guests. Below we present a fine cut of the hotel. Tourists holding tickets via New York Central Railway, take the boat at Lewiston for Niagara or Toronto, those via Canada Southern Railway, take the cars at Buffalo or IP " ■ ■'i'-i'-'l 4- ^ #;" , l!ii!'' •■:''4'i'M. ■ J.""' ' pit! : : ■ w ii 198 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Clifton to Niagara direct. Tourists are privileged to stop at Niagara or Toronto. Board from $12 to $15 per week. Both these hotels are under the management of Messrs. McGaw & Winnett. Almost immediately after leaving Niagara village, we < Pi < < w E- C < o H pass between the two Forts, Niagara and Massasauga ; the former garrisoned by American troops, and the latter,. in by-gone days, by the soldiers of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. These two forts are so close together, that it is said, on a calm night, the watch-words, as given by All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 199 ara village, we FORT NIAGARA. the troops on changing guard, could be heard distinctly from one side to the other, across the water. FORT NIAGARA. This fort stands at the mouth of the Niagara River on the American side. There are many interesting associa- tions connected with this spot. During the earlier part of the past century, it was the scene of I many severe con- flicts between the Whites and the Indians, and sub?-^- quently betwec. the English and the French. The names of the heroic La Salle, the courtly De Nouville, and the gallant Prideaux, will long retain a place in the history of this country. The village adjacent to the Fort is called Youngstown, in honor of its founder, the late John Young, Esq. Within the last few years important repairs have been made around the Fort, and the entire wall has been constructed anew. Here was fought the battle of the 24th July, 1757, in which Prideaux, the English General fell, and after which the French garrison surrendered to Sir William Johnson, who succeeded to the command of the English. From this point we strike out into the lake, and in the centre almost lose sight of the land behind, before we discer-: the city of Toronto, immediately in front of us. Ill liiiiiii 11 200 All-Rcnmd Route and Panoramic Giude, The view of Toronto from the water is very fine indeed, and its public buil>_ings and wharves shew it to be a city of importance and prosperity. TORONTO. Is not only the Capital of the Province of Ontario and one of the most flourishing cities in Canada, but it is one of the most progressive cities in Her Majesty's Dominion;^. It is situated on a beautiful bay separated from the lake by a peninsula known as Gibraltar Point, which serves to form a safe and well-sheltered harbor. Toronto may justly feel proud of its hotels, which arc scarcely inferior in size, and quite equal in magnificence to any in American cities, and as the tourist will doubt- less desire to remain over in Toronto for at least a day or two, and visit its many points of interest, we will, therefore, direct him where he will be assured of every comfort and attention. The Queen's Hotel, of which we present a cut, will be found strictly first-class in all its appointments. It has long been celebrated for its home comforts, perfect quiet, excellent attendance) and the peculiar excellence of its cuisine, and has been patronized by Royalty and the be;5t families. It is most delij3;htfully situated near the Bay on Front Street, and is one of the largest and most comfortable hotels in the Dominion of Canada, and has earned a wide and well- merited celebrity, under the management of its present proprietors, Messrs. McGaw & Winnett, who are experienced hotel-men, and gentlemen who knov^ how to cater for the wants of guests. The beautiful and spacious grounds, with lawn - tennis, chivalerie, and croquet lawns, render it very desirable for those who may All-Round Route and Panoramic GuuU. 201 y fine indeed, it to be a city require recreation. It is open all the year, and has ample accommodation for 350 quests. A passenger elevator, with all modern improvements and appliances, will be found in it. Ontario and L, but it is one er Majesty's bay separated ibraltar Point, tered harbor, sis, which arc magnificence st will doubt- ,t least a day srest, we will, ; assured of f's Hotel, of :tly first-class ;elebrated for t attendance, and has been 3. It is most Street, and is hotels in the ide and well- ^f its present tt, who arc o knov/ how Dcautiful and ivalerie, and lose who may r The queen city, Toronto, formerly Little York, was founded in 1794, — in 1832 it had 2,800 inhabitants; in 1841, 15,300; in 1 85 1, 40,000; in 1861,44,800; in 187 1 50,600; and the census of 1881 brings it to 86,445 This beautiful city, which is in the form of a parallelo- ' .'' I 202 All-Roumi Route and Panoramic Gvide, gram, is built with great regularity, and its streets are always clean and well paved, spacious and well lighted with gas. The houses and private residences are generally well built and substantial, and in the principal thoroughfares have often an elegant appearance. Its public buildings are numerous, very substantial, and many of them beautiful and well worthy of inspectioi* by all tourists and visitors. It is the scat of Law and Provincial Government, and the headquarters of the Educational Department of the Province. Many of the dwellings and business structures are built of brick, which has a light, soft and pleasing tint. Toronto has increased in wealth and population of late years more rapidly than any other city in the Dominion. Toronto was founded in 1794 by Governor Simcoe, who gave it the name of York, which was changed after it was incorporated as a city in 1834 to Toronto— meaning in the Indian language, "The place of Meeting." It was twice captured by the Americans in 18 13, who destroyed all the fortifications and burned the public buildings; since then, enterprise and capital have taken the place of shot and shell, and at the time of writing Toronto can with pride boast of some of the finest buildings of their kind in America, among which may be mentioned the Lieut. Governor's mansion, a princely residence ; the Normal School and Trinity College, both fine edifices ; the University of Toronto, one of the finest buildings in America, and estimated second to none on this side of the Atlantic as a seat of learning. The style of architecture is Norman with such slight deviations as the climate demands, and is a building of which any city may justly feel proud of possessing. It is situated in a ,ife^ All-Rotuid Route and Panoramic Guide. 203 its streets are id well lighted •esidences are the principal earance. Its bstantial, and of inspection of Law and larters of the Many of the Df brick, which Toronto has te years more ion. Toronto 2, who gave it after it was ) — meaning in ting." It was kvho destroyed ilic buildings ; iken the place g Toronto can idings of their nentioned the 'esidence ; the fine edifices ; ;t buildings in m this side of rhe style of viations as the hich any city 5 situated in a 204 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. large beautiful park whose avenues are ornamented with stately trees, etc., and approached by College Avenue, which is one half mile long, and hned with double rows of beautiful shade trees. Adjoining these beautiful grounds on the east is the Queen's Park, which comprises about so acres, skilfully laid out ; here may be seen a monument (consisting of a brown-stone shaft surmounted by a magnificent marble statue of Britannia). This monument was erected to the memory of the Canadians who fell in repelling the Fenian invasion of 1866. Osgoode Hall, in Queen street (named after the first Chief-Justice of the Province), is another imposing building of the Grecian-Ionic style and surmounted by a beautiful dome, and contains a library and rotunda unequalled in America. Among the other public buildings may be mentioned the Masonic Hall, the Young Men's Christian Association, a beautiful building at the corner of Queen and James streets, which has the largest hall in the city. The Lunatic Asylum, Custom House, Merchants Exchange, Government School of Technology, and new Post Office, are all worthy the notice of the tourist. There are over 50 churches, and about 1 5 banks, and many of these edifices are strikingly beautiful. Among the most striking buildings of recent construc- tion is that erected by the Mail Printing Co'y. in 1880, on the corner of Bay and King streets. The structure is m the modern French style of architecture, and consists of four stories and a mansard with a handsome tower, built of white brick, with red brick facings. The upper part is laid out in airy and commodious offices, and the whole building is a standing evidence of the prosperity of the Company uuder its present management. All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide. 205 Of all the cities of the Dominion of Canada which aspire to the distinction of being recognized as great jobbing markets, Toronto is eclipsed by but one- Montreal, and all other cities of the Dominion fall far below it in the aggregate of wholesale transactions per annum, and the immense trade that centres in it from all parts of the country. Toronto has numerous manufactures, among which are extensive foundries, tanneries, breweries, distilleries, furniture, carriage, reaping and mowing machine manu- factories, starch, glue, soap and candle factories ; exten- sive rope-walks, flour-mills are also to be found, in fact every line of trade is represented there by business firms whose characteristics are such as to warrant us in speak- ing of them in eulogistic terms. Toronto has a splendid harbor, which admits of vessels of the largest size navigating the lakes ; it is remarkably well sheltered, and affords great facilities for its exten- sive and constantly increasing trade. Upwards of half a dozen Railways centre in Toronto— among which are The Grand Trunk, Great Western Division, Northern and North Western, Toronto, Grey and Bruce, Midland and Credit Valley Railways, and the Ontario and Quebec, operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway. Magnificent steamers during the season of navigation ply to all the lake and river ports, and it is well worth one's while to take up a position on the wharfs, or at any of the depots where a commanding view is to be had of incoming and outgoing trains and steamers daring the season. Among the other hotels to be found in Toronto, not previously mentioned, are the Rossin, Walker and I! 'lit? . S9I|i w^ 206 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Simcoe, any of which will afford visitors first-class accommodation. ^ Having viewed Toronto, we arrange for the continua- tion of our tour eastward, which may be done either by boat or rail. After leaving Toronto, the first place of any importance we come to is BOWMANVILLE, a thriving town of about 5,000 inhabitants, in the midst of a very fine agricultural district, and prettily situated on an elevated plateau from which two streams run on either side into Lake Ontario. About two and a half miles from the town is its port, styled Port Darlington, and affording excellent harbourage, where the Daily Line of Steamers first stop after leaving Toronto. The fine water ^ower at their command has been utilized by the enterprising citizens of BowmanviUe with great energy, and numerous manufactories have taken root and given the town a great impetus. Principal among these we may mention that of the Dominion Organ and Piano Co., which was started many years ago, and was taken hold of by the company of the same name, who still carry it on, in 1875, the officers of which are J. H. Farwell, of Detroit, President ; John Wesley, Secretary and Treasurer ; George Piggott, manager of the manu- facturing department, and W. S. Russell, manager of the tuning department. The business of the Company has increased from the first, until now they are turning out 200 organs and 50 pianos per month. The factory is a fine four-story building with Mansard roof; fronting on two streets, 165 feet by 175 feet. Their instruments have carried off prizes at the Industrial Exhibition, Philadelphia, 1876. and Paris, 1878. Their organ is the tors first-class All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 207 only one, outside of the United States, which has re- ceived an International Award, and their business ex- tends to all parts of the Dominion, England, Australia, South America and Germany — a fact which speaks volumes as to the merit of the instruments they turn out. PORT HOPE is situated sixty-three miles from Toronto. A small stream, that here falls into the Lake, has formed a valley, in which, and on the rising hills beyond, the town is situated. The harbor formed at the mouth of this stream is one of the best on the Lake. Port Hope is a very pretty town. On the western side, the hills rise gradually one above another, the highest summit, called *' Fort Orton," affording a fine prospect, and overlooking the country for a great distance arounJ. The town is incorporated, and contains over 5,000 inhabitants. COBOURG lies 6 miks below Port Hope. It is a town of 6,000 inhabitants, and is situated in the centre of an exceed- ingly fertile section of the country. Its harbor is safe •and commodious, and a large quantity of grain, iron ore, etc., is annually exported. It is very prettily laid out, and its streets are adorned with numerous elegant residences and public buildings, including the Town Hall and Victoria College (Wesleyan). We pass onward to BELLEVILLE, a town of considerable importance situated on the Bay of Quinte, 44 miles from Cobourg. This town has rapidly grown during the past few years, and has now a population of over 9,000. It is well built, lit with gas, aud possesses a fine harbor with an almost unlimited water power. It is the county town of the County of iliiii 208 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, Hastings, and contains, besides the county buildings, many very handsome stores and churches, with a college, a convent, and very extensive' factories and saw mills. KINGSTON. which after Quebec and Halifax has the strongest fort in the Dominion. A settlement was begun here by the French under Governor De Courcelles in 1672, and was known as Fort Cataraqui. Subsequently a massive stone fort was erected by Count de Frontenac, and received his name. This Fort was alternately in the possession of the French and the Indians, until it was destroyed by the expedition under Col. Bradstreet, in 1758. In 1762, the place fell into the hands of the English, from whom it received its present name. Kingston is 172 miles from Montreal, and at this point we purpose leaving the train, and continue our journey by water. In order to reach the boat, the omnibuses in waiting at the station will convey us to, the city, which is distant about one mile. The best hotel in the city is the British American ; Archie McFaul, proprietor. It is situated on the corner of King and Clarence Streets, and is one of the oldest and only first-class House in the place ; and during the autumn of 1883 was completely re- modelled and newly fur- nished. It now has 200 bedrooms with all modern conveniences, and is supplied with Bath-rooms, etc., on every floor. The Cuisine is under the direction of a first-class chef. The terms are moderate. The steamer which leaves Toronto in the afternoon is NIAGARA FALLS TO MONTREAL afternoon is VIA The Grert Pscific Trunk Line. NEW and delightful route for Eastern and North- ern bound pleasure travel from Niagara Falls has been opened by the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway from Toronto to Montreal. Tourists, after doing the wonders of Old Niagara, have the choice of two routes to Toronto, via the New York Central R.R. to Lewiston, N.Y., or the Michigan Central Rail- way to Niagara, Ont., taking steamer from either point across Lake Ontario to the Queen City of the West. The varied attractions of Toronto, which last year celebrated its Semi-Centennial, are fully set. forth in another porrion of this work, and as the hotel accomo- dation is thoroughly first-class, we would strongly advise all tourists to spend some time there, feeling assured that they will be amply repaid for their visit. Leaving Toronto, the Canadian Pacific Railway runs in a direct line to Ottawa, the capital of the Dominion, passing through the Midland and Easterxi cou" ties of Ontario, a country which furnishes most delightful river, lake and woodland scenery. I'^',' III ' 'iff ii li"i :' ■■■m.i All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. At Agincourt, eighteen miles east of Toronto, the line crosses a branch of the Midland R. R. of Canada, then passing through the villages of Claremont, Myrtle, Pontypool and Cavanville, Peterborough is reached Zy miles east of Toronto, where the Canadian Pacific Railway again intersects the Midland system. Peter- borough is a flourishing city, beautifully situated on the Otonabee River, whose waters are utilized to drive the immense saw-mills situated on its banks, Peterborough being one of the large and important lumber markets of Canada. Near Peterborough is Stony Lake, a beautiful sheet of water dotted by huiidreds of islands, selected in 1883 as the meeting place of the American Canoe Association. Leaving Peterboro-i<.fh, we pass through the enterprising town of Norwood, and at Central Ontario Crossing, thirty-seven miles east of Peter- borough, we cross at right angles the Central Ontario R. R., which runs from Trenton on Lake Ontario to Picton. Going east we pass in quick succession the villages of Madoc, Tweed, Sheffield and Arden. This section of the country is very rich in mineral deposits. In 1866 Madoc ToAvnship was the scene of great excite, ment over the discovery of gold in considerable quantity on the Moira River. Iron mining has long been carried on in this district, but owing to the difficult means of access hitherto, it has never been fully developed, but now that the Canadian Pacific Railway is completed through the heart of this section, it is expected a great impetus will be given to this branch of trade. At Sharbot Lake, 96 miles east of Peterborough, and 84 miles from Ottawa, the Canadian Pacific Railway makes connection with the Kingston -Si Pembroke R. R. All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. running from Kingston, the limestone city of Ontario, northward to the Upper Ottawa River. Sharbot Lake is a favorite resort on account of its scenery and its resources as a fishing ground. Going east, the next point of interest is Perth, an old town substantially built, and it is at this point the Canadian Pacific Railway have erected car shops, giving employment to "several hundred men. Smiths Falls, twelve miles east of Perth, a smart, en- terprising town, noted for its manufactories of farming implements, is situated on the Rideau Canal, and is the junction point between the Ontario and Eastern Divisions of the Canadian Pacific Railway. A branch line of 28 miles runs from this point to Brockville, a charming town delightfully situated on the St. Lawrence River at the foot of the Thousand Islands, where con- nections are made with the various Steamboat Lines on the River, and also with the Utica and Black River R.R. by steamer ferry across the St. Lawrence to Morristown, N. Y. Continuing the journey to Ottawa from Smith's Falls, Carleton Junction is the next important station reached. The town of Carleton Place is very prettily situated on an outlet of Lake Mississippi, a beautiful sheet of water which furnishes a delightful summer resort for the people of Carleton Place and vicinity. At Carleton Junction the Company have mechanical works. It is the junction point between the line from Toronto and the main line of the Eastern Division of the Cana- dian Pacific Railway running northward through the villages and towns of the beautiful Ottawa Valley to the great lumber country of the Upper Ottawa, with its won- derful hunting and fishing grounds, skirting the banks nv -f\^' i-r' * I I'i i I ! i 5 I All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. of Lake Nipissing (the Como of Canada), on to the north shore of Lake Superior, where the link between the Eastern and Western Divisions of the Canadian Pacific Railvv-ay has al.eady reached completion, and which, when fully equipped and in complete running order, will form the great Canadian highway and trans- continental route between the Atlantic and Pacific. Resuming the journey eastward from Carleton Junc- tion, before reaching Ottawa, the train passes Britannia, a very pretty spot situated on the banks of Duchesne Lake (an expansion of the Ottawa River), yery popular during the summer as a suburban resort for the people of the Capital. Ottawa is reached, and although the Capital of the Dominion, possesses aore of interest to the traveller than any other city of Canada, it is, up to the present time, comparatively unknown to a large portion of the travelling public, which is undoubtedly due to the fact that it has never before been situated on a through line of travel ; but as it is now located on one of the busy highways of travel between the East and West, it will undoubtedly be the "Mecca" of all north-bound pleasure travel. After doing the Capital, with its many very interesting sights, east-bound passengers take the trains of the St. Lawrence & Ottawa Railway (controlled by the Cana- dian Pacific Railway), to Prescott, 54 miles distant, on the St. Lawrence River, directly opposite the city of Ogdensburg, N. Y., and there connect with the steamers of the Royal Mail Line for Montreal, do- ing the entire chain of rapids of the St. Lawrence River, or they can proceed direct to Montreal by the fast express trains of the Canadian Pacific Rail- All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide, way. The section between Ottawa and Montreal is the same as the rest of this great system of railway, furnish- ing every comfort of modern travel — perfect road bed, steel rails, iron bridges, and the finest equipped passen- ger trains in America. It is well called "the great scenic route of Canada," for after crossing the Ottawa River on the new and elegant iron bridge, '• The Prince of Wales," built in successive spans from island to island, which is crossed almost immediately after leaving Ottawa station, you are taken through a diversified country of open plains, mountains, gorges and forests. Repeated views of the Ottawa, classic in Tom Moore's Songs, pouring its mighty volume of water down from an immense territory that stretches into the almost undis- covered North, the distant shores and mountains, the fresh and well-kept fields, the picturesque farm houses, smart villages and towns, and the abundant forests fill all the way with beauty. On the North are the Laurentide range of mountains — often called the Catskills of Canada — now distant across the plain, now frowning overhead ; and innumerable streams cross our path to make their debouchcments into the river Ottawa. Cascades leaping down from moun- tain gorges are passed in near view from the car window. The Riviere du Lievre in particular, pouring a huge volume of water down a steep incline of broken, irregu- lar bottom, presents a waterfall of surpassing beauty, the train passing directly over this at the best point for a good view. At Calumet, midway between Ottawa and Montreal, the tourist who desires to visit Caledonia Springs, Canada's most celebrated medicinal waters, can leave the If '■< ( t. ■ 1 r: ■ I!; M« »■ ' ' 1 Wiil .; ' 1' All-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide. train and take the ferry steamer " Bonito " across the Ottawa River to L'Original, and there connect with a line of Concord coaches runnin^'^ direct to the Grand Hotel, about eight miles distant, where mine iiost Arnoldi always stands ready to give his guest ^ :i hearty weleonic. Continuing the journey eastward from Calumet, a ver) rich agricultural section is traversed, interspersed with several large towns, Lachute, a county seat, hein^^ one of the most important. The Canadian Pacific Rail- way approach to the City of Montreal is very happily chosen, being on the banks of the St. Lawrence River, in full view of St. Helen's Island, and the harbor, with its array of shipping, from the huge Allan steamships to the innumerable small craft that ply between the metropolis and the local ports on the river. The terminus is situ- ated in the eastern section of the city, within ten minutes walk of the Post Office. The perfect panorama of varied and attractive features which this line offers for summer pleasure travel, will, in a very short time, undoubtedly make it the popular route from Niagara Falls to Montreal. We advise those who would spend a delightful sum- mer day ride on the water, to take the steamers of the Ottawa River Navigation Company. Leaving the Queen's Wharf, Ottawa, at seven in the morning, the traveler finds himself on board of one of the Company's fine new mail steamers. After leaving the wharf we find ourselves in a few moments in the centre of the Grand River, from which point a fine view is obtained of the Government Buildings and the im- posing bluff on which they stand. From the same point the Chaudiere Fall, the timber slides (by the pas- Guide, ito" across the connect with ;i :t to the Grand nciiust Arnold i icarty weleonic. Calumet, a ver} terspersed with ty seat, hein-^ an Pacific Rail- is very happily -awrence River, harbor, with its camships to the the metropolis erminus is situ- ty, within ten :ractive features e travel, will, in e popular route delightful sum- Jteamers of the it seven in the )oard of one of After leaving loments in the )int a fine view js and the im- rom the same es (by the pas- All'Rcnind Route and Panoramic Guide, sage of which the rafts from the upper Ottawa avoid the falls), and the village of Hull, show to advantage, and as the steamer glides down the stream, the Rideau Falls on the southern, and the Gatineau village on the north- ern bank of the river, are soon passed. Breakfast is now served, always in the best style, and on regaining the deck, at eight o'clock, Buckingham is reached. This is an incorporated village on the River du Lievre, having a population of nearly 2,000 souls. Several fine saw- mills exist at this place, and afifrrd ample employment to the male portion of the population. A short run of half an hour brings us to Rockland, a small village of about 200 residents, prettily situated on the south side of the nvcr, and distant from ( )ttawa 24 miles. A con- siderable amount of lumber is made there. Another half hour through equally pleasant scenery brings us to Thurso, a thriving village in the County of Ottawa, on the Quebec side of the river. Its population is about 1.000, and some fine lumber mills, the staple industry of Ottawa Valley, are at work there. At ten o'clock Papineauville is reached, 40 miles from Ottawa. The village contains over 700 inhabitants. Montebello, where our next detention occurs, is also on the Quebec .side of the river, distant from Ottawa 44 mile^s, and having a population of 500. The scenery in this vicinity can hardly be surpassed in any portion of the country, blending as it does the boldness of hills with the placid beauty of quiet water and well-tilled plains. Montebello IS interesting, not only as a thriving village, but as the former residence of the gentleman from whom our last stopping place takes its name— Mr. Papineau, one of the most noted names in Canadian history. Shortly before All-Round Route ami Panoramic Guide, noon we reach L'Original, a station on the Ontario side of the river. This, the county town of the united coun- ties of Prescott and Russell, has a population of about 1,000. This is the stopping place of those who desire to visit the springs from which the well-known "Cale- donia " waters are obtained. At half-past twelve the steamer reaches Grenville, on the northern side of the river. Here the passengers part with their steamel and her courteous officers, as rapids in the stream prevent her further progress. A railway, furnished with all the modern appliances for comfort, takes us in half an hour to Carillon, where re-embarkation is made on the Priiue of Wa/es from Carillon to Montreal, a description of which appears on another page of this book. AlURoimd Route and Panoramic Guide* 209 e Ontario side e united coun- ation of about )se who desire cnovvn " Calc- ist twelve tht: rn side of tiic ir steamef and :ream prevent ;d with all the n half an hour on the Prince description of ok. ;;'i.. i '.I ili '1 1 Wi lit , ,.:,,■: 7^^ m 2IO All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. due early next morning, thereby enabling the tourists to view all the scenery down to Montreal, by daylight. Leaving Kingston by one of the magnificent steamers of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company, we find ourselves entering amidst that wonderful and beau- tiful collection of isles known as THE THOUSAND ISLANDS. These islands commence near Kingston, and extend downward to Brockville, a distance of over 50 miles. They form the JT;ost numerous collection of river islands in the world, and consist of about 1,800 wooded and rocky islets of every imaginable shape, size and appear- FORT HENRY — MARTBLLO TOWER, CEDAR ISLAND. LIGHTHOUSE ON ONE OF TIIK THOUSAND ISLANDS. ance, some being mere dots of rock a few yard's in extent, others covering acres, thickly wooded, and presenting the most charming appearance with rich foliage, conceivable. At limes our vessel passes so close to these islands, that a pebble might be cast on their shores ; while looking ahead, it appears as though further progress was effectually barred, when rounding the points amid winding passages and bays, the way is gradually- opened before us. Again the river seems to come to an abrupt termination. Approaching the threatening shores, a channel suddenly appears, and you are whirled into a Guide. All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide, 211 \ the tourists to I, by daylight, ficent steamers 1 Company, we lerful and beau- JDS. on, and extend over 50 miles, of river islands o wooded and ize and appear- 'SB ox ONE OF TIIK USAND ISLANDS. yar'^g in extent, and presenting rich folia'^fe, ;o close to these I their shores ; :hough further ding the points ly is gradually i to come to an iatcning shores, whirled into a magnificent amphitheatre of lake, that is, to all appear- ance, bounded by an immense green bank. At your approach the mass is moved as if in a kaleidoscope, and a hundred little isles appear in its place. Such is the charming scenery presented on this beautiful route. It is a famous spot for sporting ; myriads of wild fowl of all descriptions may here be found ; and angling is rather fatiguing than otherwise, from the great quantity and size of the fish. On many of these islands summer villas have been built by wealthy and prominent people from the United States, and every year adds to the number of recruits whose vacation is spent amongst these VIEWS AMOXG THE THOUSAND ISLANDS. modern Hesperides, which bid fair to become the camping-out ground of this continent. These islands, too, have been the scene of the most exciting romance. From their great number, and the labyrinth-like channels among them, they afforded an admirable retreat for the insurgents in the Canadian insurrection of 1837, and for the American sympathizers with them, vVho, under the questionable name of *■ Patriots," sought to overthrow the British government in Canada. Among these was one man, who, from his daring and ability, became an object of anxious pursuit bv the Canadian authorities. Here he found a safe B U-l^' W^mM 212 All'Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide, asylum, and through the devoted ness and courage of his daughter, whose skilful management of her canoe was such, that with hosts of pursuers she still baffled their efforts at capture, while she supplied him with provisions in these solitary retreats, rowing him from one place of concealment to another, under the shadow of night. But, in truth, all the islands which are so numerously studded through the whole chain of the magnificent Lakes, abound with materials for romance and poetry, and many are the traditions of the Indians. For instance, on the Manitoulin Islands the Indians believe that the " Manitou," that is the Great Spirit, (and hence the name of the islands), has forbidden his children to seek for gold ; and they tell voa that a certain point where it is reported to exist in i .j . e quantities has never been visited by the disobedient L.dian without his canoe being overwhelmed in a tempest. Opposite the Thousand Islands, and on the American shore, stands the village of Iruide. All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide, 2 1 3 courage of his ler canoe was 11 baffled their kvith provisions 1 one place of dow of night. so numerously he magnificent ce and poetry, Indians. For [ndians believe rit, (and hence his children to 1 certain point ttities has never thout his canoe »■*:' n the American CLAYTON, A delightful place of resort, being situated directly in front of the upper group of ^the Thousand Islands. It contains four churches, a bank and three telegraph offices. There are two celebrated hotels there, the Hubbard House and Walton House. The finest fishing on the River St. Lawrence is found in the immediate vicinity of Clayton ; pike, black bass, pickerel and maskinonge of extra- ordinary size are easily caught there. Experienced and attentive oarsmen, the best of boats, and splendid hotel accommodations render this the favorite resort for fishing parties. All lines of Steamers stop at Clayton. Wagner's Palace Sleeping Cars run through without change from New York in 13 hours, and through cars from Utica in 4 hours. Steamers for Montreal stop at Clayton. ALEXANDRIA BAY Is the next port after leaving Clayton. It is built upon a massive pile of rocks, and its situation is romantic and highly picturesque. It is a place of resort for sportsmen. Some two or three miles below the village is a position from whence one hundred islands can be seen at one view. Undoubcedly the pleasantest part of the Lake of a Thousand Islands lies adjacent to Alexandria Bay, at which are erected the finest hotels in the Islands. The Thousand Island House, one of the largest hotels on the St. Lawrence, is admirably situated on one of the pleasantest islands, and the extensive patronage it re- ceives every recurring season, testifies to the popularity which it has obtained. Last season it passed into |; ,. 