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The following diagrama illuatrate the method: Les cartea, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmte A dee taux de rMuction diff Arenta. Lorsque le document eat trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film* A partir de Tangle supAriaur gauche, de gauche A dioite, et de haut en Ims, an prenant le nombre d'imagea nAceaaaire. lies diegrammea suivanta illuatrent la mAthode. y errata id to fit ie peiure, 9on A 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 32X ^Jl; (l THE General Gazetteer; O R, Compendious Geographical DICTIONARY. EMPFRRS, KhVGDOxMS, REPIJ3IJCS. PROVINCES, CJTIEj, Containing a Defcription of all the CHIEF TOWNS, FORTS. FORTRESSES, CASTLES, CITADELS, iiEAS, I N T H E HARBOURS, BAYvS, RIVERS, LAKES. MOUNTAINS, CAPES, and PROMONTORIES KNOWN WORLD; TOGETHER WITH The Government, Policy, Customs, Manners, and Religion of the Inhabitants j THE Extent, Bounds, and Natural Productions of each Country ; and the Trade, Manuiactures, aud Curiosities, of the Cities and. Towns; their Longitude, Latitude, Bearing and Distancis ig Englifli Miles from remarkable Places J ' AS ALSO, The Sieges they have undergone, and the Battles fought near theiD^^ INCLUDING An Authentic Account of the Counties, Cities, and Market- Towns in ENGLAND and WALES; as alfo the VillagSs, with the Days on which the Fairs are kept. By R. B R O OK E S, M. D. ' ^«i mores ho*ninum muUorum vidit ^ urbes, HoR. The Third Edition, corretled. LONDON, Printed for J. and F. Rivincton, T. Carnan, and F. Newbery, junior, in t. Paul's Ciuirch-Yard 5 W. JoHNSTOv.inLudgate-Street j T. LowNDES, in Fleet-Street; S. Crowder, and G. Robinson, in Pater-noller-Row j B Law, in Ave-Mary-Lane ; T. Becket and Co. in the Strand $ W.GriffiSj in Catharine- Street ; and B. Collins, in Salisbury. MDCCLXXIII, (Fiice Seven Shillings.) YIMtfiaii Yl4< ^ >. ,../•. <: 1 V 1 Diredions for the Book-binder. t \ The Book.binder is defired to place the Map of the World berorc the Title, and the other maps in the pages where they are defcribed, obferving, that Europe, North and South America are comprifed of a (ize, to be guarded in the middle, by which method^ they will open without the trouble of unfolding. " I , »■ ***«STEi» uw tJfjjTv uaum PREFACE. HAVING for fome years paft, on a particular occa« fion, rrjade Geography my Iludy, I could not help taking notice ot" the deficiency of all compendiums of this kind, both with rcfpvdt to the number and length of the articles ; for which reafon I hope to do my country fome fer- vice, in giving them another more copious and more com- plete, continuing its portablencfs at the fame time The defcription of our own country has been greatly neglefled, as if it was hardly worthy of our notice, though it ought to be the firft and principal objedl of enquiry to every Briton. This is not unlike the fending young gentlemen abroad to vifit fo- reign parts, before they have obtained any adequate know- ledge of the laws, conftitution, trade, produ(5l:, and geogra-^ phy of the kingdom in which they drew their firft breath. Perhaps the deficiencies may be thought only to relate to pocket trcatifes of this kind ; jjut the fameobjcdions will lie againft larger volumes, with relation to the number of the ar- ticles, which, that it may appear more readily, the reader may obferve that thofe wanting in others, are in this marked with an afterifm, thus *. However, thefe arc not all, for there are feveral other confi- derable towns and provinces, which fliould have been thus diftinguiftied, and which h^ve been overlooked. As for the ufefulnefs of Geography in general, nothing need be faid, it being a ftudy now greatly in vogue; and all, ex- cept the very dregs of the people, have fome occafion or other to be acquainted with that fcience. It is abfolutely neceflary to men of letters, becaufe no hiftory can be well underflood without it; topoliticians, becaufe it is impofilble to comprehend the true intereft of different ftates and countries, without the knov/iedge of this fcience. Officers, both by fea and land, have great occafion for ir, becaufe it informs them of the na- ture and circumftancesof places and towns, and enables them to take their meafures accordingly. Merchants and traders ought certainly to ftudy it, becaufe it anifisthcm in taking pru- dent meafures in order to cftablifti a beneficial commerce. la fhort, all thofe, who haveeither intereft or curiofity in knowing any thing of the iranfactions of the world, or are dcfirous of A 2 forming iv PREFACE. forming fome judgment of the different events, which happert in the times of war or peace, ought not to be ignorant of Geography. The difcovfries that have been made of lie years in dirfrrent parts of the globe, and the various fcttlemcDis and cm if, rations in confequence diereof, render the old lyftcmatical v/riit-rs of little or no ufe, efpecially as they had very little knovvkal.;e of the places they treated of, and have ilufFcd their books with ab- furd and monftrous ftorics, the natural ofi'spring of the credu- lity of thofc times. 1 wilh I couLl fay our modern relations were more to be depended upon in many inftances; for too many travellers fee" to be very fond of tlie marvellous, and for that reafon gr :dily fwallow the rnoit improbable fables. As for inftance, Mr. Ovington, afterwards the king's chaplain, tells us, that in the ifland of Johanna, the inhabitants have a cuftom of burning the devil every year, and that he in revenge conftantly fteals one of their children annually, notwithftand- ing the utmoft care to prevent it. However, this demon is fo good-natured as to inform them, after certain invocations, of the titne of the arrival of any foreign (hip. He adds, that they often meet him in the highways and ftreets in the evening, and by the water-fide. Now, if fo learned a man could give credit to fuch an extravagant (lory, it is no wonder that ignorant failors ihould be fo often impofed upon, or be willing to impofe upon others. The places in this Diftionary generally have the appellation of towfJSj which in others are termed cities-, becaufe all cities are towns, though all towns are not cities. Befides, geogra- phers are not agreed about the properties that conftitute a city. In England and Wales every bifliop's fee is a city, though the number of houfes arc hardly fufficient to deferve the name of a village. In the Low Countries, every large walled place is a city, though it neither is, nor ever was, a bilhop*s fee, as for in- ftance Liflc : and yet in France they have a great number of cities that have no walls or other fortifications. The French diftinguifii their towns by the names of Fille, Cite, Bourgy. Bourgade, and Village', but what the difference is between Viiley and Cite is very hard to fay. Many would have Cite to be the moft ancient part of the town, and yet we find fome have been lately dignified with that title, perhaps by charter like our cor- porations, having fome particular privileges ; but then what fhall we fay to Paris, one part of which is SiFille, and the other a 07/. But, be this as it will, the method I have taken is the Icaft liable to create confufion. -" "" ' The 7urg^ the )ecn icor- 'hat [ther the PREFACE. V The caficft way ot Hnding places in a map is by the longi- tude and latitude, the fornuT being numbeifd on the top, and the latter on \.\v: fides : and therefore, where lines drawn from tach point may be fuppofed to meet, there the town will be found. lufitjes this, I have given the di(laiv:cs from foine re- markable jilaie or place«;,anci the river, lake, or roaft,on which any town is feated. The bell method of underilantiing the map of any country, is firit to become acquainted with the molt remr.rkabk rivers-, becaule all towns of any confidcrable note are feated thereon, and tlien thofe that fall thereinto, and the places they pais by ; as alio in v^uat manner any town is leated , with refpcd to others in the fame country, of wiiicha particular map fliould always be procured. 'i'lie loni'.itude is rerkoned both cafl: and weft from the me- ridian of London, a«Treeable to the accurate let of maps givea with this ircatife, whereby the trouble of knowing the fituation of places, with rei^ard to tlie metropolis of this kingdom, is faved, and the difference of luiigitudc between any two places found v/ith the utmoft facility. In the dt Icriptions of the empires, countries, provinces, dil^ tridts, countries, cities, boroughs, and towns, every remark- able circuniPiance Is taken notice of as far as our room wou'd admit. I have fhewn how each country is bounded, its ex- tent, produ :nr)ns, manufa(5lories, forces, the numbers of the inhabitants, their manners and religion, at leall as far as I could obtain any certain account. The dillances of places in England and Wales are reckoned accorviing to h.nglilh Itatuie miles, of which there are 69 to a degree •, but every where elfe 1 follow the marine meafurc of to a degree, and in general this laft is moll convenient, becauie the graduated line on the fide of the map will always ferve inftcad of a fcale of miles ; . but then it mull be remembered, that thefe marine miles, or , rather minutes, are greater than tne common llatuLe miles of ^ England, 60 of the former being equal to 69 of the latter. There are great improvements in the Geography of England and Wales, care having been taken to get an exaft account of the prclcnt (late of the towns, or at lealt the grt- aitll part there- of: to which are added not only the n)arket-days, but thofe of the fairs a>.:cording to the new llile, nor are thofe kept in the> villages of ever county forgotten. An exa(5t account has been obtained of the counties in Ireland, with regard to the number of houfes, pariflies, baronies, and boroughs j and it were to be wiflied the fame could have been done for Scotland. 7 Upon !r PREFACE. Upon the whole, though I cannot fay with Echard, that this didbionary will be of (landing ufe to fuccceding ages; yet, as great care has been taken to render it complete, according to the fize of the volume, ic is hoped it will meet with a reception proportional to its merit, than which nothing more is or can be defired. I might complain, as others have done before me, of the difficulties of writing dictionaries in general, and more particu- larly thofc of Geography, on account of the diflferent orthogra- phy of the countries and towns, the contradidions met with in the bed treatifes of this kind, as well as in maps, charts, and the relations of travellers ; yet, as I was not prefl'ed into the ler- vice, but was to all intents and purpofes a volunteer, I have no body to blame but myfclf, for entering into fo laborious a tafk. However, I have been better enabled to reconcile differ- ences, to expunge falfities, and to fet afide impofitions, from having fcen a confiderable part of the world mylelf, and from having made fuchobfervations as in fome meafu re qualify me to judge of places which I have not feen. Here you will find no felling of winds, no diabolical conjuration, no nations of canni- bals or men-eaters, nor indeed any thing elfe that is (hocking to common fenfe, or evidently repugnant to the cuftoms and pradlices of other parts of the world, unlefs the ftrange accounts of the different objedts of worfliip may be foefteemedj but then we find others to match them in very diftant parts. Thus, if we find fome that adore a fly, we (ball meet with others that pay divine honours to a monkey's tooth ; fome to a ferpent, others to a tree, not to mention the vaft variety of image worlhip all over the world : and therefore we cannot reject fuch ex- travagant practices from their feeming abfurdity. It likewife requires fome (hare of judgment to make a proper choice of books of voyages and travels, for there are feveral extant full of nothing but fabulous (lories. Thus one tell us he travelled through North America, and met with a great number of elephants and lions, and another informs us of the mad pranks he played in his journey into Arabia the Happy, giving an account of tranfadlions impo(rible to be true. Nor has our own country efcaped romantic defcriptions, and parti- cularly one of a very late date, which, out of refpedt to the memory of the very ingenious author, 1 forbear to mention. All fuch Utopian writers as thefe I have endeavoured to avoid : and therefore hope there is nothing to be met with in this dictionary, but what may be depended upon, at Icaft with regard to the molt material circumftaces. AN ^ >.• INTRODUCTION T O GEOGRAPHY. ex- )er Fral us !at In. TH E fcience which treats of the difpofttion and afTembUge of all prrts of the univerfe, and of the relation they haVe to each other, is called CosMOCRAPHr; that i;, a delcription of the world ; and, as the univerfc is reprefcnted by the ceieftial and terref- tri'il globes, it follows from hence that Cofinography has two principal parte ; namely, Ailrontmyy which takes notice of ttie heavenly bodies and their motions; an 1 G egraphy, which is a ciefcription of the earth. The latter is our principal objeft ; I^ut, as the ftiidy of the Heavens ought ne- celTarily to prtcede that oJ Geography, it will be proper ta explain fome particulars relating to the former before we proceed any further. 0/ tbt Solar Sy/lem, ' ''[ That mankind began very early to lift up their eyes to Heaven, and ob- ferve that beautiful canopy to riclilv adorned, is not at all furpriiing; but^ that thefe obfervations before the flood, at Icnft, contained any thing more than mere curioftty, may very eaiily be doubted. From Ptolemy we may •late the great progrefs of allronomy throughout the world ; for, till that time, what had been learned from the hgyptians had been, in a great meafure, condned among the Grecians. Pculemy wrote for all mankind, his fy(lem was publicly taught every where, and his writings tranilated not only into Arabic, but alniall all trie other languages : the fyftcm of Pto- lemy was looked upon as facred truth beyond alt difpute. It was long after him, however, that Europe received the true tafte for the ftudy of the Hea- vens : it was not until almoil eleven hundred years after their publicarion, that the works of this author were publifhed in Latin, and that Alhonom/ became a ftudy regarded by the learned in this quarter of the wo<-|J, in which it has at length arrived to an height, as much above all tnat it reached in Greece, as the higheft pitch of the Grecian knowledge was above that of the Egyptians. Indeed, it is only within thefe hundred years, or thereabouts, that the heavens have been underilood ; and all that uas before delivered is ignorance, in comparifon with what is now trtabiilhed, »f» i ex- plained among us, by the incomparable Sir Ifaac Newton, and other modern writers. In order to explain the difpofttion and arrangement of the fcveri.1 parts of the univerfe, and to (hew in what manner the ceieftial bodies move, aich regard to one another, and with regard to this eartii which we i>ihabii, n.^n have, from time to time, laid down certain hvpotheies and fyllems. which they have called Syfttm of the World, There have been feveral of ttxi'Se differeat in the greateft degree from one another ; they began very 'n: f.om truth i but>^ as fcience improved, they by degrees came neaicr uud nearcT to vii INTRODUCTION. to it, until they completed the prefcnt cftablifhed fyflem, uln'ch, there caa be no rcufon to doubt, will laU as long as that world it ixfijains. We (hall here take noticeonly of theCopernitvnor foiar rylleni, being that which is retained by thr mcll ..mini t mathcniiUicians of ihcMlanJ f :cl>nt 8gc, as the belt adapted to cxplaii^ tic lumre £ii-;MvP:;, but fliini; by rciciiing thf li'Mit of the fun. They arc ciiUcd i bincts from a Greek word, whith fi^nifirs m tinderin^ \ becaufc ihcy ci .Mij.>c' their plat-r?, ;irid do not aluays k(t'p ilio iumc diftancc wuh onr jinoiltcr, n:.r wiih the fixed ilars, as the iixcd iiars do. '^I'hc plnr^'-tj are cuh-.-r //i.v.' .r> ox I'tcjfi.'nry, l'i)c prini.ifv plaf^t* are fix, viz. Metcuty, P'fHSt the Eart/<, llurs, 'Jupiter, and Saturn ; 'l'h*r I'c- coi.dary p'.anets, ("o c.illed, bccauie tI:Py move n ur.d (uhcr pl.jreis, ate ten, viv.. the A/cv», wluch movco about ihc inag- and Caf. ^ighty- hour, above good i'pced ^ • INTRODUCTION. Ix f ecJ too, fince it Hoes net want much of a tlioufand mifrs in a minure. However amnzingly jv.ift fhi» m:.y fcctn. it is cr.,*ling like the American Jj'ntt'vui, or b<;a(t calle 1 'he Sluggard, in comp rif>n of the velocity of the rays of light, which ccriaiiii/ move ahuut one hundred anti t-i 'v (, ounnd miles in the fjiacc of a (ccond. i'Jic heat of the fun in this jl,.nct i^ pro- bably feven iime^ {Mr. Ilnygcn* fays liinc rinic^) grf.icer tluii w.tli us in the hotteft fu nmcr, which n i^rrhaps cnouch to mike w.Ter boil: It is thcrclorc natural to iinanine, that his inhabitants cannot be fuch as we are, fince our boHes coulJ by r o means bear luch a degree of htat. Mer- cury is fo near the fun, that ie is very rarely Iccn but by aftronomcrs, who ktiow how to look afcer him. 2. V E N U S, wl.ich is the brijjhteft and lar(»ell to appearance of all the planets, is dillingiiilhed in the heavens by a (uperiority of luilre from the oihrr?, and is incapable of being miAaken for ;>ny of them. The dif- liniAion to the eye between fixed liars and planets is, that the latter have, tliough a very b;ii;ht, yet a more placid lullre than the former. I'he fixed Uarj a re funs, and hpvc theiburccof li^ht inthemfrlves : the p!an ts ire globes of earth or opake matter, which only receive light fiom (he lin, a'-.d rcfledl ic bsck again. Notwiihilancling, therefore, the fixci. liars ue at i.n im- inenfely greater dilbnce, it is natural that their brightnefj (houl 1 be greater than that of the planets : it is lljis that gives them that twin'lini; -vvhicli diltinguiHies them from the planets when we look at them ; but this i:. not io ablolutc a dillindlion as has been fuppofed : for the phntrs which are rearelc to the fun receive thvir light in fo (great a degree, thn:, being alfo nc.«r to theeaith, they rcfli-d it with a bri-ihinef, vv!iii-.!i Jjcs not belong to the others. Venus in this manner twir.l.Lj a lirtlc, and Meixury, though fo fmall, much mores in the'*e, however, ihe rrteCfls arc .fo mucli J-'fs than fixed liars, that it cannot confour.d them with thofe luni:va-:'», la Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars, it is not at all iccn : lb that 'iiic three planets are entirely, and thcfe two are futiiciently, dlilinaui'}ieJ fro'n the iixed liars by their light. The dillancc of V^ciiiis frn-n ine Sun is about iixty millions of miles : her motion in her orbit round the Jun is performed in a little above two hundrcj ind twcticy-four days, and her motion in an hour is about feventy thoufand miles. • 3. The EARTH by its levolutinn in rn cllip'fis round the Sun in three hundred and fixty-fivt- days, five hours, and ft)ftynine minutes, makes the fpace of time we call a year. The Earth is near cif»nt thoui^md miles in diameter, and dillant trom the Sun eighty-otie inilliijns of miles : the line which the Earth dcfcribes in its annual motion is called the ecliptic, and proceeds from Well to Eill, according to the order of the /igna of the zodiac. This motion is the caufe of the dili'-rent lealbns of fpring, fummer, autumn, and winter, and confequtiitly of the fevcial lengths of days and nights in thof.' fcafons. In its prc^refs throiwh the ecliptic, it every where keeps its axis in a fituntion parallel to iifelf, and c::jiially in* cllned to the plaite of the ecliptic, which is tvventy-three degrees and a half, or thereabouts. The turning of the Earth on iis own axis in twenty-four hours, makes it day in thofe parts which are turned towards the Sun, and night ill thofe parts whicl'. are in the fhade, or turned from 'he Sun. 4. M A R S is the Uall of all the planets, except Mercn y, and his place is next abuvj that of the Earth, in the fyllem of the univcrfi-, his courfe lying between the orbit of the Earth and that of Jupiter, bi;t very diftant trom both. Tliis planet appears of a dulky reddirti hue. aod has Icfs luflre than any ftar in the fkics; they compute :he dian.fter of Mars to be about four thomand fom hundred mik'S, and muft therefore be much lefs than our Earthy His diilance from the Sun s about one hundred and twenty-three millioffts of miles ; he revolves «bout the Sun in fix hand:; d a and X INTRODUCTION. and eiglily-fevon days nearly, and runs at the rate of forty-five thoufanj miles in an Ix^ur ; liis light and heat are twice, and foaieiimcb thrice as weak as what wc receive from the Sun. 5. J U P I T F. R is the largell of all the planets, and h much more remote from the Sun than any of the inferior pl.incts wc have yet dcfcjihcd. Heaven has theretorc granted him a fupply of light by four moons or fa;el-. lites, which revclvc round him as our nioon does round us. Thefc moons, likf the fatellites of Saturn, :ire fo much Icfs than their primary planets, that they arc not vifible without long glafles and therefore were perfedtiy un. known till the lall age. The diameter of this planet Is above eighty thou- I'and miles, and the quantity of mutter in him is about two hundred and twenty times greater than that of our Earih. His dillancc from the Sun is about four hundred and twenty- four millions of miles, and he revolves yound his own axis in nine hoors ar,d fifty- fix minutes ; but his courfe round the fun takes up elevt :; years and teu months. : fo large is his orbit, that he nioveb after the rate of about tv/enty-four thoufand miles in an hour. Ju- piter, bcfides a tumous fpot, by which liis diurnal motion was determined, has appearances in him like fwathes or belts, as they call thtm. Thefe they tike to be moveable, and to be foroied by the clojds of this ptanet, which lieem, like our trade-winds, to lie in tracks parallel to the equator of Ju- piter. He has duubtkTs fomething round him like our air ; but its texture, gravity, and elallicity, may notwithllaoding be vaftly different from that of curs. The prevailing opinion, that this planet mull be inhabited, is now confirmed by the ftrongell reafon: '• For 1 take it, ^ays Mr. Harris, that ** fuch an apparatus as the making of four moons to revolve about, and to enlighten him ; (as five fuch there are alio moving round Saturn, befides his ring) I take thii, 1 fay, to be a demonllrablc proof, that both thefe planets have fome kind of inhabitants, who have eyes to !tand in need of light, as well as other fenfes proper for their natures : for we never find Nature doing any thing in vain, but ordering all tliings ."''h the moll confum- mate wifdom, and we muft never believe Ihe would form moons where there are no people to be lighted by them.'* The l>cat and light of the Sun cannot be above a twcnty-feventh part of what we enjoy her^, and therefore it muft be very dark, difmal, and cold living there. To this we may add, that the weight of all bodies there mull be double to what they are on our earth. 6. S A T U R N is the moft diflant planet in our fyflcm, being feven liundred and feventy-feven millions of miles from the Sun. The time of his revolution round the grand luminary is about thirty years, and yet fovery large is bis orbit, that tie moves at tne rate of about eighteen thoufand miles an hour. His diameter is about fixry-one thoufand miles ; and, with regard to the quantity of matter ia him, it is about ninety-four times as great as tbat of our Earth ; but his denfity is not much above a feventh part of that of the matter of our planet. As to light and heat, it is probable, that he has not above a iiiuetieth part of what we enjoy by the Sun'. Indeed, in order to fupply this great defeat of the Sun's light, oc afior.ed by fo great a diflance, our all-wife Cicator has furniihed him with five moons or attendants. The moft furprifiog phe- nomenon of all in this planet is that which wc call his ring : Jt is a Vaft body of earth, of perhaps feven or eight hundred miles in thicknef?,. which, at the diilance of about twenty-one thoufand miles from Saturn's body, and with jull as great a breadth, is placed in a circular arch round the planet, in figure much like the great wooden crane wheels, in whi;h men or horfes walk to raife goods or draw water. The ftcondary planus., as we before obferved, are ten in number : one, which Moves "ouad (he Battb > four^ which au^^d on Jupiter; and five, which \ (( «< • < «« g feven time of t (o very lOLifand ; and, ty-four above u and at we of the or has g phe- t is a :knef?, a turn '3 round whi^h : one, d five, which INTRODUCTION. xi wliich revolve about Saturn. We ihall here, however, confine our obferva- ' tions to the attendant of our Earth. The diamctcf of our MOON is reckoned to be almoft two thoufand two hundred miles ; her magnitude, or rather hsr niaf&, or the quantity of matter in her, with regard to the Earth, is about one fortieth part. The Moon, which is but a fpeck, in comparifon of the other heavenly bodies, though it feems fo near to us, i;, two hundred and forty thoufand miles didant from us, and its furface is about fourteen millionii of fquare miles. As the Moon is the ncarcll to the Earth of all the planets, her motion is alfo the quickcft, tr.c complete revolut:on being pcrfjrmed in about twenty • fcven days, feven hours, and three quarters. To this attendant of the Earth vve ar- indebted for the flux and reflux of the tide* twice in tv/enty- four hours, which arc attcpided with fo many advantages, thai mankind could hardly exift without them, fince the waters would then become ftag- nated, and un/i: for any of the purpofes of human life It is gencjally agreed among aflronomcrs, tliat COMETS are a kind of planets or bodies revolving about the Sun in elliptical orbits, whofe periodical times and motions are as conllant, c rtain, nnd regular as thofe of the planets, but abundantly more f'cnfe, as thc^ pafi through the grcatcd extremes of heat and cold, v.itnout any apparent diminution or alteration. Ah Comets appear to Y,>: fphercs, wit larqc atmoipheres fur- rouiiding them, Tome fifteen or fixrecn times more in diameter than their bodies are. To conitqucntly three <>: four thoufaiul timer, as large, which, in their perihelions, or nearcll accc'j to th^, Sim, by the intenfe heat emitted therefrom, are fo tnu>.h rarified, as to be abundantly lighter than the^un'a atmoiphtrc, and extended itiio long lucid tails tow ^ ■« thofe parts oppofite the Sun. As Comets recede from the Sun ti»eir tails diminiili, and their atmofpheres en.redfe gradually, until they .".pproach tiie aphelions, or greatell: dillan- e from the Sun: then their tails are coijirailcd into circum- ambient atmcfphercs again. Ti'.e bodies of Comets, elpecially thofe which have the Ihorteit periodical times, are of themieivos but Jiitle larger than the Moon : fo that it is thtir atmofpheres and tails which mnkz them con- fpicuous. Comets, like the planets, move in elliptic?.! orbits about the Sun, with this dificrence, all the planets move from call to well m the plane of the ecliptic, and in orbits nearly circular, while the Comets in their very elliptical orbits traverfe the compafs in all diredions, (the plane of the cclip.ic only excepted) and that in fo wonderful a manner, as not to inter- fere with one cr the others orbits. Hence it appears very probable, that both Planets and Comets are governed by the fame Hated laws : if fo, it is by no means unlikely, that Comets have diurnal motions round their axes, as well as annual period.^; round their orbits. Let us nov, proceed to fay fomething of the F 1 X E D STARS. The heavens are filled with a Huid much finer and thinner than our air, and -extend beyond all limits, of which n • have any conceptions. There being nothing vifible to us in the remote parts of ths heavens, we can only con- ' iider them as the places of the flars ; all the fixed Ibrs are fituated in them ; and, though they fcem fo near to one another, in our view of them, they are doubtlefs at an immcnfe diflancc each from the other, and at a very different diftance w^:h refpeft to us. We muft have a vaft idea of this ipace, when we confider that the largell of the fixed flars, which are pro- tably the neareft to us, are at a dillance too great for the expreffion of all ' that we can conceive from figures, and tor all means of admeafurement. The (mailer are doubtlefs more and more remote to the leafl, or thofe vijich are of the fixth magnitude. Thcle mull be in a part of the heavens iTiore remote from us than the others ; and yet, beyond thefe, teIefcop< s formed oat of their * conftituent particles, and therefore calculatid for I'ving on them. We can eafily conceive, that creatures like or'-ftlve , like the animals which inhabit this Earth, or the plants that grow upon ii, could not live in the extreme cold of Saturn, or the extreme heat of Mercury : all muft be , {cWA ice in the former, and, upon the furface of the latter, the heat is fo great that it will make water boil. Thouph creatures of out texture . could not live in fuch worlds, he who created us and our world, and ap- propriated the one unto the'other, could atfo form creatures proper for the ' other worlds he has created. D'/cription of the Aitificlal Sphere, ON the convex part of the terraqueous globe, which is an artificial fphe- rical body, is tiuly reprefented the whole world, as it confifts of land and water. The circumference of the ia;lobe is divided into 3:0 degrees, every degree containing 60 geographical miles; confequently the globe is 21,600 fuch miles round : but, as 60 geographic miles are about 69 miles Englilh meafure, the circuit of the globe is therefore ^24, 84.0 Englifli miles. The circles reprefented on the globe are, i. The Equator, and the circles parallel to it. 2. The Meridian, and the reft of the meridional lines. 3. The Horizon. 4. The two Tropicks of Cancer and Capricorn; and c. The two Polar Circles. The E Q U A T O R, or E QJU I N O C T I A L, is a great circle, ninety degrees dillant from the poles of the world, and fo namtd, becaufe it divides the world into two equal parts: when the fun is in this circle, there is then an equality of days and nights all over the world : hence thefe points are called the equinoxes. The principal ufe of this circle is to divide the world into two equal parts: that in which the ar^lic pole is found, is called the Northern half ;^ and that in which the antartic pole is placed, is the Southern half. The MERIDIAN is a great circle, fuppofed to pafs through the • poles of the world and thofs of the horizon, cutting the fphere into two equal parts, the one oriental, and the other occidental. It alfo pafTes through the zenith and nadir in every place, and cuts the horizon at right angles. circle, pecaufe I circle, |e thefe is to |ole is }ole is jh the [o two [pafles right igles. INTRODUCTION. xUi Angles. It is called the Meridian, becaufe it marks half the fpace of time during which the fua and the (lars appear above the horizon. As there are an infinite number of zeniths and horizons, the number of Meri- dians isalfo infinite ; for the Meridian is changed, as well a& the zenith and horizon, every ftep we take towards the Eaft or Weft ; but if we pafs in a ri"hi line Northwards or Southwards, we ftill continue under the fame Meri- dian, though we corftaiuly change the zenith and horizon. However, geographers only reckon 360 Meridians, which are fuppofed to pafs through every degree of the equinoflial. It has been cuflomary for geo- graphers to eftablith a Urd Meridian; though this is altogether arbitrary: Ptolemy placed it at the ifland ot Ferro, which is the moll VVeftern of the Canaries ; but the common method at prefei?t is for every geographer to make the Meridian of the capital of his country the firll Meridian, and accordingly the longitudes in this Diflionary are reckoned eaft or weft from from the Meridian of London. The ufe of the Meridian in a globe is to (hew when it is noon or midnight at the place to which it is applied ; and to divide the vifi'ole hcmifphere into two parts, namely, into oriental and occidental. The Zodiac is a broad circle that cuts the equator obliquely, in which are the conftellations or ftars that form the refpeftive figns. The Ecliptic is a line paffing through the midd'e of the Zodiac, and (hews the Sun's path, or annual courle advancing or retiring thirty degrees ia every month. The HORIZON is a great circle, which divides the world into two equal parts or hemifpheres, of which one is fuperior and vifible, and the other inferior and invifible. When the Sun is above this Circle it is then Day, and when it is funk eighteen degrees beneath it. Night the* commences. This circle is the largeft of all on the globe, and the meridiaa is inclofed therein with all the rell of the fphere. Bcfides, it is immove- able, and on the circumference are marked the degrees of the twelve (igns of the zodiac, and the days of the twelve months of the year. The TROPICS are two fmall circles parallel to the equiooAial, defcribed by the firft points of the firft degrees of the figns termed Cancer and Capricorn, that is, where they touch the ecliptic. They are diftant from the eqninoflial very near twenty-three degrees and a half. The fun defcribes thefe tropics about the 20th day of June, and the 21ft day of September. When he touches the tropic of Cancer he makes the longell day for the inhabitants between the equator and the north pole; and, when he comes to the beginning of Qapncorn, he makes the longeft day for the people between the equator and 'i:he fouth pole. On the contrary, the (horteft day to the former will be when the fun touches the tropic of Capri- corn, and to the latter when he comes to the tropic of Cancer. For this reafon, thefe points are called the' wintei and the fummer tropics, as alfo the fouthern and northern ; and they are as it were the two barriUs, be- yond which the fun never pafTes. The P O L A R C I R C L E S are diftingui(hed by the names of the arftic and antardic, and are circles parallel to the cquinodial. They are termed Polar, becaufe they include the poles of the zodiac in their circumference, or rather, becaufe they are near the poles of the world, eing onlv 23 degrees and a half from each pole. The ZONES are fvt broad circles encompafling the globe, and are diftinguiihed chiefly by the temperature of the air. The 7orr/V Zone contains all the fpace between the two tropics, and is fo called from its exceflive heat, the fun being vertical twice every year to all that inhabit it. This circle is about 47 degrees broad. The two temperate Zones are fo called from theis lying between the two degrees of heat and cold, viz. ' between » INTRODUCTION. between the torrid Zone and the frigid Zones, the one bein^ called the Northern temperate Zone, and the other the Southern temperate Zone. Thefe are either of them 43 degrees broad. Of the two /rrgid Zones, the cnt encompafles the arclic or north pole, at the diAance of 23 degrees and a half; and the other, the antardlic or fouth pole, at the fame diilance. 0/ the Climtites, A CLIMATE is a fpace of earth comprehended between two paral- lels, at the end of which the length of the longell days are increaftd half an hour in the fummer feafon. The better to undcrfland this wc mull ob- lerve, that under the equator the longeft day is r.o more than twelve hours, and that, in proportion as we advance towards the polar circles, the days of each Climate increafe half t^n hour, till wc arrive at the polar circles ; for then the longeft days conM of twenty four hours. Thus there is twenty-four Climates in all on each fide of the equator. Some, after this talk of Climates of months ; but this is fo ufclels a diflin^ion, that it is not worth the reader's notice. However, it will not be improper to ob- fcrve, that the fpaces of the half-hour Climates, if they wtre marked on the globe, would become narrower as they advanced near the poles. It is eafy to know in what climate a city is, by cbferving the longeft day ; as for indance, at London, where the davi are fixteen hours long, we need only fubftradl twelve from the number, and there will remain four; tken multiply this by two, and you will have eight, which is the Climate f)f London. Th« fame may be done on any other Ciimate. '• . Of the Points of the Compafs, The earth maybeconfidered with regard to the four cardinal Points, which are the north, fouth, caft, and wed ; and all the points included between them may have refpedl to a paiticular place. By this meat s wc know the iituation of the diftercnt countries of the world, vvirh reparcJ 10 lacrj ether; for feme are oriental, or towards the eaft, with regard to thufc that are occidental, or lie wefteily of them. Thus England is t'» tlie we.t of France, and Poland is to the call of Germany; as alio Africa is to the fouth of Europe. We may eafily dilHnguiOi tne paints that lie between thofe that are cardinal : thus, though Spain h to the fouth of France, yet it likewife lies to the weftwaid thereof; but as they do not lie exaftly fouih or weft cf each other, Spain uiay be faid to lie fouth- weft of France ; and for the fame leafon, on the contrary, France will be north-eaft, with regard to Spain. The like may be faid of any two other countries. * ■ ■ r r 0/ the Tirms ufed in Geography , . . ■ ' " ' The word Geography comes from the Greek, and fignilics a defcription of the earth; by the earth is meant the terraqueous globe, compofed of land and water, and it Is commonly called the tcrrcftrial globe. Choregra~ fhy is the defcription of a country, province, or county ; as for inftance, Yorklhire. Topography is the defcription of a particular place, as a town, and the like. Hydrography is a defcription of the water, fuch as oceans, Teas, and lakes. •\s the earth may be reprefentcd either in the whole, or in part, it forms the difference between geographical charts or maps, which however may be reduced to two kinds; namely, genejal and particular. Among the former, is the map of the world, or planifphcr?, which fhews the two fur- facet INTRODUCTION. SV facps of the whole terreftrial globe, cut, as it were, in two by the firft me- ^ ridian ; as alfo the maps which defcribe feme principal part of the globes fuch as Europe, Aiia, Africa, and America : and even kingdoms ; as for inftance, Poland, Spain, Italy, Gieat Britain, and the like. However^ thole maps may be called particulnr, which reprefent any particular country; but they are more properly fuch as give an account only of a part, as Naples in Italy, Normandy in France, and StafFordlhire in England. At'cer all, nothing can give a better or more general idea of the earth than a globe, bccaufe it is of the fame fliape and figure ; but as it is im- . pofllble to make one large enough to (hew every part of the earth and lea dilliniflly, there is a necefTity of having recourfe to general and parti- cular mapr. Geography, as well a" other arts and fclence?, has terms proper to itfelf; fome of which have relation to the earth, and others to the water. A continent, called by fome Terra Firma, is a large part of the earth, which comprehends feveral countries not feparated by any fea; thus Europe is a oontin^nt. An ifland, or ifle, is a portion of the earth entirely furrounded with water. A peninfula, or cherfonefe, is a qi^antity of land which is only joined to a continent by a neck of the fame, it being every where elfe encompafTed with water. An ifthmus, or neck of land, is that part by which a peninfula is joined to the land, as the ifthmus of Suez and Daricn. A promontory is a high part of land, which advances or flretchcs int© , the fea, and is connmonly ca hd a cape, when it appears like a mountain ; but when the advanced part has little elevation, it is termed a point. Thus the Cape of Good Kope is a mountainous promontory. An ocean is a large colertion of waters furrounding a confiderable part of the continent; fuch as the Athintic and Northern Oceans. A fea is a fmalicr colleftion of waterr, when unJerllood in a ftrift fenCe, as the Britifh and Irifh Seas; but, '. gcneial, every part of the ocean may be called the fea ; and it is Hill more gcncr..!, when the terraqueous globe is faid to conftll of land and fea. A gulf is a part of the fea furrounded with land, except in one pirt* where it communicates with the ocean ; as the gulf of Bengal, the gulf of Florida ; and yet thefe are more properly feas than the Mediterranean, the Baltic, and the BInck Seas, which, proper y fpeaking, are gulfs, as well as the gulf of Venice. ^ A bay is faid to difrer from a gulf only in being lefs, and more narrow at the entrance than within ; but this is far from b.-lnT; true; for a bay has a wiJcr entrance in proportion than a gulf, and it may be alfo larger than Twrne gulfs; as for inftance, the Bay of Bifcay ; though it muft be "icknow- ledged bays in general are much fmaller. A cretk a is fuiail inlet, and is always much lefs than a bay. A road is a place upon any coaft where there is good anchorage, anc!. where veftels, in fome fenfe, are (hcltercd from the wind. A ftrait is a narrow paflage which joins two feas, two gulfs, or a fea and a gulf; fuch as the Sound, near the Baltic ; and the Straits of Gibraltar, between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean. A lake is a collection of ftanding water furrounded by land, having no vifible communication with the fea. Thus the Cafpian Sea is truly and properly a lake; and there is another near it, called the Lake of Aral, which has hardly ever been taken notice of by former geographers, it being but a late difcovery. It is about one third as big as the Caipian Sea, and feveral rivers are now known to run iato it, which by former wricers 7 , ' ' wcnc I xvi INTRODUCTION. * * were fald to fall into the Cafpian Sea. Smaller lakes are thofe of Ladoga, Geneva, and feveral others to be mentioned hereafter. A river is a flream of water that has its foarce from a fpring, which always keeps running till it fails into fome other river, or into the fe-^. Defer iptlon of a Map, ' . / The top of moil modern Maps is confidered as the north, the bottom of the Map as the f«uth, the right hand as the eall, and the left hand as the weft. In old Maps, where this rule is not always ftridily followed, a Flower de Luce is generally placed on fome part of it, pointing towards the north, by which the other points may be eafily known. On the top of the Map, between the marginal lines, are placed the feveral figures, which fliew the number of degrees, of eailern or weftern longitude of every place that is direflly under thofc figures. At the bottom of mod Maps are placad the fame figures as thofe at the top ; but, in Maps of the baft fort, inftead thereof, are placed the number of hours or minutes every plrfce in it lies diftant, eaft or weft, from its chief town or firll meridian. For inftance, every place, which is fituate one degree eaft of another, will appear to have the fun /o«r minutes of time ^(/b/-^ it ; and anyone place, fuuate one de- gree weft of another, wiH appear to have the fun four minutes of time afitr It. Again, a place fituate fifteen degrees eaft of us, as Naples, will appear to have the fun one complete hour bufort us at London ; and a place fituate fifteen degrees weft of us, as the iflands of Madeira, will appear to have the Sun one hour after us at London. On the right and left hand of every Map, between the marginal lines, are placed figures that (hew the number of degrees, either north or f^uth, which every place parallel with them is diftant from the equator. Thus London is fituated 5 1 degrees, 30 minutes of north latitude; that is, it is lb many degrees and minutes north from the equator. Over fome Maps are drawn lines from the top to the bottom, and from the right hand to the left : thofe which run from the top to the bottom, are lines of longitude, and thofe which crofs them, lines of latitude ; but thefe are frequently omitted, where a Map is too full to admit of them. Kingiomi or Provinces are divided from one another by a row of fingle points, and they are often painted or ftained with different colours. Cittci or great totuns are made like little houfes, with a fmall circle in the middle of them; but fmaMer townt or i .. .' THE r ••-» General Gazetteer j • . &.. It IS , Vlaps td to icude, lently , Ciitet iddle irclcs. forejit es arc thofe fpace ts of little noted they pths,' okes trows rs are )ubte - ' ' ^,, -"'•; OR, A COMPENDIOUS GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. A A A A, a rmall river of Germany, in VV«i\piulia, which rifes near Munftur, waters that city, and falls into the river Embs, over- againA Gftvcn. A A, a friMll river of Dutch Brabant, that hat its fource on the confines of the coantry of Liege and Guelderland, waters the town of Heimont, and after having received feveral fmall rivers, fails into the Dommt.1, a little above Boi$-le> due. A A, a river of Fiiindcrs, that rifes ii> Picatdy in France, beyond Rumilly-le> compie, luns N. £. through Artois, be- comes navigable near St. Omer's, by means of Huices, paflfcs on to Gravelin, and f JU into the English Channel. • A A, the name of two fmall rivers in the United Provinces, that proceed from a morafs named Bertan^, in the territory of Drente, and unite in We^rwold, where ihey are called the Welterwold A a, and pafs on till they fall into the guiph of Dollarr, near the confines of the county of £mbden. A A .. , * A ^, ■ fmall river of Wertpnalia, that rifes in the diocefe of Munlier, m the quaiter of Aha$, waters the town of that name, and aftei wards Goer, in the dillrtA .of Twente, which it runs through, and enters (hat of Sallant, where it jt^ini the Vecht, a little above the fniail town of Omme. Aa, a large river in the duchy of Cour- land, thdt rifes in Samojitia, and falls iri' to the bay of Riga. * A A, or Alpra, a fnia!l river of SwifTerland, in the canton of Zurick, wa« tets the town of Gruningen, and falls in- to the lake Grieifenfee, to the S. of the mouth of the river Olatt. * A A, or Alpha, a river in Wertpba- l?a, that has its fource in the 'county of Leingou, washes Detmold, paffes on to Hervorden, and after that fatis into the Wefer, about eight miles above Mindcn* Some call it the Wehra. * A A, or Alpha, a fmall viver of Weftphalia, that rifes in the county of Steinfort, runt through its whole length, B watert 't ABA waters the town nf that name, and enter \nt^ S^llant, joini the Vecht, a liltic btlow the fmall town of Oirme. • Aa, or Alpha, a river of Swiflcr- land, that rifet in mcMPt Bruni;;, in the canton of Undciwald, crcircs it from S. to N. waters Sarnen, and falU into the hke of Lucern. • Aa, or Altha, a fmall river of SwifTeiland, that rifit in the canton of Lu- cern, nearSempach, fotms two fmall lakes in its couife, waters Lentzbuigh, and falls into the river Aar. AALBoao. See Alburq, as alfo other words that begin with two Aa's, and not found here. Aalhiidk, a large barren heath ef Denmark, in North Jutland, between Skive and Koldini;. Abach, or WstTF.NBURG, 3 town of Germany, in the circle of Bavaria, de fended by a citadel, and feated on the river Danube, feven miles from Raiifbon. Lon. II. 56. E. lat. 48. 53. N. Abakansxoy, a town of Siberia, feated on the river Janefka ; it was found- cd in 1707, and rebuilt in 172; ; it is provided with artillery, and has a garri- fon. Lon. 94. 5. E. lat. 53. 5. N. Abaxcn, a river of Siberia, in AHa, Cmx. falls into the Jeneli foon after it rifes. A B A L A K, a town in Siberi.i, two miles from Tobolfkoi, famous for an image of the Virgin Mary, conftantly vifiied by a great number of pilerims : the clergy carry it every year in proceHion to Tobol- flcoi. Lon. 64. 10. £. lat. 57. 1. N. Abako, a village in the territory of Pa- dua, in Italy, famous for the warms baths near it. In one called Bagno di Fango, the patients are covered all over with the warm mud or Hime, in hopes of a cure. Lon. 10. 7. E. lat. 45. 30. N. * Abar ANER, a town of Turcomania, in Afia, where the arciibifhop of Nakfivan often refides } he is an Armenian, and yet there are 300 Roman Catholics faid to be in this place. It is so miles N. of Nakfivan. Lon. $6. 30. E. lat. 39. 50. N. * AsASciA, a country of Afia, which may be faid to be in Georgia, taken in ge neral. It has Mingrelia on the E. the Cir- caiTian Tartars, or Black CircafTia, on the N. and W. and the Black Sea on the S. It has very few- towns, and thofe of little confequence; the inhabitants are railed Abcaflians, and Are well madeanci^flrong; but live in continual dread of each other ; becaufe thofe that have moft power feize at many as they can of the poorer fort, ABE to fell »hem to the Turks Lon. from 39. to 43. E. lat. 43. to 45. N. • Abascia, a river of Mingrelia, in Afla, which falls into the Faflb. Abazkaja, a town of Afia, in Siberia, feated on the river Ifc!iim. The church IS furKuntle-l by a wall, and guarded by d.-a^oons. Lon. 69. 5. E. lit. 50. 10. N. AiiBcviLLE, a cjnfi'lerable town of France, in Lower Pica tly, and capital of the cjunty of I'onthuu : fcited in a plea- fant valley, where the river Scmme di- vides into fever.1l branches, an'J f:p»rates the town into two parts. A minulaclory of woollen-cloti) was fet up here in 1665 : they alfo make fail cloth, co»ife linen, and black and green f<»ap. It carrties on a good trade, by means of the river Somme, in which the tide rifes fix feet. It is 1 5 miles from the Briiirti Channel, jo N. W. of Amiens, s» S. of Calais, and 90 N. of Palis. Lon. 1. 6 E. lat. 50 7. N. Abbrybovle, a town of Ireland, in the county of Rofcommon, anrf province of Connaught, 13 milts N, ot Rofcommon. Lon. 8. 32. W. iat 53. 56 N. li is re- markable for an old abbey. ABBRv-Hot-M, a town in Cumberland, fo called from an abl>ey built heie by David king of Scots. I (lands on an a'm of the fea, and had a markst on Saturdays ; it has now a fair on Oilober 19, for horfes and horned cattle. It is 16 miles S. W. of Carhne. Lon. z. 58. W. lat. 54. 45. N. ABBeY-MlLYOK,OrMlDUI.KTON,an ancienr but mean town in Dorfetfliiie, where there was formerly a low abbey. The market is come to nothing; ; but it has a fair on the Tuefday after July a^, for cat- tle and toys. It ii 12 miles S. E. of Dor- chefter Lon. a. ^o. W. lat. 50. 49. N. Abbot's-Brom L r.Y, ofherwife called Paget's Bromley, a town of S'afFord- ftiire, with a market on Tnefdays, and three fairs, on ThuifHay before midlent Sunday, May 22, and Auguft 24, all for horfes and home.) cittie It is fix miles E. of Stafford, and 128 N. W. of, Lon- don. Lon. 1.2. yj lat. $2. 45. N. Abbotsburv, a town in Dorfeifhire, where there is a famous fwannery : it has a market on Thurfdays. and a fair, July 10. It is feven miles S W. of Dorchef- ter, and 133 W. by S. of London. Lon. I. 17. W. lat. 50. 40 N. Abcassians, inhabirans of Afia, in Ab^fcia : a brutiih people, and much ad- dicted to theft ; living without law or religion. * Abrnow, a mounta'n of Cermany, • in Suabta, in the principality of Furften- berg; ABE beri?, »3 miles from Friburg. Remaikahle for itic frtirce uf the Danube, and (or giving name to a lung chain oi mountains, that extends from the Rhine lo the Nc(.lbrothoc, a town of Scutland, in the fliire uf Angus, feared on the river Tay. It had a mo- naHery, whic*! was dcmolifhed at the time of the Reformation ; but there are yet m.ig- nificent luins to be feen. Thtrc are two cliurches, one of whicli is half rumed. 1: has a pretty good harbour, aHvantattrous for trade, and f^ands on a feitile plain. It is 15 mileo N. E. of St. Andrew's, and 40 N. N. E. vi Edinburgh. Lon. a. 29. W. lat. 56. 36. N. Aberconwav, See Conway. Aberpccn, a maritime place in the north of SvOtiand, divided into two towns, the Old and the New. It was formerly n bifhop's fee ^ is now capital ot the county } and has an univerfity, which has pro duced feveral famous men. It Ims a harbour at the mouth of the river Donne. >w!iich belongs to Old Aberdeen, and an other on the river Dee tiiat appeitains to the New. There is a ftnne bridge oi feven arches, over this laf\ river. It is 84. miles N. E of Edinburgh, and 58 N. E. of St. Andrew's. Lon. I. 49. W. lat. 57 10 N. * ABiRniENSHtRE is compfchendcd in that of Marr ; but fends two members to parliament. Aberdour, a fmall town of Scotland, in the fhi'c of Fife, feated on the frith of Tay, 5a miles N. W. ut Edinbuigh. ABE AiRRroRn, orABRRroRTM,a town in iUc weft-iidini; uf Yoikfhite, with a mar- ket on Wedncfdays ; and four fairt, on '"c hr(\ Wedncfday in April, on the firll Wednefday in May, on the tirft Wednef- day in Oftober, and on the Wednefday after St. Luke's day ; which are all for hoifes, horned cattle, and fheep. It is zo miles S.W of York, and i8o N. N. W. of London. Lon. 2.45. W. lat. 53. 30. * Abcrkraw, a town of North Wales, in tie ifle I'f AngUfey, formerly a phce of gtrat account, the kings of North Wale^ having then a palace here. Now reduced ;o a fmall village, though It has four f.iirj, on March 7, Wid- nefday after Trinity Sunday, October 13, and D.'C. it, all forciitle. It is fix miles N. W. of Newburgh. Lon. 4, 30. W. lat. 53. 7. AiiERGAVENNY, a Well bullt tOWH of Monmouihfhiie, contairing about 500 houfes, with two parilh churches, and an old caf\le. It has two matkeis, on TuefJa)S and Fridays; and three fairs, 1 i-n May i, tor lean cattle and (hcepj tKe firfl Tuefday after Trinity Sun- day, for linen and woollen-cloth ; and on SfptemKer 25, for hogs, horfes, and flannels. It is 16 miks W. of Monmouth, and 141 W. by N. of Lundon. Lon. a. 5. VV. lat 51. 50. * ABrRr.ci Y, a village of North Wales, in Denbiglifliire, that has four fairs, on April a, the day belore Holy Thurf- d:iy, Augull ao, and O^Oober 9, all for cattle. It is r miles W. by S. of St. Afaph, Lon 3. 3a. W. lat. 53. 19. N, * Aberguiliy, or Abergkrlicm, a village of South W.-iIes, m Carmanhtn* fhire, with two fairs, on Oftober a and Oftober a 7, for cattle, horfes, and pedlars ware. It is la miles N. by E. of Car- marthen. Lon 4. ao. W, lat 52. 10. Abernethy, a town of Scotland, in Strathern, a dillri£l of Fenhfhite; feated on t'.e river Tay, a little abo-e the mouth »>f the Erne; formerly the feat of the P.Aifli kinrs ; and afterwards the fee of an archbifliop, fince transferred to St. Andrew's. AatRYSTwrTH, a town of Cardigan- fir, e, m Wales, Ha'ed on the river Rid- dal, near its c>et the maikct on Monday is confidtrfcbit-. It is 30 miles M. E of Cardigan, and 199 W. S. W. of Lon- don. Lon 4. I ^. VV. lat. 5*. 30. N. A BEX, a country of Africa, en th« Red Aa, which bounds it on the E. B a Abyflinia ., ABO Abyflinia and Nubia lie on the W. Egypt on the N. and the roatl cf Ajan to the S The principal lowm are Ercoco and Sua quam, which it the capital, and t)ie feat of » governor. It it very Tandy and barren, being dcfiitute of water. The inhabitants arc Mahometans. * Abiap, a town of Afiica, on the coa(\ of Abex, feated on a hi^h meun- tain, rcnr)arkable for its trade in ebony and aromatiu plants. Abiagrasso, a fmall town of Italy, feated on a canal, in the duchy ot Milan. Lcn. 9. 14. r. la*. 4;. 10. N. Abinoton, or AniKcnoN, a town of Serkfhirr, which is a good thoroughfare, and pretty well builr. It has a market on IVlcndays and Fiidays; and ti)e fairs are on the fit ft Monday in Lent, June ao, Srp- Mmber 19, arivi December 11; all for horfes and other cattle. It lends one inember to parliament, and is fix m Ics S. of Oxford, and 55 W. of London. Lon, J. 20. W. lat. 51. N. Abiul, a fmall town in Reira, a pro- vince of Fortuga', containing upwards of J 300 inhabitants. Lon 17. 10. W. lat. a Kalmuck prince. Lon. from 71 to S3. E. lat. 51 to 54 N. • Abms, a town of France, in the generality of Orleans. Abloe, a town in little Tar'ary, lying between the river Dnieper, and the Black Sea. Lon. 33. 15. £. lat. 46. ao. N. • Abnakis, a people of North-Anne- rlca, between New-England and Canada. They hate labour, and could never be brought to cuMvate the ground. Abo, a city of Sweden, and capital of Finland. It is futrounded with moun- tains, has a commodious liarbour and a bishop's fee, fc-ated at the mouth of the river Aurojoki, near the gnlph of Bothnia, jSo miles N. E.of Siockholm. Lon. zi. ttS.E.Iat. 60 50. N. Abo-flot, or Abo Huf, an ancient fort in Finland, on a peninfula, near the mouth of the river Aura. It has Often fuifered from the enemy, and by fire. Aboim pk Nobreva a Coato, a diftriA of Portugal^ in the province of £n- tredooro c Minho. Aboutige, AbvtIsh, or Abohibb, a town in Upper Egypt, in Africa, near the Nile, where there grows plenty' Of poppies, of which they make the bcft opi- um in all the Levanu It was formerly a A B Y large but now a mean place. Lat. s6, 50. N. Abr AHAMiDORr, a fmall town in Hungary, but well inhabited. Lon. 19. 50. E.l.it. 46. ao. N. Abrantes. a town of Portugal, in Eftremadura, on the river Tajo, belonging to a matquis of the fame name. It con* tains 35,000 inhabitant!!, has four con< vents, an alms houfr, and an hofpital. Lon. 7. iS W. lat. 39. 13 N. Abreiro, a town of Tra-los-montes, in Fwrtugal, containing between a and 300 iithuhitants j'the dilliiO belonging to it comprthends ten parifh.s. Lon. 7. to. W. Jat 41. 20. N. * ABDor. Hos, dangerous flioats, about ;o miics from the coaft of Uralil, and near the ifland of St Barbe. Abron, a river of France, in the ^a* vernment of the Nivernois. Abruc bany/, a wtll inhabited town in Tranfiivania, fe.ited on the river Om- P'^y* 35 niiles above Alba Julia, near which there are mines of gold and filvei, and the mine court it> kept heic. Lon. 33. 24« E.lat 46. 50. N. Abru'/zo, a province of Naples, about 87 miles in length, and 62 in breadth. It is bounded on the E. by tiie gulph of Venice J on t>ie N. and W.by themarche of Ancona, Umbria, and thecanppagna of Rome ; and on the S. bj the Terra di La- voro and Molife. It is diwiHed into two parts by the river Pefcara, whereof one ia called Ulterior, and has Acjuila for its ca- pital ; and the other Citerior, of which Solmona is the capital. Bcfides the Ap- pennine mountains, there are two others, called Monte Qavallo and Monte Mayallo. The top of ihts laft is always covered with fnovr. This country is fertile in corn, rice, fruit, and fafiion ; but the wi.od$ abound with bears and wolves. • Absperg, a fmall town in Suabia, in the Norgow, near Aiifpach. Absteinen, a ba.liwick beyond the river Memel, in the circle of Tapieu, he- longing to the kingdom o^ PrulTia. Ic iii a mountainous, but pleafant country,* and abounds in corn and (;attle. Abydos, a town and caftle of Leffer Afia, now the fouthern caftle of the Dar- darielles at the Strait, joining the Aichipe- lago to the Propontis. This St'ait is otherwife called Gallipoli, and is two miles in breadth. Lon. 27. 2f>. £. lat. 40. 16, N. Abyo, or Abuyo, one of the PMIip- pine iflsnds, in the Eaft- Indies, between Mindinao and Luzon, where the Spaniards ..Mi ^ have A C A hsre a fort. Lon. ixo, 5. E. lat. 10. o. h. AaviiiMiA, a kingdom of Africa, bounded on tlie N. by ttiat of Sennar, or Kuhia J on (he E. partly by the Red Sea, and partly by Dancala ; on the W. by Co>- ham and Ginf^iro { and on tlie S. by Ala- ba and Ommo Zaidi, It wts formerly of ftrrater extent than it if at prefernt, becaufe feveral provinces hnve revolted, and the Turks have made encroachments to the £a(t. The land in fertile in many places, and the air is very hot, except in tfie rainy fearort, when it is very temperate. For four montiis in the year there are gi eater Mins fall than perhaps in any other part of the world, which occafion the fwellinp of the river Nile, that has its fource in this counrry. It contains mines of all forts cf nivtai except tin j l;ut the inhabitants ms'-» no great advantage thereof. The fields are watered by feveral f) reams, except in the mountainous parts. The emperor, or kinft, is calle*) Negus ; and he has been commonly taken for Prefter John. His au hority is abfolure, and he otten dwells with his whole court in tents. However, Abyflinia is not without cities, as fome pretend ; for Gondar is a large place, where he commonly r'-fides when he is not in the field. The inhabitants are black, or very near it ; but they are not fo ugly as the Negroes. Their religion is a mix- ture©' Chriftianity and Judaifm. The habit of perfons of quality is a filken-vefl, with a fort of fcarf } but the common people wear nothing but a pair of drawers. Acadia, or New ScoTLAKt>, a •ountry in North America, bounded by the river St. Lawrence on the N. by the ocean on the W. by the bay of Funriy, and the fea of Acadia on the S. and by New England on the W. It was ceded to the French by the treaty of Breda, in 1661 j but being afterwards taken by the Engiifh, it was, by the treaty of Utrecht, yieldtd up to them, where they have plantd a colony. It is a very fruitful country, and affords plenty of game, befides fi(h. Lon. from 63 to 70. W. lat. 43 to 46. N. • AcAMBou, a kingdom on the coafl ^pf Guinea, in Africa, whofe king is ab- folute, and all his fubjefts flaves, which, Jiowever, does rot prevent them from be- ing haughty and infolent. * AcANNv, an inland country on the gold coaft of Guinea, in Africa, aflford- ing the beft gold, and in great plenty. There is a town or village of the fame name. Loo, 18. 30. W. Ut. 8, 30. N. ACH AcArutco, a confidcnbl* town of Mexico, m America, feated en a bajr en t'lc South Sea. Tht harbour is very com- modious, and will hold near 100 vefleh* Every year they fend a rich fhip to Ma- nilla, one ol the Phillipine iflandt } and another returns annually from thence to the dms port, laden with the beft commodi- ties of the Eaft-lndiei. One of thcfe loaden with filverwas taken by commodore Anfon in the year 174}. Lon. 101. tg. W. lat. 17. 30. N. AcAKAi, a town of South America, in Paraguay, built by t^e jefuits in l6t4« Lon. Xi. 5. W. lat. 26. o. S. AcFRrsfA, a fmnll town of Italy, in the province of Bifilic-ita, belonging to the kioirdom of Naples, with the title of a duchy. It was formerly the fee of an arch- bifhop. Lon. 16. 5. E. lat 40. ao. N. Acta NO, a town of Italy, in the cite* rior principality of Naples, with a biOtop'a fee. It is 17 miles S. W. of Conza, and I a N. E. of Salerno, Lon. 15. 46. E. lat. 40. 50. N. Acer a A, a town of Italy, in the king- dom of Naple», and in the Terra di Lavo- ro j feated or» the river Aicno, feven miles N. E. of Napiesi, and 20 S W. of Bene- vento. Lon. 15. 10. E. lat. 40. ^5. N. AcHAiA, a province of Turkey in Eu- rope, now called Livadia } of which Athens, at prefent named Saithines, or Setines, was the capital. SeeLivAniA. AcHAM, a country or Alia, intheEafl- Indies, bounded on the N. by Bouton, on the E. by China, on the S. by Ava, and en tl.e W. by Patan and Jefuat, in Ben- gal, This country is very little known to the Europeans. AcHBN, or AcHBM, a capital town of a kingdom of the fame name, in the N. part of the ifland of Sumatia, in the Eaft Indies. This kingdom extends as far aa the line, and contains many animals, trees, and fruits, unknown to the Eutopeat)s. The inhabitants are generally very fuper- Oitious. It has for a confiderable time been a noted place for trade, and was for- merly governed by a qucfcn ; but in 1700, a faid, or preacher, liad intereft enough to obtain the government. It hat nothing of its own but gold duft, which is exceed- ing good, for the Elephants teeth are brought thither out of the country. They punifli theft very feverely. and yet rob- beries and murders are very frequent a- mong them. This town is feated by the fide of a river, in a large plain, and the king's palace is in the middle of the town, being fo well fortified that it commanda the 'i !>'"'it.< A C Q^ ••»<« 'ooo S. E. of For. St r ' '^•'•"»' I •'Germany imh V"' * ^"''«" 'own «v. mile, bc'low dS* *"> ""« ''^'r Elb, ACHM«T«Cll«T . .' foU of „,e Crime. ' tulZV." "'* P'"'"" T..rary. L'n 5, "^^^ 4**" ''*" °' i^--Ko See a'c^«':.„!*- tn Nel^rxicoVJ^rVL?; V-"'''"' •»i". -iri. aft^WcanI?^^'•r"'•■ P'tal of ,|,c province, l": " "" "' »«. 35.0. N. • ''°"' '<'4. 15. W. Nof.J7m'Hc,;b"nTIV' /r^'""' '" S. by ,he Ocean IZ ' /'" "'•= ^' »nd baycfChere":aV/c "V'^7-.''y''.e -p.omonii^'^oVib-Toi;;?;,'"^^^ . f-i^, in France; f^^c fled^"'"""!'^"' "' .^»'«r. in ,lKfe nam L™'" ""' ''°' '« 43. o. N. ^ • '•**"• '• 40. E, •Ac^s. See Dax. ^''I' ». >o. E. Jat. 4375 N *''''• founfai'n^if'i^r-^;^'"-* ' "'^brated province of Naple's ,f ''^''"a-^^erior. , of the river cfa"* I'T' '^' "'""•" town Of I alv i„ .Z ' ■ * P'^'^V 'arge withabit:;:te''"r"r''''^'-- Ko.e^Lon.r;;v;:rtaf:4r;:rs;-" •^'« fo, us «cl!.:[ re:r nr,';- ADA I.on* Aca >», a tow n nf *. ' 44 40. ^"«.. have arong ,.,";"^' '^"•^•'•. »"«* particular vii/aee 1 ' '"'' ^"" "• 5. o N. """«•• ^'>n. o. a VV. |.,. very famous in tVe .''•/^'* ^' «"»« "ow inconr dc, b ":;• '"•""^- ^' '» •'y its harbor w,,cs"'r'^'"f'P°'''* '«v.r.| fhip, 'ie7j"/„^ '»/rcquen.ed by Fantynean'c^C V^- ;-« ?" "=' fo.t here called J-ort iJlL '''^* * it»,he viJ|a« inh.k r '* *"d under. •"««. TheXr^nLi;:' '"'^'''^ ««'*'- '<>/«n,andr;.''": '"^.^ r.heirv'^'^'^'^ other coun-ries Ti,. V '°'"'» to ■•"".jS. ,.E |„. 36. ' ^""Ca„d„. 30. N. ^ '"• *• 'at. 35. 'he Eaft Indies .V,',h n*^^ •""""tain of «. ^rSft«i:;°r ''''■'> '^' '^- names. A D I n*mM, for the firll man ii not called AH«ni l>y tllt ^liiiminn climjie in the world, Wit!) a hiiho^ • ffe- U it feared on t'lc rJv«r Chcquto, t^mil'-iN. E of Tarfui. Lon. \s- 41. E '■« "i*. 10 N AiniA, a liver of S'^rjirel^nd ah I Italy, which iifes '" mount flr^uli'), in the coun- try of the (m /^nns, and paffing fhro' the Valt.hne, tunj thr»' the lake Como and the Milanefe, falling iiuu the I'o near Cre- mona, AnrA, a province of Anian, en the l.»n cn.\n (.f Africa. See Adkl. AiiR I., or An K A, a kingdom of Africa, railed aif'i Zcil;*, fiom its capital rovvn. It Ins on the ■">. coatt of the (trait of Ba- bclininc*el. It feldom rains here, and ye: the country is fruitful, being; well wa- tered With rivers. It abi->unds with whe^t. miller, frinkmctnfe, and pepper; and the tails of ;,'uM' Ihccp weigh a;lb. eich. The inhabitants aie Maliomctnns. Ant iroRs, a Bi>ld nunc m tlie parifh of Aliheda, and in the diHri>5l of J'inkiopin?, in the province of Smaland, in Sweden. It was firrt difcovercd in tl.c year ly-^S 5 and there are dncatt coined with its (;old. Aden, formerly a rich and conliderabie town of Arairia the Happy, in Afia. It is fcMted by the fea-fnie; but has been ruined and abandoned for fome years. Lon. 46. 10. E. lat la. 50. N. Adit NB u R c, or Ar. DtNBURG, a town of We(lphjlj.i, and dothy of Berg, fubjeft to the 'ledor Palatine. It is iz miles N. E. of Cologne, and 17 W. of Bonn. Lon. 6 46. E. lat. 51. 2. N. AniRBiGAN, a province of Perfia ; bounded on the N. by Armenia Froper«j en the S. by Irac-Agemi; on the K. by Ghilan } and on the W. by Curdiltan. The principle town is Tauris. Lon. from 43. to 51. E. lat. 36. to 39 N. AnrRNo, a fmall place in the Val di Der,v.me town andcadle of Ciirlici, in the Mediterranean fea, .with a bifltop's fee, and a good harbour. It is populous, and thj foil is fertile in wine. It is 27 miles S. W. uf Corte. Lon. 9. 10. E. lat. 41. 54. N. Adigx, a river oi Italy, which has its fource to the S. of the lake Glace, among the Alps, and runs S. by Trenf, and then E. by Verona, in the territory of Venice, falling into the gulph of Venice, N. of the mouth of the Fo. ADZ AntavitTSAN, a provirct of Perfiat in Alia, and part of the anci«nt Media. < It ii beunde 1 on t*>e N by the province of Shtrvan \ On the .S. bv Irac Avemi and Curdiilan j m the E. by Olnlan and the Cif^ian r«a j artd on the W, by Turcomi* ma. ADOtPN r»«t»«icR'i SrK«rKT, • ftlver mine in Sweden, wliich (rmi 1741 to §747, produced a great quantity of (ii* ver. A DON, a populous villag", in th« pro- vin.e of Stuhl WeilFenbur)?, bclonning to Hun)(ary. It lies in a fiuitiul country, near the river Danube. Lon. 19. 45. E, lit. 47. 30. N. A DOUR, a river of France, wl:ich arifcs in the mount.'iins of Rigo're, and running N. by Targes, thro' Cafrony, aftervvarrtt turns E. and p,itVirig by l)ax, fjtls into the bay of nif..ay bcluw Bay( nne. Apr A, a fea port town of Grani'fa, in Spiin, 37 miles S. E. of Gran.ida, and I a S. W. of Almeiia. Lcn. 4. a. E. lat, 36. 4» N. AoRiA, a town of I'aly, which givea name to the AHria'ic fea. At prefent it is very inconfidwrahle, though it has a bishop's fee. It lies in the territory of Venice, »7 miles S. W. of Venice. Lon. 13. 15. E, lat. 45. 5. N. Adriano a Sierra, or moun'ain of Adrtana, in Cuipuzcoa. a fubdivifion of the province of BifLay, in .Spain. There is a road over it to Alaba and old CaHile, which is very ditficult : at its beginning there is a dark path of 4n or ;o paces cut through a rock } after which is the rnoun. rain tiiat n>u(t be p^iHld over, which iscne of the highert of the Pyrennees. Thefe mountains are little fiequented ; and there are no inhahi-ants, except a few (hepherda who live in cMtigcs. Adrianopix, a celcb'ated town of Turkey in Europe, ard in Romania, wi;h an arclibi(hufj'8 fee. It is feared on a fine plain, on rlie river Marazi, ii^miiesN. W. of Conllantinop'e. the Grand S.g- nior often vifjis this plice. It is eight miles in citciimferer.ee, but the flreets are narrow and ciooked. Lun. 16. 17, E. lat. 41 45. N. A HULA, a mountain of Navarre, in Spain, lying between Pamplona and St. Jean de Vie de Port. Adz£L, a poor place in the general go- vernment of Riga, belonging to Ruflia. Long. 33 :. E. lat. 56. 30. N Apzenota, a fmall town of Valencia, in Sp.)in, featid on the mountains Pei;na Golofa, .f^. A F k ■I- ! / Golora, where there are plenty of meffiei- tiai i^ants. Lon s. i6. W. lat. 39. 10. N. * Adwalton, a village in the Weft- riding of Yorkihire, five miles S. W, of Leeds, with the following fairs ; January a6, February z6, Thurfday in Eafter- week, Thurfday fortnight afr^r Eafter, Thurfday month after Eafter, WhitThurf day, and every Thurfday fortnight after till Michaelmas ; all for horfes, (he^;j, pedlars, and tin -ware, Abgades, or /Agates, three fmall iflands, lying on the W. fideol Sicily, oppo- iite to the main land between Marfella and Trapani : their names are Levcnzo, Fa- vlgnnna, and Marerama. iCcELSTAwiK, a geod harbour, lying about half a mile from the town of So- dertledge, in Suder torn, a di(Lidl of Su-* dermanland, in Sweden. i^NGiNA, one of the iflands in the Archipelago. It lies on the bay of Engia, and the town of that name contains about 800 houfes and a caHle ; and near it are the ruins of a magnificent ftruAure, which was probably a temple. Aershot, a town in the Netherlands, in the duchy of Brabant, and capital or the duchy of Aerfliot. It feated on the^ river Demur, (en miles E. of Malines, or Mechlin, and eight N. of Louvain. Lon. 5. 4. £. lat. 51. i;. N. i^THRA, a river of Sweden, that rifes in the lake Alfuusan, and runs by Falke.<- burg, in South Halland, and fal!i> into the fea. AFRICA, one of the four principal parts of the world ; boundi^d en the N. by the Mediterranean fea ; on the W. and S. by the ocean; on E. by the Red Sea and the Mhmus of Suez. It is in the form of a pyramid, whofe tafe from Tangi?" to the Il^hmus of Suez, is about »ooo miles. From ttie tvop of the pyramid, that is to fay, from the Cape of Good Hope, to the mod nortiiern part, is 4600 miles ; and in the broadell part, that is, from Cape Verd to CapeGuard-a-fui, it is 3500. The greateft part of it is witltin the torrid zone, which renders the heat almoft in- fupportable in many places. However, the coafts in general are very fruifuT, the fruits excellenr, and the plants extraordi- nary. The flelh of the animals is in gene ' ral very good ; aid there are more wild beafls than in any other part of the world ; fuch as lions, tygers, leopards, panthers, rliinocerofes, and elephants. There are aifo fome animals peculiar to this country ; fuch as the hippopotamus, or the fea-horfe, whofe teeth are fo large that they fcrve A F W inAeart of iVory, and are much better; the rhinoceros, with two horns on its nofe ; and the molt beautiful flriped zebra, which is eAeemed a fine prefent for the greatfft princes. As for the crocodiles, which were thought formerly to be pecu- liar to Africa, are now met with in other places, or at leafl, creatures fo much like them, that it is hard to know the diffe- rence. Befides thefe, they have oOrichcs, camels, various forts of monkies, and many other animals not to be met with in Europe. Theie are feveral defarts, par- ticulaily one of a large extent, which is almolt without water ; and whofe fands are fo loofe, that, by means of a Arong wind, they will fometimes bury whoie ca- ravans ar a time. However, this is not quite without inhabitants, for there are wild Arabs, and other people, who rov6 fiom place to place, partly in fearch of pafture, and partly to lie in wait far the rich caravans that travel from Barbary and Egypt to Negroeland and AbvfTmia. There are many large rivers; but the prin- cipal are the Nile and the Niger. This laf\ is ttiought by fome to have its fource near that of the Nile, and to run quite acrofs Africa, from £. to W. and to fall into the Atlan- tic ocean in feveral branches, of which Senegal is the chief :' but this is doubted by others, and not without reafon. There are very high mountains in divers parts, pariiculaily in AbyfTmia and Barbary ; in which lait country is Mount Atlas, that feparates Barbary from Bileduldclaaet, Liilen, and Mandal. Ac IN, a rich, handfome, and ancient town of France, the capital of the Agenois, in Guienne, with a bifhop's fee. It is: 'fcated on the river Garonne, in a pleafant -oeantry, ^6 miles N. E. of Condom, and 75 S.'E.of Bourdeaux. Lon. o. 30. E. lat. 44. 12. N. AciMois, a diftri£l of France, in Gui- emif, wbofe capital is Agen. It is very fruitful. Age a, a fmall town of Catalonia, in Spain, with the title of a vifcount. Lon. 1. 50. E. lat. 41. 50. N. Ago A, or Agonna, a country on the Gold Coaftof Guinea, in Africa, in which there is a very high hill, called the DerilS Mount, fuppofed to cont.-!in a great quan- tity of gold. The Englifli have a fort liere; and the village near it is inhabited chiefly by Afhermcn. Agocrhuys, the Urged diocef^ in the S. part of Norway, and principal of the •wliole kingdom. In this diocefe there is a caftle of the fame name, feated upon a ' mountain, and on the W. fide of the bay, under which the town of Chrifliana lies. AcGiRHOYS, a town of Norway, and capital of a province of the fame name, AGO which is full of mountains. It is ]• mileii N. ol Fredtrickthall, and fubjeA to Denmark, Lon. 10. 30. lat. 59. 30. N. Agger o, one of .he calltesof Frederick- Aadt, in (he diocefe of Ci>riftianftadt, be« longing to Norway. Arcers-hersed, a diftriA of Chrif' tiarfand, and a iliocefe of Norway. It confids of three juiidical places; namely, Afcher, Wefl Barum and Ager. Aghrim, a town of Ireland, in tho county of Wicklow, arul province of Lein- (ier, 13 miles S. W. of Wicklow. Lon. 8. 17. W. lat. 51, 45. N. It is famous for a battle fought in 1691. Agincourt, a village of the French Netherlands, in the county of Artois : near this place Henry V. king of England, ob- tained a fignal viiflory, with a handful of men, over the French in 141 5. It is feven miles N. of Hefdin. Lon. a. 10. £. lat. 50. 35. N. AciRv, one of the four bailiwicks, in the ifland of Corfu. It lies to the W. and has 20 villages, with above 8000 inhabi- tants. The moft remarkable place is a convent, called Paleo Cailrizza. * Acmat, a town of Africa, in the province, and on the tiver of the fame name, in the kingdom of Morocco; It is feated on the declivity of one of the moun- tains of Atlas, where the air is good, and the country fertile, 20 miles S of Morocco. Lon. 9 5. W. lat 3i.e;ns, a fmall place in the chat« tetany of Ville Neuve, belonging to the government of Bcurgogne, in France. It was formerly the feat of the chattelanf. Lon. 2. 5. E, lat. 47 10. N. AcoN, an illand in the N. part of Hel- lingland, a province of Sweden, with a good harbour, to which (hipping refort, * Acoita, a fea port town of Sicily, with an ex< client hnibour. The greateft uart of it was fwallowad y(»-by an earth' C quiikf 1 I : A G U quake in i^9J) ani^ what remains Uincon- fiderable. Lon. i6, 15. £. lat. 37. 17. N. Ac a A, the capital town of a province of the fame name, in Indoftan, and in the dominion* of the Great Mogul. It is looked upon as the largeft city in thefe pans, and it in the form of a half moon. A man on hoife-back can hardly ride round it in a day. It is furrounded with a wall of red ftone, and with a ditch ico feet wide. The Great Mogul fomctimes refides here, and his palace is prodigioudy large, and the feragllo commonly contains above 1000 women. There are above Soo baths in this town ; but that which travellers admire mo(\, is the maurolaeum of one of the Mogul's wives, which was ao years in building. The indigo of Agra is the mofl valuable of all that comes from the Eaft-lndies. It is feated on the river Jemma, about 50 miles above its con- fluence with the Tehemel, and is 300 inileB N. E. of Surat. Lon. 79. is. £. lat. *6. 19. N. AcRAMONT, a fmall town of Catalo- nia in Spain, and the chief place of a ju- rifdi^ion. Lon. ^. 10. £. lat. 41. 30. N. Agkzda, a town of Spain, in Old CaAile, 8 miles S. W. of Taiacona, Lon. z. 30. £. lat. 41. 53- N, AcRiA, called by the Germans Eger, a fmall but ftrong town of Upper Hun gary, with a bifhop's fee and a citadel. The Turks befieged it in 1552, with 70,000 men ; but were obliged to raife the iiege. The garrifon cor.fiHed only of aooo Hungarians ^ but the woman ilii^wed a great deal, of courage on this occafion. It was taken by the Tuiks in 1596, and retaken in 1687; fince which, it has con- tinued under the dominion of the houfe of Auftrja. It is feated on the river Agria, 47 miles N. E. of Buda, and 5^ W oi CaflTovia. Lon. ao. 10 £. lat <,S. 10. N. * AomcNAN, one of the tndel- campo, in Old CatUle. i^GuiR, a fmall town of Portugal, in Alentejo, which is a villa in the provedo- ria of Beja, and contains about 450 inha- bitants. Aguranhe, or Aigurandi, a fmall town of France, in Berry, with a chattc* lany. Lon. 2. lo. £. lat. 47. ao. N. * Agurindc, a fmall town of France, in la Marche, ftated on the confines of Berry. Lon. 2. 5. E. lat. 46. 2;. N. Ah u N, a town of France, in the Upper Marche, and in the generality of Moulins, being a royal jurifdit^ion. It is feated on the river C'leufe, 8 miles S. £. ot Gueret. Lon. a. 8. £, lat. 49. 5. N. Ahuys, a feaport town of Sweden, Arong by fituation, in the principality of Gothland, with a good harbour, 1 5 miles S. of ChriAianAadr, and near the Bahie Sea. Lon. 14. 10. £. lat. ^6. ao. N. AjAzzo, a fea-port town of the ifland of Corfica, with a bilhop's fee. Lon. 9. 10. E. lat. 41. 40. N. AjAzzo, a fea-port town of Natolia, in the province of Caramania, anciently Sileiia, fea-ed on the coaft of the Medi- terranean, 30 miles N. of Aniioch, and* JO W. of Aleppo, where the city of Ifliis anciently Aood, and near which Alexan- der fought his fecond battle with Dariut* Lon. 33. in. lat. 37. o. N. AicH, a town of Germany, in Ba- varia, feated on the river Par. It was raken by rhe Swedes in 1634, and fome time after reduced tu alhuk, Lon. 11. ao* ^E. lar. 48. 30. N. AiciitTAT, a. town of Germany, in Franconia, and capital of .1 bilhoprick of the fume name. It is remarkable for a curious piece of workmanlhip, called thr Sun of the Holy Sacramenr, which is ill the church : it is of mafly gold, of great weight, and is enriched with 350 dia- monds, 1400 pearls, 250 rubies, and other precious Aones. This place is moderately idrge, and feated in a valley on the river Altmul, 10 miles N. sf Newburg, and 37 S. of Neurember*;. Lon. 11. 10. E. lat. 49. o. N. The bifhoprick is 45 miles in length, and 17 in breadth ; and th* bilhop is chancellor of the church of Mayence or Mentz. AllL^O, .^? AIL AiiLLo, a fmall town in Abrazzo Ulterior, in the kingdom of Naples, that gives title to a duke. It now belongs to the hereditary prince ofModena, Lon. 17. so. E. lat. 41. 4.0. N. AtCLi, a river in the government of Orlcanoii, in France, that rifcs at Mee, in Beaufle, and fall* into the Loire. AiGLr, a pretty little town of France, in Upper Normandy, wheie they carry on a trade in corn and hard- ware, paitirularly in pint. It is %-j miles S. W. of Evreux, and 47 S. W. of Rouen. Lon. 1. 5. £. lat. 48- 35- N. AieaKMONT, abaronyof Bafigny, in France, in itte ?overnment of Champagne and Brie, depending on the duthy of Langres. AiGuEPERsc,atownofFrance,inLow Auvergne, and in the duchy of Montpen- fier. Near it is a fpring that pours out its water in a great flream, very cold, and fatal to the animals that drink of it. It is *o miles N. of Clermont, and «o8 S. of Paris. Lon. 4. 30. E. lat. 45. 50. N. At6ui$«MORTBs, a town of France, in Lower Languedoc. It is very ftrong on ac- count of its fituation among the moralTes, though at fom: diftance from the Tea. Ii had a harbour, which is now choaked up, and it has ftill an admiralty, a viguerie,^ and a board of five grnt farms. Lon 4. S.E. lat. 43. 34. N. AiGois-cAUDxs, a diftridt of France, in the valley of OflTau, the fined in the whole bailiwick of Olercn. It is in the govern- ment of Navarre and Beam ; and has a warm fpring that is oily, faponaceous, and fpirituous ; and is ufed outwardly to cure wounds and fwellings, as well as inwardly for internal diforders. AiGu iLLON, a town of France, in Gut enne, and in the Agenois, with a caftle, and the title of a duchy. It is feated in a fertile valley 10 miles N. W. of Agen, and 50 S. E. of Boucdeaux. Lon. o. 14. £. lar. 44- *S- N. * Ail A H, a fmall but ancien{ town of A(ia, in Arabia Perrea, feated on the eadern fide of one of the N. bays of the Red Sea. Jt is near the road which the pilgrims take when they travel from Egypt to Mecca Some think it theElarh mentioned in Scrip- ture. Lon. 3i;.4o. E. lat. 29. io.N. AiLKSBURY,thelargeft town in Bock- inghamfhire, with the title of an earldom, and a market on Saturdays, and three fairs, on Saturday before Palm Sunday, June 14, and September 25, for cattle. It confiiU of feveral flreets lying about the market- plact, which is large, and in the middle of AIX- it Pi very convenient Itall, where the affizet are fometimes held. It fends two members ro I arliament ; and is fixteen miles S. E. of Buckingham, and 44 N. W. of London* Lon. o. 40, W. lat. 51. 40. N. AiMARGuEs, a fmall town of France* in the diccefe of Nifmcs, and government of Languedoc. It is feated on the river VeiOre, among moraiTcs. Lpn. 3.XO.E, lat. 44. 5.N. A IMC, or AxiMA, a fmall town in the county of Tarentaife, beloi^ging to the duchy of Savoy, feated on the river Ifere. AiNSA,a town of Spain, in the principa* lity of Sorhrabe, in the kingdom of Arra* gon, feated in a plain on the river Ara. Aire, a fea port town in Scotland, in the Aiire of Aire, feated at the mouth of a river of the fame name, near the Frith of Clyde; 6$ miles S, W. of Edinburgh. Lon. o. 3 E. lat. 5;. 3c. N. It is fmall, and feated in a fandy foil ; but the inhabitants have found meanstio render it pretty fruit* ful. A I R r , a town ©f France, in Proper Gaf- cony, of which it is the capital, with a bi« fhop's fee. It is feated on the river Adour, on the declivity of a mountain, 3z miles E. ofDax, and 55 S. of Boutdeaux. Lon* o. 3. E. lat. 43. 47. N. A I R E, a ftrong town in the Netherlands* in the county of Artois, with a caftle. It was taken by the French in 17 10, and was confirmed to them by the treaty of Utrecht. It is feated on the river Lis, 22 miles S. of Dunkirk, and communicates with St.Omer'a by a canal cut from the river Aa. Lon. a. 31. E. lat. 50. 38. N. A ISA V, a fmall town and chatellany in the territory of Montagne, belonging to the goverrmeoi of Burgundy in France. AiSNt, a ri^erot France, which rifes in Champaign, and runs W. by Soifons, in the Ifle of France, and falls into the rivei Oifr* a little above Campeigne. AiT0KA,cr HiTONA, a fmall town in the principality of Catalonia, in Spain, and the capital of a marquifate. Lon. i,49.E« lat 41. 50. N. A IX, a large,handfome, and ancient town of France, and capital of Provence, with a parliament, and an unive'fi:y. Itisfeated in a plain, where there are hot baths near the little river Arc. It is 40 miles S. W. of Avignon, 75 E. of Montpellier, and 8a W. of Nice. Lon. $.32. . lat. 43. 3a. A IX, a very ancien town in the duchy of Savoy, on the lake Bourger, with the title of a marquifate. Here are mineral waters frequente4 by a great number of perfons. It is eight miles N. of Chamber- C » ry. % il ALA ty, and is fabjeA to tlie king of SarcUnia. Lon. 6. lo. £. lat. 45. 40. Aix,a fma iiiland onthccoaflofFrance, between the Kle of Oleron and the Conti nent. It is only memcrable for an inglo- rious expeditic-i of t: e Engli(h in 17 i^, when they were buund to Rochfort with a defign of taking or bu niiifi; the (hips and flores In the river on which that town is feaied ; hut returned without doing any thing, except demolilhing the fort of this ifland. It .» n miiss N. W. of Rochfort, and I a S.S. W. of Rochelie. Lon. 1. 5. W. lar. 46. 5. N. Aix>LA-CHArELLF, » Urge and hand- fome town of Germany, in the ijicle of Weflphalia, and ducl>y of Juliers. It is a free Imperial town, and the emperor Char- Umain was (o delighted wiih the beauty of the place, that hechofeit for his refidence. He is interied in the church of Notre Dame, iwhere they keep his fword, his belt, and the Four EvangelilU, written in letters of gold, which are made ufe of at the coronation of the emperors. The famous mineral waters draw a great number of perfuns every year. It is feated in a bottom, furrounded with mountains, 1 7 miles N. E. of Limburgh, zi N. K- of Liege, and 30 W.of Cologn. Lon. 5. 4S. £. lat 51. 55. N. * Akissat, a (own ofNatolia, in Afia, built in a handfome plain above 17 miles over, which is fown with corn and cotton. It is inhabited by about 5000 Mahometans, and is feated on the river Heimus, jo miles S. W. ofPetgamo. Lon. 28. 30. £. lat. 38. 50. N. A L A B A , one of the three fmalleft di(\ri£ts of Bifcay, in Spain, but pretty fei tile in rye, barley, and fruits. Theie are very good mines of iron, and it had foimerly the title of a kingdom. A LADUL I A,a province of Turk)', in Afia, lying between Amafia, and the Mediterra- nean Sea, towards mount Taurus. The country is rough, floney, and inaccefTible, •n account of the great number of moun- tains. However, there arc good paQures, and they breed excellent horfes and camels. Ai.AroKNS,a Hiftrid in the province of Beira, in Portugal, comprehending 37 parilhes } in 1718 it was raifed to a duchy. ALA6W0N, one of the principal rlveis in the government of Auverjrne, in France ; ic ri(ir« at Cantal, is very lapid, and runs into th« Allier. Ar. AcoA, » town in th» iHe of St Michael, one of the Azores } it has two pariih churciw$. i ' Ala COM, « fatall town ofSpaitt, in the ALB kingdom of Arragon, feated jn a peninftila formed by the rivers Ebro and Xalon. * Alain E, a river of France, in the go- vernment of Nivernois. Alajor, a diAriA of the ifland of Minorca, fo called from a fmall town of that name. Ala IS, a diocefeof France, in the go- vernment of Languedoc, in the mountains of Cevennes. Ala IS, a town of France, in Lower Languedoc, with a citadel, and a bi(hop'» fee. U is feated on the river Gardon, near a beautiful mea^'ow at the foot of the Ce« vennes, 3^ miles N. of Montpellier, and 3^0 S. by E. of Paris. Lon. 4 ao. C lat* 44. 8 N. Aland, an ifland of the Baltic Sea, between Sweden and Finland, fubjeA to the former. It lies between 17 and 19 degrees of E. lon. and between 59 and 61 degrees of lat. at the entrance of the gulpb of Bothnia. Alapaewskoi-sawod, an iron forge in the circles of Cattuinenburg, belonging to Siberia, in Afia. Alar con, a fmall town of New CaAile, in Spain, near the river Xucar: it was de- molidied by the Moors, but afterwards re- built. ALATAMHA,alarge tiver in North Ame- rica, which has its fource in the Allegany mountains, and running S. E. through Geor)$ia, falls into the Atlantic Ocean be- low Frederica. *Alatri, a town of Italy, in the Campagnia of Rome, feated on a hill, with a bifhop's fee. It h five miles N. W. of Veroli, and 40 S. £. of Rome. Lon. 13. 18. £. lat. 41. 44. N. A l A T Y R , a town of Ruflia, in Afia, in the circle of Alatyifkoy, feated on the river Suiu, in the government of Cafan, and 40 ;7ii|es E. of that place. Alava, a diArift of Spain, about so miles in length, and 17 in breadth, con- rainins; very good iron mines. Vidoria is ihe capital town. Alauta, a riverof Turky, in Europe; it has its fource in the mountains thatfepa- rate Moldavia and Tranfilvania, runs 9. through Walachia, amd difchargesitfelf into (he Danube, almofl oppofite to Nicopclis. Alua, a town of Italy, in Mnntferrat» with a bifhop's fee. It was ceded in 16 31 to the duke of Savoy, and is feated on the rivcrTanaro, 20 miles S. E. of Turin. Lon« 8. 15. E. lat. 44. 36. N, * A^ A -Julia, a ftrong and eonfi- derable town of Tranfilvania^ capital of the territory of Qualafciwax, a hilhop** fee* and ALB and an univerruy. The princei of Tran- Alvania geneially refide her« ; it i« feated on the declivity of a hill, near tlie river Ompais, 15 miles W. of Hermannadt, and ixoS. R. of Vienna. Lon. xz. 30. £. lat. 46. 30. N. ALBAtIf A,OrBR AIDALBAIN,aeOUnty of Scotland, in the fliire o! Perth, to the N. W. of the Grampian moumains, with the tirle of dukedom. It was firfl con- ferred on lord Danley, who married Mary queen of Scots. Albania, a province of Tuiky, in Europe, lying on the gulph of Venice. It is bounded on (ht S. by Livadia, on the £. by 'i'heflaly and Macedonia, and on the N. by Bofnia and Dalmatia. It produces ex- cellent wine ; and the inhabitants are goud horfamen, and great thieves. They are Chriftians of the Greek church, and defcend- ed from the ancient Scythians. Durazzo is the capital town. Lon. from 28 to 31. E. lat. 39. to 43. 30. N. Alb AKo, a town of Italy, on a lake of the fame name, in the Campagnia of Rome, with a bi (hop's fee. The territory about it produces the bcft wine in all this coun- try, and a great many noblemen have gardens here, where-they pafs the fummer. It is near Callle Gandolfo, 1 5 miles S. £. of Rome. Lon. 13. 10. £. lat. 41. 43. N. There is likewife another town of the iame name in the Badlicate of the king- dom of Naples, remarkable for the fertility of the foil, and the nobility of the inhabi- tant t. * Albanopoli, a town of Turky, in Europe, formerly the capital of Albania. It is feated on the river Drin, 40 miles E. of SIciTio. Lon. so. 4a. E. lat. 41 48. N. Albam's, St. a town in Hertfordihire, with the tirjc of a duchy, and two markets, on Wednefdays and Saturdays, and three foirs, on March 25, June 17, and Septem- ber 29, for horfes, cows, and (heep. It is feted on the river Co!n, a'ofe fiom the FuJns o( the ancient city of Verulam, and raceivcs its name from a monaftery dedi- cated to St. Alban, a Reman martyr. The monaftery is now ufed as a pariHt church, and in it were buried feveral perfons of royal blood, particularly the famous duke Humphrey, whofe body was diCcovered not many years frnce. It is 11 miles S. E. of DunAable, and ti N. W. of London. Lon. o. 12. W. lat. 51. 44. N. It fends two na«mbers to parliament Albany, a fortrefs belonging to the Englifli, feated on the S. W. of Hudfon's bay. Lon. 84. zo. W. lat. 53. 20. N. Albany, a town of North America, 1 ALB in the province of New- York, which It a well built place, confidering the country. Here the fachems, or the kings of the Five Nations of Iroquois, meet the governors of tl>e BritiHi plantations, when they enter in- to any treaty with them. Lon. 44. 29. W. lat. 42. 30. N. Ai.BARSG A LIS. Seo Stcl Wbis< 8KNBURC. Albabcabia, a poor town in Alen* tejo, a province of Portugal, but has an audience-court of its own. Albabgamia dbPbnxla, adiftrlAof Portugal, in the province of Entre-Douro-e- Minho, confiiiing of eleven parifhes. Ai.BARAziN, a town of Spain, in the kingdom of Arragon, on the frontiers of New-CaHile, with a bilhop's fee. It is an ancient and Arong place, and its wool is the beA in Arragon. It it feated on the Guadalavir, 12 miles W. of Teruel, and too F.. of Madrid. Lon. 1. 10. E. lat. 40* 3*-N. • AiBAziN,a town of Great Tartary, with a ftrong fortrefs to defend it againft the Chinefe and Mo)(ul Tartars. It is on tiie road from Mofcow to Pekin. Lon. 103. 30. E. lat. 54. o. N, Albe, orAuBE, a brdfhip of France, in the government of Lorrain and Barre, Alb, or Sar Alb, is the capital town, and i* feated on the river Saar. Albegmb, a fmall town of France, in Quercy, a diflri£t of the government of Guienne and Gafcony. Albemarle, or Ac mar lb* a town of France, in Upper Normandy, and in the territory of Caux, from whence the noble family of Keppel take the title of earl. The ferges of this town are in high efteem. It is feated on the declivity of a hill, on the confines of Picardy, 35milesN. E.ofRouen, and 70 N. W. of Paris. Lon. z. a i . E. lat. 49- 50- N. Albemarle, the mod northern pari of ihc4>rovince of North Carolina, in Ame- rica. Albengqa, an ancient ftrong fea-port town of Italy, in the territory of Genoa, with a bifhop's fee. The place it furround- ed with olive trees : but the air unwhol- fome. It is feated on the Mediterranean Sea, 37 miles S. W. of Genoa. Lon. 8. 13. E. lat. 44. 4. N. Alb r, a town of France, in Upper Lan- guedoc, and capital of the Albigoit, a fmall territory about 27 miles in length, aitd 20 in breadth. It is a bifhop's fee, and the cathedral is very handfome. The inhabi- tants are called Albigenfes, and were the firA that difputcd thel>ope'i authority i but i were 11 A L C vnrt con'lemned by a council held ?iere in i 1176. The environs of Alhl are delight- fnl, and ilie walks are the molt agreeahlcin Languedoc. h m feated on the river Tarn, 30 miles S. by W. ol Rhodei, and 150 S. of Paris. Lon. o. 52. E. iat. 43. 56. N. Alb I, afmall townin AbruzzoCiterior. AtBiaoLA, a fmall town belonging to the republic of Genoa j here is a por- celain manufacture, and feveral coun- try houfes ti£ the Genoefe nobility. It was hombarHcd in 1745, by the Englifti. Lon. 8. zo. E. Iat. 44. 15. N. Alboloduy, a imall town of Spain, in the kingdom of Granada. Lon. i. 59. £, Iat. 37. 15. N. Albourg, a town of Denmark, in North Jutland, capital of the diocefe of the fame name, and a biflrop^s fee. It is called Albourg, which itgnifies Eel-town, an ac- count of the great number of eels taken here. It is feated on a canal, 10 miles from the fea, 30 N. of Wyeburg, and 50 N. of Arhuys. It has an exchan.>.e for mer- chants, and a fafe and deep harbour. They have a conflHerable trade in herrings and earn J and ,a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Fez, and in the province of Habat. It was taken by Alphonfo king of Pcrtugal, in 1468 } but foon afrer aban- doned to the Moots. It is feated on the coaft of the Straits of Gibraltar. Lon. 5, 30. W. Iat. 35. o. N. Alcazar do Sal, a town of Portugal, in Ellramadura, vi ith a caAle reckoned im- pregnable. They make fine white fait here, from whence the town fakes its name. It is feated on the river Cadoan, 15 miles from the fea, .ind 35 S. E. of Lifbon. Lon. 9. 10, W. Iat. 38. 18. N. Alcazer, a town of Spain, in New CaAile, feated on the river Guardamana, whi.h has a fortrefs on a high hill for ita defenre, and lies in a very fruitful country, 100 miles N. W, of Carthagena. Lon. 2, ic. W. Iat. 38. 15. N. ALCAtviER, an ancient and handfoms town of the United Provinces, in Kenne- merland, a part of North Holland. In the environs of this town they make the beA butter and cheefe in Holland ; and have the fineft tulips. It is 15 miles E. of Har- lem, and 17 N, W.of Amfterdam. Lon. 4. 26. £. Iat. 52. 28. N. Ai.riviiNA, a niarquifate in the Icing* dom of Sicily, in t' -. V .J di Mazara. ALcoLASTitE., 2 liver of Fiance, in ths government of Nivernois. Alconchor, a caftle of Spain, on th« frontiers of Eflramadura, feated on the river Alc!iraque, that falls into the Cuadiana, 2«r turned in- ffed to direft ii« city was eat, and now e«t facing the rap of tuins } :, with great lant } each of ert, and had water of ibe • formerly a the treafurts Dftted there ; difcovered the by fea, this I. The land fo low, that cr it till they the town »re i, and Pom« ;ae of granite ference. This «nd SignioTf wd authority. Tly branch •( W. «f Cairo. rrtain iflanfls in the prin- I. eira, in Por« ints, with a ir bailiwicks ging to the and about n of Eftra- the fea-iide, itants. Lon. any, in the rcle of Low> eildelheim. m of Italy, in the Cite- larquifate, Samnites. lire, with ^ifions and [efday, and ^ep. It is n through tho the town, and is a comjnfl pli-e. Tt I ux miles from the Tea, and ao N. of lioilun. Lon. o. 15. E.lat. 53. 30. N. • Alfbitton, a town ir> Derbjfliire, with a fmall martcet on Mundd>Sj Aid one fair, on July 10 for liOifcs and horntd c^itlr. I( is pleafantly feated on a (mall liill, 13 miles N. of Derby, and 135 N. N. W. ol London. Lon. o. 35. VN . lat 53. 6. N. *ALrRisTON,a village in Siinrcx,ci^ht miles S. E. of Levtei, with two f^irs, on May It, and November 30, for pedlai'b wares. .■\LGACioi. A, a rmali fea-poit town in t?ie iflmd of Corfjca, foitificd wnli w,f Alvt'ers is an ahfolute monarch} but elected by the Tuikifl) foldieis, and fre- qiien'ly depi ftd, and put to death by them. They have murdered fourot their deys,and e Pregel, near \Vehlaw. * ALLEGRANZA.a frtiall idand of Africa, and one of the Canaries, lyinv; to the N. cf Craciofa, to the N. W. of Rocca, and to fhe E. of St. Clare. There are feveral pa(lles that defend the harbou^. * AtLEGRS, a tgwn of Frarce, in Au- vergne, with tliv title of a marquifate. It is feated at the f^vt of a mountain, on the topof which is a itfong caftle, Lon. 3. 50. ^. lat. 45. 10. N. Allznoorf, afm^ll town in the circle »,< tain. It is a bi(hop's fee, and the place where king Theodore fird landed in 1736, Lon. i. 50. E. lat. 4s. 5. N. • All riR TOWN, a village of Northum* i berland, eight miles S. W. of Hexham, with two fairs, on May 10, and November 14, for horned cattle, linen-cloth, green and dry hides. ALLiER,a river of France, in the go- vernment of Languedoc } it rifes at ChabeU lier, in Gcvaudar , 'uns through the province of Nivernois, BoD^bonnois, and Auvergne, begins to be navigable near Viale, and at length falls into :he Loire. A L towA Y, a feaport town of Mentiethj in Scotland, feated on the river Foith, five miles E. of Stirling, and remarkable for it4 (inecadle, the feat of the carl of Mar, and for the coal-mires near it. Lon. 3. 45* W. lat. 56. 10. N. A LM A c A B RON,a fcs- pott town of Spain, in the province of Murcia, feated at th^ mouth of the river Ouadalantin, near the Mediterranean, 18 miles S. W. of Cartha« gcna. Lon. i. 15. W. lat. 37. 40. N. Almaicza, a little town ofNewCaftilf, on the frontiers of the kingdom of Valen- cia, jn Spain. It is remarkable for the vic> tory gained by the French and Spaniards over fhe allies in 1707, when moft of the Englirti were either killed or taken, they having been abandoned by the Portuguefe horfe at the firit charge. It is 50 miles S. W. of Valencia, and 50. N, W. of Alicant. Lon. I. 19. W. lat. 38. 54. N. Alms DA, a town of Portugal, InEdra- madura, feated on the river Tajo, oppofite to Lifbon. Lon 9. 30. W. lat. 38. 42. N. Almbdia, a frontier town of Poresigal, in the province of Tra-los montes, on the confines of Leon, where there was a very brifk adlion between the French and Portu- Ruefein 1663, 17 miles N. W. of Cividad Rodrigo. Lon. 7. 10. W, lat. 40. 41. N. AiMEinM, a fortified town of Portugal, in tlie province of Beira, on the river Cca ; it contains but one partfh church, tKougli near 2 zoo inhabitants : it has alfo an alms. 5 " . f poufe. )ntes, on ths ALP hnuff, «n bof|>it«l, and a convent j Ifi dif- tnf} comprchenrfi two parifhei. Lon. 7. I. W.lat. 40. 33. N. Ai. MtNnvAi. Aio,a Cm»)\ town of EHra- maduta, in Spain, near the hordeis of Por- tuk:3l, 15 miles S of Madrid. Lon. 4. 6. W. lat 3» 16. N. Ar. M KR I A, a Tea port town of Spain, in tlie kingdom ol Granada, with a bilhi<;>'t fee. It is feated on the river Alfn'in, on the Miditerranean, 6i mUet S. E. ol Gta- nada. Lnn. j ao. W. Int. -^6. i;i.N. Almissa, a ItiiII (t.onv town at the mouth of the Ceiina, in Uiilmatia, famous for itii piracies, 10 miles P.. of Spalatio. Lon. 39. 33. E, lat 4.]. 56. N. Almunecar, a fcaport toMn in the kingdom of Granada, feated on lie Midi- •erratii'an, with a ^ockI harbour, deferded by a ttronj; caftltr, zo miles S. of Alhama. Lon. 3, 45. W. lat. 36. 50. N. Alnwick, a thoroughfare town of Nor- thumberland, OK the road to Berwiik, with a miiket on Saturdays, and five fairs, on Palm Sunday-eve, for (ho«rs, hats, and ped- lar's waie ; on May 11, for horned c»til;, hoffes and pedlar's ware, and the lafl Monday in July for horned cattle, horfcs, and >woollen and linen cloth ; on the fiifl Tuefday inOd )ber for horned cattle, hoifcs, and pedlar's ware; and on Saturday bcfo;e Chrillmas, for f)io«s, hats, poultry, and linenclo^h. I: is a populous well-built town, with a town-houfe, where the quar- ter- fefTions and county- courts are held. It lias three gates, which remain almnfl entire, and (hew that it was formerly furrcundcd by a wall It is defended by an old Itateiy Gothic caflle, the feat «f the right hon. the earl of Northumherland, being lately repair- ed and beautified by the prefent earl. It is 33 miles N. of Newcaftle, 29 S. of Ber- wick, and 310 N. by W. of London. Lon. >. 10. W. lat. 55. 24. N. Alost, a town in the Netherlands, in the county of Flanders, fubjcrt to the houfe of AuHria, feated on the river Dender, 15 miles N. W. of Bruflcls. Lon. 4. 10. 1. lat. 49. 55. N. ALPHINGTON,OrAFFINGTON,avillage in Devonfhire, two miles S. of Exeter, with two fairs, on the fir(\ TluirfJay in June, for horned cattle, and Oftober 16, for horfes and horned cattle. Alfs, the higheft mountains in Europe, feparating Italy from France and Germany. Thcybeftin on the fide of France towards the coafl of the Mediterranean, between the territory of Genoa, and county of Nice, and they termiiiatc at the gulp!) of Carmero, which is part of th» gulph of Venice. There A L S I aie fear f Ttt o*tr tl.t , and thof» of dif- j fici.lt acci I wt ich ar< -.tue cKjcf lUiit/ I of Hi dn-,.int .iicairrttliaaii-n.pMt. »»>(;«« ' SwilTcrljtnd takes up a gn H pvt ,htl» nuuntains. Or railier the v«lle) riwerit tl cm, and tor th.i: re.ifon aic (i: i .itiiflft fht Cierni.ws .ind Fi>.nch. Tl.c fan . Ilan* n.hil attempted to ^rofs the Aifsontbtf liflc of P.ed.nont, in the winter leafon, whea tic invaded Italy, and loll moll of liis ck« phanis among them .^LrvxARtf, MrH mountains of Gra* nada, in 5;p.iin, near the co.ill of the Mcdi- icrr.irean. 'i hey arc inliahiicd l)y the an-* . cieiit Mi>rifcoes, who ciic.'u.ly cultivaie the j t'.ruund, which produces excellent wine:: and fruits. Ai. R tsioR P,a town in irimpHiire, with a mirker < n i'limr'ays, an! n f.iir on Jure Z4, for ihfcp, hotfco, and cows, 18 niilel E. N. E. of Souliainpton, and 60 VV. S. W, of London. It is (;ovef ne I by a bailiff, has one church, about zoo lioufes, two princU pal flreets, which are lar.;e and broad, and a r.nall manuf-i^uie of lindfeys. Lon. o. 48. W. lat. 51. 26. N. j A L s A c E , a prv \ iiicc of France, bounded i on tlie E. by t!:e Illiine, on the S. by Swilfcr- j land and the Frar.che Corn't, on tlie W. by ! I.prr.iir, and on the N. by the Palatinate ] of tl.e Rhine. It is a veiy fertile country, producing plenty of all forts of corn, wine, pailuie, wood, fl;ur, tobacco, pulfe, and fruit trees. There are mines of filver, copper and lead, as well as mineral waters. It is diverfified with pleafant hills, and mountains covered with forefls, in which are pine-trees izo feet high. It is divided into the Upper and Lower, hut Strafl>urg is the capital of both. The pre- vailing religion is the Roman Catholic, tho' the Hroteff ants are allowed a free exercife of theirs. The l.in^uage is the German, it having been part of that emi)ire, and is f\ili accounted fo by feme geographers. Alskn, an ifland of Denmark, in the LefTer Belt, or entrance into the Baltick Sea, between Slefwick and Funen. It has no- thing remarkable but two ca(\tes, is loo miles W. of Copenhagen^ and fubjeft to Denmaik. Alsficlp, 3 town of Germany, in the landgravate of HelTe CalFel 10 miles N. W. of Marpurg, and 35 S. of HelTe CafTel. Lcn. 9, 5. E. lat. 50. 40 N. It is an ancient town, and we'I-builr, and the inhabitants were the fi: fi of this country who embraced the reformation. Alsheoa, a paiifh of Sweden, in tht province of Smalanr*, where a goldmine wasdifoveiedin 173C D * • AlstoH %~ ill II A L C *Ar.iTONMoiiR, a town In Cumber- land, with a market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on tlio lad Thurfday in May, and the fir(t Thuifriay in ^ieptembvr, for lioriierl tattle, hoifcs, linen and woollen cloth. Jt is fcatcd on a hill, at the huttoni of which runs the river Tyne, with a Done hiU\f,t over it, and near it is plenty uf lead ore. It is lo miles E. by S. of Carlide, and S50 N. N. W. of London. Lon. a. 4. W. lat. 54. 45. N. AisuNniN, an inland lake of Sweden, in the province of Halland, from which the river Falkenburg arifeii. Altamont, a very han<7ome town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in Ca- labria Cittiior, 15 miles N. W. of Bafigni- ano. Lon. 16. 22. E. lat. 39. 40. N. A L T A M u R A , a town of Naples, in the territory of Bail, with the title of a princi- pnlit), feated on the foot of the Apennine mountains. Lon. 16, 54. E. lat. 41, o. N. Alts A, a fea- port town of Valencia, in Spain. It was tak^ in 1705, in favour of the archduke Charles ; but \o(\, after the fa- moub batt|e of Almanza. It is feated on the Mediterranean, 41 miles S. E of Va- Icnci.-), and no S. by £. of Madrid, Lon. o. 15. W. lat. 46. 34. N. Altemburc, a town of Tranfylvania, >7 miles S. W. of Wifemburg, and 358, 01 Claufcnbourg, Lon. 23. 5. E. lat 46. 25. N. Altkn, a diflrift of the Danifh mifTton, in Norway, l)ing in Finmark. Alt EN A, a fea port town of Germany, in Lower Saxony, and in the duchy of Hol- Aein. It is a modern town, built by the king of Denmark, and was burnt by the Swedes in 1712 ; but fmce been beautiful- ly rebuilt} the merchandife brought from Afia, by the Danifh Eall-India company, is fold here. Altenburg, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, witli a flrong caflle; forml of a leiiitoiy ol the fame name ; feated up- on a biook, 1 5 miles b. W. of Mentz. Lon> 7. 30, E. lat. 49. 44. N. Alt IN, a lake of RuHTta, in Afla, iS miles lon>', and i a broad } the northern part is fiozen over in the winter, but not the foothern. A L T K I R K, a town of Alface, in France, feated on the river 111, la miles N. W. ot Oafil, and 4; S. of Strafburg. Lon. 7. 20. E. lat. 47. 40. N. A1.TM0RE, a town of IreUnd, in the county of Tyrone, and province ol Ulster, 17 mites N. W. of Dungannon. Lon. 6. 57. W, lat. 54 34. N. Altml!., a river of Germany, it rifcs in Franconia, runs S. E. by Anf^ach, and then turning E. pades by Papenhtini and AichAet, falling into t'ne Danube at Kell- heim, 12 miles abo'f'e Ratifbon. * Alton, a town in Hampfhire, with a market on Saturdays, and a fair on Decem- ber 29, for cattle and toys. It is feated on the river Wey, and the market is large for cattle and provifions. It is a S miles E. N. E. of Southampton, and 50 VV. S. W. of London. Lon. 0. 46. W. lat. 51. 5.N. It is governed by a conAable, and confiAs of about 2 50 houTes, indifferently built, chiefly laid out in one pretty broad f^rcet, a part of wMcli only is paved. It has one church, a Piefb}terian, and a Quaker's meering, a famnus frce-fcl.ool, a large manufaAuie of plain and figured baiagons, ribbed druggets, and ferge de Ni fines, and round the town is a large plantauon of hops. Altorf, a town of Germany, in tfie circle of Franonia, and territory of Nurem- berg, with a famous univerfity, a library, and a phyfic garden. It is fubjeft to the loufe of Brandenburg, and lies 10 miles S. E. of Nuremberg. Lon. 9. 55- E. lat. 49. 25. N. Altorf, a town of Germany, in the circle of Swabia, 20 miles N. E. of Con- ftance, and fubjeft to the houfe of Auftriat Lon. 9. 35. E. lat. 47. 46. N. Altorf. a town of Swiflerland, in the canton of Uri, of which it is capital} feated near tlie mouth of the river Rus, on the lake Lucerne, 20 miles S. E. of Lucerne. Lon, 8. 30. E. lat. 46. 50. N. A L t R I K c H A M, a tovvn in Chefliire, with a market on Tliurfdays, and two fair,s, on, Auguil 5, and December 2, for cattle, and drapery I t tiirr A M A in\t*Ty jooHs. It it 10 milts E. of Wir- rin(tton,and 15* N. W. of Lcndon. Lon. t. 50. W. lat. 5?. «s. N'. Alva-pi-Toh mis,.i con!"iileial)leto»¥n rf Sp.iin, in ihe kingdom ot Leon, and ter- ritory of Salamancj, wiili a itron^ c-tlUe, and the title of a iluchy ; fcated on the river Tormct, 11 miles S. E. of Salaman- ca, and 47 N. E. ofCividad Rodrigo. Lon. 6. I. W. lar. 41. c. N. Aluta, a principal river of Tranfilva- nia, fifing at the foot of ti.e Cnrpathian mountains, and running thro' Walachia. Alziia, a town of Spain, in the king- dom of Valencia, feated on the river Xucar, I S miles S. of the town of Valencia. Lon. o. to. £. lat. 39. 10. N. Amadabat, a populous town of Afia, and capital of Guzurat, in the Eal^ Indies, It carries on a iar^e trade, and has an hof- pital for birds and fick animals, which the Gentooft take g.eat care of. Here the Eng- lifh and other Europeans have their refpec • tive faAors, and purchafc fine chintz, calli- coes, and other Indian merchandize. It lies no miles N. of Surat, and 40 N. E. of Cambaya. Lcn. 71. ix. £. lat. 23. o. N. AiMADAN, or Ham AOAN, a handfome town of IVrfia, in Afia, aoo miles E. of Bagdad. Lon. 47. 4. E. lat. 35. 15. N. Amadanagkr, a town in the hither peninfula of India, in the province of De- can, lao miles S. £. of Bombay. Lon. 74. 15. E. lat. ig. 10. N. Am API A, a trading town of Afia, in CurdiQan, belonging to the Turks} feated on a high mountain, 40 miles S. E. of Cezira. Lon. 43. i. E. lat. 36. 2;. N. Amak, or Amaka, an ifland in tlie Sound, on the E. coaA of Zealand, fepa- rated by a very narrow channel from Co- penhagen. Loo. 12. 10. E. lat. 55.20. N. Amal, a town of Sweden, in the pro- vince of Dalanrt, feated on the river Wefer, It has a eood harhour, and carries on a laige trade, efpecially in timber, deals, and tar. Lon. 12, 40. E. lat. 58. 50. N. AMAt. n, an ancient town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and an aichbifliop's fee. Some authors fay, that Flavio Btmbo, a native of this place, invented the marinei's compafs, about the beginning of the 14th century. Jt is feated in a charming coun- try, on the weftern coaft of the ^uiph of Salerno, 13 mites S. W. of Salerno. Lon. 15. 20. E. lat. 40. 35. N. Amancc, a town of France, in Lorrain, on a rivHl»t of the fame name, fix miles E. of Nanci, and 20 S. of Mentz. Lon. 6, 10. C. lat. 48. 45. N. AviAUD, St, a town of France, in the A M B BviMrbonnois, on the confines of Berri, (tnt- ed on the river Cher, 20 miles S> «f Bour« pes. Lon. 3. 30. E. lat. 46. 32. N. Am A MS St. a town oi the Netherlands, in the county of Flanden, with a celebrated abbey, it was taken and diftnantled by the French in 1667, and is feated on the river S..arpe, faven miles N. of Valencien* nes. Lnn. 1. 35. E. lat. 50. 17. N. Amantia, a fea- port town of Naples, near the bay of Eufemia, in the province of Calabria, ao miles S. W. of Cofcnza* Lon. 16. 20. E. lat. 39. 15. N. AMArALLA,a feaport town of North America, in the province of Guatimala, feared on a gulph of the fame name, 220 miles S. E. of the town of Guatimala. Lon. 63. 20. W. lat. 12. 30. N. Am AS I A, an ancient town of Turky, in Natolia, remarkable for the birth of Strabo, the geographer. It i,< tlic refidence of a Balhaw, and givcs its name to the pro- vince it Aands in, where there are the bed wines and the be(\ fruits in Natoli?. It is feated near the river of Cafalmack, ';6 miles N. W. of Tocal. Lon. 36. 10. E. lat. 39. 33. N. Amazons, a fiippofcH nee of warlike women, who lived m Letrcr Atia, now call- ed Amafia, on the banks of the Black Sea. It is now very mudi doubted v/hethcr they ever had any exigence \r\t'.,e manner related by authors. Amazons, a great river of South Ame- rica, which h.i$ it« fouice in Peru, not far from the South Sea, and running E. falls into the ocean dire£lly under tlcequinoflial line. Its courfe is at Ic-ifl 3C00 miles, and is fuppofed to be the grcitefi tiver in the world, (n its couife it take^ in a greac number of other rivers an;i ftreams, and we have an accuiate man of it by Mr. Con • damine, who went intothofc parts to mta- fure a degree of the meri'lian. He made particular enquiry after tlie warlike women called Amazons, but could yet no account of them } and therefore wi; may conclude, that what has been faid by tr.ivellcrs relaf" ing to this affair is a mere fiflion. Orellana was tlie fwd that entered tliis tiver, about th',- year 1539. Am BAR, a river which rifes in the S. W, part of Cavaria, runs to the N. E. by Landfperg and Dachan, and falls into the Ifer a little above LandfRut. AMnrRO, a handfome town of Ger- many, in Nordgow, and capital of the Upper Palatinate of Bavaria ; it has a ftrong caftle, and is feated on the river IIU, 30 miles E. of Nuremberg. Lon. 12; 4. E, lat. 49, 26. N. ♦ Ambert, 1 1 n II ! A M E • Ambirt, a town of Fiance, in Lower Auvergne, remarkable for its trade, and its manuta£luresof pajjer and camblets. • Amblcsidi, a town of WeUmorc- land, with a market on Wcdnefdays, and two fairs, on Wednefday after Whitfunday, for horned vattle, and on Oftober 29, faid to have difcovererl that part of this country feated under the line ; but feviral good authors have provtd this to be a milUke. America was fiift djfcovered by Chriftopher Colom- bus, a Genoefe, in 1491. Some call it the New world, and with a girat deal of pro- priety ; for not only the men, but the birds and hearts differ in fome refpcds from thofe known before. Ir has Irhewife a great number of trees, (hrubs, and plants, that grew no where elfe, before they were tranf- planted toother places. All the men, ex- cept the Eikimaux, near Greenland, feem to have the fame original ; for they agree in every particular from the Stiaitsof Magellan, in the S. to Hudfon's bay, in the N. Their (kins, unlefs dawbed with greafe or oil, ate of a red copper colour, and they have no beards, or hair on any other part of their bodies, except the head, where it U black, rtraight, and coarfe. Many are the conjec- tures about the peopling this val\ continent, and almoff as various as their authors. We have not rootA to enter into a detail of thefc particulars, and therefore fhallonly obferve, that when the original of the Negroes is fettled, we may alf«) be pretty certain from whence thofe people defcended. America is fo long, that it takes in not only all the Torrid, but alfo the Temperate and part of the Frigid Zones. It is hard to fay how many different languages there are in Ame- rica, a vart number being fpoken by the different people in different parts ; and as to their religion, there is no giving any to- lerable account of it in genei al, though fome of the moft civilized among them feem to have worlhipped the fun. The principal motive of the Spaniards in fending fo many tiolonits here was the thirft of gold ; and indeed they nnd the Portuguefe are poffef- fed of all thofe parts wiiere it is found in i^reateft plenty. It is divided into N. and S. America, and the principal kingdoms in thefe are Mexico and Peru. But the Ppr- tuguefearein po^feffionof Brafilin S. Ame- rica, and the Engliili are maAers of all the E coafl in N, America, from the river Mif- fiffippi } the Fiench having relinquifhed Canada, and what they call Louifiana, after Lewis XIV. and the Spaniards Florida. BeHcIes thofe already mentioned in S. Ame- rica, there are Paraguay within land, Chili on the S. Sea, and Terra Magellaoica to the N. of the Straits of Magellan, whofe bounds aie not certainly determined. The names of t;.. Engli(h fettlements are Georgia, Ca- rolina, Viiginia, Maryland, Per.fikrania, NewYork,New-Jerfey,NeW'EDgland,No- V*- in Ame- n by the ; and at g any to- mgh feme 1 feem to piincipal ; fo many >ld ; and e poflef- found in 9 N. and doms in the Ppr- S. Ame- f all the ver Mif- quifhed na, after Florida. S. Ame- d, Chill to the bounds : names |g», Ca- ]filvania, iKl,No- A M O lU-Scotla, Canada, and Florida ; befldeife* veral of the Cartbbe ifltnds, in what i* commonly called the Wed-Indies. AMtRsroRT, a contidcrable town of the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht ; Seated in a country fertile in corn and ex- cellent padurei, on the river Ems, la miles E. of Utrecht, and 30 S. E of Amileidam. Lon. J, 30, E, Ut. 5Z. 14. N. Amkrsham, a townof Buckinghamfhire, with a market on rueldays, and two fair;, on Whic-Monday, and September 39, for fheep. It confiih of a long flieet, lymg in. the road, about the middl« is a croft> one, and in the inteife^ion the church. The town hall, or maiket-houfe, is a bi of Candy. Lon. a6. I $. F- lat. 36. 30. N. Amour, a river of Afia, whofe Iburce ia in Siberia ; it runs E. through Chinefe Tar» tary, and falls into the bay of Korea. * Amour, St. afmall town of France* in the Fianche-Comte, 15 miles from Tournis. Lon. 15. 18. E. lat. 46. 30. N. Amoy, an ifland on the S. W. coaft of China, in the province of Fokien ; the Eng< lifh had a fa^oiy here ; but abandoned ic on account of the impofitions of the inha- bitants of thofe parts* A'^iPHipoLis, a town of Turky, in Eu* rope, anciently the capital of Macedonia, feated on the river Stymon, 70 miles N. E* of Salonichi. Lon. 40. 16* E. lat. 41. 38. N. AMPTHiLL,ato\wnin Bedfordfhire, with a market on Thurfdays, feated pleafantly between two hills, but in a barren foil. It has two fails, on May 4, and December ■ r, for cattle. It is fix miles S. of Bedford, and 43 N. W. of London. Lon. o. 19. W. lat. 52. z. N. Ampugniano, a di(lri£l of Corfica, in the country on this fide the mountains. Ampurias, a fea-port town of Spain, in Catalonia, Itated at the mouth of the river Fluvia, 60 miles N. £. of Barcelona* Lon. 3. 56. E. lat. 41. 5. N. Amr As.avery ftrong caftle in Germany, agreeably feated in the Tirol, two miles S, E. of Infpruck. It ii remarkable fer a rich library, adorned with tiie portraits of many learned men. Lon. 11. 40. E. lat. 47. o. N. * Amsbitr v,or Ambersbuk v,atown in Wiltfliire, with a market on Fridays, and three fairs, on May 6, June 11, and Nov. 1 3, for horles. It is a fcattering place, fix miles N. of Salifbury, and 80 W. of Lon- don. Lon. I. ao. W. lat. 51.39. N. Amsterdam, a large, rich, populous, trading, handfcme city of the United Pro- vinces, and capital cf all the Dutch Nether- lands. It was formerly a lordlhip belonging to the lords of AmAel ; was ruined in 1 300 but afurwardi rebuilt* Thf wall* are high, and "^l A N C and well fortified j and tlie bridge which joint the rampart is built over the river Amftel, one of the fine(l pieces of architec- ture in thefe parts. Few cities have their public buildings fo fine, numeroui, and well-kept. Here are many handfome chuiches, and hofpitah for pcrfon3 of all ages, fexes, religions, and countries. One great caufe of the populoufnefi of Amfler- dam is their tolerating all relir^ion!;, who have the afe of churches and bells ; though the reigning religion is the Protedant. The exchange is one of the principal orna- ments of the city, and the harbour is one of the largelt and fineft in Europe, where a vaft number of merchant (hips may always be feen ; though there is a bar at its en- trance, which is, however, a great fecurity againfl foreign enemies. The foundation ef this town is laid upon piles, driven into a morafs, and under the Aadt-houfe alone are 1 3000. The houfes are brick and ftone, the ftreets fpacious, and well- paved, and mod of them have canals, with rows of trees on each fide. With regard to its mag- nitude, it is computed to be about half as big as London, and none of the inhabitants are idle. It t« governed by a college of 30 ienatoni, who hold their places for life, and 1% burgo-maders, four of whom art always fitting. It is fsated at the confluence of the riverii Amftel and Wye, 65 miles N. of Antwerp, 175 E. by N. of London, 240 N. of Paris, 330 W. of Copenhagen, 560 N. W. of Vienna, and 870 N. W. of Rome. Lon. 4. 30. £. iat. 52. 25- N. Am-t, orthe German didriA in France, in the government of Lorrain and Barre. It lies along the river Saar, and is fo called becaufe the inhabitants fpeak the German language. Anadir, a confiderable river of Siberia, in Afia, that fails into the BalUrn oce^n. An a g n I, a fmall town of Italy, in Cam- pania) and in the territory of the church j it is a bifhop'a fee, 32 miles E, of Rome. Lon. 15. 55. B. Iat. 48. 6. N. * Anca« ANo, a town of Italy, in the march of Ancona, five mites N. of Afcoli, and 31 N. E; of Rome. Lon. 13. 54. E. Iat, 42. 48'. N. Amcaster, a town in Lincolnfhire, 15 miles S. of Lincoln, and eight from Gran- tham. It has neither fair nor markcf, but gives title to a f^luke. A Nc IN I s, a town of Brittany, in France, feated on the river Loire, 15 miles E. of Nantz. Lon. 1. ^ W. Iat. 47. 22. N. Anclam, a ftrong town of Germany, in thecircle of Upper Saxony, ar.d duchy of Pom«raniai remarkable for its excellent A N D paftures. Tt is feateJ on the river Pene, t» miles S, of Gripf^ald. Lon. 14. 5. S. Iat. 54. 10. N. AvroBtR, a tenitory on the gold coaft of Guinea, having a river of the fame name flowing through it, the banks of which are very pleafant, adorned with fine lofty trees, affording the moft agreeable fliada in the world. On the weftern bank is a very populous village. Ancona, an ancient and confiderable town of Italy, in the territory of the Pope, and the march of Ancona ; it is a bilhop's fee, has a haibour, and the inhabitants are noted for blanching white-wax. Tlie trade is chiefly carried on by the Jews refiding here, who are faid to oe 5000 in number, and have a fynagogue. It is feated on the gulph of Venice, 50 miles S. E, of Urbino, and 116 N. by E, of Rome. Lon. 15. 5. E. Iat. 43. 36. N. Ancona, the name of a marquifate in Italy, belonging to the ecclefiaftical ftate, and lying on the Adriatic fea. There is a fort of a o!e length; agreeable, he capital te of Terra |n the coall Leeward- >onoko on J)n the E, |f Bengal. Inoffenfive |uits, and liips that eat any |ages have in Nor- laufeway. lims flock liforders, Irhich it ii dedi< AND dedicated. It is 20 miles S. E of Rouen, | and five S. W. of Paris. Lon. i. 30. £. I lat. 45. ao. N. Am DEL LB, a river of France, in the go- vernment of Normandy ; it rifes in the pjrifn of Forge, and falls into the Seine. L»ige rafts of timber, cut in tlie woods of Lyons and Peitre, are cariied down it to Paris. • AndeoljSt. a town of F'ance, in the Vivarez, five miles S. of St. Vivicrs, whof- bifhop formerly rcfided there. Lon. 2. 50. £. lat. 44. 24. N. Anokklecht, a fortrefsof Brabant, in the Netherlands, two miUs N.of Brulfels, deiigned for an out-wuik 10 that city, ANDERNAcn, a town of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, and m the archbifhoprick of Cologn, on which it de- pends. It is feattd on the Rhine, ntar iho confines of the cle£U>rare of 1 ruves, or Triers, eight miles N. W. of Coblentz. Lon. 7. 4. E. lat. 50, 27. N. Anueko, St. a fea-port town of Spain, in the province of Bifcay, where the Spani- ards build, and lay up fome of their men of war. It is 60 miles W. of Bilboa. Lun. 4. 30. W. lat. 43. zo. N. Andks, oiherwife called Cor dill IE r a, » great chain of mountains, which lun al- moft the whole length of South America, parallel to the fea Oiore, and terminating at the Stiaiis of Magellan. They are the highci^, and moft remaikable mountains in the world ; for thofc wi hin the Torrid Zone are ai .vays covered with fnow; and m pafling over the lowefl part of them, you are in danger of being ftarved with cold. There are a great many volcanoes, which break out fometimes in one place, and fome- times in another } and by meltin.; the foow, occaiion fuch a torrent of water, that num- bers of men and cattle have perifhed. Andlau, a river of Lower Alface, tha' rifes in tlie Wafjan mountains, and fa. Is in to the 111. • Andoille, a town rf France, in Lower Maine, and in the eleflion ot Laval. * Ando.-> Ville, a fmall town of France, in the jcenerality ef Paris, and elec- tion of EOamps. An»over, a maiket-townof Hampfhire, with a market on Saturdays, and three fairs, on Midlent Saturday, for r,heerc,horfe«, and leather j on May 1 2, for leaihe-, and mille- nery. goods ; and on Nov. 16, for flieep, borfes, leather, and cheefe. it is a large town, fends two members tu.pailiament, and is a great thoroughfare on t'e weftern road, 10 miles N. by W. of Winthel^er, and fia W. by S. of London. Loo, g. 56. W. AND lat, ;i. 20. U. Near this town is held an annual fair on OAober 10, called Weyhill, lor Hiecp, ieaiiicr, hops, and cheefe. It is one of the largefl in England, and hat booths erefted for the fale of ail kinds of goods. Andrarum, a town of Sweden, in South Gothland, two milts and three quar> teis S. of Chriltianftadt, where there is the gre.iten aI!un)«.voik in the whole kingdom. • Andre, St. a fma'l town in Lower Languedoc, anddiocefeof Lodive. *Andke vt Beaulieu, St. a fmall town of France, in Touiaine, and in the cle^ion of Lochcs. • Andr e, S r. a town of France, in Fo» rez, and m the eledion of Roanne • Andreas, St. a tov»n of France, in Bourdelois, and djocefe of Bourdeaux. An D R » z K, a town of Fj .ince, in the ge- nerality cf Tours, and elt<5>ion of Angieis. Andrew, St. a lown of Germany, in the circle of Ault.ia, aiH in the cti.hy oi Carini' ia, v -h a bifhojj's fee ; feated en the river Lr»vant, 40 miJes E. of Clagenfurt, and 95 S. by W. of Vienna. Lon. 15. 7 E. bt 46. 40. N. A N D R fc \v 's, S t . a town of Scotland, in. the coimty oi Fife, with an (imverliiyj foi- inerly the metropolis jf Scotland, ant! the fee of an archhifhop, but the cathedral cliurch is now in ruins. It is feated in a plain, which has a profpe£l of the German Ocean. T!.e univerfity confifl* of three colleges, the Old College, St. Leonard's, and (he New Colk-ge. The houfes, though built of Hone, are gone to decay, there be- ini; no manufaflures here to fupport tlie numerous inhabitants ; nor is the harbour in a very good condition, though there, parted an aft of parliament in 17 sS, to re- pair it. It is 30 miles N. E. 01 Edinburgh, and 46 E. N.E. of Stirling, Lon. ».25.W. lat. 56. 18. N. A N DR I A , a town of Italy, in the king- do.m of Naples, and territory of Bari, with a bifhop's fee, and the title of a duchv. It is feated in a plain, four miles S. of Barnetta. Lon. 17. 4. £. lar. 41. 15. N. Andros, an ifl-ind, and town of Tu'ky, in Europe, in the Arclilpelago. The inha- bitants are of the Greek church, and have a bifhop, and feveral monarteries. The pi i..cipal riches of this idand confil^ in filks, and the fiel.isare very p!e.»fant and fertile, being planted with orange;, tiiions, mul- berriis.jojubs, pomegranates, and figs. It lies to the N. of Candia, and to the S. E. cf Negropont. Lon. 1 5. 30. E. lac. 37. 50. N. ANDuxAR,a confidtrable town ofSpiin, in Andaiulia, def;.nded by a flrong ca.^le. A N G Its ttrritory abounds in corn, wine, oil, honey, and all forts of fruits and game. It is feated on the Guadalquivir, 25 miles E. ofCorduba. |-on 4. 2. W. lat. 37. 45. N. Anduze, a town of France in Langue- doc, feated on the river Gardon. It carries OB a confiderable trade in ferges and wool- len cloth, and is 2 5 miles N. of Montpellier, and 20 N. W. of Nifmes. Lon. 3. 42. E. lat. 43. 39. N. Anicada, one of the Caribbee Iflands in Amerifta. Lon. 63. 5. W. lat. 18. * ANBT.a large and handfome palace in the ifle of France, near the river Eure, built by Henry II. It is 40 miles W. of Paris, and belongs to the duchefs of Maine. Angelo, St. a fmall but ftrong town of ltaly,intheCapitanata, five miles N. of M anfrcdonia, and two from the fea. There are feveral other towns and caHles of the fame name in Italy, and particularly the caftle of St Angelo at Rome. Lor. 15. 56. £. lat. 41. 43. K. ANGEL08,a populous, and trading town of N. America, in Mexico, with a biihop's fee. The air is excellent, and the land abounds in corn. It is 62 miles S. E. of Mexico. Lon. 103. 12. W. lat. 19. 30. N. Angerap, a river in the kingdom of Pruflia, which uniting witti the Infter, near Infterburg, forms the navigAbie river Pregel. Angerburc, a handfome town in the kingdon of Pruflia, furrounded with palH- fades, defended by a Arong caftle, and feat* ed on a lake of the fame name, from whence the river Angerac rifss. Anger MAN I A, a province of the king- dom of Sweden, bounded on the N. by Lapland and Bothnia, on the E. by the gulph of Bothnia and Medelpadin, and on the W. by Jemti and Herndel. It is full of recks, mounuins, and foreHs ; and there is one very high mountain called Scull. It has excellent iron-works, and lakes abounding with fi(h. Anger M ANSI AND, a province of Lap- land, belonging to Sweden, lying on the river Angermania. Angkrmonp, a town of the duchy of Berg, in Germany, on the E. fide of the Rhine, 19 miles N. of Duirddorp, fubjeft to the Ele(5>or Palatine. Lon. 6. 20, E. lat. 51. 10. N. Angfrs, a large town of France, and capital of the duchy of Anjou, with a bifhop's fee, an univei Tity, and an academy of Belles Lettres,ellab1ifhed in 16S5. Part of this town (lands pleafantly on the fide vf a hill, and the re{\ in a pl.Vm, through A N G which tlie river Maine runs. It contatnt about 9000 houfes, and 30,000 inhabitants. Befides the cathedral, which is an elegant ftruflure, there aie 16 parifh, and 8 colle- giate churches, with a great number of convents. It is furrounded with a wall, and antique fortifications, and defended by a caftle Handing on a fieep rock. It is feated near the confluence of the rivers Loire and Sarte, 42 miles £. of Nantes, and 160 S. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 30. W. lat, 47. a8. N. Anghiera, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Milan, and capital of a county of the fame name. It is feated on the Eafterrt fide of the Lake Maggiore, 30 miles N.W. of Milan. Lon. 9. 5. E. lat. 45. 42. N. Ang L A R s,a town of France, in Auvergne, in the generality of Riom, and the election of St. Flour. • Angle, a town of France, in Poitou, on the river Anglin, with a rich abbey, as^ miles from Poitiers. •Angles, a town of France, in Lan- guedoc, and in the diocefe of Caftres, feated on a mountain near the river Agut. Anglesev, theifle of, is the moft wef- tern county of North Wales. Ic is 24 miles in length, 14 in breadth, and fends one member to parliament. It is feparated from the continent by the river Meni, which dividesit from Carnarvonlhire, and on every other fide furrounded by the fea. It is a fertile fpot, and abounds in corn, cattle, flerti, fifli, and fowls, with very good mill- ftonei and grind-ftones. The chief town is Beaumaris. Near Kemlyn harbour is a quarry of Hone, called albettos, which is a beautiful marble, out of which may be got the linum afbeninum, called here filaman- der's wool,a fub/tance like flax,and will bear a common fi'e : and not far from this is a yellow fulphureous copper-ore, which has never been worked. At Llahbadiig, about three miles eadward from hence, is a great body, or vein of ftony-oker, of various co- lours, as red, yellow, blue j and an extreme- ly fine white-clay, of the cimolia kind, of great fervice to painters, potters, and Hone- cutters. Angol, a town of South America, in the province of Chili, 125 miles N. of Bal- divia. Lon. 78. 20. W. lat. 38. 10. S, Angola, a kingdom of Africa, between the rivers Dande and Coanza, in Congo. This country produces Indian com, beans, oranges, lemons, and feveral other fruits. T)ie inhabitants are very lazy, and general- ly idolaters, taking as many wives as they think fit. The country is divided among feveral petty princes, and tli Portuguefe have t:..iM • It contains 00 inhabitants. 1 is an elegant I, and 8 coUe- >t number of with a wall, d defended by > rock. It is of the rivers >f Nantes, and J. 30. W. lat. Italy, in the of a county of on the Eafterii > miles N. W. It. 45. 41. N. ,in Auvergne, d the elediion ice, in Poitou, ch abbey, zt, ance, in Lan- laftres, feated Agut. the moft wef- es, Ic is 24 h, and fends [t is feparated ' Meni, which and on every ea. It is a corn, cattle, good mill- chief town larbour is a which is a may be got ere f jlaman- md will bear om this is a which has diig, about , is a great various co- n extreme- kind, of and itone- la imerica, in N. of Bal- 38. 10. S, a, between in Congo, •m, beans, lier fruits, id gencral- 'es as they ed among 'ortuguefe have I A N G have feveral colonies and fettlements on the coal). However, the Engliih and Dutch traffic with the natives, and purchat'e a great number of (laves. Thefe are the mod lazy and ungovernable of any on the coafl of Guinea } becaufe they are generally brought frono inland countries, where they have not the lead knowledge of the red of the world. They go almoft naked, and are very fond of dog's fielh, though they have plenty of other proviflons. All the males are circum- ciTed ; but for what reafon they cannot tell. Angovlesmb, a town of France, and ca^iial of the duchy of Angoumois, will) a bilhop's fee. It (lands on a mountain, fur- rounded with rokks ; the river Charaote runs at the foot of it. It is so miles W. of Li- moges, and 450 S. by W. of Paris. Lon. u. 10. £. lat. 45. 39. N. Angoumois. a province of France, bounded on (he N. by Poitou, on the E. by Limoufm, and La March, on the S. by Peri- gord, and on the W. by Saintonge. Angoura, or Angora, a town of Turky in Afia, formerly called Ancyra. Ir is a Greek archbifhop's fee, and remarkable for the remains of antiquity* There is no- thing to be feen in the ftreets but pieces of pillars and old marble ; among wliich is a fpecies of reddiih porp'iyry mari.ed with white, and red and wliite jafpcr, with large fpots. Though the houfes at prefent are all of clay, yet there are a great many pieceb of very fine marble mixed among it, as well as in the walla of the town, wliich are low. The ca(\le has a triple enclofure, and tlie walls are of white marble, and ftone rcfembling pophyry. Here they breed the nneft goats in the world, and the hair is of a fine white. almo(\ like fiik, which they work into the fineft ftuffs, particularly cambleis. It is 212 miles S. E. of Con- ftantinople. Lon. 3a. 5. E, lat. 39. 30. N, A NCR A, a fea port town of theifland of Tercera, of which it is capital, with a bi- Ihop's fee, and fubjeft to Portugal. It is oneof the Azores, or Weft;rninands, lying in the Atlantic Ocean. Lon. 48. 5. W. iat. 39. 10. N. * Angrie, a town of Anjou, in the generality of Tours, and eleflion of An- glers, in France. Angrogna, a town of Piedmont, be- longing to the king of Sardinia, feven miles W. of Pignerol. Lon. 7. 2. E. Iat. 48. 4». N. Anguilla, oneof the Caribbee iflands, inAmerica, loomilesN.ofSt.Chriftopher's, and fubjeA to Great Britain. * AMGuuLAaA»afnulUowrnoflMly, ANN lin the Patrimony of St. Peter, 15 milei N, W, of Rome. Angus, a fliire of Scotland, having Merns on the N. the German Ocean on the E the Frith of Tay, which divides it from the Ihire of Fife, on the S. and the (hires of Peith and Goury on the W. It has many lakes and hills, but it is fruitful in corn and paliures. An HALT, a principality of Germany, in (he circle of Upper Saxony, about 42 miles in length, and eight in breadth. It is bounded on the S by the county of Mans- field, on the W. by the duchy Of Halber- rtadr, on the E. by the duchy of Saxony, and on the N. by the duchy of Magdeburg, It abounds in corn, and is watered by the Salde and Mulda { its principal trade is in beer. Anhat.t, an iiland of Denmark, in N. Jutland, lyipR; in the Categut, eight milet from the coall of Jutland, 10 from .*>eeland, or Zeeland, and feven from Holland. It it dangerous for Teamen, for which reafon theie i« a light-houfe. AwiAN, a ftraight fuppofed to lie be- tween the N. E. ef Afia, and N. W. of America } but at prefent we are better in- formed. An I A N, a country lying on the E. coaft of Africa, near the Red Sea, of which we have very little knowledge. * Amank, a town of France, in Lower Languedoc, at the foot of the mountains, near the river Arre, with a 6enedid>ine abbey. Lon. 3. 48. £. Iat. 43. 45. N. ANJT.NG0, a fmall town andfaifVory on the coafl of Malabar, in the peninfula on this fide the Ganges, belonging to the Eaft India company. Their merchandize con-' fiQs cliiefiy in pepper and callicoes. Lon. 76. I.E. lat. 7. o. N. Anjou, a province and duchy of France, about 75 miles in length, and 30 in breadth. It is bounded on the N. by Maine, on (be W. by Bretagne, on the S. by Poitou, and on the E. by Tonraine. The country is very pleafanr, and fertile in wine, corn, pulfc, and fruit. Its quarries of (late a:e the bc;l\ in the kingdom. It formerly be- longed to Henry II by inheritance. Anjuan. See Johanna. Anna, a town of Turky, in A(ia, feated on the wedern bank of the river Euphrates, and the pleafanted place in all thefe parts, there being plenty of olives, orange8,citrons, lemons, pomeg'anates, and ilates. The fields are fown with cotton j and the corn grows extremely high. The town is divid- ed into two parts, the largeft of which is furrounded with old walls, and the houfes £ a are A N S •re built with brick and Aone, with (gardens belonging thereto. It is i6o miles N. VV. of Dagdad, and i jo S. by W. of Mouflfol. Lon. 41- 35. E. lat. 33. 30. N. ANNAMAB0B,an Englid^ fa£lory on the Cold coaft of Guinea, in Afiica. The fort is very neat and compaft, and they carry on a confiderable trad^ in gold and flaves ; t ey have alfo a grot deal 'jl cum, and their paint-wine is excellent. An N AND, ti\e capital, flnd a psrliament- townoftheftiire of Annandale, in Scotland. It flands in a fertile country, about three miles N of Solway Frith, and 70 S. of Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 2. W. lat. 54,. 56. N. Ann A NO, a Drong fort of Italy, in the duchy of Milan. It has been twice taken by the French ; but was reOored to the du ke of Savoy in 1 706. It is feated on the river Tanaro, ii miles S. of Cafal, Lon. 8. 30. E. lat. 44. 40. N. Annapolis, the capital of Maryland, in N. America, of which the late lord Bal- timore was the proprietor) itschiefproduce is tobacco. Lon. 78. 10. W. lat. 39. 15. N. Annapoi.18, the capital of Nova Scotia, or Acadia. Ii is a fortiHeH town, has a garrifon, and belongs to Great Britain. Lon. 64. 5. W. lat. 45. 10. N. Ann EC V, a town in the duchy of Savoy, in the territory of Geneva, feated on the river Siar, and on a lake of the fame name, about 10 miles long, and four broad, 70 miles S. of Geneva, and 22 N. E. of Cham- berry ; fubje£t to the kin^ of Sardinia. Lcn. 6. 12 E. lar 4;. 53. N. * Annobona, an ifland of Afica, on the coaft of Guinea, fo called, becaufeic was found out on New-year's day» It is well Aocked with cattle and fruit, and the air is more healthful than in other idands on the fame coaft. It abounds wi h palm-trees, cocoas, oranges, lemons, bananas, and fc* veral oti er fruits ; alfo with hogs, goat«, fheep, and chickens, which are all extreme- ly cheap. The inhabitants are moflly black, and of villainous difpofitions ; and the wo- men are all common whores, as the Tailors find to their coft } and yet moft of them very ugly. The governor is a Poriuguefe. Lon. 5. 10. £. lat. i. 50. S. * ANNONAV.a town of France, in the Upper Vivarais, feated on the river Dueni e, ai miles S. W. of Vienne. Lon, 4. 52. E. lat, 45. I 5. N, ANo-CAPRr, the largeft town in the iflrind of Capri, belonging to the kingdom of Nap!e3, and it lies on the Weft fid? of the iflmd. * 4ns E, an ancient town of France, in the Lionois, 10 miles W. of Trevoux, and ANT 25 S. of Macon. Lon. 4. 50. E. lat. 45. SS.N. * Ansico, a kingdom of Africa, under the line, abounding with two forts of fan- dal wood. The inhabitants are vigorous and courageous, and have been accounted men-eiters. Some have faid, that they had public markets for human- flelh ; but this is fo far from being true, th»t it may be doubted whether there are any men- eaters in the world or not. They are faid to ndoie the fun and moon, and a g'vat rum- ber of idols. ANsro, a fea-port town of Norway, in 1 the province of Aggerhuys, wi;h a bifliop's fee. The fupreme court of juf\ice is held here (or Norway. It is feated on a bay of the fame name, 30 miles N. W. of Frede- [ickftadt. Lon. 10. 14. E. lat. 59. 14. N. Anspach, a town and caftle of Ger> many, in Francoma, and capital of the mar- quif.ite of the fame name. It belongs to the houfe of Brandenburgh, an4 is a very handfome place. The palace, which is ntar the caftle, has a remarkable cabinet of curiofities. It is feated on a river of the fame name, 27 miles S. W. of Nuremberg, and JO S. by W. of Bamberg. Lon. 10. 42. E. lat. 49. 14. N. Anstruthck, a parliament town of Scotland, on the S. E. coaft of the fliire of Fife, 25 miles N. E. of Edinbuigh. Lon. 2. 24. W. lat. 46. i;. N. Ante, a river of France, in the govern- ment of Normandy ; it rifes beyond Falaife, and, after a courfe of four miles, falls into the Vire. A N T E G o, one of the Caribbee iflands in America, xo miles in length, and about as many in breadth. The inhabitants me in great want of water, and are obliged to fave the r,«in-water in cifierns, and to fetch it from other iflands. However, it is now faid, they have lately difcovered fprings. The chief produce is fugar. It is 60 miles E. of St. Chriftopher''s, and 40 N. of Gua- dalupe. Lon. 62. 5, W. lat. 17. 30. N. AMTEQ.UIERA, a handfome town of Spain, in the kingdom of Granada, divided into two parts, the Upper and the Lower. The Upper is feated on a hill, and has a caOle : the Lower ftands in a fertile plain, and i.> watered with a great number of brooks. There is a large quantity of fait in the mountain ; and five miles from the town, a fp'ing famous for the cure of the gravel. It is 30 miles N. of Malaga, and 58 N. W. of Ainenucar. Lon. 4. 40. W. lat. 36. 51. N. ANTE(i.uiE,'« A, a 'own of America, in New-Spain, and in the piovinceof Guaxa- / qua. .if 50. E. lat. 4j. if Africa, under 'o forts of fan- 's arc vigorous been accounted I, thai they had lev red fprings. is 60 miles N. ofGua- 7. 30- N. town of da, divided he Lower, and has a Ttile plain, lumber of y of fait in from the ure of the laga, and .. 40. W. lerica, in f Guaxa* qua. ■.};■ i ANT qua, 7; miles S. E. ofCuaxaqua. Antibcs, a fea-port townof I'rovrnce, in France, with a rtrong callle. Its terri- tory producesexcellent fruit J and it flaniii oppofite to Nice, on the Mediteranean, 9 miles W. of Nice, and 10 S. E. of Gralfe. Lon. 7. 5. E lat. 43. 35. N. ANricosTr, a barren iflanri lying in the mouth of the river St. Laurence, in North America. Lon. 64, 16. W. lat. from 49 to 52. N. * Antic NE, a town of France, in the generality of E'oitiers, and eleflion of Fon- tenay. • Antionv, a town of France, in the generality of Bourgies. ANTit LIS, the name which the French give to the Carribee IHands, in America. They were difcovered by ChriHoplier Co- lumbus, in 149Z. See Carribb ers. Ant 10, a promontory of Italy, in St. Peter's Patrimony, near which is an har- bour, lately made. It takes its name from (he ancient city Antiuni.whofe ruins extend over a long tra^ of land. Antioch, now Anthakia, an an- cient and celebrated town of Syria, in Afia, of which it was formerly the capital ; but is now almoft come to nothing: however, the magnificent ruins of it Aill remain. It is feated on the rjvsr Oronies, now called Affi, 15 miles E. of the Nfediterranean, and 40 S. W. of Aleppo. Lon. 37. 5. E. lat. 36. 20. N. • Antiochetta, a town of Turky, in Afia, in Carimania, with a biftiop's fee, over-againft the ifland of Cyprus. Lon. 32. 15. E. lat. 36. 42. N. Antiparo?, an ifland of the Archipe- lago, over againd Paros, from winch it is five miles diftant. In this ifland is a won- derful grotto, by which fonie that have vifited it, pretend to prove the vegetation of rtones. Anfivart, artrong town of Turky, in Europe, in.Ddlmatia, a Greek archbishop's fee, and fuhjeft to the Turks. It is lo miks N. of Dulcigno. Lon. 29. 15. E. lat. 43. o. N. Antiventr tA, a fubdivifion of Terra Firma, in South America, lying to the S.of Carthagena. *Anto;ns, a town of France, in Daupliiny, in the 'liocefe of Vienne, with a celebrafed abbey. It is feated ainong the mount.Tins, 13 r liles E. of Lyons. Lon. 5. 20. E. lat. 45 43. N. * Anton Gil, a large bay in the ifland of Madagafcar, which is veiy fafe for fliips to ride in, and tlie land about it is re.nark-, ably fruitful. ANT * Antoniv, St. a town of France, in Rouergue, in the diocefe ofRhudez, whofe fortihcations are demoliflied. It it feated on the liver .weirou. Lon. o. 5;. E. lat. 44. 10. N. Antonio, St. one of the Cape de Verl iflan'fs, on the wertern coaftsof Afiica, 15 miles from St. Vincent. It is full of high mountains, from whence proceed flreams of excellent water, which rrnder the land very fruitful. The principal town is feated among the mountains, and there are aifs fome villages. Lon. o. 26. E. lat. 18. 10. N. Antrain, a town of France, in Upper Oritaiinv, feated on the river Coefnon, on the confintfs of Noimandy, 15 miles S. of Avranche, and 20 W. of Rennes. Lon. x. j6. W. la'. 48. 22. N. Antrim, a county of Ireland, in the province of Ulfter, bounded on the E. bf St. George's Channel, on the W. by Lon- doncleiry, on t^:e N. by the ocean, and on the S. E. by the county of Down. It is 46 miles in length, and 28 in breadth, and is pretty fruitful: it contains 18,014 houfes, 56 pari(hes, eight baronies, and five boroughs; and fends ten members to par- liament, two for the county, two for Lif- burn, two for Belfaft, and two for Antrim. Antrim, the capital town of the countjr of Antrim, in Ireland, feated at theN. end of the lake Lough-Neagh. It is but a poor place, 13 miles W. of Carrickfergus. Lon. 6. 26. W. lat. 54. 45. N. It fends two membeis to parliament, Antwerp, a large handfome town of the duchy of Rrahanr, and capital of the marquifate of the fame name, with a bifhop's fee, and a Hrong regular citadel. About 200 years ago it was the greateft place for trade in Europe ; but now removed to Am- flerdam. It is in the (hape cf a bow, and the river reprefents the Aring. The har- bour is very handfome and connmodious, the water being 22 feet deep, and 400 yards wide ; fo thai large veflels may come up to the key, and by the canals they may be brought to the doors of x>^e houfes. The public buildings are very beautiful, and are at lead 200 in number. The cathedral is a fine Aructure, and the town houfe is thought to be as handfome as any in the world. The ftreets aie very large and re- gular, and the citadel is eAeemed one of the t>rongeft fortreii'es in the Low Countries. It was taken by the prince of Parma in I 58 <;, and furrendered to the duke of Marl- borough, after the battle of Ramillies. It was taken by the French in 1745 ; hut re- Aortdio the houfe of Auftiia. I: is feated on APE en the river Schcid, it miles N. of Bruflelx, writh VI hid) u communicates by a cinal, aa miltfi N. E. of Ghent, and 65 S. of Am- Aerdam. Lort. 4. 15. E. lat. 51. 12. N. * Anviis-lbb hamon, 1 town of France, in Anjou, and election of la Fleche. * Anweilbr, a town of France, in Lower Alfice, feated on the river Quicli, above Landau. * Anzerma, is a town and province of Popyan inS. America, where there are mines ot gold. The town is feated on the river Coca. Lon. 76. lo W. lat. 4. 58 N. A ou s T A , a town of Italy, in Piedmont and capital of a duchy of the fame name, a bifhop's fee, and fubjii) to the kin(; of Sardin'.a. It is reniurkahle for feveral monuments of the Romans, and for the birth of Anfelm, archbifhop of Canterbury. It is feated at the foot of the Alps, on the fiver Doria, 37 miles N. of Suza, 50 N. of Turin. Lon. 7. 33. £. lat. 45. 38 N. AousTA, a territory of Pi>:dmont, with the title of a ducliy. It is a valley 30 miles in length, and extends from the pafs of St. Martin's, near the fiontiers of Yvree, to St. Barnard. It abounds in paflures, and all forts of fruits j the capital is of the fame rame. ♦Apaiache, a river of North America, in Florida, which divides it into fix pro- vinces, that have each their own chief. The country is full of high mountains, whofu vallies are very fruitful. Thefe mountains are called by feme the Apalachian moun- tains ; but very improperly, for their true rame is Aligany, fo called from the liver of that name, ufually known by the tit'.e of the Ohio. Thefe mountains lie W. of the Britifh plantations, between 35 and 44 de- grees of lat. It it alfo very doubtful, whe- ther there is any river now known named Apalache, for it is not to be found in mo- dern maps. • Atamea, now called Ar am I a, not Hama, as fome travellers have thought, a town of Syria, in Afia, feated on the river AlTi, or Orontes, 20 miles N. by W. of Hamah, and 4; S. of Antioch. Lon. 38. 30. E. lat. 34. 5. N. Afanomia, a town of Santorin, an if- land in the Mediterranean Sea, called in this part by fome, the Sea of Candia j it has a fpacious harbour, in the form of a half- moon; but the bottom is fo deep, that (hips cannot anchor there. Lon. 25. 59 E. lat. 36. 18 N. Apennines, a chain of mountains which divide Italy throughout its whole length, as far as the fouthern extremity of the kingdom of Naples. From hence proceed A P P all the brooks and rivers which water Italy* and render the land fruitful. * Ape N RAD B, a town of Denmaik, in Slefwick, or South Jutland, with a citaciel. It has been plundered feveral times, and it feated at the bottom of a gulph of the Bal- tick Sea, 25 miles N. of SUfwick. Lon. 9. 28. E. lat. 55. 4. N. Apenzel, a town of SwifTerland, and the capital of the canton of ihe fame name, wliich is divided into twelve communities j fix called the interior, arc Roman Cathol.cs, and ttie fix exterior are proteflants. It is 10 miles S. E. of St. Gall, three N. ofCoire, and 40 E. of Zmick Lon. 9. i. E. lat. 47. 31. N. * ArmoM Karahissart, a town of Natolia, in Afiatick Turky ; it is called A- phiuni, becauft it products a great deal of opium, called apliiom, by the Turks. Lon. 37. 18. E. lar. 38. 35. N. * Apte Villi, a town of France, in Normandy, and in the generality of Rouen. A r p F. K s H R r. N, a little village of Germa- ny, in the circle of Swabia, feated on the river Keyfell, at tlie coiner of a wood, be- fore which the right wing of the confederate army encamped the night befota the battle of Hochftet. Lon. 10. 46. E. lat. 48. 56. N. Api'l by the county town of Wefl- morcland, with a good corn market on Mondays, and ihree lairs, on Wliitfun-Eve, for horned cattle; on Whit-Monday, for linen cloth and merchandize ; and on Augull 10, for hcrfcs, fheep, and linen cloth. It is gone greatly to decay fiom what it was, it being only one broad ftieet of mean houfes ; however, it f^ ill keeps the aflTizes and feffions, and at the Opper part is the cai^le. The church fta.iusat the lower end of the town, and has lately been repaired j and they havelikewireerededa tewn-houfe. It is ten miles E. by S. of Penrith, and 280 N. N. W of London. Lon. 3. 25. W. lat. 54. 30 N. It is feated on the river Eden, by which it is almof\ furrounded, and fends two members to parliament. Avpi E DOR E, a town of Kent, feated on the river Rother, not far from its influx in- to the fea. It had a fmall marker, and there is Hill a fair on June 22, for cattle .ind pedlar's ware. It is four miles N. of Rye. Lon.o. 54. E. lat. ;o. 45. N. * Apple SHAW, a village in Hampfhire, four miles W. of Andover, that ha^ two fairs, on May 23, and November 5, for (heep. * Appi.kterwick, a village in the W. riding of Yorkfliire, five miles N. of Skip- ton, with a fair on October 2, foi cattle and horfes. ♦ Ap»e- h water Iraly, Denmark, in vith a citac:el. times, and ti >U of the BaU I'ick. Lon. 9. nVrland, and e fame name, :ommunities j )an Catliolics, ftants. It is sN.ofCoirc, I. E. lat. 47. r, a town of t is called A- great deal of Turks. Lon. )f France, in ty of Rouen, geof Gernia- eated on the a wood, be* ; confederate )is the battle t. 48. 56.N. vn of Weft- I market on /liitfun-Eve, londay, for don Augurt cloth, le hat it was, t of mean the affixes part is the lower end In repaired j wn-houfe. |h, and a 80 5. W. lat. jiver Eden, and fends Tea ted on rnf^ux in* |iker, and for cattle lilesN. of N. |ampfhire, hasi two if 5, for in the W. of Skip. |foi cattle Apre. A R A • Apremont,* town of France, in Poi- ton, and in tlie (generality of t'oitiers. Lon. I. ^8 W. lat. 46 45. N. Apte, an ancient town of France, in Provencf, with a biihop's fte. Theie are many fine Roman antiquities, and it is feared on the liver Caiaron, 30 miks N. of Aix, and 2; S. E. of Orange. Lon. 5. 36. £. bt, 43. 50. N Apulia, the E. fide of the kingdom of Naples, along the giilph of Venic*. It is divided into three tenitoriet, whofe modern names are tiie Capitanata, Terra de Oari, and Otranto. ApuRiMA,orApoRAMAC, a very ra- pid river of S. America, in Furu, 30 miles from the river Abanz.ii. Aqu a-Negr A, a finall town of Iraly in the Mantuan, feated on the river Chief.i, II miles W. of Mantua, and eight E. of Ulliano. Lon. 14. i ;. E. lat. 45. 10. N. A Q.U I L A , a large and handfome town of Italy, in (he kingdom of Naples, and ca- pital of Abruzzo, with a bidiop's fee, and a (hong cadle. An earthquake happened herein 1700, by which 2400 perfons were killed, and 1500 hurt. It is feated on the fiver Pefcara, 35 miles from the fea, and ^t N. E. of Rome. Lon. 14. zo. £. lat. 41. 20. N. Ae name, 72 miles N. W. of C^jflTovia. Lon. 20. o. B. lac. 49. to. N. Arauco, a fortrefs and town of Chili, ARC In South America; fituated ii ore of the ftnelt vallics, on a liver of the fame name. The natives are fo brave, that ihey drove the Spaniards out of their country, though tliey had no fire arms. Lon. 51.20. W.lat. 42. 30. S. • AiAw, a town of Swiflirland, in Ar- Row, ftated on the tiver Aar. It is pretty Ir^ndfome, large, and rcinaikable for its church, its fountain, and theCeitility of the foil. It is eight miles N. E. of Arhurg, and 27 W. uf Zurick. Lon. 18. o. E. lat. 47. 25. N. Abaxks, or Aras, a river of* Afia, whirh rites in Georgia, and running S. E. falls into the river Kur, formerly Cyius. It inns quite a-crofs Armenia, and part of Per 11 a. • Arbi, an epifcopal town of the re- p'jSlick ol Venice, in an idand of the fame n.>nir, on the coalt of Dalmatia, from which it is but five miles dillant. A R BEL A, a town of Afia in CurdeHan, where Alexander fought the laft decifive battle with Darius. It is about 60 miles S. E. of Mould. Lon. 44. 5. £. lat. 35. 15. N. * ARBERr;, a town of SwiHTeildnd, in the canton of Bern, with a handfome caAle, where the bailiff refides. It is feated on the liver Aar, in a kind of iHand, ten miles N. W. of Bern, and 12 S. W. of Soleuer. Lon. 17. 1 5. E. lat. 47, o. M. A R B u I s, a fmall populous town of France, in the FrancheCompte, famous for its wines. It is 14 miles S. £, of Dole, and 22 S. W. cf Befanzon. Lon, 5. 40. E. lat. 46. 55. N. Arson, an ancient town in SwiiTerland, feated on the S. fide of the lake Conftance, in Tutgow, with a caAle built by the Ro- mans. It is under the bilhcp of Conflance; hut the Protellants have the free exercifeof ttieir religion, it is 12 miksS, E. of Con« i\.incc, and eight N. of St. Gall. Lon. 9. 30. E. lat. 47. 3S. N. * ARBURG.atown of SwiiTerland, in the canton of Pein, on the river Aar, It is , fm.ili, but very Arong, being feated on a roiU, and defended by a good fortrefs, cut out of the rock, 12 miles E of Soleure, 2Z S. of Bafa, and 30 W, of Zurick. Lon, 7. 55, E. lat, 47. 10. N. Arc, a liver cf Italy in the duchy of Sa- voy, arifing in the Morienne, and failing into the Icere : it is rapid, and full of caf • cades. Arcadia, a town of Greece, in t^^e Morea, mar the gulph of the fame name, and in the province of Belvedere, 27 miles N. cf Navarin, and 12 S. of Logganico. Lon 12,0. E, lat, 37. 24 N. Aac- I 3 i.i one of the he fame name. tliat i>iey drove ountry, though 51. 10. W.Ut. (r«riand, in Ar- r. It is pretty likable for iis :(eititity of the of Arhi)rg, ar)d i, o. £. lat. 47. river of Afia, running S. E. ormerly Cyrus. nia, and part of own of the re- }n<\ of the fame itia, from which ia in Curdeflan, the lafl decifive about 60 miles [,. 5. £. lat. 35. Swinfeilnnd, in handfumecaAle, It is feated on idand, ten miles W. of Soleucr. N. I town of France, >us for its wines, and 22 S. W. lat. 46. 55. N. in SwilTerland, ake Conftance, 3uil( by the Ro- of Conflance; free exercife of sS. E. of Con- Gall. Lon. 9. MfTsirland, in the iver Aar. It is iing feated on a od fortrefs, cut of Soleure, az lurick. Lon, 7. the duchy of Sa- me, and fallin;^ and full of cuf • Greece, in t^ie he fame name, i^edere, 27 miles of Logganico. Arc- A R D * AaC'tM-BAiBOis, a town of Bur- gundy in France, feated on the river Anjou, 35 miles N. of Dijon, and 13 N. W. of Langres. Lon. 5. 7. E. lat. 47. s;. N. * A R c I s , a town of France, in the gene- rality of Rochelle, and e!e£)ion of Saintes. Arccuil, a village of France, three miles S. of Paris, rcmatkable for an aque- du6l, which is thought by fome to equal the works of the ancient Romans. It was built and finifhed in 1624, by tne order of Mary deMedicis*. its water is diflributed into the different parts of Paris. Archangcl, a noted fea-port town of N. RufTia, and capital of the province of Dwina. It was the only fea-port town of RufTia for many years, and was drd reforted to by the Englifh in 1 S53> The trade is greatly diminifhed iince the building of Peterfburg, to which the fhips fail through the Baltick Sea. It is feated on the river Dwina, four miles from the White Sea, 300 miles N. of Mofcow, and 400 N. E. of Peterfburg. Lon, 40. 11. E. lat. 64. 26. N. Archangkicorod, one of the govern- ments ofRuflia, in Europe, containing a part of Lapland, and the ancient kingdom of Holmogard. * Archipilaco, a confiderable part of the Mediterranean Sea, having Romania on the N. Natolia on the E. Macedonia, Livadia, and the Morea on the W. and the Ide of Candia on the S. It is partly in Europe, and partly in Afla, containing 45 principal idands. * Arcis-sur-Acbb, a fmall handfome town of France, in Champagne, feated on the river Aube, 15 miles :;. of Troyes, and ao S. E.of Sefanne. Lon. 4. 15 £. lat. 48. 30. N. Arco, a flrong town and cadle in the Trentin, belonging to the hdufeof Aurtria. It was taken by the French in 1703, and abandoned foon after. It ftands on the river Sarca, near the N. extremity of the lake Garda, 15 miles S. W. of Trent, and 20 N. W. of Veronne. Lon. 9. 55. E. lat. 45. 5a. N. * Arcos, a flrong town of Spain, in Andalufia, with the title of a duchy; feated on a craggy rock, at the foot of which runs the river Guadaleto, 25 miles N. of Cadiz. Lon. 2. 10, W. lat. 36. 40. N. Arcy, a town of France, in Burgundy, in the Auxcrrois, where thereisa magazine of.falt. ARDEBit.alargetown^of Aria,inPerfi.i, and in Ardirbei-Zan. It is one of the mort famous and ancient towns in PerjTia, having been the refidenceand burial of many kintis ; efpecially Shiek-Scffi the author of the Per- A R E flan SeA. Pilgrims refort to thli place from all parts of PeiTta. It is 25 miles E. of Taurii, and 162 N. by W. of Cafbin. Lon* 47. 30. E. lat, 37. SS- N- Ardenburg, a town of the Nethrr- lands, in Dutch Flanders, and formerly the moA confiHerable in that country ; but has been difmantled by the Dutch. It is ten miles N. £, of Bruges. Lon. 3. 30 E. lat* 51. 16. N. Ardennc, a famous fored, lying on the river Meufe, extending, in Cxfar's time, far into Germany. What remains of it at prefent lies between Thinnville, in Lux':m> bnurg, and the city of Liege. Ardf.r, or Ardra, a fmall territory, or kingdom of Africa, in Guinea, properly fo called. It lies at the bottom of the gulph of St. Thomas, and has a town called Ar- dres, fuppofed to be the capital. The in- habitants are very licen ious, and have neither temple, nor any place for religious wor(hip.However,they are very courageous, and tiieiV king w,-js abfolute, till about fevcn years ago, the king of Daliome made war upon this and the neithbouring terri- tories, brought tliem under fubjeftion, and burnt the towns, particulatly Ardres. The air is very unwholfome to Europeans ; yet the natives live to a great age ; but the fmall- pox makes great de(lrud>ion among them. This country is fertile in Indian corn, palm- wine, plants, and fruits, which hfl all the year ; and they make a great deal of fait. Lon. 3. 5. E. lat. 5. o. N ARDEs,a town of France, in Lower Au- vergne, and the chief place in the duchy of Mercoeur. It is tiie f\aple of trade between Upper and Lower Auvergne, and lies 15 miles N. W. of Brioude, and 2a S. of Cler- mont. Lon. 3. 10. E. lar. 45. 22. N. * Ardin, a town of Fiance, inPoitou, in the generality of Poitiers, and the eleftion of Niort. Ar DINGLE y, a village in SufTcx, five miles N. W. of Eafl Grinftead, with a fair on May 30, for pedlar's ware. Ardres, a fmall, but ftrong town of France, in Lower Picardy. Here was an interview between Francis I and Henry VIII. king of England, in 1510. It is feated in the midft of a morafs, eight miles S. of Calais, and ten S. W. of G.avelines. Lon. 2. o. E. ht. 50. 35. N. Arebalillo, a river of Old CaAiie, in Spain, that fails into the Douro. Arebo, or Arebon, a town on the Slave coaft of Guinea, in Africa, feated at the moutli of the river Formofo. The Eog- lifh hid once a faory there, as the Dutch have itill. It ii a 'age oblong place, in- F differently I ARC differently well furniihed with houfes ind people. Lon. 5. 5. E. Ut. 5. o. N, * AmKBA, a rea>port town of the Red Sea, 5$ miles from Suaquem. It i» large and well fortified, and at the entrance of . the port ii an iHand of about zoo paces in diameter. Arbmbirc, a town of Germany, in the circle of WeHphalia, and capital of a county of the fame name. It is feated on .the river Ahr, as miles S. of Cologn, and 35 W. of Coblentz, Lon. 7. 3. E. lat. 50. 17. N. * Arinsbbrg, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weflphaiia ; featsd en a hill in the county of the fame name, by the rivet Roer, ^o miles N. E. of Cologn, and 37 S. W. of PadciLorn. Lon. 8. zo. E. lat. 51. asN. *AaRNSBURr., an epifcnpal and fea- port to wn of .S w eden, in Livonia, in the iHe of Oefel, on the Baltick Sea. Lon. it. 40. E. Int. 58. 15. N. * Arbnshard, a traAof Denmark, in the duchy of Slefwick,containing the greateA part of the famous rampart, built by the Danifh king Gotric, in the beginning of the 9th century, as a defence againfl the ir- luptions of the Saxons and Slavi; It ex- tends acrofs ttie country, about eight or nine miles in length. * Arinswaldk, a town of Germany, in the New Marche of Brandenburg, feated on the lake Slauin, on the frontiers of Po- nierania. Lon, 15. 52. E. lat. 53. 13. N. Ar ■(},(; IP A, an epifcopal town of South America, in Peru. The air is very temperate, and the beA in the country. Near it there is A dreadful volcano { and it is feated on a river, in a very fertile country, 290 miles S. by E. of Lima. Lon. 73. 3. W. iat. 16. 40. S. Arbzzo, an ancient epifcopal town of Italy, in Tufcany, in the territory of Florence?. Guyarifen, aBenedi^ine monk, was born heiein the nth century, the in- ventor of the mufical notes, as ur, re, mi, and fo fortS. It is fca'ed on a mountain, i 5 miles W. of Citta-di-Caflello. Lon. tz. 2. E. lat, 43. 27. N. Arga, or EoA, a river of Spain, that runs through the kingdom of Navarre, and falls into t'lC Ebro. * Arc. ENCKs, a town of France, in Lower Normandy, on the river Meance, ten miles E. of Caen, and iz N. of Falaife. Lon. o. 10. VV. lat. 49. ii;.'N. Argens, » river of Fiance, in Pro- vence, whic'i has its fource in ihe marquifate of O iircs, ^nd uUd into the Mcdilerrancan, near Prcjus. r , A R G Arobmta, one of the principal rive''i..'>f Albania, a province of Turky. * Argcntac, a town of France, in the Limoftn, on the river Dordogne, 1 5 miles S. E. of Tulles, and 25 N. W, of Aurillac. Lon. 1. 3, E, lat. 45 j. N. * AacBNTAN, a town of France, in Lower Normandy, and in the dioccfe of Seez, \yith the title of a marquifate. It i« feated on an eminence, in the middle of • fcnile plain, on the banks of the river Oine, and carries on a considerable trade. It is 11 miles N. W. of Scec, and 1 10 W. of Paris. Lon. o. 5. E, lat. 48. S4>N> * Argkntiuil, a town of the ifle of France, feated on the river Seine, five milea N. W. of Paris, and iz S. E.of Pontoife. It is a very beautiful place, with a fine vine- yard. In the Bentdidtine priory, they pre- tend to have the fcamlefs coat of Chi ift; in the environs they have quarries of the plainer of Paris. Lon. a. zS. E. Ut. 48. 53. N. Arcentbvii., a town of France, in Champagne, near the river Armancon, eight miles S. of Tonnarrc, eight N. E, of Noyers, and five N. W. of Reviere, Argkntii^ra, an idand of the Archi- pelago, near that of Milo, Its name is taken from the filver mines in it. The ifland is barren, and they have no water, but what is kept in cifterns. The inhabit- ants are Greeks, and very debauched, hav- ing little religion. There is but one village in the ifland. Lon. 33. 10. E. lat. 36. SO. N. * Arcentiere, a town of France, in Languedoc, in t!ie Vivarais, five miles S. W. of /iubenas, and 17 W. of Viviers. Lon. 4. 15. E. lat. 44. 30. N. A R GEN TON, a town and county of France, in the duchy of Berry, divided in- to two by the river Creufe. Lewis XIV. demolifhed the caAle. It is 37 miles S. W. of Bourges, and 6z S. E. of Poitieri. Lon. I. 38. E, lat. 40. 30. N. Akconnb, a territory of France, be- tween the rivers Meufe, Marne, and Aine. St. Menihould is the capital. Arcos:, a fea-port town of Turky, in Europe, in the illand of Morea, feated on a bay of Napoli de Romania, 25 miles S. of Corinth. Lon. 23. 5. E. Iat. 37. 30. N. •Ariostoii, a fea-port town of the iHe of Cephalonia, overagainft Albania ; it is the beft harbour in all the ifland, and the proveditor reHdes in the fortrefs, which is fiv* ipiies diflaint. * Arrow, a county of Swiflerhnd, ly- ing on the river Aar, from whence it derives its name. 1 rinclpal rlvci ^t jrky. >r France, in the dogne, 1 5 miles W. of Auhllac. I of France, In n the diocefe of larquifate. It it the middle of • ki of the river nAderable trade. ez, and no W. 48. 54. N. vn of the ifle of Seine, five milea . E.of Fontoire. with a fine vine« »riory, they prc- coat of Chi if)} quarries of the t8. E. lat. 48. of France, in • krmancon, eight ^. E. ofNoyers, i of the Archi- • Its name is es in it, The lave no water. ' The inhabit- ebauched, hav- ft but one village D. £. lat. 36. :;, 1 of France, in i five miles S. of Viviera. |nd county of py, divided in- Lewis XIV. 17 miles S. W. I Poitiers. Lon. France, be- le, and Aine. )f Turky, in la, feated on a I5 miles S. of J7. 30. N. town of the Inft Albania ; le ifland, and ^rtrefs, which jflTerknd, ly- Ince it derives Alcvik» •jv A R I AmoiN, an inand of Africa, en tfie| wtdefo coa(» of Negroland, with a fort cf | ttic Came name. It wa« taken Sy tin: Du-ih t from the I'ortuguefc in ihr y?ar 1638, aKei- | W.1I di tlie French totk it It om t he Dutch, and kept ijojrenion of it ever fincc. It is 30 miles S. E.ofCape Blanco. Lon. 16. 30. W. lat. so. lo. N. Art. UN, a river of Tart.iry, in Afia, which divides the KufTian fruni the Chinefe | empire. Argun, a rtrong town of the Ruflian , empire, in EailTartary, on the frontiers of | the Chinefe empire. There aie mines of filver and lead near it ; and a peat I fifhcry | in the liver Atgun. Lon. 103. 56. E. lat. j 4s. 30. N. I Ahgymshirf, inScotlancI, is bounded by Lenox on the E. by the ocean on the W. by the lri(h Sea, and Frith of Clyde on the S. and by Locl( France, which has its fource in the FSrenean mounrains, and running by Foix aiv Pamiers, falls in- to the Garonne. Ther^. is gold duft found among its fands. ARM • Ar tro, a ftionf town of >rta, en j1i« welU-rn (OKt of t'le illai>d of Ceylnn. a' the mouth of the river Sarunda. It belonf;' to the Dutch, and to the E. -"* .. is a bankt where they fidt for peaiL. Lon. 80. x 5. (i* lat. 8 4t.N. Ark LOW, afc.ipor? town oi Ireland, n the county of Wick'ow, and province of Lcindcr, 13 miles S. of Wi.Ulovv. Lon. 6. I 5. W. lat. 'ji. 5S. N. Anr. r«, a large, handfome, and ancient town of France, in the government of Pro- vence J it is an archbilhop's fee, and has an academy, confiliing of 30 gentlemen. The country about it i% very pteafant, and produces good wine, vermilion, manna, oil, and fruits. There are a great number of antiquities, of which the amphitheatie, and nbehlk, ate the mofl remarkable. It is feated on the river Rhone, 37 miles W. of Aix,andi£S. E ofNifmes. Lon. 4. 48. t. I.it. 43. 40 N. • Arles, a town of France, in Rouf- fillon, I 5 miles from Pcrpjgnan, with a° Bcneditline abbey, and a famous tomb, in which it is prerended water enters miracu- loufly on certain days of the year. • Ari. iBHfM, a tiandfomc town of SwifTerland, m the bifhoprick of Bafil, or Baflc, where the canons of that city refide. • Arleuf, a vown of France, in the generality of Moulins, and eleiHion of Chateauchinon. Ar LEux, an ancienttown of theNether- lands, in C^mhrefis, with acaOle. It was taken by the French in 1645, and re'aken by the Allies in 1711 j but the French got pollViVion again the fame month. It is five miles S. of D )iiay, and ic8 N. of Paris. Lon. 3. 16. E. lat. ^o. 17. N. Ablon, an ancient town of the Nether- lands, formerly a ftong place; but now difmantled, and belongs to the houfe of Auftria. It is feated on a mountain, ten miles N. W. of Luxemburg, and 37 N. W. of Ment7. Lon. i 5. ;o. E. lat, 49. 45. N. Ar tvi A fiH, a county of Ireland, 31 miles in length, and 17 in breaflth ; bounded on the E. by Uown, on the W. by Tironne and Monaghan, on the N. by Lough Neagh, and on theS. by Louih. It contains 10,510 houfes, 49 parifhes, five baronies, and two boroughs, and fends fix members to parlia- ment, two for the county, two for Armagh, nnd two for Charlemont. Armagh, once a confiderable town, novi^ a fma'il village, but gives name to the county of Armagh, in the N. of Iieland. It is the fee of an a chb'ifliop, who is primate of all Ireland, and lies about 30 miles S. of Londonderry. Lon. 6. 38. W. Iat. 54 50. N. F 2 Armacnac, I A R N At MACK AC, a province of Guienne, in Franot, 55 miles in len^^th, aod 40 in breadth ; bounded on the £. by the river Garonne, on the S. by Bigone and Beam, on the W. by Gafcony, and on the N. by Condomois and Agenois ; Auch is the ca- |iital town. It is fertile in corn and wine, and carries on a confiderable trade in brandy, wool, and bon chretien peats, which are excelltnt. Armenia, a large country in Afia, bounded on the W. by the Euphrates, on iht S. by Diarbeker, CurdiA.in, and Aderbijan on the £. by Shirvan, and on the N. by Ceorgia. It is one of the mofl fertile and lineA countries in Afia, being watered by ieveral large rivers. It has had its own kings, but could not keep them long. Part of it belongs to (he Fetfians, and part to the Turks. The inhabitants are much ad di^ed to commerce, and undertake long journeys to c.irry it on. They are a fort ol ChriAiars, and have a patriarch and an archbifliop. Armentiers, a fmall handfome town of the Netherlands, in the county of Flan- ders, and dillridl of Ypres. It was taken by Lewis XIV. in 1667, who difmantled it, and it now belongs to the French. It is feated on the river Lis, eight miles N. W. of Lifle, and 35 S. W. of Ghent. Lon. 3. 3. E. lat. 50, 40. N. Armiers, a town of Hait^hauU, in the French Netherlands, feated on the river Samber, eight miles S. W. of Mauheuge, and 20 S. of Moos. Lon. 3. 45. £. lat. 50. 15. N. A R M I R o, a town of Macedonia, in Eu- ropean Turky, feated on theGulphdeVelo, 30 miles S. £. ofLarifTo. Lon. 23. 40. £. lat. 38. 34. N. Armuvdsn, a fea-port town of the United Provinces, in the ifland of Walche- ren, formerly very flourifliing ; but now in- conliderable, the fea having flopt up the harbour. The fait works are its cliief re- fource. It is three miles E. of Middleburg. Lon. 3. 40. £. lat. 51. 30. N. Arna, a town of Andres, one of tl->e idands of the Archipelago ; it has a good harbour. Arnay-li-Duc, a town of France, in the ciuchy of Burgundy, which carries on a pretty good trade. It is feated on the Auxois, in a valley near the river Aroux, 1 5 miles N> W. of Baune. Lon. 4. a6. E. lat. 47. 7. N. Arneberg, a town of Germany, in the Old Marche of Brandenburc;, feated on the river Elbe, between Angermund and Werben, three miles from each. Ic was A R R tiken by the Swedes in 1631 } but is now fubjedl to the king of Pruflia. * A R N E DO, a town of South America, in Peru ; it has a harbour on the South Sea, and lies 25 miles N. of Lima. Arnheim, a town of the United Pro- vinces, in Guelderland, belonging to the Dutch. The fortifications w«re demoliHi- ed by Lewis XIV. but they are now cc- built. It is feated on the Rhine, eight miles N. of Nimeguen, and 25 £. of Utiecht. Lon. 5. 55. E. lat. 51.0. N. Ar N 0, a large river of Italy, in Tufcany. It has its fource in the Appenines, and paflT- ing by Florence and Pifa, falls into the fea a little below the latter. •Arnould, Sr.a town of France, in Beauce, on the road from Chartres to Paris, and in the forefl of Ivelinc. * Arnsheim, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, and in the bailiwick of Alc^ey, eight miles from Crutzenach. * Arnstade, a town of Germany, in Thuringia, on the liver Gera, 10 miles S. of Erford. Lon. 11. 3. £. lat. 50. 54. N. Arona, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Milan, with a ftrong caftle. It Aands on the lake Maggiore, 24 miles N. of Ver- ceil, and 30 N. W. of Milan. Lon. 8. 15, E.lat. 45. 41. N. Aronches, a town of Portugal, in Alcntejo, on the confines of Spain. It is feated on the river Caro, five miles S. E, of Portalegra, and 20 N. of Elvas. Lon. 5. 16. W. lat. 14. 39. N. * Ar 00 L, a town of the Ruffian empire, in the Ukrain, feated on the river Occa, 200 miles N. of Mofcow. Lon. 38. 20. E.lat. 51. 58. N. * A ROSE AY, a town of the Eafl- Indies, on the coaA of the ifland of Madura, near the ifland of Java. Lon. 114. 30. £. lat. 9. 30. N. * Arpino, a town of the Terra-di-La- voro, in the kingdom of Naples, eight miles N. of Aquino, and 55 S. E, of Rome. Lon. 12. 50. E. lat. 41. 45. N. * Arq.ua, a town of Italy, in the Pa- duan, and territory of Venice, remaikable for the tomb of Petrarch. It is 10 miles S. E. of Padua. Lon. 11. 43. £. lat. 45. 43. N. * Arcjues, a town of Normandy, in France, feated on a fmall river of the fame name, fo-jr miles S. E. of Dieppe, and three N. E. of Longueville. Lon. i. 30. E. iat« 49. 54, N. Arragok, a kingdom, and one of the moftconfiderable provinces of Spain, bound« ed on ths N. by the Pyrenean mountains, which ■ft* 1 I Sji; but is now (Tia. South America, iir on the South of Lima, the United Pro- belonging to the 5 ware demolifli- hey are now te- lle Riiine, eight and 25 £, of lat. 52.0. N. taly, in Tufcany. enines, and paflV falls into the fea wn of France, in 'hartres to Paris, of Germany, in ine, and in the ght miles from of Germany, in era, 10 miles S. . lat. 50. 