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I NATIONAL LIBRASy I 
 
 I CANADA I 
 
 1 lUmjaVHK'^lJK NAMONALE J 
 
 HYDRAULIC POWER 
 
 
 
 ^0""^'. 
 
 THE LACHINE RAPIDS, 
 
 NKAR TIIK 
 
 CITY OF MON-TREAL. 
 
 fN> 
 
 Tho want of motive power for milling and manufacturiug purposes 
 Ik beginning to be serionsly felt in Montreal. The hydraulic power 
 supplied by the Dominion Government about seventeen years ago, as au 
 cxporimont from the surplus water of the Lachino Canal, is now fully 
 nocuplod 'y mills and factories, and complaint is made by the millers 
 that not more than two-thirds of tho water leased to them, can now be 
 obtained. Indeed, a number of now establishments are about being erected 
 on mill Htroams in different parts of the country, which woidd be erected 
 in ]\IoMli'oal if water power could be had there. They would ])refer that 
 locality on account of the many other facilities for the transaction of 
 u largo buMinoHS, for Avhich the city is unrivalled as the financial capital, 
 the commercial centre for the receipts and distribution of merchandize 
 to all parti* of tho Province; the head of ocean navigation, the point of 
 commencomnnt of the great inland system of navigation, and the chief 
 station of tho Grand Trnnk Kailway, with its Machine Shops and 
 Factoi'loM. 
 
 To nu!(it thi.H growing need, there is immediately above the fity.u 
 hydraulic power which is unquestionably one of the finest and most 
 
valuable in the world. Heia^fr eaitire wuler puwci' of the Eivor St. 
 
 i 
 Lawrence, the outlet of the greatest body of inland water in existence, 
 
 4 
 and the greater part of thd Ottawa Eiver, which is the outlet for the 
 
 Thousand Lakes of the immoriHe North West Territoiy, combine, and in 
 a distance of about a mile make a descent of twentj'-five feet, so as to 
 furnish a water power estimated at four millions horse power. This 
 enormous bo<ly of water, having its source of supply in the for interior, and 
 not beinsr eti'ected bv the drou-^hts or floods which are such serious draw- 
 backs on small or mill streams, might be the means of building up a large 
 city of mills and factories, which is now allowed to run idly to waste, 
 A principal reason for the neglect to utilize this natural force is the 
 magnitude and cost of thp undfii:toking. The development of water power 
 on even small streams is expensive, and where the power is to be leased 
 out to tenants some delay must necessarily take place before the returns 
 from the investment can be mfuje. In this case the expenditure would 
 ho large, and some time must elapse before the power could be made 
 available, and mills established to use it. If, however, the scheme could 
 bo carried into effect in divisions, so that one portion of the works could 
 be occupied and give a revenue before the others are commenced, it would 
 greatly facilitate the undertaking and render it capable of being taken in 
 hand by a Joint Stock Company of moderate capital. 
 
 The water power to be obtained is immense, and admits of being 
 rendered available in divisions, each complete in itself. In this way a 
 comparatively small outlay of capital will be required in the first in- 
 stance, and a quicker return will be obtained. In the midst of the Lachine 
 rapids is a cluster of islands extending the entire length thereof, whicli 
 divide the river into two channels, the only navigable channel being on 
 the south side of the islands aforesaid. The north channel, between the 
 islands and the Montreal shore is too rocky to be ever made navigable, 
 but is most favorably situated for hydraulic power. There is also run 
 iiing between the islands before mentioned r, natural water course or 
 cJiannel for the whole length of the cluster, and by widening this channel 
 a jjermanent power can bo obtained on tlie islands alone of seventy-five 
 
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 thousand horise power, for the distribution of which to mills and factories 
 there is ample space and unusual facilities. It is to be remarked, further, 
 that navigable water for steamboats and river craft extends close up to 
 the lower end of the islands, and that the inundations which take place 
 periodically in Montreal harbour do not extend thither, nor is there any 
 obstacle to the water power being employed all the year round. It is 
 proposed to connect these islands with the north or Montreal shore by a 
 bridge on stone piers sufficiently strong to carry a railway train, and 
 about fifteen feet above the water. There is a shelf of rock running 
 quite across the river, on which the piers of the bridge can be built with 
 groat facility, while the stone for them can be had on the island, or on 
 the island of Montreal. This bridge is t^'he incorporated with and form 
 part of the dam, which is the principal feature of the second division of 
 the scheme, the said dam being extended across the river from the islands 
 in the rapids to the Montreal shore. It will be about two thousand eight 
 hundred feet in length, and will give a fall of water for hydraulic power 
 of about sixteen feet, while the shoal rocky bod of the river immediately 
 below the dam will atford extensive space for mills and factories using 
 the power thus supplied. The amount of hydraulic power obtained by 
 this division of the scheme can only be limited by the want of space on 
 which to erect mills and factories to use the same. The third division of 
 the scheme consists of a mill stream of four hundred and fifty feet wide 
 by fourteen feet deep, taken from the Montreal end of the dam before 
 mentioned, and running inland a few hundred feet and then continuing 
 down parallel with the river bank, supplying hydraulic power thereby to 
 all the mill sites contemplated. 
 
 It is believed that the employment of the hydraulic power of the 
 Lachine Rapids, as described, will give an enormous power, and a large 
 return for capital invested. 
 
 By this proiect it is calculated that, besides the immense power 
 obtained on the Island before mentioned, the whole of the water of the 
 north channel, between the Islands and the Montreal shore, will be ren 
 dered available for hydraulic power t^ thei^noi'mous extent of half a 
 
million of horses, in inimocliato connection with the Port and Ilurbonr of 
 Montreal, which forms tiio connecting link botwoon tho Ocean and the 
 whole North-Westeni interior of tho Continent. 
 
 From tho Islands to the south shore of the St. Lawrence there is a 
 apace of about three thousand foot, wltli sluillow water and rocky bottom, 
 the site being admirably adapted for a bridge, with facilities for railway 
 and ordinaiy traftic. 
 
 The present appears to be a very favorable moment for tho utiliza- 
 tion of this property, because the Government of Canada has, for the first 
 time, adopted the principle of protection to homo industries. This 
 policy may now be considered as firmly established, and it will unques- 
 tionably give such an impoi-arj-to tho creation of manufactories as, when 
 taken in connection with the opening out of tho Xorth-Westorn Territories 
 of Canada, must cause an enormous demand for all cheaply available 
 motive powei". 
 
 Montreal, Isl January-, 1880. 
 
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PLAN 
 
 SHEWING THE 
 
 St, Louis Hydraulic Scheme 
 
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 PHOTO UTH BV THt BURtANO UTW CO MONTHEAL 
 
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