214 All-Roimd Route and Panofamic Guide. the hands of Mr. R. H. Southgate, fcrmerly manager of the Windsor Hotel, Montreal, whose prestige has had the effect of increasing its popularity. The Grossman House is also a palatial establishment, and takes front rank as a fashionable resort. All its appointments are in first-class style, and the management of Mr. Cross- man and his son leaves nothing to be desired, and has gained a wide celebrity. Within sight of these hotels are the beautiful lawns of Westminster Park, the hand- some villas of Hayden Island, the commanding situation of Mr. Hart's " Eyrie," the breezy site so dear to the lamented Dr. J. G. Holland, where the anxieties of " Scribner were exchanged, for the nonce, for the lotos existence of " Bonnie Gastle " ; the rugged promontories of Garleton Island, associated with scenes of the early French history of the continent, and many others, named and unnamed, upon which Nature has left her sweetest impress. REDWOOD. This village contains about 800 inhabitants, and is six miles from Alexandria Bay, to which stages run on arrival of the trains. The scenery around Redwood is picturesque and abounds in numerous lakes which aftoid excellent fishing for pike, pickerel, lake trout and various kinds of bass. The American, kept by Mr. M Holkins, is an excellent hoteU We have now passed through the " Lake of a Thousand Islands," and leaving behind us the last of the great chain of lakes, we enter the River St. Lawrence,, and speedily find ourselves at the thriving town of Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 215 BROCKVILLE. 125 miles from Montreal. It is on the Canadian side of the river, and is built on an elevation which rises from the shore in a succession of graceful ridges, oeing one of the prettiest towns in Canada. It received its name in honor of the hero, General Brock, who fell at Queenston in 18 1 2. It was laid out about 1802, and has grqwn rapidly since that date. It contains a number of public buildings, and is largely iuterested in manufactures. The population is about 7900. OGDENSBURG Is situated on the American side of the river. In the year 1748, the Abb^ Francois Piquet, who was after- wards styled the " Apostle of the Iroquois," was sent to establish a mission at this place, as many of the Indians of that tribe had manifested a desire of embracing Christianity. A settlement was begun in connection with this mission, and a fort called " La Presentation," was built at the mouth of the O^wegatchie, on the west side. The remains of the walls of this Fort are still to be seen. In October, 1749, it was attacked by a band of Mohawk Indians, who, although bravely repulsed, succeeded in destroying the palisades of the fort, and two of the vessels belonging to the colony. The Abb6 Piquet retired from the settlement soon after the conquest of Canada, returning to France, where he died in 1 78 1. Ogdensburg has increased rapidly within the past few years, and has now a populalio-, of over 10,000. The Ogdensburg and Lake Chaoiplain Railroad which runs to Lake Chamolain, a distance of one at'. 2l6 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 'lb hundred and eighteen miles, and which connects at Rouse's Point with the railroad to Boston and Montreal, has its terminus here. The New England Transporta- -i( Go's Steamers, formerly known as the Collingwood line, connect here with the Ogdensburg and Lake Champlain Railway. Several otiier railways terminate at Ogdensburg, which is an objective point of the Rome, M'atertown and Ogdensburg R. R., now asserting its claims to consideration as one of the great trunk lines between the east and west. PRESCOTT is situated ofi the Canada side of the St. Lawrence, opposite Ogdensburg, and co' stains 5,000 inhabitants. About a mile below the town of Prescott, at a place called " Windmill Point," are the ruins of an old stone windmill where, in 1837, the ''PatriotJ''''i^under windmill point. Von-Schultz, a'Polish exile, established themselves, but from which they were driven with severe loss. About five miles below Prescott is Chimney Island, on which the remains of an old French fortification is to be seen. The first rapid of the St. Lawrence is at this island. Returning to Prescott, we now proceed on our steamer down the river a few miles, when the descent of Gallopcs Rapids is made, this being the first rapid reached below Prescott. Another rapid is passed Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 217 almost immediately ; this is called Rapide de Plat. The descent of these rapids is made with full head of steam on, yet there is scarcely anything to indicate that our steamer is not pursuing its usual smooth and even course, until, after passing Morrisburg, the tourist will observe our noble steamer increase her speed, thu:> indicating the near approach of the most fascinating and exciting event of the trip. Continuing our journey down the river, the next town on the American side is Waddington ; and in the river over against it, is Ogden Island. On the Canadian side is Morrisburg, which contains about twelve hundred inhabitants. A short distance below Mor isburg, on the Canada side, is Chrysler's Farm, where, in 1813, a battle was fought between the English and the Americans. Thirty miles below Ogdensburg is Louis- ville, from whence stages run to Massena Springs, a place of popular resort and of beautiful surroundings, distant about 7 miles. LONG SAULT. IHE increasing swiftness of the current of the river soon reveals to us the fact, that we are about to enter the first of those remarkable and celebrated Rapids of the St. Lawrence. " Shooting the rapids " (as this portion of the voyage is termed) is a most exciting scene, but no one need fear the undertaking, as fatal accidents have been comparatively unknown. The rapid we now enter is known as the " Long Sault," so called from its extent it being a continuous rapid of nine miles, divided in the centre by an island. The usual passage for steamers is on the south side. The channel on the north side was formerly considered unsafe and dangerous ; 2l8 AU-Rouiid Route and Panoramic Guide, but examinations have been made, and it is now descended with safety. The .passage in the southern channel is very narrow, and such is the velocity of the current that a raft, it is said, will drift the nine miles in forty minutes. BAI'TISTE, AN INDIAN IMLOT, STEERING A STEAMER DOWN THE RAPIDS OF THE ST. LAWRENCE. The first passage made by a .steamer down these rapids was about 1840, and then, under the guidance of a celebrated Indian, named Teronhiahere. The rapids of the " Long Sault " rush along at the rate of something like twenty miles an hour. When the vessel enters within their influence, the steam is shut off, THE RAPIDS All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide. 2\^- and she is carried onwards by the force of the stream along. The surging waters present all the angry appearance of the ocean in a storm; the noble boat strains and labors ; but unlike the ordinary pitching and tossing at sea, this going down hill by water produces a highly novel sensation, and is, in fact, a service of some da'nger, the imminence of which is enhanced to the imagination by the tremendous roar of the headlong, boiling current. Great nerve force and precision are here required in piloting, so as to keep the vessel's head VIEW IX THE LONG SAULT. Straight with the course of the rapid ; for if she diverged in the least, presenting her side to the current, or "broaching to," as the nautical phrase is, she would be instantly capsized and submerged. Hence the necessity for enormous power over her rudder. While descending the rapids a tiller is attached to the rudder itself, so that the tiller can be manned as well as the wheel. Some [idea may be entertained of the force neces- sary to keep the vessel steady, while descending a rapid ^~-~-^^^^^^^^^ ' — -^ when it requires four men RAFT DESCENDING THE RAPIDS. WHCIl IL IC4U1 at the wheel and two at the tiller to ensure safe steermg. » ':, 220 All-Rouiid Route and Panoramic Guide. All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 221 At the head of the rapids is a village of some 500 inhabitants, and known as Dickinson's Landing. Cornwall, a manufacturing town, is below the rapids at entrance to the canal of tlif^ same name. DICKINSON'S LANDING. ENTRANCE TO CORN W AM,. After passing this place, the cour.se of the St. Lawrence is entirely within Her Majesty's dominions. ST. REGIS, an old Indian village, lies six miles below Cornwall, on the opposite side of the river. It contains a Catholic Church which was built about the year i;oo. LAKE ST. FRANCIS is the name of an expansion of the St. Lawrence which begins near Cornwall and St. Regis, and extends to Co^teau du Lac, a distance of forty miles. The surface of this lake is interspersed with a great number of small islands. The village of Lancaster [is situated on the northern side, about midway, of this Lake, COTEAU DU LAC is a small village situated at the foot of Lake St. Francis. The name, as well as the style of the buildings, denotes its French origin. It is also known as St. Ignace, Just below the village are the Coteau Rapids. %^..^M IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 S I.I 2.8 2.5 ^ lis - IAS |||||^ 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 .4 6" - ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716^ 872-4503 V ^-L^ VJ % W \\ ^^O ;\ ^^^ "*?." 222 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. fs , ' % CEDARS. This village presents the same marks of French origin as Coteau du Lac. AlURound Route and Panoramic Guide. 223 The village is situated nearly opposite the Coteau Rapids In the expedition of Gen. Amherst (1759), a detach- ment of three hundred men, that were sent to attack- Montreal, was lost in the rapids near this place. The passage through these rapids is very exciting. There is a peculiar motion of the vessel, which in descending seems like settling down, as she glides from one ledge to another. In passing the rapids of the Split Rock, a CEDAR RAPIDS. person unacquainted with their navigation v.ill almost involuntarily hold his breath until this ledge of rocks, which is distinctly seen from the deck of the steamer, is passed. At one time the vessel seems to be running directly upon it, and you feel certain that she will strike ; but a skilful hand is at the helm, and in an instant more it is passed in safety. BEAUHARNOIS Is a small village at the foot of the Cascades, on the right bank of the river. Here vessels enter the Beauharnois canal and pass around the rapids of the Cascades^ Cedars and Coteau, into Lake St. Louis, a distance of fourteen miles. On the north bank, a branch of the Ottawa enters into the St. Lawrence. The river again widens into a lake called the St Louis. From this place a view is had of Montreal Mountain, nearly thirty miles CASCADES FROM ENTRANCE TO BEAUHARNOIS CANAL. Pro |;<; vn mm [;■ 1: m'l M-. .41 224 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. »:»- t'' ,'■■.'• ■ ff'l » n -< Us CO W < H a Bu. All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide, 225 distant In this lake is an island, beautifully cultivated, and belonging to the Grey Nunnery at Montreal There are many islands in the vicinity of Montreal belonging to the different nunneries, and from which they derive large revenues. LACHINE„ ^ This village is nine miles from Montreal, with which It IS connected by a railroad. It derived its name from he first settlers, who, when they reached this point hought they had discovered the passage which would' lead them to China. The Lachine rapids begin just below the village. The current here is so swift and wild that to avoid It a canal has been cut abound the rapids. This canal is a stupendous work, and reflects much credit upon the energy and enterprise of the people of Canada. Opposite to Lachine is the Indian village of CAUGHNAWAGA, lying on the south bank of the river near the entrance of the Lach^e Rapid^It is said that the Indians who had been converted by the Jesuits, were called " Caughnawagas," o r "Pi-aying Indians." Hence its name. This was probably a misno- mer, for they were dis- tinguished for their pre- CAUGHNAWAGA VILLAGE mij^«ionv-va lui Lucir pre- datory incursions upon their neighbors in the New England Provinces. The Lachine Rapids, which we now enter, are con- m 'T4 •i i'i'tii 111 s •.'; 226 All-Rmmd Route and Panoramic Guide. sidered the most dangerous of the series. They are however, much shorter. Immediately after passing through the rapids, we pass the ancient village of Laprairie, on the south shore of the river. This place is interesting from the fact that the first railway in British North America was constructed from here to St. Johns in 1836. It was first run by horses, then by steam, but was dis- continued on the construction of the road known as the Champlain and St Lawrence Railway, now a portion of the Grand Trunk. A ferry runs from the village to Montreal three times daily. Immediately after passing under Victoria Bridge, we pass the long wharf, used as a railway wharf by the Grand Trunk Railv/ay, prior to the erection of the Bridge. We are now directly opposite the city of Montreal, the commercial metropolis and most important place in the Dominion, and destined to rival the population and prosperity of some of the overgrown cities of the Old World. Before landing her passengers, the steamers run along- side the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company's boat, and as a matter of convenience, transfer those passengers who intend going through to Quebec without remaining over in Montreal. Having described the excitement of shooting the several Rapids, we would inform our tourist that in order to overcome these natural barriers to -iie water communication between Montreal and the Great West, a series of magnificent canals has been constructed by the Government. These canals are of ample dimensions to allow the largest steamers to ascend. We shall now proceed with such of our party as desire to visit the Capital of the Dominion. I -' All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide. 227 »arty as desire MONTREAL TO OTTAWA. Securing tickets at Montreal, by tlie OTTAWA RIVER NAVIGATION COMPANV, the best route is to take tlie train to LachinJ which eaves the Bonaventure Street Depot everrmo nte {Sundays excepted), at 7.00 a. m. o'clock, and hrf w^ have fh « ' "" " "'■'■■• ""y '"'' '^^' ™"te, scLerTof the St 7^°''"""^ "^ -^'"g ^e beautifu wh.ch one or two islets repose, as childhood s eep o^ 2 bTaut:':ahr '"k ''-' -^ ~"^^^' *^ -'"-"S beauty of the scene, but adds grace and loveliness to th! charms, which it vainly strives to hide. It is I^on d,s solved, and the light breeze wh.Vh h, it all away. ^^' 'P''""^ "P- '^^'ries Away we go, stemming the current, until in due time we reach St^ Annes, where are a succession of ralid^ which we avoid by going through a lock. More S ts are here, round which the Ottawa.bubbles and st u^ge po n"::- t K *' ''""^ ^'"^^^ «f Ste. AnneW poses ,n quiet beauty upon the bank. This village i, cons, ered the starting point for the Ottawa Sfb; al orthodox voyageurs. as the last church on the island of Montreal is situated here, and is, moreover, ded it d '■i 228 All-Rotind Route and Panoramic Guide, to their tutelary saint, from whom also the village takes its name. Emerging from the canal, again we enter the Ottawa, having left the St. Lawrence far astern, and after sailing about two miles, we find the shores recede on either hand, to about eight miles wide, and this recession continues for a distance of ten miles ; for we are in the lake of the Two Mountains, so called from two moun- tains on the north side, rising four to five hundred feet from the water. The river divides here into four branches, that which we have just come up, another which diverges towards the north-east, and forms the western boundary of the Island of Montreal, the third called the Dutchman's Chenal and the fourth passing Vaudreuil around the Isle Perrot. There is the Isle Jesus, and beside it Pigeon's Island, on which are the ruins of an Indian village. For the purpose of guarding against the incursions of the Indians, the French built a fort on the Island of Montreal, opposite to the village,, but both village and fort have now fallen into decay, and large trees are growing inside the ruined walls of the latter. This property has been recently bought by the Hon. J. J. C. Abbott, M. P., upon which he has built a beautiful villa, where he passes the summer months. A few miles further on we arrive at ^ fine wharf named Oka, situated in the Indian Village of the Two Moun- tains. This village is inhabited by the remnants of two tribes, the Iroquois and the Algonquins, as the village of Caughnawaga, opposite to Lachine, is by a remnant of the Iroquois. A Roman Catholic Church divides the settlements, as the people are all baptised ?nto that Church. Three or four chapels stand on the mountain side. The highest peak of the Mountain is called Calvary, %i AlURound Route and Panoramic Guide. 229 and on certain religious fetes of the Church it is fre quented by both whites and Indians. On one of the hills at Oka IS visible from the steamer the Monastery of ^' La Trappt:'." which has recently been erected there. The monks of this monastery wear the peculiar dress of the order. They are agriculturists, and have pui chased a large estate near Oka, which they are rapidly trans- posing into the garden-like scenery of Old France The rules of the order of " La Trapp(5 " are very strict.* only male visitors are admitted into the monastery • ladies are stopped at the threshold. The monks are not allowed to converse with one anotlier. They rise at 2 a.m., and breakfast shortly afterwards in silence, and this meal is the one meal of the day ; they retire to rest after prayers at sunset. Now we stop at the villages of Como and Hudson. Both these places are the resort of some of our Montreal friends, who pass the sum- mer months there with their families. At the head of the Lake of the Two Mountains the banks contract, so that the river is not more than half a mile in width, and it con- tinues thus narrow, for about a mile, when there is again an expansion, for the length of nine miles, forming the Upper Lake of the Two Mountains. On the southern bank is the mountain Rigaud, where there is also a settlement of the same name. The river again contracts to the breadth of half a mile, and continues, sometimes broader, sometimes as narrow, until we reach Carillon. Great improvements have been made at this place by the Railway Company, by building new wharves and station houses, and here again the navigation is impeded by rapids. A railroad has been built between the two stretches of navigable water, and by it we arrive at W'' "'. .,- i:;i i 1: ! ^ ■ 1 J- i' ! ^;'':'f^*; 'm rf *• 'J i I 1 230 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Grenville, whence we proceed by steamer, (Captai'rr Bowie,) to L'Original, .seven miles distant. About eight miles from L'Original, situated in the midst ,pf a most charming country, is the celebrated Caledonia Mineral Springs. Returning to our steamer at L'Orignal, after a few pleasant hours sail, we arrive at Ottawa. Ottawa was selected by Her Majesty as the Capital of the Dominion, the chief scat of the Government hav- ing for many previous years been in turn at Montreal,, PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, OTTAWA. Quebec and Toronto. This system was found to work badly, and the jealousy stirred up made it necessary to choose some permanent place, when Ottawa was selected as being most desirable. The Government buildings have consequently been erected here, and very much credit is due not only to the architect who designed these most beautiful buildings, but to the public spirit of the All- Row id Route and Panoramic Guide, 23 1 Legislature, which has found the means of bringing the work to a successful termination. The Parliament Buildings, with the Departmental oflRces, occupy three sides of a square, on a bluff of ground called Barrack Hill, overlooking the river. They contain two Legislative Halls, one for the Senate, the other for the House of Commons ; both being the same size as those provided in the l<:ngHsh Houses of Parliament for the Lords and Commons, and like their originals, very CrrV OK OTTAWA. handsomely decorated and conveniently furnished. The grounds in front of the building are handsomely laid out. A large Library is also provid-d, which at present contains over 75,000 volumes. The buildings are designed in the Italian Gothic style, and constructed of stone found in the neighborhood. When it is stated that the cost was $3,000,000, and the position almost unique, the tourist ought not to lose the opportunity of going there, as they alone are quite worth the delay which ir .'iv ■ . 1 ^ 232 AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, must necessarily be devoted to the sight. The rest of the city, (which is, of course, increasing much, and keeps pace with her sister cities,) is very handsomely and substantially built. Sparks street, the scene of the assassination of the late Hon. T. D'Arcy McGee is close to the Parliamentary buildings and the Russel House. The Rideau Canal (which connects the Ottawa River with Lake Ontario), divides the city near the Parlia- ment Buildings. This canal is excavated at the base of a ravine, over 1 50 feet below the roadway. The upper and lower portions of the city are connected by two bridges, one known as the Sappers' Bridge, the other being a magnificent iron bridge erected by the Corpora- tion, and which leads to the broad avenue on- which the Parliament Buildings stand. The Rideau Canal here falls into the Ottawa, after passing a series of eight massive stone locks. The other chief attractions in the neighborhood of Ottawa are the Chaudiere Falls, considered by very many to rank next in importance, beauty and grandeur to Niagara. They are immediately above the city, at its western exeremity. The width of the greater fall being two hundred feet, while its depth is forty, — the boiling, seething, foaming character of the water giving name to the place. On the northern side is the smaller, or Little Chaudiere, and here the waters, after their leap, seem to go into some subterranean passage, by which they are carried cfif until they appear again at a place called " The Kettles," half a mile lower down. Of course the existence of such a passage is a mere matter of conjecture which we will leave to the study of geologists, and others interested, to determine. These falls are crossed by a All- Round Roitw ami Panoramic Guide, 233 jorhood of fine suspension bridge, which leads to the thriving city of Hull on the opposite shore. Before leaving Ottawa, we ought to pay a visit to one of the Timber Slides, which are tolerably frequent in the upper river. One is erected on the northern bank, and we will here tarry for a moment whilst we watch the fate of one of those huge rafts of hewn wood, down its headlong rush. These water-shoots are erected for the purpose of getting the fallen trees from the higher level down to the /iver at the smallest possible cost, and, wherever water can be obtained in sufficient quantity, this has been done. Where the descent is very steep, these " shoots " are broken up at stated intervals into long straight runs, In order to destroy the impetus which the rafts would naturally acquire. The descent on one of the rafts down the timber slide is a thing only to be attempted by those who possess bold and steady nerves. To say that there is much danger in such an excursion, would be to exaggerate the risk, whilst to say that there is none would be as far from the truth. An application to the " boss " of a gang of raftsmen would, without difficulty, obtain the privilege of a ride down. The population of Ottawa is about 30,000. Returning we arrive at MONTREAL, • the commercial metropolis of the Dominion of Canada, situated upon the south shore of an island (bearing the same name) and at the base of a beautiful eminence, known as Mount Royal, from which both the city and island derive their name. Its population is 150,000. The island is about thirty miles long, and ten broad, and ,,"! Mils 1 234 All-Rctini Route and Panorauiic Guide. ¥■ \ , f'i'i -; %'-■■ El ' > , Ki'Ml*': Jti 2 o M H O O All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 235 is formed by the River Ottawa debouching into the St. Lawrence at its western and eastern extremities, the former near St. Anne's, the latter at Bout de I'lsle. It is famed for the fertiUty of its soil, and is frequently called the " Garden of Canada." The site of the city was first visited by Jacques Cartier in 1535, and at that time, he found a village of Indians situated near the foot of the Mountain. He landed a short distance below the city, at a point still known by the name of the Indian Village, " Hochelaga," When he reached the top of the mountain, to which he was guided by the Indian Chief " Donnacona," he was so struck by the magnificent outlook that he named it in honor of his master, "the Royal Mount." Champlain also visited the site in 161 1, but the village, with its inhabitants, had been swept away, probably by some hostile tribe. A few years ago a large quantity of skeletons and pottery was discovered under buildings on the site of this village. The first settlement was made by the French in 1642. In its early history the city was repeatedly attacked by the Indians, and in 1684 a wooden wall erected for defence. This was replaced in 1722 by a massive stone wall with redoubts and bastions. In 1759, ^vhen Canado was conquered by the British, Montreal had a population of 4,000 souls. The streets were narrow and the houses low. Some of these buildings are still standing, and a walk through the two or three streets still retain- ing their primitive buildings and narrow paths, strongly reminds us of the quaint old towns of Rouen, Caen, and others in Normandy. At the date named, the town was divided into upper and lower town ; the upper part then being the level of the present Court 236 All-Rou7id Raiitc and Panoramic Guide. ' 1 W^r ■V i 'i'f'j iS'l' ;■' 1 ' ! i I , i • } House. In the lower town the merchants and men of business chiefly resided, and here also were the place of arms, the royal magazines, and the Nunnery Hospital The p;-incipal buildings were in the upper town, such as the palace of the Governor, the houses of the chief officers, the Convent of the Recollets, the Jesuits Church and Seminary, the Free School and the Parish Church. In 1775, the city was taken by the American forces under Montgomery. The growth of the city has been exceedingly rapid, and the view, as seen on our approach CANADIAN PACIFIC R. B. OFFICES, PLACE D'ARMES. by steamboat, with Mount Royal for a background, covered with beautiful villas, interspersed here and there with tall spires, is majestic, and for beauty almost unrivalled. The river frontage is almost three miles in length, extending from the Victoria Bridge to the village of Hochelaga. For upwards of a mile it has an excellent stone retaining wall, from the entrance to the Lachine Canal to below the Bonsecours Market, which, with its All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 237 glittering dome, forms one of the most conspicuous objects in the right foreground, and contrasts with the neighboring spire of the Bonsecours Church, one of the oldest churches in Montreal. We think the view from the steamer can scarcely be surpassed, as we sail under the centre tube of the Victoria Bridge, and first view the long array of glittering spires, the lofty towers of the CUSTOM HOUSE. Parish Church of Notre Dame, the well-proportioned tower of the Customs Buildings, and the long unbroken Ime of cut stone flanking the wharf. At the beginning of the present century vessels of more than 300 tons could not ascend to Montreal, its foreign trade was carried on by small brigs and b ,rques, and the freight and passengers were landed upon a low muddy beach. In 1809 the first steam vessel, called the "Accommodation," built by Hon. John Molson. made a trip to Quebec ; she had berths for about twenty passengers. Now behold the contrast that fifty years of mdustry, intelligence, enterprise and labor have produced —ocean steamers of over 5,000 tons : the magnificent I, «\ 'til lj> <>:'^' 1 'IB-'' If «i . I - •• h\* '' ■4. 