54.. N. ly, in the duchy aftle. It ftands miles N. of Ver- in. Lon. 8,15, if Portugal, in of Spain. It is ^e miles S. E. of Ivas. Lon. 5. Ruflian empire, the river Occa, Lon. 38. 20. ^he Eafl- Indies, Madura, near [14. 30. £. lat. pe Terra-di-La- [les, eight miles }fRome. Lon. ply, in the Pa- ce, remarkable lis 10 miles S. £. lat. 45. Tormandy, in er of the fame }pe, and three 1 1. 30. £. lat. nd one of the Bpain, bound- mountains, which ART which feparates it from France, on the W. by Navarre and the Two CaAiles, on the S. by the kingdom of Valencia, and on the E. by a part of Valencia and Catalonia. The air is pure and wholefome ; but the country, though abounding in rivers, is in want of good water. It is fertile in corn, wine, flax, and ft uir, near the rivers ; but in oiher places dry and fandy. It produces fafl'i on, and there are mines of fait in plenty, 1( was united to the crown of Spain in 1478. SaragoHa is the capital town, and the Ebro the moft confiderable river. Arran, an ifland in Scotland, in the Fifth of Clyde, between Cantireand Cun- ningham, wiih the title of an earldom. There is plenty of fiihing on its coaft. Arran, a town of SwifTerland, feated on the river Aar, 25 miles S. W. of Baden, where tiie ProteAant cantons hold their diet. Arras, an epifcopal (own of the Ne- therlands, and capital of the county of Ar- tois. It is remarkable for its fine church, and well furniHied library. A great part of the fortifications were built by Vauban. It is divided into two towns, the Upper and the Lower, and feated on the river Scarp, 12 miles S. W. of Douay, and 22 N. W. of Caa.'bray. Lon. 2. 56. £. lat. 50. 17. N. It belongs to the French. Arroe, a fmall ifland of Denmark, in the Baltick Sea, to the N. of the ifland Dulcen, and a little to the S. of Funen. Lon. 9. 40. E. lat. 55. 20. N. Arrojo de-St. Servan, a town of Spain, in £(tramadara, eight miles S. of Merida, and 25 £. of Badajox. Lon. 5. ao. W. lat. 38. 40. N. Arsamas, a town of the Ruflian em« pire, in the territory of Morduates, feated on the river Mokcha-reca, on the road to Adracan, 300 miles S. by E. of Mofccw, and 500 N. by W. of Allracan. It was here general Doldiruki puniflied the rebel- lious Coflacks. Art A, a confiderable and ancient fea- port town in Europe, in Lower Albania, with a Greek archbifliop's fee, and where there are more Chriftians than Mahometans. It carries on a confiderable trade, and is fea'ed on the river Afdhas, 2a miles N. E. of Prevjfa, and 70 N. by W. of Lepanto. Lon. 21. 30. E. lat. 39. 28. N« A B T 1 s, a provinceof the French Nether- lands ; bounded on the N. and partly on the E. by Flanders, and by Hainhalt, Cambrefis, and Picardy, on the S. and W. It is one of the beft provinces in France ; and is 62 miles in length, and about 30 in breadth. Its trade con^fts of corn, flax, hops, wool, A S C oil, and cloth. The inhabitant* are Earter-Tuef- horfes, cows, mew, and St, and cows. It tower, a great ;■ It has alfo 3 miles S. of London. Lon. Kent, with a :wo fairs, on hoi fes, cattle, miles S. E. of E. of London. N. Somerfetfhire, 1 two fairs, on firft Wednef. !1 forts of cat- jof Suflex, 10 e fair on July 'erbyfliirc, fix two fairs, on ir cattle and a village in cliefter, with December 3, toys. 3arts of tf:e rder. It is zen Sea, en which is S. by the lurepe and than any of ; and it is was created Ferent opi- inly where . But bs were early re thought but all the n had their re are f)il| maintain cording to them, ASK them, are a hundred thoufand years old. They have one fort of religion in China, and another in India, whofe prieds are the Bramins ; not to mention the Jews, Chrif- tians, and Mahometans, whofe beginnings are fufficientiy known to all the world. This was the feat of feveral ancient em- pires, or monarchies; fuch as that of the AfTyrians, Medes, Fe fians, and Greeks. It is 4740 miles in length from the Dar- danels on the W. to the EaHern fliore of Tarrary ; and 4380 in breadth from the moft fout'iern part of Malacca, to the mod northern cape of Nova Zembla. It maybe di- vided into ten great pans, namely, Turky in Afia, Arabia, Perfia, the Mogul's empire, with the Two Peninfulas of India, Thibet, China, and Corea, Great and Little Bocha- ria, withCarazm, Little and Great Tartary, Siberia, and the iHands. The governments of Afia are generally monarchical ; and Turky, Perfia, the Mogul's empire, Thibet, and China, are fubjedl to fingle monarchs j but the reft divided among feveral fove- reigns ; fo that there arc reckoned fcven emperors, thirty kings, befides petty princes and the rajas of India, which are very nu- merous. With regard to the extent of their religions, the Chriftian is but fmall in refpefl of the Mahometan, which compre- hends one-third of Afia ; and the Pagan is about twice as much extended as the Ma- hometan. Befides thefe iome pretend there is the natural religion, which has about as many followers as the Chriftian. The languages are fo many and fo various, that it is impofiihle to enumerate them j but the chief are the Turkifli, the Grecian, the Arabick, the Chinefe, the Perfian, and the Old Indian. In (horf, every country and ifland has almoft^a diftinft language. Befides the animals we have in Europe, there are lions, leopards, tigers, camels, elephants, rhinocerofes, and many others. There are feveral great lakes ; hut the pripcipal are the Cafpian Sea, which is 2000 miles in circumference, and the lake Aral, which is about half as much, and has not been long known to the Europeans. As for the rivers. I fhall not mention them here, but refer to their proper places. Asia the Less, now called Natoliaj which fee. As 1 1 TO, a town of Italy, in Perugia, and in the Pope's territories, 16 miles S. E.of Perugia, and 80 N. of Rome. Lon. 23. 40. E, lat. 43. o. N. * As IN AR A, an ifiand of Italy, on the weftern coaft of Sardinia, 17 miles N. of Saflari. Lon. 8. 30. E. lat 41.0. N. AsKEATON, « town of Ireland, in *e ASS province of Munder, ig the county of Li- merick, feared on the river Shannon, and fends two members to parliament * AsKRiG, a town in the N. Riding of Yorkfliire, with three fair;; on May, 11, and the fird Toefday in June, for woollen c!oth, pewter, brafs, and millinery goods ; and on OAober 28 and 29 for horned cattle, woollen cloth, pewter, and millinery goods. It is fix miles S. by £. of York, and 175 N. of London. Lon. o. 5. W. la(. 53. 50. N. AsMER, a province of India, on this fids the Ganges, between the river Sind, or In- dus, and the province of Delii. AsMiND, or AsMitn, an old celebrated convent of Denmark, in North Jutland, founded in 1 164, but at prefent a royal fief. * AsNA, or EsNA, a town of Upper Egypt, feated on the river Nile, fo near the catarafl that it may be heard from thence. In the middle of it it an ancient temple clofed on three fides j and in the front 24. columns very well preferve;! : tiiey fupporc ftones placed crofs-ways, on which reft great tables adorned with hieroglyphicks, in the fame manner as the fides and columns. The people here drive a confiderable trade intoEg>pt and Nubia, by means of the Nile, and the caravans that pafs over the deferts. The inhabitants are all Arabs, and governed by acafhif and two fherifTs of th^ir own nation. Lon. 31. 40. E. lat. 3S. 15. N. * AsoLA, a town of the BrefTan in Italy, belonging to the republic of Venice, 20 miles S. E. of BrefTa, and 25 N. W. of Mantua. Lon. 14. 18. E. lat. 45. 15. N. * AsoLo, a town of Italy, in the Tie- vifan, feated on a mountain 17 miles N. \V. ofTievifan, and ro N. E.of BaflTano. Lon. 12. 2. E. lat. 45. 49. N. A SOPH, a town of Coban Tartary, in Afia, feated on the river Don, near its mouth, a little to the E.of the Palus Moeotis, or Sea of Afoph. It has been feveral times taken and retaken of late years ; but in 1739, 'he contending powers agreed that the fortifications fhould be demolifhed, and the town remain under the fubjediion of Ruflia. Lon. 41. 30. E. lat. 47. 18. N. * AspiRosA, a town of Turky, in Eu- rope ; it is a bifhop's fee, fituated on the coaft of the Archipelago, 22 miles S. E. of Nicopoli. Lon. 25. 20. E. lat. 40. 58. N. * AssANCAtr, a ftrong town of Arme- nia, feated on the river Ares, ti miles E. of Erzerum. There are hot baths greatly frequented. Lon. 41. 30. E. lat. 39. 46. N. * AssANCHir, a town of Afia, in Diar- bekir, feated on the river Tigris, 40 miles S £. AST A T H S. B. of Diarbekir. 37. xo. N. Loilt 41. 30. E. lat. 5i!i As SENS, a fea-port town of Denmark, in the ifland of Funen. It is the common paflTage from the duchy of Slefwi^k to Co- penhagen, and is 17 miles S. W. of Oden- fey. Lon. 10. 30. E. lat. 55. 15. N. Assisio, an epifcopai town of Italy, in the duchy of Spoleto, built on the tide of a very high mountain. The cathedral of St. Francis is very magnificent, and com- pofed of three churches one above another. It is 10 miles S. £. of Perugia, and 70 N. £. of Rome. Lon. 13. 35. £. lat. 43. 4. N. Assoi, a fea-port town of Natolia, feated on a bay of the Archipelago, ix miles S. E. of Troas, fubjefl to the Turks. Lon. 27. 30. B. lat. 38. }o. N. Assumption, am epifcopai city, and the capital of Paraguay, in S. America. It is populous, and ftands in a country fertile in all forts of corn and fruit. The air is VKholefome and temperate, and the trees al- ways green; It is feated on the river Para- guay. Lon. 60. 40. W. lat. 34. ic. S. Assyria, acountry of Afia, which for- merly comprehended thofe provinces of Turky and Perfia, now called Diarbeck, Curdiftan, and Irac-Arabi. • AsTABAT, a very handfome town of Alia, in Armenia, three miles from the river Aras, and 1 z S. of Nakfivan. This is the only country that produces ronas, a root which dyes a beautiful red. Lon. 46. 30. E. lat. 39. o. N, AsTXKABAT, a large town of PerHa, in Afia, and capital of a province of the fame name, feated on the fouthern Ihore of the Cafpian Sea, zoo miles N. of Ifpahan. Loni 54. 35. E. lat. 36. 5c. N. *AsTERAC, or EsTERAc, a territory of France, in Lower Armagnac, very popu- lous and fruitful } Mirande is the capital town. AsTi, a handfome and ancient town of Montferrat, in Italy. It is a bifhop's fee, and was taken by the French, in 1745 ; but the king of Sardiria retook it in 1746. It is feated on the river Tanaro, ix miles N. £. of Alba, and 22 E. of Turin. Lon. 8. 15. £. lat. 54. 50. N. * AsTiER, St. a town of France, in Perigord, and in the diocefe of Perigueux, with a rich Benedidiine abbey. AsTORGA, an epifcopai town of Spain, in the kingdom of Leon, well fortified by art and nature, feated on a pleafant plain, aj miles S. W. of Leon, and 90 W. of Burgos. Lon. 6. 20. W. lat. 42. 20. S. AsTR AC HAN, an epifcopai cityofTar- tary, in Afia^ and capital of a kingdom of the fame name. It is large and populous^ and has a t^ood harbour, where the Eu- ropeans embark for Perfia. It is furrounded with ftrong walls, and famous for excel- lent filh. It feldom rains here : but tbe river Wolga, on which it (lands, overflows like the Nile ; and when the water is run off, the grafs grows in lefs than a month. From Aftrachan to Terki, on the fide of the Cafpian Sea, are long marlhes, which produce a vatt quantity of fait, with which the RuflTians carry on a great trade. It is feated on an ifland formed by the river, 50 miles N. W. of the Cafpian Sea. Lon. 47. 10. E. lat. 46. 22. N, AsTROP-wELLs, near Banbury, inOx- fordfhire, are reforted to by great numbers on account of the virtues of the waters. AsTURiA, a town of Italy, in the Cam- pagna di Romagna, having a good harbour, and a fortified tower. AsTURiA, a province of Spain, with the title of a principality. It is 120 miles in length, and 45 in breadth, bounded on tHe E. by Bifcay, on tbe S. by Old Caftile and the kingdom of Leon, on the W. by Galio cia, and on the N. by the ocean. It is di- vided into two parts, Afluria d'Oviedo, and Afluria de Santiilana. This province is full of mountains and forefls, and its wine and horfes excellent. It has mines of gold, lapis lazulli, and vermillion, and belongs to the eldeft fons of the kings of Spain. * AsTwicK, a village in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire, five miles N. W. of Settle, with one fair on the Thurfday before Wbit- funtide for horned cattle. * Atacama, a harbour of S. America, in Peru. There is a great defe't of the fame name, and a chain of mountains which feparate Peru from Quito. On the moun- tains the cold is fo violent that paffengeis are fometimes frozen to death. Lon. 68. 20. W. lat. o. 22. S. • Atalava, a town of Poitugal, in Eflramadura, feated on an eminence, with a flrorg fortrefs, five miles S. of Tomer, and as near the river Tajo. Lon. 7. 20.W. lat. 39. 25.N. Atavada, a river of Spain, in Old Caflile, that falls into. the Douro. • At EN A, a town of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, near the river Negro, 22 miles N. of Polica(\ro, and iz miles N. W. of Matfico, Lon. 15. 38. E. lat. 40. 28. N. At H, a fmall, h.indfome, and very flrong town in the Netherlands, in the county of Hainhalt. It wa.» taken by the French feveral times ; and laftof ail, in 1745* but afterwards refiored to the AuHrians. It is feated on the river Dender, iz miles N. W. of I i 1 -I I ■3 and populous^ vvhere the Eu- It is furrounded lous for excel- here : but tbe inds, overflows e water is run i than a montli. on the fide of narlhes, which lit, with which It trade. It is ly the river, 50 Sea. Lon. 47. ianbury, inOx- : great numbers the waters, ly, intheCam- 1 good harbour, Spain, with the is I20 miles in bounded on :He Old Cafdle and he W. by Gali- icean. It is di' a d'Oviedo, and his province is is, and its wine |S mines of gold, and belongs to 9f Spain. tbe W.Riding W. of Settle, y before Whit- of S. America, t defe't of the Duntains which On the moun- that paflengers ch. Lon. 68. Pottuga], in linence, with S. of Tomer, -on. 7. 20, W. (pain, in Old )ouro. \, in the king' |er Negro, 32 miles N. W. ir. 40. aX.N. jid very ftrong [he county of the French [ in 1745, but irians. It is I miles N. W. of % A T I- of Nfons, and 25 S. of Ghent. Lon. 3. 40. E, lat 50. 35. N. ATHBNS.atown of Greece, greatly cele- br;.fed for the learrted men it has produced. It having been the prlntipil acadenjy of the Roman empire. It ii now tailed Aihin^, and is an archbiihrp's fee : thcitgS at pre fent inconfiderable to what it was formerly. If. contains about 15000 irihahitants, who A U B except where the extreme cold will not per* mil. Thefe are the mountains from whence the Atlantic O ean l.»kes its name. Atock, or Attock, the (.d})ital town of a province of ilie fame name, m the do- minions of the Crea; Mogul, in Afm. It was lately the boundar> between rcrfia and India: ^ind when the Great gul was prifoner fo Kouli Khan, foveiti^-jn of Her- arc chiefly Chriftians of tie Greek cliuich, lia, h-- ^as obliged to furrendar it to that and fpeak a corrupt fort of Greek. It has undergone various revolutions, and was taken by the Venetians in 1464, and in 16S7, but they were obliged to abandon it, and it is now under the dominion of the '1 uiks. The citadel, formerly called Acro- polis, is built on a craggy rock, and has no eiKrance but on the W. fide; there are ftill feveral magnificent ruins which fufficiemly tertify its forr. r grandeur. It is the capital ot Livadia, and fituated on the Gulph £n- gia, 100 miles N. E. of Lacedsmon, and 320 S. by W. of Conftantinople. Lon. 24. 15. E. lat. 38. 5.N. Athe«ton, a town of Warwickfhirc, prmte. Lon. ;i 10. E. lat. 31. 20. N'. Atkij an ejjii'opal town of Italy, in the king>ic'tn of Nip'.es, wall the title of a duchy. It IS fcatcd on a cracky mountain, four miles from the Gulph ot Venice, and 10 S. E. of Teiamo. Lon. 13. 8. E. lat. 4». 45- N' Atticni, an anc'cnt town of France, in Champagne, where iVveral of I'e kings of Frasice had the.r relidence. It is ftatcd on the liver Aifne, eight miles S. E. of Khete!, and 20 N. E. of Rheims. Lon, 4. 47. E. lat. 49. 30. N. Attlebuey, a town in the county of Norfolk, wiih a good maiket on Tnurfdays with a market on Tuefdays, and four fairs for fat bullocks ; and thrte fairs, in April, on April 7, for horfes, cows, and Iheep; Holy Thurfday, an.l Augull 15, for cattle on July 1?, for pleafure ; on September 19. for hotfes, cows, and confiderable quanti- ties of cheefc } and on December 4, for ho fes and fat horned cattle. It is fexred on the river Ankar, and is indifferently large, and well built. It is three miius S. of Stratford upon Avon, and 104 N. W. of London. Lon. 1. 30. W. lat. 52. 40 N. Athlon E, a ftrong town of Ireland, in the county of Weftmeath, and province of Connaught, feated on the river S lannon, 60 miles W. of Dublin. Lon. 8. 0. W. lat. 53. 20. N. Athol, a county in the middle of Scot- land, with the title of a duchy. It is bounded on thcN. by the fhireof Badenoch, by Breadalbin on the S. by Gauria on the E. and by Lochaber on the W. It abounds with lakes ; iilair is the capital town. Athos, or , Monte Santo, a high mountain of Greece, in Macedonia, and in a peninfula to the S. of the gulph of Con- tefTi. It is inhabited by a great number of Caloyers, or Greek monks, who have many fortified monafteries upon it ; it is 70 miles £. of Salonichi. Lon, 26. 20. E. lat, 40. 10 N. Ath Y, a town of Ireland, in the county of Kildare, and province of Leinfter, feated on the river Bat row, 11 miles S. of Kil- dare. Lwn. 7.0. W, lat. 53. o. N. Atlas, a chain of high mountains in Africa, feparating Barbary from Biledul- gerid. It is ijiltabftcd ^Imoll in every place, and toys. It is 14 miles N. E. of Thetford, and 94 N. E. of London. Lon. c. 40. £. lat. 52. 33. N. AvA, a kingdom of Afia, beyond the Ganges, lying on the Gulph of Cengal. It has a capital of the frfine name, which it pretty large and populous. The houfes are all of wood, and the i^iee'sareas flrair as a line. The king's palice is very large, and built of itone, and greatly embelliftied with gilding. The inh.ibitanfs are well (haped, with good feafuies, and an olive complexion. The women ate fmall, but whiter rKan the men ; their black hair is tied up behijid j and when they go aboad they wear.i piece of cotton clo.h loofe on the top of their heads. Lon, 96. 30. £. lat. 21. o. N. • AvA, a kingdom of Japan, whofe capital is of the fame name. Ic is feated in an ifland between ihofeofNiphon andBonge. Lon. J 33. 40. E. lat. 33 o. N. There is another kingdom of Ava in Japan, in tlie peninfula of Niphon. AvALoN, an ancient town of France, in Burgundy, capital of a bailliwick of the fame name. It carries on a great trade, and is feated on the river Coufain, 20 miles S. E. of Auxerre, and ^o W. of Dijon, Lon. 3. 52. E. lat. 47. 3S. N. AuBAGNK, a town in Provence, in the road from Marfeilles to Tnulon, feated on the river Vaune, ten miles S. E. o» Mar- feilles. Lon. 5. 52. E. lat. 43 17 N, | G 41 k Ji () AUG • AUG confidcrahle river of Fnnce, bge in Huntingdunfliire, four miles N. W. ! 1 1 li !, Ausi, a which rifes in a mountAin on \ht S. of Auberive j ami crolVint; parr of Cliampagne falls into the Seine below IMancy. • AuBiNAS, a town of France, inLan- gticdoc, featcd on ttie river Ardefciic, at the foot oi the mountains called the Ceven- ret, 15 miles N. W. of Viviert. Lon. 4. 32. Z. iat. 44.. 40. N. •AuBiNTON, a town of France, in Picardy, feated on the river Aube, ten milcb S. of Virvins. Lon. 4. 25. £. Iat. 49, 51. N. * AuBETCRRE, a town of France, in the Angoumois. feated on the river Dronne, S2 miles S. of Anguuleme. Lon. o. 10. E. Iat. 45. 15. N. AuBiGNi, a town of France, in Berri, yt\&, a caflle, and the title of a duchy, which belongs to the duke of JRichmonH, in right of the duchefs of Portfr..outh, wlio was alfo duchefs of Aubigni, and fr^m whom he is defcended. It is featcd on the river Nerre, in an agreeable plain, zx mileb N. of Bourges. Lon. 2. xo. E. Iat. 47. 29 N. AuBiN, a town of the idand of Jcrfcy. It hns a good harbour defended by a fort. AuBiN tiu CoRMiFR, a town of Brit- tany in France ; famous for a battle between the vifcoun? of Tremouillc and the duke of Orleans, aftcrwaids Lewis XIL in 14SS, when the latter was made piifonev. It is of Huntin>;don, with a fair on June 14 for pedlai's ware. Audi, a large liver of Fiance, which rifes in the I'yrenean mountains, rtins N. by Alec, then to CarcafTone, and pafTee from thence W. thro' Languedoc, falhng into the Maditcrranean a little to the N. £. of Naibonne, • AuPiEV-END, a village in EfTcx, near Saffron Waldcn, with one fair on Augull 5, for c!>eefe. AvEi Ro, a town of Portugal, feated on the lake of Vouga, with the title of a duchy } it has a good haibour 30 miles S. of Poito Lon. 9. S. W. Iat. 40. 30, N. AvKLLiNo, an cpifcopa! town of Italy, in the kingitom uf Naples. I: was almoit luinci^ by an earthquake in 1694, and is 12 miles S. of Hcnevento, and 25 N. E. of Naples. Lcn. 15. 3. E. Iat. 40. $3. N. * A V EN c HE, a town of SwUIerland, in the canton of Bern, formerly capital of Swiffcrland, but now gre.itly decayed. It is four miles S. W. of Mcrat, and 15 W. of Bern. Lon. 7. 7. E, Iat. 46. 59. N. AvvRNo, a hke of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, lying in a narrow valley, two miles iong, and about one broad. Viigil and others have faid that the water was fo bad that birds ilropt down dead when ten miles E. of Rennes, and la S. of An- 1 flying over it; apd hence they called it the train. Lon. i. J5.W. Iat. 48. 15. N. { lake of hell ; but it is now found to have •AuBoNNE,a h.(ndfome town of Swif- ferland, in the canton of Berne, featcd on a river of the fame name, in the teriitory of Vaux, ten miles W. of Laufanne, Lon. 5. 54. E.lat. 48. 30. N. AvBURN, a to vn of Wiltfl«re, w'nh a market on Tuefdays, but no fair. It i^ but an indifTerent town, feated on a branch of the river Kenner, eight miles N. fe of Marlborough, and 81 W. of London. Lon. I. 20. W. Iat. 51. 30. N. AuBUSsoN, a town of la Marchc in France, with the title of a vifv.ouiity. It lias a manufafl;)re of t.Tpeftry, whi.h ren- ders it a populous tr.i;^inp place; is feated on the river Cieuf'e, 37 miles N. E, of Li- moges. Lon. 2. 15. E Iat. 45. <;8. N. AvcH, an epifcopai city, ar.d the capital of Gafccny in France. It is divided into the upper and luwer town, and triecatl.eclr.il is one of tha i\ncl\. in Fiance. It is feated on the ccciivity of a moiintain, near the river Gers, 37 miles W. cfTouloufe. Lon. c. 40. E. Iat. 43. 4c. N. AucAUGRCt, a town of Africa capi- tal of the kingrfoKi of Adel, feattd on a mcunt.iin. Lon. 44. 25. E, Int. 9. 10. N, ♦ Au CON BURY, 0: 4*■co^BURy, avil- I no poifonous quality ; for birds not only I fly over it. but fwim upon it. A little to I the W. o( the lake is a cave, where fome I pretend they went formerly to ccnfult the I Cumsean Sybil. There is alfo fome old walls ftanding, which fome fuppofe to be the ruins of a temple of Apollo, and others of Pluto. Ave R SA, a town in Italy, of the king- dom cf Naples, with a bifliop's fee. It is feated in a very fine plain, eight miles S. of Capua, and eight N. of Naples. Lon. 14. 20. E. iat. 41. o. N. AvKs, or the irtand of birds, one of the Caribbeei, 451 miles S. of Fort.o Rico, with a good harbour for careening of fhips . It is fo called from the great number of h- Js that frequent it. Theie is another of fiie fame nam-j lying to the N. of this, Iat. 15. o. N. and a third rear the eailern coaft of Nev,vfoundland> in Iat. 50. 5. N. AvESNKs, a .'■mall but ftronp town of the Netherlands, in the county of Hainhalt, f'lbje^ to France. It is feated on tiie river Helper, 25 miles E. of Cambray, and 100 N. by E. of Paris. Lon. 3. 23- E. Iat. 50. io. N. • Au Gi:, a fmail teriitory of France, in Normandyi 1 ir miles N. W. on June 24 for Fiance, which tains, rdns N. ne, and pafTee ;uedoc, falling Je to the N. £. ; in Eflfex. near fair on Auguil ugal, feated on the title of a iir 30 miles S. . 40. 30. N. town of Italy, I: was almolt 1694, and is 11 I 25 N. £. of 40. S3. N. swiderland, in !rly capital of ly decayed. It at, and 15 W. 46. 50. N. y, in the king, narrow valley, ut one broad, that the water own dead when ey called it the found to have md» not only it. A little to where fome to ccnfult the alfo feme old fuppofe to be llo, and others of the king- p's fee. It is [;ht miles S. of Cii. Lon, 14. |ds, one of the Porto Rico, sningof (hips, imberof h'ds Inothcr of the this, lat. 15. iHctn coaft of N, Iptown of the I of Hainhalt, Id on the river pay, and 100 E. lat. 50. jf France, in Mormand/i A V I Kormandy, with the title of a vifciunty. It i)i( ducts noT, fltx, .10(1 plf-n y ol apples. '! wvv^irts t:^lr lea .ire fnlt-'.voiks, whcir they nitkt; vi ly fin*; rvlutf fait. I: Itffls .^ jticit rur'ber ot I'luned 'atile, wlii li ate f(.li1 at Tjri'. Horneui and I'ort Luviquc aiethe prini-ipil ro\»ns. A t <", s B u R r. , See A ti s b u r n , Ave u ST , nr Aust.a, an ifl.ind in the Aoii-iiicS 1, on ihccoaA of Dalmatia, nenr Ragufa, fu ''^'(\ to Venice. Lon 17. 50. E. lat. 42. 35. N. AvGusTiN, St. a fort of N. America, on the E. cnall of Cape Florida. It lieh on the fr.mtifrs of Genrgi.i, ceded to the Englifh by the Inte treaty of peace. Lon. 81. 10. W. lat. 8. ;o. N. AiicusTiNK, a cape of S America, in Erafil, 300 miles N. E. of the Uity of All Saints. Lon. 35. 4. W. lat. 8 30. S. AucusTow, a fmall, but ftron?, town of Poland, in the duchy and palarjnate ol Polakia, feated on ttie river Narieu, 44 miles N. of Bitlifk. Lon. 24. 2. E. lat. 53. 25. N. AviGLiANO, a fmall to n of Italy, in Piedmont, feven miles W. of Turin. Lon. 7. 5. E. lat. 44. 40. Avignon, a liandfome and large town of France, in Provence, and capital of a territory of the fame name, which depends on th^pope, with an archbiHiup's fee, and an univeiHiy. It was formerly the refidence of the popes, before they removed to Rome, The churches are very handfome, and there was a famous bridge of 19 arches, nnw reduced to three. An mquilitlon is erefted here, but not fo rigorous as thofe of Spain and Portugal, the Jews being allowed to have a fynagogue. It is advantageoufly feated on the river Rhone, 12 miles S. of Orange, and 20 E. of Nifmes. Lon. 4. 59. E. lat. 43. 57. N. AviLA, an ancient, pleafant, andftrong town of Spain, in Old Caflile ; it has an univerfity, and a m.inufa£lure of fine cloth ; is feated in a large plain, furrourded with mountains covered with fruit trees and vineyards, 30 miles S. W. of Segovia, and 40. N. W. of Madrid. Lon. 3. 8. W. lat. 40. 35. N. AviLEs, a town of Spain, in the king- dom of Leon, on the Bay of Bifcay, 25 miles N. of O^vido. Lon. 5, 44. W. lat. 43.41. N. Avis, a fmall town of Portugal, in Alentejo, feated on an eminence, with a caftle near the river Avis. Hence the mili- tary order of the knights of Avis have liieir name. It Is 17 miles W. of Aflremoz, and 60 E. of Lilbon. Lon. 7. o. W. lat. 38. 40. N. A U R AwKf.AND ni:iioP8, a town in the hifhoptick of Oiiiliani, wiili a maiket on I liuird;i)S, and three f.ii'.t ^n Holy Tlurf- day, Juric 21, and en itic IhuiMiy before Old Mic! aclmas day, for cafile and flieep. It in ple;if)»nlly fe.md on llic fide nt a lull, and no'ed for its caltle, b'.auti.'iiily repaitcil about 100 yeais ago, for its chapel, whofe architefture is very cutious, and for ir« bridfc. It is ei-'h' miles S. by W. of Dur- ham, and 254 N. N. W. of London. Lon. o. 57 W. lar c;4, ^4. N. • AuLctsTiR, a town of Warwlck- fhire, with a market on Tuefdays, and three tails on Tncfda'y before April 5, May 18, and O£lober 17, for hoifes and cheefe ; feven miles W. of Stratfoi-d upon Avon, and 8 i N. W. of Lonrlon. Lon. i. 47. W. lat. 57.. 15. N. At LPS, a town of France, in Pr»- venc«, in the diotefe of Frejus, with the title of a vigueria, Lon. 6. 25. E. lat, 43. 40. N. AiJMAii. See. Alber MAR r.«. • All NAY, a town of France, in tb« gent.1 ality o( Orleans, and rleftion of Blois. There is alfo a rich abbey of ihe fame name in Normandy, and dioctfe of Bageux of the Cif\ercian oidcr, ' • AuNEAu, a town of France, in the territory of Chartrain } ten miles from Char- tres, and 35 fiom Paris. AvNis, a fmall territory of Fiance, to the N. of Poitou, from which it is feparated by the river Seure ; on the W. it is bounded by the ocean, and on the E. and S. by Saintonge. It is a dry country, but pro- duces corn and plenty of wine. In the low marfhy grounds are meadows which feed a great many cattle, and in the marHies they mike as good f,ears, but i» thought to life again at Port en BeiTin. AuRENR AHAP, 3 lai gc town of India, in Afia, and capital of the province of Ba- lagate, in the dominions of the Great Mo- gul. It is a trading; populous place, and feateJ in a very fruitful country, 140 miles S £. of Su ar, and 145 N. E. of Goa. Lon. 75. 30, E. lat. 19, 10. N. AuBicK, a town of Cprm.iny, in the circle of We(lphnlia, in E. Fiiefl.ind, with a cartle where the count rtlidts. Ir iK fca:ed in a plain furroumled with foreHs full uf game, i£ miles N. E. of Einbdcn, ant* 10 N. of Oidcnbu'g, Lon. 6. 50. £. lat. 53. a8. N. • AuR ILL AC, a confiderab^e and popu- lous town of France, in the Lo'/er Am- Vergne, with a fecular wbliey ; feated on the river Jordane, 30 miles S. \V. of St. Flonr, and 2508. of l'aK;y abandoned it in the year following, after the battle of Hockfted". It is feated between the river Werdach and Lech, 30- iniles N, W, of Munich, and 54 S. of .J^uremberg. Lon. 10. 58. E. lat. 4S. 24. N. * AvsTt.E, St. a village of Cornwall, (prtnerly.of fume account ; ai^d it has now A U X three faint on Good Friday, Whit-Thurfday, and November 10, for hoifei, oxen, ftuep, cloih, and a few hops. It is fix miles W. oT Foy. Austria, a country of Germany, bounded on the N. by Bohemia and Mora- via, on tl e E by Hungary, on the S. by Sryria, and on the W. by the archbifhnpiic ol Saltzherg. The river Ens divided it in- to the Upper and Lower; Vienna is the capital of the Lower, and Liniz the capithl of tlie Upp»r. Auliria excels all the pro- vinces of Germany in the fertility of its foil, the plenty of its paAures, and the whole- fomenefs of the air. Corn, wine, and fruit are very plenty ; and the faffron better than that of the Eall Indies. We muit not con- found Proper AuAria with the Circle of .AuAria, which is the chief of the Circles of the eippire ; nor with the territories of the Hpufe of Aufliia. It was long fince made an archduchy, and enjoys great piivileges, AuTHiE, a river of France, that rifeson the borders of Picardy and Artois, and runs between the mouths of the Somme and Canche into the fea. AuTRi EoLisB, a village of Brabant, in the AuHiian Netherlands, to which the left wing of the French army extendtd when the confederates obtained a fignal viAory over them at Ramillies, in 1706. It is two miles N £. of Ramillies, and lo N, of Na* mur. Lon. 4. 50. £. lat. 50. 40. N. AuTUN, an ancient and very handfome epifcopal town of Fr&nce, in the duchy of Bui gundy, and capital of the Autunois. It contains very fine monuments of anti* quity, but lefs confiderable fince it was ruined by tht Saracens in 730. It is feated at the foot of three large mountains near the river Aroux, 45 miles E. by S. of Ne- vers, and 162 S. W. of Paris. Lon. 4. ij, E. lat. 45. 47. N. AuvERCNE,a province of France, about lOo miles in length, and 75 in breadth. It is bounded on the N. hy the Bourbonnois, ©n theE. by Torez and Velay, on the W. by Limofin, Quercy, and La Marche, and on the S. by Rovergne, and the Cevennes. It is divided into the Upper and Lower, otherwife called Limagne, one of the moft fertile and pleafant countries in the world. Auvergne fupplies Lyons and Paris with fat cattle, makes a large quantity of cheefe, and has manufactures of feveral kinds. The principal rivers are the Aliier, the Dordo^ne, and the Alagnon. Clermont is the capital of the whole province. AuXERBC, an ancient town of France, in the duchy of Burgundy, and capital of tiie Auxerroii, with 9 bilhop's fee. The epiC*:opJU Whlt-Thurfrfjy, (c», oxtn, (htep, : is Ax nulcs W. of Cermnny, ;mia and Mora- y, on the S. by be archbifhnpiic nsdivirfcH it in- Vienna is the .intz thecapitkl eels all the pro- 'riilityof itdfoil, ind the whole- wine, and fruit Tron better than e mult not con- h the Circle of of the Circles of erritories of the long fince made real piivileges, ice, that rifes on ^rtois, and runs ne Somme and age of Brabant, >, to which the 'extenijtd when a fignal vidtory 706. It is two |)d zo N. of Na* 40. N. ery handfome the duchy of the Autunois. Inents of anti* fince it was It is feared lountains near by S. of Ne- Lon, 4. ij, France, about in breadth. Bourbonnois, f, on the W. Marche, and the Cevennes. and Lower, e of the mofl in the world, 'aris with fat Ity of cheefe, Iveral kinds. Allier, the Clermont lovince. |n of France, id capital of U fee. The epiCcoj>^ A X M ep1fcpp«1 palace i« one of the hanrlfomfrt In Fr.ince, and the churchrs are very beAUtifut. ft in vfry adv»nta)teo>i(ly fituifed for trade with I'ari* on the tivtr Yone, 7 «; miles S. of Sens. Lon ;^. •^5. E. lat. 47 i;4' N. • Auxois, .1 imiil territory ol France, in Burgundy 5 Semur is the capital. AuxoNNir, a f-Ti-iH fortified town of Fiance, in tlif dtichy of Burgundy ; feattd on the river S.ionc, over whicn is abridge of a 3 arches, to lacilitate the running off of the wa'eis aftei the overflowing of the rivtr. At the en^l of the bridge is a caufe- way X250 paces lorg. It is 17 miles E. of D:jon. Lon. 5. 31. E. lat 47. 1 1. N. Awr. A N, a fmall imperial town of Ger- manv, in the cicls of .Swabia, feated on the river Kochen, 1 5 m.les W. of Oeting, and 12 N, of Heiv^enheim. Lon. 11.15. E. lat. 48. 52. N. AxBRiDG r, a town in Someifetfhire, with :t market on Thurfdays, and two fairs on Marcli 15, and June ii, for cattle, (heep, cheefe, and toys. It is feaied under Mcndip hills, whicii are rich in lead minres, and propel for feeding cattle. It is a mayor- town, confining of one principal ftreet, wliicli is long but narrow ; ten miles N. W of Wells, aid i 30 W. of London. Lon. t. ao. VV. lat. 5 1. 30. N. Axr.i , a town of the Netherlands, in Dutch ri.indcrs ; fe.iteH in a morafs, ii miles N. of Glitor, and i 5 W. of Antwerp. Lun. 3. 40 E. lat. 51. 17. N. AxiM, a territory on the Oold-roaft of Guinea, containing two or three townv or villages on the fia ihore. The nrgro in- habitants arc {^entiallv tioh, and fell a great deal of gold to the Enpiifh and Dutch. They are likewife indudrjius in fiHiing and tilling the ground, which produces a prodigious quantity of rice, wt ich they exchant^e to other places on the cnaft, for Indian corn, yams, potatoes, and palm-oil. They 9II go naked in ihc f.mie manner as on the reft of the coaft, having nothing to hide their nakednefs but a clout. The Dutch have a fort and faftory here, called St. Anthony. AxMiNSTER, a town of Devonfhirc, with a market on 8afMard3ys, and three fairs on Ajiiil ic, Wecinefday after June 24, and tlie firft Wednefd.iy after September 29, all for cattle. It is feated on t e rivtr Ax, near the eHge of the county, in the gfeat road from London to Exe'cr, and was a place offome notein the time of the Saxons. It is governed by a portreve; has one church, and about »oo houfes j but the ftreets, tho' paved, are narrow. Here is 4 fmall manufaAory of broad and narrow A Z O clothi ; fome carpet are alfo ma Lon. a. 15. E. lat. 49. 4. N. Ayamontb. a fea port town of Spaia, in Andalufia, with a Arong caftle built on a rock ; feated at the mouth of the river Guadiana, oppofite to Caftro Martna, 1$ miles E. of Tavira, and 80 N. W. of Cadis. Lon. 8, 5. W. lat. 37. 9. N. Ay MOUTH, a town of Scotland, in tbe county of Mers, formerly fortified to cuib the garrifon of Berwick, from which it is fix miles N. Lon. i. 50. W. lat. 5;. 50. N. * AzAMOR, a fmall fea-port town of Africa, in the kingdom of Morocco, and the province of Duquela ; formerly very confideiablt, but ruined by the Portuguefe in 1513. Lon. 7. o. W. lat. 31. 50. N. * AzAY,atownofFrance, in Touraine, feated on the river loder, 15 miles S. W. of Touts, and 10 S. W. of Chinon. Lon. o. 35. E. lat. 47. 18. N. AzEM, AsEM, or AcHAM, a kingdom of Atia, in the N. part of that of Ava. Ic is very fertile, and contains mines of gold, filvcr, iron, and lead, which belong to the king. They have a great quantity of gum" lac, and coarfe filk. The inhabitants ar* well m.ide, and louk upon dog^s flefli as a delicacy. They are idolaters, and marrf feveial wives. KennmeroufF is the capital town, AzERi^uE, a river of Lyonnois, in France. * AzMER, a town of the EatVTndiet, ia the dominions of the Great Mogul, capital of a province of the fame name, with an extreme Arong caftle. It i* moderately large, and the Great Mogul fometimes goes thither. The principal trade of this pro- vince confiAs in falt-pCtre. * Azo, a town of Afia, in the Sail- Indies, feated on the frontiers of the king* dom of Azem, on the river Laquia. Lon* 88. 30 £. lat. 15. o. N. Azor. See Asoph. AzoRcs, iflands in the Atlantic Ocean, 1500 miles W, of Lilbon. They were dif- covcred Bab „ ^ .coveredinthemiddJeofih. .Ml. .. BAD in plenty ThL'^T:' ''"''• '"' '"''' ••'"«. 200 f ett.h' ^° ^''^ '" '^'""•"^e 4.. N. • ''^"^ *5 '« 33. ^. lat. 36 ioLJc^V'ZZTTr'"' -""'"«' 'he Aflyrian empire ^' J''*/'"' "P"»' «' Cairo (lands now wV P'"" ^''"'•e « Bacu almoft inc. edible- for rh "'i*^''3''°n » Danube fL^ T "' '^^''^"^ °" the r ver I'"- work. ,ha, ,L pSft „ ' "'/l'- '■"" of 'he OfZ' J . " °" "" "««"n bylon were alCo (o paltcd foi one 7 were built of il« in circumfe- SO thick. There rated to Bolus, »Of)ded with the t the capital of ifterwatds that founded by Na- of Spain, in the miles N. E. of Cuefcar. Lon. k handfome Tea* ngdoni of Vifa- »r, in the penin- I, fuhjcfl to the >aman, and xao • 'at. 19. o. N. I a village of t. Peter j feated ■ a liver of the I account of the »77t'> year of he peninfula of vhtre the khan My refides, 60 15. 10. £. iat. Germany, in ly imperial, eared on the Hsllaun, and lat.49. 57. Hungary, in on the river ee. lucca Iflands, luces cloves, o the Dutch. n of RufTia, Wononcfli name. and n Afia, that ~ja, in the |he weAern liles S. of 140. o. N. [ly fo cali- }, and the town of bifhop's fee. ■^ BAD fee, »nd fainoua for a bridge built by (he Hoinuna over the river Ciuadiana. Un this bridgt: thu P«rtug;uefe were defeated by Don Juhn oi AuA la, in 1661. It it feated on ihe rive' Guadiant, in a very fertile ter- ritory, ahoundm^ in pallures, la nr)ilcs S. IE. oi Eivii, ai'i ky, in Tiurope, in tlie province of Bofnia, 60 i>uj..» N. F. ci Sp;i!.itto, and 90 S. ot Pofega. Lon. iS 10 E. lit. 44.0. It. * Ua ON Of. At, a town of France, in Lower Languedoc, It has a. very handfome fquare and tvo fountains, which rife in the middle of the town, feated rear the river Ctfe, eieht miles S. W. of Pont St. Efpiit. Lon. 4. 43. *£. lat. 44. 10 N. Bahama Islakds, (Tficn called the Lucaya Iflands, are the eaAerqnoft of the Antilles, lying in the Atlantic Ocean. They are very numerous, but it only are taken notice of, The guiph of Florida, or Bahama, through which the Spanifh gal- leons fail in their paHTage to Europe, lies between thefe iflands and the continent of Florida. Bahama Proper, an idand which gives name to thofe in the preceding atiicle. Thefe iflands were difcovered by Columbus in 149*. But for a moie particular account, fee Providknck. Baharkn Islanp, lies in the guiph of Perfia, and was formerly very famous for its pearl-fiftiery, which is now come to nothing. Lon. 40. 5. £. lat. 26. o. N. Bahvc, aftrongtownof Sweden, and capital cf a government oi^ the fame name, feated on a rock in a fmall ifland, 10 miles N. of Gottenburg, and 1 50 N. of Copen- hagen.. Lon. II. 10. £. lat. 57. 5a> N. Baja, a populous town of Hungary, feated on the Danube, in a fruitful country, 45 miles N. W. of EiTeck. Lon. 19. 50. £. lat. 46. 40 N. Bajador, a cape on the W. coa(t of Africa, S. of the Canary Iflands. Lon. 15. %o. W. lat. 27. c. N. Bajah, a town of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, and Terra de Lavoro. It was famous for its bot baths, and elegant B A L palaces, In the time of the Romans, of fvliich there are fome rums remainiiig ; but i> now otherwife incontiderable Ir ta feated on the fea-cuall, n mdck W . of Naples. Lun. 14. 45 £. Ut. 41. 6 N. * Baikal, a great lake in Siberia, on the ro^id from Mofcovy to China. It is of very laiKe extent, and ihe waters frclh and very clear. There aie •• grtat many feals in it of a blackilh coluur, with multiiudea of ftih, paiticulaily liurgtons of a nion- Itrous tize. 'i he nvcr an^^ra runs out of thi) Lke (o the N N. W. Near it are mutk, deer, and cnmeli, of a very targe fize, whikh the inliabitants fitll to travellcis, for fuch commodities ^s they want, for ttey wjl not take money. Doth men and wo* men are robutt, large, and handfome, con- li'lering t^x country, in winter b>iti fexts wear long coats made of flitep-lkins, with a broad girdle round their waills j they wurlhip oead animals, and live in' huts made of wood and covered with eaith ; on the top of which is a hole to let cut the fmoke, the (ire being made in the middle. * BAiLttuL, a town ol France, in the county of Flanders, fgimerly very l^rong, but now without defence. Lon. a. 55. £• lat. 50. 45. N. Baka Banya, a royal free mine-town in the kingdom of Huot^ary. * Bakan, a large a«id handfome town of Afia, in the Eaft Indies, in the kingdom of Ava, and feated on a river of titat n: lake, and is noted for faimon. It is 36 miles S. W. by W. of Holywell, and 184 N. W. of Lon- don. Lon. 3. 3$. E. lat 5a. 45. N'. BalaOatb Mountains, are thofe which divide the coaA of Malabar from that of Coiomandel, They run almoH the whole length of the peninfula on .is fide the Ganges from N. to S. • Bal ACNA, a fmall noithurn province of the ifland of Corfica; its capital is Calvi. • Balagnia, a town of Mufcovy, in Ihe province of U«tle Novogorod, feated on the river Wolga, 50 miles N. of Nifna. Lon. 45. 5. E. lat. 50. 36. N. • Balacdek, a fortified town of Spain, in Catalonia, feated on the river Segra, at the foot of a craggy rock, i« miles N. E. of Lerida, and 75 N. W. of Barcelona. Lon. o. 48. E. lat. 41. 38. N. • BalambuAn, or Padambuan, a A.-:ng trading town of Afia, in the Eaft- Indies, on the E. coafl of the iHand of Java, and capital of the territory of the fame name. Lon. 115. 30. E. lat. 7. 50. S. • BAtARwc,a fmalltownof France, in Languedoc, neir the great road from Mont- pellier to Touloufe ; famous for the baths near it. Ba L B A sTi 0, an epifv.opal town of Spain, in the kingdom of Arragon, and capital of a diflrtA of the fame name; feated on the river Vero, 42 miles N. E. of Saragofla, and zz S. E. of Haefca. Lon. c. 20. £. lat. 41. 50. N. B A L B E c, the ancient Helicpolis, a town of Afia, in Syria, at the foot of Mount Libanus. It is aereeably feated to the V. of the valley of Bucca, of a quadi angular form, and furrounded with a Arong wall, but tlie hoijfes very mean. On the £. fide are magnificent ruins, particularly thofe of the Aately temple dedicated to the fun. Jt has many tei^imonies of its former grandeur, and fome of the Aones of the walls are up- wards of 20 yards in length, four in breadth, and four in depth. It is chiefly inhabiied by chriftians of the Greek church, and lies 37 miles N. of Damafcus, and 45 E. of Baruth. Lon. 37. 30. E. lat. 33. 25. N. Balch, a town of Ulbeck Tartsry. in Afia, and capital of a territory of the fame name, lying on the frontiers of Ferfia, loo miles S. of Bochara. Lon, 65. 20. £. lat. j7. o. N. BAUDiviAf ofValdivia, a fea port B A L town of the province of Chili, in South America. It was built by the Sp.m (l\ general Baldivia, about the year 15^1, after he had conquered Chili. It belongs to the Spaniards, and Hands between the rivers Callacalles and Poriero, where they r.irll into the South Sea. Lon. 8u. 5, W. lat. 40. 5. S. BALDoc.a town in Hertfordlhire, with a maikct on Tl n i a > W S>i^ BAM fler ; it fends two members to parliament. Ballineixel, a town of Iieland, in Queen's County, in the province of Lein- flcr J fending two members to Parliament. HAtLisHANNQN, a large town of Ire- land, in the county of Donegal, with a good haven; iz miles S. £. of Kilbcg, and no N. W. of Dublin. Lon. 8. %$. W. lat. 54 »5.N. Baltic Sea, a great gulph between Germany and Poland; from which tun feveral other gulphs, particularly thofe of Bothnia, Finland, Livionia, and Dantzick. It is remaikahle that this fea neither ebbs »ior.ilow9, and there is always a current fets thi'otigh the Sound into the ocean. It h generally frozen over three or four months in the winter. Yellow amber is found on the coafl. Baltimore, a town of Ireland, in the county of Cork, and province of Mun Aer, with the title <^' Sarony. It is feated on a head-land v^i ..i runs into the fea, live milffs N. E. of Cape Clear. Lon. 9. 10. W. lat. 51. 15. N. * Baluclavo, or Jambol, a fea-port town of Crimea, on the Black Sea, where they build (hips for the Grand Seignior. It is 40 miles S. W. of Crim. Lon. 35. 13. E. lat. 44. 50. N. * Bamba, a province of Africa, in the kingdom of Congo, having a great number of monArous elephants, whofe teeth weigh 200 pounds each. The inhabitants are a fort of Chriftians, convened by the Portu- guefe. Bamberg, a large handfome, and cele- brated town of Germany, in Franconia, and capital of a bifhoprick of the fame name of confiderable extent. It was formerly imperial, but now fubje£t to the bifhop. The country about it produces plenty of corn, 'ruit, onions, and liquorice; and it has an univerfity, founded in 1585. It is feated at the confluence of the rivers Main and Rednitz, 30 miles N. ol Nuremburg. and 75 N. W. of Ratifbon. Lon. 10. 15. £ lat. 50. 10. N. * Ramberc, a town of Bonemia, feated on the foot of a mountain, 30 miles S. of Glatz. Lon. 16. 50. F.. lat, 49. ^'^. N. * Bamboit, or B.^ mbuck, a kingdom of Africa, in Negroland, in whicli are feveral gold mines ; but is litik known to the Europeans. Bamf, a capital town of the fhiie of Bamf, in the N. K. part of Scotland. It is feated at the mouth of the river Doverne', but has no harbour, and confequently little trade, except foi' corn an'4 falmon. It is 31 miles N. W. of Abctdeen, and xio N. BAN of Edinburgh. Lon. «. 5. W.lat. 15. 30. N. * Bamt, a (hire of Scotland, bounded on the S. by Aberdeenihire, on the N. by the bay of Cromarty, on the W. by Mur- ray, and on the E. by tbe German Ocean. It is 32 miles in length, and 30 in breaflth. It contains part of Buchan, Strathdovem, Boyn, Enzy, Strathawin, and Balveny. It fends one member to patliament. BamptoN, a town in Oxfordfhiie, with a market on Mondays, and a fair on Auguft 26, for horfes and toys. It is large, and feated near the river Ifis, but the maiket is fmall. It is 1 a miles S. W. of Oxford, and 66 W. by N. of London. Lon. 1. 30. W. lat. 51. 40. N. Bampton, a town in Devonfhire, with a market on Saturdays, and two fairs on VVhit-Tuefday, and Odlober 24, for cattle. It is feated in a bottom furrounded wiih hills^ and contains about 100 houfes, with a large church. It is 14 miles N. N. £. of Exeter, and 167 W. by S. of London. Lon. 4. 15. W. lat. 51. 5. N. * Banares, or Benares, a handfome and famous town of Afia, in the dominions of the Great Mogul, and kingdom of Ben- gal, with feveial handfome pagods, or pagan temples. It carries on a lar^e trade, and the inhabitants have a great veneration for the water of the river Ganges, when it is confecrated by their chief prieft. Great numbets flock from all parts of Afia to purchafe it, to the great advantage of tie brachmans. Here the people of the religioa of the bramins have the moft confiderable fchools in thefe parts It is feated on tite N. fide of the river Ganges, 60 miles W. N. W. ofPatna. Lon. 82. 30. E. lat. 26. 20. N. Banbury, a town of Oxfordfhire, with a matket onThutfdays, and feven fairs ; on the Thurfday alter January 17, for horfes cows, and fheep ; on the firft Thuifday in Lenr, for the fame and filh ; on Holy Thurfday, June 13, and Auguft 12, for horfes, cows, and flieep ; on Thurfday after Oftcber ro, for hiring fervants ; and on Oi^ober 29, for cheefe, hops, and cat- tle. It is a large well built mayor-town, containing feveral good inns, and its mar- kets are well ferved with piovifions. It is the fecond town for beauty in the county, and f.ated on the river Charwell, The houfes are penerally built with Aone, and the church is a larce handfome ftru£lure. It has been long noted for its cakes and cheefe, and is 1 7 miles W. N. W. of Buck- ingham, and 77 N. W. of London, it I fends one member to parliainent. Lon. i. [ 20. W. lat. 52. 5. N. Banca Mat. 15. 30. N. •tiand, bounded , on the N. by he W. by Mur- German Ojean. I 30 in breadih. , Strathdovern, id Balveny. It nent. Krordfhire, wilh I fair on Auguft It is large, and It the market is of Oxford, and ^on. I. 30, W. svonfhiie, with d two fairs on r 24, for cattle, rrounded with o houfes, with les N. N. E. of S. of London. S. IS, a handfome the dominions ngdom of Ben- le pagods, or a larvie trade, reat veneration anges, when it prieft. Great ts of Afia to vantage of the of the religion ft confiderable feated on the 60 miles W. o. E. lat. 26. )rdrtiire, with ven fairs ; on 7, for horfes : Thutfday in on Holy guft 12, for >n Thurfday rvantsj and ps, and cat- nay or- town, nd its mar- fions. It is the county, ■well. The ftone, and le ftrudlure. cakes and V.of Buck- ondon. Jt t. Lon. I. I Banc A BAR Banca, an ifland of Afia, in the Eaft- Indies between Sumatra and Borneo, with a town and ftreight of the fame ni»me. Lon. 105. 10. E. lat. 2. 5. S. Banc A LIS, a fea port town on the E. coaft of the ifland of Sumatra, in the king- dom of Achem, wheie the Dutch have a fettlement. It is 1 30 miles W. of Malacca. Lon. 99. 7. E. lat. i. 5. N. Bancock, a town of Afia, In the king- dom of Siam, in the Ea(l- Indies, with a fort, which was once in the poiTuCTwa of the French, but they were drove from thence in 1688. The houfes are made of canes, and covered with palm leaves. The in- habitants are almoft naked, and havinr no furniture in their houfes, are contented to fit on the floor. It is 17 miles N. of the fea, and 40 S. of Siam. Lopt loi. 5. E. lat. 13. 25. N. Banda, the chief of the Banda-iflands, in the Eaft-Indian Sea j famous for produ- cing nutmegs. They are all very fmall, the largefl being fcarce 20 miles in length. Thefe iflands have always been efteemed on account of thefe fpices. The Dutch have feveral forts here ; for from the year 1609 they have had pofleflion of it, and drove the natives, as well as the Englifli, away j Aill keeping this valuable trade in their own pofllfHon. Thefe iflands are very fubjeft to earthquakes, and Banda is 75 miles S. E. of Amboina. Lon. 128. 5. E. lat. 4. 30. S. Bander Abassi. See Gombroon. Bander Congo, a fmall fea -port town of Afia, in Perfia, feated on the Perfian gulpb, 100 miles W. of Gombroon. Lon. 54. 50. E. lat. 27. o. N. Ban DOR A, the capital town of the idand of Salfet, on the W. coaft of the peninfula on this fide the Ganges. It is feparated from the ifland of Bombay, by a narrow channel, and fubjeA to the Portuguefc. Lon. 72. 30. E. lat. 19. o. N, Ba N G H I R , a town of Ireland, in King*8 County, and in th.^ province of Leinf^er, feated on the river Shannon, 15 miles S. of Athlone. Lon. 8. 5. W. lat 53. 10. N. Bangoh, an cpifcopal city of Carnar- vonfhire, in North Wales. It has a mar- ket on Wednefdays, ard three fairs, on April 5, June 25, and Obober 2?, all for cattle. This place was fo confiderable in ancient times, that it was called Bangor the Great, and defended by a ftrong caftle. Its fituation is low ; the principal buildings are the cathedral, and the bifliop's palace; it is 36 miles W. of St. Afaph, and 236 N. W. cf London. Lon. 4. 10. W. lat. 53.20. N. Ban COR, a town of Ireland, in the BAR county of Down, and province of Ulfter 5 is fends two members to pailiament, and is feated on the S. ihote of the bay of Ca- rickfcrgus, over againfl the town of that name. Lon. 6. o. W. lat. 54. 42. N. Banians, a religicus fedl of Afia, in India, whofe proteflbrs never eat any thing that has life. They are difperfed all over the Eaft, being the greatefl merchants in the world, .ind may, in fome fenfc, be compared to the Jews in other parts. There is fcarce a merchant in the Eafl- Indies but has one of thefe Banians to take care of his accounts. They believe the tranfmigration of fouls, and think cleannefs of the body a confiderable part of fandlity. They marry their children very young, feldom ftaying till they are 12 years of age. Ban jar, a river in the ifland of Borneo, in the £a(l-Indies, in the mouth of which there is a town, where our Eaft-India com- pany bave a fa^ory. Bankish, a province of Afia, in the dominions of the Great Mogul, and in the N. part of the peninfula on this fide the Ganges. Banks or Nbwfovndland, are well known for the great fifliery carried on there. They are fo frequented by moft of the European nations, that 4 or 500 fail of fliips are loaded with cod-fifli here every ye.ir ; and the feafon continues from the fpring to the autumn. That which is called the Great Bank is the largeft flioal of fand yet known in the ocean j but not at all dan- gerous. Bantam, a large town of Afia, in the Eafl. Indies, and the moft powerful of the ifland of Java, being capital of a kingdom of the fame name, with a good harbour, and a fortified caftle. It is divided into two towns, feparated by a river, and one of them inhabited by Cliinefe. The Englifli and Danes had fa£lories here till 1682, when they were forced away by the in- trigues of the Dutch. The only produce is pepper, of which the Dutch export vaft quantities every year, they being the only Europeans that have footing t .re j and are fo powerful, that they have depofed the kings of the ancient race, and fuffer nothing to be done in this kingdom but what they pleafe. It is feated on the N. W. coaft of the ifland. Lon. 105. t6. T. lat. 6. 20. S. Bantrv, a town of Ireland, in the county of Cork, and province of Munfter. It is feated on a bay of the fea, to which it f^ives its name, in the S. W. part of the k'ni»dom.- Lon. 9 1 5. W. lat. 51. 30 N. • Ban WELL, a village in Somerfetffiire, five miles N. W. of Axbridge, with two H » •■ • :* t f-- • • • ' ■ fair,^ BAR fairs, on January 18, and July 18, f»r cat- lie, Hiee]), and clieefe. • Bafaume, a ftrong town «f France, of Artois, in the French NetheiUnds. It lias been in poHefTion of tl«e French ever fince 1641, and is featcd on a dry fpot, ii miles S. £. of Arras. Lon. 3. i- £. lat. 50. 6,N. Bar, a very ftrong town of Poland, in Fodolia, feattd on the; river Kiow, 30 miles W. of Brtflau. Lon. 28. 30. £. lat. 50. 6. N. Bar, a narrow pafs of Italy, in the val- ley of Aouft, which commands the pafTage cut of that valley into Piedmont. Bar-lx-mont, a town of the French Netherlands, in Hainhalt, feated on the river Sqmbre, 15 miles S. of Mons. Lon. 3. 40 £. lat. 50. 10. K. Bar, or the Barrois, a confiderable territory of France, lying on both fides the river Meufe, er Matfe, between Lonaln and Champagne. It was given to king Staniflaus, in 1736, on condition that it ^lould return to France after his death. Bar lk Doc, a capital town of the duchy of Bar, with a handfome cal\le ; it is divided into the upper and lower town ; the latter is watered by the rivulet Oi ney, in which are very fire trouis. The wine Jtere is excellent, and as deliiate as Cham- pagne. It is feated on the fide of a hill, ;;o miles W. of Toul, and 138 E. of Paris, Lon. 5. 30. £. lat. 4S. 35. N, BarsurAubf, an ancient town of Fiance, in Champagne, capital of the vil l.ige, where there is very good wine. It is feated at the foot of a mountain, 20 miles S. W. of Joinville. Lon. 4, 50, E. lat. 4.8. J 4. N. Barsur Seine, a town of France, in Burgundy, and in a bailiwick of the fame name. It is 20 miles S. W, of Bar-fur- Aube, and 105 S. £, of Paris. Lon. 4, 30. E. lat. 48. 5. N. Bar acoa, a fcaport town of America, in the N E. part of the iHand of Cuba, ; 50 miles. N E. of St. J.igo de Cuba. Lon. 76. JO. W. lat. 21. o, N. Baranco de MAI.A^4Bo, a town of Americi, in the province of St. Manha, in Terr.i Firma, with a bilhop's fee, and a good harbour. It is a place of great trade, and feated on the river Magdalen, 7 5 miles N, of Carthagena. Lon. 75. 30. W, lat. ■ I. o. N, Baramwahr, a fmall town of Lower Hungary, in a county of the fame name. Jt was taken from the Turks by thu em- pernr in 1684, and is fcate^ on tiie rivAilet CioJo, near tl e Danube j 15 miles N. W. ot BAR EfTcck, and 90 N. W. of Belgracfe, fubjeft to the houf; of Auftria. Lon. to. 5. W. lat 46. o. N. BAKBAnoFS, the eaftermofl of the Windward Iflands, in America j it is in general a level country, though not without hills, and 25 miles in length, and 15 in breadth. It had formtrly a good deal of wood, but is now almofl all confumed with carrying on the fugar-works. The commodities which they export are fugar, rum, cotton, indigo, and ginger ; and they ha»e moft of the fruits common to the cli- mate. A college has been built here by Col, Codrington and other benefaflors j but it has not anfwered the intention of the founders. The number of the white in- habitants aie about 2c,ooo, who have 100,000 negro flaves. They have no manufafluies, ner do they breed many cittls 5 leceiving moft of their corn, cattle, fief!), and faltcd fifh, from our colonies, in Morth America ; and their deaths and fur- niture from England. They are fubjeA to hurricanes in July and Augu(l ; but not fo much as in the other Caribbees; and it is tlie moft healthy ifland of any in thefe parts, becaufe, unlefs when there is a hurricane, they have r/iways tite advantage of a con- ftant eaAerly wind, commonly called the trade- wind. The fugar that is brought to England from hence is whiter and finer than that of any other plantation } and they have one particular produdlion, called Barbadoes iar, which rifes out of the earth, and fwims upon the furface of the water. It is of grtat ufe it the dry belly-ach, and in liifeafes of the breaft. It is 70 miles E. of the ifland of St. Vincent, and 90 S. E, of Martinico The capital town is St. Michael, or Bridge-town, which lies in Lon. 59. z. W. lat. 13. 5. N. Bar BAR Y, a brge country of Africa, included between the Atlaniic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, .ind Egypt, extending itfelf along the fca fhore on the fide of tht Mediterranean, However, fome reckon that it e.\tends fouthward as far as Negro- land, but very improperly. It includes the kingdoms of Kaica, Tripoly, Tunis, .Algiers, Fez, and Morocco 3 and is near 2000 mile$ in length, and in fome places 750 in breadth. It was known to the ancients by the name of Mauriania, Nu- midia, Proper Africa, and Libya. It is the bed country in all Africa, except Egypt j and fertile in corn, maize, wine and fruits j particularly citrons, manges, figs, al- monds, olives, dates, and melons. Their ohief trade confifts in the fale of their fruits, in the horfe3 called barbs, Morocco leather, oArich- 111 i:^ BAR BAR lelgrieft, fubjeft t, extending ihe fide of tht |fome reckon far as Negro- It includes |poIy, Tunis, and is near fome places lown to the kiania, Nu- [ibya. It is :cept Egypt} le and fruits ; figs, al- :'ns. Their : their fruits, 3CC0 leather, oArich- oftnch-featbers, indigo, wsx, tin, and ' Jupiter Ammon was feited, fo difTieuU 0' coral. The rdgiiing religion is ilie Ma- accefs on account of the but ning fands. hometan, and there a:e feme Jews j but vW no ctiriftians, except the (laves Bar BE, St. a town of New Bifcay, in Mexico, near wliich are rich liivir mines. It is joo miles N. W. of Mexico. Lon. 109. 55. W. lat. 26. o. N. • Bab B EC INS, a territory ot Africa, over againft Cape Verd. Barbebino, a town of Italy, in Tu(- cany ; fcated at the foot of the Apennine mountains, on the river Sieva, 12 miles S. of Florence. Lon. la. 15. £• la'- 43* 40. N. *BARBETS,the name of the inhabitants of feveral valleys in Piedmont } particu- larly thofe of Lucern, Angrona, Perufa, and 9t. Martin. *Barbezieux, a towrn of France, in Saintonge, with the title of a marquifate j it has a manufaflure of linen cloth, and lies 37 miles from Bourdeaux. Lon. o. 5. W. lat. 45. 23. N. * Barbonm, a town of France, in Champagne, and generality of Cha'. ^ns. • BARBORA,a maritime town of Africa, in the kingdom of Adel, on the ftreight of Babel Mandel. The inhabitants are negroes, and feed abundance of cattle. There is alfo an ifland of this name in the Red Sea, to the W. of the bay of Barbora. Lon. 47. 2. £. lat. 10. 45. N. Barbuda, a Caribbee ifland in A- raerica, belonging to the En^lifli, about 20 miles long, and i» broad. The natives apply themfelves chiefiy to the breeding of c9tle, and furnifhing the neigiibouring iflands with provifions. It is the property of the Codringtcn family, who have great numbers of negroes, as well here as in Barbadoes. It is low land, but fruitful, and pretty populous, the inhabitants being addicted to < ufliandry, and fowing corn, for which they have always a good market in the fuear-illands, as well as for their caftle. Lon. 61. 3. W, lat. 18. 5. N. • Barbusinskoy, a town of Afia, in the empire of Ruflia, fcated on the eadern fhoie of the Lake Baikal, at the mouth of the fmall river Barbufu;^a. *B.^rby, a town of Germany, in Up- per Saxony, and c.ipital of a county of that name, with a cnHle. It is feated on the river Elbe, and belongs to the prince of Sax-WeilFcnfcls. Babca, a large country of Africa, lying on the S. coaft of the Mediterranean Sea, becween Tripoli and Egypt. It is a barren defart, and inhabited by none but wander- ing Arabs, who ;ire in fome fenfe fubjeft to the Turks. Here the famous umple of Barcelona, a handfomt-, large, rich, • and rtiong city of Spain, in Catalonia, of which it is the capital, witli a bifhop's fec^ and a good haibour. It is feated on a flns plain, along the (hore of the McditerraneaA Se3, of an oblong form, containing about 1 5C00 houfes. It is defended by a fort, or citadel, called Mont Joy, which Hands on • rocky mountain, near a mile to th« W. of the town. It has double walls on the N. and£. and thefea on theS. with a mole running out for the fecurity of (hips. It ia divided into the new and old town, feparat- ed from each oiher by a wall and a ditch. There are feveral beautiful ftreets and fquares, which are very clean, and paved with large fiag-Hones. It is the feat of a viceroy, and has a fine univerfity, befides an inquifition. It is adorned with feverat handfome AruAuret; and the cathedral church,which is large, has two lofty towers. The palace of the viceroy is much admired, and the arfenal contains arms for feveral thoufandmen. There is an exchange where the merchants meet, and a yard with docki to build galleys in. The palace where the nobility meet i s built with large hewn ftones, and adorned with marble pillars. It is a place of grea: trade, and they havehoufes where they make curious works in glaft. The knives are likewife in great reputation, as well as the blankets, which are greatly ufed in France. The inhabitants are la- borious and polite, and the women hand- fome, lively, and free in their converfation* It has been feveral times taken and retaken by different nations, and, in 1705, Lord Peterborough got poiTefiion of it,' after a fiege of three weeks. In 1706, Philip V, invefted it with a numerous army ; but Sir John Leake raifed the fiege. In I7i4» it was taken, after a long fiege, by the French and Spaniards, when it was deprived of all its privileges, and the citadel built to keep it in awe. It is feated in a very plea* fant fruitful country, watej-ed by fprings and rivulets, and full of villages, 250 miles C.of Madrid. Lon. 2. 5.E. lat. 41.26.N* Barcclonxtta, a town of France, in the government of Dauphiny, and the capital of the valley of its own name. It was ceded to France by the treaty of Utrecht, and is ten miles £. of Embrun* Lon. 6. 40. £. lat. 44. 16. N. Bakcelok, a town of Afia, in the Eafl-Indies, on the coaft of Malabar; it is a Dutch fadlcry, where they carry on a confiderabie trade in pepper : 130 miles S. ofCoa. Lon. 74. 15. £. lac. 13 45- N. BAR Barcikos, a town of Portugal in the province of EntreMinho and Douro, on the river Sourilla, 25 miles N. of Porto. Lon. 7. o. W. lar. 41. 20. N. * Bar DA, an ifland of Ada, on the coaft of Malabar, a littletotheN. of the city of Goa. It is very populous, abounds with cocoa-nuts, and belongs to the Por- tuguefe. Bardiwicx, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and duchy of Lunenburg ; formerly a very large place, butbeing ruined, in .>^9, by the duke of Saxony, it has never yet recovered itfelf. Itisfeated on the river Ilmenau, 17 miles S. E. of Hamburg, Lon. 10. 6.E.Jat. 53. 40. N. * Bardfkild, a village in EfTex, four miles E. of Thaxflead, with one fair, on June az> for cattle and toys. * Bardouk, an abbey of France, in the diocefe of Aufch. It is of the Ctdercian order, and is worth 8000 livres a year. Bardt, a ftrong and rich town of Ger- many, in the duchy of Pomerania, with a caftle, and a fpacious harbour, fubjedl to the Swedes, and feated near the Baltic Sea, 12 miles £. by N. of Stralfund. Lon. 13. SO, E, lat. 54, 23. N. * Barecs, a village of France, in the county of Bigorre, eight miles from Bag- niers ; famous for its mineral waters. BARXiTH,atownofGermany,inFran- conia, in ^he margravate of Culembach, with a famous college, belonging to the margrave of Brandenburg-Rareiih. It is J 5 miles S. E. of Culembach, and 15 £. of Bamberg. Lon. 11. 50. £. lat. 50.0. N. *Barentcn, a town of France, in Lower Normandy, and in the diocefe of Auvranche, near the fource of the river Ardee. BARFLKVR,a town of France, in Nor- mandy, in the Cotentin. It wa« ruined by the Englifli in 1 346, and the harbour filled upi The cape of that name is iz miles I. of Cherburg ; and near it part of the navy of France was deftroyed in 1692. It is 175 ""'1^^ ^' ^' ^'^ ^'"^' ^<'"' '■ ^' W. lat. 49. 40. N. Bar I, a very handfome and rich town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, the capital of Terra di Bari, and an archbifhop's fee. It is feated on the gulph of Venice, well fortified, and had formerly a §ood hatbour, which was deftroyed by the Venetians. It is 20 miles E. of Trani. Lon. 17.40. E. lat. 41. 31. N. * BARi,or TtRRADi Bar I, a territory of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, bound ed on the N. by the Capitanata, on the N. BAR W. by the Ulterior Principato, on tlit S. by the Bafilicata, on the S. E. by the Terra d'Orranto, and on the N. E. by the gulph of Venice. It has no confiderable river, except the Ofanto, which feparates it from the Capitanaia. The air is temperate, and the foil fertile in corn, fruit, and faffron ; but there are a great number of ferpents, and fpiders, called tarantulas. Bari is the capital town. Barjols, a fmall populous town in Provence, 19 miles from Riez. Lon> 5. 23, E. lat. 43. 35. N. * Barkan, a fmall town of Hungary, near the bridge of Gran, famous for two vidories gained by the Chridians over the I'urks J the one in 1664, and the other in 1683. Barkhamstkad, a town of Hertford- (hire, with a market on Mondays, chiefly for malt, and three fairs, on Shrove Mon- day, and Whit- Monday, for cattle; and on St. James's-day, for cheefe. It had formerly a ftrong caftle built by the Nor- mans, and has now a good free-fchool, founded by John Incent, dean of St. Paul's. It is II miles W. of St. Alban's, and aS N. W. of London. Lon. o, 35. W. lat. 51. 49. N. Barking, a town of EHex, with a market 00 Saturday, and one fair, on Octo- ber 22, for horfes. It is feated on the river Roding, not far from the Thames, in an unwholefome air. It has been chiefly noted for a large monaftery, now in ruins, there being nothing left ftanding but a fmall part of the walls, and a gate-houfe. It is eight miles E. of London. Lon. o. i3.£> lat. 51. 30. N. Barklky, a town in Gloucefterlhire, with a market on Tuefdays, and one fair on April 14, for cattle and hogs. It is feated on a branch of the river Severn ; and formerly was of fome note for a nun- oery ; ani has ftill the title of a barony. It is 18 miles J W. of Gloucefter, and 1 1 1 W. by S . of Lon ^on. Lon. 2. 30 . W. lac. 51. 40. N, Barkway, a town in Hertfordfhire, which had formerly a market on Fridays, and has ftill one fair, on July 20, for pedlars ware. It is on the great road from Lon- don to York, 18 miles S. of Cambridge, and 3 5 N. of London. Lon. 0. 5. \V. lar. 52. o. N. Barlkmont, a town of the French Netherlands, in Hainhalt, feated on the river Sombre, nine miles S. W. of Mau- beuge. Lon. 3. 45. E. lat. 50. 10. N. B4RLETTA, a handfjme and ftrong town of Italy, in tic kingdom of Naples, A- ■I ■<''r ato, on (lie S, E. by the Terra . by the gulph iderable river, parates it from temperate, and i, and Taifron j er of ferpents, >. Pari is the lous town in .iez. Lon« 5. n of Hungary, nous for two kians over the d the other in 1 of Hertford- ndays, chiefly Shrove Mon- r cattle; and :efe. It had t by the Nor- d free-fchoof, of St. Paul's, in's, and iS ). W.lat. 51. flex, with a air, on 0£^o. [ated on the Thames, in been chiefly ow in ruins, butafmair loufe. It is n.o. 13. E. JcefterOiire, nd one fair ags. It is Severn j for a nun- 1 barony. ', and 1 1 f o. W.lat. tford/hire, Fridays, or pedlars rom Lon- mbridge, i. W. lar. French on the 3f Mau- N. ftrong Naples, and BAR and in the Terra di Bari, with a bifliop's fee. It is feated on the gsjlph of Venice, a little to the S. of the river Ofanto, 15 miles W. of Bari. Lon. 16. 32. E. lat. 41. 30- N. Barnard Castt-x, a town in the county of Durham, with a market on Wedncfdays ; and hree fairs, on Eader- Monday, Wednefday in Wliitfun-week, and July 85, for cattle, horfcs, and flieep. It is feated in a bottom, on the river Tees, is indifferently large, and has a manufacture of Aockings ; 30 miles S. W. of Durham, and 153 N. N. W. of London. Lon. i. 45. W. lat. 54. 35. N. Barnaveldt, an ifland of South Ame- rica, in tiie Streights of Magellan, to the S. of Terra del Fuego, difcovered in 1616. Lon. 78. 10. W. lat. 56. xo.S. Barnbt, a town partly in Middlefex and partly in Hertfordshire, with a market on Mondays, and three fairs, on July 24 and 25, for toys; on OAober 18 and 19, for £ngii(h, Welch, and Scotch cattle ; and on Augufl 24, a 5, 26, forhorfes, cows, and checfe. It is a great thoroughfare town, well provided with good inns, and the market very remarkable for hogs. It is IX miles N. W. of London. Lon. o. 5. W. lat. 51. 4z. N. Barniliy, a town in the W. Riding of Yorkshire, with a maiket on Wednesdays, and two fairs, on May iz, and October 10, for horned cattle and horfes ; feated on the fide of a hill, and has a manufadlure of wire. It is commonly called Black Barn f- ley, and is 53 miles N. by W of Notting- ham, and 175 N. W. from London. Lon. I. 20. W. lat. 53. 35. N. Barnstable, a fea-port town of De- vonfliire, with a market on Fridays, and three fairs on September 19, Friday before April 21, and the fecond Friday in Decem- ber, for iiorned cattle. It is a corporation- town, and fends two members to parlia- ment ; is feated on the river Tau, over whieh there is a good bridge, and the market is large for cattle, corn, and pro* virions. It is 38 miles N. N. W. of Exe- ter, and 194 W. of London. Lon 4. 5, W, lat. 51. 15. N. Barochi, atownof Ali\ in the domi- nions of the Great Mogul, in the province of Cambaya. It is a wal-led town, feated on a rifing groun !, on the banks of the river Nerdaba, and was formerly a place of great trade. It is now inhabited by weavers, and fuch mechanics as manufacture cotton- cloth ; and the balsas made here are the bed in ail India, becaufe they have tliebeft Potton in the woild. The Englilh and B A S Dutch formerly had faAories here, which are nnw abandoned. It is 60 miles N. of Suiat. Lun. 71. 5. E. lat. 2z. 15. N. Bar RAD A, a defart of Siberia, in Alia, between the rivers Irtifch and Ob. There are no trees ; but in fome places good land, which might turn to account if there were any inhabitants. * Bar RAY, one of the weftern illes of Scotland, Ave miles in length, and three ia breadth, rocky on the £. fide, and arable land on the W. There is plenty of cod and ling near this idand ; and feveral fmall fhips from Orkney come hither in fummer, and return laden with the flfli. Lon. 6. 30. W. lat. 56. 55. N. Barr Avx, a fortrefs of Dauphiny, be- longing to France. It ftands at the en- trance of the valley of Grefivaudan, and was built by a duke of Savoy in 1597. It was taken by the French in 1598, who have kept it ever fince. It is feated on the river Ifer, eight miles E. of Chamberry. Lon. 4. 35. E. lat. 4$. o. N. Bartholemew, St. one of the Carib- bee Idands in America, 20 miles N. of St. ChriHopher's, and fubjeClto the French, who fent a colony herein 164S ; it is about 20 miles in circumference, and has a gooJ harbour. Lon. 52. 16. W. lat. 18. 6. N, * B A r ton, a town in Lincolnfhire, with a market on Saturdays, and a fair, on June tp for (heep. It is feated on the river Humber, where there is a confiderable ferry to pafb over into Yorkshire, of confiderable advantage to the town, which Is a large ftraggling place, 35 miles N. of Lincoln, and 163 N. of London. Lon. o. 10. W. lat. 53. 40. N. * Bar UTK, an ancient town of Turky, in Syria, with a Chriftian church of the Ntftorian perfuaiion. It is inconfiderable now to what it was formerly, though it it feated in a fine fettile foil, 20 miles N. E. of Seyda. Lon. 34. 20. E. lat. 33. 30. N. nASARTscHicx,a confidetable town of Turky, in Europe, and in Romania. It i« pretty well built, and the Areets clean and broad ; has a great trade, and feated on the river Meritz. Lon. 14. 40. £. lat. 41. 49. N. Basil, Basle, or Balk, the capital of the canton of Bafil, in Swifierland. It is a large, rich, populous city, with a bifliop'e fee, and a famous univerfity. It is divided into two parts by the river Rhine ; the larged of which is on the fide of Swiflerland, and the leaft on that of Germany ; but they are joined together by a handfome bridge. The larger has five gates, fix fuburbs, ate (Ireets, fix large fquares, and 46 fountains, and li B A 5 •ltd U partly feated on a hill. Th« iefTer Aands in a plain, and has but two gates, with feveral ftreets and fountains. The town-houfe, and fine paintings in fiefco, particularly the pidlure done by Holbein, which reprufcnts tiie palfion of Chrid, are much admired by travellers. The library contains a prodigious number of books, as well in manufcript as printed : and there is a rich colleflion of medals, among which there arte feveral exceeding fcarct. The doeks here always go an hour too fad, be- «aufe t')ey did fo on the day appointed to miT'.'si- ttie magiflrates, by which the con- fF:rac^ was difconcerted. This town is furrounded wirh tl)ick walls, flanked with towers and baf^ions^ and yet it is not a ilrong place. The art of making paper is faid to have been invented here. It is 175 miles N. by W. of Geneva, and 250 £. by S. of Paris. Lon. 7. 36. E. lat. 47. 40. N. Basilic AT A, a territory of Italyi in the kingdom of Naples, abounding in corn, wine, oil, cotton, honey, and fafTron ; Cirenza is the capital town . It lies between the Capitanata, Citerior Calabria, Terra di Bari, and the gulpli of Taiento. • Basiligoroi), a town of the RuiTian empire, in the Mufcovite Tartary, fuatcd OD the right fide of the river Wolga, at its confluence with the Sura. • Basilipotamo, a riverofTurky, in ^Europe, in the Morea, which falls into the (ulph of Calochina. It was called Eurotas hy the ancients. U Basiluzzo, an in.)nd of the Tufcan Sea. It is one of thofe caiied Lipari, and is fMt above two miles in circumfeunce } and without inhabitants. Basingstokk, a town in Hampfhire, »»lth a market on Wednefdays, and two fairs; Wednefday in Whit-fun week, for trifling matters ; and on Oif^ober 10, for cattle and hiring fei vants. There are alfo 'wn by the many riegt.-;> it has fultamed ; but its fortifications are now demn'.ifhed. It is feated on a canal which luns to I^eule i3 miles S. W. of Lifle, and ten N. of Airas. Lon. 3. o. £. lat. 50. 53. N. Basse Txrrb, partof the iOand of St. Chridopher's, formerly occupied by the French, till yielded to Great Britain by the tieaty of Utrecht, in 1713. St. Chrifla»> pher's is one of the Caribbee iflands. Bassicnana, a village of Italy, in the duchy of Milan, feated at the confluence of the rivers Po and Tanaro, famous for « battle fought near it on November z$, i745> Bassigni, a ffnall territory of France, partly in Champagne, and partly in Barrois, of which Chomonte is the capital. It it extremely fertile in all things neceflary (ox life, and has plenty of wood. Bast I A, a fea port town of Albany, in European Tu^'ky, overagainft the ifland of Corfu, at the mouth of the river Ca- lamu. Lon. 10. 3$. E. lat. 39.40. N. Bast I A, the capital of the ifland of Corfica, with a good harbour, a flrong caAle, and a biihop's fee. It was taken by the English and.the male-contents in 1745 ; but it was retaken by the Genoefe Tome time afterwards. It is feated on the eaft- ern part of the coad, eight miles E. of Florenzo, 100 S. by £. of Genoa. Lon. 9. 42. E. lat. 42. 35. N. Bastimentos, fmall iflands near Terra Firma, in S. America, at the mouth of the bay of Nombre de Dios, with a fort, and a good I ubour. In one of thefe there is an excellent fpring, and the country is good, and inhabited by the American natives, tri- buYary to Porto-Bello. Bastion of FKANCZ.a fortrefs on the coafl of Barbary, in the kingdom of Tunis, where there is a confiderable fifhery for coral ; the country produces corn, leather^ wax, and horfes ; it belongs to France. Bastiogne, a fmall town of the N«« thei lands, in the duchy of Luxemburg, ao miles N. W. of Luxemburg, fubjeA to the houfe of AuAria* Lon. 6, 0, £. lat. 50. 10. N., BAi' lie ifland of St. upied by the Britain by the St. ChriAo. e i/lands. >( Italy, in the he confluence , famous for « ibera5, '745. >rj ofFrance^ ■tJy in Barroit, :apital. It it i nece/Tary for I. of Albany, in ift the iHand he 39- river Ca- 40. N. the ifland of a flrong was taken by nts in 1745 ; enoefe fome on the eaft< miles £. of lenoa. Lon. near Terra nouth of the fort, and a e there is aa try is good, natives, trl« trefs on the n of Tunis, fifliery for rn, leather, France. of the Na> uxemburg;, fubjeA to 0. £. lat. BA3< BAT * BA«vitt«, a fea-port town of the ifland of Martinico, built by the French. * Batacala, a fmali kingdom of the Ea(i Indies, on the coal\ of Malabar. It had a very large rown of the fame name, Aanding on a little river about four miles from ths fea j but there is now nothing Icit wortl> nocice, except 10 or 1 1 rm;«ll pagocU, covered with copper and ftone. The country produce* a good deal of pepped j and the Englifli had a factory here, till murdered by the natives, becaufe an Ent^liih bull-dot; had killed .1 confecrated cov.v. Batacala, aforcified town and caAle, on tlie E. coaft of Ceylon, in 'he Eafl- Indiei: The Dutch drove away tlie Portu- guefe, and pofleflld part of this country. Lon. 81. J. E. lat. 7. 55. N. * Bat/iseck, a town of Lower Hunga- ry, feated upon the Danube, 70 miles S, of Buda.Lon. 19. 50. £. lat. 46. 30. N. Batavia, a handfome, large, and very Arong town of Afia, in the ifland of Java, and kingdom of Bantam ; the capital of all the Dutch fettlements and colonies in the Eaft Indies. The fort, or citadel, is built at a little diflance from the town, of Hone, brought from Europe. Befides this, they have other forts about the cit>, to de fend it from all inful:s. In general the placets very beautiful, and buiit with white Aone; and they have canals in the principal meets, planted on each fide wi;h ever- gteen trees. Batavia contains a prodigious number of inhabitants, of every nation and country in tiiefe parts ; particularly a great number cf Chinefc, till many thoufands of them weremaflacred in cold blood in 1741, and their'Wealthconfifcated by the Dutch. It is the refidencc of the general governor of all the Dutch colonies in the Eaft Indies, who continues but three years, and is re- placed by another, frnt by the United Pro- vinces. It has a handfome hcfpital and arfenal ; and all the jioods brought from other parts of the Eaft Indies are laid up here tili they are exported to tlw places of their deftination. There is always a fleet here, fufficient to maintain their power inthefe parts, and hinder othernations from molefting their trade, particularly in fpices, which they have all to themfelve*. The harbour is excellent, and feated on tlie N. E. part of the ifland, S.E. of Sumatra, and N, W, of Borneo. Lrn. 105. 5. E. lat. 6. 10 S. Bath, a town or city of Somerfetfliire, with the title of an earldom, and two markets on Wednefdays and Saturda>8,and two fairs on February 3, and June 29, for Wttle, It is famous for ita hot baths, which B A V draw every yeir a great number of polii* company, partly for the fake of recoverinj their healths, and partly for diveifion. It IS feated on the liver Avon, over which there is a handfone ftor.e bridt;c, in a bot- tom furrounded by rteep hilU. Of late years it has been adorned with very hand- fome public and private buildings, particu- larly a magnificent hcfpital for the benefit of the poor, who come thither for the fake of the waters. The fp'ings, or wells, are diftinguiflied by the names of the Crofs- Hath, the Hot bath, and the King's bath. It is iz milts E S. E of Briftol, and lof W. of London. Lon. z. 30. W. lat. 51, 27. N. •Hatha, Bath, orBACHiA,a town of Hungary, and capital of a county of the fame name, feated on the Danube j t8 miles E. of EfTeck, and 62 S. of Buda. Lon. 20. 40. E. lat 46 40. N. Batmonstfr, a t' wn of Hungary, in the county nf Baiii, feated on the £. bank of the river Danube. B A T T n , a to wn in the county of SufTcx, will) a market on Thurfday, and two faiii on Whitfun Monday, and November 22, for cattle, and pedlars ware. It is feated in a dirty part of the county, and famous for the decifivc viftory gained by William duke of Normandy, over Harold king of Englan'^, in i(.,66. It is 22 miles E. of Lewes, and 57 S. E.of London. Lon. o« 35. E. lat. 50. 55. N. Battenburc, a town of Dutch Cuel* derland, feated on che N. banks of the Meufe, almofl oppcfite to Ravenftein, ttn miles S. W. of Nimeguen. Lon. 5. 35. E. lat. 51. 45. N. * BATTi.EKietD, a village in Shrop- fhire, 5 miles N, of Shrewfbury, whero a viflory was gained by Henry IV. over the rebels under Henry Piercy, furnamed Hot- fpur. It has one fair on Auguft a, for horned cattle and fheepj is governed by a conftable, and confiAs of about 400 houfel and 1400 inhabitants It has a large church, and one long broad ftreet paved ; but no manufa^ory. *Batu6abcr, a town of Afia in the Eaft-Indies, feated on the S. part of the penlnfula of Malacca. Bavaria, a confiderable country of Germany, with the title of a duchy; bounded on the N. by Bob-:mia, and the Upper Palatinate ; on the £. by Auftria, the archbifl^oprick of Saltzburv, and the biihoprick of Paflfau ; on the S. by the bifhoprick of Brixen, and the Tyrol, and on the W. by the river Lech. It is about 115 miles in length from E. to W. and 87 1 in !iii h.i H i I'il n B A U in hrcadth fiom N. to S. The principal rivcit ar« tlie 'DAnuhr, tlio ln«, the Ifrr, and tte Lech. The air ii wholtfomc a»altzburg, the hil1io|irick of Fretfinpncn, lUanAw, and Raiidmn, and the duchy of Ncwburgt bounded on the E. flnd S. by the circle of Auflria, and on the W.and N. by the cticle of Franconi.i,Svvalii.i, and Rohe mia. The pslatin.iif of RAvaria is part of Nortgaw, and whofe capital is Amber^. Bavay, a little town of the province of Hainalt, in the French Netherlands, tn which the French retired after the terrible battle of Malplaquet, in 1709, wherein moie men weir killed than in any durint; that war. li is i miles S. W. of Malpla- quet, and la S. W.of Mons. Lon. 3. 45. £. iat. 50. a5.N. Baugi, a fmall town of France, in Anjou { famous for a battle foug;i that of a ciry. It is 3 ^ paces deep, 60 wifi% and is covered wirh a kind of a vaulted roof, from which water continu- ally drops. Tlere is alfo a fmall broi^k, frozen in fumme'', but not in winter, 'ard at the bottom are ftor.es that perfeftly re- fembie cardied citron-peel. When the peafants perceive a mill proceedintt fn.m the mouth of the cave, they aiecerMin it will rain the next day. Lon, 6. 20. £. iat. 47. l». N, /a BAY *nAtrMKN,or Bauman, a Give of Cera many, in Lower Saxony, about a milt from Wcrmiisciode, and 18 from Guflar, The entrance through a rock is fo narrow, that not above one perfon can pafs at a time. There are feveral paths in it, which tht peafaptK have dif\utbed in fearching for lh« hones of animals, which they fell for u»i« corns horns. Some think it reaches as far as Godar j but, be that as it will, it is cer- tain the (keletons of men have been found there of the common fize, who are fuppofed to have been loft in the turnings and wind* ings. Not far from the entrance is a broolc ■that falls from a rock, whofe water ia reckoned good for the ftone. Bausit, or Bavti^o, a fmsll hut im- portant town in the duchy of Courland, on the frontiers of Poland, with a (irong caAle built on a rock. It was taken by the Swedes in 1625, and by the RufTians in 1705, after a bloody battle between ihem and ihe Swedes. It is feated on the river Mufza, 1 5 miles F. of Mittaw. Lon. 14. 44. E. Iat. j6. 30. N. • Bautr V, or BAWT*T,a town in t'le W. Riding of YoiklTtire, on the holders of Nottinghamlhire, with a market on Satur- days, and two fairs on Holy Thurfday, and November %t, for cattle and horfes. It is three furlongs in lengih on the road from London to York, and has been long noted for mill-ftoncs and grind -Aones, I broOght hither by the river Idle, on which jit is feated. It is feven miles S. by E. of jDoncaner, and 147 N. of London. Lon. I. o. W. Iat. 53. »7. N. BArTXEN,orBvnissRN,a lonfiderable townof Germany, and capital of Upper Lufatia, fubjedl to the eleAor of Saxony, with a ftrong citadel. The proteftants at well as the papiOs have the freeexercife of their religion. It Aands on the river Sprehe, 30 miles E. of Drefden, and 65 N. of Prague. Lon. 14. 41. E. Iat. 51. 10. N. * Badx, a townof France, in Provence, with the title of a marquifate ; feated on a rock, at the top 6f which is a flrongcaAle; eight miles E. by N. of Aries. Lon. 5.^0. £. Iat. 43.42. N. * Baya, or Baja, a fmall town of Lower Hungary, in the county of Bath, feated near the Danube, 31 miles N.of Ef- fek. Lon. 19. 30 £. Iat. 46. 25. N. Baveux, a eonflderable town of France, in Norrh^ndy, and capital of BefTin, with a rich biihop's fe^. The cathedral church is arcoun'ed the fineA in that province ; i'« fcont and three hi^h Aeeples are faid to be the hid in France, tha« in the middle con- tains the town clock. There are y parilh ' churches . '^ 'V ^ kM ..■ti; , jicivf nfOtrm »bout « milt I from Guflar, ( it (o niirrow, n pafiataiiiQe. it, which iht irching for ih* ey fell for vi- reachei as far twill, it iscer- ivo been found 10 aic fuppofed ngiand wind' ince it a brook hofe water it • fmall hut im- of Courland, with a (irons as taken by the le RurTiani in between ihem ;d on the river iw. Lon. 34. a tnwn in r'lt the holders of rkft on Saiur- oly Thurfriny, le and horfes. I on the road ^as been long grind -Aonr!!, die, on which ts S. by E. of }ndon. Lon. a tonfiderable al of Upper r of Saxony, >roteftants at reeexercifeof river Sprehe, nd 65 N. of It. 51. 10. N, in Provence, ; feated on a flrongcaftlcj -on. 5.;o. E. tall town of )ty of Bath, tea N.of Ef. 25. N. rn of France, efTin, witli a ral church is rovince ; i's re faid to be middle c.>n- irc y parifh churches B A Z churchei in the town and fuhuibt, biTi lit fevtn coitvcAta, ihiee lor men, and fcui fur women. The inluhi'^n 1 .iie labo ivus, and addiited to trade. I' 1 reatcd on the river Aar, four miles from the r.nt^lilh ChanntI, .ind 140 W. by N. ol Paris. Lon. o. 3V W. laf. 49 16. N. • Rayon, a town ol hcince, in Lorrain, feated on the river Molelle, 11 niiick S of Nancy. Lon. 14. 4a. E. Ut. 4X. 30. N. • Ba VON, or Da VON A, a town (if Kim nee, in Calicia, feated on a Iniall itulph ot thct Atlantic ocrjn, about 11 rn.lcs from Tuy. It has a very corDtnodiouii h.trbour ; and tht country about it is ferule. Lon. 9, 30. W lat.43. 3. N. Ba YONNi, anepifcopal city Of Gafcony, in France; feated three milts from tht (k», It ih« confluence of the rivets Nivc utti Adour; the Arft wafhes its vvjIIs, and tlie fccond divide* it inio two uiiei|ual p.irtt : an cxcelltnt haibour renders (his towrt a place of great trade. In the fuburbs of Sr. Efprit is a bridge lea^iing to the (mailer part of the town, called Little Bayonnc, feparated from the other by the Nive ; by which velTcIs come up to the middle ol the BRA • DAzoriiR, t town of Frsnee, III Lower I'tich, feated «>n the river t'oitrun. • Ua 7 z A NO, a mountain of It.-tly, in tht kin»;rtom of N.iples, (itu.itc. kini$B. It is |6 miles Kl. of Brecknock, and 92 .S. of Chtffer. Lon 4. 10. W. lat. 52. 4. N. • Bkam iNSTiR, or Reminfler, a town in Doi fetfhire, with a mai ket on Thurfdays, and one fair on September 19, for horfcs, bull'xks, fhccp, and cheefe. It is a pretty place, feated on the river Bert, 15 milet W. N. W. of Dorchefler, and F33 W. by S. of London. Lon. x. 50. W. lat. 5a. 45. N. Dearalston, a fmall town in Devon- fhire, that had a marketon Thujfdays, now difufed ; nor has it any fairs ; but fends two members to parliament. It is 10 miles N. of Plymouth, and 10 1 W. by S. of London, Lon 4, 30. W. lat. 50. x^. N. Bearn, a province of France with the title of a principality }■ bounded on the E, by Bii^orre, on the S by Arragon, on ibt W. by Soule and a part of Lower Navarre, and on the N. by Proper Gafcony and Ar- ma|;nac. It is 40 miles in length, and 30 in breadth, and contains 484 towns and ,^ villages^ is fo populous, that, in 1695, the inhabitants amounted to 198,000; Pau it he capital' towh. The plains are pretty fertile, ti'pecially in partures, and the hills are loaded wittr vines. The people are l.»boTicu«, fober, aflive, and fodefiroui of ^ain, that vaA numbers go to weik ia Spsin every year, either to tili the ground, I * ge« M B £ A get in the liarvefl, or follow their occupa- tion* i for the Spaniards ihcmfelvci are vtry indulenc and la/.y. Beat, a town of France, in the county of Comminges, feated at the confluence of the rivers Garonne and Pique, 5 nities S. of St Bertrand. All the houfes arc built with m.iible, which is here nfiire common than free i^one. Lon. i. 6 W. lat. 4a. 50. N. * Bbaubec, an abbey of France, in Normandy, cig^it miles N. W. of Gournay. Dk.^ucairk, a town of France, in Low^r Lanj^uedoc, famrus for a fair kep ye.iily, on July 21. It is feated on the banks of the river Ulnne, i» mile* E. of Nifmes, and 12 S. W of Aviijnon. Lon. 5. 49. E. lat. 43. 39. N. Bp.aucb, a province of France, lying between the Ifle of France, Blafois, and <»rleannois. It is fo very fertile in whsit, that it is called t!ie granai y of Pai is j Char- trcs is the capital town. Beaufokt, a town of France, in An- Jou, with a caftic, near the river Authion. It carries on a great trade iq corn, and is feated 15 mileJ E. of Angers. Lon. c. 3. W. Lit. 47. 26. N. * Bkaufort, a village in France, in Champagne, with the tit^ on the river Oron, la miles N. cl Mcnftiers. Lon. 6.48. E. lat 45. 40. N. * B£AujEi',a f;iiall handfnme town of Fiance, formerly the capital of B^aujoLis, with a caftle famous tor its antiquity. Ii is ftated on tht- river Ardiere, at tlie foot of of a mountain, eight miles W. of Saone. Lon. 4. 40. £. lat 46. 9. N Beaujolois, a dirtrifl of France, bound- ed on the S. by proper Lionnois, on thflre, with the title of a barony, and a Benediftme ab- bey. The other is in Tuienne, on the liver Dordogne, with a Benediiftine abbey. Beaumaris, a town of Anglefea, in North Wales, wiih two markets, on Wed- B E A nefdayi and Saturdays; and four fairs, oa February 13, Holy Thurfday, September 19, and December 19, all for cattle. It Hands on the freight of Menay, and wai fortified with a cattle by Edward I. It i« governed by a mayor, recorder, two bailiffj, and 21 common council men, and fends one mtmber to parliament. Here the general quarter-fc/Iions are held, and the County jail is kept. Ic lies on tiio road from Ciiedcr to Holyhead, and was for- merly a place of good trade, by means of its excelleni harbour. Here is plenty of corn, butter, and theefe. It is 59 miles W. by N. of Chcfter, and 241 N. W. of London. Lon. 4. 15. W. lat. 53. 10. N. Rkaumont, a town of the Ne'heriands, in liainault, on the confines of the ter- I itory of Liege. It was ceded to the French in 1684, and taken by the En^^lifli in 1691, who blew up the caflle. It is feated be- tween tl.e rivers Maefe, and Sambre, 10, miles E of Maubeuge. Lon. 4. I.E. lat. 50. 12. N. * BEAUfvioNT-suR OisE, atownin the Ifle of France, feated on the declivity of a hill, with a bridge over the river Oife, f^vc miles N. £. of Fontoife, and 20 N. of I'aris. Lon. 2. 29. E. lat. 49. 9. N. * BeAUIVIONT LE-RoCER, i tOWH of France in Upper Normandy. 2a miles S. W. of Rouen. Lon. o. 56. £. lat. 49. 2. N. Beaumont leVicomte, a town of France in Maine, 10 miles N. of Mans, and 15 S. of Alenzon, Lon. o. 10. E. lat. 48. 12. N. There are feveral other towns of the fame name in France. * Beaumont, a village of SwifTerland, in tlie territory of Vaud j feated between the river Orb and mount Jura, and the chief of a fmall government, depending en the canton of Bern. • Be A UN E, a handfc^me town of France, in Burgundy, lemarkable for its excellent v^ ine, and for an hofpital founded here in 144V it i>ad a f\rong caftle built by Lt wis XII. which was demoJiflied by Henry IV It is f HterJ in a fruitful country, 25 mi!^«; S. of Dijon. Lon. 4. 50. E. lat; 47. 2. N. • BeAUPORT, or P0RT0-HERM0S0,a forr anti lai hour of .St. Domingo, one of the Caribbee iHands ; it ffanris on the S. fide, and »o the W. of the town of St. Domingo, BtAUVAis, anepifcopal city, in the Ifle of France, and capiral of Beauvoifis. The cathedral chur:h is dedicated to St. Peter, and much admired for its fine archite£lure; Ic contains a great numberof relicks, and a library of curious books. There are feveral other : "^ M bar: I four fairs, oa lay, September for cattle. It enay, and was iward I. It i« er, two bailffs, icn, and fends nt. Here the held, and the es on tl>« road , and was tor- , by means of re is plenty of It is 59 milei 241 N. W. of lat. 5^. 10. N. le Ne'herUnds, nes of the ter- d to the French n^iifh in 1691, t is Teated be* nd Sambre, 10, n. 4. I. £. lat. t, a town in the the declivity of the river Oife, J and 20 N. of 49. 9. N. tR, a town of y. 12 miles S. 5. E. lat. 49. t, a town of N. of ManSj o. 10. E. feveral other ranee, of Swiflerland, ated between Jura, and the nt, depending >wn of France, r its excellent unded here in iflle built by (lied by Henry country, 25 o. E. lat. 47. |-Hermoso, a 50, one of the In tlie S. fide, Jt. Domingo. Iry, in the Ifle luvoifis. The Ito St. Peter, jarchiteflure; |elicks, and a Ire are feveral other )n i^^jk ether ehurehei, among which i»St Stephen, remarkable for ii^ curious window i. !• was befieged by ihe En^lifh in 114'; to no purpofe, and m 147^ by ll'e duke ■ I Bur gundy, with an army of 80 ooo ni'-n In the latter, the women fi^raliz d thtr.ifti' us under the conduft of Jeanne llAclutte, who fct up a ftandard y«l |)rerc:ived ir tlic church of the Jacobins. The dul^e was obliged to raife the fiege j and, in m«moiy of the women's exploits, they walk fnii m a procefRonon the uth of July, the anni- veifary of their deliverance. Tie mha hitants carry on a good trade in be.iutiful tapeHry. It is featedon the river Therin, 53 miles 3. of Amiens, and 42 N. of Pa- ris. Lon. X. 15. E. lat. 49. 26. N. * Bbauvais, a town ot France, inUp- per Langutdoc, feated on the river Tefcou, eight miles E. of Mtintauban. Lon. i. 43- E. lat, 44. 2. N. Beauvoir-suk-mer, a maritime town of France, in Poi'ou, with the title of a marqutfate ; 25 miles S. W. of Nantes. Lon. I. 5. W, lat. 46. 45. N. * BcAUvosis, a territory of France, formerly part of Pic irdy, now of the Ifle of France ; Beauvais is the capital. * BEaELiNcuzN,a town of Germany, in the duchy of Wirtemberg, feated on a lake from which the river Worm proceeds ; 10 miles N, W. of Stutgard. Lon. 9. S. £. lat. 48. 45. N. Bec,' a town of France, in Normandy, feated on a ton^ueof land, at the confluence of two rivers, with a rich, large, and handfome Benedictine abbey ^ iS miles S. W. of Rouen. Lon. o. 52. £. lat. 49 «. N. Beca^or, a town of India, in Afia, fcated on the river G>f Mun(\er, fcated at the fource of the river Vcr^e, 20 miles S. E. of Mun» fler, and 14 W. by N, of Lippe. Lon. S« 18. E. Ut. 51. 46. N. Becsancil, a province of Afia, in . Natoha, bounded on the N. by tl^e Black Sea, on the W. by the fea of Marmora, o# < the S. by Proper Natoli?. and on the E. bf the province of Bolli. it was anciently called Bi'liynia i the principal town i9 Burfa. * BRr>ARizvx, or Bec-d'Ar iinx, a town of France, in Languedoc, and in tUe diocefe of Befiers, feated on the river Obe, zo miles N. of Befiers. Lon. 3. 24. £• lat. 43. 29. N. * B E D A s, .1 people of Ada, in the ifland of Ceylon, who inhabit a large foreA near the fe.i, and in the N. E. part of the ifland. Tiiey are favages, but very ikilful in Aiooc- ing with a bow. They have neither to va,s nor vill.igcs, and live by hunting, and the honey they (ind in the forefl. * OEDnGELERT, A vilUgC of Wa1eober 12, nnd Dectiiiber 19, for all forts ot cattle. Bedford is feated un the riycf Oufi.', which divides it into two parts, unite by a bridge with tw > gates, one at each en'J, to ftop the pafTa^e occafionaUy* li iias five churches, and formerly had • ftroi.^ taftle, whofe fite is now r» very fine rn)viiint;-iroRitiHiRr, a county in the diocefe «f LmkuIii, >4 miles long and 16 broa'l. It cnnraint it.170 houfes, 67,^50 inia kttantt)wiN-!VfAOMA, a vill.igr, five miles S. W. of Hungerford, wMcli i.y fre- quently rob caravans, when they happen to be the ftronger parly. The principal men are called Emirs and Sheiks. BcroRT, a fmall, but flrong town, the capital of Suntgaw, in Alface, ceded to France by the treaty of WeAphalia, in 1648. it is feated at the foot of a mountain, 10 miles N. E. of MontbeUiard, and 28 W. of Bafil. Lon. 6. a. E. lat. 47. 38. N. There is not above 100 houfes in this town, and 700 inhabitants ; but it is important, on account of the great road by this place to Alface from Franche Compte. The fonifi- eations were greatly augmented by Lewis XlV. * BBniA,or BteGiA,a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Tunis, with a Oroni; caftlef feated in a territory abounding in corn. It is built on the declivity of a movntain, 15 miles W. of Tunis. Lon. 19. 30. £. iar. 37, o, N. Bi jA, a pretty large and ftrong town of Portugal, in the province of Alentejo,feated near a hk<; of the fame name ; ^a miles S. of Evora, and 62 S. by E. of Lifbon. Lon. 7. *o. W. lat. 37. 58. N. BcicHLiNGKN, a town of Germany, in Thuringia, a part of Upper Saxony j 17 m'lesN. of Weimar. Lon. 11. 50. E. lat. 51. ao. N. * Bbimreim, a fort of France^ in Al- Port Lewis, and Ax S. W. of AaAadt. Lon. K. IS. E. lat. 48. 51. K. Bat LA) a town of iialy« in Piedmont* 3 1 miles N. of Turin. Loa. 7. 4 $. £. lat. 45- »W. Be IRA, a province of Portuical, bounded on the N by thofe of Tra los-Montea, and Hntre Doiiio-e-Minho i on the S. by P')itti)(ijer«: Eilremaduraj on the E. hy Spantfh ElWrmRdiira { and on tha W. by the Ailantic ocean, * Bblihouohton, a village in Wor- cederfhire, 3 miles N. W. of Bromfgrove, With two fairs, on tlwn of Italy, I in the Far- intain, eight W. of San t. 39. 6. N. a village in 'ith one fair, lys. >ain, in tht )n the river agoflfa. Lon. land, in the ' of Ferma- 18 miles S. W. lat. 54. al in EHre- ofiheTajOf gned to rte- and there all nouft bring and queen* France, in ne, and 90 W. Ut. 4S^ France, in ix, remark* pretended, hours, ai and capital >n the sV E . 100 mi I el 36. 10. £. of Ireland, county of u» bay ; it to merribera ;. 54. 38.N. BCL* BEL •BftFOan, a po/l town in Nnrthuni. iMrlandf^n the road fronfi York to B«rwiel<, with twofairt, on Tuefrtay brfere Wdit fontirfe, and Au»',>i"^ 11, for black fa'tlr, fhcep, and horfci. It ii a g>od throuKhta r, and 16 miles S. of Berwick. Rr. i.oARP(N, a t.iw'n of Germany, in EaftPomerania, in ihe piovince of CaflTu- hi.i, n miles from Colbert, and 5f miles N. of Stetin}fubjfA toFrulTia. Lnn. 16. 5. E. lat. 54. 10. N, BiLr.oROD,a town of RuiTtaandrapital of a province of the fame nam« { feated on Ihe river Donets. Lon. 18. 5< B, lat. 51. 20. N. Buicotov, a ftronn town of BeflTarahia in European Torky, feated at the mourli of the river Nielter on the Black Sea, 80 miles S. E. of Bender. BiLGRADB, a (Iron); and famous town «f Turky in Eutope, the capital of Servia. ar>d a Greek hifhop'i fee. It is feated nn a low hill, which reaches as far an the Danube, a little above its confluence with the Save. It was a very lari^e and m^H important place, and has been feveral times taken and retaken by the Chriflians and Turks. It was taken laO by Prince Eugene, in Augud 1717, and it was kept till 1739, when it was ceded to the Tuks, after demolifhing the walls, fotliat now they are in polTetTion of all Servia. It is 265 miles S. by N. of Vienna, and 400 N. by W.of Con<1antinople. Lon. si. t. E. Iat.45. 10. N. *BELCRAi>e, a fmall, but handfome town of Romania, in European 'I urky, feated on the (freights of Conflan'inople, ao miles N. of that city. Lon. 13. o. E. lat 41. tx. N. • Bblrrado, a town of Italy, »n Friuli, fubjefl to Venice ; feated near the Tojamenra, 10 miles from Udmo, and 10 from Concordia. Lon. 13. 5. E. Ut. 46. o. N. ^Bellac, a town of France, in la Marche. feated on the Unicorn, zo m'les N. of Limoges. Lon. i. 14. £. lat. 46. 4. N. BcLicLARz, a town of Ireland, in the province of Connaught, and county of Slig;o, «5 miles S. of Sligc). Lon. 9. 5. W. lat. S3. 56.N. Bille, a town in ths French Nether- lands, nine miles S. W. of Ypres. Lon. s. 40. E.lat. 50. 4s< N. Bellcgard, a llrong place of France in Roufillon, above the rtefile of Pertuis, on the fron'iers of Catalonia. It is for- tified, and an importanr place, on account of its being a palfa^e t . the Pyrenees. Lon. 3. o. E Uc. 4>. 20. N. B E I. * Ptr.tmARSi, a town cf France, ta n«tr(>undy, feated on iherivei S»unc, with the title of a durhy. It is about is milc« ' below the town of St. Jean He Launr, and If N. E. of Clialon. Lon. 4. o. E. Ut. 46 S7. N. BsMKlitt, an ifland of France, f( miles from the coa<\ of firitrany, almoft over a|iainf\ Port-Louis. It is about if miles long, and Ave broad { divided into four pari(he», one of which 11 (hat ot Palate, a fmall fortified town, viirh a citadel. Ic was takeit by the Englifh in 1761, and re« flared by the laic treaty ) is diverfificd with cragi^v m inntains, falt-worka, andplcafant fertile plains, t.on. v j. W. lat 47, to. N. B( LLE-lsLE,aninand of North- Amen- ca, lying at the mouth of the Areight Im« twe>:n tli« country of th« Efkimaux, or New- R'lrain, and the N. «nd of Newfoond* hnd : the piffige between them is called the flreight of Belle-lfle. Lon. 58, 5. W. lat. 51. so N. * nrrte-VirtR, « town of Trance, i« Boi'jolnii, feated near the liver Saene, live miles N. ot Ville-Franche, andeightS. E. of Bcaujeu. Lon. 4. 46. E. lat. 45. 5. N. * Brllcv, or Brlt.av, a town of Fiance, capital of Bujey, with a bilhop** fee. It was ceded to France, by the Duk« of Savoy, in 1601; is feated near th« river Rhone, 17 miles N. W. of Cbambcry, and 2 50 S. E. of Paris Lon. 5. 50. E. Ut« 45- 4V N. * BiLLINOHAM, or BsLt IMGH A»(, * town in Norihumberland, with a market on Tuefdays, and one fair, on Saturday af-' ter September i||^for black horned cat'le, fhrep, linen and woollen cloths. It is 14. miies N. N. W of Hexham, and 290 N. N. W. of London. Lon. a. 10. W. lat. 55. 10. N. * Bellinzona,! town of Italy, in the I Miianef^, and one of the bailiwicks which the Swifs pofTefs in that country. It ia feated on the river Jefino, five miles abova the place wheie it falls into the Lago Mag- g'ore, and it is fortified with two Aronf cables, formerly joined together by » wall flanked with to wen ; but the Swifs have demoliOied pari thereof. Lon. 9. c. £. lat. 46. 8. N. Bell UNO, a handfoma. but fmall rowtl of Italy, the capital of the Bellunefe, in the territories of Venice, and a btfhop's fee. It is feated among the Alpine moun- tains on the river Piave, 17 miles N. E. of Feltri, and 10 N. of Ceneda. Lon. is. 15, E. lat. 46. 9 N. * BtLLVN VB, a territory of Italy, be. longing ,M 1 1*1 ! s B E M longing to t'^e Venetiani, lying between Fhuli, Cadorino, Feltrino, the b.fhapric of Trent, and Viro-. It lias gooa »ror»- mines. Belluno i& the only confiderable place. * Bklmonte, a town of Italy, in che kingdom of Naples, and hi iier Calabria { feated oi. the coa() of the Tufcan f^^i, lo miles W. of Cozenza. Lon. 16. qo. £ lat. 39. so. N. BzLT, the Great, a fimous ftreight of Denmark, between tlie 1/7 ^nd of Zeland and that of Funen, at tlte entrance of tlie Bal- tic Sea. This Areiglit is not fo commodious, nor fo moch frequented, as the Sound. In 1658, this ftreight was frozen over fo hard, that Charles Guftavu*, King of Sweden, inarched over it with a deiign .0 take Co- penhagen. BKtT, the LeflTer, lies to the W. of the («reat Belt, between the ifland of Funen and the coaA of Jutland. It is one of the pttflTages from the German ocean to the Baltic, though not three miles in breadth, atid very crooked. •BtLTON, a Village in Lejcefterfhire, fe^n miles W. of Loughborough, with c le lair, cm Monday alter Trinity- woek, for horfes, cows, and >ere he remained another year ; after which he returned to his own dominions. Lon. 29. 5. E. lat. 46. 40. N. BenedettojSt, » confiderable tovrn • of I. Lon. 3. 15, Spain, in the n thef ontieis of Balfaftro, D. 40. £. lac. •Spain, io the a di-Campo!;^ is feated on Leon, and 15 W. lat. 42. 3wn of Afia» id of SumA* ^)< About a ftandsanln- re fm.1l] and : natives have •eirAature is 'ery defuous , tieaclierous I few fmitiis Ti are carpen- >untry about woody ; and I the ifland. ie mountains thick heavy ip, thunder, > be had, ex- is not very 3ns, except hief trade is !aige quan. ^keiings be« y, to the no company: dcferted, ''>und their ever have loi; 5. El ACiay and ime name, good har« 40. S. in Europe, er Niefter, ind 100 S« le for the f Sweden, :n defeated was main* years, till to a place remained turned to S. E. lat. ib!e town of BEN of Italy, in the Mantuan, 35 miles S. E. of Mantua. Lon. 11. 25. E, lat. 45. O.N. •BENBsoiur, a town of Africa, in Egypt, remarkable for its 'emp and tiax. It is ieated on the we(lern ihoreof the Nile, the refidence of a bey, and the mofques give it a grznd look. It is 50 ntilei S. of Cairo. Lon. 31. o. E. lat. »g. to. N. BewEVENTo, a handfome, largf, and rich city ot Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in tire UKerior Ptincif"?tc, wiih an archbifhop'S fee. It has fuflTered gieatly by earthquakes, and particularly in 16S8, wheri the archbiftiop, after vvards Pope Be- ntdidtXlll. was dug out ot the ruins alive. When he was advanced to the Papal chair, lie rebuilt this place. It is fubieift to t'c wonren here are kept g'catly in fiihje£tion ; for, befides their houfhold affairs, they are obliged t» attend the markets, and till the g'ound. The king's court, which makes a principal \yiit nf tie town, is feated in a very large plain, with no other houfts near it ; but h.is nothmj remaikahle, except the extent of ground on which it ftands. The river of Benin is extremely large and wide at thf mouth ; but how ; v it extends up the country, is not cer'! lily known. The land about it is low and marfliy, and its b.inks adorned with great numbers of trees j upon this account it is infefted with muf- quitoes, which are extremely troublefome to fli angers, and fting them fo feverely, that their faces can hardly be known by their acquaintance. It is a very fa*al country to the Europeans ; for no fhips ever arrive !iere, viithout lofing a great part of their company. The^atives drefi all alike with a long cloth wrapped about their middle, which only differs in goodref*, according: to their quality : but the children all go naked j the boya till t!iey are tvvelvi years of age, and the girls till tl.ey are fit for marriat^e The men have as many wive-s as their circuiTvl^ances -.vill allow ; and take caic to keep them from their own counfry- men ; but are fo far from jeal'ufy of tlve Europeans, tl at they will often bring them into their company, and ItMve them hehind. if a negro lies with anotiiei marfs wife, and is found out, he forfeits all his goods to the hulhani', .ind the v.'ife is piiniflied fevc'cly with a cudgtl. Th.e cultom f>t circumcifi.'in is here univeifally praf^ifed, though tlierc is no other realon to be given for it, than t'iat thfir ance(\nis 'i.ive done it before t'ltm 11 ?• g.Tvcrnment of this country is veiled in tho king, and three i^reit men vndr.r liim ; rind each province ha.s it.s particular I'oveinor, Th'^v have a fort of rsiigioR j but ic 16 fo abfurd and K ptiplextd B E R perplexcf^, that it is almoft impeflTible to defcribe it : however, it is certain that «ver> thing extraordinary is eAeemed as a god, and they make offerings to it accord ingly. Thefe are fomeiimes a few boikd yams mixed wiih oil, which they lay before the image : fomctimes they offer a cock ; but cl e idol fnuft be contented with the bloo'^, for they eat the fltfli themfelves. 1 hey have a fort of fabbath every fifth day, which the great men obferve by kill- ing cows, fheep, and goats j and others are contented with/logs, ca;s, and chickens; but whatever is then killed, is dinributed to the poor. The animals are the fame here as in other parts of Guinea, as well as the reflofthe produflionsof this country. They have fopie forts of manufa to its own prince, feated on tiie river Vetcht, 31 miles N. W. of Munrter, and 37 W. of Ofnabrug Lon. 7. 13. t. lat. 52. 23. N. ♦Benthiim, a village in the Weft- Jiiding of YorUfhire, and in tlie wapon- take cf Scantleff, with a fair on July 24, (orca'tle. • Bentivoriio, a fmall town and caftle of Italy, in the territory of Bologna j 10 milei N. E. of Bologna, 18 S. W. of Ferraia. Lon. 11. 34. E. lat. 44. 47. N. BeNUEr.AC, a lenitory of Angola, in B E H mol without cultivation. Shapour Is tKc capital town. *Beraum, a loyal town of Bohemia, and capital of a circle of the fame name, II miles W. of Prague. Lon. 14. 25. E. lat. 50. 2. N. * BERBici.ariverof America, in Terra FIrma, which falls into the N. fea, in 6. 30 degrees of fouth latitude. This is the only river in ^he country ; it waters a great num* ber of cotton plantations, andthofeof a plant called oreliana, ufed in dying. *Berchtolsg/»den, a towp of Ger- many, in the arclibifhoprick of Saltzburg, which fcrvts all the neighbourhood with fait} feated on the river Aha, 10 miles S. W. of SaUzburg. Lon. 13. 10. E. lat. 47. 30. N. •Beopoa, a tpwn of Afia, in Perfia, and in the province of Grari B E R Cremona. Lon. 9. 38 E. lat. 45 41. N. BitRGAS, a town of Romania in Ehio- pfsn Turky, a Greek archbiilmp's fee, and leated on the river LarifT^, 3a miles S. £. of Adrianople. Lon. 27. 30. E. lat. 41. 17. N. Bergen, a handfome, »nd ancient fea- p'lrt town of Norway, capital of the pro- vince of Bergenhuys and of all No; way, with a Qrong cattle, a deep haibour, and i a bifhop's fee. They carry on a g'eat j trade in ikins, fir-wood, and dried fiih ; but ail their wheat is brouglu from other places. It is fubje^io Dcnr^.aik. and lies 300 miles N by W. of Copenhagen. Lon. 5. 45 E. lat. 60. 1 1. N. fi ell GEN, a town of Germany, in Pome- rania, capital of the ifle of Rui-en, fubjed to the Swedes ; 12 miles N. £. of Stial- fund. Lon. 13. o. £. iar, ^4. 30. N. * Bergbnhus, the mort wtftern pro- vince ot Norway, between the covcrnment of Aggerhus and the f«a. Bergen is tht capital town. BERaeN-or-ZooM, a town of the Ne- therlands, in the prnvmce of Dutch Bra- bant, and in the mnrquifate of the fame ramc. It is a handfome place, and one of the l)ron);elt in the Netlierlands, as well on account of the furtirica'ions, as of the morafs with which it is furrounded. It lias feveral times been befieged, to no pur- pofj ; but was taken by the French by af- fault in 1747, as they fay j iho' moft think, by trea. hery. It is feated panly on a hill, and partly on the river Zoom, which com- municates with the Scheld by a canal, eight miles N. of Antwerp, and 22 S. W. of Breda. Lon. 4. 15. E. lat. 51. 30. N. Bbrgarac, a very rich, populous, and trading town of France. The fnrtifica- ions were demoliftied by Lewis Xlll. It i^ feated on the river Dordoaof, 50 tnilcs E of Bourdeaux. Lon o. 37. E. lat. 45. o. N. • Bert, St. Vinox, a town of the Neiherlands, in th*; county of Flanders, fortified by marlhal Vauban. It was ceded to France uy the Pyrenean treaty, and is fea'ed on the liver Cofme, at the foot of a mountain, five miles S. of Dunkirk. Lon. 2. 31;. E, lat. 50 57. N. Berg ZftBERN, a town of France, in Alface, nine miles S. W. of Landau. Lon. 7. 5c. E. lat 49. 4. N. Berkshire, an EnglifJi county, 37 miles in length, and 2 5 in b'cadth ; bounded en the N. by Oxfordlhire and Buckin^ham- flii-ej on the W. bj Wiltshire; on the S. by Ham;^(hireand Surry ; and on the E, by MiddUfex and part of Ruckingliamlhiic. It contains 140 partlhei, iz market towns, B E R and 1 69c 6 houfes. The principal town ia Reading. In general it is a fi uitiul country, and particularly in the vale of Whitc-Korfe j aiid hasti.e title of an earldom. Bf.Ri, IN, a large, flrone, and han'Tome city of Germany, and capital of r?,o e- iedtorate of Brandenburg, where the king of PrufTia refi^^ea. The palace is magniti- cent, and there is a fine library, a rich cabinet of curi- fi'ies and medals, an acade- my of fcicncef, and an obfervatory, befides a fuperb aifenal. Irs tiade and buildings have lattly been much improved, and there' is a canj! cut from the river Spree to the Oder on the E. and another from thence to the Elbe on the W. It has a communica- tion b;' waiter, both with the Baltic Sea, and the < Jcrman Ocean ; feated en the rivtr Spree, 41 miles N. W. of Franclort on the Oder, and 300 N. by W. of Vienna. Lon. 15. 37. E. lat. 52. 53. N. Bermuoa IsLANjis, a tlufter of very fmall iflands, nearly in the form of a fhep'ierd's crook, and ''urroundfd witli rock , wliich rende< tliem almoft inaccsf- fible to fii angers. They lie in t e Atlan- tic Ocean, abrut 500 miles E. of Carolina. 'I'hcy are inl.abittd by the EnKliHi, er.joy a pure and template air, and have plenty of fli.fli, fiiTi, amJgaiden ftufF. Tlie common employments of tlic inhabitants is >n build- ing (loops and the making women's hats, well known in England by tie name of Bermudas hats. They were difcovered by John Bermudez, a Spaniard ; but not in- habited till 1609, when Sir George Sum- mers was cart away upon them, and they belong to Britain ever fince. Dean Berke- ley intended to have founded an univcrfity heie, but by miltake was carried to New- England, which prevented his defign. Lon, 65, ic. W. lat. 32. 30. N. Some travel- lers talk of fpiders webs here, fo ftrung that they will catch fmall birds. Bern, the capital town of the c.infor» of Bern in Swiiferland. Here is a cele- brated fchool, and a rich library, and iz companies of tradefmen, in one of which every inhabitant is obliged to be eniolled before he can enjoy any office- It is a ftrong place, and (eated in a peninful;*, fotmed by the river Aar, a'moft in the middle of the canton It is 17 miles N. E. of Frbvire, 50 S, of B.iflf, and 37 N. 2. of Geneva. Lcn, 7. 4.0, E. Iar. 40. o. N * Bern, a can«cn of the larpefl of the 13 cantons of SwifTei land, being about 1^0 naiics in length, and 75 in breadth. The p,overnment confj(\s in two councils, called the Great and tlie Littli; ; and tlie two chie's of the Great are calied Avoye.s. It K z if, B E R is divided into two principal parts, caited the German and Roman. This laft is moft commonly called the country of Vaud. The German territory is divided into 35 governments, and the country of Vaud into 13. l^ic religion is Calvlnifm, and Bern the capital town. Bt R N, a town of Bohemia, fubjeft to the houfe of Auilria, 15 miles W. of Prague. I.on. 13. 5. E. lat. 50. o. N. Bernard, tm t Gr e at S r. a moun- t.iin of Swifferland and Savoy, between Vdlaia and Val-tl'Aoft, at the fource of the rivers Drance and Doria. The top of it is always covered with fnow, and there is a large convent, where the monks entertain ; all firangers gratis for three days, without any diftinftion of n-ligion. * Bernarh, a town of Germany, in ll;e eledorate of Brandenburg, 5 miles from Berlin, noted for excellent beer. Bern AY, a town of Fiance, in Upper Normandy, with a rich Bsnedi£line abbey. It is a tiadmg place, and feared on the river Carantone, i <; miles S. W.olLifieux, and30. S W.ofRouen. l.on.o. 50. E. Iat.49.6.N. * Ber N H u R G, a town of Germany, in t'.e circle ofUpper S.oiony, and prm'-ipality of Anlia'r, where a branch of the houfe o< Ar.halt rtfides. It is f^ated on the river Sara, i 5 miles VV. of DeiTam, and zz N. VV. cf Ma^deburi^. Lon. 12. 50. E. lat. i;i,55.N. * Beh n-Castei., a town of Germany, in the eleftorate of Treves, or Triers, with a calUe, built in 1277. It is remarkable for its good wine, and is fcaied on the river Mofelle, between Trarbach and Weidens. * Berre, a town of France, in Pro- vence, with tt-.e title of a barony, f^ated on a lake of the fame name, in the diocefe of Aries. Lon. 4. 32. E. lat. 43. 32. N. Blrr I, a province of France, with the ti:le of a du^hy ; bounded on the N. by tliC Orleannois, Blaifois, and Gatinois ; on the E. by tiic Nivernoi;!, and the Bourbon nois ; on the S. by the Bourbonnois, and La Maic'ie 5 and on the W. by Tourraine wnd Poitcu. It is fertile in corn, fruir, hemp, and flax ; and there is excellent wine in Tme places. It is divided into the Upper and Lower. Bourges is the capital town. . Berheli.o, a fortified town of Italy, in the Modenefe ; taken by Prince Eugene in 1701, and by the French in 1703, who were obliged to leave it in 1707. It is ftated near tiie confluence of the rivers Linza and Fo, 10 .iiiles N. E. of Parma, and ^5 S, E. of Cieaiona. Lon. 10. 30, E. lar. 44. 55. N, * Rer suire, ,t town of Fiance, in Lower Poitou, 12 niiiss S. £. of Thouats, [ B E S Lon. 0. 27. W. lat. 46. 5s. N. *BEi. a. o. W. borders of i belonging urdays, and •week, for I town and e of great t, being de- other forti. i, and well- orn and faU 'cr Tweed, fome bridge ers to par- duciiy. It E. of Edin- ndon. Lon. ivn of Scot- feated on ace general lis in 1745, ,vick upon |of Berwick of Edin- 5.N. bounded iLpthian on theE. and unds 'With ral feats of lipal rivers lackadder, I place is bt;^ place ends two the burgh s'ent, and Iwtr Lan- Ibe title of IfUuAtion, fci tiic in ii> feated [the royal ;rranean, in. 3. »3« » B«- • BcsiGHtiM, a town or Suabia, and duchy of Wurtemberg, in Germany ; feat- ed at the confluence of the rivers Entz and Neckar, between Hailbr' n and Stutgard. • Bessarabia, a tcrritoiy of Turky, in Europe, lying between Moldavia, the Da- nube, the Black Sea, and Little Tartary. Ic is inhabited by independent Tartars, who maintain themfclves by their cnttlc, huf- bandry, and robbing. Their religion, man- ners, and cu(ioms, are like tliofe of the Crim Tartars. When there are any forces f«nt againft them, they retire among the mountains near the Black Sea, where it is impoflible to come at them, on account of the morafles and defiles. The oioft re- markable towns are Bender, Akerman, JCeli, and Simield. BtJTRiciA, a townof Tranfylvania, re- markabie for the gold mines near it, 85 miles N. W. of Hermanftadt, and 90 E. of Tocka. Lon. 21. 5. E. lat. 48. o. N. Betanzos, a town of Spain, in Galicia, feated on the Mandeo, and on a bay of the for horned cattle, lioifes, ciietl'e, linen, and v/uolen-cljth ; on December 10, for hogs only } and on December 11, for horned cattle, horfes, cheefc, liner;, and woollen-cloth. It is pleafantly feat«d on the liver Severn, is neat and well-built, enjoys a good trade for malt, leather, and caps, and lies 14 miles N. of Worcefter, and l^^ N. W. of London. Il fends '.-e member to parUament. Lot). 2. 20. V.', lac. 52. 25. N. BxzAN'aoN,anariCtent, handfome, large, and very flrong town of France, in the French Comt6, an archbirtiop's fee, and an univerfiiy. Here arefeveial lemains of Ro man antiquities, particularly the rums of an amphitheatie. It watt taken by the French in 1674, and this and the wliole province have remained in their haiuis ever fince. It is 52 miles E. of Dijon, and 208 S. E.of Paris. Lon. 6. 14. H. lat. 47. li. N. Beziers. See Bfsicrs. BiAFAR, the capital town of a king; dom of the fame name, of Africa, in Ne- groland, feated on the rivet Los Camaroncs. Lon. 17. 40. E lac. 6. 10. N. • BiAiocoROw, or Akebm.^n, 3 ftrnnK town of Beflarabi.-i, featcd on the L.ike Vi- dono, near 'he fea -fide, 10 miles S. E. • ' the mouth 01" the Neirter, and 42 S. W. of Oczakow. Lon. iz. 50. £. lac. 46. 24. N. • BiANA, a town of Afia, in the do- minions of the Great Mogul, remarkable for its excellent indigo, 50 miiet VV. of Agra. Lon. 77. o. E. lat. 26. 20. N. BiBEKACH, a free and imperial town of Germany, in Suabia. It has a large manw- faflure in fuAi-ns, and is feated in a plea- fant fertile valley on the river Ilufs, 17 miles S. W. of Ulm, and 30 N. of Lindaw. Lon. 10. «.E. !at. 48. 4. N. BiBERSBERG, a town of Upper Hun gary, 15 mi!cs N. of Prefburg, Lon. 17. 25. E. lat. 48. 35. N. • BicERTE, a caftle of t!ie Ifle of Ftanctt, a miles from Fat is, where the> B I E imprifon madmen, beggars, vagabonds, p?f- feiers, and young men who follow bad couifes. *BlCESTER,Or BURCESTER, 3 tOWII in Oxfordrhire, with a market on Fridays, for cattle and flicep ; and one fair, on AU" gufl 5, for tanned leather and horfes. It is a l^rAgt;ling place, and feated on the road between Oxford and Buckingham, 1 3 milei fiom the former, and 12 from the latter. Lon. I. 10. W. lat. si. 53- N. •BiDACHF, a town of France, in Lower Naval lej feated on the river BiJoufe, i» miles £. of Bayonne. Lon. i. o. W. lat. 41. 31. N. BiD/tssoA, a river of Spain, on the frontiers of France, which has its fource in the Pyrenean mountains, and falls into the Tea between Andayeand Fontarabia BioDiKORi>,atown in Devonfhire, with a market on Tuefday<:, and three fairs, en February 14, Tuly i8, and November 13, for cattle. It is commodiaufly feated on the river Torige, over which there is a large Oone bridge, with 24 arches. It is a large well inhabited place, carries on aconf!dcr- abie trade, and is 16 miles S. by W. of Ilfracomh, and 197 W. of London. Lon. 4. 10. VV. lat. 51. 10. N. • BiEtz, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Cracovia, remarkable for its mines of vitriol, feated on (he liver Wtfe- lo!, (ninge ; on the W. by Beam ; and on he S. by the Pyre- pean mountains. Tarbe is the capital town. * ^iHAEz, a flrong town of the king- dom of Hungify, in Croatia ; feated in ^n ifle formal by the fiver Anna, 65 miles S. E. of Corlodrat. Lon, 16. 2. E. lat. 44. 35. N. BiLEoA, a large, handfome^ and rich town of Spain, capital of Ijiftay, with a good frequented harbour; its sxports are wool, fword- blades, and oiher manu fadtuies in iron and rtfel j is rems kable for the whohfomenefs of its nir, and tiie ler- fility of the foil about it. It is feated at the mouth of the river Ibiicaba!, which a ^tlle below fali^i into tl.e fca, 50 miles W. . . » . . . . 'J g BIT. of nt. .^tbiiVian, and 1S8 K. of Madrid* L.'a. 2. 40. W. Ut. 43. 23. N. BiLUESTON, a town in .Suffolk, with a market on WednefJays, and two fairs, on Aili-VVedncfday, and Holy-Thurfday. It li4K one large ciiurch, about a quarter cf a mile from the town, and an Anabaptift meeting : is feated on the river Breton, are of two foits, the original natives, and the Arabs. The latter lire in tenis, which they remove from one place to another for ttie convcniency of paAure. Many of them rove in the Defart, and lye in wait to rob caravans, tho' they profefs tl e Mahometan leligion. BiLEVELT, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia, and county of Raver.fburg; feven miles S. E. of Ravenf- Hurg, and fubjeN, a fea-port town of Gol- ronda, in the E.ft Indies, feated on the wert-fid«/ of the Bay of Bengal. It lies about I* miles to the N. of Vizign- tanpa, and the Dutch have a very fniall faflory here, defigned to buy up all the cloth manufaftured by the inhabitants. Lon, »j 5. E. tat. 18. o. N. •BiRAGAB, a village in Somerfetfhire, four niilc« N. E.of Wells, with two fairs, on Whit-Monday, for all forts of cattle, and Whit-Tuefday, for cloth and horfes. •BiNAKOs, a fmall town of Spain, in the kingdom of Valencia, remarkable for good wine. It is feated near the fea, 15 miles S. of Tortofa. Lon. o. 15. E. lat. 40. 34. N. 6it«BR0KK, a town in Lincolnshire, with a mean market on Wednefdays, but no fairs, feated in a bottom, and has two pari(h churches. It is 30 miles N.E. of Lincoln, and 146 N. of London. Lon. o, 10. E. lat. 53. 31. N. B I K c H, a little fortified town of the Low Countries, in the county of Hainhair, fiib- jedl to the houfe of Audria ; nine miles E. of Mons, and 10 W. of Charleroy. Lon. 3. ai. £. lat. 50. 23. N. •BiNGAzi, a fea port town of Africa, in the kingdom of Tripoli, 140 miles W. of Derna. Lon. 19. 10. E, lat. 31. ao. N. BiNGtN,an ancient andhandfome town ©f Germany, in the archbifhoprick of Mentz ; feated at the place where the river Nave falls into the Rhine, 15 miles W. of Mentz, and 20 S. of Coblentz. Lon. 7. 48. E. lat. 50. 3. N. Bingham, a town of Nottingham, feated in the vale of Belvoir, now a mean pl.ice, and its market, which is on Thutfday, is fmall 5 but it has three fairs, on Fcbrua'-y B I R 2P and II, for horfes, on the firft Tuefday in May, for horned cattle, flicep, and I'Og^, and on November 8, chitfly for foals and hogs. It is ei^lu miles E. of Nottingham, Lon. I. 10. W. ht. 56. o N. BiNGLiv, .1 town in the Weft Ridin; of Yoiklhirc, wivh two fairs, on January s;, for horned c.ittle, and on Augull 25, 6, 7, for horned cattle and linen cicth. It is feated on the river Aiie, near Skipton in Craven, 30 miles W.by South of Yotk, and XI2 N. N. W. of London. Lon. x. 35. W. lat. 53.50, •BiNTAN, an ifland of Afia, in tlie Eaft-lndies, to tlie S. of the peninfula of Malacca. Lon. 103. 50. E. lat. 1. o. N. BioRjco, an illand of Sweden, three miles from Stockholm, in which there was anciently a confiderablu market- tovrn, and the royal feat of Birka. BtORNCBURG, a town of Sweden, in N. Finland, feated on the river Kune, near its mouth, in the Gulph of I'othnia, 95 miles S. of ChriAianftadt, and 75 N. of Abo. Lon. 2z. 35. E. lat. 62. 6. N. But, or Bber, a town of Tutky in Alia, in Diaibeck, with a caftle, where the 8;overnor refides, feated on the eaftern bank of the river Euphrates, near a high moun' tain, in a very pleafant and fruitful country. They have a particular kind of vultures fo tame that they fit on the top^of the houfes, and even in the ftreets, without fear of dift-urbance. It is 50 miles N. E. of Aleppo, and 35 W«.of Oifa. Lon. 38. 6. W. lat. 36. ro. N. BiRKtNFiEiD, a town of Germany, and capital of the county of the fame name, in the circle of the Ifpper Rhine. It is feated near the river Nave, 20 miles S E. of Treves, or Triers, and 97 S. W. of Mentz. Lon. 7. 9. E. lat. 49. 35. N. Birmingham, a very large town in Warwickfliire, with a market on Thurfdays, and two fairs, on the Thurfday in Whit- fun-week, and on Oftober 10, for hard- ware, cattle, (hcep, and horfes. It is no corporation, it being only governed by two conftables, and two bailiffs ; and therefore free for any pcrfon to come and fettle there j which has contributed greatly to the en. creafe. no* c;.'.y of t! e buildint^s, but the tr^de. "hich is the inoft flourirtiing of any in Lcwland for all forts of iron-work, be- fiffes m=«y other curious manufaAures. The tiowfs ftands on the fide of a hill, form- ing resrl) a half moon. Tfielov rpart is filled withtlie voik-flic, 5 «nd wa ■ houfe9 of the manufaiTurers, an) confifls chitfly of old buildings. The upper part of the town contains a nunbtjr gi new and rego- Uc B I S lar (Ireett, and a handfome fquare, elrf^antly buik* It has two uhurclies ; one, in *.l>e lower part of the town, which is an ancient building, with a very tall rjiire: tne other ii a very grand modern ilrufturc, having a fquare (lone- lower, with % cupola, and turret above it ; in thii tower is a fine peal often bells, and a fet of muOcal chimes, which play feven different tunes, one' for each day in the week. It has alfo two chapels, and meeting- houfes for every de nomination of dilTenters. The houfes in this town amount to about 6 or 7000, and their number is continually increafmg. It is 17 miles N. W. of Covenrry, 48 S E. of Shrcwfbury, and icg N. W. of London. Lon. 1. 35. W. lat. 5a. 30. N. • BiRvrescA, a town of Spain, in Old Cadile, and capital of the fmall territory of Bureva, 15 miles N. of Durgos. Lon, i. 15. W. lat. 42. 34. N. BiRZA, a town of Poland, 'm the pro- vince of Samogitia, 41 milts S. E. of Mit- tau. Lon. 25. 5. E. lat. 56, ?5. N. • BisAcciA,a fmall handfcme^town of Italy, in the Ulterior Principato, and in the kingdom of Naples, witha biftiop's fee. It is » 5 miles N. E. of Conga, and 13 S. £. of Atiano. Lon. 15. 35. E. lat. 41, 3.N. Bmcaii.4, a town of Africa, in the king- dom of Algiers, ard province of Labez. Lon. 5. 50, E. lat. 35. 10 N. Biscay, a maritime province of Spain, bounded on the N. by the ocean, on the W. by Auftria de-Santillan, on the S. by Old Cafiile and the province of Alava, and on the E. by Guipufcoa. It is about 27 miles in length, and as much in breadth, and produces a good deai of corn in fome places, and every where a large qwantity of apples, oranges, and citrons. They have excellent fi(h, and all forts of fhell-filh from the fea, as alfo wood for building fhips, and mines of iron and lead. Th^ Bifcayers are active, brave, and the beft feamen. of all Spain. They have a par- ticular lanttua^e, which has no affinity with any other in Europe. Bilboa is the capi- tal town. Biscay, Nrw, a province of North A- merica, in Mexico, noted for its filver- mines. The river De-las-Naflas runs through a great part of it. Lat. from »s. to 28. N. •BiscMorisHEiM, a town of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, and in archbifhoprick of Mentz, feated on the Tauber, near ihe frontiers of Fran- two miles W. of Wuruburg, Lon. 9' 37- E- lat, 49. 40. N. B I S •BiacHors WiRDA,a town of Germa- ny, in tt>e ciide of U^per S.ixuny, in Mifnia, thiee miles fiom Diefiten * BiscHors Zkll, a handfome town of Swillerland, in Turgau, with a caOle, where the bilhop's b.iiliff of ConfVance re- fides. The inhahiiants aie independent, governed by a fupreme council, and are all PapiHs lince 1529. It is feated on the river Thur, 12 miles S. of ConOance, and eight W. of St. Gall, Lon. 9. 13. E. lat. 47- 33- N- BiscHWKiLt ZN, a fortrcfn of Alface, five miles W. of the river Rhine and Fort Lewis, in polFcHion of the French. Lon. 7. 5. E. lar. 4S. 40. N. * Bisk GLiA, ,t populous town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Terra de Bari, with a bidiop's fee, feated near the Gulph of Venice, elRht miles from Trani. Lon. 16. 49. E. lat. 41. 18. N. Bib tux A, a fea-port town of the king- dom of Tunis, in Africa, feated on the Mediterranean, near the place where Utica formerly Hood ; 37 miles N. W. cf Tunis, and 240 W, of Algiers, Lon. 10. 40. E. lat. 37. ?o. N. Bisjiors-AuKLAND. See AuKLAMa- BisHors. Bishops-Castle, a town in Shrop- fhire, with a market on Fridays, and five tairs, on Friday before Good Friday, the Friday after May-day, July 5, September 9, and November 13, for fheep, horned cattle, and horfes ; feated near the river Clun, is a corporation, fends two members to parliament, avA its market is much fre- quented by the Welch It is 41 miles W, of Worccfter, eight E, of Montgomery, and 150 N. W, by W. of London. Lon. 2. 55. W. lat. 52. 30. N. Bishop and his Clciiks, fome little iflands and roci)vcnib«.r 12, for black catilf, flu-ep ani. »\orfei. BisNACAR, a largn and po;iulovi3 town of Afia in t't laft Ii l.ca, and in a pio- vince of the fame name, in the prninfuia on this fide the Ganges. It is a f.imous inland town, and lies iit milf' S. of Golconda, and 1^0 S. E, of Goa. Lon. 78. 0. E. lat. 13. zr- N. BiEiSAGOs, a cluAcr of iflanc^s on the coall of Ncgroland, in Atiica, a little to the N. of Rio Gtand. 12. N. Blac'rurn, a town in L-incaihire, with a tnaiket 00 Mondays, and thrtc fairs, on May 21, for horned cattle, hoifes, and toys, on Stptcrrber 30, for horfes and fmall wares, ano on G(^lob;r it, for hoifes, horned cattle, and toys. It has its name fi< m the brook Blackwater, which runs tiirough it i and is feated rear tie river Dtrwent, iz miles E. of Preflon, and 191 N. N. W. of London. Lon. 2. 1 5. W. lat. 53. 40, N. BlackForest, a foreft of Germany, in Suabja, extending from N. to S. be- tween Ortnau, Brifgaw, pa t of the duchy of WirtemberiT, the piincipality of Fuflem- burg, and towards the foutce of ihe Danube, as fai as the Rhine above Bade. It is part of the Hyrcinian forefl. * Blackheath, a village, near Green* wich, in Kent, with two faiis, on May 13, and Oftober II, for bullocks, horfes, and toys. * Blackmoor, a »'!lage in Eflex, feven miles S. W. of Cheimsford, and has one fair on Augud 20, for c.ittle in general. Black Sea, formerly called the Euxine fea, lies between Europe and Afia, bounded on the N, by Tartary ; on the E. by Min- grelia, CircafTia, and Georgia; on the S. by Natolia, and on the W. by Romania, Bulgaria, and BefTarabia. It lies between Lon. 33. and 44. E and from lat. 42. to 46. N. entirely furrounded by the Turkifh dominions, who have the fcle navigation of it. The Ruffians once made an attempt to trade upon this fea } but by late treaties they were obliged to give up all their for- treHes upon it, and to abandon the navi> gation. Bi.ackwater, a river of Ireland, run- ing throuth the counties of Cork and Water- ford, and dlfcharging itfelf into Youghall bay. Blackwater, a river of Ireland, that runs tlirough the counties of Armagh, and falls into Loch-Neagh. Blair of Athoi,, a caftle belonging to the duke of Athol, remaikuble for a bat- B L A fl< (co^lit near it in 1689, wherein the l.lled, 27 N. E. of Ulm, and 15 N. W. of Augfburg. Lon. X. 30. E, lat. 48. 40. N. Blessincton, .1 town of It eland, in the county of Wicklow, and province of LeinHer, feated on the tiver l.iffy. Blith, a town of Nottint^hamfliire, with a market on Thurfdays, and two fairs, iDn Holy-Tlturfday, for catile and horfes, •nd on Odlober 6, for Ihcep and bops. It is feated on a rivulet, and had formerly both a caftle, and a priory, of wliivh there are fome oWcure remains. It is 23 miles N. W. of Newark, and 140 N. by W, from London. Lon. o. 55. W. lat. 53. 9$. N. * Blockliv, a village in Worcefter- Ihirc, though inclofed by GloucelUrHiire, feven miles S. E. of Evelham, and has two flits, on Tuefday after EaHer-week, for cattle, and on Oflober 10, for hiring fcr- vants. * Blockzii, a flrong town of the United Provinces, in Ovcr-Yrtel, with a fort ; feated at the moutli of the river Aa, in the Zuide;r Zee, wiiere there is a good liarbour, eight miles W, of Stenwick. Lon. 6. o. E. lat. 52. 44. N. Btois, an ancient and bandfome town of France, inOileanoi^ and in the diftriA of Blaifuis, with a maj^tiiticent caHle, and a biihop's fee. Here are very tine fountains, and a handfome bridge. The inhabitants are faid to be very polite, and carry on a coniiderable trade. It was formerly the refidence of fome of their kings, and is an elegant place; feated on the river Loire, in one of the mod agreeable countries of France, 32 miles S. W. of Oileanois, 47 W. of Tours, and too S. W. of Paris. Lon. I. 30. £. la*. 47. 35. N. Rloniez, a town of Poland, in the provinc* of V'..rfovia, ao miles W. of Warfaw. Lcn. ao. 35. E. Int 51. o. N. * Bi. YTHBoi OUCH, a town in Soffotk, feated on the r ver BIyth, over which it has a bridge, 'it is now gorte to decay, i»ut ii a pod ; own on the road to Yar- BOD mooih, and has a ftately handfome charch It has but one fair, ani that for toys, on April 5. * BoBBNNAusiK, a town of Germany* in Weteravia, with a caftle ; three miles from Francfort on the Mame, and feated on the fmall river Gerfbrentz. Bob 10, an epifcopal town of Italy, in the Miianefe, and territory of Pavia ; feated on the river Trebia, 30 miles N. E. of Genoa, and 15 S. E. of Pavia. Lon. 9. 30. E. lat. 44. 4S. N. * Bo BIO, the largeft river of Chill, in S. America. It has its fourcein the great mountains, called the Andes, and falls into the fea in 47 degrees of S. latitude. BoccaChic A, the ftreight, or entrance into the harbour of Carthat^ena, in Soutk America ; defended by feveral forts and platforms of ^uns, which were all taken by the Biiti(h forces in 1741. BoccaDel-Draco, aflreightfocalkd, t>etween the idand of Trinadad, and An- dalufia, in the province of Teira Firma, in S, AmeriiS. BocHAR. See Boxham. Bochetta, a place of Italy, in the ter* ritory of Genoa, which was famous in the war of 1646 and 1647. It is a chain of mountains, over which the great road lies from Lombardy to Genoa { and on the very peak of the higheli mountain, is a narrow pafs which will hardly admit three men to go a breart. Tliis pafs is projicrly called the Bochetta ; for the defence of which (here .iie three forts. It is the key of the city ot Genoa, and w.is taken in 1746 by the Imperialiils, by whuli means they opened a way to that city. BocKHOLT, a town of Germany, in Wertphalia, and the diocefe of Munrtef, capital of a fmall diftiift i 20 miles E. of Cleves, and fubjefl to the bifhop of Mun- Aer. Lon. 0. 10. £. lat. i;t 40. H. BocictNf;, a vety large village in Effex, adj.tiniiig. to Btalntiee, fiom which it i.s only fejMirated by a fmall ftream. lf» churcii is a deanry, and very large, and there are here two or thiee meeting houfes : but the mai ket is kept at Bralntree. In both parithes there are about 1 500 houfes, which are in general but indifferent, ad the ftreets narrow and badly paved. Theie is .1 large manufaflory of bays, chiefly for exportation. It is 41 miles N. E. of Lon- don. • BoncAM, a village in Suflex, nine miles N. W. of Winchelfea, with one fair, on June 6, for cattle and pedlars ware. Bodmin, a town of Cornwall, with a market on Saturdays, and four fairs, en ■ Janaaiy BOG T.tnuafy 45, Satnrdty after Mid-Lent Sun* day, Wednefday before Wliit-Sunday, and December 6, for horfes, oxen, ihcep, doth, and a few hops ; featcd in a buttom between two hig'.i fiiiin, which renders the air very unwholcfome. It chiefly confifts of one ilrcec, and the many decayed houfes (hew it has been a place of greater note ; is a mayor- town, and fends two members to parliiiment, and formerly had the privilege of the cointge of tin. It is jx miles N. £. of Falmouth, and 363 W. by S. of Lon- don. Lon. 4. 5. E- lat. 50. jt. N. BoDON, a fortified town of Turky in EuropCp an'1 in Bulgatia, with an arch- bifliop's fee ; feated on the Danube, a6 miles W. of Widen. Lon< 45. 24. E. lat. 45. 10. N. BooaocH, a town of Huni;ary, feated on the N. E. (hore of the river Danube, ICO miles S. E. of Buda. Lon. zo. to. £. lat. 46. 1 5. N. * BotDODoe. a trading village on the loaft of South-Guinea, in Afiica. It con- f.Ai of about fifty houfes, or huts, and go- verned by a magiftrate, called by the Por- tuguefe VKAnoR ; but if any capital crime be committed, they are not allowed to de- cide it. * Bo EN, a town of France, in Forez, feated at the foot of mountains, on the (ide of which runs the river Ligoon, la miles from Rouane. Burse HOT, a town of the Auflrian Ne- therlands, in the province of Brabant, feated on the river N'ethe, ix miles N. £. •f Malines. Lor.. 4. 4;. £. lat. 51. 5. N Bog, a river of Poland, which runs S. W. through the provinces of Podolia and Budziac Tartary, failing into the Black Sea, between Ockzakow, and the river Nieper. Bog, a tovm of Scotland, in the fliire of Banf, rear the mouth of the river Spey, four miles S. of Munay Frith, and ico N. of Edinburgh. Lon. 2. 18. E. lat. 37. 40. N. * Bog D» 1 9, a confiderahle nation of EaAern Tartary, on the N. of China. The trade confifts in the fkins of fables and black foxes. Bog L 10, a diHtriA in the territories of the Duke of Savoy, lying en the river Tinea, on the frontiers of Provence ; the chief place is of the fame n.«me. Bog L 10, a town of Piedmont, and county of Nice, being the capital place of a territory of the fame name, feated on the frontiers of France, a 5 miles N. W. of Nice. Lon. 4. 50 E. lat. 44. ix. N. BoGOTO, the capital town of New-Gra- B O K nada, in Terra Firma, in S. America, near which are gold mines. It is fubjeA 10 Spain. Lon. 73, 55. W. lat. 4. o. N. BoMiMiA, akinedomofEurope, bound- ed on the N. by Mifnia and Luface, on th« E. by Sileda and Moravia, on the S by Auf^ria, and the W. by Bavaria. It it about 100 miles in length, and 150 in breadth, and is very fertile in corn, faffron, hops, and pastures. In the mountains there are mines of gold and filver, and in (otnc places are fine diamonds, granates, cop- per, and lead. The Roman Catholic re- ligion is the principal, though there are many Proteftants. The chief n'veis ar« only the Muldau, the Elbe, and the Oder. Their language is the Sclavonian, with it, mixture of the German. The capital town, or city, is l*rague. It is fubje€i to the houfe of Auflria. BoHOL, one of the Philippine Idands. in Afia, lying to the N. of, the ifland 0^ Min- danao, and S. W. of Leyte. Lon. itz. 5. E. lar. 10. o. N. BoiANO, an epifcopal town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and m tjie countf of Molefe j feated at the foot of the Appen- nine Mountains, near the river Tilerno, 1^ miles S, of Molefe, and 45 N. E. of N.iple). Lon. 14. 33. E. lat. 4.1. '^o. N. • BufNiTz.a town of Upper Huntjary, in the county of Zol>, remarkable forrt baths, and for ths qu.intity of fatfron that grows about it. Lon- 19. 10. £. lat. 4^. 4X.N. Bois-LC-Duc, a large, ftrong, and handfome town of the Netherlands, in Dutcli Brabant, feated between the river* Dommel and Aa, among moralfes, 22 miies E. of Breda, 45 N. £. of Antwerp, and 4s S. of .AmQeidam. Lon. 6. 16. £. lat. 31. 45- N' Bokhara, a town of Tartary, in the country of the Ufoecks, and capital oJ a kingdom of the fame name. It is a br^c, populous place, and feated on a riliiit: ground, with a Hender wall of earth, and a dry ditch. The houfes are low, and moftly built of mud ; but the caravanferas, and mofques, which are numerous, are all of brick. The Bazars, or market places, have been (lately buildings ; but the greatelt part of them are now in ruins : thefe were generally built of brick and flone. Here is alfo a (lately building, for the education of the p iells; who, though M.ihymetans, hate the Ferfians more than the Ciiriflians. The air and foil are wholefome ; but the water is bad, and breeds worms, between the (kin and the A«4h, of greaf length. Great number of Jews and Arabians fre- quent B O L ^Mflt thi* place ) but the kli.'.n feizes «n their poirellions at his pIcaAire. The pro- duce of tlie ccuntry is cotton, furn, down, rice, and cattle} and they manufa£\ure foap, cotton, and calicoe. They import ihubaib, nMiik, and callor, befides many other valuable drugs, from the Black Cat- mucks, and Tafchund. It it 70 miles E. cf (he river Amo, and 13 W. by S. of Si- marcand. Lcn. 65. 50. E. lat. 39. 15. N. * Bokc-Mkalx, a capital town of a province of the fame name, lying under the Line in Africa. This country is inhabited by Jagas, who purchafe elephants teeth from (heir neighbours, and bring them to Cuinta for fale. BoLESLAFF, orBvNTZLAV, a town cf Silefia, feated on the river Bobar, 17 miles N. E. of Lignitz, and 25. E. of Gor- litz. Lon. 16. o. E. lat. 51. la. N. * BOLINGBROOK, Or Bu L L I K G B R OK E, a town in Lincolnshire, with a market on Tuefdays, but no fairs. It is feated at the fpring-head of a river, which falls into the 'Witham on a low ground, and it a very ancient town, with the title of an earlJom, tho* now but a mean place. It is 29 miles £. of Lincoln, and izz N. by £. ot Lon- don. Lon. o. 40. E. lat. 53. 15. N. ^ BoLisLAW, a town of Bohemia, 30 miles N. E. of Prague, and fuhjedt to the houfeof Auftria. Lon. 14. 35. E. lat. 50. 15. N. * BoLxowiTz, a town of Silefia, in the duchy of Glogaw, iz miles S. of the town of that name. Lon. 15. xo. E, lat. 51. ay. N. * BoLNCV, a village in SufTex, nine milesN.of New-Shnieham, with two fairs, on May 17, and December 20, for cattle and pedlars wares. B01.0GNA, an ancient, large, rich and •ery handfome town of Italy, in the teiri- tory cf the Church, andc^ipital of the Bo- lognefc ; an archhifhop's fee, and an uni- verfity. The public buildings are magnifi- cent, as well with tegard to thearchite.^ure, as the omanvnts, efpecially the paintings, which are done by the greateft mafters. There are a great number of fuperb palaces, particularly that where the Pope's Nuncio refides ; the private houfes are alfo well built. It contains about So,o6o inhabitants, and 169 churches. All the gates and win- dows are open in the fummer ; infomuch that you may fee into their apartments and gardens, where are vaO numbers of orange- trees, which perfume the air. It is a place of great trade, which is in fome meafure owing to a canal that runt from this city to theaiver Po. The Reno, which runs BOM n<-ar Bologna, turns 400 mills, which srd employed in the ftlk-works ; befides, they deal in wax, foap, hams, faufages, and even lap-dogs, which are greatly esteemed. It it feated at the foot of the Appennine Mountains, 22 miles S. E. of Modena. 2 5 S. W. of Ferrara, 48 N. of Florence, and 175 N. W. of Rome. Lon. 11. 30. E. lat. 44. 27. N. B0LOCNC8B, a fmall province of Italy, in the territory ot the Church, bounded on the N. by the Fcrrarefe, 1 the W. by the duchy of Mudena, on tlie S, by Tufcany, and on the E. by Romania. It is watered by a great number of fmall rivers, which render the foil the mofl fertile of any in Italy. Bologna is the capital, and from the great produce of the land is called Bo- logna THE FAT. It produces abun- dance of all forts of grain and fiuits, parti- cularly mullcadine grapes, which are in high ellecm. There are alfo mines of alum and iron; and they fabricate large quantities of hnen, filk-Aockings, and cloth. BoLSENNA, a town of Italy, feated on a lake of the fame name, in the Patrimony of St. Peter } eight miles S. W. of Orvieto, and 45 N. of Rome. Lon. 11. 3. £. lat. 41. 37. N. BoLSWAERT, a town of the United Provinces, in Weft Friezland, and in the county of Weftergoe, eight miles N. of Slooten, and 13 S. W. of Lewarden. Lon. 5. 35. E. lat. 53. 6. N. Bolton, a town of Lancafhiie, with a maiket on Mondays, and two fairs, on July 19, and Odtobcr 2, for herfes, horned cattle, and cheefe. It is 11 miles N. W. of Manchefter, and 237 N. N. W. of Lon- don, Lon. 2. 15. W. lat. 53. 55. N . • Bolton, a village in the Weft Rid- ing of Yorklhire, three miles N. E; of Skipton, with one fair, on June 28, for cattle and pedlars wares. • Bolzano, a large and handfome town of Germany, in the county of Tirol, feated on the liver Eifach, 18 iniles S. W. of Brixen, and 27 N. of Trent. Lon. 11. 16. E lat. 46. 42. N. Bomal, a town of the Auftrian Ne- therlands, in the province of Luxemburg, feated on the river Ouit, 20 miles S. of Liege. Lon. 5. 35. E. lat. 50. »o. N. Bo M B A Y, an ifland on the W. coaft of the peninfula on this fide (he Ganges, in the Eaft Indies, feven miles«in length, and 20 in circumference. It came to the Eng- lifh by the marriage of Charles II. with Catherine of Portugal. The ground is barren, and good water fcarce. It was foimcrly counted very unhealthy ; but, by draining BON draining the bogs, and other methods, the air is (;reatly altered for the better. Thib idand is eminent for little cITe bcfide i b fort and harbour. They have abundance ut cocoa nuts, but fcarce any corn, or cattle, but what are brought from the adjacent country. The inhabitants are of feveral nations, and very numerous. It is very well ftcuated for trade on the continent of India, and is one of the piincipal fettle- menu the EngliHi have in this part of the world, Tht factory, and thofe depend- ing upon tliem, arc now a corporation, and governed by a mayor and aldermen, as in England. Ic is i}o miles S. of Surat, and zoo N. of Gua. Lon. 73. o. E. lat. 19. o. N. * Bom BON, a barren province of S. America, in Peru, and in the Audience of Lima. BoMENE, a Tea-port townof the United Provinces, in Zealand, feated on the N. fhore of the IHand of Schonen, oppofite to the ifland of Goree. Lon. 4. 5, £. lat. 51. so. N. BoMMEL, a liandfome town of the United Provinces, in Durch GuelderlanH It was taken by the French in 1672, who demolished tlic fortifications. It is feated on the N. fhore of the river Wahal, and is four miles N. E. of Nimeguen. Lon. 5. 15. E. lat 51. s;. N. Bonaire, an idand of S. America, near the N. coaft of Terra Firma, to the S. E. of Curaflbu, and to the N. W. of Marga- rita. It belongs to the Dutch, and it a- bounds in kahrittoes and fait. Lon. 66. 18. W. lat. 20. 16. N. BoNAis, very high mountains of Italy, in the duchy of Savoy, not far from LalT- nebur^ ; in feme feafons they cannot be afcended without great danger. BoNAVENTURA, a bay, harbour, and fort of S. America, in Popayan, 90 miles E. of Cali. Lon. 75.-18. W. lat. 3. 10. N. Bona VIST A, the mofl eancrn of thofe of Cape Verd Idantls. It is zo miles in length, and z in breadth, and was for- merly the beftof them all } has ftill a great many goatu, much cotton, and fome indigo. The inhabitants are blacks and very lazy. It is zoo miles W. of the coafl of Africa, and (ubjeA to Portugal. Lon. Z3. 6, W. lat. 16. 5. N. Bonifacio, a fea-port town of the ifland of Corfica, nea the mountains. It is well fortified, and populous, and lies 37 miles S. of Agaccia. Lon. 9. to. E. lat. 41- 95. N. Bonn, a fmall, but ftrcng and ancient town of Qermany, in the electorate of B O R Cologne, and where the elector commonly reticles. It was taken by thudukeof MarU b lough, in 1703. The palace of the eltdlor it handfome, and the gardens mag- nificent. It i!> feated on the weftern banks of tie Rhine, 10 niileb S. of Cologne, an«l 60 N. by W. of Mentz, Lon. 7. 5. E. lat. jO. 44. N. BoNNA, or Bona, a fea-port town of Africa, in the kingdom of Algiers, and piovince of Con(\antine. It was taken by I he emperor Charles V. in 1535} but the Turks afterwards enlarged the fortifi- cations. It is 75 miles N. by E. of Con- liantine, and zoo E. of Algiers. Lon. 8. 5. E. lat. 36. 2. N. Bonne Eiperance. See Caps or Good Hope. Bonnestablb, a town of Fiance, in Le Maine ; it .arties on a great trade in corn; and is 15 miles N. E. of Mans. Lon. o. 30. E. lat. 48. 11, N. Bonneval, alown of France, inEjauce, with a tine BeneJ.id^.ine abbey. It is feated on the river Loire, eij^l.t miles N. of Cha- teaudun. Lon. 1. 30, E. lat. 48. 10. U, Bonneville, a town of Savoy, feated on the N. fide of the river Arve, and fub- jedl to the king of Sardinia i zo miles S. of Geneva, Lon. 6. 10 W. lat. 46. 18. N. * Bonny, a town of France, in Gaii- nois, fe.'f^d on a river of the fame name, near it;, confluence with the Loire, five miles S. of Kr;are. * Boot EL, a village in Cumberland, five niilesS. of Ravcnglaf^, with two fairs, on Apiil 5, and September 24, for cloth and corn. * BopriNGRN, a fmall, free, and im- perial town of Germany, in Swabia, fented on the river E^er, four miles E, ot Awlen* Lon. 9. 55. W. lat. 48. 51. N. Bo p p A R T, a town of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, and in the arch, bifhoprick of Treves } feated at the foot of a mountain, near the Rhine, eight miles S« of Coblentz. Lon. 7. 35. W. lat. 50. 19 N. BoRBEREK, a town of Tranfilvania, in the county of Wei(1«mburg, feated on th« river Maros, with a cafile on a high rock fortified with towers. BoRCH, a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Magdeburg ; feated on the river Elbs, 14 miles N. £. of Magdeburg* Lnn. iz. 15. W, lat. 5Z. Z5. N. BoRCHLOEK, a town of Germany, in the bifhop'rick cf Liege, fubjeft to that bifhop. It is 15 miles N. VV. of Liege. Lon. 5. z8. W. lat. 50.. 50 N. BoRDOB, an ifland belonging to Norway, and B O R Rnd one of thofe called the Faro IHinds. It hsi .1 fecure harbour on tl>«s N. W, Ade, ciillei) Klack. BoRGO, an ancient town of Sweden, fituatcd oil the Kulph of FinUnH, and in the province of Nyland, lo m:lcs K. E. )f Ht\(\n^fori. Lon. »6. 25. E. iat. 60. 34. N. BoRPO-FoKTB, a town of I'aly, in the duchy of Mantu.t, feated on itie river Po, 10 miies S. of Mantua. Lon. 11. 3. £. Iat. 55. 3. N. BorcoSan Domino, an epifcopal town of Italy, in the duchy of Panna, ii miles W. of Parma, and ao S. E. of Clacentia. Lon. ic. 31. E. Iat. 41. 53. N. Bob co-d I'San-Sepu I cro, an epifco- pal town of Italy, in Tufcany, 40 miles E. of Florence, anc Ave N> E. of Arczzo. Lon. la. 59. E. Iat. 43. 35. N. BoaGO-VAL-oi-TARo,a townof Ualy, in the duchy of Parma, ao miles S. W. ol Parma, and 'ubjedV to the houfe of Auflria. Lnn. 10. 36. E. Iat. 44. 35 N. BoRjA, a fmall town of Spain, in (he ' kingdom of Arragcn, la miles S. E. of Taracona, and 35 N. W. of SaragofTa. Lon. 2. 2. W. Ut. 41. 50. N. * BoR i<).uKN,an ifland of N. America, near that of Purto-Rico. The English fet- tled there, but were drove away by the Spaniards. It is at prcfent without inha- bitants, though agreeable and fer.ile, the air being wholefome, and the water good. There are a great number of land crabs, from whence fome call it Crab Ifland. Lon. 'v- 3S' W- *«'• '8. o. N. BORISTHBNXS. SeeNlEPER. *BoRKtLO, aftrong town of the United Provinces, in the county of Zutphen, frated on the river Borkel, 10 miles E. of Zutphen. Lon; 6. 30. E. Iat. 52. 15.N, BoRMio, a handfome populous town of the country of the Crifons, and capital of a county of the fame name ; feated on tlie river Adda, 47 miles S. £. of Ccirf, and 17 N. E. of Tirano. Lon. 10. 10. £. iat. 26. 45. N. BoiNKO, an iHand of Afia, in the EaA- indies, and the iargeft in the known vt^orld. It was difcovered by the Portu^uefe in 1 52 1 j is about i8co miles in circumference, and almoft of a round form. The inland ccun try is very mountainous ; but towards tlie ita, low and marHiy, occafioned by the great rains that fall eight months in liie A'car. It produces rice and many forts of fruits, befides ftveral animals unicnown to the EuropeRns. Pepper ts peculiar to the countries about Bangaar } and to the weft- wiard they have fm^ll diamonds of a yellow BOS watei 1 Sambafs, another part of this iflanif, produces gold, pearls, and beeswax, whirls lafl is ufed inHcad o» money. The |)r »>le in general are very fwarthy, hut not qvu't black, Rnd fliey go .ilmoft naked. 'Ihera are Mahomctank un the fea coat) } but .ill the rtll aio Gentoo;., or Pagans. The E. India company have had faAories here ; but diftVrences arifing hetwten them and tha natives, they have been all d>iven away, or murdcied : however, tlie Knglifh have rtiil a liberty of tradmg to the ifland The lea-coaft it ufually ovcitlowed lialf the year, and when tlie waters go off, the earth is covered with oufe and mud ; for which reafon, fome of the houfes are built on floats, and others on high pillars, or poflt. The capital town is of the fame name, and large and populous, with a good har- bour, and feated en the N. fide of tha ifland, 42 miles S. W. of Bacafa. Lon. 1 1 1. 27. E. Iat. 4. 55. N. Born HOLM, aniflmdofthe Baltic Sea. 10 miles S, £. of Schcnen in Sweden, and 43 N. E. of the Ifle of Rugen. Lon. 14. 56. E. Iat 55. 15. N. BoRNO, or Bournou, a kingdom of Africa, on the ea^crn part of Negro-land. It produces plenty of corn, has no towns, but feveral villages ; the inhabitants go al- mofl naked, living in a brutifh manner, and having their women in common. How- ever, they have a king, to whom they are ver/ obedient. They have neither lawf nor religion, at leaft none that could be difcerned by thofe who have been among them. Many of thofe people rove about in tents, like the Arabs. BoRouGHiiRir>ce, a town in the North Riding of Yoikfhire, with a market on Sa- turdays, and three fairs, on April 27, for horned cattle and fheep, on June 22, for horfes, horned cattle, fheep, and hard- wares, and on October 23, for horned cat- tle and (huep. It is feated on the S. fide of the river Your, over which there is a hand- fome Aor.c bridge. The town is not large, bur commodious ; and fends two members to parliament. It is 17 miles N. of York, and zoo N. by W. of London. Lon. i« 15. W. Iat. 54. 10. N. BosA, a f«a- port town in the weAern part of the ifland of Sardinia, witk a bifhcp\'> fee, a caf\le, and a pretty good bar- bcui . Ir is an ancient place, and feated on a river of the fame name, 17 miles S. E. of Alghier, and 27 N. of Qriflagni. Lon. 8. ^o. E. lar. 40. 19. N. * Bosco, or BoECHi, a town of Italy, in the Milanefe, feated on the river Orbe, Ave Mtlet £. of i\leffAndriai and 12 N. E. of ! BOS tf Aqui. Lon. 9. 44. E. lat. 44 5^ M. BoiN a-Sbk AGO, a large Mnd It uog town of Tuiky, in Europe, and capital ut tl>e province of Bofnia. It is no niilc« S. W. of Belgiadtf, and 66 S E. ot Jiiola. Lon. ig. 57. E. lat. 44. 40. N. Bos N I A, a province of Tuiky, in Em ope, bounded ori the N. by ScLvonia, on itie E. by Servia, on the S. by Albtnia, and on the W. by Croatia and Drfliiiatia. It is tt in ieni;il>, and a mile and a quarter in breadili whet'.- it is narrowert. The Tui ks have built two cables over againft each other, to defend the pafTage. It feparates Alia from Turopf j and the country about it t* very pleafan;. On the one fide of it Aandi ConOantinople, and on the other Scutari, wlirre the (irand Seignior has a palace, and is looked upon as a fuburb toCunAantinnple. BossiNBY, or BossCastik, a town in Cornwall, whofe market is difcontinued ; but it has two fairs, on Augufl 5. .ind November 32, for hoifcs, oxen, fheep, cloth, and a fow hops. It is feated on the fea-coaft, 17 miles N. W. of Launcefton, and 142 W. by S. of London. Lon. 5. c. W. lat. 50. 40. N. It fend» two members to parliament. BossoxA. See Bussarah. Bo&soPT, a town of the Auflrian Ne- therlands, in the province of Brabant, eight miles S. of Louvain. Lon. 4. 30. E. lat. 50- S»- N. BosT, a very ftrong town of Afia, in Perfia, and capital of the province of Sa- bleftan. Lon. 64. 15. B. lat. 31. 50. N. Boston, a town of Lincolnlhire, with two markets, on Wednefdays and Satur- days, and three fairs, on May 4, for fheep, another on Auguft 11, called Tonn Fair, and on December 11, for horfes. It is commodioufly feated on both fides the river Witham, over which it has a handfome, high, wooden bridge ; and, being not far from its influx into the fea, enjoys a good trade. It is a large handfome town, wih a rpai.ious market-place; as alfo a i^igh f^eeple, which fome pretend is the btft built (\ru£lure in the world 5 and fcrves n% a land-mark for Tailors. It is 37 miles S. £. of Lincoln, and 114 N. from London. Lon. o. 15. E Ur. 53 3. N. BoiToi't, the capital of New-England, B O T \r. Nfitth Ameiira, frattd on a penin^'uta, a' the boiti m o a fine bay, coverol t>y fmill ifljnds and locks, and iltfcn' cd by a callic nnil pl.iifinins (.f K""S which lender iliu H( |.cnt about tho h.iibour I an1 the country beyond lilmif ifia''ually, aff^.tds a delightful profptd. There is only one Ufe channel to ap{>roach the h.iibour, and that fonairow, that thrco Hiip^ can fciric fail a bicaH; but within t' c liaibour, there is room for 500 fail to 1)6 at anchor. At the bottom of the hay, h a pier, near zoco feet in length, whicti (hi| s ot the greatcA burden may coint up dole to i and, on the N. Adr, there are waic Diifcilot the merchants. Thellree's ate handfonK', particularly that cx'endinij from the pier to the town-houfe. There are 10 chutclus of all denominations, of wt)i„h (ix b'.lonij to the indrpenu'ems. At eai h end of the town is a battery of eight guns ; and, about a league from it, a bL':>utirul llroc.g callle, with a large gar- rifon in time of war. The number of iithihitantk is about 14,000 ; and is one of the mofl fiourifhing towns in NorlJi-A- merica. Lon. 71. 5. W. lat. 42. 14. N. BoswoRTii, a town in LeiceftetfliirC) with a ina'ket on Wednefdays, and two fairs, on May 8, for horfes, cows, and (lieep, and on July 10, for horfes and cows. It ii feated on a pretty high hill, in a country fertile in corn and grafs } and fa« mous for a bloody battle fought here be- tween Richard III. and Henry earl of Richmond, afterwards Henry Vll wherein Richard loft bis life and crown. It is 13 miles S.W. of Leicefter, and 104 N. N.W. of Lcndon. Lon, i. 94. W. lat. 5X. 45. N. Bothnia, a conllderable province of Sweden, lying on a gulph of the fame name, which divides it into two parts, called E. and W. Bothnia. The coalls of this gulpti are full of inhabitants. BoTTisDALC. See Bvdtesdalx. BoTWAR, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suahia, 15 milts S. E. of Hail- bron ; fuhjeft to the duke of Wirtcmberg. Lon. 9. 1 5. W. lat. 49 o. N. • BoTZENBUBG, a Iiandfome tow n of Germany, in the duchy of Me^klerhu'g, feated on the liver Elbe. Lon. 5 4S. £. lat. 53 34, N. Bo v. A, an epifcf^pal town of I'aly, in the kini^dcm of Naples ; feattd rear the Api.>enine Moufitains, to miles S E. o£ Regn'o. Lon. 16.15. E. laf. 37. 55 N. Bou CHAIN, a fortified town of the French Netherlands, in the province of B O U HaintiaU } divided into two parts by the river S^hcH. It was taken by the Fiencit in 1676, and by the Allies in 1711 ; but rc'aken the year following. It is nine miles W. of Valenciennes, and 10 S. E. of Douay. Lon 3 15. E. lat. 50. 17. N. * BoucHART, a town ot Tcuraine, in Fiance, fnuaied in a fmall ifl^nd, formed by the river Vienne, 1 5 miles from Tours. * Bo u DRY, a fmall town of SwiiTer- land, in the piincipality of Neuf Chate!, and capital of a chatelainry of the fame name. Lon. 7. 5. E. la^ 47. 11. N. * Bour/LBRS, a town of France, in Beauvoifis, dc ended by a caAI«, before which is an equeftrian flatue of Lewis XiV. It is feated on the river Terraine, •ight miles from Beauvais. * BoucHTPN, a village in Northamp- tonfhire two mile* N E of Kettering, with one fair, for ready-made doaths. * Bovey-Traci Y, a village in De- vorfhire, five miles N E of AHiburton, with two fairs, on Holy Thurfday, for fhcep, and on July 7, for wool. Bouillon, a town of France, in the duchy ot the fame name, and in the ter- ritory of Luxemburg : it has a calUe, feated on an almofl inacccflible rock, ntar the river Semois, iz miles N. E. of Sedan. Lon. 5. 20. £. lat. 49. 41;. N. * BouiN, an ifle of France, on thecoaft of Lower Pui.ou, from wliicti it is ft-pa- rated by a nariow channel. It is five miles in length, and has one town, Bovl^ES, a fmall tovvn of the Anftrian Netheilands, in ihe piovince of Namur, ftated on the liver Maefe, or Meufe, 10 miles S. of N.irriur, and two N. of Dinant. Lon. 4, 50. E lat. 50. 20. N\ BoTiNo, an epifcopa! town of Italy, in the Capitanara, feated at the foot of the Appenine Mountains, fcvtn miles S. of Troga, and 15 N. E. of B^nevento. Lon. 16. 15. E. lat. 41. 17. N. Boulogne, a large and handfcme fea- port tovn ot France, .n Picardy, capital of the Boulognois, and t'le lee of a hiihop. It is divHed into two towns, the Higher and the Lower. Tlie foimer is flrons;, both by naiureand att ; the lactcr is only fur- rcunrled w i h a fingle wall. TliC harbour lias amoh for tlic f.4fe:y of thelhips j and which, at the f;. America, and a French fel- tiement on thecoaflof Guiana. Lon. 51. 50 W. lat 5. » N, Bourgc-knBr E<:se, a town in France, and capital of Rieffe, in the province of Burgundy. It is fealed on t>ober 39, «or •'otftfs, and liornedcartle. It is feated near ifpiin-.; called Burn well-head, from which proceeds a river ihst tuns tliioun the top of a fmall liill, and round i' , :• oe-wall. Thel.oufet are noi built on the ^^ .^'jIiI, but upon pofts. Their re ii;ion i> M ih imetanifm. Lon. izi. 30. E bt. 4. 30 S. BowTONur, a tier of Saintonpe in France, lltat arifes a' L**'«.fRoiitonne. It hevcmcs navigable at St Jvan d'Angely, Ar.,' at ieng'h j )ins the Ca^nte between St, Savinian and Tonnay Chaiante. • Fow, a villai^e in Middlefex, two m'les E of London, with a fair on Thuif- day, Friday, and Saturday in Whitfun- week, for toys. Bow, a town in Devonfhire, with a market on Thurfdays, and two fairs, on f^oIy Thurfday, and November as, for ca'tle. It is ftated at tlie fpting head of a river that fall) into the Taw, and i^ a fmall pretty town, but the market inconfidtrable. It is 14 miles N. W. of Exeter, and 187 W. by S of London, Lon. 4. 0. W. lat. 50. 4.;. N. M % BoXTEDf BRA • BoXTio, a vUla^'c in Suffolk, five mile* N. E. of Clare, with one iair, on Whit Tue day, for cat>le, BoxTtu, a town of the NetIiefUnfl«, in Dutch Brabant, feattd «n the fiver Uom- mel, eiKht milei S. of Boiiie due. Lon. 5. 15. E. l*t. 51. 30. N. BoXTHuni, a town of Gcrminy, in the ci'cle of Lower Saxony, and in tlic ducliy of Bremen. It i;ifr;i;c>J on a hrook winch fn\\% into the ri'er Elhc, iz miles S.W. of Hamburf;, ami 4.x N. by K, i-t Urcmcn. Lon. 9. 35. E. lat. 53. 40. N. BoYNC, a river of IrclanH, rifinf; in Queen's-ci-uniy, in the piovlnce of Ltin ftcr, and running N. R. by Pno) andCtvjn, fall* into the Iitfli Channel, a little below Droglirda. Hi re a battle was fru.lit be- tween king James II. and king William III. in i6po, wherein the litter was viftoiious. Bovoi.o, a town of Italy, in the du' by of Mantua, capital uf a teintory of the fame name 5 fubjtft to the houfc of \u flria, and lies 1 ; milcb S. W. of Maniua Lon. 10. 25. E. Ut. 45. 9. N. Brabant, a large province of tlie Ne- therlands, with the title of a duchy. It is bounded on the N. by the province of Hol- land and tlie dnchy of GueKlcrland, on the E. by the fame duchy and the bi(lu>pritkof J.icj;e, on the S. by the provmcc of N,»mur and Hainhalt, and on the W, byRrahant and Zealand It is divided into Dut> h Hr.ihant and Aurtria Br»banr j watered by feveral rivers, of which the ScheH, tlu- Rup[)el, and the Dammel are the chii-f. The foil is \ery fertile } contains 16 fortified towns, of which BrufTels is the capital. • Br acc iano, a dii^-hy of Paly, in tlie P atiimony of St. Peter, lying round a lake of the fame name ; there are celebrated baths a little to the W. of the city. Br ACC I A NO, a fmall handfome town pf Italy, in the Patiim'^nv of St. Peter, feated on a lake of the fame name, la miles N. W. of Rome. Lon. 3. 14. E. lal. 43. 5. N. * Bracklaw, a palatinate of Poland, 'forminit the eaftein part of Podolia ; called Lower Podolia ; it is almofl defolate, on ac- count of the neighbourbor>d of the Tartars. BtACKLAw, 9 flrong town of Poland, papital of a palatinate of the fame name, jn Podolia. It was taken by t-lie Turks in 1672, and retaken by the Poles three years fifter. |t is feated on the river Botr, 100 miles E. of Kaminieck, and 112 N. of <|*ckin. Lon. 29. 40. E. lat. 48 49. N. Brackliy, a town of Northampton- fliire, with a market on Wedntf.'ays, and ^Ve (4'"*4 PO Wfdnefday afc(r February 25, BRA for livifes, cowl, and Oieep { on ika 3(1 Sn'urday in April, for horfei, cows, and hog* } on VVtdntfilay after June la, for horfci and cowi } on Wednefday before OtHober 10, for horfci, cows, and hiring otfetvanti; on December 11, for horfes, cowl, and Iheep. It is feated on a branch hf the river Oufe, and it a corporation. containir>)( two churches. It had f>>rmrrly a college, now turned into a hee-fchool, and fends two members to parliament. It h iS miles S. W. of Notthampion, and 57 N. W. of Loadun. Lon. 1. 15. W. Ut, 51. o. N, Brad, a town of Sclavonia, feated on the N. fideof the river Save, 1 S miles S. of Po'^ei'.a. I.on. 18. 40, E. lat. 45- »"• N. Br A or I e I. n, a town in Elfcx. with 4 maikct on Thurfdayi, and one lair, on June 24, for toyi. It is 16 miles N. of Ciielmsfotd, and 48 N. E. of London, Lon. o. 30. E lat. 51. 54. N. * Br Ann EI. P, a village in the Weft- Riding of Yoiklhiic, and in the wapontake of Strabforth, with two fairs, on June 17, and Dccnnber 9, chitfly for hogs. Bb ADFORP, A town in Wiltfliire, with a market on Mondays, and one fair, on Trin.ty. Monday, fur cattle, and millenery goods. It lA feated on the river Avon, on the defcent of a lull, 11 miles W. of the Devizes, and 95 W. of London. Lon. a, 40 E. lat. 51. ao. N. Brapporth, a town in the Weft-Rid- ing of YoiklTiirc, with a maiket on Mon- days, and three fairs, on March 14, and 15, and June 28, 29, 30, for horned cat- tle and houfhold furniture, and on Decem- ber 20,21,2 2, very ia'ge forhogi. It is fear?'! on a branch of the river Are, 36 milesS. W. of York.and 183N.N. W. of London. Lon. 1. 35. W, lat. 53. 40. N. *Bradninch, a town of Devonftiire, which formerly had a market on Saturdays, but no fairs, and was a corfiderable place before a fire happened, which burnt it to the ground. )t is 1 a miles N. of Exeter, and 177 W. by N. of London. Lon. 3. 35. W. lat. 50. 45. N. Br A K • M A R, a mountainous territory of Scotland, in the ftiire of Aberdeen, where tlie laft Earl of Mar began to raife a rebel- lion in 171 5. It is 27 miles N. W. of Aberdeen. BKAE-Miraa A V, a mountainous and woody tr.-!^ of lane*, lying in the (hires of Elgin and Nairn in Scotland. Br AGA, a town of Portugal, and capital of the province of Entie-Minho-e Douro. The country about it is fertile in com, pulfei wine,and fruits: and there are alfoabun^ancq of BRA ef ftiwp »ni\ g.imc It ii fe*»e«1 on thf river Cavado, ]2 miles N of "orio, »t\A i7i>N, of LiAijn. Lon. 7. to. «V. Iat.41. 10 N. lUACANSA.a confHerable town of Por- tugal, capital ot the Hucliy of Uragania, in the province of Tia-lot Monte*. It is divided into two towns, ihe Old, and the Ncv. The Old is ftaied iAiho biiicvc ilie immortality and tianfmi^-rafion oi fouU i for which reafon, they never kill any anmul for f<-ar it fhuuld be cnc of ttifir anetltnrs. They afftmi, that Brahma was the firll man j that he had a power ot cic.tinj^ciglit fudi worlds as that whicli we live in; and that he govtrns by dvpiities. '1 'ley lave hofpiiali for hcafts, but think the r uU of men continue in tlicm no lon- ger th.in wien they become fit to animate mankind again. They take care of the fcliools; and, by their falbng and morti- flcations, arc held in high veneration among the people. Bkaila, a town of Turky in Europe, in Walachia, feated on the Danube. It has a fortified caQlc, with feven towers, and was taken by the Ruffians in 171 1 ; but aftei wards given hack, • Brailrs, a villsge in Warwickfliire, 3 miles VV. of Shipflon, with one fair, on £a(\er Tuefday, for horfes, cows and fheep. Brailow, a town of Poland, in the province of Podolia, feated on the river B>~g, 40 miles N of Brackiaw. Lon. 29. o. E. lat. 43. 50. N. Br A IN E, a town of France, in the Soif- fonnois, with a mona(\ery. It is feated in a pirafanc plain, on the liver Veflft. Br A IN Lz CoMPTt, a town of the Au- Hrian Netherlands, in Hainhalt, 15 miles S. W. of BrufTels, and izN. E. of Mans. Lon. 4. II. E lar. 50. 35. N. Braintrie, a town in ElTex, with a market on Wedntfdays, and two fairs, on May 8, and Odlober 2, for cattle, butter, cheefe, and hops, for three days. It is a large town, feated on a hill, and has a good market for corn and provifions. It has one church, an Anabaptill and a Qua- kers meeiing hourej and U 11 miles N. of BRA Clielmsford, 3a S.nf St. Edmund**- Bitry, and 4* N. K. of London. Lon. o. 3$. E« lat. ;i. 50. N. Bbakil, a town of Germany, in th« circle of WeAphalia, and in the bifhoprick of Paderborn, feated on the rivulet Brughr, iz milei E. of Paderborn. Lon. 9. 8. E« lat. 51. 46. N. Bramant, a town of Savoy, in the valley of Maunen, feated on the river Arck, 3S mile* N. W. of Turin. Lon. 4. 15. E, lat. 45. o. N. Brambcit, a town ofSuflTsx, formerif of fome account, but has neither market nor fair ) however-, it fends two members to parliament. It i> 19 miles S. of WeA- GiinfUad; and 47 S. S. W. of London* Lon.o. 15, W lat. 50. 50. N. Br AM FORI, a large town of Alia, in the dominions re dvchies of Magdeburg and Clcvei, tt c principalitiei of Htlben'iadt and Min^en, the counties of Marcit, KaverA)urf;, Lin fcn, Meeers, and Te(.klingburg, and lately »il*(ia, and Weft-Fncnand. Brandbnbvrg, a town of Oermany, iKvidcd into three parts. Tlie firO is Dur^- Brandenburg, wliichii the place where the cathedral now Aamli. The ferond i% Alt- Brandenburr, feateit near the river H^vel, en the fide of Weftphalia : this is pretty large and populous, and is fuppofed to he the ancient Brenui. The third is Ne%v Brandenburg, which is a large well built town, oppofiie to the fornier, and is feated on the other fide of the river. Great num- ben of French refugees having been lately ftttled here, they have introduced their ■fianufaAures, and thus rendered it a piof- perous trading place. It is 20 milet> E. of Warin, and 26 W. of Berlin. Lon. 14. 5. E. lat. 43. 39 N. BaANooN, a town of SufTolk, which kada maiket on Thurfdays, nowdifconti aucd { but it has three fairs, on February 14, for cattle and toys, on June it, and November 11, for toys. It is feated upon the little river Oufe, over which it has a bridge, and a ferry at a mile's diflance ; whence it is divided into Brandon, anl Brandon-Ferry, which lafl has the moft bufinefs, becaufe commodities are brought thither from thelfle of Ely. It is 12 miles N. of Cury, and 78 N. E. of London. Len. o. $$. E. lat. 52. 30. N. BRANsKA,a townofTranfylvania, feat- «tJ on the river Merifh, 35 miles S. of Wif- feitburg, and 47 S, W. of Hermanftadt. It is fubjcA to the houfe of Auilria. Lon. s. t$. E.lat. 46. o. N. Brash, a large country of S. America, with the title of a principality, which is given to the prcfumptive heir of the crown of Portugal. The moft Eaftern part of South America is comprehended under this name, and lies between the equino£tial line and the tropic of Capricorn, being about i;6o(nilesin length, and 1000 in breadth ) bat, meafuring along the coa(t, BRA it ii near iroo miles lunf;, ^pd i» bordered Willi mouniaint that opm from iiine 10 time, and form good h-nbourt, where vvf» f«ls may l)e in fadty. it was dilcove ed by chance in 1 s<}0 < for Aharez Cab'al, a I'ortugucfe, wasfoiced upon it by a tem- pi(\} and the kings of Portugal have con- tinued maltcrs of it ever finct*. Some unia after the revolt of the United Tiuvinccs, from the King of Spam, the Dulc < t'ro'.t away the Spaniards, to wlicm It rhcn he- lonicd) hut the I'ortoguere in their (urn, obliged tde Dutwh to leave it in 16^5- The air of this country, tliouj»h within the toriid zone, is pretty tempci ate and whole* fome; insomuch that people live theie a long while. The waters m gentral are very good, and the foil fei tile and excellent : there comes more fugarfrom thtnce, than all other parts of the world : helides this. It produceb tobacco, Indian corn, feveral forts cf fruits, and medicinal drugs. Tie wood brought from Brafiil, and hence fo caPed, is of very great ufe in dying red j and, within the count* y. there is g"ld, and fcvcrrfl foits of p'erious Hones : like- wife the caMic, carried over from Europe, increafe piodiRionfly, infomiich that there is no want of provtfions They have feveral forts of animals not kno^>«n in Emopc} and among the refl, a bird called Colibri, whofe body is not muc^i larger than that of a May-buf^, and it ftngs as harmonioufly as a nightingale; it is a perfcdl beauty, and the n'ck is of fuch a lively red, that it might be mifiaken for a ruby 5 the hi My, and the upper part of the wings, are of the colour of gold, and the thighs are as green as an emerald ; the legs and bill are as hhck as polifhed ebony, and the eyes refemble two oval diamonds, being of the colour of burnifhed flt-el ; the head is grecr, with a mixure of gold, and of a furprizingluflre; thatof ihecock is adorned with a fmall tutt: it is almoft impolTible to conceive how fo fmall a bird can have fo lo\jd a note. The Portuguefc chiefly inha- bit the fea-roaft, for they have not pene- trated far into the country. The inland parts aie full of people of difTerent lan- gusrcs; but they all agree in wearing no lort of cioaths. They are of a copper colour, with Ion? coarfe black hairnn their heads, hu' without any on t!ie other parts of their bodies like the refl of the Amtricans. They are f^rong, lively, and gay ; and, as they are fuhjeft to few difeafcs, they live a IcnR time. They love to adorn thcmfelves with feathers, and they are very fond of feafts { at which they dance and fkip about im- moderately. 