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CIHM
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I990
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I NATIONAL LIBRASy I
I CANADA I
1 lUmjaVHK'^lJK NAMONALE J
HYDRAULIC POWER
^0""^'.
THE LACHINE RAPIDS,
NKAR TIIK
CITY OF MON-TREAL.
fN>
Tho want of motive power for milling and manufacturiug purposes
Ik beginning to be serionsly felt in Montreal. The hydraulic power
supplied by the Dominion Government about seventeen years ago, as au
cxporimont from the surplus water of the Lachino Canal, is now fully
nocuplod 'y mills and factories, and complaint is made by the millers
that not more than two-thirds of tho water leased to them, can now be
obtained. Indeed, a number of now establishments are about being erected
on mill Htroams in different parts of the country, which woidd be erected
in ]\IoMli'oal if water power could be had there. They would ])refer that
locality on account of the many other facilities for the transaction of
u largo buMinoHS, for Avhich the city is unrivalled as the financial capital,
the commercial centre for the receipts and distribution of merchandize
to all parti* of tho Province; the head of ocean navigation, the point of
commencomnnt of the great inland system of navigation, and the chief
station of tho Grand Trnnk Kailway, with its Machine Shops and
Factoi'loM.
To nu!(it thi.H growing need, there is immediately above the fity.u
hydraulic power which is unquestionably one of the finest and most
valuable in the world. Heia^fr eaitire wuler puwci' of the Eivor St.
i
Lawrence, the outlet of the greatest body of inland water in existence,
4
and the greater part of thd Ottawa Eiver, which is the outlet for the
Thousand Lakes of the immoriHe North West Territoiy, combine, and in
a distance of about a mile make a descent of twentj'-five feet, so as to
furnish a water power estimated at four millions horse power. This
enormous bo<ly of water, having its source of supply in the for interior, and
not beinsr eti'ected bv the drou-^hts or floods which are such serious draw-
backs on small or mill streams, might be the means of building up a large
city of mills and factories, which is now allowed to run idly to waste,
A principal reason for the neglect to utilize this natural force is the
magnitude and cost of thp undfii:toking. The development of water power
on even small streams is expensive, and where the power is to be leased
out to tenants some delay must necessarily take place before the returns
from the investment can be mfuje. In this case the expenditure would
ho large, and some time must elapse before the power could be made
available, and mills established to use it. If, however, the scheme could
bo carried into effect in divisions, so that one portion of the works could
be occupied and give a revenue before the others are commenced, it would
greatly facilitate the undertaking and render it capable of being taken in
hand by a Joint Stock Company of moderate capital.
The water power to be obtained is immense, and admits of being
rendered available in divisions, each complete in itself. In this way a
comparatively small outlay of capital will be required in the first in-
stance, and a quicker return will be obtained. In the midst of the Lachine
rapids is a cluster of islands extending the entire length thereof, whicli
divide the river into two channels, the only navigable channel being on
the south side of the islands aforesaid. The north channel, between the
islands and the Montreal shore is too rocky to be ever made navigable,
but is most favorably situated for hydraulic power. There is also run
iiing between the islands before mentioned r, natural water course or
cJiannel for the whole length of the cluster, and by widening this channel
a jjermanent power can bo obtained on tlie islands alone of seventy-five
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thousand horise power, for the distribution of which to mills and factories
there is ample space and unusual facilities. It is to be remarked, further,
that navigable water for steamboats and river craft extends close up to
the lower end of the islands, and that the inundations which take place
periodically in Montreal harbour do not extend thither, nor is there any
obstacle to the water power being employed all the year round. It is
proposed to connect these islands with the north or Montreal shore by a
bridge on stone piers sufficiently strong to carry a railway train, and
about fifteen feet above the water. There is a shelf of rock running
quite across the river, on which the piers of the bridge can be built with
groat facility, while the stone for them can be had on the island, or on
the island of Montreal. This bridge is t^'he incorporated with and form
part of the dam, which is the principal feature of the second division of
the scheme, the said dam being extended across the river from the islands
in the rapids to the Montreal shore. It will be about two thousand eight
hundred feet in length, and will give a fall of water for hydraulic power
of about sixteen feet, while the shoal rocky bod of the river immediately
below the dam will atford extensive space for mills and factories using
the power thus supplied. The amount of hydraulic power obtained by
this division of the scheme can only be limited by the want of space on
which to erect mills and factories to use the same. The third division of
the scheme consists of a mill stream of four hundred and fifty feet wide
by fourteen feet deep, taken from the Montreal end of the dam before
mentioned, and running inland a few hundred feet and then continuing
down parallel with the river bank, supplying hydraulic power thereby to
all the mill sites contemplated.
It is believed that the employment of the hydraulic power of the
Lachine Rapids, as described, will give an enormous power, and a large
return for capital invested.
By this proiect it is calculated that, besides the immense power
obtained on the Island before mentioned, the whole of the water of the
north channel, between the Islands and the Montreal shore, will be ren
dered available for hydraulic power t^ thei^noi'mous extent of half a
million of horses, in inimocliato connection with the Port and Ilurbonr of
Montreal, which forms tiio connecting link botwoon tho Ocean and the
whole North-Westeni interior of tho Continent.
From tho Islands to the south shore of the St. Lawrence there is a
apace of about three thousand foot, wltli sluillow water and rocky bottom,
the site being admirably adapted for a bridge, with facilities for railway
and ordinaiy traftic.
The present appears to be a very favorable moment for tho utiliza-
tion of this property, because the Government of Canada has, for the first
time, adopted the principle of protection to homo industries. This
policy may now be considered as firmly established, and it will unques-
tionably give such an impoi-arj-to tho creation of manufactories as, when
taken in connection with the opening out of tho Xorth-Westorn Territories
of Canada, must cause an enormous demand for all cheaply available
motive powei".
Montreal, Isl January-, 1880.
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SHEWING THE
St, Louis Hydraulic Scheme
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