238 All-RoMid Route and Panoramic Guide, steamers of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company, vieing in splendor and comfort with the far-famed Hudson River boats ; ships from 700 to 2,000 tons, from all parts of the world, lying alongside the wharves of the harbor, which are not equalled on this continent, in point of extent, accommodation, approach and cleanliness. LIVERPOOL AND MONTREAL SCREW STEAMER. The Richelieu Hotel, on St. Vincent St. and Jacques Cartier Square, the old quarter of the city, has the most central situation of any hotel in Montreal. It is within a stone's throw of the steamboat landing and harbor, and adjacent to Jacques Cartier Square with Nelson's Monu- ment, the Court House, City Hall, Bonsecours Market, Place d'Armes, and French Cathedral, all of which are prominent objects of interests to tourists. Mr. I. B. Durocher is a courteous host and admirable manager. Under his progressive management the Richelieu has made rapid strides in the favour of the public, and every year witnesses some improvement and the inauguration of some new plan to increase the comfort of his guests, and add to the popularity of the house. dc. Navigation with the )o to 2,000 ngside the ed on this , approach d Jacques the most is within arbor, and n's Monu- s Market, which are Mr. I. B. manager. lelieu has and every uguration lis guests, ) I ' J 1 , ' i ^ I* mil Pill* f#.' 240 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. The Hotel extends through from St. Vincent St. to Jacques Cartier Square, and has entrances on both. The dining, drawing, and reception rooms are furnished and ornamented in a most tasteful and artistic style, and the bedrooms are most airy and comfortable, and supplied with furniture of the latest design, while the Hotel, generally, presents a first class appearance in every respect. It has accommodation for 400 guests, and its cuisine and attendance are all that can be desired. It is the only first-class hotel in the place which combines the American and European RICHELIEU HOTEL. plans. A feature of the house is the garden and Pavilion on the roof of the house, from which a fine panorama of the city is obtained, and the fresh breezes from the river intercepted. The principal street of the city is St. James street, on which there are some of the finest buildings. The new Post-ofiice at the corner of St. Francois .Xavier street, stands prominently out, and alongside it is the well-known hotel, the St. Lawrence Hall, whose prestige has reflected credit upon the city, and whose I All.R„„„d Route ami Panoramic Guide. 24 , history is coincident with thnt nt ti.„ trea.. It was opened ilfe" It^rr^'it^'Td- lore time, and at once, notwithstanding- the Pff^.f r a host or^ v^ral^X:'?'-''-' ''-c.uiHn, i street, on ST. LAWRENCE HALL. Passing down the same side of the street the fir-. On the opposite corner, across the street, is an eauallv fine bu,ld,„g, the Molsons Bank-, which has two LmaS or facades built of Ohio sandstone. The shaftso fh columns of the portico on the St. James treet Ln of pohshed Peterhead granite. A little further up the str et on the same side is ..Barron's Block," and he bu. dmgsput up by the City and District Sav ngTLnk and the Canada Life Assurance Company ; they t. fea ,y K^flHf n4 1 WmB ' ' ^ '»(, BafiUBn r' ro ' ■ ■ ''"i •'. ! 1 f-^Jr '.()•>. '' 'M-. fmi ' 1 ;. r'l ■ J'-- I I I fj]^ ' yr^ 4 I "!<' ! h'> i': 242 All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide. worthy of any city in the world, and are evidences of the substantial growth and prosperity of Montreal. Turning down St. Peter street, past Molsons Bank» upon the left, is a very handsome block, " Caverhill." These stores are not surpassed by any in British North America. They are six stories in height. The front is an elaborate composition in the Italian Palazzo style, bold in character. Near the foot of St. Peter street runs, right and left, St. Paul street, wherein are congregated nearly all the principal wholesale dry goods and hardware stores. This street is a credit to the great enterprise of Montreal, and is symbolic of the wealth of the city. Passing along St. Paul street we enter McGill street, on the corner of which stands the Dominion DOMINION BUILDINGS. Buildings, and directly opposite- is the Albion HoteU which for the past twenty years has been favorably known to travelers from all parts of the globe. Proceeding up that street we next approach Victoria Square with its bronze statue of the Queen, and its playing fountains. Near its entrance are the Albert de, vidences of :real. >ons Bank' 'erhill." in British ight. The an Palazzo Peter street herein are ft dry goods D the great ; wealth of Iter McGill Dominion ion HoteU favorably :h Victoria m, and its :he Albert AU-Round Rouu aud Pauoramic Guide. 243 Buildings, while directly across fh. "*"-- -"idin, or LhiclcItrLrrnU VO^O ME»'» CB«,..,., X«««,u™7 „„,„„„ 244 All'RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide. 5* ' •^1 "'"^ ■'''">«' the ri^ht the Victor^ hI; Z , T"'; ^"""'■■"^■- '<> L.-.p-,n-e, „,th it, gl,ttei':;fer h "b ',•'" "'"■•■"'^ °' Lachine, the blue hills of Vermon 1 ^ r '^ '^^'^' "^ -to the left the beautiful ":'"f St' ^T '^''^-'^'^' with trees, clothed in the nmuH ! "' ~''"^'' villages of St. La,„bert nd L™""?^ °' ''-"^^■^' '^c studded with Islands untiHt V^"'"'' ""'' "^^ "ve-- village of Verch^res ^"very course is lost at the «nt " M^ntrr otihf "^^^"'^^^■^' -"- buildings in the eity ■ i I bui t f r ""P°-^'"g P'-bHc style is pure Corinfhhn Ad .°' '"'. ''■"-«'""«. and its the Canadian Pacmc R iUvav'?, "'^;' "" "''^ °«"' °f cut stone front and coi,T'fo 1"'^ '"'"'"S with °f the City Bank ' "'""^"'^ "^« headquarters an°r it"tn1 It^ ? '^^ ""-^ «-^. office. The former is built of Si ?"" '''""P''"^'' ■-pretty pieee of st^ t L^htrre "o ' 7""^°"' hand side is a fine bloek called Mu'\ ?," "'^ "g'^' fourth flat is occupied hv II u ''"'''''"g'*- The Freemasons. NeT ts ^L ! "''""^ ^''^'^^"'•'y °f CartierBank. The ce ,trlof ^ '^'■'"' Building-Jacques garden with a fine Cll '"""' " '^''' ™' «^ ^ Proceeding up Notre Dame street n,. . ■ a somewhat dilapidated Column k "''' Monument. As httle .=, ' "°*" ''^ kelson's its Preservatiota hee 1?:^'°^^"^^'°"^'' "P"" choice of its position F '™^/*^te shown in the first pos,t,on. Formerly the jail stood opposite, 246 AU-Rmnd Rpute and Panoramic Gnide, \' . \'. I. , . fS../! Al,.Ro,u,d Ronu a,„i Pa,.ora„nc Guide. 247 '^x.A u;, r ^^ "IS lavorite element, " water " in height, co„tni„i„s a 1 , c jud hrv' T "^'"'^ the Prothonotary. office -.ni^t?^ 7'1' "' "'*-'" '•'^ There is in it a very ^uZ' CZ:t^'fT'- ^pwards or 6,000 volun... Adjliljr He r'a';? Hall, a most imposing structure, in the liWu Ita hn T 7 ground was used by the British fr„ ""*:"^'^'=''- This in Canada, '™°''' "•'"^" quartered The old buildino-s dfrprfl.r k« j i were erected in ^7^^ Tnfi ^T, '^' "'°""'"^nt Government House Here t '' 7' ""'' '' ' occupation of the cit; by th! A "' """"« '^' w...- • T^ ^ ^ ^"^ Americans the ceIehrnf^r^ Benjamin Franklin, Charles CarrnI n,.^ c .'^^'^^^^^ the Commissioners of cltresrhll'^l ""^ '''''''' war, and beneath its rotr^" fir-t • '•"' '""""'^ ^' used in Montreal L. . ^'''"^'"^ P''"^^ ^^^«' The bui,ding'ir'nor.r Jas ^^r/.t^'f l^ Slfr- '^'^^'■"^ '"^ cha.:;s:rs -r :: o7th/« '^;P-'"-""'="' °f 'he Don,inion, On the slope McG.ll College, whde lower down, on University street . . ■•f;*!^ u^i 1^ >ft hA Kfa- I * \t V ^^'! ^v>' .11'^ J 248 All- Round RpHic and Panoramic Guide. is the Museum of the Natural History Society. Here the touri-^t can gain information relative to the zoology and ornithology of Canada ; and to tho.e who are disciples of Isaac VVa-ton, the curator can give any ii:formation regarding the fishing grounds. The English Cathedral (Episcopal), on St. Catherine street, is by far the most perfect specimen o"" Gothic architecture in America. It is well worthy a visit. The streets in this neighborhood are studded with churches— Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Wesleyan, and Episcopalian— each tending to make the ecclesias- tical architecture of the city worthy of comparison with the many public buildings with which Montreal abounds. A new Catholic Cathedral is being erected corner of Dorchester and Cathedral streets, to be second only in the world to St. Peter's at Rome, and after the same design. The Church of the Jesuits on Bleury street is a very imposing edifice. The interior is covered with frescoes of incidents in the lives of our Saviour and His Apostles. Erskine Church and Knox Church (Presbyterian) are two fine specimens ot modern Gothic. The Weslevan Church, Dorchester street, with its graceful spire forms a conspicuous object, though its dimensions are over- topped by the large American Presbyterian Church adjoining it. WINDSOR HOTEL. This building is designed after the style of the famous " Potter Palmer " Hotel in Chicago, and by the same architect. The furniture and appointments are most All-Round Route aud Panoramic Guide. 249 costly and luxurious, and the house contains everything proper to a first-class hotel. No expense has been spared to make it the Palace Hotel of the Dominion. Q JEEN's Hall, situated on St. Catherme Street, is a fine block, and has the finest hall in the city. ?'^ 'IBB ' \ A little further westward on St. Catherine street is a pretty little Gothic church (Episcopalian), dedicated to St. James the Apostle, and beyond that again stands n ''i\ w < V' P' 'l t) ','• , ^^ 'ii yf i^, *) .1 250 All- Round F,oHtc and Panoramic Guide. the large Roman Catholic Seminary, on the Priests* farm. Here is a beautiful chapel, well worthy of s CATHOLIC SEMINARY. inspection. The grounds and gardens attached to the Seminary are well laid out. Returning from the Seminary by Guy street, we visit the celebrated Grey Nunnery, founded in 1642. This GREY NUNNERY. new edifice covers an immense area, and the chapel and wards of the nunnery are annually visited by thousands AU-Ro,md Route and Panoramic Guide. 25 r of tourists. The old nunnery near the river, so lon» the centre of attraction, from its quaint app;arance\nd solemn-looking walls, has given way to beautTfu ware' houses and stores, which line the streets opened thrluS. ■ts former spacious gardens. A visit to the Res rvo Mew of the city may here be obtained. From these rom the St. Lawrence, about a mile and a half above the Lach,ne Rapids, where the elevation of the rivir Thtw^e fr' '' '"' ^""'^^ '"^ "--^^ of Montreal The Wheel-house at the termination of the Aqueduct is worthy of notice. The water is admitted to and ^sc arged from this building through submerged arch Xove and hT't r'""™"' P^-'^^es, extending above and below the building. There are two iron rS:rt°s "' '"■"'•'" ^"' ^° '''' "^^'^ -'* ---" n„ ety thousand square feet, 206 feet above the harbor w,th a depth of 25 feet. The length is 623 feet with a breadth of :73. formed into two reservoirs by a diT!*: _^a i. The two contain about fifteen million gallons Total cost of aqueduct, machinery, -pumping main and reservoirs, over $2,000,000. With the power here supplied the Fire Department are enabled to hold in check any threatening conflagration, and their efriciency ..s mcreased by the Fire Alarm Telegraph, which has proved a thorough success. The chief office is in the City Hall, from which it has connections with upwards of 98 boxes, the church bells, several public clocks, the Observatory and Water works. [",»|r*""1 252 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide, "•!>. ■1 ^1^ kHh H>U iff ■", i 1 4: THE VICTORIA BRIDGE ought to be visited. Visitors are allowed to examine the first tube without an order, and as they are all alike, to see one tube is to see all. The Bridge is a wonderful structure, and reflects as much credit on the successful builders as upon the original designers. The tube through which the trains pass rests upon twenty-four piers, and is about a mile and a quarter long. The piers are all at a distance of 242 feet, with the exception of MONTREAL AND VICTORIA BRIDGE. the two centre piers, which are 330 feet; upon these rests the centre tube, which is 60 feet above the summer level of the St. Lawrence. At the centre of the bridge is an opening, from which there is a magnificent view of the river. The bridge is approached by two massive embank- ments, the one on the Montreal side being 1,200 feet, and that on the south shore 800 feet in length ; which together, including the abutments, make the total length of the bridge 9,084 feet, or a mile and three quarters nearly. The abutments are each, at the base, 278 feet long, and are built hollow, having eight openings or cells, 48 feet in length, and 24 feet in width, separated by cross- J^ All- Round Route aud Panoramic Guide. 2 5 3 sTream ,t;' '" "'''"r ''''' '''"'^-«-" - *c down- in ThTl. "'? "'"^'^ P-Pendicular, and is seven feet m thickness ; that on the up-stream has a slope fron ' its r andThe""""''' ^ ^^ *'"^'^"^^^ "^ ">^ ^'^ - feet, and they present a smooth surface to facilitate the operat,on of the ice, on which account its form l^ad bl thus determmed. To insure greater resistance to the pressure of the ice, the cells are filled up wi h e.r«, TaLd:" ''''-'' "^ ''-' "- -'" -- -si;:t feet above th"'"'"'' '" ^°"'' """P"''" "' ^'«"- 36 o feet o"th ""'"" ?'" '"'''■ '"" °^ 'he width of 30 feet on the upper surface, formed with a slope of one heiv.^.rsiit T: ''"' °' *^ *-■"' -"^ ' "''r shelving slope of about 2'/, to one on the upper side -the slopes are faced with stones set on edge at al' average angle of about 45°. ^ ""' The piers are solid, and constructed, as well as masonry, la,d m horizontal courses measuring from 7 to .2 feet on the bed, and from 3 feet .0 inchetto ° Lt 6 inches thick above the water level, and then v" ;yt •nto a course of .8 inches under the plates. The stones were cut with the greatest exactnes^ seldom tJiX: 7 tLT r ''"'" '""^ ''"■ ^'-y -'g>^ f^" o AuT '^f '^'''^" *'^''^'" °f ^^'h stone is 10^ tons AM the beds and vertical joints are square, dreid i the most efficient and workmanlike manner- the externa face rough, and without any pick or too marks but with the natural quarry face preserved. ' Ihe string-courses and copings are fair-nicked dressed throughout and neatly poiiued and weatheted < "ll •s if :'" •rt! , 254 All-Romid Route and Panoramic Guide. and a tool draft, eight inches wide, on each quoin. Each course of the ice-breaker is secured with fox-wedged bolts of 1% inch iron, which pass through into the second ana third courses under it, and the horizontal joints are cramped together with iron cramps 12x5 inches through which the bolts pass. The description of stone used is a limestone of the Lower Silurian order, and known under the Geological erm of Chazy. The average height of the piers above the summer water level is 48 feet, gradually rising from a height of 36 feet at the abutments to 60 feet at the centre pier, giving a grade of . in ,32, or 40 feet to the mile. The centre span is level. Each pier is furnished w-th a solid cut-water or ice-breaker, which forms a portion of the pier itself. They are of a wedge form, and slope from their foundations upwards, terminating m an angle, 30 feet above the summer level of the river The dimensions of the pier at the junction with the cut- water are 16x48 ft., but the whole transverse side of a pier at the foundation, including the cut-water, which extends up the stream, is 16x90 feet The foundations, of course, vary; some are as low as 20 feet below the water. The whole of the ashlar is laid in hydraulic cement m the proportion of one part sand to one part cement. The backing from the level of the surface of water upwards IS in common mortar. The piers are calculated to resist a pressure of seventy thousand tons The important part this bridge plays in the uninter- rupted transportation of the Western traffic with that of the hastern States-Boston, Portland, etc., need not be dilated on. It is more than commensurate with its 'dc. uoin. Each bx-wedged h into the horizontal 2x5 inches 3ne of the Geological >iers above ising from set at the feet to the furnished 1 forms a dge form, rminating the river. 1 the cut- side of a er, which as low as : cement^ cement. of water alculated uninter- ^ith that leed not with its An.Rou„d Route aud Panoramic Guide. 255 or Which cannottte^Sr ■"""■■-•-■ ""^ -'- Mountain ..a„crSrR:r t";^ ""T' '"^ we leave the City by St. Wence'M^Se^ '"""'' on our way, near the City limit, L irll ' ^''""^ surmounted by a beautifnl H ^" '"""^"^'' structure Dieu," a Cc-st^r an^ Ho i,tr ThJ h^ t "^ " ""^' P___^^^^ ^ospital. The buildmg with its HOTEL DIEU. '•"^ to the'beautTr.Mo^T.lrrr"' '^'' '""- restinsf-place of th^ P f ^''' Cemetery," the the ,™u„r :,, oiiT"' tr' °' ''''"'"^^'' -^ cen,eteries of the oTwtrr IV^l' ''^ "'^'^^'^' Cemetery adjoins the Mount Rn ^ ;""'" ^"''°'''^ by the road leading t! t^^ ^ ' '"'' '' approached The drive on wh h ' e h ''^°'"' "'" "^ "^^ ^°""'«'"- one. A fine view i, I ';""^''^' " ■•• ^"'y ^^'-ghtful des NeigeTLro" thf T"!. °' "'^ ^^'^-^ ^™™ C6te ges, across the island to the " Back- River," or A , i 256 All-Rouud Route and Pauommic Guide. • Ottawa, with its numerous hamlets, convents and churches ; and for a picnic commend us to the Priesfs Island, close to the old mill of the rapids, Sault au RecoUet, a delightful spot, and where, during the season, a good day's fishing is to be had. The drive to Lachine will prove of the greatest interest. The Lower Lachine Road leads along the bank of the St. Lawrence, and during the drive there may be seen the steamer descending the rapids. To points beyond the island of Montreal, a favorite trip ib that to Beloeil Mountain, near St. Hilaire. The latter is a station on the Grand Trunk Railway, about 18 miles from Montreal, where several trains stop during the day, Situated on a high table rock, near the sumt mit of the mountain, is the " Iroquois House," a hotel kept in first-class style by the Campbell Bros., and a most fashionable place of resort. Near it is a beautiful httle lake, formed in a hollow of the mountain, and three miles in circumference, where fishing, boating and bath- ing may be enjoyed. The location is most healthy, and the views in every direction most charming. The accommodation at the hotel is very complete, and every attention given to the comfort and grati-' fication of those who patronize the " Iroquois." This mountain is the centre of great interest to the French Canadian Catholics. On the road are, at intervals, wooden crosses having inscriptions referring to our Saviour's journey to Mount Calvary, and on the summit of the mountain are the ruins of a chapel erected some years ago. From these ruins, about 1,400 feet above the river, a splendid panoramic view of the country for 60 miles round may be had. idc, ivents and the Pries fs h Sault au the season, ic greatest along the irive there ds. a favorite lairc. The vay, about top during r the sum- e," a hotel ros., and a a beautiful , and three and bath- t healthy, charming, complete, and grati- Iroquois." jst to the 1 are, at ferring to id on the el erected ,400 feet V of the "'gfit, except Sunday, during the time th,^ • ■s open. Any traveller preferrin.. th. I . """ff««°" take the trains, either the North sh Tt '°'"' ''" 'o . Quebec, or the G^d ^7 ^^^ """' arnve .Point Levis, opposite " the" AnS^^p.-^? 258 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. S <.i- i9. -,2 All-Rowid Route and Panoramic Guide. 259 (as Qucbccers are fond of styling their city,) whence 1 steam ferry will soon convey them across the rive" or by the trains of the North Shore railway, which nm down the North side of the river. To many, howeJer the most agreeable route is that selecte^ ^^----^> which flutterj^ the tops of poles. Thus, when se;eral of these rafts are grappled together, forming, as it were, a floating island of timber, the sight is extremely picturesque ; and when the voices of I these hardy sons of the forest and ' the stream join in some of their Canadian boat songs, the wild music, borne by the breeze along the water, — ,, has a charming effect. Many of CANADIAN BOATMEN, these rafts may be seen lying in the Coves at Quebec, ready to be shipped to the difterent parts of the world. We now come within sight of the « Gibraltar of America " as the fortified city we are approaching has been called. QUEBEC. |AVING landed, our first course is to proceed to a hotel. On this point our choice would be the St. Louis, owned by the Russell Hotel Co The tourist or man of business will have no trouble in making his way to the well-known St. Louis Hotel, where he will always be greeted in such a hospitable and home-like way that he feels comfortable and at his ease at once. The St. Louis Hotel takes the lead in the hotel business here, and is kept by the Russell Hotel Company, whose president is that well-known veteran hotel proprietor H mm Rf''^ r ■ HB';i:' I'-' 1 '1 , »;> *■■"' ■ Iv ' l^i' 4 1"" 1^/ 1 y," » t i |i > 7 ^^1 i 264 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. Willis Russell. Esq., whose name is a sufficient guarantee that patrons of the St. Louis Hotel will always receive the best of accommodation. This Hotel is situated un the principal thoroughfare of the city, St. Louis street, surrounded by the most delightful and fashionable pro- menades, etc. For us to enumerate the distinguished people who have made the St. Louis Hotel their home during the past ten years would be almost like publishing the names of the celebrated persons who have visited the city during that period. ST. LOUIS HOTEL. At this house the tourist will find himself at home and surrounded by every comfort he possibly can desire, and we are quite satisfied that his experience will be like our own, and lead to oft-repeated journeys to the old city. Quebec, until recently the capital of United Canada, is situated on the north shore of thp St. Lawrence, in lat. 46 deg. 48 min. north, and long.71 deg. 15 min. west from Greenwich. It was founded by Champlain, in 1608, on the site of an Indian village, called Stadacona,. It is the second city in the Province, and has a popula- J ie. guarantee •eceive the ;d on the uis street, lable pro- inguished eir home >ublishing isited the All-Rotind Route aud Panor •ainic Guide. 26s, ome and 1 desire, 1 be like old city. Canada, ence, in lin. west •lain, in xdacona.. popula- 266 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. . % Hf ^.' til] (• 1 If 'I I •I -t.< tion of about 65,000. The form of the city is nearly that of a triangle, the Plains of Abraham forming the base, and the Rivers St. Lawrence and St. Charles, the sides. It is divided into two parts— Upper and Lower Towns. The Upper Town is strongly fortified, and includes within its limits the Citadel of Cape Diamond, which is the most formidable fortress in America. The Lower Town is built upon a narrow strip of land which runs at the base of the Cape, and of the high grounds upon which Upper Town stands; and the suburbs of St. Roch's and St. John's extend along the River St. Charles, and to the Plains of Abraham. Quebec was taken by the British and Colonial forces in 1629, but restored to France in 1722. It was finally captured by Wolfe in 1759, and together with all the French possessions in North America, was ceded to Great Britain by the treaty of 1763. Quebec, including the City and suburbs, contains 174 streets, among the principal of which are the following : St. John Street, which extends from Fabrique street to St. John's Gate in the Upper Tow^n, and is occupied chiefly by retail stores; St. Louis Street, a handsome and well-built street, extending from the Place d'Armes to the old St. Louis Gate, and occupied principally by lawyers' offices and private dwellings. D'Auteuil Street faces the Esplanade and the grounds where the military were drilled, and is an elegant street mostly of private dwellings ; Grand Alice or St Louis Road, out- side St. Louis Gate, and leading to the Plains of Abraham, is a pleasant and beautiful street, on which are many elegant villa residences ; St. John Street with- out, is also a fine street, occupied by shops and private 5 nearly ling the rles, the 1 Lower ed, and iamond, a. The J which grounds )urbs of iver St. bee was 629, but ured by French Great ins 174 llowing : itreet to )ccupied indsome d'Armes )ally by 'Auteuil lere the ostly of id, out- lains of 1 which et with- private AlURound Route and Panoramic Guide. 267 dwellings. The principal street in the Lower Town is bt. Peter, on which, and on the wharves and small streets which branch from it, most of the banks, insurance com- panies, and merchants' offices are situated The fur trade of Quebec is very large,* and has for many years employed thousands of dollars capital, and hundreds of men. The firm of G. R. Renfrew & Co ^'J\ fT7"': ^"'"''^ ""''"''^y "PP°^'^^ ^^e Roman Catholic Cathedral, are the most extensive dealers in furs in Quebec, as well as Canada. They are the oldest house in this branch of business, having been established in Quebec for a great many years, and having ever main- tamed the best reputation for fair dealing and reiiabihty in representing their goods. This firm import and manu- facture all of their own goods, among which are to be found the choicest Russian and Hudson Bay Sables Canada Mini, Ermine, Grebe, Fancy Furs, a'nd So^^h Sea Seal goods of all kinds and forms. They also keep a large assortment of Indian Curiosities, and are the most fashionable Hatters in Quebec. All their goods U^itirStlT^' ^^^^ ''-' ''- '-'- '-'^ - ^'^ The Citadel, on Cape Diamond, is one of the most nteresting objects to visitors. The area embraced within the fortifications of the Citadel is more than forty acres. Ihe line of fortification, enclosing the Citadel and the Upper Town is nearly three miles in length, and the guns with which they are mounted are mostly thirty- two and forty-eight pounders. Until the past few years there were five gates to the city, three of which, Prescott. Pajace and Hope gates, communicated with the Lower Town, and two of which. St. Louis and St. John's gates 268 All-Rotiud Route and Panoramic Guide, Pi w' '•I -I vl .?'|i '1 communicated with the suburbs of the same name. About three quarters of a mile from the city are four Martello Towers, fronting the plains of Abraham, and intended to impede the advance of an enemy in that direction. Durham Terrace, in UpperTown is a platform commanding a splendid view! of the river and the Lower Town. It occupies the site of the old castle of St.' Louis, which was burnt in 1834, and was erect- ed by a nobleman whose name it bears. The Public Garden fronts on Des Carrieres Street, Up- per Town, and contains an elegant monument, which was erected to the memory of Wolfe and Montcalm, in face of the citadel, quebec, 1827. The height of this monument is 65 feet; its design is chaste and beautiful, and no stranger should leave Quebec without visiting it. The Place d'Armes is an open piece of ground, around which the old chateau of St. Louis, the Government offices, the English Cathedral, and the old Court House are situated. li-' ''iii 11 ';M'B'' ';l .-\i All.Rou„d Route and Pauoramic Guide. 269 beh ccn D Autcuil Street and the ramparts. The Ro„„„ Catholic Cathedral, which fronts upon the tt>re T^' ""^ "° ^'■"'" P-^^n-ons to archi- lecture The mtenor is handsomely fitted up, and has wonw 'r •""""■'•'■^ '^ '''^ "'" "''''"'' "■''-' ■•- -' Tons ,: ''r""T- ^"^ ^''"^^'' -'" -^' 4,000 per. sons. It has a good organ. St. l.atriel<'s Church on St. Helen Street, Upper Town ,s a neat and comfortable building, and is capa ble of seating about 3,000 persons. • '^ in the St'^R ?."""k°'V^' ^°"'''" '"' '^""-h streets, in he St. Roch s suburbs, is a large and commodiou bu, Idmg and will seat 4,000 persons. There are seve°ra good paintings in this church. The Church of Notre Dame des Victoires, on Notre Dame Street, .s one of the oldest buildings L the city fortably fitted up, and will seat over 2,000 persons. Protestant Churches. Street' ^t"^!"' ^.f '''"' '■■' '''"'"''' '^'='— Garden Street, St Ann Street, and the Place d'Armes, Upper wn irbet'^ ' ^"'^""^ "'''"''' '35 by 75 feet,Tnd u.ll seat between 3,000 and 4,000 persons. This church :ryfi::;:r''""°^'''^^^-"---^'^' Trinity Church, situated on St. Nicholas Street, Upper St Peter r'. T- '"'""■•" ''-"^^■"ely decorated. St. Peters Chapel is situated on St. Vallier Street 2/0 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guid t * St. Roch's, and is a neat, plain structure, which seats about 500 persons. St Paul's or The Mariner's Chapel is a small building near Diamond Harbor, designed principally for seamen. St. Andrew's Church, in connection with the Church of Scotland, is situated on St. Ann Street, Upper Town. The interior is well fitted up, and will seat 1,300 persons St. John's Free Scotch Church is situated on Francis Street, Upper Town. It is a neat plain structure, and will seat about 600 persons. The Wesleyan Chapel, on St. Stanislaus Street is a handsom^ Gothic building erected in 1850. The in- ■ terior is well fitted up, and it has a good organ. It will seat over 1,000 persons. The Wesleyan Centenary Chapel is situated on D'Ar- tigny Street, and is a plain but substantial edifice. The Congregational Church, on Palace Street, Upper Town, is a neat building of cut-stone, erected in 1841, and will seat about 800 persons. The Baptist Church, on St. Ann St., Upper Town is a neat stone building, and will accommodate 450 persons. The other principal buildings worthy of notice are : The Hotel Dieu, hospital and church, which front on Palace Street, Upper Town, and, connected with the cemetery and garden, cover an area of about ten acres. The buildings are spacious and substantial, and the hospital has beds for about sixty sick persons. The General Hospital is situated on ^.iver St. Charles, in the St. Roch's ward. The hospital, convent, and church are a handsome quadrangular pile of stone buildings, well adapted to the purpose for which they are designed. The Ursuline Convent, situated on Garden Street, J'^'Jiil seats All.Rou„d Rmc a„d Panoramic Guide ,7 ^ are or .assL g.y^Ce^:: th't S'T;; ^^^^f rang e, and have a fine garden in the re^r ' ''"'''- 'ne Court House and thf. r;f„ u n stone buildings situated qPt^ ' ■""'^ ™''=^tantial adapted tt,-~^:;-^^^^^^ building, and cost a'bou ^^o It i *"""'? ^'""^ -ation.