'Hiey have no umples, nor I I any BRA any o»her ngn%( religion { »nA tliey msk<.' | nonM.tor' 'f Scruple to mairy the.r ne«>ell uUtion*. .■''.%)( , ^ tnd that t cy aie ciniball, and cat rt-o(e that tliey have t.iken in war : but tl-i.. » « fabl>r They ti^ivc hi.'ti niad« of the iriinchek of tree*, .ind covcrird wi(!) p^:.'*) tier ieives. Ti>eir lj(ftitureconii.''h chiell »n '' eirtummock*, add dillict, or cups, m > it of Crflh^dic., palnttr wi'liour ol a red tiluur, and black witliin i their kn.vci .irt nnde of a fort ot Hone .111'^ f\i',\\ cmci ; ^nd (Lry tiavc like- wife 1) i;ki:(< . f (iiff)neof theCap«d« Verd Iflanda, on the coafl of Africa, rimarkablc for it* cxctllcnt w ne, and inhabited by Portu> gjci>, a town of Africa, on thecoaft of Ajan, with a pretty good harbour. It is an independent place, and it about 80 miles from Magadoxo. Lon. 41. 35. E« lat. I. o. S. Dray, a feaport town of Ireland, if| the county ol Wicklow, and province of Leinfter, feated on St. Gcorge't Channel, 10 miles S. of Dublin. Lon, 6. 16. W. lat* 53. la. N. Bray«svr-Siinc, a town of France, in Champagne, and in Senonoii, on th0 con6nv:>of Biie. It is 16 miles N. of Sens* Lon. a. 25. E. lat. 48. 35. N. * Bray suk-Sommi, a townof France^ in Picardy, between Pcrone, AmienSi and Corbie. Bft A I J! A , a town and idand on the coaft of Dalmatia, in the Culph n( Venice, op- pofue to Spalatto, and fubjc£t to Venice. Lon 28. o. £. lat. 4-;. o. N. BKEBf.vre, a river of France, proceed- ing from the lake Longpendu, in Burgundf. Brechin, a (parliament- town i/f Scot- land, \•^ the county of A.> us, 15 miles N. E. 01 Dundee, and 45 on tie fame point from Edinburgh. Lon. 2. ii'>. £. lat. 56. 40. N. Drccon, or BRECKNocr., a town of S. Wales, and capital of Brecknocklhire. It is cilled by the Welcli Aber-Honddey, and is feated at the confluence of the rivers Honddey and Ulk. It is an ancient place, as appears by the Roman coins that have been often dug up here. It is a large town, containing three churches, one of which is collegi.ite, and Hands at the W. end. The houfes are well built, and it formerly had a wall, with three gates, und a flately caftle. The affizes are kept here, and it has a good trade in cloathing. The market is on Saturdays, which is well fupplied with crrn, cattle, and provifi^ns ; and it hat four fairs, on May 4, July 5, .September 10, and Novemb«r 17, for leather, hops, cattle, B R E eattle, and all Torts of commodities. It fends one member to parliament, and is 34 milet N. W. by W. of Morfmouth, 34 S. E. by E. of LlanbeJer, and 161 W. by N. •f London. Lon 3.15. W.lat. 51.0 N. * Bkecknockshike, a county of S. Wales, 39 miles in length, and 27 in breadth. It is full of mountains, fome of which are exceeding high, particularly Monuchdenny-hill, not far from Breck nock. However, there are large feitile plains and valleys, which yield plenty of corn, and feed great numbers of cattle. It has 55,934houfes, 61 parifhes, and <°our market-towns, and there were formerly nine caftles. It it bounded on the E. by the counties of Hereford rnd Monmouth, on the S. by Glamorganshire, on the W. by Carmarthen and Cardigan (hires, and on the N. by Radnorfhire. Br EDA, a handfome and flrong town of the Netherlands, in Dutch Brabant. The fortifications are Arengthened by the wa- ters and morafTes near it. The Papiils are more numerous than the ProteHants, and have the free cxcrcife of their religion. It has a Dutch garrifon ; but the property and government of right belongs to the Prince of Orange. It is feated on the river Merck, in a fertile pleafant plain, 22 miles W. of Bois-le-duc, 20 N. E. of Bergen-op-zoom, 35 N. of Antwerp, S2 S. £. of Rotterdam, and 60 S. of Aml\erdam. Lon. 4. 45. £. 3^t. 51. 35. N. * Brede, a village in SuflTex five miles N. W, of Winchelfea, with one fair, on Eafter-Tuefday, for cattle and pedlars ware. • Brsdefort, orBREFORT, a town in the United Provinces, and in Guelder- land. It is feated on a fmall river in the county of Zutphen, eight miles S. of Groll. Lon. 6. 20. E. lat. 52. o. N. • Breganzon, aftrongcaftleofFrance, "in Provence, feated on a rock, »nd in a fmall iHand, on the coaAof theMediterranean Sea, betwixt Teuton and St, Tropez. Bregentz, a town of Germany, and capital of a county of the fame name, in the Tirol, ani! is fubjeft to the houfe of Auftriaf It is feated on the lake ConAance, on thefrontiefS of Snabia, 70 miles N. E. of Appenzel, and 17 S. of Waldburg. Lon. 9. 25. E. lat. 47, 27. N. * Brshar, one of the Scilly Iflands, lying a'.inoft direflly W. of the Land's End in Cornwali, about the diftance of 30 miles. It lies between tl)e ifles of Micailo, GutI, Trel'caw, and Samfon. It is the roiighetl anr! niortMrur.fsinc'isof them all, and not irany ^earj f;:!ce there were only B R E two f-iniiiies in it. hut now there ari thir- teen. There are a icw poor liouies, called the town of Hreliar ^ and there are fevetal barrows edged with ftcne, in which they buritrd confiderable pei fons in ancient times; befides many monuments of the Druids, who were Pagan prieAs. Som.; are of opinion, that this with the reA made but one idand, which is the reafon why fo many antiquities a'e now found in moA of them. Bremec. AR TEN, a handfome and pretty confiderable town of Swiffcrland, in the territory of Fyen-Aempter, between the cantons of Zurich and Bern. The inhabit tants deal chiefly in paper; and their reli- gion is the Roman Catholic. It is divided into the Upper and Lower towns, and ia very advamageouHy feateJ on the river Rufs, 10 miles W. of Zurich, and 12 N. of Zug. Lon. 8. 25. E. lat. 47. 20. N. Bremen, a large, . populous, and very flrong town of Germany, capital of a du- chy of the fame name, with an archbifhop's fee, fecularized in favour of the Swedes, but now belongs to the Eleftor of Hanover, The river Wefcr luns through the middle, and divides it into the Old and New Town. In September 1739. while tlie inhabitants were aileep, the magazine of powder was fet on fire by liglttning, and all the hcufes were fliook, as if there had been a violent earthquake, which threw them into a ter- rible conAernation. This town is divided into four quarters, each of which has a burgomaAer; and in the middle there is a large market-place, with the Aatue of Rolando. It is fea(cd on the river Wefer, 22 miles E. of Oldenburg, 90 N. W. of Brunfwick, 70 W. by S. of Lunenburg, and 325 K. W. of Vienna. Lon. 8. 45. E. lat. 53. 40. N. Bremen, the duchy of a province of Germany, in the province of Lower Saxony, lying between the rivers Wefer and tlie Elbe ; of which the former feparates it from the duchy of Oldenburg, and the otlmr from that of HolAein. The air is cold J but the country is feitile, and well peopled. It formerly belonged to the Swedes, but was afterwards fold to the King of Gisat Britain, as Elector of Hanover, in V716. In the winter it is fiibjeA to inundations, and particularly in 1617, on Chriftmasday, feveral thoufand cattle were drowned, befides feveral hun« dred of men ; and the country was fo cover- ed with write', thar it has roA immenfe fiims to repair tlie dykes. Bremen is the capital town. BREMR^voxsD, « towD of Germany, in B R E irt the circle of Lower Saxony, and duchy of Bremen. It wat formerly a fortihed town, with a ftrong caHle { bur, fmce the year 1683, the fortifications have been demoliOied, and it is now an open place. It is 17 miles N. of Bremen. Lon. 8. 3 5. E. lat. 53. 48. N. * Brbnnk, a territory of France, in Touraine. It lies on the confines of Berry, between Blanc fur la Creufe and Chattillon (\ir rindte. Its exa£l bounds are now hard'i/ Icnown ; but the town of St. Mi- chaeMeBrenne is the principal place. Bkbnt, a town in DevonHiire, with a maiket on Saturdays, and two fairs, on May 1 3, and OAober 10, for horned cat- tle. It i- a port town, 26 miles S. W, of Exeter, 17 N. E. of Plymouth, and xi6 W. by S. of London. Bremti, a river, which has its fource in the biflioprick of Trent, and running through the Venetian territory, falls into the Gulph of Venice, oppofitc to the city of Venice. Bkbntford, a town in Middlefex, with a market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on May 17, iS, 19, and September iz, 13, 14, 15, for horfes, cattle, and hogs- That part in which the church and market place ftands is called New Brentford. It is a great thorouf.hfare on the weftern road, and is well furnifhed with inns. It is feven miles W. of London. Lon. o, 10. W. lat. 51. 26. N. Brentwood, orBuRNTWoon, a town in EfTex, with a market on Thurfdays, and a fair, on July 7, for horfes and horned cattle. It ftands on a rifing ground, in the road from London to Colchefter, and has feveral good inns. It is 1 1 miles W. S.W. of Chelmsford, and 18 E. N. fi. of London. Lon. o. 15. £. lat. 51 38. N. Brescia, a ftrong and bandfome town of Italy, with a good citadel, and a bifhop's fee. It is the capital of Brefciiano, in the territory of Venice, and is feat^d in an agreeable plain on the river Garza, %j miles S. E. of Bergamo, 27 N. W. of Cre- mona, 37 N. W. of Mantua, and 9$ W. of Venice. Lon. lo- 5. E. lat. 45. 31. N. Br\iciano, a province of Italy, in the territory of Venice } bounded on the N. by the Grifons, and the bithopric of Trent } tin the E. by the lake Garda, the Verone''^., and the duchy of Mantua ; on the S. by the duchy of Mantua, and the Cremonefe, and on the W. by the Cremafco, the Bur- gomafco, and the Valtelina. It is watered by feveral fmall rivers, which render it very fertile, and is full of towns and vil- lages, of which Biefcia is the capital. fi R E CreseLlo, a fmall town cf Italy, i^ the duchy of Modena, feated on the river Po, 27 miles W. of Modena, 10 S. of Man- tua, and 10 E. of Paimii. Lon. 10. 25. E. lat. 44.55. N. * Bresini, d town of Poland, in the Palatinate of Lencici, 15 miles S. E. of Rava. Lon. 3b. 22. E. lar. 50. 2. N. • Br ESL AW, thtr duchy of, a fmall pro- vince in ^ilefia, between thofe of Wolaw, OIHe, Btieg, Schweidnitz, and Ligniiz. It contains no confide able town except Bredaw. Br ESI. AW, a large, rich, and populous town of Germany, and capital of Silefia, with a bifhop's fee, an univerfity, and the title of a principality. It is feated at the conflux of the rivers Odar and Ola, which hH rjns through feveral of the Aieets, and is of gieat ufe to thofe whofe bufinefs wants waicr. All the houfes are built wii.U Hone, and it isfurrourded wi.h good walls, (Irengthened with ramparts and other works. There are twoiflands near it.fornfied by the river Oder; in one of which is a church, whofe tower was burnt by light- ning in 1730; in the other, called Thum, is the c.itl'.edral church. The bifhop's pa- lace, and the canons houfes, built not long fince, are near tlie cathedral. The royal palace was obtained by the Jefuits, where they fcund«d an univerfity in 1702. The two principal churches belong to the Pro- teftants } near one of which there is a col- lege, and a handfome library. It was taken by the king of Piufiia in 174T, and re- taken by the Auflrians in 1757 ; but they did not keep it long for the King 01 Pruflia became matter of it ag.iln the fame year. It is 40 miles N. of Glatz, 112 N. E. of Prague, 135 N. W. of Cracow, and 165 N. of Vienna. Lon. 17. 5. E. lat. 51. 4. N. * Bresle, a town of France, in Lion- nois, feated on the fmall river Tardine, in a bottom among mountains, part of it was laid under water in 171 5. • Bresle, ? river of France, that has its fcurce in N mandy, above Aumale ; and then it feparates Normandy from Pi- cardy, waters £u, and then falls into the fea. Br ESS r, a province of France, bounded on the N. by Burgundy and the Franche Compte, on the E. by Savoy, en the S. by the Viennois, on the W. by the princi- pality of Dombei and the Sonne. Bourg is the capital town. Bressevir E,atownofPoitouinFrancey 3^ miles N. W. of Poiticts. Lon. o. 35. W. lar. 46. 40. N. \ N Biiasrj B R E BkCST, a town of France, in Lower] Brittany, w.th the bed and moft fecure har- bour in the kingdom, and a caAle feated on a craggy rock by the fea-fide. The ftreets ate narrow, crooked, and few in rumber, and are all upon a declivity. The key is above a mile in length, i,r:J is fur- nilhed wich magaaines full of all foits of foreign commodities. There are two fmall b*ys, which are very commodious for build- ing large fhipi ; and the (hops of the woik- men, who make the tackling, are all round about them. The Englilh attempted to take this place in 1694, but to no purpofe. It it 30 miles S. E. of Morlaix, 30 N. W. of Quimper, and 325 N. of Paris. Lon. 4. 2b. W. lat. 48. 13. N. * Breste, the palatinate of, is one of the provinces of Cujava, in Poland. It lies between the palatinates of Floriko, Rava, and Lencici-Wiadiflaw. It is di- vided into four chatelanies, and BreAe is the capital of the whol?. BaxsTr.or Oressict, the capital of the palatinate of BrelTici, and of Polefix, in Poland, feated on the liver Bog, 80 miles E. of Warfaw, and fubjeft to Poland. It is a fortified town, and has a caHle built upon a rock. Here is a famous fynagogue, reforted to by the Jews fiom ail the countries in Europe. Lon 24. o. £. lax. 41. 35. N. Br etagne, a confiderable province of France, which is 150 miles in length, and 112 in breadth. It is a peninfula, fu«^- rounded on all fides by the ocean, except on the E. where it joins to Anjou, Maine, Normandy, and Poicou. It is divided mto the Upper and Lower. The air is temperate, and (herein are large forells. It carries on a great trade, by reafon of the many har- bours en its'coads. Ic was united to the crown of France in 1532. Reones is the capital town. Breteuii, a town of Fiance, in Nor- Mnandy, with the title of a count. It is feated on the river Iton, 1 5 milus S. W. ot Evreux, and 65 W, of Paiis. Lon. i. i. £. lat. 48. 59. N. Bit ETON, Cap Ej an ifland fo called, near the eaAern continent of N. America^ be- tween 45 and 58 degrees of latitude. It is ft'parated from Nova Scotia by a narrow ftreighr, called Canfo, and is ab.out 100 miles in length, and 50 in breadth. Ic is a barren country, producing but little corn or grafs, and fubjedl to fogs throughout the year. It is covered with fnow in winter, and is exceflive cold. It is of very fmall importance to En^lanr', but of great con- fequence 10 the French, becaufe it co^- loands the navigaiion of the tiver St. Law- B R I i rence, through which they pafi to Canada } and therefore it would greatly diArcfs then if in cur hands in the time of war. There is likewife an excellent filhery on this coaft, from which they reap great advantage. It was taken by the EngUfli in 174$, and reitored to the French in 1748, by tfie treaty of Aix-laCbapelle. It was again retaken by the Englifli, on July i6, 1758, when alt the garrifon, confifting of up- wards of 5600 men, were made prifonert of war, while the lofs of the Engliih was very inconfiderable. There were 1 1 men of war in the haibour, which were all either taken, fur k, or dertroyed j and it was ceded to 1-^ngland by the treaty of peace ia 176]. • Br BT ric AW, a territory, or valley, of the Grifons, lyin< between the Rhine and the county of Tirol, and along the river Lanquet. The fortiefs of CaAeU is the principal town. Br E voRDT, a town of the United Pro- vinces, in Guelderland, feated 1^ miles S. E. of Zuihplicn. Lon. 6. 25. E. lat> ^2, o. N. Brevsch, a (iver of France, in Alface, that rifes in the county of Salin, and di> vides it into two arms in the territory of DachAein ; one of which receives the Mofley, and bv means of a canal, made by Lewis XlV. runs into the III above Scrafburg ; the other patfcs through the lall mentioned city, and falls into the 111 below it. Brewers-Haven, a good harbour at the N. end of the ifland of Chiloe, on the coaft of Chill m S. America, and in the S. Sea. The Dutch landed foices here in 1643, defigning to get polfeflion of feme pait of Chili ; but they were driven from thence by the Spaniards and the natives. Lat. o. 42. S. Br F.WOOD, a town of StafTordfhire, with a market on Tuefday, and one fair, on September 19, for horfes, and cattle. It is a fmall place, and the market is almoft come to nothing. It is 10 miles S. by W. of Stafford, and 127 N. W. of London, Lon. 2. 5. W. lat. 52. 43. N. The old nunnery is now a free-fchooL Brey, a town of Germany, in the biHioprick of Liege, and on the frontiers of Brabant, feated on a rivulet, 10 mites W. of Mafeick, and la N. of Maeftricht. Lon. 5. 35. £. lat 51. 6. N. Bbianzom, a town of Fiance, in Up* per Dauphinv, capital of Brianzonnois, with a caille feat«d on a craggy rock. It is rem.iikable for. the manna gathered in its neighbourhooH, which at firfl appears on the leaves and fmall branches of a fort of pine- al VI p« It B R I plne*tres ; 'jut they make inciHont into the bark, to gat larger quantities. It has a handfome church, and three monalieries ^ and is 17 miles N. W. of Embiun, and 17 W. of Fignerul. Lon. 6. 45. E. lat. 44. 46. N. • Br I ANzoNNOis, ateffitory of France, ia Oauphiny, bounded by Grcnoblois, Ga- penrnis, Ambiunois, Piedmont, and Savoy. It comj/te'iends feveral valleys, which \ye amonc; th»' mountains of the Alps ; and thougit it IS extremely cold, yet it is fertile in e jrr> and paftures. The inhabitants have a great He»l ot wood, yet they chufe.to be in the Oables with their cattle lix months in the year, to keep themfelves warm. Brianzon is the capital town. Briars, a town of France, in Gatinojs, feaed on .he river Loire, and remarkable for a famous canal of communication be- tween the Loire and Seine. It is 3; miles 5. £. of Orleans, and ii S. of Paris. Lon. 6. 4j. E. lar. 44. 6. N. • Brick HILL, a village in Buckingham- (hire, three miles S. E. of Fenny- Stratford, has two fairs, on May i, and Oflober 18, for cattle. • Bridtord, or BiROFORD, or Btrt- roRT, a village in Wiltfhire, one mile S. E. of SalKbury, with a fair on Auguft iz, for Iheep and hoifes. Br ipcbnp. a town of Giamorganfhire, in S. Wales, with a market on Saturdajs, and two fairs, on November 17, and Holy Thurfday, for cattle, (beep, and hogs. It is feated on the river Ogmore, which di- vides it into two parts, but they are joined together by a flone-btidge. The market is confiderable for corn, cattle, and provifions. It is feven miles W. by N. of Cowbridge, 27 W. of Cardiff, and 176 W. of London. Lon. i. js. W. lat. 51. 33. N. Br iDGE-TowN, the capital of the ifland of Barbadoes, in the AtUntic Ocean, and in America. It was firft called St. Michael, from the name of the parifh-church, and is the iine(\ and largeA place in ail thefe iflands ; for it contains 1200 houfes, built of ftone, with glazed windows, and many of them fa(hed. The ftreets are broad, the houfes higH, and the rents dear. The wharfs and keys are very neat and conve- nient, and the forts are fo Arong, that, when they are well manned and furniflied with ammunition, it would be very difficult to take them. The church is as large as fomecathedrals, and it has a very fine or- gan. On the £. fide of the town is the magazine of gun powder, which is always very well guarded. Lon. 61. 0. W. lat. 13. O.N. B R I BRinnENORTM, a toiwn in Shropshire, with a market un Saturd;«ys, and fiur fairs, on Tharfday before Shrove-tide, fcr horned cartle, Ihcep, Imgs, cheefe, wick yarn, linen and woollen cloth ; on June 30, for the fame, and a lar ffs; itthitny ccnliltii ol iwo dices, ' wl'ikfi arc bioad, and moOIy j^aved. The j ITiaikct U rtmaikjble f^r htnip ; and here is a larpc ni.nnilaflory, rhe town's people | being grreially employed in fpinnirg ol twine, and in makirg (ail cloth, and nets fi'r all ii,e hiiiTC fiHicrics. Ic is 12 miles W. of DoicCefter, and 145 W, by S. of London. Lon. 3. c. W. lat. 5c. 40. N. • Br I c, a lerritr.ry ot France, bounded on t^e N. hy the lAe of France and Soif- lipr.nois, on the E. by Champagne, and on the S. and W. by the river Seine, It is about 5^ miles in length, from E, to W, and one part of it is in the (government of Champagne, and the pther in that of the Ide of France. Meaux is tlie capital town. * BitlE COMTB-ROBBRT, 3 tOWl) of France in Brie, 15 miles S. E. of Patis, I.on. 2. 41. E. lat. 48. 41. N. Br I KG, a handfome and ftropg town of Germany, in Silefia, and capital of a ter- ritory of the fame name, with a handfome college, and an academy where the nobility learn their exercifes. It belongs to the King of.PruiTia, and is fuated on the river Oder, so miles S. E. of Bienaw, and 1 5 N. E.of Oppelin. Lon. 17. 35. E. lat. 50. 40. N. Br icl, a maritime town of the United Provinces, and capital of the idind of Voorn. It is one of the cautionary towns which was delivticd into the hands Queen Elizabetii, and ^rrifoned by the CngUfli dm in? her reign and part of t!ie next. The Dutch took it Tom the Spaniards in 1572, which was the foundation of their republic. It is feared ar the mouth of the river Meufe, 13 nijits S. W. of Rotterdam. 1 1 S. W. of Delft, and 12 S. ^f the Hague, ten. 3. 56, E. lat. 51. 53. N. • Briinne, a town of France, in Cliampagne, near the river Aube, which is divided into two towns that are loco paces diflant from each other. Brifnnois, a territory of France, which lies on the river Loire, and in the fouthdivifjon of Burgundy. BRiEscM.orBRessici. See Br est e, * Criescia, a pal» inare fo called, in the duchy of Lithuania, in Poland. The name piven to it by fome is Polefia, and it is bounded on 'he N. by Novogorode and Troki, on the W. by thofe of BiellTco and Lubljn, on tl le S. by thiit of Chelm and IJpper Volhinia, and on the E. by rht terri- tory of P.^iczica. This provinQe is of con- B R I nderablc extent frcm E. to W. and it is watcied by the. livers* Bni» and Pripefe i it is lull of woods and mainui, and there arq htkcs that yield large quantities of Afh that arc felted by the inhabitants, andfent into the ncighbouiing provinces. n R I c u X, a confiderable town of France, in Upper Bii'tnny, with a bilhop'sfee, and a good haibour. It is feated in a country feitilc in corn and fruits, about one mile and a half from the fea, and is 5* miles N, W. of Rennes, and 240 W. of Paris. Lon. a. 58. W. lat. 48. 33. N. * BaiEv, a town of France, in Lor- rain, and in the bailiwick of St Miciel ; it is feated near the river Mancc, 20 miles frcm St. Micjel. Br iGs, a town in Lincclnfhire, vvith a good market on Thurfdays for cattle and provifions, and a fair on Auguft 16, for horfes. It is feated on the river Ankam. Some call it Glamford Bridges. It is ^5 miles N. of Lincoln, 16 S. of Hull, and 153 N. of London. Lon. o. &o. Wt lat. 53. 40. N. BaicHTHCLMSTOKK, a feaport towii of Suffex, with a market on Thurfdays, and two fairs, on HoIy>Thurfday and Sep- teniber 4, for pedlars ware. It is an in^ different large and populous town, but ill- built, and inhabited chiefly by fishermen. It has a pietty good harbour, and is nine miles W. by N. of Newhaven, feven E. of New-Shoieham, and 56 S. of London. Lon. o. ic. W. la'. 50. 50. N. It was at this place Kinc; Charles Jl. embarked for France 1651, after the battle of Worcefter. * BRifiNOLFf, a town of France, in Provence, fapious for its pruens. It is ftated among mountains, in a pleafiint country, 275 miles S. S. E.of Paris. Lon. 6. 15. E. lat. 43. 24. N. * Brigstock, or Bbjckstock, a vil- lage in Noithamptonlhire, three miles N. W. of Thrapfton, with three fairs, en May 6, for horfes and horned cattle, on Septem- ber ;, for (heep, brafs, and pewter, and on November 22, forblackhats. BRiHurcA, a town of Spain, in New CaAile, w here General Stanhope, with the Engii.'h army were taken prifoners, after they had feparated themfelves from that commanded by Count Staremberg. It is feared at the foot of the mountain Tajuna, 43 miles N. E. of Madrid. Lon. 3. 20. W. Ut. 41 o. N. * Brilincek', a town of France, in Suabia, feated on the liver Briger, in a penir.fula ; it has pretty good walls. Brindisi, an ancient and celebrated town «( lialy, in the Terra d'Qtiantq, and B R I Ui the kingdom of Naples, with an arch- bifhup't fee, a fortrefs, and a harbour, which has been partly fpoiled by the Vene- tians. It is feated on the gulp*i of Venice, ji miles E. of Tarento, 37 N. W. ot Ocranto, and 5; S. E. of Bm'i. Lon. 18. j. E. lat. 40, j2. N, Br INN, a ftrong town of Moravia, de- pendent on Bohemia, of which fome fay it is the capital. It is a place where the aflembly of the ftates meet, and is of great importance. It was invelled by the Hruf- fians in 1741 i but they weie obliged to raife the flegc. It is feated at the confluence of the rivers Zwitta and Swart, 25 miles N. E. of Zn.iim, 4; N. of Vienna, and 17 S. W. of Olmutz. The caftle of Spielberg is Itt principal defence, and is feated on an eminence without the town. Lon. 7. S>. £. lat. 49. 8. N. Brionne, a town of France, in Nor- mandy, which gives title to a count j and is feated on the river Rille. Lon. o. 51. E. lat. 49, 35. N. Brioude, a town of France, in Lower Auvergne. There are two to\ -ns about a mile's dif\ance from each others one of which is calkd Old BriouJe, and the other Church Brioude, on account of a famous ctiaptei, wliofe canons aie obliged to prove their nobility before they are admitted. Old Brioude is feated on the river Allier, with a bridge, of one arch, of a wonderful ftru£lure. It is 16 miles S, of IHToire, xo N. W. of St. Flour, and 225 S. by E, of Paris. Lon. 2. 2;. E. lat. 4;. 14. N, Briq.ueras, a town of Italy, in Pied- mont, feated in the valley of Lucern, three miles from the town of that name, and four S. of Pigoorol. It had a very ftrong caftle towards the latter end of the i6th century : b\it when the French got footing in it, it was ruined } that is, before they delivered it up to the duke of Savoy in 1696. Lon, 7. 24. E. lat. 44. 41. N. Bkisach, a town of Germany, formerly the capital of Brif)i;aw. It was taken by the French in 1638, and in 1703 1 but was reOored afterwards both times to the houfe of Auflria. It is feared on the river Rhine, over which there is a bridt;e of boats, 15 miles S. of Strafburg, and 45 N. of Bade, Lon. 49. E. lat. 48. 8. N. Brisach, New, a handfome town of France, in Alface, built by the French, over againft Old Brifach, and fortified by marfhal Vauban. It is about a mile from the Rhine, and 13 S. of Sialburg. Lon. 7. 46. E. lat. 48. 5. N. Fort Moriier, which bslongs to it, is feated on the Rhine. Bi^isoAw, a tcfritory of Geimany, in B R I the circle of Suabia, lying on the eaftward fide of the Rhine, which feparatet it front .Mface. One part belongs to the houfe of Auftiia, of which Friburg is the capital i and the other to the houfe of Baden. * Bk lOSAc, a town of France, in An- jou, temarkable for a battle fought near it in 1607, between two brotheri. It it feated on the river Aubence, near the Loire, eight miles S. E. of Anger, and 50 W. of Tours. Lon. 17. 23. W. lat. 47. 10. N. B R I s s E L , N E w, the capital town of the county of Bucks, in Penfilvania, 20 miles N. of Philadelphia, feated on the river De la war. Lon. 7;. o. W. lat. 40.45. N. * Bsisson,St. an ancient town of France, in Berri, three miles from Gien. It is feated on an eminence on the far!;her fide of the river Loiie, with a caAle taken notice of in hiftory for its ftrength, and for maintaining a fiege againft Louis le Grofs. Lon. 2. 40. E. lat. 47. 44. N. Bristol, a fea port town, which it partly in Gloucefterfliire, and partly in So- mcrfetfhire, with a bifliop's fee. It is now accounted the fecond town or city in Eng* i.'tnd, b.-ith with regard to its magnitude^ riches, and trade. It has 18 churches, be> fides its cathedral, and fevermi meetingt for Proteftant Diffenters, among which the Quakers are a large body. The mod re- markable church, befides the cathedral, it St. Mary RaddifF, juft without the wallt, in the county of Somerfet, which fome think is the fined pariOi church in the king- dom. There is a bridge over the river Avon, with houfes on each fide, like thofe which London -biidge lately had. They have an exchange like that of London, which was opened in September 1743. The key is on the river Froome, a little above its confluence with the Avon, over which there is a draw-bridge, for the ad- mittance of (hips that come up with the tide } and this leads to the College-Green, where the cathedral ftands. They have a prodigious trade ; for it is reckoned the/ fend sooo (hips yearly to feveral parts of the world. Here are no left than 15 glafs- hnufes, they having plenty of coal from King's- wood and Mendip-hills. The hot- well is reforted to for the cure of feveral difeafes, and is about a mile from the town, on the fide of the river Avon. St. Vincent's Rock, above this well, is noted for a fort of foft diamonds, called Briftol- ftones. Befides this well, there is a cold fprinc:, which guflies out of a rock on the fide of the faid river, that fupplies the cold bath, There are feveral manufaAures, particu- B R I fartkatarly weoNen ftu(ft, carried oi> by the French refugees. From the College-Green th«re is a delightful prorpeA over tlie city tfnd haibour, and in it ftandi a fiately bigh croft of Gothic ftruAuie, decorated with the cffiKies df feverai of the kingh of ftft^laMd. Near Queen's-fquare, >which is idorncd with rows of trees, and an eque Urian Aatae of K. William III. Aands the ^ttftom-houfe. The number of houfes aie tomj^ted at 1300c, and the inhabitants at 95,000. The walls have been demolifhed a tong time ago ; but there are fevtfral gates jet (landing. They ufe (ledges or (leds, in Jlcad of carts, beciiure the vaults of the comnwn fhofes will not admit them. It kas two markets, on Wednefdays and Sa- lordays, and two fairs, on St. James's day, ani January 15. It fends two members to parliamenr, and has the title of an earl- ^onn. It ia 35 miles W. S. W. of Ciren- tcfter, 50 S. of Hereford, 105 S. of Shrewf- Miry, 145 S. of Chefter, 78 N. E. of Exe- ter, 36 S. S. W. of Gloucefler, 6z. S S. W. «f Worcefter, 68 W. by S. of Oxford, ix W. N. W. of Bath, and 115 W. of Lon- don. Lon. S.4-0. V^.Iat. 51.27. N. Britain, New, called alfo Terra La- brador, and Efkimaux, a country in North America, between the river of St. Lawrence Md Hudfon'a-bay. It is fubjeA to Great Britain ; but we have no fettlement in it, Ibor are there any inhabitants but a rude lavage fort of people, called Eflcimaux, who have neither laws nor religion. They liave no houfes, but live in caves and holes So the fides of hills, and are the only peo- ple in America thai have beards, which al taoft hide their faces. The chief produce is ikins and furs. Brittany. SeeBRETACNE. * Britis-la-Gallakd, an ancient and handfome town of France, in Lower Xi'mofin, of which it is the capital, with ^ general hofpital, a handfome college, and feverai religious communities. It is 'Teated in a pleafant fectile plain, over againf) •'n iffand fortned by the river Coreze, over which there are two fine bridges. A beauti-. ful and delightful walk, planted with trees, '^hich furrounds this^lace, makes it very ^pleafant ahd agreeable. It is 37 miles S. of JLimbges, aiid tSo S. of Paris. Lon. i. 5,5. E. Iat.45. »^5- N. ' Bit iticEN, a handfome town inGermany, • fri th^ Tirol, with a bifhop's fee ; feated at ~ the Confluence of the rivers Ricntz and *Xifoch,, ift' a fertile country, noted for ex- ^Cel lent wine, 1 5 ftiiles E. of Tirol, and 40 Loia. XI. 50. £. lat. 46. B R O of Germany, incloCed in the Tirol, between Tirol Proper, the bifhoprick of Trent, the flate oi Venice, and the archbi(hoprick of Saltzburg. It ii a country extremely mountainous, bat produces excellent wine. The bifhop is the fovereign, under ttx prQte£lion oi the counts of Tirol, and it a prince of the en>pire. •Brixworth, a village in Northamp- tonfhire, feven miles N. ot Nortiiampton, with a fair on Wliit Monday, tor linen and wollen cloth, hard-ware, and toys. * Brizcn, or Briet/in, a town of Germany,, in the Middle Marche of Bran- denburg, feated on the river Adah, 12 miles N. E. of Wittemberg. Lon. i*^. 14. E. lat. 52. c, N. Broadalbini, a fliire of Scotland, bounded on the N. by Athol, on the E. hy Gaurie, on the S. by Perthfhire, and on the W. by Argylefhire. Bbod, or Brodt, a Arong place of Huntary, in the county of PofTega, feated on the river Save in Sclavonia, famous for a battle gained by the Turks in 1688. le is 10 miles S. E of Poflega. Lon. 19. 15. E. lat. 45. 15. N. * Brod NEMEKi,or Teotsch-Brod, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Czaz- law, feated on the river Sozawa, near the frontiers of Moravia, 18 mites S. by E. of Czazlaw, Lon. 1 5 . 45. E. lat. 49-32. N. *^ Brodra, a town of Afia, in the do- minions of theGieat Mogul, near the gulph of Cambray, eight miles S. of Amanadab. bon. 72. 30. E. lat. as. 10 N. * BRonziEc, a town of Poland, in the duchy of Lithuania ; feated on the river Berezina, in the palatinate of Minflci, 80 miles S. of Poloczki. Lon. 29. 25. E. lat. 54. 23.N. * Brorx, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia, and duchy of Berg} the capital of a county of the fame name, feated on the river Roer, 1 1 miles N. of DufTeldorp. Lon. 6. 43. E. lat. 51. sa. N. Bromescrove, a town of Wo^cefter- fhire, with a market on Tuefdays, and two V. it Trent. •3^N. * BaUBM tbt bilhopric of, a territory fairs, on June 24, and 0£lober 21, for linen-cloth, cheefe, and hotfetf. It is feated on the river Sal warp, and is a pretty good town, containing about 403 houfes. It drives a confiderable tradein cloathing, and has a good market for torn, tattle, afid all forts' 6f pfovi'fions. Itis 11 miles E. N. £. •df Worcefterj and n^ N; W. of Loltdon. Lltn. 2. 5. W. lat. '54. 26. N. BsaMriELD, orBRUMfaniih fianders } and bounded h/ the ocean, ihe burgraviate of Ghent, tb« chatctlanies oi Courtray and Ypres, and bailiwick of Furpes. Bruges is tike capital town ; befides which, there are Oftend^ Newport, Dixmude, &c. * Brugge, or Bruggen, a tOjwn of Germany, in the circle of Lower Sajtony, and in the biflioprick of Heildeiheim, 4 mite« from the city of that name. It is (0 called from a bridge over the river Leyne* Lpa» 14. 13. £. lat. 52. 20. N. Ba u g N E T o, an epif jopal town of Italy, in the territory of Genoa, feated at the fooc of the Appennine Mountains, 37 tm\fit S. of~Genoa. Lon. 9. 4-5. E. lat. 44. 15. N. ' '^Brunetto, a very ilrong and impor- taat place in Piedmont, near the city Svfa, which it defends. Brunsbuttli, a fea-pdrt town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxonyi, and in the duchy of HoKtein, feated at thf mouth of the river Elbe, 1 3 miles N. W« ot Glucklladc J fubje£i 10 Denmark. Lon. S. 42. E. lat. 44. 30. N. Brunswick, a large and ftrong tow9 of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxqny* and in the duchy of Bruofwick. It w^ formerly an Imperial and Hanfiatic-town^ till it was taksn by the Duke of Brunfwii;k- Wolfenbuttle in 1 671, who built acitadql to ke?p ic in a^e. Jn the fquare before th0 caftl^ is a tamtjus Oi9n« Anint* With a Ijoa made . B R U made of block- tin, dbne after the life. Here is alfo a rich monaflery of St. Blaife, whofe prior is a prince of the houfe of Severn } and in the arfenal is a great gun, lo feet long;, and 3 in diameter. This town is famous for the well known Jiquor called Mum, which has hence the name of Brunfwick Mum. It is feated on the river Ocker, 5 5 miles W. of Magdeburg, 85. W by S. of Brandenburg, and 3s N. W. of Halberftadt. Xon. 10. 18. E. lat. 5a. 15. N. Brunswick, the duchy of, is a coun- try of Germany, bounded on the N. by the duchy of Lunenburg, on the W. by the circle of Weftphalia, from which it is fe- parated by the river Wefer, on the S . by HttHe, and the little territory of Peichfield, and -on the E. by Thuringia, with the principalities of Anhalt and HalberAadt, and the duchy of Magdeburg. The livers are the W-fer, the Ocker, and the Lyne } and is fertile both in corn and paftures. It is divided into three principalities, Wol- fembutile, Grubenhagen, and Caknbetg, which alfo comprehends the duchy of Got- ting^n. The principality of Wolfembuttle has its own dukes } but the other two be- long to the eI«£tor of Hanover. The ter- ritories of the houfe of Brunfwick are more «xten(ivej the principal of which are the duchies of Brunfwick and Lunenburg, with the county of Danneburg, which is annexed thereto. The reft are Blanckenburg, Die- port, and Hoye, bcfides two or three fmal- lerdiftriAs. * BivssxLS, the quarter or diftriA of BniflTelr, is one of the four parts of the duchy of Brabant. This quarter is bounded on the E. by that of Louvain, on the N. by that of Antwerp, on the W. by Flanders, and on the S. by Hainhalt. BrufTels is the capital city of this quarter, and all Brabant. BatossiLS, the fineft and richeftcity of the Netherlands, the capital of Brabant, and the feat of the governor of the Auftrtan Low Countries, to whom they pay almoft the fame honours as to their fovereign. The ducal palace, where the governor re- fides, the town-houfe, and the arfenal, are fuperb ftrudures. The academy is famous, where young gentlemen perform their ex- ctcifes, and they have dug a fine canal to Antwerp. The trade and manufa£lure of the inhabitants is in cambists, laces, and fine tapeftry, which are exported all over Europe. It was bombarded by the French in 1695, by which 4000 houfes were burnt, which, however, were rebuilt bet- terthan before. In 1 708 it was befieged by the eleAor of Bavaria ;! but the duke of Matlborough made him decamp with pre* B t J C clpitation. It was taken by the French in 1746 but was rendered back again foon after by the treaty of Aix la Chapelle. It is feated partly on an eminence, and partly on an agreeable fertile plain, on the river Senne,'ia miles S. of Antwerp, a6 S. E. of Ghent, 148 N. by E.of Paris, and 17a E. of London. Lon. 4.8. E. lat. 50. 51. N. Bb vton, a town of Somerfetfliire, with a maiket on Saturdays, but no fairs. It is feated on the river Brew, and is a well- built and well- inhabited towa, with a handfoirie church, a free-fchool, and a flately alms houfe, and has a manufaAu'e in ferges and flockings. It is is miles S. E. of Wells, and 115 W. of London. Lon. 2. 30. W. lat, 51. 15. N. * Bruyixrs, a town of Lorrain, in Vofque, with a provoftthip, %t miles S. by E. from Luneville. Lon. 6. 45. £. lat. 48. 15. N. Brvans-bridci, a town of Ireland, in the county of Clare, and province of Connaught, feated on the river Shannon, eight miles N. of Limerick. Lon. 8. 30. W. lat. 52. 31. N. * BuA, an iflandoftheGulph of Venice, on the coaft of Dalmatia, near the town of Trau, called likewife the Partridge- Ifland, becaufe frequented by thofe birds. *BuANZ8, a town of France, in Gaf- cony, and in the diocefeof Aire, feated on the river Bahus, feven miles W. of Aire. Lon. o. 5. E. lat. 43. 47. N. *Boarcos, a town of Portugal, in the province of Beira, 27 miles S. of Aveira. Lon. 8. 5. W. lat. 40. 3. N. BucHAN, a fhire of Scotland, having the German Ocean on the N. and E. and the Aiire of Mar on the S. BvcHAMNEss.a cape or promentory of Scotland, which is the fartheft point of Buchan, not far from Peterhead, and the moft eaftem of all Scotland. Lon. o. 30. £. lat. 57. 28. N. BucHAw, a free and imperial town of Germany, in Suabia, feated on the river Tederfee, 22 miles. S. W. of Ulm. Here is a monaftery, whofe abbefs has a voice in the diets of the empire. Lon. 9. 37. B. lat. 48. 5. N. * BucHAw, a fmall territory of Ger- many, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, which comprehends the diftrifl of the ab- bot of Flud. BucHoarsT, a large andftrong town of Turky in Europe, and in Walachia, where theHofpcdarofWalachia commonly refides. It is 4c miles S. £. of Tarvis, and 60 S. of Tergowifco. Lon. 26. 30. E. lat. 44. 30. N. . ^ ^ BuCNORN* BUD BvcROflN, a free and imperial town of Ge'many, in the circle of Su^bia, feated on ttie Lake Conftance, la miles N. E.of t^e towi) vt Condance. Lon. 9. ao. E. lat. 47. 41. N. BucKENHAM, a town of Norfelk, with a m.iiketon Saturdays, but no f:iirs. It is feated in a (lac, and formerly had a ftrong cartte, now demolilhed. Ic is it miles E. ef Theiford, and 90 N. E of London. Lon. I. 10. E. lat. 52. 30. N. • BucKr ASTLioH, a village in Devon- fhire, three miles S. W. ot Aniburtop, with two lairs, on fune 29, for iheep, ana Auguil 24, for horned cattle, Buckingham, the chief town of Biick- inghamfhire, with a market on Saturdays, and eight fairs, on Monday -fcvennight •ftcr Efjiphany, March 7, May 6, Thurf- day in Whitfon-week, July 10, Septem ber 4, O£lober 2, and November 8, for cattle. It is feated in a low ground, on the river Oufe, by which it is almn(\ fur- rounded, and over it are three handfome ftone bridges. There was formerly a ftrong cadie in the middle of the town. Thirre is a county-jail, built not many years fmce. It is a corporation, fends two members to parliament, and had the title of a duchy. The number of houfes are about 300 ; and it is 2; milest N. E. of Oxford, and 60 N. W. of London. Lon. o. 58 W. lat. 51. io. N. BucKiNCHAMSHTRE,a cotmty nf Eng- land, bounded on the N. by Northampton fhire, on the E. by Bedfordlhire, Hereford- flii'e and Middlefex, on the W. by Oxford- ihii'e, and on the S. by Beikfhire, from which it is feparated by the river Thames It is about 39 miles in length, and )8 in breadth, containing 18,390 houfes, 1 1 1,340 inhabitants, 85 parifhcs, and 15 market- towns, whe eof fix fend m'mbers to parlia inent. The air is healthy, and the foil is rich, Seine moftly chalk or marie. The moft general manufaAure is bone bee, and paper. The principal rivirs, befidts the Thames, are the Oufe and Coin j the chief ' -town ii Buckingham, BucxoR, a province of Afia, lying on the rivei Sinde, or Indus, havitig Multan 'o the N. and Tatt? to the S. anil is fubj ft to tlie Great Mogul. The principal town is of the fame name which is fea'ed in an ifl>ind furio'Jn''ed 'by thtj above river, 65 miles S W. of Multan. Lon, 45. 15. t. lat 28 .45. N. U'ijoa, the HegferbegHc of, was formerly ' tone of the chief gove-nnients of the Turks in' Eiiroue, inclutilng all the countries of Upper Mtffi-jjai-y; between the riverg TeiflV BUD and Danube, and between Agria n\6 Kov*« graH, all Lower Hungary from Oran and Canifca, t^e eaftem part of Sclavonia, and almoin all Servia : hat a good part of thlt government now belongs to the queen of Hurgiry, BuDA, a large, Hrong, and famoul town, and t!ie capital of Lower Hungaryj The churches and public building! are ver]f handfome, and the fttuation agreeable, be« in;; on the fide of a hill, on the S. W banki of the riier Danube. In the ;tdjicent coun- try there are vineyards, which product excellent wine ; and baths fo hot, that tley will hoil an egg in a very fhort time : ihel^ hatii'j were in excellent order, with mag- nificent rooms, while the Tuiks had pof- felfinnof this place. It was taken by the Turks in 1516, and retaken by the Auflriant the fame year. The Tu ks took it again in 1529, and it was afterwards befieget;! feveral times by tlie ChriAi'tns to no pur« pofc, till 1686, wf-en it was taken by th« Germans, commanded by the duke of Lor- rain, fmce which time it has continued in the hands of the hoiiff? nf Auftria. It is 105 miles S. E. of Virnra, 172 N. by W, ut Belg'ade, and 560 N. W. ef ConAanti« nopi;. Lcn. 19. 22. £. lat. 47. 20. N. Bi'ddbsda LE. a town of Suflf^lk, with a market on Thurfdays, and a fair on Holy Thu fday for cattle and toys. It is feated in a valley, and has a fmall chapel, andaA endowed grammar fchool. It is 15 miles N. E, of Bury, and 81 N. E. of London, Lon I. 8. £ lat. 52. 25. N. • BupELicH, a town o*^ Germany, in the eledlo'al circle of the Rhine, and in the archbifhoprick of Triers, or Treves. It Is feated on the little river Traen, 10 miles E. of Triers. Lon 6. 55. E. lat. 49' S*- ^* BuDiNGEN, a town of Germany, ifi Wetter^via, and in the county of Ifenburg, or Budingen, with a cartle. It is fsatcd nea' a large foreA, 20 miles N. £. of Frank- fort. BnnoA, a fmall but ftrong epifc^nil town rf Dalma'ia, fuhjei^ to the Venetians, It was almofl rul.->ed by an earthquake in 1667 ; and is 27 miles S, E. of Ragufa, and 15 N. W. of Antivari. Lon. 19. ai. E. lat. 42. 12. N. • BuDRio, a t uvn nf Italy, in the Bo- lopnsfe, whofe adjacent fields produce Urge qu^mtilids of fine hemp ; for which reafon it is of greater ccnfcqupnce than larger pbces. It is 8 mibs E < f Bologna. Lon. II 3;. E. lat. 44. 27. N. BuDWEis, a town of Germany, in Bo- hemia, raken feven! times in the war of 1741. It is 72 m.le»S. of Prague, and 8s I O N. W. BUG K. W. of Vienna. Lon. 14. 19. E. Ut. 41. ' 15. N. i * BuDwoRTH, a vtilage in Cheshire, ; three milei N of Norlhwicli, with ihre« fain, on February 13, Aiirii 5, and OAo- ber t, all for cowi, horfei, hogi, and ped> lart ware. BuDZiAC TARTAtv lie* on the rivtrt ' Nierter, Bog, and Nieper, having Poland and RuflTta on the N. Little Tartary on the E. the Black Sea on the S and Bcflfitiabia on the W. The chief town ii Oczakow, and it fubjeA to Tuiky. BuiN Rkt iao,apa!acebelonftingtoihe king of Spain, fcaied on the E. lide of Madrid { it it a perfect fquare, and at each angle is a pavilion. This is generally the refidence of the king in the fpring, and a great part of the fummer. BuiNOS AVRZt, OrClVlDAD Dt LA Tkinidao, is one of the mod confidcrable fiea port towns in the province of La Plata, on the E. coat\ of S. America, with a bilhop's fee. It is well fortified, and de- fended by a numerous artillery ; and hither it brought a ^reat part of the treafures and merchandizes of Peru and Chili by the river Plata and other rivers, which are exported to Spain. When the Englifh had the ad- vantage of the AfTiento contract, negro flavet were brought hither by factors, and fold to the Spaniards, who fent them to their fettlementt in Ttta and Chili. It wat founded by Mendofa in 1535, but after- wards abandoned. In 1 544another colony of Spaniards came here} who left it alfo ; but it wat rebuilt in 1582, and is at pre- fent inhabited by Spaniards and the na ive Americans. It is feaied on the banks of the river Plata, 50 miles from the fea, though the liver there is xi miles in breadth. Lon. 60. 5. W. lat 34. 55. S. Bug, a large river of Poland, which has its fource near the river Lemberg, runs northward to Brefte, and then turning weflward, falls inro the Viftula, between BoQz and Waifaw. ' Bucev, a territory of France, bounded on tte E. by Savoy, on ihe W. by BrefTe, on the S. by Dauphiny, and on the N. by the territory of Gex and the Franche Comte. It is about 40 mile» in lenKth, and 25 in breadth. Bailey is the capital town. * BuGiA, a kingdom of Africa, now a province to Algiers in Baibary. It is boun- ed on the N. by the Mediterranean Sea, on the S. hy Biledulgeiid, on the W. by the province of Al^^iers, and vn the E. by that of Condantinr. Bur. I A, a flrong populous Tea port town •f Africa, in the kingdum el Algiers, fca ted B U L at the mouth of the river Major, on a bay of the Mediterranean Sea. It hat a ftrong caftle, which, however, wat not able to defend the fhipping againll Sir Edward Spragge, who took and deftroycd feveral Algerinc men of war under its walii in 1 67 1. It is 75 milet E. of Algiers. Lon. 47. S. £. lar. 36. 34. N. Bug I a, a fea port town of Africa, in Egypt, on the weAern coaft of the Red Sea, nearly oppofite to Ziden; the fea-port town, belonging to Mecca, and about 110 milet to the W. of it. Lon. 36. o. E. lat. aa. 15. N. * BuiLTH, or BiALT, a town of South*Wales, in Brecknockfhire, pleafantly feated on the river Wye, over which there is a wooden bridge into Radnorfhire. It it at prefent but a fmail place, though it hat two markets, on Mondays and Saturdays, and three fairs, on June $7, October s, and December 6, for fheep, horned cattle, and horfes. It it 10 milet N. of Breck- nock, and 157 W. by N. of London. Lon. 3. 10. W. lat. 5s. 8. N. * Buis, a ten itory of France, in Daq- phiny, called the Barronnies } bounded ort the N. by the Diois and Gapenzois, on tht W. by the fenefchalty of Monthmar and part of the county of Venaifcin. It is a fmall mountainous country, but pretty fer- tile, and Buis and Nioni are the principal places. BoKAti, a fmall, but well-built town of Hungarian Dalmatia, with a harbour. It is feated on the Golfo di Bikeriza, near the Gulph of Venice, 10 miles N. of Ve- glio, and 3 s E. by N. of Rovigno*. Lon. 20. 5:. E. lat. 45. zo. N. Buhl, a liitle fortreft, lying on thelinea nf Stolhoffen in Suabia, 6 miles E. of StoU hoffen, and 19 N. £. of Strafburg in Get' many. RuLAC, a town of Egypt, in Africa, feated on the E. (hore of the river Nile, two miles W. of Grand Cairo, being the fea- port town of that city, and is faid to con- tain about 4000 families. On the N. fide of it is the Califch, wnofe banks are cut every year, to convey the waters of the Nile, by a canal to Grand Cairo. All the vrlTels go- ! ing up and down the river Nile make fome ftay here. Lon. 32. 10. E. lat. 30. o. N. * BuLAM, an ifland of Africa, near the coafl of Guinea, to the eaftward of the ifland of Bifagos. The foil is good, but it is not inhabited. * BuLGAi, a kingdom of Mufcovite Tartary, lying along the eaftern banks of the river Wolga, having the kingdom of I Cafan on the N. and Aftracan on the S. i it BUN It hit neither towni nor vilU^es ; the inha- bitants live in tents, anJ wander about fiuni pUce to place. Bulgaria, a province of Turky, in Euio|)e, bounded on the N. by Wahchia, on the E. by Hie Black Sea, on tlie S. by Koiixnia and Macedonia, and on (he W. by Seivia. It ik divided into four ran^ia. cites, which have the rams ot the cipitnl places, namely, Viddin, Sopliia, Niopoli, and SiliAria. The thee (irll lie on both fides the liver Danuhs ; but the lafi is wholly on this Ad?, and is partly inliabited by Tartan. BuLLINBROKt. ScB Bo L t N C B ROK K . Bungay, a (own in Suffilk, witli a market on Thurfdays, and two fairs, on May 14, fur horfes and lean cattle; and onSep'ember 15, for hjfts and petty cliap> 1 men. It is feated on a fpat watered by the river Waveny, which feparates it from Norfolk. It has two parifh cliurches, one of which is handfome, and in the midit of the town are the ruins of a famousnunnery . Here is alfo adiflenting mcetinghoufe, and a grammar f^^hool. The town contains about 600 houfes, and the (Greets are pretty wide, and welUpaved. Here are likewife the remains of a caftle fuppofed to be built by K. John. About 60 years ago, almoft every houfe was burnt to the ground, and the records belonging to the caftle and convent confumed. Ii is however, nowich, xoS. of Suffolk, and loi N. E. of London. Lon. 1. 30. E. iar, 51. 35. N. * Bunco, a kingdom of Japan, in the ifland of Ximo, whofe capi'al is Lunay. The king of this country was converted to Clxiflianity, and fent an embalTy to pope Gregory in 168'; ; but there is not now one ChriAtan in all Jipan. * Buniva, a mountain of Greece, be- tween ThefTaly and Achaia, ex'ending as far as the Gulph of Zeiton. The ancient name was Oeta, and is famous for ihe narrow pafs called the Thermopyles, and for the death of Hercules. BuNTiNGFORD, a town of Hertfordfhire, with a market on Mondays, and two fairs, on June 19, and November 30, for pedlars ware. It is a large thoroughfare on the N. road, feven miles S. of Royfton, and 3 1 N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 6. W. lar. 51. 5?. N. * BuNTZLAw, or BuNTzit, two towns in the kingdom of Bohemia, whereof the Old it fcaied on the river £lbe, and the B V Ri New, which iit^emortconAderable, nn the - river Gizara, ao miles N. W. of Li^nitz. Lon. 15. 50. E. lat. 51 i». N. Buoy or thr Norr, is a buoy placed at the mouth of the river Tiiames, to di« redt mariners how to avoid a dangerous fand. * BuRAORAO, a liver of Baibary, in the kingdom of Fez, has its fouice on the confines of Chaut, runs along the buidert oi Fez and Temefna. and la'ls into the At- lantic Ocean at the town of Sallee. * BuRlLL, or ClVITA BuRRlLtA, a town of Iraly^ in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Abruzzo cirra, near the river Sangio, t8 miles S. of Lanciano. Lon. 15. 5. E. lat. 41. 56. N. Bu|iiN., a town of the United Provinces, in Cuelderland, and itives (he title of Count de Buren to the Prince of Orange. It it 1 6 miles W. of Nimcguen. Lon. 5. at. £. lat. 51. o. N. BuRKN a town of Germ.iny, in the cir. cleof WeAphalia, and biihoprick of Pader- born. It is feated on tlic river Alme, five miles S. of Padcrboin. Lon. 8. 15. £ lat. Si. 35. N. BuRFORD, a town of Oxfordiliire, with a maikdt on Satuidays, and two fairs, on July 5, for hoifes, fheep, cows, and fmall wares, and on September 25, for cheefe and toys. It is feaieJ on an afcent on the river WinJrufh, and is a handfome place, chiefly noted for the making of faddlea. The Downs near it, noted for horfe-racca, are of great advantage to the town. It ie 23 miles W. N. W. of Banbury, and 85 W. of London. Lon. i. 43. W. lat. 51. 40. N. * Bur n, a town in Lincoln/hire, with a maikec on Thurfdays, and three fairs, on May 12, for fheep, horfes, and cattle; on Aug.ift 16. for toys j and on Qiflober a, for cattle, and cioatliing of all forts. It it feated in a marfh, la miles S. E. of Bofton, and 117 N. of London. Lon. o. 5.E. lat. 53- 12. N. Burg, a town of the Dutch Netherlands, in Zutphen, feated on the old IflTel, 18 miles E. ff Nimeguen. Lon. 6, 12. E. lat. 52 o. N. Burg-Castle, orBoaoooH-CASTLK, a fortrefs on the edge of the county of Suf- folk, three miles W. of Yarmouth, where the riven* Yare and Waveny meet. It was formerly a delightful ca(\le, but now onlyr the ruini of its walls remain { near which Roman coins are often dug up. rnt Bu R CAW, a town and caftle of Germed ny, in the circle of Suabia, and capital of a margi aviate of the fame name. It belongs O » to BUR to the heafe of AuBria, and it t ^ mllei W. of Augfburg. Lon. lo. 31. £. Ut. 48. %*. N. * BaaoAW, (he mirifravate of, \* n fmall territory of Ueriiii3, he. tween the bifhoprick o( Augfburg, and th.- Danube. It is a feitile po^juloui c 'Untry, and I hr capital town it of tlie fame n.im^i. • BuKGDoar, ahanrlfometownof Swif- ferUnd, in the canton of Be n, and in the Argow, with a ca(\le. It is pretty l.iri^c. andiifeatcdonanenDlnence, 10 miles N. E. of Bern. Lon. 7. 35. E. lat 47 6. N. Buaor. as, a town of^rranlUvania, fuh- jeA to the houfe of AuAria, 30 miles N. of Ciaufenburg. Lon. ti. 38. E. lat. 47. 40. M. BuBoes, a rich town of Spain, the capi tal of Old Caftile, and an ap's fee. The fquaret, the public building*, and thv fountains, are very lii e, and the walks a- grceable. It is feated partly on a miuntain. and partly on the river Aranzon, 95 miles E. by S. of Leon, and 117 N. of Mfdrid. Lon. 4. 7.W lat. 41. 10. N. Burgundy. S'c Bour oognk. BuRicK, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Cleves, fuhje£l to the kinc of Pruflia. It was taken by the French in 1671, who demolifhed the fo tific. ti''>n8. It is agieeably feated on the river R'^ine, over*a!;ain(l Wefel, 17 miles E. of Cleve«, and 37 N. W. of Coldgn. Lon. 6. 8. E. lat. 51. 38. N. • Uurkmausin, a town of Germany, in Lower Bavaria, feated on the river S.'tltz, •7 miles N. by W. of Sai'zburg, and 48 E. of Munich. Lon. la. 5c. E. lat. 48. 5 N. BuRLiNnTON. See Br (PLiNGTON. BoRLiNCToN, New, the capital town of New-Jerfey, in N. Amarica, feated on Delawar river, ao miles N. of Philadelohja Ships of burthen come up to the keys, and the courts of jullice are held here. Lon. 74. ao. W. lat. 40. 40. N. • Bur NHAM, a village in Ruckin(;ham ihire,. three mile* E. of Maidenhead, with three fairs, on February 25, .nnd IVfay 1, for horfes, cattle, fheep, and hoes, and September ai, for horfes, cattle, hog'*, and hiring fervantt. . • BuRNHAM, a villa'^einSomerferthire, three tniles N. of Hunfpil, with one fair, on Trinity- Monday, for horfes, cattle, and flieep. BvRNHAM, a town in Norfolk, with a market on Saturday*, and two fairs, on March 15, forcheefc) and Aai;uft 1, for ' horfes and other rhings. It is feated near ttie fea, 29 milts N, W. of Norwich, BUR and tiS Tf E. of London. Lon. e. 46. B. lat 5v o N. B( R N 1. 1 V, a town of Lanrafhir, with .1 mirket on SaturdayH, and live taiit, on Martih 6, Ealiei-Eve, M4y 13, July 10, and UiTtoher 1 1, all for h >rnid cattle, liuifct, »ni\ lh«ep. It i» 35 miles S. E of LancAi>e>, and 104 N. N. W. ol London. Lon. a 7. W. lat. 53. 40. N. ^ • • . Burnt In. A^ n, a parliament.town Oft the co:«ii of Scotland, in Fife, ■•»|iiile» N. W. of Edinburgh. Lon. 3. j. V/. lat. 56. IS. N. liuRNTWoos. See Br R NT woon. Butts'^, is one of the larirufl and 6ncll towns of Turky in Afia, the capital of the ancient Bithynia, and extends itfcU from E. to W. at the loot of Mount Olvmpus, and (in the edge of a large fine (lain full of muU birry and fru;t trees. Th-.re are fo many rprin,;;s proceeding from the Mount, that every houfe has its own fountain. The mo''ques are very elegant, covered with lead, and adorned with domes ; as are alfo thecatavanfarics, which are very fine and commodious. The bezeHine is a la^ge flru£\ure full of warehoufes and (hops, containing all the commodities of the B. befides their own manufaAures in filk. Here are the bcA workmen in all Turky, and are excellent imitators of the tapeAiyof ItJy and France. This place is in geneial very pleafant, ard the quarter of the Ba- zars 1% particularly well paved an** neat. It contains above 40,000 Turks, 400 fami'iea of Jews, 5C0 of Armenians, and 300 of Greeks. None but MutTf Imen are permitted to dwell in the city ; bur thefuburbs, which are vaflly finer and beiier peopled, are filled with Jews, Armenians, »nA Greeks. The Jews came hither from Granada in Spain, and fpeak good Spanifh to this day. They have excellent wine and other pro* vifion^ in great plenty ; this was the feat c' the Turki(h empiie before they pafTed into Europe. It is 99 miles S ofConOan- tinople. Lon, 19. 5. E. lar. 40. 31 N. Burton lpon Tr rnt, a rown o' Sraf- fordfhire, with a matkct on Thurfr'ays, and four faiiR, on April ^, for horned cat- rle and horfes; on Holy Thoifday, for hrrnert cattle j on July 16, for 'oys 5 and on Odt her 29, which is cor.fiderable, for horfes and horned cattle. It had f>TmerIy a large abbey ; and over the river Trent it has now a famt^us bridge of free (tone, about a quarter of a mile in length, fupport- ed by 37 aiches. It confiftj chiefly of one long ftreet, which runs from the place where the abbey fVood to the biidge ; and has a food marhct forlorn and {irovifions. Burtoa* BUR Burton »lt U accoumcd ih« b«ft of aay brouftht *o Londorf. It it fuuattd N. E. n< Liichlield. and is i») miUt N. N. W . ot London. Lon. i. 36 W. Inr. >i.48.N. Baa TON, a t wn ot LinejJnl)"", with a market on Mondaya. V n f«at'.d on • htll, n«ar ilie riv«r Ttenl, and iv hu afmnH pbce. It II -^o milai N. of Lincoln, and I fo N. by W. of London. I^on. o. 3c. W, lat. <) 40. K. Rub TON. a town of W«fti»io^«l»od, with a markc on Tucfdayt. It is (" tf'* | in a valley, near a larf;e I'iil called F.^Ieton- Knoihiil. I'lic town it pretty well built, but the mark<'t i* very fmail; and ir in rn the great road from L.inca(\cr to Carlids. It ii 1 1 niilci N. of Lanciflar, and S44. N. N.W. of London. Lon. a. 35- W. lar. 54. ic.N. • But WAiH, a village in SuflTex, 8 miUi W. of Baulo- Abbey, with two fairs, on May I a, and September 4, for cattle and pcdiari ware. BuRY-St. Edmund*!, a town of Suf foW, with a market on Wednefdays, and two fairs, on September 11, which laAs three weeki, and on December 3, which •ontinMcs three days, for horfes, butter, and cheefe The fituation i« exceeding pleafant, and the air is fuppofed to be the beA in En{(land, f .r which rsafon it is frequented by r|-,e better fort of people. It was for- merly of great note for irs abbey, which was faid to be the Aneft and ri;:heft of any in England, and ftood between the two churchea, which are both very large, and fcated in one church yard. In St. Mary's, •ne of ihcfe churches, lies Mary, Q^ of Fiance, who was married to Thomas Duke of Norfolk. It fends two members to parliament, and is governed by a recorder, 12 aldermen, and 24 common council. The Arects, which arc alwa)s clean, are pretty wide, and well paved } and it con tains about 1000 houfes, which are in general well builr, and 7000 inhabitants. The town took its name from St. Edmund the King, who was buried here, a^ier be- ing murdered in a wood, and his head fevered from his body. Befides the above churches, there are one PrcAiyterian, one Independent, and one Quakers meeting. Here ia a fpacious maiket-hall, a grammar- fchool, a fine fair-fted, and a beautiful crofs. The market is very large for corn, Afh, and fowl. The aflizes for the county are held here. It is i'4 mi!;: E of New. market, and 75 N. N. E of London. Lv-^n. o. 36. I. lat. 5s. «o. N. BuRv, a town of Lancafttire, with a ■larket on TburCda/i, and two fair^, on %*f ■ : . • ; BUT .\uRuil 11, and April ti, for hom«4l cat* I.e. hoifis, and woollan cloth. |i is 3^ miles S E. of Lane OUr, and 19$ N. N. W. ol London. L'>n. a. ai. W. Ux. 53. )6. N. BviiAiAN, nr BassaAN, a fca port town oi TMiky in Alia, and in Irac ArabI, Mhour fnrty miles N. W. of the fulph of l'cili« It l\andt between the ri«rBu|»hia(c% Icated oh fie W. Ada of the river Euplirarea »a4 t e Uefert, whKh lal) comes up clofa til the walls. Some geographers place thia town at a dlJlince from that river j hut it IS a mil)4hc. for the R, end is on th« fide of rhe river ; and there is a c«n:il from tho Euphraiei, which runt from the one end of the city to the other, and divides it int« two parts } and over it there is a bridgo 01 boats, to keep up a communication be* tween them. The circumference is vary large, which is owing in fome meafure to • lie gie.it number of date- trees planted wiih'i) the walla. The houfes arc generally two llorira high, flat on the top. Thef are cnnflfuArd wiih bricks burnt in the fun, and have the meaneA afpeft of any place in ihcfe parti ; there ia fomewhat of architcAurc in the mrTques ; but they lean in fiich a m.inner, that they feem ready to tumble down. The rampart* are very much cut of repair, and on the walls are a great number of baftioni, or round to»vers. Th^s city is governed by a Tur- kiHi b.<(haw, ;ind a maufolem, and has a garrifon ccnfllling of 3000 ianifaries. Here are many Jews, who live by brolterage and exchangini; money 5 but thiey are kept very poor, tor political reafons. There are but a very few Chriftians of the Greek church, and thefe have no prieft of their own. In 1691 it was vifited with the plague, which drilroycd 80,000 of the inhabitants) but it was afterwards repeopled by the wild Arabs, who were foon brought under the fubjeilion of the Turks. The trade here is not fo confiderabJe as it was formerly, which ifi owing to the infolence of the Turks. It is 1 50 miles S. by E. ot Bagdad . Lon. 48. 25. E. lar. 30. ao. N. Buteshire, in Scotland, eonfifls of the iflands of Arran and Bute, which lie in the Frith of Clyde, to the 8. of Argylefhire. They are fertile in corn and paftures, and there is a confideraMe herring fifhery. This fhi e, together with Caithners, fends one member to parliament. • BuTK AGO, a town of Spain, inNew- Caftile, formerly a bilhop's fee. It is featad on the river Lozoya, 30 miles N. by E. of Mad. id. Lon. a. 55. W. lat. 40. 56. N. But a INTO, a fea-port town of Albania, feated ootlia^anal of Corfu, witha bi(hop'a fee. C A A U9, Mid a good harbviur. It Aandi at the •nirAnce of tlte gulph of Venice, 30 miles b. E. of Chimear. Lon. ao, 40. E. lat. 30. 45. N. Button'i'Day ii the N. part of Hod- fon'a Bvy, in N. Amsrica, through w c. • O A A N A, a handfome town of ^ Egypt) on the eaftem bank of the CAB river Nile, whence they tranfport corn and pulfa to Mecca. Several fine mouiiicniv, covered with hieroglyphic*' charaAets, arc found here, it is 310 miles S. of Cairo. Lon. 3&. 23. E. lat. 14. 30. N. * CAMBOA-t)i-ViDs, a fmaU town of I'oriu^al, in Alenicjo, with pood walls, and a DronK caDle. It is la miles S. W. of Pott Ak't;io, Hnd ao N. of Eltremos. Lon. 6. 4]. W. Ut. 39. o. N. Carcnda, a fea>port town of Congo, in Africa, too miles S. E. of Loanga, and fubjc^l tu Portugal. Lot). 11. a. E. lat. 4. 5. S. *CMits,orGABi:s, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Tunis, r<:ar the gulph of (he fame name, feated on a livei. Lon* 10. 5S- E. lat. 33. 40, N. ' " Cabo-Corsu. See Cafe Coast Ca** TLB. Cabo ok Istria, the capital town of the province of llUia, in the territoiy of Venice, feated on the coad of the Gulph of Venice, it miles S. of Tiiefte. It (lands on a fmnll ifland, and is ji'incd to the main- land by draw- bridges ; it is a bifliop's fee. Lon. 14. ai. E. lat. 45. 49. N. * Cabra, a (own of Africa, in the kingdom of Tomhut, It is a large place, but without wallii, and is feated on the river Niger, i a miles from Tombut. Tha houfes aie built in the fhape of bells, the walls ate ftaket or hurdles, piaiftered over with clay, and the coverings of reerts. They make a great deal of cot ton- cloth themfelveR ; hut woolUn-cloths andAulTs are brought from Batbary. The people are Mahometans; and it is frequented by a great number of negroes { who come th|. ther by water. It is governed by a vice- roy, and is 900 miles N. of Algiers. Lon. o. 50. E. lat. 14. 10. N. Cabrk* lA, a fmall idand in the Medi* terranean Sea, to the S. of Majorca, from which it is diitant 7 or 8 miles. It has a large fecure harbour, defended by a caftie. Cabul, a large town of Afia, in India, and capital of Cabuliflan, with two flrong caflles, and many palaces. This, toge her with the province, were ceded to Kuli- Khan by the Great Mogul, on his quitting the re(l of his Indian conquers in 1739. It is on the road from Labor (o Sarmacan'd, about 100 miles E of Candahor in Peifia. Lon. 69. ]0. E. lat. 33. aa. N. • Cabuhstan, a province of Afia, formerly in the territories of the Gveat Mogul, but now in Perfia. it is bounded on the N. by Tartaty, on the E. by Cafh- mite, on the W. by Sahicftan and Canda- har, and on the S. by Multan. Thii coun- ty C A C try is not very fertile, hut it U rich en m- cuuiu of tiadc. C'abul ii the capital town. * Cacaca, a town of Africa, in the kingdom ot Fez, near Malilla. The Moon lutook it from the Spaniards in 1534} and it has a fort upon a rock. Lon. a. 55. W. lat. 15. %. N. Cacibis, a townof Spain, in Eftrama- dura, near the confinet of Portugal. Be- twern this town and Brocos is a wood, in which the Allies defeated the French army in 1706. It is famous for its fine wool, and is feated on the river Sabrot, sa milet S. £. of Alcantara. Lon. 6. 47. E. lat. 39. 15. N. Cacirbs-di-Cama« inna, a town of Afia, in the ide of Luzon, with a bilhop's fee, and fubjcA to Spain. Lon. «S4. 50. £. lat. 14. 15. N. Cachan, or Caiman, a eoiliderable town of Perfia, in Jrac Agemi, where they carry on a conAclerablc trade in filks, filver and gold brocades, and fine earthen ware. There are a great number of Chriftians and Cuebreft in tliit place. It is feated in a vaft plain, 55 miles from Ifpalian, and in the road to Kom. Lon. 50. a. £. lat. 34. 10. N. Cacmao, alarge town of Af>.'«, in the Z. Indies, and capital of a province of the fame name, in ihe kingdom of Tonquin, about 80 miles from the fea, and on the weft-fide of the river Hott. It contains ahout -.10,000 hourrt, whofe walla are mud, and covered with t>>atch ; and each have a yard, in which is a fmall ar;f.td brick build* ing, like an oven, with the mouth to the ground } in tlefe they put their goods to fecure them from Ai e. The Kings of Ton quin have two or three palaces in it, fuch as they be. The houfeof iheEnglifh fa^ory is feated at the nottii end of the town, fioniing t^e river, and tiers of the kingd .m of Granada. It be- longs to the archhtrhnp of Toledo, and «• 1 5 miles E. S. E. oi Ubeda. Lon. i. 55. E« lat. 37. 56. N. * Caoan, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Zats, feated on the northern bank of the river Egra, 18 miles W. by N. of Zats. Lon. 13. 34. E. lat. 5c. so. N, * CaDKA, or THB LCAGOB OF THB HoKiE or Goi>, is one of thefe that com- pofe the Republic of the Grif()n$, »r>.4 the mofi powerful ar\d extenlive of them at!. It contains the bifhoprlckofCoire, iherreat valley of Envadine, and ti>at of Bragaille, or Pregel. Of the 11 great, or »i fmall oommunities, there are but two that fpeak the Germ-tn language : that of the reO ic called the Rhetic, and is a diale£l of the Italian. The Protef)ant religion is the moft predominant in this League, which is allied to the Seven Swifs Cantons, ever ftnci the year 1498. Coire is the capital town. • CadeMac, a town of France, in Querci, on the coitAnes of Rouergue, (tattd on the river Lot, 17 miles E. N. E. of Ca- hors. Lon. «. jz. E, lat. 44. 36. N. • Cade NET, a town of France, in Pro. vence, and in the viguirie of Apt, z8 miles S. E. of Avignon, and 10 S. of Apt. Lon. 5. 30. t. lat 43 40. N. • Cadillac, a town of France, in Guienne, and in Razadois, near the tiver Garonne, with a handfome c»Me, 15 miles S. E. of Bourdeaux. Lon. 0. 15. W. lar. 44. 37. N. Cadiz, a handrdme, large, ilrong^'rich, .... I ,j,j :-»: C A fe and t'artioui town of Spain, in Andaluna, w'irt ■ good harboiir, f cquented by mer- chant iliips from all pans. It is a bifhop's ice,' and feared on an ifland, about iS mUes in lengVh, and 9 in bVe««dth ; but the K.. W. end, where the town ftands, is not two broad. It has a communication with the continent on the oppdnte'lhore by a bridge. The bay forihed by it is it miUs in length, and 6 in breath. The S. Tide is inacceiTible by feA, becaufe it is edged with craggy rocks, and the two forts, called I'un tai and Matagorda, comtnand fhe palfige into the harbour. It is a very ancient place, being built by the I'hcenicians, and wa^ afterwards a Roman town ; there are ftill feveral remains of Roman antiquities, ^he inhabitants have no water but what they get from wells. All the Spanifh (hips go from hence to the "W. Indies, and re- turn hither. It was taken and plundered by the Englilh in 1 596 } but being attempted again in 170s, they had not the like fuc cefs. It contains al^out s'ioo houfes, and 50^000 inhabitants ; and the cathedral is a very handfome ftrudlure. It is zo miles W.of Wcdina-Sidonia,45N W.ofGibral Jar, 90 W. by S. of Malaga, and 65 S. by W. of Seville. Lon. 6. 46. W. lat. 36. * Cadiz, thz Isle or: betides what has been juft faid, it may be obferved that this idand lies off the mouth of the river Guadalquivir, near the coaft of Andaiufia, whence it is feparated by a channel, over which there is a bridge called Suaco. There are two -old towers, the remains of a building called the Cblumns of Hercules It is exceeding rich in pailures; but has no place of note in it except ddii ; there a;e a great number of fait works round tie barbouf. * Cadori, ort*iiVE Di Gaoorj, a town of Italy, in the ten itory of Venice, ' and capital of a diAri£l called Cadorino, fa mous for the biith of Titian the painter. It is -15 miles N of.Belluno. Lon. 13. 45. E. lat. 46. 25. U. Cadorino, a province of Italy, in the territory of Venice ; bounded on the E. by Proper Friulli, on tl e S and W, by Bel- lunefe, and by the bifhbprickof Brixen on the N. Jt is a v^ynnountainous country, but pretty populous. The only* town is Pieyc ^j Cadorp,;/ , . , ■ -- Cadsanji, an^Jdaiia on the coaft of Dutch Flanders, at the mouth of the rivel- Scheld. which j;ives the Dutch the com- nnand of tha' navigable river. * Ca-^tcwbicy^^ a. village of N. Walt's, is flinifliiie, 7 milc's"S. by W. of Chefter. C At whh four fairs, on Shrove- TueWay, May iVAuguft i», and Oftober 17, all fop cattle. CAtN, an bandfome, and confiderable tnwn of France, capital of Lower Norman- dy, with a celebrated ■nni\'erfity, and an academy of literature. It contains fioftreets, and T2 pariflies. Here are nine convents for men, and feven for women j to each of which there is a church ; the moft hand- fome among them are the Cordeliers, the Urfuline Nuns, and the Vifiration The caftle has four lovvers ; built by the Engliih. Here is likewife an epifcopal palace belong- ing to the bifhop of Bayeux, where he f metlmes refides. The townhoufe is a large building, with four great towers. The Royar Square h the handfnmeft in all Normandy, and has fine houfeaon three fides of it J )Hd in the middle is the ftatwe of Lewis XIV. in a Romnn habit, ftanriing on a marble pedeftal, andfurrounded with an iicn balluflrade. It isfeated in a pleafant country on the river Orne, about eight miles from the fea. William the Conqueror was buried here, in the abbey of St. Stephen, which he founded. It is 65 miles W. by S. of Rouen, and 115 W. of Paiis. Lon. o. 27. W. lat. 49. II. N. Caerfillt, a town of Glamorgan- (hire in South-Walei, wih a market on Thurfdays, and five fairs, on March 25, Thuifday after Trinity, July 29, Auguft 14, and Thurfday before ChriHmas, all for cattle and (lockings It is feared between the rivers TafF and Rumney, in a moorifh ground, and among the hills. It is thought the wails now in ruins were biiilt by the Romans ; there being often Roman coin« dug up here. It is 5 miles N'. of LandafT, and 1 2a W. of London. Lon. 3. 12. W. lat. 51. 35. N. Caerleon, a town of Monmouthfhire, with a market on Thurfdays, and three fairs, on May 20, July 20, and Septem- ber 2 1, for cattle. It is a place of great antiquity, and was a Roman town, as 's evident from t' e many Roman antiquities found here. It is commodioufly fcaicd on the river Uflc, over which there is a large wooden bridge. The houfes are generally built of ftone; and there are the ruins of a caflle f^ill to be feen. It is 19 miles S. W. of Monmouth, and 141 W. by N of Lo.l» dort. Lon. 3. o. W. bt. 51. 40. tl. Caerwis, a towA of Flintfhire, in N. Wales, with a market ''on TuefdayS, and fix fairs, ch March 16, .the laft Tuefday in AprH.T^rlitity-TVu^fdi'y, the fii(\ Tuef- day a'fter July 7, September 9, and-Novem- b'ir \<3, all for Citttfe. It is fcated on an afcent } C A H ar«ent ; and, though it U but a Tmall place, the market it very good for corn and pro- virions. It ii 6ve milei C. of St Afaph, five W. ot Flint, and 192 N. W. of Lon- don; Lon. 3. 4. W. lat. 53. zo. N. Cafta, or K\rrA, an ancient and confu'erable towp, capital of Crim Tartary, with an excellent harbour. It was taken by titc Cenoefe in 1266, who made it the feat of trade in the EafV, by which it was rendered one of the moft ilouri(hing towns in Afia ; but fince it was taken by the Turks in 1474, it is much decayed ; and their only trade now is in flavts, which are brought from the neighbouring countries, and fold to the Turks. It contains about 5 or 6000 houfes ; but they have no hand- fome buildings, except the remainder of thofs built by the Genoefe. It ib inhabited by Jews, Mingrelians, Armenians, Greeks, Roman Catholics, and Turks, who have all liberty of confcience ; and the Turks have al jvays a (\rong garrifon here. It is feated on the Black Sea, 150 miles N. by E. ot Condantinople. Lon. 37. 5. £. lat. 44. 58. N. Cafpr aria, a largecoun'ry of Africa, boun he Dutch are ma(\ers, who have a town and caiile near the Cape of Good Hope. *CAGtAN, a province of Afia, in the northern partof the IHe of Louzen, feaced on a river of the fame name. It is fo fer- tile and full of bees, that the poor burn nothing but wax candles. Cagli, an ancient epiTcopal town of Italy, 'n the duchy of U. bmo, feated at the toot of the Appenine Mountains, 30 miles S. of Urbino. Lon. 14. iz. £. la'. 43. 30 N. Cagliari, an ancient, large, and rich town of Italy, capital of the Ifland of Sar- dinia, with an archbifhop's fee, and univer- sity, a caltle, and a good harbuur. It ii; the feat of tlie viceroy, and was taken, with tlie whole ifland, by the Englifh in 1708, who transierred it to the emperor Charles VI. but it was retaken by the Spaniaids in 171 7, and, about two years afterwards, ceded to the duke of Savoy, in lieu of Sicily, and hence he has the title of king of Sardinia. Lon. 9. 14. £ lat. 39 IZ N. Cauor S4.a^c9nfi4prable town of France, C A I in Qoerci in Guienne, with a bifhop's r««i and an univerfity. I; is feated on a penin- fu!a made by the river Lot, anrt built partly on a crsggy rock ; there Is a large ftone- bridge over the river, be fides two other bridges, and fcveral mills. The principal iliect is very narrow, and terminat'r's in the market place, in whi^h is the town-houfe. I he cathedral is a Gothic flrtjd^ure, and has a large fquare (leeple. The fortification* are regular, and the town is furrounded with thick walls. It is 50 miles N. W. of Aibi, and 187 S, of Paris Lon. 1. 6. E. lac. 44. a6. N. CAjANABURfi, the capital town of the province of Cajaria, or Eaft Uothnia, in Sweden, feated on the N. E. part of the Uke C.^jania, 300 milts W. E. of Abo. Lon. 2-'. 5. B. lat. 63 50. N. Caj.^zzo, or Cajzzo, an epifcopal town of Italy, in th • kingdom of Naples, in the Terra-^di-Lavoro, 8 miles N. E. of Capua, and 12 N E. ot Niplcs. Lon. 15, iz. E. lat. 41. 10 N. • Caicos, idancis of America, to the N". of St. Dom"n>',o, which take their name from the principal. Lon. from xiz. 10. to 113. 16. W. I,.t. ii. 40. N. Caifong, a large, rich, ."i-! popu!ooi town of Alia, in China, feated 1 die of a lart;e and velL i:ultivate: the mid" am. It Itands m a bo'toni ; and w en h> (leged by the rebels in 1642, they o'Hered the dykes of the river Mohang ho to be cut, which dro.vned he city, an^ deftroyed 300,000 of the in!)abitants. Lon, 113. Z7. E. lat* 15 o. N. Catman IsLANns, in the W Indies, lying between 8 i and 86 deg ees of W. lon- gitude, and in lat. zi. o. N. Vhey are reqiif-nted by the mhabitant-* of Jamaica, who come hither to catch tortoifes, which they carry home alive. They lie to t' e S. of Cuba, and to the N. W, of Jamaica. Ca iro, a large city of Africi, and capital of Egypt, built in 795. I.confiflsof three to>)vns, or cities, about a mile apart; Old Cairo, Cairo properly fo called, and the port termed Bulac. The ancient town,, which feems to have fucceeded Babylon, and was built near it, had t^^e name of Mefra. Old Cairo is reduced to a very fmall place, being not above two miles in circumference, tho* the harbour for boats that come from Upper E ypt. Some of the beys have country houfes here, to which they retire when the country is overflowed by the Nile. New Cairo is feated about ai mile from the river, and ex'ends near it about two miles from the mountains, being about -fevtn miles in circumference. It P bat C A I bai three or four grand gates, of excellent wotknnanfhip j but the (Greets are very nar- row, and look like fo many lanes. The fined houfes are built round a court, in which they make the beft appearance } but there are few or no windows next the ftreet, which render tliem very difagreeable to A' angers. There are a great number of mofques, fome of which are very magnifi- cent ; but the moll remarkable of all is that of Sultan' Hatfan, built at the foot of the caAle-hill. The cattle itfelf (lands upon a rock, and is walled round. To the well of the caflle are the remains of fume very grand apartments, covered with domes, and adorned with Mofaic pi£lures of tiees and houfes : they arc now ufcd for '.veav. ing and embroidering. Still higher is Jofeph's Hall, whence there is a mofl delightful profpe£l over the city, the pyramids, and all the country round. It was probably a terrace to that magnificent room which is now open on the top, and is adorned with very lar^e beautiful pillars of red granite. There are feveral public bagnios, which are very handfoms within, and are ufed as places of refrellimentand diverfion, efpecially for the women, who go there twice a wetk ; but the wives ot great men are deprived of this pleafure, by having baths at home. This city is exceeding po- paleus ; feveral families living in one houfe, and a number of people in each room ; for this reafon, in th« bufy time o> the day, the ilreets a:e fo crowded, that it is difficult to pafs abng. The women have greater liberty here than in other parts of Tuiky ; and there are particular ftreets, where the courtezans fit at the doors, richly dreflTed, to invite in cudomers. Here a e likewife many khans, or carravanfaries, thiee ftories high, for lodging (Grangers. The Califh is a canal whii.h conveys the waters of t^e Nile mto the city ; it is 1 5 or 20 feet brp^ad, and houfes built on each fide of it. As foon as the water begins to rife, they clofe the mouth of the canal with earth, and place a mark, to fi^ew the time when this, and all o her canals in the kingdom are to be opened, which is done with great JTolemniy ; and the mod lafcivious dances are the lead marks of their joy. The mouth of Jofepli's Well is 60 feet in cir- cumference, and in depth 276, being cut in a rock : and there are oxen in proper p'aces employed in drawing up the water. This city was fwrmc'ly a place of much grea'er rrade than at pirfent, fince a palfage was found to thf Eaft Indies, by 'heCjpc; of Gooii Hop.. The piincipal merc'andizfjs for exportation are fi.«x, thread, cotton, C A L leather, callicoes, yellow wax, fal am* moniac, and fafifron. Befides thefe, thert are prodigious quantities of coffee front Mocha, drugs, fpices, callicoes, and other merchandizes, from the Eaft Indies. Jofeph'a Granary is in Old Cairo, and is furrounded by a fquare wall. ' Hera they lay up the corn that is paid as a (ax to the Grand Seignior. NotwithAanding its name, it was certainly built in the time of the Sara- cens. The Europeans ftill have their con- fuls and factors here, for the proteAion and management of theTurky trade on that fide. It is feated near the Eaftern banks of the Nile, about 100 miles S. of its mouth, Lon. 32. 12. E. lar. 30, 2. N. Cairoan, or Kairoan, a town of Tunis, in Africa, feated on the river Ma- grida, 80 miles S. of Tunis. It has beeB long the feat of the Arabian princes. Lon. 9. 12. £. lat. 35. 40. N. Caket, atownof Afia, in Perfia, and in the province of Gurgillan, near Mount Caucafus. Its trade confids chiefly in filkt. Lon. 46. 15 £. lat. 43 32. N* * Cala, St. a little town and barony of France, in Maine, with a Benedictine abbey. Calabria, a country of Italy, in the kingom of Naples, divided into Calabria Ultra, and Calabria Citra, commonly called Ulterior and Citerior, or Farther and Hither Calabria. Calabria Citra is one of the 1* provinces of the kingdom of Naples, and bounded on the S. by Calabria Ultra, on the N. by Bafillcata, and on the W. and E. by the fea; Cofenfa is the capital. Calabria Ultra is wafiied by the Mediterranean Sea on the E. S. and W. and bounded by Cala- bria Citra on the N. Reggio is the capital town. Calahorra, an epifcopal town of Spain, in Old Cafiile, feated in a fertile foil, on the fide of a hill, which extends to the banks of the river Ebro, 70 miles E. of Burgos, and 6z N. W. of Saragofia. Lon. 2. 7. W. lat 42. 12. N. Calais, a ftrong town of France, in Lower Picardy, with a citadel, and a forti- fied harbour. It is built in the form of a triangle, one fide of which is towards the fea. The citadel is as large as the town, and has but one entrance. It is a trading place, with handfome ftreets, and feveral churches and monaHeries ; the number of irthabitants is reckoned to be 4000. It was taken hy kmg Edward HI. in 1347} and was loft in C^ Mary's time in 1557. It was bombarded by the Englifh in 1696, without doing much damage. The fortifi- cations are good j but its greateft flrength is r*- C A L u its fltuition amonn: the nurOies, which n ay t>« overHovstd »t the a^jproach of an ctemy. The harbour is not lo good at formerly, nor wjII it admit vefTels ot any great burden. In times of peace there are packet-boats, ^oing b^tckward and forwar«i tv'ice a week, from Dover to Calais, which is XI miles oiflant. It is 25 miles W. of Dunkirk, and 152 N. of Paris. Lon. a. 6. £. lat 50 5^ N. Calamata, a confiderable town of Tufky in Europe, in the Morea, and pro- vince of Bclvedera. It was taken by the Venetians in 168$ ; but the Turks retook it afterwards, with all the Morea. It Hands on the river Spinarza, 8 miles from the fea. Lon. Z2. 15. £. lat. 37. 8. N. * Calamianei, an ifland of A(ia, in the Baft Indies, between Borneo and the Philippines. * Calamo, or Calamink, an ifland of the Archipelago, near the coail of Afia. It has a town of the fame name, and is fubjeil to the Turks. Calata Bkllota, a town of Sicily, feated on a river of the fame name, at the foot of a mountain in the valley of Mazara. * Calata Fimi, a town of Sicily, in the valley of Mazara. * Calata Girona, a town of Sicily, in the valley of Noto, feated on a craggy mountain, near the river Driilo. Calatajud, a large and handfome town of Spain, in the kingdom of Arragon; feated at the confluence of the rivers Xalon and Xitoca, at the end of a very fertile valley, wih a good caftle on a rock, 37 miles S. W. of Safagofl!ai Lon. s. 9. W. lat. 41. 22. N. * Calata NicETTA.a town of Sicily, in the valley of Noto, feated on a mountain near the river Salfo. * Calata Xibeto, a town of Sicily, in the valley of Noto, feated between the mountains, near the fource of the river Ditano, CALATRAVA,a townof Spain, inNew Caftile, the chief place of the military order of the Knights of Calatrava, inAituied by Sancho 11. king of Calon, at the mouth of a river of the fame name. The Dutch became maflers of it in 1655; but were obliged to leave it. Lon. 80. 51. E. lat. 6. 38. N. * Cali, a town of S. America, in Po- payan, and in a valley of the fame name, feated on the river Cauca. The governor of the province generally refides there. Lon. 78'. 5. W. lat. 3. 15. N. Calicoulan, or Quilon, a town on the coall of Malabar,tn the £. Indies, and in the peninfula on this fide the Ganges, where the Dutch have a fadtory. It is 150 milea S. of Calicut. Lon. 75. 21 E. lat. 9. 5. N, Calicut, a town of Afia, in the E. Indies, feated en the Malabar coaft, 309 miles S. of Goa, and 310 S. W, of Fort St, P » George, C A L C A L Oeorf^e, fubje£l to its own princt. The I kinds of four-footed animals peculiar to tT)« Englilh have a faf^ory here ; whence ihey export pepper and other Indian merchan dizes. This was the (iift place the Portu- guefe difcovtred, when they came to the E. Indies by tlie Cape of Good Hope in S498. It is fcated on the fea-fide, and contains about 7000 houfes. Lon. 76.4. £. lat. ii.st. N. * Calicut, a kingdom of Afia, in the X. Indies, on the coaA of Malabar, 6i niiles in length, and about as much in breadth. It is full of woods, rivers, and Itiarlhes, and produces pepper, ginger, sloes, and rice, and the trees are always green. There is a particular fort of a tree, which produces a kind of dates, from which they obtain fugar and oil. The king is very |)owerful, and ailumes the title of Samerin, br Emperor. Contrary to the cudom of inofl other countries, the women have feveral hufbinds, and the fifter's children always inherit. The inhnbitants go almo(\ flaked ; and write upon palm-tree leaves, 'i'heir leiigion is not veiy well known; but it is faid they believe in One God, who commits the government of the world to inferior beings, to whom they ofFerfacrifices. Tiiey have temples ; but neither large nor benutiful, and the images are black andde formed. Captain Hamilton aiBrms, that every woman may have ii hufbcnds, of her own call, or tribe ; and when (he proves with child, (he names the father, who is to take care of its education. Cali- cut is the principal town. California, a peninfula of N. Ameri- ca, lying on the S. Sea, formerly fuppofed to have been an idand. It was vifited by Sir Francis Drake in i;78, who called it New Albion, and took pofleflion of it in the name of Queen Elizabetn, In fummer the heats ate very viultnt along the coaAs, ^or it feldom rams during that feafon ; but up the country the air is more temperate In win er the rains are excefTive ; and, Iwhen they are over, there is a great dew every morning. It is very healthy ; tOr Arangers, who have been there for five Jrearii togeflier, never had any fi .kncfs. It abounHs with wide extended plains, plea- fant valeys, and excellent paHures, full of fine fprings ; the rivers and rivulets are be- let with willows, reeds, and wild vin«:s In (hort Calit'ernia is very fiuttful, and has feveral trees and fi uils peculiar to the coun- try. They have fourteen forts of grain which the inhabitants feed upon j and they tn;4ke bread of the roo s of trees and plants. Some of the tribes, it is faid by the Jefuits, bear fruit thiice a-year. They have two country. One of which is about the fir.9 of a calf of two years old, with a head like a Aag, and horns like a ram ; their hair is long, and the hoofs like oxen. The other are a kind of (hcep, fome white and others black ; but they differ from the European in feveral refpeAs. The other animals are like thofe of Mexico. The in- land country, efpecially northward, is very populous ; but they hn'e no houfes, for they live in a fort of arbours, made of the boughs of trees, in fummer ; and in winter they creep into caves dug in the earth. The men go quite naked ; except a piece of fine linen about their heads ; and they have ornaments made of (hells, mixed with little round berries, about their neck and arms. riieir weapons are bows, arrows, and javelins, which they always carry in their Hands ; for they are often at war with each other. The women wear a fort of apron made of plaited reeds, and cover their Hiouldsrs with the (kins of beafts, with a fort of net-work on their heads. They have alfo neckfaces and bracelets like the men i they make thefe ornaments of a kind of grafs ; as alfo bags for different ufes, and (i(hing-nets : with this grafs they alfo make cups, plates, di(hes, 'and fometimcs um« brellas for women. They have no form of government, and very little religion. They are of a red copper colour, with coarfe black hair, and no beards like the reft of the native Americans. The Jefuits pretend they have made many converts here ; but this may be doubted, if they are like the Americans in other places. If this country can be faid to belong to any, it muft be to the Spaniards j becaufe no other people have ever made any ftay here. • Callaa, a town of Africa, in Bar- bary, and in the kingdom of Tremefen. It is feated on the fide of a hill between two mountains. Callao, afea-porttownof S. America^ in Feru. The harbour is large, and ac- counted the beft in the South-Sea ; for which reafon it has a good trade. The governor is fent from Spain, and is changed every (ive years. It is five miles fr'^m the city of Lima ; but was almoft 'ctally de- flroyed by an earthquake in the year 1746. Lon. 76. 15. W, lat, iz, 29. S. • Calla SusoNG, a town of Afia, in the Ifland of Bouton, in the E. Indies. It is a large town, feated within three miles of the anchoring place, and about a mile from the fea, on the top of a fmall hill, encompalTed with cocoa nut-trees. There is a ftrong ftone-wall round the town, and the C A L the houfci are bnilt upon pofls. The re-' ligion of the inhabitant! it the Mahometan, and ihey fpeak the Malayan language. The people are fmall, well-(haped, and of a dark olive colour. Lon. i*i. 45. E. lat. 5. S. Call 1 60, a river of Spain, in Arrafjon, that rifes in Mount Gavas, near tie coumy of Bigorre. ^ Callbn, a town of Irelanrf, in the county of Kilkenny, and province of Lein- fter, 10 miks S. W. of Kilkenny. Lon. 7. ao. W, lat. 53. 15. N. • CALLlNGTONjOr KaLT. INGT»N, a village in Cornwall, 15 miles N. by W. of Falmouth, with thiee fairs, on May 4, September 19, and November 12, all for hutfes, oxen, (lieep, cloth, and hops Call 00, a fortrefs of the Netherlands, in the territory of Waes, on the river Scheld, fubjeft to the houfe of Auftria. The Dutch were defeated here by the Spaniards in 1638, It IS five miles W. of Antwerp. Lon. 4. 10. E. lat. 5T. 15. N. Calmak, a Arong fea-port town ef Sweden, in the province of Smaland, di- vided irtto two towns, the Old and the New J but of the former there remains only the church and a few houfes. The New town is built a little way from the other, and hat large handfome Areets. It lies 150 miles S. W. of Srockholm. Lon. 16. 15. £. lat. 56. 48. N. Calmdcks, a people of Afia, in Great Tartary, between the rivers Mongul and Wolga. They are of the middle fize, ro- buft and well fet, with broad heads, fiat faces, and olive-coloured complexions. Their eyes are black and fpaikling, far a- funder, and narrow ; the bridge of their nofes is fo flat, that there is nothing to be ften b'it a bit at the end, and two nortrils ; their ears are very large, their beards thin, and their hair black, and as (Irong as horfe- hair ; and the women have the fame fea- tures, but not fo large, and aie well-fliaped. Their fliirts are cf a fort of callicoe, and Iheir other garments of flieep Ikins. They never cultivate the ground, living upon their cattle and flieep j but they neither touch hogs nor poultry. Tliey are of the Pagan religion ; divided into feveral hords ; live in tents, wander from place to place in fearch of food. They trafiick for what they want with the RufTians. Calhe, a town of Wiltfhire, with a market on Trefdays, and two fairs, on May 6, for horfes, horned cattle, fheep, and cheefe ; and on Auguft 2, for toys. It is feated on a river of the fame name ; It has a handfome church, vai fendi two CAM memb^ri to parliament} it 1; milet C «f BriOol, and H W. of London. Lon. i. 59. W. lat. 51. 30. N. Calfc, a mountain, at the foot of which Gibraltar is feated, in the province of An- dalufia in Spam. It is fuppofed to be one of the pillars of Hercules, and fo high, that it covers Gibraltar on the E. fide, To that tHe Spaniard! in vain attempted to take Gibraltar in 1727. Calvary, a mountain of Paleftine, where Jesus Christ was cucified. Calvi, an tpifcopal town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naplet, and the Terra-di- Lavoio, 8 miles N of Capua. Lon. 14. 50. E. lat. 41. 13. N. Calvi, a town in the ifland of Corfica, feated on a craggy mountain and gulph of the fame name, with a flrong foi trefs, and a good harbour. It is 32 milet W. of Badia, and 40 N. of Ajazzo. Lon. 9. 7. E. lat. 4z. 30. N. * Cai. zADA, a town of Spain, in Old Caflile, feated on the river Laglera, 40 miles W. of Calahorrah. Lon. a. 47. W. lat. 42. 12. N. Cam, a river which rifes in Hertford- tliire, and running N. E. by Cambridge, continues its courfe northward to the Ifle of Ely, where it falls into the river Oufe. Cama, a confiderable river of Rufliajin Europe, which falls into the Volga. * Cama RAN A, an ifland of Arabia, in the Red- Sea, whofe inhabitants are little and black. It is the moft fertile ifland in all the gulph, and here they fifh for white coral, and pearj oyAers. « Ca MAR XT, a fea-port town of France, in Lower Cretagne. The Englifli made a defcent here in 1694, by which they loft a confiderable number of men. Cam ARGUE, a fertile ifland of France, in P.uvence, at the mouth of the river Rhone. It is properly an aflemblage of feveral iflands, feparated from each other by narrow channels. * Ca MARINES, a county of Afia, in the ifland of Luzon, one of the Philippines* Here is a njpuntain, with feveral fpringt of hot water, one of which petrifies every thing t: ar falls into it. Cambaia, or Campat, • town of Afia, in India, and in the pcninfula on thii fide the Ganges ; capital of a province of the fame name ; but more commonly called Guzaiat. It is feated at the bottom of a gulph of the fame name, on a fmall river j is a large place with high walls, and has a pietty food trade. Tlie produd and manu- faflures are inferior to few towns in India j for it abounds in corn, cattle, and fiik ; and CAM ami cornelian and agate Aoncs are found in tta riven. The inhabitants are noted for embroidery ) and fonie of their quilti have been valued at 40 I. It is fubje£l to the Creat Mogul. Lon. 72. 15. E. lat. aa. JO. N. Cambodia, a kingdom of Ada, in the I. Indies, bounded on the N, by the kinf;- <>«m of Laos, on the £. by Cochin-China, and Chiapa, and on the S. and W. by the gutph and kingdom of Siam ; divided by a large river called Mecon. The capital town ia of the fame name, feated «ii the weAei n ikart of the faid river, about 150 miles N. ef its mouth. This country is annually overflowed in the rainy feafon, between June and Odober i and its productions and ifuits are much the fame with ihofe ufually found between the Tropics. Lon. 104. 15. E. lat. i». 40. N. Cambk AY, a handfome, large, and very Ikrong town of the Netherlands, capital of Cambrefis, with an archbifhop's fee, a cita- del, and a fort. It is well built, and (lands in • fruitful country, and is confiderable for its Bnen manuf'adory, and efpecially cambricks which took their name from this city. It is looked upon as one of the ftrongeft towns in the Netherlands ; and the country about it n»ay be overflowed upon occasion. It was token by the French from the Spaniards in 1677, and has continued in their hands ever fince. It i» feated on the river Scheld, whkh divides it in two, and is aa miles S. E. of Arras, 15 S.E. of Douay, and toiN. cf Paris. Lon. 3. ao. £. lat. 50. 11. N. Camikesis, a province of France, in tTie Netherlands, about 25 mites in length. It is bounded on the N. and E. by Hainhalt, on the S. by Picardy, and on the W. by Artois. It is a very fertile and populous country ; and the inhabitants are induftri- o«s, adtive, and ingenious. The trade conHfts principally in corn, iheep, very fine wool, and fine linen -cloth. Cambray is the capital town. Ca mbridck, the county-town of Cam- bridgeshire, with the title of a duchy, and an univerfity, which is one of the moft ancient and flourifhing in Europe, and it is thought to have been founded during the Saxon heptarchy. The town confifls of 14 parifhes, and is governed by a mayor, recorder, a bailiff, and a tovrn-clerk, iz aldermen, and 24 common-council ; and the mayor, when he enters upon his ufiice, takes an oath to maintain the privileges, liberties, and cufioms of the univeility, to which he is fubfervient. Its fituation is low, and confequcntly the air is not fo good as that of Oxford. It has a market CAM on Wednefdays and Saturdays, and a very large fair, calUd Sturbich, is htid, about a mile from the town, en September ig, wtiibh laHs 14 days, and is famous for hops, leather, wool, clieefe, and many other commodities : another fair is held on Mid* fummer-day, for horfes, earthen ware, ai^d wood, which holds fevcn days. The town fends two members to parliament, andtiieiearealfotwofent by the univerfity. It condits of 16 colleges and halls, and about i5oonudents. It has about 2500 middling houfts, and tlie inliabitan:s are computed at 6000. Tl>e flieets aie gene- rally narrow, tho' pretty well pavtd, yet lying low, makes them very dirry. In the midn of the market place is a very good conduit continually running and .-: naviga- ble river runs through the town from Lynn } but is a dull place for trade. It is 80 miles E. N. E. of Oxford, 55 E. by N. of Buck- ingham, 28 on the fame point from Bed- ford, 50 E. of Northampton, gi E. S. E. of Coventry, 17 S. ol Ely, and 52 N. by E. of London. Lon, o. 7. E. lat. 5a. 15. N. CAMBRiDnE, New, a town of New. England, in N. America, three miles W. of BoAon, and has an univerfity, confifting of three* colleges. Lon. 70. 7. W. lat. 4a. o. N. Cambridcbshikk, an inland county of England, 47 miles in length, and ig in breadth, and is bounded on the E. by Suf- folk and Norfolk, on the S. by Efltx and Hertfordlhire, on the W. by Bedford and Huntingdon (hires, and on the N. by Lin- coln and part of Huntingdon fhires. It contains 8 market- towns, 163 paiifhes, 17,000 houfes, and about 140,000 inhabi- tants y and it fends fix members to parlia- ment. The principal river is the Oufe, which runs through the county from W. to E. The ait and foil of the S. part is very good ; but the N. fenny and aguifh ; and where there are large wares and meers full of fiih. The capital town is Cambridge: befides which there is Ely, a bilhop's fee. * CAMB■o^, a village in Cornwall, five miles W. of Redruth, with three fairs, on February 29, June 29, and November 1 1, all for horfes, oxen, (heep, cloth, and a few hops. Came LFOKD, a town of Cornwall, with a market on Fridays, and four fairs, on Friday after March 10, May z6, July 17, and September 17, for horfes, oxen, Iheep, cloth, and a few hops. It is feated on the., river Camel, and fends two members \t* parliament, and is governed by a mayor, aldermen^ and recorder. It has one church, iituated m CAM fituatcd hair a mile out of the town, and about loo houfes badly built, but the greets are broad and well paved. Here is a large mai ket for yarn { a g;reat quantity of which it Tpun in this place and its neighbourhood. It it «4, miles W. of Launeefton, and 250 W. by S. of London. Loa. 5. 4. W. lat. 50. 40. N. Cambrit Bay it in the province of Brittany, in Prance, and forms the harbour of Brell, which i< a ftation for the French men of war. Camirino, a town of Italy, in the territory of the Pope, with a bifhop's fee. It is ancient, HronK, and pretty well peo- pled, feated on a mountain, near the Ap- pennines and the river Chiento. It is 25 miles N. E. «f Spoleto, and 40 S. W. of Ancona. Lon. 13. 7. E. lat. 43. 5.N. Cameron Cape, a promontory on the N. part of the province of Honduras, in North America. Caminha, a Tea port town of Portu- gal, in the province of Entre-Duero-e-IVfin- ho, with the title of a duchy. It is feated at the mouth of the river Minho, 10 miles N. of Viana. Lon. 9. 15. W. lat. 41. 44. N. Cammin, a fea-port town of Germany, in Farther Pomerania, feated on the eaftern mouth of the river Oder, oppofite to the l(le of Woliin, 30 miles N. of Stetin, Lon. 15. 12. £. lat 54. 4. ti. Campacna, or Campania, a town of I'aly, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Farther Principato, with a bifhop's fee. It is 17 miles E. of Salsrno, i; S. W. of Conza, and 3; S E. of Naples. Lon. 15. 30. E. lat. 40. 45. N. Campagna m Roma, anciently La- TiuM, a province of Italy, bounded on the W. by the river Tiber and the fea, on the S. W. by the fea, on the S. by Terra di ' Lavorro, on the E. by Abruzzo, and on the N. by Sabina. Though the foil is good, it produces little or nothing, on account of the heavy duties upon corn ; and though the waters aie good, the air is unwhole- fome. It is fubjedt to the Pope, and is about 60 nniles in length on the Mediter- ranean Sea. Campbelton, a parliament-town of Scotland, with a harbour. It is feated . on theeaAern coaft of Cantire, in the (hire of Argyle, 10 miles W. of the Ifle of Arran. Lan. 5. iz. W. lat. 53. 35. N. Campden, a town in Gloucefterfiiire, with a nmrket on Werfnefdays, and four fairs, on A(h Wednefday, April 23, July a 5, and November 3, for horfes, cows, flieep, linen-cloth, aad Aockings, li is a CAM large but poor town, and conlaini abov^ 100 houfes. It gives title to a vifcount* and fends two members to parliament. It is 12 miles S. £. of Worcefter, ts N- E. off GlouceAer, and 87 N. W. by W. of Loo- don. Lon. I. 50. W. lat. 52. o. N. Camp B ACHY, a town of S. America, in New Spain, in tht peninfula of Vucaian, on the weflern coall of the hay of Caaa- peachy, defended by good walls and ftrong forts. It is not fo rich nor trading a tewn as formerly, and is noted for logwoo^ though it does not grow very near it. Ic was taken by the Engiifh, in 1659, by the buccaneers in 1678, and by the freebooters of St. Domir^go in 1685, who burnt it, aiWi blew up the ciudel. Lon. 93. 7. W. lab. 19. 10. N. Cam PEN, a ftrosg town of the United Provinces, in Overylfel, with a citadel, an4 a harbour almoft choaked up with fand. It was taken by the Dutch in 1578, and bjr the French in 1672; bat they ah.tndorted it the following year. It isfe.ited near the mouth of the river Ydel and Zuider Zee, 20 miles N. W. of Deventer, and 44 N.E. of Amfterdam. Loo. 5. 35. £. lat. 5s. i9. N. • Camp INK, a territory of the Nether- lands, partly in the United Provinces, and partly in the bifhopric of Liege. • Campion, a town of Afia, in Tar- tary, often mentioned by travellers wlio have gone from Perfia to China ; but our lateft and beft maps take no no'ice of it « however, fome place it 55 miles from the Chinefe Wall. Lon. 104. 53. W. lat. 40. 25. N. • Campit, or Campoi.1, « town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Farther Abruzzo, 28 miles N. by E.of Aquila. Lon. 13. 55. £. lat. 42. 38. N. *Campo Basso, a town of Italy, in theCapitanata, which is rich and populous, and where there is held a famous fair. Campo Major, a town of Pottngal, i« the province of Alentejo, 10 miles N, of Elvas, 27 N. W. of Badajoz, and 100 E. of Liibon. Lon. 7. 24.. W. lat. 38. 50. N. • Campo Santo, a place of Italy, in the duchy of Modena, lying on the left bank of the river Panaro, and remarkable tor a battle fought there in 1743, between the Spaniards and Auftrians. Campreoon, a town of Spain, in Ca< talonia, feated at the foot of the Pynnean Mountains. The fonifica ions were de- motilhed by the French, in 169 t. It is Tested on the river Ter, 50 miles N. of Barcelona, Lon. 1, 56, W> lat. 42. ao- Cam- CAN * Camia*, a vilbge in Peinbroke(hire. tbree milei N. W. of Haverfordwest, with two fairs, on February 1 3^ and November i%f for cattle, horfei, and (heep. * Camul, a town of Afia, (landing on the eaftern exiremity of the kingdom nf Cialis, on the frontiers of Tangut, in Tai- Cary. Lon, 98. 5. E, lat. 37, 15. N. Canada, a large country of N.America, bounded on the W. by the Ocean, on the S. by the MifTifippi, on the E. by the Englifh colonies of NeW'York, Penfylvania, tec and on the N. by the river St. Lawrence, and the territory of the Hudfon's Bay com- pany. It was difcovered by John and Sebaflian Cabot, father and fon, in 149 7. This country in general is pretty good ; but the winter continues for fix monih!i very fevere. The land that is cleared of trees is very fertile, and the wheat fowed in May is reaped the latter end of AuguA. Puife in general, andefpecially peafe, thrive yer y we)l, and are very good. The woods are full of wild vines, game, and animals peculiar tQ N. America ; but (he beaver is Che moft ufeful and curious of them all. The rivers and lakes are full of filh, and there are a great number of trees unknown Hi Europe. Canada turpentine is greatly «ftcemed for its balfamic qualities, and for the difoiders of the breaA and ftomacM. The original natWes of this country fpeak four different languages, and may be di- vided into as many different tribes, viz. the Sioufe, the Algongiere, the Hautonne, and that of the Efikimaux. MoA of them live a waitdering life, and maintain them- felves by huney are drunk, they become almofl mad. They all feem to worship the fun, and acknowledge tutelary gods, as well as the Fii ft Being. Their wars are bloody, and at prcfent they make ufe of fire-arms. The French inhabitants are about 30,000, who have a governor, an intendant, and a bishop. Quebec is the capital town ; which was taken by the Inglidi on the i8th of September in the year 1759 ; at the fiege of which the brave General Wolfe loft his life, but not biifore be perceived that the Env;lifli forces were vidlorious. The whole country was after- wards reduced and ceded to the Englilh by the peace of 1763, Canal Royal, or. The Canal of Lan- guedoc, fo called, becaufe it paffes through the S. part of Languedoc^ and maintains a CAN communication between the Mediterrantan and the Ocean. It is 170 miles long, 30 feet wide, and is a wonderful work j but that which is mofl furprifing is the place called Malpas, where a very hard rock is pierced through, to make a palfage for the water. This canal was begun in 1666, and finifhtid in 1681. * Cananok, a large maiitime town of Afta, on the coaft of Malabar, in a king> dom of the fame name, with a very large and fafe haibour. It formerly belonged to the Purtuguefe, and had a itrong fort to guard it } but in 1683, the Dutch, toge- ther with the natives, drove them away ) and, after they became maAers of the town, enlarged the fortifications. They have but a very fmall trade ; but there is a town attha bottom of the bay independent uf the Dutch, whofe piince can bring io,oco men into the ticld. The Dutch fort is large, and the •iovernor's lodgings are at a good diAance from the gate j (o that when there was a flcirmifli between thefaftoryand the r stives, he knew nothing of it till it was over.. Lon. 78. 10. E. lat. 12. 0. N. Cananor, a fmall kingdom of Af.a, on the coaA of Malabar, whofe king can raife a confiderahle army. The natives are generally Mahometans, and the country produces pepper, cardamoms, ginger, miro- bolans, and tamarinds, in which they drive a comiderable trade. ' Can A R A, aktr K'^om of Alia, on the coaA of Malabar. The inhabitants are Gcnteos, or Pagans } and there is a pagod, or temple, called Ramtrut, which is vifited every year by a great number of pilgrims'. Sometimes they carry the image in procef- Hon, which is more like a monkey than a man} and itisput intoavehiclrlikea tower, ] 5 feet high, at which time the Areets are prodigioufly crowded with people, who come to behold the ceremony. Here the cuAom of burning the wives with their hufbahds had its beginning, and is pra£)ifcd to this day. This country is generally governed by a woman who keeps her couit at a town called Raydor, two days joui ney from the fea. She may marry whom (he pleafes, and is not obliged to burn with her hufband, like her female fubjeAs. They are fuch obfervers of- their laws, that a robbery or murder is fca>ce ever heard of among them. None but tlie principal men arefuAered to ride upon horfes, mules, or elephants; and therefore the common peo- ple make ufe of oxen, or bufT^loes. The Canarins have forts built of earth along the coaA, which ate garrifoned with zor 300 foldiers, to guard againft the robberies of their CAN their neighbour*. The lower groundi yield every year two crop* of corn or ricej and the hig er prodwce pepper, betel nuti, fan- dal wood, iron, and Aecl. The Purtugu.fe c'ergy here live ihamclers lives, anil nu>«« no fcrupule of procu ing womtn for flran geit. C/iNARY-Iit. ANDi, wcre anc'entl; olU ed the Foitunate IHands, and are feven in number, lying in the AcUntic Ocean, near the continent of Africa. Their names are, Palma, Ferro, Gomera, I'e- neriff, the Gran J Canary, Fueiteven- tura, and Lancvrotaj to winch may he added feveral fmaller iflei, as Craciofa, Roccas, Allcf^ranza, St. Clare, in:ierno, and Lobos. They belonf; to the Spani-vr^'s, and produce barley, fu.;ar canes, and ex- cellent wine ; ?nd it is from thence t'>at the Canary birrls originally came. Lon. from jz. to II. W. la*, from 27. 3c. to 29. 30. N. Canary, Grand or Proper, is that which gives name '0 the other Canary Idands, and is furrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, near the coaft of Africa, bein;^ about 120 miles in circumference. It a bounds in corn, wine, fruit, cattle, and game, betides oxen, camels, goats, (heep, capons, hens, ducks, pi^reons, and large partridges J but it is in want of wood. The capital town is of the fame name. Lon. 15. 50. W. lat. 28.4. N. * Canary, or CiviDAD di Palma s, the capital to An of the Grand Canary, with a bifhop's fee, a tribunal of the Inquifition, and the Supreme Council of the Seven IHands. Tne calUe is fsated on a hill, but is very mean and defpicable. Mofl of the houfes are well built, two flories high, and flat-roofed, and the cathedral is very handfome. The inhabitants are gay and rich ; and, as the foil is Tandy, the ftreets are always very cl'-an. The air is very temperate, and free from the extremes of heat and cold. They have two wheat har- ve^s, in Fthruary and May, and the corn makes bread as whi:eas fnow. They have alfo I a rugar-houfes, in which a great quantity of fuior is made. The wu e called Palm Sack has its name from hence, as well as common Sack, often termed Canary. It is computed that 10,000 ho^fhe;< is are fent annually from hence to England in time of peace. The original inhabitants had no refemblance, either in languages, manners, or cufloms, to their ncig'ihours on the coniinents of Europe or Africa, and their comilexion was of an olive colour. The French have a conTuI at this place. Lon. 15. 50. W. kit. 28. 4. N. CAN CANCAtLK, a town 01 'rtma*, in Vfl^ per lirittany, by the rca-A , wlt«ie thi is a road. It was here the > '>t(lith hindv. in 17^8, in their way to St. M;iloe3, vvh'tc (hey burnt a great number of fliips in t'lt h furrounded en all fidts Uy fens and rock:>. Lon. 67. 5. E, lat. 33. o. N. • Canoahak, a provinc of Afia, buunrled on the N. by Balk, on iht; E. by the province of Cabul, on the S by liat of L'.ukor anJ SageHan, and on the SV. by other prcvirue* of P.-ifia. Candi A, an iflmi! intheMeditenanean, formerl, ca led Crete, ard lies to ihr S. of the ArcitipiUgo Tiie capital town it of t'le fuir; ; name, whicli. t!iai ^h \ (•<>u'ous lormtrly, is now ittk bfmr than a defait, tliete being nntiiin^ Irwt ^u^bi(h, cjcc'pt at the bazar or m3ikct-(jlace ; hkewife the haibour of Candia is now fit .or nothing but boats : however, the walls of the town are yet ftandmp, whi':h aie p; :tty flr'^ngj and it is the fee of a Greek aicliLin)'>p. Here .ire fome Greeks, a few Jew.-:, and fome Armenians, befides three or four French families, with a vice conful. It was taken by the Turks in 1669, after above a three years fiege. It was attempted to be retaken by the Venetians in 1691* but without effedt. The produ^l of thia idand is corn, wine, oil, wool, filk, and excellent honey. The air is good, as well as the water ; and it is chiefly inhabited by Greeks, who bear a very ^ood character. It is divided into three parts, the principal of which is Candia, where the bej;'e;bsy refides ; the fecond is Canea, where there is a bafliaw ; and the third is that of Retimo, where there is another bafhaw. Mount Ida, fo famous in hiflory, is in the middle of this ifland, and is nothing but a huge, overgiown, ugly, fharp- pointed eminence, with not the leaft fhadow of a landfuape ; no delightful grotto, no pubiic fpring, no([ no purling rivulet are to be feen thereon. It is about 200 miles in length, 50 in breadth, and 500 in circumference. It is 1250 miles from Marfeillcs, 500 from Con* Q^ fiantinople. CAN Hinttnopte, 315 from D«lmii(ta, In Bfypt, and 150 from the iiUnd of Cyprus. Lon. »5. 23. E. Ut. 35. 20. N. 0/»Nt>iSH, a confidcr.ih?e province of AAa, in tie dominion! of the Great Mo)i;ul, bonnded by Chytor and Malva on t^eN. Odxa on th« E. Decan on the S. and Cu/a rat on the W. It It populoui and rich, and abounds in cot'op, rice, and indigo. Brampnre it (he capital town. • Canov, a laige king»tom of Afl», in the iPand of Ceylon. It contains about a qunrtei' of the illand ; and as it is encom- pafTcd about with high mi untaint, and covered with thick foreftj, tl>iouj?h which t'lernads and paths aie narrow anddifliwult, tHe king has them guarded, to prevent l>is fubjeflii from going into other coantiieti. It is full of hills, from whence rivulet* pro- ceed which aie full of fi(}i j but as they tun among the locks, they are not fit for boats : however, the inhabitants are very dexterous in turning them to water their land, which is fruitful in rice, pulfe, and hemp. The kin? is abfolufe, nnd his fubjefts arc idola- leri. The capital town is of the fame name. Candy, a town of Afia, and capital uf akinpH'im of the fame name, in the Ifland of Ceylon. It h.is been often burnt by the Portuguefe, wlien they were niaAers of tliefe coadi. The houfes aie very poor, low, and badly furnifhed. Lon. 79. iz. E. lat. 7. 35. N. Cane A, a ftronglnd confiderable town «f the iOand of Candia, where a bafluw ' refides. i is inhabited by 1500 Turks, aooo Greeks, fome Jews, and a few French merchants, with their conful.' The harbour is pretty good ; but the fortifications are much out of repair. The environs of tl e town are admirable ; being adorned with forefts of olive-trees mixed with fields, vineyards, gardens, and brooks bordered with myrtle-tress and laurel- rofes. The chief revenue of this town confifls in oil olive. Lon. 14. 15. E. lat. 35. «g. N. • Canei.l«, or Cane-Land, a large country in the ifland of Ceylon, called for- merly the kingd'^m of Cota. It conisini a great number of cantons, the principal of which ate occupied by the Dutch. The chief riches of this country confifls in cin- namon, of which there are large forells. There ate five towns on the coaA, fome forts, and a grtat number of harbours. The reft ot the country i« inhabited by the natives ; and there are feveral rich mines, IrOm whence they yet rubies, faphires, 10- pRZes, cat8-ey«s, aiid feveral other precious flones. Cake TO, a ftrong toWn in Italy, in the CAN i4uchy of Mmtua, feattd on (he rivtr Of lio, ««hich was taken bv the Impcriahll* in 1701 ; by the French in 170s ) after- w.by the Iniperiahfts } and then by the French in 170^. It is 10 miles W, of Man- tua, an^ 17 E. of Cremona. Lon. 10. 45. C. lat. 40. 55. N. Can 10 A u, t'le hr^heft peak of the Py« renean mountains, faid by fome to be 1440 iathoms above the level of the Tea. Can IN A, the N. patt of the ancient Epiius, a province of Greece, which now helont-'s to the Turks, and lies off the en- trance of the Gulph of Venice. The principal town is of the fame name, and is feated on the fea coaft, 8 miles N. of Valona, at the foot uf the mountains of Chimera. Lon. 19. 15. E. lat. 40. 55. N. •Cannabks, a favage people of South- America, in the audience of Quito, in Peru. They are handfome and well- micte, tho' of a red copper complexion ; and the country abounds in feveral forts of game; if it was cultivated, it would produce grapes, wheat, and barley. • Can NAT, St. a town of France, in Provence, and in the c»iocefe of Marfellles. Canne, anciently Can k.t, the ruins of an ancient city of that name in Italy, and in Bati, a piovince of the kingdom of Na- ples. Tiicy may be fecn between the mouth of the river Offanto and the town Camofa. It was rendered famous by Hannibal, wha here vanquifhed the Romans, and killed 40,000 men, amonf; whom were a great number of Roman knights. • Cannes, a town of France, in Pro- vence, and in the vii-uerieof Giaflc, feate4 on the coafl of the Mediterranean Sea, with a iiarbourand a caflk. It is five miles W. of Antibes. Lon. 7. 7. E. lat 43. 34. Kl • Cano, a kingdom of Africa, in Ne- grneland, with a town of the fame name. It is bounded by Zaara on the N. by tht river Niger on theS. thekiniflomof Agades on the W. and that of Cai^ina on the E. Some of the inhabitants are herdfmen, and j othets till the ;ui as large as Paris. The flreetl .ire long and Arait, paved with flag Hones, and a[ned wiMi fcveral inumphal aichei. riuri- arc alfo bazars, or coveid market- pla..cs, full of (hops. The houfcs are only a ground tlosr, built with earth, and covered vith tiles; Fiowevcr, the Oiops give it $ very ri'.at look The bi.tter fort of people are cirrie' about in chairs; but the com* mo:i ij- 1 walk bare- footed and bai e-lieadcd ) and their t^ouds aie carried by porters, for hty have no wapgons. At the end of evtry (Ircet is a barrier, which ia fliuierer/ evening:, as wtll ns ihe gates ot (he cityj fo that ptoplo are oblij^cd to be at hun;« eaily. The river is covered NA.ith barks, wtiith have apartments in them for families, where many rcfide. The number of inha- bitants is computed at 1,000, coo. Lon* 111. 27. E. lat. aj. 20. N. * C.\NT0NS, the divifions of fever^l countiies; particularly Swid'eiland. Cantz, a town of SilpfM, 6 miles W» nf Hreflaw. Lnn. 16. j6. E. lat. 51.6. N. Caorlo, a finall iflanl in the Gulphof Venice, on the coaA of Friuli, zo miles $• W, of Aquileia, fuhjcct to Venice, It has « town of the fame name, wiih a biihop's fee, Capacio, an epifcopal town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Hi- ther Principalo, 16 miles S. of Salerno* Lon. 15. iS, E. lat. 40. 40. N. * Capalita, a large town of N. Ame- rica, and in the province of Guaxaca. The country roundabout it is full of (heep, cat- tle, and excellent fruit. * Capdsnac, a town of France, in Qusrcy, feated on a cragRy rock, and al- moft furroundcd by the river Lot. CapkBrkton. See Breton Capx. Cape Coast Castle, a forirefs of Africa, on the coaA of Guinea, and the chief that the Ent^liih have in thefe parts. It is a throng place, furniHied with good rooms, and makes a handfome appearance, having a turret on the top. Near it is a round tower, feated on a hill, and furnilhed w^th great guns. Jul) by the caHle is a negroe town, which is the befl built of any upon thecoalts however, the inhabitants here, as well as in other parts, go quite naked, except a clouc or cloth to fiover what de- CAP eency obliges them to hide. ton. e. lo. W. lat. 4. 40. N. Cap K OF Good Hon, the South extre- iTjlly of Africa, firft difcovereil b> the Por- tuRuefe. It is now in 'he hands of the Dutch, who have built a good town and fort here; the capital of the ft!tiemen:s among the Hottentot!;, inhabited by Du:cl> and French refugees, who have made it a delightful place, with charming gardens, full of fruit-trees of various kind», as well as ki chen herbs, and very beautiful flow- ers. The Hot'cntots are reckoned the naf- tieft people in the known world, with little or no religion. They are not fo black a» tlie negroes, and yet appear fo, becaufe they dauh themfelves with greafe mixed with foot. All their diefs conPfls in a (kin which they throw ever their fliouldcrs, and a clout to hide their nakednefs ; but the women are provided with one by nature, of a confiderable lengthy and in this they diflfer from all other Aomen in the world. The Englifh were once in pofTeflion of this country, which they afterwards abandoned for St. Helena. This fettlement has great plenty of excellent wines, corn, and ftuits j alfo cattle, venifon, poultry, and fi(h, which render it a delightful place. Tde principal inconvenience is the ft^rms it ii fubjeft to, both in winter and fummer. Lon. 16. 5. E. lat. 34. 40. S. * Capk-Fr ANcis, a harbour in the idand of St. Domingo, belonging to the French ; and near ic there is a very flou- rjfhing town, * Capk.Palmas, a promontory on the Ivory coafl of Guinea, in Africa. Lon. 7. 5 W. lat. 4. 30. N. Cape THRi^E-PoiNTS, a promontory on the Gold coad ofGuinen, in Africa. Lon. s. 56. W. lat. 4. 50. N. CAPE-VERDf, a confiderable promon- tory on the W. coaft of Afdc, difcoveied by the Portuguefe in 1474. On each fide are two great rivers, viz. Senegal to the N. and Gambia to the S. The country near it is inhabited by negroes, who are willing to trafl^ck with fhips that touch tliere. They aie of a moft dreadful afpe£t, and the women are as ugly as the men. They carry the children on t^eir backs, and fuckie them over their iiioulders. They are as lafcivious as ihey are ugly, profliluting theinfelves in public to Grangers. Lon. 18. JO. W. lat. 14. 46. N. * Capei-lb, a town of France, Ti- cardy, and in the Tierache, 8 miles from Giiife. It was taken by the Spaniaids in 16365 buf retaken the year after, Lon, 3. 59. E. lat. 49. 58. N, CAP • Cap EST AN, a town nf France, In Lower Lan^uedoc, and in the diocefe of Narbonne, near the river Aude, and the royal canal. Lon. 3. 5. £. lat. 4 3. 35 N. Capitanata, one of the Twelve Provinces of the kingdom of Naples, in Ita- ly, bounded on the N. by the Gulph of Venice, on the E. by the Terra-rfi Barri, on the S. by the Bafilicata and t'le Farther Principato, and on the W. by the county di M'.i'fe and h fmall part of Hith(.r Abruz- zo. It ii) a level country, without trees, a fandy foil, and a hot air ; the land, how- ever, near the rivers, is fertile in pitflures. The caj ital town ia Manfredonia Capo Fi NO, a large barren rock in the .erritory of the Genoefe, whic'i hasacaftle; on its eaflern peak. Near it is a fmall haibour of the fame name, 13 miles £, by S. orGeno.1. • Capo d'Istria, a confiderable town of Ital), in Iflria, on the Gulph of Triefle, with a bifhop's fee, and fubjefl to the Ve- netians. The air is whoiefome and tem- perate ; its principal revenue confifis in wine and fait. It is S iniles S. uf Tiiefle, and 15 N. W. of Piflno. Lon. 14. 0. E. lat. 45. 4S. N. Cappadocia was anciently a part cf Lelfer Afia, now called Natnlia. It has no modern name in general j but the Turks have four be-lerbeglics, called Siwas, Tre- bizond, Maiafch, and Cogni. * Cappel Cunnon, a village in Car- diganfliire, in S. Wales, 15 miles £. by N. of Cardigan, with two fairs, on Holy Thurfday, and theThurfday after Michael- mas, for cattle, horfes, and (heep. Capr ALA, an ide of Italy, in theTuf- cin Sea, to the N. E. of Corfica, on which it depends. It is pretty populou:,, and has a Arong caAls for its defence. It is about 1 5 miles in circumference. Lcn. 1 1. 5. E. lar. 43. 15. N. * Capr AROLAjone of themof^ magni- ficent palaces in Italy, feated on a hill, in Roncii^lione, whofe foot is watered by the river Tircia It was built by cardinal Far- nefe, and has Ave fronts, in the middle of which is a round court, tho' ail the rooms are fquare, and vtell proportioned. It is Z7 mi'es N. W. of Rome. ('APR t, an ifland of (i>e Mediterranean in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Hither Principato, over-againft Sorento, famous for being the rt treat of the emperor Tibe- rius. A vail ouantity cf quails come here every year, wliich make the principal re- venue of the bifhop, who is hence called the Bifhop of Quails. It U five miles in length. ■9: CAR- length, And two in brtadth. Cipri U the capital town. Capri, a tnwn of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in an idand of the fame name, with a bifhop's fee, and a Arong eaflle garrifoned by the inhabitant?. \r was once 9 delightful place, and embelliHied with variety of magnificent works, which were demolilhed after the death of Tiberiui. Lon. 14. 4S. E. lat. 40. 31. N. Cai'Ua, a townoflraly, in the king- dom of Naples, and in the Terra-di-Lavoro, with an archbifhop's fee. It is two miles from t'le ancient Capua, and was built out of its ruins. It is the ;.lace where Hanni- bal and his officers trifled 3w:y their time in pieafures, during whicli t^" Romans recovered from their confternaiion after the battle of Cannx. It was taken by the allieil army in 1707 } and is feated on the river Volturno, 15 miles N. of Naples, and 95 S. of Rome. Lon. 15. 5. £. lat. 41. 7. N. Capul, one of the Philippine iflands in Afta, 8 miles in compafs. It is both fer tile and pleafant. Cabacas, CARAcoSfOr St. John de Leon, a confiderable town of S. America, in Terra- Firma, and in the province of Ve neziiela. It is rich, and feattd in a plain abounding in cattle, and cocoa nut^, of which chocolate is* made. It was plundered by the Fiench in 1679. Lon. 67. S. W. lat. 9. 40. N. Car A MAN! A, a corilderable province of Turky in Afia, and in the S. part of Natolia. Moft of the houfes have turrets fo contrived, as to cool f^e rooms in fum- mer. Satalia is the capit^i! town. * Caramanta, a town in S. Ame- rica, capital of a province of the fame name, in Terra-Fit ma. Lon. 77 35.W. lat. $. 18. N. * Caramanta, a province of S. Ame- rica, lying on both fides the river Caucaj bounded on the N. by the didridl of Car- ihagena, on the E. by New Granada, on the S. and W. by Popayan, and the au- dience of Panama. It is a valley furrounded by high mountains, and theie are rivulets from whence the na.ives get very good fait. Carara, a fmall town of Italf, in the duchy of MalTd, between the towns of MaflTa and Sarzana, and five miles from each. Near this place there are feveral quarries of marble, of divers colours, from whenre it probably took its name. Lon. 10. 10. E. lat 44. I. N. Car asu-Mestio, a river of Romania, in Turky, wlich take« iti rife in Mount CAR Rhodolpho, and falls into tht Arthip«* laito. Ca R as ff, a river of Natolia, which rifet in Great Caramania, croflTes part of A\»~ d jla, and at length falls into the Mediterra- nean Sea. The water of this river it fo cold, that when Alexander the Gieat b;(^thed in it, it threw him into a dangcroua difeafe. The emperor BarbarolTa was kill- ed by it on his return from t^e Holy Land, in the year iioo. * Carasui, a famous lake in Bulgaria, and in the country of theDobuflan-Tartara. It is faid to be 55 miles in circumference, and to contain feveral fmall iflandt. It it formed by a branch of the river Danubei, no; far fiom the place where it falli into the Black Sea. ' ' * Caravacca, or Thk Cross «v Caravacca, a town of Spain, feated among the mountains near the river Segura, in Murcia, on the confines of Andalufia and New Caftile. They pretend to have a crofs here, which was brought by an angel to a prieO, who was going 10 fay mafs to a Moorifli king. It is 50 miles N. W. of Canhagena. Lon. a. 5. W. lat. 38. 5, N. Carav.ans generally confill of a great number of merchants, with their camels and hoifes, on which they carry their mer- chandize to diflant countries. They chieflf travel in this manner for their mutual de« fence, efpecially when they pafs over tho Defarts of Arabia and Africa : fome go from RufTia to China, from Perfia to India, and many other places, in all which it would be dfv.^ttOMi to travel in fmall corn- panics. Caravansar Ais, are a fort of public inns built on gieat roads, (or accommo- dation ot caravans ; there being no innafor paflengeis as in Europe. Some of tbcfe are very magnificent ; and there are peo- ple who attend, to accommodate travellers; there is, howewr, no furniture, and in fome places no other provifinns but what the caravans bring with them. Thf^reare many of thefe in the great towns of Afia and Africa, efpecially in the Turkilh and Perfian dominions. They are generally built in the form of a fquare, and round • quadrangle, like a college. Carbon, anciently the Alpheut, one of the principal rivers of the Morea, in Euro- pean Turky. Carc-^ssonc, %n ancient and confider- able town of France, in Lower Languedoc, with a bifhop's fee. It is divided into the Higher and Lower town by the river Aude. In the U[ pf r there is a ftrong caftle and the cathecral church* The Lower ii a'moft fquare. CAR fqvart, and very regularly buiJt. They have manufactures of all forts of cloth, which makcii the inhnbitaots very rich. It is 15 miles W. of Narbonne, and 400 S. cf Palis. Lon. 2. 25. E lat. 4.3. 11. N. Ca r diff, a town of S. Wales, in Gla- ninrgan(hiie, with two maikets, on Wed- refdays and Saturdays, and three fairs, on June 29, September 8, and November 30, ior cattle. It is feattd on the river Tave, ever which there is a handfome "brii-Ige, and i; a iarge> compa^, well-built tcwn, having a cadle, a wall, and four gates. It has a (onfiderable trade with Brlilol j for vcffels of fcnall burden may come to the bridge. At prefent it Itas but one church tXtfi water having deftro) ed the other. The conflableof tht-caf^le is the chief magiilr.ite, yrhoro they c^ll mayor : befides him, there are two bailiffs, a recorder, iz aldermen, 3x common council men, t ferjeants at mace, and 8 conftables. It contains two parifhes, and about 300 houfcs, formed in- to broad paved ftreets. Here the aiTizss fnd fefTions for the county are held ; and it fends one member to parliament. ' Near it are fome iron-works. It is iz miles £. by N. of Cowbridgc, and 163 W. of Lon- don. Lon. 18. W. lat. 51. 30. N. Cardigan, a principal town of Car ^iganfhire in S. Wales, with a market on Satuidays, and four fairs, viz. on Feb. 13, »Dd April s, for fmall horfes and pedlar's ware i Sept. S, and Nov. J9, for the fame and cattle. It is pleafanily fituated on the river Tivy, over whiuh there is a handfome ilone-bridge with feveral arches. It is the ihire-town where the afTizes are heir), and the cpuoty goal kept. The (hire hall is well built ; and it fends one member to Darliament, and has the title of an earldom, it is 33 miles N. E. by E. of St. David's, and 198 W. N. W. of London. Lon. 4. 38. W. lat. s». 15. N. * Cardiganshire, accuntyinSouth- \VaJes, 4z miles in length, and 20 in breadth, lying upon thecoaft of the IiiQi fea, which bopnils it on the W. Radnorfhire is on the £ Merionethfhite on the N. sind Carmar- thenfliire on the S. The air is milder here than in other parts of Wales : and to the W. and S. are plains fruitful in corn. It contains 3150 houfes, 35380 inhabitants, 64 parifhes, and 4 market towns 3 and fends one member to parliament. There are feveral fmall rivers, which, tifirg in the mountains, fail into the fea, but the Tivy istheprincip.-)!. It abounds with veins of lead and filver orej a tonof which laft will yield 70 or 80 ounces of filver. The mines have been worked feveral times to great CAR advantage ; and particularly Sir Hugh Mid- dleton cleared 2000 1. a month for feveral years together, which enabled him to bring the New River water lo London. Si mc private adventurers have attempted to work them, but have failed for want of a fuflfi- cicnt ftock. Car DON A, a handfome flrong town of Sjiain, in Catalonia, with a Urong cartle, nrd tho title o^ a d.jch). Ncn it is an in- exhauflible mount-in of fa't of feveral colours, as led, white, carnation, and gi ttn : but whin wa.'hed it becomes white. 1 here arealfo vinevard? which produce ex- cellent wine, artr! very Icfiy pine-trees. It is feared on at) eminence rear the rivtr Car- dtnero, 37 miles N. E. of Taiagona, and 37 S. W. of Barcelona. Lon. 1. »6. E.lat. 41. 41. N. Carouel, orCARDUELiA, a country of AfM, I\ing between the Black and the Cafpian Seas. Tefl.s is the capital town. Ca u K L 1 A, the eaftern province of Fin- land -y divided into Swedifh Carelia, and Mufcovite Carelia. The capital of thp latter is Povenza, and of the former Wei- burg. The Swedes and Mufcovites have often difputed about this country, but aU moft all now belongs to the laitter. Carelscroon, a fea port town of .Sweden, in Blekingia, or Bleking, on the Baltick Sea, with a very good harbour, de- fended by two forts. It was built in 1679, and is very populous, with aifenals for the marine : the houfe of the dirti^or-general of the admiralty is in this town, and here the Swedes lay up their royal navy. Lont 15. ;. E. lat. 56. 15. N. CARENTAN,a to wn of France in Lower Notmandy, and in the Contentin, with an ancient caAIe ; S miles from the fea, and 95 vV. of Rouen. Lon. i. 14. W. lat. 49. «o. N. * Ca B EX, an ifland of AHa, in the Per- fian Gu'ph, about 1 o miles in circumference. It is 125 miles S. of BuiTerah. CARGAP0L,a town of Mufcovy, in th^ Province cf Dwina, and capital of a lerii- tory of the fame name, Tio miles ^. W. of Aichangtl. Lon. 26. 5. E. lat. 63. o. N. Car I A Ti, a town of Itnly, in the king- dom of Naples, and province of Hither Calabria, with a bifhop's fee, and the title of a principality. It is two miles from the gulph cf Taranto, and 37 N. E. of Cofenza. Lon. 17. 19. E. lat. 30. 38. N. Caribeana, now called Paria, or NEwANDALVciA,a country in .S. Ameri- ca : the inhal;;t.;nts ave much thefame cus- toms as the Catibbees. Caaishh liLAVDS, are iflands of America CAR America in the Wefl-lndies, riivicted among feveral European nations, of which Jamai- ea, Birbadoes, St. Kitts, Antigua, Nevjs, and feveral fmaltcr, belong to the Englidi ; HiTpaniola, to the Spaniards and French ; Cuba, which is the Urged, to the Spaniards ; Martinico, to the French ; Euflatia, to the Dutch j befides many others as will betaken notice of in their proper places. Caribbeis, the original inhabitants of the Caribbee iflands, now almod rooed out, except iii fome not pofltfled by the Europeans. Th^iy have generally been ac- counted canibah or men- eaters, but very falfely. They are of a melancholy, thought- ful, and idle difpofition, and generally live a long while. They are of a copper colour, witli long black coarfe hair, and beardfefs. Tike the reft of the native Americans. They weni rtark naked before t'le coming of the Europeans ; but now thofe that live in the fmall iflands with them are a little more modeft. They have feveral wives without any regard to confanguinity ; but as for their religion it is hard to fay what it is, Carignano, a town of Piedmont rn Italy, with the title of a principality, feated in a didridl of the fame name. It was taken by the French in 1544, who de- moliiflied the fortifications, but fpared the caiUe. It was alfo taken and retaken in 1691 ; and is feated on the river Po, 8 miles S. of Turin, and 15 S. E. of Plg- nerol. Lon. 7. 17. £, lat. 44. 45. N. Carinola, an epifcopai .own of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Terra- di-Lavoro, feated near Mount Mafllco, 15 miles N. W. of Capua, and 27 N. W. of Naples, Lon. 15. 5. lat. 41. 15. N. Carinthia, a province of Germany, in the dominions of Auftria, with the title of a duchy. It is bounded on thr N. by Auflria, on the E. by Styria, on the S. by Cardiola and Friuli, on the W. by Tirol, and the archbifhoprick of Saltzburg. It abounds in corn, and the greaieft part be- longs to the houle of Auftiia. Claginfutt is the capital town. Caripous, a people of S. America, in- habiting a country to the N. of the rfver of the Amazons, who are always at war with tlie Caribbees. They are brilk, bold, courageous, and very well difpofed, con- fidering tliey are favages. C'RisBRooK CASii.E, feated in the middle of the Ifle of V/ight, and is the place where Charles I. was imprifored in 1647. Lon, 1. »9. W. lar, 50. 40. N. Caristo, an epifcopai town of Greece In the eaftern part of the ifland of Negro- pont, near Cape Lorb. Lon, 34, 15. E. Mt. 38. 6.N. Car CARtiNcroRD, a fea-port town of Ire- land, feated on Carlingford-Bay, in the county of Lowth and province of Leinder, 2» miles N. of Drr-hHa. Lon. 6. 24. W. lat. i;4. 5.-N. Carlislk, a city of Cumberland, of which it is capital, with a market on Satur- days ; and four fairs, viz. Aug. x6, for horned cattle and linen ; Sept. 19, for horfea and horned cattle; and on the firfl and fecond Saturdays after Oft. 10, for Scotch horned cattle. It is a place of great anti' quity, and feated at the confluence of feveral rivers, which ahiioil encompafs it. The river Peterill being on the E. Cauda ot» the W. and Eden on the N. which foon af- ter falls into the fea. It is furrounded with walls, and fortified with a caftle, which ftandj on the Wcfl-fide of the town : the houfes are well-built, and the cathedral church is a Aately ftrufture, with cuiious workmanfhip. It is a place of fome trads in fuftians, and fends two members to parliament. The gates are called Irifli, Englifh, and Scotch. It is 60 miles S. of Edinburgh, 70 N. of Lancafter, and 301 N. N. W of London. Lon. 2. ag. W. lat* 54. 45. N, The Pifls, or Roman wall, runs hence to Newcaftle, of which there are ftill fome remains. It was poflVfTcd by the rebels in 1745, *"•* retaken by the Duke cf Cumberland. Carlostap, or Carlstad, a town of Sweden in Wermeland, feated on the Lake Waner, 133 miles W. of Stockholm. Lon. 14. 5. E. lat. 59. 16. N. Carlostad, orCARLSTADT, a towo of Hungary, capital of Croatia, and the ufual refidence of the governors of the pro- vince. It is feated on the river Kulp, S miles E, of Meteling, and T40S. of Vienna. It is fubjeft to the houfe of AuAria. Lon. 16. 5.E. lat, 45. 34. N. * Carlowitz, a fmall town of Hun- gary in Sclavonia, remarkable for a peace concluded here between tiie Tu'ks and Chriftians in 1669. It is feated on the 'V, fide of the Danube, 5 mites from Peter- waradin, and 31 N. W. of Belgrade. Lon. 19. 5. E. lat. 45. 25. N. Cablstadt, a town of Germany, in the circle of Franconia, and bifhoprick of Wurtfburg, feared on the river Maine, 14 miles N. of Wurtfuarg. Lon. 9. 51, E. lat. 50. o. N. C \rma6niot.a, a town of Italy, in Pie/'inont, which gives title to a count. It ha!- a ftrong citadel, is a trading place, and was taken by tlie French in 1691, but re- taken by prince Eugene the fame year. It is feated on>a fmall river, which rat)!> into CAR into the Po, » miles S. of Turin. Lon. 7. 31. E. lat. 44. 43. N. Ca RM All THIN, the capital town of Car- mtrthenlhire in S. Wales, with two mar- kets on Wednefdays and Saturdays, and fix fairs, viz. June 3, July 10, Aug. 12. Sept. 9, Oil. 9, and Nov. 14, all for cattle, toiCes, and pedlars ware. It is pleafantly leated on the banks of the river Towy, over which there is a large Aone bridge, to which fmall vetTels may come up to unload their goods. It is a corpirration, and the place where the aflTizes aie held ; was once fortified with a wall and a (Irong caf^le, and is at prefent a coniidefable place, fend- ing one member to parliament. It is 24 miles S. E. of Caidigan, 42 from Breck- siock, and ao6 W. by N. of London. Lon. 4.27. W. lat. $1. 50. N. * Caimarthcnshirc, acounty of S. Wales, 4S miles in length, 25 in breadth, and bounded by Cardigan flii re on the N. St. George's Channel on the S. Brecknock and Glamorganlhires on the E, and Pern- brokelhire on- the W. It is fruitful in corn and grafs, having many pleafant and rich meadows } alfo ivood, coal, and fea-fini, cfpecially falmon, which is exceeding good. The air is mild and whclefome, it not be- ing fo mountainous as other counties, it contains 2765 houfcs, 16590 inhabitants, 145 paiifhes, 8 market-towns, and fends two members to parliament, one for the county, and one forxhe (hire town. It is watered with fe veral rivers and fmali fti earns The chief town is Carmarthen. *CAKMat,a high mountain in PaleAine, noted for being the retreat of the prophet £lias, and a monaftery of Carmelites. Ic is covered with (hrubs and groves, which ihelter game of every kind j above it there are feveral villages belonging to the Arabs. Carmona, » town of Italy in Friuli, and in the county of Goiitz, feated on a mountain near the river Indri. It belongs to the houfe of Aufiria, and is 7 miles N. W. of Goritz. Lon. 5. 37. £. lat. 46. J5-N. Car mona. an ancient town of Spain in Andaiufia. The gate towards Seville, is one of the mod extraordinary pieces of an tiquity in all Spain . It is feated in a fertile country, 15 miles E. of Seville. Lon. 5. 37. W. lat. 37. 24. N. Carnarvon, a town ofCarnarvonfhire, in N. Wales, with a market on Saturdays, and four fairs, viz. on Feb. 25, May 16, Aug. 4, and Dec. 5, for cattle and pedlar*i> ware. It is commodiouHy feated on the fea>(hore, and has a profpeft into the Ifleof Aoglefea : it is a place of great ftrengtb, as CAR well by nature as art, being furrovnded en all fides, except the 2. whh thefeaand two rivers. It had a flrong caflle, now in ruins ; and has only one parifh ciiurch, but the houfes and ftreets are tolerably hardfome. It has the title of an earldom, and fends one member to parliament 1 is governed by the conftable of thecal) le, who, by patent, is always mayor. It is 7 miles S.W. of Ban- gor, and 251 N. V/.\i London. Lon. 4. 23. W. lat. 53. 20, N. • Cabnakvonshirk, a county of N. Wales, 50 miles in length, 1 3 in breadth, and bounded on the N. and W. by the fea, on the S. by Merionethshire, and on the £. by Denbighlhire. The air is (harp and cold, it being full of high mountains, lakes, and rgcks i however, there are feveral fruitful bottoms and pleafant valleys, which feed iheep, cattle, and goats ; and its rivers are full of fifh. It contains 2765 houfes, 16790 inhabitants, 68 pari(hes, and fix maiket- towns. The highei^ mountain is called Snowdon-Hill, which is boggy on the top, and has two lakes full of fi(hr The (heep, which feed on the fides of it, yield the fweeteft mutton in Wales. It fends two members to parliament, one for the county, and one for CarnarVoo, which is the prin- cipal town. * Car NERO, the name of a part of the gulph of Venice, which extends from the weftern fide of Iftria to the iiland of GroflTa, and to the coafts of Morlakia. Carnia, a province of Turky in Europe, in Lower Albania, called Alfos Defpotat. Carniola, a con(iderable province of Germany, in the territories of the houfe of Auftria, bounded on theN. by Carinthia and Styria, on the E, by Sclavonia and Croatia, en the S. by Morlakia and Iftria, and on the W. by Ftiuli. It is full of rocks and mountains, but produces corn, wine, and oil. Laubach is the capital town. Carolina, a lar«;e country of North America, comprehending N. and S. Caro* Una and Georgia, which are Englifh fettle- ments. Ic is bounded on the N. by Vir- fi^nia, on the E. by the ocean, on the S. by Florida, and on the W. by Louifiana, lying between 30 and 35 degrees N. lat. The chief produce is tobacco, indigo, and rice ; but they are attempting to breed (ilk- worms for the production of filk. They have a much more extenfive trade than formerly, and is ftill capable of great improvements. The animals, trees, fruits, and plants, are much the fame as in Virginia ; fuch as a wild animal refembling a bull, with very long CAR loflg^ hair, (horc legs, large bodiet, «nd great bunches on their backs near the ilioulders. Their horns are black and fliort, and they have a great beard under their muzzles, and fo much hair on their heads, that it hides their eyes, which gives' them a hideous look. They have bears, whofe fle(h is efteemed good eating ; and they make hams of their legs. Befides there they have cat-a mountains, wild cats, wolves, a fort of tygers, beavers, otters, mu(k rats, poffums, racoons, minxes, water-rats, a kind of rabbits, elks, different from the European, ftags, fallow deer, feveral forts of fquirrels, foxes, and two forts of rats. The birds are fo numerous, that it would be tedious even to mention their names ; and there are many forts of fitti, quite unknown in thefe parts of the world. Their fruits and trees are much the fame as in Virginia, and they have fome of the beft kind of fruits tranfplanted from Europe, which thrive very well. The native Americans are of the fame (hape, colour, and ftature, as in other parts of America; they being all of a red copper complexion, with coat fe black hair, and no beards : and heie, as in other places, each man has feveral wives. The other com- modities of Carolina not yet mentioned, are corn, naval ftores, and flcins ; which laft they purchafe of the native Americans. Carpathian Mou n t a i n s, are thofe which divide Hungary and Tranfylvania from Poland. * Carpenter Land, a country of Afia, to the S. of New Guiney, and in New Holland, of which we - know but little. The natives are all blacks, and paint dieir bodies ; but whether for ornament or ter- ror is uncertain. They have the worft fea- tures of any people in the world yet known : Their hair is frizzled, and all that have been yet feen, want two of iheirfore teeth. They live chiefly on (hell-fi(h, which they get on the Ihote j and have no houfes, at lead none that the failors could fee. Carpintrab, an epifcopal town of France in Provence, and capital of Venaif fin. It is fubje<5V to the pope, and is feated on the river Aufon, at the foot of a moun- tain, II miles S, E. of Orange, and 7a N. B. of Avignon. Lon. e. 6. £. lat. 44. 4. N. Carpi, a town of Italy in the duchy of Modena, with a ftroni; caftle, and the title of a principality ) S jniles N. of Modena, and IS. S. W* of Mirandola. Lon. 11. 11. £. lat. 44. 45. N. CAnrif a town of Italy in the Yctooik, CAR memorable for a yiQory gained by the Tnr- perialiAs over the French in 1701. It ia feated on the river Adige, 24 miles 9. E. of Ver*na, and/ubjeA to the Venetians. Lon. li. 39. E. lac. 45. 10. N. * Carpio, a town of Spain in Andalu> fia, feated on the Guadalquivir, with the title of a marquifate. Carravkir A, a town of Turky in Eu- rope, with a Greek arct'birhop's fee. Lon. tt. 25. E. lat. 40. 27. N. Car RICK, a county of Scotland, bound* ed by the Frith of Clyde on the N. W. and Galloway on the S. Bargeny h the capital town. Carrick on Svrb, a town of Ireland in the county ofTipperary and province of Munfter, 14 miles N. W. of Waceiford. Lon. 7. xa. W. lat. 5a. 16. N. Carrick Fergus, a town of Ireland, in the county of Antrim and province of UlAer; it is 4 borough and market-town, very rich and populous, with a good har- bour and a cattle, and fends two members to parliament. It is feated on a bay o( the Irifli channel of the fame name {14 milea E. of Antrim, and 85 N. of Dublin. Lon. 6. 16, W. lat. 54. 45. N. Cars, or Kars, a confiderable and* ftrong town of Afia in Armenia, feated on a rfver of the fame name, with a fortified caftle, almofl impregpable. It is laomilef N. E.of Erzerum,and looS. of Trebifond. Lon. 43. 50'. £. lat. 41. 30. N. * Carschi, a large and populous town* of Afia in Tartary, and in Bokaria, feated' in a very fertile country. Cart AM A, a town of Spain in the king* dom of Granada, formerly pretty confider* able. It is feated at the foot of a mountain near the river Guadala- Medina, 8 miles N. W of Malaga. Lon. 4. 28. W. lat. 36. 40. N. Cartisura, a town of Afia in theEafV Indies, and capital of the empire of Java^ in an ifland of the fame name. Carteret, a county of N. America^ in South Carolina. CARTiiAGRNA,afamous fea-port town of Spain in the kingdom of Murcia, and capital of a territory of the fame name p*^ built by Afdrubal, a Carthaginian general^ and named after Carthage. It has the beft harbour in all Spain, but nothing very con* fiderable ; the biAiop^s fee being transferred to Toledo. It was taken by Sir John Leak in 1706, but the Duke of Berwick retook ' it afterwards. It is feated on a tf^ph of the fame nam«, 27 miles S. of Murcia^ Lon. o. 58. W. lat. 37. 36. N.— Carthaqkna, alargCj rUh|andftrcng R. town CAS town of S. America, and capital of a pro- vince of tlit fame name on the coart of Ter- ra Firma, with a bifhcp's fee, and one of the beH: harbours in America. Tr.e en trance into this isfo narrow that only one (hip can enter at a time ) and it is defended by three fods. All the revenues of the K of Spain from New Granada and Ten a Fir- ma, are brought to this place. It was taken by the ^ngltfh in 15S5, and by the French in 1697, who found a great booty : but admiral Vernon, in 1741, thouf^h he had taken the calUes, was obliged to aban- don tlie CKfi;e, for want of (kill in the com- ^manders of the land forces, and the (icknefs that was amonf; them, not to mention the difference between the admiral and general. Lon. 76. 50. W. lat. 10. 30. N. Carthage, a famous town in Africa, which once difputcd the empire of the world with Rome, but was at length level- led with the ground by the Romans ; fome of the ruins are yet to be feen on the coaH of the Mediterranean Sea, 30 miles N. W of Tunis, n«ar a promontory, &\\[ called Cape Carthage. Lon. 9. 5. £. lat. 36. go. N. Cabthaco, I confiderable town of N. America in Mexico, in the province of Coftarica, with a biHiop's fee, and a Spanish governor. It is a very rich trading- place, and is 360 miles W. of Panama. Lon. 86. 7. W. lat. 9. 5, N. Ca R T M c t, a town of Lancafhire, with a market on Mondays, and two fairs on \Vhit-Monday and the firfl Tuefday after Prober »3, for pedlars ware. It is feated among the bills called Carmel- Fells, not far from the Tea, and near the river Kent ; adorned with a very handfome church, built in the form of a crofs like a cathedral. The market is well fupplied with corn, iheep and £. India company have a faAory, fortified with two baidions. The valleys about it abou^id in corn and pepper, which laf) is (he beft in the E. Indies. The woods on |he mountains abound with quadrupeds, fuch as tygers, wolves, monkeys, vvild hogs, deer, elks> and a fort of beeves of a prodijjious fize. fhe religion of the natives is l^aganifm ; and they have a great tnany Orange and fuperAilious cuf^oms. \t is 6r> ipiles §, of Qoa.- Lon. 73. 7. E. iat. 15. o. N. « Casa DXL Campc, a palace belonging |0 the kin| of ^paiOf feated on the W. fide CAS of Madrid in Kew Gaftiie, dire^Iy oppoflt« the caQle on the other (ideofthe river. !( is a delightful place, and hat an inchanrin^^ grove. CASAi,a Arongtownofltaly in Mount* ferrat, with a citadal and a biHiop's fee. It was taken by the French from the Spa- niards in 1640 ; and the duke of Mantua fold it (• the Fiench in 1681. In 1695 it w»s taken by the Allies, who demolifhed the fortifications, but the French retook it, and fortified it again. The king of Sardinia be- cm of the fnme name in the Rufllan empire, with a (Irong caftle, a citadel, and an archbifliop'sfee. The coun- try aboutit is very leriilein all forts of fiults, corn, and pulfe. It carries on a great trade in furs, and furnidies wood for the building of Hiips. The kingdom of Cafan is bounded on the fj. by Permia, en the E. by Siberia, on the S. by theriver Wolga, an4 on the W. by the province of Mofcow. Lon. 53. 45. E. lat. 55. 38. N. ^ Casb A, a town of Africa, in the king-, dom of Tunis, fsatcd in a fertile plain, 5 miles from Tunis. Casbin, or Caswik, a largp town of- Perfia, in Irac Agemi, where fcveral of the kings of Perfia have refided. The houfes are, for the moft parr, below the furface of the earth near them ; as are alfo many of the gardeiis. The 3\r is fubjeft to fucS^ fudden changes, from heat to cold, and the contrary, that it is very unwholefome for Grangers. Nadir- Shah built a palace here, enclofed with a wall a mile and a half in circumferience. The town is en- clofed vtrith a wall of about four miles in circumference ; and there are a great num- ber of turrets and portholes for arrows. It carries on a great trac'e, and is feated near the high mountain Elwend, where there are fine quarries of white nriarblr,i8o milesof N. oflfpahan. Lon. 48. 6'. E. lat. 36. 30. N. Cascais, a tovyn of Portugal in Eftre- madura, feated at the mouth of the river Tago, 17 miles E. of Lifbon. Lon. 10. 13* W. lat. 38. 40. N. Caschaw, or Cassovia, a town of pppcr Hungary, feated on the river Hofat, CAS Iblrenjiy •eight miiei N E. of Buch, and fubjea ta the houfe of Aullru. Lon. ao. 33. E. iat. 40. o. N. Caszrt A,an eptfcopal town of Italy in the kin^; lom of Naples, and in the Teria- di-Lavoio, wiilt the title of a duchy ; feated at the foot of a m')untain of (he famt; name, 8 miles S. E. of Capui, and iz E. of Naplei. Lsn. 15. 5. E. lar. 41. 5, N. CAlHAtf. SeeCACHANCi. CASHtL,or Cazhil, a townof Irc!an ' in the county of Tipperary, and provjnce of MunHer, with an aihidiop's fee. h is 13 miles N. W. of Clunmel. Lan 7. 36. W. Iat. 52. 16 N. * Cashgar, a kin^'Iotn of AHa, in Tarta'y, otherwife called Little f'ocharia ; bounded on the N by the Calmucks and Mungals, on the E. by Tibet anil the De- ferti of Gobi, on the S- by tht- dominions of the Great Mogul, from which it is in- parated by the high mountains of Iinau';, called by the Tartars Mus-rtat^, and on the W. by Great Bocharia. This country is pretty populous, and fertile, but the air is cold on account of the mountains. Here are rich mines of gold and filver, wh-'-h the natives do not meddle with, becaufe they are employed wholly in feeding cattle. The mufk-animals are found in this coun>- try } .ind they have (everal precious ftones befides diamondst The chitf town is Ca(h- g*r» * Cashcak, a town of AfU) capital of a kingdom of the fame name 1 it flands at the foot of the mountains, and enjo)S a pretty good trade with the neighbouring countiies. The houfes are of rtone, and Very good. Both men and women have gowns which fall down to the calves of their legs, and faflened to their bodies with girr'.les ; witli clefi bieeches, and boors of RuflTia leather, for bosh fexes drefs alike. I'heir complexion is fwarthy. and they have all black hair ; hut it is har I to fay what their religion is exa£lly. Some of the men have two wives j but th» womrn may leave their hulbat ds when they fieafe, though they can carry nothing away with them. Lon. 73. 25. E Iat 41. 30. N. *Cashmibe, a province of AHa^ in the dominions of the Great Mojru!, abour 75 miles in length, atid ^oin brealth } fur- rounded with high mourirain'i on all fides. It is exceeding pitafanc, very populous, and abounds with pailure, ca'tle, rice, wheat, puife, and honey. The inhabitants ■re well-made, aAive, ingenious, and h^ye feveral curious manutaftures, much valued in India. They are all Mahometans or IdolatOfi. Ca(hinire is the capital town e A 5 Ca«wmibi, a large town of Artaicap** tal of a province of tl»e fiime name, in the dominions of the Great Mogul. It is feated on (he lide o: a large fri-fli water lake Lon* 75. a 1; E. Iat. 34. 3 ) N. * C/«si.oN A. a tuuvQ of Spain in Anda* lufla, 5 m:Us N. W. of Baeza. Caifian Sca, a great lake or Tea of Aii.i, bounded hy the country of the Cal-' muck T;irt.4rs on the N. by Bocharia and p.^rt of Periia on tlic E. by another part of' I'eiliaonthe S. and bv aooilicr pirt of Perfia and Ciri;«rtia on the W. b.ing about 400 miles in length frort> N. to S. and 300 in bresdth from E to W. Several great rivers fall into this fea, and yet it never fceins to increafe, though it has no com- munication wi h any utt.er ffa. It is f^me- times very dangerous for fftilors, though ic haih no ohfervahle tide It abounds in fifti, \vhii;h aie thougl.t lu be better tJian in other feas. Lon. from .49 to 55. £. Iat. iron 37. 1047. N. Cassako, a Tmall town of Italy, in tho duchy of Milan,, with a foitified caflle { memorable for an obllinate battle fof ghc here by the Auftrians ;ind French in 1705, It 16 fc->ted on the river Adda, 15 miles N, £. of Milan. Lon. 10. 0. E. Iat. 451 20. N» Cassano, or CossANO, a town oMtaly in the kingdom of Naples, and it: Hither Calabria, with a biHiop's fee ; 37 miles M. of Cofenza. Lon. 16. 30. £. Iat. 39 55-^. Casjil, a town of Germany in the cir- C^e bf the Upper-Rhine, and capital of th« landgravtate of Hefre-Caflcl, with a palace, where the landgrave refides, which is nearly as Arong as a citadel, and is accounted one of the handfomefl in all Germany. The town is divided into t! e old> the new, and tKe upper ; the laft of which is>without tha walls, and chiefly inhabited by French re- fugees, who carry on a woollen manufactory. The Areets are broad, the market-plac^ fj^acious, and there are four churches. The caHle or palace, fiom whence there is an extcnfive and dclighlfol profpeft, is built with free ftone. The gardens, the arfenal, and the cabinet of curicfities, deferve the' attintion of travellers. The French re u- gees have a church of their own. It is feated near the river Fuld, on the frontiers of Brunfwick, 45 miles N E. of Marburg, 2V N. E. of Waldeck, and 40 .S. of I'ader- bo'n. Lun. 9. 20. E. Iat. ri. ao. N. Cassbl, a town of Fiench Flanders, and capital of a chatellanie of the fame name. It is feated on a mountain, whence may be feen 32 tdwns, and cexnmaods a profpet^ »- R » . of CAS of th Armagnac, in the coun- ty of AAerac, feated on the river Ral. * Castelnau de Brasiac, a town of France, in Upper Languedoc, and in the dioctffe of CaAres, feated on a river that falls into the Ajoux. * Castblnau db Brbtbkous, a town of France, in Quercy, feated on the river Seire, near its confluence with the Dordogne, * Castblnav d'Estbfond, a town of France, in Upper Languedoc, and in the diocefe of Touloufe. * Castblnav ob Magnioc, a town of France, In Armagnac, feated on the river Gert. * Castblnav dc Mobtartier, a town of France, io Quercy, feaied on a mounrain, between the rivers Lute and j Barj?»'one. * C.\5TIt.NAV Olt MOMTMXRttt, a town Lon. 6, CAS town of France, in Albigois, to the S. of La Vere. * Castellanx, a town of France, in Provence, and in thediocefeof Senez. Lon. 6.49. E. lat. 43. 55. N. * Castillannita, a town of kaly, in the kingdom of Naples, with a bl*s fee, and the title of a principality. It is fcated on the river Talvo, 5 miles W. of Molota, and 15 N. W- ofTarentum. Lon. 17. 3. E. lat. 40. 50. N. •Castellazo, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Milan, remaikable for a bat- tle fought between the French and Auflrians In 1704. It is two miles E. of Alexandria, and 10. S. W. of Tortona. Lon. 26. 17. E. lat. 44. 53. N. * Castillon, a town of Spain, in Catalonia, 5 miles N. W. of Rofes. Lon. 3. 15. E. lat. 41. 8. N. * Castclnaudary, % confiderable town of France, in Upper Languedoc, fa- mous for the rout of the rebels in 1632, when the duke of Montmorenci was taken prifoner. It Is feated on an eminence, 5 miles N. W. of Carcaflbnne, and 32 S. E. of Touloufe. Lon. 2. 3.E.lat. 43. 19.N. Castiglionx, a fmall ftrong town of Italy, in the duchy of Mantua, with a caftle. It was taken by the Germans in 1 701, and the French defeated the Imperia- lifts near it in 1706. It is 20 miles N. W. •f Mantua. Lon. 10. 29. £. lat 43.23.N. Castile.Nkw, or, The Kingdom OF Toledo, a province of Spain, bounded on the N. by Old Caftile, on the £. by the kingdoms of Arragon and Valencia, on the S. by that of Murcia and AndaluHa, and on the W. by the kingdom of Leon. It is divided into three parts ; Argaria to theN. Mancha to the E and Sierra to the S. Madrid is the Capital Both thefe provinces are very well watered with rivers, and the air is generally pure and healthy ; but the land is mountainous, dry, and uncultivaied, through the lazinefs of the inhabitants, The north part produces fruits and wine ; and thefouth good pafiures, and Anewool. Thefe provinces are divided by a long chain *>( mountains, which run from E. to W. CASTHE,Otn, a province of Spain, with the title of a kingdom It is about 19a miles in length, and 11510 breadth ^ bounded on the S. by New-Caftile, on the E. byArragon and Navarre, on the N. by Bifcay and Af- turia, and on the W. by the kingdom of |.eon. Burgos is the capital town. Castilkox-Oro, a large and fertile eouritrjr of S, America, in Terra Fitma, ly- ing to the W. of Oroonoko. It compre- hends eight governments ; namely. Terra Rrma, Proper Carthagena, St. Maaha, CAS Rio de la Hacha, Venifoels, New And*- lufia, Popayan, and the new kingdom ol* Granada. Castillara, a towQ of Italy, in the duchy of Mantua, 6 miles N. E. oi Mantua, and fubjeA to the houfe of Auftria. Lon. II. 24. E. lat. 45. 20. N. Castillon, a town of France, in Gui. enne ; remarkable for a vid^ory gained bere by the French over the Englifhin 1451. Ic is feated on the river Dordogne, a 5 miles E, of Bourdeaux. Lon. o. 8. E. lat. 44. 53. N. Castlx-Cary, a town of Somerfec- Ihire, with a market on Tuefdays, and three fairs, oti Midlent Tuefday, May i, and Whitfunday, (or bullocks and flieep. It is 12 miles S. E. of Wells, and 11$ W. . by S. of London. Lon. 2. 36. Yf. lat. 51. JS- N. • Castli-Comb, a town in Wiltftiire, fo called from its old caftle. It formerly had a market, now difufed } but has a fair, on May 4, for horned cattle, (heep, and horfes. It is 17 miles N. W. of Chippen- ham, and 12 N. N. E. of Bath. Lon. o^ 25. W. lat. 51. 30. N. * Castle-Hkdincham, a village ia ElTex, three miles N. of Halfted, with ond fair, on May 3, for cattle and toys. Castlx-Risinc, a town in the county of Norfolk, which had a market, now dT- ufed on account of its harbour being choaked up with fand j and for the fame icafon it has no faWs : it is, however, a mayor- town, and fends two members to parlia- ment. The caftle, whence it has its name, is Aill (landing ; and here is an alms- houfe for 24 poor wi(*ows. It is 7 miles N. of Lynn, and 97 N. N. E. of London. Lon. o. ;^9.E.lat. 52. 46. N. Castletown, the capital of the iHe of Man, feaed on the S. W. part of the ifland. It has a llrong caille, but of no great im- portance, on account of its diftance frolA the rocky and (hallow harbour. Lon. 4. 39. W. lat. 53. 50. N. Caston, a town in the county of Nor- folk, with a market Off Saturdays, and three fairs, on January to, April 14, and Au- gud 28, lor (heep, and petty chapmens wares. It is 10 miles N. W. of Norfolk^ and 118 N. L. of London. Lon. i. aa. E. lat. 52. 45. N. Castor, a town of Linco1n(hire, with a market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on ' June 1, for (heep, and Oftober 23, for cattle. It is 24 miles N. £. of Lincoln, and 147 N. of London. Lon. o. 9. W. lac. 53. 30. N. Cast res, a town of France, in Lan- guedoc, wilb a biihop's fee. The Hugu«. no» CAT iioti made It i fort of a republick in 1 619 ^ but being vanquiflied, the fottificatians yitrt demotiQied. It is zo miles S. of Al- bi. Lon. 1. 5.E. ]at. 43. 37. N. Castro, a town of Italy, in the Patr^ tnony of St. Peter, and capital of a duchy of the fame name ; 10 miles from the Tea, and 55 N. W. of Rome. Lon. 11. 34. E. lat. 43. 33. N. * Caitro, the duchy of, is bounded on the N. by Orvietano, on ihe S. by the Mediterranean Sea, on the E. by tlie river Marta, and on the W. by Tufcany. It is fertile in corn and fruits. Castro, a maritime town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples. It was much damaged by the Turks in 1537, and is 8 miles S. of OtrantOi Lon. 9. 24. £. lat. 40. 18. N. CASTaO'AlRilGON. SeeCASTIL-AR- BAROMCSR. Castro Di Rir, a town of Calicia in Spain, in the neighbourhood of which is thefource of the river Minho. Castro, a ftrom; town of S. America, in Chili, and capital of the ifland of Chiloe. It was taken by the Dutch in 1643, and is 380 miles S. of Baldivia ; fubjeA to Spain. Lon. 82. 5. W. lar. 43. o. S. Castro-Marino, atownofPartugal, in the province of Algarve. It is very firong by fituation, and is feated near' the mouth of the river Guadiana, 55 miles S. of Deja, and 105 W. of Seviife. Lon. 8. J 6. W. lat: 37. 6. N. * CastroNovo, a town of Italy, in Sicily, feated on a mountain, near the lource of the river Platani. Lon. 13. 55. £, lat. 35. 40. N. •' Castro-Verregna, a town of South-America, in Peru, remarkable for mines of filver, good tobacco, and whole- fomeair. It is 150 miles S. E. of Lima. Lon. 62. 35. W. lat. 13. o. S. Catacombs, large vaults in Italy, and Sgypt, where the ancients buried their dead. Catalonia, a conHderable and popu- lous province of Spain, with the title of a principality. It is bounded on the N. by the Pyrenean Mountains, which feparate it from France; on the E. and S. by the Mediterranean Sea, arid on the W. by the kingdoms of Arragon and Valencia. In J 641 the inhabitants revolted from Spain, and fubmitted to the French, who con- tinued mailers till 1 6 ;a. The air is whole- fomr; and though the country is watered with a great number of rivers, is full of high mountains, covered with forefcs and Iruit trees. It abounds in wine, corn, and CAT pulff, and has quarries of marbfj andt. feveral forts of mines. Th^y fi(h for coral on ilie coait. Barcelona is the capital town. Catania, an ancient, rich, and celr<- braied town of Sicily, feated on a gulph e^ the fame name, with a biHiop's fee. It l\ands near Mount yC'na, and has often fuft'ercd by earthquakes on that account, particularly in the year 1669 and 1693. In thclart, the town was entirely deAroycd, and 18,000 people buried in the ruins, it has flnce been rebuilt, and repcopled, the, land about being fertile in corn, excellent wine and fruits. It is 32 miles Nf. of Syra- cufe, and 50 S. W. of Mcfliha. Lon. 1 5. 19. E. lat. 37. 30. N. Catanzaro, a populous town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and capital of the Farther Calabria, with a bifhop's fee. It is the ufual refidence of the governof of the province, and feated on a mountain,, 10 miles S. W. of Belcat\ro. Lon. 19. o. £. lat. jS. 58. N. C A T a R o, a town of Dalmatia , and capi- tal of the territory of the fame name, with a rtrong caftle, and a bi(hop*s fee. It is fubjeA to Venice, and feated on a gulph of the fame name, 10 miles N. W. of Scutari, and 27 E. of Ragufa. Lon. 19. 19. £• lat. 42. 25. N. * Catrav Cambrbsis, a town of France, in Cambrefis, with a magnificent caftle or palace, belonging to the arch- bifhop ; 1 2 miks S. E. of Cambray. Lon. 3. 4;. E. lat. 50. 3. N. Catrcatk, the name of a gulph, by which toe Balti.k Sea communicates with the ocean, and lies between Sweden an4 Denmark. * Cath, aconfiderabtetownof Afia, in the province of fCowarefm. Lon. 60. 25. E. lat. 31. 36. N. Cathay, a country of Afia, forming the N. part of China. CATHKRLOveH, a town of Ireland, in the county of Catherlough, and province of Leinfter j feated on the river Barrow, 16 miles N. E. of Kilkenny. Lon. 7. i. W, lat. 52.45, N. * Ca th BR LOO GH, a county of Ireland, nbout 2? miles in length, and 8 in breadth ; bounded on the E by Wicklow and Wex- ford, on the W. by Queen's - county* on the N. by Kildare, and on the S. andS. W. by Wexford. It contains 5006 houfes, 4% parifhes, five baronies, or boroughs, and fends fix members to parlia- ment, viz two for the county, two for Cathi^rlough, and tyvo for Old LeighUn . Cathrimmburc, a town of Siberia, E. lat. 40. C A U - Jn Afia, belonging to the Rufflam, It U regularly built, after the Gorman manner, on the liver Illet, and hat a fortrefs and a garrifon. Catouch CAf t, the N.E. promontory of the province of Jucatan, in S. America, ^on. 89. 10. W. lat. ai. 30. N. • Cati Strut, a village in Suflex, 10 miles S. of Tunbridgc Wells, with two fain, viz. on April 14, and June 27, for ca tic, and pedlars ware. Catshanitz, a foriref$ of Bulgaria, /defending a pafs over the mountains. Catkinelliboccn, a town of Ger- rnany, in the lower part of the Upper Cir- cle of the Rhine, with a .'\rong caftle, j|nd capital of a county of the fame name. Lon. 7 38. E. lat. 50. so. N. Cava, a confiderable and populous town iant country, 15 miles S. £. of Avignon. |.on. 4. 17. E. lat. 43. 51. N.' Cavan, a town of Ireland, and capital ef a county of the fame name in the pro- vince of Ulfter, 60 miles N. W. of Dublin. It fends two members to parliament. Lon. 7. 32. W. lat. 54. o. N. • Cav/.n, a county of Ireland, 47 miles in length, and 33 in breadth; is bounded on the E. by Monaghan, and on the S. by Longford, Weft-Meath, and Eaft-Meath. It has but two towns of any note, which are Cavan and Kilmore. It fends fix members to parliament ; two for the county, two for Cavan, and two for Belrurbet. It con- tains 8318 houfes, 37 parilhes, 7 baronies, and two boroughs. CAvcAsus,a great chain of mountains in Afia, which extend from the Black to the Cafpian Sea, between Say and Derbent. iTbey are thehigheft mountains in Afia, and their tops always covered with fnow. The lower parts abound in honey, corn, «ine, fruits, gum, hogs, and horned cattle. The vines wind themfelvcs aboyt high trees. Thefe mountains are inUabiied by different forts of people, who are of a good com- plexion, handfome, and aloioft all Chrif- CAY CAtrBKBfc, a rich, populoui, and trailing town in Normandy, and capital of tlieNerniury of Caux. It it feated at th« foot of a mountain near the river Seine, 17 miles N. W of Rouen. Lon. o. 46. E. lat. 40. 30. N. * Caudicosti, a town of France in Armagnac, three miles from the river Ca* ronne. *Caudiiz, a town of France in Lan- guedoc, featfd at the foot of the Pyrenees, on the brook Egli. *Cav]na, a town in the ifland of Ma- nilla, the principal of the Philippines, with a Arong ca(\le, and a harbour, near which they have a dock to bring in (hips. It it 10 miles froni Manilla. • Cavnard, a town of France In Oaf- cony, and in the bilhoprick of Aire, fcatad on the river Adour. *CavNi a town of France in Upper Languedoc, in t^e diocefe of Caflres, near the mountains, where the river Agout haa its fource. Caux, a territory of France in Norman« dy, and in the diocefe of Rouen. It com- prehends 600 parifhes, 30 town*, and 19 cities, though it is but 40 miles lonSi and as much broad. It abounds in corn, pulfe, flax, hemp, and fruits. Caudebee is the capital town. Cawood, a town in the E. riding of Vorkfhire, with a market on Wednefdays, and a fair on May i a, f6r cattle and wooden ware; ix mil^a S. of York, and 178 N. W. of London. Lon, o. 5X W. lat, 53, 45. N. Caxamalca, a town of S. Amierica, ill Peru, and capital of a territory of the fame name. Here Pizarro, the Spanifh general, took Atahualapa, the inca of Peru, an4 murdered him in cold blood in 1533. It it 90 miles from the South Sea, and 300 N. N. £, ofLim^. Lpn. 75. 33. W, lat. 7. 45. S. CAX>M,or CAyeM,a town of Afia, in Arabia-Felix, with a well- frequented har« hour. Caxtok, a town in Cambridgefhire, with a market on Tuefdays, and twd fairs, one on May 5, and the other on October I a, for pedlars ware. It is but fmall, tho* a poft-cown, and a good thoroughfare { 10 miles W. by S. of Cambridge, and 50 N. of London. Lon. o. 13. W. lat. 54, 10. M. Cava, a river of Portugal, which rifes near Portalegre, and running S. E. after- wards divides Spain from Portugal.and falls into the river Guadiana, at Badajoz, in Spanifli Eftremadura* i CATKNMtf C E F .CAv^NNXt a rich town and ifUndof S. Amt rica, and capital of th« French fciii«i mei.ti tliere, bounded on the N. by the Du;ch coloniei of Surinam. It lies at the mcpth of the river of the Amaxona ; and the Fiench have given it the title of Equi- noAial France, from its fituation n«arly vndar the equinaflial line. It it about '45 miles in ciicumferrncc, and the anchoraf^e far«« in|.it in 1654, the Englifh Aaid here till 3.6fi4f when the French touk polfcflion oi ita^ain. The Dutch became mailers of it in 1676, but the French drove them away the year following. The greated heati com- monly btgjn towards the end of June, sod terminate at the end of November, and thii it the dry feafon ; biufrom December till til* end of June, it Always rains mare or lefs : however, on account of their •aOeily winds the air is very healthy. Su- gar and roucou are the principal commo- diijet.of this ifls, foK they h^vc negledted the cultivation of indigo: houuever, Hnce the year 17x2, they have btrgun to plant cotfee-fhrubs, and the coffee berries are thoug,ht to be full as- good as tbofe in Ara- Iva.. Lon. 53. 10. W- lat. 5. o, N. • Cayo, a village of Carmarthenfhire, {9 S, Wales, whi^h gives denomination to a hundred. It has two fairs, viz. on Au> g^a XI, and October. 6, for cattle, hoifes, ai^d pedlars ware. Caz.aubon, a town of France, in Ar« magnac, feated on the river Douze. . C.A z t a&s, a towjn of France in Gafcony, aind the oiocefe of Rioux, feated on the river Garonne. Cazii«:r, s handfome towA of Poland, lo the palatinate of Lublin, feated on a liill covered with trees, 10 miles from fiel- gi,tz. Lon. 3. 10. E. lat. 51. 5. N. CcBu, one of the moil foutherly of the P.hiiippine iflands in the E. Indian feas, between the idand of Layte on the W. and flegro on the E. CaDQ^cA, a town of Italy, w the king- dom of Naples, and in the Farther Prin. cipato, with a bishop's fee. It is now half vuined, and feated at the foot of the Ap- pennioe Mountains, ix miles N. W. of lifelfi. Lon. 15. 33. E. lat. 41. 5. N. CErALONiA, a coofiderable ifland of Greece to the S. of Albania, and to the N, £. of the Morea, It is fertile in oil, excel- lent Muicadine-wine, and grapes not un- ^Ke currants, which they make a great deal of money of. The climate is very hot, and there are bloflbms on the trees through- C E R out the wintar. It is fubjcA to the Vena.. lians, and the capital town is «f the fama name. Lon. 10. 45. E. lat 38. 30. N. * CirALu, a town of Sicily, in th« valley of Dcmona, with a cadle, a har- hour, and a bi/hop's feu. Lon. 14. 18. £, iat. 38. $. N. * CiLANo, a town cf Italy, in the kingdom of Na^iics, in Farther Abruzzo. It is feated a mile from tlie lake of the fame name. Lon. 13, 55. E. lat. 4s. o. N. Citaars, an ifland of Afn, in the Eafk Indian Sen, lying tin.^er the equator, and likewife called Mac^Hlsr, to the S, of tha Philippines, to the E. of (he ifland ot norneo, and to the W. of the Moluccas, prcperly fo called. The heat would be in> fupportable but for the N. winds, and the rains which conAantly fall Ave days be- fore and after the full moons, and during two months that the fun ii nearly vertical. The fruits ate ripe here at all times of the year, and there are a great number of mon* ktiys, fome of which walk only upon their hind feet. The natives profefs the Maho- metan religion, and aie the beft foldiers ii> all thefe parts. The Dutch have Arong^ foits and numet'out garrifons here, by. which they keep the natives in awe. Their fettlements are intended to defend the Spice« Iflands. The inhabitants almoft go naked, as in other places near it under the torrid zone. They are of an olive- colour, and (he women well-fhsped and tolerably hand- fome ; but both fexes of a low ftaturt. The cuftom of felling the women prev^:;!* here, and the Chinefe and Culch in thia ifland often buy them for bedfellows : they are very loving and faithful if well ufcd, but exceeding revengeful when they meet with bad treatment. Lon. from 1 1 6. o. to 1x4. o. E. lat. from 2. o. N. to 6. o. S. Ceil. See Zxll. Cenada, an ancient town of Italy, ia the marche of Trevifana, in the territory of Venice, with a bifl)op*8 fee. It is 20 miles N. of Trevigio, and 10 S. of Belluoo, Lon. iz. 40. £. lat. 46. o. N. * Ckms, a mountain which is a part of the Alps, and feparates the marqutfata of Sufa from Morianne^ Cbn u, a town of S. America, in Terra pirma, 8 miles S. of Canhagena. Lon« 76, 4. W. Iat. 9. c. N. Ckphalonia. See Cefaionia. CxPHisus, a river of Turky in Europe, and in Livadia, which falls into the laica Copi, which it fupplies with water. CXR am, a confiderable ifleot' Afia intha E, Indies^ and one of the Moluccas, to the X W. W.o iflan< 140 It is and nativ lOant here. 3* ^ c nn W. of N«w Cuiney, and to the M. of the iflindi of Amboyna and B«nd«, heini; ahogt 140 miUt in length, and 40 In breadth. It ii a mountainous and woody country, and the Dutch hav« a fortreft (n keep the nativei in fuhjedtiont and to defend tlie Spice- Iflandi, having (ilucked up the clove-trees tiere. Lon. from ia6.o. to 119. o. £. lat. 3. 0. S. * CiRDAONA, a fmatldlArlA, partly of Spain, in Catalonia, and partly of France, in R'luflillon in the Pyrenean mountaini. Puycerda ii the capital in Spain, and Mont Lewii in France. * CiRBNEA, ■ town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Hither Cala- bria, with a bilhop'a fee. It is fcated on a roLic 10 mjei N. W. of St. Severina. Lon. 17. 15. E. lat. 39. t]. N. * Cta IT, a town of France, in RoufllU lon, with a ma^tniflcent bridge of a fingle aich. It is near the river Tec, la miles from Perpignan. Lon. 2. 46. £. lat. 4a. »3. N. Ciaioo, in ifland of the Archipelago, to the S. of the Morea, and to th« N. of Candia, formerly known by the name of C>therea. It is Mil of mountains, with a dry f^il, and has nothing very agreeable: however, provifions are cheap, and there are great a number of hares, quails, and turtle doves. This ifland, which is faf/t to be the na'ive country of Venus and flelen, is about 45 miles in circumference, and has a fmall town of the fame name. CciiNKS, a town of the ifland of Cy- prus, with a good caftle, harbour, and a Greek bifliop's fee. Lon. 33. 35. E. lat. 35. aa. N. * CiRNE, a village in Dorfetfliire, five miles N. of Dorchefler, with three fairs on Midlent> Monday, Holy ■ Tiiurfday, and O^ober a, for horfes, bullocks, and hogs. * Ckrkigv.Druidoin, a village cf Denbit^hlhire, in N. Wales, with four fairs, viz. on April 17, Auguft a7, OAober ao. and December 7, all for cattle. It is eight miles S. W. of Ruthin, and eight S. W. of Denbigh. Ce a Tos A , a celebrated Canhuflan mona- ftery, in the ceriitory of the Pavefe, in the dnchy of Milan, 4 miles from Pavia ; its paik is furrounded with a wall ao miles in C E y (tie Gulph of Vtnice, 10 mile* S. of Ra- venna ) fubjtA to the pope. Loo. 13. 5. £. lat. 44. 16, N, Cessna, a town of Italy, in Romsgna» with a bi(hop'i fee, I'ubjeA to the pope, and feaied on the river Savio, 1 5 miles E. of Ravenna. Lon. ti. 46. E. lat. 44. S. N. Cktti, a fea- port town ot Frartce, ID Langueduc, featcd at the place where th« cmal of Languedoc begins, between Mont* pcllicrand Agde, on the bay of Maguelona in the Mediterraoaan fea. Lcn 3. 15. £. lat 43. 15. N. Ceva, a ftrong town of Italy, in Pied- mont, feated on the river Tanaro, w ith a ftrong fort, eight miles S. E. of Mondovi. Lon. 8. 8. £■ lat. 44. 10. N. CivtfoiKs, mountains of Fran-'e, in Languedoc, remarkable for the frequent meetings of the Proteflants, as a place of fecurity againfl the tyranny of their gover- nors. In (^Anne's reign there was an at- tempt made to aflift them by an Englifh fleet in the Mediterranean, but to no pur- pnfe, for the French had occupied the paf- fages. CcuTA, a fea port town of Africa, oa the coafl of Barbary and kingdom of Fci, with a good harbour, and a bifhop's fee. fohn, king of Portugal, took it from the Moors, in 141 5, but now it belongs to Spain. It fuflained a vigorous fiege in 1697 aiainft the Moors, and is featcd on the StieiRtu: of G ibraltar, over againft that place- Lon* 6. xs. W. lat. 36. 35. N. Cev LON, a large ifland in the Eafl Indie*, about 150 miles in len^^th, and 195 in breadth. In general the air is very good, and tho' t*>e country is full of mountains, there are fertile valleys : in fome places the mountains are very high and barren, being nothing but dreadful rocks without water. It is particularly remarkable for its plenty of cinnamon, wiiich is all in the pofTetnon of the Dutch, who drove away the Portu- guefe. In fome places there are rich mines, frtm whence are got rubies, fapphires, to- pazes, ano cats-eyes, befides other Aones of lefs alue. In the kingdom of Candy is plt•n^y of cardamoms, very large. The pep- per here is fo good, that is fells dearer than that ot other places. Here is plenty of wood for all forts of ufes, and fome proper circumference; but there are feveral fmall | for c!ying red. It aboaA of all by C H A admiral Vernon in 1740. It it 350 mire* W. of Carthafiena, and a little to the S. W. of PortO'Bello. Lon. 8a. 7. W. Iat. 9. 50. N. * CHAis..DiBu, a town of France, in Auvergne, with a celebrated BenediAine- abbey, 11 miles E. of Brioude. Lon. j. 4 . E. Iat. 45. 15. N. Chai.d»a, otherwife called Babylonia, has now the name of Iric Arabi, and lies between the river Euphrates and Tigris, a little to thcN. of 6u(Tnrah, and the Perfian Culph, and to the S. of Bagdad. * Challock, a village in Kent, 10 miles N. W. of Canterbury, with one fair on OAober i, for horfcs, cattle, and ped« lars ware. * CHAiioi«t,atownofFrance, in Ai»- }ou, feated on the S. bank of the river Loir, near the place where the Layon falls into that river. It is oppofitc to • fmall iftand of the fame name. Cnailon-surSaomk, an ancient town of France, in Burgundy, and capital of the Cbalk>nnois, with a citadel and a bifhop'a fee. It is feated on the river Saone, 35 miles S. of Dijon, and 61 N. of Lyona. Lon. 5. 7. £. Iat. 46. 47. K. CNAioNs>auR>MABNB,alargeepifcopal town of Fi ance, in Champagne. The walk called Jard, it one of the fineft in the kingdom. It carries on a confiderable trade in fhalloon9> and other woollen fluffs > is feated between two fine meadows on the rivers vfarne, Mau, and Nau, 40 miles S, W. of Verdun, and 9; £. of Paris. Lon. 4. J7. E. Iat. 48. 57. N. Ch A L u 9, a town and caftle of France, in Limofin, remarkable for its horfe - fair, which is held on Sr. George's day. Lon. I. 25. E. Iat. 45. 1$. N. Ch A MB, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of Bavaria, capital of a county of the fame name, and feated on the rivet Chamb, 37 miles N. W. of Ration. Lon. 13. 5* E. iat. 49. 14, * Chamb, a county of Bavaria, between Bohemia and the duchy and palatinate of Bavaria. It is but 1 5 miles long, and 4 broad j Chamb is the only confiderable place, though it formerly had its own counts. CHAMBiRRY.a confiderable and popu« lous town of Italy, in Savoy, withaca01e. It is capital of the duchy, arid well-built, but has no fortifications. It is watered with feveral flreams, which have their fources in St. Martin's-Hill, and run thro' feveral of the ftreets. There arc piazras under mofl part of the houfes, whete peo>- ple may walk dry in the worft weather. Xt C H A 't bath tftrgt and handfome fuburbs { and ifi the center of the town is the royal palace. The parliament meet here, wliich is com • pofecLof four preiidenti, and a pretty large number of fenators, being the fupreme tribunal of the whole duchy. The prin- cipal church U St. Legar, and the Jefuits college is the mod magnificent of all the monafteries. This town was taken by the Spaniards in 1742. and {n 1743 the palace was on fire, when Don Fhiiip had much ado to efcape from the flames. It is 17 miles N. E of Grenoble, 40. S of Geneva, and 85 N. W. of Turin. Lon. 5. 50. £. lac. 45. 35.N. Chamboro, a royal palace of Orleanois in France, built of free-ftone in the ancient Co. hie taftc. It was the refidence of king Staniflaus for nine years, as alfo marihai Saxe, who died in the year i7$o. * Chamond, a town of France, in Lyonnois, with a ftrong caftle. It is feated on the river Gies, 15 miles from Lyons. Lon. 4. 13. £. lat. 45. 8. N. Champagm, a confidcrable province of France, abour i6z miles in length, and 1 12 in breadth, bounded on tlie N. by Hain- halt and Luxemburg, o» the E, by Lorrain and the Fran.:he-Comte, on the S. by Bur- gundy, and on the W. by the lile of France and SoiiTonnois. It has a great number of rivers, the principal of whicii aie the Meuftf, the Seine, the Marne, the Aube, and Ve Aine. Its principal trade confifts in excellent wine, all forts of corn, linen cloth, woollen Huffs, cattle, and flieep. It is alfo divided into the Higher and Lotwer, and Troys is the capital town. Its fub- divifions are Champagne Proper, and Rhe- mois, the Retelois, the Pcrtois, the Val- lage, Bafligni, the Senonois, and the Brie Champenoife. The inhabitants are mild, laborious* and valiant j but they are reckoned to have no great depth of under Aanding. * Champacne Propib, is one of the eight parts of Champagne, which compre- hends the toMvns of Troys, Chalons, St. Menehold, Eperney, and Vertus, • Champigm, a towrt of France in Touraine, where there was a very hand- fome caftle, of which there remains nothing now but a court and a magnificent chapel. Champlain Laki, a lake of N. Ame- rica in New- York, and on the N. fide of that province, Lon. 75. lo. W, lat. 45. • Champtosiavx, a town of France in Anjou, and in the eledlion of Angiers, with a caftle and the title of a barony. C H A * Chancha, a rich and confiderabi* town of ."Africa, in Egypt, $ miles from Cairo, at the entrance or the defart whicH leads to Mount Sinai. * Cha>io..no«, a town of Afia, in the E. todies, and capital of a teni'ory of th* fame name, in the peninfula of Malabar. It belongs to a magnificent and very ricli pagoda, or pagan temple. Channery, a borougl) and parliament town of Rof&fliire, in Scotland, lying near the Frith of Murray, dircAly oppofite to Ardsfeir point, from whic!. it is divided by a narrow ftreight. It was formerly a bJfhop*s fee. * Ch ANs r, one of the fmait«i't |:rovincea of China, lying near the gieat wall which feparates it from Tartary. It is a moun- tainous country, but healthy, pleafant, and abounding in coal- mines, corn, and very good grapes They have likewife ahun- dance of mudt, porphyry, marble, jafper, and lapis lazuli, befides feveral iron mines. Chan TILLY, a town and handfome caAle of France, (eated on the river Nonette, 3 miles below Senlis, and 17 Irom Paris. Before the caftle is a fine equtflrian Hatue, in breozc, of the laft duke and cotiftable Montmorency. * Chantono, a fiuitful province of China. The great Canal luns through part of this province, which is well watered with lakes, rivers, aod brooks, which render it very fertile; it abounds in all forts of corn, and putfe ; befides poultry, pheafants, patridges, quails, and hares ; as alfo feveral forts of fiuits, efpecially chefnutSj peaches, plums, and walnuts. *CHAouacK, a town of France, in Champagne. It is feated at the fource of the river Amande. Lon. 4. 5. E. lat. 48. 6 N. C'hapkl-in-Frith, a town in Derby- fhirc, with a market on Saturdays, and nine fairs, on Thurfd^/ before February ij, March 29, Thuifd.:y before Eafler, Apnl JO, and Holy-Thurfday, for cattle j on July 7, for wool $ on D urfday before Au> gul^ 34, for cheefe and ibeep ; on Thurf« day after September 29, and Thurfday be- fore November i j, for cattle. It is feated on the utmoft confines of the Peak, near ', Chefhire j but the market is now come to riothing. It is 17 miles S. E. of Manchefler, and 137 N. N. W. of London. Lon. 1.48. W. lat. 5^3. ««. N. Char A BON, a fea-port town of Afia, on the N. coafl of the ifland of J»va, in the Indian Ocean ; 130 miles E. of Batavia. Lon, to8. 0. £. lac. 6. 0, S. S » ^ - Chabcas, . C H A • Charcas, a provinc* of S. America, in Peru, lying on the S. Sesi> It lias the fincA filver mines in the world ; and La Plata i» the capital town. SeePoTOSi. *CHAaD, a town in Soroerfetfliire, with a market on Mondays, and three fail $, on May 3, AuKuft 5, and November a, for cattle of all forifi, and pedlars ware. It is a pofl-town, feated on the fide of a hill, on tiic borCeis of the county, fix milas W. of Cr.'Okhorn, and 140 W.,by S. of Lon- don. Lon. 3. 10. W. lat. $0. 50. N. • Char SITE, a town of Fiance, in the Nivernois, feated on the river Loire, la (niles N. of Never!), and 37 E. of Bourges. Lon, 3, 5. E, lat. 47. S. N. Charentx, a river of France, which rifes in Limofin, runo wefVward by Angou- lofme and Saintes, and falls into (he Bay of Bifcay, over againH the ide of Oleron. CHAaiNToN, a fmall town in the ide of France, 4 miles S. of Paris ; famous for a church where the Piotenant niiniAers ufed to preach j feated on the river S«ine. Lon. a. 19. E. lat, 4S. 45. "N. * Char INC, a village in ICent, 11 miles T^. S. E. of Maidl\one, with two fairs, on May I, and Oflober 29, for horfcs, cattle, imd pedlars ware. *Chaklbury, a town in Oxrordlhire, with a marUet, and four fairs, on January I, fecond Friday in Lenr, fecend Friday after May la, and OAober 10, for cattle of all kinds. It is 6 miles N. W. of Wood- flock, and 14. N. N. W. of Oxford. Lon. 4. 35. W. lat. 51. S4- N. Charlxmont, a ftrong town of Ire land, in the county of Armagh, and pro- vince of Ulfter ; feated on the river Black- water, 6 miles S. of Dungannon. It fends two members to parliament. Lun. 6. 49. yf. lat. 54. 16. N. Charlbmont, a handfbme town of the Netherlands, in the county of Namur, ceded to the French by (he treaty of Nimeijuen. It is well fortified^ and feated on the river Metiftf, a 5 miles S. W. of Namur, and 20 N, E. o{ Rocroi. Lon 4. 58. E. lat. 50. 5.N. ('harl«rpy> a very flrong town of the Auftrian Netherlands, in the county of Namur, built by the Spaniards in 1666. It has been fcveral times taken and letaken in the late wars, and lafliy by the French in 1746, but was rendeted back by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle- It is feated on the river San>i>re, lo miles W. of Namur, and 19 C. ot Mons. Lon. 4. 48. £. lat. 5c ;,c. N. Charles Capi, a promontory of N. Amert(;a« in Virginiaj^ at the N. fide of C H A' tht entrance of Chsfopeak Bay, Lat, 37. la. N. Char LIS Capi, a promontory of N. America, on the S. W. part of the Arcighl entering into HudfonV Bay. Lat. 6a. 40 N. C)iAR LRs-TowN, the capital of S. Caro* iina, in N. America. It has a commodious and fecure harbour, and the town is as well built as mofi in America, being a |jJace of good trade, whete a g'eat number of (hips are loaded annually with rice,rKins, pitch and tai. A great part of this (own was burnt down on February ij, i74o-i( by which a vaft deal of valuable merchandize was entirely deflroyed. Tliey havealfofie- qucntly fuft'trcd by inundations, and un- healthy feafons. But, as it is capable of many improvements, which might be of great advantage to Great Britain, it is now, by the cultivation and induflry of the in- habitants, rendered the mofl flouiifl)ing, rich, and pleafant place of any of the Britifli plantations. It is feated on a penin- fula, lormed by the rivers Afhley and Cooper, the former of which is navigable for O^ips of burden so miles above the town ; and the banks of the rivers are adorned with beautiful plantations, and fine walk5, interfperfed with rows of trees, which makes this town very agreeable, delightful, and pleafant. Lon, 79- la. VV, lat. 32. 30. N. Charles- Fort, a fortrefs of Ireland, in the county of Cork, and province oi M un- der, feated at (he entrance of Kinfale har- bour. Lon. 8. 18. W.lat, 51. ai. N. Charlbton, an ifland, at the bottom uf Hudfon's-Bay, in N. America, fubjcA to Gieat Britain. Lon, 80. 14, W. lat. 5a. 50, N. CHARLiviLtz, a town of Ireland, in the county ot Cork, and province of Mun< der, 30 miles N. of Cork. It fends two members to parliament. Lon. 8. 41. W. lat. 52. 13 N. CHARi^EviLLE.a Very handfome tcwn, of France, in Champagne. The llreets aic as fliaitdS a line, and the houfes all of an equal height, and covered with (late. Here is a magnificent fquare, and in the centre a handfome fountain. It is feated on the •li river Meufe, near Mezieres, from which it is only feparated by a bridge and a caufe> way; 15 miles N. W. of Sedan, and 115 N. £. of Paris. Lon. 4. 37. £. lat. 49. 50. N. *Charl£Y, a town of Lancafhire, with a market on Tueidays, and three fairs, on May 5, and Auguft ao. for horned caitlc, and on September 5, for toya and fmall wares. It is feated near the fpring head of C H A «r a rivulet called Chor, not far from the river Yarrow j 6 miles S. E. of Prefton, and 197 N. W. of London. Lon. 2. 35. Vf. lar. 53. 40. N. * Cnarlibu, a towrt of France in the diocefe of Macon, on the frontiers of Beau* jolois, and Burgundy, near the river Loire, with a rich abbey. Lon. 4. 5. E. lat. 46 15. N. * Chaxmks, a town of France, in Lorrain, feated on the river Mofelle, with a very handfome bridge. It is 8 miles E. of Mirecourt, and 1 5 S. of Nancu Lon. 6. 1$. E. lat. 48. 18. N. Chahollois, a town cf France, in Burgundy, and capital of the Charollois j feated on th« river Reconce, ay miles N. E. of Macon. Lon. 4. 8. E. lat. 46. 35. N. * Charollois, a territory of France, in Burgundy, with the title of a county. It is about 30 miles in length, and 17 in breadth, and belongs to the houft ofConde. * Chakost, a town of France, in Sc- ry, with the title of a duchy { feated on the river Arnon, 8 miles N, £• of IflTou- dijo. Lon. a. 15. E. lat 46. 56. N. ^ ' V ': oux, a town of France, in Bar- h.-A-' . ated at the entrance of the river SioL.:... Lon. 3. 15. E. lat. 4^. 10. N. * CHAaoux, a town of France in Poi- tou, near the river Chsrante, with a cele> braced abbey of BenediAine monks. Cn A a T R IS, an ancient and confiderable fown of France, capital of the territory of Chartrain and Beauce, with the title of a duchy, and a biflaop's fee. The cathe- dral is one of the fineft in France, and its Aeeple very much admired. The prin- cipal trade confifts in corn. It is feated on the river Eure, in a fertile and agreeable country, 45 miles S W. of Paris. Lon. 1.19. E. lat. 48. 57. N. CHARTREusc,or, The Grand Char- T a E u • K, one of the moft celebrated mona« Aeries in France, and lies in the province of Dauphiny, 8 miles N. of Grenoble. It is feated on the top of a high mountain, which ftands in a plain, three miles in length, having only one entrance, which is (hut up by a gate. It is the chief of the monafteries of the order of Chartreux, and it is fo large, that there are lodgings for all the deputies of the order throughout France, who meet here once a- year. The monks are employed in all foits of mecha nic arts, ar>d fpin and weave their own cloaths. Lon. 5. 48. E. lat. 45. ao. N. Chary BDis, a whirlpool 30 paces diame- ter, in the ftreight of Meflioa. between |Ul)r and Sicily. )t was formeily thought CH A dangerous In navigation, but now Uitl* minded by failors. * Chastbav, a town of France, in Anjou, and in the diocefe of Angicrs. Lop. o{ 23. E. lat. 47. 40. N. *CHATRA»-BRiANT,atownofFrance^ , in Brittany, and on the confines of Anjnn« with an old caAle. Lon. i. ao. W. lat. 47* <|o. N. * Chateau Chinox, a town of France, in Nivernois, and capital of Morvant, with a confiderable manufacture of clotb^ Lon. 3. 48. E. lat. 47. t. N. Chateau-Dauphin, a very flronj 'caftle of Italy, in Piedmont, and in the marquifate of Saluces, belonging to the K. . of Sardinia. It was taken by the com- bined army of France and Spain in S744« and was rendered back by the treaty of . Aix-la-Chapelle. CHATEAV-DV-LoiR,atown of France, in the Maine, famous for fuHaining a tiege of feven years againft the count of Mans. It is feated on the river Loir, 22 miles S. £. of Mans, and 97 W. of Paris. Lon. o. 25. £ lat. 47. 40. N. CiiATEAo Dun, an ancient town of, France, and capital cf the Dunois, with a caflle, and a rich monaAery j feated on aa eminence, near the river Loir, 30 miles N. of Blois, and 72 S. W. of Paris. Lon. 1. ' 26. E. lat. 48. 4. N. Ch ATBAu-GoNTiiR, atownofFranee, i(i Anjou,' feated on the river Mayonne, with a caftle. It is 2a miles N. W. of' Angiers, and 147 S. W. of Paris. Lon). o. 41. E. lat. 47^ 47. N. * CHATEAu-LANDoN,a town of France, in Gattenois, with an Auguftine abbey, " feated on a hill, five miles S. of Nemours, and 50 S. by E, of Paris. Lon. 2. 48. E. lat. 47. 47. S. • CHATtAU•MRlLtA^TT, R town of France, in Berry, and in the eleClion of Iflbudon. There is here an ancient caftle, with a tower, faid to be built by Julius Caefar. • CHATEAuNivr,the naipe of feveral '. towns of France, viz. one in PercKe, an- other in Angoumoit, on ther iver Charente, TO miles from Angouiefme, and 5 from^ Jannac } a third in Berry, 17 miles from Surges, feated on the river Cher, and feveral , other fmali places. • Chatc ao-Portien, a town of France, in Cliampagne, and in a diftriCt ' called Portien, with a caftle built on a ' rock, near the river Aine. Lon. 4. 23. S. ; lat. 49- 35. N. • CuATSAV-RlNAtTO, • town of ' France^ { C H A C H A FriiHae> k) tlw Gattcfiois, 8 ntHes N. W. Ifond, fweral additioiMl foriifictriont wci* of Montat gee. Here the cloths are made for the army ) ind it bai a trade in faiSron. l.on. ». « J. E. lat. 48. o. N. * ChatkavRknavd, a town of France, in Touraioe, with the title of a nfarquifate. It i> 10 miles N. W. of Am- boife, and 88 S. W. of l>«ria, Loa. ». 41. E. lat. 4 J, za. N. *CHATXAa-Ro-ux, a town of France, in Berry, wirh a callle, and the title of a duchy. le has a manufaAure in cloth, and f(Aillok, a maritime town of France, in Saintorige, five miles fiom Rochelle ; formerly very confiderable, but is now greatly decayed* • CHATCL-CHALON.a town of France, in Franche-Comt^, acmarkable for its abbey of Bcnedidinc nuns } ao miles S. of Dole. Lon. 5. 15. E. lat. 46. 50. N. • CMATEt-LX-CHATZL, a tOWO Wf France, in Bou'bonnois, feated on the river Boule. Lon. 3. o. E. lat. 46. lo. N. Chatklkt, a town oC ch« Netherlands, in Namur, feated on the Sambre, in the biAioprick of Liege, four miles E. of Charle- roy. Lon. 4. a8. £. lat. 50. 15. N. Chatcllckavlt, a town of France, in Poitou, with the title of a * duchy j feated in a fertile and pleafant couiitry, ep the river Vienne, over which there is a handfomc ftone bridge. It is t* miles N. E. of Poitiers, and 168 S. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 40. £. lat. 46. 34. N. Chatham, a town of Kent, adjoining to Rochefler, and feated on the river Med- way. It is the principal Aation of the royal navy ; and the yards and magazines arie forni(hed with all forts of naval ftores, as well as materials for building and rig- ging the largeft men of war. The entrance into the river Medway is defended by Sheer- l)«fs and other forts ; and, in the year '757« ^f dircAionof the duke of Cumber- begun at Chatham ; fo that now the (hip* are in no danger of an infult, either by land or water. It has a market on Satur* days, and two fairs, on May 15, and Sep- tember 19, for horfes, bullocks, and all forts of commodities. It has a charch, a chapel of eafe, and a (hip ufed as a church, for thefailors{ it has likewife about $00 houfes, moOly low, and built with brick ; the Ar^ts are nariow and paved, and it contains ab.ut 3000 inhabitants. Tha principal employment of the labouring hands is fhip-building in the king's yard, and private docks [It being near Rocbefter, Xee that place for the 4iftanc«s.] Chat SCAN, a town of Afia, in tha kingdom of Bengal, on the moft eaflerly branch of the river Ganges. It is but a poor place, though it was the firft the Portoguefe fettled at in thefe parts, and who Aill keep a fort of poffeflion. It baa but a few cotton manufactures j but affords the beft timber for buildm;; of any place about it. The inhabitants aie fo afraid oi each other, tjiat they always go armed wi:h a fword, pifiol, and biunderbafs* not excepting the priefts. It is fubjeA to the Great Mogu* Lon. 91. 10. £ iat. 13. o. N. * d^ATitioN-swR-lNnai, a town of France, in Touraine, 10 miies S. of Loches, and 3. S. of Amboife. Lon. i. 23. E.lat* 47. ao. N. CHATILtON-lKfi-DoMBES, a tOWn of France, in tlie territory of Rrefle, and pro* vince of Burgundy, 16 miles S. W. of Ger iteva. Lon. 5. 36. £. lat. 46. 16. N. • Chatilloti-svk-Loin, a town of France, in Gattinois, feated in a very agree* able valley, 10 miles from Montarget. Lon. 2. 55. E.lat. 47. 50. N. * ChaTII-LON-SUR-M ARNB, 3 tOWn Of France, in Champagne, 8 miles W. of Epernay, and 17 S. of Rheims. Lon. 3* 55. E.lat 49. 8. N. Chats f-LON-sun-SEiNE, a town of France, in Burgundy, divided into two by the river Seine. It is 31 miles from Lan- gres, and 40 from Dijon, and has iron* works in iis neighbouibood. Lon. 4. 33* £,lat. 47.45. N. • Chatrk, a town of France, in Berry, feated on the river Indres, 37 miles from Bourges. It carries en a confiderable trada in cattle. Lon. i. 55. E. lat. 46. 35. N. Chavez, a ftron^ tcwn of Portugal, and in Tra-lcs- Monies ; ftated at the foot of a mountain on the liver Tamega, has two fuburhs, and as many forts j ope oC which looks like a citatlcl. Between tha I town CHE t»wh ane name, with a bifhop's fee j 60 miles 'N. W. of Beltz, and 90 E. S. E. of Warfaw. Lot). 13. 29. E. lat. 51. 10. N. * Cheim, the palatinate of, in Red RufTia, in Poland, bounded on the S. by the palatinate of Beltz, on the W. by that of Lublin, on the N. by Polefia, and on the E. by Upper Volhinia. It is about 7 j miles in length, and 30 in breadth ; ana divided into two chattellanies, whofe feats are at Chelm, and Crafnoflaw, the two principal towns in this country. CRBLMsroRD, a town of EflHr, with a good market on Fridays, an(f two fairs, viz. on May la, and November la, two days each, for cattle } feated on the road to Colchefter between two rivers, over which there are bridges. It is a handfonTe, large, and well- frequented town, and takes its name from the river Chelmer ; is go- verned by a chief conftable, has only one church, a very ancient and large Gothic Aru^ture, and three meeting- houfes of ttie difllenters. The town conftfts of about 500 houfes, which are, in general, pretty good ; bur the ftreets are paved only at the doors } however, the town lying on a fmall defoent is always clean. There is here an excel- lent conduit, which contaimfeveral infcrip- tions. CHE iFoflff, t1ino|l worn euc by time } and it |m» fuch a lupply of water, that it runs a hogfhcad and an half» and four gallons in m minute. Here the members for the coun- ty are chofen, and the aflTzes commonly held, as well as the four 4uarter1y feflions. It is 43 miles S. of St. EdmundVBury, and »8 E. N. E. of London. Lon. o> ao. X. lat. 51. 40. N. Cnslsia, a very handfome village in lliddlefex, feaied on the river Thames, one mile weft of Wedminfter. It is remaik- able for its magnificent hofpital for inva- lids» and for Ranelagh houfe and gardens, where there is a band of mufic for the en - teitainment of the beau-monde in thefum- mcr feafon. Here is alfo an excellent phy- lle garden. CHStTiNNAM, a town of Gloucefler- flltre, with a m'^k^t on Thurfdays, and three fairs, viz. on the fecond Thnrfday in April, and Holy ThurfcUy. for all forts of cattle } and on Auguft 5, for lambs. It is • pretty good town, containing about «oo boufes, and hath a handfeme church j but is moft noted for its mineral waters, which are fomewhat like thofe of Scarborough, for which it was lately much frequented. It is 9 miles N. £. of Gloucefter, an^ 95 W. by N. of London. Lon. a. 8. W. lat. 51. 50. N. * Chknsi, a province of Afia, in the N. W. part of China. It contains 8 cities of the firft rank, and 106 of the fecond and third, befldes many forts on the great wall. The air i» temperate, and the inhabitants more civil and affable to Arangers than others in the northern parts. The foil is very fertile, and abounds in wheat and millet, tho* but very little rice. They have alfo rhubarb, honey, wax, muik, cinnabar, and abundance of coal-mines ; they have a great number of deer, bears, wild bulls, and an animal refembling a tyger, whofe Ikin is very curious. There are alfo mulk- goats, and bats as large as hens, befides ' two or three other forts of animals quite unknown in Europe. Chef I LID, an ifland of America, in the bay of Panama, and province of Da- lien, % miles from the. town of Panama, and fuppUes it with provifions and fruits. Lon. 81. so. E. lat. 9. o. N. Chepstow, a town of Monmouthfhire, with a market on Saturdays, and four fairs, vis . on Friday in Whitfun-week, for horned cattle; on Saturday before June «c, for wool; on Auguft i, and Friday fe'ntjight after 0£tober 1 g, for horned cattle. It is feated on the fide of a hill on the river Wye, near its confluence with the Severn. CHE It was formerly a very conliderabte pfaee and had a large caftle on a rock, and a priory, part of which laft is convened into a parifh church. It has a handfome high bridge over the river, and fends provifiona and other commodities to Briftol. Thia town is walled round, andconfiftsof about aoo houfes, and the ftreets are broad and well- paved. The tide is faid to rife higher here than in any other part of Europe, it fwelling 50 or 60 feet perpendicular. It is 18 miles N. of Briftol, and 131 W. of London. Lon- a. 36. W. lat. 51. 40 N. Chkr, a river of France in Orleanois ) having its rife in Upper AuVergne at Auz« ance. It waters St. Amand in Bourbonnois, Chatteau-neuf, Vierzon, and Cells in Berry j it pafles pear Tours, and falls into the Loire, 5 miles above the mouth of the In- der. There is alfo another river of the fame name in Lower Alface, which falls into the Audlau. Cm BR A (CO, a flrong and confiderable town of Italy, in Piedmont, and capital of a territory of the fame name, with a ftrong citadel belonging to the king of Sar« dinia, where he retired in 1706, during the liege of Turin. It is feated at the con- fluence of the rivers Sturia and Tanaro, upon a mountain, ty miles N. E. of Coni, and as S. E. of Turin. Lon. 7, 55. E, lat. 44. 35. N. CHSRBURC,a fea-port town of France, in Normandy, with a harbour and Auguf* tine abbey. It is remarkable for ttie (ea- fight between the Englifti and French fleets in 169s, when the latter were beat, and upwai^ds of twenty of their men of war burnt near Cape la Hogue. The Englifh landed here in Aug. 1758, and took the town, with the (hips in the bafon, de« molilhed the fortifications, and ruined the other works which they had been long about, in enlarging the harbour, and ren- dering it more fafe and convenient for (hipping. It is 37 miles N. of Contances, and 50 N. W. of Caen. Lon. i. 38. E. lat. 49. 38. N. Cherrsoul, or CHAHRzuL,atownof Turky in Afia, capital of Curdiftan, and the feat of a beglerbeg. It is 1 50 miles N. of Bagdad. Lon. 45. 15. E. lat, 36. o. N. Cher RV-lsL AND lies in the northern ocean, between Norway and Greenland, Lon. ao. 5. E. lat. 75. o. N. Ch aa so,an ifland in the Gulph of Venice, with a town of the fame name near Croatia, belonging to the Venetians. The air is good, but the foil ftoney ; however, it a- bounds in wine, cattle, oil, and excellent honey. Lon. 15. 5. £. lat. 45. 8. N. Cher- ■^ CHE • CHtitONitt ii a name anciently given to fevural towns and peninfulas, and is Hill made ufe of by Tome geogiaphert, when the moil celebrated are mentioned. Chertsiy, a town of Surry, with a fnarket on Wednefdays, and four fairs, viz. on the fiT(\ Monday in Lent, for horfci, cattle, <>nd hops ; on May 14, for horfes. And cattle \ on Augull 4, and Oiftober 6, for horfes, cattle, and hogs. It is in <« low, wet Htiiition, not far from the ver Thames, over which there is a bridj^e. It is feven miles W. of Kirjcrtoo, and 19 W. by S. of London. Lun. o. .*u- W. lat. 51. 25. N. Cherwki.1., a liver which rifes rn Nor- th amptonHiire, runs S. by Banbury, and through Oxfordshire to the city of Oxford, where it unites with the liis. * CHiae, an ancient town of Po'and, in Mafovia, 1 5 miles from Warfaw. Lon. SI. 43. W lat. 51. 58. N. 'Chzsefc ak-Bay, in North America,; runs up between Virginia and Maryland, ; 4>eing navigable for large fhips all the way. It is about 20 miles broad at the entrance, between Cape Henry and Cape Charles, 170 miles in length, antl 30 in breadth, latere *re a great number of large rivers fall into it, up which the fhips may go to the very Chin.i, very Uitie knowp to the £u''opeans. Chiafa, a province of N. America, in Mexico, with two town* of the f^me name, •neof which is the capital. It abounds in cochineal, cattle, fruits, honey, and fevctai forts of game, and brings in a good revenue to Spain from its trade. ; • Chi AP A EL Real, a town of North America, in Mexico, in a province of the fame name, with a birtiop's fee. Its prin- cipal trade confifts in chocolate-nuis, cot- ton, and fugar. Lon. 98. 35. W. lat. j6. %o. N' • Chiapas de los Indio;, a large and rich town of N. America, in Mexico, and in a province of the fams name. The governor and moft of the inhabitant^ arc originally Americans, Lon 9S. 5. W. lat. 15. 6. N. Chiarekza, afea porttownof Turky in Eu'ope, and in the Morea, pppoii'c to the ifland of Zant, in the Mediterranean Sea, and on the N W. coaft. Lon. zi. iy E. lat. 37. 35 N. Chi Air, a town of Italy, in the terri- tory of Brefcia, belonging to the Venetians. It is famous for a vidory obtained by the imperia.ifts over the French in 1701. Lon, ao. 17- E. lat- 45' 30. N. *Chiaro-Montk, St town of Italy in Sicily, and in the valley of Noto ; feated on a mountain, 17 mi'es W. of Syracufe. Lon. 14. 50. £. lat. 37. 5. N. pH I A VENN A, a h^ndfome, populous, and la.-ge town of SwifTerland, in the coun- try of the Grifons. It is a tracing-place, efpecially in wine and delicate fruits. The governor's palace, and the churches, are very magnificent, and thp inhabitants are Romxn Catholics. It is feated near th^ lake Como. Lon> 9. 39. E. lat. 46. 15. K. ■ CnrcHESTca, the capital of SuflTex, with two markets on V^ednefdays and iSa> turdays, and five faiiS, viz. Whit Monday, and Au?u(l and homed cattle; onO€lober 10', for hoin kd cattle J and on Oikober ao. foir Jiorfes a pla'r^ on the hanks of the river Levant. It is a bifhop's fee, and has a cathedral, with feven fmall churches built with flint flone. It fends two members to parliament, and ia governed by a mayor, a recorder, a deputjfti recorder, 14 aldermen, 6 bailiifb, 17 com- moaeri, and a portreeve. The buildinga are very regular, and the city being walled round, you may f)and in the market place, which is tbe ceptre, and fee the four gates, which are all that belong to (he city. It has fume trad.e, but would have more if the haiboiir was not choaked up. It is 31 miles S. W. of Guildford, and 63 S. W. of London. Lon. o. 49. W. lat, 50. 50. N. Ch icMESTER, Nevv, a fea-port town of N. America, in Penfylvania, fcalcdpn the river Delawar, below pliefier. Chicuito;, a province of S. America,| in the government of Santo- Cruz de la Sh erra. The chief riches confifts of honey and wax, and the original inhabitants are very voluptuous and warlike. They are alfo very fuperf!itious, and change their wives as often as they pteafe. Tl>ey maintained bloody wars with tire Spaniards till 1690, fince which Tome of them h^ve become (i'hriftians. It is bounded by La-Plata 01^ the N. £. and by Chili on the W. Chidlbigh, orCHooLBiCH, a tOWQ of Devonfliire, wiihamarket on Saturdays, and two fairs, viz. on June 11, for flieep, and on September «i, iur horned cattle. It is feated near ih^ river Teigne, and the market is good for corn, and proviflon. It is 9 miles S. W. of Exeter, and 18* W. by S. of London. Lon. 4. 5. y(. lat. 50. 30. N. ' ' . ' • Chielefa, ^flrong town of Turky in Europe, in the Morea. It was taken by the Venetians in 16P5; but after that the Turks retook it, with all the Morea. Lon. 22. 21. E. lat. 26. 50. N. *Chiemsee, a lake of Germany, i^ Bavaria, which contains a town of the fame name, where thee is a bifhop^s fee. The ifland it Aands in is about 17 miles in circumference, and it lies 22 miles W. S. W, of Saltzburg, and 35 E. S. E. of Mti- nich. Chi IK I, a fortified town of Italy, in Piedmont, fubjefl to the king of Sardinia* It is feated on the declivity^of a hill, in a very pleafant country, bounded on i\i Adea with hills covered wiih vines. It is i miles on April 23,{E. of Turin, and 12 N. E. of Ca|-m»gnola. 5, for horfes | * Ch i e t i, a town of Italy, in the king- dom of Kaples,' ind capital oF the Hither Abruzzo, with an archbidiop'a ice. It is feate* Pir CHI intti on » mountain near the river PcfcarSt 8 miles S. W. of Pcfcara, and 15 N. W. of Anzano. Lon, 14. 13. £. lat. 41. 12. CHiMfaT,or Poit-Cheir, a maritime town of Happy Arabia, wjtl) a liarbnur. Some pretend to fay, that the inhabitants are very civil and flncere, and that they offer their dauglttets to Hrangers who arrive there ; but this may Im juAly doubted, for the Maiiometans are very jealoua of their iVomen. It carries on a confldctable trade. Lon. 49. 15. E. lat. 14. 40. S. * Chilham, a village in Kent, 6 miles S. W. of Canterbury, with one fair, on Kovember S, for cattle. Cn I L I , a large country and kingdom of S. America, lying alonf the fide of the S. Sea, 950 miles in length, and from 37 to 50 in breadth. It may be divided into three principal parts ) viz. the bifhoprick of la- go, the bifhoprick of Imperial, and Cuio. It was difcovered by Don Diego d'Alm-ii^ro in l$xs« It abounds in tries, fiults, In- cTian con, cattle, and mines of all kinds. "f he gieateft part is inhabited by the native Americans, who have neither towns nor Villages, properly fpeaktnj^, but only wretched huts, at a diHance from each other. They arc much addifled to women and drunkenneft. The colour of their {i:\n is that of a red copper, as in all other p;«rts ofAmerida; and, (ince the intrnduf>ton of hoifes by tlie Euiopeans, they feldom travel without one, there being fuch a pro- (figious plenty ©f them Some would have Chili extend as far as Cape Horr). but very improperly. Ic is hounded on the W by the S. Sea, and on the £ by ihiit p'odi gious ridge of mountains called the Andes * Chilmakk, a village in Wiltfliire, sa miles W. ot Salifbury, with otit fair, on July 30, for cattle, fheep, horfes, hogs, and cheefe. * Chiloe an ifland of America, on the coaft of Chili, in the South S.a, about i£5 miles in length, and 17 in breadth. The principal towrt is CaHro. Chiltkrn, a chain of Chalky hills, running, from £. to W. through Bucking hamfhire. Chimav, a town of t'-e French Nether- lands, in the province of Hainalt. It was ceded to the French by the Spaniards in 1684, and is feaM on the river Blanche, 20 miles S. of Charleroy. Lon. 4. 17. £. lat. 5c. 30., N. CiiiMAY, a confiderable lake of Afia.in Afem, a country that lies between Tibet on the N. and Bengal on the S. i^ihiMMA, an ancient and f^rcng town CHI • ' of Tuiky in Europe, and in Albinla, ca* pital of a territory of tha fame name, v^hlch compiehendt a chain of mountains of which one part is frev, and the other fuh- )t& to the Tutks. It is feated on a rock near the fea, 15 miles N. of Corfu, and $7 S. E. of Valona, at the entrance of the Culph of Venice. Lqn. ao. 3S. E. lat. 40*^ 10. N. ■ * Chimliiqh, a town in DsvonOiirey with a market on Thurfdays, and one fair, on Augufl 2, for cattle. It is feated oa the river Pert, which fetching a compafl* like a baw, furroundt three parts of it. Ic is but a fmall place, and the market incon" fiderable. It is 1 1 miles N. N. W. of Exe- ter, and 184 W. by S. of London. Lon. 4* 5. W. lat 51.0. N. China, the empire of, in Afia, is bound- ed on the E. by the Ocean, on the N. by • great wall, above 1000 miles in length, which feparates it from Tartary ; on the W. by high mountains and defarts, and on the S. by the Ocean, and the kingdoms of Tonquin, Cochin-Chinit, and Laos. It it included between 95 and 135 degrees of E. longitude, and between 11 and 55 of N» latitude. Some pretend it is bounded with* out the grca: wall by tlie empire of Rudia, but impiopeilv ; "^or thit country has always been known by the n.imj of Tartary, tho* it is now in the Chinefc domini ns. It it about ao'o miles in lenj^tli, trom N to S. and 1500 in breadth, fiom E, to W. and is divide^ in'o )6 provinces, whic'i cortam 155 towns of the fiift rank, 1312 of the i fecond, b-fides 2357 fortifieH towns; in all ' which the e may be about 50,000,000 of people. Iherfi are fevtral laipe rivers, an go abroad; and yet their houfes are but ntan and low, conftfting only of n ground floor. They are addicted to all forts of karning, particularly to aits and fciences. The government of ttus empire is abfolutt, and the emperor has a privilege cf naming his fuccefTor ; but the chief mandarin has fiermiflion to remind him of his faults. He looks upon his fubjeAs as his childien, and pretends to govern thera. with » fatherly aife(5lion. There is no country in the world where the inhabitants are fo cere- monious as here ; and yet, notwiihAand- ing their feeming Sincerity, they cheat as much in their dealings as in the mofl un- civilized countiies. It is certain that their empire is very ancient, and they themfelvei pretend it has exil^ed many thoul'and years before our sera of Noah's flood. However, it is generally allowed to have continued 4000 years without in terruption,thougl) they have had twenty two different families on the throne. The laft family, now leigntng, is that of the Tartars, who conquered China in 1640. Their religion is t^aganifm, and the (t& of Fo is tl e principal. They allow polygamy, and keep their wives pret- ty clofe. Their writing is very particular; for every letter is a word, and confequently they have as many let. rs, or charaf^ers^ as words in their language: But, what is mod remaikable, it is faid the [apanefe ufe the fame, and underftand them very vvell, though their language is quite dif- ferent* All their citits and towns are fo much alike, that thofe tj)a< know one, are acquaintied with all,. PeKinf is the capital CHI of the whole empire. The revenue! of tfk* crown are computed at ai,ooo,cco Herling yearly, and the forces are faid to confift of about 5,000,000 of men in times of peace ^ however, Ance their being conquered by the Tartars, they have no enemiM to cope with. The Chinefe pretend to have a creat veneration for ti of Namur< Lon. 5, a. E, Iat. 50*. 20. M. CiiiNoi*, an ancient town ef France, irk Touraine, remaikable for the death of Hen- ry II. king of England, and for the birth uf the famous Rabelais. It is feated on tha river Vicnne, in a fertile and pleafant coun- try, TO miles N. of Richelieu, and 150 S. W. of Paris. Lou* e. 18. E. Iat. 47. isu N. Chios. See Sio. * Chiourlic, an ancient town of Tuiky in Europe, and in Romania, with a fee of a Greek bifhop. It is feated on a river of the fame name, 50 miles N. W. of Conflantinople. Lon» 7. 47. £. Iat. 411 18 N. Ch iozz o, an ancient and hanc!fome town of Italy, in the teriitory of Venice, and, in a fmall ifTand, near the L-t^unes, with a podeAa, a biHiop's fee, and a harbour^ defended by a fort. It is 15 miles S. of Venice. Lon. la. 23. E, Iat 45. 17. N. Chippenham, a town of Wiltihire, With a market on Saturdays, and four fairt« viz. May 6, June 11, Ofiober 18, and November 30, for horned cattle, fheep^' horfes, and hogs. It is feated on the river Avon, and the market is well fupplied with, corn and provifions. It is a good thorough- are town, has a handfome ftone bridge over the river, confifting of 16 arches, and fends two members to parliament. It ia XI miles £, ef Biiftol, and 94 W. of London* CHI London. Lon. s. is. W. lat. 51. tj.N. •Chipping, a village in Lancafhirc. 10 miles E. of Garftang, with two fain, on Eafter-Tuefday, and AuguA 24, for ca>tle. CHippiNe-NoRTON, a town of Ox- fordshire, with a market on Wednefdayi, and feven fain, viz. March 7, May 6, the laft Friday in May, July 18, September 5, November i, and the lad Friday in Novem- ber, all for horfei, cow*, o miles W. by S. of Chelmsford, and xi N. E. of London. Lon. o. ao. E. lat. 51. 4a. K. *CHippiNa-SoDBViiY,a town ofClou- cederfhire, with a marWt on Thurtdays, and two fairs, on May ij. -1 June 14, for cattle, checfe, and pedlars ./are. It is feated in a bottom, near the Downs^ on the road fiom I'rinol to CirenceAer, and has a gre.it market Tor corn and cheefe. It is la miles E. N. E. of Briftol, and 103 W. of London. Lon. 2. ao. W. lat* 51. 33. N. Chippino-Wycomb, a town of Buck- inghamlhire, with a market on Fridays, and one fair, on Septehtber a5, for hire- ing of fervants, It is feated on a fmall river, which falls into the Thames, in a plearant valley, and is well built, contain- ing about too I'oufcs, with feveral good inns, and the market is confiderable for fi(h, flefh, and other provifions. It is a mayor-town, and fends two members to parliament. It is la miles S. of Ailefbury, and 33 W of London. Lon. o. 36. W, lat. 51. 35. N. ChIRVAN. SeeSCHtRVAN. * Chissklbgrouch, a village inSomer- fetfliire, 4 miles N ofCrookboin. It has one fair, viz. on October 10, for cattle of all forts, cheefe, and hogs. Chi TOR, a famous town of AHa, in the dominions of the Great Mogul, and in a province of the fame name. It is not now fo cinfiHerable as formerly ; however, fome fuppofe it to be the capital of the dominions of Poru», who fought againft Alexander the Great. It is 2 50 miles N. E. of Sural. Lon. 75. jS.E. lat. a3. 30. N. CHiTOR, a town of Italy, in Pielmont, Ceated on the river Po, xo milct N, of C H O Torln. It wat taken by the French lA 1 70 5^ but was recovered by the confederates tb« year following, and is now fubjeA to tho" king of Sardinia. Lon. 7. 3X.E. Ut45« la. . Chitro, a townofTurky in Europo^' feated on the bay of Salonichi. It is tiw place where the mother, wife, and fon of Alexander the Great were murdered bjr Caflander; as alfo where Pcrfius king of Macedonia was defeated by Paulus iEmiltut the Roman conful. Lon. aa. 5. E. lat. 40* ao.N. * Chivas, a ftrong town of Italy, in Piedmont, which has been feveral timet taken and retaken in the late wars, parti- cularly in 1705, by the French, but wat retaken the next year by the confederates, after the victory at Turin. It is fo advart- tageoafly fnuated near the river Po, that whoever is malUr of it has the key of tho territory of Turin, Canafez, Verceilois» Monferrat, and Lombard/. It is la mile* N. E. of Turin, and 9 W. of Verue. Lat,' 45- 3- N. Chiusi, an epifcopal town of Itafy, in Tufcany, and in the Siennefe. It it ])oorif peopled on account of the unwholefome air, and is 85 miles S. £. of Sienna. Lon* 2. 55. £. lat. 43. o. N. Chiustsngi, s town of Torky in Eu- rope, feated on the Black Sea, and on on« of the fouthern branches of the Danube* and about 35 miles N. of Temefwner. Its ' ancient name was Illropolis, and was for- merly of great note: Lon. 37. 35- E. lat« 43- a- N. * Chi VTA Yi, a confiderable town of Turky in Afia, capital of Proper Natolia, and the refidence of a beglerbeg, as alfo of the Grand Seignior before the takinglof ConOantinople. It is feated on the river Ayala, 75 miles S. of Burfa. Lon. ag. 47* £. lat. 39. 42. N. * Choczin, a town of Moldavia, on the confines of Poland, and feated on th« river Neifter. It is remarkable for twb victories gained by the Poles over the Turks s but is now in pofTeirion of the RulTians, who rock it in 1739. It is no miles N. W. 01 Jazy. Lon. %y. 15. E. lat 4S« 50. N. Choisey, a village in the ifle of France, feated on the river Aifne, 3 miles from Compeigne. Here is a handfome royal palace; likewife feveial of the kings of France lye buried at this place. * Cholxt, a townof France, in Anjoa. It has a handfome caftle, and is 175 milts S. W. of Paris. Lon. i, 5. £. lat. 47. 10, N« '■ • Unot- . C H R Cmolmoooi y, a town of RufHii, fn Cu- t6p«, and in the government of Archan|$rl. It U ftaMd on an tfland of the river Dwina, Mir Archangel. ' Cnon AT, a town of Hungary, tnd capi- tal of a county of the fame name. It it Mated on the river Merich, i$ itiites E. of Scgcdin, and 30 N. o( Temefwaer. It it a bifhop't fee. Lon si. 19. B. lat 46. ii.N. CNOa AZAN, a large country of Afia, and the moft nortlicin province of Ferfia j bordered on the N. by Zagathy as well as on the E. and the S. by Sableftan, and on the W. by Aftrabadt. Cmorces, a town of France, in Dau- pbiny, and in the diocefe of Embrun, burnt elown by the duke of Savoy in 1691. It il 10 miles E. of Cap. Lon. 6. »5. E. lat. 44. 35. N. Cnotiin. SeeCHOcxiN. CiiaxMNiTa, the chief of the mine- tovrns in Upper Hungary } 68 miles N. E. «f Prefburg, and fubjcA to the houfe of Auftria. Lon. 18. 57. E. lat. 48. 45. N. CHRtsTstfRO, a townof Fo!i(hFiu ger, indigo, and the tropical fruits. Lon< 61. 32. W. lat. 17. 30. N. * Chor !. K Y, a vilt.ige in LancafliSre. It is 7 miles S. E, of Prefton, with three f.iirs, viz. on May 5, andAuguft so, for horned cattle } and on Septeniber 5, for toys an<) fmal! wares. CifuRCH-STRtTTON, a town cf' Shrop-^ fhire, with a market on Tiiurfdays, and two fairs, viz. on May 14, and Septembet' 24, for horned cattle, horfes, and iheep. It is Tested between two hills, and is but a fmaU place, though the market is good for corn. It is 14 miles S. of Shrewfbury, and lOi N. W. of London. Lon. s. 40. W. lat. 52. 3S.N. CHVRCHitL-FoRT, feated on theE. fide of Hudfon'S'Bay, in America, and the mofl northerly of tliofe belonging to the Hudfon'si-Bay company, •Churchingford, a village in Devon- (hirc, wirh three fairs, on January 25, latl Friday in March, and laft Friday in April, for bulloclts and horfes. Chusan, an iflsnd of Afia, on the eall coafl of China, where the E India com- pany had a faftory } but the nat ves were fo guilty of extortion, that they removed from thence. Lon. 124. 0. £■ lac. 30. 40. N. Chusistan, a province of Afia, ill Perfia, between Fars and Buflarab, bounded on the S. by the gulph of Perfia, on the N*. by Irac Agemi, on the W, bv Irac Arabi, and on the E. by FarfiAan. It is theSufiana of the ancients, and SuAar is the capital. • CiALUs, a kingdom of Afia, in Inde- pendent Tartary, bounded on the N. by the Itingdom of Eluth, on the E. by large fandy defaris^ on tbc S. by Gteat Tibet, and on iha C I N Mif W. by Turkiftan. The chief town it of | Ibt fanrifl name. * CiAMfA, a kingdom of Afla, in i*-e %. Indiei, bounded on the E. and S by rh« ' fta, un (tie N. by the Defens ot Cochin- China, and on (lie W. by the kingdom of Cambogia It is very little known. • Cibola, a provine of N. America, ' in New Mexic \ inh.ibirrd by tlie original Americans, who have a f'.w town* or vil- lages. It abounds in Indian corn, pitch, fait, bean, a fort of tygers, pecaries, and jCamel (h-ep, which ac very tall. CiCLuT, orCtCLunii, a Hiong frontier town of Dalmatia, furrjunJed with walls built in the ancient manner. It is feated on • rockv hill on the weArrn banks of the river Na'entha, between a town of that name and the fort of Noiin. It was taken from the Tnrks by the Venetians in June 1694. Lon. 17. 40. E lat. 45. ao. N. CiLiciA, the ancient name of part of Afia Mmor, now Natolia. It is at prefent part of the provin e ol Caramania, and lies en I he crai) of the Mediterranean Sea, in A^atic Turky. CiLLEY, an ancient and famous town of Cerman), in the circle of Auftria, and in Ui'psr Carniob, with the title of a princi- pality. It is capital of a county of the fame name, and feated on ihr Saan, 15 miles N. E. of Laubach, and 47 S. of Gratz. Lon. ^Sv^S* ^- l>t. 46. 28. N. CiMBRiSHAM, a fmail fea-port town of ficbonen, in S. Gothland, a province of Sweden ; fea ed on the Baltick Sea. I,on. 16. o E. lat, 57. 10 N. CiNALOA, a province of N. America, in Mexico, lying on the eaHern coaft of the fea of California The air is very whole- fome ; and it abounds in fruits, Indian corn, pulfe, and cotton. The natives are yery robuft and warlike. It has a capital of the fame name, lying E. of the Bay of Oalifornja ; it is fubje£t to Spain. * CiNAK, a large and populous town of Afia, in China, feated in a marfhy bottom. Lon. 103. 35. E. lat. 30. 7. N. CiNGA, a rapid river of Arragon, in Spain. Ic rifesin Bielfa, one of the Pyrenean Mountains, whence it runs through Arra- gon, and fa. I5 into tlie Ehro. CiN{j.uE. Ports, certain fea-port towns fo called, on the coaft of Kent and SufTex, namely, Haftings, Dover, Romney, and Sandwich. They are under the government of the conf^able of Dover caftle, and had large privileges granted tliem, on account pf their fitting out fhips, for the defence of the toaft, againft France. The fea is now f etifed fomc diftance fromR9(nne]f, C I R CfNTiA, a cape and mountain of PortiN gal in the province of Eftrcmadura, ufttallf called the Rock of LiA)on. It liei en th« N. fide of the entrance of the river Taje { and there \i a town of the fame name feated the eon Lon. 10. 15. W. lat. $9. 0. N. * CioTAT, a fea-port town of France, in Provence j famous for Mufcadine wine. It it feated on the bay of Laqu^e, between Maifeillcs and Toulon. The haibour ia defended by a Arong fort. Lon. 5. 30 E* lat. 41 10. N. * v^tR, St. a village of France, in tho diocefe 01 C'artrei, two miles from Ver« failles ; remarkable for a nunnery founded here hy Lewis XIV. The nuns are obliged to take care of the ei.' "*rion of isogirls, who muit piove their es to h^ve been noble from the 4 th gert' -. ..on on the father's fide. They cannot enter before they are 7 years of age, nor after ix, and they con- tinue till they are ao years and three monthf eld. The houfe is a moft magnificent Arudiure. * CiR AN, St. a town of France, in th« diocefe of Bouge, in Berri, feated on tho river Claife, with a celebrated BenediAins abbey. CiRCAStiA, a large country of Afla« lying between the rivers Don and Wolga { bounded on the N. by RulHa, on 'the E. hf Aflrachan and the Cafpian Sea, on the S. by Georgia and Dagiftan, and on the W. by the Sea of Zabach. It is full of moun> tains and forefts. and has no ether city but Teiky, which is feated on the Cafpian Sea. It is a kind of republick j for the people put themfelves under the preteAioa of Perfia, Ruflia, and the Turks i howevert the laft are in pofTeflion of Terky, the eapi^ tal town. They are Tartars of a middle ftature, welUfet, with coarfe black hair, and broad flat faces. They wear a veil qC coarfe grey cloih, and over it a (beep's ikin^ which they turn to the fide from which the wind or rain comes. They have boots of horfe leather, and wear on their headf round bonnets of ccarfefelt, or black cloth. The women paf* nmong the Turks for very great beauties, their complexion being ei(« tremely fine. The men are not jealous; for they allow their wives all imaginable liberties. Thefe, in the fummery wear nothing but a fhift open down to the naval ; but, in the winter they have furred gowns, like the Ruffians. They are very fond of necklaces, which confift of flrings of pearls, or coloured glafs. It is not a tittle furprifing that the men (hould be fo ugly, and the women fo exucmel^ handromCf Their re- : |f(io« CI T l|t«ob ■ mixture of Chtiftianity and Maho> mctanifm) and, like the Jews, Ibey marry t^eir brotlier'c wives, if they have no chil- dren. The men are good horfemen, and flibfift chiefly by hunting and robbings though fome are addiAed to hufl}andry. In winter they live in forry buti, and in thefumaier in tents. Their female children are gene- rally bought by the Tuiks and Perfians, who bring them up for their feraglioi. CiaBNcxsTEK, a town of Gloucefler- fliire, with two markets, on Mondays and Fridays, and three fairs, on Eafter-Thurf- day, July i8, and November 8, for cattle, .- ference; the ruins of the walls ar-: . i Viflble. A great many Roman antiquities have been difcovered j and here the Roman roads met and crofled each other. It had al- (a a caAle and an abbey, long flnce de- noUfhed. It is now a borough- town, and fends two members to parliament. It is 55 miles E. N. E. of Briftol, i8 S. E. of Gtoucefter, and 85 W. of London. Lon. t. o. W. lat. ST. 42. N. CiRBNZA, a town of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, and capital of the Bafili- «ata, with an archbifhop'sfee. It is feated on the river 3randuno, at the fopt q( the Appenine Mountains, 35 miles E. of Con^,and 97 E. of Naples. Lon. 16. 44. J£. lat, 40. ^8. N. CiSTKAux, or CiTBAVx, s fmall town of France, in Burgundy, remarkable for its abbey, which is the principal of the Ciftercian Order, and Qfpendi immediately on the Pope. CiTTADELLA, a fca-port town of the Ifland of Minorca, and capital of that iffland. It was taken by the Englifh in 1708, and ceded to them by the treaty of Utrecht in ,1713 ; but it W9S taken by the French in 1756, and ceded to the Englifh by the pesce ' of J 763. it it feated ai the W. end of the ifli^nd, 60 miles W. of tho town of Majorca. ILon. 3. 30. E. lat. 39. 58. N. CiTTA-pi-CA&TELi.D,a townof Italy, .,»nd capital of a county of the fame name, . in ycpbtia, w ith a bifhop's fee. It js pretty Aropg and populous, and is feated on the river Tiber, 27 miles S. W. ofUrbino, and looN. of Rome. Lon. 12. 18. E. lat. .43.28. N. . , ifftTA'-KvovA, a town of Italy, in ih^ itfiarquifate of (tiiePope; feated CIV oontains 16 churches and convents wiihiflt its walls, befldes 15 without. It is 8 miles fromLoretto, and 5 from Firmo. Lon. 15* o. E. lac, 43, It, it. CITTA-NUOVA-COTTOMIRA, a tOWII regularly fortified, in the Ifland of Malta j it includes the old port of St, Margerita. CiTTA NuovA, a fmall fea.port town of lAria, in the terrirory of Venice, with a bifhop's fee, 60 miles E, of Venice. Lon: 13. 48. £. lat. 45. 30. N. CiTTA-ViTTOR losA, Or II Borgo, a ftrong town in the ifland of Malta, feated on a narrow neck of land in the harbour, to the left of Valetta, from which, on each fide of the town, runs a very broad canal enclofing the town, and forming an excellent harbour. It is defended by the ftrong caftle of St. Angelo, feated on a high rock, and joined to the town by a bridge. * CiVIDAD - DC - LAS- PaLMAS, thC capital town of the Ifland of Canary, with a bifhop's fee, and a good harbour. The houfes are weU«butlt, two ftories high, and flat-roofed. The cathedral is a very handfome ftruAure ; and the inhabitants are gay and rich. As the foil is fandy, the flrcets are always very clean. The air is temperate, and free from exitremes of heat and cold. It is defended by a fmall caftle feated on a hill. Lon, 14. 35. W. lat, a8. 0, N. Cividad-Rkal, a town of Spain, in New Caftile, and capital of La MaAcha* The inhabitants are noted for dreffrng leather extremely well for gloves. It is feated two miles and an half from Cuadiana, and 90S. of Madrid. Lon. 4. 15. W. lat. 39. X. N. CiviDAD-RooRiGo, a ftrongand confi- derable town of Spain, in the kingdom of Leon, with a bifhop's fee. It is feated in a fertile country, on the river Aquada, 40 miles S. W. of Salamanca, and 115 W. of Madrid. Lon. 6. 51. W. lat. 40. 38, N. * CiviDAD-Di Fbiuli, a fmall but ancient town of Italy, in Friuli, and in the territory of Venice j feated on the river Natifona, 3 miles E , of Udtna. Lttn, 13. 25. E. lat. 46. 15.N. Civita-di-Pekna, an ancient town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Farther Abruzzo, with a bifhcp'sfee. It is near the river Salino, 95 miies N. E. pf Aquila. Lon. 13 3. £. lat 42. 25. N. CivitaCastellana, a townof Italy, in St. Peter's Patt tmony, feated on a river, which, fev. n miles from thence, falls into the Tiber. It is 18 miles E. by S. of Vi> ncona,^ and territory of 1 tetbo, , ana 20 N . W. gf Rom9< Lon. 13. on the inttioie, and 5.E. lat> 42. ij. N* v^<»:/i>? -m I ClTITA- C L A CiV|TA*ni Chuti. See Chiiti} CiviTA-y«ccHiA, a fea-port town of Italy, in the Patrimony of St, Peter, with a goad harbour, and an arfenal. Here the Pope's galleys are ftationed, and it has lately been made a free port : but ttie nir is very unwholefome. It is 35 miles N. W. of Ronoe. Lon. i%. 31. E. lac 42. 5. N. *,Clacic, a village inDevunthire, about 7 miles S. S. E. of Frome, in Somerfet- and fhtep. 5. Ihire, with two fairs, on April September 19, for horned cattle, horfes, and cheefe. Clacicmamnak, a town of Scotland, in the (hire of Monteith, .feated on the N. ijiore of the river Forth, 25 miles N. W. of Edinburgh. Here Robert de Bruce, kin§ of Scotland, had » palace. Lon. 3. 36. W. lat. 56. 15. N. •Clackmannan, a fmall county of Scotland, bounded on the E. by FifeHiire, on the N, and W. by Perthfliire, and on the S, by Steriingfhire. It is but 8 miles in length, and 5 m breadth. It produces good corn and pafluref, and plenty of coals and fait. This fliire, together with Kinrofs, fends one member to parliament. Clagenfubt> ftrong and regular town of Germany, and capital of Caiinthia, with a very handfome fquare. It belongs to the houfe of AuDria, and is 8 miles S. W. of Weit, and 150 S. W. of Vienna. Lon. 13. 56. £. lat. 46. 50. N, Claxn, a river of France, in Poitou. It rifes on the borders of Angoumois, and falls into the Vienne. CLAMEcr, a town of France, in Niver- nois, whofe fuburb is a bifliop's fee. It is feated on the confluence of the rivers Buevron and Yonne, 112 miles S. by E. of Paris. Lon. 3. 36. E. lat. 47. 28. N. • Clafham, a village in the Weft-Rid- ing of Yorkshire, 6 miles N, W, of Set- tle, with one fair, on September 21, for (heep, Clak A, St. afmaUiflandofS. America, in Peru, lying in the bay of Guiaquii, and fubje£t to Spain. It is 70 miles S. W. of Guiaquii. Lon. 80. 16. W. lat. 3. 30. S. Clare, St. a fmall ifland in the Atlantic Ocean, and one of the Canaries, lying be- tween Lancerota to the S. and Alhgranza to the N. E. It is little more than a rock. Clari, a town of Suffolk, with a market on Mondays, and two fairs, on Jafter-Tuefday, and May 26, for toys. It is feated on a creek of the river Scour, and ruins of a caftle, and a collegiate church, are ftill vifible. They have a manufa^ure of bays. In this town is a very large church, and a Pren;>yteriaa and (fakers CLE meeting. It confiHs of about 500 hou^te'- which are moftly of clay white- waHied, and the Areetspietty wide, but not paved* It is 15 miles S, of St. Edmund's- Bury, and 56 N. E. of London. Lon. o, 37. £. lat. 52. 15. N. Clare, a town of Ireland, and capital of a county of the fame name, in the pro- vince of Connaughr, 17 miles N. W. of Limerick. Lon. 9. 5. W. lat. 52.40. N. * Clare, a county of ]treland, 55 milei in length, and 38 in breadth; bounded on the £. and S. by the liver Shannon, wbicb feparates it from Tipperary, Limeiick, and Kerry j on the W. by the ocean, and o^ the N. by Galway. It contains 100 14 houfes, 76 parifhes, 9 baronies, and one borough. It fends 4 members to parlia- ment, viz. two for the county, and two for Ennis. The foil is very fruitful, lie* very commodious for navigation, and con- tains two maiket-K vns, and one borough ; but the principal plac. is faid to be Killa- loe, which has a biHtop't fee. Clarbnza, capital town of a duchy of that name, on the weftetn coaft of the Morea, belonging to the Turks. It is a fea port, feated on the Mediterranean; 26 miles S. of Patras. Lon, 21. 41. E« 'at* 37- 55' N. *Clav0e,St, a very handfome town of France, in the Fianche Comte, with a bifliop's fee. The cathedral church is ex> tremely elegant. Great numbers of pil- grims flock hither, to vifit the remains of the body of St. Claude, which they pretend are yet uncornipted It is feated on the river Lifon, 15 i;ales N. W, of Geneva, and 58 S. of Be^anfon. Lon. 6. o. E. lat. 46, 30, N. i. f Clavenna. Sec Chiavenna, Clausenbvrc, a large town of Tran- •iilvania, feated on the river Samos, 55 miles N. W. of Hermanflat, It is a large populous place, and on one of the gates is an infcription in honour of the emperor Trajan. Lon. x>. 48, E. lat. 47. to. N» Cl a Y, a town in Norfolk, whofe market is difufedj but it has a fair, on July 19, for horfes and other things. It is feated on an arm of the fea between two rivers, fo that three of its fides are funounded with waters 9 20 miles N. W. of Norfolk, and 115 N. N. E. of London, Lon. o. 50. E. lat. 5]. o. N. * Clayton, a village in SiifTcx, 6 miles W. of Lewes, with two fairs, viz, on July 5, and September 26, for cattle and Iheep. Cleais Cape, a promontory of a little ifland, lying on the S« W« coaft of Ireland. U CtEBuaY, CLE CtBBOKV, a town of Shropfliirf , with C L O ) • marktt on Thuifdays, and two faiiB, on May 2, and Oflobcr 27, for horned cat- tle, (heep, and hoR«. It is fcated on the river Re;i, near the fortft of Wire, a8 niiles 8. E. of Shrewfti'ury, and 118 N. W. of London. Lon. 2. 29. W. lat. 52. t7. N. Clerat, or C'laiuac, a town of France, in Agenois, on the river Lot, 8 mites from Ag<;n. Lon. o. 33. E.iac. 44. ftS. N. • Clkrmont-in-Arconnb, a town of France, in the Verdunois, 117 ir.ilesN. W. of Paris. Lon. 5. 9. E lat. 49- 34* ^' Clermont, a town of the Ifleof France, in Beauvoifis, 37 miles N. of Paris. Lon. 2. 28. E. lat. 49. 23. N. Clirmont, a confiderabie, rich, and populous town of France, in Auvergne, with a bifliop's fee. The cathedral, the public fquarcs, and the walks, are very tnr, ao4 over-againA Fott-Shenk. |t is near a wood, through which there are feveral fine walks; 12 miles S. E. of Nimeguen, and 70 S. £. of Amflerdan[i. Lon. 5. 37. E. Tat. 51. 48. N. Cleves, the duchy of, is One of thq finefl and bed countries of Germany, in the circle of Wenphalia, and divided in two by the river Rhine. Cleves is the ca- pital town. Cliffe, a town of Northamptonfhire, with a maikec on Tuefdays, and one fair, on Odlober 29, for cheefe, hoine-fpur^ liners, and turners ware. It is 30 mtleS N. E. of Northampton, and 73 N. N. W. of London. Lon. o. 35. W. lat. 52. 30. N. Clifton, a village of WeHmcreland, three miles fiom Penrith, or Peiith, re« markable for a (kirmifh between the Icing's, forces and the rebels in 1745, when the former were defeated Clissa, a fort of Dalmatfa, of great importance, which was taken from the Turks by the Venetians. It i$ feated on a craggy mountain, neap which there is ^ narrow valley, between two fteep rocks, through which the road het from Tuiky to Dalntatia. It is 10 miles N. E. of Spalatto, and 30 S. E. of Sebinico. Lon. 17.35. ^r lar. 44. O.N. Clisson, a town of France, in Brit, tany, in the territory of Nantois, and feated on the river Sure, 12 miles S. of Nants, Lon. I. 15, W. lat. 47. 6. N. Clithero. See Clethrro. • Cr-OEAYNOG, a village in Denbigh- Hi ire, wi;li two fairs, on Eafter-Tuefday^ and Otftober 24, for cattle. C LOG HER, an epifcopal town of Ireland, in the county of Tyrone, and province of Ulficr. It fends two Qiembers to parlia- ment. Lon. 7. 30. W. lat 54. 16. N. Clonmel, a town of Ireland, in the county 0; Tipperary, and province of Mun- Aer, feated on the river Sure, 19 miles S. E. of Tipperary town. It fends two mem- bers to parliament. Lon. 8. 2. W. lar. 51. 51. N. Cloud, St. a town of France, 4 miles from Paris, feated on die river Seine. Here is a magnificent palace, and one of the fineft in Europe, belonging to the duke de Chartres ; and the cafcaHe is greatly ad- mired. It has the title of a duchy. Lon. I. 18. E. lar. 48. 51. N. Cloyne, an epifcopal town of Ireland, in the cou«ty of Cork, and province of MunHer, 16 miles E. of Cork. It fends two members to parliament. Lon. 8. o. W. lat. 51. 40. N. CtuKI, c o c Cldnt, a town of ifraoc^, in Burgundy, and in Macanpis, remarkable for its famous JBenedi£line abbey. It is feated on the river Grofne, le miles N. W, of Macon, and 37 S. W. of Lyons, ton. 4. 33. E. ht. 46. 14. N. * Cr-UNN, a vil|jif;e in Shrop(hire, 6 miles S. of Biniops-CaOle, witli two fans, on June 13, and November %i, for flieep, horned cattle, and horfes. Close, « town of Italy, in the duchy of Savoy, and capital of the territory of Foufllgny ; feated on the river Ancc, zz miles S. E. of Geneva, and 40 £. ot Chamberry. Lon. 6. 29 E. lat. 46. o. N. Clyde, a tiver of Scotland, wl)ich rifes in Annandale, and running N. W. thro' Clydfdale, palTcs by Lanerk, Hamilron, and Glafgow, falling into the Frith of Clyde, over againft the ifl« of Bute. * CLYNroGFAUR, a Village in Carnar. vonfhire, in N. Wales, \with two fairs, on Augud 18, and September a 3, for cattle. Clyson, a river of Piedmont, in Italy, which runs through the valley of Perufe. * Cob HAM, a village in Surry, 8 miles S. W. of Kingfton, with one fair, on De- cember 1 1, for horfes, r«nd tains, tlie inhabitants alfemhle to lerreHl themfelves during the great heats of April and May, and both men and women divert themfelveg with fwimming. The water is fo unwholefome, that the conflant drinkers of it have fwelted legs, fome of which ate a yard in circumference. It is too miles S. of Calljcut. Lon. 75. 10. E. lat. 10. o. N. Cue H in-China, a maritime kingdom of Afia, bounded on the E. by the fra, on tl'e N. by Tonqain, on the \V. by Cambodia, and on the S. by Ciampa. It is much larger .han Cambodia, and much richer j but the inhabitants are not fo conveiTable nor civil to flrai^gers. It abounds in gold, raw filk, and drugs; their religion is muoti the fame as that of China, and their cities and towns have gates as tb? end of each •Areer, which are fiiut up every night. If any fire breaks out in a ward, all the inha- bitants are deAroyed except the women .ind children. T' e inhabitants are cf a li)(ht brown complexion, very well Shaped, with long hair and thin beards. The women are handfome, but not very modefl } that is, they are like the reft of the females in this part of the world, and the men of quality wil) offer their daughters ta ftrangers. Coc KCRMOVTH,a town of Cumberland, wiih a market on Mondays, and two fairs, the firft Monday in May, for horned cat- tle, and on Odober 10, for ho'fes, and horned cattle. The fituarion is low, be- tween the rivers Derwent and Cocker, over whirh there are two ftone-bridges. It is between two hills, oifi one of which Aands a handfome church, and on the other a ftately caftle. It is a borough town, and fends two members to parliament. It is well inhabited, has a good trade in ccarfa broad cloths, and has feveral handfome buildings. The market is the beft for corn in the county, except Penrith. It ic 44 miles S E. by S. of Kendal, and 187 ti. N. W. of London. Lon. 3. iz. W. lat. S4- 3S- U a N. • C0CK« COG COL * CocK.HiLL, a place in Somerfet- ] of Chelmsford, and 4.5 E. N. C, of London* (hire, where there is a fair on December Lon. o. 47. E. lat. 51. 45. N. %i, for all forts of cattle. CocoNATo, a town of Italy, in Pied- mont, remarkable for being the place where Columbus was born, who fitd dif- Govered America. It is ao miles E. of Turin. Lon. 7. 59. E. lar. 44. 56. N. • CocsNON, a river of France, in Nor- mandy, which has its foorce in the dio- «fe of Mans, and falls into the fea between Point Orfon and Mount Mieliael. Cod Cape, is in N. America, on the coad of New England, near the entiance of the harbour of BoAon. Lon. 69. 48. W. lat. 42. o. N. CoDOGNo, a town of Italy, in the du- chy of Milan, and in the Ladefan, near the confluence of the rivers Adda and Po, 23 miles E. of Pavia. Lon. 10. 39. £. lat. 45. Id. N. CoESFEtDT, a town of Germany, in Weftphalia, and in the territories of the bifliop of Munfter, where he often refides. It is near the river Burkel, iz miles S. W. of Munf^er. Lon. 64. a. E. lat. 51. 58. N. • CosvoRPKN, one of the ftrongeft towns in the Uni^eJ Provinces, in Overyf- fel, fortified hy the famous Cohorn. It was taken by the bifhop of Munfter, 1673 j and the Dutch retook it the fame year. It is furrounded by a morafs, 30 miles S, of Groningen, and 37 N. E. of Devemer. Lon. 6. 41. E. lat- 5a. 40. N. Cognac, a town of France, in Angoo- inois, with a caftle, vi'here Francis I. was born. It if; feated in a very pleafant coun- try, abounding in wine, upon the river Charente, and remarkabis for excellent brandy. It is 17 miles E. of Saintes ; 17 W. of Angoulefme, and 148 S. by W, of Paris. Lon. o. 10. W. lat. 45. 4z, N. CoGNi, an arvclent and ftrong town of Turky in Afia, and in Carimania 5 where a beglerbeg refides. It is feated in a plea- fant cour.cry, abounding in corn, fruits, pulfe, and cattle. Here are (heep whofe tai's weig^h 30 pounds. It is 150 miles E. by N. of Sataiia, and 250 S. E. of Con- ftantinople. Lon. 3a. 56. £. lat. 37. 56. N. CoGSHALL, a town in Bflex, with a market nnThurfdays, and a-liir on VVhit- Tuefday, for horfes and toys, which lafts three days. It is feated'^on the river Black- water, or Pant, over which there is a bridge. It has one large church, and three meeting- i Eafter-Toefday, for wholeCale tayiors ; on CoiMBBA, a handfome, large, and ce!e« brated town of Portugal, capital of the province of Beira, wiiha bi(hop*s fee, and a famous univerfity. The cathedral and the fountains are very magniftcent. It is feaicd in a very pleafant country, abound- ing in vineyards, olive-trees, an*?! fruits. It (lands on a mountain, by the fide of the river Mondego, 60 miles S. E, of Poito, and 90 N. E. of Lifbon. Lon. 8. 57. W. lat. 40. 10. N. Cot RK, or, as the Germans call it, Chok, a large and handTome town of SwifTer- land, and capital of the couTitry of the Grifons, with a bi(hop's fee, whofe prelate has the right of coining money. Ic is di- vided into two parts, the lead of which is of the Roman Catholick religion, and the greateft of the Proteflant It is go- verned by its own laws, and feated in a plair, abounding in vineyards and game, on the river PlefTure, half a mile from the Rhine, and 4S miles S. of ConHance. Lon. 9. 17. £. lat. 46. 50. N. CoKENHAvsBN, a (IroRg town of Swe« den, in Livonia, feared on the river Dwina, 50 miles S. E. of 'Riga; it did belong to Sweden, but now to Ru(1ia. Lon. 14. 56, E. lat. 56.40. N. * CoL, a name given by fome to one of the wcAern iflands of Scotland, it abounds in corn, padure, falmons, eels, and cod. Lon. 7.35. W lat. 57. 8. N. * Col -d'Agnello, a pafTage from France into Italy, that leads from Guillietre to Chateau Dauphin. * Col-d*Abgentierc, a pafTage from France into Italy, between the marquifate of Saluce, and the county of Nice. * CoL-DE-LiMON, a paiTage over the Alps, which leads (nta ^ofT^jello to Coni. * CoL-DC-TENHa p..Tage over the Alps, between Piedmont and ;he county of Nice. CoLBtRC, a ftmng handfome fea-poft town of Germany, in Pomerania, belong* ing to the king of Pruflia. It is remarkable for its falt-works, and is feated at the mouth of the river Perfant, on the Baltic- Sea ; 60 miles N. E. of Stetin, and 30 N. £. of Camin. Lon. 15. 57. £. lat. 54. 18. N. CeiCHtsTta, a town of E/Tex, with a market on Saturdays, and four fairs, on hou.'ies. The town confifts of about 700 mean houfes, which form feveral narrow AreeTs badly pared, and there is here a inanufaAor/ of bays. It is 17 miles N. E. June 14, for horfes « on July 33, (of cattle and horfes, and' on O£lober ao, for cheefe, butter, and toys. It is a place of great antiquity, and pleafaatly and conmodioefly feated COL ftated on tHe S. fide of the river Colne^ which ii navigable within a mile of t''e town, OR the declivity of a hill. It was fbrrounded with a wall which had fix gates, and three pofterns, bcfidet nine watch* towers ; but thefe are now, in a great mea- fure, demoliflicd, Ithad i6parilh churches, but now only li are ufed i thefe are not very large, andmoft of them were damaged in Cromweirs tiae. There are here alfo five meeting houfcs. The town confifts of about 3000 dwelling-houfes, mod of them old builr, with feme few good brick ones ; the ftreets are not very broad, though they are tolerably paved. The number of inha- bitants amount to about 5000. The town fuffered gieatly in the civil wars. There is a large manufactory of bays, for Spain and Portugal, ant* the town is famous for oyAers and eringo-ioOvS, and imports wine, brandy, coals, deals, tee. It was lately a corpora- tion, but has lod in charter for fome mif- demeanour ; howe«r, it flill fends two members to parliament. Tuwards tl:e E. are the ruins of an old caflle, with a fence roundit about t\AO acres in circumference. It is XX miles E. N. E. of Chelmsford, and 50 E. N. E. of London. Lon. i. t. £. ht. 51. SS.N. Colchis, now called Mencrklia, lies at the E. end of the Black Sea in Afia. CoLDiNCUEN, a town of Denmark in N. Jutland, and diocefe of Ripen ; remark- able for its btidge, over which ail the oxen and cattle pafs that go from Jutland into Germ.iny, which brings in a confiderable revenue to the king. It is fe.-)ted on an eminence, in a pleafant country, abound- ing in game ; 50 miles S. by E. of Wy- berg. Lon. 9. X5. E. lat. 55. 35. N. Col EK A IN. a large town of Ireland, in the county of Londonderry, and province of Ulrter ; feated on the river Bann, 25 miles N. £. of Londondeiry. Lon. 7. x. W, lat. 55. 10. N. It fends two mem- bers' to parliament. CoLESHiLL, a town in Warwickfliire, with a market on Wednefdays, and three fairs on Shrove Monday for horfes, on 'May 6 for horfes and cattle, and on Ofto- ber '< for all fotts of cattle. It is feated on thi fide of a hill, by the river Colne, over which there is a ftone bridge. It is ti miles *I. W. of Coventry, and 140 N. W. of London. Lon. i* 35> W. ut. 52. 30. N. CoLFOBD, a town of GlouceAer(hire, Vritji a market on Tuefdays, and two fairs on June 20 for wool, and November 24. for cattle and cheefe. It is 14 miles N. of Warwick, and izx W. N. W. of London, ton. a. 15. W, lat. 51. 45, N. COL CoiiMA, a fea:hy of Juliers. It is divided into the diccefe and (he domain. The diocefe is divided into the upper and the lower j the domain comprehends the duchy of Weftphalia, and the territory of Recklin- cufen. The eledor is arch-cbancelior of COL the empire for I aiy, and has a ri^ht t« confccrate the emperor for Italy, with that of Menti. This eleAorate is thought ^o be the mofl fertile and pleafant country of all Germany j and it abounds in corn, ^vine, paHutes, and all the neccfTaries ot life. The revenues of Cologn are coiA- puted to amount to 130,000!. a year. CoLOMB, St. a town in the county of Cornwall, with a market on Thurfdays, and two fairs on Thurfday after November iji and Midlenc-Thurfday, forolen, RVBICONB, * tOWn of Italy, in the eccleiiaAical Aate j feated on the river Pifatella, anciently called the Rubicon. Color NO, a town of Italy, in the Par* mazan, rear the river Po, 8 miles from Parma. The duke of Parma has a pleafure- houfe here, one of the moft delightful feats in all Italy, and the gardens are very finr* Lon. 9. 15. £, lat. 44. ^4. N. * Cot.os>! - COM • CoioiwAm, a l4rge and celebrated town of Tranfilvania, where the fenates have (heir meetings. It it feated on the river Samoa, 37 miles N. W. of WclTem- bprj;, and 150 E. by S. of Vienna. Lon. 22. 4S. £• iat. 46. 53. N. CsLOMBo, a fea-port town of Afia, feated on (he S. W. coaft of the illand of Ceylon, and fubjedl to the Dutch. Lon. $8. 10, E. Iat. 7. 5.N. CoLUMNA, a town of the Ruflian em- pire, iii the duchy of Mofcow, with an archbifhop's fee; 45 miles S. £. of Mof- cow. Lon. 40. 27. E. Iat. 54. 50. N. CoLUMPTON, a town of Devonlhire, with a market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on May i, and October 28^ for cattle. It it feated on the river Culm, over which there is a bridge, and is a pretty handfome place. It is 12 miles N. £. of Exeter, and 176 W. by S. of London. I>on. 3. 10. W. Iat. CO, 50. N. CoLURi, an ifland of Greece, formerly called Salamis. The principal town is of the fame name, and feated at the S. fide, at the bottom of the harbour, which is one tf the finefl in the woitd. Thoush Ajax, who nakes fuch a figure in Homer, was king of this idand, yet it is but a poor place, for all the riches con(i(l in wheat, barley, tar, roiin, pit-coal, fpun^es, and pot-afhes, which they carry to Athens. It is 7 miles S, of Athens, and is feparated from the copitinenrby a ftreight, a mile in breadth. Lon. 14. 5. £. Iat. 38. o. N. Com, a town of Afia, in Periia, and in Irac-agemi. Ic is a large populous place, l)(it it has fufiered greatly in the late civil wars. It is 100 miles N. of Ifpahan. Lon. 49. I. £. Iat. 34. o. N. CoMACHio, an epifcopal town of It^ly, in the- territory of the church, and in the Ferrarefe. The air is bad, for which rea- fon i( is inhabited by few, befides fllhermen. It is 27 miles S. E. of Ferrari, and 20 N. of Ravenna. Lon. 12. 10, E. Iat. 44. 45. U. The lake of the fame name is between the two mouths of the river Po, and about 10 n^iles in circumference ; but dry \n feveral places, on one of which the above town is built. CoMANA, a fea-port town of S. Ameri- ca in Terra Firma, feated on the coaft of Caracoa; 35 miles E. of Laguara, and fubjedl to Spain. Lon. 64, 29. W. Iat. 10. 10. N. CoMANAGOTTA, a town of AtTierica, in Terra Firma, xo miles W. of Comana, and fubje£l to Spa^m. Lon. 70. 35. W. Iat. 19. 10. N. CoMANiA, a territory of Afia, bounded COM'' en the E. by the C^fpian Sea, on the W. *f CircalTia, on the N. by the territories <>' ' RufTia, and on the S, by Georgia. Hera are fine meadows and arable land, but th« inhabitants, tliough Mahomeiani, and very fuperAitious, are great thieves. Comb -Mar TIN, a town of Devonlhire* with a fmall market on Tuefdays. It ii fea(ed on the Severn Sea, where it hat an inlet whi..h rgnt through the town. It it but a fmall place, 7 miles £. of Ilfracomb, and 184 W. by S. of London. Lon. a. 5. W. Iat. 51. 12. N. * Comb, St. Nicholas, a village itt- Somerfetlhire, with one fair, on December 16, for bullodcs, ho:fes, and fheep. * CoMtTXAu, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Saltz, with a handfome town- houfe. It was taken by ftorm in 14*1, and all the inhabitants, men, women, and children, were put to the fword. It is feated on a fertile plain, 12 miles N. W, of Satz, and 60 N. W. of Prague. Lon. 13. 25. E. Iat. 50. 30. N. CoMiNES, a town of French Flanderi, on the lines which the French have mad« to defend their country againft the Auftrian Netherlands, and it (lands on the river Lis, 5 miles S. W, of Mtnin. Lon. 3. I.E. Iat. 50. 45. N. * Com MANY, a kingdom of Africa, oa the Gold Coaft of Guinea, about 11 miles in length, and as much in breadth, where the Englifh and Dutch have forts. Com m b a c y, a handfome town of France, in the duchy of Bar, witii the title of a principality, and a magnificent caftle. It is feated on the river Meufe, 8 miles S. of S:. Michael, and 150E. of Paris. Lon. 5. 14. E. Iat. 48. 40. N. CoMMiNCKs, a province of France, 4$ miles in length, and 1 5 in breadth ; bound- ed on the N. by Gafcony, on the S. by Ca« talonia, on the E. by Couflferans, and on the W. by Bigorre. Its principal trade! confiils in cattle, muUs, and corn. St« Bertrand it the capital town. CoMO, a flrong and populous town of Italy, in the duchy of Milan, and in the Comafco, with a bifhop's fee. It was taken by the Imperialifts in 1706, and is feated on a lake of the fame name, 27 miles W. of Bergamo, and 80 N. E. of Turin. Lon* 8. 57. E Iat. 45.45. N. * Co MO, the lake fo called, is the largeft in Italy, and is in the duchy of Milaq, and in Comafco, on the confines of Swif^ ferland, and the Crifons. It is 88 miles in circuniference, and yet it is not above flx mites over in any one part. I CoM'jKiN, a promontory of Afia, and I. CON tilt moft northern point of tho p«ninfu1a on thia Tide the Gangci, and N. W. of the ifland of Ceylon. CoMOBBA, a handfome and targe town of Lower Hungary, and capital of « terrU coi-y of the fame name. It is fo well forti- fied, that the Turks could never take it. The greatcft part of the inhabitants are Hungarians or Rufliana, who are very rich, and are of the deck religion. It is feated en the river Panube, in the ifland of Sihut, 6 miles S. of Newhaufel, and 70 S. by E. of Vienna. Lon. 18. 25. £. lat. 47. 50. N. CoMfKioNK, a handfome town of the Ifle of France, in the county of Senlis, with a palace, or caftle, where the king often refides. The maid of Orleans was taken prifoner here in 1430. It is feated on the river Oife, near a large foreft, 17 miles Nf. W. of Senlis, and 45 N> E. of Paris. Lon. 3. iz. lE. lat. 49. %$. N. CoMTosTELLA, a Celebrated town of Spain, and capital of Galicia, with an archbiftiop's fee, and an univerfity. The public fquares, and the churches, par- ticularly the metropolitan church, are very magnificent. It has a great number of monafteries, for both fexes, and about •000 houfes. It is pretended tjjat the body d!° St. James wa:> buried here, which draws a great number of pilgrims from moft parts of Chridendom. "f hey walk in pro- ceiTion to the church, and vifit his wooden image, which Aands on the great altar, and is Illuminated with forty or fifty wax- candles. They kifs it three times, with a very refpedful devotion, and then put their hats on its head. In the church there are thirty fiiver lamps, always lighted, and fix chandeliers of hlver, five feet high. The poor pilgrims are received into an tiofpitai, built for that purpofe, which ftands near the church, and round it are galleries pf free lllone, fupported by large pillars. The archbi/hop is one of the richeft pre- lates in Spain, having 70,000 crowns a- year. From tltis town i;he military order of St, Jago, or St. James, had it original. jt is feated in a peninfiila, formed by the rivers Tambra and Uila, in a pleafant plain, 88 miles N. of Braganz.<, and 275 N. W. of Madrid. Lon. 7. 17. W. lat. 42. 54. CoMPOSTZLLA,Niw, a town of North- America, in New Spain, and province of Xaiifco, built in 1531. It is feated near the S. Sea, 400 miles N . W. of Mexico. Lon. no. 12. W. lat. ii. o. N. * Con c ALE Bay, is on the coafl of prance, in Biittany, where the Engtifh CON foreei landed in June 1758, in order t0|O to St. Maloe's, which they did, and burnt all ihe Ihips in that harbour, which were above 100, of all forts. Concale is tha town which gives name to the bay, and , is famous for oyfters. It is 18 miles E. of St. Maloe's, and 197 W. of Paris. Lon. I. 47. W. lat. 48. 41. N. CoNCARMBAu, a town of France, in, Bretagne, with a harbour, and a caftle. It is 16 miles from Quimpcr. Lon. 3. 45. E, lat. 47- SS' N- , , Conception, a town of S. America, in Chili, with a bifhop's fee^ and a very large harbour. It has been laken and ra- vaged feveral times by the native Americans, and is feaced on the S. Sea, in a fertile foil, abounding in corn and excellent wine. Lon. 79. 12. W. lat. 36. 42. S. CoNCErrioN, a town of U. America, in New Spain, and in the Audience of Guatimali. It is feated near the fea-Coaff, 100 miles W. of Porto bcllo, and a fmait river that runs into the fea. Lon* 83. 5. W» lat» 10. o. N. * Conches, a town of Normandy, with a BenediAine abbey, which carries on a confidcrable trac^e. it is feated on the top of a mountain, in the territory of Ouchcg, 45 miles N. W. of Parii. Lon. o. 51. £• lat, 48. 58. N. Concordia, a town of Italy, in tha duchy of Mirandola ; feated on the river Sechia, 5 miles W. of Mirandola, and 15 iniles S. E. of Mantua j fubje£> to tha houfe of Auftiiji. Lon. 11. as. E. lat. 44. 52. N. Concordia, a Tmall town of Italy, in Friuli, and in the territory of Venice, with a bifhop's fee ; it is now almoA ruined^ and the bifliop refides at Pdrto Gtuaro. Conor EssAVT, a town of France, in Berry, and government of Orleannois j feated on the river Soudei','25 miles N. of Bourges. L.)n. 2. 30. E. lat. 47. 30. N. CoNDB, a town of . t^e French Nether- lands, in the province of Hainhault, with the title of a principality, and a caAle. It is one of the Arongei) towns in this coun- try, and feated near the confluence of tha rivers Haifne and Sclield, 8 miles N. £. of Valenciennes, and 127 N. by £. of Paris. Lon. 3. 29. E. lat. 50. 27. N. • Conde, a town of France, in Nor- mandy, and in the Beflin, which carries on a confiderable trade; feated on the river Neteau, 10 miles from Tincnebrei, andi 125 W. of Paris, Lon. o. 37. W. lat. 48* 50. N. CoNDECEDo, a cape or promontory of N. America, in the province of Yucatan, lOQ der to |0 ind burnC ich were » tho >ay, and iici E. of Lon* «nce, in tflle. It 3'45;E. CON »e» mllM W. of Mwida. Loi). 93. 7. W. ht>iKv,a town of France, in Lyo- nois, remarkable for its excellent wine*. It is feated at the foot of a hill, near the river Rhone, 8 milea S. W. of Vienne, and 17 fouth of Lyons. Lon. 4 33. £• lat. 45. a8. * C0VDKO8, a diftrift of Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia, and in the terri- tory of Leige. Huy is the capital town. * CoMrLANS-EN-jANKsi, a town of Lorrain, on the confines of the Franche ComtiS, feated af the confluence of the rivers iron andOrne. Lon. 5. 55. E. lar. 47.45- N. CoNFLANs, a beautiful palace of France, wbi«h belongs to Ui« archbilhop of Pat is, CON I andst feated at the confluence of the river* Seine and Marne. • * CoNruLiNS, a town of France, ia ii Marche, feated on the river Vienne, Lon. 0.43. E. lat. 46 55' N. * CoNccRBDRY, a village in Somcrfet- /hire, 6 miles N. of Axbridge, with one fair, on September 14, for cattle and horfes. CoNCLCTON, a town of Chcfhire, with a market on Saiuidays, and four fairs, on the Tliurfday before Shrovetide, May is» July 5, and July 1 3, for cattle, and pedlars ware, it ii, feated on the river Dane, and is a lar^e mayor- town, thou(',h ir hr. nothtng but a chapel of eafe, the church beir.' two miles diftant. Its manufaAury is the mak- ing of leaiher-eloves, but the moft confi- deiable is filk, there being a large (ilk-mill lately ere^ed here by feme Tuiky mer- chants, wl/ich employs 700 hands. It is 7 miles S. of Macclesfield, and 157 N. W. of London. Lon. ». 1 3. W. Iat. 53. 7. N« Congo, a large country of Africa, be- tween the equinoAial line and 18 degrees of S. latitude, containing the counties of Lo« ango, Angola, and Bengucla. It is hound- ed on the N. by the kingdom of Benin, by the inland parts of Africa on the E. by Matamon on the S. and by the Atlantic Ocean on the W. It is fometimes called Lower Guiney ; and the Portuguefe have a great many fettlements on the coaft, as well as in the inland country, which were firft begun foon after the year 1484, at which time it was difcovered. The heat is almoft infupportable, efpecially in the fummer months. They have tn^ny defart places within land, in which are many wild beafts { fuch as elephants, tygers, leopards, mon- keys, and mouftrous ferpents : but, near the coaft, the foil is more fertile { and there are fruits of many kinds, bcfides palm-trees, from which they g^t wine and oil. The greateft part of the inhabitants are negroes, going almoft naked, worfhipping the fun, moon and ftars, befides animals of different kinds. But the Portugutf<^ have made a great number of converts, ru..has they are* Congo, property fo called, is about 150 miles in length along the coaft, atid 372 in breadth. From March to September Ik cal- led the winter feafon, when it rains almoft every day ; and the fummer is from October to March, and then the vvcather is always ferene. The inhabitants are ikilful in weav-. ing cotton cloth, which ferve them to hide their nakednefs j and they trade in (laves, ivory, caflia, and tamarinds. This country contains vaft numbers of elephants, whofe teeth are prodiginufly' large. The river Zaire is full of crocodiles, and fsa and river X horfes. CON CON tiorfei. Some fay there are gold m'tnei the eountlet of Foix, Commirigei, iind C» here, but that the inhabitants do not i^ t^ know liowr to work them. Tlieir current money is f«-fli«lls. The principsi town is St. Salvjtclore. The tiade is open to all European nation.';. Com, ■ Arong town of Italy, in Pied- mont, and capital of a territory of that name, with a good citadel. This town be- ing divided into two f^Qions, it furrendered to the French in 1641 ; but was rellored to the duke of Savoy foon after. It is feated at the confluence of the rivers GitHe and Sture, 3; miles S. of Turin. Lon. 7. 29 £. Iat.44. 13. N. CoNiNGsecK, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and capital of a coun- ty of the fame name } 10 miles N. of Con- ftance. Lon. 9. 30. E. lat. 47. 50. N. Conn xw GUT, one cf the four provinces of Ireland, bounded on the £. by that of Leinfter, on the W. by the ocean, on the N. and N. W. by part of the ocean and pro- vince of UlAer, and on the S. an.i E by MunAer. It is about 130 miles in length, and 84 in brtadth. It has no rivers of any great note, befiues the Shannon. It has fe- veral convenient bays and creeks, and is fertile in many places. It had feveral dan- gerous bogs, over-ran with woods, which are now in fome meafure cleared away This province produces abundance of catile, fheep, deer, hawk!>, and honey ; hut the in- habitants being lazy, it is the lea A cultivated of all the four provinces. It contains one archbilhoprick, 5 bifhopricks, 6 counties, 7 market- towns, 8 places of trade, 10 bo- roughs that fend members to parliament, 47,156 houfes, 24 old caAles, befides for- trefTes that have been erefled of late, and 3*30 parifhes. The principal town is Gal way. Connecticut, a p'ovince of N. Ame- rica, in New England, bounded on the N. C by the colony of .MafTachufer, on the S. by the fea, and en the \V. by New York, and is 100 miks in length, and 80 in breadth. Itii a dil^in£l goveinment by it- felf, chufing its own governor, deputy- go- vernor, cuncil, and afTembly. Con NOR, a town of Ireland, in t^e e<»'jnty of Antrim, and province of UIAer, with a biHiop's fee ; 6 miles N. of Antrim. Lon. 6. >8. £. lat. 54. 50- N. ,' C0NQ.UET, a handfome maritime town cf France, in Lower Britanny, with a good harbour" and road. Ic is very rich, and feated 11 miles W. of BreA. Lcn. 4. 45. W. lat. 48.36. N. CoNsER ANs, or CoDsiiRANS, 3 fmall diAtiA of France, in Gafcony, bounded by lalonia. It lies along the river Salat, and has nothing conflderahte but St. Liaier, wliich i« pace where the ambatTjdors of Englant*, of Ger. biflinp's empire. iral fine ane. It ortified j imptrial on here. here in >es { buc V, was il caufed ough the m a fafe im, rhat They 9f Wick- urned 40 r. tlie in- on a fmall neck of land, which advances towardi Natoiia, from which it is feparated by a channel of a mile in breadth. The fea of Marmora wae Archi- pelago, from whence it is fupplied with all necefTaries. Conftaniinc the Gieaf, being obliged to refide in the EaO,cliofe this place for his abode, and rebuilt it alter the model of Rome. It was taken by the Turks in May 1453, *'"* *"** ***?' pf'fl^'^'on of '' e^er fince. The Grand Seiifnior's palace, called the Seraglio, is feaie.1 on the fea-fide, and is furrounded with walls flanked with towers, and feparaied from the city by canals. It is faid the harbour will eaOly hold iioo fliips. The number of houfes mufi needs be prodigious, fince one fire has burnt down 30,000 in a day, without great- ly changing the afpefl of the city. However, in general, they are but mean, efpecially on the out-fide, where there are few or no win- dows, and the ftreets being narrow, gives tbem a melancholy look. They reckon that there are 3770 ftreets, fmall and great ; but they are feldom or never clean ; and the people are infefted with the plat^ue almnrt every year. The inhabitants are h., and contains all forts of goods, which are there expofed to fale. The market for flaves, of both fexes, is nut far off, and the Jews are the prmcipal mer- chants, who bring them here to be fold Tiiere are a great number of younc girls brought from Hungary, Greece, Can^ia, RofTia, Mingrelia, and Georgia, for thefer- vice of the Turks, who generally buy them for their feraglios. The great fquare, near the mofque of Sultan Bajazet, is (he place for public diverfions, where the jugglers and mountebanks play a great variety of tiicks. The circumference of this city is by fome faid to be 15 miles, and by Mr. Tournefort 43 miles } to which, if we add the fuburbs, it may be 34 miles in compafs. The fuburb France, Venice, and Holland, rcfide. Thia city ii builc in the furm of a triangle ; and aa the tjround rifes grarlua'ly, iheie is a view of the whole rown from t^ie fea. The public huildin(;s, fuch as the palaces, the mofques, b,igni(,s, »nd caravanfarics, for the enter- tainment of Arangeis, are many of them very ma|rnirt.«:nt. It is iia miles S. of '♦pdiianoplf, 700 S, E. of Vienna 750 E. of Rome, ■ ;co S. E. of London, 1150 E of Madrid, 11 50 S. E. of Paiis, and iioo S. S. E. of Stockholm. L'jD. 19. ao. E. lat, 41.4 N. • Constant iNOw, a town of Polantf, in Volhinia, remarkable for two batilea fought in 1648 and 1651. It is feitted on the river Selucza, 30 miles S. E of Bar, and 61 N. E. of Kamieck. Lon. 48. 37. E. lat. 49. 46 N. CoNTEssA, a fea port town of Turky, in Europe, feaied on a gulp)) of the fame name in the Archipelago, 42 miles N. E. of Salonica, and zoo W. of Conflantinople* Lon. 24; 58. E. lat. 40 58. N. CoNTi, a town of France, in Picardy, with the title of a principality. It is feated on the river Seiile, ix miles S. W. of Amiens, and f>i N. of Paris. Lon. s. 17* £. lat. 49. 54. S. •CovKRSANo, a confiderable town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in TerridiBari, with a bifhop^s fee. It i» feated ro miles from the gulph of Venice, and 15 S. E. of Bari. Lon. 17. 15. E. Ui« 41. 10-N. CoNWAy, a town rf N. Wales, in Car- narvonshire, with a market on Fridays, and four fairs, viz. on April 6, September 4, OAober 10, and November 8, for cattle. It is feated at the mouth of the river Con- way, and is a large walled town, with a cafile, and the houfes are well-built and well inhabited, and yet the maikctisbuc fmall . Near this town corn, timber, and oak-bark, are in great plenty ; and they clt;ar out at the cuftom-houfe here from 1 1 to IX, 000 bufhels of grain every year. There is a vafl body of marcafite up the riverf with whi;.h copperas is made ; and fome think theie are veins of copper- ore near it. Formerly it was famous for pearl- fifhing } and tl ere is ftill plenty of peail-mufTels, but they are now neglected, it is 15 milw^ N. W. of Denbigh, and 109 N. W. of Lon- don. Lon. 3. 47. W. lat. 53. zo. N. * Con wv DO) a village in Merioneihfhire, in N. Wales, with one fair, on Oflober ai, for fheep, horned cattle, and horfes. CoNzA, a fmall ancient town io the X a . king- COP kingdom of Naplti, and in tb« Farther Prirtcipato, with an archbi(bop't fts, It wai fo greatly ruined by an earihqualce in 1694, that the place where the cathedral Aood ii hardly known. It ii 31 N. E. of Salerno, and 5a B. of Naplei. Lon. 16. 5. £. lat 40. 50. N. * Coos, an iiland in the Archipelago, i;6 milei W. of the Ifle of Rhodes, and is fiib- }• A to the Turks. Lon. 27. 24. E. lat 37. CoPBNNAGBN, a Urge, rich, and Arong town, or city, of Denmark, with a famous vniverfity. There was a new palace buili here in 1730. which ia very magnificent) ^elide• which, there are two others, in which the king rometinies refidcs. The citadel is a regular fort, defended by five good baAions, a double ditch full of water, and feveral advanced works. The atfenal is furnifhed with naval ftores, fufRcient to At out a whole fleet. The exchange of the B. India company, their arfenal, the king'a Aables, the college, the houfe and pro- vjfiont, the orphan-hottfe, the opera-houie, and ihs mititary-fchool, are all fuperb Aruc- tgrei. The royal library contains above 40,000 manufcripts and printed books, coU le^ed from all pans. The inhabitants are reckoned at about 60,000, without count* ing the foldiers and failors. Before the ter- rible (ire in 1728, ther* were about. 6000 houfe*, of which 3785 were reduced to aOiet, with a prodigious quantity of mer- chandizes of all fo/ts. It is above five miles in arcumference, and is feated on the caflern fhore of the IQe of Zealand, upon a fine bay of the Baltic Sea, near the freight called the Sound. It is 300 miles S. W. of Stockholm, 450 N. W. of Vienna, 500 N. £. of London, and 550 N. N. £. of Paris. Lon. 13. 1. £. lat 5$. 51. N. CopiAVo, a great river of S. America, vrith a town of the fame name, in Chili, which carries on a great trade, and is feated in a fertile country, near the S. Sea, 500 miles N. of St. Jago, and is fubjeA to Spain. Lon. 75. 10, W. lat. 26. o. S. CoritowATS, a pretty large town of Turky in Europe, in Bulgaria. The>e were formerly feveral Albanian merchants in Ms place, who profcfTed the Roman Catholic religion } but they were expelled in 1700. Lon. t7. 15. £. lat. 43. 40. U. * CopoKiA, a town of the Ruffian em- pire, at the mouth of a fmali river of the fame name, in Ingria. It was ceded to the Swedes in 1617: but it was taken from ti>rm by Peter the Great, in the beginning of the prefent century, Lcn, 29. 50. E. lat. 59. 36. N. COR Co^viMBo, a fea-poti town of I. Amt* rica, in Chili, feated on a river of the fanna name. It abounds in fruits, and mine* of different metals, and the Aelds are alway* green, though it feldom or never rain*. 1« hat a good harbour, and hat been often piU laged by the Englifh. Lon. ii. 59. W. lat. 29. 44. S. Cob I AC N, a town of Germany, in Heflki and in the principality of Waideck, former- ly imperial, 10 miles N. W. of Waideck, and 35 N. of Marpurg. LoA. t. 55. t* lat. 51. 15 N. Cot BECK, a town of the Aaftrlan Ne« therlands, in Brabant, 3 milet S. of Lou- vain. Lon. 4. 45. E. lat. 51. o. N. CoRBBiL, a town of the Ifle of Franca, divided into two by the river Seine, 8 miles from Melun, and 17 S. from Paris. Lon* 2. 21. E. lat. 48. 38. N. Cor n IP, a town of France, in Picardy, with a celebrated Benedid^ine abbey. Tha fortifications were demolifhed by LewisXI V. in 1673. It is feated on the river Somnte» 10 milet E of Amiens, and 75 N. of Paris. Lon. a. 35. E. lat. 49. i;4.N. CoRBiBRs, a fmall territory of France^ in Languedoc, remarkable for a viAory that Charlemagne gained over the Saracens iiv Corby, a town of Germany, on tha confines of Weitphalia, with a famous. abbey, whofe abbot is a foverei^n prince, and hak a place in the diet of the empire, h is feated upon the river Wefer. Lon. 8. ao. E lat. 51. 40 N. * CoRBV, a village in Lincolnfhire, is mileti N. of Stamford, with two fairs, vi>. on Auguft 26, and on Monday before OAo- b«r 10, for horfes and horned cattle. * Cor GANG, otherwife called Jua- CANTZ, a town feated on a river ancient- ly called Oxus, which ran from the Cafpiao Sea to the lake Aral j but the Tartars hsva found out means to dry up the channe>. It was formerly of more confequence than it is at prefent j for the greateft patt of th* houfes are now in ruins, and thofe remain- ing are mean low buildings. It is 90 milea S. of the lake Aria. Lon, 73. 15. E. lat. 40. 57, N. CoRDouA, an epifcopal, and one oftha mod confiderable towns of Audalufia, in Spain, remarkable for its antiquity, and having prefeived its fplendor, dignity, power, and riches, through fo many ages, ill being well known to the Romans by jtho name of Corduba. It is very pleafantly feated on the river Gualalduivir, over which: there is a magnificent fVone- bridge. On :he N. are high mountains,^ and on the S. a very COR a vtry txttnflvt plain. The circumference i$ Urge, but U it not peopled in proportion to itt extent, for there are a great many orchard* and patdeni within the walli. There are many fupcrb (\ruAuree, palaces, churchee, and religioui houfei, particularly the cathedral, which ii very magniAeent ) it was formerly a moCque, when the Moort poflfefTed the town, for which reafon it ftill retains the name of Mezquita, which has the fame meaning. The fquare called the Flaza Major, is furrounded with very flne houfes, under which are piazzaa. The trade is flourishing on account of the river, and confiAs of wine, filk, and Cordovlan leather. In the neighbourhood of this place are a vaft number of orange and lemon trees, which tenders their fruits exceeding cheap. The beft horfes in Spain come from hence. It is 7$ miles N.E. of Seville, and 135 S. by W. of Madrid. Lon. 3. 47. W. lat. 37. 4t. N. • CoRDUA, Naw, a confiderable town of S. Amerka, in the province of Tucuman, with a bifliop's fee, 175 miles from St. Jago. Lon. 6>. s« W. lat. 3a. 10. S. CoaouAM, a famous pharos or Kght- lioufe of France, in Cuienne, at th« mouth of the river Girond. The architeAure is extremely fine, and is placed there to hinder veflcis from running on the fand- banks at the mouth of the river It is 55 miles N. W. of Bourdeaux, and 37 S. W. of Rochelle. Lon. 1. 9. W. lat. 45. 36, N. CoasA, a peninfula lying totheN. E. of China, hetween 99, and 109 degrees of E. longitijc, and between 31 and 46 of N. latitudt It is divided into 8 provinces, which contain 40 cities of the ift rank, 51 of the xd, and 70 of the 3d. The capital •f the whole is Hanching, where the king refidet. The Jefuits fay, the people are well-made, nf a fweet and tradable di'f^o- fition, and fond of learning, mufic, and dancing, and in general refemble the Chinef*. Their houfes are mean, being covered with thatch; and they have no beds, but lie on the floor. They have little fiik, and therefore make ufe of linen-cloth }n its room. Their arms are crofs-bows, and very long fabres, or fwords. Their trade confifts in white- paper, pencils, ging- feng.gold, fllver, iron, yellow- varntfti, fowls, whofe tails are 3 feet long, horfea no more than 3 feet in height, fable-fkins, caftor and mineral fait. In general it is a fertile coun- try, though abounding in mountains. They never bury their dead till vhree years after their deceafe, b«K keep them clofe (hut up in coffins for that time. It is tributary to China* **- .'' COR Coari-CASTti,atown of Dorftf'fhlr«» with a market on Thorfdays and two fairs* viz. on May 11, andOAober 19, for hogt and toys. Ir Is featcd in a peninfula called I'urbeck, on a river, and in a barren foil between two hills, on on* of which flandt the calile. It has one church, and ijo houfes } governed by a mayor and aldermen, and fends two members to parliament. It is I i miles S. by W. of Pool, and n 6 W. by S. of London. Lon. s. S. W. lat. co* 33. N. Coartf, a confiderable ifland of Europe, lying near the coaft of Epirus, fubjeA toth« Venetians, and the mod important place thef have in thefe parts { becaufe it commandf the Adriatic Sea, for which reafon they have always here about 1 5 galleys, and feveral other veflTels. The metropolitan church of the Greeks, which ftands in the capital town, is vtry handfome, and adorned witli feveral rich fliver lamps, and one of gold. The I'urks have often attemp cd to become maAers of it, but in vain. It is c'efended by an impregnable caAle called Sr. Ange. It formerly beloni^cd to the king^jom of Naples } \i\it the inhabitants fubmitted to the Venetians about the year 1386. Here 4hey make a great deal of fait ; and the country abounds in vini^yards, temoni, olives, and cjder trees. The capital town is of the fame name, and feated towards th« middle of the eaftern coalT of the ifland^ over-againft Canina. Lon. 19. j. E. lat. 39. 40. N. Cor I A, an epifcopal towrn of Spaii), in the kingdom of Leon. It was taRen by the allies in 1706, and feated on the river Alagon, a 5 miles S. W. of Placentia, and ISO S. W. of Madrid. Lon. 4. 13. W. lat.. 39. 36. N. - t • CoRtiNTRs, a cape or promontory on' the W. coaftof Mexico, in S. America, and in the S. Sea, too miles N. of Xaltfco. Lon. no. 50. W. lat. ao. a. N. Corinth, now called Coranto, or Gbbami, an ancient town, and formerly much celebrated, in the Morea, with a Greek arehbifhop's fee. It was one of the moft important places in Greece, on account of its antiquity, its fituation on the pafl^gc from Greece into the Morea, its caHIe, (landing on the top of an almoft inaccemble rock. Its harbours on the gulphs of Lepanto and Egina, its riches, and its architeA«» fculptures, arrd painters, who were the moll (kilful in all Greece. It belonged to ihe Ve> netians, till it was taken by Mahomet II. but they retook it in 1678 i the Turks be. came mafVers of it again in 171 5, and have kept it 'ever fincci It it now greatly decay - - ^ COR cd, for i^^ houfes are not contiguous, but intermixe '. with fields land gardens, which make it look like a village. The country about it abounds with corn, wine, and oil ; and, from the caftiBjabove>mentioned, is one of the fineft profpedts in t' " world, over the fea to the £. and W. and a fertile country N. and S. The narrowed part of the ifthmus, on which it.ftands, is above fix miles over ; and on a mount there, called Oneius, were formerly, celebrated t'le inhmian games. There are Aill the ruins of a town upon tr, and of the temples de- dicated to the Sun, Pluto, Diana, Neptune, Ceres, and Bacchus. The inhabitants are snoft uf them ChriAians, of the Greek church, who are allowed liberty of con- fcience by the Turks. It is 40 miles N. W. of Athens, and 70 N. by £. of MifTitra. Lon. a8. 13. E. |at. 38. 14. N. * CoR ii«TK, the ifthmus of, in the Mo- rea, is a neck of land which joins Morea to Greece, and reaches from the gulph of Le- panto to that of Egina. Julius Csefar, Cali- gula, and Nero, attempted to cut a channel through it, but in vain ; and they therefore afterwards built a wall acrofs it, v/hich they called Hexamilium, becaufe it was fix n^iles in length. This was demolilhed by Amu- tat 11, and aftcrivards re- built by the Ve- netians, but was levelled a fecond time by Mahomet II. CoaiTA, a town of Spain, in the kingdom of Leon, 13 miles E. of Salamanca. Lon. 5. zb. W. lat. 31. 5. N. * CoMK, a county of Ireland, 80 miles in length, and 50 in bieadth, bounded on the W. by Kerry and the fea, on the N. by Limerick, and on the S. and S. £. by the Ocean. It contains 43,186 houfes, »3£ pari(hes, 19 baronies, and iz boroughs. It fends z 6 members 'o parliament, is fertile, rich, and populous, and has two remarkable rivers, namely, Black- Water, and Lee. The principal town is of the farne name. CoBic, the capital town of the county of Cork, in the province of MunAer, in Ireland, with a bifhop's fee. It is a neat, wealthy and populous place, feated on the river Lee, where it has a commodious har- boui-. It is a place of fome Arength, and inclofed with walls, in the form of an egg ; and the river runs round about it, over which there are bridges. Iffurpafles all the towns in Ireland, for trade, except Dublin. It contains 8 113 houfes, 2nd is 13 miles W. of Balliccra, and IZ4 S. W. of Uublin. Lon. 8. 25. W. lat. 51. 40. N. CoRiiir, a town of Germany, in Farther Pomerania, belonging formerly to the biAiop of Camin, and now to the king of PruAta. I COR It is feated on the river Perfant, 8 miles S. £. of Colberg. Lon. 16. 5. £. lat. 44. 10. • N. • Cor MK^ TIN, the name of a fortrefs, and town, on the Gold Coaft of Guinea. The fortrefs belongs to the Dutch, and below it is the town, which is very large and populous. Lon. o. 15. W. lat. 5. 30. N. • Corner Y, a town of France, in Tou- rain, with a rich Benedidine abbey. It is very pleafantly feated on the river Inrfre, 8 miles from Tours. Lon, o. 18, W. lat, 5. 30. N. Cork RICH A, one of the five places round the fortified caAle of St. Maria della Suprte, on t'le bay of Speitia, in the Genoefo dominions. Cor n b t, a caAIe on the iAand of Guern- fey, belonging to Great Britain. Lon. », 40. W, lat. 49. 40. N. Corn R TO, a town of Italy, in the Patri- mony of "t. Peter, with a bithop's fee, feat- ed on the river Marta, 3 miles E. of the fea, and 37 N. W. of Rome, Lon, 11. 43. E. lat. 4z. ij. N. *CoRNHiLL, a village in the biAioprick of Durham, with one fair, on December 6, for pedlars goods. Cornwall, an Englifll cou./y, fur- rounded on all Hdes by the fea, except to Che E. which joins to Devonfhire, from which it is feparated by the river Tamer. It is 75 miles in length, and z6 in breadth, but grows narrower gradually towards the Land's End. It contains Z7,6£o houfes, 165,660 inhabitants, i6» pariOss, zy market-towns, and fends 44 rumbets to parliament. It is remarkable f tr the Aannaties, where they get tin, and to thefe belong particular laws, immunities, and pri- vileges. And there are particular places which have the coinage of tin, to which all the tin muA be carried, to be Aampedj The other commodities are, blue-flate, corn, truits, cattle, and a little filver. Sometimes a fort of diamonds have been found here, but not fo hard as the true. This county was one of the places to which the ancient Britons retreated, whofe language they re- tained for a conliderable time, but is now almoA extindV, unlefs at two or thr^^e parifhes near the L^ivd's End. The foil is generally hilly and rocky, covered with fliallpw earth, though there are many fruit- ful valleys, particularly near the fea, which they manure with fea-weeds, and fat fand. The air is pretty healthy, though fubjcft to high winds, and Aorms. It has theti'le of a duchy, and the king's eldeA fon isdukeof Cornwall. • Cornwall, a tertiiory of France, in ; firetagne, '% COR COS Bretague, which ftrerchesout into the ocean, 'fula on this fide the Ganges, a little to the Jt comprehent's the diocefc of Quimper. JN. of Cape Coromin. Lon. 77. o , E. lat, CoBo, a town of S. America, in Terra ^8. o. N. Firma, feated at the bottom of the gulph of Venezuila, 60 miles W. of La Guaira. Lon. 70. o W, lat. ii. o. N. CoBOMANDiL, the coai\ fo called, is the eaftern coaft of the peninfula, on this fide the Ganges in Afia. It is boun''.ed on the N. by Gol'-onda, on the E. l>y the bay of Bengal, on the S by Madura, and on the W. by Bifnayar, tho' fome geo- graphers give it different bounds. The country is fertile, healthy, and pleafant. The bulk of the people are Gentoos, and have various marufa^ures of cottorv cloth. CoRON, a Tea port town of Turky in Europe, in the the territory of Belvidera, and in the j«lorea, it is faid to be a (Irong place, and yet it made but little defence in 171;, when the Turks took it, and all the Morca, from the Venetians. It is feated on a bay, 15 miles S. £. of Modon, and 80 S. of Patras. Lon. 12, o. E.lat. 36. 30. N. Cork KG 10, a fmall pleafant town of Italy, and capital of a territory of the fame name, in the duchy of Modena, wiih a handfome callle. It was taken by prince Eugen? in 1706. It is 9 miles N. £. of Keggio, and 10 N. W. cf Modena. Lon. 10. 15. £. Ia^ 44. 4;. N. * CoRSHAM, orCosHAM, 8 village in Wiltfhire, with two fairs, on March 7, and September 4, for horned cattle, fheep, and hoifes. It is 4 miles S- W. of Chippenham, and II N. £. of Bath. Corsica, a large idand in the Mediter- rancan Sea, about 88 miles in length, and 40 in breadth. Thf air is very unwholc- fome, and the land hilly, full of Aones, and cultivated very poorly j however, the valleys produce whe^t, and the hills fruits, viz. olives, figs, grapes, almends, and chef- nuts. They have horfes alfo, of a very Aery nature. Befides, there are mines of iron, and a great deal of ddx and coral on the coad. In the middle there is the moun- tain Gradaccio, where there are two lakes, near each other, from whence proceed the two principal rivers. There is a ridge of mountains, which divide the idand into two parts, the N. and S. The capital is Badia. It belonged to the Geneofe, but the natives having for many years, taken up arms againd them, that hate furrendered its right to the king of France, under whofe dominion it now remains. • CoRSLt v-HiATH, a place in Wilt- fliie, where there is a fair kept, the firft Monday in AuRuft, for cattle! and cheefe, CoKTATc^ a town of Afi', in 'he penin- CoRTK, a town of Italy, in the ifland of Corfica, with a ftrong callle in the middle of the ifland. It is 25 milei S. E. of Calvi, and 27 S. W. of Baftia. Lon, 9. ao. E..lat.4*. tx. K. CoRTis, a town of Germany, in Liege, 10 m:l<:s N. E. of Ramillies. Lon. 5.10. E.lat. 50. 50. N. Cor TON A, a town of Italy, in Tufcany, and in the Florentino, with a bilhop's fee, and a famous academy. It is 31 miles E. of Sienna, and 20 N. W. of I'erugia. Lon. 12, 2. £. lat. 43. 18, N. CoRUNNA. an ancient fea-port town of Spain, in Galicia, with a caftle, and a very large harbour, defended by two forts. There Hill remains ah old tower, built by the Romans, which is exceeding Arong. It is feated in a fmall peninfula, 15 miles N. W. of Betancos, and 37 N. of Com- poAella. Lon. 7, 15. W. lat. 43. ao. N. CoRVO, an iHand of the Atlantick Ocean, and one of the Weflern IHands, commonly called the Azorts, lyint; betwen* Europe and America. It is but fmall, and this, with the neighbouring idand of Fiorez, pro- duce variety of beautiful floweis. They are all fubjeft to Portugal. Lon. 3*. 35. W. lat. 40. o. N, • CoRWEN, a village of Merionethshire, in N Wales, 10 miles N, E. of Bala, with five fairs, on March 12, May 24, July ar, October 10, and December 26, all for fa>Parovi, the Kof. laki. !< , :f HW COT feki'Doflflci, and the Kofak i-Jaict. Thefe are the wildeft of them all, though they dwell in large villages, along the banks of the river Yaik, near its fall into theCafpian Sea. They live on hufbandry, Alhing, and their cattle» but rob their neighbours as often as they have opportunity. In the winter they keep z: home, but in fummer they roye in boats, on the Cafpian Sea, with an intent to attack the veiTels failing thereon. Their religion is a mixture of Paganifm, Mahometanifm, and Chriftianity. Their only town is Yajkfkoy. The banks of the rivers are exceeding fertile, and produce all the neceflTaries of life. Kofakki-fa Parovi are the principal of the three branches, and dwell near the river BoriAhenes or Nieper. Thefe people are large and well made, have blue eyes, brown hair, and aquiline nofes ; the women are handfome, well ihaped, and very complaifant to ftrangers. The coun- try which they now inhabit, is called Uk- rain, and is one continued and exceeding fertile plain, which produces corn, pulfe, tobacco, and honey. The paftuieu are fo good, that their cattle are the Urged in Eu- rope. Their towns are all bujit of wood, after the manner of the RufTians. Kofakki- DonHct dwell on both fides the river Don, and are much the fame for fize and fhape, as the former ; thefe are under the protefliop of RufTia, and profefs the fame religion. They live upon their cattle, hufbandry, and robbing. COSSANO. SeeCASSANO. • CossovA, a large plain of Turky, in Curope, and in the eaftern part of Bofnia, on the confines of Servia, about the river Sitniza. It is of great extent, and very fertile, and contains the cities of PriAina and Ucitergna ; but is chiefly known en ac count of the viRoty gained by Amuradi I. a Turkifti fultan, over Lazarus, thedefpote of Servia, in which this laft was taken pri foner, and the fultan himfelf was either }cilled during the battle, or after the viC' lory. CoSTA-RiccA, a province of N. Ame- rica, sn New Spain, and in the audience of Guatimala, bounded on the N. £. by the noithern ocean, on the S. W. by the S. Sea, on the N. W. by Nicaragua, and on the S. E. by Veragua. The foil is not very fertile, though there is plenty of cattle. Carthage is the capital town. • Cot ATI, a town of Afifl, in the E. Indies, and in the kingdom of Tiavanor. in the peninfula, on this Ade the Ganges. Lon. 77. J3. E. lat. 8. o. N. • CoTAT IS, a town of Afia, in Georgia, feateJ at the foot of a mountain, on the river C OVi • f Faflo, and in the kingdom of Imeratti, of which it was formerly the capital. It jja divided into three parts, the town, whicft is without walls, and contains about sea houfes } the palace, where the king fiides, and the houfes of the great men , and tha citadel, which is on the other fide the Faflb, on a high mountain, where the Turks keep a garrifon. Lon. 43. 55. £. lat. 43. 10. N. Cot BOS, a town of Germany, in Lower Luface, it is a Arong important place, and has been fubjeft to the king of PruflTia ever fince the year 1645. '^ '^ feated on the river Spree, 60 miles S. by E. of Be/lin, and ; ; S. £. of Wirtemberg. Here are a great number of French ProteAants, who have in- troduced mannfaAures, and this place ia noted for excellent beer, pitch, and the cul. tivation of flax. Lon. 15. 29. £. lat. 51. 40. N. * CoTENTiN, a territory of France, in Lower Normandy, on the Ade of the EngliOi channel. It abounds in paAures, cattle, and excellent horfes. Coutances is the ca- pi'al town. * CoTiGNiAc, a town of France, in Provence, and in the diocefe of Fcejus, with the title of a barony. It is feated on the river Argens, and is famous for its fweet meats. Cot RONE, a maritime town of Italy, in Hither Calabria, in the kingdom of Naples, feated on t^e coaA of the Medi« terranean Sea, 15 miles S. £. of St. Seve« rina, with 3 bifhop's fee, Lon. 17. 3''. £• lat. 38. 50 N, * Couco, a territory of Afia, in Bar- bary, between Algiers and Bugia. The in- habiiantj are independent, and dwell in the mountains, which are very fertile. Here the deys of A!>;i(;rs retire with their riches, when they are in dread ol being put to death by the people. CoucY, a tnwn of France, in the Lao- nois, between Laon and Oyfe. It is divided into the Upper and Lower towns. Lon. 3, 13. E. lat, 48. 30. N. Coventry, a town in Warwickftjire, which, with LitchfielJ, is a bifliop's fee. 1(8 maiket is on Friday, and the fairs are, on May 2, for hoi fes, cows, and Aieep } on Fri- day, in Trinity- week, for flannels, linen, and woollen ; and on the ArA day they r«- pref<;nt the lady Godiva on horfeback ; and on November i, for linen, woollen, and horfes. It is a city and county, containing 19 villages and hamlets, and governed by a mayor, a bailiffs, Aieriflfs, 10 aldermen, and other oAicers. It hold picas for all ad^ions, hat a goal for felons, at well as debtors, and fends c o u fendt two members to parliament. It com- prehends towards, 3 parifh-churches, t of which have very lofty fpires, and yvM fur rounded with ftrong walls, which were de- moliOied by the order of king Charles II. in 1 66s. It has a grammar- fcdool, with three matters, and exhibitions for both Univer- sities, and another free fchool for poor boys, belides feveral hofpitah ; as, one for ten old men, another for zo blue-coat boys, a third for 8 married couples, and afouich in Weft-orchard-ftreet. In the market- place liood the ftateiiefl ciofs in England, it being 66 feet high, and adorned wi^h the ftatues of feveral kings, but it has been lately taken down. This town is of great extent, but the houfes beting moftly very old, and chiefly built with wood and plainer, with ftories projecting over each other, make but an indifferent appearance. It has a confiderable manufaAure in ftufT^, parti- cularly tammies, as aifo ribbands, and has the title of an earldom. It is 30 miles W. N. W. of Northampton, and 92 N. W. of London. Lon. j. a6. W, bt. $z. 16. N. Cover DKN, a town of the United Pio- vinces, in Overyffel, near the confines of Weftphalia, and the fortrefs m the marfhes, is ftrong both by nature and art. It is 40 miles N. W. of Devenlcr. Lon. 6. 45. E. lat. 52. 50. N. CouLAN, or QuiLON, a kingdom of Afia, in the pcnmfula on this fide the Ganges, and un the Malabar coaft. The inhabitants are generally Gentoos, mixed with Chriftians ofSt. Thomas. The capi- tal town is of the fame name, where the Dutch ha> e a fettlement. Lon. 75. 30. £. lat. 8. 30. N. • CoDLANGc-LA-ViNEcsc, a fmall town of France, in Burgundy, fea'ed on the river Yonnc. There is alfo another town of the fame name, and on the fame river, at the diftance of five miles. CoatANs, a town of France, in Maine, and in the eleflion of Mans, with the title of a barony, and a caftle. CouLONGEs, a lown of France, in Poitou, and election of Fonten. • CouPER, orCour£N, a town of Scot- land, in the county of Angus, iz miles N. E. of Perth. Lon, 3. 0. W. lat 56. 33. N. CoupEZK, one of the principal rivers cf France, in Limofln, which rifes beyond Manach, and falls into the Vizere. CooRLAND, a territory of Livonia, with the title of a duchy, whofe dukes are inde- pendent, and under cheprotedtion of Poland. It is bounded by the river Dwina on the N. which feparatc* it from Livonia, on the E. COW by Lithuania, on the S. by Samogitia, and on the W. by the Baltic Sea, being about 130 miles in length, and 39 in breadth It is ufually reckoned a province cf Polan(

but laft of ail by prince Eugene, in 1707. It is feated in a liclightful plain on ihe liver Po, 30 milet N. W. of Parma, 15 E. of Placertti<>, 1 1 ■^. of B'efcia, 37 W, ot Mantua, anr^ 40 S. E* of Milan. Lon. 9. 55 £ lat. 4^. i. N. * Crimonisc, a territory of Laty, in the duchy of Milan, bounded on the E. '^z the the ufual refidenc'c of the Khan. It containi about 3000 houfea, and is inhabited only by Tartars and Jews. The town of Crim is feated in a very pleafant and fertile ' lain, and wat formerly capital of the c /iintry, but it in now gone to ruin, and ic ts not contain abave 600 thatched huts '*erekop is on the E. fide of the ifthmus, w \ich joins Cri- mea to the continent ; it is t ie key of ihia country, and yet is a pitiful place, having only 600 houfes with a half-iuined caftle, and fome ill contrived fortifications. KafTn is the principal town, and was a long whiN in the hands of the Genoefe, and was then a trading place ; at prefent they only deal in flaves, which they fteal from their neigh- bours, and fell to the Turks. It contMns about ;coo houfes, which are nothing like what they were in the time of the Genoefe, and is inhabited by Jews, Mingrelians, Turks, and Chridians, of different perfua- tk)m. The Turks are at prefent matters of the town, who keep a ftrong ganifon here. Baiuclawa, is on the fouthern coatt, and has a good harbour ; however, at pre- fent it does not contain above 3^00 houfes, though it is of great importance, and the Tuiks are mafiers of it. The Tartars are (liort and fquat, with fwarthy complexions, pigs eyes, fquare and flat faces ; their hair is black, and as ftrong as horfe-hair, with very little beards. Their fliirts and drawers are cotton cloth, and over them they have cloaks of felt, or fheeps (kins. The women are too much like their hufbands to be hand- fome, however, the men ufualiy make ufe of the flaves which they fleal from the neigh- bours, z >.■ are continually roving from one place to another. The beft fort have tents, but the others are contented with their cloaks. When their horfes tire, they kill them, and cat their flefh. When thoy return from robbing, the Khan ha: » -e tithi» of all th<: booty, who is fo much under thi) difpofal of the Turks, that they depofe him at pleafure, and fet up another, and they generally oblif.e him to furnifh 50,000 meti when they take the field. The Ruflians ravaged this country in 1738, and 1739, ''"' they did not think it worth while to keep it. In exchange for the flaves they have rice„ ccfFee, raifins, dates, and claaihing. The country is naturally fruitful, and the pro- duce would be very great in any other hand;,, but the Tartars make no other ufe of iC (ban to feed their cattle. • Crisinoham Magna, a village in NorfoU'^^ 5 wiles %■. cf Swaflf! aro, with one fair^ C R O fair on Auguft 12, for horfes and toys. CaoATiA, a province of th« kingdom of Hungary, boanded on the N. by Sclavonia, on the £. by Bofnia, on the S. by Daimatia and the gulph of Venice, and on the W. by Carniola. The greated part belongs to the houfe of AuAria, and the inhabitants are good foldiers. CarleAad is the Mpttal town. * Croia, a town of Albania, in Turky in Europe, with a bithop's fee. The Turks have demolKhed the fortifications. It is feated near the euli^h of Venice, 17 miles N. E. of Durazzo, and 27 S. of Scutari. Lon. 19. 33. E. lat. 41. 46. N. Croise ''TE, a town of France, in Champagne near Chalons, where 8000 Englifh were defeated by its inhabitants, under Charles of Anjou, king of Naples. CROisiL,orCBoisic, a town of France, in Bretagne, five miles S. of Guerande, feated between the mouths of the rivers Loire and Vilaine. It was bombarded by Sir Edward Hawkc in December 1759- It it 45 miles W. by N. of Nantes, and 155 S. V7. of Paris Lon. 2. 25. W. lat. 47. 18. N. Cr OMAR TIE, a capital town of the (hire cfCromartie, in Scotland, feated on the German ocean, at the mouth of the frith of the fame name, iz miles N> E. of In- vernefs. Lon. 3. 41. W. lat. 57. 40. N. Cromer, a town of Norfolk, with a market on Saturdays, and a fair on Whit- Monday, for petry chapmen. It is feated near the fea- fide, and v/as foimerly more confiderable th?n it is at prefent, for it had two cl.urches, one of which, with feverai houfes, was fwaliowed up by the fea. The inhabitants ar* now chiefly fifhermen. It had formerly a good harbour, but it is now little ufed. The part of a church, which Aill remains, was built in the time of the Saxons, of curious fiinr, arM ''.e tower was raifed to a great heig'it j this indeed is all that ftands, and the other part of the ftrudlore b«in^,• decayed, Divine Service is performed once a fortnight in the f^eeple. The town has been walled round, fome re- mains of which are ftill to be feen ; but it at prefent confifts of only abcut 200 houfes, ft>igjrling here and theie, wi'.'iout form or order. It is 23 miles N. of Norwich, and 66 N. E. of London. Lon. i. ^5. W. lat. £1. 55. N. Cronach, a ftrong town of Germany, in the ciicle cf Franconia, and bifhoprick of Bamberp, with a ftrong citadel It is fubjeft to that bifliop, and is ix miles E, of Coberg, and 25 N. E. nf Bamberg, .|uon, J I. ao, S, lat. 50. 25. N, C R O CiONiKBVRc, a town of Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, and in the landgravare of HefTe-CafTel, with a ftrong caftle. It is feated at the foot of a high mountain, in a fertile foil, and is furrounded with a double wall. It is 10 miles N. of Franckfort on the Maine. Lon. 8. 15. E. lat. 50. 15. N. Cronenborc, a ftrong fertrefs of Den* mark, in the ifle of Zealand, at the en> trance of the SounJ, where the Danes take toll of fuch (hips as are bound for the BaU lick. It was very tidily furnifhed, but was pillaged by the Swedes in 1658, who took away the furniture, among which were ftatues of mafTy filver. It is built upon piles* Lon. 12. 30. £. lat 56. o. N. CROMstOT, a town and fortrefs of Ruf- fia, in a little ifland of the fame name, feat- ed at the w-.u: of the river Neva, near the entrance of the gulph of Finland, with a good haibour, which is the ftation of the Ruffian fleer, and where the great magazines of naval ftores, as well as docks and yards for building fhips, are. It it 12 miles W. of Peterfburg, Lon. 32. o. £. lat. 6o* o. N. Cronstat, a town of Tranfilvaniaf near the frontiers of Moldavia. It is 50 miles N. E. of Hermanftat, and it fubje£t to the houfe of Auftria. Lon. 25. o. E. lat. 47. o. N. * Crookhorn, a town of Somerfet- fhire, with a market on Saturdays, and one fair, on September 4, for horfes, bul- locks, linen- drapery, ctieefe, and toys* It is feated on a branch of the river Parret, on the confines of Dorfetfhire, and the market is good for corn, ftieep, and pro- vifions. It is 50 miles W. by S. of Salis- bury, 39 E. by N. cf Exeter, and 133 W, by S. of London. Lon. 3. 0. W. lat. 50. 50. N. CxosscN, a handfome town of Silefia, in Germany, and capital of a principality of the fame name. It is feated at the con- fluence of the rivers Bobar and Oder, in a fertile country, abounding in wine and fruits. The brit^gc over the Oder is forti- fied, and it is 27 miles S. E. of Franckfort on the Oder, and 35 N. W. of Glogaw. Lon. 15. 20. E. lat. 52. 5. N. * Cross-in-hand, a place in SufTex, where there are two fairs, on June 22, and November 19, for horned cattle and pedlars ware. Crotona, a town of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, feared en the gulph of Taranro, with a bifhop's fee, and a citadel. It is 15 miles S. E. of St. Severina. Lon. 17. a;. E, lat. 39, 10. N, Crotov, c u ^ GabTOT, a town of France. Ill Plardy, and in Ponthieu. The fortifications are tit- noUihed. It is feated at the mouth of the river Somtne, ii miles N. W. of Abbeville. Lon. I. 45. E. lac. 50. 15 N. * CiovY, a town of France, in Brie, io miles from Meaux, near Ferte-Miion. * CaowBORovGH, a village in Suflex, with one fair, on April 25, for horfes and korned cattle. * CaowcoMB, a village in Somerfet- Ihirc, 8 miles N. of Taunton, with two fairs, on the Arii Friday in May, and OAo- ber 31, tor cattle and drapery goods. Crowland, a town in Lincolnshire, with a market on Saturdays, but no fairs. ]t is feated in the Fenns, in a dirty foil, and had formerly an abbey of very great note. There is no coming at it but by narrow caufeways, which will not admit a cart. It has three Hrecs, T^parated from each other by water-courfes, whofe banks are fupported by piles, and fet with willow-trees. Their chief trade is in fi(h and fowl, which are here in great plenty ; that is, in the adjacent pools and marches. It is II miles N. of Peterborough, 36 S. of Boflon, and 88 N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 10. W. lar. ja. 40. N. * Crowl«, a village of Lincolnfliire, in the IHe of Axholm, 6 miles S W. of Our- Con, with two fairs, on the laft Monday in May, and November 22, for cattle, bemp, and flax. CxnvDON, a town in Surry, with a matket en Saturdays, and two fairs, on July 5, and Odlober 2, for horfes, bullocks, fheep and toys. Its fituation is low, near the rpring head of the river Wandel, and is, in a manner, fuirounded with hills. It is pretty large, and is chiefly noted for being the feat cf the archbifhop of Canterbury. It has a large handfome church, an hcfpital, and a free-fchool, It is 10 miles S. of London, Lon. o. 5. W. lat. 51. a*. N. * CaozET, a town of France, inForez, on the confines of Bourbonnois. * Crusey, a town of France, in Lower LanguetJoc, and in the oiocefe of Pons. * Cruzy, a 'own of France, in the Se- monois, and election of Tonnerre. Cuba, or Alcv-ua, a town of Portu- gal, in Atenvejo, 36 miles from Evora. Lon. II. 25. E. lat. 38. 20. N. Cuba, an iHand of N. America, at the entnnce of the gulph of Mexico, about 700 miles in length, and 87 in breadth. It was difcovced by Chriftopher Cnlumbus, in 149-1. The Spaniards are entirely mafters cf it, tV.ey having roc'ed out tlie snclen; inhabitants. The foil is not exiremely I C U L fertile, but there are ^aftuni fofficlent l» feed a great number ot beeves, (heep, and hogs, which were originally brought thither. There are feveral forts of mines in the mountains, and forefli full of game. Tlie produce is fu^ar-canes, ginger, cafHa, wild cinnamon, and very good tobacco, called by the Spaniards Cigarrost The hills run through the middle of the ifland from E. to W. but, near the coaft, the land is generally plain. Here are a great mainy rivulets, which run down from the hills to ifie tf. and S. but they have a very fhort courfe. The ?'\t is pretty temperate and wholefome, and here are the cedar>treesfo large, that canoes made of them will hold 50 men< between S;. Jago and St, Salvadore there is a valley fell of round Aones, which, upon occafion, might ferve for great guns } Havannah is the capital town, and is feated on the weftern fide of the ifle, next Florida. The Englilh landed on the S. W. fide of the iHand, in 1741, but the rainy feafon com* ing on, it prevented their doing any thing. The galleons that return annually to Spain rendezvous at Havannah. This ifland is >about I9C miles S. of Florida, 50 W. of Hifpaniola, and 75 N. of Jamaica. CoBACuA, an ifland of America, feated bewteen that of Magaretta and Terra Fir- ma, fubjedl to Spain. Lon. 63. o. W. lat. 10. 15. N. • CuBiEV, a village in Detbyfliire, 6 miles S. of Afliburn, with one fair, oti November 30, for fat hogs. CucKPiELD, a town of Suflex, with a market on Fridays,' and four fairs, viz. on November 25, for cattle and pedlars ware, on Whit-Tuefday, and September ag, for cattle and fl^eep, and on November 18, for cattle and pedlars ware. It is feated ia a dirty part of the country, and the mar- ket is but fmall. It is 13 miles N. W.of Lewes, and 41 S. by W. of London. Lon. o. 12. W. lat, 51. 5. N. CuENZA, a town of Spain, in NewCa- ftile, and in the territory of the Sierra, with a biflicp's fte. It was taken by lord Peter- borough in 1706, but retaken by the duke of Berwick. It is feated on the river Xu- car, 77 miles E. by S. of Madrid, and 80 E. by N. of Toledo. Lon. i. 45, W. lat. 40. 10. N, * CujAviA, a pre ncc of Poland, ly- ' ing aion^ the river Vjft-uia, on the confir.es of Pfudia, It con^ain^ two palatinars, named after tlie towns of Inolocl *w4 BieAia. The capital is U'adiilaw. CULEMHACH, or CULLEMBACH, t I town ot Gtrmany, in the circle cf Ft tn- , conia, .ind capital of the margravate of the 4 fame C U L Uw nunt, with a citadel, which It wall fortified, and i« called Bademburg. It ii felted on the river Maine, %% miiet $■ W. of Caberr, and 2; N. E. of Bamberg. Lon. II. ti, £ lar. 50. la. N. ♦ CuLiyr, a rtrong town of Africa, in the kingdom of Morocco, and in the province of Hea. It Aandi upon a Mgh fountain, difficult of accefi, and wai built in the year i$xo, • CuLiACAN, a town of Arnet «cii in Mexico, and capital of a province of the fame name. It is oppofite to the S. end of California, and is fubjefl to Spain. Lon. 13, 3;. W. lat. 14. o. N. • CvLLxroRD, or CoLLiroBD, a vil- |age in Devonlhire, two miles S. of Culli- ton, with one tair, on March 1, for cattle. CULLIMBURG, Or CtJLLBNBURO, a town of the Netherlandi, in Guelderland, fubje£l to the Dutch. It is feated en the river Letch, 10 miles N. of Bommel, and ^x S. E. of Utrecht. Lon 5. 8. E. lat. 51. 58.N. CuLLBN, a parliament town of Scot- land, feated on the fea-coatl of the county pf Banff, 40 miles W. of Aberdeen. Lon. o. It. W. lat. 57. 38. N. CuLLCNBACH, the marquifate of, in Germany, and in the ^circle of Franconia. It is boi^nded on the W, by the bilhoprick of Bamberg, on the S, by the territory pf Nuremberg, on tie E. by the palatinate of Bavaria, and by Bohemia, and on the I . by Voitland, part of the circle of Upper Saxony, it is fpll of forefts and high moi^ntaios, and is the fource of four large rivers. The principal town is Cullembach. Lon. If. 32. E. lat. 50. «6. N. ♦ CuLLUMrTQN, a town in Hcvonlhire, with a maijcet on Thuifdays, and two fairs, on May 1, and November, 30, for cattle. It is feated on a river, not far from che fea, 9nd if pretty a good tuwn, but the market U inconfiderable. It is ao miles S. E. of £xeter, and 1 50 W. by S. of London. Lon. 3. 15. W lat. 50. 40. N, CuLLODEN-tiousE is three milet E. of ^nvernefs, in Scotland, near which the king's forces, commanded by his royal Iiighncfs the duke of Cumberland, gained a complete vtAory over the rebels, on April 16, 1746, and fo put an end to the rebellion. CutM, a town of Poland, capital of a palatinate of the fame name, in Polilh Pruffia, with a biflno|>'s fee. It i$ feated •ear i e river Viftula, 7 ' n.il-s S. of Dant- Ztck, irA 30 N. W. of Ul iHiaaw. Lon. 8. 10. C U«. 53. 4. N. f Ci^i.N(«Ke, a town of Ireland, in the CUR county of Londonderry, in tht previnct «( Uirter, feated on the coad of Loughfoyle, f, miles N. of Londonderry. Lon. 7. 40. W. lat. 55. o. N. * CuLMSsi, a town of Poland, in ch« palatinate of Culm, and 5 miles from that town ) the bilhop generally rcfides here j ic is alfo to miles from Thorn. * CvLM STOCK, a village in Devonlhire* 5 miles S. of Wellington, with two fain* on May ai, and Oflober 1, for cattle. CvLROSs, a parliament'town of Scot* land, feated on the river Forth, in tha county of Monteith, 33 miles N. B. of Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 34. W. lat. 56. 8. If. * CuMANA, a town of S. America, in Terra Firma, and capital of a province •! the fame name. Lon. 63. 35. W. lat. a. 46. N. CuMBKatANV, a county of England, 75 miles in length, and Z7 in breadth, and is bounded on the N. by Scotland and part of Northumberland, on the W. by the Iriih fea, on the S. by Lancalhire, and on the E« by WeAmoreland, Durham, and Northum- berland. It contains 14810 houfet, 889*9 inhabitants, one city, 14 maiket-townc, 58 pari/hes, and fends 6 members to parlia* ment. The air is (harp and cold, and the land for the mod part hilly. It yields plen*y of fifli, flefli, and fowls, with abundance of large falmons. The principal mountains are, Skiddow, which is very high, front whence run a ridge of mountains, called the Fells, to the rooft northern part of the county} it is watered by feveral rivera* beftdes lakes and meers, and part of the PiAt wall runs through this county. In this county, near Kefwick, are mines of black lead, which is not the only ones in the world, are certainly the beft. Bcfidcs which, there are mines of coal, copper, and lapis calaminaiis. Carlifle it the piincipal town. CuNNTNCHAM, a Aire of Scotland, Iy« i ng on the river Clyde, oppofite to the ifle of Bute. , Cur. See KoR. Curasao, an ifland of America, to tfie N. of Terra Firma, and fubjeA to the Dutch, which is the only confidcrable ifland thfy have in the W. Indies. It ia about S5 miles in length, and ix in breadth, and it principal trade conlifts in fugar and flciat. From hence they carry en a fmugglinf; trrade to the Spaniih fettlements, and, f«r that purpofe, employ Ihips of force, that the Guarda Coftas are not able to cope with. The principal town is of the fame name, with a good harbour and a f«rtf an(l where the Jews have a f/najogtie. c u s - C«B>t«TAN. a country of Ada, featad. ^twatn tha Turkifh empire and ParfiaJ lying along tho taAarn coaft of tha riven Tigris, and comprehends great part of the' •nciant Aff/rla. Some of the inhabitants live in lowns and villages, and others rove from place to place, having tents like the wild Arabs, and are alfo robbers like them Their religion is partly Chriftian, and partly Mahometanifm, but they are very loofe in regard le either. * CoaiA MaaiA, an ifland of Afia, on the coaftof Arabia the Happy, over againft the month of the river Prim. Lon 3 s • a 5 • B. lat. 77> o. N. * CuRRBV-RiTAt, a village in Somer fetAirCf a mile W. of Langport, which liath one fair, on Monday after Auguft t, for cattle and Iheep. * CURSOLisas, a fmall ifland of Greece, in the gulph of Fatras, formerly called £chanades } there are but few inhabitants * CuaaoLA, an ifland in the gulph of Venice, lying on the coaft of Dalmatia : it is about to miles long, and has a fmall town of (he fame name, with a bifhop's fee. It belongs to the Venetians. Lon. 17. 15. £. lat. 43. 6. N. Cusco, a large and handfome town of S. America, in Peru, formerly the red- dence of the Incas. It is feated at the foot of a mountain, and is built in a fquare | form, in the middle ot which there is the beftmaikctinall America: fourLrge Areets terminate in this fquare, which are all as ftrait as a line, and regard the four quarters ef the world. T^e Spaniards tell us won- derful things of the richnefs of the Inca's palace, and of the temple of the fun j but more fober travellers, judging from what remains, think mod of them to be fabulous. At prefent it contains 8 large paiiAies, and 5 religious houfes, the beft of which be- longs to the Jefaits, and the number of the inhabitants may be about 50,000, of which three - fourths are the original natives, Americans. From this town there is a very long rc2d, which runs along the Corde- leint, and, at certain diftances, there are fmali houfes, for reding- places, feme parts of which are fo artificially wrought, that it is furprizing how a people, who had no iron tools, could perform fuch work- manAiip. There are ftreams of water run through the town, which are a great con- venience in fo hot a country, where it never rains. It ir, 375 miles E. of Lima. Lon. 74.. 37. W. lat. 13. o. S. • Cosset, a town of France, in Bcur- bonnois, and diocefe of Clermont, with a QBlebrated nunnery M^t the town. It is CUP 17 milea N. of Roan. Lon. t. t e. £. fat/ 4<. a. N. CosTaiN, a handfemrand flrongiown of Germany, in Upper Saxony, and in the New Marche of Brandenburg, with a hand« feme caftle. It is capital of the province, and la feated in a morafs, furrounded by two branches of the liver Oder. It is 17 milea N. E. of Franckfort, and 50 E. of Berlin. Lon. 15. o. E. lat. 5a. 34. N. CuYO, a part of Chili, in S. America, and in the government of Santa Cruz, of the Sierra. The principal commodities are, honey and wax. They are fo addiAed to war, that they have had a great many bloody battles with the Spaniards, and aie not yet entirely fubdued, thou fications. Famagauda is feated nezr .nef«^a, and has a good harbour, which carries on almoft all tt)e bufinefs of the idand. Baifa, formerly called Paphos, is a large place, and a trading town, but has no fortifica- tions. It is famous for a temple built to the honour of Venus. The foil is an ex* cellent, fertile clay, and, if the nativea were induftrious, they might make it a perfeA paradife, for, though there are no rivers, the defeA is fupplied with plenty of fprings. They are much infefted with locufts, and the inhabitants are obliged to tack bells to their boots to fright away the afps, the tarantulas, and other venemous reptiles. There is one kind of ferpent, about two yards long, and of a blackilh colour, with a fort of a coronet on its head, which it carries majeftically abour a foot high, as it waves aloi>g. The Grecian women are wantonly fuperb, and they are as great libertines as the old inhabitant!* The men will marry any women that have but money enough, though they have earned it by the fwcat of their bodies. This ifland brings in the Turks 1x50 I. an- nually, though the governor is changed every - ■*■ *kJ C Z E ' •very ysar. Trie judges are fa corrupt, | that they alArayi favour him who bids | higheth There ii one archbifhop and three bifhops, who join with the Turks to fleece the people. The priefls are extremely ig- norant, and they fubmit to the moft fcrvile employment to get money, . The exports of the iflanJ are £!ki, wool, umber, and wine } the imports are French and Vene- tian broad cloths, and fometimet a few bales of Englifli manufadV>ry, cutlery wares, toys, fugar, tin, lead, and aji forts of filks. But the people arc fo miferable poor, that there is no great confumption of any of thefe things. CzACKTHURN, a ftroHg place of Cer many, in Aullria, and on tlie frontiers of Hungary. It is feated between the rivers Drave and Muhir, 40 miles S E. of Gratz, and 100 S. of Vienna. Lon. 17. 19. £. lat. 46. 34. N. CzASLAir, a town of Bohemia, and capital of a circle of the fame name. Here is the higheft tower in all Bohemia, and it was near this place that the king of PrufTia gatned a battle over the Audrians in May 1741. It is feaed on the river Crudenka, 41 miles S. E. of Prague. Lon. 15. 33. E. lat. 49. 50. N. CzENSTOKow, a town of Poland in the palatinate of Cracovia, with a fort, in which they keep a rich treafure, called the treafure of the Virgin Mary. The pilgrims flock hither fo much, for the fake of a convent near ir, that is called the Loretto of Poland. It is feated on the river Warte, 50 miles N. by W. of Cracow, and 758. £■ of Breflaw. Lon. 19. 15. £. lat, 50. 48. N. CzERCASsi, a town of Poland, in the Ukrain, and in the palatinate of Kiow, with a caftle. It is feated near the river Nieper, 85 miles S. E. of Kiow, Lon. ^i. 5. E. lat. 49. o. N. CzERNic, a town of Carniola, in the circle of Auflria. It is remaikable for its lake> which is 15 miles in length, and 5 in breadth, and produ:e$ filh, game, . and corn every year ; for, when the waters fall from the mountains, it becomes full, and abounds with fl(h, and, after fome time, it finks into the earth, and then it is cuiti vated, and produces grafs and corn. It h probable there is fome gulph to which the f(h retire with the waters. Lon. 1 5. o. £. lat. 46. 12. N. CzERNiKou, a confiderable town of Mufcovy, and capital of a duchy of the fame name, with a caftle. It is feated on the river Dezna, 75 miles N. E. of Kiow. Ion. 31. 13. E.^t. 51. 20. N. DAG * CiiasKo, a town of Polanrf, In Mazovia, feated on the river VirtuU, 10 miles W. of Warfaw, Lon. ai. 31. E. lat* 5* 26. N. CzoNORODT, a town of Upper Hun« gary, and capital of a tciritc^ry of tlit fame name, at the confluence of the riveis Teilf* and Keies. It is 13 mile* N. of bagedint Lon. xo. 57. £. lac. 46. 50. N. i ^ D. pvABUL, a town of Afla, in the E.ifl *^ Indies, on the coaft of Malabar, and to the S. of the gulph of Camhaye, on a na- vigable river. It is not fo flouridiing now as it was formerly, its principal trade con- filling in pepper and fait. It either die!, or does belong to the Portuguefe, and is 160 miles N. ot Goa. Lon. 73. 55. E. lat. 17. 30. N. Daca, a town of Ada, in the kinfd.m of Bengal, and feated on the river Ganges. It is the largefl in Bengal, and its m;nu- fa^lure of cotton and filk is the bell and cheapefl. Provifions of all forts are ex- ceedingly cheap and plenty, and the in- habitants very numerous, but fo cowardly, that five or fix armed men will drive away a thoufand. Lon. 89. 10. £. lat. 24. o. N. Da CHAW, a town of Germany, in Bavaria, which is pretty large, well builr, and feated on a mountain. The elector has a p.'ilace here, with fine gardens, in a fweet air. It is feated on the. rrver Amber, 7 miles N. W. of Munich. Lon. 11. 30, E. lat. 48. 20. N. •Dachstkin, a town of Lower AI- face, in the b (hoprick of Strafburg, with a palace belonging to the bifhop of Sirafburg. It was taken by the Swedes 1633. Lon. 7. 45. E. lat. 48. 35. N. * Da DIVAN, a plain of Afia, in Perfia, and in Farfiftan, about 12 miles in circum- ference. It is covered with orange, citi on, an'l pomegranate trees It is betwten the towns of Shiras and Lar, and fometimes the Europeans from GombrOon come to take their pleafure here, in the hot feafon of the year. * Dapar, or Dor a r, a town of Afia, in Arabia the Happy, feated on a bay of the fame name, on the S. coaft. Lon. 55. 25. £, lat. 16. 30. N. * Daghestan, a province of Afia, bounded on the E. by the Cafpian fea, on the W. by the mountains of Cnticafus, on the N.by Circaffia, and on the S. by S! ir- Z van. ■> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // 1.0 1.25 ttAtU 12.5 lis ^^ ^^* >U ly 12.2 2f litt ■— ^U4 ft Wednefday before Auguft 14, for cattle. Dalmatia, a province of Europe; bounded on the N. by Bofnia, on the S. by the gulph of Venice, on the E. by Servia', and on the W. by Morlachia. Spalatro it the capital of that part belonging to th< Venetians } and Raguza, of a republic of that name ; the Turks have a third, whofe capital is Herzegovina. The air is whole- fome, and the foil fruitftil ; and it abounds in wine, corn, and oilt * Dalton, a town in Lancafhire, with a mark'Jt on Saturdays, and two fairs, on June 6, lor horned cattle, and on OAober ij, for horned cattle, horfes, and pedlars waies. It is feated on the fprtng head of a river, in a champaign country, not far from the fea ; and the ancient caftle is inade ufe of, to keep the records, and prifoners (or debt in the liberty of Fiirnes. It is to miles N. W. of Lancafler, and *57 N- N- W. of London. Lon. 3. o. W. lat. 54. 18. N. Dy\ M, a town of the United Provinces, io Groningen, feated on the river Damftcr, 1 miles from the fea, and 15 S. W. of Emb- den. Lon. 6. 48. E. lat. $3. 36. N. Dam, a town of Gfmany, in Pomera* nia, with fome fortifications, and fubjeA to PrufTia } feated on the river Oder, ^ miiet from Stetin. Lon. 15. 5. E. lat. 5]. 4. K. Daman, a maritime town of the Esft- Indies, at the entrance into the S. of the ■ ^ gulp!) of Cambaya ; divided by the liver it if lull 9f mountains, whicbi Daman into (fro p«rtS| called the Old an4 DAM the New. The air i« very good, and there is I haibour between the two towns drfend- cd by a fort. It is fubjeA to the Hortu- guefe, and the Great Mogul has attempted to take it feveral timet, but in vain. It is 50 milei S. of Surat, and too N. of Goa. Lon. 7z. 35. E. lat. xi. 5. N. * Dama«, a famaut and confiderable town of A fit, in Arabia the Happy. Lon. 49. 15. E. lat. 16. o. N. Da MAlcvs, now called Sham, a town of Syria, in Afiaiic Turky ; a very ancient place, and had once three walls, whicli are almoft entirety ruined j and of the fevci-al fuburbs wlujh it formerly had, there re- main! only one, which extends three miles in length from N. to W. The form of this town is an cxa£l fquare, each fide beiog a mile and a half long. The extraordinary beauty of this place it owing to feveral Areams, which run a-croft the plain of Damafcus, and water all the gardens, fup- ply the public fountains, and run intoeveiy houfe. The mod remarkable things are the caravanfaries, which confift of long galleries, fupported by marble pillars, and -furrounding a large fquare court. There is a mofque belonging to one, which is very handfome, and adorned on the infide with columns of curious marble. The ca(\ie is like a litde town, having its own ftrects •nd houfes, and the famous Damafcus l\eel was kept here in a magazine. The houfes of this place are built of wood, with their fronts backward, and within is a court. In the ftrcett there it nothing to be feen but walls without windows, and yet the infides are richly adorned. The mofquet are the bandfomefl buildings, of which there are about soo, whereof the moft Aa'ely was a Chriftian church. The only thing bEfides this, worth notice, is the (Irait Areet which runt aocrofs the city and fuburbs in a dir«:ct line J on each fide there are fhops, where all forts of rich merchandifet are fold. The gardens are alwayt extremely handfome; and they have feveral manufa^lures, among which that of fabres and knivei has been moA famous. It is an arcl)bif})op*s fee, and contains great numbers of Chii/lians and jewt In (hort, many would have it to have been the feat of paradife. It Hands on the river Barida, in a very fertile plain, lia miles S. of Antioch, and iix. N. of Jcrufalem. Lon. 47. i8. E. lat. 33 o. N. Da MB e A, a province of Africa, in AbylTmia, near a great lake of the fame name, not far from the liver Nile. It is fertile and watered by feveral river*. Some pretend the capital town is called Dambea ; but this is uncertain. PAftfCAiiTiN, a town of Cerirany, in DAN Pomerania, with a caftle. It bef«n|tfl f« the Swedes, and is featcd on the rivei% E. lat. 54. so. N. Damibtta, an ancient and celebrated town of Africa, in Cygpt, featcd at on« of tlie eaftern mouths of the river Nile, with a good haibcuir, and a Greek arch> bilhop's fee It is one of the ricl-cA places in Egypt, and fome ^ake it to be ths an«.ient Pelufium, but others will not allow it. It it 100 miles N. of Cairo, ia5 N. £. of Alexandria, and 78 E. of Kofctta. Lon. a8. so. E. lat 31. o. N. * Dakiiano, St. a town of Italy, in Montfcrrat, famous for a fiege it fuAained of three months in 155^;. The fortifica- tions are now demolilhed { and it is iS miLs W. by N. of Vercelli. Lon. 6. 3. E. lat. 45. 33 N. Damme, a Arong town of the Nether- lands, belonging to the houfe of Auftria j feated near the fea, 3 miles N. S. from Bruges, and 5 S. W. of Sluys. Lon. 1. 15. E. lat. $1. 14. N. Damvillieis, a town of France, in the duchy of Luxemberp, difmantled in 1673. It is feated en a mount in a marfhy country, 15 miles N. E. of Verdun, anjd 30 S. W. oi Luxemburg. Lon. 5. 33. E. lat. 49. S3. N. Damcala, or DoKCOtA, a town of Africa, in Nubia, featcd on the eaAern bank of the river Nile, on the declivity of a dry Tandy hill. The houfes are ill- built, and the Aieets half deferted, being filled with heaps of fand brought down by the waters from tl>e mountain. The caAle ia large and fpacinux, but not very Arong. It ia 150 miles N. of Sennar. Lon. 34. 35. E. lat. 15. 6. N. Danneberc, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and capital of a diAri£l of tlie fame name. It belongs to (he Elector of Hanover, and is feated on the river Tetze, near the Elbe; 40 milcB S. E. of Lunenburf>, and 75 N. by E. of Biunfwick. Lon. 11. 45. E. lat. 53. 18. N. Dantzick, one of the largeA, richeff, and ArongeA towns of Europe, capi'al of Regal PrufTia, and of Pomeralli in Poland ) with a famous harbour, abifiiop's fee, and an univerfity. It it encompafTed with a wall and fortifications of great extent. The houfes are well built of Aone or btick, fix or feven Aor ies high ; and the granaries, containing vaA quantities of corn and naval Aories, are Aill higher, to which the (hipa lie clofe, and take in their lading. The arfenal is well provided, and the exchange lis a handfome Aiudlure. It it reckoned Z a M DAN to cpntsin 400, oco inlithit^nf*, tlu.* ihr re dici) of the |jlii;tif, in t~ri(}, ahove •?o,oi>c pBifiini. TluTollrgc is provided with viry lointd prolcffoil. It ii f.iid to br tindei the prot dlion of Poland ; hut in 170(1, the Fnghih, Dutch and Ptuirians, entered ino an alli.ince for its proirrtnn In 17-^ i* was b.iuged and bombarded by the Ixiif fans, hcc4urc they would net .itknov* Ifi^e Au;',u(\tis III. for their king. King Stnri flavis was then in the tovvn, who finding; means to in.tl-c his efcipr, it furrendertd by capi ul-ili n in 1 73 |. It carries on a !;ri at trade, pirticnlatly in torn, timber, and na val lions, which .Tie chufly purchaftd by tl e I)u (.b. It is faid, ihar in one year tic, rca'ic tovn, governed by its own liws, and own mi. iHia c, and all extra mans. Itsirac^econfinsinoiland corn ; and it is fi'ated on a mountain. Lon. 8. 35. W. lat. 34. 20. N. *Darha, orDRAss, a large province of Africa, lying on a river of the fame nam;, in the dominions of the king of Mo- rcc.o. It abcundit in honey and excelltnt Jates. D A R I K N, a narrow iflhmut, or neck of land, which joins N. and S. America, hav- ing the N. Sea on one fide, and the S. Sea on the other. It is alfo the name of a pi o- vince in Terra Firma, which is not the richef\, but of the greatefl importance of any in the pofTcfTicn of the Spaniards ; for all the wealth of Peiu is brought hither, and thence imported into Europe. There are many high mountains ; and the low grounds are often overflowed with the great rains. In this iflhmus there are placet where the Spaniards have no dominion, particularly wl ere Mr. Wafer lived for fome time. Here tbe men go ftark- naked, and they have a filver plate faflened to their nofes, which hangs over their mouths, in tt:e Ihape cf a half moon. The women have a ring hanging down in the fame manner, which palTes through the bridle ef the D A R the nofe. Tt cy li.ive alfo fcveral neckl.Kes, or cliaint of treili, niiih, heads, and rde like, hanging down from ilic nc(k lo the pit of the (♦omach. Their houfcs are moniy ihin and fcitioied. and always by a river Tide, with pl.intationa lyinfi; about them. They are built with fmall ports fet upright, about feven feet high, which are hurdled with (ticks, and dauhcd over with earih. The men elearihe plantaiioni, and ihe wo men cultivate them. The girls n'c em ploicd in picking and fpinning cotton, which the women weave, and the cloths are chiefly ufcl for hammorks. It is the bufmefs of the men to make bafket^, wbich they do vtry neatly willi canes, reeds, or palmeto leaves dyed of feveral culouia. Eacli man lias fcveral wives, who live toge- ther in great liarinuny. They are greatly addiftcd to dancing to the found of a pipe and dium, and play a great many antic tricks like our tumblers. When they go out a-hnntipR, the women carry in their balkets plantains, bonanoes, yams, pota- toes, and caffj^a-roots ready roa(\ed. When they tiavel, they guide thentfelves by the fun ; and when it dues not (hine, by the wind. When tliey come to rivers, the- wo- men and children, as well as men, fwim over them. They have no diftindlion of days, or weeks, but reckon their time by the courfe of the moon. The animals, as well beads as birds, are the fame as in other countries of t!ie fame clima'e. Darking, a town of Surry, with a mar- ket on Thuifd.iys, and one fair, viz. on May 23, foi horfts, bullocks, fheep, and toys. It is fe-iteci on a branc'i c>f the liver Mole, not far from Dox, or White-Hill, where the river falls into the ground. On this hill there are great plenty of box-trees. The market is noted for corn and provi- flons, and more particularly for fowls. It is I z miles E, of Guilford, and 24 S W. of London. Lon. e. 20. W. lat. 51. 18. N. • Darlev-Fcash, a village in Derby- /hire, with two fairs, on May 13, and Oc- tober 27, for (heep and cattle. Darlington, a town in the county of Durham, with a maiketon Mondays, and four fairs, viz. on Barter-Monday Whit Monday, Mond.iy fortnight after .V hit- Monday, and November at, for cattle, horfes and fheep. It h featcd on a flat on the r' 'er Skerne, which falls into the Tees. It is a pre:ty large place, conflrting of feve- ral Areeti, and has a fpacious market- place. The market is wel} fupplied with corn, live cattle, and provifions. It is 19 milei S, of Durhwp, and a^j N, by W. of D A V London. I.on. 1. 15. W. lat. ^4. 30. N. Darmstadt, a town of Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, and capital cf the landgraviate of HefTe Darmfladt, with a handfome cartle, where its owa prince generally refidcs. There has been lately built feveral handfome houfet, and fuburbi i and there is likewife a good col- lege. It U featrd on a river of the fame name, 15 miles S. of Franckfort, and ]• N. W. of Heidelberg. Lon. 8. 40. E. iau 49. 50. N. DAKTroRn,a town in Kent, with a mar- ket on Saturdays, and one fair, viz. OA. July 22, for horfes and bullocks. It it featcd on the liver Darcnt, not far from its influx into the Thames, on the road to Ro- chcrter, and is accommodated with good inns. It is 7 miles W. of Gravefcnd, and * ^ E. by S, of London. Lon. o. 16. £. lau SI. J. 5. N. Dam iMovTH, afea-porttownofDevon> fliirc, with a market en Fridays, but nn faii-«. It is featcd on the dechvity of a liiU^ by tl.c river Dart, near its fall into the fea» and has a commodious harbour, it is a. well frequented and inhabited place, having a conftdcrablc trade by fea. It is a mayor- tovAn, taken out of feveral parifhei, and is large and \yell builr, containing 3 churclws | but the rtreets .are narrow and bad, though , they aie all paved. It has the title of an earldom, and fends two members to parlia-> mcnt. It is 31 miles S. S. W. of Exeter, and 198 W. by S. of London. Lon. 4. o* W. lat. 50, 25. N. . Da Rw ft NT, a liver which rifes in the Peak of Derbyfliire, ar>d running from N. to S. through that county, falls into the Trent. • DASsEN-FvtAtJD, or, TsiE Ists or. Dee*, is one of the three fmall illanHs 10, the N. of the Cape of Good Hope^ fo call- ed on account of the great number of deer which. were AiA carried thither in i6oi« Theru are alfo rtieep there, whofe tails weigh 1 9 pounds. Daventrv, or Daintry, a town oCi Norihamptonfhire, with a market on Wed- nefdays, and five fairs, on Barter-Monday, for horfes and horned cattle { on June 6, for hogs ^nd all forts of goods ; on Auguft 3, for horned cattle ; on OAober 2, for cattle, chcefe, and onions ; and on October-- 27, called Ram-fair, chiefly for (heep. It is feated on the (ide of a hill, and is a pretty handfome town on the great road to Cherter and Carlifle ; and the market is well fupplied with horfes, cattle, (heep, corn, and proviAons. It is i» miles W. oC Norhampton, anJ 73 N. W. of London. Lon. D AU ton. 1. 15. W. lat. 5a. It. N. David'i, Sr.an epifcopal town of ?em. brokefliire, in S. Wales j but has neither maiket nor fair, and is feared in a barren foil on the river Hen, not a mile from the fea-fltore. It was once a conAderable place, and had walls, which are now demolifhed} butitisfmall at prerent, and thinly inhabit- ed ) however, the cathedral is a pretty good Aru£)ure. From the cape, near this place, there is a profpeft into Ireland. It is 24 miles N. W. of Pembrokf, and 270 yf, by N. of London. Lon. 5 . so. W. lat. 5s. o. N. David's, St. a town and fort of Afia, in the peninfula on this fide the Ganges, end on the coaft of Coromandel. It is an ZngliOi faflory, and one of the flronf eft places they have in the Eaft-lndies. The fort Aands clofe to the river, and the terri- tory belong to it is 8 miles on the fea- fliore, and 4 within land. It produces good long-cloths, chints,callicoe8, and muf- lins. Each houfe has a garden, and there are plenty of black cattle, but fmall. The riven and fea abound with good fi(h. It is 80 miiesS.of Fnit St. George. Lon. 79. 55. E. br. II. 30. N. Davis's-Straits, an arm of the fea, between Greenland and North- America, difcovered by Davis in 158;, when he at- tempted to find a north-weft paflTage to China. * Da DMA, a town and kinitdom of A- ffica, in Negroland, whofe inhabitants are faid to be very rich. Lon. 14. 30. £. lat. 8. o. N. * Davh, a town of Germany, in the cleAorate of Treves, or Triers, feated on the river Lexer, at the foot of a mountain en which a caftl•^is built that commands it. It is IS miles N. of Montroyal. Da tr p N I N, an ifland fo called. See Ma- dagascar. Daophik-For t, belongingto the.French, and built by them on the E. coaft of the ifland of Madagafcar, in Africa. Lon. 45. so. E. lat. 24. 5$. S. Da a PH IN Y,a province of France, tai^nd- ed on the W. by the river Rhone, on the N. by the Rhone and Savoy, on th« S. by Provence, and on the E. by the Alps. Hence the prefumptive heir of France is called the Dauphin. In fome places it is very fertile, and produces corn, wine, olives, woad, copperas, ii k, cryftal, iron, and copper. But two thirds of this province is barren, and the inhabitants are obliged to go into other countries for fubfiftence. The mountains abound in fimples, and fame of all forts, and Itere are fir«trces DEB proper for mafts. The principal rivert are, the Rhone, the Durance, the Ifere, and the Drone. There are a great number of mi- neral fprings, and Gienoblc is the capital town. Dax, or Aca.s, an ancient town of France, in Gafcony, and capital o! Landes, with a bifhop's fee, and remarkable baths. It is feated on the river Adour, 25 miles N. E. of Bayonne, and 75 S. by W. of Bourdeaux. Lon. i.i.W.Ut. 43 41. N. DtAD- man's hi ad, acapr, orpointof land, near Tregony, in Cornwall, between St. Maws, and Fowcy. Dead Ssa, a lake of Afia, inPaleftine, into which the rivar Jordan runs. Some have pretended to fee the tops of the houfes of Sodom and Gormorrha in this Lake, but Maundrel aflures us it is a fable. It is ; tween the branches of the Nile and the Me- diterranean Sea : the ancients called it the ifle of Delta, becaufe it is in thefhape of a triangle, like the Greek letter of that name. It is about 1 3« miles along the coaft from Damietta to Alexandria, and 70 on the fides, from the place where the Nile begins to di- vide itfelf. It is the moft plentiful country of all Egypt* and it rains more here than in other parts, but the fertility is chiefly owing to the inundation of the river Nile. The principal towns on the coad are, Damietta, Rofetta, and Alexandria j but, within land, Menoufia and Maala, or El- mala. • DtMEtRiowiTz, a town of the Ruf- fian empire, in the duchy of Smolenfkau, feated on the river Ugra. Lon. 36. 25. E. lar. 51. 30. N. • DcMMiN, an ancientfown of Germa- ny, in the duchy of Stetio, fubjeft to Swe- den, and feated on the river Peen. Lon. 14. 45< E. lat. 54. 3. N. Dkmmer, or Demkk, a river of the JkuHrian Netherlands, which has its fource near Bilfen, to the W. of MaeAricht, in the territory of Liege, where it wafhes HalTeU, and then eptering Brabant, pafles to Died, Sicben, Ardhot, and Mechlin, after which it takes the name of Ruppel, ^nd fallii into the Schelde ovir againll Rup- pclmbnd, t DEN DtMONA, or the Val di Dimoi(A, ■ la'geiruitrul valley of Sicily, 100 miles its length, and 6» in bieadth ; McfTma is the principal town. * Dbmona, a fort of Italy, in Pied- mont, feated on the river Sture, 10 milea S.W.ofConi. Lon. 7. 26. E lat. 44. i8* N. * D I N A I N, a village of the Netherlands, in H^maulr, (cated on the river Schdde, re- markable for an abbey of canonefles, and for a vidlory gained by the duke of Villers, in I7rs. DaNBrcH, the capital town of Denbigh* (hire in N. Wales, with a market on Wed- nefdays, ard three fairs, on May 14, July 18, and September 25, for cattle and fmall pedlar's ware. It is feated on the fide of a rocky hill, on a branch of the river Ciuyd, and was formerly a place of great ftrength, with an impregnable caAle, now demolilh- ed. It is pretty large, well built, and in- habited by tanners and glovers, and has ths title of an eaildom. It fends one member to Parliament, and the market is good for corn, cattle, and provifions. It is 27 miles W. of Chefter, and 209 N. W. of London. Lon, 3. 30. W. lat. 53. 15. N. Denbighshire, a county of N.Wales, 39 miles in length, and 15 in breadth; bounded on the £. by Flintlhire and Shrop- fhire, on the W. by CarnarvonHiire, on the S. by Merionethfhire, and on the N. by the Irilh Sea. It contains 6400 houfes, 38,400 inhabitants, 57 pajifbes, and 4 market-towns. It has fome good padures, and feeds a great number of horned cattle, fheep, and goats. The air is good, but (harp, and the foil hilly, intermixed with fruitful valleys. Among the hills are dones called Druid- Aones, and fmall pillars, with infcriptions, which no one hitherto has been able to read. • Denburv, a villafre inDevonfliire, to the S. of Newton- buthel, with one fair, on September 8, for ciieefe and foap, Dendebmond, a handfome and ftrong town of the Auftrian Netherlands, in Flan- ders, with a Arong citadel. It was taken by the allies in 1706, and by the French, in 1745. It is furrounded by marlhes and fine meadows, which the inhabitants can lay under water when they pleafe. It is feated at the confluence of the rivers Den» der and Scheide, 15 miles S. W. of Ant- werp, and 15 W. of Mechlin. Lon. 4. 3* E. lat. 51. 3. N. Den I A, an ancient and (Irong town of Spain, in the kinj^dom of Valencia, with a commodious harbour. It is feated at the foot of a mountain, near the fea,' 45 iniles S. D E P B. of Valenc'n, and ^i N. by t. of All- c«nt. Lon. o. 33. E. h'. 31). 0. N. DcNM AR i;,a kini^domof ii!urnpe,b:un()< tA on the E. by tlie BalticK Sea, on the W. «nd N by the ocean, and on the S. by ficrmany. The country it generally flu, and (tie foil a barren fand. The a)r is ren- deicd fot;gT by the neighbourhood of the f^ai and lakes, of which it is full. Den- fnarlt, propeily focilled, confirts of Jutland nr.d the idands of Zealard and Funtn, with the little ides about them ; but tiiekiogof Denmark's dominions confain tlie k ngdom cf Norway, the duchies of Holdcin, Olden- hure, and Delmonhorfl. There is no con- fiderahle liver, and the winter continues 7 or 8 months. In the fummcr the heal is very confiderable, and ilic days are long. The commodities are corn, pulfe, but cliiefly Itorfcs, and large beeves. The kirpdom of I'enmirk was formerly eKflive, but fmce J 6 60 It was renrfered hereditary, even to thi- daughters, partly by confenf, and partly hy force } at which time the nobility lofl moft of their privileges. They have very few laws, and thofe are fo plain tliat they iiave little need of lawyers, for caufes are foon tried. They allow but of one apothe- cary in « town, except at Copenhagen, where there are two. Tlieir fhops are vtfited by the phyficians once a-week, and all the perifhed drugs are de(\royed. The inhabitants are proteftan's fmce the year 15x2, when they embraced theconfefTion of Au bers to -'.(lament. In 1734 there was a machine t!;ded hereby SirThomasLombe, for the maiiufa£luring of filk, the model of which he brought from Italy. The town is governe>'° by a mayor, 9 aldermen, and other officers, but it is a place of no greaC tra !e, except in corn. The rebels came as f^r as this town in 1745, and then return- ed ba'.k into Scotland, ^t i» 36 miles N. of Coventry, and 112 N. W. by N. of Lon- don. The town is well paved, and adorn* ed with many handfome buildings. Lon« t 2<;. W. lat. 52. 57. N. • DeRB YsHin E, an Englifh county, 54 mites in length, and 24 in breadth, bound- ed on the E, hy Nottinghamfhire, on the S* by LeiceHerfhire,on the W.by Staffordfhirc, and on the NT. by VjorU/hire. It contains ai,i4o houfes, 136,900 inhabicants, 106 parifhes, and 11 maiket-towns. Tije air in K'-ncral is pretty good and temperate, except among liis mountains of the Peak, A a whert D E T ^liere it U fharp and cold. The N. and ' Yf, pans are liilly and Aony, bui in (he S. there is fome very rith hnd. The prcduce it lead, iron, coaii, and mill Aonei, btlidet what it common to other couniiei. The peak-country it taken no' ice of for feveral cavci and holci, commonly called the Won> dert of (he Peak^ of which notice will be taken in their proper place. The prinripal rivers arc the Ticnt, the Dove, and the Dcr- went. In fonie p.'^rti (hey ha' e a manufac tory of knit-llockings. DtaiHAM, a town of Norfolk, with a market on Fiidays, and two fairs, on Feb- ruary 3, and September 18, forcattleand toys. It is pretty large, and the market ib noted for woollen-yarn. It is 11 miles W. of Norwich, and 86 N. N. E. «f London. Lon. t. o. £. lat. 5s. 40. N. * Dereotc, or Dbiroutk, a town of Afiica, in Egypt, and in the ifle formed by the canal wiiic^i runs from Cairo to Kofetta, where theie is a magnificent temple Lon. 31. 5;. E. lat. 30. 40. N. * Derf, a town of Livonia, and capital of a palitinate of the fame name, with a bilhop's fee, and an unikerfity. It is Tub* j«£l to the Rutrmns, and lies near the river Ambeck. 50 miles N. W. of Plefco. Lon. 31. 55. E. lat. 30. 40. N. Derwcnt, a river that fifes in Derby- ihire, runs b" Derby, and falls into the Trent n-ar Nottingham. There is an- other river of the fame name, which rifes in the North riding of Yorkflnre, and run- ning S. falls into the Oufe. DzRWENT*wATKR,a rivcr in Cumber- land, which runs from the S. W. to the N. Vf. and forming feveral lakes in its paflTage, falls into the IriOi Sea, below Cocker- inouth. Desk A PA, one of the Caribbee Iflands, in America It is 19 miles long, and 5 broad, and belongs to the French. It is generally the firft land that is made in fail- injr to the W. indies. Dkscaoa, or Capb Dbsirk, the moft Weflerly point of the Straits of Magellan, in America, at t!ie entiance of tlfrs], with an univcrfity. It is fur- lounded with Hrong walls, flanked with feveial lowers, and with ditches full of water. It is ftated en the river IfTcl, 55 miles E. of Amdcrdam, and 42 W. of Ben* them. Lon. 3. 8. E. lat. 52. 18. N. Devises, a town in Wiltfliire, with a market on Thutfdays, and 6 fairs, on Feb- ruary 1 3 for cattle, and Holy Thurfday for cattle, horfcs, and fheep, on June 1 3 for horfes, on July 5 for wOol, on OAober i, for fheep, and on OAober 20, for fheep and hogs. It is feated on a hill, and formerly was a place of great note, is at prefent pretty large, and fends two members to parliament. It is 24 miles N. W. of Sa- lifbury, and 89 W. of London. Lon. a. 6. W. lat. 51. 