^^^ and emigrants and k n k .-r , ^ °^ sailors stories Tf beautiful stone buildinjr of four ar.oL:i™^.;t^r"^'---"-' enclosed in a park'l/s'^r L'o ^ ""^^ ''""'"■"^' The Music Hall is i h.n^ ■'■•tuated on St. Louis LL^rXowr""^ "'"- and the key of the St ttrfnt ' Oulb '^' ^'"^"^^' possess interest of n^ ""^«"<^e--guebec must ever formed tourbts iZ "^ '""^^'^^ ^^ "^"-n- y crowning the summit of a lofty cape, must 2/2 All-Roimd Route afid Panoramic Guide, it ■ ■"<; ■se - i.:--i 1^ V •#1' . necessarily be difficult of access ; and when it is remem- bered how irregular is ih^i plateau on which it stands, having yet for thoroughfares the identical Indian paths of Stadacona, or the narrow avenues and approaches of its first settlers, in i6o8, it would be vain to hope for regularity, breadth and beauty in streets, such as modern cities can glory in. It is yet in its leading fea- tures a city of the 17th century-- a quaint, curious, drowsy, but healthy location for human beings ; a cheap place of abode. If you like a crenelated fort with loop- holes, grim-looking old guns, pyramids of shot and shell, such is the spectacle high up in the skies in the airy locality called the Upper Town. Some hundred feet below it, appears a crowded mart of commerce, with vast beaches, where rafts o( timber innumerable rest in safety, a few feet from where a Avhole fleet of Great Easterns might float securely on the waters of the famed- river. On the plains of Abraham stands Wolfe's Monu- ment close to the spot where the immortal British hero expired, and near to che well from which water was pro- cured to moisten his parched lips. A few minutes more bring one to Mr. Price's Villa, Wolffield, where may be seen the rugged path up the St. Denis burn, by which the Highlanders and the English soldiers gained a foot- ing above, on the 13th September, 1759, : — destined to revolutionize the new world, the British being guided by a French prisoner of war, brought with them from England, (Denis a^ Vitre, an cid Quebecer,) or possibly by Major Stobo, who had, in 1758, escaped from a French prison in Quebec,and returned to his countrymen the English, accompanying Saunders' fleet to Quebec. The tourist next drives past Thornhill, Sir Francis t is rcmem- h it stands, lian paths of )aches of its hope for ts, such as leading fea- nt, curious, gs ; a cheap t with loop- )t and shell, in the airy -Uidred feet nerce, with able rest in 2t of Great f the famed < )lfe's Monu- 3ritish hero ter was pro- inutes more ere may be 1, by which ined a foot- destined to 1 guided by them from or possibly 3ed from a :ountrymen to Quebec. Sir Francis WAP CIFTHE LOWER 5^ LAWRENCE 1 ■'tn 1 ' 11" [tiKHl §1 ! * -f. f^-. i' "h l>'\ f] '-.'A All-Rotcnd Route and Panoramic Gtdde. 273 "There he not only loved to hve. but would Hke to S ».«^ .«-c,„„,, B.L.,,, k;„^^^ f«»- yj^^K^^^mjtifcEfc M,.d.. B.„i. i™; after a nine miles" drive, Redclyffe closes the rural landscape. Red- ^^y^Q is on the top of the cape of Cap Rouge, where many indications yet mark the spot where Roberval's ephemeral colony wintered as far back as 1541. The visitor can now return to the city by the same road, or select the St. Foy road, skirting the classic heights months^after the first battle pf the Plains, lost the second! 274 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 28th April, 1760 — the St. Foy Church was then oc- cupied by the British soldiers. Next comes Holland House, Montgomery's head-quarters in 1775, behind which is " Holland Tree," overshadowing, as of yore, the graves of the Hollands. The tourist shortly after observes the iron pillar, sur- mounted by a bronze statue of Bellona, presented in 1855 by Prince Napoleon Bonaparte, intended to com- memorate this fierce struggle. In close proximity appears the bright parterres or umbrageous groves of Bellevue, Hamwood, Bijou, West- field and Sans Bruit, the dark gothic arches of Findlay Asylum, and the traveller re-enters by St. John Suburbs, with the broad basin of the St. Charles and the pretty Island of Orleans staring him in the face. Drive down next 'to see Montmorenci Falls, and the little room which the Duke of Kent, Queen Victoria's father occupied in 179 1. A trip to the Island of Or- leans, in the ferry, will also repay the trouble ; it costs very little ; half an hour of brisk steaming will do it. Cross to St. Joseph, Levis, per ferry steamer, and go and behold the most complete, the most formidable, as to plan, the most modern earthworks in the world. Drive to Lake Beauport, to luxuriate on its red trout, then to the Hermitage, at Charlesbourg. Step into the Chateau Bigot ; sit down like Volney, amidst the ruins of Palmyra, and meditate on the rortiantic though unhappy fate of dark-eyed Caroline, Bigot's Rosamond.* You imagine you have seen every thing ; not so, my friend ! * You will peruse Caroline's pathetic tale in that repository of Canadian lore, Maple Leaves, which you will find a trusty guide for objects without the city. At the beauti- ful residence of the author of that work (Mr. T. M. Le Moine) may be seen many relics of old (Quebec, and no one more ready than bi to impart information on the interesting events of early Canadian History, in the knowledge of which few are so well acquainted. All.Ro„„d Rouu and Panoramic Guide. 375 ct rbLS::a^°:r,^°: r.-pp--- ^^^^^^^, on the grant y.u leCto visit the°ef'"^ ^'°^'"^'"' "'" ^^^'^^ his residence, raLTb; M n X^.^-'hworks '^^''-d priateiy called Ringfield h " 'h W '^^^~'° "PP^" the evening ag,.eeabVt the Morrircon '""" 'r^'^"'' rooms of the Litenru.^H u ''S'^' '"'he cosy early, P^epawt^ ^S^fr-' f^^'^;-'' -^^e morrow. '"^ <>™at campaign of the Here ,7"°^" ^'""•''•' ■^'^ "IE Lakes! Here are a few of them ■ T „i. ^ , ■ P'nlifpe, Lake yaun'e, sZhaCuc Bl T' """" o:st, Lac Vincent, Lac T/ltf /a'''%^''' ""f- McKen.ic, Lac Sagamitc LakeR r "' ^"^ an within a few hlrTlve " Ou h ^T'" exception of Snow Lake IM T ^ "' *'"' 'he -out weighing froL'fiL t' :r LTar St' r ^"t and Snow Lake during the winter mon«L '^ ■"'"'"' watered by the ;ac;^S:r;i-^^^^^^^ LAKE ST. JOHN tTe wlaUroT'"- /^'"-'^-heen most lavish with tne wealth of varied scenery with whirh .u u dowed these waters, and no more pleasant trl " T" made from venerable Quebec thant affo reVbTth: Jf ,t ' lit •>» J,i- v.. U''' ^ t . 276 All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide, LAKE ST. CHARLES, thirteen miles north-west of Quebec, is one of the most picturesque spots in Canada, and during the summer months is frequently visited on account of its Arcadian beauty. There is a remarkable echo at the Lake which tarries some few seconds before repeating the sound uttered. It is then re-echoed, " as though the nymphs of the lake were summoning the dryads of the neigh- boring woods to join in their sport. " To those who are fond of angling, the lake affords an ample supply of speckled trout. THE FALLS OF MONTMORENCI. In taking our departure from Quebec, and on our way down the river we pass this celebrated cascade. These Falls, which are situated in a beautiful nook of the river, arehigher than those of Niagara, being more than two hundred and fifty feet, but they are very nar- row— befng only some fifty feet wide. This place is celebrated for its winter amusements. During the frosty weather, the spray from the falls accumulates to such an extent, as to form a cone of some eighty feet high. There is also a second cone of inferior altitude called the " Ladies' Cone," and it is this of which visitors make the most use, as being less dangerous than the higher one. They carry " toboggans " —long, thin pieces of wood about 8 or 10 feet in length by i foot in width, turned u;j in front,— and having arrived at the summit, place themselves on these and slide down with immense velocity. Ladies and gentlemen both enter with equal spirit into this amusement. It requires much skill to avoid being capsized, and sometimes people do '■:;«":'■• ie. f the most e summer Arcadian ake which the sound e nymphs he neigh- e who are supply of CI. id on our i cascade, tiful nook leing more very nar- s place is uring the iiulates to ighty feet r altitude ch visitors than the ong, thin /■ I foot in ed at the lown with oth enter ires much Deople do AU.Rou„d Route and Pammmic Guide. 277 M* I f^ •,' u n '". 278 All-Round Route mid Panoramic Guide. find themselves at the bottom, minus the toboggan. Visitors generally drive to this spot in sleighs, taking their provisions with them ; and upon the pure white cloth which nature has spread out for them they par- take of their dainty repast, and enjoy a most agreeable picnic. They do not feel in tiic least cold, as the exer- cise so thoroughly warms and invigorates the system. There are men and boys in attendance, for the purpose of bringing down strangers who may desire to venture down the icy mountain, and to those who can enjoy this kind of pleasure, it is great sport. The drive to the Falls is very beautiful ; the scenery on the road through Beauport, where the Provincial Lunatic Asylum is built, and back again being full of interest. The dis- tance of these Falls from Quebec is eight miles. About two miles above the Falls is a curious formation on the river bank, called "the Natural Steps," being a series of layers of the limestone rock, each about a foot in thickness, and for about half-a-mile receding one above the other, to the height of nearly 2C feet, as regularly as if formed by the hand of man. They are a great object of wonder and curiosity, and, being so near the Falls, should certainly be included in the visit. THE LOWER ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. Having drawn toward the close of our visit to Quebec we advise the tourist to at once make his arrangements for visiting that very popular resort, the Saguenay. For the past few years, thousands of Canadians and Ameri- cans have wended their way to this famous river, and the result of their experience has been to make it still more popular. None who have been there but have '-'t; mm Wi M-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide. 279 resolved to repeat the trip the first time they could possibly do so and to those who have not enjoyed thk guage of Shakspeare, "stand not upon the order of your gomg, but go at once." All information cone m ng the means of transit can be ascertained ,t the ho'd o wh.ch we took our compasnons de voyage but Tn o s^kw^'r^"'"' '° ^"'^"'^ '° "•'^ impf^;nt du ; dLTn. .h^ ''""'"'" knowledge, we would saytha^ dunng the season steamers run between Quebec and the Saguenay, leaving Quebec four times p. r week Th K "■":" "^ *^ ^'^^-"-^ fro- MontTeal These boats belong to the St. Lawrence Steam Naliga: .on Company. They are elegantly fitted up for the comfort of passengers, and furnished with every con vemence; mdeed, there is nothing wanting to rend"; boa d°"TnT r '«^'■'^" ■"°^' ^^"■^'"^"■- One on ': m :t a !:Z^^ -e'ves steaming away down ^ooa speed, and turnmg our eves from fl,» city we have just left, we see THE ISLAND OF ORLEANS fromThiTl "'■''^ ''^^ " '''^ '^'^ °^ '^-^'>-' - called from tne luxunantgrowth of its wild grape vines It is ievfli :m '" " '" "^ ^"^'"' ^^""'- There are IZh f m ^'' T'"""^ "^^ •'' ■'^"^'■ac-- Like the ..land of Montreal, its soil is very fertile. THE FALLS OF ST. ANNE Seventy miles below Quebec, the River St. Anne t resting- DOLlt 6,000- these sad fair spot, point the I width as le deck of uebec lies :e. ower St, ted amid : resort in lies spend very one )le water- ble hotel,, ^ith it are summer :he river, kve strike e. Here All-Roumi Route and Panoramic Guide. 2g , those desirous of visiting the far-famed waterin., pl.ce about"":-,":; '"''"k"' "^"^''"f^'^ pleasant d^iv of a fashionti: ""^' '"^ '°""'^^' """ tl-emselves ,n a^ fesh,o„able place, containing some very good build^ Leaving the wharf at Riviere du Lo„n o . points her course again to the o^po le Z. ^ L^^T than two hours we find ourselves at Tadousic, wl,ich " CACOU.NA liAV. at the n,outh of the River Saguenay. This is , verv pleasant spot, and if no more time can be spa^d th n t te touTi f t''^' "T""" ^' '"^ ^vharf'letl ad- filw ,? ''^° ''"''"'■'^ "nniediately. There is a sport'": tr- ^"' '■" ^"'""^^'■•"" ""^ '' ="' '''"d of h.splati .1 """"""' °'""''°"- T'^'^ ''■^'hing of tft.s place IS also very superior. A large number of Wllas have been erected, including one builtV His E.;ce,re ^ Ilf 'A ■ 'K ?'' •'.I .Ml'-, h :; 282 All-Rouiid Route and Panoramic Guide. Earl Dufiferin. Apart from its pleasures, Tadousac is interesting from its having been from an early period the capital of the French settlements, and one of their chief fur-trading posts. Here are the ruins of a Jesuit establishment, and on this spot once stood the first stone and mortar building ever erected in America, the home of Father Marquette, the explorer of the River Missis- TADOUSAC. sippi. A cluster of pine trees over 200 years old has grown from the centre of these historical ruins. Getting aboard again, the whistle is sounded, and we are under steam, and now really enter the justly re- nowned River Saguenay, and commence, as if by instinct, to strain our eyes, that we may catch a glimpse of all the magnificent natural grandeur that now bursts upon us. All-Kou.„i Rout. a„d Pa„o,-amc Guide. 283 "■"I"- -SAGUiCNAY RIVFR Hf Sagucnay is the largest tributary of tl,e jrrent ISt, Lawrence, and unquestionably one of 21 \ Ven,arl-ange of rapids which extends ten miles. The l"di n say there is a subterranean fall above the foot "f rap,ds, wWch they call " Manitou," or tl e ■ Gi^Tat So - '" To avoid these falls there is a carrying placeril'd^'L <.rande Portage. An extensive lumber business is transacted here ; the village has an ancient appearance! , ' f 14 "^-. '^ Hi' I )i •J. ," f* - I- 284 All.RouNed princi- o view an M.Ro,.„d Route a„d Pa,.o,amic Guide. 285 imposing bluff. Many of tli<.«^ f ■■•"0 the air, and ^^Z tZltZ'^nT^'''' moment, 'tappc.. awful, i„^stc.^",,;,S '/' •■'"^' to rai.se the eve« hrnvi.n,... x ^,^ "P "i<- ^"^aguenay, directlyoveH,e,'cl am o'lnnir '1"'" "■•""^"'^ nearly a n.illion tons. H "rl a" " t V" ''' ""'"P-'' insignificance of „,an as 1 ''^'•''™' """ ^"''^ "ic handiwork. "' ^"'"^ "l'"" ">-•■ Alnnghty's ™,N,TVR„CK-RrvE„„C.BNTr -ofty plateau called' fa Tabl-au"'"' "^r"'"^"'°" °^ •■• colored .rranite 6on f 7 . J r' ''°'"'"" o^ ^ark- --ke from TX^^^^ ™ ^^^ Po-i-^^ing -HergemofJ,ery.b:r;he'SrtiLt I f 286 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. the Saguenay are Cape Eternity, and Trinity Rock, no the south shore, six miles above St. John's Bay. If the only recompense for the visit to the Saguenay was a sight of these stupendous promontories, we are quite sure no visitor would ever regret it. There is an awful frrandeur and sublimity about them, which is perfectly indescribable. The steamers shut off steam at these CAt'E ETEUNITY — RIVEK SAGIKXAY. points, and the best view possible is arranged for the passengers by the Captain. The echo produced by blowing the steam whistle is very fine indeed. The water is said to be as deep five feet from the base of these rocks as it is in the centre of the stream, and, from actual measurement, many portions of it have been ascertained to be a thousand feet, and the shallowest parts not less ■fi ock, no If the ' was a re quite 11 awful erfectly t these for the uced by . The of these m actual :ertained not less All- Round Route and Patioraniic Guide. 28T than a hundred ; and from the overhanging cliffs it assumes a black and ink-like appearance. Cape Eternity is by far the more imposing. It is here that an Indian hunter, having followed a moose to the brow of the cliff, after the deer had made a fatal spring far down into the deep water, is said to have lost his foothold and perished with his prey. We also learn from Le Moine's " Oiseaux 288 All-Roufid Route and Panoramic Guide. .'Af% %Z % t Ul du Canada," that two or three years ago fine speci- mens of the bird of Washington, that rare eagle, were shot here, and, indeed, continually the flight of the bald- headed eagles along the summits of these beetling cliffs the salmon leaping after its insect prey— or the seals bobbing their heads out of the water, attract the sport- sman's eye. Nothing can surpass the magnificent salmon fishing of the Marguerite and other streams, tributaries to the Saguenay. Before taking our departure from what must certainly be classed as one of the most picturesque spots in North America, we would pause to ask the tourist whether his expectations have not been fully realized in every respect, and even far exceeded. We feel satisfied an affirmative answer is the only one that can be given to such a question, for there can be no two opinions as to the magnificence of the scenery brought before the vision on a trip up the River Saguenay to Ha ! Ha ! Bay. Long descriptions of such scenery can convey but little to the reader, and must be at the best very in- adequate. The trip must be taken before the grandeur of the Saguenay is to any extent understood and appre- ciated. Leaving Tadousac on the return journey, the steamer again makes its way across the St: Lawrence to Riviere du Loup for the convenience of Cacouna passengers. Those desirous, by so arranging it, can here go ashore, and take the train, by the Intercolonial Railway, to Quebec. Having sailed down the river, this will prove an interesting change, and bring them into Quebec : speci- e, were e bald- ig cliffs le seals : sport- fishing ; to the ertainly 1 North ther his ti every jfied an yiven to ns as to ore the a! Ha! ivey but very in- ndeurof i appre- steamer > Riviere ssengtTs. 3 ashore, Iway, to 'ill prove I Quebec Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 289 much earlier. Those remaining on the boat, will, if a fine day, enjoy the sail, calling at Murray Bay, as on the downward trip, and afterwards making straight for Quebec. Those tourists taking the train at Riviere du Loup can make connection at Point Levis, which is op- posite Quebec, with trains for the White Mountains, on the Grand Trunk Railway, which we next intend visiting with them. Those who still keep to the boat, on arrival at Quebec, will probably prefer lying over a day, for rest, before proceeding on their journey. From Point Levis there is not much to be seen, and we, therefore, advise our travellers, as soon as possible after getting on the train, to get a sleeping berth, have a good night's rest, and be in good trim on reaching the White Mountains. At Richmond Station, which is the junction with the main line of the Grand Trunk Rail- way, our tourist can have a comfortable meal. Twenty-five miles from Richmond is the flourishing manufacturing town of Sherbrooke. Here tourists going via the Passumpsic River R. R. will change cars. Sherbrooke is an incorporated town, the capital of the County of Sherbrooke, on both sides of the river Magog, and on the Grand Trunk, Passumpsic, and Quebec Central railways, loi miles east of Montreal. It contains the head office of the Eastern Township Bank, the chief office in Canada of the British American Land Company, several insurance agencies, churches of five or six denominations, an academy, many stores, and manufactories of woollen and cotton cloths, flannels, iron castings, machinery, axes, pails, etc. ; also saw 19 290 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, mills, breweries, etc. Population about 10,000. Tour- ists taking the Passumpsic River Railway will, at New- port, connect with the South Eastern Railway for Montreal, Continuing our tour via Grand Trunk we will, in about in seven hours, find ourselves, after a very pretty ride through a mountainous country, at Gorham, and on landing will find coaches in readiness to take us to . Tour- at New- way for ^ll-Round Route and Panoramic Gtiide. 291 the Glen House, eight miles distant. There are numerous drives around Gorham, which are all exceedingly pretty. It is a point from which the beauty of the range of Mount Moriah, Carter, and the Imp may be viewed to the best advantage. The first desire of the tourist when he arrives at Gor- ham IS to learn how to reach readily the celebrated Mount Washington. Taking his seat in the coach Jie soon feaches the will, in y pretty im, and ke us to GLEN HOUSE, which occupies a picturesque location in the valley of the Peabody River, at the base of Mount Washington. Its position m this vast arch of nature is at once strfkinB and interesting to the tired traveller, who, drawing nearer the spot, finds an atmosphere of hospitality surt roundmg the house, life and bustle at its entrance a noticeable contrast to its isolation, and a pleasant wel- come after a long day's journey. The management is still in the hands ol Messrs. W. & C. R. Milliken, also proprietors of the Alpine House, another favorite place ' of resort in the midst of superb scenery; and it is scarce- y necessary to add that these houses are as well kept as any in the mountains, and everything is done to ensure the comfort and enjoyment of guests. A piazza extends the entire length of the house, and commands extensive views of Mount Washington Jefferson, Adams, Madisor. the head of Tuckerman's Ravine, and the Carter Range, all of which maybe con- sidered unrivalled among the many sublime aspects of the far-famed New Hampshire Hills. The grandeur of lf' (I •> '":3 .'*.■;., 'fi' ) V*' ,'| I I II t I 292 Ail-Round Routf and Panoramic Guide. this spectacle is a constant and unfailing source of delight to all lovers of mountain scenery. Stages connect here with the Grand Trunk Rail- way at Gorham, 8 miles; Portland and Ogdensburg Railway at Glen Station, N. H., 15 miles; Eastern Railway at N. Conway, 20 miles; and Mount Wash- ington Railway, at summit of Mount Washington, 8 miles. ASCENT OF MOUNT WASHINGTON." The carriage road, a triumph of engineering skill, was opened in 1861. The carriage grade is 12 feet in 100, So beautifully constructed is the road that no more dis- comfort is experienced than in the same amount of riding upon any other road. During the first four miles the road winds among the forest trees until we reach " the Ledge," where the road emerges from the forest and the beauties of the ascent behind. From this point the road winds along the verge of a deep ravine, be- tween Mounts Washington, Clay and Jefferson. Passing onward we have a most charming view of the Saco Valley. The path now rises on a series of plateaux, and ascending the last part of the steep cone we stand upon the summit. What a magnificent prospect ! A horizon of nearly 600 miles bounds the prospect, and the moun- tain peaks stand on every side as sentinels. Formerly there were two hotels on the summit. These have been united under one management, and are known as the Mount Washington Hotel. To enjoy the mountain scenery it is advisable to remain over night, and, if it b clear, the gratification will be complete. The sunset is magnificent beyond description. As the sun sinks in 1 All.Row,d Route and Panoramic Guide. 293 te7^fa:::.\S;^^^°^'''^'"-"-'" enlarge, and e.. ofoccanis now distinctly visible The vv! ^^ pond, and brook, till it seems as thou.heIcf,i!,e\, of water was blanketed and tucked h, be, a h st"' pose, boon the Great Gu f— the deen r^^nr ^ side— i^ fillr.ri -^u '"^ °<^<^Piavines on either till an the hollows J full o the bl tT""'.^" su.o„„di„g summits peet out, liftm; th "" heads ab I c OSS toVr^r. '' ^^'^"^ ^^ *°"^'" °- »"'^ ':; aaossto Clay, Jefferson, Adams and Madison upon this broad platform of mist ShnnlH ti,.- u "" "P°" '"'■'' before sunset , ' phenomenon occur ^esc-ba;rCutirr^Lr:;i; fr '■^'"- b.n-,^hed gold had been Cw'n ^IcL'^-rde;; cnasms from mountain fr.rv f^ . • P i-u ) "'"unrain top to mountain top. Throno-h nuS tie t ' T "■''''-' '"' ^'"f''"/-enet cot tmue ,11 the hour of ret,ring comes. At early dawn the traveller ,s aroused to witness the reverse of the Zure P irom the sea, the g,-eat pyramid of shadow begin- 294 All-Round Route and Tanoramic Guide. ning in the west gradually contracts, the little cloud blankets rise from the lakes and float away into the upper air, and the sun, "as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber, " clothed in light, " rejoiceth as a strong man to run a race " There are many other pleasant trips to be made from the Glen House, one being a ride to the Imp, passing^ ; ''il l*^ , ' '! EMERALD TOOL. the Garnet Pools, where the rocks for some distance are curiously worn and polished by the action of the water. Next are the Thompson Falls, a series of delightful cascades and water slides. We then reach the Emerald ie, tie cloud into the ng out of a strong ade from , passing^ ance are le water, elightful Emerald All.Rou„d Route aud Pa„ommic Guide. ^j Pool, n beautiful spot, the theme of many i noef and a subject for the artist's peneii A fn ' ^ '°"?,' tumbling among rocks here the pool ^^'" ^°'''''^ '-""d basin, where restin. itse f fo f i T- '" '° '"' ^"''^' emerges to recommencrit': t^sl: ^^r' '' '^^^ I-our m.Ios from the hotel is situated th! CLEN ELLIS FALLS, " ""ri"^"-"^ which falls from a great height intoa oT,oll I- . , ^'LEN ELLIS FALLS. slialiow basm below ThfQ f^ii • -^iyrepa,3thetimeo?c;it;irrhi-r''^" We next visit the ^ ■"i^i r^ m\ 296 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, .'k CRYSTAL CASCADE, about c'lc mile from the (^ic ^ Kllis Falls. Its descent is about eighty feet. At Gkii Ellis the whole stream pitches in one tide, but here the water is spread to the utmost, and the appearance of the cascade has been CRYSTAL CASCADE. Ihl^a.^-i2^ compared to an " inverted liquid plume, " a very happy simile. TUCKERMAN'S RAVINE is a tremendous gulf on the south side of Mount Wash- ington. It has been called the Mountain Coliseum, and iii?: All-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide. 297 it is hard to realize the jrrandeur of presented. th the scenery here ens- connect w^h th. trains of the Portland and (>d burg R R. ,, oien Station. On leaving th Glen Hpuse the road lies towards the south. Pasring onw d tm,l we enter 298 All-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide, ♦f PINKIIAM NOTCH, passing throiigli which vvc speedily reach Jackson. A mile beyond this are the Goodrich Falls, the largest per- pendicular fall to be seen among the mountains. Soon after leaving the falls we reach Glen Station, where we take the cars. As we proceed up the Saco Valley we have before us to the left the three peaks of" Tremont," and directly behind we seethe noble form of old Kear- sage. At last m v^% \'\ CRAWFORD NOTCH bursts upon our view, and looking up the gorge we have Mount Webster on our right, Willey on the left, with Mount Willard forming the centre of the picture. No traveler through the mountains should miss the view from Mount Willard. The summit is reached from the Crawford House by the carriage road, a dis- tance of a mile and a half. The view is one of the most surprising in the mountains. The valley and the Saco River are nearly twenty-five hundred feet below. The view is grand in the extreme, and here at one glance can be seen a greater part of the White Mountain Notch. The best time to see it is two or three hours before sun- set, when the lengthening shadows are creeping down the western side of the Notch, and begin to extend up the sloping sides of Mount Webster. This view is in some respects more beautiful and startling than any seen from Mount Washington. Descending into the Notch, a short distance brings us to a point where stands the Willey House, at an eleva- tion of two thousand feet, made famous by the slide of AU-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 299 August 28th, ,826, when the face of Mount Willcy slid mto he Notch below, and in which the entir Wil y fan>,ly perished. No one can visit the old hous^ he rock ,n ,ts rear which parted the slide, and the spot where the remains of some of the victims were found .mhout sharin, the feelings of those who wenT h, I^^ct' The road now winds up a narrow ravine for about *::;:":;; "-" -■^ .""-^ '-^ ^-'-^"^ '~-d i^ darkthic T" '-^ °'"' °' ^"°°'"^ »™-'™- With da k th.ck walls, 2,000 feet high on either hand, we feel our own nothingness, and a feeling of relief i, e7 per,enced when we emerge fron, the defile, and bu; .. short d, stance before us the Crawford House a ^rge new edifice, very commodious and agreeable No more ple.asing landscape can be found tiran tha^ t a id litt," IT : '"''■' ^'■'•'"'•'- ^ "■'''^ '-™ ■■•"d the eve I ' ( ,"""' "' '"' ^'"'- -"'^ "'"l" the eye I.eyond ,s the Notch, with Mount Webster on the left a„n 1, v^\ '^^•J> m'lx 'V 300 ^ All-Round Route and- Panoramic Guide. Flume, three-quarters of a mile from the hotel, derives Its name from the narrow and deep ravine through which the waters of a mountain stream ru,h with grelt rapid- 'ty. Silver Cascade, a short walk below the entrar^-f- of the Notch and Ripley Falls, six miles below the Crawford House, are well worth seeing, especially in time of high water. The great feat, however, will be the ascent of Mount Washington, distant about nine miles from the hotel. There are special at- tractions in the old bridle path, which to many surpass those of .fcage or railway travel, therefore it is not to be wondered Lt that so many ascend by this route. We first scale Mount Clinton, 4,200 feet, from the summit of which a noble view is obtained. We now descend to the ridge which joins Clinton to Mount Pleasant, and and taking the path around the southern side of the mountain, we come to a plain lying at the foot of Mount Franklin, which we ascend, and the view is extremely grand. Passing Mount Monroe, several hundred feet below the summit, and winding around it, we gain our first view of Mount Washington, wl-'ch we ascend by the south-western side. The view 1.0m the summit we have already described. From our lofty position we shall descend by the Mount Washington Railway. This road was commenced in 1866, and the success which has attended the enterprise has been very marked. Few people now visit the mountains without making the journey on the way at least by rail. The descent to the terminus is 2,625 feet, the terminus being 2,668 feet above the water. The greatest grade is 1,980 feet to the mile. The road is most substantially built, and, AlURouud Route and Fa,u,ra,nic Guide. 