25. N. * Devonshikb, an Englifh county, 73 miles in length, and $3 in breadth, hound* ed by the Iiilh Sea on (he N. by Somerfet- (hire and Dorfetfhire on the E. by tha Englifh channel on the S. and by Cornv^all on the W. It contains 56,310 houfes, 337,860 inhabitants, 394 pariflies, and 3S maiket-tuwns. The air is pretty tempe- rate in the valleys, but fharp and cold on the hills. It has mines of tin, copper, and other metals. The fea-coafts abound in herrings, pilchards, and other fait- water tifh. The hills aie barren, but the lower, grounds are fruitful, when manured. Be- fides the common produflions, it is noted for cyder and perry. The chief rivers aie, the Ex, the Touridge, the Tame, and the Taw. Deux Ponts, a hantlfome town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, and capital of a duchy of the ^ame name. It is feated on tlte rivcr £tb«ch, 45 N. by D I E W, of StrufburfTi and j» S. W. of Menti. Lon. 7, 31. E. lat. 4r to. N. The duchy it bounded by Lorrain on the W, hy Alface on (he S. and on the E. and N. by the Pala- ttnaieand county of Sarbruck. • Dbwibury, a villige in the W, rid- ing of Yorkfhire, 8 miles S. W. of Leeds, with two fairs, on VVednefitay before ^!ay ts, and on V%edncrViy before Ofloher 10, iorhoncd canleand Iheep. DevN^r, a town of the AuHrian Nctlier- lanHs, in Fl.indcr;, fcitcd on the river Lis, 9 miles S, W. of Ghent. Lon. 3. 3c. E. lat. $1. o. DiAS BiCK,orDtAaBr)(KR,aprov;nce of Turlcy, in A(n, lying bttwe-n the rivers Ty(trit and Euphrates. It it bounded on the N. by Turkomania, on the E. by Perfia, on the Sk by Irac- Arabi, and on the W. by Syria. It was known to the ancients by tho name of Mefopotamia. D I A I B B R A I , a lar ee and ancient town of Tutky, in Afia, cipi al of a province of the fame name. It is feated in a very fer- tile plain on the river Typris, and tlic Turks aie more affabk here tlian in other places, with regard to tlic Chriftians, who »»e above 20, ceo in numbf r. They carry on a preat irai'e in red Tmky Icat!)'.'r, and cotton clotli of the fame ci'lour. It is 162 miles N. W. of Aleppo, and 130N. W. of Moful. Lon. 39. o. E. lat. 36. 58. N. Di B, a town of France, in Dauphiny, and eapiralof the Diois, with a biftiop's fee. It is feated or» the river Drome, 21 miles S.E. of Valence, and 30 S. W. of Grenoble. Lon. 5. 33. E. lat. 44. 44. N. • DrE, St. a town of Lorrain, with a celebrated chapter, whofe canons muU prove their nobility. It is feated on the river Meutre, 3 miles E. of Luncville. Lon. 7. 10. E. lat. 4S. 10. N. Di EC K M, a town of the Auftrian Nether- lands, in the province of Prabant, j miles N. of BrulFels. Lon. 4. ao. E. lat. 51. o. N. ^ DiEPHOLTi a town of Germany, in the circle of Wcftphalia, and capital of a county cf the fame name, fubjeft to the eleAor of Hanover. It is feated at the N. end of Dummer-lake, 30 miles N. W. cf Mindcn, and 35 S. of Bremen, Lon, 8. 35. E. lat. DtBFPB, a handfome fea-port town of France, in Upper Normandy, in the terri- tory of Caux, with a good harbour, an old caftle, and two handfome moles. The parifh. church of St. James is a very fine ilruAure, and there is a lower from which, in fine weather, the coaft of England may fce feen, Tiic prir.cip»l trade conAA* in DIG herrings, whitinpts, mackerel, ivory, toyi, and laces, it was bomb«rde lifh in 1694, anfi is not now fo confi^er- able .ii it was formerly. It it feafid at the mouth of (he river A ques, 30 milrs N. of Koucn, and 25 N. W. of Paiii. Lcn. 1. 9. E l4t. 49. 5;. N, • Dii'.'.rMiorrN, a large, rich, and handfome town of SwilTcrland, in the can- ton of SchafThaufcn. It has the fame pii- vilepe* as the other towns of this canton, and embraced the reformation in 1519. ft is 5 milct S.of SJaffhaufcn. Lon. 8. 50. E. lat. 47. 4s N. Di » s T^ a town of the Aufti ian Nciher« lands, in Brabant, not fo crnfiderab!e as formerly. It was taken by the duke of Marlborcufih in 1705, but the French re- took it, and drmolifhed the fortifications. It li feated on the river Demf r, 1 5 miles N. E. of Louvain, and 10 N. E. of Tillcmont. Lon 4. o. E. lat. 50. 59. N. Di iTz, atownof Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, and in Wetteravia, ca- pital of a county of the f^me name, with a Itrong cafile. It is fohje^> to the piince of NafTiu-Dilkmberg, and is feated on the river Loan, i 5 miles E. of Coblenlz, and 25 N. of Meniz. Lon. 7. o. E. lat. 50. 2Z» N. • DiF.u, an ifland of Frince, on the coaft of Poitou. • DirvsK, a town of France, in Lorrain, lemarkable for its fait- pits, where they make a grest deal of fait. It is feated on &9 river Seille, 5 miles E. of Marfai, and 22 N. W. of Nanci. Lun. 6. 45. E. lat. 48, 50. N. • Dion AN, a handfome town of Italy, in Iftria, 3 miles from the fea, and fubjeft to the Venetians. Lon. 13. 5. E. lat. 45* 10. N. DioNB, a town of France, in Provence, with a bifhop's fee. It is famous for the baths that are near it, and is feated on the riyer Marderic, 30 miles S. by E. of Em- brun, and 17 S. E.of Sifteron. Lon. 5. 27. E. lat. 44. 5. N. DiGON, an ancient, handfome, rich, and very confiderable town of France, capital of Burgundy, and of the Digonois, with a par- liament, a bilhop'8 fee, a mint, an univer- fity, an academy of fcierces, an abbey, and a citadel : mort part of the churches and public ftru^tures arc very beautiful, and in one of the fquares there is an cqueflrian flatue of Lewis XlV. It is feated in a very pleafant plain, which produces excellent wine, between two fmall rivers, 48 miles N. Eof Autun, and looN, ^f Ldroni. Lon. 5. 7.E. lat. 47, 19. N, Li D I N Dir LiMiuta, a town of Cermany, in Weiferavi.i, an<*c3j)if*l of a county ol the fame nainf. It is fubjcA lo .1 I'liiitc ol the houCc ii' NafTiu, and it at mili« N. W. of Marpir,;, ani 50 E. oi'Bc• •4. E. ht. jo 45. N. DiiLiNOCN, a town of Oerminy, in tlic, circle uf Suibia, witl^ an univerrtty, and whtr;; txc hlHiop uf Au^Hjjrg tcrhl*»«. Ic ii I'.ateJ near tlie Dinubc, 15 nultri N. K- of ni)'f{aw, and 17 N. E. uf Au^iburg, Lon. II- ^S' E lat. 48. 18. N. * I) It TON Ma«ih, a town in Wiltfliirt, 3 milc» N. of Warniinller, with two fairs, on Eafler^Monday, and Scptenib.T 13, for cattle, horfcs, andcheefe. * DiMOTuc, a town of Romania, in European Tuiky, with a Greek archbini^-p's fee. Jt iit fcatcd on a mountain, fuiruiind- ed by the river Meriza, ii miles S. W, of Adrianople, and 25 N.of Traganopie. Lon. a6. 2^, E. ia^ 41. 38. N. Din AN, a Arong andconfideraMe town In Brittany, feated on the river Kance, 1 5 iniira S. of St. Maloe's, and 30 N. W. of ilennei. Lon. %. 8, W. lac, 4S. 17. N. Din ANT, a rich and ftrong town of the He'hc'l'^ndt, in the bithoprick of Liege with a cnllle. It is fcated near the rivtr Mcufe, 12 inilc} S. ul Nj>nur, and 40 W. of Lie^c. L-^n 4 59. E ht 50 15. N. DiNASMONnv, a 'own pf Merioneth- IhirCf in N Wales, with a market on Fri- days, and 4 fairs, on J me 2, September 10. Oi^obar I, and November 19, foi Hieep, home I tattle, and norfes. It is 18 miles S nt Bub, 8 E. by S, of Doeigelly, and 176 N W. of London. Loo. 4. 35. W- Ut. 53. 37. N. * Dij^rcKKLsrit, a free and imperial town of Germany, in Suabia, feated on the river Wernitz. Ic has a great and a little council i the foimer is a mixture of Papifls and Lutherans, but the lirtle one are all raj'ifts. It carries on a ccnfiJerable trade in cloth and reaping-hooks, and is 40 miles N.W.ofNewburz.and 37 S. W.ofNurera- buri;. Lon. u. 30. E. lac. 49: 2 N. DiNGELFiNG, a town of Germany, in Lower Bavaiia, feated on clic river Ifer, 20 miles E. of L^ndlhuc. L>on. la 40. £, lat. 48. 3c. N. D1NG1 K, a fea-port town of^Ireland, in the county of Derry, and province of Mun- fter, fe^teif on Dingle-bay, ahout.4 miles W of Limerick.. Lon. 8. 16. W. lat. 52. o. N. DiNowet, a parliamenc town of Scot- land, in the fhire of Rofs, feated on tlie Friili of Giomarty, 15 mil?s W,.or the D 1 V town of Cromarty. Lon. 4. 15. W. lat. 57. A'i' N. • 1^ on, .1 fetiitory of France, in Dju» p'liny, between Oilivauitan, (.'^pcnz 'it, ard Vilfoiinoii. Die is the capital town. • DiRoiiAw, a town oMiermany, in (''tiHia, and m tlie palatinate ot Culm, f.ac- ed on the ii>er V'lilula, 10 mikafrom Ma< licnburg, and 17 from Danizick. Loo. 19. 25. E litt. S4. ^. N. • Dis, a to^vnoi Not folk, wtthamaikrt on Frid,i)i, and one fail, on Novcnil>er 9, lor cattle 4nd toys. It Is fcaitd on the livtr W.tvenay, on ti e l:ds of a hill, and tha maiket it fupt lied with cloth, yarn, and provilions. li ii a near, flouri^img town, Willi one large cliurch, a I'rttbyttrian and .1 Quakers nuciing. It has about 600 good lioufcM, the llreets are well paved, pietty widf, and always clean. At \\k W. end of tlie town is a large meer, or laki, hut fo muddy, that the inhabitantt can m^ke no other ufe of it hut in catching of relt. In the town is carried on manuladloiies offatl< cloth, hofe. and the making cf flays. It is I 9 miles S. of Noi wkh, and 94 N. N. £. of London. Lon. i. 16. E.lar. i-,i.25 N. • DiTCHi. EV, a village in SufTtX, for- merly a maiket town, 6 miles N. W. of Lewes, with two fairs, on Apiil s.forflieep and liogs, and Oi^obcr 12, tor pedlaia ware. DiTiiMARSZK, a territory in the duchy of Holbein, partly in Denmrnk, and partly belonging to the duchy of HoUtein-Got- torp. Diu, a Along town of Afia, in India, and in the kingdom of Guzarat, feated in an ifland of the fame name. It is pretty large, and fortiticd by a high (\one-wali, with bai\ions at convenient diflances, and well furnifhed with cannoti. The harbour is fecured by two calUcs, one of which is made ufe of for powder and other warlike flores. It vv'as one of the beA places in thefe parts, the Ai udlures being built of free Aone and marble. It contains five or fix finec'iurches, wellembelliihed within, with imapcs and painting, built by the Portu- guefe ; but it is much decayed from what rt was, not one fourth part of it being inha* bited. In 1670 it was taken by the Arabs, who plundered .ill the churches and other places of the riches, but were driven away with the lofs of 1000 men. There it not now above zco Portuguefe inhabitants, for the refl ate Banyans^ who may amount to 40,000. If this town was in good hands, u would be the bei> place for trade on all the coaA. Lon. 6S. 55 £. lat. 21. 4$. N. * PiVANsuaou^thenameoffiveiflanda DOE In Afli, netr the MsMivei. Thejr betnntt to i^e kirtK of Ciiianor, and carr> a conll- dcrablo trade. • IJi VI, a river of France in Normal Hy, which rife* below GaiFi, anH falli into tie fca after a courfe of 30 milet. • Diyt, a river of France, in Poitou, that falU into tlie Viennc. DiuL, a Tea-port town of Afla, in th> province of Tata, or Sinda, 50 mile* W. of (he city of Titta. It wai ceded to Kouli Khan by the Great Mogul, when he was taken prifuner at L)elli> Lon. 6S. 4J. E. lat. 16. II. N. DiiMunt, a fortified towntof the Au- Urian Netherlands, in Flanders, feate^l in a pleafant country, on the river Iperlee, 10 miles N. W of Ipre^, and 19 K.of Dunkiik. Lon. 1. 55. E. lat. 51 1. N. Dm IT, St. a conOderable town of France, in Champaign, feated on the river Marne, where it begins to b« navigable for boats, I 5 miltfs E. of Vitri. The road be- tween thcfe two towns is the fine(\ in Eu> rope. It in I z miles E. of Oar le clue. Lon. J. o. E. lat. 48. 3;. N. DoBiLiN, a town of Poland, in the duchy of Courland, 40 miles W. of Mittau. Lon. 13. 28. E. lat. 57. o. N. • Dqbrzin, a territory of Poland, in Mazovia, which lies between Pruflia, Cu jivia, and the palatinate of Plockzo; it is divided into three pnrts, that take their names from three towns, namely, Dobrzin, Rippina, and Libnia. DoBKziN, a town of Poland, in Mazo- via, capital of a territory of the fame name, feated on a rock near the river Viflula, or WeifTel, la miles N. W. of PI fcow, and IX E. of Vadiflau. Lon. ao. o. E. lat. 52. 38. N. DocKUM, a confiderable town «( the United Netherlands, in Fiiefland ; feated in a fertile foil, at t'e mouth of the river Avers, 10 milesN.E. of Lewarden, and 12 N. W. of Groningen. Lon. 5. 43. E. lat. 53. 18. N. • Do I, a town of Prance, in Arijou, re- markable for its ancient palace, of which the ruin* are nill to be feen, for its fairs, and for its handfome fountains It is 10 miles from the river Loire. Lon. o. 25. W. lat. 47. i». N. Do XL, a town of Dutch Brabant, on the W, fide of the Schelde, oppofite to Lillo, 9 miles N. W. of Antwerp. Lon. 4. 5. E. lat. 51. 20. N. DoasBURC, a town of the United Pro- vinces, in Zutphen, feated on the river IfTel, 10 miles S., of Zutphen. Lon. 5. 7. E. lat. 4a. 3N. DOM DoraiKi • MovNTAiNt, or Doraf* rir. LP, are thofe which dividt SwtdcA from Norway, U>)(iAi>o, a province of Italy, in th« ter« ritoiy of Venice, bounded on the E. by tho (;ulp*i of Venice, on the .S. by Poleftno, oA the W. by Paduano, and on the N. bf Trevifana. It lies only on the fea-coaft, and comprehends a great number of fmall iflands near it, called The Laoi;nis or Venici. DoL, a town of'France, in Upper Brit* t.iny, with a biihop's f;.e{ feated 5 milei from the fea. In a foil abounding in hemp, corn, and api>lcs, of which they make cyder, trmilesS.E.ofSt. Maloe's, and y<. N.W, of Rennes. Lrn. 1. 41. W. lat 48. 33. • Dji ci-A(>.UA, a town of Piedmont* capital of a marqu fa e of the fame namei with a caflle. It is feated on the tiver Ner- via, in a country producing ^ood wine and oil, ^ miles N. of Viniimiglia. Lon. 4. 40. E. Lat. 43. ;«. N. DoLCir.NO, a flrongtownof Turky in Europe, and in Upper Albania, with a bifh'^p's fee, a good liaihour, and a ftrong citadel ; feated on the river Drin, 10 milet S. of Antivaii, and 20 S. W. of Scutari. Lon. 19. 17. E. lat, 41. 54. Do LB, a town of Franc*; in the Franche Comte, feated on the river Doux, in a plea- fant and fertile country, 25 miles S. W.of Befanzon, and 70 N. W. of Geneva. Lon. 5. 35. E. lat. 47. 6. N. DoLBGBtLY,a town of Merioneththire, N. Wales, with a maiket on Tucflavs, and fix fairs, on May 1 1, July 4, September 20, Ofiober 9, November 22, and December i6» for fheep, cattle, and horfes. It is feated on the river Avon, in a valefo called, and at the foot of the great rock Cader Ui\%, which is extremely hif^h. It has a good manufaflure of Welch cotton, is 3; miles N. W. of Montgomery, and 1S7 N. W. of London. Lon 4. o. W. lat. ca. 50. N. Dollart-Bav, a large gulph, which feparates Eaft-Fritfland in Germanj, from Groningen, and one of the United Pro« vinces. Dolt A BAD, a town of Afia, in India, and in the dominions of the Great Mogul, with « fort. Lon. 76. 55. E. lat. 18.40. N. * Do L TON, a village in Devonfhlre, fix milea S. by E. of Torrington, with iwo fairs, on Wednefd.iy btfore March 25, and November 20, for cattle. * DoMAZLizK, a' town of Bohemis, feated on the rivui.et of Cadbi^rz, in the circle of Pilfen, 17 miles S. of Filfen, and it remarkable fpr » b.^ttle fought between the Cru- DOM CniCMles and the HuOites in 1466, to t^e great difadvaniageof the former. It wat taken foy the Swedes in i 54 1 • DoMBs, a territoiy of France, in the duchy of Burgundy, with the tide of a principality. It is about 2 a milei in length, and aimoft at much in breadth. It is bounded on the E. by Bre.Te,on the N. by Macanois, on the W. by Beaugoiois, and on the S. by-L(cnnots. It is a fertile pleafant country; and Trevoiix is tlie capital town. Dome A, a great river of Tonquin, in Aftit rometimes called Chaulc, upon which the capital town Cav!>ao Aanris. It rifcs in C!iina, in the province of Yur^an, and lunnirg S. ihrnut^h the kingdom of Tonquin, difctiaigts itfelf into Cochin- china, in Ion. 123. 35. and lac. zi. o. * DoMFRON r, a town of France, in Norfnanciy, will* th;^ title of a county, fcat- cd on a mountain, 35 miles N. W. of Alenzon, and 140 W. of I'aris. Lon. o. 37. W. Jat. 48. 54. N. * Domingo, St. an iflsnd of America, and one of the richeit of the Cacibbees, be- ing about 400 miles in length, and 75 in breadth. It was dilcovtitd by Chriliopher Columbus in 1592, and is almoA furround- ed with cragp) rocks and dangerous (hoals. The heat to the N and S. E. would be in- fuppor.abiu for lix mcnibs of the year, if not qualified wiili the ealUrly winds, and frequent rains : but the latrer Toon fpoil the flefh, bread, and fruits. It has a great many rivers, and mines of gold, talc, and cryfial. The Spanifli name of it is Hifpa- niolaj and is inhabited partly by tbe French, and partly Ijy the Sjianiands. DoMiNfio, St. a handfome town of America, and capital of Hjfpaniola, or St. Domingo, with an archbu1)op*s fee, whofe cathedral is a fupcrb ftru£lure. It belongs to the Spaniard!:, and is feaied on a large navigable river, and very difBcult of accefs. It is the fcnt of the governor of the ifland, and has an excellent harboiir. Lon. 69. i j, W. lat. 10. ao. N. Dominica, an idand of America, and ©ne of the Caribbees. It is very little cuiti- vaied, tho' the mcfl numerous inhabitants are the native Caribbees. It is 32 miles in length, and 12 in breadth. Lon. 61. 55. to 61. W. lat. 15. to 15. 30. r. . Dq.mitz, a^fcng town ofXjermany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and duchy of Mecklenburg, wih a ftrong fort. It is fea'ed at the corfloence of the rivers Elb and Elvc, 2 5 miks .S, of Swerin, and la N. of Ranntburg. Lon. 11. 41. E. lat. 53. »5. N. jj • PcMMK, a town of France, in Peri- DON gord, feated on a mountain, near the rivtr UordoKne. Lon. 1. 19. E. lat. 45. 58. N. * Domo-d'Oscela, a town if Italy, in the duchy of Milan, and in the county of Anghiera, to the S of the lake Maggiore, It is feated on the fniali river Tofa, at the foot of the Alps, and has a calile. * DoMp AIR E, an ancient town of Lor> tain, where the I'.ings of Auiir.-)lia, and the dukes 01 Lorrain, had iheir rtfidence. It is now redu:ed to almc (t a village. * DoMR t MY, furnained La PucEti.K, a village of Fiance, in B^riois leniaikable for the biith of the famous Joan of Arc, known by the name of the Maid of Orleans. It is feated on the river Maefe, or Meufe, ^ miles from Neuf-Cha« teau, and 8 from Veau Cmilsurs. DjN, o't of lite pr.rcip;il rL>ers in Eu« loj-e, which fcpatates i' from Afia. Ir fifes in tlie piovintc ol" Rezar., in Mcfcnvj', and pairing by a great numhc of towns, fall* into the Palus N'eotls. In that (;ait which is near the rivei Woii;.i, Fi:tei liic Great at- tempted to tut a i.inal between tlie two riven, but did not finifli i. : it would hava be;n of great ufc. had i -. cori;inued mafler of Azoph, for then he might have fent vefTels into the Black Sea, not only down that river, but by the Wclga. Don a t, St . a forti ef» in Dutch Flanders, a little to the W. of Sluys, which it com> niands, Don A WERT, a ftiong town of Ger. many, on the frontiers of Suabia, and fuh- }t€t to the duke of Bavaria. It is f«ated on the N. fide of the Danube, over which there was a bridge that was burnt by the French in 1743. Ir is 25 milis N. of Augfburg, and 37 N. E. of Ulm. Lon. 1 1. 55. E. lat. 43.46. N. DoNCASTER, a town in the Weft riding of Yorkshire, witii a market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on April 5, and Auguft 5, for cattle and pedlars waie. It had its name from the river Don, on which it ia feated, and a caftle now in tuins. It is a large, well- built corporation-town, and has good manufactures in ftockings, knit- wairtcoais, and gloves, and the market is good for cattle, corn, and prcvifions. It Is 37 miles S. of York, and 155 N. by W. of London. Lon. i. o. W. lat. 53-37«N, * Don KG At, a county of Ireland, whicl)^ is 6S miles in length, and 44 in breadth; bounded on the E. by London- derry and Tirone, en the W. and N. by the O^ean.and on the S. by Fermanagh, and the bay of Donegal. It contains 10,789 houfes, 40 parifhes, 5 baronies, ; borcugbs, and fends la menribers to pailiament. Itis.in general^ lat DOR general, a chimpain country, and abou ^ds with harbours; the principal town is ot ihe fame name. •DoNCHEBT, a bandrone tovn of France, ia Champagne, feated on th: river Meufe, 3 miles from Sedan. Lon. 5. 0. E. lat. 49. 4a. N. • Don GO, a kingdom of Africa, !n Abyf- finia, towards Ant^ola, which is little known to Europeans. UoNzy, a town of France, in Orleannois, and in the territory of Nivernois. It is xa miles N. of Nevers. Lon. 3. o. £. lat. 47. az. N. Dor AT, a town of France, in Orlean- nois, and in the Marche, feated on the river Save, 2; miles N. of Limoges. Lon. i. f i. t. lat. 4%. 10. N. DoRCHESTXR, the capital town of Dor- fetdiire, with a market on Sarurdays, and four fairs, on February 12, for cattle and flieepj on Trinity. Monday, and July 5^ for cattle, (heep, and lamb» ; and on Augud 5, for cattle, flieffp, wool, and leather. It is a town ef great antiquity, and was much large than it is at prefent, tl)e ruins of the walls beinj; Aill to be feen in fome places. It is pleafantly feated on the river Frome, on a Roman road. The houfes are well- built, and it has tnree h.indfome ftreets. It ;ends two members to parliament, is the place where the afTizes are held, and gives title to a matquis. It is governed by a mayor, la ald^^rmen, a recorder, and 24 common-council men. It has 3 churches, and about 600 houfes. The Itrezts are broad and paved, and a fine terrace-walk, |>!anted with trees, almoft furroundt the town. This place was formerly a city. At about half a mile's diAance ftands Maiden- catlle, with intrenchmcnts 40 feet deep, thrown up round it in the time of the Ro- mans. It is 8 miles N. of Weymouth, and 114 W. by S, of London. Lon. x. 35. W. lat. 50. 40, N.' * Dot CHESTER, a town io Oxfordshire, whofe market is now difufed, and the fair, on Eatler-Tuefday, is only for pleafure. It was formerly of much greater account than it is at prefent ; however, being on the great road to Gloucefter, it is provided with fome very good inns ; and the church is a large handfome Aru^ure, It was for- merly a bidiop's fee. It is 10 miles S. E. of Oxford, and 49 W. N. W. of London. Lon. o. 50. W. lat. 51. 10. N. DvRooGNE, a river of France, which rifes in the mountains of Auvergne, and running W. through Guienne, falls into the .Caronne, near Bour-fur-mer, at the Bee of D O U DoKMANs, a town of France, in CTurMl- pagne, with a caAle. It is feated on th» river Marne. Lon. 3. 47. E. lat. 49. j. N. Doarx, or Dor pat, a town of Livonia, feated on the river Ember, between the lakes Wofero and Pepas, 50 miles S. of Narva, fabjeft to RufTia. Lon. 37, 25. E. lat. 5«. o. N. Dorsetshire, a county of England, 5* miles in length, and Z7 in breadth. It n bounded on the N. by WiltOiire and Somer. fetlhire, on the S. by the Englilh channel, on the W. by Devon(htrr,and on the E. by Hantp- (h'xTc. It contains 21.940 houfes, 131,649 inhabitants, 348 parifhes, and 21 maiket- towns, 9 of which fend members to par- liame.it. It produces all the coaimodities common to other counties ; belides which, it has both linen and woollen manufa£)uret. The air is good, but Iharp on the hills, and on the fea-coaA it is mild and pleafant. The foil is Tandy, except in fome rich mea> dows, plains, and valleys. Theie are many hills, which feed great numbers of fheep j and on the fea-coaAs there is plenty of fift. The principal rivers are the Stour, th« Frome, and the Piddle. •DoasTANT, a town of Germany, in the circle of WeAphalia, and county of Mark, belonging to the eleftor of CologMe, feated on the river Lippe, ao miles N. E of Duyfburg, and 37 S. W. of MunAer. Lon. 7. 3. E. lat. 51. 38. N. * Dor STONE, a village in Herefordfhir^ ID miles W. of Hereford, with four fairs, on April 27, May 18, September 27, and November 18, for horned cattle, horfes, fheep, and pigs. DoRT, or DokDBECHT, a handfome, ftrong, and rich town of the United Pro- vinces in Holland, famous forafynod held here in 1618, and for itsfalmon fifhery. It is feated in an iQand, at the place where the river Merwe falls into the Maefe, or Meufe, 10 miles S. E. of Rotterdam, and 37 W. of AmAerdam. Lon. 2. 23. E. lat. 51. 5".N. DoRTMWND, a fnialf, but Arong, rich, populous, and imperial town of Germany, in the circle of WeApS.ilia, and county of Mark, feated on the river EmAer, 35 miles N. E, of Cologne, and 35 S. W. of Mun« Aer. Lon. 7. 3 1 . E. lat. 5 1 . 30. N. DauAY, or Dowav, a town of tht French Netherlands, in FUnders, with a tz- mous univetfity. It w-is taken by the allies in 1710, and retaken by the French in 1711, after the fufpeafion of arms befween Great Britain and Fraiice. It is feated on the river Scarp, from whence there ts a caaal D O U W. of Cam- J Lon. 3. 10. 1 ctn»1 to Oeule, 1 5 miict N. bray, and 32 S. W. of Mons> Z. lat. 50. sft. N. j Dove, a river which divides Derbyfliire , f'om Stafford (hire, and falh into tlie Trent j Drar Burton. Ddvcr, a fea-port town in the county : of Kent, with (wo maikett, on Wtdnefdays and 6atUidays, and one fair, on November sty for wearing- apparel and hab«rda(hery- ware. It it ftrong both by nature and art, being lituated between high cliffs, and de- fended by a Arong caille, built on a high hill £. from the town j it was repaired in 1756 ; artd there are barracks for 3000 men. The town was once walled round, and bad ten gates i but there only now remain three, and thefe mucli out of repair. It is one of the cinque ports, and a corporation, confift* ing of a mayor, and 11 jurats. It fends two members to parliament, and is the Haticn of the packet-boats, that, in time of peace, pafs between Dover and Calais, from which it is diftant only ai miles. It was once of much larger extent, and had fcven churches, which are now reduced to two in the town, and one in the caftle. It confiAs of four long narrow ftreets, and feveral crofs- Areets, or alleys. The houfes, which are about 500, ait low, fome built with brick, ak^A others with flint-Aone. The inhabi- tants, who amount to about 5600, are chiefly fupported by the fhipping, and by fliip building, rope-making, and a fnull manufadory of facking. From hence, in fine weather, there is a profpe^ of the coaft of Ftance. It is 15 miles S. S. of Canter- bury, and 71 S. E. by £. of London. Lon. 1.25. E. lat. 51. 6. N. DouBao, or DovRO, a river of Spain, vhich rifes in Old Caftilc, in the Sierra of Urbion. It runs from B. to W. pafling by .feveral towns, and croffing Portugal, then falls into the ocean near St, John de Foz. Douglas, a fea-port town, on the coaft of the Ifle of Man, nearly at the fame dif- tance from the Englilh, Scots, and Irifh fhores, being the beA harbour in the ifland, Lon. t. »5. W. lat. 54. 7. N. * Dour A K, a town of Perfia, feated near the confluence of the rivers Euphrates and Tygris, and remarkable for the reed of wjiich they make their pens. Lon. 56. 57. E. lat. 3*. 15. N, * Dour DAN, a town of the Ifle of France, with a manufaAory of (ilk and worftcd (lockings. It is f^atcd on the river Orge, 21 miles N. E. of Chartres, and S5 S« yf. of Paris. Lon. 4. 7. E- lat. 48. 30. N. *DooRtACH, a fmall handliDmc town «f Getmany, io ituabia, and capital •£ Baden- D U A liourlach. It was burnt by the French ifl 1689, aiul the inhabitants are of the Prote- ftant religion ; it is feated on the river Gieflen, 15 miles S. of Philipfburg. Lon. 9. a8. E. lat. 48. 58. N. DouRLKKs, or DouRLANSi a town of France, in Picardy feated on the river Anthie, 15 miles N. of Amiens, and 17 W« of Arras. Lon. 2. 22. E. lat. 50. ta. N. Down the capital to\r.n of the county of Down, in Ireland, and in ihe province of Ulfter. It is a borough, and a mat ket town, and is feated on the river Newry, 7 miles W. of Strangford-bay. Lon. 5. 50. W. ht. 54. 23. N. * DuwK, a county of Ireland, 42 miles in length, and 34 in breadth ; bounded on the E. by St. George's Channel^ on t\^e W. by Armagh, on the N. or rather N. W. by Antrim, and on the S. by Carlinj^ford-bay and the ocean. It contains 11,914 houfes, 72 parifhes, 9 baronies, 6 b land. All the houfes are built of fquare free ftone, and are aimoA all of the fame height. They have lately built a very nugniiicent church for the Rom»n Catho- lics, which Aands between the Elbe, the bridge, and the cadle ; and there have been fo many palaces ere^ed of late, that it is become one of the handfomcA cities, in Germany. Before the' place wheie they keep guard in the New Town, (here is an cqueftrian Aatue of AuguHus II. looking towards Poland. Travellers take much no- tice of the elector's {tables, of 'he cabinet of curiofities, the arfenal, the court of the liunters, the garden, the palaces of Japan and of Holland, the mint, the gieen ma- gazine, the eleftor's library, t*ie great gar- den without the walls, and. other things, whiih cannot be beheld without adniira tion. With regard to ecclefiaflic affnirs, there is a fupcrior confiftory, on whicli the two univerlities depend, as well as the two confiffoties of Wirtemburg and Leiplick. The principal church is tliat of the Holy Crofs, which is a fuperb ftrufture, and the f>eeple is fo flrong, that cannon may be planted thereon. The fituation of this city it but low, and yet there is a fine profpeft all round it. The palaces of Holland and Jnpan are full of curiofuiasfrom that coun- DUO try and China, wi-h a f»rc»t variety of Diefden porcelano. Tins cUy was taken by the king of PiufTia in 1756, after he had difwovcred the de(igns ot ilie K-ing of Poland and the emprefs Queen ; hut re- taken in 1759. ^' '• *° miles S. t. of Meiflen, and 75 N. W. of Prague. Lon, 13. ')4« £. lat. 51. 12. N. Dreux, a celebrated town intheide of France, which has a confiderable manufac* tuic in cloth to clothe the army. It is feated on the river Blaife, at the foot of a mountain, 17 mile« N. W. of Chartres, and 4S W. of Paris. Lon. 1. 27. E. lat. <,3.44. N. * Driesskn, a ftrong town of Germs'* ny, in the New Marche of Brandenburg* with a ftfonjii fort. It is feated on the rivet Wart, 2c miles E. of Landfberg. Lon. 16. I. E. lat. 52. 46. N. *^ Drift I EL o. a village in the E. Riding of Yofkfliire, 6 miles S. W. of Killiam, with four fairs, viz. on E.-ifter- Monday, Whit- Monday, Auguj> 16, and Se^itember 19, for horfes and leather. • Drinawarp, a town of Turkv ii* Europe, and in Servia, on the confines of Bofnia. It (lands upon a fmall ifland formed by the Dcino, so miles £. of Sa« rino. * Drtno, a river of Turky in Europe, which has its fource on the frontiers of Al- bania, and falls into a gulph of the fame Drino, a fea-port town of Turky in Europe, feated on a bay of the fame name on the Guljjh of Venice, 60 miles S. E. of ftagufa, and 65 N. of Durazzo. Lon ao« 12- E. lat. 4s. o. N. Dbockeda, a fea-port town of Ireland, in the county of Lowth, and province of Leiniler. It is a very Arong place, and well-inhabited, having an excellent har- bour. It fends two members to parlia- ment ! and is feated on the river Boyne, 5 miles W. of the IriHi Channel, and 23 N. of Dublin. Lon. 6. 17. W. lat. 43. 45. N. Droitwich, a townof Worceftettnire, wiih a market on Fridays, and three fairs, viz. on Good Friday, Offober 2S, and De« cember zi, for linen- cloth and hats. It is feated on the river Salwarp, and is of great note for its falt-pits, from which they make fine white fait. It is 6 miles £. N. E. of Worcefter, and 95 W. N. W. of London. Lon. It f6. W. lat. 51. 18. N. * DaoNERO, a town of Italy, in Pied- mont, and in the marqolfate of Saluces ; feated at the foot of the Alps, on the river Macra, over which there is a bridge, of a B b ^ • . prodigious DUB D U F prodigious height, * DBOKriBLD, I Ome for Ireland, as London is for Eng' pretty market town land > and the buildings are daily increaf* in Deib)lhi'e, feated io a bottom, with a maiket on Tlturfdays, and a free-fchool. It has four fairs, on January lo, April 14, and July 1 5, for (beep and cattle ; and on September 1, for cheefe. It U 36 miles N. of Derby, and 140 N. N. W. of London. Lon. i. 35. W. lac. 53. 17. N. DaoNTHEiM, a confidecable town of Norway, aitd capital of a government of the fame name, witii an archbilhop's fee, and a good harbour. It belongs to Den- mark ; carries on a great trade t is almoft urrounded en everyflde by the (e» and the river Pidder; is 270 miles N. W. of Stock- holm, and 2)8 N. E. of Bergen.- Lon. 10. 32. E lat. 63. 15. N. * DaoNTHiiM Hc9, a province of Norway, lying along the fea-coaft. It is bounded on the W. by the ocean, on the N. by the government of Wardhus, on the S. by that of Bergen, and on the E. by Swe- den, from which it is feparated by high mountains. It is but thin of people j the capital town is of the fame name. DauMBOTB, a town of Ireland, in the county of Monaghan, and province of Ul- fltr, 8 miles W. of Dundalk. Lon. 6. 43. W. lat. 54. S- N. Drumlanirk, a town of Scotland, in the county of Nithfdale ^ remarkable for a wood of oak 6 miles in length, and a no- ble palace with ftately avenues and terrace walks, belonging to the Duke of Queenfber- ry. It Is feated on the river Nith, i 5 miles N. of Dumfiies. Lon. 3> 35. W. lat. 55. 14. N. DavscNHKiM, a fmall fortified town of Alface, feated on the river Moter, near the Bhine, 5 miles S. E. of Hagenhau. Lon. S. 6. E. lat. 48. 40. N. * Druses, a people of Syria, near the Holy Land, on the mountains Libanus and Antilibanus. They pretend they are de- fcended from the French that went to con- quer Jerufalem. They call themfelves Chriftians j but they may as well be faid to be Mahometans. However, they are warlike, inured to labour, are great ene- mies of the Tuiks, and have their particu- lar princes, called Emirs. Some fay they are tributary to the Grand Seignior. * Drusllwyn, a village in Carmar- thenlhire, with two fairs, on July i, and O^ber 5, for cattle, horfes. and fheep. Dublin, the capital of Ireland, in the county of tlie fame name, and province of Leinner. It it a rich, handfome, and po- pulous city, with an archbilhoj/s fee, a parliament, and mi univerfity > and is the ing in the fame manner ; it being the reii< dence of the viceroy or lord> lieutenant. The compafsof the walls is not great } but it has four large fuburbs, the principal of which is Oxmanton and Oxmanby, to the N. of the river Liffy, and joined to the city by a biidge. Tne number of houfes in 1753 ^'^ i*!^;?' 1'he cathedral church, called St. Patrick's, lies in the S. fuburb, and is very ancient and handfome } befidea which there are about twelve more. Tho college, or univerfity, is in the E. fuburb, and was founded by (^Elizabeth in 1591, and contains about 600 fludents. Dublin is feated in view of the fea on one fide, and a fine country on the other, and would have had a commodious and fecure har- bour, if the mouth had not been fo choaked up, that vefleJs of burthen cannot come to the town. It is feated on the river Liffy, 60 miles W. of Holyhead, in Wales, and 3 30 N. W. of London. Lon. 6. 30. W. lat. S3. 14. N. * Dublin, a county of Ireland, 17 miles in length, and 1 7 in breadth ; bound- ed on the E. by the Irifh Sea, on the W. and N. W. by Kildare and Eaft-Meath, and on the S. by Wicklow. It contains ai>304. houfes, 7 baronies, 87 parifhes, 4 market- towns, and fends 10 members to parlia- ment. It is but a fmall county, but the foil is very rich and fertile in corn and grafs, and the chief place is the city of Dublin. DuDEHSTADT, 3 towH of Germany, in the duchy of Brunfwick, fubje£l to the Eledlor of Mentz, feated on the river Wip- per, 15 miles £. of Gottingen, and 130 N. E. of Mentz. Lon. 10. 6. E. lat. 51* 34. N. • DuDiEY, a town in Worceflerfhire, with a confiderable market on Saturdays ' for proviiions, and three fairs, on May 8, for cattle, wool, and cheefe; on Auguft 5, for cattle and lambs ; and on O^lober a, for horfes, cattle, wool, and cheefe. The inhabitants have a great manufacture for , nails and other iron wares, and there are two churches, placed at each end of the longeft ftreet. It is 10 miles W. of Bir- mingham, and 120 N. W. of London. Lon* 2. 5. W. lat. 52. 30. N. DuERSTADE, a town ofytrecht, in the United Provinces, feated on the river Leek, 14 miles S. £. of the city of Utrecht. Lon. 6. 25. E.lat. 51. 10. N. *DurFETN,a village of Glamorganfhire, in S. Wales ; which has one fair^ on Auguft 10, for catile« Doia. D U M DUN OtffiBoiR, a town of Germany, in tTie I tween two hills, on the river Kith, ov«r flircle of Weftphalia, in the ducHy of Clevei, with an univerfity, and fubjcA to the king of PniflTu. The fortifications are dcmolifhed. It it feated on the river Roer, near the Rhine, i% miles N. of OuAeldorp, and 4s N.W. of Cologne. Lon. 6. 14. E. lat. 51. 24. N. * Ou LA I, a village on the N. E. Ode of the ifle of Anglefey, in N. Wales, is a place much frequented on account of tlie corn and butter trade, and upon all the coaft they make fern afhes, which are fold to foap-boilers,g!af8-houfes, melting-houfes, and lefiners. Near it is a red okery earth, fit for painting, and veins of lead ore, lately difcovered. * DuLMBN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia, and bi (hoprick of M un- fter; 18 miles S. W. of the city of that rame. * DuLTiKTON, a town of Somerfet- Ihlre, with a market on Saturday), and two fairs, on July 10, and November 8, for cattle. It is feated on a branch of the river Ex, and cdtains about i5ohoufes, and feveral inns. It it 14 miles E. «f Bai n- ftaple, and 170 W. by S. of London. Lon. 3. 40. W. lat. 51. 3. N. Dumbarton, the (hire of, fee Lknox. DuMBAaroN, the capital town of a fliire of the fame name in Scotland, feated at the confluence of the rivers Leven and Clyde, 15 miles N. W. of Glafgow. It was once confiderable for its trade, which is now much decayed, but is ftill remarkable for its caftle, which it thought to be one of the Arongeft in Europe. Lon. 4. 3t. W. lat. 56. o. N. DuMBLAiN, a town of Scotland, in the (hire of Monteith, remarkable for a battle, commonly called the battle of Sheriff moor, between the duke of Argyle and the rebels, commanded by the earl of Mar, in 1715, and in which the latter were defeated. It is ; miles N. of Stirling, and 30 N. W. of Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 47. W. lat. 56. 11. DuMrsRMLiMG, fl parliimcnt-town of Scotland, in the county of Fife, It was remaikable for its magnificent abbey, and a royal palace in which king Charles I. was born. T' e luins of the abbey are yet to be feen. It is 1 5 miles N. W. of Edinburgh. Lon. 3, 17, W. lac 56. 3 N • DuMF«iE8,tht(hireof,contain8Nithf dale and Annaadale, which fee. It fend; one member to pari lament, and one for tb>. burg s of Sanquhar, Sec. D. MFRiis, the capital of a county of tto f4ine naipc; in ScocUnd, feated be which there it a handfome flone biidge, of 9 arches. It is a place of pretty good trad?, 8 miles N. of Solway- frith, and 30. N. W. W. ofCarliflc. Lon. 3. 20. W. lat. 55. 3.N. Dunbar, a town of Scotland, m the (hire of EaA- Lothian, feated near the Cer- . man fea, where there is a good harbour, which was formerly defended by a caAle built on a rock, whofe ruins are ftill re> maining. It is remarkable for a vidlory gained here by Cromwell over the Scott ia 1650. It is 25 miles E. of Edinburgh. Lon* 2. 14. W. lat. 56.0. N. DuNCANNON,a f ortrefs and town of Ire- land, in the county of Exford, and pro« vince of Leinfler, feated on the nver Roft, 6 miles E. of Waterford. Lon. 6. 47. W. la*. $2. 10. N. DuNDMK, a Tea port town of Ii eland, in the county of Lowtb, and province of Leinfter, feated on a bay of the fame nam«« 18 miles N. of Drogheda. Lon. 6. 47. W« lat. $4. 5. N. Dundee, a town of Scotland, in the (hire of Angus. It is an handfome town, with t\wo churches, one of which hat • very high fteeple } and a good harbour for fliips of burthen. It is feated on the N, fide of the frith of Tay, 14 miles N. W. of St. Andrew's. Lon. a. 45. W. lat. $6. 31. N. * DuNDEiY,a vUbgeinSom'erfetfhire, 5 miles S. W. of Briftol, with one fair, on September it, for cattle, fheep, an of war, the fortifications weie Hernolifhed, in confcquence of the trea'y of Utrecht, in 1713. in the late war the Frenth attempt- ed to rebuild the works; hut they were again ordered to be demolifhed by th>.' peace of 1763. It is 15 miles N. E. ol Grave- lines, 3» S. W. of 01\end, and 445 of Client. Lon. 2. 23. E. lat <;'. i, N. DuN-LK-BOi, a fiTiall town ofFtance, in Upper Berri, feated on the confines of Bour- bonnois, 20 miles S. of Bourghes. Lon. z. 39. £. iat. 46. 51. N. DoNMow, a town of EfTex, with a mar- ket on Saturdays, and two fairs, on May 6, apd November 8, for cattle. It is a pretty large town, pleafantly anJ commodioudy feated on an eafy afcent, and the market is good for corn and provifions, It is 13 miles K, of Clielmsford, and 37 N. E. of London, lion. o. 27. E. lat. 5(. 45. N. Dunnc(;a(., a town of Ireland, and ca- pital of a county of the fame name, in the province of Ulf\er j feated on the bay of Dunnegal, 10 miles N. of Baltifhannon. ^.Lon. 8. 17 W. lat. 54. 3^. N. DuNNiNGTONj a town of Lincolnfhire, wi h a market on Saturdays, and 4 fairs, on May 26, for horfes, flax, and hemp j on Aiguft 17, for hopfes j on September 6, for cattle, flax, and hemp ; and on Odtober 17, for horfes, cattle, flax, and hemp. It is feated in a flat, watery foil, but the mar- ket is well ftipplied with demp and provj. fioni. It is 27 miles S. E. of Lincoln, and 99 N. of London, Lon. o, 7. W. lat. 52. 55. N. OuNNose, a cape or point of land, on the S. coaft of the ifle of Wight. * DuNois. a fmall territory of France, in Beauce, with the title of a county. It lies between Proper Beauc, Pearche, Vendo- aiois, Bl^fois, and Orleannols. Chateau- Dun is the capital. DuNOTER, a magnificent caf\le of Scot- land, in thecvounty of^Mearns, feated on a high rock, which advancs into the Tea. It Isflrongbothbyna'ureand art, and defend- ed by thick wails and towers. Here have been(omeI\qiin^n infcriprionsdnt; up, wt: ch havelieen Hnce placed in the caflle or palace by the earl marfhal| tb« then proprietor. It D U R it 12 miles S. of Aberdeen. Lon. I.47.W* lat. 56. 57. N. DuNROBiN, a caflle of Scotland, in tha county of Sutherland, feated on the fea-coafl, and is the feat of the eail of Sutherlai d. 1% is 15 miles N. of Cromartie. Lon. 3. 36. W. lat. 57. 50. N. Duns, a town of Scotland, in the fhiro of Mers, of which it is the capital. It is a fmall place, feated at the foot of a moun- tain, and is remaikable for being the birth, place ot Duns Scotus, called the fuhtiic doc- tor. It it 12 miles W. of Berwick upon Tweed. Lon. 2. 15. W. lat. 55 48. N. DuNSTABLK, a town of Bedfordlhire, witt> a market on Wednefdays, and four fairs, on AH^-VVednefday, May 22, Auguf^ 12, and November 12, for cattle. It i$ feated on a hill, on a dry chalky groundi It has 4 flrcets, which regard the four car- dinal points, and is full of good inns, land- ing on the road from London to Ciiefter, The church is the remainder of a priory, and oppofite to it is a farm houfe, which was once a royal palace. It is 17 miles S. of Bedford, and 34 N. W. of London. Lon« o, 29. W. lat. 51. 50. N. Dt7NST«R, a town of Somerfetfliirc, with a maket on Fridays, and one fair, on Whit-Monday, for pedlars ware. It is 20 miles N. \V. of Taunton, and 184 W. of London. Lon. 3. 34. Wi lat. 51. i ;. N. DuNwicH, a town of Suffolk, with a market on Saturdays, and one fair, on July 25, for toys. It is feated at the top of a loofe cliff, and was formerly of good account, having been a bifhop's fee, but is now only the remains of a town, all but two parifheq being fwallowed up by the fea. However^ it is a corporation, and fends two members to parliament. Their only buflnefs isfifh* ing for herrings, mackerel, foles, fprats, and other fea-flfh. It is 24 miles S. of Yar- mouth, and 95 N, of London. ) E. lit. 4S< A*- N> * DuRAVEi, atown of France, in Quer- ey, feated on the river Lot, on the con- fines of Agenois. Lon. i, 5. £. lat. 45. 40. N. DuRAzzo, a (own of Turky in Europe, in Albania, with a Greek aichhifhop's fee. It is now but a villa<{e, with a ruined for- trefs, but has a good harbour on the Gulph of Venice. It is 17 miles S. W. of Croia, and 38 N. of Valona. Lon. zo. 1^5. E, lat. 41. 25. N. DuiBUY,a town of the Audrian Nether- lands, in tiie duchy of Luxemburg, and ca- pital of a county of the fame name. It was ceded to France in 1698, and is feated on the river Outre, 25 miles S. of Liei;e, and 32 S. E. of Namur. Lon 5. a8. E.lat. 5S. 15. N; * DuxcKEiM, a town of Germany, in the Palatinate, 12 miles N. E. of Newftat. Lon. 7. 55. E. lat. 49. 26. N. Du K EN, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of Weflphalia, and duchy of Juliers, feated on the river Roer, 12 miles S. of Ju< tiers, and 25 S. W. of Cologne. Lon. 6. 14. £, lat. 50. 46. N. * Dv RKT A L, a town of France, in An- jou, with a handfome caftle t feated on the river Loire, in a country abounding with corn and wine. Pu R H A M, the capital of the biflioprick of Durham, with a market on $;>turdays, and three fairs, on March 3, which continues three days ; the firft day for horned cattle, the fecond for fhe^p and hogs, and the third for horfes j thofe on Whit-Tuefday, and September 1 5, are for the fame. It is a bi- fhop's fee, and pleafantly and commodioufly fsated on an eafy afcent, and aimoft fur- rounded by the riverWeare,over which there are two large flone-bridges. It is furround- «d by a wall, and has a caftle, now the bi(hop*s palace, feated on the higheft part of the h|l|. It is a handfome and compact place, containing 6 parilh- churches, befides its cathedral, but thefuburbs are draggling. It is well inhabited, fupplied with commo- dities of All forts, anj beautified with hand- fome buildings, brxh public and private, particularly the cathedral, which is fome- what like Wedminfter-abbey. Adjoining to this are the houfes of the dean and pre- tends. It fends two members to parlia- IPjsnt} is 14 miles S. of ^ewcaaie, and i6i Lon. I. t4.W.h * Dor HAM, a county in England, com* monly called the bifhoprick of Durham, 3; miles in length, and 34 in breadth] bounded on the E. by the German Ocean, on the S. by the river Tecfe, which divides it from Yoiklhire, on the W. by Cumberland and ^eftmoreland, and on the N. by Northum- berland. It contains 1 5,980 houfes, 96,980 inhabitants, 113 parifhes, and 9 market- towns. The air is good, but cold upon the hills on the N. and W. fides, which are verf thinly inhabite'f, being generally barren. The eafttrn part is a good country, and pretty fruitful. The particular commoditiei are coal, iron, and lead; and the principal rivers are the Teefe, the Weare, the Tame, and the Tyne. It fenda but two members to parliament, befides thofe for Durham. DvRSLKV^ a town of Gloucefterlhire^ with a market on Thurfdays, and two fairt, on May 6, and December 4, for pedlara ware. It is feated near a branch of the ri- ver Severn, and formerly had a caftle, now in ruins ; is a pretty good place, and inha- bited by clothiers } 18 miles S. W. of Glov- cefter, and 97 W. of London. Lon. a. 'to. W. lat. 5t 40. N. DussctDORr, a ftrong town of Germa- ny, in the circle of Weftphalia, and capital of the duchy of Berg, belonging to tha eleAor Palatine, whofe palace is very hand- fome, and adorned with fine piAures. le was taken by the Hanoverian forces in T7sS* who were then in purfuit of the French; it feated on the river Duftel, near the Rhine^ 22 miles N. W. of Cologne, and 62 S. W. of Munfter. Lon. 6. 24. E. lat. 51. is. N. * DuTLiNQRN, a town of Germany, ift Suabia, with a bridge ov(;r the river Danube, and a caftle without the town, feated on a mountain. It belongs to the duke of Wirtemberg, and is 30 iniles N. E. of SchaufThaufen, and 3 3. N. W. of Conftanc*. Lon. 8. 52. E. lat. 48. 8. N. DuYivELANo, or DivBiANOi One of the iflands of Zeeland, in the United Pro- vinces, E. of the ifte of Schonen, from which it is feparated by a narrow channel. DwiNA, a province of RufTia, bounded on the E. by (hat of Condinfki, on the S. hf Uftiog, on the W. by Kargapol, and on tho N. by the White Sea. Archangel is the ca» pital town. DwiN A, a river which rifesin Lithuania^ in Poland, and running N. W. divides Li» vonia from Courland, and falls into the Baltick Sea at Dunamundar-fort, a Uttl« below Riga. DwiNA> « river of the Ru0Un empire, wbidi E A S wYitch ran* from S. to N, and Mh into the ^hite Sea a little below Archangel. DvLB, a river of th« Auftrian Nether- lands, which rifei in Brabant, runt N. by Louvain, and having received the Demer, runa W. by Mechlin, and falls inoo the Schelde at Rupplcmond. Dy lat* 54* IS* N. * Eastborn, a town of SuHTex, whofe market is difcontinued ; but has one fair, on O.iftober 10, for cattle and pedlars ware. Is is feat*d jiear the fea, and is chiefly noted for the pknty of birds hereabout, called ^heat-ears. It is 15-miles E. S. E. of l^wes, and 60S. S. E. of London. Lon. o. 15. E. lat. 50, 46. N. * East-Brxnt, avillagein Somerfet- fhire, 4 miles N. of Huntfpil, witli one fair, on Auguil a6, for cattle, horfes, and Hieep. * East-Deak, a village in SufTex, five miles N. of Chichefter, with one fair, on OAoher aS, for pedlars ware^ rAST-GRiNtTEAv, a town in SuflTex, v4it) amaiKetonThwrdaySjand two f^ks. E B E on July f 3, for horned csitif, and on tfim cember 1 1, for cattle and pedlars ware. Ic is featcd on a hill, near the borders of Surry, ' not far from Afhdown forcfi ; is a borough, has ahandfomr^iturch, and fends two mem- bers to parliament. The afl'ixe* for lh« county are fometimrs held hete. It is i9 niiles N. of Lewes, and 30 S. of London* Lon. o. a. E. lat. 5 1. 8. N. • EastIsliv, a town in Berkfhlre, featcd between two hills, among fruitful corn fields, and excellent downs for fefd- ing flieep. This place is not contemptible; has a market every Wednefriay in thefum- mer, chiefly for (heep ; and one fair, on Auguft 6, for (heep and lambs; is 17 mile*' vS. of Oxford, and 51 W. of London. Lon« I. lu. W. lat. 51. 37. N. East LOW, a town of Cornwall, with • market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on Fe- bruary 1 3 and O Aober 1 o, for horfes, oxen, Iheep, cloth, and a few hops, It is feated pretty commodioudy on a creek of the fea » over which there is a large rtone- bridge, fupported by many arches, which leads to Weftlow, (landing between twe hills. They are both corp^^rations, and fend members to parliiimenr. The chief benefit which the in- habitants liave is in their fifhery. It is 1$ miles W. of Plymouth, and a3i W. by S« of London. Lon. 4. 47. W. lat. 50. «3. N. * Eastmeon, a villaf;e in Hampfitire, five miles S. E. of Petersfield, with a fair, on September 19, for horfes. Eastonness, the moft eafterTy poii)t of cape on the coaft of Suffolk, and the-N. point of Souttiwold-Bay. Eaton, a town of Buckinghamfhire, ly« ing near Windfor, which has one fair, on Afh-Wednefday, for horfes and cattle. It is feated on the banks of the Thames, over which there is a hnndfome bridve, between it and Wincfor, and is famou<; for a fchool and college founded by Henry VI. King's college in Cambtide admits no other flu- dents for fellows but what have been brought up here. It is 10 miles W. of London. Lon* o. 34. W. lat. 51. 28. N. Eavse, an ancient town of France, in j Gafoony, and in Armagnac, 17 miles S. W. of Condom, and 25 N. W. of Auch, Lon. o. 7. W. Lat. 43. 56. N. * Ebbrbach, a town in Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, feated on the river Neckar, a mi'e and a half from Maf- bach, and remarkable for its wire, Ebxrberg, a caftle of Germany, in ths palatinate of the Rhine. It was taken by the lanHgravate of HefTe-CafTel in 1692; feated at the confluence of the riven NaviT and Alfen, u inil«9 S« Wi of Cr^ufnach; mi and lat. E long Aul of V. ire, ]y» air, on le. It E C K and 17 N. W. of Bingen. Lon. 7. 30. E. lat. 49 53«N- EBEasooir, ■ houfe of pleafure, be- longing to the court of Vienna, in Lower Aufiria, featcr! on the Danube, 9 miles E. of Vienna. Lon. 17. ai. E. lat. 48. 3s. N. Ebiiitbin, a diHriA of Germany, in Suabia, which gives title to a count, and fubjcA to the margrave of Baden. The caAte of Eberflcin i» the chief place, and is 6 miles S. of Baden. Lon. 7. 34. E. lat. 48. 40. N. EaiRSTtiN, a town of Germany, in AI face, 8 miles S. W. of Straiburg. Lon. t. 14. E. lat. 48. 30. N. * Ebikvil, a town of France, in Au- vergne, with a rich Benedictine abbey. It is feated on the river Scioule, 8 mile, from Riom, and 11 from Clermont. Lon. 5. 5.E. lat. 46. 5. N. Ebro, a celebrated river of Spain, which rifes on the confines of Old CaHile, in the moHntains of Santillane, and paHing thro* Arragon and Catalonia, falls into the Medi- terranean Sea, above Tortofa. In its paf- fage it receives a great number of fmaller ftreams. EcBBTANA, an ancient town of Ada, in Pcrfia, by fome fuppofed to be the fame which is now called Tauris. EccLBSHAi, a town of StafTordlhire, with a very fmall ma>ket on Fridays, and 4 fairs, on Midlent-Thurfday, Holy-Thurf- day, Auguft 5, and the firft Friday in No- vember, for cattle, Iheep, and faddle-horfes. It is feated on a branch of the river Sow, and the bi(hop of Litchfield and Coventry has a caftle here, where he refides. It is but a fmall place, 6 miles N. W. of Staf- ford, and 137 N. N. W. of London. Lon. a. IX. W. lat. 5a. 48. N. EccLBSToN, a town of Lancashire, whofe market and fairs are difcontinued. It is 24 miles S. of LancaAer, and 192 N. N. W. of London. Lon. 2. 35. W. lat. 53. 40. N. • EcHAVFOVK, a town of France, in Normandy, feated on a rivulet that falls into the Rille, between Aigle and Seez. EcKBREN, a village in the Netherlands, In the marquifate of Antwerp, famous for a battle between the Allies and France, wherein the French were lepulfed, though the Dutch general had left the army, and informed the ftates of Holland that the bat- tle was loft. It is 5 miles N. of Antwerp, and IX S. W. of Breda. Lon. 4. 16. E. lat. 51. 18. N. EcKTBiNAC, a town of the Auftrian Metberlaads, in lh« ducby of Luxemburg, EDI feated on the river Suit, in a valtty fur- rounded with mountains, 18 miles N. E. of Luxemburg. Lon. 6. t7. E. Ut.4f. 55. N. EcLosB. SeeSLVTS. EcYA, or EtrjA, an cpifeopal town of Spain, in the province of Andalufia, feated on the river Zenil, a 8 miles S. W. of Cor- doua, and 48 E. of Seville. Lon. 5. 4. W« lat. 37. 10. N. Edam, a town of Holland, famous for iu cheefes { feated on the Zuider- Zee, 5 miles from Home, and 10 N. E. from Am- fterdam. Lon. 4. 40. E. lat. sa. 18. N. Edbm, a river which rifes in Weflmore- land, on thsconfines of York(hire, and rui>- ning N. by Appleby and Carlide, falls into the Sol way- frith, 7 miles W. of that city. EooHiLL, near Keynton, In Warwick- (hire, is the place where the firA battle w.ie fought between the forces of king Charles I. and thofeof thep'arliamentinOdlober 1642. It is 14 miles S. of Warwick, and 11 N. W. of Banbury. Lon. i. 17. W. lat. sx. 9. N. Edgworth, or Edowarb, a town ii» Middlefex, with a market on ThuiTd^ys, but no fair. Near to this ftood the fine feat •f the duke otChandos, called Canons, now demolished, and the materials fold. Ir is 1% miles N. W. of Lond;>n. Lon. o. 14. W. lat. 51. 37. N. EDiNBVKGH,the capital city of Scotland, where, for fome ages before the Union, the kingii of Scotland had their ufual re(id«nce, at Holy-rood*houfe. It confifts principally of one ftreet with lanes, orwynds ruoninf from it ; the ground rifing gradually from Holy rood- houfe to the Canongate head, which is the fuburb, and from thence to the caftle, which is the higtieft part of the city. The principal ftreer, befldcs this, is called the Cow^ate, and is on the S. fide of the other ; from this feveral lanes run up the hill, towards the univerfity and Herriot's* hofpital. From the caftle to the palace it uCua'ily reckoned a Scotch mile in length, but in breadth the city is no where above half a mite. The h^ufes are built of ftone, and are, in the Ligh-ftreer, 6 or 7 ftories high, each ftory being a diftin£t houfe; and near the Parliament-clofe they are 14 ftories high, or upwards, but then they are built on the fide of a hill, and on the other fide they are of the common height. It has a lake on the N. fide, and every where elfe is t'jrrounded by a ftrong wall. The caftle is very ftrong, both by art and nature, and was kept by the king's forces in the laft re« hellion, though the city itfelf was taken. The harbour of this city is at Leith, a pretty large town, to which there is a fine wa!k from Edinburgh. It is feated io the motk ! E G L ^Untlful part of thU kingdom, and water it convtytd to it by leaden pipes from excel- lent fpringt. The other remarkable build- ings are, the parliament>houfe, with* large court called the Parliament-clofe, in ihe middle of which ii the ftatue of king Charles II. OntheW. fide of it it the council houfe, and to tite S. the feflioni houfe, where tlie fupreme count of judicature are helJ. The liigh-church, which wai the cathedral^ it now divided into four, which, with thereO, and the chapel in the caftie, make twelve in all. Herriot's.hofpital it a ftately Aruc- ture, deflgned for the education of 140 boyi. The college is on the S. fide, which hat large prccinAt, inclofed with hi^h walls, and di- vidcd into three courts ; the public fchools are large and commodious, and here are houf«> for the profefTors. It was built by king James VI. and hat a very good library. The common burying- place of the city is Crey*Friars church>yard, where there are abundance oi fine monuments. The caflle It featrd at the W. end, and is inaccelTible, except on the fide next the city. The palace, called Holy-rood-houfe, was formerly an abbey, and is a handfome, convenient ftruc> turst This city it governed by a lord-pro> voft, four bailiffs, and a common council. It is not fo fiourifhing as it was before the Union, becaufe the great men are ufually at JU>ndon. It was the fee of a bifhop before cpifcopacy was abolifhed in i638. It is a milet S. of Leitb, 54 W. N. W. of Berwick upon Tweed, and 393 N. N. W. of London, It fends two members to parliament, one for the city, and another (or the Aiire. Lon. J. ». W. lat. 55. 57. N. EDisTONi-RocK,areck fo called, in the inglifli Channel, 14 miles S. of Plymouth, in Devonfhire, on which a light-houfe is creAed, for the diredVion of fhips going in and out of the Channel. £DMONns-BuR Y, St. SeeBvav. * Bdwinstone, a villa:;e in Netting- hamfhire, 6 miles N. E. of Mansfield, with one fair, on OAober 28, for cattle, horfcs, and hogs. ErrtRDiNG, a tgwn of Germany, in Upper AuAria, 8 miles W. of Lintz ; de- fended by two caflles, one within, and the other without the town. Lon. 14. 14. £. lat 48. 18. N. * EcDKAN, a village in Su/Tex, with one fair, on September 4, for horfes, and horned cattle. * Eg Li sow, an ancient town of SwiflTer- land, in the canton of Zurich, feated on the j Rhine. Lon. 8. 40. £. lat. 47. 45. N. * EcLwisFACH, a village in Denbigh- (hire, witk 4 fairs^ oa Fclbruary 24} May 1 1, E G Y Auguft 14, and November 14, all for clU tie. *EcLWiswRBW, a village In Pembroke* (hire, with two fairs, on Holy-Tharfday« and on the fit A Monday aft.v November la, for catt!c, horfes, and flicep. EcRA, a handfome and Arong town of Bohemia, formerly imperial, but now fob- jeA to the houfe of AuAria. It was taken by the French in 174a, but they wer« forced to render it back the next year. le containt a number of ingenious artifti, and its i.iineral- waters are very famous. It ia feated on the river Eger, 95 miles W. of Prague, and so 5 N. W. of Vienna. Lon. la. 15. £. lar. (,0. 5.N. EcRiMoNT, a town in Cumberland, with a maiket on Saturdays, and one fair^ on September 14, for horfes and horntd eat' tie. It is feated not far from the fea, on the banks of a river, over which there are two bridges, and on the top of a peeked hill a Arong caAle. It is 14 milet S. W. by S. of Corkermouth, and 187 N. W. of London. Lon. 3. I ;. W. lat. 54. 30. N. * Egtoh, a village in the N. Riding of Yorkfhire, not far from Gilborough, with 4 fairs, on Tuefday before February 15* Tuefday before May ti, September 4, and Tuefday before November a), for horned cattle, boots, and (hoes. EcvrT, a celebrated and confiderable country of Africa, about 550 milet in length, and 1 15 in breadth, where broadeft. It is bounded on the N, by the Mediterra* nean Sea, on the S. by Nubia, on the E. by the Red Sea and the iAhmut of Suez, and on the W. by the kingdom and defert of Barca . The broade A part is from Alexandria to Damietta, and from thence it gradually grows narrower and nai rower, tiU it ap* proaches Nubia, where it is cnclofed be« tween two chains of mountains, having the Nile and a plain between them, not above half a day's journey over. Thefe moun- tains run on each fide of the Nile very far to the N. infomuch that, on the fide of tht defert, they are continued to the Mediter- ranean Sea, but on the E. fide they do not reach at far at Cairo. Thefe moun- tains, from the cataracts of the Nile to Sai- di, are not above tx or 15 miles diAanC from the banks of that river, but theie they begin to be more open, leaving large and beautiful plains, which are refreshed by the waters of the Nile; then they begin to come nearer each other, as far as the py- ramids of Cairo. Hence it appears, that this kingdom, fo famous in htflory for ita power and the number of its people, haa not an extent proportjonable to the defcrip- tion E G Y E G Y lion the aneltntt have given of it; hr wTio i Perflan yelkt t!M the timi of /U^andtribt" town of ow fab. M taken 7 wer« ear. le ifti, and It it W. of Lon. can baliave that it contained io,oco towns, orcitiM, that the number of lh« inbahi. tanii amounted to feveral millioni, thai the king* have kept armies on foot of 300,000 men, and that they have executed fuch prodigioua worki, whcfe magnificent ruins are Dill remaioing { but when we confider cite (criiiity of the country, that not a foot of ground remained unculfvated, tdat tliere were a f;reat numher of onaU, which are now filled up, their accounts do not ferm at ail improbal>lc Eg;pti8 divided into the Upper, the Middle, and the Lower, which laft comprehends tho Delta, whidi reaches tron Alexandria to Damictm, and as far as Cairo ; tlie Middle runs no farther S. than Benefotif} and ths Uppc, railed formerly Thebaid, afcencU as far ns Nubia, and the kingdom of Sennar. The ancitnts divided Egypt into the Upper and Lower, the former of which contained the Delta, and the fecond the Thebaid. Since Hg>pt lias been under the dominion of the Tuiks, it has been governed by a bafhaw, who re- fidei at Cairo. Under him there arc infe« {ior i;overnor<, in the feveral parts of this couptry ; thofe in Upper Egypt are gene- rally Arabs, who pay tribute to the Grand- SeiK;nior, and make prtfentt to the btfhaw, living like Kttle tyrants, and are frequently at war vvith each other. Refldes thefe, there are feveral Hieiks, who pre fide over paiticular places, and are maAers of a few villages. Though the air of Ecypt is na- turally hot, and not very wholefomc, it fnjoyt fo many other advantages, that it lias been always extremely populous. They pretend to a prodigious antiquity, and have a catalogue of kings, the 6rft of which began to reign a great many thou- fand years before the flood, if you will be- lieve th«tr hiAories. However, this is cer- tain, tliat their ancient kings governed Egypt till the reign of Camhyiis, who be- came mafler of it 515 years before the birth •f ChriA, and in their time all thofe won- derful flruAures were raifed, which we cannot even now behold without aAonifh- ment ; thefe are, the pyramids, the laby- rinth, the jmmenfe grottos of the Thebaid, the obeliflcs, the temples, and the pompous palaces, whofe plans and defigns are {!:iven hy travellers, «ot to mention the lake Mo:- ris, and the vafl canals which feived both for trade, and to render the land fruitful. After the a'aove conqueft, Egypt began to change its face, and Cambyiis began to fliewhia difpofition in demolifl^in!; the tern- ple8» and perfecuiing the priefts. After fail death this country conUnued under the Great, who, having got pofTeffion of itii i'eifian dominions, built the famous city of A'exandria. He was fucceeded by Piole* my. the Son of Lagui, 314 years before th« birth of Chrifl. Ten of thefe fucce«de4 each other, till Cleopatra, the ftf^er of th« UA Ptolemy, afcended the throne, in whof* reign Exypt became a Roman province, and continued fo till to rei(;n of Omar, lh« fecond calrff of the fucctfTuis of Mahomet, who drove away the Romans, af'er it had been in their handi 700 year?, When the power of the taliifs birgan to decline. Sa* Ixdine fet up in Egypt the empire of the Mammelukcs, which became {o powerful in time, that they extcnr'ed their domi- nions over a gtcat part cf Afric;^ Sjria, and Aiabia. LaAofall, Selim, a Tuik.fh emperor, killed the fultan, and corqucrcd Eg}pt, and the Turks have had pofltfTicn of it ever fmce. The inhabitants are of four forts, Tutk% Moors, Arabs, and ChtiAian*, Coplits, and Cophtis, bcfidee Creeks, Jews, and other foieigners; the religion of moA of t^em is well known, and as for the Arabs, they are the fame ac in other places, that is, cheats and robbers, chufipg ci her to live in the moft inaccrfTi- ble places, or to rove about the defcrlii in feanh of paAures, and to way-lay the c»- ravans. As for the Cophts, who are pretty numerous in Upper Egypt, they live in ex- treme ignorance and poverty. Eg)pt has always been no^ed for its plenty of com, and they had vineyards planted on the banks of the Nile; but fince the Tuike came in, they are regleAed. There was a confiderable trade carried on here in E. In- dian commodities, till the Portuguefe found the way round the Cape of Goad Hope, which brought it to nothing. However, the merchants of Europe vifit the haiboura in the Mediterranean Sea, and import, and export feveral merchandizes, and from other parts the native get eu^phants- teeth, ebony, gold duft, mufk, civet, ambergreafe, and coffee. The gold-duA is fiiA brought from Negroland to Fez and Morocco, and from thence to Cairo, over immenfe de- ferts. The principal things which the Eu« ropean merchants i^urchafe here, are, cof- fee, fena, caflia, rhubarb, benjamin, lack, fal ammoniack, myrrh, faffron, frankin- cenfe in tears, falt-petre, Aorax, a1oe% opium, indiito, fugar, fandal-wood, dates, and fome forts of cotton-cloth. With re- gard to the complexion of the Egyptians, it is tawney, and, the farther S- the more dark, infomuch, that thefe on the confines of Nubia are a!m?A Mack. They are moft C c Jf E O Y- •f then* very irflolcnt and co-warHly, »r6 ihe lie •r f -It donolliing all

  • hue riimK CofTcc, rnioke tob.icco, nnd llct^'; Klid.s tint, llity aia iXtnuicly ignoian , pri ud, l\*uglit\', ani ridicu'cxifly v^m. I.^vjit lie* bc'.wccn i() anl 5? dr^ri-rt of longitude, and lict'.vtcn ii arvl ;i of lifiji'e, With reg.iid to I'lC wcithcr in Ejiixjt, tlie Turn mcr i» mort inc UDiDoHj iu» on ai-O'^unt of tlie cxct.Tive litatv, wl.iuli lirjti^; tn various <1iActiH'« r< } but t!en die wii^ er, autumn, anH l|>riiif; ?fc fcifi . i in a He li^!i ful Cvuntiy- It rain'i vtiy fi.l'!<>m in Egypt, but ttmt wntit it liappiiv T (<|))it<.l by the ret^ular ii'.unda:ion of clic Nile, »t i' now known to almoft cvtry one. VVi.en llie wxti-is ic(i>e ;ill the ((lounil iitcoveitd ^itli mud, and then tSry only l.arrojv their corn into it, without further traublt, and 'n ihc lollowiiig Maitli tliey l>.ivt; ufoaily a lik'Miiul.harvcll. Tl.tir ri.e fji-ldi ;>re f»i;>- |.|>t tlicy h.^vc qiani<(s. l<-nions, fi/,«, djics, ulniunds, cdtrii'i, and piantamu, in {'.teat plen'y. I lit. fand;: ate fo fuhtiic iie c, that (l«»> infiiiuatt thciiirdvos into ihc cluft't>, cheils, and c;<- bincti, whicj), tof/v'ther with the lioc winds,, arc piobdbty t\'c caufe cf lore eyes bcin.^', fo v..iy common Iiere. TI.e pyiamiJs arc takun notice of by all traveilciT|tN, a town of Poland, in the du- chy of Courl^nd, 70 miles S. £, of Mittau. E L B Lnn. 16. o. E. I«(. 56. so. N. * )-'Hl^c IN, tl eptmeof twofmalMownt cf (I'frminy, m Suabia. the one near th« Parube, and the other 00 the Neckar ; ih«y h( Irog to (he houfe of Auftiia. LoN. 9. 45. H. lar. 48. 18. N. EutiTtRNAc a town of the Auf\rian NtthfrLintli, in LuxemburK, 7 miles N. W, o: Tieves. i.on. 6. 30. E. iai. 4j. 5S.N. E II MID V IN, a town of iheN«therlard», In Dutch Lr/thxnt, 15 milis S. of Boisle* Due, Lon. 5. 3'.). t. I.if. 51. »6. N. Li r f I. p, cr £1 r iL i<, a to^••n o( Ger- many, capital of the county ol Rhinegaw, in the circle of Lower S.iVony, featcd on tl« Rhine, 6 miles N, W> of Mentz, and fab- |Lif^ to the ele^or of Mcntz. Lon. 7. 35. L. lat. ^o. 6. U. EiNtnrcK, a town of Oermany, in the tilde cf Lower Saxony, ani tcrrirory of (iriihKnha^en, 3f, milis S. of Hildrfheim, fubjc'l to Hanover. Lon. 1. 45. E. lat. 5J. 50 IJ. El EI eu KN, a town of Germany, in the ciicle cf U^piT S;iXony, and county of ManifitM, 1; n)itts E. of Mansfiel<.'. Lu- ther wat bom here. Lon. 12. o. E. lat. 51. 45- N. El SN/. cH, a handfome town of Germa* ny, and cnpital of a fmall dillrii> oi the fame namr, in Tliuiin^ia, with a celebrated coU lege. It is ao miles N. W, oi Smalkald, r.nd 37. S. W. of Erfurd. Lon. 10. 3 I.E. lat. 50. <;9. N. • CiTDKVET, an ancient town of .Afri- ca, in the kingdom of Morocco, and pro> vince of Hea ; feated on a Ueep mountain, and has famous fchools. It is furrounded by two craggy rocks, and two rivtrs. Eker fFOR n, a town of Denmatk, in the duchy of Slef^vick, feated on the Baliick Sea, :z miles S. £. of Slefwick, and 35 N. W. of Lubeck. Lon. 10. 20. E. lat. 54. 40. ^). * Ekes 10, an ifland of Sweden, in E. Gothland, in which there is a town of the fame name, 44 miles N. W. of Calmar. Lon. 15. 7. E. lat 57. iS.N. Elba, an ifland of Italy, en the coafl of Tufcany, remaikabie for its mines of iron and loadflone, as alfo for its quarries of marble. It is fubjeft to the prince of Piombino, under the protection of the king of Naples, who is in pofftflion of Porto- Longone, and the Great Tuke of Tufcany lias Porto Ferrara. Elbassano, a town of Tutky in Eu- rope, in the province of Albania, 41 miles S. E. of Durazzo. Lon. ai. 0. £. lat. 41. 10. N, . ,., .. '. - ^y- ., r: t. R F. r. L Btit, 1 1»Tf« liver of Ce'nurtv, wMcfi'Tfe-l cJt»?f, le tcck it; ^»me fiflfft f^t riles in the MountAin of the C)i;mrf , in itic confinei of Bohemia and .Silelii, an'l run- ning S. to Ki)nini(f«ra'S. »irrrw*Mh runk N. W. till u ifi #1 e^ t!'e MuM^tv it Mul- (ken (or ;• live ciepi.ant Id I'lc niiH nick below Hr>j(uc | l*oin rhrnce ii cnrt'i nues it» couife N. an hk-- nitnr«, thif ar a ijti'e »*irtnnce, i* miy be mrt.i* tl.kit ii a hijjn iTicunNiin, (h^p A liUe * hUini py- ramt'fj anrf, ahout half v.i/ m t'e t( p, a large cavf, \.vit > iwo pjlLieci info it. In which aie pillari, l;evvn out nf the ft'ltJ ';n» thr u»'i flranrttnhu tJro'-k, cuti.Mfty ca've^. Soirt irt of if,« where it ret'.ivfi fUt H^vd. AUrr thin itlfirurrtof mm, In fever*! piMhni, trii ex- divides the duchy tr thcif from iiulilein, pairim; on 'o fUmhur*, and , hc.id» are rrfwefcntrd muliiudv* of funll toio ilie lor rtis I I <»luck(ta<'t, («||ini; into people In a pnilnie of d.;v .tii.n. If m a t'e German Sea .1 litilu bcKv.v It It is n.i- ' v^y diffitult matter to ('nilarc win tl i» vij?ahlc r,i j^rrat (liips as ■ ianves c.-"innf ):ivc i!.c Ir Jl ti.Biur, a I wn ol Franre, in Norman- 1 account of it ; and, indeed, it ti- fur|iii'';i dy. With tiie tile of a duchy. It has a | ary thint; of f'rls kind wtiich hns bren dciiB good ni inul't^kire of cjoih, and is Tested 'lor gre^t niinihers of yci'ii. on the river cine, lo miles S. of Rouen, and 6^ N. W. ol I'urii. Lon. i. j. E lat. ^9. ao N. ELBtNn, a handfome, rich, and Aroni; town of Poland, in Kef^al PrulTia, and in the palatinate of M4tienbur<. It rifles on a confideiable tiacle, and the inhabitants ■re a mixture of Papilts and Frottftannt, It ii iubje£t to Pi Idnd, and is iVate- near the Baltic Sea, ^o miles 8 E. of Dan zi k, and 100 N. by W. of Warfaw L^ n 10. 5*. E lit. (,4.. 11. N. Elbocen, a town of Dohemia, capital of a circle of t iC fame name, with a flrong citadel) feated on the river Eger, 12 mi OK E. of Egra. Lon. la. 45 E. la' 50. 10 N. Elburg, a town of the United Pro- vinces, in Gu< Ideiland, fea'ed on the E. coall of the Zuider Zee, 10 miles W of Harlick, and 10 N. E. of Harderwick, Lon. 5. 5;. E. lat. 5a. 30. N. EtcATir, a town of Afia, in Arabia t'e Happy, on the wedern coaft of tiiC Gulplj of Perfia, with a good harbour ; 4; miles from Hafa, and 3^0 S. of BuHTerah. Lon. 53. 5 E. lat. a6, o. N. * Elcnb, a handfome hut fmall town EiciN, a town of Sc nl.ind, an.-l fapltal of &e coun'v of Murray, fca rd en the rivfr Lofay, ? milts S. of Murray Frit!i, and -,7 E. <.'f Inverncfv. Lon. 2, 45. W. lat. 57. 40. N • Elgin, a fhire of Scotlr.rd. ccmpre» bended in Murray, wliich dn i one mi.m- her to paliamcnt. El AM, or Eltham, a to'vn in Kent, with a market on Mt^ndays, and four f.'iiis, on Palm-Mondiy, Eaftcr-Mondiy, Whit* Moncia;, and Oi^ b;r ac, f >r horfes, cat- tle, and pe(Mars\«are It is 11 miles 8. of Cartel bury, and 62 S. £ ot Lcnc'on. Lon. I 12. E. lat. 51. 10. N. • El'amma, a town of Africa, in th« province of Tripoli, feated near a Like called the Lake if Lepers, becauTe it cures that difeafu. Lon. 10. 51. lat 34.. o. N. EtizAfiETH'shLANO lics on tlie coaft of New-England, in N. Ameri*. 1, luving Cape Cod to the N the ifland of Nantucket to the E. and the ifland of St Manin's- Vineyard to the W. The natives arc chiefly employed in the ftfherics, and it is fuhj;;^ to England. Lon. 70. 3. W. lat. 41 o. N. Elk HOLM, a fea-port town cf Sweden, of Spain, in the kingdom oi' Valencia, feated j in the province of Gothland, and tenitoiy on a fpot fruitful in dates and wine, lojof Blekint', feated on the Baltic Sea, ^4 miles S. W. of Alicanc. Lon. o. 10. W. lat. 38. 10. N. ELDXNHOLt, one of the wonders of the Peak in Derbyfhire. Endeavours have been made to find the bottom of it, but without fuccefs. 1 Elkphanto, an ifland of Afia, in tlie E. Indies, and on the coart of Malabar, 8 miles from the ifland of Bombay. It be- lv)ng$ to ttic Portugueic, and fcrves only to miles W. of Cariefcroon. Lon 14. 30. E. lar. 56. 15. N. Ellerkna, an epifcopal town of Sp.iin, in Eftremadura ; 50 miles S. by E. of Me- rida, and 52 N. of Seville. Lon. 4. 50. W. lar, 33. 8. N. EtLESDON, a town of Northumber'anf', wuofe Ma'ket is negUfled ; bu' ir liis one fair, on Augud 26, for horned oattls. flirt-i^, linen and woollen cloth. Iris 2Smi1'«i Cca N. EL T K. W. c? Kewcaftle, and 191 N. ll. E. of londoh Lon. i. 45. W. lat. 55. i%. N. EtLtsMEis, a town of Shrop(hiie, with a market on Tuefd^ys, and four fairs, en thp third Tuefday in April, V/hit- Tuefday, Auguft 25, and November 14, for horfes, (heep, and horned cattle. It is f«ated on the (ide of a large meer, in a f.nall, fcot rich and fertile diArift of the fame name, i6nailes N.N. W. of Shrewsbury, and 144 N. W. of London. Lon. 1. 55. W. lat. 52 %i. N. * CLMADtA,or Mahadia, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Tunis, in Bar- bary ; feated on the (hore of the Gulph of Capes, over-againft the idand of Shercara, 50 miles E. of Hammathe. It is quite fui- rounded by the fea, is well fortified, and has a good harbour ; was taken by the em- peror Charles V. but retaken foon after- wards. Lon. 2.47. W. lat. 35. 4. N. * Elmadina, a towttof Africa, in the kingdom of Morocco, and in the province of Hafcora, of which it is the capital. It is feated on the confines of Oucala, in a Cijuntry abounding in corn, wine and (heep. * £lme,St. a caO'sof theideof Malta, feated on a rock near the city of Valetta^ at the mouth of a very fine harbour. Elna,. a town of Spain, in the province of Catalonia, and territory of Rouflillon, now fubjeA to France. Is feated on the river Tech, near the Mediterranean, 6 miles S. E. of Perpignan. Lon. 3. 5. E. lat. 42. 30. N. Elsimbur G, afea-port town of Sweden, in the province of Gothland, and territory of Schonen, feated on the oppofue tide of the Sound, 7 miles £. of EUinore. Lon. jj. 6. E. lat. 56. 18, N. Elsinori, atown of Denmark, in the lAand of Zealand, feated on the Sound, or flr^ight at the entrance of the Baltic Sea, JKere all velfcls that pafs through the Sound pay toll to the king of Denmark. It is 18 miles from Copenhagen. Lon. a. 55. E. lat. 56. 58, N. * EtsTER, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, bstween Torgaw and Wittemburg, fe.-ited at the confluence of the rivers ElAer and Elbe. Lon, 13. 45. £. lat, 51. 28. N. * El STOW, a village in Bedfordfhire, a mile S. of Bedford, with two fairs, on May 14, and November 2 5, for all forts of cattle. * Eltkman, a town nf Franconia, in the bifhoprick of Wurtzburg, on the river JVUin* Lon. 10. 47. E. lat. 49, 58. N. * EiTOR, or Tor, a town of Afia in Turky, and in Arabia Petrtea, feated on ttie Red Sea, 50 miles S. of Mount Sinai. ^ <> 'J < w EMS It hts a cTtadel, where the Totks kave at< ways a gairifon. £t Ts, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of Lower Saxony, and biflieprick dt HiideOMim. It is feated on the river Leina, 1 1 miles S. W. of Hildcftieim, and 17 S. of Hanover. Lon. 9. 35. £. lat. 52, i;. N. Elvas, a ftrung town of Portugal, in Aleniejo, with a caille and a bifliop't fee. It is a large place, and one of the me{k im- portant in Portugal. The Areets art hand- fome, and the houfes weH bailt. There it a ciftern fo large, that it will hold water enough for the town for Ax months. It is brought by a magnificent aqveduJt, 3 mites in length, which isinfome places fupported by 4 or $ high arches, one upon another. On the fide of it is a forefl of olive-trees, 3 miles in length, among which are w»lks> and fine fountains. It was bombarded by the French in 1706, to no purpofe. It is near the river Guadiana, 50 miles N. E. of Evora, and ico £. of Lifbon. Lon. 5. t^, W, lat. 38. 44. N. Elwanc;*.^, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, witli a chapter, whofe pro- voft is a prince of the empire, and k>rd of the town. It is feated on the river Ja«r, 17 miles S. E. of Hall, and 25 S. W. of Anfpach. Lon. 1 1. 18. E. lat. 49. 2. N. £i.y, a city of Cambridgcfhire, with a bi(hop's fee, and a market on Saturdays^ The fairs are, on Afcenfion day, for horfes } on Thurfday in the week that St. Luke's day fails in, that is Odlober 18, for horfes, cheefe, and hops. It i« feated on an ifland of the fame name, in a fenny country, on the banks of the river Oufe, which renders it very unhealthy. The bi(hop here has the fame power as in a county palatine, for he appoints a judge, holds the afiizes, goa^- delivery and quarter-fefTions of the peace, for the liberty ^ and yet it isi but an indif- ferent place, though the cathedral is a fiacely ftrudure, which has a lanthom of curieuo architedure. The city confiAs of only about 600 good houfes, and has but one good ftreet, well paved, the re(i being not paved, and very dirty. The aflvze$ are held here every twelve months; The rj%er is navigable from Lynn, and the town carries on a ptetty good trade ; it is 17 miles N, of Cambridge, and 69 N. by £. of London. Lon. o. 15. £. lat. 52. 24. N. * ^LY, a village of Glsmoreanftiire, its S. Wales, with one fair, on July 22, for cattle. Embdf.v, a handfome and ftrong town of Gtrmany, in the circle of Weftphaiia, and capital of a county of the fame name, called ^fo £, Fiiefliuid, wklt « very good hi}tbour. kl E N C Nrboar. Tt Is di^rided into thrCk parts, the Old-town, tlie Faldren, and the two fuburbs. The things worth notice are, tht town- boure, the library, and tlie cathedral church. The mod part of the inhabitants are Pro- teOants, or Cal<'inifts, and there are fome Lutherans, Papiflsj and Jews. It was for- merlj under the proteftton of the United Provinces, but thsy fold their right to tlic king of PrufTia in 1744, to whom it is now fubjcft. It is feared on the river Ems, near the fea, 1 5 miles N. E. of Groningen, and 45. N. W. of Oldenburg. Lon. 7. 3. E. lat. 53. ao. N. Emboly, a town of Tntky in Europe, and in Macedonia, with a Greek archbi- /hop's fee j fcated on the river Stro1non<», 40 miles N. E. of Salunichi, and 5 W. of Contetra. Lon. 24. 3. E. lat. 40. $i. N. Embrun, or Ambrun, a confldtrable fawn of France, in Daupkiny, and capitai of the Embronnois, with an archbifhop's fee, whofe cathedral is a handfome flruAure. It was taken by the duke of Savoy in 1 691 ; is feated near the river Durance, upon a craggy rock, 17 miles E. of Gap, and 55 S< W. of Grenoble. Lon. 6. 34. £. Jat. 44. 34. N. * Emessa, %n ancient town of Afta, in Syria, and in the government of the balhaw of Damafcus. There are i\\\\ feveral noble ruins, that (hew it was formerly a mag- nificent city. Emmrrick, a large, rich, and handfome town of Germany, in the circle of Well- phalia, and duchy of Cleves. It carries on a conficie'able trade with Holland, and is feated near the Rhine, S miles £. of Cleves, and 20 S. E of Nimeguen. Lon. 5. ai. E. lat. 51. 49. N. * Emmercrxbn, a village in Dorfet- fhire, with one fair, on Tuefday before Holy-Thurfday, for all forts of cattle. Em p 01.1, a town of Italy, in Tufcany, with a bidiop's fee. It is feated on the river Arfio, 17 miles S, W. of Florence, and 27. E. ofPifa. Lon. 11. 5. £. lat. 43. 4».N. Ems, a river of Germany, which has it6 fovrceln the county of Lippe, in Weftpha- lia. It runs firft weftward, through the county of Ritberg, and then turning N. pafles throueh the county of Tccklinberg, and continuing its courfe N. through the county of Embden, difcharges itfelf into the Dolart-bay, at the town of Embden. Enchwysbn, a fea-port town of the United Provinces, in Holland, formerly much more confiderable than at prefent, ^ciuft its harbour is filling up every day. It is feated on ttie Zuder-zee, 8 miles N. E N G E. of Hortt, and 15 N. E. of Amfferdirfi, Lon. 5. 10. t. lat. 52. 49. N. * Encopek, a town of SwedHi, in tfko province of Upland, feaced on Melltor-Lake, 40 miles W. of Stockholm. Lon. 16. 30. £. lat. 59. 50. N. * Ending, a town of Germany, \t% Suabia, and in Brifgaw j it was forntferly free and imperial, but now belongs lo the houfe of Auftria. It is feated near the Rhine, 10 miles below Brifach. ENriiLD, a town of Middlefnt, with t market on Saturdays, and one fair, on No- vember 29, for horfes, cows, and cheeft, ft ftands in Enfield-Chace, and is 11 miles N. of London. Lon. 0. 20, £. lat. 51. 40. N. * ENOADint, a country of the Grifon^ in Germany. It is a valivy, and lies on l^h* fide of the river Inn, from the fource of that river as far as Tyrol. It has no confidera- ble town, thoQgh it is divided into the higher and lower. Engkhs, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of the Lower Rhine^ and in the elefto- rate of Treves or Triers, capital Of a county of the fame name. It is feated on the Rhine, T7 miles N. of Coblentz. Lon. *. 46. W. lat. 50. 3f;. N. Enchien, a rich town of the Nether- lands, in the county of Hainhault, fatnoo^ for a battle fought near it in 1692, betwecA the French and Englifh, when the former were viftorious ; this is commonly called the battle of Steinkii k. It is 1 5 miles S. W. of Bru^els, and 1 5 NT, of Mons. Lon. 3. 5. E. lat. 50. 40. N. Engia, or Engina, aniflandofTurky in Europe, lying on a gulph of the fanre name, between Acaya and t^e Morea, and is about 21 miles S. of Athens, ^o E. at Corinth, and is about 30 in circumference. It it a fruitful country, and abounds with patridges to fuch a degree, that the people are fummoned annually to deOroy their eggs, in order to preferve their corn. There is a town upon it, of the farrre name, which confiAs of about 6co houfes. Lon. 24. 9. E« lat. 37. 45. N. En Gt AND, a confiderable country of Eu- rope, and the principal part of the ifland of Great Britain, furrounded on all fides by the fea, except, where Scotland lies, to the N. It is 400 meafured miles in length, from Berwick upon Tweed to ChicheAer ; and 370 in breadth, from Dover in Kent, to Senan in Cornwall. But in other places it varies greatly, particularly in the brradth ; for it grows narrower (but not gradually) from the fouthern coaft to the town of Ber- wick : therefore it would be worth while, lor E N G Ibr a more particular account of it, to con* Mt a good map. It is happily lituatcd t^ith regard to trade, there being many good towns and harbours on the fea-coaft, which are particularly taken notice of in their proper places. The air is generally wery good and wholefome, except in the hundreds of E^Tex and Kent, (he fenns in Lincoinfliire and Cambridgethire, and fome other low marihes near the fea. The win- ters indeed aie f&metimes rainy and fuggy, and the weather is fubjeA to great variations, which, however. Hoes not much impair the health o^ the inhabitar.t« who are ac- cuftomed thereto, for they generally live as long as in any other countries, and we iiave frequent inllances of people who have lived to a very great age; particulaily Henry Jenkins, a Vorkihire man, who was i68 years old when he died j and Thomas Parr, of ShropHiire, who was 152, and might bave lived longer, if he had not been fent for up to court as a curiofity. The frequent rains, tho* they may fometimes damage the hay and corn, have yet their peculiar advantages { for upon that account thiy have generally good paftures through- out the year- There are thunder-ftorms, hurricanes, and earthquake^, as in other c«untries ; but they are, in general, lefs violent, and do lefs damage. The princi- pal rivers are the Thames, the Severn, the Trent, and the Oufe ; befides a great num- ker of others, which will be taken notice of in their proper places. England is a level and open country ; for what hills there are, of any note, are chiefly towards the north : for this reafon, it is extremely proper for the diverflon of hunting. There are fome remarkable forefts ; as Windfor Foreft, the Foreft of Dean, and the New Foreft ; which laft was made by William the Conqueror, who demoliflied feveral towns and villages, and thirty-fix parifli- churches, in order to make it. The foil is different in different parts, but in general very fruitful. There are indeed many heaths, downs and barren places, which, however, generally produce grafs enough to feed flocks of fheep : befides, it is thought, that the care and diligence of good hufbandmen might turn many of them to great advantage. It produces all forts of fruits, trees, and herbs which are proper to the climate : it mud be acknowledged there are no vines that are fo tit to produce good wine, as in warmer countries ; but then there are variety enough which yield good grapes that are made ufe of as other fruits. However, there arc great quantities of cy- der, perry, mead, and feveral kinds o< made wires ; but the principal diit^ of the E N O generality is beer, or ale. The Engliftv wool is fafnous all over the world, as well as the manufaAures made therefrom j par- ticularly broad cloth, which is not to be equalled in any other country. There might alfo be excellent linen manufactures^ if it was worth while ; but as they are come to a great perfedion in all kindd of linen in Scotland and Ireland, where they can be made cheaper, we are now chiefly fupplied from thence ; what linen we have made aniongHt us, is generally the coarfer fort, known by the name of dowiafs. Here are all forts of materials for building ; and there are excellent Aone-quarries in feveral parts. Tlib 6ring is pit- coal, woo'l, and turf^ which \x.{i is ufed where coals aie dear ; but in moft counties there is plenty of pit-coal. It is generally faid that there might be found coal-mines on Black- Heath ; but they are not permitted to be opened, becaufe the fliips which bring coals from NewcaAle to London, are a nutfery for feamen. No country in the world is better provided with horfes of all forts, and for every ufe j and particularly with regard to race ho:fes, they aie feldom equalled by thofe of other coun- tries. There are dogs of every kind, except wolf-dogs, which, fmce the wolves were deftroyed in England, have been generally negleded j however, the race of theie ani- mals is flill maintained in Ireland. But there is one fort that is not to be equalled in any part of the world, which is the bull- dogs ; for thefe will not only attack the fiercefl bull, but any kind of wild beaf^ } nor can any thing, when they have once faflened upon the animal, oblige them to let go their hold. Bur, what is more flrange, when any of them are tranfported beyond fea, they lofe their courage ; and the fame is faid of Englilh cocks. With regard to minerals, there are mines of iron, tin, lead> copper, and in fome places filver, befides others of lefs note. As for the curiofities^ they will be mentioned in their proper places, when the counties in particular arc treated of. As for the mant.ers, cudoms, and abilities of the inhabitanf:, nothing need be faid, becaufe they fall under every one's own obfervations J nor yet of the govern- ment, religion, and laws, of which very few can be ignorant. Lat. from 49. 50. to 55- 45- England, New, a country of N. Ame- rica, fettled by the Engliili. It compre- hends four p.-irts viz. Maflachufets, New Hampihire, Conne£licut, Rhode-Iflanri, and Providence plantation. It is bounded by Canada on the N, W. by Nova-Scotia, or Acadia, on the N. £. by the ocean on the E. as well n ) par- E N G 1, and S. and by New- York on the W. keint; ^oo miles in Icngtii, and loo in breadth. As it lies between 41 and 46 de- free* .>f latitude, cne would imagine the air ihould be temperate at all times of the year ; and yet we find the w inte^ s are far more fe- vere, and laO lon^i^er, than in Old England ; the ground being covered with fnow, and the froft continuing for fevcral months. This renders the fummer more fhort, but then they are much hotter than with us. However, we do not find but the climate is as healthy as mod of our American planta- tions ; and we have reafon to believe, that they all will be without exception in this re fpeft, when tJie woods are in fome meafure cleared away, and the countries become more open, that the air may have a more free circulation. The parts above men- tioned have all diftin£l charters, and have generally different governors. That of MaflTachufets colony is appointed by the crown, as well as all the oifijers of the ad- miralty , and all the judges, juflices, and Sheriffs, are nominated by the governor and council. The governor has a negative in the choice of any member of the council j nor is any aft of government valid, with- out the governor's confent in writine; : be- fides, all laws of the general afTembly are fent to England to receive the approbation of the council. The colonies of ConneQi- «ut 4nd Rhode Ifland are dilUnA govern* ments, and independant of each other; but their conflitu'ion is much the fame. They have power to eleft their own governor, deputy-governor, council, and affembly ; to appoint officers, both civil and military ; and to make their own laws. The colony of New Hampfhire depends immediately on the crown, and the king appoints their go- vernor, lieutenant-governor, and council, magiftrates, and efficers ; but the freemen eleft their reprefentativcs, er lower lioufe. However, the laws of all thefe are liable to be altered and repealed by tl'c parliament of Great Britain. We fhall fay nothing of the pioduftions of this country, as they have nothing different from the colonies round about them. And as for the uncommon animals, they muft he more fcarce than in other parts of America, becaufe New Eng land is in a manner furrounded by the other plantations, and as they take no care of the breed of any creatures but what have been brought from Europe. The lani near the fea is generally low j hut farther up the couhtry there are a few hills, and ihe N. E. part is rocky and mountainous. When the wind is at N. W. it muft needs blow over a v^ft track of land covered wilh fnow and ice, E P H which it tlie principal reafon that tha wintar is fo very fevere in thefe parts. Nothing need to be faidof the manners or difpofition ' of the inhabitiints, as they all originallf came from England. With legard to their religion, they are of the independent per- fuafion ; and they at firfl perfecuted evcrf other feft that differed from them; nor ' would they fuffer them to have any pofta or places under the government. However, ' at prefent, there is a greater harmonf ' among Chrif^ians of all perfuafions. * £no, or Enos, a town of Turkyia Afia, and in Romania, near a gulph of the fame name, with a Greek archbilhop't fee. It is 125 miles W. of Conftantinopio. Lon* 26. 1 5. E. lat. 40. 46. N. Ens, a town of Germany, in Upper An* ftria, fcated on a river of the fante nanta* I a mites S. £. of Lintx, and 90 W. of Vi- enna. Lon. 14. 47. £. lat. 48. ix. N. * Ens, a river of Germany that rife* near St. Weit, in the archbifhoprick of Saltzburg ; croffes one part of Stiria, wafhea Sreir and Ens in Auftria. and foon after falls into the Danube. Ensisheim, a town ofFranee, int7ppcr Alfacc, of which it pretends to be the ca- pital. It is feated on the river III, 10 mile*' S. W. of Brifach, and 45 S. by W. of Strafburg, Lon. 7. 17. E. lat. 47. 5a. N. Enskirkkn, a town of Germany, in Weflphalia, and in the duchy of Juli^rt,' 10 miles N. W. of Juliers, and 15 S. W. oC Cologn. Lon. 5. 21. E. lat. 50 58. N. Entrk-Ddero-x-Minho, a province of the kingdom of Portugal, about 45 miletf In length, and as much in breadth. Braga is the capital town. EntreTayo, and GuabiAno. See Alentejo. Entrevaux, a town of France in Pr*^ vence, feated on the river Var. Lon. 7; II. E. lat. 44. I. N. * ErERiFs, a town of Upper Hungarf, and capital of the county of Saros, remark- able for its fairs and mines of fait. It is feated on the river Tatza, 20 miles N. of CafTovia, and 115 E. by N. of Prefburg. Lon. zT. I. E. lat. 48. 50. N. Ephesus, an ancient and celebrated town of Turky in Afiri, and in that part of Natolia anciently called Ionia. It is now called Ajafalouc ; and has Aill many re- mains of its ancient fjslendor. There is nothing to be feen about it but heaps of marble, overturned walls, columns, capi- tals, and pieces of (latues, heaped upon one another. The fortrefs, whiiih is upon att eminence, feems to be the work of the Greek empsrort. The taftero {atp hat $bree ERF: thfiM badb rcIUvos, taken (rom (bme Hn- ci^Qt mitaumcnts j tli«t ia the middU was cQiiftru^oH J>y tlie KomatOi. Th« moft re m4r||i»bi« ftruClore of «ll, WMt ttve tem- ple of Pian^, >»'bich the Ancient ChriOianit ha4 tiuoetl iato acKyrcli ; but it ii now To cr^r<(fly ruined, that it i» no eafy matter to fiq4 th,e grouod-piot : however, there ar« Come rwips of the w»iU, and of five or fix n^aible columns, ^It of « piece, 40 fe'et in lepglb* aitd 7 in diameter. It is f^ated near a gulpb of the fanoe name, and has Hti\ 9 g9od hjtrbour, 40 miles S. of Smyrna. haa. 30. 3 J. E. lat. 37. s8. N. Gruvs, 9 province of Tuiky in Eu- rope, bovoded on the N. by Albania, on the E. by Theflaiia, on the S. by Achaia, ao4 on the W. by the fea. It has the name of N*W IKpiTDS* tp diAinguiilt it from the aapieift country of thj^t name. It is divided Into two p^rte, Chinfiera, or Canina, which liM to this N> and Cirta, to the S. St. Jw'19* >S the capital t^wa. It is all in the IVT'dl of tbe Turks, except Parga, wbich bcloiiig) to the Venetians. Efpinc, a towp of EHTex, with two T^^UetV op Thurfdaya for cattle, and on F(id^( f a tovvn of Germany, in tbe talitiivtfa of the Rbin?;. with a callte. It i# 6»4ted 99 the rivei ^fa^^, 1 7 miles N. B. •f Philipfburg, and if'N. W. of Hailbron. I911. 9. »9. E. lat. 39. 19. N. Epbom, a town of Surry, much fre- ttyented 9n account of the waters ; and in IncfMfan it is well fuppliedwith provifions every day ; but it has only one fair, on Jtily %S> f^' ('^y- It ''^^ ■" ^ pUafant otu«tiao, is full of houfes of entertainment, (9F thofy that refort to the wells, and on the ikci^bouriog Downs 9re borfe- races every y4Wt Thf waters have a purging quality, |t is 15 miles $. W, by S. of London. Lon. 9. 1$. W. l^t. 51. »5. N. 9 £|>W0*TH> 3 village in Lincolnfhire, 5 miU» S. S. W. pf Burton, with one fair, ■ on S«pt«n)bfr 9, £or cattle* hemp, and flay- if FORT, a town of Germany, capital of Uppfr TtiUringia, with an univerfity. It %)f4s formerly imperial, but is now fubjcfi Uf tbf «ledor of Mf ntz. It is a large place, (Pontni.JQg 380 ftrsets ; byt thinly peopled ; i^.wM by two flrong forty, ^nd fur- E R L roundedl with ditches full of wa'er. A fire happened bete in 1736, wbich butnt down I So houfes, and r«vcral churches. It it feated on the river Geie, 30 miles S. E. of Mulhaufen, and 50 N. by £. of Coburg. Lon. 1 1. 8. E. lat. 51. 4. N. Its territory comprehends 73 villages, and tbe inhabi- tants are at fo fmall a diAance froot t$ towns, that they can go to each and return the fame day. With regaid to religion, the principal magiilrate is fometimes a Pro- tefiant, and fomeiimes a Papift } but the greatcft part of the burgi ers are rrotcftanti. There are thiee fine hbra/ies, one of which belongs to the Papills, anotho- to the um« ver(ity, and a thiid to the Prottftant mini- Aers. They have a bell of a prodigious fize, which is 15 ells, in circun>f«reDce, ani 5 in height. Er IS- Lake, in N. America, lies be<- tween 41 and 4a degrees of north latitude* It communicates with the Lake Ontario, by the ftraight of Niagara, io which thei« is a prodigious water fall or cartata£V. * Erisso, a town of Tuiky, in Ada, and in Macedonia ; it is a bilhop's fee, and is feated at the botiom of tlie gulph of Monte- SanAo. Erivasi, a town of Afia, in Perfia, anil capital of Perfian Armenia, with an Arme- nian patriarch. It is a large place, de- fended by a fortrefs, wherein is the gover- nor's palace, and by a caftle, fome diAanc« from the town ; which is felted en the river Zuengiii, near a great lake of its owi| name. The Meidan is « great open iquare* 4co paces over, wherein arc very fine trees. The baths and caravanUri'^s iiave likewiff their beauties, but the cl.urcbcs of .lieChri- Aians are fmall, and hair un'ie ; ground* The lake is very deep, and 60 miles in cir» cumference, being well Aocked uith carps and trouts. There is a biidge over th^ river, which has apartments under it, vwher^ the governor comes fomeiimes for di\ erfion. It is 105 miles H. W. of AAabat, and 20# £. of Erzerum. Lon. 44. 50. £. lat. 4Q. ao. N. Erkelkns. a town of Germany, in tbe circle of WeAphalia, anc! duchy of Juliert, with a caAle ; lo miles N. of Juliets, and feated on the river Rout. Lon. 5. 47. E« lat. 51. 6. N. • Er LANG, a town of Germany, in the circle of Franccnia, and marquifate of Cuiembacli ; feated on the river Regnitz, l» miles N. W. of Nuremberg, and 20 S, of Bamberg. There are a girat number of French refugees heie, for wi';om houfes are built, called Nuerlarg, with a new churfcli forth^ir ufe. Lpni ii. 7.£.]at. 49. 38 N,' 5«» A flrtr t down It i« S. B. of Coburg. territory inhabi. rom aS d return eJigiorr, s a Pro- but the teftanti. { which th« uni- nt mini- odigiou(( act, an«l ESC ^EiMtNeTON, a TilUgeirtDevonfhire, with one fair, on Fcbraary' 3, for horned cattl«. * EtPACH, a town of Germany, in the circle of Franconia, 30 miles S. E. of Franckfort. Lon. 8. 50. E. iat. 49. 41. N. Ekpacw, a caftle of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, with a town, capital of the county of the fame name ; 8 milei S. E. cf Uim, Lon. 8 47. E Iat. 48. 23. N. ERQ.UIKO, a fea-port town of the Red Sea, on the coaft of Abex, in Africa, and rubjeA to Turky. It is jso miles S. W. of Mecca. Lon. 39. 5. E. Iat. 17. o. N. F.R SERUM, a laige and flrong town of Turky, in Afra, with Armenian and Greek biOiops fees, and a beglerbeg. It ftands in a peninfuia, formed by the fources of the river Euphrates, called Frat by the Turks ; is a pretty large place, 5 days journey from the Black Sea, and 10 from the frontier' of Perfia, built in a beautiful plain, at the loot of a chain of mountains, fruitful in all forts cf corn. Wood is very fcarce, for which reafon thdr fuel is only cow- dung. It is farrounded with double wzlls, defended by fquare towers. The Turks, who are all Janifartes, are about 12,000 in num- ber ; they are moft of them tradefmen, and receive no pay. The Armenians have two churches, the Greeks but one. The latter are moftly briziers, employed in making copper veflTels; and, as they are always making a noife, night and day, with their hammers, they are obliged to live in the fubarbs. They drive a great trade here in furs and gall-nuts. This town is a tho- rough-fare, and a refting- place for the ca- ravans which pafs to the Indies. Their merchandizes are Perflan filks, cottons, ca- licoes, and drugs. Lon. 41. 15. E. Iat. 40. o, N. ESCAWT. SeeSCHKLD. EscHBLtcs, a town of Savdy, 6n the frontiers of Dauphiny, 5 miles from the Great Charireufe, remarkable for its mar- ble fepulchre, 16 miles S. W. of Chamber- ry, and 20 N of Grenoble. It ftands on the confines of DaupHiay, in France, on the river Guire le-Viv, near a broad caufe- way, at the end of which is part of a rock cut thorough, which was formerly impafli- ble. Lon, 5. tz. E. Iat. 45. 20. N. • EscHWBGCM, a town of Germany, in the landgravate of HelTe Caflel, and fubje£t to the landgrave. It is Ceated on the river Warra, 12 miles S. E. of Hefle Caflel. Lon. 9. 46. E. Iat. 17. 51. M. EscLAvoNiA. See Sciavohia. Esc a I AL, a famous village of Spain, in New Caftile, where PtiiUp II. buUt a f«mous E S K menaftery in 1563, in memory tt tfie vte« tory gained over the French near St. Quin- tin ; it is called by the Spaniards the eighth wonder of the world. It confiiib of a royal palace, a church; cloiflers, a college, a li- brary, fhops of different artifts, apartments for a great nvmbllB of people, beautiful walks, large allies, an exttnfive park, and Ane gardens, adorned with a vaft number of fountains. It Aands in a diy, barren country, furround«d with rug[,ed inoun-' tains, and where nothir)g grows but what is cultivated with extraordinary care. It it- built with grey ftones, found in the neigh- bourhood, and was the principal reafon cf its being ercAed on fo difagreeable a fpot. They worked at this ftruAure is years, and it coll 6,000,000 of crowns; fome fay the expence was 20,000,000, but then they muft mean French livres. It is a long fquare of 280 feet, and 4 ftnries high ; they reckon 800 pillars, xj,ooo(quare windows, and 14,000 doors. The liioft remarkable part is the vaulted chapel, wherein is a magnificent fepulchre, called the Pantheon,- becaiife it is built in imitation of that church at Home; it is the burying-place of tie kings and queens of Spain, and is thought by fome to be the moft curious piece of architeftuie in the world. The fathers, which belong to the monaftery, are 200 iit number, and have an income of 40,000 ducats a-year, which is fufficient to main- tain them in gleat plenty. The church H built after the model of St. Peter's at Rome; It was taken by the allies in 1706, and ii feated on the river Guadara, 1 5 miles N. W. of Madrid. Lon. 3. 35* W. Iat. 40. 35 N. EsiNS, a town of Germany, in Weft- phalia, and in the county of Emhden, feat- ed on the fea caafl, 25 miles N. of the town of that name. Lon. 6. 54. E. Iat. 54. o. K. * EsPAKAiK, a town of Afia, in thi province of Chorazan, famous for the great number of wri ers it has produced. It ii 90 miles E. of Aftrabad. Lon. 41. 23. E. Iat. 36. 48. N. * EsHCR, a village in Surry, 5 miles S. W. nf Kinghon, with one fair, on Auguft 4, for horfes. Esx, a river, which is part of the boun* dary between England and Scotland, and, running from N. E. to S. W. falls into the Solway Frith, giving name to a diftiift of Scotland, called Efkdale EoKrMAux, a country of N. Amerietf otherwife called New-Britain, and Terra- de- Labrador; inhabited by a favage fort of people, who have no fixed abode,, bat rove D d from ES^N- from place to place) for they fomettmet come at far S.as Newfoundlaind, and fome- timea are met with on the coafts of the Arai:a and bays that the Englith have been in when they went in fearch of the N. W. paflfage. They are or a diflerent race from the other na'ive Americans, for, at they have no beards, thefe have them fo tliitk and large, that it is difficult to difcover any features of their faces j they have fmall •yes, large diity teeth, and black ruf^ged hair; they are of fo bad a dirpofition, thar they aUvayj endeavour to do what mifchitt Ihey can to ftianvers : tliey will come, in the niglit-time, to cut the cables of (hips which lie at anchor, that they may be wrecked on the coaft, and fomenmes at tack Ihips in the middle of the day, it they And their companies are but fmall. It is impoffible to civilize them ; for they never will come near thofe that want to traffick with tliem, nor will they eat any thing that is prefented them. They are always veil cloathed, for there is nothing to be feen but part of their faces, aod their hands They have a fort of fliirts, made of filhes guts, with a coat of bear or biids (kins,- and a cap on their heads. They have like- r/'i(e breeches, made of (kins, with the hair within, and coveted with furs without; fpme fay, they wear three or four pair of thefe breeches at a time. They have alfo two pair of boots, one over another, of the fame fort of fkins. In the. fummer- time they have nothing to cover them in the night, but in the winter they lodge together promifcuouHy in caves or grottos. The drefs of the women is near the fame as that of the men. They are very fuperliiti ous, and have fome fort of facrifices ; their chief employment is hunting and fidiing. This country lies to the N. of the Rreat ri- ver of St. Laurence, and is bounded on the £. by the fea, and on the W. by Hudfop's Bay. EsLiKCEN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and duchy of Wirtem- burg. It is an imperial city, or fovereign flate, and pretty large, having 5 fuburbs. The prevailing religion is the proteftant, though there are fcveral convents. The duki of Wirtemburg is their proteflor. It is feated on the river Neckar, 5. iniles S. E. of Stutgard, and 30 N. W. of Ulm. i.on. 10. 15. E. lat. 4S. 40. N. EsNAY, or AsNA, a town of Egypt, in Africa, feated on the wcftern banks of the Kile, and f^ppofed to |?e the ancient Sye- na, but Norden thinks it was f^atopolis. It is a large place, adorned with a mcfque, «od is the relidence of ao Arab iheick. In ESP the middle of Efnay thpre it an ancient temple, with walls on three Odes, and ii> the front 24 columns, very well pteferved ; they fupport itones, placed crofs-waya, on which great tables are laid, which form a roof. There are high hieroglyphical figures on aimed eveiy part, but thofe on the in- fide do not feem to be done by the fame hands, for they are much better. Dr. Po- cocke vifited this ancient temple, and fawr the figure of a women (itting, carved in fe- veral parts of the wall, for which rcafon he takes it to be the temple of Pallas at Lato- polis ; he tells us the capitals of the pillars are fomewhat like Corinthian: however, there are feverai forts. Within the temple are three (lories of hieroglyphicks, of men about three feet high, and at one end the lowed fi pears to have been ufed as a church, for there are feverai infcriptibns on- the wall, in black letters. On the N. fide of the town of Efnay is another tennple, with pil- lars, though different from the former, fomewhat like the Corinthian order. The whole building is very richly carved, with hieroglyphicks j there is one man with a goat's head and another with that of a crocodile, both cut over the middle of the door, oppofite to the entrance ; there ate other crocodiles heads, as alfo whole cro> codiles, which renders it probable that thisi animal was worfhiped here. However, it mud be obferved, that Strabo mentions the city of Crocodiles as didin^l from Aphrodi- topoli^ and Latopolis. A mile to the S. of Efnay is the monadery of St. Helen, by whom fome fay, it was founded. It now appears to have been a large burying- grnund, and there are many magnificent tombs, with a dome, and 4 arches, befides a little rupola or m-~ ^>p. Some of them have a CTofs, and others an eagle, with a (hort Greek infcription. There are now two monks in the convent, and the church is mean. Efnay lies near the grand cataraft. Lon. 35. I. E. lat. 23. a6. N. • EsPARTEt Cap«, the mod N. Wj promontory of Africa, lying at the entrance of the Strait of Gibi altar. EspiiaEs, a -.own of the AudHan N«« tharlands. ESS tfierlandt, in Flanders, JTeated on the river Scheld, 10 miles N. of Touiniy, and ii 5. W. ofOudenard, , Lon. 3. 15. E. lac. jO. 44. N. * EsrcRiK, a town of Hungaiy, near which arie the famous fait mines. It is 15 milei N. of Cafhaw, and 40 N.of Tockay. Lon. 20. 50. E. lat. 48. 50. N. * EspCK NAY, in ancient and handfome town of France, in Champaign, with an Auguftine abbey. It is agreeably feated on tht river Marne, in a fertile country whlth p)-odtice$ excellent wine, i^ miles N. W, of Chalons, and 75 E. by N. of Paris. Lon. 4. II. E. lat. 49. 2. N. • EsrERNOK, a town of France, in Beauce, feated en the river Guede, 5 miles from Chaitres. Lon. o. 45. E. lat. 48. 35« N. EspiNAt, a confiderable town of Lor- rain, near the mountains of Vofge, with an itbhey of canonelTes, who are all noble. It is remarkable for the paper-works near it. The fortifications are rtemolirhed. It is feated on the river Mofelle, 35 miles 5. E. of Nanci. Lon. 6. ^j. £. lat. 48. ax. N. • EspiNosA, the name of two fmall iflands of Spain, the one in Bifcay, and the ether in Old Cadile. EssKCK. a confiderable trading town in Hungary, in Sulavonia, in the county of Walpon, with a ftrong caftte, and a mag- nificent bridge over the marfhes, 8865 (reo* metrical paces in length, and i s in breadth. It is a difRcult pafs, and there have been fe- veral battles fought here, between the Turks and Chii[\ians. There are towers built on the bridge, a quarter of a mile diftant from each other, and it is handfomely raifed on each fide. There are trees in all the ftreets of the town, which was taken from the Turks by the Imperialifts in 1687, fince which time it has continued in the hands of the houfe of Auftria. It is feated on the ri. ver Drave, 90 miles W, by N. of Belgrade, and 175 S. by E. of Vienna. Lon. so. 55. £. lat. 45. 36. N. EssKN, a town of Germany, in Weft- phalia, formerly free and imperial, but now fubjeA to the abbefs of EfTen ; 10 miles N. E. ofDuifburg, and 15. N. of Doiften. Lon. 6. 19. E. lat. 51. 25. N. * EssBQu IB I A, a rich and confiderable country of Guiana, in S. America; its her- ders are inhabited by favages, who are great drunkards, and both men and women go fta k naked. \ Essex, an Englifh county, 44mnet in ■length, and 42 in breadth, bounded on the S. by the river Thamcf, on the W. by E S T '^ Hertforrffhtre and Midrflefcx, on the N. by Cambridt;eniire and Suffolk, and on the £• by the fca. It contains 34,800 houfes* 208,800 inhabitants, 41 5 paiifhtrt, and 27 market-towns; the produdtions are com, fifh, fowls, cKith, fluffj, hops, oyflers, and f^fTion, which laA is the bed in the woild* The rivers, befides the Thames, are, the Stour, the Lee, the Coin, the Ghelmer, the Crouch, and the Roden. The air in the inland parts is healthy, but in the marfhes, near the fea, produces agues, particularly in the hundreds. It fends 8 mtmhers tn parliament The county-'own is C! elms- ford, but ColcheAer is the largeft and mod famous. • Est A IN, an ancient town of France, in the duchy ot Bar, 1 5 miles N. £. of Verdun. Lon. 5- 43. E. lat. 49. i ^. K. EsTAMPis, a confiderable town of France, in Beauce, with the title of a du« chy, feated on the river Juine, in a fer- tile country, 15 miles E. of Chartres, and 3a S. of Paris. Lon. x. 10. E. lat. 4S. 25. N. EsTAPLXs, a town of France, in Picar- dy, and in Boulonnois, not fo confiderable as it was formerly. It is feated at the mouth of the river Canches, 10 miles S. of Boulogne, and 122 N. of Park. Lon, I. 43. E. lat. 50. 31. N. • EsTAPo, a (trong town of Amerfca, In New Spain, inhabited by Spaniards and native Americans j feated at the mouth of the river TIaluc. Lon. 106. 55. W. lat. 17. 50. N. • EsTARKE, ah ancient town of A (iff in Perfia, feated in a country abounding in wine and dates, 30 miles from Schiras. • EsT«AVAY«R, a haodfome town of SwifiTerland, in the canton of Friburg, with a fine caf\le ; feated on the eafiern banks of the lake of Neufchatel. Lon. 6. 55- E* lat. 46, 46. N. EsTE, a town of Italy, in the territory of Venice, 20 miles S. E. of Vicenza, and 15 S. W. of Padua. Lon. 12. 8. E. lat. 45. 15. N. EsTKiLA, an epifcopal town of Spain, in the kingdom of Navarre, and capital of a territory of the fame name ; feated on the river Ega, 15 miles W. of Pampelona, and 25 N. of Calahorra. Lon. o. 15. E. lat. 42. 3$. N. EsTCP A , a town of Spain, in Andalufia, with an ancient caOle, (landing on a moun- tain J 1$ miles S. of Eciga, and 62 N. by W. of Malaga. Lon. 5. 9. W. lat. 37. le* N. Estonia, i province of the RufT^an em* pire, lying to the Eaft of the Bahtck Sea. D d » . If I i E T H tt U bounded on the N. by the golph of Finland, on the E. by Ingria, and on the S. by Livonia j has the title of a duchy, and was conArmcd to Ruflia by the treaty of NeuOadt. EiTRAMADUR/t, a province of Spain, about 175 miles in length, and 100 in breadth, bounded en the N. by the king. dom of Leon and Old Caftile, on the E. by New-Caftile, on the S. by Andalufia, and on the W. by Portugal. It abounds in corn, wine, and fruits, but tlie air is bad for ftranf;ers, on account of the ex- cefTive heat. It now makes part of Ne«r- Caftile. IsTa AMADOR A, a province of Portugal, lying about the mouth of the river Tajo, bounded on the N. by the province of Bei- ra, on the E. and S. by Alentejo, and on |he W. by the Atlantic Ocean. It abourds in wine, excellent oil, honey, and oran«;es. Here the oranges were fird planted that v/9Te brought from China, and whicli are known by the name of China orant^es. Lisbon is the capital town, and of all For- tugal. EsTRKMos, a town of Portugal, in Alen- tejo, divided into two parts, the high town, and the low ; ths high is commanded by a citadel, built on the top of a hill, ftrongly fortified, and furrounded with a large ditch. All the houfes are white, and the principal are adorned with fine marble pillars. There is alfo a tower of the fame marble, fo finely J)oli(hed, that it glitters greatly when the un fhines uppn it. The lower town i^ aie yec dif- coveredt ■;a •..; 'Ht fix'i tJj v'' fons in its ruins. This mountain is 63 miles in circumference at the foot. £v, a fea-port town of France, in Upper Normandy, with a flrong caflle, and a hand- fome fquare. The principal trade is ia ferges and lace. It is feated in a Valley on the river Brele, 1 5 miles N. E. of Dieppe, and zo N. of Neuf-Chattel. Lon. i. 30. E. lat. 50. 3. N. EvAvx, a town of Franee, in the Bour.- bonnois, on the confines of Marche, %o miles from Mount-Loufon. Lon. x. 35. E. lat. 46. 15. N. EvKRDiNG, a town of Germany, in the circle of AufUia, feated on the S^ fide of the Danube, 12 miles W. of Lintz. Lon. 13. 50. E. lat. 48. aoN. Ever SHOT, a town of Dorfetfhire, with a market on Fridays, and a fair on May is, for bullocks, and toys; 9 miles N, W. of DorcheAer, and zz8 W. by S. of London, Lon. 2. 45- W. laf. 50. 48. N. * EvERSXEY, a village in Hampfhiret 8 miles N. of farnhaipi yfiiti t^o fairs, oa E.la^ , E U py M Mty i6, and OAober li, for catilc tod toy*. £VBIMAM( or EVKSHOIM, » tOWfl of WorcefterAur*, witb a market on Mbndaya, and four^ fairs, on February 2, th« fuA Monday after Eafter, Whit- Monday, and SepUmber »i, for uttls and borfei. it ia feated on a hill which rifea with a gradual albent from the river Avon* which aianoA furrounds it, and over which it has a ftone bridge. It was formerly noted for iu ab- bey, and AiU contain* three parifli-churches, fends two members to parliament, and either had or has a confiderables manufac> turo of ftockings. Tbe market is pretty large for corn, cattle, and proviflons. It gives lUOM to an adjacent vale, reanarkable /or producing plenty of fine cocn. It is 14 miles S.£. of Worcefter, and95 N. W. by W. of London. Lon. a. o. W. lat. 5a. 1,0. N. EuGVBio, an eplfcopal town of Italy, in the territory of tbe Pope, and duchy of Urbino; 35 miles S. of Urbino, and 87 N. of Rome. Lon. 13. 37. £. Ut 43. 18. N. EviAN, a town of Savoy, in thoChab- lais, fieated on the S. fide of the lake of Ge< Beva, i» miles N. E. of Geneva, and 10 S. W. of Laufanne, Lon. 6. 50. £. lat. 46. a J.N. * Evoi.1, an ancient town of Italy, in tbe kingdom of Naples, and in the fiither Principato, with the title of a principality. It is 11 miles E. of Salerno. Lon. 8. ai. E. lat. 38. 4^. N. EvosA, a confiderabletown of Portugal, and capital of Alentejo, with an archbi- ihop's fee, and an univerfuy. It is feated almoft in the heart of the province in a country, though a little unequal, yet very pleafant, furrounded on all (ides with moun- tains, planted with large trees of divers forts. It may contain about 5000 burghers capable of bearing arms, and i«,ooo inha- bitants, and is very well fortified. It .is 40 miles E. by S. of Lifbon, and 50 S. W. of £lvas; Lon. 7. 10. E. lat. 38. a8. N. • EvoRA-Di-MoNTf, a towr of Psflu- gal, in the province. of Alentejo; 15 miles from Ebora, and S from Eltremos ; rematk- able for a baule gained here by the Portu- guefe over the CaQilians. EvpHKM IA, a fea port town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Farther Calabria ; feated oq a bay of the fea, 50 milesN E.ofReggio. Lon. 16. 31. E, lat. 39. o. N. Eu VHa ATss, one of the moft celebrated rivers in the wvrld, aod the principal of EUR Tttrky in Afia. It hat Ita rift abeot a day** journey froan Eraanim } and anockcr feurci abodt a days joumay from tha fanaa p l a ea . They both lie to tha eaftward, en high raountaioa covered with fnow almoA tha year round. The plain of Eraarom ia in* clofcd betwctn two fine ftreanu, which, when united, are called tha Eupbraica,or thn Frat. After th«ir jandion, three days jeur- ncy from Enerum, it begins to be navi* gable for boau | but Iba channel is fo rocky*. that the navigation is not fafe. At firft, it runs S. S. W. then S. till it appreachea ncareft to Aleppo } when it tnrns S. E. till it reaches Rakka. It afterwards turns mora to tbe S. till it comes to Mefhed j and tbca pafles S. £. again by Anna, Hit, Cnbeflh, and Fehigia ; and, not far from thence, vi« fits the fpot where Old Babylon Aood. le then fetches a compafs like a bow, till k runs E. and unites with the Tygris { and dill retaining its old name, runs down to Bufierab, and thence into the gulph of Perfia, about 50 miles below it. It firA divides Armenia from Natolia; then Syria from Oiarbeck } after which it runa throagia the Irac Arabi till it meets with the Tygrii, It is alfo the N. eaftern boundary of tbe great Defert of Arabia. * Evaa, a river of France, which hae its fource in Perche, and in the foreft of Logny. It falls into the Seine, a little above Pont-de-Arche, and is navigable for boats. EvR (OX, an ancient town of France, ia Normandy, with a bifhop's fee. The c»> thedral is a handfome ftroAure ; and tb« trade confifts in corn, linen, and woollen cloth. It is feated on the river Iton, »$ miles S. of Rouen, and 55 N. W. of Paria* Lon. I. 14. E. lat. 49. i. N. EuRiPus. See NecKoroNT. * EuRopz, called by the people of Afia Frank iftan, is one of the thiee general parte of our continent, and one of the four of tha habitable world. It is bounded on (he N* by the frozen or icy fea, on the S. by tha Mediterranean, on the W. by the weftera and northern Ocean, and on the E. by Afia* It lies between 9. 35. W. 71. *^. B. longt* tude, and between 3 5 and 7a degrees of N^ latitude, though it does not fill up all that fpace. From Cape St. Vincent to the mouthr of the river Oby, it is near 3600 milea ift length ; and, from Cape Matapatam in thn Morea, to the N. Cape in Lapland, It in about 2aoo miles in breadth. It i» nracb lefs than either Afia or Africa ; but fur* pafles them in many particulars t and is en> tirely within the temperate aoike, except a fmall part of Norway and Mufcovy y fe that thera E U R I there fs neither the exceflive heat, nor the infupportabJc cold, of the oilier parti of tht contincnf. . It does not abound in gold and liiver miaei, much Icfs in precious (tonei ; it produce* neither fugar nor fpicca { nor does it nourish jackal*, hy«nai, lynxes, leopards, tygeri, lions, rhinocerofes, ele- phants, dromedaries, camels, or crocodiles; but it produce! corn, wine, fruits, (heep, oxen, hotfei, and all other neceflaries of lifet Bcfides, it is much more populous, and better cultivated than either Afia or ilfrica. It ii fuller of villages, towns, and •itiev, and the buildings are more ftrong, elegant and commodious, generally fpeak- ing, than in the two former. The inhabi- tants are all whites, and, for the moft part, much better made than the Africans, or even Che Afiatics. With regard to arts and fci* ences, there is no manner of comparifon } nor yet in trade, navigation, and war. They are more civilized, prudent, fociable, and generous ; and confequently are neither fa> vage nor cruel, unlefs fpurred on by the sniAaken principles of religion. Whereas in Afia and Africa, there are people who Oiake robbery a profeiTion, and live by pil- laging merchants and others. With refpeA to the diviiion of Europe, it contains, Nor- way, Sweden, Denmark, Great Britain and Ireland, Mufcovy, France, Germany, Po- land, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Hungary, Swil« ferland, and Turky in Europe, befides feve- ral fmall iflands, in the Mediterranean and clfe .where. There are three emperors j namely, of Germany, Mufcovy, andTuiky, which laft is commonly called the Grand Seignior. The Pope is an ecclefiaftical prince, and yet has feveral territories under his do- ininion. The Kings are thofe of Great Britain and Ireland, France, Spain, Portu- gal, Poland, Pruflia, Denmark, Sweden, Sardinia, Hungary, and the Two Sicilies. Befides, there is an Archduke of Auftria, and a Great Duke of Tufcany. There are four confiderabie republics.; namely, Ve- Slice, the Aates of Holland, the Swirs Can- tons, and the republic of Genoa. There are four lefs, vis. of Geneva, Lucca, San Aiarino, and Ragufa. The languages are, the Latin, of which the Italian, French, and Spaniih, are dialeAs ; the Teutonic, from which proceed tliofc of Germany, Flanders, Holland, Sweden, Denmark, and England ; the Schvonian, ,which reigns (though in dif- guefe) in Poland, Moft:ovy, Bohemia, and a great part of Turky in Europe; the Cel- tic, of which there are dlakdls in Wales, the highlands of Scotland,, Ireland, Bretagne in France, and Lapland. Befides thefe, there ^re the Creek '>nd feveral others. The EXE principal rivers are/ the Danube and th*' Rhine, in Germany ) the Wolga and Dwi* na, in the RufDan empire ; the Lotie, in France; and the Severn and Thames, ii( England. The chief lakes are thofe of Con- Aance, inCermany ; of Geneva and Guarda, in Italy ; the Wener, in Sweden ; and of Ladoga and Onega, in Ruflia. The chief mountains are, the Pyrenean, in Spain ; the Alps, in Italy ; the Dofrin hills, in Sweden j the Grapach hills, in Hungary ; and fome of the mountains in Wales. The relif^ious of Europe are the Jewith, and the Chri- ftian ; divided into the Greek, Romifli, and Proieftant churches ; as alfo the Mahome- tan. EusTAci, or EusTATM, one of the leaft Caribbee iflands, in America, which is properly nothing but a mountain in the form of a fugar-loaf, whofe top is hollow. It is Arong by ficuation, and has a good fort. It lies to the N. W. of St. ChriOo- pher's, and to the S. E. of Sabat, and be- longs to the Dutch. Lrjii. 63. 55. W. lat. 16. 40. N. * EusuGAGuiN, a fVongtown of Afri- ca, in the kingdom of Morocco, and in the province of Hea. The inhabitants are the moft brutal of all Barbary, and their trade confiAs in wax and honey. * EuTiM, a town of Germany, in Hoi- fteia, with a caAle, where the bifhops of Lubeck have their refidence. It is 7 miles from Luoeck, and 3 from Keil. EvxiNB Sea. See Black SeA. * EwBL, a town in Surry, with a mar- ket on Thurfffays, and two fairs, on May It, and October 29, for horfes, bullocks, (heep, and toys. It is 10 miles N. £. by N^ of Dai king, and 14 S. E. by S. of London. Lon. o. II. E. lat. ;i. %^. N. * EwHURST, a village in SuflTex, with one fair, on July 25, for cattle and pedlars ware. ExsTtR, a city of Devonflilre, with two markets, on Wednefdays and Fridays, and four fairs, viz. on Afli-Wednefday, Whit- Monday, Auguft 1, and December 6, for horfes, horned cattle, and commodities of all forts. It is ccmmodioufly feated on the top of an eafy afcent on the eaAern bank of the river Ex, from whence it took its name, and over which there is a handfome Aone- bridge. It is a mile and a half in circumfer- ence about the walls and ditches; and, with its fuburbs, contains 15 parifli churches, and four chapciS of eafe, befides the cathe- dral, it being a bifhop's fee. It fuffeied greatly in the civil wars ; and its river was choaked up with fand. It has the title of an earldomjand is ftill inaflourifhingcon> ditioDy . F A E iiun^, driving ■ good trade. Hera are fa* veral rtreetl well-paveH, an liere inven' J ; )■ tttU na, 20 mill S. W. 0/ K. of Imoli. Lun n. )) lat. 4] * Fanlun, or Covrmaeac town of Sweden, and principal c lia. The fteeets are as flrait as ; there are two fquares, of which ei • and regular. To the left of this i% ^ rpMitnia church, with a very high Aeeple, covered with copper, and the gates of bronze. It is famous for its mines of copper j is 3a miUi W.ofGrevali, and aoE.of Hedemora* Lon. 16. o. E. lat. 60. 30. N. • Fa IK BACH, a village of Carmarthen- (hire, in South Wales, with one fair, OA November 22, for cattle, horfes, and ped- lars ware, Fairfield, a townof New-England, in the territory of Conntdlicut, feated near the fea-coa(t, 100 miles S W. of BoAoa« Lon. 82. o. W. lat, 41. o. N. Fairford, a town of GloucefterHtire* with a market on Thurfdays, and two fairs, on May 14, and November 12, for (heep, and cattle. The church was built for tlif fake of the glafs, taken in a Aiip going t9 Rome. It has 28 large windows, curioufly painted with fcriptuie hiftories, in cxtremt beautiful (;olours, and defigned by the fa- mous Albert Durer. It is a a miles S. E, of Gloucefter, and 78 W. by N. of London, Lon. I. 46. W. lat. 51, 42. N. Faisans, or pHtSANTS, an ifle formed by the river BidalToa, which feparates Franco from Spain ; is famous for the treaties con« eluded here between France and Spain, it having been looked upon as a neutral plaee'. Lon. I. 30. W. lac. 43. 25. N. Fakenham, a town of Norfolk, with • matket on Thuifdays, and one fair, for Scots cat'.le, which begins a little after Mi- I chaelmas, and lads 14 days. It is fituatcd en a hill, and lias one church, a quakeru meeting, and about 300 houfes, with pretty good Areets well-paved. The peo- ple amount to about 1000. It is 18 mile* N. W. of Norwich, and 1x0 N. N. E. of London. Lon. t. 0. E. lat. 52. $0. N. Falaisk, an handfome town of France, in Lower Normandy, with a caAle, and one of the fineA towers in France. It is remarkable for being the birth-place of William the Conqueror, accoiding to the opinion of moA ; tho' fome fay Arlotte, his mother, was born here. It carries on a good trade in ferges, linen ct'th, and lace ; feated on the river Ante, 20 miif s S. E. of Caen, and 115 W. of Paris. Lon. o. 10. W. lat. 48. 40. N. FAtcziK, « town of Tutky in Europe, whert F A L ¥rli«f« a battle wai fought, and a ptace made, batwMn tlia Turki and Rufnani In 1711. Lon. a7. o. E. lat. 35. o. N. FALKiNiaao, a maritime town of S we- d«n, in Hatind, feited on the Baliick Su ; 15 milti U. W. of Helmdadt. Lon. i». ao. E. lat. 56. 56. N. Faikenhoro, aftrongtownofCerma- ity, in the Circle of Upper Saxony, and in the New Marche of Brandenburg, fubjcA to t^e king of Pruflla. It is feated on ttie river Traje, 83 mile* S. of Colburg, and 70 E. of btetln. Lon. 15. 58. 1^. lat. 53. •0. If . • rALKiNSTEiN, a county of Germa- ny, contiguous to that of Bitche, lyin^ on Che conflnei of Lower Alface. It belongs CO the dachy of Lorrain. Falkinqham, « town of LincolnAtire, with a market on Thurfdays, and feven flirf { tIx. on A[h-Wednefday and Palm- Monday, for horfes and fliecp } on May i x, for horfes, fheep, and tradefmen's goods j •n June 1 6, for horfes and horned cattle ; *" J^'y 3* 'or hemp, hardware, and be- fbms ; on November 10, and November is, far horfet, homed cattle, and tradefmen's loodf. It it ti miles W. by S. of Bofton, and 104 N. of London. Loo< o. 15. W. lat. 5s. $t. N. Falkirk, a town of Scotland, in the county of Sterling. In the month of OAo. fter > great fail' is held here, called Falkirk- Trift, for Highland cattle ; and noted for being the place where the rebels defeated the king's forces, on January 17, 1746. It is fl miles S. of Sterling. Lon. 3. 48. W. lat. 56. o. N. Falkland, a town of Scotland, in the county of Fife, in which is a palace builr by fome of the kings of Scotland. It is feated at the entrance into a fertile country, t3 miles N. of Edinburgh. Lon. 3. o. W. lat. 36. 10. N. Fa Si MOUTH, a fea-port town of Corn- wall, with a market on Thursdays, and two fairs on July 17, and 0£lober lo, for horftt,.oxen, fheep, cloth, and a few hops. ft is. now large to what it was formerly;, for, aboat 180 years ago, there were not jnore than two or three houfes ; but it is now governed by a mayor, 4 aldermen, and » ttown-clfrk, and gives title to a vifcount ; h a place of good trade, and reforted to by fliips; the inhabitants alfo have Ihips of thdr owHi The harbour is fo large, that ]oo~ fail may fafely ride at an(hor, at a time ; and thofe of the greateft burthen come up to the key. The entrance is well ikfttiiti by Pendennis caflle, and 1 forts. The town has one church, and abou( 300 FAR houfes } confiAs chiefly of on« paved Arecf, pretty broad, and about three quarters of • mile in length. It is 10 miles S. of Truro, and a8a W. by N. of London. Lon. 4. 30, W. lat. 50. 15. N. Falstir, a little ifland of Denmark, lying near the entrance of the Baltick Sea, between the iflands of Zealand, Laland, and Mona. N)koping is the capital town. FAMAOvlTi^, a town of Turky in Afia, and is the Idand ofCypius, with a Greek biihop's fee. It had a good harbour, de- fended b> two forts over-againA each other ) but now almoft choaked up. It was taken by the Tuikf from the Venetians, after fix months ficge, when ihry flead the Vene- tian governor alive, befides murdering (ho inhabitants in cold blood, though they fur* rendered on honourable terms. It is 6a miles N. E. of Nicofia. Lon. 34. 3. E. lat. 35. 0. N. Famine Port, a fottrefi, feated on the N. E. coaft of the Streights of Magel- lan, in S. America. Heie the Spanifh gar^ rifon perifhed for want { fince which time it has been negiedlcd. Lc«). 70. 35. W. lat. 54. o. S. Fanano, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Modena, feated 15 miles S. of Modena. Lon. II. ao. E. lat. 44. 15. N. Fa MO, an ancient and handfome town of Italy, in the territory of the Pope, and du- I chy of Uibino, with a bifhop's fee; Here fs an ancient triumphal arch, handfome churches, and fine paiaoes. It is feated on tl^e Gulph of Venice, 8 miles S. of Pefaro, and 10 E. of Urbino. Lon. 13. 5. E. lat. 43. 53. N. * Fan TIN, a fmitll kingdom of Africa, on the Gold Coaft of Guiney, where the Engltfh and Dutch have forts. The chief man, whom the failors call a king, is named the Braffo in the language of the negroes. The native inhabitants are a very troublefome people, both to the Engliih and the Dutch. It is a populous diftrif^, and very rich in gold, flaves, and ail forts of necefifaries, efpecially corn, which they fell to the (hips. The inland inhabitants, be> fides trading, are employed in tilling the ground, and drawing palm- wine, which is much better and ftronger than that in other parts of the coaft. Tlie principal town, or village, has the fame name. Pars of Mass in a, theflreight between Italy and Sicily, remarkable for having the tide ebb and flow, every fix hours, with a great deal of rapidity, thongb it is but feven miles over. Farf-ham, a town of Hampfhire, with a m|rk$t on Thurfdays^ and- one fair, on June en of a Truro, 4' JOt FAR June «9, fortoyt. It U it mitri F. of SoufKampton, and 65 W. by S.of London. LiMi. I. 15- W. lat. 50. $3. N. * Faiilloni, an ini^nd of Africa, in ?»«groeland, 1 5 mile* in len.il f^i the didriA of Fuifaye, with a (\rong cal^lf, and the title of a dudiy ; 10 miles S. E. nf Briare, and 90 S. of P lile provinces of the kingdom, and it fa* moui for its excellent wines, commonly called the Wines ol Shyras, the capital of this province. Here ate lite ruint ut Per> fr polls, whicli perhaps are tlie moll magni- ficent in the world. • Far TACK, a town of Afia, in Arabia the Happy, and in a kingdom of whiih it ti tlie capitji. Lun. 5 1 . 15. E. lat. 16. 0. N. • Favarnana, a fmall idand of Italy, ahnut 1$ mile* In compafsi feated on tli« ^^cl\ern fide of Sicily, with a fort called fort St. Catherine. Lon. la. 55. E. lat. 38* o. N. Fauquimokt, or Vaikknburo, a town of the Dutch Netherlands, in the du- chy of Limburg, taken by the French in 1672. It is fi-ated on the river Guenl, ; miles F.. of Macftricht, and 11 W. ol Julieis. Lnn. 6. ^. E. Lit. 50. 57,. N. • Fakss I ON Y, a piovinie of Savoy, In the Alps, with tlie title of a barony. Clau« fay is the capital town. Fayai, one of the Azores, or Weflern Iflandsj about 15 miles in lenKth, and he- lon(;$ to the Pottuguefe. It abounds in cattle, woof}, and fifh. Lon. 17. 35. W. lat. 38. 30. N. •FAvrNCB, a town of France, in Pro- vence, near the river Biafon ; 10 inile-i from Grali'e, and 15 from Frejus. Lon. 6. 47, E. lat. 43. 44. N. Fe, Sr. See Santa Fr.. Tt, St. te Bacot.a. Sec Santa Fi- j de-Bacot a. • FccK iNCHAM, a village in Worcef^or. (hire, feven niil?sS. E. of Bronifgrove, with two fails, on .March a 6, and September 30, for cattle. Feldkirk, an handfome town of Ger- m.iny, and capital of a county of the fame name, in Tyrol. It is a trading town, and has a great many privileges ; is foated on the river 111. ne.nr the Rhine, 15 miles E. of Appenzell, and 40 S. £. of Conf\ance. Lon. 9. 49. E. lat. 47. 14. N. • Felieu de Quixolo, a town of Spain, in Catalonia, with a harbour, and a cattle. It lies on the coaft of the Meditcr.. ranean Sea. • Felin, a town of Livonia, in Eftonia, belonging to Sweden ; feated on the river Felin, 45 miles E. of Pernau, and 6a S, of Revel. Lon. a6. 5. £. lat. 58. as. N. Feltri, an epifcopal town of Italy, in the Marea, or Marche of Trevifano, and cipital of a di(\ri£l of the fame name ; feat- ed on the river Afona, 40 mil« N. of Pa- £ e dua« F E R dua, and 40 N W. of Venice. Lon. II. 51. E. !at. 46. ;;. N. FcMERCN, a fiTiall ifland of Denmark, in the Baltick Sea, 3 miles from the coaA ci HolHein, and fuhjcdl to the duke of I'^at name. It is feittle in com and pa- Aures. • FcNESTRANR K, a town of LoFraln, and capital of a diOiifl of tlie fame name, feated on the live Sane, 1 7 miles from Mar- fal, and 17 S. of Deux Ponts. Lcn. 7. 11. E. lat. 28. 5a. N. FENtSTRiLLr, a town and forr of Ita- ly, in Piedmont, and valley of the Vaudois. It ii a Arong place, and Was taken by the duke of Savoy from the French in 1708, and ceded to him by the treaty of Utrecht ; 1 5 miles W. of Turin. Lon. 7. 10. £. lat. 48. 58 N. • Fknnv STRATrORD, » thofoughfare town in Buckingiiamfhire, two furlongs in length, and full of inns; it has no market, but 4 fairs, on April 19, July iS, Oflober 10, and November 28, all for cattle. Jt is ao mllss N. W. of Dunftabie, and 45 N. W. f f London. • Fenoulides, a fmall territory of France, in Lower Languedoc, and diocefe of Alet. FiRABATH, a liandfome and ag:e«ab!e town o* Afia, in Perfia, among tlie maun, tains which bound the Cafpian Sea to the S. and II miles from it. Shah-Abbas of- irjn paHed his winters here; it is 140 miles N. E.ofGiJan. Lon. 52. 27. E. lat. 36. 54. N There is a town called Farabad, a mile and an hdffrom Ifp.than, which \yas taken by the Afghins in the l.te troubles. It is fcated on tlie binks of t^e river Zenderoad, on the fide of which it extends almoli th'ce ni les. It was built by Shah-Abbas, who brought the Armenians here from tlie for- mer town, after they had revolted from the Turks. Ferpen, or Verhen, a confiderable tewn of Germany, in. Weftphalia ; and ca- pital of a piovince of the fame name, fub- jc<3 to the eleftor of Hanover, to whom it was ceded by the D.ine? in 1712, who had taken it from the Swedes. It is feated on the river Aller, near the Wefer, 25 miles S. E of Bremen, and 50 N, by W. of Ha- rover. Lon. 9. 23. E. lat. 53. 3. N. FeR :.', a town of France, in Picardy, fa- mous for its powder-mill, and fchool of ma- trotfes. The fortifications are demdinied. It is feated on the rivers Ssne and Oife, ao niites N. of Sniifons. and 75 N. hy E. of Paris. Lon. 3. 17 E lat. 49. 40. N. FfRE CHAMPANois.a towH of Francc, in Champagne, 30 nulea N. of Troves. F E R Lon. 4, 5. E. lat. 48. 40. N. Ferentino, or Fiorento, an epif- copal town of Italy, in the State of thq Church, and in the Campagna of Rome } feated on a mountain, 8 miles S. E. of Ag.. nagni, and 37 S. E. of Rome. Lon. 13. 17. E lat. 41, 43. N. Fermanagh, a county of Ireland, in the province of Ulfter, 38 miles in length, and 23 in breadth, bounded on the N. by the counties of Donegal and Tyrone, on the E. by another part of Tyrone and Mo> naghan, on the S. by Cavan and Letrim, and on the W. by another part of Letrim and ihj Ocean. It contains 5478 houfes, 19 parifhes, 8 baronies, and i borough, and fends 4 members to parliament. Inilkilling is the capital town. Fcrmo, an ancient and flrong town of Italy, in the Pope's territories, and in the Marca, or Marche of Anccna, with an archbifliop's fee. It is feated near the gulph of Venice, 17 miles S. E. of Mauerara, and 100 N. E. of Rome. Lon. 13. 53. E. lat. 43. 8. N. FcRNANDEs, JvAN,a Uttls Uninhabited ifland of the S. Sea, reckoned to be in S. America, and province of Chili. It feems to failors to be a very mountainous place, at a diHance, and extremely rugged and ir- regular ; hut, when they come near it, they are agreeably deceived, for it is covcre4 with woods, every where interfperfed with the fined vallies, cloathed with a moft beautiful verduie, and watered with nume- rous Areams and cafcades, there being no valley of any extent but what is watered with a rill. It is vifited by all the Englifh .(hips that pafs through the S. Sea, and 19 of excellent ufe for recovering the failort who are fick of the fcurvy ; for the re- freshments it produces foon reAcre them to their health and vigour. It is the only commodious place in thofe feas where th^ Britifh cruisers can refrefli and recover their men, after their pafTage round cape Horn, where they may remain fame time withogt alarming the Spanifh coaft. Thia ifland lies in lat. S. 43. 40. and is 330 miles from the continent ef Chili. Its greatefl length is between 12 and 15 miles, and irs greareA bre;idth not quite 6. The only fafe anchoring is on the N. fide of the ifland, in Cumberland-bay. The foil on the nor- thern part is very loofe and fliallow, fo that trees foon perifh for want of root. T'-'-y are moA of them of the aromatic kind, and there are none fit for timber, except the myttles. Here are alfo pimento and cabbage-trees, and a great number of plants, of various kinds, unknown in thefp parts, F E R parts, except water- crefles, purflain, and wild forrel, befides a vaft number of tur> nips, and Sicilian radifhes, formerly fawn here. Here were a great number of goats, but the Spaniards have diminifhed them by putting large dogs on (hore, who have de flroyed all thofe they could ccme at. There are ntultitudes of feaU abuut the idand, and anotlier amphibious cearure, calUd a fea-lion ; which bears fome refembhnce to a Teal, though much larger, for they aie from i& to 20 feet in length, and f>om 8 to 15 in circumference. Their fkins are covered with ftiert hair, of a light dun co- Jour, bi:t ih;ir tails and fins, which ferve them for feet on black The Tailors feed upon both cf thefe, calling the one veal, and the other beef. Belides, there are very large cod, cavalies, gropers, large breams, maids, filver-fifli, congers of a peculiar kind, and, above all, a black A(h, which is very deiicieus, called by fome a cliimney^fweeper, and in fhape fomewhat refembles a carp. Admiral An- fon landed here in 1741J and Alexander Selkirk, a Scotchman, lived here four years and four months alooe, till he was taken in by an Englifh fhip which pafled that way. ttuMAUA, a large, handfome, and fa- mous town of Italy, capital of a duchy of the fame name, in the territory of the church, with a bitltop's fee. It has a magnificent fquare, fuperb churches, and a ftrong cita- del, but is not fe confiderable as it was formerly. It is feated near the river Po, »$ miles U. £. of Bologna, and 70 N. by £. of Florence. Lon. 11. 55. E. lat. 44. 54- N. * FvRRARA, the duchy of, or the Fci- aAmsK, a province of Italy, in the terri- tory of the Church, bounded on tie N. by the Polefino de Rovigo, on the W. by the duchy of Mantua, on the S. by the Bu- lognefe and Proper Romagna, and on the £, by the Gulph of Venice. It had its own dukes till 1597, when Pope Clement VIII. re-united it to the apoftolic cham- ber. Since that time it lies almoA all un- cultivated, though it was a very (rood country, and one of the Aneft in Italy The air is unwholefome, on account of the marfhes, and the inhabitants are too thin to drain them. Ferrara is the capital town. • FiRRENDiNA, a town of ktaly, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Bafilicata, with the title of a duchy. It is near the river Bafianto, 15 miles S. W. of Matera, and as S. W. of Sirenza. Lon. 16. 35. E. lat. 40. 40. N. FES • Fkrreti, or PriTTH, a town o^ France, in Sunigau, and the chief place of a didridl of the fame name, with a caftle un- der the town. It has been fuhjedt to the F.ench ever fince 1648, and is feated in a very fertile country, 10 miles S. W. of Ba- lil, and 25 E. of Montbeiliaid. Lon. 7. 15. £• lat. 47. 40. N. Fkrro, an iflandcf Afiica, and themofl weftern of die Canaries, 6 miles to the W, of I'alma, and is but fmall, being only 3 3 miles in circumteience. It has no frefh wa- ter, and it is pretended that there is a tree in the middle of the iHand, conftantly fur- rounled with a fog, and by (hat means (hcie is water drops Irom the leaves, and runs intoflone cifterns ; this is now looked upon as a fidlion, for thofc tl'at went pur- pofely in feaich of it could never hnd it. Tl'is ifljnd produces fome corn and fug^r- canes, plenty of fiults and pUnts, and aboundi, with cattle, which furnilh the in- habitants with milk and cheefe. Theie is a volcano upon it, trom whence earthquakes fometimes proceed. Lon, 17. 35. W. lat* 27. 40. N. FtRROL, afea poi . ♦own of Spain, in the kingdom of Ctlicia, with a famous har- bour, not only one of the bed in Spain, but even of all Europe j for here the vetfelslie fafe from all winds, and here the Spanifh fquadron-i fiequently fecure themfelves in time of war, and the privateers carry in their prizes. It is feated on a bay ot the Atlantic Ocean, zo miles N. E. of the Groyne, ami 50 N. of Compof^ella. Lon. 6. 40. W.lar. 43. 30. N, • Firtk-Alais, a town of the \(\e of France, in the Gatinois, 25 miles S. cf Pa- ris, and 8 N. E. of EA^mpes. Lon. z. 27. E. lat. 48. 30. N. • Ferte-Aucout, atownofFrar.ee, in Biie Champinoife, ftatcd on the river Marne, betwctm Chatteau Tliierry and Meaux, Lon. 3. 3. E. lat. 48. 56. N. • Ferte-Bebn ARD, a town of France* in the Main, feated on the river HuiHie, 1$ miles from Mants. Lcn. o. 39 E. lat. 48. 10 N. • Ferte Mtt.ov, a town of the lile of F.ance, tvitli an ancient caftle, 37mile« N. £. of Pari6. Lon. 3. 7. E. lat 49. 10, N. • FeRTf-svR-AwBt, a town of France, in Champagne, 30 miles S. E. of Tioyes. Lon. 4. 41. E. lat. 48. 4. N. Fesc AN, a coniiderable town of France, in Normandy, in the diftri^ of Caux, with a rich and celeb' ated BenediAine abbey« It is feated near the fea fhore of the Eoglilh- channel, and faas a harbour by which it £ e 2 carries .i(^,. FEZ *»rnes on a confiderable trade ; li 30 miles S. W. of D.eppe, and no N W. of Paris. Lon. o. 27. E. lat. 49. 46 N. Fktifork, a town of Afia, in India, and in the province of Agra, where the Great Mogul has a palace. It is 25 miles W. of Agra. Lon. 78. 40. E. lat. 17. o. N. • F«Tu, a fmall kingdom of Africa, on the coaft of Guinea, about 10 miles in length, and as much in breadth. This country was formerly fo powerful and po- pulous, that their neighbours were in dread of it, but is now almoft ruined, the inhabi- tants not being fufficient to till the ground, though it is a very pleafant and fertile coun- try. It abounds in corn, cattle, palm wine, and oil, and is full of flrait paths, bordered with /hady trees. The Dutch have • fort Ijere. FcvER»RAM, a town of Kent, with two fairs, on February 25 and Auguft 12, for linen, w(oo]len-drapery, and toys. It is f«ated on a creek of the river Medwav, and much frequented-by fmall veHels ; it is large, well-built, and inhabited by tradefmeaand inn keepers. It is oppofrte to the ifle of Sheepy, and a member of the town and pore of Dover. It is governed by a mayor, t* aldermen, 24 jurats, and 2 peace-officers. It has one large church built with ftone, newly repaired, and contains about iioo houfes, built with brick. Tlie ftreets are wide and paved, and tlie town contains about 6000 inhabitants. It has a large corn- market every Thurfday, but no particular manufafture is carried on here. It is 9 miles W. of Canterbury, and 48 £. by S. of London. Lon c 38. E, lat. 5^1. 20. N. • pEuitLETiK, a town of France, in La Marche, on the confines of Bourbonnois, and in the eleflion of Guerer. FtoKS, an ancient town of France, and capital of Forez, feated on the river Loire, 25 miles S. E. of Rouane, and*a5 S. W. of Lyons. Lon. 4. 19. £. lat. 45. 44. N. , Fexem, a village of the biflioprick of Liege, in the circle of VVeftphalia, in Ger many, noted for a battle fought between the Get mans and French in 1746, Itis4m,ies W. of Urfet, and 5 N. of Liege. Lon. 5. 46. E. Iat.^50. 50. N. . * Fez, a confiderable kingdom of Africa, on the coaft of Barbary, between the king- doms of Algiers to the E. and Morocco to the S. it be ng in other parts furrounded by the fea. It is about 125 miles in lengt', and much the fame in breadth. The air is temperate and wholefome, and the country full of mountains, particularly to the W. and S. where mount Atlas lies. However, it is populous and fertile, producing citrons, FEZ lemons, oranges, dates, almonds, tViteh figs, raiOns, fugar, honey, flax, cotton* pitch, and corn in abundance. The inha- bitants breed camels, beeves, ftieep, tm4 the fined horfes in Barbary. It is watered by feveral rivers and ftreams, and the prin- cipal town is Fez. Fez, the capital town of Fex and Mo- rocco, in Afiica. It is an ancient, ftrong« and one of the largefl and mo(\ handfoma cities in all Africa, compofed, as it were, of three towns, called Beleyde, Old Fez, and New Fez. Old Fez is the raoft con- fiderable, and contains above 80,000 inha- bitants. The palaces ue very magnificent, an4 there are 700 mofques, great and fmall, 50 of which are very confiderable, adorned with marble pillars, and other ornaments,. The houfes are built of brick or ftone, and adorned with Mofaic work ^ thofe of brick are adorned with glazing and colours, like Dutch tiles, and the wopd-work and ciel- ings are carved, painted, and gilt ; there it a court to every houfe, in which are fquare marble bafons ; the roofs are flat, and they deep thereon in the fummer-time. Here are two colleges for ftudents, finely built with mai ble and paintings ; one of thefe has a hundred rooms, and the fides are adorned with marble pillars of various colours, whofe capitals are gilt, and the roof glit- ters with gold, azure, and purple. Here are many hofpitals, and auove 100 public baths, many of which are fiately flru^ures. All the trades live in a part of the city by themfelves, and the bazar or exchange, full of all foits of rich merchandizes, is itfelf as large as a fmall town. The gardens are ex- ceeding beautiful, and full of all kinds of fragrant flowers and fhrubs, fo that the city, in general, is a fort of terreflrial paradife. The inliabitans are ctoathed like other Turks, and the ladies drefs is very^ expeo- five in the winter, but, in the fummer, they wear nothing but a fhift. It is the center of the trade of this empire, and from hence caravans go to Mecca, carrying with theti ready-inade garments, abundance of Cordo- van leather, indigo, cochineal, and oftrich- feathers, for which they bring in return oiks, mullins, and drugs. Other caravans go to Negroland, particularly to Tombuto, and the liver Niger ; one of which conlif^s of 20,000 men. They travel over fuch dry, barren dffeits, thiit every other caiTjel car- ries water Their corrimcdities are fait, cowreys, wrought fiik, Britifh cloth, and the woollen manufactures of Barbary. Here are a great number of Jews, who have handfome fynagog^s^ but the bulk of tie inhr.biunts are Mocrs, of a tawny com- flexion j FIG plexion i there are alfo a great number of blacks. It is xoo miles S. of Gibraltar, and 150 E. of Morocco. Lon. 3. 45. W. lat. 33. 40' N. • Fi ANo, a town of Italy, in the Patri- mony of St. Peter, feated on the river Ti- ber, IS miles N. of Rome. •FiANONA, a town belonging to the republick of Venice, in the peninfula of Ift'ia, 17 miles W. of Tola, feated on the gulph of Ciirnero, at the mouth of the river Arfia. FiAScoNE, an eplfcopal town of Italy, In the territory of the Church, remarkable for its fine mufcadlne wines; feated on a mountain near the lake Bolfena, ix miles N. E. of Viterbo, and 11 S. of Orvieto. Lon. 11. 5. E. lat. 42. 44. N. • FiCARi, a town of Corfica, in the Mediterranean Sea, feated on the S. coaft of the ifland, ii miles W. of Bonifacio^ and at the mouth of a fmall river of the fame name. • FiCHixuLOLO, a fortified town of Italy, In the Ferrarcfe, feated on the river Po, on the frontiers of Mantua, iz miles above Ferrara. There is a canal from the above river to Tartaro. Lon. 11. 37. £. lat. 44. 58. N. FiDA. See Whidaw. • FiKiAMzvoLo, a town of Italy» in the duchy of Parma, 10 miles S. E. of Pla> centia, Lon. 10. ao. E. lat. 44. 50. N. FiizoLi, an ancient town of Italy, in the Fioretr.ino, with a bifhop's fee, and a iiandfome palace; 5 miles N. E. of Flo rence. Lon. 11. 14. E. lat. 43. 43. N. Fife, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. by the frith of Tay and Strahern, on the B. by the German Sea, on the S. by the frith of Forth, and on the W, by Monteith and Sterling. 1 ue land is as good, and as well peopled as any part of Scotland, and the two principal rivers are, the Leven, and the Eden. It fends 4 members to parlia • merit. FiGEAc, a town of France, in Guienne, and in Quercy, with a rich Benedi£line ab bey ; feated on the river Selle, a a miles E. of Cahors, ir.6 470 S. of Paris. Lon. 7. 5. E. lat. 44. 40. N. • FiGueiRo-Dos-ViNHos, a town of Portugal, in Eftramadura, feated among the mountains, near the river Zizere, and remarkable for it* excellent vineyards, which produce curious wine. It is 18 miles N. of Tortiar, and 25 S. S. E. of Coimbra. Lon. 7. a 5. W. lat. 39. 48 N. F 1 G V E K A, a town of Spain, in the pro- vince of Catalonia, 10 miles W. of Rofea. Lon. a, 40. E. lat. 42. ao. N. F I O *FitLECK, a town of Hungary, In the county of Novogrod, wliofe fortification* arc dcmolifhed. It was taken by the Turks in iss4» but retaken by the ChrilUans ; and the malecontents of Hungary got| pof- fcfTion of it in 1682. It is feated ori the river Ipol, aomilea from Agria. Lon. 19. 55. E. lat. 48. 14. N. • FiLtsNGHAM, a village in Lincoln* fhire, 7 miles N. of Lincoln, with one fair, on November 2 a, for pigs. Fi^AL, a town of Italy, on the weftern coafl of Genoa, with a ftiong citadel, two forts, and a callle. It was fold to the Ce- noefe by the emperor Charles VI, in 1713 ; and is feated pn the Mediterranean Sea, 1 5 miles S. E. of Coni, and 3a S. W. of Genoa. Lon. 7. 17. £. lat 44. 18. N. • Finale, a town of Italy, in the du* chy of Modena, which has feveral times been taken and retaken. It is feated on an ifland formed by the river Panaro, aa miles N. C. of Modena, and la S. E. of Miran- dola. Lon. ii. 15. E. lat. 44. 50. N. • Finch AM, a village in Norfolk, with one fair, on March 3, for horfes and toys. • Finchamstead, a village in Berk- fhire, with one fair, on April a 3, for cat- tle. • Fimdin, a village in Suffcx, with one fair, on Holy-Thurfday, for pedlara ware. Finisterre, the moft wertern cape, not only of Galicia in Spain, but alfu of Europe. It was thought once to ha e no country beyond it, and therefore they gave it a name which ftgnifies the end of tlie world. Lon. 10. 15. W. lat. 43. o. N. Finland, a province of Sweden, bound- ed on the W. by t e gulph of Bothnia ; oi> the E. by RufTia ; on the S. by the gulph of Finland, and Ingria } and un the N. by Bothnia and Lapland. There are a great many lakes and marflies, and yet it pro- duces a great deal of corn, and padures which feed numbers of cattle. The inha- bitants differ from the Swedes both in their manners and language. It has the title o£ a great duchy, and comprehends fix parts, called Proper Finland. Cujavia-Tavaftland, the ifle of Ayland, Nyland, Savoland, and Carelia. Abo is the capital town.' The ^reateft part of this province was firA con- quered by, and then ceded to Ruflia. The gulph of Finland is aa5 miles in length. * FiNMARK, a por; of Danifh Lapland» and of the government of Wardhus. • FioNDA, an ancient town of Afia, ia Natolia, feated on the gulph of Satalie, with a bffhop's fee ; 25 mi es S. W of Sa- talia. Lon. '^o. 57. E, lat. 36, 45. N. Fi»- ♦i*«^i. F I U FiORiNTiNo. See Fkrsntino. *Fio>tMzo, St. a Tea pore town of the idand of Corfica, near the gulpk of the fame name. Lon. 9. 30. E. iat. 41. 35. N. * FiORXNzuoLA, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Parma, feated on a beautiful plain, ao miles N. W. of Parma. Loo< 9. 50. E. Iat. 44. 56. * FiiANDO, a fmall kingdom of Japan, where the EngllHi, Portuguefe, and Dutch, formerly carried on a confiderable trade. * FiRMiNCHAM, a village in Suflex, with one fair, on September 4, foi' lean cat- tle and toys. * FisMES, an ancient town of France, in Champagne, remarkable for the councils that have been held there. It is feated on the river Vefle, 70 miles N. £. of Paris. Lon. 3. 45. E. Iat. 49. 20. N. * FissiMA, a famous town of Japan j 8 miles from Meaco, and 40 from Ofacca. Lon. 134^ to. E. Iat. 33. 35. N. * FisTKLLA, a fortified town of Africa, in the kingdom of Morocco, and province of Tedela. The inhabitants are rich, cour- teous, and warlike } and carry on a great trade in fine garments. It is 155 miles N. E. of Morocco, and 125 S. of Fez. Lon. 4. 55. W. Iat. 32. o. N. * Fit A CHI, a kingdom of Japan, on the eaftern coaft of the ifland of Niphon, to the N. E. of Jedda, and to the S. of the terii- lory of Oxu. Fivt Churches, an epifcopal town of Lower Hungary ; fubjefl to the houfe of Auf^ria, and 76 miles S. of Buda. Lon. 18. 10. £. Iat. 46. 20. N. * FiviLGo, a diAria of the Dutch Ne- therlands, in the province of Groningen, lying on both fides the river Fivel. An inundation, that happened in 1686, de- Aroyed above 400 people ; and another, in December 1717, did vaft damages. * FiuM, a large town of Africa, and ca- pital of a province of the fame name, in Egypt. It is very populous, and the Cophti have a bifhop's fee. Here are a great many ruins of magnificent ancient flruAures. They carry on a confiderable trade in flax, linen-cloth, mats, raifins, and figs. This province contains a great number of canals and bridges built by the ancietit Egypiiana. It is feated on a canal which communicates with the Nile ; 70 miles S. W. of Caiio. Lon. 31. 29. E. Iat. 29. o. N. FivMZ, or St. Weit, a fea-port town of Iflria, on the Gulph of Venice ; feated in a valley near the fea, and noted for wine, good 6gs, and other fruits. It is very po pulous) and the cathedral and Jefuits church arc worth obfervaticn. It is 38 miles E. F L E of Cabo-di-Iftria, and fubjeA to the houfe of AuAria. Lon. 15. o. E. Iat. 45. 45. N. Fl Ai> A , one of the Weftern ifles of Scot- land, between Sky and Lewis. It is about three miles in circumference, and remark- ableforitsfilhery. Flamborough Hrad, a cape, or pro- montory on the eaflern coaft of Yorkfhire, 5 miles £. of Burlington. Lon. o. zo. E. Iat. 54. 15. N. Flanders, a province cf the Nether- lands, which may be divided into Dutch Flanders, Auftrian Flanders, and French Flanders. It is bounded by the German Ocean and the United Provinces on the N. by the province cf Brabant on the E. by Hainhalt and Artois on the S. and by an- other part of Artois and the German Ocean on the W. being about 60 miles in length, and 50 in breadth. Ic is a flat level coun- try, is very fertile in grain and paftures, and the air is good. They reckon it contains near 30 walled towns, befides thofe that are open, 1158 villages, 48 abbeys, and a great number of priories, colleges, and mo- nafteties. The men are heavy, but labori- ous, and lovers of gpod cheer j and the women are reckoned to be very handfome. They are papifts in all parts, except that which belongs to the Dutch. The produce is fine linen, lace, and tapeAry. * Fl A VI CM, a town of France, in Bur- gundy, and in Auxois, with a celebrated BenediAine abbey; feated upon a moun- tain, 12 miles E. of ^emur, and 140 E. of Paris. Lon. 4. 37. E. Iat. 47. 31. N. Fleche, a town of France, in Oileanois, remarkable for a fine Jefuits college. It is feated on the river Loire, 35 miles E. of Aneers, and 15 S. W. of Nantz. Lon. o. 3. W. Iat. 47. 22. N. * Flecxinstein, acaflleor palace of France, in Lower Aiface, which is Arong, and pofTefTed by the moft ancient and confi- derable family in the country. It is 35 miles W. of Landau, and 50 N. of Haguenau. Lon. 8. I. E. Iat. 49. 40. N. Flbnsburg, a handfome town of Den- mark, and capital of Slefwick, with a Arong citadel. It has a harbour in the Bal- tick Sea ; is 1 5 miles S. of Apenrade, and 1 5 N. W. of Slefwick. Lon. 9. 37. £. Iat. 54. 50. N. Flessincen. SeeFtusHiKG. * Fl ETCHING, a village in SufTex, with one fair, on Monday before Whitfunday, for pedlars ware. Flel'rs, a village of the Auftrian Ne- therlands, in the province of Namur, re- markable for a baMle fought here between the French and Dutch in 1690, when the Dutch FLO Dutch horfe ran away, bu^ the foot made a Ane retieat. It is 6 miles N. E. of Chaile- roy, and 15 W. of Namur. Lon. 4. 35. E. lat. 50. 25. N. Fl > u a Y, a town of France, in Burgundy, 30 miles N. of Chalons. Lon. 4. 50. E. iat, 47 13. N- FtiE, or Uly-Isl AND, an ifland on the coafl of Holland, at the entrance of the Zui- der Zee. Flint, the capital town of Flintfliire, in M. Wales. It has no market, but four fairs, viz. on February 15, June 34, Au- gufi 10, and November 30, for cattle. It is commodicufly feaied on the river Dee, and fends one membsr to parliament. It was formerly noted for its cadle, where Ri- chard II. took ihelter on his arrival from Ireland ; but having quitted it, he was taken prifoner by the duke of Lancafter. The caAle now is in a ruinous condition ; the aHtzes are ftill held in the town. It is is miles S. W. of Chefter, and zot N. W. of London. Lon. 3. la, W. lat. 53- *o. N. • Flintshirc, a county of N. Wales, S9 miles in leng'h, and 18 in breadth; bounded on the N. by the fea, on the N. £. by an arm of the fea, on the S. by Den> bighfhire, and on the S. W. by the fame county. It contains about 5400 houfes, 32,400 inhabitants, a 8 parifhes, and 1 market town, which is St. Afaph, for the capital has no market. It is full of hills, intermixed with a few vallies, which are very fruitful ; and the inhabitants are long- lived. The rivers are the Wheeler, the Ta- gidog, the Severn, and the Dee. It fends t members to parliament ; one for th« town, and the other for t^t county. Flix, a town and caAle of Spain, in Catalonia. It is ftrong both by art and nature, and is built upon a peninfula in the river Ebro, where it makes an elbow, and is to the town inOead of a ditch, and may be conducted quite round it. It is covered with mountains on that fide where it does not pafs, and defended .by a caftle built upon an eminence, which commands the town, and near it is a water- fall. It is 15 ipiles N. of Tortofa, and ao S. 6i Lerida. Lon, o. IS. £. lat 41. la. N. Florence, an ancient, large, ftrong, and celebrated city of Italy, and capital ot Tufcany. It contains 70,000 inhabitants, 8800 houfes, 89 convents, 11 hofpicals, 152 churches, 9 gates, 7 fountains, 17 large fquares, and 160 flatues; the moft remarkable of which is the Venus of Medi- cis, thought to be the mod beautiful and Cnely finifhed piece in the world. There 4rc 4lfo fever«l libraries, particulady that FLO of St. Lawrence. The tiver Arno runs through this city, and divides it into tw9 unequal parts, which communicates with each other by four large and handfome flone bridges built over this river. It it defended by a flrong citadel and two forts, befides the walls, which are about fix miles in circumference. The flreeta are paved with flag-flones, and people may walk thro* every (Ireet under piazzas ; but fome of them are fo narrow, that carriages cannot pafs thro* them ; and there are alfo many paper-windows. The Great Duke's palace is a fuperb Aru£)ure. It is an archbishop's fee, has an univerfny, and an academy to teach young gentlemen their exercifes. The gallery of the ancient palace is about 400 feet in length, and its cabinet full of cu« riofitiet. The Great Duke Francis was elefted emperor of Germany in 1745, and was father of the prefent emperor. Ic is feated in a delightful plain, furrounded with pleafant hills. It is 45 miles S. of Bologna, 90 S. E. of Mantua, and 115 N. W of Rome. Lon. II. 14. E lat. 43.46. N* Florennes, a town of iheNetherlandi, in the county of Namur, fubjefl to the bi- (hop of Liege. It is 5 miles N. E. of Phi> lipville, and 13 W. of Dinant. Lon. 4. 30. E. lat. 50. zo. N. * Florent lr Viel, St. a town of France, in Anjou, feated on the banks of the river Loire, 20 miles from Anglers, with a rich Benedictine abbey. Florentine, a town of France, in Champagne, and in the Senonois, which gives title to a vifcount. It is 1 5 miles N. E. of Auxerre, and 80 S. E. of Paris. Lon. 4. 45. E lat. 47. 56. N. * Florent I no, one of the three pro« vinces of Tufcany, in Italy ; bounded on the W. by the republic of Lucca, and the territory of Modena ; on the N. by the Ap« pennine mountains ; and on the E. by the duchy of Urbino. The river Arno has its fource in this province, and runs thro* the middle of it from E. to W. and the great number of fmall Areams it receives, renders the country very fertile. Florence is the capital city. Flores, one of the Azores, or Weftern Iflands, lying in the Atlantic Ocean. It is about 1 7 miles in circumference, and abounds in wood and provifions of all forts. It is fo called from the beautiful flowers, which are herein great plenty. Lon. 3a. is. W. lat. 39. 25. N. Florida, a large country of N. Ameri> ca, extending from the river Panuco, in I New Spain, all along the Gulph of Mexico and the N. Sea, to the 381b degree of laii- tud^t 4 F o G ir t filk-manufadures, and its fairs. It is- feated on the declivity of a mountain, near a fine fertile plain, ix miles N. of Spoleto, and 67 N. ef Rome. Lon. 12. 33. £. lat. 42. 55. N. FoLKSTOME, a town of Kent, with a market on Thurfdays, and one fair, on June 2S, for pedlars ware. It was once a flou- rifhing town of large extent, containing five parifh churches, which are naw reduced to one fmall church, and three meeting houfes* It is a member of the port of Dover, and governed by a mayor, and 12 jurats; con- tains about 350 houfes, moftly built witi» brick, and difpofed into three narrow paved ftreets. The inhabitants are chiefly em- ployed in fifliing. Near it is Sangate-caflle. It i« feaud on the (eacoaft, 8 mtUs Si W. J. to. •F a fair • F Foi the ki Lavor feadai oiilcs Rome * $. Add F O N cf Dover, and 69 E. by S. of London. Lon, 1. 10. E. Jat. 51. %. N. • FoNCBTT, a village in Suffolk, with a fair on September 11, lor toys. * FONCHALL. SceFuNCHAL. Fond I, an epifcopal town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Terra-di- Lavors j feaced on a fertile plain, but in a bad air, near a lake of the fame naoiL*} 42 miles N. W. of Capua, and 5 ; S. E. of Rome. Lon. 13. 28. £. lat. 41. 2Z. N. * FoNiA, a kingdom of Africa, on the S. (ide of the river Gambia, wiiofe inhabi- tants are a wM fort of people, called Floops. Their country is of a vad extent ; but they have no king, or chietf ; and their towns are foitified with ttakm drove ail round them, and filled up with clay. They are a very courageous people, and keep the Mundingoes, their enemies, in a^^^e. FoNTAiNVLEAu, 3 town in the iile of France, and in the Gatinois, remarkable for its fine palace, which hat been the place where the king^ of France ufed to lor1;;e when they went a- hunting;. Ir was ti.ii cmbellifhed by Francis I. an'! kU the fuc- cefTive kings have added fometliing thereto} infomuch that it may now be called the fineft pleafurc houfe in ihe world. It ftands in the mid() of a foreft, confifiing of 26,4x4 •rpents of l.ind, eacii containing loofquare perches, and each perch iS feet. It is 35 miles S £■ of fa.is. Lon. 2. 33. E. lat. 48. 22. N. • FowTA iN-i'EvR{ feated on the river Verdee, near tlie fea, 10 miles N. W« of Mailezais, and 25 N. E. of Roche lie, Lon. I. 53. W. lat. 46. 30. N. FoN r KNOY, a town or village of the Au« flrian Netherlands, in the province of Hain» hair, and on the confines of Flanders, re- maikablefor a battle fought here between the Allies and the French in May 1745, in which the former weie woilfed. It is $ miles S. \V. of Tnurnay, and iS N. W. of Mons. Lon. 2. 20. E. lat. 50. 35. N. • FoNTiNOY,a village of France, in the duchy of Burgundy, remarkable for a bloody battle foui|;ht here in 841, between the Gei mans and the French, in which were killed above 100,000 men; and the Ger. mans were defeated. It is 20 miles S. E« of Auxf rre, and 40 N. E of Neveia. Lon. 3.4ii. £. lat. 47. 28. N. • Fo N T Ev R A u T, a town of France, in Anjou, wiih a famous nunnery, the chief of the order. It is three miles from the ri- ver Loire, and 160 S. \V. of Pa. is. Lon. o. 7. E. lat. 47. II. N. FoRc ALq_u lER, a confif'erable town of France, in Provence, and capital of a county of the fame name ; feated on a riountain, 17 miles S. W. of Sifleron, and 30 N. E. of Aix. Lon. 5. 55. E. lat. 43. 58. N. FoRCHAiN, a ftrong town of Germanji, in Franconi.i, and in titebiHioptick of Bam- berg, with a fine arfenal ; feated on the ri- ver Rednitz, 1 5 miles S. of Bamberg, and 15 N. of Nuremberg. Lon. 11. 5. E. lat. 49. 44- N- FoRDiMRRTDGE, a town of Hampfltira^ whofe market is defected, but it has one fair. For pedlars-ware and colts. Ir is 2$ miles S. W. of Winchefter, and 85 W. by S. of London. Lon. 1. 50. W. lat, 50. 5t« N. • FoanwicH, a member of the town and port of Sandwich, in Kent, feated on the river Stour, on the N. E. fide of Can- terbury, and governed by a mayor, jurats, and commonalty. It has one fmall church, built with <)one and brick, and abour 60 houfes, mofl of which are brick. Th« ftreets are narrow, dirty, and nor paved, and the inhabitants amount to about aoo« It is noted for its excellent trouts, but has neither fair nor market, and li^ 3 miles from Canterbury, and S W. of Sandwich. • Forest, a parliament town of Scot* land, in the (hire of Murray, 30 miles Vf. Ff of ' U'- F Lon 3. O R so. W. lat. of Ilgin. Lon 3. so. W. lat. J7. 40. N. For EST, Bi.ACK. See Black FoRisT. * For 1 8 T- Row, a village in SufTrx, with two fan. on June 25, for pedlars ware, and October -^8, for cattle and ped- lais «are. For est Towns, are four towns, fo call cd, of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, lying along the Rhine, and t'e confines of SwifTcrland, from Bafle, or Bafil, to Zurich, at the entrance of the Black Forefl. Their names are, Witldfhut, Lauffenbur?, Seckin- gen, and Rheinfeid, and are fubje£l to the houfc of Auftria. FoRcz, a province of France, bounded on the W. by Auv«;rgne, on the S. by Ve lay and the Vivaiais, on the E. by Lyon- nois and Beaujolnis, and on the N. by the duchy of Burgundy and the Bourbonnois. It is watered by the Loire, and feveral othci flreams, which render the foil fruitful. It lias feveral mines of pit-coal and iron, for which reafon they make large quantities of hard>waie. It is divided into the upper and lower, and Montbrifon is the capital town. * FoRTAB, a (hire of Scotland, which fends three members to parliament, one for the fliire, and two for the burghs of Perth, tec. For r AX, a town of Scotland, in a (hire of the fame name, feated near a lake, from whence a river proceeds that rUns into the Tay. It is 14 miles W. of Montrofe. Lon. ^. 32. W. lat. 56. 25. N. * Forges, a town of France, in Upper Normandy, remaikable for its mineral wa> ters. It is 6s miles N. W. of Paris. Lon. S. 40. E lat. 49. 38. N. For LI, an ancient and confiderable town of Italy, and capital of a territory of the fame name, in Romagna, with a bifhop*s fee. The public AruAures are very hand- fome, and h is feated in a fertile, healthy, and pJeafant country, 10 miles S. E. of Fa- fnza, and 45 N. F. of Florence. Lon. 12. 1. E. lat. 44 ag N. * FoxMiLLo, a town of Italy, in the Patrimony of St. Peter, with a fine palace, belonging to the piince of Chi^i. Formosa, a large ifland in the Tea of China, divided into two parts by a chain of mountains, which run from E to W. The cal\ern part is inhabited by the original na tives, wi.o are lookeo up n as fava^es by the Chincfe, and t' e eaftern part is unc'er the dominion (-f (he Chmefe, who dove sway the l^'u'Lh in 1661. If is an excel lent country abuundtng in all thr nekcfTtries of life, and the oii^inal inhabit^nu^ who F O S go naked, by pricking their (Icins mika t^^ fi^urts of flovcrs, trees, and aniiials o" their bodies. They are a good fort of p«o« pie, and are enemies to theft and quarrels. They are very dextrous in (hooting with ar- rovvt, and are light of courfe. * FoRT-t)c-CATA*oco Lon. 10. i. £. lat. 44. 44* N. * FoRZA-DE-AcRO, a town of Sicily, in the Val di Demona, feated on a craggy Fock, near a rivulet, zo miles from Mef- fii a. * Foss-Di-Novo, a town of Italy, in Tufoany, in the valley of Magra, fubjeft to their own princts. Fossa NO, a flrong town of Italy, in Pie. though he rules ritcm never fo fcverely. In general they are men of bii, the Hufppois, Mam<^, Warche, Navar-e, Nivernois, Nor- ' tite Gfitinois. • the Multi«n, the Goele, and- Ipfiaii^, Orleajinols, Peithe, Perigord, Pi- j the P.-J.in'.ois, P.jiis is the capital. -#"" - . . * 1 Fra^^c- F R A FaANcroitT on the Main, in ancient, large, Arong;, rich, imperial, hanfiacic, and handfome town of Germany, in Franconia. The chief llraAure is the lown-houfe, which it very large and handfome, but built in the ancient tafte; in this the golden bull h prefer ved, which is the original of the fundamental laws of the empire. The em- peror is generally ele^ed and crowned here, isniefs the plague or war will not admit of the fotemnicies proper to the occafion. Moft of the inhabitants are proteAants, of the confefTion of Augiburg; but there are fome CalviniAs and French refugees, be- fldes papiAs, who have the cathedral church. There are alfo a great number of Jews, who live in a quarter by themf«;l"e8, which is always fhut up at night, to prevent dif- orders. This rown is one of the nnoA trad • ing places in Europe, and two great fairs are held here every year. It is feated in a very feitile plain, upon the river Main, which dives it in two, i ^ miles N. E. of Mentz, 75 S E. of Cologne, and 350 W. by N. of Vienna. Lon. 8. 40. E. lat. 49. 55. N. ■ FaiiNcroRT on the Odi a, a rich and liandfome town of Germany, in the mid- dle Marche of Brandenburg, formerly im- perial, but now fuhjeA to the king of FrufTia. It is remarkable f.)r its three great fair*, and for its univerfity, which is al- ways provided with learned profeHTors. It is 45 miles S. E. of Berlin, and 80 S. of Stetin. Lon. 15. o. E. lat. 52. 20. N. Franchb Comtk, or the county of Burgundy, a conlidtrable province of France, bounded on the N. by Lorrain, on the E. by Montbelliard and SwifTerland, on the W. by Bafigni, Burgundy, and BrefTe, and on the S. by BrefTe. It is about 1x5 miles in length, and 80 in breadth, and abounds in corn, wine, cattle, horfes, mines of iron, copper, and lead. It is watered by the rivers Soane, Lougnon, Doux, Louvre, and Dain. It was conquered by France in 1674, and ceHed to it by the treaty of Ni- meg'ien in 1678 Befan^on is the capital town. FRANCHEM0NT,a town of Germany, in the biflioprick of Liege, 1 3 miles S. E. of Liege. Lon. 5. 48. E. lat. 50. 30. N. Francolint, a place of Italy, in the territories of the Pope, which formerly had a Arong fortrefs, but at prefent is only a village, feated on one of the branches of the fiver Po, Here prince Eugene of Savoy paired that river in 1706, in his memorable inarch to relieve Turin. It is 6 miles N. of Ferrara. Lon. 11. 55. E. lat. 44.48. N. Fa.ANcoM lA, a country or circle of Ccr- F R E many, bounded on the N. by Thurinp*, on tne S. by Suabia, on the E. by the Up« per Palatinate, and on the W, by the Lower Palatinate; being about 88 miles from N. to S. and 95 from E. to W. The mi'ldl* is very fertile in corn, wine, and fruits, but the borders are full of woods and barren mountains. The eccleAaAics are rich anri powerful, and confequendy the people poor. It is compofed of a great many di< Andts, of which the bifhopricks of Bam* berg, Wirtaberg, AichAat, and the Do- maine of the Grand Teutonic Order, ar« the principal. The greateA pan of the peo« pie aie ProteAants, but there are many Pa* piAs and CalviniAs. There are alfo Jews, who have their fynagogues. The Franks came from this province who conquered France, and gave their name to that king* dom. Franekcr, or Frankir, a handfome and Arong town of the United Provinces, in W. Friefland, with a caAle and an uni- verfity. The public buildings and the pa- laces are magnificent. It is 9 miles W. of Leuarden, and 15 N. of Slooten. Lon. 5, 33. E. lat. 53. i». N. *FRANriELD, a village in SufTex, with one fair, on June 14, for pedlars ware. Frankbndal, a Arong town of Ger- many, in the dominions of the eleAur Pa- latine. It was taken by the Spaniards in 16x3, ^y the Swedes in 1631, and was burnt by the French in 1688. It is feated near the Rhine, ii miles N. W. of Heitlel- burg, and 5 S. of Worms. Lon. 8.29. £. lat. 49. 28. N. Frankknstkik, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, and duchy of Zuebruggen, 12 miles N. W. of Landau. Lon, 7. 45. E. lat. 49. 20. N. Frascati, a handfome town of Italy, feated near the fame fpot as the Tufculum of M. T. Cicero, with a bifhop's fee. Here are a great number of magnificent pa- laces and delightful gardens. It is feated at the foot of a mountain, la miles S. £. of Rome, and 10 S. W. of PalaAiina. Loo. II. 43. S. lat. 41. 4S. N. * Fraustadt, a town of Silefia, oa the frontiers of Poland, remarkable for a battle the Swedes gained here over the Sax- ons in 1706. It is 70 miles N. W. of Breflaw, and ao N. W. of Clogaw. Lon. 15. 50. E. lat. 51. 45. N. * Fr AV7BNPXLt>yatown of Swifl^rland, and capirat of the Thorgow ; feated on an eminence, near the river Mug. Lon. 9. o. E. lat. 47.40. N. 'Fredberg, a large, rich, Arong, and fine town gf Germany, in Mifnia, remark- able F R E F R I •bte for it» mInM, and for being tlie bU' {merly a harbour, now choakeH up. h ^* rying placa of the princta of the lioufe of ,feaiefden. Lon. 13.40. E. lat. 51.1.N. * FaiDtNiuan, a town of Germany, In the duchy and ciicle of WeHphitlia, 50 mile* W, of Calfel. Lon. 8. o. £. iai. 51. ao. N. FaiDCRicA, a town of N. America, in Georgia, feated in the mouth of tlie river itiatamaha, lately built and fortified by ge- nera) Oglethorpe. The idand it ftands on i> called St. Simon's, and is about 1 3 miles in length, and 4 in breadth. Lon. 81. 35. W. lat. 31. o.N. Fridiricksburo, a caflle and palace «f the king of Denmark, in the ifleoi Zea- land, 15 mites N. W. of Copenhagen. Lon. 14. 3}. E. lat. 55. 50. N. Fridericksburc, a fort and colony of Brandenburg, on the Gold Coail of Gui- nea, in Africa, near Cape Tliree- points, and about 75 miles from Cape CoaH. It is fttbjeft to Denmark. Loo. i. i j. W. lat. 4. 30. N. Frbdirickshail, or Frederick- axADT, a ftrong town of Norway, in the prefeQure of Agerhuys, where Charles XII. king of Sweden, was killed by a mufket* ball| in 1718, when he was befieging this town. It is feated on the coaft of the Ca- tagate, a 5 miles S^ E. of AnHow, and 35 5. E. of Agerhuys. Lon. 10.45. ^' ''^- 59* s. N. FRBOBKicKS-ODi,a town of Denmark, in Jutland, taken by the Swedes in i6j7, but now fubjeA to Denmark. It is feated near the fea, 30 miles S. of Arhus, and 50 N. of Slefwick. Loo. 10. o. E. lat. 55. 4». N. '-FRtDiTRiCKSTAPT, » towo of Den- mark, in .S. Jutland, built in i6ai. Itis feated on the river Eyder, 8 miles N. E. of Toningen, and 17 S. W. of Slef wicks. Lon. 9. 33. E. lat. 54. 3a. N. Frxoer ICKSTADT, a town of Norway, in the province of Agerhuys, feated on a bay of the fea, near the frontiers of Swe* den, 60 miles N, of Gottenburg. Lon. ii. s6. E. lat. 59. 1... N. FaEisBNGEN.a handfome andconfider- able town of Germany, capital of a hifhop- rick of th^ fame name, in the circle of Ba- varia, and fubje£t to the bifhop. It is feated on a mountain near the river Ifer, xo miles N. of Unich, and 37 C. of Ofburg. Lon. ti. 50. E. lat. 48. zo N. Frcjus, an ancient town of France, in Provence, with a bifhop's fee. It had for- 6. 43. E. lat. 44. 35. Nt * Frkshfuii p, a village in Somerfet* (lure, with one fair, on September 16, for checfe. * Frbttincham, a village in Nor> folk, with one lair, on the fitlX Monday in April, for petty chapmen. * Frbudkn'stadt, a handfome and ftrong town of Germany, in the Black Fo> reft, built in i6oc, to defend the pafTitge in and out of this forcft. It is 1 5 miles S. W. of Tubingen, and 31 S. E. of Straft>urg. Lon. 8. 17. E. lat. 48. S5. N. * Frewen, a village of Cornwal, with two fairs, on Eafter-Tuefday and Septem- ber 29, for horfes, oxen, Hieep, cloth, and a few heps. Freystadt, a town of Upper Hun- gary, in the county of Neitra, with a ftrong caftle ; feated on the river Wag, over-againft Leopolftadt. Lon. 18. 55. E. lat. 48. 50. N. Freystadt, a town of Silefia, in the territory of Tefhtn, 16 miles E. of Trogaw* Lon. 17. 55. E. lat. 50. o. N. * Frias, a confiderable town of Spain, in Old Caftile, feated on a mountain near the river Ebio, 35 miles N. W. of Burges. Lon. 3. 27. W. lat. 41. 50. N. Fribvrg, a large town of Germanyi and capital of Brifgaw ; remarkable for the fleeple of the great church, which, except that of Strafburg, is the fincft in Germany, and for its univerfity. The inhabitants are famous for polifhing cryftal and precious ftones. It has been feveral times taken and retaken, particularly by the French in 1744, who demolifhed the fortifications. It is feated on the river Trifer, 10 miles E. of Brifach, and 30 S. of Stralburg. Lon. 7. 57. E. lat. 48.4. N. Fa I BURG, a town of SwifTerland, and capital of the canton of the fame nam*. Tie public buildings, efpecially the cathe- dral, are very handfome, and the inhabi- tants are Papifts. It is governed in fpi- rituals by the bifhop of Laufanne, who re- fi'^es there, and in temporals by a council, over which an avoyer prefides. Its (itua- tion is very extraordinary, for only the weftern fide is near plain ground, and all the reft is built among rocks and hills. The ftreets are clean and large, and it is divide^ into four parts, the toiK'n, the city, the of- land or meadow, and the bofpital. In $737 the powder-magazine, which contained 750 tons of gunpowder, was fet on fire by lightning, F A E nghtning, which did conHderable d»magc. It ii rented on the fiver Save, 17 miles S W. of Berne, and 75 S. W. of Zurich. Lon 7. 5. C. lat. 46. 50. N. * FkiBuiio, the canton of, and one of the 13 republioi of SwifTerland. Ic 11 Cur- rounded on all fides hy the canton of Betne, and the land is fruitiul in corn, fruits, and pa(\ur«a. It ii faid they can fend 18,000 men into the field. * FaiavRn, the hermitafce of, a cele- brated hermitage of SwilfeiUnd, three milea from Frihiir^. It is cut in a rock, and con- tain* a chuich and Aeeple, a veftry, a kit- chen, a larf^ir hall, two rooms on each fide two (lairof ftairt, and a cellar. The church Is 63 feet lung, 36 broad, and 21 high. But the mn(i wondeiful thing of all is the fteepie, which is 70 feet high above the rock. The chimney of the kitchen is alfo very furpriUng, lor the pairage up it is 90 feet in height. It is almoft inconceivable how une man, with lits fervant, could per- form lb difficult a woik, though they were S5 yeais about it- Fa icbnti. an epifcopal town of Italy, In the kingdom of Naples, and in the Far- ther Principato, near the river Tripalto, 10 miles S. E. of Benevenro, and 35 N. E. of Salerno. Uon. 14. i3> E. lat 40. 59. N. * FaiDBiao, a town of Germany, in Wetteravia, much more confiderable for- merly than at prefent, though an imperial town, and governed by its own magistrates. It is feated on a mountain, ic miles N. E. of Francfort, and 11 S. of GiefTen. Lon. 8. jo. E. las 50. 14. N. * Fa I D9 IRC, the name of two fmall towns in Silefia, the one in the duchy of Ja- ver, and the other in the duchy of Schweid- nitz. The hfk is rcma'kable for a battle gained there by (he king of PrufTta over the Auftrians in [une i74S' Fridbbrc^ a town of Germany, in Ba- varia, with a caftle, taken and plundei'ed by the Swedes in 16^1, It is 3^ miles K. W. of Munich, and 8 N, E. of Ofburg. Lon. 10. $. E, Ut. 48. 25. N. Fridburo, a town of Gerttany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, 9 miles S. W. of Drefden, and fubjedl to th« ele^^or of Sax- ony. Lon. II. 3S.B. lar. <;o. 55. N. Fa I DBURG, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and province of Thuringia, feated ^r, he river Undrue, 30 miles W. of Leipfick. Lo«. 11, 5S.E.Iat. 51. 90. N. • Friding, a t»w« of Germany, in Suahia, belonging to M)e houfe of Aultria ; feated on the rivet Oanube, 8 miles S. E of fubin^en, ana 30 H, of ConlUnce, Lon. F A L 9. I.E. lat. 47 50. N. Fi I D L A N t>, a town of BoNemla, on ^ conAncs of Siltfla, 55 miles E. <>r Drefden, and fubjcA to the houfe of AuAna. Losi. 15. 5. E. lat. 5«. 5. N. Friolbnorn, a town of Germany, in Suabia, remarkable for a battle fought here between the Impeiiali(\s and French, wlicr«» in the foimer were beateo. It it 3 miloa E. of the Rhine, and 4 N. nf Bafle. Lon. 7* 40. E. lat. 49. 43. N. Friioburo, a town of Germany, in '1)« landgravate of HcfTe, which is imperial, and governed by its own magiOratcs. It is 16 miles N. of Franckfort. Lon. 8. 30. £. lac. 50. to. N. Fribsach, a town of Germany, in Ca« rinthia, and in the archbifhoprick of Salts- burg, with a ftrong caftle, built on a moun- tain, It is feated in a pleafant, fertile coua- try, 40 miles from Saitzburg, Lon. 13. 40. E. lat. 47. 10. N. Fr irsi.and, oneoftheUnitedProvinces, bounded on the N. by the fea, on the W. bf the Zuider Zee, on the S. by the fame an4 the lordfhip of OveryfTcl, which alfo, witk Groningen, bounds it on the E. It is dU vided into 4 parts, Oflcrgow, WeAergow, Seven walden, and the I lies. Leewardin is the principal town. FRiRstAND, East. SeeEMBniK. * FRiNG,a vllagc tn Norfolk, a little to the W. of Burnham, with two fairs, on May 10 and September 30, for hoifes. Frinwalt, a town nf Gemany, in tl« circle of Upper Saxnny, and margravate of Brandenburg, feated on the W. fide of tho river Oder, and fubjeA to Pruflia. It is 30 miles N. E. of Berlin. Lon, 14. 45. £. lat* 5z- 4x. N. Frio, Cafb, a promontory of Bra all, in S. America, and in the province of Rio Janeiro. Lon. 5,^. 35. W. lat. 13. 30. S. FaisHAr, a bay of the Baltick Sea, at the mouth of the river ViAula, on the coaA of Pruflia, in Poland. Fr iTZLAR, a town of Germany, in the landgravate of HeflTe CaHli, 20 miles S. W. of Caffel. Lon. 8. 50. E. lat. 51. 5. N. Fr luLi, a confiderable province of Italfi b<>unded on the N. by Carinthia, on the S. by the Gulph of Venice, on the E. by the county of Goritz and the Gulph of Tried, and on the W. by the Marca or Marche of Trevifano, the Feltrino, and the Bellunefe. It is fertile in wine and fruits, and belongs partly to the Venetians, and partly to the houfe of Auflria. Udino it the capital town. Frorisnbr's Straits, lie a little to the northward of Cape Farewell and Weft Green* FUE • Greenland, and were dtfeovered by Sir Martin Frobiftier. Lon. 47. 35. W. iat. 63. «. N. FaoDiNGHAM, I town of the E. Ridlitg a{ Yotlifhire, with a market en Thurfdays, •nd X fairt, on July 10, and OAober 2, for toya and pedlari ware. It it 36 mites E. »f York, and 171 N. of London. Lon. o. $. W.lat. 53. 55. N. FftoDSMAM, a town of Chefliire, wiih a ntailcet on Wcdnefdays, and a fairs, on May 4, and Auguft ti, for cattle anJ ped- lars waie. It is feated near the great river Mcrfty, by Frodfham hills, the higheft in the country. It confifls of one long ftreer, and at the W.end of it there is a caftle. It i* II miles N. E. of Chefter, and i6a N. N. W. of London. Lon. 2.35. W. Iat. 53. ap. N. * FftOGATNiATH, t Village in Surry, with oo« fair, on July 16, for pedlars >Rrar<. FnoMi, a town of Somerf«tfliire, with a market on Wednefdays, and 4 fairs, on Fe> bruary 24, and July 21, for cattle and cheefe ; on September 14 for cheefe, and on November 25 for cattle and cheefe. It ;s feated on the river Frome, over which there is a bridge, and is well inhabited by Ciothiers. It is 12 miles S. of Bath, and 99 v. by S. of London. Lon. a. 25. W. Iat. ji. 20. N. * Fkonsac, a town of France, inGui- enne, with the title of a duchy. It is feated on the river Dordogne, 22 milea N. E. of Bourdeaux. Lon. o. 13. W. Iat. 46. O.N. ; FsoNTirxA, a town of Portugal, in ' Alentejo, famous for a battle the Portu- gii?fe gained here over the French in 1663. Jt it )0 miles N. E. of Eftremos, and 32 E. of Lifbon. Lon. 6. 43. W. Iat. 38. 56. N. FkOKTKNAc, alakeandfortcfN. Ame- rica. See Fort sk Cataiocou y, and Ontario. Frontigniac, or Fronticnian, a town of France, in Languedoc, remarkable for its excellent Mufcadine wines, its gar- rifon«, and its handfome town-houfe. It is fea'ed on the lake Maguleone, 15 miles N. E. of Agde, and 17 S. W. of Monrpelier. Lon. 3. 41. E. Iat. 43. 48. N. Fuioo, or Foco, one of the Cape de Verd iflands, in the Atlantic Ocean. It is much higher than any of the reft, and feems to be one fingle mountain, at fe.i, though on the fides there are deep valleys. There is a volcano at the top of it, which burnt continually, and m^y be feen a great wayofTatfea. It vomits a great deal of FUN .fire »nd fmoke, and throws out huge pltcet of rock to a vail height j and fometimcfl' there are torrents of brimAone run down the Adet. The Portugucfe, whefirft inha- bited it, brought negro /laves with them, and a ftock of cows, hoifes, and hogs j but, the chief inhabitants now are blacks, ot the Romirti religion. It is 30 miles W. of Cap* deVerd, and 100 W. of ':it . Jago. Lon. 24. 47. W.lat. 15. 20. N. Fur-NTE Du EONA, a town of Spain, in the province of New Caftile, feated on th« river Tajo, 35 miles S. E. of Madrid. Lon. 7. 30. W. iat. 40. 12. N. FuESEN, a town of Germany, in Suabia, belonging to the biftiopof Aujifburg, with an ancient caflle. It is feated on the river Lech, 40 miles S. E. of Augfburg. Lon. 9. 3$E. Iat. 57.45. N. FoiDENTALt, a town of Germany, in Silefia, and in the duchy of Tropaw. It was taken by the king of Pruflia in 1741 and 1744. Fu L D £, a conliderable town of Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, and in the Buchow, with a ceJcbrated abbey, whofe abbot is primare of tlie abbeys of the em» pire, perpetual chancellor of the Emperor, and fovereij^n of a fmall territory lying be.- tween Hefle, Franconia, and Thuringia. It is feated on the river Fuidt, 55 miles S. of CaflTel, and 58 N- E. of Francfoit. Lon. 9. 53. E. Iat, 50. 40 N. • FuLiiAM, a village of Middlefpx, ( miles W, of London, feated on the river Thames, over which there is a handfomf wooden bridge, that leads to Putney in Sur- rey. It is a pitafant village, wUh a great many handfome houfes. FuLiGNO. SeeFoLiCNi. FuNCN AL, an epifcopal town of Kfacfti- ra, in an ifland of tlie Atlanuc Ocean, over-againft the coaft of Morocco. It is large, ftrong, handfome, and populous, with fine clturches. The principal tradt confifts in fweetmeats and wines. It be- longs to the Portuguefe, and is feated in a fertile valley, at the foot of ^ mountain, from whence feveral fti tams proceed. Lon* 14. 30 W. Iat. 31. 30. N. FuNPV-B.t Y, feated between New-Eng- land and Arcadia, or New. Scotland, in which thee is an excellent fiHiery. FuNEN,orFioNiA, a confiiterable ifland in Denmark, feated on the Baitick Sea, and feparaied from Jutland by a ftrait, called the Letrer Belt, and from theiHand of Zea- land by another, called the Gieat Belt. It is fertile in wheat and barley, and abounds in cattle, horfes, (i^ame of all forts, and fiib* Odenfee is the capital town. G' GAG .F«iiME«, a ftrong town of the Auftrian Vetherlands. and in Flanders. The United provinces had a garrifon here till 1744, when it was ttken by the French j it is feated near the tea, on a canal which runs from Bruges to Dunkiik, 5 miles S. W. of Newport, and ix E. of Dunkirk. Lon. x. 45. E. lat. 51. 4. N. FuRSTENBDRc, the couHty of a fove- reign ftate of Germany, in Suabia, with a caftle of the fame name, feated on a moun- tain, nean the river Danube. It is bounded by the duchy of Wirteraburg, the county of Hohenberg, and other territories of the houfe of Auftria, by the Brifgaw, the Black- Forefl, the lake and the biflioprick of Con- Aance. FuKSTBNFitLD, a town of Germany, in Lower-Stiria, with a caflle, on the river Auftnitz, 30 miles N. E. of Gratz, and 50 S. of Vienna. Lon. 16. 35. £. lat. 47. 35. N. *FoasTiNWALD, a town of Germany, in the middle Marche of Brandenburg, feated on the river Spree, ao miles W. of Franc- fort on the Oder. It was taken by the Swedes in 163 1. Lon. 14. 30. E. lat. 5X. »3. N. • FwRT, a ftrong town of Germany, in Lower Bavaria, in (he territory of Strau- bing ; it is feated on tiie river Cam, on the frontiers of Bohemia, and was taken by the Swedes in 1641. ^^..i-v^''; G. . ■ ' /^ABARET, a town of France, in Gaf- ^-^ cony, and capital of Gaberdan j feated on the river Gcliffe, xx miles W. of Condom. Lon. o. I. E. lat. 43. 59. N. Gabian, a village of France, in Lan- guedoc, and in the diocefe of Beders, fa- mous for its mineral waters. Near it is a rork, out of which proceeds black petro- leum, good in feveral diftempers ; likewife on a mountain, not far from thefpi in corn and fielh, but there is fcarce any wio?, trees, or fruits, There u a gila- GAL qcmtity of European goods brought her* by caravans froni Barbary, and fold at * prodigious price ; but fait is the deaieft commodity that is brought. There arc no- thing but villages throughout the kingdom, whole inhabitants are cloathed with (kins in the rainy feafon, but at other times ro Aark-naked. The largeft village is called Gigo, where the king refides, the houfes of which are nothing but poor huts. It is 400 miles S. of Tombuto. Gaieta, an ancient, handfome, and ftcong town of Italy, in the kingdom of Na« pies, and in the Terra-di-Lavoro, with a fort, a citadel, a harbour, and a bifhop't fee. It was tt"; j by the Auftrians in 1707, by ftorm, and by the Spaniards in 1734. It is feated at the foot of a mountain, near the fea, 30 miles N. W. of Capua, and 70 S. W. of Rome. Lon. 13-37. E. lat. 41. 30. N. Gailac, a town of France, in Upper Languedoc, and in tht Albigois, remark- able for its Benedi^ine abbey, and its tiade in wines. It is feated on the river Tarn, i» miles S. W. of AIbi, anfl 15 N. W. of La- vaur. Lon. I. 55. £. lat. 43. $0. N. * Gaillon, a town of France, in Nor- mandy, and in the diocefe of Eveieux, re- markable for its magnificent palace, belong- ing to thearchbilhopof Rouen, and for its handfome chartreufe, which is about three quarters of a mile from ic. It is delightfully feated a mile and a half from the river Seine, 5 from Andilly, and ax from Rouen. Gainsborough, a town of Lincoln- ^ire, with a market on Tuefdays, and z fairs, on Eafter-Tuefday and OAober xo, for cattle, fheep, and all forts of (hop- goods. It is feated on the river Trent, near the fea, and is a large well built town, with a pretty good trade. It is 17 mi!es N. W. of Lin- coln, and 137 N by W. qf London. It has the title of an earldom. Lon. o. 40. W, lat. S3. x6. N. * Galacz, a town of Turky in Eu- rope, and in Bulgaria, feated near the Da- nube, between the mouths of the rivers Pruch and Seret. * Galaso, a fmall river of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in Ocranto : it rifet in the opening near Oria, and falls into the gulph of Tarelito, near the city of that name. Galata, the principal fuburb of Con - flantinople, a city of Turky in Europe. Ic is feated oppofne to the Seraglio, on the xher fide of the harbour j inhabited by Chriflians of all forts, as well as Jewv. jvho exercife their religion publicly, and where wine is fold ip taverns, which is not I C g allowed :i n n i GAL allowed in the city itfclf. The houfes are much better built than ihofe of Conftanri- nople, and theie are 5 Roman Catholic convtir.ts here. C A L ATI A, anciently a province of LcflTer Afia, now called Amafia, in Natolia. Galfally, a town of Ireland, in the eounty of Tipperary, and province of Mun- ftcr, 23 mile« S. E. of Limerick. Lon. 8 so. W. lat. 5a. 15. N. Galicia, a province of Spain, bounded on the N and W by the Ocean, on (he S. by Portutj;al, and on the E.'by Afluriasand the Icingdonn of Leon. The air ia temperate alonj; the coa(^, but, in other places, it is cold and moifl. It it but thin of people, and the produce is wine flax, and citrons ; here alfo are good paAure», copper, and lead ; the forefts yield wood for building of fhips. St. Jago di CompoAella is the capital tows. Galicia, now called alfo Guadala- jara, a country of N. Amerifa, in New- Spain, bounded on the E. by Old Mexico, on the N by the New, and on the W. by tlie S. Sea. The air is temperate, and there i( abundance of corn and pulfe ; here ate alfo mines of filver and copper. The native Americans are fond of dancing to the high- eft degtee, and paint their bodies, adorning Cbemfelves with feathers. Galilei, anciently a province of Ju- dea, but now of Turky in Afia. The bounds are not now certainly known, nor yet the places where many of the towns Aood. Galistio, a fmall town of Spain, in Eftiamadura, near the ci y of Ooria. Here Che duke of Berwick oppofed the ,r.arch of the confederate army to Placenria, in April J 706, who fhamefully run away at the approach of the latter. It is 17 miles N, Vf, of Flacentia. Lon. 11. 46. £. lat. 39. 42. N. Gall, St. a confiderable town In Swif- ferland, and in the Upper Thurgow, wi.h a rich and celebrated abbey,- whofe abbot h a prince of the empire. This place ha« lor fome time been a republic, in alliance with the Cantons. It is not very large, but is well built, nest, populous, and coo- tains about lo.oeo inhabitants, who are chiefly employed in the linen manuf.i£lure; infomuch that it is faid that they annually mike 40,000 pieces of linen, of 2uo> ells each, which renders it one of the richeft towns in SwifTerland. The inhabitants ate Proteftantt, for which reafon there is often great contefts between them and the abbey, about religious aff^iirs. It is feated in a nar. row, barren valley, beiweeo two tncun- .> GAL tains, and upon two fmall flream), 37 miles N. E. of Zurich, and 62 N. E. oi Lucern. Lon. 29. 5. E. lat. 47. 38. N. * Gal I. A, a confiderable fort in the ifland of Ceylon, belonging to the Dutch, who drove the Portuguefe thence in 1640. Some call it Punta de Gallo. Lon. 79. 25. E. lat. 6. 30. N. Gallaf AGos Islands, the name of fe- veral iflands in the South-Sea, lying on both fldes the equator, difcovered by the Spaniards, to whom they belong They are not inhabited ; for the Spaniards only call there for fre(h, water and provifions, when they fail from America to Afla. Here arc a great number 6( birds and excellent tortoifes. * Oallt, a people of Africa, in Abyf* linia, great enemies to the Abyflinians, from whom they ha^e taken feveral provinces. They are a wild cruel people, and live chiefly on their flocks and herds, and by robbing. They are circumcifed, have as many wives a« they pleafe, and are continually roving from one place to another. Gallifoli., a fea-port tovim of Itaty^ in the kingdom of Naples, ^nd in iheTerra- diOtranto, with a bifhop's fee, a foit, and a harbour. It is feated on a rock, furrounded by the fea, and which is joined to the firm land by a bridge. It is 2 7miles W.of Otran- to, and 45 S. E. of Taranto. Lon. 18. io» £. lat. 40. 20 N. Gallifoli, a fea>port town of Turky in Europe, in the province of Romania, feated at the mouth of the fen of Marmora, with a good harbour, and a bifliop's fee. It contains about 10,000 Turks, 35CO Greeks, befldes a great number of Jews. The bazar, or bezeftein, the place where merchandizes are fold, is a handfome flruc- lure, with domes covered with lead. It is an open place, and has no other defence than a ferry fquare caflte. The houfes of the Greeks and Jews have doors not above three feet and a half high, to prevent the Turks riding into their houfes. It is 40 miles S W. of Rodifto, and 100 S. W. of Conftantinople. Lon. a6. 59. E. lat. 40. 30. N. Gallo, an i fland of the S . Sea, near the fea coaft of Peru, in S. America, v^hich was the flrft place poflVfled by the Spa- niards, when they attempted the conqueft of Peru J it is alfo the place where the Buccaneers ufed to come for wood and wa- ter, and to reht their vefl^ls, when they were in thefe parts. Lon. 50. 0. W. lat. a. 30. N. Gallwa V, or Galloway, isa county of SotUnd, about 170 miles in length, i from k )\ miles icern. tlie ►utch, 1640. »5' orr«. g on the Tliey only fions. Here client GAM from E. to W.and too in breadth, from N. to S. It is bounded on the S. and W. by the fea ; on the N. by Carrick and Kyle ; and on the S. by Nithfdale. It containti fe. veral rivers, and a great number of lakes from half a mile toiwo miles in length. *Galway, or Galloway, a county of Ireland, which is 82 miles in length, and 4t in breadth, bounded by the counties of Clare, Tipperary, King's County, Rofcom- mon, and the fea. The river Shannon wafhes the frontiers of the E. and S. E. and forms a lake feveral miles in length. There is another great lake, called Corbes, or Carrib, which is near 10 miles lontj, and 5 broad. It contains 15,4x0 houfes, and 136 parilhes, 17 baronies, 13 bo- roughs, and fends 8 members to parlia- ment. The capital town is of the fame name. Galwav, a town of Ireland, in the county of the fame name, and province of Connaught, of which it is the capital. It is furrounded with ftrong walls, with large ftrait ftreets, and :h: houfes are generally well-built with ftone. It has a good trade into foreign parts, on account of its har- bour, which is defended by a fort. It is feated en the bay of Galway on the Wed- ern Ocean, 30 miles W. of Athlone, and 100 W. of Dublin. Lon. 9. 10. W. lat. 53" »«• NT. * Gamachis, a town of France, on the confines of Normandy and Picardy, with the title of a marquifate, and it has a hand fome caftle, and a collegiate cliuich. It is feared on the river Brefle, and is partly in the diocefe of Rouen, and partly in that of Amiens. Gambia, a great river of Africa, in Ne- groland, which running fronn E. to W. falls into the Atlantic Ocean. Some of the Eng- li(h faAors alHrm, that it is navigable for floops above 600 miles. However, it is certain, that if veHlls were fent up it foon after the rainy feafon, when the channel is full of water, they mi.;ht go a great deal fartlier, and make ne.v difcoveries. The Engli(h have a large faAory on James- ifland, which lies 30 miles up the river, and almoft in the middle of it, three miles from the neareft (hore. This ifland is about a mile in circumference, and there is a fort built, mountad with cannon, with a fmall garri fon to defend it. SefHes this, there are fmall faAories at feve'al places, a great way up the river; and they trade with the natives fos gold,elephan i-teeth, bae»-wax, and flaves They had found out a way to purchafe gum fenega j but fince the taking of Senegilj the gum-trade it etuirely in G A N poflefTion of the Englifh. There are feve- ral count: ies and people about this rivef which will be mentioned in their proper places. It overflows annually like t!ie Nile, at the fame time, and for the fame rcafons, namely, the heavy and con/lane lains that fall at the fame time of the )ear up the country. * Ganara, a kingdom of Africa, in Negroland, lying on the river Niger, ard capital of a kingdom of the fame name, tho* fome call it Guangara. Betides this, there are nothing but fmall villages, though the country is very populous. It lies very far to the E. and almolt borders upon Ab>fn- i^^i and travellers affirm, that theie is a good deal of gold in the S. parts. The roads are unpalTable for cameU ; and theiefore their commodities are cairied on men's fhoiilders. * GANnERSNEiM, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and in the duchy of Brunfwick-Wolfenbuttle, with a celebrated nunnery. It is 17 miles S. W. of Goflar. Lon. 8, 11. E. lat. 51. 48. N. Ganota, a fea port town of Spain, in the kingdom of Valencia, \vi>h the title of a duchy, and a fmall univerlity. It \0 feated near the fea, 55 miles N. of Alicant, and 3z S. E. of Valencia. Lon. 0. 2C. £. lat. 39 6. N. * Gandicot, a ftrcng town of Afia, in ihepcninfula on this Hdc the Gange?, and in the kingdom of Carnate, with a famous pagod, or heat^en temple, wherein thcie a e fcveral idols of gold and fiiver. Gancea, or Gandja, a town of Afia, in Pel Ha, and in Georgia, capial of a pto- vince of the fame name. It is one of the bed towns of Peifia, and is feated on a plea* fant plain about 80 miles in length. The great number of rivers that meet there, »n4 which the inhabitants make ufe of to wattf their gardens, take up a good part v{ the town, and render the foil about it exceed- ing fertile. The houfes a:e builr among a great number of groves and thick'ts of lovely trees, and the liazars, or nuiket- pVices, are as magnificent as any in the Eaf). There is a particular quarter aHign- ed for every fort of commodity. It is al- ways crowded by a gieat number of fo- reigners, who coi'ne there to ti'ide. It is 115 miles N. E. of Erivan, and 105 S. by E. of TtlHis. Lon. 47. 35. E. lat. 41. 32. N. Gancfs, a large and celebrated river of Afia, in India. It has i's fouice in the mountains, which border on little Thiber, in 96 dtgrees cf Icngiiude, and 35. 45. of C li 1 iatW* GAR latitude. U erodes feverai kingdomf, rumirng fiom N. to S. and falls into the bay of Ben- gal, by feveral mouths. Tlie waters are lowed in April and May, and highed be- fore tlie end of Septem4)er. It overflows yearly like the Nile ; and renders the king- dom of Bengal as fruitful as ihat of the Delta in Egypt. The people m rhefe parts have the water of tliis river in high vene- ration } and it is viflted annually by a pro- dit^^ious number of pilgrims from all parts of India. The EngliHi have feveral fettlements on this river, which will be taken notice of in their proper places. T^e greateft happi- nefs that many of the Indians wifli for, is to die in this liver. Gani , or CouLOB, a town of Afia, in the kingdom of Golcon'^a, in which is a rich diamond mine. It is loo miles E. of Bag< nagar, and fubje^ to ihe Great Mo^ul. Lon. 79. o. £. lat. 36. o. N. * Gaoca, a kingdom of Africa, lying on the eaf^ern extremity of Negroland. It i» bounded on the E. by Nubia } on the N. by Tagua ; on the W. by Gangara j and on the S. by Bournio. It is about 500 miles in length, and as many in breadth. The inhabitants are little better than brutes, efpe- cially thole that (iwell in the mountains, and they always go naked. The houfes are n"^ thing but pitiful huts 3 but ihey have plenty of cattle. Between this kingdom and tke GAS hai three rows of arches one above aflottitr* The lower row has 35 arches, and is 30* paces in length. Gardilkben, a town of Germany, in the Old Marche of Brandenburg, fubjeA to the king of Piuflia. It has a trade in hops and excellent beer ; and it feated on the rh- ver Beife, 22 miles N. by W, of Magdeburg* and 55 N. E. of Brunfwick. Lon. 11. 55« E. lat. 51. 44.. N. * Garep, a town of Afiica^ in Barb*- ry, in the kingdom of Morocco, and pr»- vince of Suz, remarkaMe for its fugaj-millv. * Gar IT, a province of the kingdom of Fez, in Barbary. It is a mountainou* country, but has good iron-mines, and is well peopled,^ except towards tl>e S. which is defart, and without water. The principal town is Melila. Garqano, or St> AntsKLo, apromon** tory of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, in the Capitanata. There is one of the oldeft and moft celebrated convents built thereon in- this ifingdom, except that on Mount Caffino. *Gai(gii AVE, a village in the W. P.idinjf of Yorkfliire, not far from Ripley, with one fair, on December 11, for horned cattle and toys. *Ga»neii8-Str»«t, a village in 3 ufw fex, with one fair, on Auguft 5, for ped- lars-ware. Garonne, a large river of France, which^ river Nile there is a defert, which reaches as I has its fource in Catalonia, and in the Py far N. as t!ie frontiers of Egypt. Gap, an ancient town of France, in Dau- phiny, and capital of the Gapenzois, with a bifhop's fee. It wa» taken by the fluke of Savoy in 1692, who burnt a great part of it, and rendered it lefs confiderable than ic was before. It is feated at the foot of a mountain, 17 miles N. of Siilcron, and 50 b. by E, cA G.-enjble. Lon, 6. 9. £. lat. 44. 35- M. *GARACK,a confiderable ifle of Afia, in t'le gu![)li of Perfia, remarkable for the fine pearli fifhed up on its coafts. Lon. 49. 40. E. lar. 28. 4.5. N. Caravi', a proiTiontory- of France, in Provence, not far from An'ibes, which runs pretty far into the ft;'; and forms the bay of Cannes. Car da, a town of Italy, in the territory of Venice, and in the Veronefe ; feattd at the end of a ^^cat \A^s of the fame name, jy miles N. W of Verona. Lon. lo. 41. E.lat. 45. 35. N. • Garte, an, ancient bridj;e of France, in Lower Lan,guedcc, built by tl>e Romans, over the river Gardon; 11 miles from Nifmes, and 5 from Ijzes. It is built with ^ce Aone, pf a ("urprizing magnitude, .ind renean mountains. T It waihes part of Gaf- cony, Upper Languedoc, and all Guienne ; but having received the Dordogne, it af- fumes the name of Gironde, and falls into the fea of Gafcony. It pafTes by St. Ber- trand, Hieux, Tosloufe, Verdun, Agen, Bourdeaux, and feveral lefs confiderable places. t Garrison, a town of Ireland, in the county of Feimanagh, and in (he province of Ulrter, 10 miles S. of Bally Shannon, Lon. 8. 20. W. lat. 54. 16. N. Gars T ANT., a town of Lancafhire, with a maiket on Thurfdays, and thit' fairs» on Holy-Thurfday, lor homed cattle j on- July 13, and Deceml>er 3, for horned csltle^ woc.l, and cloth. It is feated on the siver Wyre, and is a good thorouphfa-e to Lan- cafter, from which it is 10 miles N. and zaj N. N. W. of London. Lon. a. 40. W. lat. 53. 50. N.^ - * Gartz, a town of Germany, in I'o- mer^nia, on the cor.fir.es of the Marelie of Biandenburg, fubjcdt to the king of Pruflia. Lon. 17. 10. E. lat. 53. 13. N. .; .^j. G.^$coNY, a large province of France, and part of the general government of Gui- 1 cnne, It is Sounded oinht N, by Guicrne,. 1 on- ca ; G A V •n tbe W. by Languedoc and the countjr of Foix, on the S. by the Pyrenees, which feparaie it from Spain, and on the W. by the fea of Gafcony. It comprehends Landes, ChalofTe, Turfan, Marfan, the territory of Albret, the Bafqrtes, Beam, Bigorre, Comminget, Armagnac, Conferans, Con- domois, and part of Bazadois, and of Bour- dalois. The Gafcons are faid to have quick parts ; but they are given to boaft of their valour, which has occafloned the name of Gafconade to be giving to ail brag- ging flories. The Gafcons, who inhabit the diftri^s near the Pyrenees, are originally cf Spain. • GAsPKtt A, a province of N. Ameri- ca ; bounded on the N. by the mountains of Notre Dame, on the N. and E. by the gulph of St. Lawrence, on the S. by Nova Scotia, ?nd on the W. by Canada It is inhabited by favages, who are well-made, robuft, a^ive, and nimble. They live con- Aantly in the helds, and rove from one place to another in fearch of game, for they live by hunting and fiOiing. 'i hey daub (heir faces with biack and red, and feme of them pierce the grille between their no- Arils, and haog beads therein. They wor- lAiip the fun, and are much a'^diAed to firunkennefs ; but they are not To covetous at the reft of the native Americans. Gassenhoven, a town of the AuArian Netherlands, 4 miles £. of Tiriemont, and .15 £. of Louvaine. Lon. 4, 50. £. lat. 50. 55. N. • Gastinois, a province of France, about 45 miles in length, and 30 in breadth. It abounds in paAures, forefls, and excellent faffron. G A T E, a long chain of mountains in Afia, .in the .peninfula, on this fide the Ganges, which it divides throughout its length into two unequal parts. But the moA remark- able thing is, that on the fide of the coaA of Malabar the winter begins about the end of June, with a S. W. wind ; and, at the fame time, on the other fide, upon Coro- xnandel coaO, they enjoy a pleafant fpring, and the fined feafon in the year. Gatton, a town of Surry, which was formerly very large, but is now reduced to a village, and has neither market nor fair. However, it fends two members to parlia- ment. It is 19 miles S. of London. Lon. o. 10. W. lat. 15. 18. N. Gavakdo, a town of Italy, in Brefciano, feared on the river Weife, about 7 miles W. of the lake di GarHa, and fubjefl to Venice. The Imperialifts retired to this place after tbeir deieat at Garfinado, in April 1705. Lon. II. 45. £. Ut. 45. z8 N, , : ,- I GAY • GiitrBKNS, a very poputou* town of France, and capital of the Neboiifan j feated on the river Garonne, 5 miles N. £. of St. Bertrand. Lon. t. %. E. lat. 43. 8. N. GAVERiN,or'WAVERiN,atownof the AuArian Netherlands, in Flanders; feat-:d on the eaAem bank of the river Scheld, i miles S. E, of Ghent, and 5 N. E. of Oude« nard, Lon. 3. 35. E. lat. 51. o. N. • G A T I , a town of Italy> in the territory of Genoa, Aanding on the river Lemo, te> wards the confines of Montferrat. It is very Arongly feated ; but the fortifications are not kept in repair. It is i ; miles N. of Ge* noa, and la £. S. £. of Alefandrino. Lon. 8. 57. E. lat. 44. 37. N. Gaul, a country of Europe, formerljr very famous; bounded by Germany and Italy on the E. the German Ocean and the Britifh Channel on the N. the WeAern Ocean on the W. and the Mediterranean on the S. It was feparated from Italy by the Alps, and from Spain by the Pyrenees. It was not a particular monarchy, but was pof> fefled by a great number of people indepen- dent of each other. Gaur, a territory in the province ^f ChorafTen, in Perfi^, and on the confin^ of India. Gaures, orGuEBRES,a people of Afia , in Perfia, and in the E. Indies, who are the remains of the ancient Perfees, or Perfi^m, who are noted for their worOiipping of fire and the fun ; for they fay God is light. They pretend to have a fire which has never been extingui(hed for 4000 years. They make tilling the land an aA of religion, and look upon it as the moA agreeable to God. They affirm Zsroafter to be the founder of their worfhip ; and believe two principles, the one good and the other bad. They aie a mild innocent fort of people, and have been very patient under perfecutions. They live under the conduit and dire^ion of their elders and prieAs; and took upon Alexan« dcr the Great and Mahomet as two wicked men. They marry none but of their own religion; and are allowed but one wife, unlefs the firft proves barren : however, they don't trouble their heads how near a- kin their wives are. The employment of their prieAs, istotakecareof the facred fire, which they fay was ft'rt li«lued by their great prophet Zoroafter, whofe return they daily expeft. They never bury their dead, but cxpofe them in the open air, in places fur- rounded with high walls, to be devoured by birdj of prey. • GAvwoon, a village in Norfolk, a mile E. of King's Lynn, with one fair. I kept in the village iifclf, on June ir, for horfe^ ; I .' GEM lierrct ) and another, held at the cunom- boufe^qHay of Ly nn,on OAober 6,for cheere. * Gaza, an ancient and celebrated town of PaleAine, about 3 miles from the fea, with a harbour called New Gazat It is at prefent very fmall } but we may judge by the ruins that it was formerly a con* fideiable place. There is a caftle near it, where a bai8. £. lat. 50. 34. N. *Gemuvo, a handfome town of Ger- many, in Upper Auflria, confiderable for its fait- works. It is feated on the river Draun, to the N. of a lake of the fame name. * Gbnap, a town of the Auflrian Ne- therlands, in Brabant, with an ancient ca- ttle ; feated on the river Dyle, 1 5 miles S. £. of BrufTels, and 10 N. W. of Gemblouia. Lon. 4. 39. £. lat. 40. 36. N. * Gbnbhoa, a kingdom of Afiica, in Negroland, by fome called Ghenoa ; but the natives themfelves call it Genni ; and the Europeans Ghinea. It is bounded by Gualata on the N. by Tombuto on ihe E. by the river Senegal on the S. and on the W. by the Allantick Ocean. Between Gualata and this country there is a defert, 50 miles broad ; and the river Senegal, on the fide of which it lies, was by ancient authors called the Niger. It is about 500 miles in length, and extends to above 150 miles on the above river. It is very fruitful in rice, fHh, and cattle ; and they drive a trade with the Barbary merchants, who come in laige ca- ravans from that country. There is nei- ther town nor caflle ; but has one large vil- lage, inhabited by their principal people. Their houfes aie built like bells, pointed at the top with walls of clay, and roofs of reeds. When the river oveifiows in Jul*', Auctufl, and September, the mercharA» of Tombuto biing their wares hither in ca- noes. This is thought to be the country from whence the coaft of Guinea derives its name ; and of late it has undergone feveral revolutions. The principal village is faid to be I30 miles below Tombuto. GcNBr, or Gennbp, a ttronfi; town of Germany, in the circle of Weflphalia. It was taken by the Dutch in 1641, and by the French in 1672 ; is now fubje£t to the king of PiufTia, and feated 00 the rivet Ncers, "S.f ¥1 GEN Keen, near the Maere, 5 ml'ei S. W. of Clevei, and *sfi, of Veiiiow. Lon. 5, 50. H. iat. 51. 42. N. Gbnkva, an ancient, large, and popu- lous town, capiol of a republic of the fame name, near the confines of France and SwifTerland. It is very ancient, and was well known in the time of the Romans. Julius Caefar made ufe of it as a bulwark againft the H Jvetians. It is well builr, rich, and ArongI) fortified. Here are always a great numbe. of flrangers, who are tra- velling from France to I'aly, or from Italy :? F' iince. It is divided by the river Rhone into two unequal parts, and which alfo forms an ifle, full of fine houfes, and here is an ancient f\ru£lure, called the tower of Caefar. The largefl part is built on a hill, which defcends by a gentle declivity, and lies to the S. of the river ; the other part communicates with, the ifland by two large wooden bridges. St. Peter's ctiurch is a vaft Arudlure, built in the Gothic taf)e, and has three towers, the lead of which is covered with tin plates. The arfenal is well fur- nifhed, and there is a ftron; garrifon. The college, where there is a m ^nificent libra-' ry, it well worth obfervation. In general it is a very agreeable place, and there is no- thing omitted to render it delightful. The principal riches of the inhabitants proceed from their manufaAures, of which they have a great number ; but the moft confider- abie are watches, clocks, and gold and fil- ver lace. The revenues of the repuplic arife from the duty of merchandizes which are carried out of the city, and from a pro- digious quantity of corn which the magi- ftrates buy, and fell to the inhabitants. The fovereignty of this republic is lodged in the aflen.bly of the citizens and bHrghers, but there are feveral bodies of the magi' ftracy, who have each their proper province, and whofe heads are chofen by the people. The great council confifls of 100 perfons, from among whom there are 25 counfel- lors chofen, of which 4 are fyndics, who are heads of the republic, and chofen every year. They are jealous of their liberties, are in alliance with the cantons of Bern, Zurich, and Soleure. It was formerly a free imperial city, and a bifhop's fee, but the bifhop was expelled, when they embraced Calvinifm, in 1^53. They will not allow playing at cards, or drinking at public houfes i but they exercife their militia, play at bowls, and ufe other exei;.ifes on a Sun- day. It is 70 miles N. E. of Lyons, 65 S. of Befanzon, 40 N. E. of Chamberry, and 13s N. by w. of Turin. Lon, 6. 15. E. Iat. 46. 13 N. GEN GiKiVA, the Lake of. SeeLiMAN. * GiNtvBsc, a di(\riA between France, Savoy, and SwifTcrland, exttemely fertile, pleafant, and populous* Geneva is the ca« pital town. Gbnginback, a town of Germany, ia the circle of Suabia, 10 miles S. E. of Straf« burg, and 20 N. ofFiiburg. Lon. 7.45. E. Iat. 48. 30. N. * Gbncoux de Royal, St. a town of France, in Burgundy, and in the diocefa of Chalons, remaikable for its excellent wines. It is feated at the foot of a moua* tain, near the river Grone, so miles N. Vf, of Macon, and 17 S. W. of Ciialoni. Lon* 4. 33. E. Iat. 46.40. N. Gen IS, a town of Savoy, feated on the river Guier, and fubjeA to the king of Sar« dinia. It is i» miles W. of Chamberry* Lon. 5. 30. E. Iat. 45. 40. N. Genoa, a town of Italy, and capital of « republick of the fame name. It is very an* cient and large, being about 6 miles in cir- cumference, built like an amphitheatre, and is full of magnificent ftru^ures, fuch at churches and palaces, and particularly thofe of the Doge and of Doria, whence it has the name of Genoa the Proud. It is very po- pulous, and one of the moft trading placet in Italy. They reckon there are 70,000 in- habitants, of which 10,000 families are em- ployed in making velvets, filks, and the like. It is an archbifhop's fee, has an academy, a good harbour, and lofty walls, fortified in fuch places where they are moft likely to b« attacked. There is a large aquedudt, which fupplies a great number of fountains with water, in all parts of the city. The houfes are well built, and are 5 or 6 flories high ; and here are 57 churches, 17 convents, and 1 large hofpitals. The government it ariftocratic, becaufe none but the nobility can have any (hare in it j thefe are of two forts, the old and the new, from whence there are 80 perfons chofen, who make the great council, in which their fovereignty re- lides. Befides thefe, there is a fenate, com- pofed of the Doge and is fenators, who have the common adminiflration of atfaiit. The Doge continues in his office but two years. The harbour is very confiderablf, and to preferve it they have built a mole of 560 paces in length, and 13 in breadth j they have raifed it 1 5 feet above the level of the water, that it may the better (belter the (hips, a nd break the force of the waves. Upon this mole there is a tower, with 360 fleps to go up to the top, where in the night-lime they place a great number of lanthorns. The harbour may be (hut up with a chain, whioh will hinder ihe going out GEO > out or coming in of the vefllels. It wai bombarded by the French in 1684, and Tub* mittcd to the Hungarian* in 174(^1 but a ci- tisen being abufed by an Aulhian officer, the inhabitants rofe and ma/Tacrect part cf the foidieri, arid drove away the reft. It vt»i bcfieged afterwards by the Audrians ; but the French coming 10 the afliftance of the town, they were obliged to raife the ftege, in July 1747. The oidinary revenue cf this tepublic is aoo,ooo 1. a-year, and theie is a bank which is partly fupported by public duties. They generally keep two or three years provifion of corn, wine, and oil, in their magazines, which they ftll to the people in fcarce times. It is 70 miles S. of Milan, 6z S. E. of Turin, 65 S. W. oi Parma, i la N. W. of Florence, and 2x5 N. W. of Rome. Lon. 8, 57. E. lat. 44. 25. N. GiKOA, the territory of the republic of, comprehends the coa'ft of Genoa, the ifland of Corfica, and the ifland of Capraya, on the coaft of Tufcany, but it was formerly more conAderable than it it at prefent. The coaft of Genoa extends along the Me. rfecerranean Sea, which is to the S. between Tufcany, and the duchy of MaflTa ; to the B. the county of Nice, the principality of Monaco, and the Appenine mountains to the W. and the duchies of Milan, Parma, and Montfertat to the N. It is about 130 miles in length, but not much above 20 miles in breadth. It is populous, well cul> (ivaied, and fertile near thefea ; but the in- ner parts are very mountainous ; and barren in feveral places, having neither trees nor grafs upon them. GtORct, St. del Mina, a fort of Africa, on the GoldCoaft ofGuinea, and the principal fettlement the Dutch have in thofe parts. It was taken from the Portu- guefe in 1630, by the Dutch, who have kept It ewer fince. The fort or caftle is the beft upon the coaft of Guinea, and is built fquare, with very high walls, having four good batteries. Here is room for a garrifon of above 400 men, with convenient lodg- ing for officers. Under the caftle is the town, called by the natives Oddena, which is very long, and pretty broad. The houfes are built with ftone, which is very extraor- dinary, for in all other places they are com- pofed only of clay and wood. It was once trery populous, but the inhabitants were de ftroyed by the fmall pox, fo that it is greatl> reduced, and they are become very poor. It is about 10 miles W. of Cape-coaft-ca- Ale. Lon. o, 15. W. lat. 5. 20. N. GtORGB, St. a fort and town of Afia, in ;be peninfaU on this fide the Ganges, GEO and on the ieoaft of Coromandel, belonging to the Englifh ; it is otherwife called Ma- drafi), and by the natives ChUi-patam. It fronts the fea, and has a falt-water river on its backfide, which hinders the frefh water fprings from coming near the town, fo that they have no good water witliin a mile of them. In the rainy feafon it is incom- moded by inundations, and from April to September it is fo fcorching hot, that if the fea breezes did not cool the air, there would be no living iheie. There are two towns, one of which is called li^c white town, which is walled round, and has feveral bul- warks and baftions to defend it : it is 400 paces long, nnd 150 broad, and is divided into regular ftreets. Here are two churches, one for the Proteftants, and the other for the Papifts ; as alfo a good hofpital, a town hall, and a prifon for debtors. They ate a corporation, and have a mayor and aldermen, with other proper officers. The Black Town is inhabited by Gentoos, Ma*. hometans, and Portugutfe and Armenian Chriftians, and each religion have their tern* pies and churches. This, as well as the Wni e Town, is ruled by the Englifh ^ver- nor, and his council. The diamond mines are bu' a week's journey from this place, which renders them pretty plentiful, but there are no large ones fmce that ttreat dia- mond was procured by governor Pitt. Thia colony produces very little of its own growth or manufa£lure for foreign mai- kets, and the trade is in the hands of the Armenians and Gentoos. The chief thing! the Engliih deal in, befides diamonds, are calicoes, c>iintz, muflins, and the like. Thia colony may confift of 80,000 inhabitants, in the towns and villages, and there are ge- nerally 4 or 500 Europeans : their rice ia brought by fea to Gangam and Orixa, their wheat from Surat and Bengal, and their fire-wood from theiflands of Diu, infomuch that an enemy, with a fuperior force at fea, may eafily diftrefs them. The houfes of tlie White Town are built with brick, and have lofty rooms, and flat roofs ; but the Black Town conflfts chiefly of thatched cot- tages. The military power is lodged in the governor and council, who are alfo the laft rtfort in civil caufts. The company have two chaplains, who officiate by turns, and have each tool, a-year, befides the advan- t-iges of trade They never attempt to make profely tea, but leave that to the popifh mifllonaries. The falaries of the company's writers are veiy fmall, but, if they have any fottune of their own, they may make it up by trade, which mufi generally be the cafe, for they cemmonly grow rich, It waa taken GEO taktn by the French in 17^.6, who rencfersd it back after fhe peace. It i» 63 initcj N- of Pondicherry. Lsn. 80. 33.E, lat. 13, 13- • OtORGc's, St. a fin»ll ifland in the territory of Venice, lyinf? to the S. of that capital. In it there is a BcneJi>fline mona- ftcry, whofe church is one of ihe fineflf in Italy, and is embelli(hed wit') a great num- ber of fine^iidtuies. GioROE^s, St. the largeft of the Ber- muda or Summer l/lanJs, lying 50.-) miles £. of the continent of N. America. Lon. 65. 10. W. lat. 31. 30. N. Georgia, orGuRoisTAN, a province •f Afla, partly belonging to Pertia, and partly to the Turks. It is bounded on the N. by Circaflia, on the S, by Turkomania and Erivan, on the E. by Shirvan and the Tartars of Da^cftan, and by the Black Sea on the W« Tiiere are but few towns, but the bread, wine, pomzrantes, cattle, and all the necelTiries of life are cheap and ex- cellent. The inhabitants are very fair, and the women accounted the mod beautiful in the world, and yet they cannot help paint- ing. In general it is a mountainous country, for which reafen Tome parts of it were never conquered, and yet the foil is very fruitful. The inhabitants are a fart of Chriiiians, bur tiieir doArines greatly differ from thofe which are taught by other fefts. Their dif- polition is pretty mild, but they are ex- tremely ignorant, and addi^ed to fenfual pleafures. But they have one barh.irous cuftom, which is that of felling tHeir fem;?le children to the Turks and Perfians, to fill their feraglios, nor do the boys efcape being fold for other purpofes. They have a patri- arch and feveral bifhops, but the Perlian viceroy is a Mahometan. The river Kur croflTes the whole country, and is naviga- ble for boats, which is not very common in the rivers of Perfia. Teflis is the capital town. Gborota, an Eng1i(h plantation in N. America, bounded on i^-e N. by Carolina, from which it is feparated by the river Sa- vannah ; on the E. by the ocean, on the S. by St, John's river, which divides it from Florida on the S. and W. on the E. is Louiflana. There is a range of iflands along the coafl, which defend ic from the fury of the ocean, and thcfe, as well as the confi nent, being well wooded, the channel bs- tween them is extremely pieafant. There are fand-hanks upwards of 70 miles Trom the coaft, whereon the water (hoals gradu- ally till within 6 miles of the land, ani then the banks are fo (hsilow, that there is no paf- fage except in the channels which lie be- G E R tween the bars. However, the Spaniards found a w.iy through them, and would have taken St. Simon's idand in 174a, i( they hnd not been prevented by general Oglethor|;c The river Savannah n navj. gable for 600 miles with canoes, and 300 with boais, and in the mouth of it is a com- modiou"j and fccme liarbou"-, and to the S. another called Ttky-Sound, wht;realaig« fleet may lie at anchor in 14 fatho.n water, ffcuie from the wmdi. Tlie titles on thia coaft generally fl nv 7 feet. There are fjvt- ral (owns already built, of whicli Sav»no.«h, Ebenczer, and Fiedetica are the cliicf. There ate alfo feveral forts, one of which was taken by tiie Spaniards in i6.{2, but they fled at the approach of general Ogle- thorpe. * Oi^PFiNC, an imperial town of Ger* many, in the circle of Suabia, and duchy of Wirtemburg, featcd on the river Wills, 25 miles E. of Stutpard, and 25 N. W. o£ Ulm. Lm. 9. 35. E lat. 48. 14. N. * GrRA, a town of Germany, in th« circle of Upper Saxony, and in Mjfnix, with a handfome college; feated on the fiver Elfter. Lon. 13. 35. E lat. 51. ic,. N. Oer AW, a 'town of Germany, in HcfT* Darmftadt, 11 miles N. W. of Darmltadt. Lon. 8. 16 E. lat. 49. 56. N. * Geraw, a fmall di(\ii£l of Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, fo called from the town of Ge.a, which is 9 miles N, W. of DarmAadt, the capital. Ii is fobjeA to the prince of HefTe Darmftadt. Lon. 7, 15. E. I.!t. 49. 50. N. * Gerberov, a town of France, in Beauvoifis, with a handfome chapter- houfe. It was taken by the Engtirti in 1437, and retaken in 1449. It is ic miles fiom Ccau* vats, and 50 N. of Paris. Lon. i. 47. E. lat. 49 35. N. * Gkrhfs, orGiRBt, or Zirtt, an ifland of Afiica, in t'e kiP{;do:Ti of Ttjnis, on the coaft of Baib-ir>', in the Me i'eira- nean Sea. It bears no c-in but harUy ; tho' there are brgequan^itlvrs offigs, olives, and grapes, which, when dried, are railins, of which their principal trai^c confi f^s Ic depends on the bafhavv of Tripoli. Lon. i x. 30. E. lat. 34. 10 N. * Gbrbevillep 9, a town of Lorraln, 5 mi'es from Luneville, with the title cf a marquifatc, and a handfcme caf'tle j th« churcli of the Carmelites is very elegant, and is feated on the river Agne. Gergenti, a town of Italy, in Sicily, with a caftle, and a bifhop's fe«. It is feated in the valley of Mazara, near the ri- ver St. Blaife, 60 miles £. by S. of Maza-a, H h and n G E R Lon.13. 56. E. lat. ti and 50 S. of Palermo. 47. 2J. N. • CiRMAlNDt-BoUiGIUIL, 3 tOWn of France, in Anjou, with a rich Bcnedifltne abbey, and a caflle. It \i fcaied on » fniall river, near a fortft of the fame name. Lon. 6. 17. £. lat. 47. ao, N. GerMain-en-Layx, St. a handfome town in the iflc of France, with a nugnifi- cent palace, embellifljed by feveral kin^s, efpecially Lewis XIV. It is one of the moft beautiful feats in France, au well on account of the apartmen s and (gardens, as of the fine foreft that is near it. Here James II. ufually refided after he fled to France. It is fcated on the river Seine, lo miles N. W. of Paiis. Lon. a. 5. E. lat. 48. 5a. N. Germain, St. a town of Cornwal, with a fm-ill maike't on Ffidays, and 2 fairs, on JVLly a8, and Auguft 1, for horfes, oxen, iheep, and a few hops. It was once tlit: larKcfl town in the county, but is at pre- Cent a fmall place, though it fends 2 mem bers to parliament. It was formerly a bi Ihop's fee, and had a cathedral, and what is left of it is ufeJ as the paiifli church, and near it is t'.e priory, yet flanding. It Is 10 miles W. of Plymouth, and 231 W. by S. of London. It (\ands near tlic fea, and had formerly a goc;d filhery. • Gr.RMAiM Laval, St. a town of France, in Forez, feated in a tteritory fer tile In excellent wines ; 215 miles S. £, of Palis. Lon. 3. 57. E. lat. 45. 50. N. • Germano, St. a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in tlieTeira-di Lavoro j ftaied at the foot of mount Caf- fano, and belongs to an abbey on the top of that mount. Lon. 13. 53. E. lat. 41. 33N. Germany, a large country, lyipg in the middle of Europe, bounded on the E. by Hun^^ary and Poland, en the N. by the Baltick Sea and Denmark, on the W. by the TTethcrlands, France, and Swiirerland, and on ths o. by the Alps, Italy, and S^^ilVerland ; being about 640 miles in length, and 550 in bieadtii. The air is temf.eriiti; and wholefomc, but more inclina- Ihiv to cold thnn heat, efpecially by thefta- fide. The r<)il is very proper for ccn and ji."''*ures, and, in fome places, ef^Jt-cially along the Riiine, it producss large quanti- ties of wine, known by the name of Rhe- rtili, but a;i io the particular produtSions, they will be taken notice of where the cir- oles are defoiibt-.d. As to the difpofition of the people In general, tl ey are robuft, brave, ROi.d fuldiers, ttee, laborious, inured to la- bour, d'vXteicius in n)anuf and fruit- G E R ful in Inventions. The nobility in Cermaaf > i:> the purell in Europe, and they will fooner choofe the daugli'cr of a nobleman, with- out a fortune, than that of the richeft citi- zen. One reafon of this io, that there it no obtaining rich benefices, fuch at canoni- cates, abbeys, bifhopiicks, an(j archbilhop- ricks, without a full proof of their nobility* as thcfe arc alnio(\ fo many independent fo- vereignties. Germany it the moft fingu- lar country in the world, for it contains a great many princes, as well f>.cular as ec- clciial^ic, who are abfulute in their own dominions, and independent of each other* Here are a g^reat number of free towns, or cities, which are fo many little republics, governed by their own laws, and only united by a head, who is elective, and baa the title of emperor, who, properly fpeak- ing, has but little authority, except in the dominions belonging to him before he was chofen. Upon this account they generally- choofe one who has teriIrorii.s of his own, and \^ho is able to keep up his dignity. For this reafon the emperors have been fo" ofien cliofen out of the houfc of AuDiia. The ele^ion of ti.e emperor formerly wa» made by the German princes, as well e«- cltfiaflic as fccular } but, by tlie famous connitu:ion of the golden bull, ilie eleflort were reflrained to fcven} that is tliree ec- clefiaftics, which arc, the archbifhopt of Tieves, Cologne, and Meniz, and four fe- culars, namely, the king of Bohemia, the count palatine of the Rhine, the duke of Saxony, and the marquis ot Brandenburg. But in 164S they were obliged, by thp treaty of Munfter, to conftitute an eighth eledluiate, in favour ot the fon of Frederick V. cviint palatine of the Rhine, who had heen deprived of his dominions and titles in 1 61 2, and put to the ban of the empire becaufe he had been proclaimed king of Bo- hemia, and his title conferred on the duka of Bavaria. Laftly, in 1691, the emperor Leopold created another ekdorate in favour of Emefl of Brunfwick, duke of Hanover, whofe fon George became king of England in 1 7 14. Each elector bears the title of one of the principal offices of the empire ; the e'edor of Mcntz is high chancellor of Germany, and dircflor of the archives of the empire j tiiat of Treves, or Triers, has the title of chancellor of the Gauls ; and that of Cologne, that of Italy ; the duke of Bavaria is grand maAer of Bavaria, and car- ries the golden apple ^ the ele£lor of Sax- ony is grand efquire, and bears the fword } tliat of Brand(^nburg is grand chamberlain, and carries the fceptre ; the Palatine is ^.and treafuicr, &c» When the empire is vacant. rt G E R Vaeanf) or the emperor abrent, and there is no king of the Romani, ttie eletlors Pala- tine and of Saxony are viceroys, or regents of the empire, though the duke of Bavaria difputei the right of the former. When the emperor would be certain of a fuccefTor, he endeavours to prevail with the elcAors to choofe a king of the Romans, and then he will bscome emperor after the other's deatti. The emperor alTumes the title of always auguft, of Czfar, and of facred ma- jedy. Although he is chief of the empire, he does nor govern alone, but the fupremc authority rcftdcs in the general afTemblies, called diets, which he only has a right of appointing, and to which he fends commif- fioners to piefide in his room. Thefe af- femblies aie compofed of three bodief:, or colleges ; the firft of which is that of the tIeAors, the fecond that of the princes, and the third that of the imperial towns. The eleflors and princes fend their de- putieSk as well as the imperial towns. When that of the eledlors and that of the ptinces difagrce, that of the towns cannot decide the difference ; but they are ob'iged to give their confent when they are of the fame opinion. Thefe aHemblies have (he power of making peace or war, of fettling general impofitions, and of regulating all the important affairs ef the empire. iJut their deliberations have not the force of a law till the emperor gives his confent ; who ^Ifo gives the inveAiture of Aefs, and dif- pofes of thofe which have devolved to the empire for want of fuccefTors, or confifca- tions. The eleflors and other fovereigns of Germany have an abfulute authoiity in their own dominions, and they can levy taxes, raife troops, make and difToIve alli- ances, provided they do not prejudice the empire. They have power over life and death, and determine all civil caufes defi- nitively, unlefs in fome particular cafes, in which they may make an appeal. Thefe appeals are two courts, called the im- perial chamber, and the aulic council. The three principal religions are, the Ro- man Catholic, the Lutherans, andtheCal vinifls i the firfl prevails in the dominions df the emperor, in the ecclefiaftical elec- torates, and in that of Bavaria j the feconH chiefiy obtains in the circles of Upper and Lower Saxony, and in a great part of Weft, phalia, Franconia, Suabia, the Upper Rhine, and in moft of the imperial towns ; the third is profeflTed in the dominions of the landgrave of HefTe- Cartel, and of fome other princes. Vienna is looked upon as the capital city, and the emperors fince q^ariet^y. hsvc refidcd it)|re, tili the death G E R ©r Charles Vf, in 1740, and now the prt^ fent emperor refidestheie ajain. The prin* cipal rivets of Germany ate, the Danube, Rhine, E,be, Weftr, and the Oder. G'^r- many is dividtd into nine cir;les, which are as fo many lar^e provinces, each of which compichcnds fcveral other flatei, of I which the piince% the prelates, and ths jcounts, wirli itie deputies of the impetial 'towns, meet together about their common j affairs. Every circle has one or two direC' 'tors, and a colonel ; the diiedtors have a power of convocating the affcmbly of the Dates of their drcle, and the colonel corn* I mands the army. Each circle is obliged t6 fuinifh a certain number of horfe and foot, or a certain fum of money, called Roman I months, when the neceffity of public af- I fail s requires it, according to a tax im- jpofed by the regiAer of the Hates of th* j empire. 1 he nine circles are thofe of Au> ftria, Bavaiia, Suabia, Franconia, the Upper and Lower Rhine, Weftphalia, and the Up- per and Lower Saxony. The in>|>eM^l I Towns are now only 52, but were formerly 84. There are alfo Hattfiatic towns, which have fome allowance on account of trade { and there were formerly fome in France, Spain, and Italy, but now they are confined to Germany, and are but $ or 6 in num> ber } but we muft except Dantzick, which is in Poland. Befides the religions above» mentioned, there are fome independents, anabaptif^s, quakets, and ChriAians of every other denomination, befides a multi» tude of Jews in all their great towns. The language of Gei many is a dialedl of the Teu- tonic, which fuccee*!ed that called the Celtic. GiRMERSHEiM, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, and fubjedl to the ele^or Palatine. It is feared near the Rhine, 5 miles W. of Philipfburg, and S S. E. of Landau. Lon. 8. 27. £. lat. 49* 10 N. OtRTRUDiNnxR c, 30 ancient, hsrd- fome, and very ftrons town of the Nether* lands, in Dutch Biabanr, and one of the principal bulwatks of the Dutch. It was taken from the Spaniards in 1 573, and re* taken in 1589, but ptince Maurice became 'maf\er of it again in 1593, after a fiege of three months. It is feated on the rivtr Dungen, which falls into a lake called Bies bos, 10 miles N. of Breda, and 9 S. W, of Gdrcum. Lon. 4. 49. £. lat. 52. 44. N, Gerumekha, an ancient and fcrtified town of Portugal, in Alentejo, feated en a hill near the weftern bank of the tiver Gua« diana. It hag a ftiong caiAie, with 17 tow. ers, and in 1662 maintained a fiege for « month, befoilialiaj fcated on tlie river W«»yck, 8 miles from Lippc, and 10 from Partirb./rn. 0«JT«toiA, a p'Ovinco of S.vet1«n, bo m^lo'l on tue M. h/ Heliiniji.i, on ihe E. b\/ t!»e R ilp'i of Kotii(M3, on tho S. hy Up- land and on tha W. by Diltfcarlia. It prduces ju(t as mu';'i lorn ii« will mnin- tain (he inhabitants, Cevali is llw cujniai town. • G'.suL A, a province of Afiica, on ihc coaft of Barbaiy, and in the lrocco. 1'. ab iunds in barli^y jnd fhicp, and theru are fever al mines of iron and j Copp(!i J niofl part of ihs inliabitan's arc I braiicra and fniiti^s, and there is a fair kept every year, which laHs for two montls, w'cn a vad nuaiber of foieign inf-rchant!) come to boy their warts, and, as they fay, are maintained at tlie expence of the pro- vince. GiVAT. i,orGArir,a town of Sweden, and capital of O'^ftricia s near the gtilph of Bothnu, 4^5 miles N. W.of Upf.il, and 65 V. by W. of SiocltholiTi. Lon. 16. 15. E. lar. 60. 31. N. GevAVDAN, a territory of France, in Languedoc, bounded on the N. by Au- veigne, on the VV. by Rouerge, on the S. by the Cevennes, and on tlic E. by Vjva- rais and Velay. It is a mountainous, barren coyniry, and Mende is the capital town. Gevxr, orCoAB, St. a town of Ger- many, in the circle of the Upper Rli^ne, and territory of Rliinefelden, fubjeft to the prince of HeflTe-Rhinefield, I: is feated on the Rhvit, 15 miles S of Coblentz, Lon. 6. 16. E. lat, 50. 15. N. Gex, a town of France, and capital of a Seignory of tl)e fame name ; feared a' the foot of mount St. Claude, between mount Jura, the river Rdone, the lake of Geneva, and Swifferland j 10 miles N. W. of Gene- va. Lon. 6. 9. £. lat. 46. 20 N. • Gezir A, a townof Afia, in Diarbeck, feated in an iHand formed by the river Ti- gris, 70 miles N. W. of Mofu-I, and go- verned by a bey, Lon. 41'. 10. E. lat, 36. 30. N. GnrNT, a large and handfome city of the KetherUnds, and capiral of AuAnan Flan- ders, with a rtrohgcafilednd a bifhop's fse. It contains within the walls 36,000 hciufes, 7 parifh churches, and 55 monafleries and nunneries. There are fevcral filk and woollen manufaftures here, which are in a Aourifhing condition, and they have a great GIB trade in corn. The fortiAcalioni havcnd- tNmg extraordinary, but the citadel is very important, defended by ftrong rampartl* bailions, and deep ditches. T)>e town ia cut by feveral canals, which divide it into 16 'i{\c%, anri over the canals there ate 30O biidjcs. In the highell ftccple Is a ring of bells, the Rteatefl of which, called Row- land, wtighb 1 10 quintal)), each of which ia I OP pounds, 1( was ral^cn twice (luting tlic l,>l> vv.tr, ani tlit French became ma- nors of it by an aniflce m 170S, but tha dukcol M.iilbori ugh retook it in DeceiViber 1709, Thcie is a handfome lait^e cai.al, which vot« from G'ent to Bruges, and from thence to Oftend, called the new paf- f^Ro, and on which there aie fcveta! forte. ;t .1 i. The civil government is lodged in the bur« gomaAcr and fchiepins, like our mayor and alcletnicn. It is feated at the confluence of the nvrrj Schelde, Lis, Lieve, and Mooie, »2 miles S. W. of Antwerp, 27 W. of Mechlin, a6 N. W. of Bruffcls and 20S, E. of Middteburc; in Flandeis. Lon 4. o. E. lat. 51. 14. N. Ghilan, a confiderable province of Afi.i, in Ferfia, lying on the fide of the Ca'pian Sea, and to the S. W. of it. It ia fuppofed to b'j the Hyrcaniacf the ancients. It is very agreeably fituatcd, having the f«a on one fide, and high mountains on the other, and there is no entering in but through narrow pafTts, which may eafily be defended. The fides of the mountains are covered with many forts of fruit trees, and in the iiigheft parts of them there are deer, bears, wolves, leopards, and tygers 5 which lafl tl e Perfians have a fecrct of taming, and hunt with them, as we do with dogs. It ia one of the moH fruitful provinces of all Per- fia, and produces abundance of filk, oil, wine, rice, and tobacco, befides excellent fruits. The inhabitants are brave, and of a better complexion than the other Indiana, and the women are accounted extremely handfome. Reflit is the capital town. Gait AN, St. a town of the French Ne- therlands, in the province of Hainhalt, feated on tlie river Haina, 5 miles W, of Mons. Lon. 3. 45. E lat, 50. 30, N. * GiBRAtiON, a townof Spain, in An- dalufia, feated on the river Odiel, with s| handfome caflle, and the titlj of a marqui- fate. OiBRAtTAR, a Arong town of Spain, in Andalufia, near a rnoimtain of the fairi'e name, formerly called Caipe, and fuppofed (o be ond of Hercules's pillars, and which he looked upon to be the end of the world , Taritk, a general of the iCloors, built a for- tref& herfc, wbid^ he calkd Cibel-Tarick;^ . ■ that GTE Ihit U to fay, Mount-Tarick. Since that lime a town has been built at the foot of this rock, which it very well Tortifted ; it can only be approached by a very nairow pafrage between the mountain and the Tea, acrofg whii:h the Spaniards have drawn a line, and fortified it, to prevent the garrifon from having any communication with the country. It was formerly thought to be im- pregnable, but, in 1704, it was taken by the confederate fleet, commanded by fir Geor(;o Rook. The Fiencli and Spaniards attempted to retake it tite fame ear, and 4 or 500 of th:m crept up the rock whicli co- vers the town, in the night time, but were drove down headlong the nexc morning. In 1717 the Spaniards befieged it again, anc* they attempted to blow up the rock, which they found impracticable, and were at length obliged to raife the fiege. Thofe that have courage enough to climb to the top of the rock, w ill find a plain on the fum- mit, from whence they may have a profpeA of the fea on each flde the Hrait, and the kingdoms of Barbary, 1 ez, and Morocco, be- fides Seville, and Granada in Spain. The garnfon here are cooped up in a very nar- row compafs, and have no provifions but what are brought from Baibary and Eng- land. The ftrait here is 24 mi.es in length, and 1 5 in breadth, and there is always a ftrong current runs through it from the Ocean to the Mediterranean. It was ceded to England by the treaties of Utrecht and Seville. Ic is 25 miles N. of Ceuta, and 45 S. £. of Cadiz. Lan. 4. 15. W. lat. 36' o. N. Gf^EL, or Mount GiBEL. See Et* JtA. GiEN, a town of France, in GafTinois Orleannis, feated on the river Loire, 82 miles S. £. of Paris. Lon. %. 43. E. lat. 47. 4. N. • ijiiNCEN, a free imperial town of Germany, in Suahia, feated on the river Brentz, between Ulm and Norlingen. Lon. 10. 27. E. lat. 48. 38. N. *G]iNzoR, a town of Africa, in Bar- bary, and in the kingdom of Tripoli, from the chief city^of which it is 10 miles. GiERACE, an epifcopal town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Far- ther Calabria ; feated on a mountain, near the fea, 32 miles N. E. of Reggio, and 17 5. E. of Nicotera. Lon. 16. 43. E. lat 38. 15. N. GiBssxN, a ftrong town of Germany, in the landgraviate of Hefle-CatTel, with a ftrong caftle and an univerfity. It belongs to the houfe of Darmftadt, and is feated on the river Lohn, ippiUsJ S. Wi of Marpurg, GIN and 37 N ofFrancfort. Lon. 8. 51. B. fat. 50. 50. N. Or 01. 10, a fmall ifland of Italy, on tht coa(l of Tufcany with a ctftle. It make* part of the Aace of Sienna, and it 15 miles W. of Purto Hercole. Lon. 11. o. E. lat. 4». 24. N. *GiaNAC, a town of France, in Laii> guedoc, and in tliediocefe of Montpellier) feated near the river Eraud. Lon. 3. 40< E. lar. 43. 4^. N. * GiHON, a river of Afla, which by an- cient writers was miAaken for the river Oxus, and is univerfaily affirmed to fall into the Cafpian Sea. This indeed is true of tha real river Oxus, which runs between th« Cafpian Sea and the lake Aral ; but at for the • Gihon, it could have no fuch coil ,or there are now only two rivara that come from the eaAward, one called tha Sir, or Sihun, and the other the Amo, both which fall into the lake Aral, which fee. Gil AN. See Ghilan. * G I L L E .1, a town of France, in Lower Languedoc, with two larjte priories of MaU ra ; and with a chapter, whofe head has tha title of abbot. It is it miles W. of Aries, and 17 N. E. of Montpellier. Lon, 4. 33. E. lat. 4j. 40. N. GiLLBNGBN, a towTi of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and duchy of Wirtem« burg, feated on the rivar Neckar, 1 1 miles S. of Hailbron. Lon. 9. o. E. lat. 49. o. N. *GtLEiHtiL, a place in Hampfhire, near Winton, with one fair, on Sepiembar I a, for clieefe, leather, and horfes. * Gil LIN CHAM, a village in Doifet- fliire, 6 miles N. W. of Shaftfbury, with s fails, on Tiiniiy-Monday, and September l, for bullocks, horfes, and Iheep. GiLOLO, a large ifland of Afia, with ^ town of the fame name, in the Archipelago of the Moluccas. The Philippine iflands lie on theN. the ocean on the E. the iflands of Seram, Amboyna, and Banda on the S. and the Moluccas, and the iflands of Celebes, •n the W. It docs not produce any fine fpices, tho' it lies near the fpice iflands ; but it has a great deal of rice, and the inha- bitants are fierce and cruel. It it feated un- der the line. Lon. 127. 25. £. *GiMONT, a town of France, in Gsf* cony, and in Lomaene, with an abbey ; feated on the river Gircnde. Lon. i. 5. E. lat. 43. 40. N. G I NO EN, an imperial, free town "f Ce('» many, in Suabia, 19 miles N. of JLt. ir was near this place that the do';c o( M.id- borough joined prince Lewis of d 'i;r, aftii' his famous march from th« Neilicr^inds in I I7'4« G I S S7T4, Lon. 10. la. £. Ut. 4^. 41. N. * Gin GIRO, a kingdom of Africa, in Lower Ethiopia, towards the coaft ot Zan- guebar, and the hingdom of Melinda. Gin CI, a town of Afia, in the peninfula en this fide the Ganges, and on the coafl of Coromandel. It it a large town, well peo- pled, and ftrong both by art and nature, being feated on a mountain, whofe top is .divided into three points, on each of wliic)) is a caAle. The Great Mogul in 1690, be- gan a fiegewiich continued three years, "but to no purpofe. It is 35 miles W. of Pondi- ehery. Lon. 79. 55. E. lat. 11. 58. N. * GioDDAH, or Ge&da, a large fea port town, on the eaHern coaft of the Red Sea, in Arabia. It is looked upon as the port of Mecca, and carries on a great trade. Lon. 40. 25. E. lat. zz. c. N. Giovanni, Cap? ' • afortrefsofltaly, in the duchy of Pak.t 118 parifhes, 1 . ' .and G L A •Ad mztket towns. ]t had 25 caftlet and three monafleries ; but they are now moftly dtnioUlhed. It fends two members to pul\»nft)r, one for the county, and one for Cardiff. Tiie air is very fharp on the mountains, wliic!. are covered with fnow ; but very rriiid and temperate near the fea. The N. part i? full of fieep, high, barren Ihountains; b'^t the 6. is more plain, rich and fertile, AZi.-i feeds ahundance of cattle and (hecp } hence tlv-y fupply Briflol with many Arkins .Jt jrcod biitrer ; and it has likewife feveral coal-pits. The chief town is Cardiff. Glandives was formerly a town of France, in I'rovence, with a bilhop's fee ; but the inundations of the river War have deftroyed it, and there is nothin;; left but the biftiop's houfe. It is 25 miles N. W. «f Nice, and 47 S. E. of Embrun. Lon. 7. 3. E. lat. 43. 59. N. * Glandford- Bridges, a town of |.incoln(hire, with a good market on Thurf- days, but no fairs. It is feated on the river Ancam, 24 miles N. of Lincoln, and 153 N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 25. W, lat. 53- 43- N. Claris, the canton of, one of the 13 republics in -SwiHerland. It is bounded nn the E. by the Grifons ; on the S. by the fame and the canton of Uri,and thatofSwitz; and on the N. by the river Limath. It is a mountainous country ; and their chief trade is in cheefe. The governmenr is de- mocratic, and the fenate is compofed of 6z perfons ; over which the landaman and pro-conful prefide, who are never of the fame religion ; for the inhabitants are partly Papids and partly Froteftants. The capital town is of the fame name. * Claris, a large and handfome town nf Swiirerland, and capital of the canton of the fame name. Here the general aflem- blies ace held, and every perlon above 16 years old is obliged to aflid at it with a fword by his fide. The inhabitants are Pa- pifts and Proteftanfs, and live very peace- ably together, for thsy have both divine fervLce in the fame church one .-ifter an- other. It is feated on the river Linte, 25 miles E. of Switz, and 32 S. E. of Zuiich. Lon. 9 13. E. lat. 47. 6. N. Glasgow, a large city of Scotland, in the (hire of Clydefdale, with an univerfity, and a magnificent bridge. It is a populous place, and there is a large harbour in the river Clyde, on which it Itands, a little be- low it, called New GlafRow, or the New Town, where the largeft veffels m?y enter: for ti'is reafcn the inhabitants carry on a largo trade to foreign parti, The form of G L E this town IS nearly fquare, and !s diiri(?e4 into 4 almoft equal parts, by 4 large ftreets, which crofs each other in the middle. Near this is the town-houfey conflruAed of free> l\one, with a high tower and melodioitt chimes. It was formerly an archbiOio- prick ; and the cathedral church, which ia in the higheft part of the town, is an ol<^ handfome Gothic ftro<5lure. It is properly two churches, one above another, adorned with Aatcly pillars, and a very high Aeepie. Glafgow is extremely well feated in a fer- tile foil, and the houfes in general are very well built. The college is feparated from the town by a very high wall, and conHl^s of divers courts, each of which is furrounded with buildings. It is 10 miles S. W. of Dumbarton, and 35 W. of Edinburgh. Lon. 4. 10. W. lat. 55. 50. N. Glastonbury, a town of Somerfet- Ih'ire, with a market on Tisefdays, and i fair on September 8, for all forts of cattle* It is feated near t). Tor, and is noted for a famous abbey, fome magnificent ruins of which are flill remaining, but they are every day diminidied for the fake of the flones : however, rho curious ftruilure called the abbot's kitchen, is ftill pretty cn« tire, and is of a very unufual contrivance. It was pretended that the bodies of Jofeph of Arimathea, of king Arthur, and of kirvg Edward the Confelfor, were buried here. The place is at prsfent pretty .large and well- bailt, containing two pariHi chArches. Near adjoining, on a high Aecp hill, is plac'jd a tower, which commands an exten- five profpeft round about, and ferves as a landmark to feamen. It it 6 miles S W. of Wells, and lio W. by S. of London. Lon. 2. 46. W. lat. 15. 15. N. The laft abbot of this place was hanged en the top of the Tor, by order of king Henry VHI. for not acknowlrJging bis fupre- macy. Glatz, a handfome and ftrong town of Bohemia, and capital of a county of the fame name. It is feated on the river NeilTe, and has pretty good fortifications, with a ftrong eaflle built upon a mountain. When the Pfuffians became mafters of it, the An- (\rian8 had a flrong garrifon in it, which were taken prifoncs. The county was ceded to the kin^ of Pr'iflfia by the queen of I-Junerry in ;742, and is about 45 miJes in lenftth, and 25 in beadth It has mines of pic-coal, filver and iron, g"o ' quarries, plenty of catde, and fine fprinp^ of miner.il waters. The town is 40 n)iles from Bref- !aw, and 90 E. hy N. of Prague. Lon. 16. 5^. E. lat. 50 J 5. N. GttNco, a town of Scotland, in the fhtre G L O Ihire of Invetncfv, and in Lochaber. Soon after the Revolution all the inhabitants were maflfacred, except one child, who was the heir, by a party from the garrifon of ln> XArlochyi ^lEN'sHiBLP, a valley of Scotland, in Aofsihire, and in Kgitail, remarkable for a ikirmifli between the king's forces and the rebel Highlanders, with a few Spani(h tioops, in which the latter were defeat- ed. It was fought on the loih of June, 1719. • Gt«TCHER, mountains of SwiflTerland, 4n the canton of Berne, whiclt are covered V'ith ice that never melts } fometimes large pieces of it break off and fall down, with to horrible a noife, that one would think the mountain itfelf was broken in pieces. Travellers, obliged to pafs over thefe moun> tains, are fometimes fwallowed up in the clefts, where they perifh. Glocistsi, the capital city of Clou* cefterlhire, with two markets, on Wednef- days and Satuidays, and four fairs, on April 3, for large quantities of cheefc : on July 5, September x8, and November 28, for cat- tle and horfes. It is feated on the E. fide of the river Severn, where, by two feveral ftreams, it makes the ifle of J^lney. It is a large and well inhabited place, contain- ing II churches, of which 6 only are in ufe, . kcfides the cathedral of St. Peter, which is a handfome flrudure. It is remarkable for its large cloiAer, and whifpering gallery j is a city and county of itfelf, and governed by a mayor, is aldermen, and common- council, who are never fewer than 16, nor above 39, a town-clerk, and fword- bearer; the mayor is recorder of the city. The houfes amount to fome thoufands, and the ftreets are broad and paved. It contains 5 hofpitats and t free fchools, and was forti- fied with a wall, which king Charles II. after the ReAoration, ordered to be demo- lifhed. It fends two members to parlia- ment, and had the title of a duchy. The eminent perfons that were buried here were, Lucius the fit A ChriHian kin;, Robert duke of Normandy, eldeft fun of William the Con- queror, and the unfortunate Edward II. Great quantities of pins a,76o houfei, 162,560 inhabitants, at* paiifhes, and 37 market-towns. It fends only 8 membe'i to parliamc', 6 for three towns, and t for the county. The air is generally good, and the foil extremely fruit- ful. Cotfwoold hills are noted for feeding many flocks of (heep ; and the rich vale of Evedtam is remarkable for producing excel- lent wheat. The foreft of Dean lits weft- ward of the Severn, and was once full d oak-trees ; but the iron mines haveconfu- med the greater pa:t. The rivers of moft note are, the Ifis, the Chern, theCoIne, the Lethe, the Windru(h, the Evenlode, the Leden, the Avon, the Swiliate, the Caron, and the Stour. G LOG AW, a flrong and confidcrable town of Germany, in SiUlla, and capital of a duchy of the fame name. It is not very large, but is well fortified on the fide of Po- land. It has a handfome cafile, with .a tower, in which feveral counfellors wete condemned by duke John, in 1498, to pe^ rtfh with hunger. Befides the Papists, there are a large number of Proteftants and Jews. It was taken by affault, by the king of Piuffia, in 174T, and the gairifon made pri-. foncrs. After the peace, in 1741, the king of Pruffia fettled the fupreme court of-juf- tice here, it being, next to Bieflaw, the moft populous p'ace in Si!e(ia. It is feared on the river Oder, 50 miles N. E. of Breftaw, and 115 N. by ^ of Prague. Lion. 15. 13. £. lat. 51. 40. N. Glogaw THx Lass, a town of Siief^a, in the duchy of Opelen, now in poflTefTion of the king of Pruflia. It is two miles S. E. of Great Glogaw, and 45 N. W.of Bref- iaw. Lon. 16. i5.'E. lat. 51. 38. N. * Glogaw, the duchy of, in Silefia, comprehends many towns, and a great num- ber of villages. Glukstadt, a ftrong and conftderabfe town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and duchy of Holftein, with a Arong caftle, and fubjeA to Denmaik. It is feated on the river Elbe, near is mouth, 30 miles N. W. of Hamburg, and 55 N. of Bremen. Lon. 9. 15. £ lat. 51. 53. N. Gnesna, a large and ftrong town of Great Pohmd, of which it is capital, and in the palatinate of Califh, with an archbi- fliop's fee, whofe prefate i!> primate of Po- land, and viceroy during the vacancy of the throne. It was the Arft town built in t> mous f:nce the difcovery of the fources of that river. GoiTo, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Mantua, taken by the Germans in 1701, and by the prince of HefTe in 1706. It is feated on the river Mincio, between the lake of Mantua and that of Garda, 10 miles N. W. of Mantua. Lon. 11. o. E. lat. 45. 16. N. GoLCONDA, a kingdom of Afia, in the peninfula on this (i/'e :he Ganges. It is bounded on the N. by tliat of Orixa ; on the W. by that of Balagate; on the S. by Bifnagar ; and on the £. by the gulph of Bengal. It abounds in corn, rice, and cat- tie; but tlat which renders it moft re markable are tie diamond mines, they be- ing the nioft confi :erable in the world : . they a e ufuaily purchafed of the black merchant^, who buy parcels of ground to fearch for thefe precious ilones in. They fometimes fail in meeting with any, and in others they find immcnfc riches. They have alfo mines of fait, fine iron forfword blades, and curious callicoes and chintzes. It is fubjedt to tlie Gieal Mogul 9 and has a town of the fame name, feated at the foot of a mountain, being one of tlie largeft in the Ea(\ Indies. It is about 6 miles in cir- cumfeience, and was formerly the refidence of the k ngs, till it was conquered by the Gieat Mogul, i: is now much frequented by the European merchants, Lon. 79. to. G O L E. lat. 16. 30. N. GoLDBSRG, a town of Sileiia, in the duchy of Lignitz, 36 miles W. of Brcflaw, in pofTefTion of PiufTia. Lon. 17. 10. E. lat. 5]. 3. N. Gold Coast op Guiney, a country of Africa, lying along the fea fhore, and where the Europeans have feveral forts and fettlements. It reaches from the Gold ri> ver, 12 miles W. of AfTine, and ends at the village of Ponni, 7 or 8 miles £. of Acraw. It includes feveral diflriAs, in which thers are two or three towns or villages, lying on the fea (hore ; though, within land, it is faid they have large towns, which however no European has yet feen. Seven of thefe ditbiAs are dignified with the titles of kingdoms, though they do not contain but a fmall tradl of land ; for the whole Gold Coaft is not above 180 miles in length. The negro inhabitants are generally very rich, as they carry on a great trade with the Europeans for gold, and many of them are employed in fifhing, and cultivating their rice, which grows in incredible quan- tities s 'this they exchange with others for Indian corn, yams, potatoes, and palm'Oil. Moft of the inhabitants go naked ; and thofe that are bed clothed have only fome yards of fluff, wrapped about their middle. [For farther particulars, we refer to the names of the places and forts themfelves ; for here the Englifh, French, and Dutch have fettlements.] Golden-Island lies at the mouth of the river or gulph of Darien, in the province of Terra Firma, in S. America. Here the Scots attempted to make a fettlement in 1698 ; but finding it a barren fpot, the/ changed their minds, and took poffeiTion of the oppofite of fhore, in a place fo ftrong by nature, that the Spaniards could not have difpolTefTed them, had not the Englifh af- fifted. *.on. 8x. 37. W. lat. 9. o. N. Goldin'^en, a town of Poland, in the duchy of Co *rland, with a handfome ca- file ; feated on the river Wela, 60 miles W, of Mittau, and fubjefl to the king of Po- land. Lon. 22. 31. £. lat. 56. 4.?. N. * Goldsithnay, a village in Corn- wall, with one fair, on Auguft 6, for horfes, oxen, fheep, cloth, and a few hops. Goleita, an ifland of Africa, lying at the entrance of the bay of Tunis ; taken by the emperor Charles V. when he attempted the fieee of Tunis, and kept by the Chrif- tians feveral years. It is 25 miles N. of Tunis, and 375 E. of Algiers. Lon. 10. 50. E. lat. 37. 10. N. Golnaw, a town of Germany, in Far- tlier Pomerania, fubjedl to the king of Pruf- fia } G O N Ha; feated on the river Una, xo miles N. £. of Stetin, and it S. of Commin. Lon. 15. 19. E lat. 53. 44.. N. Gombroon, a confiderable fea port town of A(ia, in Perfia, and in th« pro- vince of Faifinan. It is called by the na- tives Bandar Abafli. and is feated on a bay, about 13 miles northward ottheeaft end of the ifland of KifiniQi, falHy called Queflimo in our maps, and 9 miles from the famous ifland of Ormus, where the Portuguefe had a fettlement. The beii houfes are built with bricks dried in the fun, and ftand clofe to each other, being flat at the top, with a fquare turret, having holes on each fiHe for the free partake of the air. Upon thefe roots, thofe that ftay in the town fleep every night in the fummer feafon. The common people have wretched huts, made with the boughs of palm-trees, and covered with leaves. The ftreets are very narrow and irres;ular ; and the better fort of people are clad in the Perfian mode ; but the poorer fort, both men and women, »;o quite naked, except a clout to cover what decency requires them to hide. The Eng lifh and Dutch have ;a£tories here, which is a great advantage to the trade of the plae. The foil is barren, but provifions brought from other countries are plenty enough. The weather is fo exceeding hot in June, July, and Augufl, that this place is ex tremely unhealthy j and therefore ti.e Eng- li(h faflory retire to Aifeen during thofe months. It is frequented by people of fe- veral nations, as well Europeans as others ; and the Banyans are fo numerous, that they bribe the governor not to permit any cows to be killed in the town. The profit arif ing to the £a(l India company from the fac- tory here is not fo conflderable as it was formerly. Lon. 57. 35. E. lat. 27. o. N. GoMER A, one of t!)e Canary Iflands, ly- ing between Ferro and TenerifF. It has one ^ood town of the fame name, with an excellent harbour, where the Spanilh fleets often take in rtfrefliments. They have corn and truits fuflicient to fuppoit the inhabi- tants J and onti fugar work, with great plenty of wine and Iruits. It is fubjeft to Spain, wha conquered it in 1445. ^<>^> 17. 10. W. lat. 28. o. N. * GoNDAR, a town of Africa, in AbyfTi- iJia, where the emperor of that country re- fides. It is about lo miles in citcumference ; but the houfes confift only of one ftory, and moft of them refembie a funnel with the nairo-v end upwards. They have no fliops ; but carry on their tiade in a large fquare, where they expofe their merchan- dife to fale, laid upon matt } and gold and G O R rock-falt, art the only mnney made ufe o^* ■ Each bar of fait is a foot in length, and theJT break off as much as they agree for in th® purchafe of fmall wares. There are abou^ 100 churches, and their patriarch depends on that of Alexandria. The priefts have a great power with the people, and fometimes abufe it grof^ly. The Mahometans, and the European ChriHiansare held equally in abhorrence, on a count of the intii^ues carried on by the Jefuits and mifTionaries a confidereble time aiso ; infcmuch, that all thofe who now attempt to enter .omania ; feated near the fea of Marmora, 37 miles N. E. of Galii- poll. Lnn. 37. 31 E. lat. 40. 53. N. * GcoDNEssTONE, a village in Kent, with a fair, on September 14, for cattle. GoR, a town of ^fia, in India, and ca- pital of a fmall kingdom of the fame name, which is part of the Great Mogul's domi- nions. It is near Grand Tibet, and 360 miles N. E. of Oely. Lon. 88. 25. E.laCa 31 M. N. GoRctJM, a town of the United Pro- vin^es, in S. Holland, which carries on a confiderablo trade in cheefe and butter. It lis is G O S {s feated on the rivers Linghe and Maefe, it miles E. of Dordrecht, and 32 S, of Amfler- dam. Lon- 4. 55. £. lat. 51. 49. N. Gordon-Castle, a fine palace of Scot- land, near Fochabers, in B»mffihire. It Aands on the river Spey, and is the feat of the duke of Goidun. GoRKK, a fmall ifland of Africa, near Cape de Verd, fubjeifl to the French. It is barren, but of great importance on ac- count of its good trade- 1: was taken by the lingliih in May 1759, and given up by the trta ; of peace in 1763. Lon. 12. 25. £. lat. 14. 30. N. GoRKE, a capital town of the ifland of the fame name, in Holland, 8 miles S. of Briel. Lon. 3. 50. E. lat. 51. 55. N. Gorgon A, a fmall ifland of Italy, in the fea of Tufcany, and near that of Corfica, about 8 miles in circumference j remai kable for the large quantity of anchovies taken nearit. Lon. 10. o. E. lat. 43. 2z. N. Gorgon A, a fmall ifland of the S. Sea, 12 miles W. of the coaft of Peru, in Ame- rica. It is indifferent high land, ve^y woody, and fome of the trets very tall and large, and proper for mafls. It is about 10 miles in circumference, and has feveral fprings and rivulets of excellent water. Ir vrould be a very proper place for adventurers to lie concealed in, if the cor.(\ant rains did not rot the rigging of the fliips. There are a great number cf monkeys, guiney-pigs, lions, lizards, and floths, remarkable for their uglinefs and flownefs of their motions, though by their (hape they fetm to be of the monkey kind. Lon. 79. ^ W. lat. 3. 30. S. GoRiTiA, or Goritz, a ftrong town of Germany, in the circle of Auflria, and duchy of Carniola, with a caflie j feated on the river Liaonzo, 20 miles N.E. of Aquilt'ia, and 70 N. E of Venice. Lon. 13. 43. E. lat. 46. 12.N. GoR LiTz, a town of Germany, in Up- per Lufatia, fubjedl to the eledlor of Sax- ony. It is a handfome rtrong place, and fea'ed on the river NeilTe, 50 miles E. of Drefdun, and 70 N. by E. of Prague. Lon. 15. I 5. E. lar, 5r. 10. N, ♦ GoRsvNON, a village of Glamorgan- ihire, in S. Wale.";, with one fair, on Mon- day before November 3c, for cattle, iheep, and hogs. * GoRZE, a town of France, in the ter- ritory of Mtffin, in Lonain, feated on a hill, 3 miles from the river Mtfclie. It has a very rich abb;;y> and is S miles S. W. of Cos LAR, a large and ancient town of Lower Saxony, and in the territory of firunf GOT wick } it it free and imperial, and it was here that gun-powder was fi'ilinvenieil, by a monk as is generally fuppofed. It is a lar^e place, but the buildings are in tl e an> cient taf\e. In 1718, 280 doufes, and St. Stephen's fine church, were reduced to aflies. It is feated on a mountain, near the river Gofe, and near it are rich mines of iron and lead. The inhabitants are famous for hrewin? excellent beer. It is 22 miles S. E. of Hildeflieim, and 25 S. of Btunf- wick. Lon. 3, 37. E. lat. 51. 55. N. * GospoRT, a town in Hampfliire, parted from Fortfmouth by a narrow arnn of the fea, and in fome fenfe may be reck- oned part of it } but has no market, but two fairs, on May 4, and Odober 10, for toys. GosTYNiN, orGosTAViN, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Rava, 4c miles N. ot Rava. Lon. 2c. 10. £. lat 52. 25. N. Got HA, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of Upper Saxony, and capital of a duchy of the fame name. It is 15 miles W. of Er- ford, and 15 S. E. of Mulhaufcn. Lon. 11. o. £ lat. 52. 25. N. • GoTHARi>, one of the highcft moun- tains of SwifTerland, and from the top, where there is an hofpital for monks, is one of the fintrt profpedts in the world. It is 8 miles fio.n Aldorf. Goth A, or Gothland, a confider- able part of Sweden, in Scandinavia, encom- paiTed on three fides by the Baltic Sea. It is divided into three parts, Oftrogothia, or E. Gothland, Weftrogothia, or W. Goth- land, and Smaland, or S. Gothland j to wliich fome add Hallan, BUking, and Scho- nen. Gothland, a confiderable ifland of the Baltic Sea, on the eaftern coaft of Sweden, on which it depends. Wifbyen is ihe only town in it. Lon. 19. 25. E. lat. 57. o. N. •Goths, an ancient people, formerly famous in Europe, whofe name fome geo- graphers think came from Gutes, a pare of Sweden, now Gothland ; but the moft ge- neral opinion is, that they were Gctes, a people of European Sarmatia, who inha- bited a country on the nortt.ern borders of the Biack Sea, as far as the river Nieper, and afterwards extended themfelves to the mouth f f tie Danube. After this they crofTed Bulgaria and Romania, ravaged Ma- cedonia, Greece, Dalmatia, and Italy, and pillaged Rome. They went and fettled in Langucdcc, undrr the name of Vifigoths, and af'erwards in Spain, where they eredled a kingdom, which continued for about 300 years, till it was overturned by the Moors. The Iti • "> • v. .i > and G O W The Oftrogoths likewife fourided a kingdom in Italy, which continued only 58 years, being deftroyed by Natfes, in 352. GoTTENBORG, a rich and Arong town of Sweden, in W. Gothland, with a good hatbour, at the mouth of the river Goihel- ba, which is the beft fuuated for foreign trade of any in Sweden, as it lies without the Sound. It is 10 miles S. of Bahus, and x88 S. W. of Stockclm. Lon. xi. 50. £. lat. 57. 44- N. GoTTiNGiN, a conflderable town of Germany in Lower Saxony, and ia the duchy of Brunfwick, formerly free and im- perial, but now fubjeft to the eleftor of Ha- nover, and where his late majefty, king George II. lately founded an univerfity. It is feated on the river Leine, 25 miles N. £. of CafTel, and 30, S. E. of GoQar. Lon. 10. 5. £. lat. 51. 32. N. GoTTORP, a town of Denmark, in the duchy of Slefwick, and capital of the duch; of Holftcin Gottorp, where the duke has a very fine palace. Lon. 9. o. E. lat. 54. 40. N. * G0TTSBER6, a town of Germany, in Sileiia, and in the duchy of Schweidnitz, remarkable for its fiiver mines. GouoA, or TuRGow, a considerable town of the United Provinces, in S. Hol- land, remarkable for its Aately church, li is feated on the river IHTel, 8 miles N. £. from Rotterdam, and 12 from Leyden. Lon. 4. 37. E. lar. 52. 2. N. GovDHuasr, a town in Kent, with a market on Wedncfdays, and one fair, on Augufl z6, for catrle. It is 12 miles S. W. from MaidAone, and 49 E. by $. of London, Lon. o. 25. £. lat. 51. 8. N. GovERNOLo, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Mantua ; taken by the Imperial- ifts in 1702, and by the French in 1703. It is feated on the river Mincio, near the Po, 12 miles S. £. of Mantua, and iz N. W. of Mirandola. Lon. 10, 55. £. lat. 37. 10. N. * Go UR A, or G 17 R A, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Mazovia, belonging to tne biiliou of Pofnania who has filled it full of monks. Lon. 21. 50. £. lat. 52. I. N. * GouRDON, a town of France, in Querci, near the confines of Perigord, 15 miles Nr of Cahors. Lon> i. 31. £. lat 45. 53. N. * GouRNEv, a town of France, in Nor- mandy, remaikable for its market of fine butter. It is feated on the river Ept, 52 miles N. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 33. £. lat. 49. 21;. N. * CowxK, St, or St, Goai, a town G R A of Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, and in the territories of the houfe of HefTe Rhienrtrls, Dy the tre.)ty oi UrechC tl'.e Landgiave of HefTc Caflfcl was yui in poircffion of this town and calllc It it ftaied on the river Rhine, 15 miiesS. E.of Coblentz, and ^^7 N. £. of Treves. Lon. 8» 4, £. lat. 50. z. N. * Gozzi, or GozES, a fmall idard of the Mediterranean Sea, to the S. of the W. part of the iile of Candy, j a miles from fort Selino. * Gozzo, an idand of Africa, on the coaft of Barbary, 5 miles N. W. o> the iHand of Malta, beiongmg 10 the knighis of that ifland, who have put it in a good ftate of defence. Grabow, a town of Germany, in the circle ol Lower Saxony, and duchy of Meck- lenburg,2G miles S. of Schwerin. Lon. ix. 36. E. lat. 53. 32. N. Gradiska, a Hrong town of Hungary, in Sclavonia, on the frontiers of Croatia, taken by the Tuiks in 1691. It is feated on the river Save, 20 miles S. W. of Pofega. Lon. 17. 55. E. lat. 45. 38. N. * Gradiska, a ftionn town of Italy, in the county of Geritz, feated on the river Lifonzo, on the frontiers of Friuli. It be- longs to the houfe of Auftria, and is 15 miles S. E, of Udino. Lon. 1 3. 37. £. lat. 46 6. N. Graoo, a ftrongtown of Italy, in a fmall iHand of the fame name, on the coaft of Fiiuli, and territory of Venice, 10 miles S. of Aquileia, and 55 E. by N, of Venice. Lon. 13. 35 E, lat. 45. 52. N. Grafton, a village of Northampton- (hire, in the road between Stony Strattord and Northampton, where thete is a manor- houfe and a park, given by king Charles If. to the duke of Grafton, from whence the ti'.le is derived. *GRAi8iVAUDAN,a territory of France, in Dauphiny, well peopled, and Grenoble is the capital. It is alfo called the terri;ory of Grenoble. Gram MONT, a town of Auftrian Flan- ders, feated on the river Dender, 18 miles N. £. of Tournay, and 17 S. £. of Ghent. Lon. 3. 56 E. lat 50. 46. N. * Grammont, a townof France, in the Marche of Limoufine, remarkable for its ab- bey, which is the chief of the order. It is 15 miles N. E. of Limoge. Lon. i. 33. £. lat. 45. 56. N. Gram pou n d, a town :n Corn val, with a market on Saturdays, and thee fa rs, on J;4nuary iS, March 25. and Juiie 11, for horfes, cattle, cloth, and a lew hops. It is feated on the river Valle, anJ fends two a mem* G R A members to parliament. The inhabitants have a conHderahle manufiiAure of gloves. It is 46 miles S. W. of Launcefton, and 344 W. by S. of London. Lon. 5. 25. W. lat. 50. 10. N. Gkan, a handfome, large, and Arong town of Lower Hungary, with an archbi- Alop's fee. It has been feveral times taken and re-taken, but la() of all the Lnn^ial- ids drove away the Turks from it, in 1683. It is feaied on the river Danube, xo miles S. £. of Comoren, and 87 E. by S. of Vten- na. Lon. 19. o. £. lat. 48. o. N. Granada, a confiderahle province of Spain, with the title of a kingdom j bound- ed on the N. and W. by Andalufta, on the E. by the kingdom of Murcta, and on the S. by the Mediterranean Sea. It is about 175 miles in length, and 75 in breadth ; is a mountainous country^ and yet the foil %ooA ; bur it has not been well cultivated fince the Moors were driven away. How> ever, it produces corn, wine, oil, fugar, flax, hemp, excellent fruits, honey, wax, grapes, and mulbeiry trees, which feed a great number of filk-worms. The foreDs produce gall-nuts, palm-trees, and oaks. The province was taken from the Moors in I49Z, and Granada is the capital town. * Granada, a large, handfjme, and delightful city of Spain, capital of the king- dom of Granada, with an archbifhup's fee, and an univerfity. It is built on 4 hills, and divided into 4 parts, in one of which is the large church, containing the tombs of Ferdinand and Ifabella, who took this place from the Moors in 1492. In another is the palace of the kings of Spain, and an ancient palace of the Moorifh kings, with fo many rooms tbat it is like a labyrinth ; in the third the univerfity (lands ; the fourth has nothing confiderable; but all the public buildings are very magnificenr. It is feaied not far from the river Ore, near the piace where it falls into the Xenil, 125 miles S.W. of Murcia, and 225 S, of Madrid. Lon, 2. /.g. W. lat. 56 56. N. Grakada, an ifland of America, and the mot fouiherly of the Caribbees, being 25 milei in length, and 5 in breadth. It is very fert.le, and has belonged to the French fince 1650 ; but was ceded to England by the treaty of peace in 1763. Granada, a town of America, in the province of Nicaragua, and in the audience of Guatimala, feated on the lake Nicara- gua, 70 miles from the S. Sea. it was taken twice by the French buccaneers, and pillaged. I'he inhabitants carry on a great trade by means of the lake, which commu- G R A nicates with the N. Sea. Lon. 85. 10. W. lat. II. 8. N. Granada, New, a province of South America, in Terra Firma, about 75 miiei in length, and as much in breadth. It is bounded on the N. by Carthagena and St. Maitha, on the E. by VenezueU, on the S. by Popayan, and on the W by Darien. It contains mines of gold, copper, and iron } horfes, mules, good paflures, corn, and fruits. It belongs to the Spaniards, and Santa-Fe de-6agota is the capital own. Granadilloes, the name of fome idands of the Carihbees, in America, having St. Vincent to the N. and Granada to the S. They are fo inconsiderable that they are quite neglefled ; but were ceded to £ng< land by the treaty of peace in 1763. Grande. See Rio Gr ande. Gr and-pr e,atown of France, inCham* paign, and in the diocefe of Rheims, feated on the river Ayre, among meadows, 30 miles E. of Rhcims. Lon. 4. 50. £. lat. 49. 18. N. * Granic, orGsANicus, a fmall ri- ver of Natolia, in Afia, which has its fourcc in Mount Ida, near the ruins of ancient Tioy. It falls into the Tea of Marmora, to the E. of Lampafco. It was near this river that Alexander the Great obtained the fiift vic- tory over the Perfians, in which it is faid they loft 100,000 men. • Gr ANSON, a town of Swiflerland, in the county of Vaud, and capital of a bai- liwick of the fame name, with a lafHe. There was a battle gained liere by the Swifs over the duke of Burgundy in 1476. Lon. 6. 35. E. lat. 44. 48. N. Grant, the ancient name of the river Cam, which runs by the univerfity of Cam- bridge. Grant, t^e name of a clan in the north- highlands of Scotland. Grantham, a town of Lincolnfhire, with a market on Saturdays, and 5 fairs ; on the fifth Monday in Lent, for horned cattle, horfes, and flieep 5 on Holy Thurf- day, for flieep and horfes 5 on July 10, Oc- tober 26, and December 17, for horned cat- tle and horfes. It is feated in a' bottom on the liver Witham and is a noted place, with a good free-fchool, and a handfome chui^h, famous for its high fpire, which feems to lean on one fide. It is a coipo- ration, fends 1 members to parliament, and has the title of an earldom; is 21 miles N. by W. of S.amford, and 104 N. by W. from London. Lon. o. 40. W. lat. 52. 50. N. Granville, afea-port town of France* in Lower Normandy, partly feated on a rock. G R A rock, and partly on a plain. It gives title to Englifh earl, and is 15 miles S. by E. of Coutances, and 185 W. of Faii^. Lon. 1, 3». W. lat. 48. 58. N. • Grasii, a town of Fnncr, in Pro- vence, with a bifhop's fee ; feated on an eminence, 15 miles W, of Nice, and 70 N. E. of Aix. Lon. 10. 1. E. lat. 43. 39. N. *GRASsi,a town of France, in Langue- doc, and in the diocefe of Carcalfone, feated on the river Orbieu, at the foot of the mountains of Corbiere, near a B«nedid)ine abbey. * Crassincton, a village in Yoik- (hire, with four fairs ; on March 4, for horned cattle ; April 24, and June 29, for fheep ; and September z6, for horned cattle. Grate, ahandfome ftrongtown of Ger- many, and capital of Stiria, with a cadle, feated on a rock, and an univerfity. The Ji^fuits have a college; and there are a great number of handfome palaces and a fine ar- fenal. The caftle ftands on a very lofty hill, and communicates with the river, by means of a very deep well. The emprefs- dowager was ob)iv;ed to retire hither during the war of 1741 and 1742. It is feated on the river Muer, 45 miles N. W. of Wara- din, and 85 S. W. of Vienna. Lon. 16. 25. £. lat. 47. 4. N. Graudentz, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Culm, wi:h a handfome caf- tie J feated on the river WcifTel, or Viftula, 35 miles N. of Thorn, and 8* N. W. of Warfaw. Lon. 19. 27. £. lat. 53. 20. N. Grave, a very ftrong town of the Ne- therlands, in Dutch Brabant ; feated on the river Maefe, beyond which there is a for', 8 miles S. of Nimeguen, and 65 N. £. of BruflTels. Lon. ;. 41. E. lat. 51. 46. N. Gravelinrs, a very ftrong feaport town of the Netherlands, in French Flan- ders, with a caftle and a harbour. It was ceded to France, by the treaty of the Pyre- nees, and is feated in a marfhy country, on the river Aa, near the fea, 12 miles E. of Calais, and 75 W. of Ghent. Lon. 2. 13 E. lat so- 59. N.- Gravenac, a town of Germany,in the circle of Suabia, and capital of a county of the fame name, 30 miles W. of Ulm. Lon. 8. 15. E. lat. 48. 22. N. Gravbsend, a town of Kent, with 2 markets on Wednefdays and Saturdays, and « fairs, on April 23, and November 25, for horfes and all other goods, cloaths, and toys. It is feated on the banks of the Thames, and is a place of great refort, be- ing the common landing-place for feamen G R E and flranf^eri in their pafTages to London. It is well ftocked with houfes of entertain- ment i and hat a block-houfe ov«ra^ain(l Tilbury fort. A gre.il part of it was bwrnc down with the church in 1727, which has been fince rebuilt as one of the 50 new churches, and ilie houfes are much hand- fomer than-beforr. It is commonly called the corporation of Gravefend and Milton, thefetwo places being united under the zo- vernment of a mayor, 12 . Idermen, 24 ccmmon-council, a town-clerk, &c. This parifh, with that of Milton, confifts of about 700 hoifcs, moMy fmall, and built with bricks ; thr Areets are alfo narrow, but paved with tiints. The chief employ- ment of the labouring people is f|jinnmg oi hemp, to make nets for filhing and ropes. It is alfo famous for gardening, the bell af- paragus being produced here of any in the kingdom. Gravina, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Terra-dl- Bari, with a bifhop's fee, and the title of a duchy. It is 25 miles E. of Girenza, and 3* S. W. of Bari. * Gray, a town of France, in the FrancheComte, and capital of the bailiwick of Amont. It is a trading-place, and feated on the river Same, 20 miles N. of Dole, and 2 5 N. E. of Dijon. Lon. 5. 41. E. lat. 47. 30. N. * Gr A YS, a town of EfTex, with a mar- ket on Thurfdays, and i fair, on May 23, for cattle and hardware. It is feated on the fide of the Thames, 19 miles E. of London. Lon. o. 16. £. lat. 51. 28. N. * Great Chart, a village in Kent, with I fair, on March 25, for horfes, cattle, and pedlars ware. * Great Thurlow, a village in Suf- folk, with I fair, on Odlober 10, for fheep and toys. Greece, a country of Turky, called by them at prefent Romelia. It is bounded on the N. by Bulgaria, Servia, andj Dalmatia, on the W. by the gulph of Venice, on the S. by the Mi'diterranean, and on the £. by the Archipelago, the fea of Marmora, the Black Sea, the Straits of the Dardancle, and of Conflantinople. It comprehends 6 parts, namely, Macedonia, Albania, Livadia, the Morea, ths ifland of Candia, and the ifles of the Archiptlago. It erjoys a tem» perate air, is healthy, and has a fruitful foil. It was greatly celebrated by ancient hiftorians, and produced a vaft number of famous men, who performed very great ac- tions as foldiers, as well as others, who were eminent for their parts and learning : Pacticulftfly, Alexander t!)e G.eat and Ho- mtr, ill ! G R E G R I >who were natives of thi« country. | Park. The king's yachts generally Ileal (1)18 place. GitNOBLE, a handfome, large, popu- lous, 4pd ancient town of France, in Dau< phiny, with a hifhop's fee. It contains a great number of handfrme AruAuics, parti- cularly tiic cliuches and convents. The ca- thedial church la a fine ar^cient building in the Gothic taftej and St. Andrew's church is adorned with a cu'ious fpire, and a tomb of tx.ellent woikmanfliip. The leather and gloves rhit are made here are highly citctimed. It is featcd on the river Ifere, over which there a'c two bridgts to pafs into lliat part called Pcireire, a large Areet on the fide of the river. It is 27 miles S. oi Chambcrry, and los W. by N. of Turin* Lon. $. 49 E. lat. 45 is. N. * GarsroRO, a villaKCof Denbighfliire, in N. Wales, 2 miles N. of Wrexham, with 3 fairs, on the fecond Monday in April, the lad Monday in Augufl, and the Arft Mon- day in December, for cattle. * Gkiffenhaken, a town in Gcr« many, in PrufTian Pomeraria, and in tlie duchy of Stein, feated on the river Oder* Lon. 20. 10. E. lat. 53. 17. N. * Grig NAN, a town of France, in Pro- vence, on the confines of Dauphiny. Lon* 5.0, E. lat. 44. 25. N. * GaiMAun, a town of France, in Pror vence, near the Mediterranean Sea, and the gulph of Grimaud. Lon. 6. 41. £. lat. 43. 50. N. Grimbergkn, a town of the Auflrian Netherlands, in Brabant, feated on a rivulet about a mile from the canal which goes from Bruflels to Antwerp, with an abbey, a caftle, and the title of a principality. It is 5 miles N. of Bruflels. Lon. 4. 15. £. lat. 50. 55. N. * Grimm, a town of Germany, in the electorate of Saxony, and in Mifnia, feated on the river Muldaw, over which there is » bridge. It is 10 miles S. E. of Leipfick, and defended by a citadel* Lon. 13. o. E. lat. 51. 15.N. * Grimmen, a town of Germany, in Pomerania, and in the duchy of Batdt, j miles S. of Stralfund. Lon. 13. 37. £. lat.- 54. 18. N. * GRiMNiTz,apa1ace and hunting; houfe of Germany, in tl « middle Marche of Bian- denburg, remarkable for a treaty of peace concluded here in 1529, between the houfes of Brandenburg and Pomerania, Gr IMF ERG, a town ot Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, and eleAorate of Treves or Triers, with a bifliop's fee, 17 miles S. £. of Triers, Lon. 6. 39- £. lat. 49.40. N-. V '^.^■^"•.,^_ ,--. • Grim- mer, But it now groans under the tyranny of the Turks, and is hut the Oia'low of wli.it it was lormeily, hein^ over run with Igno- rance and h4< banfm, and almod all the hne towns quite deilruyed It is inhabited both by Mahometans and Chridians. * Gk ECN, a village in Su/fex, 8 miles S. W. of HorOiam, with two fairs, on Aut;ufl 3 2, for horned cattl* and (heep; on Mon. day before July 5, for flieep and horned cattle. • Gr lEN-STREBT, 3 village in Kent, with I fa'i' on May i, for horned cattle. Gr kknland, a large country in the N. between the Straits of Davis, Forbifher, and Iceland How far it may extend N. is un certain ; and thofe few inhabitants that are in it ate favages, and much like the Efki- meaux. It is a cold iniferable country, and has very few animals except deers, white bears, foxes, and a few wild fowls. Here the Englifh, Dutch, and other na'ions go every year to catcli whales for the fake of their fins and oil. It was fo called becaufe thofe that difcovered it fii d, found the fhores covered with green mofs. There has been attempts made to fettle in ir ; but the men always perifhed with the feverity of the cold. A few Tailors having been left here accidentaly, all underwent the fame fate. Some divide it into E, and W. Greenl.ind, making the firfl belong to Europe, and the other to America ; but this is a foolifh di- Aindlion, becaufe we are not fure that it joins to the continent of either. In the maps it is generally diAinguifhed by the Dutch name of Greenland. Some would have them to be two places, but very im properly ; for the befl maps have no fuch diAindlion j however, there are fome who would have Spitzbergen to be Green- land. Greenock, a fea-port town of Scot- land, in the county of Renfrew, near the mouth of the river Clyde, and is the prin- cipal Aation of the herring flfhery on that fide the ifland. It is i6 miles W. of Glaf- gow. Lon. 2. 15. W. lat. 5^. 54. N. Gresnwich, a town in Kent, 5 miles £. of London, noted for its magnificent hof- pital for decayed feamen, its delightful park, and its aAronomical obferva'ory. The. hofpital is thought to be the fineA ftru£ture of this kind in the world ; and its noble hall is finely painted by Sir James Thornhill. It was formerly noted for its palace, where Queen Elizabeth was born ; but that was pulled down, and what is fo called now ferves for apartments for the go- vernor of the hofpital, and the langcr of the O R O ** G> I MS B Y, a rea>port town of Linaoln- /hire, with 1 markcK on Wednefdays and Saturdays, and a lairs, on June 17, for Ateep; and on Septenriber 15, for horfes. It is a large place, which had formerly a ca- Ale, and 1 pari(h charchts, with a commo- dious harbour, which is now almoO choaked up. It has now only one church, which is a large handfome flruflure like a cathedral. It confifts of feveral ftreets, whoi'e houfes are well built ; is a corporation, fends a members to parliament } is 35 miles N. E. by E. of Lincoln, and 15S N. of London. Lon. o. 4. E. lat. 53. 34. N. * Gr INC LEY, a village in Nottingham- ihire, 4miles W. of Gainfborough, with one fair, on December 12, f >r cattle and mtr- ehandize, and particularly for a great num- ber of boots and fliocs. Grinsteao, East. SeeEASTGaiN- 3T BAD. * GaiNSTONy a village in theN. Riding ■of Yorkftiire, 8 miles W, of Ri. hmond, wiih 2 fairs, on Good Friday, and December ai, for cbth, pewter, brafs, tin, and millinery goods. GnirswALn, a flrong and confiderable town of Germany, in Pomerania, formerly impsrial, but now fubjedl to the\ Swedes, with a good harbour, and an univerfity. k is feated near the fea, 15 miles S, £. of Stralfund, and $5 K. W. of Stctin. Lon. '7- 53* ^ l^t* 54' It* ^• Grisons, a people of Italy, inhabiting the mountains of the Alps, and in alliance vvith SwifTerland. They are divided into three parts, called the Leagues ; their whole country is about 87 miles in length, very po- pulous, and the government democratic. Each community has its own laws, and is a Itind of fovereignty. The public affairs are determined by diets, which meet once a- year. With reg^rd to religion, they are partly Papirts and paitly Proteftants. They are giy, bold, brave, hau^hty.'and jealous of their liberty. They ftill poflefs the Valle- line, and the counties of Borneo and Chie- venna It is faid they can fend 35,000 men into the field, who are the militia of the country. It is bounded on the S. by the du- chy of Milan and tlie territories of the Ve- netians ; by Tirol on the E. and partly on the N. and by Sw,'ifl"ci land partly on the N. and on the W. * Grodec, the name of four towns in Polanrt, the firft cf which is in Red RuOia, li'efecond in ihe palatinaie of Podolia, the thit(J on the left bank of the Ncirtcr, and the fourth in Jthe palatin.-ite of Kicff. CRODNb,'"a'cbnftderable tov\n cf Poland, in Lithuania, and pa!atina;e of Troki, re- G R O markable for a royal palacv, th« dtet SelJ here every three years, and a ftrong citadel* It ii feated partly in a plain, on the river Niemen, and partly on a mountain, 75 milet S W of Troki, and 115 N. E, of Wai^faw. Lon. sf. 15. E. lat. 53. 18. N. OROKNDAtB, a town of the Auftrian Netherlands, in Brabant, feated at the head of the river Ifche, 6 miles S. E. of BrulTeli. Lon. 4. a;. E. lat. jo 45. N. Groenlano. r>ee Greenland, Croi. L, a town of the Netherlands, !i1f Gc.lJcrland, and county of Zutphen. Th« French took it in 1672, and demolifhed tha fortifications. It is feated on the river Slinky i5milesS. £ of Zutphen. Lon. 6. 30. E. lat. s>' 7' N. * GRONiNGEN,a rich, populous, band- fome, and fl'ong town of the Netheilandr, capital of a lordfhip of the fame name» which is one of the United Provinces, with a citadel and a famnu^ univerflty. h it feated on (he rivers Hunes and Aa, 10 miler fiom the fea, and 85 N. E. of AmAerdam. Lon. 6. t; E. lat. ^3.i3.N. Groningen, one of the feven United Provinces, bounded on the E. by E. Frief- land, on the W. by W. Friefland, on the N. by the German Ocean, and on the S. by OveryfTel and the county of Benthem. It i9 divided into two pans, of which the towa of Groningen and its diftriA is one, and the Ommelands form the other. Thefe two bodies affembled by their deputies, with the Hates of the province, make the fovereignty. Its government is not unlike (hat of ancient Ronte. The excellency of this country con- fiAs in paftures, vrhich feed a great number of large horfes, lit for the coach. * Grooimbkidgx, a village in Kent, with two fair.i, on May 17 and September X5, for cattle and pedlars v^are. * Gross A, an ifland of Dalmatia, in the gulph of Venice, near the coaft of the county of Zara. it is about 50 miles in circumfer- encc, and bilon^s to the Venetians. Grossetto, a town of Italy. inTufca- ny, with a Arong cal\le and a bifliop's fee ; feated near the fea, 10 miles S. W. of Si- enna. Lcfn. II. 15. E. lat. 42. 50. N. GrotskavV, a firon^ tow not Germany, capital of a ptovince of (he fame name, in Silefia ; pleafantly feied in a fertile plain, 10 miles S. W. of Bties;e, and 3 > N. E. of Glatz. Lon. 17. 3 tj, £. lat. <;o. 42. N. Grot SKA w,'»town of Turky in Europe, and in the province of Servia, remarkable for a battle fought neai it between the Ger- mans and To'ks in 1739, in which the Ger- mans were ohhy^ed to tcireat. Lon. 11. o« E. lat 45. o. N. K k GaoYMt, G U A Ckoyni. SeeCoRVWNA: GauBCNHAOBN, « towR and caftlc of Cermany, in Lower Saxony, and the chief placeof a principality of the lame nanK, be longing to the houfe of Hanover. In ihe mountains near it there are mines of filver, iron, copper, and lead. Thefe mountains are covered with treei, which are fome re- maini of the Hircanian foreft. It it 4* milci S. W. of Brunfwick, and 43 S. of Hanover. Lon. 10. I. E. lat. (i. 54. N. GRucxrictD, a town of Germany, in Lower Carinthia, feated on tlie river Save, )with a handfome caAIe. Lon. 1 5. 45. E. lat. 46. 7. N. "GavNBCRC, a town of Germany, in Silefia, and in the palatinate of Glogaw. Lon. so. 5. E, lat. 5a. 3. N. *GRUNDi,a town of Germany,inLower Saxony, and in the duchy of Brunfwick, feated among the mountains of Hartz. Lon. 13. 35. E. lat. 5a. 10. N. *Grvnincbn, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and principa* lity of Halberftadt, feated on the river Felke. Lon. II. 41. E. lat. 5a. 4. N. *Grvningkn, a town of SwIfTerland, in the canton of Zurich, very pieafantly feated, with a caOle, where the bailiff refides. Lon. 8. 58. E. lat. 47. 10. N. * Grvnspicld, a town of Germany, in Franconia, feated on a river that falls into the Tauber. It belongs to the landgravate of Luchtenburg. * Grunstadt, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, feated in a fertile country, Lon. 8. 15. B. lat. 49. 31. N. * Grvyirei, a town of SwiiTerland, in the canton of Fribur?, with a handfome ca- file, where the bailiff refidcs It is famous for cheefe, and is 15 miles S. W, of Fri- burg. Lon. 7. »3. E. lat. 46. 35. N. * Guacocinco, a town of N. America, in New Spain, 30 miles S, E. of Mexico. Lon. 100. 25. W. lat. 19. 40. N. Guadalajara, or Guapalaxara, a town of Spain, in New CiHile, and di- AriA of Alcala, feated on the river He- rares, 15 miles from Alcala, and 30 N. £. of Madrid, Lon. 2. 45. W. lat. 40. 36. N. Guadalajara, a confiderable town of N. America, and capital of a rich and fer- tile province of the fame name, with a bi- fliop's fee ; 217 mites W. of Mexico. Lon. 115. 49. W. lat. 20. 10. N. * GuADALAViAR, » rivcf of Spain, which Tifes on the confines of Arragon and New Caftile, and running by Turvel in Arragon, crofTes the kingdom of Valencia; G U A I palTes by the town of th« fame name, and foon after falls into the Meditetranean Sea, a little below Valencia. GuADALoupE,a handfome town inS'pain, in EAramadura, with a celebratred convent, whofe Arudlure is magnificent, and it im- menfely rich. It is feated on a rivulet of the fame name. Lon. 3. 50. £. lat. 39. 15. N. OvADAL0VPK,an ifland of America, an>I one of the Caribbees, between the iflands of St. Domingo, Marigalant, Defiada, and Montferrat, and is in the form of a half- moon. The middle of it Is in about 16. 30. of N. latitude, and It is divided into two parts by a narrow Arait, called Riviere Sale, or the Salt River, and at this place the land on each flde is not above four miles broad, and by this Arait the fea on the N, W. communicates with that on the S. E, The N. W. part is 60 miles in length, 34 in breadth, and 148. in circumference. This iii divided into Baffeterre and CabeAerrr, which laA fignifies the Head of the Land, and is fo called becaufe it lies open to the trade-wind, whereas Baffeterre is under the wind. The eaAern part is named Grande Terre, but for what reafon is hard to fay, for it does not contain more land than the former, though the fhape is much more ir- regular. The French began to fend colo- nies to this ifland in 1632, and fmce that time they have been continually improving and fortifying it, and yet it was taken by theEnglifhin 17;9, who found it extremely pleafant and fertile ; but it was reAoted tO' the French by the treaty of peace in 1763. It is generally faid to be the bcA of all the Caribbee iflands, the foil being exceeding fOod, and every where well watered near the fea, by rivulets which fall frotfi the mountains, efpecially in CabeAerre. If the true cinnamon-tree is found here, as fome believe, it will Aill render this ifland mote valuable: they call it heie baAard-cinna- mon. The batk is brown, chapped, and thick; and it has the true fmeli of cinna- msn, mixed with that of cloves. The tafte is very Arong and acute, feerning to be a compound of pepper, cloves, and cinna- mon : but it mu(i be obferved, that the perfon who taAed it did not know that what we call cinnamon is the fecond bark. The moA remarkable curiofity in Guada- loupe is the burning mountain, called by the French la Soufriere ; it is feated in the S. 'part of CabeAerre; and that called the Pi- ton, or Pike, which is elevated above the reA of the mountains, is 24 yards high, and' 160 in circumference. It conHAs of a neap of large white calcined Aones, *titree, and that which yields balfam of Capivi. Some aflirm there are no ferpents here. Go ADALQ.UIVER, ons of the mod fa- mous rivers of Spain, which rifes in Anda- lufia, near the confinea of Granada, and running quite threugh Andalufia, by the towns of Uaiza, Andaxar, Cordova, Seville, and St. Lucar, it falls foon after into the gulph of Cadiz, GuADARAMA, 3 towH of Spain, in Old Cadile, rcma:kable for its great trade in cheeft;. It is fcated on the river Guadaram, 2 5 miles N. W. of Madrid, and 1 5 S. of Se- govia.' Lon. 2. 3. W. lar. 41. 43. N. * GuADXL, a town of Afta, in Perfia, and in the province of Mekran, with a pretty good harbour. Lon. 62. 55. E.lat. »5. o N. GuADiANA, a river of Spain, having its fource in New Cadile, and pafling crofs the hi);h mountains, it falls down to the lakes called Ojos of Guadiana, from whence it luns to CaUtrava, Medelin, Meiida, and Cadajoz in EOramadura of Spain, and, af- ter having run for fome time in Aientejo of Portugal, it pafTes on to feparate the king- dom of Algarve from Andalufia, and falls into the bay or gulph of Cadiz, between Cadro Marino and Agramonte. GuADii. BAjiBAR,a Urge river of Afri- ca, which iire« in Biledulgerid, from whence it runs to Borgio and Uefcaro in the diflriA of Zeb ; then it enters the kingdom of Tu- nij, palfes by MaOi, and divides into two branchci), one of which falls into the fea at Forto Faiina, under the name of Magrada, and the other having viiued Beja, falls into the fea near Barga, under the name of Gua- dalquivir. GoADix, a town of Spain, intheking- dom of Granada, with a bifhop's fee. It was taken from the Moors in 1*53, who afterwards retook it ; but the Spaniards got pofleffion of it again in 1489. It is feated in a fertile country, 30 miles N. E. of Gra- nada, and 15 S. W. of Baza. Loo. a. it. W.lat. 37. 5, N, G U A ' *GvACiDA,a ftrong town of Africa, in the kingdom of Ttemefen, where the mulea are faid to be the Aneft in all Africa. It is feated on a pleafant plain, on the river Aref< gol, 35 miles from Tremefen. *GuALATA, a kingdom of Africa, in Negroland, bounded on the N. by Der- vechcs, on the S. by the river Senegal, en the E. by a chain of mountains, and on tKe W, by the river of St. Anthony and by the Ludages. The inhabitants are Negroes, and are faid to receive Grangers with great hut- pit:!!ity { and the country feems to be the fame now known by the name of the Grand Jolloif*. They have much the fame incli- nations as the people that live in the de- farts, and are fond of mares-milk and horfe- Ae(h. What religion they have is Maho- metanifm. * GuALDO, a town of I ily, in the ec« clefianical Aate, and in the Marfhe of An- cona, towards the confines of the duchy of Spoleto, and that of Urbino, i miles N. W. of Nocera ; in 17 s > it was almod de» (troyed by an earthquake. Lon. 11. 53. E. lat. 43. 6.N. GuALEOR, a large and (Irong town of Afia, in Indolian, and capital of a province of the fame name, with a Arong fort, 50 miles S. of Agra. Lon. 69. 25. £. lat. Z5. 4S-N. Guam, the firft and chiefeft of the La- drone Iflands, in the S. Sea, being about 100 miles in circumference, it depends upon (he Spaniards, who have a garrifon here, but the inhabitants are almoft all natives of the country, and reputed to be very (kilful in building of boats. The ifland abounds with excellent fruits, and the air is whote- fome, notwithAanding which the natives are fubjeA toakind of leprofy. Lon. 139. 35. E. lat. 13. 25. N. Guamanca, a confiderable town of S. America, capital of a province of the fame name in Peru, and in the audience of Lima, with a bifhop's fee. It is remarkable for its fweetineats, for its manufaAures, and for mines of gold, filver, loadAones, and particularly quickfiiver. It is zoo miles E. of Lima. Lon. 70. 55. W. lat. 13. o. S. GuANAHAM, or St. Salvador E, nowr called Car>ifland,oneof the Bahama Iflands, difcovered by ChriAophetColumbusin 1492. the fame day that the fliip's-crew dtfigned to have murdered him, when they defpaired of fuccefs. Lon. 75. 5. W, lat. from 24. 10. to 24. 40. N. Gu ANuco, a rich and pleafant town of S. America, and capital of a diArlA of the fame nnme, in the audience of Lima. Ic K k s abounds '• i n G U A abounds in all the nece(rari«4 of life, hap » great number of natives, and is lis miles jK. £« of Lima. Lon. 72. 55. W. lat. 9 ss.s. • GUANZATXLCA, S tOWD Of S. APtlC- xica, in Peru, ?nd in the audience of Lima, ^t is rich, and ; rica, in New Spain, and in the Audience of the fame name ; bouncied on the W. by So- conjufco, on the N. by Verapaz and Hon- duras, on the £. by Nicaragua, and on the S. by the S. Sea. St. Jago de Gi^atimala ig the capital of the whole audience. GuATiMALA, a large and rich town of N. America, in New Spain, and capital of a government of the fame name, with a bi- (hop's fee, and an univerfity. It carries OQ a great trade, efpecially in chocolate. Lon; 91. 30. W. lat. 14. o. N. *GuAtimala, the Volcano of, is a mountain, which throws out fire and fmoke. St. Jago de Guarimala was almoH ruined b> it in 1 54 1. It has fmce been rebuilt at a good diflance from this dreadful moun« tain. •Guaxaca, a province of N. America, in New Spain, which is very fertile in wheat, Indian corn, cochineal, and cafTia. It is bounded by the gulph of Mexico on the N, and by the S. Sea on the S. It contains mines of gold, fiiver, and cryftal. Guaxaca is the capital town. Guaxaca, a town of N. America, in the audience of Mexico, and capital of a province of the fame naine, with a bifliop's fee. It is without walls, and does not con- tain above zooo inhabitants ; but it is rich, and they make very fine fweet-meats and chocolate. It has feveral rich convents, both for men and women. Lon. 100. o. W. lat. 17- 45- N. G u A V R .A , a dirti i£V of the province of La Plata, in S- Ameiica, having Biafii on the E. and Paraguay on the VV. Gu^EN, a handfome town of Germany, in Lower L'jfatia, feated on the river NieflV, and belongs to the houfe of Sajc- Merfen- burg. It is 25 miles S. of Franckfort upon the Oder, and 6i N. E. of Diefdep. Lon. 14. r J. E- lat. 51. 55. N. * GuBER, a kingdom of Africa, in Ne- gtoland. It lies almofb 300 miles eaft- ward of Gogo j and betvveen them is a va(t defarf, witlou' water. Guber is furrounded with high mountains ; and the villages, which are many, are inhabited by people who nre en. ployed in taking care of their cattle and fheep. There are alfo abun- dance of artificers, and linen -weavers, who fend their commodities to Tombuto. The whole country is overflowed every year by the inundations of the Niger, and at that time the inhabitants fow their rice. 1 here is one tov;p, which contains almoft 6000 families merchants. } amon^ wl.om are many •% GUI i;ood harbour, Lon. i, 23, W. lat. 41. s6. N • GuETA, an ancient town of Spain, In New Caftile, 15 miles N, W. ofCuenza, and 70 E. of Madrid. Lon. 1. 59. W. Ut. 40, 10 N. Guiana, a large country of S. America, between the rivers of Oioonoko, and ot the Amazons, and to the E. of Ptru. The in- ward pans ol »!ie counny a;e inhabited by favagcs, who have difF'-rent langua^ei^ and cufloms ; and feme of them make their houfeson trees, (jiobably to be fecure from the inundations of t'le rvers The Fiench pofTefs a part of the coaft, whi^h is called Equinoctial France, and the Dutch another. Here is a ptpetUcil fpring, and it pr duces large quantities of fugar- canes. One paitis inhabited bv Caribbe-js, who were lormerly reported to be men -eaters j but this is fovnd to be falfe The Englifh and French fettled here, trade in cotton, filk, fugar, tobacco, Brafil woot', aloes, natural balfam, oian^/es, and citrons maHe into fweetmtats, or other- wife. It is divided into two large countries, called Caribiana, and P'^op^.r Guiana. Th« former lies chiefly up )n tliefta coaft It is between the equat j' and 8 degrees of N. latitude, GutAQ.uit, a town, bay, and harbour of S. America, in Peru, and capital oJ an audience of the fame name. Ir ftands fac- ing a low ifland cicfe by the river, par'ly on the fide, and pirtly at the foot of a hill, whrch defcends i?tntly towatds the river. It is divided into ;wo parts by the ftream, called the Old and the New, anrf j ined together by abridge, for foot -pafTingers, half a mile in lengrh. The fituatiun is in fuch a boggy ground, iind fo i ty in winter, that, with- otit the bridge, there would be fcarce any pafTing from one houfe to another. It con- fil^s of about 500 houfes. and has bur one regular ftreet, along the river fide. Before GoERNSEV, or Garn8t:y, an ifland on t^e church of ■■t Jago is a very handfome thecoaf) of Normandy, in the Englifh Chan- 1 parade, hut the chur h itfelt is gone to de- ncl, and fubjeft to Great Britain. It is na- cay. There are three other churches, well turally Arong, being furrounded with high adorned with altais, carved work, and pic- It is 17 miles E. of Tuna, and 140 G U E * GoBTO, or EoGVBio, a town of Ita- ]y, in the territory of the Church, and in the «)uchy of Urbino, with a bifliop's fee. It f( 35 miles S. of Urbino, and 88 N. of Rome. Lon. 12. 41. E. lat. 43. 18. N. GviLDiitLAND, a territory of the Ne- therlands, with the title of a duchy. It includes the upper quarter of Gueldres, and is the firft of the United Provinces. It comprehends the three counties of Nime- guer, Zutphen, and Arnheim. The up- per quarter of Gueldres comprehends the quarter of Raremond, whic'. is poflefTed by three fovereigns. Gueldres belongs to the king of Pruflfia; Ruremond and its depen- dencies to the houfe of Auftria ; and Venloe and Stephenfwaert belong to the States- Ge- neral. Gueldres, a ftrong town of the Ne- therlands, in the duchy of the fame name. It was ceded to the king of PrulTia by the peace of Utrecht, and is fsated among the marHies, i o miles N. E. of Venloe. Lon. 6. 21. £. lat. 51. 30. N GuENGA, a great river of Afia, in the peninfula on this fiHe the Ganges. It rifes in tlie mountains of Balagate, and running N. E. falls into the weft branch of the river Ganges in Bengal * GuERAND, a town of France, in Rrit- tany, and in t e county of Nantz. It car- ries on a confiderable trade in whice-falt, and is about 3 miles from the fea, and 250 W. of Paris. Lon. 2. S2. W. lat. 47. 2® N. * GuERCHE, a town of France, in Tou raine, with a caf\le. It is feated on the ri- ver Creufe, 10 miles S. E. of Haye Lon. o. 57. E. lat. 46. 48. N. GuERET, a town of France, in t'e Up per Marche, and in the province of Lyon- nois, feated on the river Gartampej 35 miles N. E, of Limoges, and 170 S. of Paris. Lon. I. 56. E. lat. 46. lo. N. rocks, and is wtll fituated for trade in time of pe,ice ; likcwife, in time of war, it lies well lo ann( y the French with their priva tcers. It is about 10 miles in length, as much in breadth, and contains 10 parifhes. The natives fpeak French, it having been a part of Normandy, and it ftill governed by Norman laws. * GuESTMNC, a village in SufHfX, with one fair, on May 23, for cattle and pedlars ware. * GuKTAiiiA, a town of Spain, in the 'u'es. N E.of P.yta. Lon, 76. 55. W. lat. 2.0. S. GufARA, a fea port town of S, Ameri- ca, and on the aracca coart. The Englifh attempied to take it twice j that is, in 1739, and in 17-I-;? ; but tliey were lepuifeH both times. Lon 66. 5. VV. lat. 10. 35. N. Gui »NNE, thelargcit province of France, bounded on the N. by S.iirtongc, Angomois, and Liniofin, on the E. hy Limofin. Au- verijre, and Languedoc; on the S. by the 'I province of Guipufcoa, with a caAIe ind Pyrenees, Lower Navane, and Beam j and • on G U I •n the W. by the Ocean. It is about 125 miles in length, and 100 in breadth. It is 4livided into the Upper and Lower. The Upper comprehends Querci, Rouergue, Ar- magnac, the territory of Comminges, and the county of Bigorre. The Lower con- tains Bourdelois, Perigord, Agenois, Condo- mois, Bazadois, the Lander, Proper Gafco- ny, and the diftrifl of Labour. The princi- pal rivers are, the Garonne, the Adour, the Tarn, the Aveirou, and the i^ot. Bourdeaux is the capital town. Guilford, a town in Surry, with a market on Saturdays, and two fairs, viz, on May 4, and November zz, for horfes, cattle, ca, at Senegal ; gr?in, upon the Grain Coaft J elephants>teeth, upon the Tooth Coaft ; the greateft plenty of gold, upon the Gold Coaft J and all, in general, furnifh flaves, more or lefs : indeed, fome of all thefe commodities are to be had in all parts of it. The Englifh, Dutch, French, Danes, and other nations, have factories upon this coafl ; and purchafe flaves, and other com- modities, for the benefit of their employers. The inhabitants of the coafl generally buy, fteal, or take captive, men and women from the inland parts, to fell for flaves ; yet in many places, they make no fcruple of fell- ing one another : and even the 'tings them- felves, if their wives difpleafe them, will fell them to the Europeans. There are abun- dance of little ftates, whofe heads or chiefs, the failors have dignified with the name of kings ; however, there are very few who deferve that title. When they are at war with each other, as they often are, the peo- ple taken, on both fides, are fold for flaves i and it is not uncommon for the nearcft of kin to fell each other, when they have power fo to do. Though they come on board the fhips naked, they feldom fail of ftealing fomething or other, tho' never fo well watched, they are fuch dexterous thieves. Sonr.e make Guiney to extend from Cape Blanco, in io degrees of N. latitude, to Angola in 10 degrees of S. while others in- elude Guiney within the bounds of the coafl above-mentioned ; but this is a diftinAion of very little confequence. The French pre- tend, that fome failors from Dieppe firfl dif- covcred this country in 1 364 s-but this feems to be a fable ; however, it is certain that the Portu'^uefe found it out in the beginning of the 15th century, and began to trade here. * (juinev, Nev/, is a country to the S, of Afia, very imperfeftly difcovered hither- to ; nor is it certain, whether it be an ifland or a continent. Thofe that have vifited the coaft affirm, that there is a great proba* bility of carrying on a good trade with the natives, who are ail black. But none have UiougliC th fti c I N f^^. G U R thought It worth their while to make any \ Aich^ attempt hitherto. • Gu INC AMP, a town of France, in Bretagne, and in the duchy of Penthievre, «53 miles W. of Paris. Lon. x. 56. W. lat. 48. 34. N. • Goi'PWa-cort, a fmall province in the N. part of Spain, bonnded on the £. by Bafques ; on the N. by the ocean ; on the W. by Bifcay, on the S. by Navarre. It abounds in mod things except wheat. Tolofais the capital town. GoisE, a fmall town of France, inPicar- dy, and in Thierache, with a very ftrong caftle, and the iitle of a duchy ; feated on the river Oufe, 15 miles N. £. of St.Quintin. and 95 N. by E. of Paris. Lon. 3. 42. £. lat. 49. 54. N. • GUNDELFTNGEN, » tOWn Of Gcr- iT^any, in Suabia, with a handfome cadle ; feated on the tiver Danube, 15 miles from Ulm, and 8 N.of Burgaw. Lon. 10. 31. £. lat. 48. 36. N. • GuNDKLSHiiM, a town of Germany, in Suabia, and in Graichow, feated on the river Neckar, :, ith a caftle on an eminence. GoNFLEET, one of the channels through which (hips enter the mouth of the river Thames. GuNTSBERG, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and in the margravate of Burgaw j fea'.ed on the E. fide of the Da- nube, 20 miles N. E. of Uim. Lon. 10. 15. E. lat. 48. 35. N. • GuNTZENHAOSEN, a town of Gcr- tnany, in Franconia, 5 miles from WeiJem- burg } feated on the river Altmul, near a foreft, and belongs to the Margrave of Anf- pach. GuR TEL, a province of Afia, in Minerelia, bounded on the E. by Mount Caucafus ; on the N. by Imeietta ; on the W. by the Black Sea J and on the S. by Turky. The inhabi- tants are a fort of Ctuiftians, but very igno- rant, and pay little or no regard to religious G Y U CusTROw, a confiderable town of Ger- many, in Flower Saxony, and in the duchy of Mechlinburg, with a magnificent c»Me, or palace, where tlie dukes refide. Their religion is according to the confefTion of Augfburg. It is 12 miles S. W. of Rof- tock, and 35 N. E. of Schwerin. Lon. is* 43. E. lat. 53. 57. N. GuTSKow, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and capi'al of a county of the fame name, belonging to Sweden; f«ated on the river Peene, 10 miles S. W. of WoIgat7, and 50 E. by N, of Guf- trow. Lon. 13. 57. E. lat. 54. 4. N. GuTTA, a town of Hungary, feated ort the E. fide of the Danube, oppofite to the ifland of Schut, 25 miles E. of Preiuurg* Lon. 18. o. E. lat. 48. 10. N. GozuRAT, a province of Afia, in Indc- Aan, and in the dominions of the Great Mo« gul. It is made an ifland by the river Indus, or Sindy ; and tlie inhabitants are ftill Gen' tnos, or Pagans, driving their old trade of thieving, or pirating ; for they plunder all that come within their power, both by fe* and land. The Gieat Mogul would cer- tainly retrain them, if their country wa» paflable for an army ; but there are many low grounds, marihes, and lakes, which there is no pafling over but by boats. How- ever, there is fome trade in cotton, corn, and coarfe cloth, and in th«" fhells of a fiftj, in the fliape of a perri'vincle, and of the cir- cumference of a man's arm. Thefe being fawed into rings, the women ufe them for ornaments, and wear them on their arms. The next fea-port town is called Baet, whofe inhabitants are nothing but a ne(l of pirates and robbers. Mangeroul admits of trade for courfe cailicoes, wheat, butter, pu!fe, pepper, fugar, and betel-nuts. It is inhabi- ted by Banyans, who never eat any flefh ; and the wild-deer and antelopes are fo fa- miliar, that they come into the houfes* Dieu, the next harbour, has been taken no- precepts , for they are great thieves, trea-i tice of in its proper place. cherous, cruel, drunkards, and fhamelefs. Th-7 marry their nearefl relations, without any icruple; and if the hufband catches a ga'lant with his wife, the latter is quit by giving the former a pig, which they all three eat very lovingly together. Their princi- pal trtde confiits in flaves ; and t'ley often fell one another to the Turks, efpecialty the females, who are very handfome. GuRif, a town of Germany, in Carin- thia, with a bifhop's life : feated on the ri- ver Gutk, 25 miles N. of Clagenfurt, and 55. E.ofSaltzburg. Lon. 14. 15, £. lat. 47. JO, -'.!■■ GwT H R I N, a village of Derbighfliire, in N. Wales, witii one fair, on May 6, for cattle. GvFKORN, a town of Germanv, in the circle of Lower Snxony, and in the duchy of Lunenburg ; feated on tV e rivers A !ler 3 ml Ifa, 25 miles N. of Brunfwick, and 45 N. E. of Hanover. Lon. 10. 49. E. lat. 52. 36. »T J ' . Gvot./*, a town of Hungary, formerly fortified ; hut, being taken by the Turks in 1566, the fortilicatiors were demolifhed, ,% H. .'./•i I J HAD •*.. H. HA AG, or Hag, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Bavaiia, feated upon a hill, on the W fide of the river Inn, and is capital of a county. It is 32 mileb N. £. of Mutiich. Lon. is. z^- E. lat. 48. 16. N. * Hab/ R, an ancient town of Afia, in Perfia, lying on the road from Sultania to Com in Irac-'Agemi. Lon. 49. 25. E. lat. 36. 12. N. Ha BAT, a province of Afia, in Barbary, and in the king:iom of Fez. I iii furrounded by the Miditer'anean, the Straits of GibraU tar, ar.d the Atlaniick Ocean. The prmci- pal towns are Arzilla, Tetu-tn, and Ceuta, which lafl is in pofleiTion of the Spaniards. Habsburq, or Hafsburg, an ancient caftle of Swiflerlard, in the canton of Bern. It is the place where the an«:itnt counts of Hapfburg refided, and is feated near the lake of Lucern, and to the £. of the town of tiiat name. Lon. 8. 10. E. lat. 47. zz. N. H AC H A , a fea- port town of S. America, in Terra Firma, feated at the mouth of a river of the fame name. It produces the Jruits proper to thofe parts, a great deal of fait, fome goUl, and precious ilones ; and here the Spanifh galleons touch at their are rival in S. America, ft om whence exprefles are fent to all the fettlements to give them notice of it. Lon. 72. o. W. lat. 11. 30. N. * Ha 2 AC, afmal! territory ofTranfil- vania, on the confines of Walachia, with tl e tide of a county. Hadamar, a town of Germany, in the circle of the i.cwer Rhine, and in Weteia- via, with a handfome caftle ; feated near the river Elfs, 2t miles N. W. of Mentz, and 15 E. of C in Europe, in Romania, now called Co.' flagnazzar. Haerlem. See HAkLEM.- "^ Haesbr«uk, a fmall town of Flan- ders, 5 miles from GafTel, and 5 from Air. Lon. 2, 37. E. lat. 50. 43. N. *■ Haciar, a town of Afia, in Arabia,- and in the province of Hagias, 87 miles N. of Medina. Lon. 40. 1 5. E. lat. 25, 40. ft, Hagias, a province of Afia, in Arabia, bounded on the W. by the Red Sea, on' 'the N. by Arabia Petra^a, and on theE. by Theama. Hague, or Graven Hague, a town' of the United Provinces, in Holland, which geographers pretend is but a village, and yet it may compare witH the handfomefV towns or cities in Euiope, with regard to its extent, the number and beauty of its palaces, its MAI Usflfeets, its agreeable walks, atid its great trade, efpecinlly in bouki. The gieateft part of the houfes have the appearance of pa- laces, and there are at UzA 400c (jardens. It is feated 4 miies from the Tea, and there. is a pavement acrofs the Downs, wiib trees on each fide, which leads to Scheveling, dear the fea-fide. The ancient countis of Holland refided here, and tho' it be 500 years ago> the wood work of the palnce is yet found. The Aadtholder, or governor of the country, generally refides here ; and it is the place wheie the flates of the United Provinces aHcirrtble, and t-ere the foreign mini/lers are admitted to au "icnce. As the Areets are very broad and lone, it is a plea- fant flght to behold fo many coaches and equipages belonging to the foreign ambafTa dors, AQ handfome liverieF^ driving along them. Here alfo the fuprenie courts of juf- tice are held, which, together with the par- ticularities above-mentioned, render it fo po puloui, and fo much frequented hy foreign- ers, that it is a great wonder that they have but two churches to perform divine fervice in. It is 3 miles N.W. of Delft. 8S. W.of Leyden, 10 N. W. of Rotterdam, and 30 S, W. of Amfterdam. Lon. 4. 10. £. lat. 52. 4. N. * Hacuenau, a town belonging to the French, in Germany, capital of a bailiwick of the fame name, and was formerly impe- rial. It was feveral times taken and retaken in the late wars, and is /eated on ihe liver Motter, which divides it into two parts, near a foreft of the fame name, it miles N. of Straiburg, and 25 ; E. of Paris. Lon. 7. 53. E. lat 48. 49. N. Ha IK, a market town of Scotland, in the fliire of Peebles, feated on the river Tiviot. Hailbron, a handfome, {^rong, and free imperial town of Germany, in Suabia, and in the duchy of Wirtemburg. The inhabi- tants, who are ProteAants, derive a great advantage from the batis near it, and from whence the town has its name, as it figni- fies the fountain of health. Itisadvantage- oufly feated on ths Neckar, over wliich there is a ftone bridge, in a pleafant fruitful coun-* try, produdive of wine, 45 miles N. E. of Stutgaid, and 70 N. E. of Scralburg. Lon. 10. 15. E. lat. 49. ic. N. * HAiMBURG,an ancient town of Ger- many, in Lower Auflria, feated on the river Danube, 10 miles W. of Prefburg, and a 5 E. of Vienna. Lon. 17. 35. E. lat. 48. 10. N. * Ha IN, a town of Germnny in Upper Saxony, and in the circle of Mifnia, with a manufa<^ure of cloth. U is feattd on the river RheJar, xc mjl« N, E, of Mfciff«n, and HAL ' 7» K. W. of Dfefden. Lon. 13. 43. E. hit. 51. 2C N. I Ha I MAN, a confidirable ifland of Afia^ belonging to China, to the U. of the gulpti of Cochin China, and to the S. of the pro- vinceof Canton, froiti which it is la milct diHant. Ic is about 400 miiei» in oircumfer- I ence, and the foil of the northern part level { j but the fouthern and eaflern are very moun* j tainous, am >ng which fome of the valleys pr6du;.e two crops of rice every year. Th« inhabitants are mol\ly a wild fort of people, and great cowards, for 50 Chinefe will put 1000 of kheoi to flieiht. Ir^ '•neral they are I a (hort and deformed peopit>. . nd the colour j Of their Ikins reddifli. Tt-ty are only j cloathed from thewaift downvxat-d.ardad* I difled to painting their faces like other fa- j vages There are mines of gold and lapis lazuli, whic!) Ia(\ is earned to Canton, to I p3int the porcelain with. Ii piorluces the j f>ime f.uits as China, befvles fuj^ar, tobaccoj j cotton, and indii;o. Am< ng the animais* ' is agre^t black ape, with ♦eatures lefeinbling j thofc i>f he tiuman faoe j but they are very j fcarce. Tde common fort of apes are grey» j and very ugly. Some of che inhabitants of the fea coafl havefubmitteJ to He Ciiinefet Hainault, a province ot ;he Nether- lands \ bounded on the N. by Brabant, on the W. by f landers and Ai tois, on the S. by Cambp,li«; t^icardy, and Champagne, and on the E. by p.irt of the territory of Liege andl the county of Namur. It is divided into Auflrian Hainaulr, whofe capital is Mons} and Frenc ■ Hainault, whofe capiral is Valen- ciennes. It is a cold country, and fubje£t to rains, on account of it!> being rtear the fo- reA of Afdenne. HAiNauRC, a town of Germany, In the circle and archduchy of Au<)ritory of Germany, in Lower Saxony, furrounded towards the E. by the principality of Anhalt and ihe duchy of J^agdeburg, and towards the W. by the du- chy of Brunfwick and the bifhopricic of Hil- defheim. Haiberttadt is the capital town. • Halghestok, a village in Suffolk, with one fair on November it, for boots, ftioes, upholfterers, and jo nets work. • Haldenst EiN, a (tec and indepen- d.int barony of SwifTaland, with a hand- tome citadel, Halkn, afmalltown of the Netherlands, in Audrian Brabant, feated on the river Geer, 25 miles VV. of Maeftricht. Lon. 4. 5. E. lat. 57. 5, N. • flALEsOwEN, a town in Shropfhlre, but included in Worcefterftiire, 6 miles E. of Stourbiidge. There is no market ; bat it has two fairs, on Eafter-Monday, for pleafure ; and on June 12, for horfes, cat- tle, and (heep. Haleswobth, a town in Suffolk, With a market on Tuefciays, and two fairs, on Whit-Taefday, and Odlober 18, for cattle, both which laft three weeks. It is feared . en a neck of land, between two branches of the river Blith, is a well frequented thriv- ins; place, and has a trade in linen --.rn and fa 1 cloth. It has one large f.';:rch, and about 600 pretty good houfes ; but the rtreets are neiihw wide rior paved. About the town is raifed a great deal of hemp. It is 28 miles N. N E. of Ipfwich, and 100 N. '£, of London. Lon. i. 40. E. lac. 52. 30. N; t' flAttFAX, a town of Nova Scotia, in Korih Americff, begun to be built by the English planters in 1749. It is delightfully feated on Chebudto harbr^ur, in a healthful CDuntry, butfomewhat fubjeft to fogs, ann the winter is very fevere. Lon. 64. 30, W. lat. 44. 45- N. HALii-AX, a town in the W. riding of Yorkfhire, with a market on Thurfdays, and one fair on June 24, for hoifes : it has the title of an earldom ; feated on a branch of r''c river Calder, in a barren foil, and on the ilecp defwent of a hill } is « very large pa- I HAL r!(h, and contains 11 chapels of eafe, and upwards of is, 000 inhabitants, who are chiefly employed in woollen manufaAures. The town itfelf is handfome, with houfes built of ftone» and good flreers, and is 4a miles W. S. W. of York, and 199 N. by W. of London. Lon. 1. o.W. bt. 53.45. N. • Halit? 1 town of Poland, and ca- pital of a ten t( 7 of the fame name, in Red KufTia, with a i xdh. It is feated on the ri- ver Neirter, 50 nilcs S. of Lemburg, ad 75 N. W. of Kaminieck. Lon. 26. o. £• lat. 49. 20. N. H A 1. 1. A ic D, a coimtry of Sweden, in the ifland of Schonen, lying along the fea-coaft, at the entrance of the Baltic Sea, and op- poHre to Jutland. I: is 60 miles along the coaft, but is not above 1 2 in breadth. Halm- i\ai\t is the capital town. Hall AXON, a town of Leicefterfhire, with a market on Thurfday, and three fairs* on Holy Thurfday, May 23, and June 13, for horfes, horned cattle, pewter, brafs, z 1; miles N. W. of Leipfick, and 40 S. E. of Magdeburg, Lon. iz. ^3. £. lat. 51. 36. N. Halle, a free and imperial town of Ger- many, in Suabia, famous for its fait- pits ; feated on the river Kocher, among rocks and mountains, 27 :n ies £. of Hailbron, and 37 N. E. of Stutgard. Lon. 10. 50. £. lat. 49. 6. N. Halle, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of Auftria, and county of Tirol, 6 miles N, E. of Infpruck. Lon. 10. 28. £. lat. 47. 15. N. Halle IN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Bavaria, and archbifhnprick of Saltzburg ; feated on tlie river Saltza, among the mountains, wherein are mines of fair, which are the chief riches of the town and country. It is 10 miles S. ot Saltzburg, I Lon. ii> is< £• lat. 47. 33. N. Hai-iks, a town of the Nethei lards, I and ad HAM •fid province of firabant, lo miles S. E. of Tirtemont. Lon. 5.0. E. lat. 50. 40. N. HaLMSTADT. See HBLMSTAOTt Halstbad, a town in ElTex, with a market on Fridays, and two fairs, on May 6, and Oflober 29, for cattle, two days each. It is feated on the river Coin, winch runs ; hrough the midrlle of it, and the mar- ket is good for corn and pro vi lions, it is 16 mileb N. of Chelmsford, and 4; N. E. of London. Lon. o. 45. E. Ijt. si* 55- N. It has a pretty large old citurch, the itee- pie of which wasbuint down hy lightning, but erefled a^ain at the expenceol Robert Fi^e, Efq. The town conftilf of about 600 houfes, which are in general pretty good fines: they are filuated on a rifin;;; ground, and the (Ireets not paved. The number of the people amounts to about 4000. Here is a good manufactory of fays, bays, calh- mancoes, &c. In this place is a good free- fchool for 40 boys, and a v!;rf antique bridewell. •Halteren, a town of Germany, in WeOphalia, and in the bilhoprick of Mun- Aer ; feated on the river Lippe, zo miles S. W. of Munller. Lon. 6. 17. E. la't. 51. 4a. N. Haltwhistle, a town of Northumber- land, whofe market is difufed ; but it has two fairs, on May 14, and November xz, for homed cattle, a few horfes, ria,: n A M feated amorg the hills. Some gfopraphe''* take it for Apamea, whic!i it a great mif- take } for this is now called Afamiyah, ao^l is a day's journey from (hence. It has all along been a confiderable place, and hat a caHle Handing on a hill. The town is very la'ge i and as it is feated on the alcentof a hill, the houfcs bt^ing built one above an< other, make a very agreeable appeal ..nee. Many of t lebfft houfes are half ruined j but thofe that are Hill (landing, with the mofques, are built of black and wliite i^ones, as well as the ciille. The river Afli, for- merly callel O;on!es, runs clofe by the ca- ftle, and fills the ditches about it, which arc cut very deep into the folid rock. The bazais, or market-places, are pretty good} and they have a trade for linen of their own manufadture. It is S5 miles N. by E. of Damafcus, and 78 S, by W. of Aleppo. Lon. 36. 15. E. lat. 35. 15. N. * H A M A M E T, a town of Africa, in Bar- bary j feated on a gulph of the fame name, 45 miles from Tunu. Lon. 10. 15. E. lat« 36. 35. N. * Ha MAR, a town of Norway, in tfip government of Aggerhuys, 60 miles N. E. of Anflo. Lon ii. 5 E. lat. 60. 30. N. * Hambledon, a village in Hamplhire, 7 miles S. W. of Peterbfield, with three fairs, on February 13, and Oftober », for horfes j and on the firA Tadiay in May, for toys. Hamburc, one of the largcft towns in Germany, the births and burials amounting to 5000 pel fons every year. The ancitnc town itfelf is pretty large 3 to which the^ have added the new town, almod as big as the former. Mofl of the houfos are new, built after the manner of the Dutch, and richly furntilied within. The principal ftreets of the ancient town have long and broad canals, which are filled twice every 24 hoors by the tides. Thefe are not only ufeful for trade, buT ferve to keep the houfea and the ftreets clean. It is feat«d on the ri- ver Elbe, which is of vaft advantage to the inhabitants ; and on the (ide of Koli^ein ig the Aliler, which, before it ente.s the town by (luices, forms a fine baT n that cannot be ei^ual'i^d in Germany j and thj'e aie fmil! boats continually ro-.vinr: on it for pbifure. Their corn all comes by w.iter j ard thoufands ot liorncd cattle ate brought from Jutland anH Bremen. H;)l!\ein abouHfls in cal'-'es, (heep, find butter; and Mecklenburg fupplies tliem with h-![,i, s^ame, and wood , and tliey have gaiden- rtufF afld fruis brought from all p.nrts in carts. The cAcals are alwiys covered vifitli boat? full of fea fiia «f ail for;?^ accof dira; L 1 2 at H p'li HAM 'B |l they are In feafon, all the year round. Hamburg is well fortifled, and there i» al ways a futTic'cnt garrifon to defend it, with a fine tiain of artillery. Qn the rajnpartR are bandfome waiks, on which they take Ihe air in fine weather. The bu-g'^ers mount guard themfelves, and arc divided iif^to feveral companies. Tiublic cellars, fheir timber-yaids, their good regulations to ftop fires, their peft- |)oufe, their churcbei, and their feveral pi <)us founda'ions. ^t is a place of great trade || which they carry on with Portugal, Spain, France, .England, Denmark, Nor- way, Swed«n, Italy, and Riiflia. They filfo fend y.fftili every >ear to Greenla»d to f atch whales, and there are not lefs than .^00 fhips at a time, belonging to foreign inerchants^ at anclior before the city j and there is a large handfome exchange, where the rnerchanis meet. The inhabitants are »1I Lutherans, and nnne but the Engliih fcavp the Hber'y of performing divine fer- vice in a chapel of their owp. Other reli- gions arc tolerated at Alten?, which is a large town near (he ha hour of Hamburg ; f:(cept the Jews, who have no fynagos>ue. Ecfid;3 the 5 principal churches, they have J I fmaller ones for particular Qccafiont, fome of which belong to hofpitals. The ca- thredral of Np.tre^Dame is a very fine ftrac ^V^re J gnd has a chapter, confifting of it ^^t)(^ns, whft are all PioteOant^. It is ad Vantageoudy feated on 'he N. bank of the ^Ibe, 45 nnjies N. W. of Lunenburg, 60 S. ■ pf Sl^fwick, and 55. W E. of Eiremen. ton. 9. 5'^, E. lat. 5-3. 4.3, N. t I^AD^ 1 1.^01^0, ^ tovvn of Germany, HAM tn Franconia, and in the territory of thO abbey of Euld ; feated on the river Saab» 35 miles S. £. of Fuld. Lon. 10. i. E. lat. 50. 10. N. Ham KLIN, a ftrong town of Germany, in Lower Saxony, and in the dgchy of Ca- lemburg, at tlie extremity of the duchy of Brunfwick, of which it is the key. It it agreeably feated at the confluence of the ri- ^ers Hamel and Wefer, az miles S. W. of Hanover, and 45 S. W. of Brunfwick, Lon. 9. 35. E. lat. 52. 13. N. • Hamikz-Metaoar A, a town of Africa, in Barbary, and in the kingdom of Fe2. It is remarkable for its gardens. Hamii-ton, a town of Scotland, in Clydefdale, with the title of a duchy. It is a very pretty neat town, and near it the duke of Hamilton has a very magnificent palare and a large park. It is feated on the river Clyde, 1 1 miles S. E. of GlafgQW. Lon. 3. 50. W. lat. 55. 40. N. Hammersmith, a village in Middle- ftx- \ miles W. of London, and a little to the N of the Thames ; it is pretty large, and full of handfome houfes. • Hammerstein, afortrefsof Germa- ny, upon the Rhine, over-againflCoblentz, and belonging fo the eleflor of Treves, or Triers. Lon. 7. 53. E. lat. 50. 30. N. HAMo^T, a town of Germany, in the circle of WtAphalia, and in the bifhoprick of Lifge, near the confines of Brabant ; 30 miles N. W. of Maeftiicht, and 17 W. of Roermund. Lon. 5. 41. E. lat. 51. 17* N. Hamfshirf, an Englifh county, 40 miles in length, and 3 5 in breadth; bounded on the N. by Berjtfhire ; on the E. by SufTtx and Surry ; on the W. by Dorfet(hire ; and on the S. by the Britifh ChanneL It con- tains 16,850 houfes, 162,350 inhabitants, 153 parifhes, and so market towns. The principal rivers are the Avon, the Stour, the Teft, and the Itching. The air is wholefome, and the foil various ; and here is the famous Kew Forefl. for the making; of which William the Conquericr demoKfhed 36 churches. \i has 9 walks, as many keepers, a bow bearer, and a lord- warden. The connmodities are corn, wool, wood, iron, lea nOi, and particularly lobflers and ci-fters. Here are alfo fotne woollen ma- I nufa^ures ; but it is mcf> noted for its e:^* casflent honey, and the befl bacon in the kmgi^om. It Cendi 20 members to par a- menf ; that is, 1? nr the "wns, and a for the corny. Win, icfter is the capita!. Hampshire, Nrw, a province of ^J. America, in Nfw England ; hounded on the N. by New SvOil^t;d : on the E. by th^ HAN MMin] on the S. by ManTachurettBay; and on the W. by New- York. It it ruled by « governor, and a council appotntco by the Icing, and a houfe of reprefcntatives. At it it a very proper country for producing naval rtorea, a great part of it has be«n ap- propriated for furnifhing mada and yards for the royal navy. Hamfstbad, a pleafant village of Mid- dlefex, 5 miles N. of London. As the air is exceeding good, it it well furnifhed ^ith Ane feats built in an elegant manner, and much reforted to in the fummcr-time by all forts of people ; at for the medicinal wa> ters, formerly in requeft, they are now much neglcAed. * Hampton, a town in Gloucefler- (hire, with a market en Tuefdays, and two fairs ; viz. on Trinity- Monday, and Octo- ber >9, for cattle and borfet. It it feated on the Cotfwold Hills, and had fornnarly a nunnery. It is 14 miles S. ofGlouceftar, and 90 W. of London. Lon, t. 15. W. lat. 51.38. N. Hampton, a fea-porttownof N. Ame- rica, in NewHampihire ; 40 miles N. of Bofton. Lon. 74. o. W. lat. 3a. 45. N. Hampton Covbt, a town of Middle- fex, famous for a royal palace, built by cardinal Wolfey, who Rsve if to Henry VIII The buildings, gardens, and parks, to which king William made many additions, are about four miles in circumference, and watered on three (ides by the Thames, over which there is a bridge to Kingfton. It it fd, and in the quar- ter of Harnheim, with an Hniverfity. It is feated on the Zuider-zee, zo miles N. W, of Hainheim, and 32 N. W. of AmAer- 4tam. Lon. 5. 37. E. lat. 52. 31. HARrtEUR, a I'ja port town of France, in Normandy, and in the territory of Caux. Its fortifications have been long demolished, and its harbour rhoaked up. The Engiifli took it by alTault in 141 5 . It Aands on the xiver Lizarda, 1 5 miles S. and 40 N. W. of Rouen, lat. 49. 30. N. HARtsBKCK, a town of the Anftrian Netherlands, in Flanders, feated on the ri- ver Lis, 3 miles N. E. of Courtray, and 17 S. W. of Ghent. Lon. z. 16. £. lat. 50. Hariech, a town of MerionethOiire, in N. Wales, with a mtirket on Saturdays, and 4 fairs, on Thurfday after Trinity, June 30, Auguft zi, and December 11, for cat- tle. It is feated on a rock, on the fea- fliore, and but a poor place, though the Ihire-town, and fends a member to pariia- tnent. It had formerly a Aron^, handfome caftle, which was a garrifon for king 3)arles I. in the civil wars, for which rea- Ion it was afterwards demnlifhed by the parliament. It is 20 miles W. by S of Falay, and 139 W. N. W. of London. Lon. 4. o. W. lat. 54. 47. N. Haul EM, a ccnfiderable town of the iTnite^ Provinces, in Holland, which bottHs W. of Lecampa, Lon. o, 17. E. H A R of the invention of printing, and pretencJa that Lawrence Colter was the pcrfon who fir(\ pradtifed it ; but he did no more than engrave letters in wood. It is feared near the fea, in a drier foil than the other towns in Holland, lo miles W, of Amfterdam and 15 N. E. of Lcyden. Lon. 5.17. E. lat. 53. aa. N. Harieston, a town of Norfolk, with a large market on Wrdnefdays, and two fairs, on July 5, and September 0, wl.ici; laAs 14 days, for horfes, cattle, Iheep, and petty chapmen. It is fca'ed on the river Wavenay, over which there is a bridge, 16 miles S. of Norwich, and 94 N. E. of Lon* don. Lon. i. «5. £. lat. 5a. 35. N. * HARtiNG, a town in Norfolk, with a market on Tuefdays, and two fairs, on May 4, for cattle and toys, andonOdlober 24, for flieep and toys. It is feated on a rivulet, and the market is chiefly for linen* cloth. It is a pretty, neat^ genteel tow.n, but has no church, and only a fmalf chapel in the middle of the place, and a prcfbyte* rian meeting- houfe. It has about 600 pretty good houfes, and one wide (kicct, and manufad>ures a httle linen cloth. It is 24 miles S. W. of Norwich, and 83 N. E. of London. Lon. i. 10, £. lat. sz. 40. N. Harlingen, a fea port town of the United Provinces, in W. Fiiefland, of which next to Lewardf, it is the 'argeft, molt populous, and ri"' ; is governed by a fenate and 8 burgo-mafhers, and has a har- bour, which renders it a trading place. It it 18 miles W. of Lewarden, and 18 N. of Staverin. Lon. 5. 25. E. lat. $3. iz. N. Ha R tow, a town in Efltx, whofe mar- ket is now difufcd, but it has three fairs, on Whit- Mond^iy, September 9, and No- vember a8, for horfes and cattle. It is 17 miles W. of Chelmsford, and 19 N, E. of London. Lon, o. 16, E. lat. 51. 45. N. * Haro, a town of Spain, in Old Ca- Mc, feated on the river Hebro, and the chief pi.ice of a county. Lon. 2. Z3. W. lat* 42. 32. N, * H.ARPLKr, a village in Norfolk, with one fair, on July 24, for horfes. * Harregate, a village in the W. Riding of YorUfhire, remarkable for its mi- neral fprings, of a vitriolic, fulphureous na- ture. * Harr lA, or Harelinland, a pro- vince of Livonia, lying to the N. W. of the gulpb of Finland. Revel is the only town. * Harries, one of the weftern iflesof Scotland, and the outermoft of them all. * Harriot SHAM, a village in Ken% with one fair, on July c, for horfes. * • HAS. H A R HAS Hark OLD, a village in Bcdfordihlre, ' Aurt, lo milei N. E. of BArm^floke, ipober 18, fo4' toys, ft it ftrong both by nature and art, and is furrounded on three parts by the fea and the river Slourj it is not very large, but well inhabited and frequented, an4 here the pacquet-boatt are Aationed that g« to Holland. It is a borough-town, fends a members to parliament, and has a coromo'* dicus harbour. It is governed by a mayor, 8 aldermer), and 24 conunon-councii. Ther* is here only a chapel of eafe, the mother« church, which is fmall and in bad condi- tion, being at Dover-court, two noiles di« Oant. The town onfllU of between 8 asni 900 houfes, which arc in general good and lofty, and the ftreets pretty wide, and well paved. The number of the people aoMMiots to about 4000. The harbour is capacioas ; - and oppofite the town is a good battery oC cannon. Here is alfo a good dock -yard, in which many Ihips of war are built. It it a I miles E. by N. of Colchefter, and 7j £• N. E( of London. Loo. i. 15. E. lat. s*« 3.N. * Has BAT, a province of Africa, in Bar- bary, and in the kingdom of Morocco. It abounds in all the neceifaries of life, and carries on a great trade. * Hasilfilde, an ancient town of Germany, in Lower Saxony, and in ttte county of Blackenburg, belonging to the huufe of Brunfwick. Haslim, ai> iHand of Denmark, in the Categate Sea, lying at the entrance ot the Baltic Sea, to the N. of the ifland of Zea- land. Lon. 1 1. 30. E. lat. 56. 1 5. N. Haslximerc, a town of Surry, with a market on Tuefdays, and z fairs, on May I and Septembers 5, for horfes, cattle, (heep, and hogs. It is feated on the g^lge of the county, next Hampfhire, and fends z mem> bers to parliament This borough is go- verned by a conftable ; has one church, and about 100 low brick houfes, in two paved (Ireets. The number of the people amount to about 400. It ieii miles S. W. of Guild- ford, and 41 S. W. of London. Lon. o. 30, W. lat. 51. 4. N. • Has LI, a fmall territory of SwilTer- land, in the county of Bern. Haslincoxn, a town of LancaOiire with M!;^* ^ f^:^- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 1.25 ii&12.8 US ■u 1^ 12.2 £f iia 12.0 •f UBS 1.4 11.6 ^ / ^. *>v# o 7 HK)togra{iiic Sciences Corporation 23 WtST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSM (716)S72-4S03 .** ^i^. V z V HAT with a market on Wednefdayi, ind ) fairt, on May 8, July i, and O6!ober lo, for horned cattle, borfet, and (heep. It li i6 miles N. by W. of Manchciler, and 173 N. N. W. of London, Lon. t. a3« W. Ut. 53. 43. N. * HAtsBLT, a handfome town in the United Ptovincct, in Overy(r«l, feated on the river Wecht, 5 milei from Zwol, and xo from Schweidnitx. Lon. 6. 5.E. lat i3> 46. N. HAietLT, a town of Germany, in the circio of Weftphalie, and in the territory of Liege, feated on the river Demer, 1 4 miles N. W. of Maeftricht. Lon. 4. 49. E. lat. 50. 55. N. Hastings, a town of SufTex, with two markets, on Wednefdays, and Saturdays, and 3 fairs, on Wliit-Tuefday^ July a6, and Odtobcr S3, for pedlars ware. It is one of ttw Cinque- ports, and noted for being the place where William the Conqueror landed. It i» feated between a high cleft, towards the fea, and a high hill towards ine land* fide, and is a large town, witli two ftreets, |>aved with flints. It has only one chuich, which is of ftone, and about 500 houfes, built with brick and ftone. There is noma- AafaAure carried on here, and the chief em* ptoyment of the people, who amount to about * 500, is iifhing. It had once a ftrcng caftle. now in ruins, and its harbour is main* tatned by a fmall river. It is 24 miles E. of Lewes, and 6a S. E. of London. Lon. c« 36. E. lat. 50. 50. N. Hatfibld, a town of Hartfordlhire, with a market on Thurfdays, and two fairs, en April 3 3, and OAober 1 8, for toys { here the earl of Salisbury has a handfome palace, called Hatfield* houfe. It is ao miles N. N. W. of London, Lon. o. la. W. lat. 51. 4a. N. ' HATriiLl>BROAD Oak, atownof Ef- fex, with a market on Saturdays, and one fair, on Augufl 5, for lambs. It is feated on a branch of the river Lea, near a foreft of the fame name, itmilesN. W.of Chelmf* ford, and 18 E. N. E. of London. Lon. o. 13. E. lat. 51. 58. N. Hath BR LY, a town of Devon (liire, with a maiket on Fiidays, and 4 fairs, on May 91, June ax, September 4, and November 8, for cattle. It is a fmall place, contain- ing about 100 houfes, and has one good inn. It is 24 miles N. W. of Exeter, and 194 W. byS. of London. Lon. 4. 15. W. lat. 50. 46. N. • HATsr^to, a town of Getmany, and principal of a county of the fame name, in Wettcravia, and in the circle of the Upper Rhine, w- ■ ■ H A V HATtBM; a town of the United Pro* vtnces, in the duchy of Cueldcrland, feated* on the river UlTef, 5 miles S. of Zwol. It was ukeo by ihe French in 167a, who de- moliOied the fortifications. Lon. 6. e. E. lat. 53. 30. N. • Hattbngxn, a town of Germany, in the circle of Wcflphalia, and in the county of Mark, feated on the river Roer. Lon. 17. 17. E. lat. 51. 17. N. Hat u AN, a town and fort of Upper Hungary, in the county of Novigrod. Ic was taken by the Imperialifts in 1685, and is feated on a mountain, t? miles N. E. of Buda, and 15 S. W, af Agria. Lon. 19. 48. E. lat. 47. $s. N. Havanna, a fea«port town of America, in the ifland of Cuba, and on the N. W. part of it, oppoflte to Florida. It is famous for its harbour, which is fo large that it may hold 1000 veflels, and yet the month is fo narrow, that only one fllip can enter at a time. This is the place where all the ihipa that coma from the Spanifh fettlementa rendexvoufe on their return to Spain. It is near a miles in circumference, and contains about aooo inhabitants, confiftiog of Spa- niards, Mulattoes, and Negroes. The en- trance into the harbour is well defended by forts and platforms of great guns, and the bifliop of St. Jago refldes here, as well aa mofi men of fafhion and fortune belonging to the iOand. It was taken by the EngliOi in 176a J but refloied to the Spaniards by the treaty of peace in 1763. Lon. 84. 10. W. lat. a 3. o. N. Havant, a town of Hamplhire, with a market on Saturdays, and a fairs, on Jane ix, and OAober 1 7, for toys. It is 7 miles N. E. of Portfmouth, and 63 W. by S. of London. Lon. i. 5. E. lat. 50. 50. N. Havbl, a river of Brandenburg, which proceeds from a lake in the duchy of Mecklenburg, and running through the middle Marche, and through Brandenburg, and other towns, runs N. and falls into the Elbe. HAVBLBiae, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and in the elec« torate of Brandenburg, with a bilhop's fee, fecularized in favour of the houfe of Bran- denburg. It is feated on the river Havel, 22 miles N. E. of Stendal, and 37 N. W. of Brandenburg. Lon. 1^. 43< E. lat. 53. 4. N. Have* roBD West, atown of S. Wales, in Pembrokcfliire, with two markets, 011 Tuefdays and Saturdays, and 6 fairs, on May 12, June, la, July 18, September 4, September 24, and OAober 17, for horfes, catile, and fheep. It it a (own and county HAW «f ItCelf, and commodioufly feated on the fide of a hill, and on a creek of Milford- haven, over which there is a Aone bridge. It ii a large, handfonie placet with feveral good houfes, and contains three parifh- churches ; has a confiderable trade, with feveral veflfels belonging to it, and fends one member to parliamenr. The aflizcs and county-goal are kept here, and it had once a wall and caOle, now demoliflicd. It is a mayor town, and near it there are fe- veral gentlemen's feats. It is 15 miles S. by £. of St. David's, and 269 W. by N. of London. Lon. 5. o. W. lat. 51. 50. N. Hatkiill, a town of SufTolk, with a market on Saturdays, and a good fair on May 12, which lalls two days, for cattle, ftc. It has a pretty large church, one pref- byterian and one quaker's meeting, with about 300 poor day-houfes, and one wide ftreet, not paved. It has a conflderabis manufaAory of checks, cottons, and fu- ftians, and is 49 miles N. E. of London, and 28 N. of Chelmsford. Lon. o. 15. E. lat. 52. 10. N. • Havpool-Mazamkt, a town of France, in Upper Languedoc, in the diocefe Qf Lavaur. Havrk-ok-G« ACE, a large, handfome, rich, and ftrong fea-port town of France, in Upper Normandy, and in the territory of Caux. It has an excellent harbour, a flrong ci'.adel, and a good arfenal. It was bom- bailed by the English in 1694, and is feated at (he mouth of the river Seine, in a marlhy foil, 45 miles NV. of Roan, and 1 la N. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 11. E. lat. 49. 29. N. *HAaTE-BivE, a town of France, in Upper Languedoc, feated on the riverAriei;c, 10 miles S. of Touloufe. Lon. i. 35. £. lat. 45. 15. N. Ha UT VI LI. I erS, a town of France, in Champagne, and in (he diocefe of Rheims, with a famous rich abbey. It is feated on the river Marne, 20 miles from Rheims, and it is faid the bell Champagne wine is produced here. • Ha WAR DEN, or HABWARnEN, a vH- hge of N. Wa^s, in Flintfhire, 5 miles S. W. of Cheftcr, with three fairs, on May 8, Odlober i, and December 14, for cat- fie. Hawks HEAD, a town of Lancalhire, with I market on Mondays, and two fairs, on Holy-Thurfday, for homed cattle, and pedlars ware; and on Sept. 21, for pedlars ware, h is feated in a hilly country, and has a free grammar- fchool. It is 24 miles F. N. W. of Lancafter, and 265 N. N. W. of London. Lon. a, 4c. W. lat. 54, ao. fi. H fi C * Ha w it s N IT t s T, a village in ^eWf, vvitB one fair, on Augull Jo, for cattle and pcdf« lars ware. •Hawo«ti», a village in the W. Rid. ing of Yorklhire, with two i»in, on Jul/ 22 for pedlars ware, and OAober 14, for horned cattle and pedlars waie. * Haws, a village in the W. Riding of Voikfhire, with a tair on Whit Monday^ for horned cattle and (heep. * Haxcy, a village in Lincolnfhire, with one fair, on July 5, for merchants goods. Hav, a town of Biecknocklhire, with| a market on Mondays, and three fairs, oii May 17, Auguft 12, and OAober 10, for horned cattle, fheep, and horfes. It is feated between the riveis W)ll and Dulas, and is a prerty good town. It is 1 5 mile* N. E. of BrecknoiU, and 134 W. by S. of London. Lon. 2. 56. W. lat. 51. 