301 besides ihe usual rails, there is a centre rail nf n ,• construction, to receive the motive power Tv"" sists of two bars of iron with croTs n^Z '°"- inches, and a centre cog-wCel TleC "^''^ '""^ into this rail '^ locomotive plays The locomotive a« ■> fi„t has the appearand of bdn'trt: n,' "' ^^ """"'■ as it commence, th„ ^ ^ '^" °™''- ^s soon being ,i^e:Tul:::::Ti:T''-r''' "■^^'^"^ driving wheel is trear^H . """^"■'" ^"'■°"- The B .s geared ;nto a smaller wheel, which con- mm f*f I'i f ■• . 1 ,1 :l 302 All-Round Route and. Panoramic Guide, nects directly with the crank. Four revolutions of the engine are required to make one of the driving wheels, thus sacrificing speed to power. The engine is not con- nected with the car, but simply pushes the car up the track. On the return it allows the car to follow it down at a slow rate of speed. To protect the train from accident, a wrought-iron dog constantly plays into notches on the driving wheel so that if any part of the machinerj'- gives way, the train is arrested where it is. There are also the usual friction brakes, and in addition, atmospheric brakes on each side of the car. These last alone are sufficient to stop the car and hold it i any position. The cars are comfortaL',- and easy, and the trip is made without danger or fatigue. The cars are provided with seats placed at an angle, which brings them nearly on a level on the ascent. They all face down the moun- tains. There is, however, an aisle in the car, and platforms at each end, so that views may be had from all direc- tions. Having reached the lower terminus of the railroad we proceed by rail to the Fabyan House, or Crawford House, at either of which points we may, if desirable, take the Portland and Ogdensburg Railway to North Conway, and Portland, or Boston. Visitors at the moun- tains, in whose itinerary the " Portland and; Ogdensburg" may not have been included, will find trains convenient- ly arranged for excursions from the Crawford or P'abyan Houses, through the celebrated White Moun- tain Notch, to North Conway and back, or to the cool and bracing airs and numerous attractions of Port- All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 303 land and the sea-shore resnrfc ;« .-f • • • place we ru„, descHbl r S^lnVrtf '" -°*- We now propose starting on a tour from the terminus reach thf^ ''a" °"''' ' '"^ "^"''°"^'' -^ speedfl ■ reach the lower Ammonoosuc Falls, a singularly beau t.ful and attractive cascade. Having rested we mL s::;? M °" ■"°""'^'" '^^^'" -^ "ho™;x leaving the hotel, we cross the Ammonoosur RrM \ aTcttf "''^'^°^ '^^""^'^'^'"- ^P~coSS attraction for persons spending a few ;veeks in this redon Pursumg our onward course we ascend a high h ,?I' S ^'^'T"^'^"^ - have the whole of'the F anco ma Ridge before us, while to the risrht is H,„ M !? wUh its dark opening. Descending thfhiH an " g the valley, we begin the ascent of the Notch, and thread «g our way along its ravines, we reach the TWIN MOUNTAIN HOUSE, Which stands on a plateau which overlooks the An, monoosuc River, within five miles of the Fabya Hou" and ,s surrounded by some of the finest scenery 1.?^' mountain region. The view from the pi 1"L h observatory ,s unsurpassed for beauty and grandeur The great mountain summits are seen on either haTd On the south are Lafayette, Haystack and the Twj f On the east is the entire White Mountain range Zn Mount Washington to Mount Webster, the latter form mg one side of the celebrated White Mounta „;:,"" Th.s ,s the centre of a great basin, and more mountlt summits can be seen from this hotel than any oTh" the mountan,s. The great wall of living g Jen w^ h ■P. 1 ;rf Im 304 All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide. rises across the Ammonoosuc and in front of the house is a pleasing object for the eye to rest upon, while the ever-flowing river which winds below, over rapids and through beautiful meadows, makes sweet music to the ear. The Hotel Prospect is situated on the summit of Mount Prospect, which is the Symmetrical Mountain, standing in the Valley between Lancaster on the north, Jefferson^ Whitefield and Bethlehem on the south, and in full view from each of these favorite resorts. It is 2090 feet above tide water, and 1240 feet above Lancaster Village. From the House a perfect view is had of the White, Fiunconia and Green Mountain Ranges and Pilot Heights, the Connecticut River Valley for many miles, and the country surrounding. This House has been open since the last season and is very perfect in all its appointments. An excellent Carriage Road leads to Lancaster Station, three miles distant. Telephone con- nection is had with Telegraph, Express and Post Offices at Lancaster, and the drives from this point to any of the surrounding Summer Resorts are of the most delightful character. No place in the Mountain Region offers such a charming variety of Views as this ' otel, which affords guests all the conveniences and comforts of Boarding Houses less desirably situated, and at reasonable rates. This hotel is located near the picturesque village of Lancaster, on the Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad, only seven hours' ride from Boston or Montreal, five hours' ride from Portland, over the Grand Trunk Rail- way, or through the celebrated notch of the White Hills by the Portland & Ogdensburg Railroad. Tourists leaving Boston on the Eastern Railroad, connecting at I ; A!l-R„md Route and Panoramic Guide. 305 I'pleasuTof "f T ^- * °- ^- ^■' -"' -'» enjoy IrriwlTri °"^" *i-^''»'"°"» mountain pL ^ arriving at Lancaster in season for early tea ^ I he view from Mount Prosnprf ;= „„ r\, , r:i-r;:.;:£ ESS-"" Lancaster is the shire town of Coo. r. T . agricultura,, .echanicai and pls'll, 1°^.::^";: section of the State largely center here. Therrlrelood physicians and apothecaries in the villaee TNTtf t Bank, and the EpiscDmran, r ^ National tarian.: M,.i. ^.':P'^'^^P-^''a"s, Congregationalists, Uni- tar ans, Methodists and Catholics all hold regular s;rvice^ at their respective churches. service* Profile House. . This favoritesummer resort, situated nineteen hundred and seventy-two feet above tide-water, has longbern known and appreciated by thousands of sumZ vL" tors. Its ocation is well described by the Rev d;" Prime ; "A plain of a few cleared acres in l^Zl gorge that admits the passage of a nar^J a^way mountains two thousand feet hi<,h rising- aim.! ^' pendicularly on each side, with two ^1 ,kef ,f " underthe hills and skirte. with forests, has'been 2 sen' retreat from the ^^^^!.^^:^^^Z:-^l^ It .s never hot at the Profile House." The ampll' H ■4 3o6 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, grounds, commanding wide and beautiful views, are crowded during the pleasure season with a happy com- pany, gathered from all parts of the land, who find here that cleanliness and attention, with that ample and sub- stantial profusion of viands which mountain air and exercise make, more thsn elsewhere, a necessit) , The parlor and dinfaag hall are spacious and elegant (about 130 by 50 feet area), and the whole building is lighted with gas. ITie telegraph runs to this point, and the man of business nny receive his mails with regularity, and send his commands along the wires, while he gathers strength in the mountain air, and mar- vels among the mysl cries of the hills. Many improve- ments are yearly made. The furnishing is elegant and complete, and the location superior. . ^i- • --'I Tin: Flumk House. This new hotel, five miks from the Profile House, and under the same management, is pleasantly located at the southern extremity of the PVanconia Notch. To the north can be seen the most prominent mountains of the range, Lafayette, the two Haystacks and Mount Liberty, while the beautiful valley of the Pemigewasset stretches to the south. It is first-class in all its appoint- ments, and is open from June i to November i. HOW TO REACH THE PROFH.E HOUSE. All rail and through in the day from Boston, New- port, New York, Saratoga, Lake George, Montreal, Que- bec, Portland, etc., via Profile and Franconia Notch All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 307 ews, are )py corn- find here and sub- \ air and ty. d elegant uilding is lis point, lails with he wires, and mar- improve- .'gant and R, R., from Bethlehem Junction, or by daily stages via Flume House to terminus of Pemigewasset Valley, R. R. le House, ;ly located otch. To untains of id Mount ligewasset s appoint- I. jton, New- Teal, Que- lia Notch 'A O S O at North Woodstock, ten miles distant, thence by rail to Boston, New York, and all points. FRANCONIA NOTCH, in which the Profile House is situated, is a pass about 1 ii>^ Ml ti»i fll 308 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. five miles in extent, between Wesark, Lafayette and Mount Cannon. The Franconia hills, with their beautiful scenery, are the theme of admiration to the tourist. Their grandeur is not overpowering, as at the White Mountains, but, for quiet beauty and repose, the Notch cannot be excelled. The Franconia House is beautifully situated, and is the nearest House to the Profile. It is a new House and is under the management of D. H. Howland, an experienced hotel man. The House is most comfortable, and everything is done to make the guests at home. Near the Profile House, northward, a short distance, lies V " ECHO LAKE, a clear, limpid s^'eet of water, two hundred rods from the Profile Hou of great depth and transparency, encircled by rare .. enery. Here are the centres of the most marvellous echoes; the human voice will be echoed distinctly several times, while the report of a gun breaks upon the rocks like the roar of artillery. The Indians believed that these echoes were the voice of the Great Spirit. Our space forbids lengthy notices of all the points of interest in this vicinity. We shall therefore, merely name the more prominent. Eagle Cliff, a magnificent, bold, promontory, almost overhangs the hotel ; but the sight of sights is the cele- brated Profile, or Cannon Mountain, directly opposite the cliff. It derives the latter name from a group of All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 309 mighty rocks upon its summit, which viewed from the hotel, looks like a mounted cannon. The former name, however, is its most familiar title. The most attractive point of interest is the Old Man of the Mountain, or the Great Stone Face, which hangs ECHO LAKE. upon one of the highest cliffs, twelve hundred feet above Profile Lake— a piece of sculpture older than the Sphinx. This strange apparition, so admirably coun- terfeiting the human face, is eighty feet long from the chin to the top of the forehead, and is formed of three distinct masses of rock, one making the forehead, another the nose and upper lip, and a third the chin. i^'-v ,. •■Ill M mBi-''^.' 310 All-Ronnd Ruitc and Panoramic Guide. The rocks arc brought into the proper relation to from tlje profile at one point only, namely upon the road through the Notch, a quarter of a mile south of the Profile House. The face is boldly and clearly relieved against the sky, and, except, in a little sentiment THE I'ROFU.K. of weakness about the mouth, has the air of a stern, strong character, well able to bear, as, he has done un- flinchingly for centuries, the scorching suns of summer and the tempest-blasts of winter. Passing down the road a little way, the " Old Man " is transformed into a " toothless old woman in a mob cap ; " and soon after melts into thin air, and is seen no more. Hawthorne I \;-c;.-<\.t *\, All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 3 1 1 has found in this scene the theme of one of the plcasant- cst of his "Twice-told Tales." that called "The Great Stone Fac'-." It is within one hundred rods of the Profile House, and is unciuestionably. the most remark- able natural curiosity in this country, if not in the world. SILVER CASCADE. Immediately below the Face nestles the beautiful sheet of water known as Profile Lake, or, The Old Man s Mirror It is one of the gems of mountain pictures. The finest trout live in the waters. At the Trout House a short distance below the lake, can be seen several hundreds of these speckled beauties. IMAGE EVALUATiON TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. ,/".4. f/j & ^ 1.0 ,r«^ IIM I.I 1.25 1.4 1.6 v: ^ /}. m >^ ^ ^% > 0^ w Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 .> V «.^ n>^ ^\ feet. Thorn Mountain and th" rjl^ dhl°d"" r :" "" '^'- ^"^ "™ "°^'^ p-^' of the nearer . <=°"^P'C"ous objects in the northeast, the nearer eminence being 3,000 feet high and the farther one a hundred feet higher wlh' r seen ir^ "' ^°°'^"'^ 1"^"^. "'here can be taTs. "'"' Prependicular fall among the moun! -ndtfultofjath'tf V'"'' '^^^"' ^--''^ -'<^ «- through Tucklmts V """"." f ^'^ ^-''-g'"" but a few 1^ T '"^ '""^ *= Snow y^rchare notUSkhtVo^' "°" '"^ ''°-^ ''>-^'' '-'^ A!l.Ro„„d Ro,Ue aud Pauoramic Guide. 3 , 3 tain cascade. The Ba^n fi'? T' """""^"^ "'°""- is a remarkable spot p"''"""""^ ""^ Notch «i«.duie spot, remigrewasset Rfv^r i,-, u worn curious cavities in the ro^ck. The b I tl ^ in diameter. It is nearly circular anH h T ^^ ^^^ worn to its present shap^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ and round in the currenf J ^.^''^'''S of rocks round the current. Here, just below the Basin is THE FLUME, * one of the most famous of nil fi. u The Lafayette HouTe is.- l ed nertl"'^- 7"''''- mountain viUao-e of Fran. ^ Picturesque and the famous^L:LorZr ^Tt f ""^I '^'''''''' some of the grande^f T '" ""^ '"''^^t of scenery i„ LfEnttd r^f '"""'""' '"°""'--" toalip^Iacesofspeluntre^lTe'r " '^"''"''"' The Flume, Echo Lake FroLV^ufT" ''"'"■ of Mt. Agassi, are within a„asv ride . ''j ™'"""" -ernoon^ ^^.rdrir I^, ^r^ T '"j n^V^antrmt'eT^" ^'^^ '^-'-' -^ streams-the AmmoCs^c t^:' ^ ^7"" '"°""'^'■" waters, their wooded banks Ih ^"'"-"""^ ">-> aifordinff a cool ;,nri .^ sequestered nooks and arbors hav been tlZ"', l''''^' ^"^"^ -'-"^ lofty trees, and here beidTttr"' "" ^""'^ °' in perfect safety can find '''' "^ "■"'^^■'' '^'"■''''•^•" christened T" Wle^'d . "Z T '''''^''''- ^^ ''"^ nished with sped I Id I " " '"'" '''"'^ '"'■ peciat regard to summer boarders. The 3 1 4 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Gvide. fe, 5 : « apartments are arranged singly, or in suites for families. The parlor and dining rooms are pleasant, and are made cheerful in the cool evenings by open fire places. A wide piazza extends around the house. Leaving the road, just below the basin, we turn to the left among the hills, and, after a tramp of a mile, reach a large granite ledge, lOO feet high, and about 30 feet wicjjj, over which a small stream makes its varied way. Near the top of this ledge we approach the ravine known as the Flume. The rocky walls here are 50 feet in height, and not more than 20 feet apart. Through this grand fissure runs the little brook which we have just seen. Except in seasons of freshets, the bed of the stream is narrow enough to give the visitor dry passage up the curious glen, which extends several hundred feet, the walls approaching, near the upper extremity, to within ten or eleven feet of each other. About midway, a tremendous boulder, several tons in weight, hangs suspended between the clifTs, where it has been caught in its descent from the mountain above. A bridge^ dangerous for a timid step, has been sprung across the ravine, near the top, by the falling of a forest tree. The Cascade, below the Flume, is a continuous fall of more than 600 feet, the descent being very gradual, and is styled the SILVER CASCADE, OR THE SECOND FLMUE. The Pool, a wonderful excavation in the solid rock, and the Georgiana, or Howard Falls, complete the lions of this region. If the tourist desire, he may continue his stage ride to Plymouth, and return to New York or Boston, via All-Rotmd Route a,,d Panoramic Guide. 3,5 Boston Concord, Montreal and White Mountain Rail- road and its connections. The Fabyan, a first-class house, is situated at the centre Of the mountain railway system. AM the express trains rI, i",r.""^ °*''' P^'^^^ ^^'^ "hich run between Boston, Fall R.ver, Providence, Worcester, Springfield, New York and the White Mountains, arrive and depart from th,s place. All trains to the summit of Mount Washmgton leave here, also. LITTLETON, N. H. Few Towns in New England, if any, possess greater natura. attractions than Littleton, and from no point in he mountains can so great a variety of beautiful, romantic and magnificent views be obtained by a short and pleasant ride or walk. It is on the B. C. & M R R and the cars arrive here in the afternoon and evening' .-endenng ,t a convenient resting-place for the night, as' all can just as well have a comfortable night's sleep as to be hurried to the hills, through tickets being 11 IffI w tw . m. *5l ■s vl i|. 316 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. good for the next day. It is much better to wait until morning before going to the mountains, as the chance for obtaining good rooms at the mountain hotels is altogether better than at night. This is an important fact, and travelers should bear it in mind. Thayer's Hotel is a very comfortable and popular House and is as pleasant a resort for summer tourists as can be found in the region of the White Mountains. This House located in the central part of the village, with delightful surroundings, possesses the peculiarly HOME-LIKE character so desirable to those who wish to sojourn for a time among the magnificent mountains and charming scenery of the White Mountains. The Oak Hill House is one that we can recommend to the tourist. Being situated on a high elevation and some distance from the highway, the house is free from dust and commands one of the most magnificent mountain views in Northern New Hampshire. The hotel on the summit of Mount Washington and Mossilauk and all the mountains be- tween the two are plainly seen from the house. The situation is admirably suited to persons troubled with hay fever and kindred complaints. The House is supplied with all modern conveniences and everything necessary to the comfort of guests. A large number of rooms can be warmed by wood fires, thus making it a desirable place to spend the autumn months and see the moun- tains clad in their varied hues. Messrs. Farr and Jarvis are experienced, attentive hosts, ever on the alert to minister to the wants and comfort of their guests. Having thus briefly described all the principal points All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide. 31/ of interest in and about the " Switzerland of America," we shall exercise the liberty given to " Knights of the Quill," and shall imagine ourselves at once transported over the mountain peaks to our starting point at Gorham. Leaving the White Mountains with all their varied attractions, we at once take our seat in the train and proceed to Portland. We find ourselves whizzing along through a magnificent mountainous country, which probably excels anything of its kind in America, and we recommend a good looK-out being kept during the journey, for the scenery cannot fail to please. On arrival at Danville Junction those desirous have time to obtain refreshment, and persons who are accustomed to travel know that it is just as well to take good care of the inner man, so as to be securely fortified against the fatigue that always, more or less, attends long journeys. After leaving Danville Junction, nothing of note is seen until a short distance off Portland, when we come in sight of the Atlantic, and feel the sense of pleasure which is experienced on getting near home after a long absence. Arriving at Portland, the principal city of Maine, our tourist will feel virtually at home at the City Hotel. It is situated near the business centre of the city, and convenient to all the places of interest, and is supplied with every convenience. The proprietors, Messrs. J. W. Robinson & Son are courteous and attentive, and leave nothing undone to contribute to the comfort of their guests. It is a first-class hotel and a great favorite with travelers. To those who have never been in Portland, and can spare the necessary time, we would say, spend a day or two there by all means. It 1. I ? k «, 318 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide, is one of the most pleasant and agreeable cities in the Eastern States, with wide streets and avenues nicely kept, well meriting its title, "The Forest City." Portland it- handsomely situated on a peninsula occupying the ridge and side of a high point of land, in the south-west extremity of Casco Bay, and on approaching it from the ocean, is seen to great advantage. The harbour is one of the best on the Atlantic coast, the anchorage being protected on every side by land, while the water is deep, and communication with the ocean direct and convenient. It is defended by Forts Preble, Scammel, and Gorges, and dotted over with lovely islands. These islands afford most delightful excursions, and are among the great attractions of the vicinity. On the most elevated point of the peninsula is an observatory, 70 feet in height, commanding a fine view of the city, harbor and islands in . the bay. The misty forms of the White Mountains, 60 miles distant, are discernible in clear weather. The original name of Portland was Muchigonee. It was first settled by the whites as an English colony in I632, just two centuries before the charter of the present city was granted. On the night of the 4th of July, 1866, a fire occurred which swept away nearly one-half of the whole business portion of the city. The entire district destroyed b^ the fire has been since rebuilt, most of the stores and dwelling houses having Mansard roofs, which give a most picturesque and charming appearance to the city. Portland is elegantly built, and the streets beautifully shaded and embellished with trees, and so profusely, that, before the fire, they were said to number no less than 3,000. Congress Street, previous to the fire, the ' All' Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 3 19 main highway, follows the ridge of the peninsula through its entire extent. Among the public buildings of Portland, the City Hall, the Post-Office and some of the churches are worthy of particular attention. The col- lection of the Society of Natural History, organized in 1843, was totally destroyed by the fire, but has since been erected again, and now comprises a fine cabinet, containing specimens of the ornithology of the State, more than 4,000 species of shells, and a rich collection of mineralogical and geological specimens, and of fishes and reptiles. The Library, incorporated in 1867, has a collection of 10,000 volumes, and the Mercantile Library possesses also many valuable books. The Marine Hos- pital, erected in 1855, at the cost of $80,000, is an imposing edifice. The canning and hermetically sealing of meats, fish and vegetables is a modern invention of quite recent origin, but as a means of preserving articles otherwise perishable it is thoroughly efi'ective. Among the earliest to embark in this enterprise was the firm of Davis, Baxter & Co., known also as the Portland Packing Co. This firm succeed Samuel Rumery, who commenced operations in 1849, and was the pioneer in the packing business. The business was commenced before these goods were generally known in the market, and from a small beginning has grown to enormous proportions. The Portland Packing Co. are the largest packers of canned corn, lobsters and mackerel in the wo^ld ; their annual product, which also includes other articles, such as roast beef, mutton, soups, clams, beans, succotash and apples, amounts to over ten million cans, which are consumed in every part of the world, the most important foreign !ti ijM'i »»»"1 ^^1 I."**- 'ni' - "X Ml K i y '4 r'a 320 All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide, ports being London, Liverpool, Paris, Hamburg and Stockholm. Their factories, twenty-six in number, arc located at the following points, viz : — In Maine — at Portland, Stroud water, Cumberland Mills, Gorham, Sebago Lake, Naples, Fryeburg, Wells, Winthrop, Monmouth, Prospect Harbor and Hammond's Cove. In Nova Scotia, at Little River, Wood's Harbor, Upper Harbor, Cape Sable, Bear Point, Shelburne, Chester, Indian Harbor, Blue Rocks, Canso, White Haven and Harbor Boucher; and in Newfoundland at Placentia. In the busy season 3,500 hands are eqiployed, the number never being less than 400 to 500. Their goods which are the leading brands in the market, command the highest prices, and have taken awards at Paris 1867, American Institute, 1870; Cordova, 1871 ; Vienna, 1873; Hamburg, 1874; Centennial, 1876; Paris, 1878; Sydney, 1879; Berlin, 1880. They have their general offices at 305 Com- mercial St., Portland, in a fine five storey building which they have just built for that purpose. This building is in close proximity to one of their factories for canning meats and soups, and but a short distance from another factory which has just been completed, and in which they are canning a large quantity of mackerel and clams. They keep a large amount of goods in bond, having two large bonded warehouses filled with goods for their export trade. A large product is manufactured "so much more cheaply that dealers will do well to send for a price list to Portland Packing Co., Portland, Maine. Within the past few years water has been introduced into the city from Sebago Lake. All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 321 In the vicinity are pleasant drives (notably the one to Cape Elizabeth), and the islands in the harbor furnish grounds for delightful water pic-nics and excursions. In addition, Portland is one of the most healthy cities in New England, which, taken in consideration with its beautiful scenery, pleasant situation and prominent location, and the near proximity to beaches and mountain resorts, makes it one of the most attractive of summer resorts in the country, and parties stopping in Portland should remember that the United States Hotel is next to the largest, and second to no hotel in the city. This hotel has the most central and conve- nient situation of any in the place, fronting, as it does. UNrrED STATES HOTEL. on Federal, Elm and Congress streets, the principal streets in the city. The building is large and striking in appearance, and will afford accomodation to hundreds of guests. All the bedrooms are neat, airy, commodious, 21 I ! li ll 322 All-Routid Route and Panoramic Guide, and newly furnished with furniture of the best material and latest pattern, and all the modern conveniences and improvements, as bath rooms, electric bell communication etc., are supplied. Under the management of Mr. Will H. McDonald, the present proprietor, who is so favorably known to the public during a highly successful career spent in catering for them, the house has attained a degree of success, unprecedented in its history, and has acquired a metropolitan fame with travellers. For a first-class cuisine, courtesy, and attention we can heartily recommend the " United States," and are convinced that one days' sojourning with Mr. McDonald will have the effectof ever afterwards attracting to the Hotel those who .will for the first time have enjoyed his careful super- vision. THE PORTLAND STEAM PACKET CO. is an old and favorite line between Boston and Portland, organized in 1847, and has maintained its trips with per- fect regularity. Leaving each port at 7 o'clock in the evening (except Sundays), passengers are afiforded a delightful view of the splendid harbors and approaches, and obtain views of the cities which cannot otherwise be enjoyed, and the scenery of the entire trip is among the finest on the eastern coast. The passenger accom- modations on these steamers are first-class in every respect, — very large, roomy and comfortable, remarkable for regularity, officered by skillful and capable men, long in the business, wlio are always found gentlemanly and courteous, " a very important feature," and as a line can present a record surpassed by none, from the fact that during the Company's existence several millions of K]«il -' \i 41 All-Romid Route and Panoramic Guide. 323 passengers have been carried without loss or injury to a single person. It is now the most popular route between Portland and Boston. It has been affirmed by travellers that among the finest scenery in the world is that which is visible from the Observatory in Portland. A most enchanting pros- pect is presented by sea and land, of which the city froms the central object, and, the White Mountains, with the broad Atlantic, mark the boundaries east and west. All these combine to make Portland a place worthy of the tourist's notice. " The beautiful town that is seated by the sea." Cape Elizabeth is a very favorite resort ; being but a few miles out of the city, an afternoon cannot be better passed than by taking a drive out there. Excursions can also be made to the "Ocean House" and "Orchard Beach," both of which are exceedingly pleasant. Then there are the 36 islands, including " Cushing's," most of which can be reached by ferry boat or yacht, and where there are always to be found a great many visitors seek- ing health and relaxation from business. At several of these islands good hotels are to be found ; notably, at the Bay View House, Peak's Island, Forest City Steamboat Company. The Pleasure Boats of this line will leave Custom House Wharf every Hour, touching at Cushing's, White Head, Jones's, Trefethen's and Evergreen Landing, after which returning to the City. Pleasure seekers and tourists can pass a pleasant hour or two by taking a sail down the lovely harbor. Round Trip Tickets, 25c. >■■■';/:■ 32/1 AlLRound Route and Panoramic Guide. MOUNT DESERT. Mount desert island Hes on the cost of Maine, one hundred and ten miles east of Portland, separated from the main land by an arm of sea about seven hundred feet wide. It has an area of about one hundred square miles, '.icluding three towns— Tremont, Mt. Desert and Eden. Its extreme length is about fourteen miles, and breadth about eight. At no other place on the Atlantic coast is th-re such a combination of mountain and sea-shore ; and it has become one of the most fashionable seaside resorts on this continent. It is n.ached by the Portland, Bangor, Machias and Mount Desert Steamboat Co'y from Port- land. 1 A writer thus speaks of it:— "No other Island within the reach of the Saratoga trunk lias such an affluence of grand scenery. Infinite variety appears on every side, and there is hardly a phase of nature that is not exemplified. There aie thirteen mountain peaks here, on one side sloping into placid lakes of fresh water, and on the other repelling the unceasing attacks of the ocean's surf from their cliffs of time-stamed rock. The deep salt water of Somes Sound penetrates the island for seven miles, overshadowed by ponderous mountains. Within an hour one can pass from secluded and silent tarns and shadowy and wind-less glens, to broad and rocky strands, along which the white breakers dash with deep and ceaseless music." PORTL.^r D AND OGDENSBURG RAILROAD. This road offers superior attractions to pleasure- seekers, and no one visiting Portland or White Moun- H^-iski i . AU-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 325 tains should fail to make a frip to some of its favorite resorts. The road is now completed through the famous ^' White Mountain, or Crawford Notch," and running by the Crawford and Fabyan Houses, ninety miles from Portland, it furnishes a most attractive and e: 1 . 334 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. WELLS, with its six miles of beautiful beach and its great induce- ments to sportsmen, lies five miles beyond. This town is rapidly increasing in population and trade. Next is BALL HEAD CLIFF, rising abruptly from the sea to a height of about one hundred feet. The highest point of the cliff is called the *' Pulpit." YORK BEACH, about 14 miles from Wells, is one of the finest beaches on the coast. At low tide it is over 500 feet in width. " The drive along it is pleasant, the horses' hoofs striking on the hard sand, making a fine accompaniment to the dashing of the waves, which, in fine weather, come in with a soft lulling sound, and \n storms, with a noise like mighty thunder." We now approach a low-lying group of islands, known as the ISLE OF SHOALS, which derive their name from the ** shoaling of fish in their vicinity in the proper season." These islands are very bleak and desolate in appearance, being composed of huge masses of granite bleached by exposure to the sun, and worn by the action of the waves. They were visited in 1614, by the celebrated Capt. J'^hn Smith, of *' Pocahontas fame." The shoals at low water consist of 6 islands, increased to 18 when at high water. Appledore, formerly known as Hog Island, is the largest. It is 75 feet high at its greatest elevation, and contains about 400 acres. On this a hotel has been erected. These islands uxr All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 335 form a nice summer resort, and one usually well patron- ized. Proceeding on our trip, we pass Fust's Point, and also Portsmouth. After Portsmouth we pass Shaw's Point, so named after Hon. E. Shaw, of Manchester, N. H., thence onward to RYE BEACH, a very popular resort, at which are some of the finest hotels at any of the New Hampshire beaches. The views in this neighborhood are extensive and very fine. Little Boar's Head, a promontory, 40 feet high and projecting into the ocean, separates Rye Beach from HAMPTON BEACH, a fine hard beach, nearly 3 miles in extent, affording ex- cellent drives, in which, at low tide, 18 or 20 teams may drive side by side. Here are also the best facilities for bathing and promenades. The drives in the vicinity are unsurpassed, and boating parties are the order of each day. The town of Hampton was first settled in 1638 by English emigrants. This town has been remarkable for its general health, and the long life of its inhabitants. Next in order is SALISBURY, MASS., which is on the Merrimac River. At this point, visitors are directed to the birthplace of the mother of Daniel Webster, also the ancient house where Caleb Cushing" was born. Salisbury Beach is 6 miles long, but not so firm as Rye and Hampton Beaches. SEABROOK, N. H., is noted as a point where whale-boat building was largely carried on, and is still an important place of industry. 'f ^M 'i^' \ M t ^'A-! ii,Mk. 336 Ali-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, NEWnURYPORT, MASS. is located on the Merrimac River, and is considered one of the most beautiful cities in New England. It possesses many singular attractions. One point of special interest is the old church, the scene of Whitefield's labors, his tomb, his monument, and other relics. Oak Hill Cemetery is also worthy of a visit. The population is about 14,000, or 15,000. Beverly, Mass., is a town of some 7,000 inhabitants. It is 18 miles from Boston, and is connected by a bridge with SALEM, a town which, for historic interest, is not surpassed. From this town have gone forth many men whose names have become distinguished in the various walks of life* Its scientific and literary institutions are very important Next to Plymouth, Salem is the oldest town in New England, having been first settled in 1626. The rides in the vicinity are pleasant, and its proximity to the popular watering-places makes it a point of much attraction. SWAMPSCOTT is the favorite resort of the wealth and fashion of Boston^ to which city it is as Long Branch is to New York. The bathing is excellent, but the beaches are not so extensive as at other points. LYNN, the headquarters of the shoe trade, is 1 1 miles from Boston. It is beautifully situated on the N. E. shore of Massachusetts Bay. Dungeon Rock is a spot frequently visited, and High Rock, near the centre of the city, affords a fine point nf view. Leaving this, a short ride brings us to the end of o:.ir journey, and we land at the wharves of the beau^iu ' citv of Boston. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 337 i,''i (,*- PORTLAND TO NKW YORK DIRFXT, via RAIL AND LONG ISLAND SOUND. HIS route ofifet.- special advantages to tourists, pass- ing as it does through some of the finest cities and towns in the Eastern States, and also affording an opportunity of enjoying a sail along the beautiful Long Island Sound. Taking the Portland and Rochester road, we pass on to Nashua, thence over the Worcester and Nashua Rail- road to Worcester, there connecting with the Norwich apd Worcester Road to Norv/ich, and onward to New London, via New London and Northern Railroad. At this point connection is made with the Norwich Line of Steamers for New York. Those of our tourists who de- cide upon this route can leave Portland daily (Sundays excepted) in the afternoon, by the Steamboat Express with Drawing-room car attached, and will arrive at New York early next morning. This trip is made without any change of cars between Portland and New London. This train, also connecting at Putnam with the New York and Philadelphia Express train, reaches Philadelphia also early next a. m., and Washington about noon. BOSTON i sa^ |S one of the most interesting of American cities, not (|^ only on account of its thrilling traditionary and his- "^^ torical associations, but for its public enterprise, and its high social culture ; for its educational and literary facilities ; for its numerous benevolent establishments ; for its elegant public and private architecture, and for the surpassing natural beauty of its suburban landscapes. 22 338 All-Rciind Route and Panoramic Guide. ( i <■ M 111 The old city is built upon a peninsula of Lonie 700 acres, very uneven in surface, and rising at three different points into an eminence, one of which is 138 feet above the level of the sea. The Indian name of this peninsula was Shawmut, meaning " Living Fountain." It was called by the earlier inhabitants Trimount or Tramount, which latter name it still retains in one of its principal streets. The name of Boston was bestowed on it in honor of the Rev. John Cotton, who came there from Boston, in England. The census of 1880 gives it a population of 364,938. Boston Harbor is large, and contains numerous islands, and in depth of water and availability is surpassed by none on the coast. At East Boston is the deepest water of the harbor, and here the ocean steamers chiefly lie. East Boston is con- nected by^ two ferries with the city proper. The principal sights in and around Boston are Bunker Hill Monument, Faneuil Hall, the Common, the Public Garden, the State House, the Public Library, Old South Church, famous for its historical associations, Athenaeum, Natural History Buildings, Institute of Technology, Mount Auburn, and Harvard University Buildings, the Great Organ, the City Hospital, the City Hall, and other public buildings. The streets in the other portions of the city are irregu- lar and generally narrow. Washington and Tremont streets are the principal thoroughfares. The suburban towns and villages "of Cambridge, Charlestown, Chelsea and Brookline, are chiefly occupied as the residences of Boston merchants. On the 9th of November, 1872, a terrible conflagration swept away the principal business ide. I 700 acres, ;rent points VQ the level I insula was was called )unt, which ipal streets. 3nor of the Boston, in )pulation of ous islands, rpassed by- harbor, and ;ton is con- are Bunker the Public Old South Athenaeum, fechnology, ildings, the 11, and other ' are irregu- d Tremont e suburban vn, Chelsea isidences of er, 1872, a )al business trK!Mi',IIM>iffln>'£,ll '' I -! ■h,. ■ i ^-•> 9 VM 340 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. portion evening, engines Sunday, when it that the of Boston. The fire broke out on Saturday and the flames gained fatal headway before the arrived on the ground. Until nightfall of the conflagration raged with unabated fury, and, was finally brought under control, it was found magnificent structures and accumulated wealth L OLD SOUTH CHURCH. embraced in an area of 60 acres, in the most admired and most valuable section of the city, had been burned to the ground. Over 900 buildings — occupied by 2,000 firms — were consumed, and the losses reached the enormous aggregate of between $75,000,000] and $80,000,000. There was no loss of life, as in the Chicago Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 341 fire, and, few dwellings being burned, there was little of that actual suffering which usually follows such catastrophes. To the tourist the first matter of importance is to secure a good hotel. If he wish to be comfortably quar- tered during his sojourn here, be it for a brief period, he can make his way to the " American House," Hanover street, Lewis Rice & Son, proprietors, where every comfort and luxury is to be met with. The Hotel Vendome, also on Commonwealth Avenue, in the more modern portion of the town, is the fashionable up-town house, and has a well-established reputation, and is first-class in every respect. In Boston the places of amusement are more numerous, in proportion to the population, than in most cities. At the Music Hall may be seen the second largest organ in the world, erected at a cost of $80,000. There are neafly 1 50 churches, the most interesting to tourists being King's Chapel (Unitarian), founded in 1686. The present structure, however, was erected in 1750. OLD SOUTH CHURCH is an object of much interest. It was erected in 1730, and was used as a place of meeting by the heroes of '^6, and was subsequently converted into a riding school by the British troops. It barely escaped the flames during the fire of 1872. BOSTON COiMMON is a large and charming public ground in a central portion of the city proper. It contains nearly 50 acres, of every variety of surface, with inviting walks, grassy lawns, and grand old trees. It is the pride of the city, and is much admired by strangers. y-mX:] 1 342 All-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide, A pond and fountain, the site of the ancient " Frog Pond," occupy a central point in the grounds. On the upper corner, the massive, dome-surmounted walls of the State Capitol are seen to great advantage. The OLD ELM, near the pond, was an object of much interest, as one of the oldest and largest trees in the country. It is believed OLD ELM. to have existed before the settlement of the city, having attained its full growth in 1722. It was nearly destroyed by a storm in 1832. In 1854 it was protected by an iron fence, but, in 1866, it at last succumbed to the storms of winter, ihe Brewer Fountain is also one of the attractions of the grounds, the workmanship being All-Rmind Route and Panoramic Guide. 343 of great merit ; it was a gift to the city by the late Gardner Brewer, and was awarded a gold medal at the Paris Exhibition'of 1855. Adjoining the Common, is the Public Garden, a , as one of : is believed charming place of resort. This embraces 24 acres, and is ornamented with winding walks, shrubbery, lawns, ponds, and parterres of flowers. Power's statue of Edward Everett, the admirable equestrian statue of ii- <\\ ■'■'i i 1^- '1 1j:.-'' % 1 - I' 344 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Washington, by Thomas Ball, and other pieces of statuary, and a conservatory. In the city proper there are quite a number of small parks. At the South End are Franklin Square, Black- stone Square, each having a fountain, shade-trees, with an area of a little more than two acres ; Worcester Square and Chester Square, containing about one and a half acres, are modest parks, with roadway on each side lined with fine residences. In South Boston there are two parks ; one on Telegraph Hill is known as Thomas Park, and the other as Independence Square, attractive on account of the superb views they command of Boston and the harbor. The largest squares in East Boston are Central Square and Belmont Square, con- taining about three-quarters of an acre each ; and the smaller parks of Putnam Square, Prescott and Maverick Squares. In the Dorchester district, the principal park or square, as it is called, is on Meeting-House Hill. Here stands the soldiers' monument. While in this vicinity, the pedestrian tourist will be repaid by a visit to the new streets and buildings, on what is called the "Back Bay," now the fashionable quarter, in which is situated the Vendome, foremost among first-class hotels, a magnificent and elegant structure of white marble, eight stories high, on the corner of Commonwealth Avenue and Dartmouth Street, opened in i88o, costing over one million of dollars, and entirely fireproof; furnished throughout in palatial style, without regard to expense, making it, in its full com- pleteness, one of the most costly and luxurious in the country ; built expressly for, and now under the able management of, Col. J. W. Wolcott. It is in a delightful All-Ronnd Route and Pauoramic Guide. 345 ^McV INSS^ .-'il av 346 All-Rmind Route and Panoramic" Guide. situation, and has a cuisine that can hardly fail to gratify the most epicurean taste. This new and superb hotel must, for the present, stand pre-eminently the leading first-class house in the city. We would call attention to the Fifteenth Exhibition of the Massachussetts Charitable Mechanics' Association of Arts, Manufactures, &c., which which will be opened on the 3rd of September, 1884, and continue until November, 1884, in their new building on Huntington Avenue, and The Vendome is the nearest hotel to the grounds. FANEUIL HALL. The remains of this famous edifice, called the " Cradle of Liberty," are on Block Square, the centre of the business part of the city. It is very old, and is an object of deep interest to Americans. It was pre- sented to the city, by Peter Faneuil, a distinguished merchant, who on the 4th of July, 1740, made an offer, in a town meeting, to build a market-house. The building was begun the following year, and finished in 1748. It has been used at various times as a City Hall, Court House, Assembly Room, and for other purposes. In 1776, the Declaration of Independence was read from the balcony of it. The Court House on Court House Square ; the City Hall, on School street ; the Custom House, on State street ; the State House, overlooking the Common ; the Boston Public Library, on Boylston street ; the City Hospital, on Harrison Avenue; Tremont Temple, on Tremont street ; the Masonic Temple, at the corner of Tremont and Boylston streets ; the Merchants' Exchange^ on State street ; the Athenaeum, on Beacon street, are all points which should be visited. j^ll-Roittid Route and Panoramic Guide. 347 In this age of rapid advancement in the sciences, the equipment of the wise Tourist is incomplete v*'ithout a photographic outfit, with which he can record the objects of particular interest met with in his travels. Boston being noted as an educational centre, claims priority in the present popular move in Amateur Photography. Here the first enterprise for manu- facturing goods especially adapted for the requirements of the Amateur, found sustenance, and after many struggles the products of their factory have won the enviable reputation of being the best made ; and this reputation is not only freely accorded them in critical Boston, but in every city in America. The corporation to which we refer is The Blair Tourograph & Dry Plate Company, whose office and factory are located at 471 and 475 Tremont Street, where the most modern, and perfect wood and brass working machinery are employed. Although not catering for retail trade, a visitor to their office will feel repaid for the time expended. Boston further claims the honor of having the first organized Amateur Photograph * "-^ciation "n America, although there now exist s if dozen or more, and new ones are monthly being i . o the list. Photography first came to us as an Art, next as a Science, and now as an Educator, an Aid to nearly all the various sciences and industries known, and as a means of recreation and pastime. Where shall the end be ? In the vicinity of Boston proper are many sights of great interest. ^K^^r p m^^ K' t BuS;i ' Wmfi''' p 1 i Wl- 1 ffe i t ^■f All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 349 :?■*, J> ■) Ti > HARVARD UNIVERSITY. This venerable seat of learning is at Cambridge, three miles from the city of Boston. It was founded in 1638, by the Rev. John Harvard. The University embraces, besides its collegiate departments, law, medical, and theological schools. The buildings are 15 in number, all located in Cambridge, except that of the Medical School in North Grove street, in Boston. Gore Hall and Uni- versity Hall are handsome edifices, the former containino- the library, and the latter the chapel, lecture-room, &c. Holden Chapel contains the Anatomical Museum. The Observatory and telescope are of very great interest. ENTRANCE TO MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY. MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY, about a mile from Harvard University, and about four miles from Boston, by the Road from Old Cambridge to Watertown, constitutes one of the sights of Boston, and m 350 All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide IK: should be seen by every visitor. It is the property of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, was consecrated September 24, 1831, and contains 140 acres. It is the oldest, and by many considered the most beautiful of American rural burying-places. The gateway is of Quincy granite, and cost $10,000. The Chapel, an ornamented Gothic edifice of granite, with stained glass windows, contains statues of VVinthrop, Otis, John Adams, and Judge Story. The Tower, 60 feet in height, in the rear of the grounds, is 187 feet above Charles BUNKER HILL MONUMENT. River, and commands a wide and charming view, for many miles. Cars run from the station in Bowdoin Square, via Cambridge (Harvard College), every 15 t.A K^ All-RoHud Route ami Panoramic Gnuh. 35 i minutes, during the day, and until half-past eleven o'clock at night, hunker Hill Monument, commemora- tive of the eventful battle fought on the spot, is in Charleston, occupying the site of the old redoubt oti Breed's Hill. The observatory at the top of this structure commands a magnificent view, embracing a wide extent of land and water scenery. The journey up is somewhat tedious, traversing nearly 300 steps. The dedication of this monument took place June 17, 1843. On the hill is a stone marking the sjjot where Warren fell. Horse-cars run from the head of Tremont street to the monument. TIIK UNITED STATES NAVV-VARD, extending between the mouths of the Charles and Mystic rivers, and embracing about 100 acres in extent, is near the Bunker Hill Monument. NANTASKET BEACH. This resort is a peninsula on the south shore of Massachusetts, and is a pleasant sail of nine miles from Boston. Excellent facilities for visiting this famous beach are offered by the Boston and Hingham Steamboat Co. whorun their handsomcsteamersTheTwilight,Nantasket! Rose Stand ish, and William Harrison, nearly every half hour during the season from Rowes Wharf,' 340 Atlantic Avenue. After leaving the wharf the tourist is pleased and charmed by the continuous succession of pleasant surprises, as the course of the steamers run among the many green islands, forts and headlands with which the Boston Harbor abounds. Among the most famous forts passed by these steamers are Forts Winthrop and Warren. Fort Winthrop is con- structed on Governors Island and is the strongest "11 -i II I 352 All-Rotind Route and Panoramic Guide. fortress in the harbor, although very little can be seen from the water-front, as the batteries are almost all underground, and connected with the citadel by under- ground passages. Fort Warren is erected on Georges Islands and has been made quite famous in history It was at this fort the two Confederate Commissioners Mason and Slidell, were confined, until given uc to the Er. ,lish government. During the war it was used as a prison for guerrillas and others of the most desperate rebel prisoners, whom the government intended to keep during the war and not exchange. Leaving Fort Warren a few minutes' sail brings the excursionist to Pemberton Landing at Hull. At this point is found the Hotel Pemberton, an excellent house conducted on the Ameri- can and European plans. Leaving the Pemberton, we now continue our sail. Entering Hull Bay, we quickly pass the village of Hull, and rounding near Skull Head inside Bumpkin Island Beach, we soon arrive at Straw- berry Hill, a place made famous in history. It is here the Northmen were supposed to have landed in 1603, and also the place on which Miles Standish and his party landed when they explored Boston Harbor in 1621. A few hundred feet from the Strawberry Hill Landing, is the Sea Foam House, a popular family hotel, most advan- tageously situated, overlooking the Atlantic Ocean and Nantasket Beach on the one side, and the more quiet waters of Hull Bay on the other. Numerous beautiful cottages and ample conveniences for boating, bathing, &c., make this one of the most attractive points on Nantasket Beach. Continuing our journey through the narrow channel of Weir River, we reach Nantasket Pier, owned by the 'ide, can be seen almost all 1 by under- on Georges history. It imissioners, ;n up to the s used as a perate rebel d to keep ort Warren Pemberton the Hotel i:he Ameri- berton, we we quickly kull Head. ' at Straw- It is here d in 1603, 1 his party 162 1. A anding, is )st advan- )cean and lore quiet beautiful , bathing, »oints on V channel :d by the li 11 County ( 18 Faneull : 19 Quincy 50 Boftoa J 51 Botton ] S8 Public I 53 So. Natl 54 Muwum n Muonio 86 Jdd Fel »i Muiio i S8 Hortlcu] «« City He « . „ ..J. 80 ProTld«i tyomtnent Butldtng: 31 Lowell '. 13 State House C 6 dS Eutent 14 CuBtom House DC 15 Post Office D 6 * 16 City Hall D 6 33 Trinity w M If All-Rotmd Route ^„^ r> " "'"' Pauoramic Guide. , r , Boston and Hineham Qf ■. few hundred feet of ,.h T" °'' ^'""P""^' "-•">.•" a and deservedly L as ul ^ T '""^^^^ '''" y^-^. and appointment"; The brn !; "'T' '" '"' --™c'ion surround this house are for / '^'"' P'^^^^^ 'hat almost to the watt's :d!ro„':H 1" "'""'"^ ^°- band stand is erected Jh'r '°"'"" P'^"^^ ""^ afternoon and evenn.bvth T"'"'' '"" S'^^" ^^-^ dence,D.VV. Reeved cond^ /'"" '^''"'^ "^ P'-^ given twice each weTbv a "T'k '7*"'^ '"'P'^^^ -« an exhibition of Japanese .«''' Pyrotechnist, and duced every WeciCdav .„h% '"°"^^ ""^ «'^° '•"'™- Hotel NantLket is c S^ f^r J ^^'.~- The >s managed by Messrs. Rus ',1 & ^ '" ^"""'"'' ers of experience nJ^Tr 1 ^^"'S'^^. Popular cater- Steamboat Co. run d,>ecto°th '"^°" ^ "'"^"'•- nearly every half hou^ ' Pomt, trips being made are aL a numt t" ;theTr /"^ '"^ "°'^' ^-'-l^-' ble among which is the R cS Hr'^^ ''°""^' "'"^- site Hotel Nantasl<= Three routes lie at the choice of pass»ncrers tw. .. n ra.I." and the third, rail and water con b h, d DurZ h summer season, the train, .ia tk. Central V;rmont rIu .Sr?o*\tT " ''T^^^' '" ''-^ ^^-""^^^ ing iNiew York about noon the following day Passengers may travel .,'. Troy, or Springfield, aLrd mg as they TL T n f '"^ *"'^ ^'''^''- The other alfra route Lnt ";^,^^'^T' ^ "">!»" Canal Railroad, leavtg e^rt hefln""'^^ afternoon, and reaching N^v Yo^ early me following mornino- Champ£''°Th-"'""''V' "'" P'^«^''-g and Lake York and i. TJ"^ ''™""-'™>' "^ 2°'"^ '°New reaut t K ^° .J':"-'^"""'" «nd appreciated that little requires to be sa,d m reconnnendation of it. During the pleasure season, trains leave the depot, Montreal for 356 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Plattsburg, connecting at that place with the very fine boats of the Champlain Transportation Company, for Burlington and Ticonderoga. Those leaving Montreal by the evening train will find it a very pleasant break in the journey to remain over night in Plattsburg, and take the boat the following day. For complete information on the starting of trains and steamboats, we would advise all tourists to secure a copy of the International Railway and Steam Navigation Guide, which may be relied on to furnish information up to the latest possible time prior to publication. ■^11 ■I?! ■:■*! ALL RAIL ROUTE TO NEW YORK. Those who adopt this route will proceed direct from Montreal to St. Albans. Before reaching this point,, however, we would invite the tourist to accompany us ta one of the most delightful Parks in the State of Ver- mont. MISSISQUOI PARK, lately established by the Central Vermont Railroad, at which they have placed a station, distant about 12 miles from St. Albans, and a few rods north of Highgate Springs,, the great summer resort of Northern Vermont. This is a new attraction to this delightful neighborhood ; for,, as rich as Vermont is in lovely localities, there is none more favored by nature than that which has been known for years and years as " Lover's Lane," at Highgate Springs. It is a delightful combination of grassy lawn, grand old elms and butternuts, pungent cedars, moss- grown rocks and silvery waters. Though easy of access, it is hardly less wild and romantic than in the days ^ery fine any, for ^lontreal break in md take ains and i a copy vigation ation up ;ct from 3 pointy ly us to of Ver- road, at [2 miles springs, This is d ; for,, is none known ighgate y lawn, , moss- access, 2 days SeT;;"™ '''' '"'-'y ^-^-'^ fi^--^ in the wate. leav': e«::tn';';'; :'■:''' ^^"'"' ^-"-' ^-'-d in fact. e^yoUctT" '"" "" «^°""^^' """^h are, Vermont, [oweTctnl^'^i °m" V"" '"•' '°"-- '" means of the perfS^':,""'' ''°^"'"" ^■"^- York, by having it in cCge ' "'^ '^^^'^'"' '^^ "''^ -'-P-^fon A pleasant ramble is obtained on leavincr ,h. sion train at the smri,.,,^ i i leaving the excur- intervale, which Za '7 l"'""^' P'"'"^ through the over a b oad ^anS" ' "'' ''""' "^^ ^-unds, ■ way bearing t '^™'"atmg in an arched gate- way bearmg the niscription, " Missisquoi Park" it an easy grassy grade we reach the ht P •, ^ upon a /&to„ o„ Elm R Z ^! ^'^.^^"^'°"' ^'•^"^'1 artistic beauty of it archlr; "^'"^ '° "''"'■'" ">^ hap. to watch th merrv da " ' '"°'"™'' '"'' "'^^- down a windinrDatl, H '' "'' P'"' '° ""= "°'*' spring-housetf^Cqut S^h r.'':;'"^"^- ""'f our thirst win, .-f f 'I "'" *P""g. « here we quench " Camo r2 . "°"' '"'"'''^ ''-''"'■ Back, through Camp Chittenden," we again visit Elm Ridge reachiL ■t by means of a delightful winding path up th,wh gnm, gray rocks, past rustic seats in'cosy nooks 1 1 "ve reach the band stand. Passing southwaM we soon fild Better; w'lf^ '" "■^■^"' '■^^"'°"- Down Z IT ts "7 , ?'• ^" "'^ "S'" '^ " E'™ Ridge," with ,ts graceful elms and butternuts ; on the lef ■• Cedar Ridge," thickly covered with the frigra " e e ' greens while falling aw-ay in a long, gentle slope, the green lane meets the silvery water of the Bay. Strolling dow-n past the Croquet Grounds, the Big Swings, th! r,-'rT »;•' 'M .1(1 ■-, ■ ■1 % 358 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide, Family Tables, under the Four Brothers, vvc take " Pic- nic Avenue," just where it starts from the foot of the lane. This is one of the most delightful and popular walks on the grounds. The way is winding and easy, among the. cedars and moss-grown rocks, on the west of the ridge, and overlooking Kingfisher's Bay. The avenue is well up above the water, almost overhanging it in places, a strong rail now and then standing guard. Rustic benches are conveniently placed, where parties with their lunch baskets can picnic, while watching the gay skififs and merry bathers. Here, where a cleft in the rock comes up to meet the avenue, easy steps lead down to the Bath House. Passing along we come to Point Lookout, from whence we gaze in admiration across the waters upon the bold, picturesque bluff in Phillipsburgh, just over the border. Over the Bay, to^ the left, is the green fringed shore of Alburgh, while far over the waters can be seen the church spires of Clarence- ville and Henryvilie, thrifty Canadian villages. Away to the north stands Scotch Mountain, sentinel-like, over Her Majesty's Dominion. Crossing the Rustic Bridge, which spans Kingfisher's Bay, we reach the Boat House at Sargent's. In a skiff we visit Rock Island and inspect its rocky sides, furrowed with the beating of the waves for centuries. Back again, and over the bridge we scramble up the hill-side, and soon find ourselves once more in Lover's Lane. The Pavilion is a graceful structure, Swiss-like in architecture, and finished much more elaborately than such buildings generally are. The main part is 33x30 feet, in which are located the Superintendent's office, telegraph office, cloak and parcel room, waiting-room,. £s once ^"■Ro""d Ronu a„d Pauoramic Guid.: 359 ladies' room and kitchen Ti,„ 1 v 1 range and all o.hc nec^J' er'''" '"' '""^^'^ ""h out from this buiidi„;iTh:iCmor'""" ''"""'■"^ with open sides -,n,l "■ , P''°P'=''' 3 1x60 feet, seats, to be used for 8^7^ ""' '"°™'''<= '^^'^ -<< building at the riS of h ""' """ '"■"'"«• ^he little " Bay ViJ^ It". °^ '''' '"'"" P'-"^' '•» ">e office of the A,„ r ■ '''"'y paper, published everv exr„r-,,.„ day, of especal interest to every excursi™ st " pari fi TLS'sr"-^ *eatt,actions of the purpose, andl'der llr ::;7;' "-•^<='' f- *e known and oopular restaur-.^ °"' *' "-"■ Here ice cre'an' cake f„d h ^°^ "' ^'^ ^"'""'• At the Bath Hr u .^ " ''^'" '"" ''^ "btained. at a nominal tmTh"'' ~''"'"" '^" ''^ ""'^'"^'^ .