7. N. * Have, a town of France, in Tou<^ rain, rema kable for the birih of Des Cartes. It is feated on tlic tiver Creufe, 5 miles (rom Guiechc, 25 I rom Tours, and IJ5 S. W< of Paris. Lon. 0. 53. E. lat. 47. 2 N. Haylsham, a town of Suflftx, wi(h g market on Saturda^s, bu; no fairs. It ill I a miles E. of Lewes, and 5 3 S. E. of Lon» dun. Lon. 0.18. E lat 50. 40. N. Hea, a province of Africa, on the coal^ of Barbary, and in the moA wel\ern part of the kingdom of Moioeco. It produces no grain but barley, being full of high moun- tains, which feed a great number of goattf and aflTes. Here is alfo a great deal of ho- ney. The inhabitan's are Mahometansy and very jealous of their wives, who ara very handfome, and much addidled to in- trigues. It is bounded on ihe W. by the Atlantic Ocean, on the S. by the province? of Sufa and Cuzula, on (he E. by Morocco^ and on the N. by Ducalea. He An FORD, a town of Ireland, in thtf county of Galway, and province of Con- naoght, 12 miles N. of Galway. Lon. gr* 15. W. lat. 53. 22. N. Headin. See f-fevpoK. Hean, a confidet able town of Alia, iiV Tonquin, feated on tie river Dornea, ao miles S. of Cachao, and So M. of the bay of Tonquin. The French have a faflory here, and a handfome houfe for the principal mifTionary, who is a bi(hop. He BR IRES, certain iflands, lying to thtf W. of Scotland, and commonly called the weUern idess the principal of which are Sky, Mull, Ifle, and Arran. The inhabi- tants are rUde and unpolilhed, having but litde communication with the continent of Scotland. * Hi cKFixtOi « vUlagt id HamplhircF, ■Mm « with # II E I with oncWr on Cood-Fiiday, for pedUrt ware. Hrdamora, a town of Sweden, in Vef- terdai, or Weltmania, Ttatcd un the river DalecarlU, 30 miles S. W. of Gevelt, and 55 N. W. ot Upfal. LoHf 16. 15. £. lat. 60. 14. N. • Hecow, a fmall territory of Germa- H E L ny, in Upper Suabia. It is very populous, and belongs to divers fovtMeigns. • Heidenhcim, a town of Germany, in Suabia, and in the territory of Dreniz- hall, with a handfome palace, or caAle, be- longing to the houfe of Wirtemberg, 42 miles from Uim. Lcn. 10. 19. £. lat. 48 37. N. Heidlxberc, a confiderable and popu- lous town of Germany, capital of the Lower Palatinate, with a celebrated univerfity. It is noted for its great ton, wMch holds 800 ho|;(heads, generally kept full of good Rhe- nilh wine. It ftands in a pleafant rich country, and was a famous feat of learning; but it has undergone fo many calamities, that it is nothing now to what it was for- merly. It was ftrft reduced to a heap of ruins in 1622, by the Spaniards; and the ruh library was tranfported, partly to Vi- enna, and partly to the Vatican at Rome, ^fter this it enjoyed the benefits of peace, till the ProteHant ele£toral houfe became extin£V, and a bloody war enfued, in which not only the caftle was ruined, but the tombs and bodies of the cle£lois were ihamefully violated and pillaged. This hap- pened in 1693 ; and the people of the Pa- latinate were obliged to leave their dwell- ings, and to go for rbfoge into foieign countries. To add to tlitfe misfortunes, the eledlor iclided at Manheim, and carried mod of the people of difttnftion along with him, fo that it is uncertain whether Heidle- berg will erer recover itfcif or not, though they have begun to rebuild feme of the for- tifications. The great ton was broke to pieces in 1693, by the French, and at great expence in 1729 was repaired. It flands on the river Neckar, over wMch there is a liandfome bridge, 12 miles N. E. of Spire, and 37 S. E. of Ment^. Lon. 8. 48. E. lat. 4.9. 25. N. * fix I LA, a town tf Royal PiufTta, in Caifubia, feated at the mouth of the river ViAula, on the CaUic Sea, and fubjeA to Puland, 12 inJcii W. of Dantziuk. Lon. 19. 25. E. lat. 54. 53. N. * HtiLiGEN Have, a fea-port town of Germany, in Lower Saxony, and in Wageria, fe.ited on the Baltic Sea, over- againft the ifland of Termetcn. Lon. 11. 15. £• Uc. 57. 30. N. * Heiligx-land, an idand of the German Sea, between the mouth of the ri- ver Eider, and that of the Elbe. It belong* to the duke of Holftein ; and the king of Denmark endeavoured to take it in 17131 but without eflfefl. Lon. 8. 15. E.lat. 54* 28. N. * HxiLiGKMrxiL, a town of Pruflia, in (he ptovince of Natangen, between Braunfberg and Brandenburg. Lon. 10. 47. E. lat. 54.47. N. * Hxittc: NSTAOT, a town of Ger- many, and capital of the territory of Etch- fet, belonging to the elector of Mentz j feated at the confluence of the livers Geifled and Leine, 30 miles N. W. of Eifenach. Lon. 10. 7. E.lat. 51. 30. N. *HiiLSPKRG, a town of Folilh PruiTia, with a palace, where the bifhopof Warmia refides ; feated on the river Alle. Lon. 21. 35. E. lat. 54. 6> N. * HxiTHBURy, a village in Wiltlhire, with one fair on May 3, for cattle, fheep, and pedlars ware. * HxLAvxRD, a town of Afia, in Perfia. Lon. 73. 55. E. lat. 31. 15. N. Helena, St. an idand of tlie Atlantic Ocean, which confifts of one fleep high rock, and looks like a caftle in the middle of the fea. It hat only one landing place, which is defended by a platform of 40 guns; beyond which is a fort, where the governor lefides; and near it a town of 40 or 50 houfes, to which the inhabitants bring frefh provilions when any fliips arrive. It is about 20 miles in circumference ; and the foil wherewith the rock is covered produces all forts of vegetables and fiuit, except corn, which will not come to perfeflion, being eaten up by tiie rats. There are about 200 families, defcended from the: EngliHi, the ifland belonging to iheE. India company, and deflgned by them as a place of refrefliment for the E. India (hips, as they go to or come from the £. Indies. It is 1 200 miles W. of the coaft of Africa, and 1800 E. of the coad of S. America. Lon. 6. 35. W. lat. 16. o.S. Hellespont. See Daroimeils. Helm ON T, a town of the Netherlands, in Dutcli Brabant, in the quarter of Peel- land, with a ftrong callle. It is feated on the river Aa, 17 miles £. of Bolduc, and 70 E. of BruiTels. Lon. 5. 37. E. lat. jt. 31. N. • HsLMStEY-BLACKMORK, OrHXLM- 8LXY, a town in the N. Riding of York- fhire, feated on the river Rye, and which has a brook running through it. The houfes are pretty well built with Aone, and covered with flate. It had formerly a caAIe, and has H E t; has nov/ a market on Saturdays, with four fairs, on May 19, July 16, Odlober z, and November 6, for horned cattle, horfes, meep, linen and woollen cloth. It is zo miles N. of Yoik, and zzo N. by W. of London. Lon. i. 8. W. lat. 54. 18. N. Hblmstadt, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Brunfwick, with an univerfi- ty ; so miles N. E. of Brunfwick, and zo £. of Wolfenbuttle. Lon. 11. 10. E. lat. 5Z. zo. N. •HiLMSTADT, a Arong; maritime town of Sweden, and capital of the province of Hailand ; feated near the Baltic Sea, 95 miles N. W. of Lunden, and 55 N. of Co- penhagen. Lun. zi. 5. E. lat. $6. 44. N. HkLMSTON. SeeBBIGHT'HELMS7»N. Hklsinborc, or Elsinbvrg, a fea- port town or caftle of Sweden, in the pro- vince of Gothland, and territory of Scl.j- nen, feated on the oppoflte fide of the Sound, 7 miles E. of Elfincre, and 37 S. of Helmtt^t. Lon. 13. o. £. lat. 56. 2. N. FfzLtiNcroRD, a town of Finland, in Niland, with a commodious harbour ; zo miles S. W. of Borgo, and 80 E. of Abo. Lon. Z5. 45- E. lat. 60. zz. N. Helsincia, a province of Sweden, bounded on the N. by Jempterland and Me- delpadia, on the £. by the gulph of Bothnia, and on the S. and W by Ualecarlia ard Au- llricia. it is full of mountains and lorefls, and the employment of the inhabitants is hunting and fiOiing. Helsingore. SeeEtsiNORE. Helston, a town of Cornwall, with a market on Mondays, and feven fairs, nn Saturday before Midlent Sunday, Saturday before Palm-Sunday, Whit- Monday, July 20, September 9, November 8, and the fe- cond Saturday before Chriflmas, for horfes, oxen, (heep, cloths, and a few hops. It is feated on the river Low, is well inhabited, and fends two members to parliament ; is governed by a mayor, four aldermen, a town clerk, and deputy-recorder ; has one church, lately built, about 400 houfes, and broad paved Areers. Here is tlie largcAmar- ket-lioufe in the county. The inhabitants neither pay to the church nor poor, thefe being fupported by the revenues of the town. It is 1 1 miles S. W. of Falmouth, and 294 W. by S. of London. Lon. 5. 45. E. lat. 50. 8. N. ^EtvotTSLuvs, afea-port town of the United Provinces, in Holland, and on the ifland of Vorn. It is a very good har- bour, and is frequented by a great number of (hips, particulatly the Engiifh packet boat always goes to this place, which is 5 HEN miles S. of the Brial. Lon. 4 c. "£. lat. 5/* 54- N. * Hkmpnal, a village in Norfolk, 5 miles N. of Harlefton, with two fairs, on Whit- Monday, for horfes, cattle, and (heep, and November 30, for hogs and petty chapmen. HEMrsTCAD, a town in Hartfordfhire, with a market on Thurfdays, and one fair, on the firil Thurfday after Whitfun-Week, for horfes, cows, and (heep. It is feated among the hills, on a branch of the river Coin, t8 miles S. W. of Hartford, and Z7 N. W. of London. Lon. o. 40. W. lat. 51. 44. N. * He MP TON, a village in Norfolk, a mile S. of Fakenham, with two fairs, on Whit-Tuefday and November zz, for horfes. * Hr.NFiELP, a village in Suflex, with two fairs, on May 4. and Augud 1, for ped- lars wares. Henlfv. ;; tnwn of Oxfordfhire, with a market on Thurfdays, and th.ee fairs, on February 14, chiefly for horfes j on Thurfday after Whitfuntide ; on Thurfday fevennight before Od^ober lo, for checf* and horfes. Ii is feated on the river Thames, over which there is a handfome bridKC, and fends malt, corn, and otlier things to Lon- don, by barges. It is Z4 miles S. E. of Ox- ford, and 36 W. of London. Lon. o. 49. W. lat. 51. 34. N. Hen LEV, a town in Wirwicklhire, with a maiket on Mondays, and three fairs, on March 25, Tucfday in \Vhitfun-Week, for cattle; and on October 18, for cattle and cheefe. It is feated on the river AIne, 8 miles S. W. of Warwick, and 84 W. N. W. of London. Lon. i. 45. W. lat. $1, 18. N. * Henneberg, a county of Germany, in the circle of Franconia. It is bounded > on the N. by Thuringia, on the W. by HcfTe, on the S. by the bifhoprick of Wertzhmp:, and on the E. by that of Banberg. It abounds in mountains and woods ; and it is popu- lous and pretty fertile. Mainingen is the capital town. llcNKtBtp.c, a town of Germany, in the circle uf Franconia, which gives title to a county of the fame name, with a ca- Ole. It is 34 miles N. W. of Bamberg, and 37 S. E. of Fuld. Lon. 9. 17, £. lat. 50. 40 N. IIennfbon, a town of France, in Bre- tagne, in the diocefe of Vannes. Ir is in- habited by ri(;h met chants, and is feated oa the river Blavet, a6o miles W. by S of Pa- ris, and zz N. W. of Vaancs. Lon. 2. 134 W, lat. 47. 48, N. M m ^ ^ H£^Jl• HER HtNiiiCHMONT, a territory of France, |n Berri, with a capital of the iam« name, ()elonging to the duke of Sully. Hknkico, a county of N. America, in Vi:Kinia. Hen AY, Ca?!, the S, cape of Virginia, ftt the entrance of Cheflapeek Bay. Lon. 85. 35. W. lat. 37. o. N. * Hbpfbnhiim, a town of Germany, in the elcAorate of Mentz, with a caflle and En abbey ; feated between Heidleberg and •armlladt, about 14 miles from each. Lon* S. 37, 1!. lat. 49. 39. N. Hi a ACL FA, a fmall town of Turky in ^Europe, in Macedonia, feated on tie river Strimon. Hebaclea, an ancient town of Turkv tn liurope, and in Romania, witli a Greek lirchciihop's fee, and a haibour. It was formerly very famous ; and there are yet confiderable remains of antiquity. It is feated near the fta, 50 mile* W. of Con- Aantinople, and 50 N. E. of Gallipoli. |.on. ft;.48. E. lat 40 57- N. Herat, a town of Afla, in Perfia, and |n the province of Chora/Tan, 160 miles S. ^. of Mechid. Lon. 76. 45. £, lat. 34. 30 N. • Hr B BEMONT, a town of the Auftrian Netherlands, in (he duchy of Luxemburg, with a cadic feated on a mountain, in the county of Chiny, near the river Semoy, 3 yniles (torn Chiny. Hebborn, a town of Germany, in the fircle of the Upper Rhine, and tcnitory of Naffau, wi h a famous univerfity and woollen manufadlures. It is 8 miles S. W. pf Dillenburg, and jo N. W. of Solms. Lon. 8. 35. E. lat. 50. 36. N. Nebcinian Forest, was anciently Very famous, and run through almoft alt permany, Upper Hungary, and Poland. There are feme pans cf it ftill remaining, which go by the name of Walds, and hence yre have the name of the Walds, or Wolds, pf SitfTtx. * Hr KG OLE, an idand of that name, in fhe Tufcan Sea. It is fmall, and is 6 miles from th^ town of Porto Hercole to the Her COLE, a fea-port town of Italy, in *rufcany, on the coaft called Statto delli Prefidia, or the (late oi^ the garrifons } fub- HER fhire, with three markets, en WcdntfJayl^ Fridays, and Saturdays ; and Ave fairs, oa the Tucfday after February a, for horned cattle, horfes, and hops i 00 Wedncfday in EaAerWeck, for homed cattle and horfeif on May 19, for toys; on July 1, for homed cattle and wool ; and on OAober ao, for horned cattle, cheefe, and Welch butter. It is pleafantly and commodioufly feated among delightful meadows, and rich corn fields, and is almoft encompafTed by the Wye and two other livers, over which are two bridges. It is a large place^ and had fix panni-churches, but two of them were demolished in the civil wars. It had alfo a caAle, which has been long deAroycd. It is a bifhop's fee, and the cathedral is a liand- fr'me (liu^uie. The chief manufaAure is gloves, man^ of which are fent to London. it is governed by a mayor, fix aldermen, and a fword beaier; the ftreets are broad and paved ; and is 18 miles W. by N. of Glotictfter, and 131 W. N. W. of London. Lon. z. 38. W. lat. 52. 6. N. It fends two members to parliament. * Her tFORDSHiR E, an Englifh county, 40 miles in length, and 17 in breadth, and bounded on the E. by GlouceAerand Wor- cefterfhire, on the W- by Radnorfhire and Brt;cknockerg, with a famous nunnery, be> lopj^La^ to tt^e ProtfiUnt» of the cofJ'effion HER H E U «f Attgfburir* vvhor* abbefi !• a prlncei^ of Wirttmburf, and ]$ N. W. of Drcfdcii* the empire, and haa a voice and place in Lon. 13. 37. E. lat. 51. 4^- N. thediet. It it Tcatcd on the river Aa, 8 HiawBioBN. See HtaroaDaN. * HiBiooviNtA, a territory ot' Turky; in Europe, and in Bofnia, near Dalmatia. CaflcUnnvo the capital belongs to the Vene- tians, and the rcO to the Turks. Hi ID EN, a Arong town of the French Neihei4anon falls into tlie Humber ) and was formerly aeon- iiderable town, but is now much decayed, on account of the neighbourliocd of Hull. It fends two members to pailiament ; is 6 miles W. of Hull, and 17a N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 55. W. lat. 53. 48. N. HeVLINGSTADT. ScC Ht I L INCST ADT. Hevlbhin, a town of the Audrian Ne- thei lands, in Brabant 1 4 miles S. E. of Lou- vain, and 5 S. of Tirlemont. Lon. 4. 55. E. lat. 50. 53. N. Hey tsbuk V, atownof Wit^ire, whofe maiket is difufed ; but it has one fair, on May 3, for cattle, fheep, and pedlars ware, and fends two members to parliament. It is 16 miles N. W. of Salifbury, and 95 W. by S. of London. Lon. i. 14. W. lac. 51. ao. N. Hi ER IS, a town of France, in Provence, and in the diocefe of Toulon j feated in a very pleafant fiuitful country ; but its har- bour bfcinc; clioaked up, it is now much de- cayed. It is I z mites E. of Toulon, and 350 S. by £. of Paris. Lon. 6.13. E. lat. 43. 7- N. HiBRXs, iflands of France, on thecoaft of Provence, with the title of a marquifate, and wherein are found many uncommon plants. Here theEngliHi fleet lay in 1744, when they blocked up the French and Spanish fleets in the harbour of Toulon. When tl ey quitted the haibour, a mifun- derAanding between the admirals Mat- thews and Leftock was the occafion of their cfcape. HiGHGATK, a confiderable village in Mid - dlcfex, 5 miles N. of London. It is full of gentlemen's feats, of which many are very handfome, infunriuch that in fome of the di- Aant counties it might pffTs for a large well built town. U Ih f HicHAM-FsaaiRs, a town of North- ampton(hire, with two great maiketi, on Thurfdays and Saturdays, and feven faira, on Tuefday before February 5, March 7, May 3, June 18, and Thurfday before Au- guft 5, for horfes and horned cattle; on October 10, for horfes, horned cattle, fhuep, and hogs } and on December 17, for horfes, horned cattle, and (heep. It is feated on an afcent, on the eaftern banks of the river Nen, and fends one member to parliament* It had formerly a caftie, now in ruins } an4 it has an alms-houfe for la men and i wo- man, with a good free fchool. It it 15 milet E. N. K. of Coventry, and 60 N. N. W. of Lordon. Lon. 1. 40. £. lat. <•. ao* N. * HiasMis, a town of France, in Nor« mandy, and chief place of a territory of great extent. It is feated on a barren mountain, 10 miles from Seez, and 90 W. of Parit. Lon. o. 9. £. lat. 44. 46. N. HiCH-BicKiNCTON, a village in De- vonlhire, with two fairs, on May 3, and December ai, for toys. It is 7 miles S. of Barnllaple. * HiCH-BuoLAY, a village in Devon- /hire, with one fair, on Good-Friday, for cattle. Highlanders, a people in tie N.> of Scotland, who inhabit the mountainoui parts, and have been long remarkable for their particular drefs, which fomefuppoied to be like that of the ancient Romans j but it is now forbid by aA of parliament. They are generally flrong, able-bodied men, and make excellent foldiers. They were divided into feveral clans, each of whic*) had a chief, or head, and whom they generally followed in cafe of war, or even in a rebellion } but now this fubordination is taken away by adt of parliament, and attempts are making to introduce manufadlures and trade among them. HicHwoRTM, a town of Wiltlhire, with a maiket on Wednefdays, and one fair, on Augufl IS, for all forts of cattle and fheep. It is feated on the top of a high hill, which f\ands in the middle of a rich plain, near the vale of White Horfe. It is 36 miles N. of Salifbury, and 69 W. of London. Lon. 1.40. W. lat. 51* 3 5- N. * HiLOESHEiM, a llrong town of Ger- many, in Lower Saxony, and in the bifliop< rick of the fame name. It is free and im- perial; and in the cathedral there is the ftatue of Herman, the German chief. It is divided into the old and new towns, each of which have their feparate council ; and its inhabitants area mixture of Lutherans and PapiAs. It is feated on th$ river Ir- - nefte. H I o nefte, i; miles S. £. of Hanover, and it W. of Wolfenbuttle. Lon. 14. 15 £. lat. 5s. a8. N. HiLDESHXiM, the bifhoprick of, is a country of Germany, in tlie circle of Lower Saxony, between the duchiei of Brunfwick and Lunenburg. * HiLPBRSiiAUSEN, « town of Cer- many, in Fianconia, feated on the river Werra, in the county of Henneburg, be- tween Coburg and Smalcalde, with a Ane caflle, belonging to a branch of the houfe of Saxe-Gotha, an 1 who is called the duke of Saxe-Hilpcrfhaufen.^Lon. 10.40. E. lat. 50. 35. N. * HiNDcLOPEN, or HiNLOpiN, a town of tlie United Provinces, in FrieHand, and in Wcllergoe, feated on the Zuider- Zee, be- tween Staverin and Worcuin, with a fmall harbour. * HiNDBRLAPPiNO, a baiUwick of SwilTerland, in the canton of Bern, fo called from a monadery that is now turned into a caAle. HiNDoN, a town of Wiltshire, with a market on Thurfdays, and two fairs, on Monday bsfore Whiifunday, and 0Ems, a fmall territory of Germany, near the canton of Appenzell, lying on the Rhine, and fubjeA to its own prince. • Home N STUN, a county of Germany, in Thuringia, on the frontiers of the pro( vince of Anhalt. There are feveral places^ in Germany of the fame name. • HocNTwiL, a ftrong town of Cer» many, in Suabia, and landgravate of Nel- lemburg, feated on a rock. Lon. 8. 50. E. lat. 47. 45. N. HoHio. See Ohio. Hole EC HE, a town in Lincolnfhire, with a market on Thurfdays, and two fairs i viz. on May 7, and the fecond Tuefday in September, for horfes. It is feated in a flat among the dykes, 10 miles 3. of Bofton, and 98 N. of London. Lon. o. 5. W. lai. 52. 54. N. Hoi.DBRNcssE,a divtfioh of the E. Rid- ding of Yorkfliire, with the title of an earl- dom. • HoLDSwoRTHV, B large town in Dc' vonfhire, with a market on Saturdays, and three fairs ; viz. on April 27, July 10, and OAober 2, for cattle. It is feated between two branches of the river Tamer, 43 miles N. £. of Exeter, and 194 W. by S. of Lon« don. Lon. 1. 42. W. lat. 50. 50. • HoLDTY, a village in Suflex, with one fair, on May 9, for horned cattle. HoL L A N D, the moft confiderable of the' Seven United Provinces, l)ing between the Zuider-zee, the North Sea, Zealand, and' Utrecht. It is divided into N. Holland, W. FrieAand, and S. Holland j and thefe toge- ther make but one province,, whofe ftates take the title of Holland and W. Friefland. The Ye, a fmall bay, which is an extenflon of the Zuider zee, feparates Holland fronf W. Friefland. The extent is not large, be- ing not above 180 miles in circumference. The land is almoft every where lower thart' the fea. The water is kept out by dani3 and d>kes, which they are partictllarly care- ful of keepint^ in good repair, left the whole province fhould be laid under water, ft ir crefletl so. nany, of a miles 3> o. H O L crowed by tite mouth of the Rhine and Msefe, by feveral fmall rivern, and by a great number of canals, on which tl)::y tra- val day and ni(('if '. a fmall expence. Pro. perly fpeaking it is nothing but a larjje itiea- dow, and yet all things are in great plenty, by reafon of its trade ; and the land fcrvet lu feed great numbers of cattle. It i» to p.'pu- loui, that no country in the world can inatLJi it of fo fmill an extent j the pafluts aie fa rich, that they have plenty of butter and cheefe, and the feas ? id rivers furn»f1i tliem wiih fifli. Tlieic are 400 large towns, and t8 cities, which make up the Hites of the provirjce, and feveral others that have not the fame privilege. Tiie houfes ate well built, and extremely neat and clean, at well in t'>e country at in the towns. Learning fl turiflies he:e, and they have both linen and woulien manufactures, befides their building a great number of (hips. The Dutch furpafs all njtiont in the world with regard to trade, and by their fettlements in foreign countries, efpecially in the E. In> dies, and on the coaft of Guiney. This province has a court of jufticc, which finally determines in all criminal 'and civil affairs } and its (\ates, in which the fovcreignty re fides, are compofed of the deputies of the nobility and of the cities, befides the Hadt- holder. The only eltabliihed religion is the protedant, for the re/l are only tolerated. But we mud not confound Holland, pro- perly fo called, witli the repuhli'', which comprehends the feven United l*iovincet. Amflerdam is the capital city. • HoLLANi*, New, a name given to a fmall territory on the eaOern coait, to the S. of New England, in N. Ameiica. It is alfo the name of a country to the S. of the Molucca illands, which it vtry little known except along the coal). The inhabitants are black, and the mod ill looking people in the world ; they are tall and thin, and their hair woolly, like the negroes of Gui- ney. They are mightily troubled witli fl,es, and perhaps for tliat reafon ihcir eyes u* kept almod (hut. Thofe that vifited the coad could fee no houfes, which made them imagine they had none ; but this is uncer- tain • Holland, the S. E divifion of Lin- colnfhire, probably fo called, becaufe it is a marlhy country. It has the title of an earl- dom. • HotiiNGTON, a village in SuObx, with one fair, on the fccond Monday in July, for pedla'S ware. • Hollow AY, a villape in Somerfet* fhi c, with one fair, on May 14, for cat- tle. H o r. * HoLMt, a tewn of Cumberland, wSr'* a market on Saturdays, and one fair, o'' OAober 29, for horfes and homed la tie. It is funit inesialird Abbe Holme, from an abbey that formrrly Hood thctc, It is a fmall place, leaded en an arm of tlie fca, la miles N', of Cockrrmouth, and 195 N. N. W. of London. Lon. 3. 10. W. lat. 55. j. N. Hoist I IV, a country of Ccimany, with the title of a duchy, in the circle of Lower Saxony. Ir is bviuoded on the N. by SIcfwick, on the E by the Baltic Sea aod the duchy of Saxlavvenbtiig,un the S. by the duchios of Bremen and Lunenburg, and on the W. by the German Ocean, being about ICC miles in leni;th, and 50 in bieadth Ii is a picafant, fruitful country, and is well felted for trade, which however wat mote conhderable formerly than it it at prefcnt. But there aie (Itll fome very confideiabie haibours, pailicularly Ham« burg and Luheck. The king of Denmark and the duke of HolAein-Gottorp have a joint dominion in a great pan of it, and of fome towns and tenitories each of them art foJe foveriignj. There are fome imperial cities, which ate governed by tteir refprc- tive m tons, HolAein Proper, Wa^iia, Siormar, and Ditmarfh. Holt, a town in Norfolk, with a mar« ket on Saturdays, and two fairs, on June 11 and October 18, for horfes. It it no corporation, nor has any manufaAory. It has a charch, about 300 good houfes, with pretty wide flreeis, well paved, and about 1000 people, it is 1 16 miles N. E. of Lon- don, and 10 N. N. W. of Norwidi. Lon. o. 55. E. lat. 53. 5. N. * Holt, a Village in Denbighfhire, in N. Wales, with two fairs, on June 22, an4 October 29, for cattle. • Holt-Woop, a village in Dorfcl- Hnre, with one fair, for horfet, cheefe, and toys, • HotY Cross, a village in Worce/ler- fhire, wiih twi faiiS, on the fecond Wed* nefday in April, and the firft Wednefday in Septembei, for cheefe and linnen-cloth. HoL V II c A D, a town and cape of the i(1e of Angk'fea, in Wales, and in the Irifh channel, where people ufually embark for Dubhn, there being three packet-boats that fail for that city every Monday, Wednef- day, and Frida-y, wtn(3 and v<'eather permit* ting. It has a very c'onvenient harbour fof the northern trade, when taken (hort by N n con- H O M HON enntmry wirrfi. If ttui wii prnpetfy rf paiftd, and warchuuftt huill, it would bo very tonvcnicnt for itit Itifti, tt im- port fuch of fhrir Roor't as ^^y FnKUni duty, it hrinf hut a few Itdun fail fiom Dublin. Relidri, ihc Dabim m.rtlian'i miglit cnmc over with (lie pickeii, lo f«c llicir goods Lndcd. The cninmoo. N. HoLY-ht.ANu, a rmall ifland l)ing on the coail of England, 6 miles S. ot Herwick, in Northumberland. It is not 'above two miles arid .1 t,uarrcr in length, nor much kbove a mile in breadth. Tiie foil is rocky and full of f^ones for which reafon it is thinly peopled ; it has but one town, with a c^uich and a caAle, under which there is a commodious harbour, defended by a block- koufe. HoLTwitL,a town of N. Wales, in the county of Flint. It has no market, but 3 fairs, on April 13, Tuefday after Trinity, and September s, for ca'ile. It is a place of great note, for the well of St. Winnifrid, Hossitrao, a town of Germany, in tht palatinate of the Uhine, and duchy ol Dcux< i'onis, 50 miles S. E. of Treves, or Tiicri. Lon. 7. 6. E. lat. 49. ao. N. Hon AN, a piovjnce of China, bounded on ih' N. by tlut of i'echeli and Chanf), on the W. by Chanfi, tin ihr S. by Houqwang, and on the E. by Ch.)niung. It is watered by the iivtr flohanf.o, and beftHei the forts, r»nic«, and ganifonrd towns, it contain* I citicii of the flrfl rark, and 10* of tin f«* cond and third. The air of this provinca IS very temperate and healthful, abnundinK with whtat, rice, paAurcs, caMic, oiangrs of fcveral forts, |>omegranates, and all forta of Euiopran fiui's. 'toward* the W. it it mouniami'us and woody, and toward* tho E. it is all cultivattd like a garden. It is well watered with fountain*, brooks, and rivets, which render it very ple.ifant. Ho^nuRAl, a ptov.nce of N, America, in New Spain, lying on ihe N. Sea, being ab^ut 370 miles in length, and aoo in breadth j it was difcovercd by Chrillr'pher Columbus, in the yc:ir 150a. The Englifh have been pofneffed of (be logwocd country on the bay of Honduras a great while, and cut large quantities every year. The Mof- quito native Amcticans live in the eaflern parr, and being independent of the Spa- niards, have entered into treaties with the Englidi, and ferve them in feveral capaci- ties. Thi.s province i* watered by feveral ri- vers, vshich enrich the country by their in- undations, and it i* very fertile in Indian corn. It i& faid there are fome mines of gold and filvtr in this province. Valadolid it the ca;>ital town. IloNFALizr. a town of Luxemburg, in ^ho it reputed a virgin martyr, and it is the Acftiian Neth-.'.I:.nd», 34 miles N. W. much frequented by people that come to bathe in it, as well as popiHi pilgtims, out of devotion. The fpring gulhe* forth with fuch impetuofity, that at a fmall diflance it turns feveral mills. Over the fpring is a chapel built upon pillars, and on the win- dows aie painted the bifloiy of St. Winni- frid'* I'fe. There i* a mufs about the well, vhich fome foolifhiy imagine to be St. Win. nifrid'* hair. It is it miles E. ol St. Afapb, and lis N.E. of London. Loii. 3. jf. W. lat. 53. 23. N. • HoMARA, a town of Afiic:*, in the kingdom of Fez, in the province of Habat. Lon. 5. 35. W. lat. 35. jo. N. HoMBURG, a town of Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, and landgiavate of f^el^e. It is 10 miles N. of Francfoit, itnd 8.ive8 title to one of tiie branches of the tome oj Hcile, who is fovereign of it. Lvn. 2>, 24. E. tat, 50, 2C. N, nf Luxemburg. Lon. o. au. £. lat. 49. 36. N. HoNrLtWR,aconfir^erable fea-porl fowii of France, in Upper Normandy, with a i;cod haibcur, and trade in honc-lace. It is fcated on the river Seine, 8 mi!es N. of Pont I'Eveque, and 1 10 N. W. of Pans. Lon. o. 8. E. lat. 17. 49. N. HoMTVN, a town of Devonfhire, with a market on Satuidays, and one fair, on the (itft Wednefday alter July 19, for cattle. It is fcated neai' the river O.ter, over which thvie is a biidge, on the toad from London to Extter. A dreadful fire happened here in July 1747, which confumed three parts nf the town, and the damage was computed at 43, coo I. It fends two members to par- liament, but being no coiporation, a port- reve is the returning officer. It has one church, which is half a mile from the town, and a chapel within it, with about 400 hojfesi H O R HOT Crittfl on f t fiver Ctt" W o( V,o fveil, and if Lon. 7. 11. £. bt. 48. HmCci, wUcharechicAy in onehroi^paved I of Wlrtenberir, svith a dirrtft upon * llrtct. lioe It • larfe maniifa^t' 1 y c.r hone |4C«. It It 16 milci N. E. ot txetrr, im I 1^6 W. by S. of London. Lon.]. ii. W. |jt. so. 4). N. * HoNOLtTiiN, a town of Germany, in theeledorateof Trcvci, 01 Tri«it. Lon. 7. 5. R. lat. 49. 48. N. * Hoo, ■ viIUkc in SufTcT, with one fair, on Monday before AUf(u(l j, for pvdUi ^ ware. * Hooi, Catk, a promontory of Afri' ca, in Upper Uuiney, intiabucd by ihc (^a- ^uai. HooniTR ATCN, a town of the Nctlier> Undi, in Du'cli Brabant, and capital ot a confideiable county o( the fame namr, 8 milei S. W. of Breda, and 1 ; N. E. of Ant- werp. L )n. 4. 41. E Ut. 51. 15. N. * Hooic>No«TON, a villa};e in Oxford- fhfre, 4 tniks N. E. of Chipjiing Norton, with two fair.s, on June 19, and November ftS. for hoi.» W. of SUd- field, in Vo krtjire, wnh two fairs, on May 1, and September 19, for cattle. * HoR I a, a moontain of Ali.i, in Arabia Petrxa, at the foot of which is a mona- Acry, where a hithop of tic Grctk churL:h relides. There ar« two or th'ce fine fpringi, and a great number of (ruii- treei. * Ho* LEY, a village in SuflTcx, with a fair, on Novcnober 7, for cattle and |;edlarii ware. * HoxN, a ftrong andconfiderable to^wn of the United Fiovinces, in W. Frielland, with a pretty good harbour; tlicy here lat the cattle that come from Denmark and Huldein. It it feated on the eaOern fide of the Zuider-Zee, 3 miles N. of Edam, and I 3 N. £. of Amfterdam. Lon. 4. $$• E. lat. S*. 38. N. * HoKN, a town of Germany, in Lower Auftria, on the confines of Moravia, 37 xnilea N. E. of Vienna. Lon. 17. 45- E. lat. 48. 15. N. * HoR N, a town of the Auftrian Nether- lands, and capital of a county of the fame name, which is 1 7 miles lone, and ■ x broad. Lon. ;. 55' E. lat. 51. iz. N. *HoRNBACH, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Deux -Fonts, feared on the ri ver Horn, wih a Bei\edi£tine abbey, 5 miles S. E. of Deux-Pontt. Lon. 8. 36. E. lat. 49. 13. N. H0RNBEK6, an ancient town of Germa- Oh va Che fiUck jForeft, and in the duchy tii0(ini4iii It It Uih, I ) milc« N. N. K ot Friburg. 10. N. Hornby, a villwe In Lancafliire, 8 ■ milct N. E. ot LancAlk', wih one f^ir, on July 30, for .tinned tattle and horfc*. H'iiiN,C'Ai r, the m il fouihew part of Terrailel Kue;(i,inS Ariitriia, round whi.h all Hiipt now >afi tl.at f^ I into tlt« S. Sea, whercit foinx.tiy they afed to ^,0 thro* tie ^tiaitt of Magellan. HoR N Ca , t l (, a town of Lincolnfliirr, withamaikft on Saturdlyi, and imo fain, on June ii, and Au^urt »i, im hoifes and citilu. It i> fciced on the river Rane, and three parts cf it \% funounded with water. It is .1 lirge \vtll built town, and had for- n>crly a c.tillt?, now dcmohlhcd. It ii 13 milcii E. at Lmci In, and ii; U. of Lundun. Lon. o 9. W. lat. -; v jo. N. HoRNnoN, a town of ElfeX, with a mar- ket on Sa"jid.i)i, but no f.iirs, It is fu'ed on a fmall rivei, uliJLh, at a fmall diAmce, falls into the Thimcs, at the p'ai e c.illed ilie Hj^e. It is 16 milt- S. of (Chelmsford, and tS E- of London. Lon. o. 30. E. lat. 51. 31 N. • HoRNlNr, a village in Knrfofk, witb one fair, on Monday after Au>;ui\ 2, lor oiu dinary horfet, and petty chapmen. HoB s««Y, a town in the V.. Ridinp of VoikOiire, with a maiket on Mondays, and two fairs, on Augult is and December 17, for horfet and rattle. It is 40 milt's E. &[ Votk, and 17^ N. of London. Lon. o. 6, £. laf. 54. o U. • HoRRiNr, in, a village in Suir>!k, with one fair, on Se^'tember 4, for (liecp and toys. • Hn.'. eMANDFN, a village in Kent, with one fair, on July i6, for cat'le. • HoRSRNt, a town of Denmark, in JuC^ land, and in the dionefe of Arliuis, at tie bottom of a bay which ferves as a harhsur, and it over-againd the N. point of thp idand of Fionia. Horsham, a town of Snfftx, with • niukcton SatU'diys, and three fairs, en Monday before Wliic-Sunday, and July iS^ for fheep and lambs, and on November 17, for cattle and pedlars ware. It is feated near St. I.e.'nard'a forefl, and is a horougb town, fending two members to parliament, and fometime; the affixes are held here. • HosBR iDrsE, a village in SotTex, with two fairs, on May 9, and September 29, fof pedlars ware. Hottentots, See C*n of Coot* Hope. ^ N ■ » t H1 thiid. It is a fiat, open cjuntty, wateicd every where with brocks, lakes, and rivers, in which theie are great numbers of fi(]\. Here ate plenty of wild-fowls j the fields nouiifti tat- tle without number, and the foil produces corn, and various kinds of fruits. Ttiereis ChriAians. gold found in the fands of the rivets, and in the mines they have iron, tin, and tute- nigue. In fliort there is fuch variety of all fjris of commodities, *hac it is called the maga^zine of the empire. • HowDEN, a town in the E. Ridinc; of Vorkdiire, with a large inatket on Satur- dayH, and four fairs, on che fecond Tuefd.iy in Jmuary, Tuefday before Marcii 15, the fecond Tiiefday in July, and Qflcber ?., Tor horfes, cattle, and flix. It is feared en the rivers Owfe and Perwcnt, and if a pretty large town, which gives name to a fmall territory called Howdcn(hiie. It is ]6 ^iles S E. of York, and 173 N. by W. of Lfondon. Lon. o. 40. W. lat. 53. 43- N • HowEY, a village of Radnorfliiie, in Soitii Wales, with 4 fairs, on February 7, Jtlie 19, A^^tX ], »(i^ the UA imarda) HUD in OAober, for fhccp, horned cattle, and horfes. * HoxNi, or HoxoNK, a village in Suf* folk, with one fair, on November «, for ScotJi cattle, 3 miles N. of Eye. it conti- nues for a mcnth. * HoxTiii, a town of Germany, in Welij-lLiha, fea'ed on the river Wei^sr, 8 miKs N. W. of Corwey, and 27 N. E. of Padeiborn. Lon. 9. 35. £. lat. 51. ^o, N. ; * Hoy, an ifland of Scotland, and ona of the O'cades. It is about 10 miles long, and that part called Waes is fiuiiful and pict'y pojiuKius. It i* a good place for trilling, and there is an uncommon bird heie, called Yer, wMth is of the hje of a ('uvk, of a fingular fliape, and extremely lat. Hovt, a *o\v« of Gcmany, in Weft- phalia, and cipital ol .1 ccunty of the fame name. It h feated on the river Wefcr, 43 miles N W of Zell ; fuhj*ft to the elec- ta, of Hanover. Lon 9. o. E. lat. 53. 5. N. • Hii/tDiscH, a town of Germany, in Moravia, feated on an \(\;\r.A in the river Mo- rave, 30 m>les S. E. ot Olmurz, and 30 E. of Brinn. Lon. 37. $3. F.. lat. 49 6.N. * Hu.^, or KAHUA,alatgetoMvnof Afia, and capital cf Cochin China, with a hand- fome palace, where the king commonly re- fidts. It is fvated in a beautiful plain, and divided into two par's by a large river. The inhabitants are fincere, good-natored, and civil to Hrangers, and their religion is like tiat of China. They all blacken their teeth, for they think it a (hanae to have t!.em white, liky dogs; they likewife wear their nails veiy long. There is alw.iys a garrifon kept here, and there are a few Loo. 105. 5. E. lat. 17. 40. N. * Hubert, a town of Africa, in the kingdcm of Tremefen, feated on a moun- tain, one mile and an half from Tremtfen. Lon. o. 70. W. lat. 34. 32. N. H'-'BERT, St. a town ot the AuAiian Nc hei lands, in Luxemberg, and in the county of Ciiiny, with a very handiome ab- bey, under the prote^^ion of France. It is 20 miles N. E. of BouUinn, and t50 N. E. of I'aris. Lon. 5. 25. E. lat. 50. 3 N. Huoson's-B^ Y, a laige bay ofN. Ame- lica, between 51 and 63 degrees of Uti'ude, where ilie Eoj;li(h Hudfon's bay company have fevernl forts and fettlei:;er>ts, and tr^rle witli the natives for beaver-ikins, and ot'ier lic'i (kin? .tnd furs. • Huoson's RivEK, a river of N Ame- rica, which rifes to the E. cf lake Ontaiio, and, running by .Mhsny, and on the batlc of the S. ps^rt of J^ew England, ihp* pa^t of H U L ef New Yaik, falls into the hay of the (ea ■beyond the W. end of Long Iiland, and be- low the town of New York, • Hudson's Str AITS, are thepsflage out of the N. pafTige into Hudfon's-baj, lying between 60 and 6| degrees of N. la- titude. • FIvDWicHw AT.n, a Tea port town of Sweden, and capital cf Heifint^ia, between theidesof Agan and Holfoon. Lon. 18. 35. £. lat. 6>>. 40. N. HuESCA, an ancient and conHderahle town of Spain, in the kini;doni of Arragon, with a bishop's fee. and an univerfity. It is feared on the IflTuela, in a foil producing ex^-ellent wine, 71 miles N. W. of Caibaftro, and ;s N. E. of Saragolfa. Lon. o. 13. W. lat. 40. z- N. « • HuEscAR, or GocscAR, a town of Spain, in the kingdom of Granada, feated on a plain, with a caAle, 60 miles N. E. of Granada. Lon. 1.45. W. lat. 37. 32. N. • HuisNt,or HuENA, a fmiijiflmdof the Baltick Sea, in the Sound, in which was the famous obftrvatory of Tycho Brahe. Lon. 13. 5. E. lat. 55. 54. N. HuETT A, arswn of Spain, in New-Ca- l^lle, 67 miles E. cf Madrid. Lon, 2. 15. W. lat. 40. 35. N. HuGLEY, a town of A(i.^, in the king dom of Bengal, feated on tlie mofl wederly branch of the river CangeK. It is a town of large extent, reaciiini; about two miles along the river fide, and drives a great trade in all the commodities of Bengal ; affording rich cargoes for 50 or fco (hips every year, befides what is carried in carriages to the neighbouring towns. Salt-pet men here, kep* on purpofe for all comers, who ca^ry on a great trade in their way. The inhabitants are chiefly Indians ; but hcte are Portugueze, Englifh, and other Europeans. It is 50 miles N. of Cnlcutta, or Fort William. Lon. 87. 55. E.lat. 22. o. N. Hui, orHuY, a town of the Nether- lands, m the bifhoprick of Liege, and capi- tal of Condrafi. It is advantageoully feated on the river Maefe, over which there is a bridge, 12 miles S. W. of Lieee. and 16 N. £. of Nainur. Lon. 10. 22. E. lat. 52. 31. N. Hi^it, or Kingston vpon Hull, a town in the E.Riding of Yoikrtiiie, with two maikets, on Tuefdays and Saturdays, and one fair, on October 10, let horfts and toys It is feated on the N. liHe of the ri- HUN with two parifh churches. One of tha flrects refembles Thames- ftreet in London, where pitch, tar, co:dnge, and fails are to be fold, and whtre ihc fhips come to lade and unlade il'eir merchandize, it having a cultom hnufe and a quay. Iris very well foitified, is one of the principal places in England for trade ; a county of itfelf, fends two members to parliament, and has the ti- tle of a duchy. It is 41 miles N. of Lin- coln, 36 .S. E. of Yoik, and 170 N. of Lcn> don. Lon. o. 6. W. lat. 53. 45 N. HuLPEN, a town of the AuHrianNe- therlan !«, 9 miles S. E. of Btulfels, and 9 E. of Hall. Lon. 3. 50. E. lat. 51. 20 N. H i; L s T, a i)roni( town of the DutcU Ne- thei lands, in Flanders, and capital of a b.ii- li\/Kl< of the fame name. It was taken by the French in 1747 ; it has a very fine town- houfe, and the palace of the commander i« the handfomell in all Flanders It is feated on a plain, which may be overflowed, 1$ miles M. VV. of Antwerp, and 17 N. E. of Ghent. Lon. 4. 0. E. lat. 51. 16. N. Number, a river formed by theTrent« Oufe, Dcr-vent, and feveial other ftreams. It divides Yorkfliire from Lincoln(hire, an4 falls into the German Ocean, near Holder- nefs. * HyNDON, a village In Suflfolk, with one fair, on Holy Thurfday, for cattle. * HuNDsr ELD, a town of Germany, in Silefia, in the province of Oeis, feated on the river AVide, 8 miles N. E. of Brellau* Lon. 17. 15. E lat. 51. 8. N. *IIuND2 RUCK, a fmall territory of Ger- many, in the Lower palatina'e, between the rivers Rhine, M. ftlle, and Nab. Hungary, a kingdom of Europe, lying along (he river Danube, about 600 miles in length, and 7.50 in breadth. It is bounded on the N by Poland, on the W. by Ger- many, and on the E. and S. by Turky in Europe. It comprehends three large pro- vinces, namely. Proper Hungary, which if bounded on the N. by Poland, on the W, by the circle of Auilria, on the S. by the river Drave, which feparates it from Scla- vonia, and by the Danube, which parts ic from Turky in Europe ; and on the E, by Walachia and Tranfilvania. The other parts are Tranfilvania and Sclavnnia. The prin- cipal rivers a'e, the Danube, the Save, the Drave, the TrelFe, the M^ros, the Raab, the Waag, the Gran, and the Zarwicfe. They are fo full of ii(h that they give them to the hogs, but the waters are all unwhole- fome, except that of the Danube. The air is vci y unhealthy, cccaftoned by the lakes and hogs, infomuch, that there is a fort of Vff Hurpber^ and is 3 bandfcmc larj^e icwn, {Ja{ju« viHts th?m every tlucr pr four years, 1 4 on HUN en which account it is called the prave of tfie Gi-rmafts j it ahounHs in all the luciil'i lies of lifr, and the wine, tfpecially that ca!l:d Tokay, is excellent. There art mines ol gold, filver, copper, and irrn, and t!iey have fuch pltnty of g* "ic, tliat hur>iinp is Allowed to all. The inliabitaniti ate well (hjpc.l, brave, haughty, and rcvcnyeful. Tlitir liorfemen arc called Hr.lT.us, and ti eir foot Hcydukes. Almull all the towns of Iiuni:aiy have two nanr.eb, the om- Get man »^id the other liungarian, and the lanpua^e is a dialed of the Scl.ivoni.-.n. The govern rnent is hereditary in the hou^'e of Aurtii.i, and the el\al>lithed religion is Popery, tho' tlieie are a g'cat number of Protertanis, who have of l^te been feverely pcrfecuted, but it is now fold tliey have a loleiation. No country of the worl I is better fupplied with mineral wateisand baths j and thofe of Burta, when the Turks had it in pofl'cf- fion, wete reckoned the finefl in Europe. Buda is the capital town of Lower Hungary, and Freiburg of the Upper. ♦ Hunger BRUNN, or The Foin- TAiN or Famine", a fountain of SwilTcr- landf in a village cailed Wanger, 5 miles from Zurich. Itis pretended.tliat it is al- ways dry in fruitful years, and thar, when it begins to lun, it portends a famine j but this is looked upon by the better foit as a fable. HuNGEitFORn, a town of Bcrk !■ A N G . See Ho u (>^l- a n g. • HvREroi::, a frnall d;rtrifl of the ifle of F.ance, whofc; principal towns are Cor- beil, Mont-Chiiii, Charties, feite-Alafs, and Palaifau, Ht'RONS, a favage people of N. Ameri- ca, in New Fiance. Their country is of 8;ieat extent, but not populous, they having been diminifhed by their continual wars wit!) the Iioqiiois. The French prttttid that they are altiofl all become Ciirilliansj but if tlicy are, it is to very little purpofe, for they are great c'leats and thieves. They have an hereditary chief, which is always tliefon of tiie woman neatert related ; and it is pretended, th.it the female fex have ! ringen. It extends along the German | the principal man.Tj;ement of the govern- Ocean, from the liver Hunfe as far as tlie ! ment. There is a Like here, called thoHu- tcirttcry of Croningen. it contains a great number of villages, but no confiHerable place. HuNTiNcco.v, the chief town of Hunt rori lake, which is very large, and furrounded by four others of great extent, about which thife people chiefly inhabit. Hi;rs7.Castlx, a fort.'efs in Hamp- fhite. J A E fliSre, not far from Limington. It in featec) on the extreme point ot a neck vt land whiih (hoots inio the fca towards the ide of \^igit, from wliiwh it is diHant two milw. * HuRST-Gii tEN, a village in Sullyex, with ons fair, or» July 3, for p^^dlars vvare • HuRiTr iCRPOiNT, a villajjc in Suf- fex, with one fair, on OtlubL'r 10, fur ped- lars ware. Hussars, a fort of troopers, wMch were firfl common in Hun(;ary, but are now in- troduced into feveral parts of Europe, and there liave been fome lately in tlie En|;lifh army. They may be more properly called light horfe, amd they ufually do a gieat deal of fervice. H D s u M, a town of Denmark, in the du- chy of Slefwick, and capital of a bailiwirk of the fame name, with a ftron^; citade^ and a very handfume c'^urch. It is feated near the river Ow, on the German Sea, 20 miles W. of Slefwick, and is fubjcft to the duke of Hoiriein-Gottorp. Lon. ^i 5. £.^ lat. 54. 55. N. » HuTHERSriELD, OF Hu DOE R SF I K L D, a town in the W. Riding of Yorkfliiic, whofe market is now difufe<), but it has one fair, on May 24, for lean horned cattle, and horfes. It is 42 miles S. W. of York, and 161 N. N. W. of London. Lon. i. ^4. W. lat. 53. 37. N. HuY. See Hui. I. JA AR, a river which rifes near Ton- gres, in the bi^opriuk of Liege, and pairing by Barkworra, falls into the Maefe at MaeAricht, where thete was a battle fougiit between the allies and the Fiench, in 1746. Jarlunka, a town of SileHa, in the ter- ritory of Trefchen, 30 miles S. E. of Tr a- paw. Lon. 18. o. E. lat. 49. 37. N. Jacca, an ancient town of Spain, in the kingdom of Arraijon, with a bilhop's fee, and a fort, feated on a river of the fame name, amon); the mountains of Jacca, which are a part of the Pyrcnrees, ii miles N. of Huefca, and 50 N. by £. of SaragolTa. Lon. o. 19. W. lat. 44. 12. N. Jaci-de-Aguil /I, a fea-port town of Sicily, on the eadcrn coall, between Cu- tanea and Tavormina, with the title of a 'prin=ip.ility, Lon. 14. 5c. E. lat. 37. 42. N. ]a en, a ftron^ and >iand''om2 town of S^>atn, ip Ar.dajufi.i, w' h a bifh^p's f«e, JAG and a flron|;-ca(tle. It is feated in a caon» tiy producing excellent fruits, and very tine liik, at the foot of a mountam, 15 miles S. W. of Bae/a, and 115 S. E. of Seville. Lon. 2. 50. W. Jat. 37. 38. N, J.^FFA, an ancient town of Afra, in Pdlcftine, formeily wiled Joppa., It is now entirely fallen from its ancient grandeur, and is 30 miles W. of Jcrufalem. Lorj. 35., 20 E. lat. 32. 26. N. JrtFN APA r AN, .1 fca port town of Afia, in the E. Indies, and in the ifland of Cey- lon, felted at the N. end of ihar ilbnrl, ii"> miles N. of Candy. The Dutch took it from the Poriugutz: in 1638, and havt continued in the pi.(Rfrion of it fmae thac time. They export great quantities of to- bacco from thence, and fome elephant?, which are accounted the mofl docile of any in the world. Lon. 2o. 25. £. Jat. g. 3a. N. jAGBRNnoRFF, A town .ind cadU of Sildia, capi:al ol a province of the fame name, feated on the river Oppa, 15 miles W. of Troppavv, and 6^ S. by E. of Bief* law. Lon. 17 47. E. la:. 5c. 4. N. * Jago, St. a large liver of S. Am«- riva, which rifes in the audience of Q^ito, and Peru. It is navigable, and falls in:o the S. Sea, after having watered a fertite country, abounding in cotton-tices, and in- habited by wild Americans. Jaco, St. the largeft, mof\ popuTous, and fertiL* of the Capede verd iOands, in Africa. It lies about 1 3 miles wel^ward of the ifland of Mayo, and abounds with hig'', bairen mountain*!, but the air, in t!ie rainy feafon, is unwholefome to ftrangers. The animals are, beeves, horfes, aHl'S, mules, deer, goats, hogs, civet-cats, and well-pio- portioned monkeys. They have fowls and birds almod of all forts, as well as In(Han« corn, plantains, bananoes, pomi/i-irs, oranges, lemons, tamarinds, pine-app!tf, maniyokes, cocoa-nuts, puavas, tar, ap^lt^s, and fugar canes. They have alfo fome ce- dar trees, and plenty of coiton. St Ja^o, or Ribeira Grande, is the c.ipifal town. Jago, St. a handfome and ccnfideraUe town of S. America, capital of C!)ili, with a good harbour, a biOtop's fee, and a royal audience. It is feated in a large,, beautiful plain, ab^^unding in all the neceflTaries of life, at the foot of the Cordillera de-L & Andes, on theiiver Mapocho, which luns acrofs it from E. to W, Heie are feveral c.inals, avd a dyke, by means of whic 1 they water th« gardens, and cool the (Jreets, It IS vety fuhjeft to car ihquakes, and tlic m- habitanti ate nauve Americans a^d Spa- niards. Lon, 69. 35. W. lat. jj. 40. .s. jAGy, r JAG J A K Jag9-di-Cuba, St. a town of N. Amctica, on ihe fouihern coaft of (he ifland c( Cuba, with a good harbour, featcH at the bottom of a bay, and on the river of the fame name. Lon. 76. 44. W. lat. 10. o. N. • Jago DE-tos Cavalieros, a town of America, and one of the principal of tlie ifland of Hifpaniola. It is feated on the ri- ver Ya|;ue, in a fertile foil, hur bid air, zj miles from Concep;ion-de la-Vcga. Lon. 70. 5. W.lar. 19.40. N. • Jago-del-Entero, St. a town of S. America, one of the moft confiderable of Tucuman, and the ufual refidmoe of the inquiiitor of the province. It is feated on a large river, in a flat country, where there is game, tygers, guanacos, commonly called camel (heep, and an animal, to which they have improperly i;iven the name of a lion, for he is nothing like ore, and is of a gentle difpofition. It is 175 miles from Fotofi. Lon. 6t. o, W. lat. aS. t^. S. • Jaco-di-i.as-Vai.le8, St. a town of N. America, in the audience of Mexico, feated in a plain, on the river Panuco. Lon. 71. 10. W. lat. 23. o. N. Jaco de-la-Vega, oiherwife called Spanifh-town, is the capital of the ifland of Jamaica, in America, whe e the affcmbly and the grand courts of juAice are held. It it feated in a fine pleafant valley, on the banks of the Rio Cobre. It was once a large, populous place, containing 2000 boufes, 1 churches, a monaftery, and feve- ral private chapels ; but it is now reduced to a fmall compafs, and has only one fine church, and a chapel, with about 500 in- habitants. Bting an inland place, its trade is fmall, but feveral wealthy merchants and gentlemen refide there, living in a gay man- ner. There are a great number of coaches, and they have lately g?t a playhoufe, with good ad^ors. It is ftated near the S. E. part of the ifland, about 7 mihs N. W, of Port- [covered with very long hair. paiTage, on the bay of Fortro>al. Lon. people live in huts covered 76. 45. W, lat. 18. 20. N. Jacodka, a town of Turky, in Europe, in the province of Servian feated on ttie ri- ver Moraw, 70 miles S. E. of Belgrade. Lon. 21. iS. E. lat. 43. 40. N. • Jagos, a people of Africa, who live in the deferts, and wander about like the wild Arabs. 1 hey inhabit fcvcritl parts of Lower Ethiopia, but principally the king dnm of Anfico. They woifliip the fun and moon, are very ftrong, ' and great robbers. Their arms are an ax, a bow and arrows, and fome pretend they feed upon human fltfli j but it may be doubted whether there are any fuch people in the world it men-eaters. • Jagjiinate, a famous tomple •( Afia^ in the E. Indies, in a territory be* tween the kingdom of Orixa and that of Bengal, which contains great numbers of deer and antelopes, exceeding tame, becaufe no animals aie killed here by the natives. The temple is feated on a plain, about a mile from the fea, and vifrcd by vaft crouds of ; igrims fi*om all parts of India. The niglus are fpent in mufic and fong^ of praifes to the idcl, which is notliing but a deformed bla.k (tore, with two large dia- monds to reprefent eyes. The idol itfelf it never removed, \}\it its reprefentation is carried in proctfllon in a vehicle Icur (Do- rics high, and there are 100 people to draw it. Some zealots will fall flat on the ground, and think it an honour to be ciulhed to pieces by the wheels. Lon. S6. 10. E.lat. 19. 50. N. • JaguakaSantaMabia-del Por- to, a town of America, in the ifland of Hifpaniola, belongint; to the Spaniards, 150 miles from St. Domingo. Lon. 71. 20. W. lat. 19. 25. N. • Jaick, a large river of Tartary, which feparates it from Tuikiftan, and ha a its fource in mount Caucafus, and fall* into the Cafpian Sea. It is full of large filh, whofe fpawn being faJted, is called ca- viar, which is tranfpotted into Europe. Jaicza, a town cf Turky in Europe, in the province of Bofnia, 50 miles N £• of Bofnia Seraio, with a Arong citadel, and feated on the river Plena. Lon. 18. o. £. lat. 45. 5. N. • Jakutskoi, a town of the Ruffian empire, in Siberi-i, feated on the river An- gara, whofe fource is in the lake of Baikal, about 8 miles difiant. It was rebuilt about 100 years ago, and has very Arong fortifl- cations. MoA previflons are plenty here, and the land about it is very fruitful in corn. They have a fort of beeves, w thout horns. The country- with earth, at the top of which there is a hole to let out the fmoke, and tie fires aie made in the middle thereof. Both men and women are robuA, large, and have pretty good fea- tures, going n-iked in the fummer-time, but in the winter they have long coatf, made of fheeps Ikins, faAencd on with gir- dles tipt with iron. They never wafh tliem- felves, nor pare their nails, which makes them look like fo many devils. Their reli- gion conHAs in wuifhipptng dead deer and Aieep, which are fpitted upon poles, and plac:d before their doors. The muA: deer are here to be m?t with, and are in Aiape l.ke bucks without hoins. Lon. iiii 55. E. Ut, 60. H< ^>* i aU J A ^i JAicirrt, a people of Africa, hetwccn The rivers Oimbia and Senegal, wliofe coun- try is vaftiy large. They all (;o naked, and are much blacker and liandronierihan other nef;roes, having very good katurc4. • JAma, ^ rtrongfortof the Kuffian em- pire, feated on a river of the fame name in Ingria, 13 miles N.E. ofNaiva. Lcn. 29. 31. E. lat. 59. 17. N. Jamagorou, a Aron.; town of the R'jf- fian empire, in the province of Int^ria, feated on a river of the fame name, 1 s miles N, E. of Narva. Lon. 29. 25. E. lat. 59. 15. N. Jamaica, an iHnnd of America, difco- yered by Chriflopher Columbus, in 1494, beins 350 miles N. of the continent of Ame- rica, 37 S. of the ifland ot Cuba, and 50 ^. of Hifpanioia, and is about i6o miles in length, and 50 in breadth. It is of an 6va! figure, and grows narrower from the middle, till it terminates in two points at the extremities of the iP.and. It contains upwards of 4,060,000 of acres, aj^d is di- vided by' a ridge of hills wliich run nearly fronl E. to W. fi m fea to fea. Here abun- dance of fine rivers take their rife, and flow from both fides in gentle dreams refresh- ing the valleys as they glide along, and lur- hilhing the inhabitants with fwcct and cool water. T!»ey arc well ftored with fi(h of various kinds, not known in Europe, but they are exceeding good. However, they have eels and craw-fi.li in great plenty, not aniiktf ouis. None of thefe rivers are navi- gable, but fome of ihem are fo )arj?e that the fugiis are carried upon them in canoes from the remote plantations to the fta firle. They are fo pumtrous, that ic is iniprifi'ible to defcnbe them all, and fome of them run under ground lor a confjderable fpace, par- ticularly the Ri'o-Cobre, and the Rio-l'edia. The mountain?, and indeed the greatert |>art of the iflanJ, are. covered with woods, which never lofe their verdure, bat look green at all time^ of th.e year, for ht re is an eternal fpring. Tiiere are a ihoufar.d diiT<,r- ent kinds of trees adorning the brow of every hiU, irregularly mixin;.; their different branches, .nppeaiing in a gay coni"u,'ion, and forming groves and cool retreats. Among thefe are the ignum viue, t'le cedar, and the inahogany-trees. In the valleys there are fogar cane^, ginger, orange and lemon trees, ftar-appies, eu.iva-, c-trcns, mam mees, and otheis, which make the country look like a paradife. But, to balance this, there are dreadful alligators in the livers, guianoes, and ga!li wafps in the fens and marfhes, and fnakes and noxious anmials in nlk mountaii.s. I he longeft day is abcut 13 hours, and about nine in the morning It is fo mtolcrably hot, t!:at it would be difR- cu! to live, if the fea-hreezes did ncn arifc to cool tlie air. Sometimes the nights are pretty cool, and there are great dews, which are looked upon as unwholefcme, efpeci- ally to new comers. There are two fprinfs, or feafon:), tor planting grain, and the year is di(iingui(hed intii two feafon% which are t'.e wet and dry; but the raint are not fo fiequent as they were formeily, which is fuppofed to be owing to the cutting down the woods. The mon'ha of July^ AuguO, and September, are called the liur- ricane months, becaufe then they are moft frequent, and tliere is lightning almod every night. Th'jre is not above a third part of the iHand inhabited, for the plantations arc ail by the fea fide. Here a^d ..lere are fa- vannahs, or large plains, where the origi- nal natives ufcd to pbnt their Indian corn, and which tlic Spaniards made ufe of fo^ breeding their cattle, but thefe are now quite bare and barien, The gentlemen's houfes are generally built lovtr, being only one Aory, on account of the hunicanes and earthquake*, and the negroes huts are mads of reeds, wtich will hold only two or tine* perfons. The common drink is Madeira wine, or rum-punch. The common bre^dy or that wlich ferves for it, is piantains, yams, and cafTava-roots. Toe yams are like potatoes, only of a much larger fize, and more coarfe. Hogs are plenty and their mutton and lamb pretty goi d j but the fervants f^enerally feed upin Irifh fait beef, and the negroes have herriigs and fait fi(h. The common drefs here of tlie men is, liri- nen drawers and '.vaiflcoats.'hread ftockin^js, and hanrikerchiets tied round tf'e liear! ; but, I upon public occafions, the gentlemen j wear wig?, fiik coats and waiftcoats tnm- med with iilver. The negroes go naftec', except a pait of h'eeches or 3 petticca' ; but rn^n^ of t!is wo.Ticn » ill not .igree to wear thefe iafl, for they have no fvnfc of fliame. Tlie ladies are tic!ilydrtrt, and the feivant- maids wear linen »own?. T! e current coin is all Spanifli nionry, for that of the Englifh is kept as a rurioCay, The genesal produce of this ifland is, fuK:ar, rum, gincer, cotton, inrfit^o, pimento, cliocolate, feveral kinosof wools, and medicinal dtugs. They liave fome tobacco, whic'i is but indifV<;renf^ an:i ulVd or.ly by the n«i;roes, who can fca'ce live wiiiicut if. They have no forts cf Eufoptan gain, but they have In vas, and many other forts. The common di> i)empvrsare,revers,fluxes,and theory gripts. There ni e lour negroes to a white man, and of the forff-.er there are about 100,000, bo- lides a mixed breed, between the blacks, whites, and mulatroes. This idand was taken by the tin^lilh in i6;6, under the commr.ndot I»cnn and Vcnabks. St, Jago was 1*16 capital town, but now KingUun claims that piivilc.§c. Jam AN 4, a town of Afia, in Arabia the Happy, featcd on f!ie river Aflan, about 150 miles W. of £1 Catif. It is the capital of a principality (hat lies between Hagiaz, Oman, and Arabia Deferta. Jamba, a fmall kingdom of Ada, in Indodan, with a town of the fame name, feated on the river Ganges, no miles N. £. of Delli. Lon. 82. o. E. lat, 31, c. N. Jambi, or Jambis, afea.port townanrf fmall kingdom of Alia, on the eaflern coaA of the ifland of Sumatra. It is a trading place. The Dutch have a fort here, and export pepper from thence, with the beft fort of canes. It is 160 miles N. of Ben- coolen. Lon. 103. 55. E. lat. o. 30. S. * Jambolt, a territory of Tuiky in Europe, Ij'inc; on the Archipelago, on the confines of Romania and Buls;aria. * James, St. a town of France, inNor- manciy, in the diocefe of Avranches, 8 miles from Pontoifon, and 167 W. of Paris. jAftEs-TowN, in N. America, wasonce the capital of Virginia, but now Wiliiamf- burg claims that honour. It is feated in a peninfulaon the N. fi e of James river, and confifts of about 80 houfes, chiefly for the entertainment of feafaring men, for the feat of tl e government, and the coarts of juflice, have been removed to WilliamH^urg, which is 7 miles N. of it. Lon. 77. 30. W. lat. 37. o. N. Jampts, a town in France, in Barrois, and capital of a lordfhlp of the fame name, II miles S. of Stent. Lon. 5. 30. E. lat. 49 ac. N. * Jankiro Rio, a river of S. America, on the ccaft of Brazil, which rifes in the We(\ein mountains, and lunnir^g e;i(tward falls into the Atlannc O^ean. Janeiro, a province of S. America, in Brafil, lying near the tri pic of Cipricorn, and bounded by Spiiito Sandlo on the N. by t'le Atlantic O^ean on tie E. and S. and by mourtains on i!ie ^V. wl'ich feparate ii from Guiarc, in SpaniHi Ameiica. 'i Ik' JAP Porluguefe annually export from hence g«M and precious Aones from the mountains, of a prodigious value. •Janna, a territory of Tutky in Afia, and fn Macedonia, lyingon the Archipe?Ago» and bounded on the N, by Comenolitari, on the S. by Livadia, on the W. by AlbTinia, and on the E. by the Archipelago. It is much the fnme as Theflalia of the ancients, and Larilfa is the capital town. Janna, a (own of Tuiky in Europe, and in the province of Janna, of which it is capital. It is inhabited by rich Greek meicbants, and is 65 miles W. of Larifl*a. Lon. 21. 46. £. lat. 39. 45. N. Janowitz, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Kaufhim, famous for a battle here between the Swedes and Imperialifts, when the laft were beaten in 1645. It is 45 miles S. E. of Prague, and fubjedl to the houfe of Auftria. Lon. 15. 8. E. lat. 49. 45. N. Japan, a large country in the moft ealtern part of Alia, with the title of an em- pire. It is compofed of feveral idanc^s, in the principal of which are Niphon and Sai- kokf, or Sacock. It was difcovcred by the Portuguefe in 1542, being caft upon fhore by a tempeft. The whole empire is di- vided into feven principal countries, which are fubdivided into 70 provinces. It is the richeft country in the world for gold, and the air and water are very good. It pro- duces a great deal of rice, which they reap in September; millet, whea^ and barley, which they get in in May. Cedars are common, and fo large that ll;cy are proj.er for the mafts of /hips and columns for leni- ples. They have a large quantity of porce- lain, filk, and fkins, as alfo red pearls, which are not lefs in edeem than the white. In Hiort, Japan is accounted one of the bed countries in Afia. The inhabitants are na- turally ingenious, and have a happy me- mory ; but their manners are diametrically oppofite to thofe of the Europeans, Our common drinks are cold, and theirs are all hot ) we uncover the head out of refpefl and they the feet ; v,e are fond of white tee h and they of black ; we get on horfe back on the left (ide and they on the right ; and they have a language fo particu^a^ that it is un- derfloofi by no o;her nation. They vatue their lives fo little, that when a lord makes a feaft, the dumefti^ks difpute who (hall have the honour of cutting open their bellies before the guefts. The fciences a-e highly eftecmed among them, and they have feveral fchoois at difFcient places. Thofe they ftudy moft are arithmetic, rhetoiic, poetry, hifto- ly, and aftionomy. Some ot iheir fchoois at Meaco JAP Meaco have each 3 or 4000 fcholars. They 1 treat the women with a great deal of Teve- j rity, and puniih adultery with death ; yet a man may take as many wives as he pleafes. On the other hand, bawdy-lioufes are very Irequent, and they tolerate fmi againfl na- ture. Thofe that have too many ciildren make no fcruple of del^roying feme of them } and there are many women who kill them before they are born, efpecially if they fufpedt they are of the female fex. The Japanefe are naturally good foldiers, and llcilful at (hooting with a bow : however, as they inhabit nothing but iHandii, they are leldom at war with their neighbours. They formerly carried on a trade with the neigh- bouring countries; but now all communi- cation with others is forbid, efpecially with Chiiitians, for they do not look upon the Dutch to be fuch. Their emperor is called Dairo; and in the minority of one of them in u jo, when they had civil wars, one of the competitors of the crown alfumed the ecciefiadical government, retaining the fame title ; while the other, who ruled in civil affairs, was called Cuba ; and things have remained on the fame footing to this day. The Dairo is the chief emperor, and confers the dignity upon the other as if he was his vafTal. He relides at Meaco ; and has no lands, but he has a right of felling titles and dignities ; and the idolatrous priefts mnke great contributions. He wears a black habit, and a cap upon his head : his feet mud never touch the ground, nor mvd he ever be expofed to the rays of the fun. He never cuts liis hair, nor his beard, nor his nails i and all his vifluals mufl be drtd in new veflels. When he goes abroad, he is carried b.y 14 men in a litter, furrounded with curtains, fo that he may fee and not be feen. He h»s generally 12 wives, who has each a palace, with finging and dancing women for his diverfion. He has alfo an unlimited number of concubines. His pa- lace is adorned with 365 idols. The reli- gion of the whole country is pat;anif(u j but there are two different fefts. There is no country in the world where there are more convents than here ; but the women are not chafte, for tl ey have the fecret of tak- ing drugs to render themfclvcs barren. There were once a great number of Chri- fiians in different parts of the empire } but In 1638 they underwent great perfecutions, infomucb that they were all rooted out of Japan. The caufe of this was the oppofi- tion of the priefls j the haughty behaviour of the Portuguefe, they not allowing feve- ral wives j and the perfuafions of the Dutch, who told them that their emperor would JAR become a (lave to the Pope. The emperor of Japan is a fovereign monarc' and all the petty kings are his vairals. His army gcntrraily cunnfls of 100,000 foot, and ao.ooo horfc, whicli, witii th ifc maintain- ct) by his %Maals, amount to 2 ji!,c^o I'lot, 38,000 horfe, and 2000 vafTals. Hisoidi* nary revenue is immenfe, but ii is hard to fay what it is exa^ly. The palace of the emperor is at J^ddo, in the ifland of Ni< phon, and it is lic c.pi al of t'le whole. The only Europeans that trade witlt Japan are the Dutcli ; and whenever t'>cir ihipt arrive they take away their guis, fad.', and helms, and carry ihcm on ihoic till tl^^y are ready 10 return b k In the ahfence of the fhips t!ie favors c iiland. It has likewife impairible forefis and wildernefTes ; but to ihe N. between Batavia and Bantam^ is a abnndance ; and in the woods there arc large tigers, rhinocerofes, and other wild beafts ; and in the rivers there are croco- diles. The air i* as temperate and healthy as any part of the Eaft Indies. The mofl agreeable feafin begins in May, with the cadet n bieezes, and a very ferene fky till November ; and then the rains begin, which l.iy the low grounds under water, and kill the infects, and continue till May. In March they be^in to fow, and in' July tho fugar and rice begin to ripen ; but Septem- ber and 0(fli>bcr are the beO months for all forts of fruits. It has a river which rifes in the mountains, and, dividing itfcif into many branches, waters the circumjacent country, which afterwards re-unite, and pafd through the midft of Batavia, dividing it into two parts. This ifland is moftly un- der tVblla, a town of Portugal, in the provmce of Beira, near the confines of Edremadura. The French took it by af. fault in 1 704. It it fcated on the river Pen- ful, 25 milei N. E. of Cadel-Branco, and 25 N, W. of Alcantara. Lon. 6. 3. W. lat. 39- 46. N. Idria, a town of Italy, in Friuli, and in the county of Goriiz, with a cadle. It belongs to the houfe of Auftria, and there are rich quickfilver mines in the town it- fclf. It is 17 miles N. E. of Goritz, and ac; N. of Triede. Lon. 14. o. £. lat. 46. 16. N. Idstein, a town of Germany, in Wet> teravia, which is t> e retidence of a branch of the houfe of Nalfau, to whom it belongs. It is 12 miles N. E.of Mentz. Lon. 8. 18. E. Itit. 50. 9. N. louMK A, formerly called Edom, it a fmall territory in Afla, between Paledine, Egypt, and Arabia Petrxa. It is full of mountains, and the capital town was anciently called Seir. * Jkan, St. a large and fine river of N. America,, in Acadia, famous for its falmon fifhery. • Jean, St. a town of France, in Vafgao, on the confines of Lorrain. It is feaied on the river Saie, 12 miles W. of Deux Pontt, and 8 N. W. of Sarguemine. Lon. 7. ix. E. lat. 49. 16. N. Jean d'Angxlt, an ancient town of Frai^ce, in Saintonge, with a fine Benedic- tine abbey. It was taken from the Hugue- nots in 1621 by Lewis XIII. who demolifhed the fortifications. It is fea'cd on the river Boutonne, on which there are two powder- mills ; 1 5 miles N. £. cf Saintes, and ijl S, £. of Rochelle. Lon. c. 30. W. lat. 45. 55. N. • Jean pe Lavke, St. a town o£ France, in Burgundy, and in Dijonnois, ca- pital of a bailiwick of the fame name. It is feated on the river Soane, 15 miles S. of Dijon, and 155 S. E. of Paris. Lon. 5. 9. E. lat. 47. 10. Ni JcAN-DE-Lvz, St. a town of France, in Gafcony, and the lad next Spain, with a harbour. It is feated on a fmall river» near the fea, 10 miles N. E. of Footarabia, 10 miles S. W. of Bayonne, and 345 S. by W. of Paris. Lon. o. 24' E. lat. 43. 23. N. Jban-px Mavribnnc, a town of Ita- ly, in Savoy, and capital of the county (f Maurienne, in a valley of tlte fame name, with a bifliop's fee It is feated on the river Arc, on the confines of Dauphiny, la miles S. by W. of Montier, and 25 N. E. of Grenoble. Lon. 7. z6. £. lat. 45. j8. N. JEK * JrAN d*Ulhua, St. in ifTand of N. America, in New Spain, lying; on the North Sea, wliicti was difcovered in the year 1518, by Grijelva. Lon. 101. 15. W. lat. 39. o N. Jban-Pixd de-Port, a town of France, in Cafcony, ne.tr (lie froniieis of Spain, with a ciradel fiamiing on an eminence. It ii Icatcd on tlic river Nive, at tlic entrance of one oi the palfac,es over the Pyrenees, ao milts S. li. ol B.iyonne, and 30 N, E. ot P.4nipcluna, Lcn. 1. 13, W. lat, 43. J5. N. Ji nr. URC, an hanclfomc town of Scot- land, with a fmall market, capital of Tiviot. rtalf, or Roxburv.h, three furlongs in length, and ^6 miles S. of Edinburgh. Lon. 2, 15. W. Ut. 55. 25. N. Jedpii, the capital town or city of the iflands ot Japan, where the emperor refides. It is open on all fides, having neither walls iior ramparts, and the houfes are built with earth, and boarded on the out-lide, to prevent the rain from deftroying the walls. In every ftreet there is an iron gate, which is Hiut up in the ni^ht, and a kind of cuftom-houfc or magazine, to put mer- chandizes in. It is a large place, being 9 miles in length, and 6 in breadth, and con- tains i,cco,ooo inhabitants. A fire hap- pened in 165S, which, in the fpace of 48 hours, burnt down 100,000 houfes, and in which a va(\ numbtr of the inhabitants pe- rilled. The emperor's palace, and all the reft were reduced to afhes ; but ihey are all rebuilt again. The royal palace is in the middle of the town, and is defended with walls, ditches, towers, and baftions. Where the emperor refides, there are three towers, nine Aories high, each covered with plates of gold ; and the hall of audience is fup- ported by pillars of mafly golfl. Near the palace are feveral others, where the rela- tions of the emperor live. Tiie emprefs has a palace ol her own, and there are zo fmall ones for the concubines. Deftdes, all the vaiT'al king:; have each a palace in the city. With a handfomc gardeo, and Aablcs fur aooo horfes. The houfes of the common fort are nothing but a ground- floor, and the rooms are paitcd by folding fcrtens; fo that they can make the rooms larger or fmaller ar pleafure. It is feated in an agree- able plain, at the bottom of a fine bay j and the river which crofTes ir, is divided into feveral canals. Lon. 140. o. E. lat. 35. 32. N. , "Jekyi.*, a fmall iflandofN. America, at thcmoutii of the river Alatamaiia, in Geor- gia, being s colony of the EngliH), and for- ll.^ed by general O^leihorpe. J E R JtMTiRLAND, a ptovlncc of Sweden, bounded on the N. by Angcrmania, on the E. by Medalpadia, on the S. by Helftngia, and on the W. by Norway. It is iu|l of mountains, and the principal town* are RefTundt, Licli, and Docra. Jena, a flrong town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and in Thurin> gia, with an univerfity. It is featid on the river Sala, 10 miles S. W. of Weimar, and 95 S. £. of Urford. Lon. a. 59. £. lat. 51. o. N. JrNnA, a great lake of Sweden, in the province of Finland, and territory of Ta< vaOia. * Jencapoie, a town of Afia, in In* dof)an, and in the dominions of the Great Mogul, capital of a territory of the fame name. It is fea'cd on the river Chaul, 1 37 miles N. W. of Delli, or Delhi. Lon. 76. 25. E. lat. 30. 30. N. Jen IS A, a great river of the RufTian em- pire that runs from N. to S. through Si< beria, and falls into the Frozen Ocean, E. of that river. * Jen IS KOI, a town of the Rufllan em- pire, in Siberia, feated on the river Jenifa. It is large, populous, and pretty ftrong; and there are villages for feveial miles round it. It is fubje£l to the Tungufians, who are Pagans, and chiefly live on the above river. They pay a tribute to the em- peror for every bow, reckoning a man and a woman for one. The climate is extremely cold, and no other fruits grow here but black and red currants, Arawberries, and goofeberries. Corn, butchers meat, and wild fowls are very cheap. Lon. 86. 15. E. lat. 58. 40. N. * Jenizzar, a town of Europe, in Greece, and in Macedonia, near the gulph of Salonica ; 17 miles N. £. of Caravareira. Lon. la. 57. E. lat. 40. 38. N. * Jenizzar, a town of Greece, and in the territory of Janna. Lon. 23. 5. £, lat. 40. 40. N. Jencoping, a town of Sweden, in the province of Sma)and, feated on the S. fide of the lake Werter, with a ftrong citadel. The houfes are all built with wood. It is 51; miles N. W. of Calmar, and 45 S. of Falkuping. Lon. 14. 20. E.lat. 57. 22. N. jENo,orGENo, a town of Upper Hun- gary, fubjeft to the houfe of Auftria ; 20 miles S. of Great Waradin, and 48 N. E. of Segidin. Lon. 21. 4;. E. lat 46. 50. N. * Jer icho, an ancient and famous town of Alia, in Paleftine, built by the Jebufites. It is now called Her u b 1 by the Arabs, and is nothing but a few wretched huts, whcic fome begijarly Arabs rcfidc. It is 5 miles w. Jen J E R J E R W. of tlie river Jordan, and io. 1. by N'. of J«ruf,«lem. Lon. 19 o, E. lat. 31. 58. N *Jkroslaw, a town of the Huflian empire, and capital of a duchy of the farr.e name on the river Volga. Lon. 40. 55. £. lat. 57. 34. N, Jersey, an idand in the Englifh Chan- nel, It miles from the coafl of Normandy in France, and 1$ from the coa(t of Briuany, fubje£l to the Engh(h. It is about 30 mile;i in circumference, and difficult of acccfs, on account of the rocks, fands, and forts erudled for its defence. It contains it pa- ridies } and the chief town is St. Hilary, in ttie S. part of the illand. It lies extremely well for trade in time of peace, and to an- noy the French privateers in time of war. It is well watered with rivulets, and is pretty well flocked with fiuit to W. The governor and council are appointed by the king, and their reprefentatives are cho- fen by the freemen. The chief towns are Burlington, Perth- Amboy, and Elizabeth - town. It is divided into E. and W. Jerfey ; and the produce of both is the Indian corn, whear, peafe, beans, barley, oats, horfes, black cattle, furrs, and pipe ftaves They fend to the Caribbee iflands bread, corn, flour, fait beef, pork, and filh ; and, in return, receive rum, fugar, and the other produce of thofe iflands. To England they fend furrs and fkins ; for which they have furniture and cloaths in return. * Jebvknland, a fmall canton of Eu- rope, in Livonia, and in the diftridt of Elionia fubjedl to lie RufTians. The ca- Ale of WitteAein, and the town of Oberba- len are the principal places. Jerusalem, an ancient and famous town of Afia, formerly capital of Juclea, af- ter David had conquered the Jebufites. It was taken by Nebuchadnezzar in the eleventh year of the reign of Zedekiah, and the Jews were led captive to Dalu^lon. It was afterwards taken by the Romans, and ruined together wi;h the Ttmpic, 70 years after the birtii of Chrili, being one of tl e niofl remaikdb!e lieges in billoiy. The emperor .'\drian bfilt a new city, near the ruins of ancient Jcrufalem. It wan taken by the Ptifians in 614, and by the Saracens in 636. In 1099 it was retaken by the l.u tint, who founded a new Kingdom, uhicii lal\ed 8S years, urdtr 9 kings. Sjladin. king of Egypt and Syria, got j)oire(Tion of it in 11S7. The Turks drove aw.iy the Sara- cens in 1117, and have kept polfelfu n of it ever fincc, who call it Eleoui, that is. The Holy City. It is now inhiibitcd by Turks, Arabs, Jews, and ChriAians. Ic Hands on a high rock, with llecp afcentson every fide, except to the N. It is .ilmod furrounded with valleys encompaired witli mounlaini, fo that it fccms to Hand in ilie middle cf an amphiteatre. It is at ptcfrnt about three miles in circumference, and in- cludes Mount Calvary, which was formerly without the walls. The only thing that ren- ders it confiderable is the great refort cf pil- grims, for the inhahjtants accommodato them with lo'ljings and provifions, which is their chief butinefs. A bafhaw, with a guard of janif.iries, always refides l)erc, tn protect ihem from the infults of the Arabs. The church of the Holy Sepulchre, which the pilgrims chiefly come to vifit, is a large ftrudlure, with a round nave, which has no light but what comes through the top, like the Rotunda at Rome. The dome is co- vered on the out-lide with lead, and withiti with cedar wood. The opening of the dome is clofed with a net of wire, to hin- der the birds from coming into the church. In the midd'e of the nave, and direflly un- der the ojiening of the dome, is the Holy Sepulcl'.rt, which is placed in a chapel, whofe door is 3 feet high, and 1 broad. Ic is fo fmall, that ic will hold but three per- fons on tlieir knees at a time. At the en- trance on the right I and is the place wliere the body of our Saviour was laid, and not in the middle as many have thought. The table which he was laid on at fitd, is two feet and a half high from the pavemenr, which is now covered with white marble, becaufe the Chridi.'ins who come to vific it were all for carrying away a fmail bit. This chapel is cut out of tne rock ; and there are three holes in the roof, to let out the fmokc of the lamps, which are 44 in nvm- ber, and always kept lighted. The whole is covered with wtiite marble both witliia and without ; and, on the out fide, there are 10 fine columns of the fame. It is co- vered with a pla'form, the middle of which is exadlly above the t^ree holes, and forms a fm.ill dome, 6 feet in heic;ht, covered with lead, and fuppoued wi'h it columns of porphyry, placed by pairs on the plat- form, and fo niakin? 6 arches, having 3 lamps under each. Befoie the gatr ot the Sepulchre, is a liiver lamp, fo laijv', that two i E V I L A two mm cannot fa>hom iti The Turks have had a mind fovcral timet to carry off thit lamp, and fend it to Mecca. We have not room to mention other particular* } and thcrcfote wo (hall only take notice, that every year, on Good Friday, all parti of our Saviuur'i paflion are folemnized, and aA«d. They have fiift a fermon, and tlicn every one takes a liKhccd taper in hit band, with crucifixet and other thinff* lo bcfin the ItrocefTion. Among the crucifixei, thert it one at large as tlie lifr, exceedingly well done, being crowned with thornt, and be- fmeared with blood. They vifit firlX the pillar of flagellation ; nex' the prifon { af terwardt the altar of the diviiion of Chrift't garment* { then they advance to the chapel of deiifion, and fri.m thence to Mount Cal vary, leaving their fhoe* at the bottom of the Itair*. Here are two altar» jone where our Lord wat fuppofed to be nailed to the croft; and another whec it was erc^ed, •nd where they fet up the crucified ii.iage, which finifhes the ceremony : only 'hey pull out the nail*, take down the bedy, and wrap it in a winding fheet. It is loa miles S. W. of Damafcus, and 4^ firm tlie Medi- terranean Sea. Lon. 39. 25. £. lat. 3i- 50 N. JiSELMtac, a town of Atia, in Indo- ftan, and capital of a province of t!>e fame name, in the dominions of the Great Mo- gul j 185 miles N. of Amadebad. Lon. 7a. 40. E. lat 26. 40. N. Ji*i, an ancitnt town < f Italy, in the territory of the Church, and in the Marca or Marche of Ancona, witn a biihop's fee. It it feared on a mountain r^ear ilie rivn Jefl, 17 mile* S. W, of Anconn, and jit N. W. of Rome. Lon. 12. ao. li. lat. 43, 30. N. Jasso, JiDso, or Ykd^o, a large idanr) of Alia, to the N of the ifland of Niphon, governed by a tiibu-ary prince depending on the empire of Japan. It is full of wood';, Jind the inhabirants are ftrorg, robult, fa vage, and flovenly, when compared to ttie Japanefe. They live by (ifhmg and liunt- ing, and are very little known to the Europeans. JissuAT, a terrirory of A(i4, in Indo Aan, bounded on the S. by the )cini>d m of Bengal ; on the N, by that of Necbalt ; on the E by that of Acem, and on the W. by th-^t of Patan, or Patna. Kaj.tpore is the Capital town. • JisuFOL, a town of Polan-', in Poku- f»s, feated on the left bank of t' e liver Siftritz, which falit into tlie Ncifter, with a citad«l. It is about < miles btlow Hahcz Jbtxb, a town of Germany, to the cir- cle of Wtftphalia, and capital of Je verlaiK^, with a eiiadtl ) 17 milet N. E, of Aurick. and 30 (f. B. of Embdcn. Lon 7, 51. E. lat. 5). )i. N * JavaatAND, a territory of Cermanjr, in Wef^phalia, belonging 10 the houfe of Hanault Zerbft. * JaviMGTOM, a village in SufTex, with one lair, on Eafter-Tuefday, for pedlars ware. * Ir, an ifland of France, in Provence, and the moft eaAcrn of the three before the larbour of Marfeillet. It is very well for- tified, and itt port one of the beft in the Me- diterranean. * loit, a town of the country of the Grifon*, in Caddea, with a magnificent ca- (tle } .in which is a cabinet 01 curioflties, »nd a handfome library} 13 miles S. W. of Choira, and 23 S. of Clatit. Lon. 9. o. E. lat. 40. 40. N. IcLAw, a confirlcrable and populouai town of Germany, in Moravia, where they have a manuf i£lory of good cloth, and ex- cellent beer. It is feated on the river Igla, 40 miles W. of Brin, and 80 S. E. of Prague. Lon. 15. 5. E. lat. 49 10. N. * IcLtsiAS, a tuwn in the S. part of the iHand of Sardinia, with a bifhop't fe^> Lcn. 8. 53 E. lat. 39. 30. N. Ihor, Johor, or Joa, a town of Ada, in Malacca, and capital of a province of the fame name, in the peninfula beyond the G.inget. It was taken by the Portuguefe in 1603, who dcAroyed it, and carried ofFthe cannon ; but it hat been flnce rebuilt, and is now in pofTefTion of the Dutch. Lon. 93. 55. E. lat. I. 15. N. it A, an ifland of Scotland, in Argyfe- Ihire, with the title of an earldom. It is 26 miles in length, and 18 in breadth, where broaded. In the middle of it it a frcfTi water lake, containing a fmall ifland, where Donald, king of the Ides, formerly refided ; and it it faid that the ruint of hid palace are Aill to be feen. Here are feveral other lakes, and caves big enough to hoitt - 200 people. Here is alfo St. Columba's church, or St. Columbkill, as it is commonly calleH It has paflure for a good number of C/4ttle, and contains plenty of lime-Aonr. * Ilamba, a confiderable province of i Africa, in the kingdom of Angola. It is di* '■ vidid inro feveral very populous diftriAs^ I cacti of wtiich ha* its fova, or governor.. * Ilantz, a town of the Grifons, and capital of the fourth community of the I League Griza. ft has in its turn theaflembly ( ' the three leagues of the country ; and i» I < ated on the Rbindi 17 milei S. W. of I Coira. -• . 1 Mo ick, , E. I L 1 I M M iLeMSsTKR, « town of Sdmfrfctfl)ire,| * TLLtNOt«« a people of N. Atncrfea« wifh a market on WcHmfdiyi, and t^vo inhahitin|$ near (he banks of a Urge river of fairs, on July i, and Augu^ i, lor all furii of cattle. Jt is feated on tlie river Veovil, (he f4mc name. It it a very good country { <«nd they plant In4un cntn, which ihey and i» a town o.** great antiquity, as appears] cKirfly fuKlil) upon. They area civil, ac by the Roman cams dug up. It once had uve, lively, robufi people, of an handfoiiM 16 cliurchca, now .niy tAo; ia a rorpoia f>);ipr, and of a icil, copper colour, lik< the lion, fendi two mtmbtr^ to parliament, and here the cnun y g^al is kepr, It i« 16 miles S. of Weils, ard .»5 W. hy S. o( X^ondon. Lcn. ». 4^. W. ht ^i. 5. N. iLPiroNso, S;.a magnifi'.int palace of the king of Sp*ip, in N< w CaAil*-, «ncf lr» the tetiitory of Segovia, ruiili by I'Lilip V. It is a fu^eth ftiiidture, vkitli fine water- woiks and gardens. * It. Ksur. AO u r N, a ftrong town of Afric'i, in the kingdom of ttAaiucco, and in the province of Hca, feated on a moun irc, and h»% a fafe haibour; 49 miles N. N W. of Exeter, and 1 78 W. by N. of London. Lcn. 4. 15. W. lat. 51. 15. N. * Ilhios, a feapott town of S. Ame- rica, and capital of the capitanery of Ilio .dos-llheoi, in Braiil. It belongs to the For- tugucfe, and ia feated in a fertile country Lon. 37. 15. W. lat. 15. 25 S. liHcos, or Rio-dos-Ilhkos, a pro- vince of S. America, in Brafil, bounricd on the N. by the capitanery of Bahia ; rtn i -c E. by the Ocean, and on the S. by the capita- nery of hrgura. It is fubje^l to Poitucral. • It KucH, a royal town of Poland, in the palatinate of Ciacow, rcmarlcabiefor its filver-mines mixed v/ith lead. I* is feated in a barren country, at the foot of feveiai mountains, 15 miles N. W. of Cracow. Lon. lo. o. E. lat. 50. z6 N. rert ol the Americana. They marry ffveral wives, and ate great lihertmrs ; hut fome of their villages have embraced C 1 illianiiy. It L I Nni :!, a l.tkr fo called, in N. Anie« tica. it now goes by the name of Lake Michit'.ani and has the Upper Lake to the N. aii() that of Huron to the W. wnl: whicll it communic itis >>y a narrow channel- Ili.ock, a firong town ofGirmany, i(| ficUvonia, teatcd on the (Janube, 15 milei Horn I'etriw.iia'^cn, and 5 s N. W. of BeU grade. Lon. 19.40. E. lat 45. 30. N. * Ilmr N, a lakt.- cf KiifTia, in the pro> vincetf Great Novogioji, which ha> corn- miinication with the Like Ladoga, hy the liver Wallctff. Lon. 34. 0. £. lat. fS. 0. N. Jlmingtir, a town of Somer feiihire, will) a maiket on Saturdays, an one fair, on Augufl x6 and 27, tor bullocks, hprfei, ho);$, Ihet'p, and c^ref:;, it is feated in a dirty bottom, among the hilli, and hat for» merly fuSVnd greatly by fire. It it 30 miles S. W. of Wells, and 136 W by S. of Lon- dno. Lon. 3. 5. W. lat. 50, 55. N. Ilsf, a river of Germany, fifing in th* mountains o( Bohemi.i, and tunning S. falls into tie Danube at llftadt, which is part of the town of PafTiW. Ilst. CY, Ei(ST,atown of Berkfliire, with a maike; on Wednefdays, and one fair, oa Augufl 6, for fheep, and lambs. It ia feated in a pirafant valley, between two hills, and excellent downs for feeding (hcep, being a fine fporting country. It is iz miles N. W. of Reading, and 51 W. of London. Ill, a river of Germany, which rifes Lon. i. 15. W. lat. i;i. 33. N. near Baflc, in Swiffeiland, runs N. thrr^ugh Alface, and having pafTed by Colmar, Srhelftadt, and Stralburg, falls into the JBhine, bslow Wamzenow. * Illb, a town of France, InRoufilton, 10 miles from Perpignan. Lon. 3. 45. E. lat. 4a. 25. N. Iller, a river of Germany, which rifing in the mountains of Tiiol, runs N, through Suabia, pafTing by Kempten, Memmingeh, • Ilst, a town of the United Provinces, in Fi it (land, and in Wettergoo, 10 miles from Lewardijni L^n. 5. 33. E. lat. 53. 3. N. * Ilstadt, a town of Germany, ia Bavaria, feated at the confluence of the ri- vers Danube and Ills^ over'againft PalTaw* Lon. 1 3. 40. E. lat. 48. a8. N. Imknstapt, a town of Germany, iia the circle of Suabia, 15 miles S. of Kem- and Kirchberg, and falls into the Danube ati pen, and 1% E. of Lindaw. Lon. 10. io» E. lat. 47. 25. N. Immirxtta, a province of Afia, be> tween Mount Caucafusand the Black Sea, the province of Cutiel and Georgia beins pa: t of the ancient Colchii. It is a very mountainous country, though there >refoflW yim. • iLLiroNso Di losZavotacas.St. a town of N. America, in New Spain, and in the diocefe of Guax:ica ; feated on a mountain, 50 miles N. E. of Antequera. J^oa. 97. 30. W^iatjjj. 35.1ir. P p fnitful I fi li I N D fruitful vaUry of the Church, and in Romagna, wiih abi iltop'a (ce, and is a very handfome pi^pulous piace. It is fcated on the livei banieino, 9 niil.;sN. W. of Faenza, and 45 N. by K. of Florence. Lon. 11. 43. £. lat. 44. 28. ,N. Imperial, a pleafant town of S. An)e tica, in Chili, 10 mile;: from the S Sea, and on the river Cautonj. 98 miles from Concep- tion, to wliich the biihop has retired lince this town was taken by the favages. It is feated op a cray.gy rock, in a charming country. Lon. 72. 3^. W. lat. 38. 40. S. • Imprriai, a title given to certain towns in Germany, who Iiave a right to go- vern themfeives by their own laws, and arc immedi.itely under the protedtion of the em- I N D tfiem away fr«m many of their fa^otlei* I he Indians are generally Gentoot or Ido« lateis, though there are a great number of Mahometans. In the places that depend upon t'"e European* fome of them are be- come Roman Catholics. Many of the Ido- laters believe in the ttanfmigration of fouls, and will not kill or eat any thing that has life, nut even the moll noxious inftfls or animals. 'I'hcir print 4)al pnejts are brach- mans ; and there are faquirs, who make their principal dcvution confifl in the cles in (he E. Indies, but the Mahometans generally underltand Arabic, becaufe the Alcoran is written in that language. iNsosTAr^, Propir India, or theem- J3ire of the Great Mogul, is bounded on the W by Perfia, on the S. by the wertern pe- ninfula, on the E. by the eailern penrnfuia, and on the N. by feveral kingdoms of Inde- [jendent Tartary. It is a va(t country, and is at leaft iioo miles in len;^ih. It is very fertile in all forts oi corn, and all the com modities of the E Indies are to be met with here. The inliahiiants are more humane witli regard to Grangers, and not fo grtai. enemies to the Chnftians, as the Turks ; tliey drefs much in the fame manner, anc! take feveial wives, being much addifted to luxury. Genghilkan, a Tartarian prince, who died in 1226, and whcfe conquelU I'urpaffed thofe of Alexander and the Ro mans, feizcd on this empire in the 13th century. Tamerlane 200 years afterwards became maHer of it, and his defcendants are now upon the throne. The Great Mo- gul was the richeft prince in the wot Id, efpecially in diamonds and precious ftone!<, till Kouli Khan the lad king of Perlia de- prived him of all his treafures. The govern- ment is defpotic, and the Great Mogul tnaf^er both of the lives and fortunes of his fubjeAs. He often takes away lands that any one has cultivated, and gives worfe in their room. His revenue it faid to amount to near fifty millions fterling a-year, and he has an army of 70,000 men. The provinces are governed by omars, fome of whom are called nabobs, and ha generally bellows Upon them lands fufficient to maintain their dignity and their troops. Their revenues are fo confiderable, that thefe governors are like fo many petty king* ; but they are obliged to make large piefents to the Great Mogul, and to make their court to him ; ctherwife all tl eir riches would be taken from their families after their death. There are no fixed laws wi:h regard to their fuccef* fion, which produces many intrigues and quarrelling; among the fons to obtain t^e throne. The empire of the Mogul contains 20 provinces ; namely, Ca(hmire, Cabul, and Ayoud to the N. Siba and Patna on the eaft fide of the Ganges, and which contain feveral provinces. Thofe that lie to tliy S. are Bengal, Bercr, Candifti, Baligate, Ta- linga, Baglasa, and Guzurat. The eaftern Halubss. To thefe 20 |."ovinces may ba joined the kingdoms of Golconda and Car- nate, which are tributary to tlie Great Mo- gul. However, if may be obferved that ho is not abfolute marter of all thefe countries, tor tiiereare many petty princes, calld ra- j.ihs, who are the fltfcenderts of thr an- cient kings of this vaft couuiry. Some of thefe rajahs acknowledge the Great Mo- gul, and others are indep<;ndeot of him, and make war againft liim. All the cities an4 towns, as well as other paiticulariiics, will be takcti notice of in their proper places, Indr.apore, a Dutch fettlemenf on the wtftcn coafl of Sumatra m tl'e V.. Indies, 160 nults N. W. ot Bencoolen, * Inure, a river of France, which has i's fourie m Be ri, and pafTmi; into i'ou- rains, ta h into tlie Loire. In PUS, 01 SiNDE, a great river of Afia, vviiich rifts to the N be>onfl the kmgdonn ot Caffimire, runs almcft diie^tly S. patfing by Atok, Multan, Ruckor. and other lelfer towns, and tails by feveral mouths irtolli* ocean, one of which palfes by Tetta. Kouli Khan not lone fince made this the boundary of the Pertlan empire, between Indoftan and Peifia. * Infierno, a fmall ifland of Afrita, and one of the Canaries, bounded on the S. by Lancerota, by St. Claire on tlie N. and by Graciofa on the E. * Ingatstonb, a town in EfTex, on th« road to Colchefler, 3 furlongs in length, and 23 miles N. E. of London, v« ith one fair, on December 1, for all forts of cattle. Ingelshbim, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, remarkable for having been the refidence of the emperors j feated on the river Salva, on an eminence, from whence there is a charming profpeft, 5 miles S. W. of Mentz, and 5 W. of Bia« ^en. Lon. 8. 5. E. lat. 49. 5S. N. * Ingham, a village in Norfolk, with one fair, on June 10, for horfes and petty chapmen. * Ingleton, a town in the W. Riding of Yoikfhire, X miles N. W. of Settle, with one fair, on November 17, for leather and oat-meal. * Inglbwehiix, a village in Lanca- Oiire, with two fairs, on Monday before Holy-Tlurfday, and GiVober 5, for cattle. Ing oLSTADT, a handfomc town of Ger- many, and the flrongef\ in Bavaria, with af >mous univcrfity, and a hardfome church. The houfe!i are built with l\one, and tt e P p a iVssts i I N S ftreeti large. It was taken by the Auftrians in i74i» who urried almoft all the artil- lery away. It is feated on the Danube, 5 miles N. E. of Newberg, and 45 N. by W. of iVIunich. Lon. 11. 10. £. lat. 48, 4a. N. Ingria, a province of (he RuiTian em- pire, lying on the gulph of Finland, being about 130 miles in length, and 50 in breadth, it abounds in game and AOi, and here are a great number of elks, wliich come in troops-4rom Finland, in the fpring and autumn. It was conquered by tlie czar Peter the Great, and Fetertburg is the capi- tal town. It is bounded by the river Nieva and the gulph of Finland on the N, by great Novogorod on the £. and S. and by Livonia on the W. •Inhambana, a kingdom of Africa, on the E. coaft, lyinjr under the equator, and on the gulph of Soplia. The inhabi- tante are idolaters, and Tor.qua is the capi- tal town. Inn, a river of Germany, which has its fource in the country of the Griions, and at the foot of the mountain Septimerberg. It runs N. E. through Tyrol, by Infpruc, and continuing its courfe N. E. through Bavaria, palfes by KufFAain, Vaffeburg, Braunavv, and other towns, and falls into the Danube, between PalTaw and InlUdt. Innerkeithikc, a parliament and fea- port town of Scotland, in the county of Fife, on the N. fliore cf the frith of Forth, 10 miles N. W. of Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 15. W. lat. 56.5. N. iNNERtOCHY, Of FoU T-Wl I LI AM, a fortrefs lately ereded in the highlands of Scotland, at the mouth of a large lake in the county of Lochaber, zS miles S. W. of Lochnefs, and 100 N. W, cf Edinburgh. Lon. 5. 15. W. lat. 56. 55. N. Inniskilling, a Arong town of Ire- land, in the county of Fermanagh, and pro- vince of Ulfter. The inhabitants diftin- guifhed thtmfelves in favour of king William loon after the Revolution, againft king James's party. It is feated between two lakes, zo miles E. of Ballyfliannon. Loo. £. 50. W. lat. 54. 20. N. * Innthal, a diftri£l of Germany, in the Tyrol, watered by theriver Inn. Infpruc is the capital town. * Inowsladisiow, a ftrong andconA- derable town of Poland, and capital of Cu- javia, with a fort, and a palace where the bifliop of Cujavia rcfiHes. It is -^7 miles N. £. of Gnefna, and 70 W. of Warfaw, Lon. 19. 40. £. lat. 52. 3S. N. iNspauc, a town of Germany, In the Tyrol, with « ftrong caftle ; very poputous. jot and w'a* ff/^nerly the place where t!iearc^«^ duket of Auilria refided j feated in a plea** lant valley, on the river Inn, 17 miles N. W. of Brixon, and 62 S. of Monich. Lon. II. 27. E. lat. 47. 3. N. • iNSTADT.a town of Germany, feated on the river Danube, near I aflaw, frcmt wliich it is feparated b'- the river Inn. Lon. 13. 40. E. lat. 48. 25. N. Invxrarv, a p»»liament-town of Scot- land, in ArgylefhJre, feared on Lochfine, 7^ miles N. W. of Edinburgh, and 45 N, W. of G»afgow. Lon. 5. o. W. lat 56. a8. N. • Inverness, a fhire of Scotland, com- prehended in Muriay, which fends tw9 members to pariiam«nr, and one for the burg' s of Inverncfs, &c. Inverness, a fea-port town of Scot- land, and capital 01 a county of the fame namr, feated at the mouth of the river Nefs, en Murray Frith, 106 miles N. of Edin- burgh, and to N. E. of Innerlochy. Lon. 4. o. W. lat. 57. -6.N. • Joachmis-Thal, that is to fay, the valley of St. Joachmis, a town and valley o£ Bohemia, in the circle of EInbogen. There was a rich filver minedifcovered in it at the beginning of the fixteenth century. Joanne, an iiland of Africa, and one of the Cameras, feated between the N. end of Madagafcar and the continent of Africa* Here the £. India fhips, bound for Bombay, fiequenlly touch and take in water and freth provifions, it being a plentiful country, and the pec pie very ready to fuppiy them. Lon. 44. 25. E. lat, 12. o. S. • Jo ex LIN, a town of France, in Upper Bretagne, in the bifhoprick of St. Malo ; 20 miles N. E. of Vannes, and 50 S. by W. of St. Malo. Lon. 2. 40. W. lat. 48. «. N* • Johansberc, a town of Poland, in Sudavia, a canton of Ducai PruiTia, with a citadel. It is feated on the river Pycfh. Lon, 22. 59. £. lat. 53. 15. N. John's, it. an ifland of the E. Indies, in Afia, and oi.c of the Fhili -pines. E. of Mindanayo, from which it is fepaiated by a narrow ftrait. Lcn. 125. 25. £. lat. 7. O.N. John'^e, St. an ifland ofN. America, in the bay of St. Lawrence, having New Scot- land on the S. and W. and Cape Breton on the E. The Enghfti got poiTtflion of it when Louifburg was furrendered to them, on July 26, 1758. J-jiGNi, a town of France, in Cham- pagne, and in the diocefe of Sens, with a very handfome caflle. It confifts of three pari(h?9, and is handfcmely fiiuatedon the river Yonne, 17 miles from Sen$ and 15 fron> IP ^ from Auxcrre. Lon. 3. 15. E. !at. 47. 56. N. JoiNviLir, an ancient and con fideraWe town of France, in Champagne, witli the ti- tle of a principatity, and a large, magnifi- cent caftle. It is feated on the river Marne, 45 miles S. W. of Boisle due, and 125 S. E, of Paris. Lon. 5. 10. E. lat. 4S so. N. Ion: A, anciently a province of LcfTer Afia, now called Natalia, The Tuikifh rame of thisprovinte at prefent ij Sarcan. • JoHNii.uER A, a very anLient tov^n of Catalonia, in Ampurdam, feated at the foot of the Pyrennees, 20 miles N. of Gernne, and zo S. of Perpignan. Lon. «. 57> £. lat. 43. 15. N. • JoNQUiERis, a to^*'n of France, In Provence, 11 miles S. W. of Aix, and 10 N. W. of Matfeiltes. Lon. 5. 10. E. lat. 43. 10. N. Jordan, a river of Turky in Afia, and in Palefttne. It rifes in Mount Libanus, and runs from N. to S. forming two lakes, the one fo»merly called the Sea of Galilee, or the lake of Tiberias, and the oibsr the Dead Sea. • JosAPATW, a valley of Palertine, in Afia, between Jerui'alem and the Mount of Olives. It is pretty I0P5, but not bioad, and fome people, miftnking a paiTige ot fcrijjture, believe that this is the place where all mankind are to meet at tiie ctay of judgment, after they haverifen again. • JosAs, a fmall diftridl in the ifle of France, between the rivers Seine and Beauce. • Joseph, St. an ifland of the F.aftern Ocean, and one of t'le Marians, called alfo Sypafi. It is 6 miles in circumference, and is one of the moft populous among tliem. Lat. I 5. 20. N. • Jot' ARE, a town of France, in Lower Brie, with a moft famous and magnificent Benedi(ftine abbey, 8 milt. s from Colcmiers, 10 from Maux, and 35 from Paris. • Jou Y- LE Chatel, a own of France, in Brie, and in theele4 j9< There are alfo 2293 parishes, a6o baronies, and 118 borotighs. * Iron-Ac TON, a village in Gloucef- terflilre, 10 miles N. E. of Biillol, with two fairs, on May 25, and September 13, for cattle and horfes. Irongate Mountains, in Tranfilva- nia, arc pari of the boundary between Chrif- tendoni 4enl -bal fcetl ine| of thel cor] Ind col| T' terl ad| is I S € tendom andTutky, 1ROQ.UOIS, a pe/)ple of N. Amsrlca, in- habiting near and about the lakj Ontario, between the French and EngliiTi ftiitlt!- ments : and they foinetimes fide with either of the nations, as their intercft prompts them ; though, in general, they are fai'i to •be more friendly to the Enghfh, and are commonly known by the name of the Five Indian Nations. Tl eir country is very cold, and iheir religion very fuperAitious ■T'le ufe of fpirituous liquors has much al- tered their manners, and they are extremely addidted to dancing and fports. Their wit is lively enough; but they are fome^hac given to melancholy, and are extremely idle. When the Iroquois go to war, they paint themfelves with various colours, and particularly their faces. They are divided into feveral tribes ; and there are two colo nies of them among the French, who are /aid to be converted to Chiiflianity. Irtis, a large river in Afia, in Siberia, which rifes in the hills of the country of the Calmucks ; and running from the S. to N. E. falls into the Oby, near ToboUk. The •JN.W. (horeis low paAure ground ; on the other ftde, there are a prodigious number of black bears, wolves, and red and grey foxes, befides the beft grey fquirrels in all Siberia. This river abounds with fifh, par- ticularly fturgeons, and delicate falmons. Irwin, a fea-port town of Scotland, in the bailiwick of Cunningham, feated at the mouth of a river of the fame name, on the ;Frith of Clyde, 15 miles E. of the ifle of Arran, and 63 W. by S. of Edinburgh. Lon. a. 55. W. lat. 55. 36. N. Isabella Fort, a fortrefs of the Au- ilrian Netherlands, feated on the W. fide of the river Scheldt, oppofite to Antwerp, jLon. 3. To.E. lat. 5'» 5c. N. There is another fort of the fame name, a miles S. W. of Sluys, in Dutch Flanders. * ls;>BELL AjSr.aniflandof theS. Sea, and the largeft of the ifles of Solomon, ^t was difcovered by the Spaniards in 1568. * IsADAGAs, a town of Africa, in Bar- |)ary, in the kingdom of Morocco, and pro- vince of Efcura. The inhabitants are good- natured and civil to Arangers, for they will not let them pay any thing for thejr enter- tainment. It is feated in a country abound- ing in cattle ; and the honey is very white, and in great efteem. IscHiA, an idand of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, about 1 5 miles in circum- ference, lying on the coaft of the Terra di- iLavoro, from which it is three miles diAant. It is full of agreeable valleys, which produce f;(,<^eUent fruits: UkcwU'e mountains, on I S I which grow vines of ao exquifite kind j alfo fountains, rivers, and fine gardens. * IscHiA, a town of Trdly, in the king* dom of Naplcn, and capital of an ifland of the fame name, v^ith a biAiop's fee, and a ftrons fort. Bo'', the city and fortrefs fland upon a rock, which is joined to the illand by a Arcng bridge j the rock is about 7 turlcngs in circumference. The city is like a pyramid of houfes piled one upon another^ .which makes a very finguiar and ftriking appearance. At the end of the bridge, next the city, are iron gates, which open into a fubterranaous pad'age, through which they enter the city. They are al- ways guaided by foldiers who are natives of the illand. ^oni 13. 55. E. lat. 40. 50. N. * Is E» ST E IN, a fmall town of the Ne- ther lands. It is feated on the river IfTel, 4. miles from Ucrecht. ISKNACH, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper S»xony, from whence one of the Saxon princes tiHes tho tit|e of duke. Theie are iron mines in the neighbourhood* Lon. 9. 17. £. lat. 51. o. N. * IsrNBURO, a large town of Germany^ capital of a county of the fame name, with a handfome caAle ; feated on the river Seine, 8 miles from Coblentz. The countv belongs to the Eleflor of Treves, or Triers. Lon. 7. 14. E. lat. 50. a8. N. * IsxNCHEiN, a town of the Auftrian Netherlands, with the title of a pr';ncipatit]c> It is feated on the river Mandera, 5 miles from Courtray. Lon. 3. 18. E. lat. 50.44. N. * IsERj a confiderable river of Germa- ny, which rifes on the confines of Tirol anjS Bavaria, and, after having pafTed by Mu« nich and Landfchut, falls into the river Da- nube, between Stiauberg andPafTaw, * Is ERE, a river, which rifes in Mouijt EfTerano, on the confines of Piedmont and Savoy, and, after having run for a vaA ex- tent of country, falls into the Rhone, 4 miles below Valentia. ISKNARTS, or ElSENAFTS, 3 COnfiderr able town of Germany, in Auilria, and in Styria, famous for its iron-mines, 40 miles N. W.ofGra:z. ton. 15. 35. E. lat. 46. 56. N. IsBBNiA, a town of Italy, in the king« dom of Naples, and in the county of Moliir, ^with a bifliop's fee. It is feated at the fooc of the Appenines, <2 miles W. of Molife, and 51 £. of Naples. Lon. 14. aoi £, lat* 41. 42. N. IsiGNi, a town of France, in Lower Normandy, with a fmall harbour. It is 15 miles from Ba^eux, and well known on ac- I 11 1 ' ISO cOBtit of Its falt-works, its cyder, and Its butttr. Lon. o. 50. W. lat. 49. zo. N. * IsLK-AoAM, a town of France, with a hanclfomc caAie, and the title of a baron ; Seated en the liver Oife, 3 miles frem Beau- mont, and 10 from Paits. Lon. ». 13 jE Ui. 49 7 N- JsLE DK l^iEu, afmaU ifland of France, in the fca ot Gafcony, and en the coaA of Poitou, fiom which it is 14 utiles W. Loji. ». 5. W, lat. 46. 45. N. IsLE-DE- France, isors of the ii ge- neral governments of Fiai ce; bounded on the N. by I'icardy ; en the W by NT>rman dy 5 on I he S. by tlie gi)veu»-Bcnt of Orlean- nois } and on the E. by that of ChannpaKne. it is about 90 milefi in lenjitli, and as much in brea Uh, and is watered ly the rivers Seine, Marne, Oife, and A»(ne. The air is temperate, and the foil fertile, and it abounds Ln wine, corn, and fruits. It con- tains JO rnull difln^s, and Paris is ttse ca- pita! city. * Isle of Bkkvks, an Ifland of N. America, in the Gulph of Mtxito, and in (he Bay of Campeachy, abi ut 17 miles in length, and 8 in breadth, It is fertile in fc. veral places, and abounds in cattle, and tx £cllent fruits. * IsLE-J<^uRBA!N, a town of Francc, •in Lower Arniagnac, with the title of a county. Lon. i. 8. E. lat. 43 40. N. ISLE-ROYALE, StC Br E T ON, C AT E . ISLEWOKTH, or Th ISTLEWORTH, 3 large viliaj^e in Middkfex, lo miles W. of London, fcatcd on the river Tliames, »nd full of gcnilemcn's feats. IsNY, animpeiial town of Germany, in Suabia, and in Algow ; feated on tht river Jfny, 17 miles N. E, of Lindaw, and 62 S W. of Augiburg. Lcn. 9, 10. E. lat. 4.7. 33 N. * IsNic, a town of Turky in Afia, and in Natolia, with a Greek archbifhop's fee, Jtis the ancient Nice, famous for tl e firA general council held here in 325. There is now nothing remaining of its ancient fplen- ,dor but an aqucduft. 'i hi- Jews inhabit the greatert pnrt of it ; and it is feated in a icountry fertile in corn and excellent wine,7£ miles S, E. of Conlt£*inoi.le. Lon. 30. g. S. lat. 47, 15. N. IsoLA, a town of I aly, in the kingdom ,of Naples, and in the Farther Calabria, with a bifhrp's fee ; feared near the fea, 15 miles S. E.of St. Scverino.. Lon. 17. 33. E. lat, 99. 1. N. * IsoN A, a town of Spain, in Catalonia, 9nd in the vij^uery of Lerida. It is featec" near a mountain, at the fource of a rivulet thai faUs toto the Noguera Pallavefa, ' \ I s s IsPAWAW, a celebrated city of Afij», Mil capital of Fedia, feated in the province of Irac- Agemi, and thought by feme to be th^ fineft city in the Eafl.. It Itands in the mid- dle of a plain, furrounded on all fides witli mountains, at ei^jht miles dirtance, which rife gradually in the form of an amphithea- tre. There is no river except a fmall one, called Senderut, which fupplies almoft all the houfeswith water. It is ao miles in circumfcreiwe, with well built houfes and •flat roofs, on which thty walk, eat, and lie, in the fummer-time, for the fiike of the cooj air. Here are a (jieat number of magnifi- cent palaces ; and that of t* e king is X miles and a half inoircumf«rence. Thereare 160 mofques, i8oo large caravanfaries^ above 260 publi. baths, a prodigious num- ber of coffee- houfes, and very fine bafart and Areets, in which are canals, planted on each fide with trees. The ftrcets are not paved ; but always clean, on account of the drynefs of the air ; for it fcidom rains or - fnows here. The inhabitants were com- puted at above i,ojo,ooo. But, what wi'h inteAine broils, and civil wars, this kingdom is almoA torn 10 pieces ; by which the principal towns are greatly depopulated. Thereare three iaige fubu bs j and that called Julfa is inhabitated by Armenians, Hjftrnabrh by Goergians, and Kebrabath by Pagans. Though it is at a diftantc from V V fea, it carries on 9 great trade, the people of feveral nations reforting there for the fakepf traflick, and the Englilh E, Indiy company, till the troubles of Ferlia arofe. Kouli^han feemed refolved to remove hia court to Mefched ; and fince that time there has been no encouragement for any to fettle there. It is 265 miies N, E. of BufTcrah, 300 S, of the Cafpian Sea, and 1400 S. E. of Confianiinoplc Lon. 52. 55. E, lat. 32. 25. N. IssEL, a river of the United Netherlands, which rifing in WeAphalia, runs N. by Doeiburg, and afterwards by Zutphen De* venter, and Campen, and foon after failf into the Zuider-Ze* by two mouths. issEL theLefs, a river of the United Pro- vinces, which running; W. through Utrecht and Holland, paffes by IffelAein, Montfoit and.Gouda j it then .jri.' S. and falls into the M^efe, a ^il£ auu a half a^ov,e Rotter- dam. IssouDVN, a confiderable town of France, in Berry. It carries on a confider- able trade in wood, cattle, cloth, hats, and Aockings j is feated partly on a plain, and partly on an emmence, 17 miles S, W. of Bourges, and n; S. of Par^. Lon. z. $t E, lac. 46. 57. ^t 1 T A TssoiRK, an ancient town of France fn Auvergne, feated on tlie river Coiize, near the Allier, 13 miles S. of Clermont, and 32 N. of St. Flour. Lon. 3. 25. £. lat. 45. 34. N. Issus, now AjAZZo, a town of Cilicia in Natolia, with a harbour, on the Levant Sea, a little to the N. of Scandemon. Near this place, in a difHcult pafs between the mountains ana the Tea, Alexander the Oreat fought &e fccond bitile with Darius. Lon, 36. 25. E. lat. 36. ;6. N. 1st R I A, a peninfula of Italy, in the ter- ritory of Venice, and lying on the N. part of the guiph of Venice. It is bounded by Carnioia on the N. and on the E. S. and W. by the fea. The air is unwholefome, efpe- cially near the coaft ; but the foil produces plenty of wine, oil, and paftures ; there are alfo quanies of fine marble. One part of it belongs to the Venetians, and tiie reft to the lioufe cf Auftiia« Capo d'Iftria is the capi- tal town. Italy, a large peninfula of Europe, having the Alps to the N. which fcparates it from France and Savoy ; and it is furrounded on all other fides by the Mediterranean Sea. It is the moft celebrated country in Europe, having been formerly the feat of the Ro- man empire, and at prefent of the Pope. It is fo fine and fruitful a country, that it is commonly called the garden of Europe. The air is temperate and wholefome, except in the territory of the Church, where it is very indifferent. The fi il is t'ertile, and produces wheat, rice, wine, oil, oranges, citrons, pomegranates, all fort:i of iruits, flowers, hooey, and (iik ; and In the kingdom of Naples are cotton and fugar. The fo- refts are full of all forts of game, and on the mountains are fine p, fture«, which feed a great many cattle. Here are alfo mines of fulphur, iron, feveral quanies of alnbader, jjfper, and all kinds of marble. Italy is a mountainous country, for befides t^e Alps, which bound it on the N. there are the Ap- pennines, running quite acrofs it from E. to W. as well aa mount Vefuvius, which is a volcano, and vomits flames ; hefules feveral others. 1 he principal rivers are, the i'o, the Tiber or Tivere, the Arno, the Adda, and the Adi :«. The l.ikes are, tlie Lago Maggioie, tht Lago di Como, di Guarr'a, di Lugano, di I'eruKi.i, d'Ifeo, di Bolfc-a. di Dracciano, di Celano, apcl feveral others. As Italv renteffcnts the form of a hoot, from hence it is divided into thita parts ; and the top of the boot contains ancient L-mbardy j in the upper part ot the leg are ne territo- ries of the Church and of Tiifcany, and the fmall of the leg and foot make thu kinijdom 1 T A of Naples ; to thefe may be added a fourtfi part, which comprehends the idands cf Italy, of which Sicily, Sardinia, Corfica, and the ifle of Lippary, are the principal. Others divide the country in this manner^ faying, the top of the boot comprehends the republic of Genoa, Piedmont, the Mila- nefc, (he republic of Venice, the duchiea o» Mantua, Ferrara, Parma, and Modena ) the calf of the leg includes the Marca or Mar the of Ancona, and Abruzzo Ultra 5 the fpur comprehends the Capitanataj the heel the Terra d' Otranto; the fole the Bafili- cata ; the buckle the city of Naples, with the irte Profita and Ifchiaj the duchy of Tuf.any and the territories of the Church leprefent tl e fore prrt of the leg. Befidcs thefe, there are other diitrifts, which will be taken notice of in their proper places; for there is no country in Europe which is fo full of principalities, duchies, marqui> fates, and counties. The archbifliopricki and bilhopricks are alfo very numerous, and there are feveral iamius univerfities. They have only one language, wlii^h is a corrup- tion or the Latin, and is f^id to he mofl pure in Tufcany. They have an inquifition, but not (o feveie as that of Spain ; however, there is no religion tolerated but the fewifh, all the reft cf the inhabitants being Roman Catholics, except the Vaudois in Pied- mont, and a fe^ Proteftants in maritim* towns, who are fufFered to live there on ac- count of trade. Rome is faid fo be the ca- pital city, though fome will hardly allow it. They diftinguifti feveral of them by certain epitnets, as Rome the holy, Naples the nr»- ble, Florence the beautiful, Genoa the fu- perb, Ravenna the ancient, Milan the gtear, Venice the rich, Padua the learned, Bo- logna the fa', Leghorn the tradio'?;, Verona the charming, Lucca the handfome, and Cafal the flrong. But this la(l t as loft its title with its fortifications, for they v*ere demolifhed in 1694. The inhabitants havo a great many good qualities as well as had ones J they are polite, adtive, prudent, in- genious, and politic; bul then they arc luxurious, effeminate, addi£led to the mort criminal pleafures, revengeful, and ufe all forts of artifices to def^ro^-Mti^jr enemies } which produce a great mi^nhcr of aCWTina- tion?. Two things contribute to this.r.s^iJ^v. the fm-dlnefi of the Hates, fo tl>at ihiy can e fily fly from one into another, and the grtat number of af^^lums j for all c!iapels, convent?, ch\irches, and even church-yards, ae pincts of fecufiry. Add to thefe, that thpv are extemely jealous, and keep their wives and daughters always (hut up, info- murh that they cannot go to church without Q^q fome ! i JUC fomcbody to watch them. However, there is no place in the world where impurity abounds fo much ai in Italy, for there are great numbers of bawdy-houfes and cour- tezans, who are tolerated by the magi- Arates. Itzehoa, an ancient and handrome town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and duchy of Holftein. It belongs to the king of Denmark, and is feated on the river Stocr, ii miles N. E, of Gluck- ftadt, and 30 N. W. of Hamburg. Lon. 9. »5.E. lat. 54. 8. N. ♦ Juan de la Fronteha, St. a town of America, in Chili, in the province of Chiquito, near the lake Guanacho. The territory of this town is inhabited by zo,coo rative Americans, who are tributary to Spain. It contains mines of gold, and a kind of almonds that aie very delicate } is feated at the foot of the Andes, 60 miles N. W. of Mendoza, and S8 N. E. of St. Jago. Lon. 66. 35. W. lat. 23. 25. S. Juan de Porto Ricco, an ifland of America, and one of the Caribbees, being xoo miles in length, and 50 in breadth. It belon£,s to the Spaniards, and is full of very high mountains, and extremely fertile val- leys, tnterfperfed with woods, and well wa- tered with fprings and rivulet:>. It produces fugar, rum, ginger, corn, and fruits, partly proper to the climate, and partly introduced from Spain. Bcfldcs, thtrc are fo many cattle, that they often kill them for the fake of the (kini alone. Here are a gieat number of uncommon trees, and there is a little gold in the N. part of the ifland. h is commonly faid (hat the air is healthy, and yet the eail of Cumberland, vvhen he ind taken this ifland, left moft of his men by ficknefs, and for t!iat reafon was forced to abandon it. This happentd in tlie reign of quten Eliza- beth. It IS fuhjed to Itorm*. and hurricanes, like the red cf t!'.L-fe iOjods, and tlie capi- tal town is of the fame name. It lies to tiie E. of Hifpanlold, ai the diftanic of 50 miles. La'. 19 o. N. • JurfH DE PoR TO Ricco, the Capital town of the ifl. e title of a duchy, and is inhabtted by a kind of Tartai:, who aie v«ry Veil tiol Sej kit mil bu| it of I J U M Very favage, and much of the fame difpofi- tion with the Samoides, • IvicA, capital town of the ifland of the fame name, in the Mediterranean Sea, between the kingdom of Valentia in Spain, and the ifland of Majorca. It has a good harbour, and the Eng^lifh gained poflTefllon of it in 1706, Lon. i. 45. E.lat. 38. 42. N. IvicA, an ifland of the Mediterranean Sea, between the ifland of Majorca and the kingdom of Valentia in Spain, about 60 miles in circumference. It is mountainous, but fertile in corn, wine, and fruits; and it is mofl remarkable for the great quantity of fait made here. * IviNGO, a town in Buckinghamfliire, with a fmall market on Fridays ; it is feated in a barren foil, 5 miles S. W. ol Dunflable, and lias two fairs, on April 6, and O£lober ay, for cows, flieep, and hogj. Lon. o. 35. W. lat. 51. 47. N. Julian, St. a harbour of S. America, on the coaft of Fatai^onia, where the (hips uTually touch that aie bound for the S. Seas. *JoLiEN nu Sau'lt, St. a town of France, in Gatinois, and in the diocefe of Sens* It is feated between two mountains covered wirh vines, near the river Jonne, 5 miles from Joigne. JuLiKRs, the duchy of, a fmall terri- tory of Germany, in Weflphalia, bounded en the N. by Gui;li!crland, on the E. by the archbiflioprick of Cologne, on the S. by the territory of Eiffel, and on the W. by the ducliy of Limburg. The principal towns are, Juliers, the capital, Duren, and Aix- la Chipslle. It is fuhjedl to the eleftor Palatine, and is about 6S miles in length, and 30 in breadth, and is remarkable for the great quantity of woad it produces, which is much ufed in dying. * Juliers, an ancient and ftrong town in Germany, and capital of a duchy of the fame name, with a ftrcng citadel. Ic is feated on ;iie river Roer, 15 miles E. of Aix la Chapelle, 17 W. of Cologne, and 27 £. by N. of Ma^flticiit. Lon. 6. 35. E, lat. lo- 55' N- • Jur.PMA, Otn, once the capital of Arme- nia, in Afia, now in ruins, the inhabitants having been tranfplanted to a fuburb of If- pahan, called New Julpha, where they have feveral churches. Thay were brought thi- ther for the fake of trade. • JuMiEGE, a town of France, in Nor- mandy, and in the territory of Caux, with a celebrated Benediftine abbey. It is feated on the river Seine, 12 miles S. W, of Roan, 77 N. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 55 E. lat. 49. • 5. N, JUT • Jon I EN, St. a town of France, in the Lower Marchc, on the frontiers of Limo- fin, ftatcd on the river Vienne, 17 miles W. of Limoges. Lon. i. o. E. lat. 43. 49. N. • JuNSAL AM, a fea-port t»\*n of Afia, in the kingdom of Siam. It is a flielter for all the (hips thai are bound to tlie coaft of Coromandel, wlien they are furprifcd with a ftorm, and is fiated to the N. oi a pretty large ifland of the fame name. Lon, 98. o. E. lat. 8. 56. N. • Jura, one of the weflern ifles of Scoi.- land, ao miles long and 5 bioad. Here are feveral good paftures, with cattle, and plenty of falmon, and the inhabitants are fatd to live to a great age. *IvREA, the marquifate of, was for- merly a territory of Italy, and comprehend- ed Canavez, which is that part of I'icdmont between the Little and Great Doria, Bielz, the weftern part of the Vercelefe, and part of Montferrat ; however, this marquifate does not fubfift at prefenr, for tbai which is now called Canavez is only part of it. IvREA, an ancient and (irong town of Italy, in I^ledmont, and capital of Cana- vez, with a ftrong fort, a bifliop's fee, the Utle of a marquifate, and an ancient caftle. It is fubjeft to the king of Sardinia, and feated on the river Doria, between two hills, 20 miles N. of Turin, and 31 E. by N.of Suza. Lon. 7. 48. £. lat. 45. iz. N. JUHOANTZ. SeeUaCANTZ. • IvRy, a town of France, in Norman- dy, with a Benedifline abbey. In a plain, near this place, the battle of Ivry was fought in 1 590. It is feated on the river Eure, 10 miles from Dreux, and 37 from Paris. Lon. I. 35. E. lat. 48. 43. N. Jutland, a large pfninfuia, which makes the principal part of the kingdom of Denmark. It is bounded on the S. E. hy the duchy of Hohlein, and is furrcunded on ti:e other fides by the Germnn O'cnn and t!;e Baltic Sea. It is abnut 1^0 iT.i'ci in length, from N. to S. and 50 in breadth, from E. to W. The air is very cold, but wholefome, and the foil is fertile in corr» and pallures, which feed a geat number of hotfes and becv.s, which arc fsnt to Ger- many, Holland, and'elfdwiiere. This was anciently called Cimbrian Ciierfonel'e, and it is fui)pofed to be the country fnni when're the Saxons came that conqu'-red England. I' is divided into two pans, called N. and S. Jailand : the latter i-i the duchv of Sief- wick, and lies between N, Jutland and tlie duchy of Holltein ; and the duke of that name is in poflsffion of part of it, whofe Q^q ^ cspl- K A L Mphil town Is Gottorp, for wliicfi reafon the fovereign >» called the duke of HolAcin< Cottorp, * IwANoGORon, a fort of Ruflla, in In- gria, fi'ated on tht river Mara. Lon. 23. so. £■ lat. 59. 8. N. * IxER, or Hi CAR, a town of Sp.-tin, in yVrragon, fe.ited on the river Maifm. Lon. o. 19. W. lat. 41. la. N. * IiQ_uiNTENANCo, » TJch and hand* fome town of N. America, in New-Spain, unci in the province ufChiapa ; the country about it produces cotton and a great num- ber of ananas, or pine apples. efc'l »t^!g!^y .^'^ ^c;^ ^ '•>^g±tlgfeefo:•^^«;e■fel'^^; ;g!fo K. JN. B. Thoft words that begirt ivitb K, and are not found under the letter l^,jhauldie fought for under the letter C. j * T/'AcKERLACKS, in^ahitants of the *^ ifland feated to the S. E. of Ternate, in the Eafl Indies. Some voyagers pretend that they fee better by night than by day, and that, in the day-time, they always keep their eyts half (hut. * Racket I, a tvTiitory of Afia, in(3eor- f.ia, between DugcWlan, Shirvan, Ii van, »nd CarduE.1. Jc has or liad its own prince, who was tributary to the I'trfians, and the capi- tal town is Zig;in. Kaffungcn, a town and monaflery of Germany, in Heffe, near the town of Caf- fel. Lon. 9, 30. C. lat, 51. 15. N. *Kafre Chirin, a town of Perfia, built by king Nouchiri.'Von Aadel, whofe aflions and tayings are the foundations of the Feifian morality. Lon. 53. 15. E. lat. 54. 40. N, * Kaien, a town of Perfia, remarkable for i;s good air, and for the learned men it has produced. Lun. 65. 45. £. lat. 36. zz. N, * Ka iR lovAcou, one of the Caribbee Mands, in Ameiica, ubout ao miles in cir- cumfertnce, It contains a large quantity of gamf, and there is a pond whofe water is as red as blood. Lon. 61. 10. W. lat. jz. so. N. •Katrovan, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Tunis, and capital of a go vernmtncof the fame name j fubjeft to the Turks. Lon. ip. 55. E. lat. 35. 40. N. KaKKNhausen. See Kokenh ausen, * KAi.AAR,a confidcrable tov\n of Ptr fia, in Gillian, whcie they make a large ijuantity of filk. Lon. 58. 45. E. lat. 36. '»3. N. ■ ■ '■ KAN * Kali M BURG, a town of Denmark, \b the ide of Zealand, and the chief place of a confidcrable bailiwick. Lon. 10. ii. £. lat. 55. 44.N. * Kalir, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suahia.and duchy of Wiitemberg, with an old caAie. Lon. 9. 45. £. lat, 48. 38. N. K A L I SH, a province of Lower Poland, with the title of a palatinate. It ia bounded on the W. by the palatinate of Pofnia, on the E by that of Syrad, on the N. by Regal Fru/Tia, and on the S. by Silefia. Kalilh is the capital town. Kalish, a town of Lower Poland, and capital of a palatinate of the fame name, wh^re the Jcfuits have a magnificent col- leee. It is feated on the river Profna, in a morafs, wiiijfi renders it difBcuit of accefs, no miles W, of Warfaw. Lon. 18. o, £. lat. 54. 20. N. * Kalnick, a flrong town of Poland, in the palatinate of Hracklaw. Loo. 39. 18 E. lat. 48. 57. N. Ka LOjOrKALoo, a t jwn of Upper Hun- gary, fubjeA to tiie hoi-fe of Aultria, and feated in a lake, lo miiss S. £. of Tokay. Lon. zo. 15. E. lat. 48. o. N. * Kam AKUR A, a famousidand of Japan, about 3 miles in circumference, lying on the S. coall of Niphon, It is here they confine their great men when they have committut any lanlt. The coa(l of ttiis idand is fo flcep, t^at they are forced to be lifted up by cranes. K A M ( N I c c K, a very flrong town of Po- land, and capital of Podolia, with twoca- flies, and a biHiop's fee. It was taken by the Turks in 1672, who gave it back in 1690, after the tieaty of Carlowitz; is feated on a cra.?gy rock, 100 miles W. of Braeklaw, and 90 S. £. of Lemburg. Lon. J.7. 30. E. lat, 48. 58. N. * Kamschatka, a large peninfula, in the N. part of Afia, between the gulph of the fame name and the fca of Japan. It is the eaAern extremity of the Ruffian em- pire, and of our continent, and is inhabited by different people. Thofe on the S. are colonies from Japan, and thofe on the mid- dle pay tribute to the Ruffians in Ikins and furrs, particularly very large beaver-fkins. To the N. ilicie is a very favage, wild peo- t le, who kill all the Ruffians they can meet with. As this country has not been difco- vered till lately j it is not very well known. Kanjow, a flrong town of Poland, in Ukrain, and in tlie palatinate of Kiow. Ic belongs to iheCoffaiks, and is near the ri- ver Neipei, 6z miies S. by E, of Kiow, and 100 N. £, of Bracklaw, K Low Sala in I 58 S.I 46. Kaniica, an impregnable town of Lower Hungary, capital of the county of Salawar. It was taken by the Imperialiit& in 1690, and it feated on the river Uiave, $8 miles S. W. of Alba Rcgalis, and 100 S. by E, uf Vienna. Lon. 17. 37. E. lac. 46. 2]. N. * Kaposwar, a fort of Lower Hunga- ry* fo called from the river Kapos, tliat wafhes its walls. It is 55 miles W. of Tolna. Lon. 19. 3. £. lat. 46. 38. N. Karcafol, a town of the Ruflian em- pire, and capital of a province of the fame name, feated near a lake, 125 miles S. of i^rchangcl. Lon. 38. 9. E. lat. 5X. 4- N. * Kar G A pot, a province of the Ruffian empire, bounded on the N. by Carelia and Onega, on the E. by Vaga and Uftiog, on theS. by Wologda, an^t on the W. by the lake Onega. It is a country covered with forefls, and full of riv6rs. * Kakhait, a town of France»inBre- tagne, feated on the river Aufer, 40 miles from Breft, 30 from Hepnebon, and 27 from Kimper. Lon. 3. 32. W. lat. 48. 3S N. * Karimins, a town of Beffarabia, at the mouth of the river Nieper, taken by the Ruflians from the Oczacow Tartars, who have fortified it. Kassumbazar, a town of Afia, in the kingdom of Bengal. It is a large place, and much frequented by merchants. The country about is very healthlul and fruit« ful, and the inhabitants are a very induf- trious people, who have many valuable manufaflures. The Englifli and Dutch have fa£lories here, and it is feated on the river Ganges, no miles above Hughly. Lon. 222. 25. £. lat. 24. o. N. * KATHERiNt-HiLL, a place in Surry, near Guildford, where there is one fair, on Oftober 1, for horfes, houfhold goods, and apparel. KAUFrBEuRKM, a free and imperial town of Getmany, in Suabia, whofe inha- bitants confifl of Papifts and Froteflants. K E M s. w. Meat/ Lon. 7. 51. E . lat. 49. 22. N, K.v nil II 1/ t » KeistRTOL'i, a tr)An ol wifferland, 1 kht «.OU|i 1 t>r Ba- dm, wi til a bri(ly(t r the R ', ir»d a cattle It belong!* r 1 1 U-e btfh Con- nance, a nd is ^ m> It!. N . w. f-dltflaw, and 8 S £. of Zurzuai ;h. L i. 40. £. Ut. 47. 10 N. Ka Y SERVE R I>, cr Ke ISEW* i« T, H town of Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia, in tiie diocefe of Cologne, and duc')y of Berg } fubje£t t J the elcitlu ('.il.itinc. The fortifications are demolidied. It is knte<\ on the Rhine, 8 miles N. W. of DuifeMorf, and 22 N. W. of Cologne. Lon. 6. 49 £. lat. ;i. 16. N. * K.EF TKiN, a large village of Afia, iit Syria, 16 miles finm Ahppo, on the road to Tripoly, It gives its name to a large, fertile, well cultivated plain, where they feed a great number of pigeons. Kegwurth, a village in Leicefterfhire, 10 miles S. £. of Derby, and 12 S. W. of Nottingham, with z fairs, on Ealter-Mon* day, and Oiflober 10, chiefly for toys. ^ciL, an important forrrefs of Germany, feated on the river Rhine, uvcr-againH Straf- burg, and was built to defend it, after the defigns of Vauban. Lon. 7. 45. £. lat. 48. 40. >J, Kelia. See Keliangva. KellingtOn, or Kilkhampton, a town in Cornwall, whofe maiket is dif- ufed, but it has two fairs, on Holy-Thurf- day, and three weeks after, for horfes, oxen» fheep, and a few hops, and fends two mem- bers to parliament. It is 15 milts S. of Launceflon, and 213 W. by S. of London. Lon. 4. 38. W. lat. 50. 36. N. Kelso, a town of Scotland, in the (hire of Merfe, or Roxburgh, pleafantly feated on the N. fide of the river Tweed, which divides England from Scotland. It is roc interior to any place in the S. part of Scot- land, and is hal: a mile in length. Here are the ruins of a famous abbey, which fhew it was a magnificent flru£lure. It was founded Jt is feated on the river Wardach, 15 miles | in the twelfth century, by king David. N. E. of Kern; pen, and ■?o S. by W. of j Round Kelfo 'here are fcveral gentlemen's Auglbuig. Lon. 10, 53. E. lat. 47. 57. N.; feats. It is 23 miles S. W. of Berwick, and Katsersberc, a town of France, in Alface, and in the bailiwick of Haguenau, which has belonged to the French ever fin^ e 1548. It is feated in a pleafant country, 25 miles N. W. of Bafle, and 5 N. W. of Colmar. Lon. 7. 25. £. lat. 48. lo, N. Kaysersl AUKHN, 3 town of Gcima ny, in the Lower Palatinate, belonging to the eledlor Palatine; feated on the nver Lauter, 22 miles S, W. of Worms, and 35 256 N. N. W. of London. Lon. 1.20. W, lat. 55. 38. N. * K EMAc, a celebrated fort of Afia, in the territory of Roorr, 17 miles from Ar- zengaian, on the confines c f Natolia. It is feated on tlie river Eupl.r< I veral times taken, but has always recover- ed its liberty. It is feated on the river li- ter, 15 miles N. E, of Lindau, and 45, S. by M^. of Augfl}urg. Lon. 10. 33. £. lat. 47. 47. N. * Ki MPT EN, a territory in the circle of Suabia, in Gitmany, between the bifhop- rick of Aui^ibtiig, and the b.nony of Wal- burg. Ic is nb.'iit 17 miles long and broad, and has no coiifKlerahle place but the towns «:if Kemptcn and KnuH'bcuicn, wliich are imperial. Kendal, a town of Weftmoreland, with a large market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on May 6, for horned cattle { and No- vember 8, for homed cattle, horfet and flicep. It is feated in a valley, among hills, on the W. fule of the river Can or Ken, over which there are two Aone bridges, and one of woocf, which leads to the cattle, row in ruins. It is a large, handfome place, and has two long ftreets, which crofs each other. The church is a fpacious ftruc- ture, fupported by 5 rows of pillars, and la chapels of enfe belonging to it. The free- Ichoolftindson the fide of the church -yard, and is well endowed, having exhibitions to Queen's-college in Oxford. It is noted for its manufadlures 0! cottons, druggets, hats, and Aockings, and is 46 miles S. of Carlide, and 256 N. N. W. of London. Lon. a. 40. W. lac. 54 15. N. * Kennemerlanp, or Kenmer- XAKP, a territory of N. Holland, of which it makes a conAderable part. It lies along the German Ocean, between W. Friefland, Waterland and S. Holland. Alcmer is the princ pal town. * Kennincal, a village in Norfolk, with one fair, on July 7, for cattle and toys. * Kennington, a village in Kent, with one fair, on July 5, for pedlars ware. * KEN0Q.0E, a fort of the Netherlands, in Austrian Flanders, between Ypres and Fumes, 6 miles from Dixmude. It was taken by the French in 1744. Kensington, a village and royal pa - bee, in the county of Middlefex, with handfome gardens; 2 miles W. of London. Kent, an Englifh county, enconipafTcd on all fides by the fea and ihe river Thames, except on the W. fule, where it boiders on K E S Suflex, and Surry. It is 58 miteiin leflgth, and 48 in breadth, and it contain* ^19,340 houfcs, x)s,44o inhabitans, 408 parifhei, and J I matket towns, whereof 7 fend mem- btrt to parliament, which, with a for th« county, make 16 in all. The rivers bcndci the Thames, are, the Medway, the Row- ther, the Stout, the Darien, the Ton, and the Wantrtieim, befides fevcral leflkr ftreamt. The lower part of Kent, where there are fens and marfhes, is very unhealthy, and the agues that are caught continue a long while. It abounds in corn, fruits, and pa- Auics, and the marfhcs are proper to feed cattle and Ihcep. It has iron mines, and is noted for its apples, pears, plums, apri- cots, and cherries, whioh were Aril brought out of Italy. MaidAone is the county- town, but Canterbury andRocheAer ate ths principal. * KiNTSiNoutN, a townof Germany, in the Brifgaw, whofe fortifications wrero demolilhed in 1703. It is feated on the ri- ver Elz. Lon. 7. 51. E. lat. 48. 15 N. * Kerman, a province of Perfla, In Afia, lying on the gulplh of Perfla. Here are fheep, which, after grazing from Janu- ary to May, have their Meeces fall off their backs, and become as naked as fucking pigs j and the inhabitants drive a great trade in their wool. Kerman is the capital town. Kerman, a town of Afia, in Periia, and capital of a province of the fame name. It is 1 20 miles N. of Gombroon. Lon 38. 55. E. lat. 30. o. N. Kerpen, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia, and duchy of Juliers» 14 miles S, E. of|Julier(. Lon. 6. ao. E. lat. 50. 45. N. Kerry, a county of Ireland, bounded on the E. by thofe of Limerick and Cork, on the W. by the Atlantic Ocean, on the N.^ by the river Shannon, which feparates it from Thomond, and on the S. by Defmond, with a part of the Ocean. It is a mountain- ous country, but in many places there are good corn-fields; contains 11,614 houfes, S4 parilhes, 8 baronies, 3 boroughs, and fends 8 members to pailiament. Ardfert is the capital town. * Kesroan, a chain of mountains, in Afia, on the coaA of Syria, which make a part of Mount Libanus. It is cne of the moA pleafant countries in the EaA, as well on account of the goodnefs of the air, as the excellence of the corn, fruits, and all the ne- cefTaries of life. It is inhabited by Maronites, who have a patriarch, and by Cieek Mel- chi'es, who are both good foit of people. Kessfl, a town of the Netlerlanc'.s. In Upper Cueldeiland, wiUi a haniifcims caltle. it trtaty Mieff nvond 51.1 KE.X It WM ceded to the king of rrufTi.i by the trtttyof Utrecht, «n4fii feated on the river Muir, between Ruremonde, or Roer- monde, and Venlow. Lon. 6. i}. E. Uc. 51. 1*. N. • Kisitt.DO,:rt, a village ofCermsny, im the circle of Upp^r Saxony, 3 miles be kaw Drefdfn, remarkable for a viQory gained here by the king of PrufTia, overlhc Saxoni, on December ij, 1745. Kksteven, the S. W. divifion of Lin- . '^In^ire. Keswick, a town of Cumberland, witli a market on Saturdays, and one fair, on Au((ull a, for ieatlier and woolien-y.irn } feated in a valley furrounded with hills, and was well known formerly for its copper mines, which rendered it a confiderahlC place i but it now confins only ofone lon^; Areet, Near this town is dug up gieat plenty of bl.i(;k lead, the fineft in the world. It is 14 miles N. W. by N. of Kendal, and 283 N. N. W. of London. Lon. }■ o. W. lat. 58. 30. N. • KETTr.awf LL, a village in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire, not far from Leeds, with a fairs, on July 6, and September 2, for (heep. Kettering, a town of Northampton fhire, with a market on Fridays, and 3 fairs, on Thurfday before December 21, £after.Thuifday, andO^ober 10, for horfcb and horned cattle. It is pleafantly feated on an afcent, and is a pretty good place, with a feHton-houfe for the juftices, where they fometimes meet. It is 12 miles N. E. ot Northampton, and 71 N. VV, of London Lon. o. 40. £. lat. 52. 22. N. • Kew, a village in Surry, oppofite to Old-Brentford, 10 miles W. of London. Here is a feat, which belonged to the la^e prince of Wales. Kexholm, that part of Finland which borders upon RufTia, and there are feme geo- graphers who would have it depend 0:i Carelia. The lake Ladoga crofTcsit, and di- vides it into two pans ; and by the peace of the North, in 1721, the Swedes were obliged to abandon the beft part ro the Ruf- fians, only keej.ing the worf^, and moft northern. In general it is full of lakes and marlhes, thinly inhabited, and bndly culti- vated. The lake is lao miles in length, and full of fifh. KtXHOLM, or Caret. COR CD, a town of RuiTia, in a territory of the fame name, not very large, hut well fortified, and has a flrong csftle. The houfes are built with wood. It formerly belonged to the Ruf- fians, after which the Swedes had pofl"cflion •f it for a wliole centurv, but i; was retaken ■4 ■' K I D by tic RufTiani in 17 10. Near it Is .1 con. fidcrable falmon ftfli'iry. It is felted on two if].ind., on the N. W. lidc of the lakt Ladoga, 60 miles N. E. of WiSur>;, and 87 N. of l'etrrfbur,r. Lon. -jo. 15. E. 1st. 61. 12. N. Nc^i It i>anijilier tu\>n, ciltcd New Kex'iolm. • Krynsham, n town of .Somerfeifhite, with a m.iiketon Thurfd.iy, and 2 fain, on March 24 and Aiifjijfl 1^, for cattle and cheefe. Il is common'y ciHed .SniDkey Keynfliam, and is feated on the liver Avon, over which there is a bridge, and it has been of note lor mulflers. It is 5 miles S. E, of Biiflol, and 111 W. of London. Lon. s; 4. W. lat. 51. 14. N. • KIAN-N.^N, a province of Afia, in China, bounded on the W. by Honan and Hou-Quang, on the S. by Tihe-Cliian and Kian-li, on the £. by the gulph of Nan- quin, and on the N. by Chantong. It is of vafl extent, and contains 14 cities of the firf% rank, and 9] of the fecond and third, which are very populous, and of the grcateft note for trade in the empire. It is full of lakes, rivers, and canals, and their filks, japanned goods, ink, and paper, are in high efleem. In the city of Chang-hi only there are 200,000 weavers of plain cottons and mudins. * KiAN-St, a province of Afia, In Chi- na, bounded on the N, by Kian-Nan, on the 5. by Hou Qiiang, on the W. by Qjiang- Tong, and on the E, by the mouptains of Tokien. The mountains that lie to the S» are almofl inaccell'iblc, but there are fine val- leys among hem, which are 'acU cultivated. It is watered by brooks, laki^s, and rivers, which abound with fifh ; and there are mine* of gold, filver, leid, iron, and tin. The ar- rack here is excelitnr, but it is more parti- cularly noted for its fine porcelain, which it made at King Teching. * KiBua G, a town of Swiflirland, and in 'he cnnton of Zuiicli, with a cafile. It is feated on tl e river TI.eofT, 12 miles N. E. of Zurich, and 1 5 S. E. of SchaufThaufen. Lon. 8, 50. E. lar. 47. 20. N. K I D n r. R M I N s T E R , a to wn of Worcefler- rtiire, wi'h a mitket on Thurfd.iys, and 3 fairs, on Holy-Tl.utfday, 3 wctks after, and September 4, for horned cattle, hoifes, cheefe, linen, and woollen cloth. It iJ feated under a hill, on the river Severn, io well inhabited, and was particularly noted for woollen m.iniifaflure, called Kidder- mirrtcr ftuffa ; but now carpe!s arc made here, and woolen m-inufaflures of vanous kinc's, they having 00 Icfs than 1000 looms. It is greatly improved of lie, and has a very pood free f.'ool, and an alms-houfc. It is I K I L is I4mi1es S. E. of Bridgenorth, and 128 N. W. of London. Lon. 2. 1 5. W. lat. 5*. aS.N. * Kinc, a town of Afia, c;>pital of the kingdom ol Mccran. Lon. 71. 25. E, lat. 87. 50. N. KinwEitv, a town of Carmarthen- Ihire, in S. Wales, with » markets, on Wedntfdays and Saturdays, and 3 fairs, on May 24, July 22, and Odlober 29, for cows, calves, horfes, and pedlars ware. It isfeated '^n the Severn-fta, and was for merly of note for doathing. It is 8 miles N. of Carmarthen, and 212 W. by N. of London. Lon. 4. 20. W. lat. 56. 46. N. KiELL, a fcrong, rich, and confiderable town of Germany, in Lower Saxony, and capital of the duchy of Holfletn, with a caftle and an univerfity. There is a famous fair held here every year, about Epiphany, and it is feated at the bottom of the bay called Killerwick, at the mouth of the river Swenthin, in the Baltick Sea, 37 miles N. W. of Lubeck, and 50 N. of Hamburg. Lon. 10. 17. E. lat. 54. 26. N. * KiERNow, a town of Lithuania, feated on the Viiia, where the dukes refide. Lon. 35. 21 E. lat. 54. 50. N. * KiGHLEV,a village in the W. Riding ofYorkfliire, 6 miles S. of Skipton, with two fairs, on May 8, for horned cattle,brafs, and pewter j and on November 8, for the fame, and pedlars- ware. KiLOARC, a town of Trelanc^ and cap! tal of a county of the fame name, with a biihop's fee. It is 27 miles S. W. of Dub> lin. Lon. 7. o. W. lat. 53. 10 N. KiLDARE, a county of Ireland, in the province of Leinder, which is 37 miles in ieneth, and 24 inbrearith ; and is bounded on the E by Dublin an.1 \Vicklow ; on the W. by King and Queen's county j on the N. by EaftMeaih ; and en the S. by Ca- therlaugh. It is a rich plentiful countrv, an5t he capital town is of the fame name. It contains 8887 houfes, 100 pariflies, ic baronies, and 4 boroughs. It fends 10 mem- bers to parliament. KiLDRUMMY, a town of Scotland, in the Braes of Mar, and fhire of Aberdeen ; feated on the river Don, 2 5 miles W. of Aberdeen, Lon •».. 35. W. lat. 57. 20. N. * Kii.LESTiNous, a people of N Ame rica, at the bottom of Hudfon's Bay, near Fort Bourbon. Thefe, with the AfTiniboles, are the mod numerous io'iabirarts rf 'his couniry, as well as the moft cor^fiderable They are large, robuft, a£^ivp, and inured to cold and hardfhips, and are very brave vpon ocrafion. They live by hunting, and have no tixed abode. K I L KiLCARREiN, a town of South-Wales/ in Pembrokefhire, with a market on Wed- nefdays, and two fairs, on Aug^uft »i» and November 12, for cattle, h»rfes, and ped- lars ware. It is feated on a tock by the ri- ver Tivey, and is a long town, confifting of one ftreet, and formerly had a caftle, now in ruins j is noted for great plenty of falmons, and is 30 miles N. of Pembroke, and 189 W. N.W. of London. Lon. 4. 4*. W. lat. 5a. 6. N. KiLHAM, a town in the E. Riding of Yorkfliire, with a market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on Auguft 21, and Novem- ber 12, for liorfes and horned cattle. Ic has a dry (ituation on the Woulds, and is a long place, 36 miles N. E. of York, and 198 N. of London. Lon. o; 21. W. lat. 54. 5 N. * KiLiANovA, a fortified townofTur- ky in Europe, in the provm'ce of BeHTarabia ; feated at the mouth of the river Danube, and in an ifland formed by it, where it falls into the Black Sea, 90 miles S. W. of Bia- logrod, and 290 N. E. of Conftantinople* Lon. 30. 20. E. lat 45. 35. N. Kilkenny, a town of Ireland, and ca- pital of a county of the fame name. It is a large (Irong place, and one of the mofl rich, populous, and trading inland towns in Ireland ; confifts of two parts, the Iri(h Town, and the Englifh Town, the laft of which is the principal. It once had a bi- fhop, and the cathedral church is yet land- ing. It is 25 miles N. of Waterford, and 54 S. W. of Dublin. Lon. 7. 15. W. lat* 53. 30. N. * Kilkenny,' a county of Ireland, in the province of Leinfler, which is 40 miles in length, and 20 in breadth. It is bounded' on the E. by CatherUugh and Wexford, on the W, by Tipperary, on the N. by Queen's- county, and on t^e S, by Waterford. It is ore of the bed counties in Ireland, and abounds in towns and caAles, and hath plenty o* all things. It contains 11,379 houfes, 96 parifhes. 9 baronies, and 7 bo- rougtxs. It fends 1 6 members to parliament. The capital town is Kilkenny. * K11.KHAMTON, a village in Corn- wall, near Hartland Point, three miles y. of Stratron, with two fairs, viz. on Holy- Thurfclay, and three weeks after Holy- Thurfday, for horfes, oxen, (heep, cloth, and a few hops. KtLLAi.A, or KiLLALo, s fca-pott to "■'> of Ireland, in the county of Mayo, and province ot Connaught, with abiHiop'* fee. It is 2omiles N. of Cadlebar. Lon. 10 3s. '.V. lat. 54. 8 N KiLLALO, a town of Ireland, in the county KIM count, of Clare, and province of Connanglit, with a biHiop's fee, and feated on the river Sliannon, lo miles N. W. of Limerick. KiLLEVAN, a town of IreianJ, in the county of Monaghan, and province cf Ul- ster, 8 miles S, W. of Monaghan. Lon 7. 42. W. lat. 54. 10. N. * Ki LLMALLocK, z confiderablc town of Ireland, in tlie county of Limerick, and province of Munller. It is 20 miles S. of Limerick. Lon. 9. 12. W. lat. 52. 17. N. KiLLONY, a town of Ireland, in the counry of Sligo, and province of Connaught, feated 6 miles S. cf Sligo. Lon. 7. 45. W. lat. 54, 8. N. KiLL'k n.a'jle, a town of Ireland, in the county of Tipperaiy and province of Munfter, 14 miles N . of Clonmell. Lon. 7. 35. Vv'. lat. 52. 27. N. Ki lmack-Thomae, a town of Ireland, in the county of Waterford, and province of Munlkr, 12 miles S. E. of Waterford. Lon. 7. 22. W. lat. 52. 7. N. * KiLMiNGTON, a village in Devon- fliire, with one fair, on the firft Wcdnefday in September, for cattle. * KiLMiNGTON, a village in Somerfet- fliire, with one fair, on Monday after Au- guil 24, for cattle, horfes, hogs, and cheefe. KiLMORE, a town of Ireland, in the county of Cavan, and province of Uffter, with a bi/Iiop's fee, 3 miles S. W. of Ca van. Lon. 8. 28. W. lac. 53, 58. N. KiLTEARN, a town of Rofsfliire, in Scotland, remarkable for being the burial- place of Donald Monro, who gave P"j chanan tl'e account of the Klands and High- lands of S(;oil3nd, which he has inferted in his hiftory. KiMBOLTON, a town of Huntingdon- Hiire, with a market on Fridays, and one fair, on December 1 1, ior a few cattle and hogs J feated in a battom, and is noted for the cartle of Kimbolton, the feat of the duke of Manchefter; 12 miles S. W. of Huntingdo'i, and 154 N. N. \V. of London. Lon, o. 15. W. lat. 52. 18. N. K.1MI, a town of Sweden, capital of the province of the fame name in LapLnd^ feated on a river ol the fame name, near its mouth, where it Tails into the gulph of Bothnia, 10 miles S. E. of Tornea. Lon. 23. 50. E. lat. 65. 4c. N. Kimi>Lafmark, a province of Swedifli Lapland j bounded on the N. by Norwegian Lapland j on the E. by Ruffian Lapland j on the S. by gulph of Bothnia j and on the W. by Torrea Lapmark. KiMPER, a town of France, in Lower Bretagne, and in the diftrift of Cornuaille, K I N with a bifhop's fee; feated on the river Oder, 30 miles S. £. of Breft, and i0|; W. of Rennes. Lon. 4. 2. W. lat. 47. 58. N. * KiMSKt, a town of Mufcovitc Tar- tary, in Tungufka, about which there are a great number of martens and fabks. KiNK/kRDiN, a town of Scotland, in the fhire of Mar, feated on the river Dee, iS miles E. of Aberdeen. Lon. 2. 22. W. lat* 57. 5. N. KiNKARuiN, a fliire of Scotland, which fends two membeis to parliament j viz cne for the fhire, and one for the burgh of In- verbervie, &:c. KiNGHORN, a town of Scotland, on the fea-coaft of Fife, 9 miles N. of Edinburgh. Lon. 3. o. W. lat. 56. 5. N. Kings-Bridge, a town of Dcvonfhire, with a maiket on Saturdays, and one fair, on July 2c, for horned cattle, cloth, and fhocs. It ici feated at the head of a fmall ri- ver, which foon after falls into the fea, and is but a mean place ; is governed by a port- reeve } and confifts of about 1 50 houfes, chiefly in one tlreet, which is well paved j 20 I miles W. by S. of London. Lo.n. 4. 6 , W. lat. 50. 18. N. • Kings- Bruivipton-, a village in Somerfetfhire, 3 miles N. of Dulverton, with two fairs ; viz. on Wecinefday before Holy-Ti urfday, and on Thurfday feven- nigiit after Oftober 10, for cattle, KiNCJCLE AH, a town in I-IampHiire, with a market on Tuefdays, and two faiis ; viz. on the firft Tuefday in April, and the firft Tuefday after Oftober 10, for fheep. It was formerly the refidence of the Saxon kings, and is feated on the wood lands, 9 miles N. by E. of Bafingftoke, and 52 W. of London. Lon. i. 14. W. lat. 51. 25. Ni KiNGS-Curr, a villa»;e in Northamp- tonfliire, 6 niiles S. of Stamford, with one fair, on Oclober 29, for clieefe, homefpun linen, and turners ware. KiNGs-CoiiHTY, a county of Ireland, in the province of LeinHer, which is 3S miliis in length, ?nd 36 in htearlth. It is bounded on ine N. by Weft-Meaih j on the E. by Kildare ; on the S. b> Queens-County and Tipperary j and on the W. by the ri- ver Shannon. , It is not fo rich as fome other of the counties, nor it is fo well in- habited. The capital town is Philipftown, or Kin^ftown. It contains 1^574 houfes, 56 parinieere is a wooden bridge; js well-built, and has fbveral gr^od inns and taverns for the reception of flrangers. Sometimes the afTues are held here. It is 7t miles W. of London. Lon. o. »i. W. iat. 51. z8. Kingston, a town of Ireland, in the province of LvinAcr, and capital of Kings- County, J 5 mijes N. W. of Kildare. Lon. 7 »o. W. Iat. 53. 15. N. It is other wife called Philips town. Kingston, a town of Jamaica, in Ame- rica, feaied on the N. fide or the bay of Port- Royal. It was built after the j;reat earth- quake 'n 1692, and is now a largs thriving place, about a mile in length, and half a Tnile in brtadth. ji is Uid out into little /quares and crofs-fireets, and has one church. The Jews have two fynagogues here, and the Qaakeis a meeting houfe. ^t is a place of good trade, and is much re forced to by merchants and feamen, be- caufe mod of the Hiips come to load and un- load (heir cargoes here. Lon. 75. 51. W. ht. 17. 40. N. '^ • Kington, or Kynkton, a pre'ty large town in Herefoid^ne, with a good trade in narrow cloths. It has a large mar- ket on Wednefdays, berides4 fairs; viz. on Wednefd^y before Eafter, Whit-Monday, ^iiKurt J, and September 4, for horfes and cat'le. it is 15 miicb N. W. of Heieford, and 145 W. N, W. of London. Lon. 3. 5. "W. Iat 5J. 10. Ij. Kinross, a town of Scotland, in the (hire of Fife, f?afed on the lake called Lough-Leven, zo rpiles N. of Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 7, W, Iat. 56. 15. N, Kinsale, a fea-port (own of Ireland, in the county of Cork, and proyince of Munfler. It is a very populous trading place, and has an e^cellept harbour, 14 miles S. of Cork. Lon. i. zc„ W. Iat. ci. ja. N KiNTOKK, » pwn of S:ctland, in tt.e K I R county of 'Aberdeen. Lon. 2. 5. W. ht, 57- 38-N. Kior, or Kiow, a confiderable town of Poland, and capital of the Ukrain, in the palatinate of the fame name., with an arch- bifhop's fee, and a caAle. It belongs to Rtiffia, and carries on a confiderable trade, and the Papifts have 4 churches here. It is divided into the Old and the New Town, and feated on the river Neiper, 165 miles N. of Kaminieck, and 35 £. by S. of Warfaw. Lcn. 31. 51. E. Iat. 50. %%. N. KiOGE, or KoGr, a town of Denmark, in the iHe of Zealand, with an harbour, which rent^eis it a trading place, 10 miles S. of Copenhagen. Lon. 11. 15. E.lat. 59. 30. N. *KipMASH, a village in Norfolk, with one fair, on July 24, for fheep. * KiPSCHACH, or Kafsac« a large country, partly in Europe, and partly in Afia, lying betvtreen the rivers Jaick and Nieper. It abounds in coin and cattle, and is under the dominion of a khan, who gO' verns feverai other provinces in Rufl'ia. The inhabitants are warlike, and it is the true country of the Coflacks. Serai is the capital town. KlRBY-LONCSDALE. ScC LON 6S DALI. KiRBY-MooRsiDE, a town in the N. Riding of YorkOiire, with a market on Wednefdays, and two fairs ; on Whit-Wed- nefday, for horned cattle and horfes ; and on September 18, for fheep, wcollen and li> nen cloth. It is feated on the edge of the moors, near the river Dow, 26 miles N. of York, and zzo N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 40. W. Iat 54. 20. N. KiRBV Stiphen, or Kirkby Ste- phen, a town in Weftmoreland, with a market on Fridays, and two faii.s ; viz. on the firft Monday in March, and Oftober 29, (cr horned cattle. It is feated near the (Icirt oi'thehilh, which feparate this county from Yorkshire, and has a handfome church ; and alfo a manufadlure of itock- \r\v,s. It is 9 miles S. of Appleby, and 223 N N. W, of London. Lon. a. 53. W.Ut. 54. 26. N. * KiMCHBF-RG, a territory of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, lying near Ulm, and belongs to the haufe of Auftria. ICiRCHBERG, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, feated on the river Danube, 9 miles S. of Uim, and fuhjeA to the I oufe of Auftria, being in the county of tlie fame name- Lon. ao. o. £. lar. 48. zo N. Kirkaldy, a town of Scotland, in the fliire of Fife, feated on the Frith t>f Forth, 10 miles N. of Edinbuigh. Lop. 3. o. W, Iat. 56. 8. N, . . . K L E KtRKCvDiRioHT, a fed -port town of ScotUnd, in the county of Galloway. It is feated on a bay of the Iri(h Sea, 60 miles W. of Carlifle, and 8 j S. W. of Edinburgh Lon, 4. 5. W. lat. 54. 38. N. • KiiKcunBRiGHT, a (hire of Scot- land, whicli fends 2 members to parliament ; I for the (hire, and i for the burgh of New Galloway, Sec. KiRKHAM, a town in Lancafhire, with a market on Tuefdays, and two fairs } on June 24, for horfes and herned cattle ) and on October 18, for toys and fmall wares; feated on an arm of the fea, called the Rib- ble, and is adorned with a handfome church. It is 18 miles S. of Lancafler, and 191 N. N. W. of London. Lon, z. 40. W. lat. 5V4S. N. • KiRKHAM, a village in the E. Rid* ingof Yorkfhire, 4 miles S. of New Malton, with one fair, on Saturday before Trinity. Sdnday, for (heep, brafs, pewter, hard ware, pots, and fmall ware. KiRK-OswALp, a town of Cumberland, with a nnarket on Thurfdays, and two fairs ; on Thurfday before Whitfunday, and Au- gu(l 5, for horned catttle. it is feated upon a hill, near the river Eden, and had a hand- fome caftle, now demolilhed. Lon. z. lo. W. lat. 54. 2S. N. Kirkwall, a town of Scotland^ and ca- pUal of the idand of Mainland, one of ihe Orkneys. It is 45 miles from Dungfby- Head, the moft N E. promontory of Scot- land. It conlilU of one ftreet, formerly had a caflle, and has now a ftately church. Lon. o. 45. W. lat. 58. ^3. N. Kir TON, a town of Lincolnfhire, with a market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on July 18, and December ii,- for all forts of cattb an;i (^oods ; feated on the edge of Lineoln-Heath, ao miles M, of Lincoln, and 1 36 N. by W, of London, Lon. o. 45. W. lat. S3. 33. N. • K ISM IS If, an idand of Afia, oti the Gulph of Perfia, which is about 50 miles in length, and 5 in brearlth. It is feitile, and well inhabited, and has been extremely remarkable for its pearl fi(hery. K t A T T A w, a town of Bohemia, 46 miles S. W. of Prague. Loo. 13. 36 E.Jat. 15. 33 ■ N- • Kletgow, a tetriitory on rheconfinos of SwiiFerland, which comprehends the bai- liwick of Newhafsn, with feveral others. • Klxttenberg, a town of SwifTer- land, feated on ilie river Are, 3 miles from Walihut. It belonjts to the bifhop of Con- Aance as to jurifdiAiun, but the fovereignty belongs to the Canton*. L«n. 8. n. E. lat. 47 35- N- IC O L KNARKSBOReuGH, H toWH in tTie It, Riding of Yorklhire, with a market on Wednefdays, and iix fairs ; on Wedneftfay alter January 24, and Wcdnefday aftef March ix. May 6, Wednefday after Auguft iz, Monday afer Augiut 10, and Decem- bf.r 13, for horned rattle, hoifts, hogs, and Iheep. It IS dcii bitants enjoy a confide: able trade, and is 34 miles W. of Hereford, and 147 N. W. of London. Lon. 3. o. W. lat. 5a. 45. N. * Knotsforh, a town in Che(hire» with a market on Saturdays, and two fairs ; on July IC, and November 8, for cattle and drapery goods. There are two towns of this name pretty near together, called the Higher and Lower. In the Higher is the parifhchurch, and in the Lower a chanelof eafe. It is 7 miljs N. E. of Northwich, and I ;4 N. N. W. of London. Lon. a. 25. W^ lat. 53. 15. N. KOEDACH. See KUDACH. KoeI'Tacheov, a prsvince of Afia, in Ch na, and one of the fmalleft in that em* pire. It contains 10 cities of the firft rank>~ and 38 of the 2d and 3d, and is full of in- acce(ribte monntains. It is inhabited by .t people who are independent, and who would never fabmit to the laws of the em- pire. However, the emperor has found means to bodd forts therein, and garrifoM fome of the towns ; bat all tlie taxes they can raife here will not defray the cxpence. This province is remaikable for its copper- mines, and between the mounta'ins tlier* are feveral fiuiiful vallies, 'I hey h^ve no fi!k, nor cotton, and therefore they make their cloth of a fortofgrafs, like hemp. The co'.vs and Rags are plenty, and the beft horfes iri China. * Kokknm AusEN, aftrong town of Ln vonia. in the province of Letten, feated on the liver Dwini, with a caftle. h belong* to Ruifii, and is 42 mileoS. of Riga. Lon. 26. 3. E. iat. 56. 40. N. Kola, a town of RufTia, and capital of Mufcovite Lapland, with a good harbouf, near theTrozen Sea, and at Chc mouth of n R r 4 fivei i I II ^Mi' K O N river of the fame name, Lon. 35. 17; E, In. S^ s8-N. • KoLLOMENSKA, 8 town of the Ruf- r- in empire, in the neighbourhood of Mof- cow, which is pltafantly featcd on an emi- nence, Lon. 39 53. E. lat. 55. aS. N. KoNf5 AL, or KoNGE I,, » town of Nof way, in the government of Bahuys, feated on the river Gotelba, belonging to the Swedes Lon ii. 35. E. lat. 57. 50. N. • KoNicrr. UTTER, a town of Germa- ny, with a celebrated abbey, in the territory of Brunf.vick-Wolfenbuttlc. Lon. 10. 31. E. laf. 52. 2. N. • KoNiGSBuRC, a town of Germany, in the circle of Tranconia, belonging to the lioufe of Saxe-Weymar, 3 miles N. W. of Swenfovdv Lon. 10. 37. E. lat. 50. 6. N, KoNiGSBURG, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and mirquifate or Brandenburg, 59 milesS.of Stetin. Lon. 15. o. E. lat. 53. o. N. • KoN iGs 7 ELD, a bailiwick of SwifTer land, depending on the canton of Bern, which is very rich. KoNiNGSBERG, 3 town of Poland, and capital of Regal FruiTia, with an univetflty, and a magnificent palace, in which is a hall %-j4 feet long and 59 broad, without pillars to fupport it, and a handfome library. It contains 3S00 houfes, and 40,000 inhabi- tants, and the prefent king of Pruflia re ceived homag'S of the inhabitants in 1740. The town-houfe, the exchange, and t he cathedral church are all very fine ftriic tures. The tower of the caftle is exceeding high, and has 284 ftcps to go to the top, from whence there is a very diftant pro- fpeft. There are t8 churches in all, of which 14 belong to the Lutherans, 3 to be Calvinifts, and one to the Papifls. It 8 feated on the river Pregel, near the fe.i, 6i miles N. E, of Elbins;, and 125 N. of Warfaw. Lon. ar. 35. E. lat. 54. 42. N. KoNtNGocRATZ, a townof Bohemia, eated on the river Elb, with a bifliop'sfee j 55 miles S. W. of Glatz, and tis N. hy W. of Viennaj Lon. 16. 15. E, lat. 50 10. N. KoNiNGSHOFHK, a flfongtown of Ger many, in Franccnia, with a bifliop's fee. It is 15 miles S. W. of Wiitfberg, and as N. W. of Bamberg. Loo. 9. 43. £. lat. 49 38- N. KoNiNosTEiN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and territory of Mifnta, with an impregnable fort. It is feated on the river Elhe, 10 miles S. E. ot Perne, and 14 S. of Drefden. Lon, 13. i. £. lat. 50. 56. N, «. ^* KoMiTZ, a town of Poland, in Regal K R E Pniflia, 10 miles N. W. of Culm, ar\8 50 S. W. of Dantzick. Lon. 18. 40. E. lat. 53. 36. N. * KoppKRSBKRG, the name of 3 town and mountain of Sweden in Dalecarlia, where there are rich mines of copper, which bring in a confiderable revenue to the king of Sweden. SeeFAHLuN» KoppiNG, ."• town of Sweden, in Wert- manland, feated on the Mellar lake. Lon. i6. 40. E lat. 59. 38. N. * Kopys, a fmall fortified town in Li- thunia, and in the palatinate of Mfciflaw, feated on the river Neiper. Lon. 21. 33. E. lat. 54. 30. N. * KoRSAw, or KosoA, a town of Den- mark, in the ifle of Zealand, with a fort, 35 miles W. uf Copenhagen. Lon. 10. ao. E. lat. 55. aa. N. KoRsuM, or KoRSON,a town of Ruffia, in the Ukrain, feated on the river Rofs. The Poles were defeated near it by the Cof- facksini588. It belongs to RufTia. Lon. 31. 20. £. lat. 49. 3. N. * KosAL, or KossEi, a fortified town of Silefia, and in the duchy of Oppelin, near the river Oder, between Little Glo- gaw and Buten. Lon. 31. a6. £, lat. 49. 30. N. KowNO, a town of Poland, in the dti- chy of Lithuania, and palatinate of Troki, feated on the rivers Wilna and Niemen, 40 miles W. of Wilna. Lon. 18. o. E. lac. SS- 5' N. Krainburg, a town of Germany, in the circle of Bavaria, feated on the river Inn, 35 nailes E. of Munich. Lon. 11. 20. £. lat. 48. 15. N. Krainhurg, a town of Germany, in the circle of AuAria, and duchy of Car- niola, feated on the liver Save, 18 miles N. W. of Lnubach. Lon. 13. 20. E. lat. 46. 42. N. * Krainowitz, a town of Upper Sile- fia, in the province of Troppaw, between Ratibor and Troppaw. Lon, aS, 12. E. lat. 59. 10. N. Kr A INS LAW, n to'vn of Poland, in the province of Red Rclfi.i, and palatinate of Chelm, no miles S. E. of Warfaw. Lon. 23. o, E. lat. 51. 15. N. * Krapitz, a town of Silefia, in the duchy of Oppelin, feated on the river Oder. Lon. 18. 5. E. lat. 50. 38. N. * Krfkvthi:, a town of Carnarvon- fhire, in N. Wales, with a maiket on Wed- nefdays, and 3 fairs, en May 23, July ai, and Od^ober 18, for cattle, It is feated on the Irifh Sea, near Traeth-Am^wer bay, or harbour, where a ca.Tle formerly flood, now in ruirs. It is a fmall place, though a cor- K U T LAD • corporation, ti miles S. by E. of Carnar-|a rffi(;^hiurlng mountain, It is ^7 milej von, and 203 N. W. of London. Lon. 4. jg. W. lat. 52. 47. N. Krempem, a ftrong town of Denmrjik, in the duchy of Holftein, with a caitle. It is 30 miles N. W. of Hamburi», 60 W. of Lubeck, and 5 ti. of Glukfladt. Lon. 9. ai. E. lat. 54 3. N. Kr EMS, a town of Germany, in xh". cir- cle of Audria, feated on the river Danube. It is 35 miles W. of Vienna. Lou. 17. 45. £. lat. 48. zz. N. « Kriezow, a flrong town of Lit'iui- nia, in the palatinate of Mfciflaw, wirli a hi (hop's fee. Lon. 33. i5.£. lat. 53. 50. N. * Kriswick, a town and ca(\le of Pa- land, and in Jut^avia, in the palatinate of Brzefcia, feated on the lake Gupfo. It is the country of the famous Piaft, who, from a pIouj(hman, was raifed to a kingdom. Lon. 18. 57. E. lat. 52. 34. N. K R u M L A w, a town of Germany in Mo • ravia, 50 miles S. W.of Olmutz. Lon. 16. o. E. lat. 49. o. N. * Kuban-Tartar s, a people who in- habited the borc-lers of a river of tlie f-ime name, and their manners are much the fami with thofe of the Crim-Tartars. Tley have a khan of their own, who can fend 40,000 men into the field. * KuDACH, a flrong fort of Poland, in the Urkrain, and in the palatinate o( Kio- via, feated on the river Neiper, and belongs to tlie Coffacks. Lon. 35.45* E. lat. 47. 58. N. KuF STEIN, a fmail, hanf'fome, and ftrong town cf Germany, in 'he Tyrol, with a ftrong caftle, bi-iiton a rock. It is feated on tlie river Inn, 35 miles N. E, cf Infpruc, and 50 S. by E. of Munich. Lon. 12. 11. E. lat. 47. 20. N. KuR, a river of Afia, in Pcrfia, whxh fifes in mount Caucafus, and pnflinjr by Te flis, Zaean, and Adirbeitzan, falls into tl)e S. E. oi i'lague. Lon. 15. 37. E. lat. 49, 56. N. *Kv(. nuRn, a town of Germany, in the ijleftoratR of Trcvc-?, f^ntert ookthe riyer Kyll, 70 miles N. W.of Treves. Lon. 6. 37. E. ]rt. 50. 1 N. Ky.neton, or KiNETov, a town of Warwijkfhiie, wi h .nmail^et on Tutfdays, and one fair, on J.i;>uary 25, for feed corn. It is (eated on 3 b'nnjii oi the river Avon, and is but a fmall place, remarkable for a battle fou.;ht at Edije hi!, between the king and parliament- in O^^nber 164a. It is 12 miles S. of VVarwi.k, and 73 N. W. of London. Lon. i. 30. W. lat. 5*. 15. N. I" * T A A, Laae, or Lahab, a town of ^-^ Germany, in Auftria, feated on the river Te; .n, 27 milts N. W. of Vienna. Lon. 16 I. E. lat 4S. 43. N. * Labadia', a ftiong 'own of Italy, la the Polefino de Rovigo, fubjeft to the Ve- netians. It is feated on the river Adige, 1 5 miles W. of Rovigo, and 20 N. W. of Fer- rara. Lon. 11. 38. E. lat. 45. 5. N. * La E I A, a town of Turky in Europe, in Servia, 62 miles S. W. of MifTa. Labiau, a fmall town of Ducal Pruflia, in a circle of the fame name, feated at the mouth of ths river Deime, near Curifch- haff, with a ftrong caille, two fides of which are furrounded with water, and the other with a wall and ditch. It is 30 miles N E. of Koningfburg. Lon. 19. 56. £, lat. 55. 17. N. La BOUT. SccLavort. * LAnouRO, a territory of France, in Gafcony, which makes part of the country of the Bafques, l>ing on t!ie fea-fide. It Cafpian Sea, after having united its llrjams I ibou.'idi in fruit, and the inhabitants are with the river Arras. ifaid to be she tiift that v;tnt to fifh for * KuRAB, a townof Afia, in Perfia, art'. ; whales. B.\onne is the capital town. LAnnADOR. See E.'.Ki MEAUX. Lacedemon. SeeMissiTRi, * Lack, or Hischoffs-Lack, a town of Germsny, in the circle of Auftria, and capital of the province of Kefc.ir, 2. mi!s.s from the Cafpian Sea. Lan. 50. 15. E. lat. 37. 36. N. • Kurgan, a river of Afia, in Perfii, which has i's fource in the province of Co-iin Carniola, which is ttie principal in alt rafan, and, after wateiin<; ths province of Aflrabad, falls into the Cif; iin Sea. that diflrift. Here is not only a great deal of iron, fteel, quickfilver, and corn, but a • KuSMA-DAMt ANsi'-i, a town of t'lei large quantity of linen is ma^e here, and Ruflian empire, in Taitary, 32 mileo N. E. |fent to Fiame and Trieft. Iris r 1 miles W. cf Vafigolorod, and 3 frcm rle river Wolga. N. W. of L-uback, and 36 N. of Trieft, L^n 51. 30. E. lat. 55. 2. N. i Lon. 15. 5. E. lat. 46. 24. N. Ku TTENBEBT,, a town of Bohemia, re- 1 LARSNnwR'i, a tovn of German}', in rnarkable for its filver-mines, vvbich are in 'the palatinate of the Rhine, feated on the i river LAG rWerMeckar, 8 miles N. W. of Heidelberg. It belongs to the bithopiick of Worms and the elector Palatine. Lon. 8. 41. £. lat. 49. 17. N. Ladoga, a town of the Ruflian empire, feated on a great lake of the fjme name, which has a communication with the gulph of Finland, by the river Nieva, and it abounds in filli, particularly falmon. Lon. 33. 29. £. lat. 60. c. N. Ladogna, or Lacedogna, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in th«; Capitanata, with a bifhop's fee. It it 55 miles E. of Naples. Lon. 15. ii. £. lat. 41. 16. N. La DRONE Islands, are inands of the S. Sea, about 1800 miles E. from Canton in China. They were firft difcovered by Magellan, a Portuguefe, who found out the S. W. palfa^^e to the E. Indies in 1 510. He touched firft at the idand of Guam, where (he natives ftole fome of his goods, which caufed bim to give thefe iflands the name of Ladrone, or Thievi(h IHands. They have one fruit here which feems to be peculiar to thefe parts, which Dampier calls the bread-fruit ; it grows on trees as high as the largeft apple-trees, and in the fame manner as applet. It is as large as a penny loaf, and is round, ;<'ith a thick, tough rind. The natives ufe it inOead of bread, and they gather it when it is full grown, but not ripe, and then they bake it in an oven. When the black cruft is fcraped off, the in- fide is foft, tender, and white, like the crumb of a penny loaf ; for there are no feed* or ftones in the infide. • Lagxridgb, a village in Somerfet- fhire, with one fair, on Augud 2, for cat- tle. • Lacny, a town of the Ide of France, with a famous Bensdi£Vine abbey. It is feated on the liver Murne, 10 miles from Meaux, and 15 E. of Paiis. Lon. z. 45. £. lat.. 48. 50. N. Lagos, a fea-port town of Portugal, in the kingdom of Algarve, with a caftle near the fea, where there is a good harbour, and where the English fleets bound to the Straits ufually take in frefli water< It is 110 miles S. of Lifbon. LoHt 8. 5. W. lat. 36. 45. • Lacvma, or San Christovat. pb lA Laguna, a handfome town of the idand of Teneriff, one of the Canaries. It 1% feated near a lake of the fame n»me, on the declivity of a hill, and contains fine build ings and a beautiful fquare. Lon. 16. zi. W. lat. a8. 30. N. • Lagunks of VBNicf, are mardies tr lakes ir. Italy, on which Vtntce is feated. LAM They communicate with the fea, and are the fecuriy of tlie city. There are about 60 idands in ihefe Lsguncs, which together make a bidiop's fee. Eurano is the moft coniiderable, next to thofe on which Venice (lands. La HOLM, a fea-port town of Sweden, in the province of Gothland, and territory of Halland, feated near the Baltic Sea, with a caftle and a harbour, 10 miles S. E. cf Hclmftadt, and 50 N. of Copenhagen. Lon. ij. 13. E. lat. 56. 35. N. Lahor, a large town of Afia, in Indo- ftan, and capital of a province of the fame name, and one of the moft confiderable in the Mogul's dominions. It it of a vaft cir- cumference, and contains a great number of mofques, public baths, caravanfaries, and pagods. it was the reddence of the Great Mogul, but dnce the removal of the court, the fine palace is going to decay. There is a magnificent walk of drady trees, whi (lament. The chief ornaments of (he town are, the church, caAle, brid.;e, and town- hall. It is 68 miles S. of Carlifle, and 233 N. N.W. of London. Lon. a. 44. W. lat. 54. s- N. * Lancerotta, an ifland of Africa, and one of the Canaries, being 32 miles in length, and 22 in breadth. The ancient in« habitants were negroes, who were very ac- tive, Arong, and fwift of foot. There are a ridge of hills run quite through it, which only ferve to feed goats and fheep, which are pretty plenty. They have few cattle, fewer camels, ai:d a very few fmall horfes. The valleys a^e dry and fandy, and yet they produce a little wheat and barley. It is fub- je£t to Spain. Lon. i3< 5. W. lat. 28.40. N. Lanciano, a confitJerable town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Hither Abruzzu, with anarchbifliop'sfee ; famous for its fairs, which are held in July and Au- guft. It is feated on the river Feltrino, near that of Sangro, 17 miles E. of Chivita- diChieti, and 87 N. E. of Naples. Lon. 15. 5. £. lat. 42. 12. N. Landaff, a town or village of Glamor- ganfliire, in S. Wales, with a bifhop'sfee, and on that account has the title of a :ity. It has no market, but two fairs, on Febru- ary 9, and Whit-Monday, for cattle and Aockings. It is feated upon an afcf nr, on the river TafF, or Tave, near Cardiff ; but the cathedral Aands on a low ground, and is a large, Aately building. It is 30 miles N. W. of BriAol, and 148 W. of London. Lon. 3 20. W. lat. 51. 33. N. Landau, an ancient, handfome, and very Arong town of France, in Lower Ai- face ; formerly imperial, and did belong to Germany till the treaty of MunAer, but is now fuhjeft to France, liis feated on the liver LAN i river Q»ie!ch, in a pleaf,in% fertile country, 9 m;lts S. ot" Nirwiiadt, and 270 E. ot Pa- lis. Lon. 8. 12. E. lat. 49. 12. N. * Landelok, a vill.igi. of Caunarilicn- fliire, in S. Wales, wiili one fair, on Jone ai, for cattle, licrfes, fliccp, and wool. La K DEN, a town of the Au.'irian Netlicr- land: , in Brabatt, famous for a baMie gained over the French by the Allies, in July 1693, wherein 20,000 men were killed, it is feated on the river Deik, 17 miles N. W. of Huy, and 18 N. E. of Namur. Lon. 5. 5.E. lac. 52. 4.5 N. • Landernk Au, a town of France, in Lower Bietai;ne, featedon the river EJhoro, so miles E. of BieA. In an inn there is a %fvell which ebbs and flow.s like the fea, but at contrary times. Lcn. 4. 1 3. V/. lat. 48. S5.N- * La N DBS, a tcirKory of France, in Gaf- cony. ic io a f.^ndy countiy, and full of fern, and Oax is tt>e capital town. • Landrake, a vilLij^c in Cornwall, with two fairs, on May 29, and Augud a 5, for horfes, oxen, fr.eep, cloth, and a (ew hops. LANnREcv, a town of ihe Fiench Ne- ; Wiltftiire, in an open coun ry fit for hunc- thcriands, in Hainault, cded to Fiance by jing, 7 niiics N. by W. of Hungerford, and the treaty of the I'yrcnneti, and is now very I 57 W. of London. Lon, i. 25. W. lat. 51* well fortified. It was believed by prince 133. N. Eugene in 1712, but to nu purpofc; j is Langeac, a town of France, in Lower feated in a plain, on the river S.-inibre, i6jAuvergne, featcd near the river Allier, miles S. W, of Mauheugt-, and 100 N. by jamong mountains, 17 miles E. of St. Flour, E. of Paris. Lon. 3. 47. E. lat 50. 4. N. land 42S.by E. ofCleimont. Lon. 3. 35, L A N of Brandcnburi?. It is feaJed on the tivef War a, 3a miles N. E. of Franckfort upon the Oder. Lon. 15. 32, E. lat. 51. 56. LANDSPERG,a town of Germany, in the circle of Bavaria, fta:ea near the river Led), »3 miles S. of AugiLurg, and is fubjeft to the duke of Bavaia. Landstul, orNANSTUL, a town of Germany, in the Wafgow, wii'. a firong ca- ftle, feated on a rock. It lies be ween Deux- Ponts and Keifer Cautern. Lon. 8. 45. £. lat. 49. 15. N. Lanerk, a borough town of Scotland, in tt.e county of Clydcfdale, feated near the liver Clyde, ^m^lesS. W. of Hamilton, and 20 S. E. of Gljfgow. Lon. 3. 31. W. lat. 55. 