^duallyp,/^^^^^^^^^^ makmg safe and pleasant bathing ' The Boating in Missisquoi Bay is unsurpassed The of in 1 'T'"'-"^^ "■«'" '"""'"^ ^'^^^ '"Change 01 Sargent, is always in first-class order, and ready for .nstant use. Most of the boats are new t ,is season and .elaom such a fine collection is seen. Safe and pkUnt SS St a" ::rrr" '° '^'' "- '° --'- The fishing hereabouts is the best on Lake Champlain. Th,s has long been the angler's paradise, and caches of five-pound bass and ten-pound pickerel are almost da.ly occurrences. Missisquoi Bay is well k.nown to be the breedmg ground of the fish of the lake. All seasons of the year fish of some kind can be caught, through the hottest days of August, and the ice of December I- m 4 360 All-Romtd Route and Panoramic Guide, Trolling is the most common mode of fishing, though with expert anglers, live bait and the fly are the most popular. The entire grounds, the pavilion, the kitchen, the spring water, croquet grounds and patent swings, are all free for the use of the excursionists. A short ride brings us to ST. ALBANS. gHE pleasant town of St. Albans is situated on the Mfi Central Vermont Railroad. Its location offers all the benefits of the Mountain air, combined with the cool and refreshing winds from Lake Champlain. The panoramic views from St. Albans are among the finest in the Green Mountains. Aldis Hill, one-half mile from the American House ; the summit of Bellevue, accessible by ai easy carriage road, is within two miles of the Hotel, commanding on the east a view of Mounts AMERICAN HOUSE, ST. ALUANS.— S, I. STRvJUU, I'RUI'RIETOR. Mansfield and Jay ; on the west, a magnificent view of the Adirondacks, mountains, hills and plains, adorned All- Ron fid RoNtr n„J I) ^- and comfortable ho , e a.milr'''' '■'''"'''■'"■ "^''^<=--"''' -ith suite, of room,, oa^ormor™"^'"' '°^ ^^'■"^'-' We would also here ctII fh . .^ '.. ti-o".l. from Mon ,U ,0 ,:rK'°'\f """'^'^ S"'"^' Cottages, at Highgate S,. L r""^' '" "™- =">'' Alba.,., where fi ^ , / ^ T" '^■""- "<""' of St. yachting are found ^' '''"'"'"S' '^"'•""•g and »■''- is caned MitlS:::; ^ , -■J'"^- dock, on »nd quite a lake of itself bcl', ^^f °"-^'^"= d.amplain, and some forty miles tL ^^ t^T. '^ '"'''" kept here for quests •,,,.1 ■ . ^ row-boats are Bay is the best ,U-I| T''\ '" '"^ "'-""^ "^ "'- be found any , e : IP''^ '■";" [''-'^ ^ass fishing to desired. ' '' "' ''"^' ^"* ■''•°°"-"ff as can be Sixteen miles north of <^f- a ik "'tn 01 bt. Alban.sare the celebrated ALBURGII SPRINGS of St. Albans Iri ™"'"' "^"-■'-'" ""^^ *««' on the s::, tmr-jira^jt ■ °"-^" ''!;'■'• by water on pII «,• i '^'^'^^^^^y- ^t i.s .surrounded beautifully .^tui ■'':,:::: vi" ar"'!' ■^-^ '^^ Missisquoi Bay, which greatly ad'dft^ Sr^hLs^-j m i t l^l ^J 362 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. the temperature in summer, while its fine air, besides being cool and refreshing, is a complete antidote for asthma, catarrh or hay fever. The waters of the Lake and Bay offer great allurements to the sportsman and angler, and its boating is delightful. The Springs ire of the Sulphur and Lithia class, and its waters have at- tained a wide reputation for their curative qualities, the power and extent of which are well established. Good and experienced boatmen may be had at all times, and pleasant excursions made to numerous points on the Lake. The views from the Springs are very charming ; to the East, over the placid waters of the Missisquoi, may be seen the pleasant town of St. Albans, while in the background tower Mount Mansfield, Camel's Hump> Jay Peak, and further north a long range of mountains in Canada. From a little elevation, of easy access, there is a beautiful view across Lake Champlain to Rouse's Point, and the western horizon bounded by the Adiron- dack Mountains. The roads are good, and the drives and walks pleasant and numerous. The best hotel is the Alburgh Springs House, in a beautiful situation, and which has the reputation of being very comfortable and well kept. Passing onward from St. Albans, after a ride of eighteen miles, Essex Junction is reached, whence the tourist may, after an hour's ride, reach the beautiful town of BURLINGTON, (Vt.) which lies on the east shore of Burlington Bay, and occupies a gentle declivity descending toward the west, terminated by the lake, which up to this point quite narrow, here expands into a fine sheet of water, nearly if not quite All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 363 ten miles wide from the Vermont to the New York- shore Standing on the east declivity, say a mile from the lake and some 280 feet above its level, and looking on either hand you behold the most perfect picture of noble and varied natural scenery to be found in America and equalled in Europe, if it be equalled, only by the view of Lake Geneva, looking forth from Lausanne. Below you are the glittering waters of Champlain, broken here and there by lovely islands that lift their green heads above the waves at various points in this ten miles of lake, that stretches out between these " shining shores '^ Before you are the Adirondack Mountains of New York "all gleaming in purple and gold ;" behind you are the Green Mountains of Vermont, clad in garments of equal yet different glory. On your left is Shelburne Bay with Its curving coasts. On your right hand, your pleased eye follows the bending shore as it sweeps in faultless hnes to Rock Point. At Burlington, the tourist, who wishes to take in the exquisite scenery of the beautiful Champlain with its sinuous bays and breezy headlands (a more particular description of which will be found further on), will take one of the fine steamers of the Champlain Transportation Co. The drives are delightful in all directions leading out of Burlington. Mallet's Bay, a beautiful sheet of water full of excellent fish, is only six miles distant, and is reached by a road that gives you a general view of the Winooski River flowing through a stretch of charming- country; while the drive along the lake shore in Shelburne is equally attractive. Strangers should not fail to drive through the elegant grounds of Col. De i V] r » ; =1^ 364 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Grand B. Cannon, as from this commanding eminence can be gained the most perfect outlook in the city. Among the other points of interest is Green Mount Cemetery, where lies buried Ethan Allen, " The Hero of Ti — ," whose grave is marked with a handsome monument. Lake View Cemetery "Rock Point;" the beautiful residence of the late Bishop Hopkins, of the Episcopal Church, and the "High Bridge" on the Winooski, are also well worthy a visit ; all these points are approached by pleasant drives. Queen City Park and Pic-nic Grounds is a delightful spot situated on the shores of the beautiful Shelburne Bay, about two miles from Burlington, on the Rutland division of the Central Vermont Railroad. Returning to Essex Junction, the tourist may continue his journey to Bellows Falls, via White River Junction or Rutland. As there are many points of interest on either route, we shall mention the more prominent ones. Passing by the first route named, we speedily reach Montpelier, the Capital of Vermont and the handsomest, if not the largest, town in the State. There is an air of dignity, and repose about it which is attractive to the tourist, and (^he charms of the country surrounding it are unsurpassed by any other part of the State. MONTPELIER is on the Winooski river, and stands on what is said to have formerly been the bed of a lake. It is most plea- santly situated, and possesses many buildings worthy of the tourist's inspection. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 365 WATERBURY (Vt) went,. „,i,es from the su„,™it of Mount M^.d an en n„les from Mount Mansfield Hotel, a celetated summer resort ; eight nnles from Camel's Humo a oft mountain of almost equal attraction and notorTe'V tl miles from the o-rpnt w,„„ i • t.- ""i-"nety , tour form a natu ^\ ^ T ^'"°°'*'^' '^'™'-. "here the rocks w™re the Indi ^ ^' ''™" ""' "'^'' ^'"^ '^''5^ «™^ horses at ' fi"°'',"' ^'■°""'-^' ='"'^ g°°<' ^'^bling for Wegant s,x horse-coaches leave here morning and even- mg for Stowe and Mount Mansfield. THE VILLAGE OF STOWE. Situated in the Lamoille Valley, completelyflanked bv mountams,-the most conspicuous of which are Mansfield and VVorcester,-is the delightful village of Stowe co„ tammg a population of over 2,000 inhabitants. Stages connect with trains, morning and afternoon, at Water! bury, ten mdes distant, on the Vermont Central, and at Mornsvme, e.ght miles distant, on the Portland and Ogdensbnrg R. R. The scenery surrounding Stowe is 366 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. I;.' r i,<\' '. fU very beautiful, comprising the valley, which extends for many miles to the north-east ; Worcester mountain range at the east ; Camel's Hump at the south ; while at the west, Old Mount Mansfield towers in all its hoary grandeur. The mountain appears of peculiar shape, the outline of its summit resembling the human face, turned upward in a reclining posture. The north peak repre- sents the chin, the middle the nose, and the southern the forehead. The Chin, the highest summit, is 4,348 feet above the sea-level, and is the highest of the whole Green Mountain range. It is 3,800 feet above the village of Stowe, and 340 feet above the middle peak, or the Nose, which is 160 feet above the southern peak, the Forehead. The mountain summit is nine miles distant from the hotel which bears its name. There is a good carriage road from Stowe to the Summit House, which is situated at the very base of the Nose. For the first five miles this road is over the usual travelled highway ; when the mountain base is reached, the road branches off and the ascent commences. The path, however, is not very steep, and is kept in excellent order. Two miles and a half of a pretty steep ascent, for the greater part of the way through a magnificent forest, brings the traveller to the Half-way House. Here one ought to make a long pause to admire the splendid view spread out before him. The lovely valley of Stowe, which has just been left with 'its smooth green farms, lies at his feet, and beyond, the hills and high'-;r summits of the Green Mountain. In a clear day the summit of Mount Washington is dimly visible, though partially hidden by the nearer hills. A clear spring of pure water, a little ^"-Roimd Route aud Panoramic GtUdc. ^67 ascent of the remaining one and a half miles of the peak JtimZ ■''°°" -l^^-P-'^"^^ ■" an agreeable'and pleasant manner, requ.nng only about three hours' time from Stowe to the summit The view is hidden by he rees for the greater part of the way, but occasionalfy we catch surpnsmg glimpses of a wooded ravine, extending to the very base of the mountain, and far a;ay to h! north ,s Smuggler's Notch, through whose towerLg W ', are seen pleasant vistas, closed in the distance by beau ttful green fields. From the base of the Nose near th. summit of the mountain, fully 4,000 feet abo 'the evt of the sea, a fine view of the valley of the Stowe towards the vest is obtained, the wooded side of uZl Mansfield bemg visible to its very base, with no int venmg summit to obstruct the vision, the scene bdng on^ closed in by the White Mountain range ^ sea^lveT'"' if"' "T" ''"' '''^' '■°°' '''' ^l"-- "-e sea evel. Its ascent is made by a rough path on the western s.de, much resembling a flight of stairs The northern s,de presents a steep and precipitous descent down which you may look from the summit at least Z til K '"!, f "''"'' °'""^ '^'^^-^'' f™"" time to below. It ,s but a short walk from the hotel to the To ascend the Chin, however, requires more time though tlie journey is less fatiguing. There is no such precip.t,ous and giddy ascent, but the mountain slopes gently and gracefully away towards the hotel It is distant about a mile and a half from the Summit House and requires a longer time than the ascent of the Nose' r-* i \ ' ( V. \ I 368 All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide. As it is some 300 feet higher than the Nose, it conse- quently commands a more extended view. The scene that is spread out before the eye, on either of the summits is gorgeous and beautiful in the extreme. Spreading out before you on the west is the level, fertile land of Western Vermont, diversified by nretty hills, bordered by the silver waters of Lake Champlain, with the deep blue Adirondack Hills in the far distance be- yond. This view is singularly attractive. You see the farm-houses clustering into villages ; you can follow the courses of the winding, trout-laden streams among the hills and forests ; you can see the dark green of the waving corn, and can almost distinguish the farmers at their toil. The hills of Montreal may be seen to the north, and on a pleasant day the glistening spires of that city. Tue whole of Lake Champlain, from Fort Ticon- deroga to the extreme north, lies stretched out before you. Burlington, on its shore, can be easily identified. Owl's Head, on the shores of Lake Memphremagog, lies away to the north. In the south, rise Camel's Hump and others of the Green Mountain Range. From the Chin you may also look down into Smuggler's Notch, and even descend into it, if you have time and the necessary pluck. On the way to the Chin may be seen, in many places, parallel lines marked on the rocks in a uniform north and south direction. These have attracted much atten^ tion from geologists, who suppose they were left there by the glacier, when the mountain was covered by snow and ice, and it carried huge stones in its cold embrace. In one place are two huge boulders deposited on the /" All-Rmmd Route and Panoramic Guide, 369 mountain top, with the lines they made in reaching the eminence, visible a few feet from them. The " Old Man of Mansfield Mountain " will be pomted out to you on the eastern side of the Nose. The I^ofile is quite excellent, and the features possess an in- terestmg regularity. The next important point reached is WHITE RIVER JUNCTION, at which point the Northern Railway, the Connecticut Valley and the Passumpsic River Roads connect. The Jurfction House at this place has long been a favorite with the travelling public, and offers special attractions for tourists. From this point, passing over the Central Vermont Railroad, a ride of 40 miles brings us to BELLOWS FALLS, the most prominent town in Vermont. At this point the Connecticut River is compressed into a space less than 50 feet wide, and through this narrow gorge all the water must flow. The River makes a descent of 50 feet, though there is not any one perpendicular fall. In the rocks near the Falls are points which will prove of inter- est to the antiquarian. Returning to accompany those who proceed via the Rutland Route, a ride of 59 miles from Essex Junction, and the thriving town of BRANDON is reached. This town contains two singular caverns worthy of a visit. Minerals of different kinds abound, and extensive marble quarries are also in operation. Leaving Brandon we pass 24 370 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, RUTLAND. This place is best known in connection with the cele- brated marble quarries, from which large quantities of fine white marble are annually shipped by railroad. From this point the tourist, by taking the Delaware and Hua- son Road, can proceed direct to Troy, and thence by the Hudson River Road to New York. He may, however, continue his journey from Rutland to Bellows Falls, thence via Connecticut River Railway to New Haven, passing on his way through 3PRINGFIELD, with its celebrated factories and substantially built edi- fices, and, should he feel desirous of remaining over, he could not do better than take up his abode, during his stay in the place, at the Massasoit House, Messrs. M. & E. S. Chapin, proprietors, where we can assure him that all the comforts desirable will be readily obtained, and he will leave the city with pleasant recollections of his visit. The distance between New Haven and New York will be speedily traversed, and the tourist will find himself once more in the Metropolis. TO NEW YORK AND BOSTON via SOUTH EASTERN RAILWAY. Another, and exceedingly pleasant and popular direct route between Montreal, Boston a\id New York, is that via the South Eastern Railway and its connections. The tourist by adopting ' this route passes through the most enchanting regions of Canada, Central, Northern Ver- mont, and the beautiful Lakes of Memphremagog and Winnepesaukee. From Montreal to Lake Memphrema- All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 37 1 gog, going over the South Eastern Railroad, the scenery is the finest to be found in Lower Canada, and it is the charm and attraction of this route to pleasure travellers that it affords a continuous panorama of Mountain, Lake and River views, which are nowhere surpassed in their attractive loveliness. There are Jay Peak and Owl's Head, Lake Memphremagog, Crystal Lake, the White Mountains, Lake Winnepesaukee, and the lovely Pas- sumpsic, Connecticut and Merrimac River Valleys, and the whole route forms a most delightful and fascinating trip. For those who have not the time or the wish to visit either the Mountains or the Lakes, this road affords attractions equally strong with those it presents to pleasure travellers. Leaving Montreal at the Grand Trunk Station and pass- ing onward by Chambly, the tourist speedily finds himself winding trough the lovely Mountains, passing at the foot of Jay Peak. The name * Green Mountains ' is truly ap- propriate, and it may be applied to the green hills which surround us on every hand. Scarcely has the tourist passed this point until the flourishing town of Newport, Vt., is reached. Approaching this town the road skirts the shores of the beautiful Lake Memphremagog, which is well worthy of a visit. LAKE MEMPHREMAGOG is a beautiful sheet of water, situated partly in Vermont, and partly in Canada. It is 35 miles long, and varies from 2 to 5 miles in width. Its shores are rock-bound and indented with beautiful bays, between which jut out bold, wooded headlands, backed by mountain ranges. Newport, at the head of the lake, is reached in about 372 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. four hours from Montreal. Here the tourist will find an excellent hotel, the Memphremagog Hou'e, of which W. F. Bowmai. is manager. This gentleman, who was proprietor of the House from 1869 to 1877, and is widely known as a popular and efficient manager, last season took over the House again, and has by attention and 'ii' MEMPHREMAGOG HOU.SE, NEWPORT, VT. urbanity, succeeded in making Newport now so favorably known as a place of summer resort, more attractive than ever in the accommodation and comfort which will be found in the hotel. The house is beautifully situated on the margin of the lake, near the .steamboat landing and railway station, and commands charming It has a length of 180 feet and views at all points. i[|ii ind an which lo was widely reason >n and Drably 2 than 1 will tifully mboat rming t and (/ MOimtEAL & BO! {Houth Eastern Bailwayt t Button and Ixn TO Tl White and Frano I LAKE MEMPHREMAeoa, i PORTLAND, OLD I i I BOSTON AND TLe Only Line Running Throuf Old Orchard Beach, via th< ►o|50 I'BW^aoi This Route is through the most England, and affords a constant success J^ountain Scenery. The service is perfe CARS being run between MONTR ORCHARD BEACH, via Fabyan ' Mountain Notch, and DRAWING-RO! MONTREAT. and BOSTON. Passengers from Montreal and the approach to the White Mountain regior the great Hotels and centres of resort, Profile House, Maplewood, the Twi HONTEEAl & BOSTON AIB USE. (South Eastern RaUway, Passumpnic Railroad, and Boaton and Lowell Mailroad, TO TBB and Franconia Mountains, LAKE MEMPHREMAeoe, LAKE WINNEPESAUKEE, PORTLAND, OLD ORCHARD BEACH, - BOSTON AND NEAV YORK. The Only Line Running Through Parlor Cars to Portland & Old Orchard Beach, via the White Mountain Notch. This Route is through the most beautiful part of Canada and New England, and affords a constant succession of picturesque River, I^ke and Mountain Scenery. The service is perfect, ELEGANT DRAWING-ROOM CARS being run between MONTREAL and PORTLAND and OLD ORCHARD BEACH, via Fabyan House and the celebrated White Mountain Notch, and DRAWING-ROOM and SLEEPING CARS between MONTREAL and BOSTON. Passengers from Montreal and the West will f.nd this the direct line of approacli to the White Mountain region. Connecting Trains are run to "11 the great Hotels and centres of resort, including Bethlehem, Jefferson, the Profile House, Maplewood, the Twin Mountain, Fabyan and Crawford Houses, and the summit of Moimt Washington. BOS The route by the AIR LINE 1 port (Lake Memphremagog), Wells Concord and Lowell. There is a s Sleeping ar..i Drawing-Room Cars, connectioa there with New Yorl England may be promptly reached with its romantic and picturesque the loveliest resorts in America, am most favored of Summer resorts. THE NE Montreal Without a peer in its grand er constantly changing vistas of Lake, line gives the pleasure traveller spe^ polls of the Canadas to the sea, \ hill tops upon her island-studded ba Past Memphremagog ; along th through the heart of the White Moi gate, the iron path-way leads, cou which now winds mid the groves of the rock-bound coast of Miiine. No other route of travel has so day's journey by rail. New York Office— 207 Brot Boston Office -240 Washing Montreal Office, BOSTON. route by the AIR LINE between Montreal and Boston is via Ncw- ke Memphremagog), Wells River, Plymouth, Lake Winnepesaukee, and Lowell. There is a splendid service of Elegant Pullman Palace ar-.i Drawing-Room Cars, with two trains each way daily, and in 01 there with New York, and every imnortant point in New may be promptly reached. romantic and picturesque shores, has a world-wide fame as one of iest resorts in America, and the Memphremagog House is one of the ored of Summer resorts. THE NEW ROUTE t ontreal to the Sea out a peer in its grand environment throughout ; unequalled in its y changing vistas of Lake, River and Peak, this new and luxurious 1 the pleasure traveller speedy transit by daylight from the metro- he Canadas to the sea, where fair Portland looks down from her upon her island-studded bay. Memphremagog ; along the sparkling swift flood of the Passumpsic ; he heart of the White Mountains, and out at their majestic eastern iron path-way leads, coursing down beside the impetuous Saco, w winds mid the groves of Conway's mead, and then leads down to jound coast of Maine. ther route of travel has so much, nor Its half, to offer in a single ney by rail. )rk Office— 207 Broadway. Office -240 Washington Street. \l Office, 202 St. James Street. —J , -I i. I All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 373 height of three storeys, with lawn in front always green, and laid out tastefully in walks, and is surrounded by fine, high piazzas, fourteen feet in width. It con- tains about four hundred bedrooms, a grand dining- hall with a seating capacity of four hundred at one time, an elegantly furnished parlour, billiard, reading, and smoking rooms, hot and cold water baths, electric bells connecting with the office. All the furniture and appointments are of the latest style of modern improve- ment, while the health and safety of guests are provided for by contrivances for ventilation, and for protection against fire. The cuisine is first class, and the utmost courtesy and attention are always shown by the officers -of the house and the attendants to guests. Besides the many beautiful trips to different parts of the lake, there are a number of equally beautiful and pleasant drives within easy distance of theMemphremagog House, some of which are to Indian Point, Trolling Park, Clyde River Falls, two miles distant, Derby Centre, four miles, Cov- entry Falls, (three routes) six miles. Bear Mountain, (fine view of lake), seven miles, Beebe Plain, seven miles, Stanstead, ten miles. Fitch's Bay, P. O., (view of lake,) eleven miles, Bolton Springs, fourteen miles, and Jay Peak, (height 4,018 feet), fifteen miles. From this point a steamer plies daily the whole length of the Lake. JAY PEAK should be visited if time permit. It is 4000 feet high, and commands a fine view of the entire range of the Green Mountains, the Franconia Range, and the Adirondacks, with Lake Champlain also. The 374 All-RoHiid Route and Panoramic Guide. owl's head rises 3000 feet above the Lake, and commands, in fine weather, an extensive view. There are several points of interest along the Lake and its vicinity. A drive to Mount Orford, the highest mountain in the Province of Quebec, could not fail to give pleasure. On the southern shore of the Lake is a wonderful natural curiosity, known as the Balance Rock, a large mass of granite poised on a narrow- point. owl's head — on the west shore OE lake iMEMPHREMAGOG. The eastern shore of the Lake in ^his vicinity is niuch improved and adorned ivith handsome residences, the finest being the beautiful summer villa of the late Sir Hugh Allan, of Steamship fame. Mount Elephantis, or Sugar Loaf Mountain, is seen to advantage from this point. At Newport, connection is made with the Connecticut and Passumpsic River Road, which passes through the beautiful Passumpsic valley, with its romantic scenery and thriving towns and villages. At Wells River, the tourist All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide. 375 will take the Boston, Concord, Montreal, and White Mountains Railway, which passes through some of the MOUNT ORFORD— THE HIGHEST MOUNTAIN IN LOWER CANADA. finest scenery imaginable, and traverses for a distance of over 20 miles the shores of the ever charming Lake Win- nepesaukee. Arriving at Concord, the tourist takes the BALANCE ROCK, LAKE MEMPHREMAGOG. Boston, Lowell and Concord Railway to Nashua, thence Lowell, and Nashua Bailroad to the city of Boston. % 376 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. At Well's River, the tourist may with but little loss of time visit the whole of the grand scenery of the White Mountains. In fact, for variety of scene, comfort in tra- vel, and other advantages, this homeward route has much to commend it to the tourist. Tourists for New York pass from Wells River to White River Junction, via Connecticut and Passumpsic River Railroad, thence to South Vernon via Central Vermont. The journey is then continued via Connecticut River Rail- ovvl's head and mount elephantis— as seen from the railroad, north of newport. road, through Springfield, and via New York, New Haven and Hartford Railway to New York. LAKE CHAMPLAIN ROUTE. We have thought it desirable to add to our Guide a brief sketch of one of the most interesting and attractive lines of travel presented in the whole country. It is ren- dered such by the exquisite and varied beauty of the scenery, by the thrilling historic associations impressed All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide, 377 upon it, by the rare accommodation and comfort of its steamers to the tourist, and by being the most direct and eligible route between Saratoga, the White Mountains, Mount Mansfield, the Adirondacks, Montreal and Quebec. It combines many decided and peculiar advantages, and prominent among these is the pleasant change from the dust and heat of the cars to the spacious and airy stea- mers. Lake Champlain stretches a distance of 120 miles, almost due north and south, and seems designed by the hand of Nature to form an avenue of commerce and social intercourse. Travellers, who have widely explored the objects of interest in the New and Old World, unite in pronouncing the waters and environs of Champlain the most beautiful and impressive the eye can rest upon. Varied features unite to complete the panorama. The waters of the Lake, whether reposing in a calm, or surging under the power of a tempest, are indescribably beautiful ; but this attraction is infinitely enhanced by the islands, which, in varied forms, stud its bosom ; by the peninsu- las which pierce it ; and by the bold, rocky precipices tl at hang over the Lake. The shores on either side are impressive and beautiful : now a long line of rugged cliffs, crowned by dense forests, appears, and now, smiling in luxurious ranges of culture and elegance, embellished by farm houses, mansions and villages, with their glittering spires. All this scene of beauty is enhanced by the dark framew^ork of mountains, that impart magnificence to the whole. i] CHAMPLAIN AND LAKE GEORGE. Passengers leaving Montreal by the Montreal and Champlain Division of the Grand Trunk Railway will cross 37 S All-Ron f id Route and Panoramic Guide. the mammoth Victoria Bridge, and arc rapidly transported to Plattsburg, where they will remain over night, taking the majestic steamers " Vermont " and " Horicon," of the Champlain Transportation Co. next morning, which form a day line in either direction passing through both lakes going south; they leave Piattsburgh every morning, Sundays excepted, via Port Kent. Ausable Chasm, Burlington and May Landings, reaching Fort Ticon- deroga, at noon (dinner after arrival), here the tourist can take an observation car around Mt. Defiance to Baldwin, Lake George, steamers to Caldwell where direct connections are made through to Saratoga, Troy, and Albany, the same afternoon. Passengers who desire to go through both lakes should leave Montreal by afternoon train; ; id Saratoga, Piattsburgh, etc., tourists, leaving these points above referred to, do not pass through Lake Champlain, but reach Saratoga via Lake George the same afternoon in time for supper. These vessels are models of elegance, neatness, and comfort. They are regarded as second to none on. the continent for their power and safety, the perfect accommodation they afford, their spacious staterooms and cabins, and the sumptuous tables they spread. Having reached Plattsburg, which modern events have rendered the most conspicuous point on the Lake, the tourist will soon discover that a sojourn of more than a single day will be required for an inspection of its varied objects of interest. The military works made memorable in the siege of Plattsburg in 1814, will claim his attention, nor will he fail to make a pilgrimage to the military graves, in the cemetery. The drives are delightful, and that to the Ausable Chasm must not in any event be neglected. Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, ^jc} The small island lying to the left, on leaving Plattsburg, was named St. Michael by the French ; it was occupied after the battle of 1814, as an hospital, and was then known as " Hospital Island," but is now called " Crab Island." We immediately after enter Valcour Strait, in which the first action in 1776 occurred, between the British and American fleets. The tiny islet south of Valcour, tradition a; serts, was at an early period occupied successively by the French and British naval officers, for the cultivation of vegetables and flowers, and it still bears the name of "Garden Island." Nearly opposite this island is situated the Delta of the Ausable River — a sin- gularly beautiful stream. We next reach Port Kent, an important landing-place for the rich valley of the Ausable River. It is five miles from the flourishing village of Keeseville, and three miles from the Ausable Chasm. This wonderful'work of nature attracts yearly increasing crowds of visitors. It has been truly said that a view of this scene rewards a voyage from Europe ; the pen and the pencil equally fail in attempts to adequately delineate it, — to be appreciated, it should be deliberately explored and surveyed. No traveller in pursuit of pleasure, or de- sirous to examine the phenomena of nature, should omit to devote a sufficient time to the inspection of this most interesting spot. It is formed by the egress of the Ausable River, from the northern end of the Adirondack Mountains into Lake Champlain. The river has carved a channel in some places reaching a depth of two hundred feet, leaving precipices of every shape towering above the dark water. At one place the river is compressed to a breadth of only ten feet. The waters dash madly through their confined channel and are precipitated over falls^ 38o All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. AUSABtE CHASM, All-Ronmi Route and Panoramic Guide. 381 cascades, and rapids, the first fall bein^ twenty, and the second, sixt> feet high. The length of the Chasm proper is nearly two miles, and its sides and top are fringed with cedars, which cast a sombre shadow over it, and add to its mysterious grandeur. The Ausable Company have made extensive improvements to facilitate access to and easy exploration of this wonderful gorge. The chasm may be reached, via Port Kent from J^urlington or Plattsburg, from Keeseville, or the depot at Peru ; or a particularly pleasant route is enjoyed by a drive of twelve miles from Plattsburg along the margin of the Lake. The Delaware & Hudson Railway issue tickets every season, permitting passengers to stop off at Plattsburg, and visit the Chasm. Mount Trembleau, a graceful promontory interesting as being the last spur of the Alleghanies upon the Lake, stands immediately south of Port Kent. The steamer now enters upon the vvidest portion of the lake. A panoramic view is here unfolded, which blends, in rare felicity and beauty, the wildest magnificence with the most exquisite loveliness ; the waters spread out in a broader expanse than the eye can easily embrace, and are broken, and embellished by countless islands and headland. Burlington reposes in tranquil beauty in the east, and beyond are delineated the outlines of the Green Mountains, with the profile of each summit clearl)- defined upon the horizon. In the west, Lion Mountain and the broken groups of the Adirondacks pierce the sky in unnumbered peaks. At times, when we contemplate the western sky, in the declining day, and the atmosphere is radiant with the beams of the setting sun, the scene becomes grand and gorgeous beyond description, — earth 382 AU.Ro„„d Route and Pamramk Guide. and air mountains an.l lak-os, arc ball,al in a (rioriou, horc^ s and., a massive lighthouse which is erected on a reef and seems to arise from the bosom of the water Burl,n,ton appears to peculiar advantage as we app^ ch be ,;:fT'?°":. "'"""'>' ^^'^ "-"'^"•"^ -''-for .h prosperity. Many of ,ts public edifices and private nian- Mons arc among the finest of graceful „d el " t architecture. Almost in the track of the stean.er fh southern route, "Rock DunH.-r" , i.- u ":'^' """^"^ H^. from the lake, iust^fy^ Lll^^o r;:!^' 7l °^^'!^7'^'" '■'-•^"^d upon the beautiful waters of the ^ke established by treaty as the boundary between he Mohawks and their hereditary enemies, the Algonquins Soon after, Shelburn Bay will be observed, a deep in dentation on the left This ;. ti, . u- ^ Steamboar Cr. i I ^"""^ shipyard of the colto r • Z " "'"^ '""'''"'' 'heir vessels, and collect their condemned hulks, here to fall into decay The vas form of Mount Mansfield towers remotely Tn' de:c;°alT- °". *--'-" "-on, the tourist'w descry a lofty peak jutting up from the Green Mountains The imagining of a slight fancy will delineate the " King of Beasts reposing amid the clouds, his erect head, his flowing „, , , d huge rocky paws. The French c lied slet^ lying nearly at the cardinal points, designated by *?Fo 'b' "I^'-^-q-fe-venuts," arenowkil ^ h t A : 1 °"'"''- ^""^ '^''^ '^'^"d^ Arnold fought h.. last battle with Carlton. At the foot of the long All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide, 3 83 peninsula on the western sliore, nou- named Willsboro' Point, IS the mouth of an important stream, the Bouquet river, embowered by trees and bushes. This was the sight of Gilland's colony in 1765. and the scene of Burgoynes famous Indian Treaty. Soon after we pass the beautiful village of Essex. Three miles beyond, and near the Light House we are approaching, is a remark- able natural curiosity. This is "Split Rock," ( oehe f endue of the French), a naked cone separated from the mainland by a narrow fissure, and seems to have been carved from the rock itself. We next reach the pleasant village of Westport. Nine miles beyond, we stop at the thriving village of Port Henry, where the immense pro- duct of the iron ore beds of that district is shipped in every direction. In the passage from Essex the dark sierra of the Green Mountains is distinctly revealed racing a marked outline upon the horizon, while diV located spurs of the Adirondacks are occasionally pro- tected from the mountains beetling into the lake, but their rough and rugged forms do not betray the inex- haustible wealth teeming in their bosoms. Directly south of Port Heniy, across Bullwagga Bay, is situated the Peninsula of Crown Point. Chimney Point, which was occupied by the French in 173 1, and the ruins of Crown Point, are on opposite sides of the lake, and separated by a narrow passage ; there the expanse of the lake ter minates and the long river-like channel, which continues to Whitehall, commences. When we contemplate the silence- and repose which now rests upon Crown Point we can hardly realize that, in a former epoch, it was animated by the pomp and glories of war, or that it was once the mart of a large commerce, conducted by a busv 384 All-Ronnd Route and Panoramic Guide.. population. We soon pass the draw of the railroad bndge, a work of great importance and interest. The tounst w,ll next perceive the venerable ruins of old rifff JT' °r^"=°"'^'''-°g»' 'ooming up on a high rocky chff at the confluence of the waters of Lakes George and Champian,. Mount Defiance stands on the opposite of the former, and,;Mount Independence on the eastern .hore of the Lake. Ticonderoga is now the southern term„,us of the Stean.boat Line, and here connection is made w,th drains to Lake George, or to Whitehall, Saratoga, and southern points. The completion of the railroad line between Lakes George and ChamplaJn i. an attractive feature of the Lake George route, as a tedious stage ride is avoided. There are two daily lines of steamers each way through Lake George to Caldwell. ^ V ^V ^'^''f^'^^^^ the tourist can take passage to New /ork by the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.ys R R to . roy and Albany ; thence by rail or river, to New York. TO LONG BRANCH, ROCKAWAY, CONEY iSLAxND, MANHATTAN BEACV, OCEAN GROVE AND CAPE MAY. v^OURISTS desiring to visit the far-famed resorts of ^WJ the Northern New Jersey coast, should take at New th r TV^^ ^''' ^°'^ ""^ ^^"^ ^^^"^"h Division of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, starting from the foot of Liberty Street or the steamboat from Pier No. 8 North River, and connecting at Sandy Hook with the New Jersey Southern Railroad to Philadelphia. Admirable facilities are offered by the Pennsylvania Railroad during the sum mer season ; three express trains, with parior cars attached AU-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide. 385 run between Philadelphia and Long Branch daily. The route js by the New York Division to Monmouth June! on thence over the old Freeholc and Jamesbury Rail- road to seag,rt, and from this point over the Central Railroad of New Jersey to Long Branch. On Saturday an extra tram leaving Philadelphia after noon will reac^h Long Branch (93 miles) in two hours and sixteen min- ..Th.! ?.t"""lT'°^"' °" *" Long Branch Division .s the best that the Pennsylvania Railroad affords. The the r' H^'.^'o""^ R-'™''d Company, lessee of Philad T r\ ^""''■"'^'^ -- fi-t-class trains from Ph,lade.ph,a directly to Long Branch, Ocean Grove, etc vm Elizabeth and the New York and Long Branch Di^ v.s,on of the Central Railroad, especially for the sea-shore busmess. During the present summer the Company pro- poses to mcrease its facilities. ' ' ' t' If the tourist should decide to leave New York from o;:l ;■ ■ r^"" ^''''- ^''^^ °' '^^^'^ s*-')- - eith" 01 the first-class steamers, which make during the "season" some SIX or seven trips daily between New York and Long Branch, he will first view the many beautiful sights ™.ch make New York Bay the most famous harbo! in r t trw-n- *' ''" "^ ^^"^ ^°^^'^"°^''* I^'-d, with old Cattle W,lham m the foreground. On the right Gibbett and Bedlois Islands, all fortified to the water's edge Sail- ing on, we view over our left bow the Long Island shore, XT^Kr^l ''"'^'"' "^ ^'y ^''^^'- ^""Ided with villa.s R,ght ahead are the stately hiils of Staten Islan d and on our approach to the " Narrows," the gate to the Atlantic Ocean, our attention is called to Fort Tomkins and the granite walk of Fort Richmond, and its outlyin- batter.es on our right, while on our left stands Fort r5 386 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. Lafayette, grim, silent, and isolated, and back of it the for- midable fortification of Fort Hamilton. Beyond these, to the south-east, is Coney Island, and still further on we obtam a distant view of Rockaway. Entering the lower bay, a sort of miniature ocean, we pass incoming and outgomg vessels of all sizes and of all nations, from the fisherman's sloop and pleasure yacht to the stately Cunarder, and after about an hour's delightful sail from New York we reach SANDY HOOK, or the "HORSESHOE," one of the finest and safest harbors in the ivoHd. Here we may see, at times, a hu- ired sail anchored, awaitii.g the safety signals of " Old rrv,i>"to venture out to sea. In a few moments passengers and baggage are trans- ferred to a train of comfortable cars, and we are soon speeding through a dense growth of luxuriant cedars and holly on the Government Reservation. Passing Highlands, Seabright, Monmouth Beach, in one and a half hour's time from New York, our train rolls mto the depot of the " Brighton of America," and durin- President Grant's eight years of office popularly known as the " summer capital." LONG BRANCH. |ONG Branch is one of the most fortunate, as far as position, accessibility and climate are concerned, •of the watering-places on the Atlantic coast, and with these advantages at the outset, it has naturally be- come one of the most famous resorts of the fashionable and wealthy society of New York and Philadelphia. As a A!l.Ro,md Route and Panoramic Guide. 387 .ummer retreat it is less expensive than Newport and Saratoga, and quite as beautiful as either. Society t here, ,s generally mo re denmcratic; fashion decrees no rigid course of conduct, and is therefore less exact- ing of her votaries, than at many other resorts in which the fashionable world takes no greater interest. The site of Long Branch is upon a bluff which af- fords a splendid drive over- looking the sea. The cli- mate is as delightful as that of any other part of the New Jersey coast ; which is saying quite sufficient in its favour. The interior of the country is fertile and pleasant. There are no salt marshes or sandy plains in the neighborhood, and as the hotel-keepers say, no mosquitoes ; in fact. Long Branch is as well suited to rest and recreation for the weary, as to the pleasures and pastimes which city folks quite as often seek in going to the country or sea-shore for the summer. These natural advantages are adjacent, and within easier 388 ^i^-Roimd Route and Pa7ioraniic Guide. access than any other watering-place, to the commercial centres-New York, and Philadelphia. The remarkably safe sea-bathing facilities, an entire immunity from an- noying insects and other causes combined, have elevated this notable resort to the first rank in the country. The " Bluff" here finds no parallel upon the Atlantic coast, extendmg, as it does, five miles continuously, and at an elevation of not less than twenty feet above the beach from which it rises abruptly ; the plateau behind formi the famous - ocean avenue " drive, and constitutes a de- hghtful promenade, with paths and broad walks, through grec. sward and summer-houses in front of hotels and cottages. The natural healthfulness of Long Branch and Its surroundings are well-known. Bounded by the At- lantic ocean on the east, by well-drained and fertile farm- ing lands on the south and west, and by the Shrewsbury river and its branches on the north, supplied with pure water by its securely constructed water- works, it possesses every requisite for a salubrious locality. A dozen first-class hotels lining the bluff, with many others on the avenues leading back from the ocean, give ample accommodation for all comers. Pleasure Bay is the most delightful boating locality in the vicinity of the Branch. It is reached by a short drive of a mile and a half, and presents a most inviting appear- ance to the devotee of aquatic :,ports. Oysters, crabs, clam-bakes, &c., are here served up in a style of cuisine that is seldom equalled. The drives are, beyond question, the finest of any sea- side resort, and so numerous and varied that one can select a different route for almost every day in the "season," without their becoming in the least monotonous. All-Round Route aud Panoramic Guide. 389 One of the attractive features of the " Branch " during the months of July and August is the races, under the l^l t,on of the Monmouth Park Association, on their track" O eanport. It ,s by far the best in America, being aful m,le, w,th wide sweeping turns, and visible in every por- tion from the grand stand ; its homestretch is a strafght dash of a quarter mile, and cannot be equalled. It affords plenty of room for the large field of horses for wh ch l^ong ^.anch .meetings are famous. on^L%'°""'r '^ 'f "'' '■"'^ ^'"■'=«l^'Ph'-«. will continue on the ram from Long Branch, passing through many pleasant villages to Camden (opposite Philadelphia), with^ cally, th,s Ime of travel, between New York and Phil- adelphia, w,ll be found delightful. We will now call the tounsts attention to a few of the n.ost popular summer resorts m the vicinity of these cities. LONG ISLAND. IT is not long since the opinion was given to the world m that the mterior of Long Island contained nothing "*- of greater mterest to the tourist than heaps of desert sand and forests of low shrub-trees left unfinished by the Creator and neglected by man. The Island was recog- nized a few years ago as a geographical fact, and that ■vas all. Its northern shores were notable chiefly as the boundary of the waters of the Sound, while its southern ones had become familiar to .vu-spaper readers through ternble and frequent marl,..: ,):.asters. The past three years, however, have worked a wonderful change in the fortunes of Long Island. Thousands of people have ex- plored It from end to end ; tourists have found there ail 390 AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. the delights of pure country air and the finest beaches in the country ; artists in exploring its coasts have found an inexhaustible field for sketching, while business men have just come to a realization of its south-western shores, their accessibility to New York, and the conveni- ent and delightful escape ther." afford from the enervating atmosphere of the over-heated city. The unsavory re- putation of old Loney Islaml is too recent a memory soon to be forgotten, and the growth of the Island dur- mg the past three years, until it has become the foremost of American watering-places, is the more remarkable, be- cause it is unparalleled in the history of our summer re^ sorts. 7 he various railroads and steamboat lines by which the Island was readied, attested, on several days of last August, their capacity for moving more than 200,- 000 passengers from New York to Coney Island be- tween sunrise and sunset. The small island was over- run by multitudes of people, and those who could find a seat on the hotel piazzas, Bauer's platform, or the Iron Pier, were more fortunate than a good many others, who,, for the want of a resting-place were obliged to move about with the restless multitude, animated only by a common purposelessness. The hotel-keepers have learned several valuable lessons by the experience of last sum- mer, and the travellers of the present one are likely to benefit by it. The imperfect drainage, which was a sub- ject of continued complaint last year, has been overcome, it is confidently promised, by the erection of a number of hermetically sealed tahks, which will be cleared as often as required and by a process of chemical disinfection, which has been tried with success in the South. The Brighton Beach Pavilion has been enlarged, and All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 391 the platform in front of the West Brighton Beach Hote has been extended 160 feet into the sea. Paul Bauer's Platform, near the Iron Pier will provide seats for about 15,000 persons, and the contiguous band-stand will be occupied in the afternoon and evening by a first-class band. One of the most noticeable improvements at Coney Island is a lawn and flower-garden, which now extends several hundred feet east from the Brighton Beach Hotel, covering what was formerly a wide tract of marsh-land.. Another railroad has b en added to the traveling facilities. The New York and Brighton Beach Railroad, from Locust Grove to Coney Island, has a double steel track, and is thoroughly equipped with rolling-stock. The time from New York City to Brighton Beach, over the new road, is only twenty- seven minutes. The Brighton Railroad, from Hunter's Point and Platbush avenue, Brooklyn, to the Brighton Hotel ; Manhattan Railroad, from Bay Ridge and Long Island City to the Manhattan Beach Hotel ; the Prospect Park and Coney Island Railroad, from Greenwood to the West Brighton Beach; the Sea Beach Railroad, from Bay Ridge to Sea Beach Palace, and the Brooklyn, Bath and Coney Island Railroad from Locust Grove to Coney Island, now offer first-class facilities for summer travel about the first of June. The flotilla of steamboats running between Coney Island and New York will begin their half-hourly trips early in the season. There will be an independent line of steamers during the summer running between Coney Island and Long Branch ; and another, making hourly trips between Rockaway and Coney Island. Rockaway, with its fine beach and pure air, has its numerous votaries as well as Coney Island. 392 AU-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. It is plentifull)^ supplied with hotels and attractions, and has extensive railway communication with New York Greenport. a quiet little seaport town at the eastern termmus of the Long Island Railroad, will take a pro- mment place this season among Long Island resorts through a new summer route to Newport, via Greenport. Express trains will leave Long Island City and Brooklyn about noon, arriving at Greenport(94 miles) in two hours and a quarter, connecting there with the steamer for Block Island, Newport, Martha's Vineyard and Nan- tucket. The sea journey to Newport occupies about four hours. Returning, the boat will leave Newport in the mornmg, connecting with a fast express at Greenport the passengers arriving at New York after a six hours and a half journey from Newport. The summer arrange- ment of trains on the Long Island Railroad will probably provide for three express trains each way, making only one stop between Lc^g Island City, Brooklyn and Greenport. Steamers ^ ' make daily trips across the bounds to New Londou and New Saybrook, at the mouth of the Connecticut River, and towards the interior the eye is greeted with green fields and prosperous West Jersey farms, a striking contrast to the wastes of sand or unwholesome marshlands which summer travellers have so often to gaze upon in approaching the sea-shore. Rail- road trains whiri their passengers through the pretty village, giving glimpses here and there of hotels great and small, spacious country residences, and long shady avenues bordered by cosy cottages. At length the passenger is set down at the West Jersey Station, and the clear blue waters of the Atlantic tumble in on the white beach fairiy at his feet. From the broad walk, which extends along Ali-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 393 the beach from the railroad station to the Stockton and Congress Hall hotels, a fair idea of the town may be had. It is a bright picture, pervaded with an air of refinement and prosperity and full of hope for the pleasure-seeker. The fire which destroyed so large a portion of Cape May. m the winter of 1878-79, was speedily repaired. New and finer hotels rose from the ashes of the old ones, and were in readiness even by the opening of ti.e season of 1880 ; hence the aspect of Cape May from the beach is one of prosperity and life ; the new buildings give the im- pression of a newly created watering-place, while the con- tiguous grounds show the advantage of the care and atten- tion that have been bestowed upon them for years. The two largest hotels on the island are the Stockton and Congress Hall (reconstructed for the summer season), both of which have accommodation for about 800 guests, and are, in every sense, first-class hotels. The facilities for reaching Cape May have been vastly improved, and if the season IS as prosperous as it promises to be, the Vv^est Jersey Railroad will need all the advantages of its excellent rolling-stock and fine road-bed to meet the demands made upon them. The summer arrangement of trains on the West Jersey will probably provide for express trains leaving Philadelphia at convenient hours, both in the morning and in the afternoon. The time between Phila- delphia and Cape May {81 miles) is only two hours. Returning, express trains will leave Cape May probably about the same time during the day as last season. In addition to these there will be an accommodation train each way. The rolling-stock of the West Jersey has been increased by a large number of new summer excursion cars, built on the admirable model of the new cars used 394 All-Roimd Route and Pamnimic Guide, in the fast express service of the New York Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. One of the pleasantest routes to Cape May during the summer months is by the lar^re excursion steamer •• Republic," which will leave Race Street Wharf early in the morning, and, after a pleasant trip down the Delaware, reaches Cape May Point about noon. A narrow gauge runs to Cape May City, five miles distant. Leaving the Point again about three o'clock the " Republic," arrives at Philadelphia early in the evening. Baltimore sends to Cape May quite as large a portion of her fashionable world as comes from Philadelphia. The society at the Island is bright, animat- ed, refined and hospitable, as it can afford to be, for the visitors at Cape May belong to the best class of summer travellers. The " season " opens at the Stockton Hotel, in June every summer. Atlantic City, situated on the Atlantic coast, sixty miles south-east of Philadelphia, has a resident population during the summer months slightly exceeding that of Cape May, but the transient visitors in the height of the season fairly outstrip that of any watering-place south of Coney Island. It was opened to the public a little more than a quarter of a century ago, and since then it is indebted for its rapid growth and steadily increasing popularity to an unusually fine climate, both in winter and summer, a good beach, generous hotel accommoda- tions, and the admirable facilities the Camden and Atlantic Railroad have always offered for going there. The adjacent coast is 'broken into many inlets and bays, which now afford the best opportunities for boating, fish- ing and gunning, sports that bring hundreds of visitors to Atlantic City every year. The improvements made All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 395 last season are likely to work a wonderful change in the fortunes of Atlantic City— a change that was anticipated n' the scores of new buildings which were constructed there. In addition to the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, and the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Narrow Gauge Railroad, which transported thousands to and from the sea-shore every day of last season, the We Jersey Railroad opened last summer a new railroad to Atlantic City, from Camden, by way of Newfield, a station on the West Jersey (Cape May) Railroad, about thirty miles from Philadelphia. The new railroad opened in 1880, from Newfield to Atlantic City is thirty-four miles in length, laid with steel rails and on a road-bed prepared for the fastest express trains. The new railroad, which is about four miles longer from Philadelphia than the Camden and Atlantic, reaches Atlantic City, at the junction of Atlantic and Baltic avenues, the station fronting on both streets. Trains leave Camden (from Philadelphia by Market street ferry) for Atlantic City over the West Jersey Railroad at con- venient hours during the day, and they run five fast ex- press trains over the new railroad between Philadelphia and Atlantic City every day. One stop is made at New- field, and the running time does not exceed one hour and a half. On the other hand, the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, is well equipped with new rolling-stock, a well- ballasted track, has a new and large station at Camden,, and a new iron ferry-boat crossing the Delaware Trom their station at the Vine street wharf to Camden, and will open this season, better prepared than ever, to meet the tide of summer travel. Four express' trains run tO' Atlantic City daily, without a stop. The running time IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // ^ i ^ A 4. <>/ f/. •«- i.O I.I 1.25 |50 IM IIIIIM 2.2 lis lil|^ 1.8 11111= \A ill 1.6 <^ ^ f^ y/ f .-^ O m % 7 ipmc Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^ J w 7a \ ^ €v » '^j* 39^ All-Roimd Route and Panoraviic Gindc. is less than ninety minutes. The cheapest route to the sea-shore is by the Narrow Gauge Railroad from Cam- den. Express trains run each way daily. A multitude of travelers were accomodated by this road last season ; and at the popular excursion rates offered, the luxury of a trip to the sea-shore, and a bath in the surf, is within reach of the smallest purse. Anglesea, or Five Mile Beach, a few miles above Cape May on the Jersey coast was last season taken in hand by an improvement company who now endeavor to bring the many advantages of the place into public notice. A new narrow gauge railroad will connect Anglesea with the West Jersey Railroad track near Cape May Court House. Barnegat Inlet, on the coast midway between Long Branch and Atlantic City, has become famous through its blue fish. The arrival of the first school, generally about the last of the month of May, is the signal for hun- dreds of sportsmen and business men to pack off for the sea-shore. The route from New York is by the New Jersey Southern Railroad to Barnegat, by way of Man- chester, and from Philadelphia the sportsmen may go by the Pennsylvania Railroad from Camden to Whitings, and from this point by the Tuckerton Railroad to Barnegat. Beach Haven is another of the resorts on the Jersey coast which have sprung into popularity within a few years. It is situated on Long Beach, a small sandy pro- montory running parallel with the Jersey coast and separated from it by Little Egg Harbor Inkc. This inlet affords every opportunity for boating and fishing without the danger of the open sea and powerful surf which rolls in on this exposed coast. Across the pro- All-Round Route and Patiormnic Guide. 397 montory the surf may be seen in all its glory. Beach Haven contains four well-kept hotels, easily accommodat- ing a thousand visitors. Steamers connect Beach Haven with Barnegat, and thence the route to the north and west is the same. The Long Beach Hotel is again this year under the management of Mr. R. H. Southgate, so favorably known for his management of Congress Hall, Saratoga, and the Windsor Hotel, Montreal. A number of cottages have been erected in the neighbourhood of the Hotel for families, and immediately on their completion were taken by fashionable people ; and several New York Clubs have also built summer quarters on the Beach. In fine, everything points to Long Beach, and the Hotel, be- coming the most fashionable resorts on Long Island. Ocean Grove, six miles above Long Branch, is a reser- vation controlled by ministers and members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of New Jersey and Penn- sylvania. It is resorted to during the summer by quite a number of ecclesiastics, and christian families. No in- toxicating drinks are permitted on the grounds, and boat- ing, bathing and drinking are strictly prohibited on the Sabbath. During the Camp Meeting season, the village is crowded to its utmost capacity, many of the visitors living in tents and other temporary structures upon the beach and in the adjoining groves. The passenger traffic at this point, during the summer season, is larger than to any other resort on the New Jersey coast, between Long Branch and Atlantic City. AsHBURY Park and Ocean Beach adjoin Ocean Grove, the one on the north, the other on the south, and are both largely patron 'zed. 398 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. NEW YORK. Here we are again at New York But K f our hat to the departing reader, with the hope that tL tnp here ended has been a pleasant one " ^ m. senses, different objects strike;" but we think htfC been something of a sort to please all M.n 7 pursuit and of every variety of' taste, will hav bln^S . xten. o';' !r '■'^ P-"'- ■^""by ; for, although ' extent of ground traversed mav not ^P^m . otherwise might appear, from the^^imna^ofr ^I^^ thou"rhr~rr'' ^'*' '"■" *^ ^- exprLion giv : ,; thought, and the amount of enterorise Lc\,\ a .■ 2. eve^where met with, there^ pe;har LTI 'bet,: field open for examining the working meris of the Tf ferent schemes which have been from time otim. po^ed as affording solutions of the imp^^ant quS^f mtional education, workmen's associftions, clo^: »h^V''! "u""'''' '^~"°'"i=