40. N. * Lanerk, a (hire of Scotland, which fends a members to parliament ; one for the Hiirc, and oneior the burgh of Glafgow. * LA^cBORN,o^ Lamborn, a town in Berkibi.e, which has three fairs { viz. on May 12, Odtober a, and December 4, for horft's, youn[', loals, cows, bouts and (hoes. It is pleafantly fictcd rear the confines of • La Nns CROON, a fort of Fiance, in Upper Alface, and in Suntgaw, 3 miles from Bafle, feated upon an eminence. Lun. 7. 3a. E. lit. 47. 36. N. Landscroon, a fea-port town of Swe- den, in the province of S. Gothland, and territory of Schonen, feated on the Bal- tic Sea, within the Sound, 22 miles N. of Copenhagen. Lon. 14. %o. £. lat. 55. 4a. N. *LANnsDowN, a place in Somerfetfhire, near Bath, with one fair, on 0<5tober jo, for cattle and cheefe. Landshut, a ftrong town ot Germany, in Lower Bavaria, with a itiong callle, on an adjacent hill. It is featcd on the river Ifer, 35 miles S. of Ratifbon, and 35 N. E. of Munich. Lon. r. 1 5. E. Lr. 48. 23. N. There is another fmall town of the fame rame in Silefia, and in the duchy of Schweidnitz, feated on tie river Zieiier, which falls into the Bauber : and theie is alfo another in Moravia, feated on the river Morave, on the confines of Hungary and Aulliria. Landsperg, a town of German}-, in the ciiclcof Uppei Saxony, and in the Maiche E. lat. 45. 5. N. Lang EL AND, an ifland of Denmark, in the Baltic Sea, in the (freight called the Great Belt, and between Zealand. Saland, and F)onia. Ic produces plenty of corn, and the principal town is Rutcoping. Lon. 11. ' 10. E. lat. 55. o. N. • Langetz, a tcown of France, inTou> raine, noted for its excellent melons. It is feated on the river Loire. 10 miles from Tours. Lon. o. 23. £. lat. 4a. ao. N. • Langiona, a laige, rich, and ftrons: town of Afia, capital of the kingdom of Laos, with a large and magnificent palace, where the king refides, feated on a fmall river, 140 miles N. W, of Alva. Lon. 96. 45. E. lat. 22. 38. N. • Langon, a town of France, in Gaf- cony, and in Bazadois, feated on the river Garonne, with the title of a marquifate, and noted for excellent wine. Lon. o. 10. W. lat. 44. 33. N. Langkes, an ancient and confiderable town of France, in Champagne, with a bi- fliop's fee. The cutlery wares made here arc in high eAeem. It is feated on a moun- tain, near the river Marne, 35 miles N. E. of LAN t{ Dijon, and loo S. by E. of Rheimi. Lon. 4. •4. £. Ut. 47. sa. N. < LANcroRT, a town in SomerretOiire, «vich a market on Saturdays, and four fairs ; viz. on the fecond Monday in Lent, for fat eattle { on June 19, fur black cattle and lamba ; on September 14, for fat cattle, and fucking coitt } and on November 1 1, for fat cattle, hogs, and (heep. It is feated on the top of a hill, in a dirty mooiith country, and on the large river Parr, which is navi- gable for barge* to Bridgewater, from whence it has fome trade. It is 10 miles S. £. of Bridgewater, and 119 W. by S. of London. Lon. 3. o. W. lat. 51. 3. N. LANGVEnoc,a large maritime province of France ; bounded on the N. by Qucrcy, Rouerqvje, Auvergne, and Lionnois ; on the £. by Dauphiny and Provence j on the W. by Gafcony ; and on the S. by the Me- diterranean Sea, and Rouflillon. It is 115 miles in length, and 100 in breadth, where it is broadeft. The clergy are more rich and numerous here than in other parts of France, there bein.i; three archbilhops and «o bidiops. Languedoc is divided into the Upper and Lower } and, in general, it is a very pleafant country j fertile in com, fruits, and excellent wine } and the inhabitants carry on a confiderable trade. Tftcre are 180 curious medicinal plants, with iron- nines, quarries of marble, and Tuiky Hones. There is alfo a great deal of kelp; and on the heaths there is a kind of oak, whi:h produces the infeA called kermes. T!ie principal rivers arc the Rhone, the Caronte, the Aude, the Tame, the Allier, and the Loire. There are alfo a great num- ber of mineral fprings, and Toloufe is the capital town. * Lannov, a town of France, in Wal- loon Flanders, 5 miles from LiHc, and S from Tournay. Lon. 3. 20. £. lat. 50. 40. N. * Lanon, a village of Carmarthenshire, in S. Wales ^'th one fair, on December 10, for horfes, cattle, and pedlars ware. * Lansawel, a village of Carmarthen- ihire, in S. Wales, 15 miles N. N. E. of Carmarthen, with three fairs; viz. on the firfl Friday after May i», for cattle and pedlars ware; on July a6, and Oi3ober 23, for cattle, fheep, and horfes. * Lantwitt, a village in Glamorgan* fhire, in S. Wales, with one fair, on June XI, for lambs. * Lamvichamgei., a village in Car- matthenfhire, in S. Wales, with « fairs; on May la, and O^cber 10, for cattle, iheep, and horfes. * LAhwiMio, a village of Carmarthen* LAP /hire, In S. Wales, with one fair, on No- vember 12, for fhecp and pedlars ware. Lamzo, a town of Italy, in t'iedmonr, feated on ihe river Sture, 10 miles S. E. of Suze, and ixN. W. of Turin. Lon. 7. 33. E. lat. 45. t. N. Laon, a confiderable town of France, in the i(le of France, and capital of the Lao- nois, with a caftle, and a bifhop's fte. Its principal trade confifts in corn and wine { and it is very advantageoufly feated on a mountain, so miles N. E. of SoifTons, and 77 N. E. of Paris. Lon. 3. 41. E. lat. 49. 34. N. Lacs, a kingdom of Afia, beyond the Ganges; bounded on the N. by China ; on the E, by Tonquin and Cochin China i on the S. by the kingdom of Cambodia, and on the W. by the kingdom of Siam, and by the territories of the king of Ava. This coun« 'ry is full of forefts, and abounds in rice, fruits, and fifh. The inhabitants are welt- made, robuft, and of an olive conDplexion, and mild ; bu( very fuperlUtious, and much addi^ed to womtn. Their principal occu- pation is tilling the ground, and Afhing. Tl:e king is abfolute, and in tie year ; and the coud- try is all covered with fnow t'le greateft part of the )car. It has properly freaking neither fpring nor autum.n, the feafons change fo fuHdenly. The Iky is generally feiene, and the air healthy, it beng fubjeft almoA to c. niinual winrfs They fow no corn ; but have good paftuie;, wiiich fatten their cattle fpeedily. This ciuntry is full of rotks ancf mountains ; ?ni the principal animals are foxes, marttns, beam, elks, wolves, cailors, ermins, and rejn-deer. This laft is the moft ufeful animal they have J for it ferves to draw the (ledges over the fnow with furprifrng fwiftnefs ; likewife, the fkin ferves them forcloathing, and their fltfh for food. Their huts are made with poles, about 14 feet hig^, and they fix one end in the earth in a circle about i z feee broad ; thefe poles ir.eet at the top, and form a fort of conej and the out-fides ars S s cov«rctl L A R Covered with t>ie fkins of rein-deer and ragv. | they aie open ai ihe top, to let out the fmoak } and here they pafs their winter. 1 hey are very poorly clad, and often lye »jp')n the fnowv. When they have a mind to change ihtir liabitutions, they takeaway the Ikini and rags and leave the poles flinging. Tbeir chief mercliandizes are dried cod and other fifl), and tte (kins of lein-deer; they have alfo fome furrs. They are of a (hort Kature, with a large head, broad fore head, blue e)es, (hort flat nofeft, and Ihort, (\rait, coarfe, blatk hair. T!iey are a rude brutal fott of people, though Tome of ihem have cmbiaced Chn- Aianity, which has not mended their moah. They live a great while wiihoui the a(^i)l- ance of pliyficians an>1 their hair never turns grey. InOead of bread they make ufe of dried fi(h, which they reduce to powder. They are very fond of fpirituous liquors, and aie never fuber when they can purchafe •them. They feidom rtay long in one place, but rove about cnn(inually» leaving tlie poles of their huts Aandm^, as was before ob- ferved. Lar, a town of Perfia, in the province of Pars, with a ca(\le. It carries on a great trade in filk ; and its territory abounds in oranges, lemons, and very Iar{;e tamarinds. Lon. 54 15. E. lat. 37. 30. N. * La a AC HA, an ancient and Arong town of Africa, in the kingdom of Fez. It is feated at the mouth of a river of the fame name, with a good harbour, it was once in pofTifTion of the Spaniards } but the Moors took it from them. Lon. 5. 55. W. lat. 3$. o. N. LARtDo, a fea port town of Spain, in the Bay of Bifcay, with a large fafe harbuur. It is 30 miles W. of Bilboa, and 72 N. by >V. of Burgos. Lon. 3. 45. W. lat. 43. 23. N. Lar INO, • town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the county of Molife, with a biihop's fee ; 41 milch N. by E. of Benevento, and 60 N. E. of Naples. Lon. 35. o. E. lat. 41, 48. N. Lar issa, an ancient, lich, and famous town of Tuiky in Europe, and in the pro- vince of Janna, with a Greek arcibifl^op's fee, a palace, and fome handfomc mofques. It is faid to be the birth place of Adiilles; and Philip, the father of Afex;inder the Great, rcMed here. It carries on a large trade, and is pleafantly feated on the river Penea, 50 miles S, of Salonichi, and 1 20 N. by W. ot Athens, now called Setines. * Laristan, a territoiy of Afia, in Perfia, which lies round the town of Lar. It fotmerljf bclorged 10 the Cucbies. ^ L A U * LARRiBtTNOAa, a Tea-port town ef Afia, in Indo(\an ; feated at the mouth of the river Sinda, or Indus, with a harbour capable of receiving (hips of 200 towns bur* den It is but a fnt/ill place, confining of about 100 houfes built with wood ^ but hat a ftone fort, with five great guns, to pre- vent icbheries ; becsiife fome of the neigh- bouring countries are much addifled to Itiieving. Lcn 67. o. E. Ut. 1 5. o. N. La R T A. See Art a. * Latakia, foimirly Laodicea, an ancient, large, and confiderable town df A(ia, in Syria, with a liarbour, a bi(hop'> fte, and beautiful remains of antiquity. It is become the molt flourifliing place on the coaft, and carries on a confiderable trade | is feated in a level fertile country, 75 miles S. W. of Aleppo, and 645 N. of Jerufalem* Lon. 36 50. E. lat. 35. 30. N. * La TBI CRY, a town of France, in Burgundy, in the marquifate of Arcen Bar- rois, feated in a plain, at the foot of a mountain, with a priory. * Lavagnay, a town of Italy, in the territory of Genoa, with the title of a county. It lies on the E. fide of Genoa, 8 mi:es from Rapallo, and is feated at the mouth of a river of the fame name. Laval, a town of France, and the mod populous and confiderable in Lower Maine, on account of its linen manu<^a£ture8. It has 2 caAles, and is feated on the river Mayenne, 15 miles S. from the town of that name, and 40 W. of Mans. Lon. o. 42 W. lat. s8. 4.N. L'v.MUND, or Lavamt MiNRE, a tONAn of Germany, in the circle of Auftria, and duchy of Carinthia, with a caAle, and a bidiop's fee. It belongs to the archbilhop of Sal'fburg, and it feated on the river Drave, ^7 miles E. of Clagenfurr, and 6% W. of Pettau. Lon. 1 5. o. £. lat. 36. 44. N. * L'lyABR, a town of Fjance, in Up- per Languedoc, with a biihop's fee ; feated on the river Agoute, 20 miles S. W. of Albi, and 20 N. £. Of Toloufe. Lon. i* 57 E. lit, 43 42. N. L.< vBACH, 9 handfome and Arong town of Germany, in the circle of AuAria, and in Carniola, with a bifhop's fee, a cadle, and very handfome houfes. It is feated on a ri- ver of the fame name, wherein are the largcA craw-fifh in Europe, 4a miles S. of Clagenfurr, and 155 S. by W. of Vienna. Lon. 14. 45. E. lat 46. 20. N. L.\ V n A, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of Franconia. and in the bidioprick of I Wirtzburg, 18 miles S. W. of Wirtabtirg. Lon. 9 43. £. Ut. 49. 40. N. Lau- L A U LAvnti, a borough town of Scotland in thfe (hire of Merfe, is milei S. of Edin- burgh. Lon. 1. 35. W. lat. 55. 46. N. * Laudkroali iiarinalli(i(trid> in the county of Mcrfr, thiough which a rivtr of the fame name rum. * LAVttLO, an ancient town of Italy, 10 the kingdom of Naples, and in the Bad licata, with a bifhop'i fee; 17 miiei N. W. of Cirenza, and 80 E. by N. of Naples. Lon. 15 5;. E. lac. 4r. 3. N. Lavcnham, a town of SufTolk, with a market on Tuefdayi, and two (airs ; on Shrove- Tuefday, for horfes } and on OAo- ber 10, for butter and cheefe. It is feated on a branch of the river Breton, and is a Jarge cloathing town, having a pretty ROod trade, and a very handfome ftately Heeple Aanding on an eminence. Bcfides one large church, there* is alfo a Prefbyteiian meet- ing, and about 300 mean houfes. The Areets are not very wide, but well paved ; and the inhabitants connO chiefly of poor people. Here is a tolerable manufadture of fays. This town was a few years zv,o go- verned by a head borough { but now none aAs in that capacity. It is iz miles. S. by Z. of St. Edmund's- Bury, and 61 N. E of London. Lon. o. 48. £ lat. 51. 10. N. La urr EN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and duchy of Wirtemberg. It is feated on the river Neckar, 10 miles S. of Hailbron, and fubjcA to the duke of 'Wirtemberg. Lon. 8. $. E. lac. 49. o. N. LAurrtMBvac, a flrong town of Ger* many, in the circle of Suahia, and one of the four Foreft-Towns, with a caftle. It belongs to the houfe of Auflria, and it is feated «n a rock, and the Rhine, which di- vides it in two parts. It is 17 miles S. E. of Bafle, and »s S. W. of Sihaffenbaufen. Lon. 7. 10. E. lat. 47. 36. N. Lavincton, a town in Wiltshire, wiih a market on Wednefdays, but no flpirs ; Xeated near the Downs ; and, though but an indifferent town, the market is very great for com and malt. It is to miles N. N. W. of Salifbury, and 87 W. by S. of London. Lon. a. 5. W. lat. 51. 15. N. Lavncistom, a town of Cornwall, with a market on Saturdays, and four fairs ; viz. on Whit- Monday, July j, November 17, and December 6, for horfes, oxen, flieep, cloth, and a few hops ; feated on the river Tamar, on the top of a fmall hill, and is a large corporation, fending a members to pailiameitt. It was formerly defended by a caftle, which is now in ruins ; and a lit tie without the town ftands the old priory. Xtia aS miles N. of Plymouth, a/id 209 W. LAV by 5;. of London. Lon. 4. 55. W. lat. 59* 40. N. • L A u N u, a town of Dohcmia, near Egra, on the road from Leipfick to Prai(ue, feated in a territory abounding in fine paflurcs aAd exctllent fruits partiiularly appl«S which are held in hiijh elleem. Lon> I4> o« E. lat. 50. S5. N. • Laurac UAis, a fmall territory of Fiancet in Upper Languedoc- Ir is divided into the Upper and Lo^'^er, anil abounds id millet feed and wine. Callelnaudari is tha capital town. • Laukknt les Chalons, a town of France, ia Burgundy, and m the diocefe of Chalons. It is feated partly m an ifland, and partly on the river Saone, 3 mi^es E. of Chalon, and 37 N. E. of Dijon. Lon. 4* $1 E lat. 46. 4;. N. Lais ANNS, a large, ancient, and hand* fome town of SwifTerland, and capital of the country of Vaud, and in the canton of Bern, witli a famous college and a bifhop's fee. The town houfe, and the other pub- lick buildinc;s, are nia-nificeRr ; and it If feated between three hills, a long mile from • the lake of Geneva, 30 miles N. £. of Ge- neva, and 50 S. W. of Bern. Lon. 6. 35, E. lat. 46- 30. N. Lautkrburc, a town of Poland, ia Regal PiuiTia, and in the palatinate of Culm; ;o miles N. E. of Torn, and 75 S. E. of Dantzick. Lon, ao. 39. E. lat. si* 6. N. Lautibbl'rc, a town of Germany, in Che circle of the Upper Rhine, and in AU face, which belongs to the French. It was taken by the AuArians in 1744. Between this place and Weifembtrg aie the famoua lines which the Germans caft up, to de- fend their frontiers againft France ; but they are now of no ufe. It is 7 miles S* E. of Weifembcrg. Lon. 9. ix. E. lat. 48* S6. N. • Lai;trkc, a town of France, in Lower Lan^uedoc, and in the Albigcois. Ic is feated on a mountain, with an ancient caiile. • Lautrkc, a town of Germany, in the Palatintte, on the confines ofthe duchy of Deux-Ponts. It is feated at the conflu>» ence of the rivers Lnuier and Glaun. Lavilt, or La/elt, a village ofthe Netherlands, in the bilhoprick of Liege, near MaeArichr, rcmaikable for a battle gained here by the Frcncli in 1747. • Lavorj, Terra di, a province of Italy, in the kins^doni of Naples ; bounded on the W. by the Grjmpagna of Rome, and by Fattier Abtizzo; on the N. by the Ci- lerior Abruzzv, and by iht county of M >• S s 2 liiTa } I. A X lifla i on the E. by tlif Ultra Principato | arul en die S. by the Principata Citra. It U about 63 milo* in length, and )5 in breadth ^ •■d it i» proper (or tillage, from whence it took it* name } for Lavor*, in Italian, fig niflei the fame thing. It is alfo lertilc in corn, excellent vinei, and otiier ffuite. There are alfo feveral mineral fprirgt, and minei of fulphur ; and Mount Vefuviu) muft be full of it, becaufe it fometime* throw* out torrents of that mineral. Na- ples is the capital town, bt(u*.tt wliich there are feveral other remarkable towi]«, that are taken notice of in their proper placet. Lawbnbur<;, a conflu'eraVie tov:» of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, •ixl capital of a duchy of the fame .*Mie, vrhich belongs to the E\c&ot of Hanover j L E C feated in a valley on the river Elbe, and has sons. I the circle of Auftria, with a palace or etfUt, where the princes of the houfe of Auftria go for pleafure. It is feated on the river Schecha, i« miles S, of Vienna. Lon. 16. »a. E. lat. 48. 15. N. • La V COCK, a village in Wiltfhire. fe»r miles S. of Chippeaham, with a fair*) on July 7, and De^ ember ai, for horned cattle. (heep, and lioifes. LiA, a river, which rifes near Luton in Bedlordniire, and running S. £. hy Which the duchy of Lunenburg lies, being about 35 miles in length, and so in breadth. Law- •nburg is ilie capital town. * Law EN BURG, a town of Ducal Pome- fania, and the chief place of a territory of the fame name, which belongs to the elec- tor of Brandenburg, Lon. 17. 53. E. lat. 54. 45. N. LAWiNGEif, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, formerly imperial, but now fubjeA to the duke of Neuburg. Here the duke of Bavariii, in 1704, fortified his camp to defend bis country againl) the Britifti force* and their allies, commanded by the duke of r.4ariborough, wlio forced their in- trenchmenis. It is feated on the Danube, 10 miles N. W. of Burgaw, and 32 N. W. •f Augfburg. Lon. 10. 29. E. lat. 48. j». N. * Lawrbncb, St. the largefl river in N. America, proceeding from the hke On- tario, from which it runs a courfe of 700 miles to the Atlantic Ocean. It is naviga- ble as far as Quebec, which is above 400 miles ; but beyond Montreal it is fo full of (hoals and rocks, that it will not admit large veflVIs wi<;hout dan{(er, unlefs the channel be very well known. '* Lawrknci:, St. a village in Corn* vail, with two fjirsj on Auguft 10, and Odlober 18. for horfes, oxen, (heep, cloth, »iid a few hops. f.AXSMBVRc, a town of Germany, in Leotono, a large country of Afia} bounded by part of China, and a gulph of the fame name on the S. by ChinefeTar. tary on the N. by Korea on the E. and hy another part of Tartary on the W. It was from this county that the Tartars en- tered China, when they made themfelvea naaAers of it. The inhabitants are mora warlike, Icfs poKte, and not fo induftrieua as tlie Chinefe : they neither like trade nor hufbandry, although their country is varjf proper for both. Leatong is the principal town, which is pretty large, and very well peopled. * Lbawava, a fea-port town of Afi», on the eaftern coaft of the idand of Ceylon } which yields a great deal of fair. Lon. 83* 15. E. lat. 6. 40. N. LxBKOA, an ancient fea-port town of Africa, in the kingdom of Tripoh, with a pretty good harbour, and an old ca(\le } feated on the Mediterranean Sea, 85 mile* E. of Tripoli. Lon. 14. 50. £. lat. 32. lo. N. * Lbbrixa, an. ancient, ftrong, a>4 pleafanc town of Spain, in Andalufia ; feated in a territory abounding in corn, wine, and a great number of olive trees, of whoCa fiuit they make the bell oil in Spain. It it 10 miles N. £. of St. Lucar. Lon. 5. 31* W. lat. 36. 5». N. Lebus, a town of Germany, in tha cir- cle of Upper Saxony, and in the marquifat* of Brandenburg, with a btfhop's fee, fectsi- lariaed in favour of the houfe of Branden- burg. It is feated on the river Oder, lo miles N. of Franckfort, and 43 E. of Berlin, Lon. 14. 55. £. lar. 52. aS. N. Lbcck, a rich, populous, and moftbevu* tiful town of Italy, in the kingdom of Na- ples^ and in the Terra d'Ocranto, of which it LEE tllG it h tht cMef place, with a bi(hAp*t fee { lo milct W. of the gnlph of Venice, and 195 B. S. E. of Naples. Lon. 18. 10. E. l«t. 40. )8, N. Lseco, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Milan, fcated on the eaftern Ade of the lake Como, ao milei N. of Milan. Lon. 9. 40. E. lat. 45. 45. N. LicN, a river of Germany, which rifet in Tirol, and running N. divides Suabia from Bavaria j and, having paffed by Land- fprug and Auf((l)urg, falls into tlie Danube below Donawert. LtCH, a river of Holland, fornwd by the Rhine, which runa from E. to W. through Ouelderland and Utrecht, when uniting with the Maefe, it falls into the German Sea near the Briel. LicNLADi, town of Glouceflerfhire, with a marltet on Wednefdays, and two lairs J on Auguft 10, for cattle and toys, and September 9, for cattle and cheflfe. It is leatcd at the conflutnce of the river Lech with the Thames, and is about 3 fiirionj^v in length. Ic it s8 miles E. by S. of Glou- cefter, and 74 W. by N. of London. Lon. 3i 15. W. lat. 51. 41. N. LtcMNiCH, a town of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, and in the ctec- tcrate of Cologne, 10 miles S. W. of that town, and fubjeA to the cleAor. Lon. 6. 35. E. lac. 50. 46. N. LicLvsi, a town of the French Nether- lands, in Flandeit, 5 miles S. of Douay. Lon. %. o. E. lat. 50. 50. N. LicTOtfBi, an ancient and Arong town of France, in Gafcony, and in Armagnac. with a caftle, and a bifhop's fee ^ fealcd on a mountain, at the foot of which runs the river Gers, i» miles E. of Condom, and 10 N. of Auch. Lon. c. 4s. £. lac. 43. 56.N. LiDBirRr,a town of HerefordOiire, with market on Tuefdays, and five (airs ; viz. on Monday before Eafter, and May it, for horned cattle and checfe { on Ji)ne as, for horned cattle and wool; on Odober 2, for horned cattle, hops, cheefe, and pig« } and on Monday before December z\, for horned cattle, cheefe, and fa. hogs. It is fsated on a rich clay ground, and is a well-built place, inhabited h) many clo- thiers, who carry on » prett) large trade ; 15 miles E. of Hereford, md 118 W. N. V^. of London. Lon. a. 27. W. lat. 52. 6. N. LiDBSMA, an anciont and Arong town of Spain, in the ki n g< w n of Leon, feated on the river Tome, «c miles S. W. of Sala. manca. Lon. *v W. lat. 47. *. N. * Lsc, a vtU||«. i« Vof kfhi :«^ with two fatrt, on AuguA 14, and September 17, fof horfes and checfe. La IDS, a town in the W. Riding of Yoikfhire, with two markets, en Tusfdai^ and Saturdays ) and two fairs, vit. on Jut/ ito, for horfes and hard-ware, and on No« vember 9, for horned cattle, iiurfes, an4 hard-ware. It is fcsted on the river Ars and is a lar(;e well-built corporatton-to-Arn, whofe inliabitants have a manufacture iei cloth, in which they drive a conflderablo trade. It alfo fendi two members to par- liament, has the title of a duchy, and i» 15 nviUs W. S. W.of Yoik, and iSiN hjr W. of London. Lon. i. 17. W. lat. 5}* 48. N. Lrik, • town in StafToidfbire, with a maiketon Wednefdays, and 7 fairs; via* on Wednefday before Candlemas, B!al\«r* Wednefday, May t8, Whit Wednefday, July 3, July ig, and November 1 3, all for cat* tie and pedlars ware, it is f<9ated in the barren moor-lands, and the houfes arc but meanly built { hut its market is vety good. It is 18 miles N. of Stafford, and m,-? N. N. W, of London. Lon. a. o. W. lat. ^},. 6. N. * LiiRBBRO, a mountain irk SwiiTer* land, which is part of mount Jura, and ex* tends itfelf on the confines ot the cantona of Bafle, Soleure, and Dtrne, between the towns of Aaraw and Homburg. Lbbbdam, a town of the United Pro» vinces in Holland, ;7 miles N. £. of Doitf. Lon. 4. 4S. E. lat. 51. $6. N. * Lkk R OK T, a fortrer» of Germany^ ift Weftphaha, and in the county of Embden. It is roat«d at the mouth of the river Lee, where it falls into the Embi, about 10 ttiilee from the town of Embden. Lata WICK, a town of Scotland, in Mainland, one oi' the ifles of Orkney. Thefe ifles belonged to the king of Oeik- mark, till a king of Scotland mariied one of the daughters. Heie the Detch begin to filh for henings every year, Lon. o. 30. W. lar. 61. to. N. LxEWAR t> Islands. See Car ibbcbs* Litwr, a fortified town of the Nether- lands, in Brabant, feated in a morafs, on the river Geet, lo miles E. of Luuvaift. Lon. 4. 18. E. lat. 50. 53. N. LirriNQEN, a village of (he Nether- lands, near Odend, which was a pod of general Earl, in 1708, tu keep up a com- munication between the befiegers of Lifle, and the grand army of the confederates. The duke of Vendofme could not drive them away without attacking them m form. LiCHORN, or LivoRNO, 3 iVong, hand- fomc, and very eonudcrable town of lialv, 1 in L E I Itt tilt duchy of Tafcany, ind in the Pifano, with one of the moft famous harbours in the Mediterranean Sea, which caufes it to be vifited by a prodigious number of flrangers. Jt is a free port, and the merchandizes brought there are never vifited, for the cfficers of the city take great care that trade may meet with no interruption. The Greel(s •nd Armenians have churches of their own, and every other religion is undifturbed ; the Jews have a very handfome fynagogue here, «« well as fchools. They are very rich, and fo well protefled, that it is /proverb here, That a man may as well beat the Great Duke, as a Jew. The number of inhabi- tants are computed at 40,000, among whom there are 18,000 Jews. The ftreets are wide and ftrait, and almoft all the houfes of thr fame heighth, but (be N. fide of the town is bed built. There are fo many ca- nals, thatfome have given it the title of New Venice. It is a A<-ong place, and there is a garrifon of 1 500 men. Near the harbour is a large building, called Li-Bagni, in which they fhut up every night the Turkifli and the galley flaves. At a little diftance is a iight- hocfe, on a fmall ifland, on the top of which are lighted every night above 30 lamps. In the great fquare is the ftatue of duke Fer- dinand I. it (lands on a pedefial, and at the four corners there are ftatues of bronze, of a Coloflian fizc, in chains, and reprefent fo many Haves, The air here was very un- liaalthy, till the marfhes about it were drained. The commodities that we import from hence are, filk, wine, and oil. In 3741 this city fuffered greatly by an earth- quake. It it 10 miles S. of Pifa, 45 S. W. of Florence, and 145 N. W. of Rome. Lon. I!.- X5. E. lat. 43. 33. N. * L>CNAMO,atownof Italy, in theter. ritory of Venice, fortified and feated on the river Adige, in the Veronefe, 15 miles below Verona. LxiCESTKi, a capital town of Leicefter- fltire, with 3 markets, on Wednefdays, Fri- days, and Saturdays, and 4 fairs, on May S%, and July 5, for hosfes, cows, and flieep ; onOAober 10, for horfes, cows, (heep, and a great deal of cheefe ; and on December 8, for horfes and cows, but it is inconfiderable. It is pleafantly feated on the river Sour, over tnrhich thcrr are two bridges. It is a corpo ration, containing three parifh-churches, fends two members to parliament, and en- joys the title of an earldom. It has a very fpacious matket- place, the ftreets are paved, and great quantities of ftockings are wove in this town. It is 14 miles S. by E. of Derby, and 99 N. W. by N. of London. Lon. i. $, W» lat. '5s. 40. N. I L E I ^ LtieisTiKSHiiB,anEngKlhcotintyf )3 miles in length, and 30 in breadth ; bounded on theS. by Northamptonfhire, o» the W. by Warwickfhire and Derbyfhire, on . the N, by Nottinghamfliire, and on the E. by Lincolnfhire and Rutlandlhire. It con« tains about 18,700 houfes, ii»,7.oo inhabi* tants, 91 parifhes, and ix market-towns,, of which none but Leicefter fends members to parhamenr, win. h, with two for th« county, make only 4. The principal rivert are, the Sour, the Ey, the Wreake, the Sence, the Swift, and the Welland. The air i« very good, and the foil in the fouth- ern parts, very fruitful -y and in the rich meadows they feed great nunibers of cattle and flieep. The northern part is more bar- ren and ftony, and has many rocks of lime« ftone with which the natives: improve the ground, as well as coal-pits. It yields the fame commodities as the other counties, but is noted for plenty of beans, whence the in- habitants have got the name of Bean- bellies. It is feparaied from Warwickthire by an old Roman way, called Watling-ftreer, which runs crofs the kingdom. LeiceAer is the principal town. Let ON, a town of Lancafliire, of little or no account, for the market is aimoft come to nothing, and there are no fairs. It ia 7 miles N. of Warrington, aind 184 S. W. of London. Lon. 2. 35. W. lat. ^3. 30. N.. * Lkvghton, a village in the W. rid- ing of Yorkfliire, 10 miles E. of Sheffield, with one fair, for pedlara war«, on June *4. * LzTCHToN, a village in Huntingdon- fliire, 4 miles N. of Kimbolton, with a fairs* on May 12, and Odlober 5, for all forts of cattle. Lkighton-Bvczard, a town in Bed- fordfhire, with a market on Tuefdays, and 4 fai | Lr mberg, a town of Poland, capital of Aures, which feed cattle that yield milk, of Red.RuHia, feated in the palatinate of Lem- which they make plenty of butter andcheefe. ^he chief commodities are cattle, horfes, fea-fowl and fiy be called the port of that city. Lon. 3. o. W. lat. 56 o. N. * Lelant, a village in Cornwal, 5 miles N. of Penzance, with one fair, on Au- guft 1 5, for horfes, oxen, fheep, and a few hops. Leman, a lake of SwiflTeiland, feme- times called the lake of Geneva, being 6e miles in length, and i a in breadth, and, as fome fay, 400 fathoms deep in panicular places. It has the appearance of a fea, and contains a great variety of excellent fiCh, par- ticularly trouts and perches. In fummer it lias fomething like a tide, occafioned by the melting of the fnow, from whence dreams run down from the Alps, in the heat of the day. The river Rhone runs through it, and if much bigh^r in tht fgqimffr tor the reafon burg, on the river Pelteu, between Caminiee and Cracow, 90 miles N. from the former, and 150 E. from the latter; it is alfo tt% S. of Warfaw. It is pretty well fortified, and defended by two citadels, rae of which is feated on an eminence, without the town* The fquare, the churches, and the publick buildings a'e magnificent, and it is a large. rich, and trading place. It has a Roman- Catholick archbidiop, and an Armenian, as well as a Ruflian biftiop j but the Pro- tenants are not tolerated. The city wat reduced to 'h-r lad extremity by the rebel CofTacks and Tartars, and was forced to re- deem itfelf with a large fum of money. In 167a it was befieged in vain by the Turks, but, in T704 was taken by ilorm, by Charles XII. king of Sweden^ Lon. 14. 46- E. lat. 49. 51. N. * Lembro, an iflardof the Archipelago, on the eaflern coaft of the peninfula of Ro- mania, about i« miles in circumference, with a town of the fame name, and a har- bour. Lon a 6. 15. E. lat 40. 2 j. N. * Lembur G, a palatinate of Red-Rufllia, in Poland } bounded on the W. by Upper Poland ; on the N- by the palatinate of Belez ; on the E. by Podolia and Moldavia ; and on the S. by Moldavia and Upper Hun- gary. It is divided into four territoriet, which take their names from the capital towns. Lemgow, a town of Germany, in th« circle of Weflphalia, and county of Lipp^, to miles N. of Paderborn, and as many S. of Minden. Lon. 8. 40. E. lat. 5*. 5. N. Lemnos, one of the principal iflands of the Archipelago, new called Stalimene. It lies at the entrance of the Dardanels, and has a town of the fame ivame, which is ca- pital of the ifland. It is about t$ miles in length, and 1 5 in breadth, and belongs to rhe Turk*. The foil is pretty fertil;, efpe« cially in corn and wine, and is famous for an earth called Terra Sigillata, formerly in greater efleem among phyficians than at pre- fent. It contains about 75 villages, whofe inhabitants are almoft all Greeks, and are very induftrious. Lemnos or Stalimene it but a fmall town, Aanding on the declivity of a hill, on the top of which there is a ca- ftle, near the fea. It is the fee of a Greek archbifhop, and is so miles S. E. of mount Athos, whofe fhadow covers it a little be- fore fun-fet, and 55 N. W. of Metelin. Lon. 15. 18. E. lat. 40. 3, N. * J[.*MOy a fmall river of ItalVj which rifM L E N Tif«t !tt the territory of Genoj, where It Vaflies Gavi, and palTes on to join the Oiba in the Alexandrino. ^ Lempta, a large country of Africat in the Zaara or Defert, lying to the N. of Negroland. The inhabitantt are of a fa- y*glBf brutal dHpofition. LxMSTti, or LiOMiMSTEB, a town of Hcrefordlhire, with a market on FridaySi and 6 fairs, on February 13, Tuefday after Mid-lent Sunday, and May 13, for horned cattle and horCes ; on July 10, for horned cattle, horfes, wool, and Welch butter ; on September 4, for horned cattle, horfes, and butter; and in November for horned cattle, hops, and butter. It is feated on the river Lug, which waters the N. and E. fides of the town. It contains one parifh-church, 400 houfes, 6 wards, and the principal officer is a bailiff*. It is of great note for its fine wool, haa feveral good inns, and fends two members to parliament. It is 24 miles W. by N of Worcefter, and 136 W. N. W. of London. Lon. 1. 45. W. lat. 52. to. N. Lena, a large rivtr of the Ruffian em- pire, ia Tartary, which takes its courfe N. from the latitude o. 55. and falls into the frozen Ocean, running almoft parallel to the Jenify. LxMciciA, a ftrong town of Poland, and capital of a palatinate of the fame name, vith a fort, feated on a rock. The nobility of the province hold their diet here. It Aands in a morafs, on the banks of the ri- ^r Bfura, 37 miles S. £. of Ciiefna, and 310 N. by W. of Cracow. Lon. 19. 25. £• lat. 5». IX. N. * Lin HAM, a town in Kent, with a market on Tuefdays, and two ifairs, on iuoe 6, for cattle and horfes, and on 0£to- er t%, for horfes and fome other things. It is feated on an eminence, 10 miles £. of MaidAone, i2 W. by S. of Canterbury, and 47 E, S. £. of London. Lun. o. 45. £. lat. 51. 18. N. * Lenox, a county of Scotland, bounded on the S. by the river Clyde; on the N. 9;)d W. by Argylefhire ; and on the £. by Mentieth and Sterlingfhire. Near the rivers ft is fertile in corn, but the other part is mountainous, which however feeds a great number of (titup. It is remaikable for tl)e take called Lough Lomund, which is 24 miles in length, and 8 in breadth. It con- tains 30 fmall iflands, 3 of which have (hurehes, and many of the reft are inha- bired. The famous Grampian mountains begin at this lake, and run northward to- wards Aberdeen. Dumbarton is the coanty- lown . This (hire fead& one munber to pv- liuatau LEO LiKs, a town of France, In Artri§f whofe fortifications are demolifhed. It wal ceded to Fiance by the treaty of the Pyren- nees, and is 8 miles N. E. of Arras, 10 N. W. of Douay, and 1 5 N. E. of Paris. Loa. a. 55.E. lat. 50. aS. N. Lentini, or Leonti^i, an ancient town of Sicily, in the valley of Nofo. It was greatly damaged by an earthquake in 1693, and is feated on a river of the fame name, 17 miles S. W. of Catania, and to N. W. of Syracufe. Lon. 14. 15. £. lat. 37' 18. N. * Lenton, a village in Nottingham- ffliire, 3 mites S. W. of Nottingham, with two fails, on Wednefday in Whit fun week, and on November 11, for horned cattle, Iheep, and hogs. * LBNYHsa, a village in Glamorgan- (hire, in S. Wales, with one fair, on OAober 10, for cattle, (heep, and hogs. * Lenzburg, a town in SwiflTerland, with the title of a county ; feated on a fmall river, in the canton of Bern, 6. mii£s W. of Baden, and ;. E. of Araw. Lon. 7. 5. £. lat. 47. 23. N. * Lbnzo, a river of Italy, which rifet in mount Appennine, runs along the con* fines of Paimefan, and of the Modenefe, falling into the Po at BrefTcllo. Leo, St. a fmall but ftrong town of Ita* ly, in the territory of the Church, and du* chy of Urbino, with a bilhop's fee. It ia feated on a mountain, near tiie river Mar- rechia, 8 miles S. W. of San Marino, and 15 N. W. of Urbino. Lon. is. 15. £. lat* 43. 57- N. * Lboganb, a beautiful plain in Ame> rica, in the iHand of St. Domingo, which abounds with chocolate, indigo, fugar- canei, rocou, tobacco, and all the neceHTariea of life. The air is not very gooil. and the luxury of the inhabitants, who are French, caufes many difeafes. * Leon, an ancient town of France, in Lower Bretagne, and capital of the Leon- nois, with a bi(hop's fee. It is feated near the fea, 30 miles E. of Breft, and aSo W* of Paris. Lon. 3. 55, W. lat. 48. 41. N. * Leon, a province of Spain, with tho tiiie of a kingdom ; bounded on the N. by Aflurias ; on the W. by Galicia and Fortu< gal i and on the S. by Kftremadura and Ca* Aile, which alfo bounds it on the E. It it about 125 miles in length, and 100 in breadth, and is divided into a'moft two equal parts by the river Duero, or Douro. It produces all the neceflfarics of life, an4 Leon is the capital town. Leon, an ancient and large town of SpaiDi and capital 0! Utff kins^^oin of that name. I. E P mm% built by the Romani in the time of Galba, with a biOiop's fee. It his he i 4xS. E. of Bayonne. Lor. 0. 30 W. at. 43. 43. N. LnsK. RD, a town in Cornwall, with a maiket on Satuidays, and 6 faiis ; viz. on Shrove- Monday, Monday fevenniglit before Eaflvr, Ho'y Thurfday, ."Vugult 1 c, St ptem*^ ber 21, and December 10, for hurfes, oxrn, ihecp, cloth, and a few hopj. It is fea'.ed in a level, is a corjH ration, and fends two ineRibers to pailianient. Ii bad lornierly a caflle, now in ruins, and has a food trse- fchool, and a confiderabic manuf^dlure of yarn, which is chiidy fold at Exeter. It is 49 miles W. by S. of Exeter, and 2»i W. by S. of London. Lon. 4. 45. W. lat. 50. 34. N. Lessines, a town of the Auftrian Ne- therlands, in Hainault, feated on the river Dender, and famous for iis linen-manufac- ture. It is 6 miles N. E. of Ath, and 22 S. W. of BrulTcls. Lon. 3. 53. W.lat. 51. 41. N. • Lestokf, or Leostoff, a town of Suffolk, with a market on Wednefdays, and two fairs ; on May-day, and Michaelmas- day, for petty chapmen. It is feated on the fea-fhorc-, is concerned in the fidieries of the N. Sea, cod, herrings, mackerels, and fprats; h^s a church, and a diillnting meet- ing-houfej and for its fecurity, lix 18 pound- ers, which they can move as occafion re- quires j but it has no battery. The town, confifts of 500 hcufes j but the Aieets though tolerably paved, aie narrow. The coad is there very dangerous for ftrangers. Jt'ts 7 miles S. of Yarmouth, and i (5 N. E. of London. Lon. i. 45. E. iat. 52. 37. N. Lestweithel, a town nf Cornwall, with a market on Fridays, and three fairs ; viz on June 29, Auguft 14, and November a, for horfes, oxen, flieep, cloth, and a few hops. It is feated on ihe iiver Foy, not tar from its fall into Foy navtn. Formerly /hips came as far up as the town ; but the channti is now Hopped up. However, it is a corporation, and fen.Hs two members tn pailiament. They a!fo kL-ep courts here belont'ipn to the (lanne^y ; atd tt-e goal is likewife hfe. !t is governed by a mayor, 6 c*(.' pavr ■, ,•>•(• li;id It ih 30 nuiei W, N. vV'. ol Plvincu'.h, anJ ' LEV 230 W. by S. of London. Lon. 5. o. W« lat, 53. 30. N. Lktrim, a county of Ireland, in the province of Connaught, 44 miles in length, and 17 in breadth ; bsunded on the E. and N. E. by Cavan and Fermanagh, by SHgO an 1 Rofcommon on the W. and S. W. and by Longford on the E. and S. E. It is a hilly country, with rank grafs, which feeds a great number of cattle. The chief town is Letrim, feated not far from the river Shannon. It contains 4000 houfes, 1 1 pa- rjflies, 5 barunie», x boroughs, and fends 6 members to pailiament. Lktten-Land, orLETTONiA, is the S. part of Livonia ; bounded on the N. by EDonia, on the S. by Courland, on the E. by Mufcovy, and on the W. by the gulph of Riga. It is fubjeft to RuiTia. Le T T t R E, a town of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, and in the Hither Pdncipi- to, with a bifhop's fee. It is a trading place, and is feated at the back of a moun- tain, 12 miles N. W. of Salerno, and 30 S. E. of Naples. Lon. 14. 30. £. Iat. 40. Levant: This word properly fignifies the East ; but it is generally ufed., when fpeaking of trade, for Turky in Asia; comprehending Natolia, Syria, PaleOine, "^ypt, Baika, the Ifland of Candia, and the adjacent, parts. The Levant Sea means, The Eallcrn part ef the Mediterra- nean. LEucATE,an ancient town of France, in Lower Languedoc, whofe fortifications have been dcmolifhed ; feated near a lake of the fame name, 15 miles N. £. ot Perpignan. L^n. 3. 9/ E. lat. 43. 40. N. LEucHST£NBERG,a town of Germany, in the palatinate of Bavaria } feated on a mountain, near the river Pfreimpt, 50 miles N. W. of Ratiibon, and 5 5 N. E. of Nurem- berg. Lon. 12. 4S' E.lat. 49. 36. N. Leu£, a town of the Auiirian Nether- lands, in Biabant ; feated on the river Gheet, near the confines of Liege, 10 miles E. of Louvain. Lon. 5. o, £. lat. 50. ^5. N. LEVE8PooL,a town of Lancafhire, with a market on Saturdays, and two fairs ; viz. on July 25, and November 11, for horfes and horned cattle. It is commodioufly feaftd on the rivet Met fey, wheie there is an excellent fafe hitbour for fhips. It is much incieafRd anrf Heautified of late, be- ing, next to Lonrion aid Biiftul, the moft tradi.ig tosAn in Ingland. Heie is a hand- lome town houft-.fupnoriecl by ftrine pillars and arthes; and tir.derneath it is the Ex- sian^t ic'i msrcbanib. The houfes are ge- nerally. in the ength, • and Sligo . and is a 1 feeds flown river LEW (leralty hew, and built with brick, after the manner of London. It conrains tlirec. churches, befidcs fevcral meeting- houfes for diHenteis; and the New Churcli is faid tu be one of the fined in England. At die eaft end of the town is a wet dock, with iron flood-gates, which will hold a great number of (hips. It is a corporation, and fends two members to parliament ; and is 15 miles W. of Warrington, and 185 N. W. of London. Lon. 3. 0. W. lat. 53. i$, N. * Lev EN, a lake in the county of Fife, in Scotland, m which there is an iOand, wherein Mary queen of Scots was kept prifoner. * Leuk, a tnwn of Swiffdrland, almoft in the middle of the Vaiais> remarkable for its natural l^rerigth ; for the aifcmbly of the Aates that often meet there } and for its baths, v>i.ofe water is fo hot, that it will boil an egg. Lon. 7. 55. E. lat. 46. * LeVontima, or Levinerth^l, a valley of Swifleiland, whofe inhabitants de- pend on Milan for fpi>ituals, and on the canton of Uri for temporals. LxvRoux, an ancient town of France, in Berry, with a caftle, 35 miles S. W. of Bourgcs. Lon. i. 40. £. lat. 47. o. N. Leuse, a town of the AuOrian Nether- lands in Hainhault, feated on the river Dender, 14 miles N. W. of Mons. Lon. 3. 43. £. lar. 50 34. N. Leutkirk, a free and imperial town of Germany, in Suabia, and in Algow, feated on a rivulet that falls into the liter, 41 miles N E. of Lindnu, and 10 S. W. of Memmingen. Lon. 10. 10. £. lac. 47 . 53. N. Leotmrritz, a town of Bohemia, ca- . pital of a circle of the fame name, with a bifhop's fee ; feated on the river Elbe, 35 miles N. W. of Prague, and 40 S. E. of Drefden. Lon. 14. 25. E. lat 50. 34. N. Lewarden, ahandfome, rich, popuous, larc;e, and itrong town '^f the Unircd Pro- vinces, capital of Oliergow, Weftergow, Sevenwolden, and We:t Friefland. I' was the ufual place of refidence of the ftadt- holder ; and in buildings, as well public as private, is very magnificent. It has feve ral canals, running through the ftieets, and are a great afTiltance to their trade, which is very confiderabie j efperially as thefe ca- nals are continued no; only to the fea, but to the moft conftderable towns in the pro- vince. Ii IS zj miles W. of Groningen, and , 65 N. by E. of Amlterdam. Lon 5.42. E. lat. 53. 12. N. * LtwENTz, a town of Upper Hunga ry, in the county of Cran, and on the river LEY of the fame name, where the Tu- ks were rf«- fcated in 1644. It is 10 miles N. of Cran, and 25 N. E. of Newhaufel. Lcn. tl. 19. £. lat. 48. 15. N. Lewis, a town of SufTex, with a mar« ket on Saturdays, and three fairs ; viz. on May 6, for homed cattle ) on Whit-Tuef* day, for horned cattle and horfes ; Hnd on Odtcber «, for fliuep. It is feattd on an eminence on the banks ot the river Oufe« and fends two members to parliament. If ii a large place, with hani^f ^me houfes two ftreets paved, and fix paris W. of the mam land of Scotland, and to N. W. of the Ifle of Sky. It is 3o miles in len«;tH, and 41 in breadth, and very well fituated both for the herring and cod-fi(hery. Lewis, a town of the Netherhinds, in Brabant. It was ta' en by the French in 167$, and rendeied back by the treaty of Nimeguen. It is feated in a moraf)«, 10 miles from Louvain, and 3 from St. Tron. I'i fluices lender it very ftrong. L:n. 4. lo- E. lat. 50. 50. N. LcwisBtrRG, a town of N. America, and capit.ilolt'e idand ot Cape Breton. It was taken by the Enghfh in 1745, bur reo- dcreH back to France by the treaty of Aix- la-Chapelle. It was taken aaain by the Englifh, or July a6, 1758, when all the gar- rifon were made prifoners of war, confift- ing of upwards of 5600 men. There were likewife 1 1 men of war in the harbour, which were either taken, funk, or deftr oyed } and was ceded to the conquerors by the peace of 1763. Lon. 61. 30. W. lat. 46. 50. N. 'i he fortifications are now demo- lifhed. • Ley BORN, a confif'erable village in the N. Riiiing of YctJtfhiie, a mile and an haif N. of Middleham, wiih four faiis j viz. on the fecond Friday of Febuary, May, Oc- tober, and December, for horned catsleand fheep. Lryden, a ciry of the United Provinces, in Holland, and capital of Rheinland ; and, ntxt to Amflerdam, is the lareefl place in tl e province. It is feared in a country full of gardens and meadows, furrounded with a great number of rfiches and canals, near the aricicnt bed of the Rhine, whicti iiow looks like a canal. It i« about four inilee T t 2 and LIB Md a half in circumference; and its ditches aie bordered with rows of trees. It has 8 gate», and contains 5* idands, and 145 bridges, the greateft part of which are ntade vith free>(lonc. The piincipal church is a Cupel b Arudlure, whofe high roof is fup- ported by three rows of columns; and the r«n of the public buildings are very hand- fome. There are feveral large hofpitals, «nd an univerfity, which generality hat about sooo ftudents, though there are but two colleges J for the fcholars board in t!)c town, and have no habits to di(lingui(h them from other people The fchool confiftt of a laree pile ot brick- building three ftories high ; in the uppermoil of which the famous Elzevir had his printing-office. Adjoining to the fchools is the phyOc- garden, wbere the pro- fefTor reads Jedures in botany. Tlie li- brary contains curious manufciipts ; and the theatre for anatomy is the fined in Europe. Here are manufactures of the beft cloths and ftuffs in Holland, there being no Icfs than 1600 workmen who are employed in them. This city is famous for being the birth-place of John of Leyden, a taylor by profeflioi., who, in 1534, fet up to be a king ; his followers were a kind of Ana- baptifts, who committed many outrages ; but, the year alter, tiiey were punifhed for their raihnefs and rebellion, and John him- felf was tortured till he died. It is 4 miles £. from the ft;a, i 5 S. E. of Harlem, and ao S. W. of Amftcrdam. Lon. 4. 25. £. lat. 52. 10. N. Lc Y N A, a river cf Germany, which rifes in the confines of Hefle, and running N. thro* the duchy of Brunfwick, paHTes by Gottingen, Calenberg, and Hanover, and falls into the Aller at Batmar. Le YTt, one of the Philippine Iflands, in Afia, feparated from Phihppina by a nar- row channel on the N. £. Lon. 118. e. £. lat. 1 1 . o. N. Lezina, a town of I'aly, in the king- dom of Naples, and in the Capitanata} feated on a bay of the gulph of Venice, 75 miles N. £. of Naples. Lon. 13. 16. £. lat. 41. 40. N. . Lhon, a river of Germany, whicn rifes in RefTe CalTel, and running S. W. pafl'es by Marpurg, Wetzlar, and Na0iu, falling into the Rhine a little above Coblentz; Li BAN us, the name of mountains of Turky in Alia, which lie between Proper Syria and Paledine, extending from W. to £. from the Mediterranean Sea as far as Arabia. The fummits of thefe mountains aiirland, and is 35 miles N. of Memel, and 4c S. W. of Coldengen.' Lon. 21. 27, E. lat. ^6. 27. N. LiBouRNi:, a town of France, in Gui* enne, and in Bjuriielois. Ir is a popotous trading town, and is feated on tie river Dordogne, 20 miles N. E of Bourdeaux, and • 205 S. by W. of Paris. Lon. o 10. W. lat. 44. 55. N. Libya, was the ancient name of allAfrica* but afterwards given only to that part of it which lies to the W. of Egypt. LicH, or LicHA, a town of Germany* in the landgravate of HelTe, and county of Solms, 18 miles N. of Francfort. Lon. 8. 30. £. lat. ;o. 28. N. * Lichtenbbbg, a caftle of France, in Lower Alface, and the chief place of a county of the fame name; feated on a rock, near tiic mountains Vofges, and is looked upon as impregnable. It is 12 miles from Haguenau, Lon. 7. 35. £. lat. 48. 55. N. LicHTENBUBG, B town of Germany, iH the circle of Franeonia, and margiavate of Cullcmbach, zo miles N of CuUembach. Lun. 12. o. E. lat. 50. 26. N. LicHTENFEiiS, n town of Germany, in the circle of Franeonia, and bifhoprick of B.imberg, feated on the river Mayne, i; miles N. E. of Bamberg. Lon. 11. 10. £. lat. 50. 20. N. * LicH fENSTEiN, 8 towH of Swiflef* land, in Tockerbeig, feated on the river Tbour. Lon. 2. 15. E, lat. 47. 25. N. * LicHTSTALL, Bn handfome town of Swifferland, in the county of Bafle } fti^i.^ on the river Ergetz, 5 miles from Bafle. Lon. 7. 57. £. lat. 47. 40. N. LicoLA, or Laco-di-Licola, a laks in the kingdom of Naples, formerly famous for plenty of excellent fifh ; but, in the year 1538, an earthquake happened, which changed one part of it into a Tn>iuntain of aflies, and the other into a morafs. It was anciently known by the name of the Lucrine-^ lake* LiDA, LIE LtDA» a town of Poland, in Lithuania, and in the palatinate of Tioki, with a ca- Ale, 45 milei S, E. of Troki. Lon. 16. 29. £. lat. 53. 50. N. LiDD, a town of Kent, with a market on Thurfdays, and one fair, on July 24, for pedlars ware. It is feared in Rumney- Marth, and is a member of the Cinque- ports., On the eall fide of it is a heap of ftoncs, whi' I) (liey pretend was the tomb of Crifpin \nd Crifpianus. It is 26 miles S, of Canteii iry, and 74 S. E. of London. Lon. o. 58. E. lat. 50. $8. N. LinDE80ALi,a county of Scotland, w hich li'uounded on the N. by Tiviotdale, on the S. E. by Cumberland, and on the S. W. by Annandale. * LiDroRD-GaixN, a place in Somer- fe'fliire, where a fair is kept on Augufl i, for all forts of cattle. LioKopiNo, a town of Sweden, in the province of Weft Gothland, feated on lake Wenar, iz miles N. W. of Skara, t7 N W. of Falkoping, and 25 S. W. of Marieftadt. Lon. 13. 40. E. lat. 58. 1 5. N. * LiDNEV, a village in Gioucefterfhire, feated on the W. bank of the river Severn, 10 miles S. of Dean, with i ■^^o fairs, on May 4, and November 8, for horned cattle. LiscHTZNAu, a town of Germany, in the circle of Franconia, and margravate of Anfpach, 17 miles S. E. of Nurembuig, and fubje£l to that city. Lon. 10.45. £. lat. 49. 18. N. * LiECHTKNAw, 8 town of Germany, in Lower Alface, with a cAftle. It belongs to thecounty of Hanau. Lon. 9. 5. E. lat. 48. 43. N. LiErKENSMOKK,afortrefsofDu'chFlan- ders, feated on theW. flde of the rtver Scheid , over-againft Fort Lillo. Oppofite to this fort the Dutch forced the French lines in 1703. It is 7 miles N. W. of Antwerp, Lon. 4. 10. £. lat. 51. 17. N. LiKGE, an anciei\r, populous, large town of Germany, in the circle of We(>phalia, and capital of a bithoprick of the fame name. Here the river Maefe or Meufe is divided into three branches, which, afcr having paffed through the ftreets under feveral bridges, unite again. Formerly the inhabi- tants would not fubmit to the bifhopj but, after he had built two fortified caftles, they were forced to fubmit. The old caftle is in the town, and ftill fubfifts ; and (hough tlie new, which is on the other fide, was r a town of Ireland, in the coun- ty of Donnegal, and province of UKler, 24 miles N. £• of Donnegal. Lon. 5. 45. W. lat. $4. 47. N. * Li r TON, a village in Devonshire, 4 miles E. of Launcedon, in Cornwall, with three fairsy on February x, Holy Thuifday, and October x8, for cattle. LiGMB, a town of the Auflrian Nether- lands, in Hainhault, feated on the river Den ■ dcr» IX miles N.W. of Mons. Lon. 3. 35. E. lat. so. 45. N. *LiCNiERE3, a town of France, in Ber- ry, furrounded with walls, towers, and ditches. It has a collegiate church and a ca- file, and is sx miles S.S. W. of Bourges. Lon. I. ao £. lat. 46. 47. N. LiCNiTz, a town of Germany, in Sile- fia, with a cadle, and capital of a principa- lity of the fame name ; feated on the rivu- let Cet, II miles N. of Jaur, and 35 S. of Glogaw. Lon. 16. xi. E. lat. 51. S. N. L16MY, a handfome town of France, in the duchy of Bar, of which ir is the prin- cipal, next toBar-le-duc, with a caHle, j collegiate church, and a handfome park j feated on the river Orney, 8 miles S. E. of Bar-le due, and 1x5 S. £. ofPaiis. Lon. 5. X7. £. lat. 48. 39. N. * LiGOR, atownof AHa, in the penin- fula of Malacca, and capital of a fmall ter ritory of the fame came, with a harbour, and a magazine belonging to the Dutch E. India Company. It is feated on the eaftern coad, and it in the kingdom of Siam. Lon. joo. 55. E. lat. 7.40. N. * LiGOEii, a townof France, in Tou- raine, with the title of a barony } feated on L I M a brook, in a very fertile country^ and tdH* rains about 1300 inhabitants- It is s] miles S. S. E. of Tours. Lon. o. 5a. E. hu 47. 3. N. LiLLiRs, a town of France, in Artoit, whofe foitifications are demolifhed. It ia feated on the river Navez, 17 miles N, W. of Arras. Lon. x. 3X. E. lat. 50. 35. N. Lrtto, a fortrefs of the Netherlands, in Dutch Biabanr, feated on the E. fide of the liver Schelde, 8 miles N. of Antwerp ; built in the year 1584, and the Spaniards wersi obliged to raife the fiege in 1688. It com> mands the naviga'ion on the river Schclde. Lon, 4. 12. E. lat. 51. 18. N. Li MA, a city of S. America, in Peru, of which it is capital, with an archbi(hop*t fee, and an univerlity. It gives its name to the principal audience of Peru, and is furround- ed with brick walls, fortified with feveral ramparts and badions, eight yards high. The ftieets are handfome, and asftraitaa a line, but the houfes are generally only one Hory high, on account of the earth- quakes. However, they are pretty enough, and well adorned, having lungr galleries on the front. One part of the roofs are covered with coarfe linen cloth, and the others only with reeds, which is not inconvenient, becaufe it never rains here; however, the riched inhabitants cover theirs with fine mats, or beautiful cotton-cloths. There are trees planted all round their houTcs, to keep off the heat of the fun. What the houfes want in height they have in length and depth, for fome of them are xco feet long, and proporticnably broad, fo that they have 10 or 12 large apartments on the ground floor. The royal fquare is very handfome, and in the middle there is a fountain of bronze, adorned with the image of Fame, which fpouts out water. On the F.. and W. fides are the public ftruftures, which are well built. The river which croiTcs Lima forms canals or ftreams which run to moft of the houfes, and ferve to wa- ter their gardens, as well as for other ufes. A II tliu churches and convents are extremely rich, and many images of the faints a^e of mafly gold, adorned with jewels- This city is 4 miles in length, and 2 in breadth, and is divided into 8 parishes, and yet it con- tains but »8,ooo inhabitants, wher-iof 900a are Spaniards. They make ufe of mules to draw their coaches with, and of thefe there are about 5000. It is the feat of the vice- roy, and contains feveral courts, as that ef the viceroy, of the archbifhop, of the in- quifition, of the crufado, and of the wills. Earthquakes are here very fretiuent, and fome L E I if)ine have done this ctty a great deal of da- ' mage, particularly that in 1746, by which it was almoft dedroyed ; and, if it was not for this, it would be a perftfl paradire. there being plenty of corn, wine, oil fugar, fiuits, and flax. The inhabitants are fo rich, that when the viceroy, who was duke of Falata, and r«nt from Spain to Peru in i68x, and made his public entrance into this city, the inhabitants paved the (greets he was to pafs through with ingots ot fii- ver. The inhabitants of Lima are very de- bauched, but at the fame time extremely fuperAitiout, and they have a (Irong belief in the power of charms. About a fourth part of the city are monks and nuns, who are not a jot more cliafte than the refl ; and if any one happens to rival a monic, he is in danger of his life, for they always carry 9 dagger under their frocks. The nuns are fuch libertines, that it is hard to find any free from the French difeafe, of which they fometimes die for want of good phyficians. The greateft Tinners think they atone for all their faults by hearing a mafs, and kiffrng the robe of St. Francis or St. Hominic, and then they return to their former praftices. It is feated on a large, pleafant, feitile plain, on a fmall river, near the fea. Lon. 68. 45. W.lat. 12. 15, S. Lima, the audience of, a large province | of S. America, in Peru, lyir.g on the S. Sea, with a large valley, and a river of the fame name. It is bounded on the N. by the audience of Quito, on the E. by the moun- tains called the Andes, on the S. by the au- dience de los Charcos, and on the W. by the S. Sea. There are feveral animals in this province, which are very fierce and dan- gerous, efpecially near the mountains ; but that which they call a lion is not one, for it is more like a wolf, and never attacks man- kind. However, there are very large taw- ney timers, which are as wild and fierce as thofe of Africa. * LiMAGNc, a territory of France, in Lower Auvergne, lying along the river Al- licr, bein< about 37 miles in length fiom N. to S. It is one of the moft fertile and fine plains in France, and is very popu« lous, LiMALE, a town of the Auflrian Nefher- lanriS', in Brabant, feated on the river Dyle, 13 miles S. E. of BruHcls. Lon. 4. 30. E lat. 50. 45. N. LiMBUBc, a town of rhe Auftrian Ne- therlandi;, and capital of a duchy of the fame name. It \v«s taken by the French in '675, hy the Imperialifts in 1702, but af- .tcrwardti geded to the Aurtrians, the forti- fications having been firft demoliflied. It L E I tt feated on a mountain, near tTie river Vefe, 17 miles S. of Aix la Chapelle, and ■ S S. E. of Liege. Lon. 6. 8. E. lat. 50. 40. N. LiMBtTRO, the duchy of, a pi evince of the AuHrian Netherlands, bounded on tha N. and E. by the duchy of Juliers, on part of the E. by the territory of Aix la-Cha- pelle, and on the S. and W. by the teiritorf of Lie^.e, from which ic is feparated b/ the river Mdtfe. It is about ';o mileii in length, and 23 in breac'th. |t contain* fome of the beft iron mines in the Nether- lands, and the foil is good for corn and paAuies. LiMtRicK, a town of Ireland, in the county of the fame name, and province of Munftcr, with a bifhop's fee. I( is an ele- gant, rich| and populous place, of great firen^th, paitly feated on an idand cf the river Shannon, and may be reckoned two towns, which aie joined together by a hand- fome flone bridge. It is ftrbng both bf nature and art, and ftrengthened by a wall and a caAIe, and the river ferves inftead of ditches. The cai\le and the cathedral ftand in the upper town, and both have little draw-bridges. It ftands 50 miles from the fea, but as the river has neither bar, rock, nor fand bank, fliips may come up as far as tha walls, which renders it a trading- place. It underwent two fharp fieges, in 1693 and 1691, and at la(l was obliged to furrender to king William III. but the gar- rifon were at liberty to retire where they pleafed. It is 27 miles S. of Galway, and 100 S. W. of Dublin. Lon. 8. 30. W. lat. 52. 35: N. *LTMERicK,a county of Ireland, in the province of Murder, 48 miles in length, and 23 in breadth, bounded on the N. hj the river Shannon, on the W. by the ocean, on the S, by the counties of Kerry and Cork, and on the E. by that of Tipperary, It contains 17,019 houfes, 130 parifhes, 10 baronies, 3 boroughs, and fends 8 mem- bvrs to parliament. It is a fertile country, and wtll inhabited, though the W. parts are mountainous. Limcxick is the capital town. LiMMiNGTON, a town in Hampfliire, with a market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on May i* and Odlober 13, for horfe«, cheefe, and bacon ; feated on a hill, near the fea, and fends z members to parlianient. It is 14 miles S. W. of Southampton, and 85 S. W. of London. Lon. i. 45. W. lat. 50. 45. N. LiMNcvADY, a town of Ireland, in the county of Londonderry, and province of Ulfter, 14 miles N. £. of Londonderry. Lon. I. A X Lon. 6. t6. W. lat. 55. 5. N. LiMOGii, an ancient and confiderabU town of France, in tlie province of Gui> «nne, and capital of Limofin, wit!) a bi- Ihop'i fee. It IS a trading pUce, and iti horfes are in great cdeem. it ia feaied on the river Viennc, 50 nnilei N. £. of I'eri- gueux, and iioE.of Bourdeaux. Lon. 1. »z. £. lat. 41. 48. N. * LiMOsiN, a province of France, bounded on (he N. by La Marclie, on the E. by Auvergne, on the S. by Quercy, and on the W. by i'erigoid and Ani;uumuis. )t is divided into the Upper and Lower, the for* tner of which is very co!d, but the Utter more temperate. It is covered with foreAs of chefnut- trees, and c( ntains mines of lead, copper, tin, and iron, but the principal trade confiOs in cUttle and horfes. * LiMouKs, a town of France, in Hure- pois, with a ro>al caAle, out of repair. It it in the diocefe of Pans, and is ao miles S. W. of that city. LiMovx. a Hron;;, populous town, in Lower Langueduc, and capital of the county of Razez. It is a trading- place, and is feat- ed on the river AuHe, 37 miles W. by S. of Naibcnne, and 50 S. E.of Touloufc. Lon. %, ai. E. lat. 43. 5. N. • LiMruRG, a barony of Germany, in the circle of Franconi,), included almoA en- tirely within Suabia, and fcatcd to the S of Hall in Suabia. It is about 15 miles long, and 8 bioad. Gailderf and Shonbuig, near vrhich is the caltle of Limpuig, are tlse prin- fipal places. LiMPURC, a town of Germany, in the electorate of Triers, or Treves, and in Wet- teravia, formerly free and imperial, but now fubjefl to the electorate of Treves. It is fcated on the liver Lhon, 10 miles N. £ oi NafTau, and 20 N. of Mentz. Lon. 8. 13. I. lat 50 iS. N. • LiNCH ANCHi, a town ofN America, in New Spain, and in the territory of Juch tan, 10 miles fromSelem. Lon. 87. 50. W lat. 70. 40. N. LiNCHX, a ftrong town of Fsench Flan- ders, feated on the river Culne, iz miles S. W. of Dunkirk. Lon. 2. zo. £. lat. 50. 3. N. LiMcotTi, the capital town of Lincoln Aiire, with a maiket on Fridays, and four fairs; on the fecond TuifJay after Apiil la, Ju. ■ 5, firfl Wednefday after Sepfem- ber 12, and November 12, for horfes, cat- tle, and fheep. I: is pleafantly feated on the fide of a hill, on the river Witham, which divides into feveral (treams, and wit- ters the lower part of the city, over which there are divert bridges. It had formerly L E C {0 churchei, which are now reduced to I4« bcfides the cathedral, or minAer. It it well built, and well inhabited, and the Hiopt are well fumifhed with commoditiei, Jt ii a bifhop's fee, whofe diocefe is tlw largell in England. The cathedral is one of the mod fuperb ftruAures of this kind in England, and the country to the N. may be feen for 50 miles diftance. The great bell, called Tom of Lincoln, requiiea 15 able men to ring it. It has the tide of an earldom, and fcnJi t membera to parlia* ment. It i< a county of itfelf, whofe li> bertiet extend to miles in ciicumferencc. It is 31 miles N. £. of Nottingham, and 118 N. of London. Lon. o. 27. W. lat. 53.13. N. LiNcoLNSHiii, a county of England, 75 miles in length, and 44 in breadth, bounded on the £. by the German Ocean, on the W by Nottinghamfhire, on the N. by York(hire, and on the S. by Rutland* fhire, Northamptonlhire, and Cambridge- fhire. It contams 4590 houfes, 14,340 in- habitants, 631 pariflies, and 31 market* towns, whertof 5 fend members to par- liament ; which, with a for (he coun:y, make 12 in all. The principal rivers are t'e Humber, the Trent, the Wiiham, the Ni:e, the Welland, the Ankham, and the Dun. It is divided into three parts, Lind- i fiy, KeAeven, and Holland j the air of this laft is unwholefome and foi^gy, on account of the fens and large mai (hes. The foil of the N. and W, parts ia very fertile, and abounds in corn and paAurei. The £. and S, parts are rot fo proper for corn, but then tliey fupply them with fi(h and fowl in great plenty, particularly ducks and gcefe. Lin- coln is the principal town. LiNDrNFELlS, or LiNDKNriLD, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, 17 miles N of Heidelberg. Lon. 8. 47. £ lat. 49 41. N. Lf NDKOpiNc, a town of Sweden, in the province of W Gothland, of which it is capital, with a bilhop's fee; 83 miles S, W. of Stockholm. Lon. 16. 23. £. lat. 58* 20. N. LiNDOw, a very Arong, free, and im- perial toiwn of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and territory of Algovv. Here is a celebrated abbey of cannneflTts, whofe ab- befs is a princcfs of the empire, apd a Ro- man Catholic, though the inhabitants of the town are Proteitants. It is a trading place, and is feated on an idand of the lake ConAance, 12 mWes S. E. of Buckhurn, and 7 5 S. by W, of Augfburg. Lon. 9. 55. Ei lat' 47. 35. N. Lindsay, thsN, divifion of the county of L 1 N •f Lincoln, which givM title to a m^rqutn. * LiNottw, a village in Sufi' ilk, i';mil(.« i. of l|>fwicli, with une fair, on July 2;, for toyi. * LiNriRin.a vill»f;e in SufTx. 8 milej E. of S. GrinAcicf, with 3 furs on May (>, for horned cattle j on VV'lil-Tutfd.iy, lor horned cattle and hoirkSj and on 0.f the f^noe name, with the title of an earl- dom ; rcmaikable for its antiquity, lak«, park, and royal palace, finifh'ed by king James I. It is 16 miles W. of Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 5. W. lat. 56. 4. N. * LiNtiTHGo, a (hire of Scotlan^l, which fends 2 members to pailiamenr, one for the burghs of Linlithgow, &c. and one for the bu.^hs of Qneensfeiry, &c. * LiNosA, an idand of the Mediterra- nean Sea, on the coafl of Africa, iz miles from Lampedufa, almoft over-againfl Ma- hometta, in Barbary, and is about ix miles in circumference* Lon. 13. 31. £. lat. 34. o. N. LiNTz, a very handfome town of Ger- many, capital of Upper Autlria, with two fortified caftles, the one upon a hill, and the other below it. Here is a hall, in which the dates afTemble, a bridge over the Da- nube, a fine Jtfuits college, and fevera! ma- nufactures, bofides which they make a great deal of gunpowder. The French became maflers of it in 1741, but the Auflrians re- took it in 1742. It is feated on the Danube, where the Traen falls into it, 42 miles £. of PafTaw, and 100 W. of Vienna. Lon. 14. 33. E. lat. 48. 16] N. Li N T z, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of the Lower Rhine, and electorate of Cologne, fubjeCt to that eleClor. It is feated on the Rhine, 15 miles N. W. of Coblentz, and zo S. W. of Cologne. Lon. 7. I. £. lat. 50. 31. N. LiNTOw, a town of C.imbridgefhire, with a market on Thurfdays, and z fair^-, on Holy-Thurfday, and Augufl 30, for hoifes ; feated on the confines of this county, to- wards EfTex, and is 11 miles S. H. of Cam- kridg(*and46 N. by E. of London. Lon. o. 11. E. lat. 15.8. N. l-niNs, a town o! I rince, in Upper T'oN minly, 5 miltS from E^ouit, 10 from (loiirriii, ,Ti:d 17 from Rouen. Lon. i. 35. E. lit. 4*j. 15. N. Li PAR I, .in ifl.ind of tKe McliterrantMn j S-!.!, to the N of .Sicil/, to w'iili it is, .is it were, snnc?;i.l. It is the hrge > of tic- ic- vtn idindi <..' t!)(* f.ime name, and i» .iliout I I ^ miles in ciuumfcence ; alfunds in coin, I bitumen, fnlijliur, allum, and mine'al wa- ters and more tTpecially in fi>;»ijrcl griper, Thii niniri O'' f'le uthtri- aic, Stiomboli^ I'aic, Rouo, I'anaiii, Saline, V ilcano, Fr.nicufj, Ali or, .nnd U'lici, of wl ic'i t/.u or thne vomit flames of tiic, which niiy bM I rj and by the Turks ag-iin in 169J, who abandoned it in 1691;, after having demoIiHied the for- tifications. It is feated on a mountain, zs miles N. E. of Temefware, and 7 5 N. by E. of Belgrade. Lon. 21. ^5. E. lat. 36. 5. N, •LipPE, a river of Germany, in the cir- cle of Weftphalia, wliich has its fourca at the village of Lijipfprink, in t'ne bifhoprick of Paderborn, w. flies the town of the famo name, befidei Ham and D^iiien; after which it falls into the Rhine a little above Wefel. • Lt p p E, a county of Germany, inWef?- plialia, lying ca a river of the fame name, between the bifnonticks of Paderborn and Munfier, t'e duchy of Weltphalia, and the counties of Ravenfpurg and I'irmont. LiPSTADT, a confiderable town of Ger- many, in the circle of Weftphalia, and ca- pital of the county of Lippe. It w:!s for merly free and imperial ; but is now partfy fubjeCl to its own counts, and paitly to the elector of Brandenburg. It is feared in an unhealthy morafs on the river Li;>pe, 17 miles S. W. of Padeiborn, and 13 S. E. of Munfter. Lon. 8. 27. E. lat. 51.43. N. Lk^uk, a town of tlie French Ne^her- U u land» L IS L I T • .* hnd«, in \ht province of Artols, it ftnilei W. of St. Oa\fti. Lon. ». o. £. I»l. 50. 41. N. • Lmt, « town of the AurtrUn Nether- lands, in Biabant, and in the quarter of Antwerp ) fealed at the confluence of the liver Nitl e, 9 milen N. of Mechlin, or Ma- lincs, and ix S. E. of Antweip. Lon. 4. 36. E. lat. 51. 9. N. Lis, a river of the French Netherlandi, which has its fouice at LKburg, in Artois ; and running N. E. into Fi.in-!ers; pajres by Aire, St. V\ enant, Armentiers, Mcnin, Cour- tiay, anH Dians, and then falls into the ri- ver Scheld at Ghent. Lisbon, ti.e capital of the kingdoi?) of Poitugal, lately a large, rich, ftrong, cele- brated city, and one of tl^e principal of Eu- rope, with an archbifhop's fee. an univerfi- ty, a tribunal of the inquifiiion, a Arong caOle, and a harbour 12 miles in length. The fquarej, the publick buildings, the pa- laces, .md every other part, were very mag- nificent ; but it was almoft totally deflroyed by an earthquake on November 1,175;, and it not yet entirely rebuilt. The harbour vi)l contain feveral thoufand fail of fhips, which ride in the grcateft f.tfcty ; and the city, being viewed from the fouthcrn fliore of the river, afforded a beautiful profpcdl, as the buildings rofe gradually one above another. There were 30,000 houfes, 200,000 inhabitants, 40 pari/h churches, befides the •athedtal, and 40 convents for both fcxes. It is feated on the river Tagus, 10 miles from the mouth of it, 188 W. by N, of Se- ville, and x6$ .S. by W. of Madrid. Lon. 8. 5. W. lat. 38. 4*. N. Li 8 B u R N, a town of Irelind, in t!ie coun- ty of Antiim, and piovince of UlHer. It was burnt down about 35 years avn j but is now rebuilt in a neat, handfome nianrer, and has a large manufedory for linen-cloth. It is feated on the river Laggan, 7 miles S. W. of Belfafl. Lon. 6. ao. W, lat. 54. 31. N. * L18CA-B1ANCA is a finalldcfert ifland lit thefea of Tufcany, and ome of the Lipari, 5 miles from that which is pioperly fo called. Li s I E ex, a confidcrable town of France, in Upper Normandy, with a bifliop's fee. The churches and religious houfes, and die bifhop's palace, are all very handfome ftru£^ures. It is a tracking plate, and is feated at the confluence of the rivurs Ar- beck and GafTi, 12 miles from the fea, and 40 S. W. cf Rouen. Lon. o. 20. £. lat. 49. ti. N. Lisle, a larre, rich, handfome, and Arorg tvwn of French Flanders, of which it is the capital, with a Arong ciAle, and ft citadel built by Vauban, and faid to be the fineA in Europe, as well at the bcA forti- tied. The large fquare, and the publick buildings, are very handfome j and they have manufactures of fliks, cambricki, and canibleis, at wtll as other Auff.^, which have been brought to great perftd>ion. It was taken by the duke of MaMborough, after three months fiege, and the lofs of miny thoufandt of men, in lycS ; but re- llored to the French by the treaty of Utrecht, in confideration of their di molirti- ing the fortificaiicns of Dunki k. It i% feated on the river Dude, 14 miles W. of Tournay, 3* S. W. of Ghent, 37 N. W. of Mons, and 1 30 N. of Paris. Lon, 3. 9. £• lat. 50. 38. N. Li 8M0R (, one of the WeAern Ifbnds of Scotland, feated at the mouth of the bay of Lochyol, in Argylefhire. It is 8 milea long, and 2 broad, and the foil is pretty fertile. It was formerly the refldence of the bifliops of Argyle. * LisoNzo, a river in Italy, which hat its fource in Upper Carinthia, ruTis through part of the republic of Venice, and falU into the Gulph of Venice, at a harbour of the fame name. * Liss, a village in Hampfhire, with one fair, on May 6, for horned cattle and horfes, L-issA, anifland in the Gulph of Venice, on the coaA of Dalmatia, belonging to the Venetians, where they have a fifheiy of far- dines and anchovies. It produces excellent I wine, and is 70 miles W. of Ragufa. Lon. 17. o. E. lat. 43. 22. N. Lisa, a town of Poland, in the palati- nate of Pofna, of which it is the capital ; 50 miles W. of Califh. Lon. 16. o. £. lat. 32. IS. N. Liss A, a village of Silefia, 16 miles from Breflau, remarkable for a battle fought be- tween the PrufTians and the AuArians, on the 15th of December 1757, when the latter were entirely defeated. Litchfield, a city of Staffordfhire, with two markets, on Tuefdays and Fri- days, and three fairs ; vi?. on Shrove- Mon- day, for cattle, fheep, bacon, cheefe, and iion ; on May 12, for flieep and cattle ; and on Friday before November 8, for geefe and cheefe. I: is a city and county of itfelf, and is feated in a pleafant champain coun- try ; is divided from the clofe and cathe- dral, which are joined together by 2 bridges and caufeways; is well-built, indifferentljr large, and contains 3 parifh-dhurches, be- fides the cathedral, which is a handfome Arudlure. Here is a free grammar- fchool L and '■•> *L T r Ifid two ItofpitAls, und It it mucli rcquente<, fey the be'ter fort uf people. It is 14 unlet S. E. of Stafi'o'd, and itS N. W. of Lon- don. Lon. 1.40. Wt lat. 5*. 4V ^^< This, together with Coventry, is the fee of a bi- Ihop. Lithuania, alargecoun'ry of Europe, whicli now makes part of Poland, with the tide of a vrand (Uichy. ]t i* hounded on the S. by Voliiinia, and part of Red RutTia ; on the W. by Upper Poland, PoUchia, Du- cal PrufTia, and Samo{;itia ; on the N. by Livonia and Mofcovia, which alfo bounds it on the E. It is about 300 miles i- length, •nd 150 in breadth, and is watered by feve- ral large rivers, the principal of which are, the Nieper, the Dwina, the Neman, the Pripecz, and the Bogg. It is divided into S palatinates; namely, Troki, Min(ki, No- voj;rodcc, Bre(lia,Wilnia, Mfcinau.Vitepdc, and Polocflc. It is a flat country, like Po- land ; and the lands are very proper for til- lage. The foil is not only feiiile in corn, but it produces honey, wood, pitch, and vaft quantities of wool. They have alfo txcel- Jent little horfes, which :hey never nio», bccaufe their hoofs are very hard. Their rivers likewife }ield great plenty of fifli. The inhabitants refennble the Poles in many refpefls ; but they fpeak a different lan- guage, have particular cuftoms, and other privileges. The peafants are more mifera- ble than thofe of Poland ; and they obferve neither holidays nor Sundays. The pre- vailing religion is the Roman Catholic ; however, there are a gteat number of Lu- therans, CalviniftR, Socinians, Arians, Creeks, Jews, and Turks, who ate all tole- rated. LiNADiA, a province of Turky in Eu- rope. It is founded on the N. by ThelTaly ; on the £. by the Archipelago) on the S. by the Morea ; and on the W. by Janna. The capital town is Athens, now called Setines. LivADiA, an ancient town of Turky in Europe, and capital of a province of that name. Ic carries on a trade in wool, corn, and rice, wherewith it furniOies all Greece ; is 58 miles N. W. of Setines, and Gz S. E. of Lepanto. Lon. 23. 29. £. lat. 38. 40. N. * LiVADOSTA, a town ofLivadia. It is feated on the gulph of Lepanto, in the ifthmus of Corinth, to the N. of a city of that name, with a bifhop's fee. • Li vsNZA, a river of Italy, in the ter- ritory of Venice, which runs on the confines ,«fthe Marche of Trevifano, and of Friuli. Ader it has received the Celino, it falls into the Gulph of Venice, between the mouth of the Piava and the town of Caorli. f LiVBADUN, a town of I days, and five fairs ; on March 13, for horfet and pedlars ware} on Holy-Thurfday, July 9, and fird Thurfday in September, for cat- tle, horfes, and flieep ; and on December ri, for cattle and pedlars ware. It is feated between the rivers Brane and Sawthy, which foon empty themfelves into |ho Towey, and is but an indifferent place. It is ]8 miles N. £. of Carmarthen, and 168 W. N. W. of London. Lon. 4. o. W. lat« 52. 5. N. • Llancerniew, a village Qf Denbigh- (hire, in N. Wales, with five fairs ; viz. on March 29, May 16, June 29, September 29, and November 29, all for cattle. *Llaucinpairn, a village of Carmar* ihenfliire, in S, Wales, with one fair, on Augufl 5, for cattle, horfes, and pedlars ware. * Llangollen, a town of Denbigh* fliire, in N. Wales, 7 miles S. W. of Wrex- ham, with 5 fairs, viz. on the laft Friday in January, March 17, May 31, Auguitai, and November xz, for fheep, horned cattle, and horfes. ^Llanharn, a town of Carmarthen- fhire, in S. Wales, with a maiket on Fri- days, and one fair^ on December 10, for cat- tle, iioifcs, and pedlars ware. It is feated at the mouth of the river Towey, near the ure« are but meanly built, and are about loo in all. It is similes N. E. of Carmar- tlien, and i ii W. N. W. of London. Lun. 3. 50. W. lat. 51. 6. N. * Ll.ANNKRCHYMEADD, » Village Of tlie IHe of Anglefea, in N. Wales, with four fairs ; viz. on February 5, April 25, May 6, and Thurfday after Trinity, for ALWYD, a village of Denbighfhire, in N. Wales, with «ne fair, on Odiober 17, for cattle. Llantrissxnt, atown of Qiamoncan- ihire, in S. Wales, with a market on Fri- {days, and three fairs ) viz on May i, Ai|- guft I, and OAober 18, for cattle. It it feated in a hilly part of the country, and it an ancient place, governed by a port-reeve, vrho is fworn by the deputy conftable of the canie that ftands near it. It is 10 mil« W. of Landaff, and 149 W, of Lon4M. Lon, 3. 16. W. lat. jf. 37. N. * LtANuriDD, a village of Denbigh- fhire, in N. Wales, 5 miles W. of Denbigh, with four fairs; viz. on March 18, May 1 3, Auguft i/>f and November so, all for ' pttle. LLANvitLii»9, atownofMontgon^ery- (hire, in N.Wales, with a market on Thurf- L O A N. W. of London. 45. N. Lon. 3, 20. W. lat. 51. ^ays, and four fairs; viz. on Wednefday P>efore Eafter, May 24, June 28, and OAo- ^r 5, for (heep, horfes, and horned cattle. |c it feated in a fiat, among the hills, near ^he river Cane, and it a pretty good place, f^ i« 15 milei N, of MoptgoiT}cry| «nd 158 * Llanwinoc, a vilUgeofCarmarthen- (hire, in S. Wales, with one fair, on Mon- day before Whitfunday, for cattle, lioifes, and pedlars ware. * Llanwnen, a village of Cardigan- fhire, in S. Wales, with one fair, on De- cember 24, for cattle, horfes, and pedlars ware. * Lf.ANWYNEcic, a village in Shrop. fhire, fix miles from Ofwefticy, with two fairs ; viz. on May 39, and September 29, for fheep, horned cattle, and horfes. * Llanydlos, a town of Montgome- ryfhire, in N. W%les, with a market on Sa- turdays, and five fairs ; viz. on the firft Sa- turday in April, May 11, July 17, firft Saturday in September, and Oftober 28, for (heep, horfes, and horned cattle. It is iS miles S. W. of Montgomery, and 157 W« N. W. of London. Lon. 3. z8. W. lat. jx* 30. N. LtAUGHARN, See L'.ANHARN. * Llemn^vchllyn, a village of M*« rioncthfliire, in N. Wales, with two fairs, on September 22, and Odtober 16, for fheep, horned cattle, and horfes. * Lo, a confiderabls town of France, i« Lower Normandy, with manufactures of cloths, ftufft, and iron. It is feated on the river Vire, in a fertile country, 12 miles from Coutanceb, and 165 W. of Paris. Loo. I. 3. W, lac 49. 7. N. LoANoOf a fmall ifland of Africa, on the coaft of Angola. It is 12 miles in t.ngth, and three quarters of a mile in breadth. It has a town of the fame name, which is capital of the kingdom of Angola, in S. Guiney, with a very good harbour, a fore, and a bifhop's fee. It is large and handfcme, confiderini; the country, and may contain about 3000 'toufes, built of flone, and covered with tiles. Betides thefe, there are a vaft number of negroes huts made of flraw and earth. The Jefuits have a college here, and th(;re are feveial other religious houfes ; but they have no frefh wa- ter. They have a prodigious numbc)r of (laves, infomuch that the Jefuits alone have at leaii sooo. It belongs to the Portu< guefe. Lon. is. 25. £. lat. 8. 45. S. Loan GO, a confiderable kingdom of Africa, in S. guinea, lying on the fea-fide, being about a;o mile« in length, and 188 in breadth. The king and his court refide in a town of the fame name ; and it is pre- tended that the natives are converted to Chrifl|anity, at leaft the greateft part of them. The land is fo fruitful, that they ^ave three crops of milUt in a y^T ; and theif L 6 D there are a great number of trees from V'bence they draw palm-wine. Their prin- cipal trads confifts in elephants teeth, C'-p- per, tin, lead, iron, and flavcs. Before they were converted, they circumcifed their chil- dren, witlioui knowing wliy. The women cultivate the ground, fow, and get in the liarvclt. The inhabitants are bla.k, well made, mild, and traiTiabie. This country produces feveral kinds of fruits; and, it ia laid, is fubjcft to the Portuguefe- • LoBAW, a town of Fohlh Pruflia, with a caftle, where the bilhop of Culm re- fides. It is 15 miles from Culm. Lon. 19. sS. E. ht. 52. 5S. N. LoBOA, a town of Spairtj in the province ©f Eftremadura. It is feated on the river Guadiana, 22 miles E. cf Badajoz. Lon. 7.0. W. lat. 38.48. N. Ltvc A K N o, a town of SwifTerland, capital •f a bailiwick of the fame name, feated at th« N. end of the lake Maggiorc, near the river Magie. It carries on a great trade ; and the country abounds in paftures, wine, and fruits. It is 60 miles N. of Novara, and 65 N. by W. of Milan. Lon. 8.41. E. lat. 46, 6. N. LocHABBR. See L0i?h a Caftle. In the choir of the colIec;ia»e church is the tomb of Agnes Sorel. It is leaded on the river Inder, near a forefl, 15 miles S. of Atnboife, and zo S. £. of Tours, Lon. f . 4. £. lat. 47. 8. N. LocHM ABCN, a town of Scotland, in the eownty of Annandale, 15 miles N. E. of Dumfries. Lon. 3.0. W. lat. 55. lo. N. Loch T A, a fea-port town of Sweden, in X. Botimia, feated on the gu!ph of Bothnia, 90 miks S. of Tornea. Lon. at. o. E. lat. 65. o. N. Lochrida, orOcRiPA, atownofTur ky, in Europe, feated on a hill, near a lake of the fame name, in the province of Albania, with a Greek archbilhop's fee. It is a pretty large place, and well fortified, being 70 miles S. £, of Ourazzo. Lon. 21. o. E. lat. 41. o. N. * LoDDON, a town in Norfolk, with a fmall maiket on Fridays, and two fairs, on Eaf^er- Monday, for perry-chapmen, and on November 11, for horfes and hogs. It is 8 miles S. E. of Norfolk, and 105 N. E. of London. Lon. i< is EJat. 52, 3S, L O ! * LoDiSAN, a fmall diflrifl of Italy, in the duchy of Milan, Ic lies along the river Adda, and is very fettiia and populous I'» cheefes are in very high cfieem. Lodi Is the capital town. Lnnr.vE, an .incicnf town of France, in Langutdoc, with a hifhop's fee. Its manu- faflures in cloth tender it very rich, but iC is feated in a dry, barren country, on the ri- ver Lergue, at the foot of the Cevennes, »f miles N. W. of Montpelier, and 41 N. W, of Naibounc. Loo. 3. 25. E. lat. 43. 47. N. Lodi, a large and flrong town of Italy, in the duchy of Milan, and capital of the Lodefan. It is feated in a pleafant country, that produces plenty of all things, zo miles S. E. of Milan, and 15 N. W. of Placentia, Lon. 9. 26. E lat. 45. 18. N. LoDRONK, a town of Italy, in the bi- (hoprick of Trent, feated on the fmall lake Idro, at the place where it receives the river Chiefe j 31 miles S. W. of Trent, Lon. io» 24. E. lat. 46. 20. N. LoEMEi, a town of the Auflrian Nether- lands, in Brabant, 30 miles S. of Bois-le- duc, and 35 £. of Antwerp. Lon. 5. io» E. lat. 51. ao. N. LoEWENSTEiN, a foftrcfs of Germany, in Franconia, and chief place of a difiiido£ the fam^ name. * LotwENSTEiK, a fmall territory of Germany, in the circle of Franconia, in- cluded in that of Suabia, except a fmall place which joins towaids the N. with the county of Hollach. It is about 10 miles long, and 2 broad. LoGA. See Loxa. ■ ''- ' ' * LoGowoGORoD, a town of Poland, in Lower Volhinia, famous for a Ijattle fought there in 1749. It is feated on the W. bank of the river Niejfer, 45 miles N. W. of Kiow. Lon. 31. 47. E. lat. 50. 46. N. Log RON NO, an ancient town of Spain, in Old CaAile, in a country abounding with excellent fruits, good wines, and all the ne» celTdries of life. It is feated on the river Ebro, 55 miles E. of Burgos, and 115 N« by E. of Madrid. Lon. 2. 3. W. lat. 42. 26. N. * Loir, a river of France, which has its fource in Perche, and lofes itfeif in the Sarc at Briole. Loire, a large liver of France, which has its fource in the Viverais, at mount Gerbeir-le-Joux, and pafles through Forcz, Bourbonnois, Nivernois, Berri, Anjou, and Dretagne, falling into the ocean between Croifie and Bourcneuf. It begins to be na- vigable at Roanne. * Lomacns> a fmall diAri^ of France, L O N L O N 47' In Gifconfi which makes part of Loafer Ar- ' the ftde of the water there were D^wf aft magnac. land Billlngrgate, long fince drmolifhed, aa * Lombards, a people which fome fay well as the podern gate near the Tower, and took their name from their long beards, or, the greateft part of the walls. In the year as others, from the long halberds, wliich ' 1670 there was a gate ereded, called Tern* they call Barden. They dwelt at tirl) in the pie- Bar, which determines the bounds of the country now called the Middle Marche of city weft ward. This city has undergone Brandenburg, but were invited into Italy great calamities, of various kinds, but the by the emperor Jufiinian, to ferve a^ainft '. two lalt were moft remarkable } that is, the the Goths; and to reward their fervices he , plague in 1665, which fwept away 68,596 gave th£m Norica, and part of 'Jp}.?r Panno- { perfons, and tie fire in 1666, wiiich burnt nia in 548. From hence in 5;* t.iey pafll-d j down i j.zoodwelling-houfes ; in memory into Italy, and their chief was declareJ king ; of this lad there is an obeiilk ercfted, called l)y the army at Milan, in 570. This king- '•■ the Monument, near tlie place wliere it b«- dom fuhlifted by the name of Lombardy till gan, which is one of the moft rtmarkabkt 772, when Charlemain took Defiderius king of the Lombards, and became mailer of its territories, which, befides the countries juft mentioned, included all the territories of Venice, the bifhoprick of Trent, part of Tirol, the cour y of the Gjifons, the re- public of Geno? and Tufcany. LoMBAKOY, a name given to part of Italy, and which cnmpreiiends almofl all the ancient Cifalpine Ga«l. It lies towards the N. and is divided into the Upper and Lower ; Upper Lombardy is the weAern part, and comprehends Piedmont, with its dependencies, and the duchies of Montfcr- rat and Milan. Lower Lombardy, which is the eadern part, comprehends Parma, Modena, Mantua, Ferrara, the Bolognefe, the territories of the Church, the Paduan, Vicemio, the Veronefe, the BreHTan, the Cremafe, and the Bergamefe. LoMBEz, a fmall but pleafant town of France, in Gafcony, in the Cominges, with a bifhop's fee ; feated on the river Seve, 27 miles S. W. of Touloufe, and 20 N. W. of Rioux. Lon. o. 58. E. lat. 43. 33. N. LoMOKD, a large lake of Scotland, in the county of Lenox, which is 20 miles in length, and 8 in breadth, and which com- prehendi 30 ides, many of which are inha- bited. It abounds in fifh, and in particular a fine k'nd of eels, called pollac. London, the metropolis of Great Bri- tain, is very ancient, but was neither built by Brute nor kingLud, as fome dreaming au- ftruftures in the city. The Tower of Lon- don is very ancient, but the founder is on- certain ; however,.it is faid William the Con- queror built that part of it called the White- Tower : it is furrounded by a wall, and partly by a deep ditch, which inclofe feveral ftreets, befides the tower, properly fo call- ed : this contains the great artillery, a ma- gazine of fmall arms for 6o,cQO men, ani the large horfe armoury, among which are IS figures of kings on horfeback. Here are the jewels, and ornaments of the crown, as well as the other regalia 5 the mint for coin- ing of money, and the menagerie for ftrange birds and beafts. The circumference of the whole is accounted about a mile. There is one parifh church, and it is under the com- mand of a ccnitable and lieutenanti In Thames-ftreet, near the Tower, is the Cuf- tom-houfe, which is a large, lately ftruc* ture, where the king's cufloms are received, for all goods imported and exported : and oppofite thereto, as well as a great way down the river, there is a delightful profpeft of a grove of Hiips, ladun with commodities of various kind;. L(>ndonbridge is a little farther to the weft, which was greatly ad- mired for having fine houfes on each fide ; but they are now taken down to render the paflage more commodious, and lately the middle arch was widened, and the whole bridge beautified. The ftone gate-hcufe, which commanded the paffige in;o London from Surry and ICcntj, built near the en- thors pretend j not y^t was it in being in trance of the bridge, is alfo taken down. the lime of Julius Cffifa*", thougd it is men- tioned by Tacitus as a place of confiderable trade in the reign of Nero, and hence we may conclude it was founded about the time of Claudius, and the yearof Chrift 42. It is faid, but with no great certainty, thaf It was furrounded With a wall by Conftan- Cine. It had 7 gates by land, namely, Lud- gate, Aldgate,Cripplegate, Newgate, Alderf- gate, Moorgatc, and Bifhopfgate : which aie •ow alt taken down^ extfpt Nswgatc. The Excifc cfRce in Bi(h;pf«ate ward, is etetted on the fpot where Grtfliam college formerly ftood; the latter of w'»}ch was provided with profeflbrs, appointed to read lectures there, in the different faculties, but of late tlicy feldnm or never have any Budi« tors. It formerly had a fine library, and was the mufeum of the Royal Society. The Bank of England began to be ercAed in 1732, and in 173<, about a year after i| On ! was finifhed, a marble Aatue of WUIiam HI. j WAS L O N ^n fet Up in the hall. The Royal Ex- cliange, in Cornhill, is generally allowed to . be the Aneft Arudture of this kind in the world. It was firft built by Sir Thoma.s Giefham,in 'he years 1566 and 1567, but being burnt down in 1666, it was rebuilt in a grander manner, with Portland flone ; it was finiHied in 1669, and cod 66,000 1. The quadrangle within is 144 feet long, and 117 broad, and there »re piazzas on the outfide of tlie walls, and over them are 24 niches, 18 of which ? ■'. filled with the ftatues of the kinj!;s and queens of England. In the middle of the aiea is the Aatue of Charles II. in a Roman habit. The tower and turret of the ianthern is 178 feet high. In the place where Stccks-market was held is the Manfion-houfe, for the lord- mayor to refide in ; the drd ftone of which was laid in Odlcber 1739 : it is a noble and magni- ficent ftru^lure, but too heavy, and too large for the ufe for which is wasdefigned. Bow-church is admired for the beauty of its Aeeple, and that of Wallbrooke, behind the Manfionhoufe, for its curious architec- ture. Guildhall, in Ch^apfide, is the town- boufeof the city, and the great hall is K3 feet long, 50 broad, and 58 liigh, and will bold near 7000 people. Befldes the two giants, it is embelliHied with the pidlures of Edward the ConfefTor, king William, queen Mary, queen Anne, George I, queen Ca- roline, George II. his prefcnt majefty, and queen Charlotte. Biackwell-hall in BalTi- ihaw-ward is famous for being the greateft market for woollen cloth in thp world. Sion- college ilands by London-wall, and has a library appropriated to the ufe of the Lon- don clergy ; and under it is an alms-houfe, containing 10 poor men, and as many women, each of whom are allowed fix pounds a-year. St. Paul's cathedral is al- lowed to be the fined i'rotcftant church in the world, and was built after a model done by Sir Chriftopher Wren ; its length from E. to W. is 463 feet, and, including the por- tico, 500 ; and the height, from the ground to the top of the crofs, 344 feet. In Warwick-lane is the Phyficians college, where two of the fellows meet twice in a week, to give medicines to the poor, gratis ; the ftiu^ure is very fine, but it is in a man- ner hid. Surgeons - hall is in the Old- Baily, and is built in the modern tafte, finctt the furgeons company feparated from that of the baibers. Chrift's Hofpilal was formerly a houfe of the Grey-friars, and was founded by Edward VI. for the enter- tainment and education of the poor children of citizens, of both fexes : a mathematical fchool wa» founded here in 1673, and a LON writing fchool in 1694, and the charity fiaS been otherwife increafcd, by a great many noble benefadtions. Dodlors-Commons is not far from St. Paul's, and is a fpaciouv^ commodious Aruftme, with feveral hand- fome courts, where the judges of admiralty, court of delegates, court of arches, ice. meet. Near it is the Herald's college, to which be- long thice kings at arms, namely, Garter, Clarencieux, and Norroy, with fix heralds, four purfuivants, and eight proAors. It i« a fpaciuus building, with convenient apart- ments, a good library relating to heraldry, and the coats of arms are kept of all the families of note in England. Near Temple* Bar are the Inner and Middle Tcmple» which are both inns of court, for t!ie fludy of the law. The Temple-church was founded at fir A by the knights templars, in 1185, and it is now one of the moft beautiful Gothic Arudlures in England. There are twelve other inns of court, which it would be too long to dwell upon. There is alfo a magnifi- cent A one-bridge over the river Thames, at Black Friarii. The feflTions-houfe is in the Old-Baity, where they hear and determine crimin.il caufes eight times a-year. Fleet- prifon is by Fleet-market, and Bridewell by Fleet- ditch, which is an hofpital, and a houfe of corredlion. St. Bartholomew's hofpital is near W, Smithfield, and conti- guous to Chrift's hofpital, and it is defigned for the relief of the fick and lamet the buildings have been greatly enlarged of late< The Lock lK>fpital is in Kent-ftreet, South- wark ; the Smallpox-hofpital in Cold- bath-fields, the Lying- in-hofpital in Brown- low-ftreet, and another in Alderfgate-flreet. Befid^s thefe, there are St. Thomas's and Guy's hofpitals, in Southwark, St. George** hofpital at Hyde-park-eorner, Middlefex- hofpital in Tottenham- court- road, and the London-hofpitalatMile-End. Add to thefe Bedlan^., or Bethelem- hofpital, for mad-peo- ple, in Lo,"er Moorfields, and St. Luke's, for the fame p'lrpofe, in Upper Moorfields. To which »d4 r>e magnificent flru£tute in Lamb's Conduit-fields, called the Found- ling- hofpital. Wef^minfter is generally reckoned part of London, though under a diftinft government, and has long been fa> mous for the palaces of our kings, the feat of our law-tribunals, and of the high court of parliament. It is named ftom its abbey, formerly called a Minfter, and from its W. fituation in regard to St. Paul's. The ab- bey is a truly venerable pile of building, in the Gothic tafle, where moft of our mo- narchs have been crowned and buried. It was founded befoie the year 850, but the prtfent fabttck was sreaed by Henry HI. IS m t O N it it 4^9 feet in length, and 66 in breadth ht the W. end, but the crofs ide is 189 feet hrottdf and the height of the middle roof $2 feet. At the E. end is the chapel of Henry VII. which is fo artificially wrought, that Leiand calls it the miracle of the world, f^he fcreen or fence is entirely brafs, and within are the figures of Hehry VII. and his queen, of folid brafs, gilt with gold : but the magnificent thonuments in the abbey aie fo numerous, that it would require a volume to defcribe them. Weftminfter-hall is near the abbey, and is one of the largefl rooms in Europe, whofe roof is not fupported by pillars. Here the law-courts are kept, and adjoining are the hniifes of the lords and commons. WeflminAer bridge, over the Thames, is univerfally acknowledged to be U mailer- piece of art, and fuperior to any thing of this kind hitherto ere£led. The nevir buildings in the liberty of WeflminHer are increafed to a prodigious degree, info- ihu'ch that they risach as far as Marybone to the N. Piccadilly to the S. and Hyde-paik- yfill to the W. among them are feveraf magnificent fquares, as thofe of Hanover, Grofvenor, Berkeley, and Cavendifl). Stt James's, Soho, Leicefler, Goldih?, and filoomfbury are old fquares. To thefe may be added the magnificent fquare called Lin- colns- Inn-Fields, ahd f^iv.ral others of iefs note, both iii the city and fubuvbs. As there are feveral fpots of ground witiiin the city very proper to build fquares on, it is hoped the ma^ii'lrates will take this affair into confideration, to prevent the rich citi- atens from removing to the court end of the iown. There were iwo exchanges in the li- berties of Weflminfter, of which one called NewExc'>ange is pulled down, and the other is not worth notice. Lately the num- ber of houfes in the cities of London and Weftminfler, and their liberties, wrre com- puted at 112,930, which, multiplied by 10, the number of people in each houfe, the in- habitants will amount to 1,29^,300. But, if there is no more than 8 perfons in a houie, the total will be 983,440, that is 16, ;6o iefs than a million. As to the number of pa- l-ifhes, there are 9ir within the walls, 16 without, 19 in the out-pan/hes of Middle- sex, and II in the city and liberties of Wefl- ininfter, whieh, added togetlier, make 143. The number of meeting-houfes, for Proteflant-difTenters, of all denominations, is upA^ardfto.'' 100, befides which fere are 3 Jewifh fynagogues. The public fchools 4re, thatof St. Paul, merchant tsylors fchool h:arCannon-Areet,mercers-chapcl fchool in €heap fide, the charter- houfc, the royal Icti^ffl iA WtSitamAwj and St. Martin'J <»■« L ON fchool near the King's Mews. The trading part of the city of London is divided into 89 companies, but fome can hardly be call- ed fo, becaufe they have neither charters, halls, nor liveries. Of thefe there are is principal, of one of which the lord -mayor is ufually free, and they are, the mercers, gro« cers, drapers, fifhmongers, goldfmiths, (kin' neis, merchant-taylors, haberda fliers, falters, ironmongers, vintneis, and cloth- worker!. The city magiflrates are, th^ lord-mayor, »6 aldermen, «oa common- councilmen, a reccfrder, z fheriffs, a chamberlain, a com« mon ferjeant, and a town-cietk. The city and liberties of Weflminfter are governed by a highfleward, and under-f^eward, a head- bailiff, a high-confltable, anH 14 burKeflfes* Places for diverfion are, Vauxhall, Rane- lagh-gardcns, Marybone-gardens, the two play-houfes, the opora-houfe, and occafion- ally the theatre royal in the Hay-market, Learned bodies of men, befides the clergy, are the royal fociety, the college of phyfict- sns, and the fociety of antiqui^rians. The tmed repofity of rari'ies is fir Hans Sloane'a mufaium, now kept in Great Ruflfel-ilrect. In general, London> Wef^minrter, and Southwark, are feated en the hanks of the Thames, and from RatdifF- crofs in the E. to I^Iorthumberiand houfe in the W. there is a gradual afcent to the principal Greets. The hackney-coaches are about 1000, and the fedan-chairt very Buuerous. There are z% prifons, 42 markets, 27 fquares, of all forts, and the common firing is pit-coal, com- monly called fea coal, of which there is con- fumed upwards of 600,000 chaldruns every year. This renders the air grofs, but then it has a falutary efFed', in preferving the city from peAilential diftempers, and the fame has been obferved of foms cities in Gertrta- ny : whereas, when wood was the chief fewel, the plague rerumed every jo yearj. It is 400 rhcafured miles S, by E. of Edin- burgli, 225 N. W. of Paris, 690 N. by W, of Madiid, 750 N. W. of Rome, 660 W. N. W. of V-enna, 334 S. E, of Dublin, and 190 W. S. W. of Amflerdam. Lon, o. o. lat. 51. 30. N. LoNDONnERRY, » towH of Ireland, in a county of the lame name, and province of tJlfler, with a bifhop's fee. It i'. n.t very large, nor its for; ificatiohs very ftror jr, and yet it is remarkable for a long fiege it luf- tained av;ainfl the forces of kinvt James II. in 1689, 'viten he was in pofTcfl'ion of al- mcfl all th^ refl cf the kingdom It is a modern place, built by a company of Lon- f^on adventurers in the rei^n of J^mes I. and is become the capital of the county. It con- fitis of only two ilieets, whi«h crofs one X X ana. ,rc ¥. - LO K LOQ. anotlier in the middle, but they are neat and I E. lat. 37. 30. N. well paved, and the houfes are feveral fto- ries high, being moflly built of free-ftone. It has a handfome church, a fine market- place, and its harbour is bordered with a quay. At the fiege above-mentioned, when all the commanding officers were dead, tMey cliofe Mr. Walker, a clergyman, for their head, wdo performed wonders by his bravery and conduA, infomuch tl>at the enemy wert obliged to raife the fiege, on July 31, after having lain 6 weeks before it, and thrown near 600 bombs into the town. It is Veated on the river Mourn, near its mouth, 5 utiles S. of the lake or bay of Loughfoyle, and 104 N W. of Dublin. Lon. 7. 40. W. lat. 54. 52 N. • LoNDONDKRR Y, 3 county of Ireland, 31 miles in length, aiul 30 in breadth, bcunHed on the W. by Donnegal, on the N. by ilie O.e.Tn, on the S and S. W. by Tirone, acd by Antiini on the E. It con- tains 13,4.89 houfes, 38 psrilhes, 4 baro- nies, 3 borou;jh8, and fends 8 members to parliament. It is 1 fruitful li ampa^gn coun- try , and has a capital town of the fame name. Longford, a county of Ireland, 25 miles in length, and 16 in breadth, bounded on the E. and S.by Weft Meath, on the N. and N. W. by Letrim and Cavan, and on the W. by the river S'laniinn. It contains 5038 houfps, a4patifhes, 6 baronies, 4 bo- roughs, and fends to members to parlia- ment. It is a fm^ll, but rich and pleafanr country, and the principal town is of the fame name. LoiN c-IsL AND, is an i Hand of N. Ame- rica, in the colony of New- York, which is feparated fiom the continent by a narrow channel, and is about 100 miles in lenRth, and 12 in hieadth, containing Qucen's- county, SufFr'k-county, and Richmond- county. There is a firp plain in the middle of the idand, called Salifoury-pl.iin, en which they have horfe "-aceSiand gcnUem^n come to it from the ntiehbi;uring parts, as thofe in England do to New-Mai ket. The produce of this ifland is chiefly provilions for the moil U, fiich a.- whe;if, Indian-corn, fait beef, poik, fi(h, anJ ftrong beer, which they fend to the Carihhee Itlands, and, in lieu of them, receive fugar, rum, cotton, and indic^o. LoNciNTco, a town of Turky in Eu- rope, in the Morea, ancienrly called Olym- pia. famous for being tlie place where the Olympic games were ctleb-ated, and for the 'emple of Jupiter Olympus, about a mile diAant. It is now but a fmall place, feated on the river Alpheus, 10 miles from its mouth, and 50 S. of Lepanto. Lon. 22. o. LoNGTowN. a town in Cumberlai^d^ with a market on Thurfdays, and two fairs, on Whit-Thurfday, for horfes and linen- yarn, and on Thurfday after November a», for horfes, horned cattle, .tnd linen-cloth. It is feated on the borders of Scotland, I* miles N. of Carlifle, and 316 N. N. W. of London. Lon. a. 50. W. lat. 55. 15. N. LoNGutviLLz, a town of France, in Upper Normandy, and in the territory of Caux, feated on the fmall river Lee, 17 miles N. of Rouen. It has the title of a duchy, Lon. I. 10. £. lat. 49. 46 N. LoNGWY, a town of France, on the frontiers of the duchy of Luxemburg, with a caftle, and is divided into the old and new towns. This laft was built and forti- fied by Lewis XIV It is feated on an emi- nence, 15 miles S. W. ef Luxemburg, and 167 N.£. of Paris. Lon. 5. 51. E. lat. 40. 3a. N. Lonsdale, or Kirkby Lonsdalx, ft town of Wiflmoreland, with a market on Tuefdays, and two fairs, on Holy-Thurf- day, for horned cattle, and on December zi, for woollen-cloth. It is feated on the ri- ver Lon, in a pleafant and rich valley of the fame nan;e. It is a large well-built town, has a handfome church, and a fine ftone bridge over the river. It is well inhabited^ and is the bcft town in the county, except Kendal. It is r o miles S. E. of Kent^al, and 231 N. N. W, of London. Lon. 2. 27. W. lat 54. 10. N. •Lons-le-Saunier, a town of France, in the Tranche Comte, feated on the river Solvan, 20 miles from Dole, and ai'fromi Chalon. Lon. 5. 40. E. lat. 46. 36. N. Loo, a town of the United Frovmces, in Guelderland, 8 miles W. of Deventer, where the prince of Oi ange has a fine palace, Lon. 6. o. E lat. 52. 18. N. Loots, a town of Germany, in the bi<. fhopritk of Liege, 16 miles W. of Maeftrichtt Lon. 5. 12, £. lat. 50. 52. N. * I lOTs, a county of Germany, in the bifhoprick of Liege, bounded on the S. by Hafbay, on the N. by Campigne, on the W. by the duchy of Brabant, and on the E. by l.imburg. It had formerly its own counts, but the family is now extin£t. Loots is the capital town. LoQ^u AB A R, or LocHABKR, a cBunty of Scotland, bounded on the N. by Inverneft, on the E. by Badcnoch and Athol, on the S. by Lorn, and on the W. by the Weftern Ocean. It is a mountainous country, and fo barren, that it does not produce corn enough for the inliabitants j but there are large LOR LOR crfartrf^ 'o fairs, linen- ber ai, icloth. :otland, N. W. 55- IS' farge forefts, a few minei of iron, and good '.with cloth of gold, fet off with jewels^ and pafturo. The fea, the lake;, and the ri- vers, yield plenty of h (h. In the ea(\ern part are two large lakes, one of which has the fame name as the county, and is i6 miles in length, communicating ^A'ith the Irifli Sea by a long channel. The other is about lo miles long, and communi- cates with it by a channel 3 or 4 miles in length. Lor A, a town of Spain, in the kingdom of Granada, on the confines of Andalufia, 15 miles I}, of Malaga. Lon. 4. 5. W. Lc. 37. o. N. LoR4, a town of Spain, in the province of Andaiufia, featpd on the river Guadalqui- ver, iZ miles N. E. of Seville. Lon. 5. 20, W. lat. 37. 20. N. Lor A, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of Upper Saxony, and county of Hohen- iieln, in Thur|ngia, 30 miles N, of Saxe- Cotha, Lon. 10, 45. E. lat. 51, 30. N. * LoR B u s, an ancient town of Africa, in Barbary, and in the kingdom of Tunis, with a caftle, and fine remains of antiquity. Ic is featei on a pleafant plain, fertile in corn, 150 miles S. Wf of Tunis. Lon. 9. 0. £. lat. 35. 35. N. LoRCA, an ancient town of Spain, in the kingr!jm cf Murcia. It is a poor place, tho* feated in a fertile country, upon an emi- nence, near the river Guadalantin, 30 miles W. of Carthagena, and 35 S. W. of Murcia. Lon. I. 3. W. lat. 37. 15. N. * LoRCH, a town of Germany, in Sua- bia, and in the duchy of Wirtemberg, feat ed on the river Remms, 20 miles N. W. of Eflinguen. It had formerly a very rich ab- bey, but its revenues are now employed in maintaining the univerfity of Tubingen. LoRtPO, a town of Italy, in the territory of Venice, and in the Polefino, feated on the river Adige, ao miles £. of Rovigo. Lon. 12. 50. £. lat. 45. 5. N. Lor ET TO, a town of Italy, in the Maica, or Marche of Ancona, with a bifliop's fee. It is fmall, but fortified, and contains the cafa fanta, or the houfe of Nazareth, in which they pretend JefusChrift was brought up i they tell us that it was carried by an gels into Dalmaiia, and thence to the place where it now Aands. The inner part of this houfe or chapel is very old, but it is furrounded by a maible wall, and within a church built of free ftone. The famous lady of Loretto, who holds the infant Jefus in her arms, ilands upon the principal al- tar i this Uatue is of cedar wood, three feet high, but ber face can haidly be feen, on account of the fmoke of the nunveious lamps round about her. She is cloathed )tm the little Jefus is covered with a fhirt. Hs holds a globe in his hand, and is adorned with ric!. jewels. There are prodit;ioui numbers frequently go in pilgrimage to Lo- retto, particularly at Eafter and Whitfun- tide, among whom there are m^ny of the firft diflin^ion. Every pilgrim, after hav- ing performed his devotion, makes the Vir« gin a prefent proportionable to his ability, whence it may be readily concluded, that this chapel muft be full of immenfe riches. Chiiflina, queen of Sweden, made the Vir- gin a prefent of a crown of gold, worth above 100,000 crowns, and Ifabella, in- fanta of Spain, fent her a garment which cod 40,000 ducats. Lewis XIII. of France, and his queen, fent her two crowns of gold, enriched with diamonds. Besides thefe crowns, they fent an angel of msffy filver, holding in i is hand the figure of the dau- phin, of folld gold. The place where the governor refines flands near the church, and the ecclefiaflics who are employed in it lodge in t!ie fame palace, where they re- ceive the pilgrims of high diflinflion. As for the town itfelf, exclufive of the chapel, it is neither vciy confiderable nor very agreeable, nor does it contain above 300 inhabitants, who are almofl all fhoemakers, taylors, or fellers of chapleis. The envi- rons of this town are very agreeable, and in fine weaihcr tie high mountains of Cro- atia may be feen from hence. It is feated on a mountain, 3 miUs from the gulph of Venice, la S. E, of Ancona, and 112 N, E, of Rome. Lon. 13. 50, E. lat. 43. 24. N. * Lor cuts, a very populous town of France, in Provence, feated on the river Aigens, 5 miles fiom Drai^uigian, and 430 S. by E. of Paris. Lon. 6. 27. E. lat. 43. 30. N. Lorn, the N. part of Argylefliire, in Scotland, bounded on the N. by Lochaber, on the E. by Breadalbinc, on the S. by tie refl of Argylefhiie, and on the W. by the fea.. Lor R A IN, a fovcreign ftate of Europe ; bounded on theN. by Luxemburg and the archbiflioprick of Treves, on the E. by Al- face and the duchy of Deux-Ponts, on the S by Tranche Comte, and on the W. bf Champagne and the c',u;liy of Bar. It is about ICO miles in length, and 7 5 in breadth, and abounds in all forts of cnrn, wine, hemp, flax, rape-feed, game, and fifh, with which it carries on fome trade, and in general all the necefTaties of liie. There are fine meadows and large foref^s, with mints of iron, filvcr, and copper, as alfo I X X a . . .. fait- LOU falt-pitjs. There are a great number of ri- vers, of whicii the principal are the Maefe pr Meufe, the Mofelle, the Seilitr, the Meure, and the Sarre. It ii divided into three parts, the duchy of Lorrain, properly fo palled, which was heretofore a fovereign Aate, the duchy of Barr, which formerly belonged to the dukes of Lorrain, but after* wards came under the governmRnt of France, and the third comprehends Mr. •[•cet bifhopiicks of Metz, Toul, and yprrangers, becaufe they have no navigable rivers, and becaufe they have all fiecelfaries within thcmfelves : but what little trade they have confills of corn and linen-doth. Nanci is the capital town. • Lot, a river of France, which has its rife in Gcvaudan, and falls into thu Ga> ronne at AiguiUon. It begins to be navi- gable at Caliors. Lothian, a county of Scotland, bound- ed on the N by the Frith of Forth, on the £. by the German Ocean, on the S. by Ciydefdale, Tweeddale, and Mers, and on the W. by Sterling. It is the beft part of Scotland, upon all accounts, the air being inore mild, the land more fertile, and the country mere populous than in other parts. To the S. there is a long chain of mnun- t()ins, vvh ch are dry and barren, and have feveraj nanes, in different places. The mod rematkable of thefe moiintains is Pentlaiid, which is very high ; and the tvioH cenfiderable rivers are the Avon, the Amond, the Lyth, the two Efks, and the Tyne. The principal city is' Edinburgh, which is the capital of the kingdom. ' LounuN, a town of Fiance, in Poitou, (eated on a mountain, la miles N. W. ot foitiers. and lis S, \V. of Paris. Lon. o> LOU 7. E. lat. 47. a.N. *' -'' ' *' " LovTtNDKGiN, a fortrefi of the All? ftrian Netherlands, in Flanders, featcd oil the canal between Gnent and Bruges, | miles W. of Ghent. Lon. 3 • 30. E. lat. 51^ 20. N. LoucHBORoocM, a town of Leicefter* Hiire, with a market on Thuifdjiys, and fouf fairs ; on May a8, for hurfes and cows{ April 25, for horfes, cows, and (hcep i Au- gufl r, for horfes and cows ; and Novem- ber 2, fcr a few foals; pleafantly feated among fertile meadows, near the foreft of Ch^rwood, and on the river Stour, over wiiich it has a bridge. It is an handfome town, 8 miles N. of Leicefter, and 107 N. W. by N. of London. Lon. i. 10. W. lat. 52. 58. N. Louisa, or Digerbt, a town of Swe- den, plcaf^n:ly feated on a commodious harbour, on the gytph of Finland. In 1745 it was made a frontier-town againft the Rutrians, LovtsiAMA,a largecountry of N. Ame- rica, divided almoft in the middle by the river MifTifippi, which runs N. and S. It is a very fruitful country, and was claimed by the Frcnjh; but th^ part on the E. fide of the MifTifippi was ceded to the Englifli by the treaty of peace in 1763. LouiTz. a town of Great Poland, in the palatinate of Rava, (5 miles £. of Gnefna. Lon. 8. o. E. lat. 52. 25. N. LouRD, a town of France, in Gafcon/f and capital of Lavedan, with an ancient ca- (llo feated on a rock, 10 miles from Bag- niers. Lon. o. 5. W. lat. 43. 8. N. LOURKBRANDER bCC La R R B BUND A R . Louth, a county of Ireland, in the pro- vince of Leinder, z^ miles in length, and 13 in breadth ; bounded on the NT. by Armagh and Carlingfoid bay ; on the £. by St. George's channel ; on the W. by Monaghan and Eaft-Meath ; and on the S. £ . by Meath, from which it is parted by the river Boync. It is a fruitful country, b Mary Magdalen is turned into an hofpital ; that of St. Anne is made a houfe of corredlion ; and of the monaAery of St. Catherine they have made an handfome col- lege. In the great hofpital there is always a confiderable number of poor men and wo- men. Befides thefe, there are 14 other hof- pitals, one for lunatics, a peA-houre, and 4 others for fick perfons. It is feated on the river Trave, 10 miles S. W. of the Baltic Sea, and 17 N. £. of Hamburg. Lon. lo. 51. £. lat. 5E. 57. N. • LwBKc, the bilhoprick of, a fmall ter • ritory of Germany, in Lower Saxony, and in the duchy of HolAein. It belongs to the duke of HolAein -Gottorp, or rather to a younger fon of that houfe, who has the title of HolAein-Eurin, fiom the place where he ufually refides. LuBBN, a town pf Germany, inSilelia, aa !■ LUC %t miles N C. of Bredau, now fubjcA to the king of Prufl'ia. Lon. la.so. £. lat. 51. a4. N. Lublin, an handfofne and confidcrable town of Poland, capital of a palatinate of the fame name, with a cicadel, a bifhop'g fee, an academy, and an handfome Jewidi fynagogue. Here the great courti of jultice are held for. the whole kingdom j and there are three fain, rcforted to by merchants of all nations. It is fealed on the river By- Arzna, 1 10 miles N. £. of Cracow, and 75 S. £. of Warfaw. Lon. 93. i5.£, lat. 51. . ,24. N. .. L'jBow, a town of Poland, in the pro vince of Little Poland, and palatinate of Cracow, 50 miles S. £. of that city. Lon, 90. 30. £. lat. 49. 30. N. Luc, a town of France, in Provence, 13 milesN. £. of Toulon. Lon. 5. 15. £. lat. 43. 13. N. Luc, a town of France, in Dauphiny, feated on the river Diome, 31 miles S. of Grenoble. Lon. 5. 25. £. lat. 44. 40. N. Lucar-db-Barxmida, St. a fea-pqrt town of Spain, in Andaiufia, with a bi- ihop*s fee. It has a very fine large har- bour, well defended } and is feated at the mouth nf the river Guadalquiver, 48 miles 5. by W. of Seville, and 270 S. by W. of Madiid. Lon. 6. 5. W. lat. 36. 40. N^ LucAR-DB-GuADiANA, B Arong town of Spain, in Andaiufia, on the confines of Algarve, with a fmall harbour on the liver Quadiana, 40 miles N. E. of Faro. Lon. 6. 59. W. lat. 37. »o. N. Lucar-la-Mayok, St. a town of Spain, in Andaiufia, with the title of a du- chy ; feated on the river Guadiana, S miles N. W. of Seville. Lon. 5. 23, W. lat. 37. as. N. Lu c a R NO, a town of Italy, in the Mila* nefe, feated on the lake Maggiore, 14 miles W. of Lugano ; it belongs to Swiller- land. Lon. 0.46. £. lat. 45. 52. N. Lucca, a town of Italy, capital of a re- public of^^ihe fame name. It is about 3 miles in' circumference, and furrounded with a wall and other modern fortifications. It is an archbifhop's fee, and the churches are very handfome. The inhabitants have a confiderable manufajlure of filk, and gold and filver flufTs, in which they drive a great trade ; for this reafon it^is called Lucca the InduArious. They oblige all travellers to leave their arms at the city-gate, and will not fuffer any one to wear a fword within it. It is feaied in the middle of a fruitful plain, fu- rounded with pleafant hills, near tie river Serchio, over which there are two bridges. It is 10 miles N. £. of Pifa, 37 *-«■■- i LUC W. of Florence, and 1 5 5 N. by W. of RoiM* Lon. 10. 35. £. lat. 43. 50. N. * Lucca, the republic of, a fmall ter- ritory of Italy, lying on the Tufcan Sea { about 10 miles in length, and 20 in breadth. Th« full does not produce much corn j but there is plenty of wine, oil, filk, wool, and chcfnutsj their oil in particular is in high elUem, and the common people ufually eat chefnuts inflead of bread. It is a fovereign fUte, under the proteflion of the emperor, and the government ariflocratic. The head of this republic has the name of gonfa- lonier, who has the executive power, toge- t^ier with a council of nine members, who are changed every two months i but tiie le- giflative authority is lodged in a fenate of 200 of the principal perfons, who ballot for the choice of all officers. The ufual reve» nues amount to about 30,0001. per annum, and ti.ey can raife and pay iv',000 men upon occafion. Luc ERA, an ancient town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Capita- nata, with a bifhop's fee j 30 miles S. W. of Manfredonia, and 65 N. £. of Naples, Lon. 14. 24' £. lat. 41. 28. N. LucBRN, the name of one of the thirteen cantons of SwifTerland, and the mofl conA* derable of them except Zurich and Bern. It is bounded on the E. by the cantons of Underwald, Switz, and Zug ; and on all other fides by the canton of Bern. The in- habitants are all Roman Catholics ; and they can fend 16,000 men into the field. It is 30 miles in length, and 20 in breadth } and has its grtat and little council, its avoy- ers, and two courts of juQice, the one cri> minal, and the otl.er civil. They have plenty of fifli, on account of the lake of the fame name, on which it ftands. Lucern is the capital town. LuCERN, th« capital tovvn of the canton of Lucern in SwiiTerland. It h divided into two by one of the branches of the river Rus, whioh falls into the lake, and encom* pafTed with a fingle wall ; it is rich and popu- lous, and drives a great trade with the mer- chants of Germany and l>aly. The mofk remarkable things are, the organ of the great church, which is very fine, and of an extraordinary fize ; and the fkeleton of a giant, in the town-houfe. It is feated on the lake Lucern, 30 miles S, W of Zurich, .and 35 £. of Bern. Lon. 8. 16. £. lat. 47. S5- N. LtJCEBNA, a town of Italy, in Pied- mont, I 5 miles S. of Turin j fubjcft to the king of Sardinia. Lon. 7. 10. £. lat. 44. 40. N. LucHKNf a town cf Spain, in the king- don bue who LUC dom of Valencia, 30 miles S. of that city. Ldo. o. 40. W. lat. 39. o. N. • Lucia, St. one of thcCaribbceinanHs, in America. It ii ai miles in length, hdH • I in breadth. It tn piirtly billy, nndpiitly confifls of plains well warerrfi with rivu lets, and furnilheH willi timber, havini? fc- vcral goo«l bays, and c mmodions harbou'H. The EngHni cl iimcd this illanH, anH it was fiven to the duke of Montngu in 1712, who planted !• j but the French drove the planters away ; and it was ceded to them by tlic treaty of peace in 1763. There are two high mountains, by which mis ifland may be known at a confiderable diftancc, It is about 70 miles N, W. of Baibadors, and 11 S. of Martinico. Lon. 60. 55. W. lat. 13. 50, N. Lucia, St. one of the Cape «!e Verd iriinds, about 450 miles W. of the conti- nent of Africa. LuciGNANO, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Tufcany, 10 miles S. of Sienna. Lon. 11. 35. E. lat. 43. 10. N. • LucKo, H confiderable town of Poland, and capital of Volhinia, with a citadrl and a bi(ho(>'» fee ; fcMted on the river ster, 65 miles N. E, or Limbuig, and 175 S. E. of V/arfaw. Lon. ^6. i <;. E. lat. 50. 50. N. LUG ! from Cliina ard Japan. Tbc Spinlarrfi fand ? latve fbipn every year from hence tn Aquapiilcn in MexKo with mei( iMiidifes, nn'\ return ba k -vitii (ilvcr The .Sp.miarHa h^ve an inqiirith'n heie, but it dec* not af- li«!l tic nativij .ind tl;e M l^«melans. In 1743, near t'ii« ifljnH, aHmi'-al AoTin tnok ilie larfjc ifjinpulLii fbip, whi, h was loaded with a v.iit deal of tie.ifu e, wliich t« biouf(1it to England in 1744. I. urn INK, L.ikc SceLicorA. • LuPCRSuuKG, a town of Gcrm.my, in the circle of Lower S.iX"nv, and in the f'uc' Lib. . butR Li nLow, a town of Sliropfhire, with a market on Mondays, and five fairs j viz. on Tuefday before Eaf\er, and Wednefday in Whitfun week, for horned cattle, horfes, fheep, pi(;'(, and linen and woollen cloth j on Augufl 11, September 18, and Decem- ber 8, lor the fame, beftdes hops, and fat hogs. It is feated on the river Tame, and is a larpe well built corporate-town, coofif^- ini; of 4 wards, and fends 1 members to parury, and 7) N. by W.tf London. Len. 1. 45.W. lat. (i.to. U. LuQo, an ancient town of Spain, in th« kingdom of Oalicia, wich a bifhop't (tt. Th«re are fpringi in this city boiling hot. It it feated on tha river Minho. 3* miles S £. of Mondonedo, and 60 S. W. of Ovifdo. Ion. 6. 55. W. lat. 43. i. N. * Luoo, a town of Italy, in the Aate of the Church, and in the Ferrarefe, between jlavenna and Bologna. It gives its name to the Selva, that it, tlie forcHs of Lugo, an- ciently called Litania Sylva, famoui for the defeat of the Romans, under Lucius Poft- bumut, at which time they had 1500 men killed by the Gauls. * LuiNi, a town of France, in Tourain, Vfith the title of a duchy. Lon. o. 39. E. lat. 47. 39. N. LuLA, a town of Swedifb Lapland; feated at the mouth of the river Lula, on the W. fide of the Gulph of Bothnia, 41 miles S. W. of Tornea. Lon. si. o. E. lat. 64. 30. N. LvLA Lapmark, a province of Swe- den } bounded by that of Tornea on the N. by the Bothnic Gulph on the £. by Pithia Lapmark on the S. and Norway on the W. LuMBLLO, a village in Italy, which gives name to the Laumeliin, a fmall diftiidi in the duchy of Milan, lying along the river Po, and of which Mortaria and Valencia are the principal places. It was ceded to the duke of Savoy in 1707, and confirmed by the treaty of Utrecht in 1 7 1 3, Lon. 8. 41. £. lat. 45. 5. N. LuNDCN, a conflderabit town of Swe- den, in Gothland, and capital of the terri- tory of Schonen, with an archbifhop's fee, and an univerfity. It was ceded to the Swedes by the Danes in 1658; is 17 miles E. of Copenhagen, and 115 S. W. of Stock- holm. Lon. 13, 25. E. lat 55. 40. N. LvNDiN« a town of Germany, in the duchy of HolAein, and in Ditmarfe { feated near the river Eyder, 8 miles S. E. of To- ningen, and 40 N. of Glukftadt ; fnbje£t to the duke of HolAein. Lon. 9. 13. E. ht. 54- 30- N. ' LvNDY, an ifland in the mo«th of the BriAol Channel, near the middle, l)etween Devonfhire and Pembrokefliire. Lon. 4. 40. W. lat. 60. 95. N. * LuNEoiAMA, afmalltenitory ofha ly, that took its name from the town of Lyna, now in ruins. It lies to the E. of the fiver Mac;ra, along its banki* Mid is diTided into two pai ts ; the weAcrn of «rhich has Sarzane, and i& th« capital, «ad bclorj* to tha Oei^oaffl { but the caAern makn part of the duchy of Malfa. * LvNiL, atownof France, in Langue. doc, and in the dioccfe of Montpclie r, near the river Vidourl^, over which there it a bridge. Its territory produces excellent mufcadine wine. It is 1 6 miles E. of Mont< pclier. Lon. 4. 13. B. lat. 43. 38. 1^. LuNBNBvao, a duc^y of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, which, includ* ing Zell, is bounded by the river Elbe^ which feparatesit from HolAein and Lfuen- burg on the N. by the marquifate of Bran- denburg on the E. by the duchy of Brunf- wick on the S. and by the duchies of Bre- men and WeAphalia on the W. being about 100 miles in leng'h, and 70 in breadth. It is watered by the rivers Alier, Elbe, antl Ilmcnow ) and part of it is foli of heaths antl foieAs } but, near the rivers, pretty fer- tile. It abounds with wild boars ; for which reafon, the German nobility come to hunt here in the proper feafon. It belongs to his majeAy king Giorgb, as eleAor of Hanover. Lunenburg is the capital town; LuNENBURo, a town of Germany, and capital ot a duchy of the fame name. It is a large place, and well fortified ; and within it is a palace lately built, wherein tha duchefs-dowager refided. Here is alfo ■ famous BeneniAine convent, which hath n good fchool for the difciples of that order j as alfo a college, with proper ptofeAbrs,who are proteAants. In the middle of the mo- naAery is a church, famous for the golden table contained therein. It had a piflureof mafTy gold, with figures in relievo, and adorned with all forts of precious Aones j but it was carried cfTby a land of robber* in 1698, who, however, left the table in its place. They were in number twelve; and were afterwards all taken, and brok« upon the wheel. The fait fprings near thit place produce great quantities of fait, whict^ bring in a good revenue to the Sovereign, and chiefly employ the inhabitants. It i«r feated on tl.s river Ilmenow, 35 miles S. E< of Hamburg, and 78 N. of Brunfwick. Lon. to. 40. E. lat. 53. 28. N. * LvMERA, a mountain of Italy, in thtf Terra di Lavoro, between Maples and Puz« zoli. It contains a great deal of fulphur and alum ; and the fprings that rife from it aPtf excellent for curing wounds. LvNBviL&E, anbandfome townof t.o»- with a magnificent caAle, where the ram. dukes formerly kept their court. Here is ao abbey of regular canons, whofe church is exceeding handfome y a fchool for bringii^f; up gentlemen in the military fciences, and a fine hofpttal. It is feat«d in an asreeaMe plain I. U T {Hainan the riven Vezoul and Meurt, it fnilet S. E. of Nanci, and 6x W. of Siraf buig. Lon. 6. 35. E. (at. 48. 16. N. • Lvpo Glavo, a town of lOria, Tested near the mountains of Venn, 1^ mileiW.of St. Vait. It belongi to the houfe of AuAria. LoRi, a town of Fiance, in Champagne, feater) on the river I'Ongnon, 3$ miiet N. E. of Befanzon. Lon. 5. e point of Cape Corfica, and the towns of Baftia and St. Fiorenzo. LusATiA, a province of Germany, in Saxony, bounded on the N. by Branden- burg, on the E. by Silefia, on the S. by Bo- hemia, and on the W. by Mifnia and the du- chy of Lower Saxony. It is divided into the Higher and Lower ; and the former belongs tn the eleAor of Saxony j b«t the latter is divided between the duke of Merfeburg, the king of PrulTia, the counts of Promnits, Solms, and the eieAor of Saxony. LasiGNAN, a town of France, in Poi- tou ; feated on the river Vienne, it miles S. W. of Poitiers, and 100 S. W. sf Paris. Lon. o. 7. E. lat. 46. s8. N. • Luso, a liver of Italy, in the ftateof the Church, which rifet in (he confines of the duchy of Urbino, and after having CToffid part of Romagna, falls in'o the gulph «f Venice, i« miles to the W. of Himini. J.usuc. See Lucko. LuTKNiuRC. a town of Germany, in the circle of Auftria, and duchy of Styria ; feated on the river Meurt, 40 miles S. E. of Gratr. Lon. 16. 30. E. lat. 47. 6. N. • LuTKENBURC, a town of Germany, in the duchy of HolAein, and the chief place in the great circle of Wagria j feated near the Baltic Sea, 10 miles from Ploen. Luton, a town in BedfordHiire, with a market on Mondays, and two fairs, on April »5, and OAober 18, for all kinds of cattle. It is pleafantly feated among fonie hills, 18 miles S. of Bedford, and S9N. by W. of London. Lon. o. »5. W. lat. 51. 50. N. LuTTza, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Brunfwick, remarkable for the battle gained here over the Imperialifts, by the Danes in 1626. It is 10 miles N. W. of Goflar, and 1 5 S. of Hildefheim. Lon. 10. 33. E. lat. 52. 2. N. • LuTftRBtjRG, a fmaJl territory of Germany, in Lower Saxony, and in the duchy of Brunfwick. It lies on the con- fines of the county of Hohenftein, and is row incorporated with the duchy of Gru- l:enhagen. The principal places arc Lutler- bu'g a«d OAeroed. . LUX LuTTiR WORTH, a town of Lcicefler. fhire, with a market on I hisrfdays, and two fairs i viz. on April t, for hoifes, c.ttwt, and fhcep ; and September 16, for the fame, .ind cheefe. It is feaied on the river Swift, ill a fertile foil, and is a pretty good place, adorned with a large handfome church, which has a fine lofty fifeple. Here the fa* moui Wickliflf, the firft reformer, was rec- tor, who died in 1385) but was dug up and burnt for an heretic 40 years after- wards. It is 14 miles S. of LeiceOer, and 84 K. N. W. oif London. Lon. o. 53. E. lat. 52. 26. N. LuTZiN, a town of Germany, in Up- per Saxony, famous for a battle fought here in 1631, when Guftavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, was killed. It is feated on the ri. ver Elder, la miles W. of Leipfic, and 8 S. E. of Mcrfperg. Lon. la. 37. E. lat. 51. 20. N. LuTZENSTiiN, a towo of Germany, in Lower Alface, capital of i diftriA ot the Tame name, for which the eleAor Palatine does homaiie to the French. It has a ftrong caflle, and is fea'ed on a mountain, 30 miles N. of Stralburg. Lon. 8. 10. E. lat. 48. 5S.N. LuxBMRURO, a confiderable and very Arong town of the Auftrian Netherlands, and capital of a duchy of the fame name. It was taken by the French in 1684, who augmented the fortifications fo muci>, that it is one of the flrongeft places in Europe, and was ceded to the houfe of Aufliia by the treaty of Utrecht in 171 3. It is divided by the river Elbe into the upper and lower (owns J the former Is almod quite fur- rounded with rocks ; but the lower is feated on a plain. It is 25 miles S. W. of Treves, and ICO W. of Men(z. Lon. 5. 15. E. lat. 49. 40. N. Ldxxmbvrg, the duchy of, is one of the 17 provinces of the Netherlands { bounded on the E. by the archbiilioprickof Treves ; on the S. by Lorrain ; on the W. partly by Champagne, and partly by the bi- Hioprick of Liege, which likewife, with part of Limburg, bound it on the N. It lies in the forefl of Ardenne, which is one of the moft famous In Europe. In fome places it is covered with m'>untains and woods, but is in general fertile in corn and wine ; and here are a great number of iron- mine*. The piincipal rivers are, the Mofelte, the Sour, the Ourte, and the Semoy. Ic be- longs partly to the houfe of Auilria, and partly to the French ; and Thionville it the capital of the French part. * Luxruil, a town of France, in the Franche-Comie, near a famous Benedidlint Y y abbey L Y N a^bey of the fame name, and remarkable for its mineral water*. It >.i feated at the foot of mount Vofgue, 15 miles W. of Ve- foul, and 7 from tlie abbey of Lour. Lon. 6. 29, E. lat. ^7. 50. N. LuzzARA, a town of Italy, feated on the confines r>f the duchies of Mantua and GuaAalla, near the place where the river CroAolo falls into th&; Po. It is pretty llrong, and remarkable for a battle fought here between the French and Spaniards in 1702, when ea<:h fide claimed the vidory. It is iz miles S. of Mantua. Lon. 10. 10. E. Iat4s. 8. N. * Li'zzr, a town of Italy; in tbc king dom of Naples, and in the Hither Calabria, pe.tr the river Crate, 3 miles S. of Befig- rir.no. LvcAONiii, sn ancient name of a pro- vince of Natolia,whofe capital waslconium, now called Cogni* LvcHAM, or LiTCNAM,a town of Nor- folk, whofe market is now difufed ; bit it li^sone fair, en November i, for toys. I' is feated on a common, and is a ftraggling place, 24 miles W. of Norwich, and 92 N. N. E. of London. Lon. o. 55. £. lat. 51. 45. N. LvciA, an ancient nameof a province of Natolia, lying on the Mediterranean Sea, between Caria and Faniphylia. LvDiA, an ancient name of i province of Natolia, lying N of Caria, in which was theci y of Philadelphia. Lyesse, a town of the French Nether- lands, in t J:)ir.ault, 1 5 miles E. of Landrecy, and 7.2 S. of Mons. Lon. 4. o. £. lat. 50. 14. N. LvMF, a fea-port town of DpiTetftiire, with a market on Fridays, and two fairs, on February 2, and September 2;, for cat- tle ; feattd on the fea-fhore, and has a pood harbourt It is fo called fiom a little river whiJi runs throug'^ t!.e middle of tiie town, and falls into the fea. It is a large wtll- built corporation town, is a pl.-\te of good trade, and fcni^s two members tj paiiia- iTiKnt. The duke of Monmoutli landed htte With a handful of men in 1685, winch were foon incrcal'ed to 6 coo, and was then pro- chimed kini; ; but he wac defeated by king James's army, taken pi ifoner, and beheaded |t is }8 miles £. by S. of Exeter, and 14^ W. by S. of London. Lon. 3. 5. W. lat. 50. 40. N. JjYNN Regis, a town of Norfilj?, with two markets, on Tuefdays and Saturdays, 9nd a fair of fix days, proclaimed Ft.hiuary 14.. It is a handfom'., large, well built cor- p ^ration- town, and fends 2 members to par- liament 3 is encompafTed \yah a wall and a L Y O deep trepeh ; and there are twofmia]] riven that run through its Areets, over whichf thcie are about 15 bridges. It is a trading place, on account of its commodious har- bour ; is governed by a mayor, recorder, high-ilewatd, 12 aldermen, and 18 com- mon-council men. Formi^^rly it was well forti^ed ; but has now only a bnttery of i» guns. It has two churches, a very large chapel, and two difTenting meeting houfes. Here are about 1000 houfes, moflly pretty good ones, built with brick : the flieets ar^ narrow, but well- paved ; and it has a very g(>od maiket-placc, with an elegant crofs ; and there aie here fome remains of monafte- ries. It is 46 miles N. by £. of Cambridge, and 9S N. by £. of London. Lon. o. 33. £. lat. 51. 46. N. Lyonnois, a large province of France ^ bounded on the N. by Burgundy ; on the E. by Dauphiny, BrefTe, and the principa- lity cf Dombs ; on the S. by Vivarais and Velay ; and on the W. by Auvergne, and a fmall part of Boutbonnois. It compre- hends Lower Lyonnois, Beaujolois, and Forez j and it produces corn, wine, fruitt, and more efpecially excellent chefnuts. The piincipal rivers are the Soane, the Rhone, and the Loire. Lyons is the capi- tal town. Lyons, a lari;e, rich, handfome, anci- ent, and famous town of France, being the mofl coniiderable in the kingdom, rext to Paris, with an archbifhop's fee, an aca- demy of fciences and belles lettres, and an academy of arts and faiences, fettled here in 1736. It is feared in the centre of Europe, on the coi^tlucnce ot the rivers Rhone and Soar, and on the fide of it are two high mountains j and the mountain of S', Seba- flian feivcs as a bulw«tk again A the N. winds, which often blow here with great violence. It contains about 150,000 inhabi- tants, and above 50CO houfes, which, in general, ave high and well built ; and it liS Ix gates, and as many fuburbs. The town-houft, the arfenat, the amphitheatre, built by (he anciu-nt Romans, the hofpital, and the numerous palaces, are worthy 01 a traveller's attention. The cathedral is a fuperh flruiSiurr, and the canons that ccm- pofe the chapter are all petfonsof diflinc- tion It is a place of very great trade, which is extend«?d not only ilirouuh Francr, but to Italy, Svi'ilferlai^d, and Spain ; and ifcre are fvur celebiated fairs every year, which are ficquented by gitat runibcis of people. It dtrives \ai\ advantages from tl « rivers it Hands upon; and is i ^ miles N. of Vienne, 70 S. by W. of Gt-neva, 1 50 N. \V. of Turin, and z^c S. E. of Fans. Lon. in ; and ry year, libtis of loni tl e niJes N. 150 N. , Lon. 4# MAC 4. SS' ^- 1*^' 45* 46- ^' • Lypbze, orLiPCH, a town of Up- per Hungary, and capial uf the cnunty of Lypeze. It is feated on the river Gran, 5 miles above Biftricz. • Lvrtz E, the county of, in Upper Hungary } lying between tlie counties of Arva, Tuiofe, Biflicz, Gomar, Lepus, and mount Crapach, which feparates it from Poland. Lypeze and Saflat are the princi- pal ^owns. • TVT A B R A, a town of AfHca, irt the •^ ■*• kinRdonn of Algiers, and province of Conftantine j feated on the gulph of Bona, to the W. of the town of that name. Ri A c * Macasser, a lartre, flronp;, and handfome town of the i/land of Celebes, and the capital of the kingdom of the famtr nam'', where the kingreOdes. The houfci aie all of wood, and fupported by tinck pofts, and tliey have ladders togo t'p into thenljwhich they draw up as focn as they have entered. The roofs are covered with very largo leaves, that the lain cannot penetrate. It is feated near the niou h of a large river, which runs through the kingdom from N. to S. Lon. 117. 55. E. lat 5 o. S. • Macar SKA, a town o( Dalma'ia, and capital of Prlmogria, with a pretty jtood harbour, and a bilhop'a fee ; feattd on th« Gulph of Venice, 25 miles S. E. of S^^ala- tro, and 17 N. W. of NurenCa. Lcn. ly, 57, E. lat. 43. 42, N. MAccLEsriKLn, a town in Chcfhire, with a market on iVion.Hays, and five fairs ; Macao, a towti of China, in the pro- ) viz. May 6, June 21, July 11, OifloUer vince of Canton, feated in an ifland at the mouth of the river Tae. The I'ortuguefc have been in polfcflTion of the harbour 150 years; and formerly they had a great trade here ; but now they have only a foi r, wirh a fmall ganifon. The houfes are built after the fame manner as in Europe. The C!n- hefe are more numerous than t!ie Portu. guefe, which [afl aie a mixed breed, for they take any women to their wives. Here is a Poituguefe governor, as well as a Ciii- nefe mandarin, to take care of fic town and the neighbourini; country. Loti. iiz. 13. E. lat. 21. II. N. • Macassbk, a c^nfide.-able klmjdom of ACia, in the E. Indies, and in the irtand ofCeiebet, under the Tor; id Zone. The heat would be infiipportabl», if they had not b eezcs fiom thfe N. and if t^e rnins dd not fall fotne days before and after the full moons; and during the two months that the fun p&Jis over theii* heads; In the niouh-- tains there are quarries of very fine flone, as well as min-jsof t^nhl and copper. Th: foil is extrtitifcly fertile, and there .ore ripe fruits at all times of the year. There fs a great number of mjnkeys, whofe natural enemies are thsftrp^nts; and it is pre- tended, that fomeof them a.e fo I.irge, tliat they will fwallow a monkey whol'*. Tlte Macafldrs are Iara;c, rcbiilt, courageous, and greatly addidled to war. They are Mahometans by ptofcHion, and the flrtefl nofed women are the grjatefl beauties. T'ley never fAra.lclle their rhiidrpii, hut put them quite n.iked into bafk-j's a* foon as they are hirn. They have neither lawyers nor attornsys, but evsjry one pleads his own cauft: ; and t!ie Lex 'l'*lionis is rigidly ob- ttned amon:;ft them. 4, and November n, foi cattle, wool, and cloih. It is ft.i'ed at the edjc of a forel> of the fame name, upon a hij^h bank, near the river Bollin ; is a large h.indfome t<-wrt, wit') a fine chuicli, which h.is a veiy hit;h fteeple. It has nnnufaflurss in ni i!\d;r, twift, hatbands, bi:!,ons, and tliread. Of late iliere have be.r: fjvcral fmall filk millji erefled hert. It is 36 miles E. of Clcftt-r, and 151 N. W. of London. Lon. 2. 16. W. lar. 53. 15. N„ Mac E no N I A, n province of Turky in Europe j bounded on the N. by Servi* a?>d Bulgaria ; on the E, by Romania, and the Archipelago; on the S. by Lividia, and p3rt of Alharua ; and on the W. by Alba- nia. Salonichi is the capital 'own. Mackr ATA, a conftdfraHie, handfome, and populous town of Italy, in the terri- tory of tliC Church, and in the M.»rca or Marchc of Anconn, with a biOiop'sfee, and an univerfity. It is nf-ar the mountain C'licnto, 12 mites S. W. of Loret'o, and ao S.W. of An;ona. Lnn. 13. 37. E. lat. 43, 15. N. * Machkchoi;, a town of France, in Bretagne, .nnd chief place in the dwc'^y of Retz, felted on the river Tenu, 20 mil':* fromNant?. L^n. i. 4:;.W. tar. 47 2 N, Machian', one of the Molucca iflands, in the E. Indian oceati, ah.->ur to miles in circumferrnce, ard the moil *'et"^t: of thent nl!. I: likewife produces the hf-ft clorcS> anri is in p ■.(r<;(Tr jo of (he Dutch, ^ ho l^v0 three inaccsifibie fo;t8 buih on it. Lon, 127. 1 1;. E. lat. o, Machian, a promontory of Spain, in the Ihy of Bifcay. Machinletji, a town of Montgnmer- • fhire, in N. Wales, with a market on Mo^- y y » e. It is the fourth bal- liwicli of the Swifs in Italy, and has a town of the fame name, feated on the river. Madkass. See Geokgk, St. Madbe de-Pop A, a town and convent cf S. America, in Terra Firma, feated on the river Grande, i; miles £. of Cartha- gena. It is almoft as much reforted to by pilgrims of America, as Loretto is in Eu- rope, and the image of the Virgin Mary is faid to have done a «rcat many miracles in favour of the fea-faring people. Lon. 76. o. W, lat. II. O.N. M ADR IP, the capital town of Spain, in New-Caftile, and the place where the kings ufually refide. It was formerly an incon- fiderable place, belonging to the archbifhop of Toledo, but the purity of the air engaged the court to remove hither. The Areets in- deed are very dirty, efpecially in the morn- ing, for they empty all their naftinefs into them ; however, the hot rays of the fun foon render them dry. It is very populous, and fome pretend that the number of inha- bitants amount to 300,000. The houfes are all built with bricks, and the ftreets are long, broad, and ftrait ; being adorned at proper diftances with handfome fountains. TSt.e are above 100 towers or fteeples, in ^iff.:rent places, which contribute greatly to the embelliHiment of the city. It is feated in a large plain, furrounded with high inouncains. but has no wall, rampart, or ditch. The royal palace is butit on an eminence, at the extremity of the city, and as it is but two ftories high it does not make any extraordinary appearance. A fire hap- pened in 1734, which almoi\ reduced it to afhes, and it was a long time in rebuilding. T"e fineft fquare in Madrid is the Flaca Mayor, which is furrounded with 300 MAD houfei 5 ftories high, ii.J of an equal height. Every ftage is adorned with a handfome balcony, and the fronts are fup- ported by columns, which form very fine arches. Here the market is held, and here they iiave their famous bull-fights. How* ever, it is obfcrvable, that the very fined houfes have no glafs windows, they being only lattices. Mo(l travell-.rs obferve that the ftreets are generally nafly, and have a very bad fmell. Cafa-del-Campo is a houfe of pleafure, a ifttle above half a mile from Madrid, with very fine gardens, pleafant walks, and a great many uncommon ani- mals. It is feated beyond tha river Man- zanares. Buen Retiro is on this fide the ri- ver, next the town, and is a proper place to retire to in ilie heat of fummer, there be- ing a great number of fifh-ponds, grottoes, tents, groves, and hermitages, which yield a very pleafant fight ; as for the building, it is more like a monaAery than a houfe of pleafure. When the inhabitants build « houfe the firA Aage belongs to the king, who may either fell, or let it, as he pleafes. Philip II. builc a large and magnificent bridge over the river, which river being ex- ceeding fmall, has occalicned a great many jokes. It is 26 s miles N. E. of Lifbon, 690 S. by W. of London, 625 S. S. W, of Pa- ris, and 750 W. of Rome. Lon. 3. 5. W. lat. 40. 26. N. Madrigal, a town of Spain, in Old- CaAile, feated in a plain, fertile in excellent win*, 10 miles from Medina-del-Campo* Lon. 3. 59. W. lat. 41. 25. N, Madrigal, a town of S. America, in the province of Popayan, fubjedl to Spain. Lon. 75. 35. W. lat. o. 30. S. * Madrogam, a large town of Africa> and capita! of Monomotapa, with a fpacious palace, where the king lodges. The upper part of the houfes are in fhape of bells. Lon. 29. 40. E. lat. 18. o. S. Madura, a province of Afia, in the pe- ninfuia on this fide the Ganges ; bounded on the £. by Tanjourand Marava ; on the S. £. by thefea ; on the W, by the Balagate mountains, which feparate it from Malabar ; and on the N. by Vifapour and Carnate. The places of mofl note on the fea-fhore, are Manapar, where the Dutch have a faAory^ and Tutucori, which has a good, fafe har- bour. The inhabitap's are Gentoes, and of a thievifh difpofition, treating the women as (laves. It ;)roduces a great deal of rice^ elephants-teeth, and the animals are differ- ent from thofe in Europe. With regard to manufa£tures, it produces a great deal of cotton-cloth, but none fine ; the Dutch have a pearl-fifhery, whicli bringi them in a large fum ! I MAG fum every year. The natives are blacks, with long hair. * Maooka, a town of Afia, and capi- tal of a province of tlie Tame name, in the E. Indies I 130 miles N. of Cape Comorin, and 300 S. W. of Fort St. George. Lon. 78. 13. E.lat. ID. ;. N. * Mablstrand, aftron^placein Nor< way, in the government of Bahus ) feated en a rock, at the mouth of the river Wener, and belongs to Sweden. Lon. 11. 21. E. lat 57. 5S. N. * Ma ENCLocHOG, a Village of Pem- lirokefhire, in S. Wales, with one fair, on May 22, for (heep, and a few cattle. Maese, or Meuse, a large river which rifes in France, and in Bafligni, near a vil- lage called Meufe, from wlience it pafTes through Toul and Verdun, Champain, Luxemburg the county of Namur, ihe bi- Ihoprick of Liege, and the United Provinces, falling into the fea between Briile and Gravfande. Maisland-Sluvs, a town of the United Provinces, in Holland, and in Delf- land, 5 miles S. of Delft. Lon. 4. o. E. lat. 5». o. N. Maestricht, an ancient, large, and ftrong town of the Netherlands, ceded to the Dutch by the treaty of Miinfter. The town-houfe and the other public buildings are handfome, and the place is about four miles in circumference, and ftrongly forti- fied. It is governed jointly by the Dutch and the bidiop of Liege ; however it has a Dutch garrifon. Tho inhabitants are noted for making excellent fire-arms, and fome fay that in the arfenal there are arms fufii- eient for a whole army. Boih Papifts and Proteftants are allowed the free exercife 0/ their religion, and the magiftrates are com* pofed of both. It is feated on the river Maefe, which feparates it from Wyck, and wiih which it communicates by a handfome bridge. It is 15 miles N. of Liege, and 55 £. of BruflTels. Lon. 5. 45. £. lac. 5c. 50. N. Maesyck, a confiderable town in the bifhoprick of Liege, feated on the river Maefe, S miles S. W. of Ruremond, and 30 N. E, of Liege. Lon. 5. 50. E.lat. 51. 5. N. Macadoxo, th» capital town of a king- dom of the fame name, in Africa, and on the coaft of Ajan ; feated near the mouth of a river of the fame name, defended by a ci- tadel, and has a good harbour.^ The inha- bitant; are Mahometans. Lon. 45. 15.. E. lat. 3. c. N. * MACDAtKvr -Hitt, a place in Himpfhire, near Wintoo, where there is MAG one fair, oti Auguft z, for cheefe, leatfiefi and horfes. • Magdalene's Cavi, a caveof Gei*- many, and in Carinthia, 10 miles E. of Gortz. It appears like a chafm in a rock, and at the entrance torches are lighted to conJuft t'avellers. It is diviHed into feve- ral apartments, or halls, with a vaft num- ber of pillars formed by nature, which give it a beautiful appea ance,they being as whito as fnow, and almoft tranfparent. The bot- tom is of the fame fubftance, infomuch that a perfort may fancy himfelf to be wal'^ing among the luins of an enchanted caftle, fur* roufuded with magnificent pillars, fome eA- (ire and others broken. Magdeburg, a large, ancient, ftrong, handfome, and trading town of Germany, in Lower Saxony, and capital of a duchy of the fame name. The fortificatioiis are by fome thought to furpafs thofe of moA towns in the empire. There were fcveral hundred houfes burnt to the ground, which have been rebuilt by French refugees. There is a handfome palace, a fine arfenal, and a magnificent cathedral ; which contains the fupeib maufoleum of Otho the Great. Among many other pretended reliques, they fhewr the ladder on which the cock wag perched when Peter denied hi; mafter, the lanthorn of Judas when he betrayed Jefus Chrifl, a rib of the whale which fwallowed up Jonas, and four palm-tree brancfies which where ufed when Chrid made his triumphal entry into Jerufalem. It is feated on t'.ie river Elbp, 40 miles W. of Branden- burg, and 125 S. E. of Hamburg. Lon. la. 15. E. lat. 52. 18. N. MAGDEBORn, the duchy of, a territdry of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxorty, bounded on the N. by the Old Marche of Brandenburg, on the E. by the Middle Marche, on the S. by the provinces of An- haltand Halberfladt, and on the W. by th« duchy of Brunfwick. It is about 60 miles in length, and 30 in breadth, ard belong.? to the king of PrufTia. The capital town is oi the fame name. Magdelana, a large river of S. Ama- rica, which rifes unHer the equator, and run- ning N. through Terra Firma, unites with the Cance, and then is called Rio Gtande, ^nd falls into the N. Sea below Mardre-de* Popa. • Magdilena, a river of N. Ameri- ca, in Louifiania. It had its fource in the mcuntains which feparate Louifiania from New.Mexico, and falls into the S. Srta to the S. W. of the bay of St. Lewis. Magil IAN, a famous f^rait of S. Ame- rica, difcovered in 11520 by one Magellan^ aPoi- h wei gei fo« Ho a »hel ^ AG Portuguefe in the fcrvice of Spain, fince hich time it has been failed through by fe- veial navigators } but the pafTage being dan- gerous and troublerome, they have now found out another to the S. Sea, round Cape Horn. The inhabitants on each fid« are of a copper colour, with long black hair like the reft of the native Americans : and both fnen and women go ftark naked in the coldeft weather, though they have a fort of a gar- ment in the form of a carpet, which they fometimes wrap about their bodies ; on their heads they have caps of the (kins of fowls, with the feathers on, and on their feet they tie pieces of ikins. They never wear their garments but when they are feting down, even in the moft excelTive cold weather. The Spaniards call the country to the N. of this Arait Terra Magellanica, and reckon it a part o.^ Chili. They had a fort and 7, garrifon upon this Arait, but the men were ^.il ftarved to death, for want of pro- vilions. Maggiorx, a lake in Italy, lying partly in the duchy of Milan, and partly in the country of the Grifons, being about 35 miles in length, and 6 in breadth, * Maghian, a large town of A(ia« in H»ppy Arabia. Lont 44, 15. E. lat 16. 3. N. * Magliano, a fmall but populous town of Italy, in the tenitory of the Fope and diftriA of Sabina j feated on a moun- tain, near the river Tiber, 30 miles S. W. of Spoletto, and 30 N. £. of Rome. Lon. 22. 35. E. lat. 44. 55. N Magnavacca, a fmall town of Italy, in the Ferrarefe, with a r'ort, feated at the mouth of the lake Ccmachio, in tlie euiph of Ver^ice, 18 miles N. of Ravenna. Lon. IS. 51. E.lat. 44. 55. N. * Magnesia, a town of A fia, in Pro- per Natolia, with a bifhop's fee ; feated on the Sarabat, zi miles above the city of Smyrna, and was formerly the feat of the Ottoman empire. It is ftill large, populous, and rich, and (lands on an eminence, which is commanded by another whereon a cita- del is built. Lon. 23. 5. £. lat. 39. jz. N, Magny, a town of France, in the French Vexin, on the road from Paris to Rouen; feated in a fertile plain, 35 miles W. of Paris. Lon. i. 5c. E lat. 45. 11 N. * Ma COR, a village of MonmouthHiire, with two fairs, on the two laA Mondays in J/cnt, for horned cattle. * Magra, a river of Italy, which rifes in the Apennine mountains, in the valley of Magra, where it walhesPontremoli, paflls •n t" Sarzana, in the territory of Genoa, and falls aljttie after into the Mediterranean S^a. M A I * Macia, the valley of, lying in Italy, and in the grand duchy of Tufcany, be- ing ; 35. W. lat. 48. 18, N. Maillezais, a town of France, in Poi- tou, fuated in a morafs, and in an iAand formed by the rivers Seure and Autize, 30 miles N. E. of Rnchelie, and 225 S. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 40. W. lat. 46. 22. N. * Maina, a country of Turky in Alia, in the Morea, lying between two chains of mountains which advance into the (ea» The inhabitants could never yet be fubdued by the Turks, on account of their valour and their mountains. Their greatcA trafBck i confiAs M A J !! •onfifts in flave?, which they take inrlifTer* cntly from the Turks and (he Chriflians< They have a harhour and a town of the fame name, and their language is bad Greek. Maine, a river of France, in thtconnty Af Maine, which rifes at Linieres, on the borders of Normandy, foon after which it receives the Sarte, and at length fails into to Loire. Maine, a province of France, with the title of a duchy ; bounded on the N. by Normandy ; on the £. by Perche, Dunois, and Yendomois ; on the S. by Anjoo and part of Touraine ; and on the W. by Anjou and Bretagne. It is 88 miles in length, and 50 in breadth. The principi.1 rivers art the Maienne, the Hulfne, the Sarte, and the Loire. It abounds in com, wine, Aax, and cattle, and there are mines of iron, quar- ries of marble, and mineral water. Their pullets are excellent, and well known at Pa- ris. Mans is the capital town. Maine, a river of 6ermjt>y, which rifes in the £. fide of the circle of Franconia, and tunning weflward, pafles thro* the bifhop- rick of Bamberg into the eIe£lorate of Mentz, and falls into the Rhine at Mentz. It runs by Bamberg, Wirtzberg, AfchafFenburg, Ha- nau, and Francfort. Maine, a province of N. America, in Kew-England, bounded by Kova Scotia on the N. E. by MalTachufets bay on the S. and the province of N«w-Hampfliire on the S, W. and N. W. Mainland, an Ifland of Scotland, and one of the Shetland ifles, being the princi- pal of them. It it pretty fertile and popu. Ions, confidering where it lies. Maintenon, a town of France, in Beauce, feated in a valley between two mountains, and on the river Dure, with a caflle, a collegiate chu!c!i, and a priory. It gave a title to the famous Madam de M;'. . tenon. It is 5 miles from Chartres. Lon. 1.40. E. lat. 48. 33. N. • Mainungen, a town of Germany, in Franconia, and capital of a fmall diflrift be- longing to the houfe of Saxe-Gotha j 8 miles N. £. of F]enneberg. Lon. 10. 35. £. lat. 50. 36. IT. Majorca, an iHand belontting to Spain, in the Mediterranean Sea, between I vica and Minorca, about So miles S of the Spanifl) coafl. It is about 60 miles in length, and 45 in breadth ; is a mountainous country bur produces good corn, olive trees, and de- licate wine. It has no rivers, though there at " a great many fine fountains and wells. The inhabrants are robuft, lively, and very go..d failors. The capital town is of the tame name. M A L . ▼/ toR e A , a large, rich, and rtrong; town, capii, of the ifland of the fame name, with a bifht o's fee. The public fquares, the ca- thedral, and the royal palace are very mag- nificent. Thereareabout6ooohoufes, which are built after the antique manner; and there is an univerfity, more ancient than celebrated. It has aa churches befides the cathedral, and the harbour is extremely good. A captain-general refictes here, who com- mands the whole ifland, and there is a gar- rifon kept to defend it againd the incurflons of the Moors. It was taken by the Englifll in 1706, and retaken in 1715. Ic is feateu on theS. W. fide of the ifland. Lon. 2. 55. E. lat. 39. 40. N. Ma I RE, a ftrait which lies between Terra del Fuego in S. America, and Staten ifland, being a paflage to Cape Horn, difcovered by Le Maire. * Mate ANT, St. an ancient town of France, in Poitou, with a Benedictine ab- bey. It carries on a great trade in corn, and is feated on the river Sevre, 30 miles S. W. of Poitiers, and 215 S. W. of Paris. Malabar, the name of the weftern part of the peninfula on this fide the Ganges in Afia, divided among feveral petty princes and ftates, generally tributary to the Great Mogul ; but fis thefe will all be mentioned in their proper places, they need not be enumerated here, and efpecially as the cuf- roms and manners of the inhabitants are very different, as well as the productions. However, we may obferve in general, that the inhabitants are all blacks, or, at leaft, of a dark olive complexion, with long black hair, and tolerable features. In feme places they are di(\inielmer, and is a very ancient place. Here are Aill to be feen intrenchments thrown up by the Danes, with the ruins of an old abbey and monaAery ; and feveral curiofi> ties have been dug up here, as ancient coina, Saxon armour, iron cups, Sec. The to n- hall is an ancient edifice, and was formerly a caAle, belonging to the king. Here waa Cromwell's head-quarters, and feveral bat- tles have been fought near this place. Thia town is governed by x bailiflfs, 8 aldermen, and 18 common-council. It has z very old churches, 3 meeting - houfes, and about 1000 houfes, which are l)ut indifTerently built, and the Areets are narrow, and not paved. The town has two bridges, over ;ii^ rivers Chelmer and Clack-water, and, having a commodious harbour, carries on a confiderable trade, chiefly in corn, coals, iron, wine, brandy, and rum, of which the people import great quantities. It is 9 miles E. by N. of Chelmsford, and 38 E. NF. E. of London. Lon. o, 50. £• lat. 5i>4l« N. Maldives. SeeMoLDivEs. MALtsTROiT,a town of France, in Brft* tagne, and in the diocefe of Vannes ; feated on the river Oull, 37 miles E of Fort- Louis. Lon. *. 16. W. lat. 47. 45. N. * Malham. a village in Yorkdiire, with two fairs, on June 25, and Odlober 4, lor n^eep. Malines. See Mechlin, * Malio, or Capo Malic, or St. An- GELO, a cape of tlie Morea, at the S. en- trance of the guiph of Napoli, 1 5 milei E, of Malvafia. Malling, a town in Kent, with a mar- ket on Sat'Jidays, and three fairs ; viz. on AuguA 11. Odober ii, and November 17, for bullot-ks, horfes, and toys* It is featetf near Compherit..Wood, and had formerly a nunnery deiiic^ued '.o t!ie Virgin Mary. It is 6 miles V/. cf MaidAone, and 30 B. by S. of London. Lon. o, 30. £. lat. 51. io» N. M .^ L L 0, a town of Ireland, in the county of Cork, and province of Munfler, feated nn the liver Dlackwater, 17 miles N. oi Cork. Lon. 8. 35. W. lat. 52.0. N. .M A I. M K D Y, a town of Germany, in th* circle of VVeAphalia, and biflioprick of Liege, with an abbey ; feated on tl\e river Recht, 9 miles S. of Lim.bur?, and i;i N« if Luxemburg, Lcn. 4. 29- £, lat.. 50. t^S* N- li.. , ... ■. Z X *MMn M r-: i M A L • Malmi«tra, an ancient town of Adi, in Natolia, and in AlHtili, wih an •rchbifhop'ft fee ; feated at the mouth of a river of the fame name, which divides ii into the Old and New I'own. It is 30 mile* S E.ofTarfus. Lon. 35. 35. E.lat. 36-. 50. N. Malmok, a fea- port town of Sweden, in the province of Gothland, and territory of Shonen, feated on the ftreig't called the Sound, with a large harbour, and a flronji citadel ; 10 mileM S. E. of LunHen, and 15 S. E. ot Copenhagen. Lcn. is. 19. E. lat. 53- IS- N. M A tMSBVR y, a town in Wiltshire, with a m^ikct on Saturdays, and three fairs ; viz. on March 17, April 7, and May 26, for cattle and horfes. It is pleafantly feated on a hill, and on the river Avon, which al- moin furrounds it, and over which it has fix bridges ; is a very ancient place, and has an a1m»-houfe for 4 men and 4 women. It is s6 miles ii. bj N. of Briftol, and 90 W. of Xondon. Lon. 1. 7. W. lat. 51. 34. N. Ma 1.0, St. a fea-port town of France, in Bretagne, with a bifhop's fee. It has a large well-frequented harbour, but difficult cf accefs, on account of the rocks that fur- round it; is a rich, trading place, of great importance, and defended by a ftrong ca- file. It was bombarded by the EngliOt in 1693, bur without fuccefs. However, in June 175S, Ihey landed men in Cancallc Bay, who went to the harbour by land, and burnt above 100 fhips, gieat and fmall ; and then retired to the fhips, without lofs. It is feated on an idand united to the main land by a caufeway; is chiefly inhabited by feafaring men, who in time of war fit out a ^reat many privateers to cruize upon the Englifli. It is 17 miles N. W. of Dol, and ao5 W. of Paris. Lon. i. 57. W. Jat. 48 39. N. M a LOR I A , a fmall ifland of Italy, on the coaft of Tufcany, 10 miles W. of Leghorn, Lon. II. o. £. lat. 43. ao. N. Malfartido, a town of Spain, in the province of EAremadura. The duke of Berwick retired to this place in 1706, after Che allies had taken Alcantara. It is 14 miles S. of Placentia. Lon. 6. o. W 39. 20. N. M A L Chefter, and 157 N. W. of London. Lon. »• 55. W, lat. 53. 5. N. MALrLA(i.uKT,a village of the Nether- lands, in Hainauir, famous for a battle fought here between the Allies and the Fiench. See Bl arign lis. Malta, an ifland of the Mediterranean Sea, between Africa and Sicily, 10 miles in length, and iz in breadth } formerly reckoned a part of Africa, but now belongs to Europe. It was anciently little elfe thari a barren rock ; but there has been brought from Afiica fuch quantities of foil, that it is now become a fertile ifland. However^ they fow but little corn, becaufe they can purcliafe it cheap in Sicily; but they culti> vate large quantities of lemon, cotton trees, and vines, which produce excellent wine. The heat is fo exceflive, both day and night, that the water breeds great numbers 01 gnat?, which are the plague of the coun- try. The number of the inhabitants are faid to be about 90,000 ; and they are much fuch fort of people as thofv of Sicily. The eommon people fpeak Arabic, but the bet- ter fort Italian. After the taking of Rhodes, the emperor Charles V. gave this ifland to the gr^nd mafter of the order of St. John of Jerufalem, and it is extremely vvell forti- tied. It was attacked by the Turks in I s66, who were obliged to abandon the en« terprize with the lofs of 30,000 men. The kniglitsof Malta formeilyconflfled of eight nations ; but now they are but feven, be- caufe the Englifli have forfaken them. The^ are obliged to fupprefs all pyrates, and are at perpetual war with the Turks and other Mahometans. They are all under a vow of celibacy and chadity ; and yet they make no fctuple of taking Grecian women for mifli-eflcs. It is about 60 miles S. of Sici- ly, and 100 E. of Tunis in Afripa. Malta, or rather Valitta, an ex- ceeding ftrong and very confiderable town of the ifland of Malta, of which it is the capi- tal, and well fortified. It is a bifliop's fee, is the refidence of the grand mafter and knights of the order, and has a magnificent hofpital. It is divided into three parts^ whic') are fo many peninfulas, conflfling of lat. i folid rctk, and fepa'ated from each othe* by channels, capable of receiving large fleets. Malpas, a town of Cliefliire, with a The ftreets are fpacious, and the houfes market on Mondays, and three fairs, en buili witii white Hone. The whole ifland March 25, July 25, and December 8, for !c.m» sins 26 pariflies, and between 30 and cattle, linen, woollen-cloth, ha'd war^,,4o iliages. It is feated on the fea-fide and pedlars ware ; fea'ed on a high emj-' fac.:? Sicily. Loo. 33. 35. E. lat. 35. 54« nencc not lar from tlie river Dee, on the tS. ■■ I; the an( It wh ofi con bit fen mi Lot eflge of the county, is an handfo.Tie place, containing three ftitets, an hofpital, and a grammar- fchool. It is la imki S. E. 0^ Ma lton, a to- ^ in thf N. Riding <>* Yoikft^.ir- with two narket, onTuefda>» and Satuidays, and three fairs ; viz. on the LON. MA N the Saturday before Palm*Sundayt for horfes and horned cattle ; on Saturday before Whitfunday, for (heep, brafS) and pewter ; and on October lO, for pots and fnnail ware. It is feated on the river Derwent, over which there is a ftone bridge, and compofed of two towns, the Ncjv and the Old, each containing three churches. It is well inha- bited, accommodated with good inns, and fends two members to parliament. It is S4 miles N. E. of Vork, and an N. by W. of London. Lon, o. 30. W. lat. 54. 8.N. Malva, a province of Ada, in the do- minionn of the Great Mogul. It is very fertile ; and Racipoure is the capital town. Malvasia, a fmall ifland of Turky in Europe, lying on the eadern coad of the Morea, and remarkable for its excellent wines. The capital is feated on the fea- fide, at the foot of a rock, on the top of which there is a Arong fort. The rich 1 wine, called Malmfey, is brought from hence. It is the fee of a Greek archbi(hop ; > and is somites $• E. of Mi(itra, and 75 S. of Setines, or Athens. Lon. 13. 43. E. lat. 36. 59- N. Malvern-Hills, are mountains in Worqeflerfhire, and may be feen at a great diAance. Mamkrs, an ancient town of France, in Main, feated on the liver Dive. Lon. o. 26. £. lat. 48, 20. N. Man, an ifland in the Iri(h Sea, about 30 miles in length, and 8 in breadth. It contains 17 pariflies, and the chief towns are Ruthen, Douglas, and Peel. The foil is good, and produces more corn than is ft>fB:ient to maintain the natives. The air is healthy, and the inhabitants live to a very old ae;e, and are a mixture of Englilh, Scots, and Iiifh, The Duke cS Athol is their gover- nor, and is ftyled ICikg in Man. They have a bi(hop, cal!ed the bifliop of Sodor and Man ; but he is not a lord, nor has he a feat or voice in the Britifh iiarliament. The commodities of this ifland are wool, hides, and tallow j but it is mod noted for running of goods, which they difpofe of either in England, Scotland, or Ireland j for it is only iz miles S. of Scotland, 30 N. of An- glefea in Wales, 35 W of the coaft of Cumberland, and 40 E. of the coaft of Ire> Janr!. • Manachia, an ancient and con(ic?er- ab!e town of Turky in Afia, and in Nato- lia, with a caftle, hanHfome bazars, m'^fques, and hofpitals, and was known to the ancients by the name of Magnefia. It is feated in a fertile country, at the (cfoi of a mountain. Lon. ij, 40. £. lat. 38. 45. MAN MaNar, an ifland of Afia, in the E«ft Indies, and un the ca(\ern coaft ol the lilnnel of Ceylon. The Portuguefc got poiUirion it in 1560; but the Dutch took 11 irofn litem in 1658. Lon. 80. 45. E. lat. 9. c. N * Manar, a fo*n of Afia, m tt.tj Eaft Indies, and in the peninfula bejonri tl'o Ganges. It is capital of a fmall kingdom, and is feated rn the river Menan, on the confines of Siam. Mancha, a te rirory of Spiin, in ili« province of NcwCallle, lying between «h« river Guadiana and Andalufia. It is a mountainous country; and it was heie t*i* famous Don Quixote was fuppofed to per^ furm his chief frxploits. Manchbsteb, a town in Lancafh're, with a maikci on Saturdays, and three fairs } viz. on Whit- Monday, Sfpff'fiibtr II, and November 6, for horfes, Lort.td cattle, bedding, clotli, and toys. It i» feated between the rivers lik rnd Irwell upon a ftony hill, is a place of great anii* quity, and now a la'ge flouiifjjing town, very populous, and lias feveral curious ma- nufadlutes, known in London by the name of Manchcfter goods. Their velvets of la-e are come into great repute, and aie much made ufc of for breeches. Its chief orna- ments are the college, the matkct-pUcc, and the collegiate church ; which laft has a fmall choir, of excel ent woikmanfhip. It has an additional churcl, which was b>-.gua in Q^Anne's reign, and finiflied in 1723. It fends no members to parliament j but it has the tile of a duchy ; is 67 miles W. S. W. of York, and 166 N.N. W. ofLomton. Lon. z. 12. W. lat. 43. 27. N. * Mancup, a town of Crim T'^rtary. It is feated on a mountain near the liver Karbata, 20 miles W. of Baciefary. * Manhf. R scH t IT, a town of Germa- ny, in the circle of the Lowf r Rhine, and in the eleciorate of t riers, capital of a county ot the fame name, between rhe dio- cefc of Triers and the duchy of Juliets. It is 20 miles N. of Triers or Treves. Lon. 6. 32. E. lat. 50. 30. N. * Mandr.o, a fmall defart Ifland, in the ArchipelikO, furrou'>''ed with roks, between S»mj and Labgo, and gives name to tlie fea near it. MANFREnoMA, a town of Italv, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Capita- nata, wiili a caftie, a frcod iiarbour, and an archbifiicp's fee. It v^as burnt by theTo^ka in 1620 ; is feated on a gulph of the fame name, 50 mi es N. cf Cirenza, and 100 N. E. of Naples. Lon. 16. o. E. lat. 41. 38. N. M.ANr.AL0R,a fea«poit town of Afia, in Z z 2 the \w MAN MAN the penlnfula on thit firie the Ganges, and on the coafl o( Malabar. It is one of the mo(\ conficierable places in ihc kingdom of Canary, and has a moit excellent road for the Ihips to anchor m, while tlie rainy fea- fonUrtsj iffia'edon a riling; fc^ound, and inhahited by Gentoos and Mahonr.etans. Ti ey »re of a tawney complexion, with long black hair, and go half niked. On their it(\'iv»\ da^s, they carry their idols in triumpl), beinc; placed in a waggon, adorned on alt fides with flowers. Theie arc feve- ral (harp crooked iron horks TiOencd to the wheels, upcn which the mad devotees throw tiiemfelves, and arecrufhed to pieces. They expofc their crimin Is quite naked on the fands, whore they die a moft miferable and lingering death. It is thegreatefl placa for trade of any in the kingdom ; and the Portuguefe have a faftory here for rice, and a pretty large church frequented by black converts, but the priefts arc a fhamelefsfet of men, wlio wilt not fcruple to pimp for any Aranger. The fields near this place bear two crops of corn in a ye.ir ; and the higher grounds produce pepper, betel nuts, fandal wood, iron, and (^eel. The houfes •re meanly built along the fiJts jf the rivers 5 and it has fcatcc any defence againfl enemy. Lon. ?<'• 10. E. lat. 13, o. N. * Manha a I ifHER R, the northern part of Lower Auftria, in Germany, feparated from the fouthern by the liver Danube, and bounded on the E. by Upper AuAna. on the °N. by Bohemia an. Moravia, and oti the £. by Hungary. Manheim, a Arong town of Germany, in the Lower Palatinate, with a ftrong ci- tadel, and a palace, whtie the elcflor- Pa- latine often refides. It is feated at the con- fluence of the rivers Neckar and Rl.ine, 10 miles N.E. of Spire, and 8 W. of Heidel- burg. Lon. 3. 33. E. lat. 49. 25. N. * Manifi,, a mountain of N. Ameri- ca, in the iflar.d of Hifpaniola, *a miles in circumference, and fo high and craggy, that it is almoft inaccefTible* * Maninoapatak, a town of Afia, in the E. Indie?, and in the peninfyl.-^ on this fide the Ganf.es ; feated near the fea- ihote, X ;, miles N. E. of Brampore, in the kingdom of Golconda. ^ Manilla. SccLuconia. Maningtrfk, a townofEflTex, with a market onTuefdays, and one fair, on June 1 5, for toys; feated on the river Srour, 9 miles E. N. E. of Colchefter, and 59 E. N. E. of London. Lon. i. 16. £. lat. 52. $. N. MANOJQ_tji, a town of France, in Pro vsncci with a caflle, the order of Malta } feated on the rtvcr Dj ranee, 10 miles S, of Forcalquicr, and 380 S. by E. of Paiit. Lon. c. C5, E. lat. 41* 5.. N. MANRtSA, an ancient town of Spain, in Catalonia, feated at the confluence of the rivers C^rdonero and Lobregat, ax miles N. W. of Barcelona, and 15 S. E. of Car- donna. Lon. I. 55. E. lat. 41. 36. N. Mans, a rich, populous, large, and an- cient town of France, and the capital of Maine, with a bi(Tiop'» fee. Its wax and (luffs are very famous. It is feated on a high hill near the river Sart, 10 miles S. of Alen- zon, and 75 W. by N. of Orleans. Lon. o. 10. E. lat. 47. 58. N. Mansfeld, a town o# Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and capital of a county of the fame name; 35 miles S. of Magdeburg, and 48 W. of Wiitemburg, Lon. la. 55. E. lat. 51, 35. N. MANsritLD, a town fh Nottingham- (hire, with a mat ket on Thorfdays, and two fairs; viz, on June 29, for horned cattle and hogs ; and on the ad Thurfday in Oflo- ber, for horfts and cheefe. It is feated ttt the foteA of Shtrwood, and is a pretty Iirge town, with good hnufes j drives a gre« an [trade, and is famous for malt. It is i} miles N. of Nottingham, and 136 N. by W. of London. Lon. i. 6. W lat, 53. ix. N. • Mansilla, a town of Spain, in the kingdom of Leon, 15 miles S. W, of the city of Leon. Lon. 4. 55. iV. lat, 4a. 30. N» Man TE, a confidei ole town of France, in the Ifle of Franco, and capital of the Mantois ; feated on :he river Seine, 27 miks N. W. of Paris. Lon. i. 45. E. lat. .^8. s8. N. Man TWA, the duchy of, a country of Italy, lying along the river Po, which di- vides it into two parts. It is bounded on the N. by the Verontfe ; on the S. by the duchies of Reggio, Modena, and Miran- dola ! on the E. by the Fcrrarefe ; and on the W, by the Cremonefe. It is about 50 milea in length, and 27 in breadth; is fruitful in corn, padures, flax, fruits, and excellent wine. Charles IV. the laft duke of Mantua,' being a va(ral of the empire, took part with the French, in the difpute relating to the fuccefiion of Spain ; for which reafon he was put under the ban of the empire, and died at Venice in 1708. He having no heirs, the emperor kept the Mantuan in his own hands, and the duke of Savoy had Montferrat, which were confirmed to then> jby fubfequent treaties. After the death of I the emperor, in 1740, his eldeft daughter, md a commandery of i now emprefs- queen, kept poffefnon of the I Mantuan ^ Ma his Ma tua, par. foio 'i'h( and of of iflai lar^ ven (0 MAR Manfuan } and the governor of the Milar.cfc has the adminidration of affair*. The M^ntuan coniprehcnda the ducliies of Man- tua, Guanalla, and Sabloneta } the princi- palities of Cafliglione, Solforina, and Bo- (o\o } likewtfe the county of Novcllara. The principal rivers are the Po, the Oglio, and tiie Minchio { and the principal town i5 of the fame name. Mantua, the capital city of the duchy of ilie fame name, in Italy, feated on an ifland in the middle of a lake. It it very large, having i gates, xi paiiflies, 40 con- vents and nunneries, a quarter for the Jews 10 live in, and above 16,000 inhabitants. The ftreets are broad and ftrait, and the houfes well built. It is ve( y Arong by fitu- ation as well as by art, and there is no coming at it but by two caufeways, which crofs (he lake ; for which rcifon, it is one cf the mod confHerable fortrtiTcs in Europe : and the Allies, in 173;, though their army was in the duchy, durft not undo take the fiege. It was greatly noted for its filks, and filk nianufadlures, which are now much de- cayed. The air in the fummer-time is very unwholcfome. The famous poet Vircii. was born at a village near this city. It h feated on the fiver Minchio, and is an arih- bilhop's fee, and an univerfity ; 35 miles N. E. of Parma, ao W. of Verona, and aao N. by W. of Rome. Lon. 10. 47. E. lat. 45. 10. N. Makacaybo, a rich and confiderable town of S. America, and capital of the pro- vince of Venezuila. It carries on a great trade in fkins and chocolate, which is the bed in America } and they have likewife very fine tobacco. It was taken by the French buccaneers in 1666 and 1678. It is feated near a lake of the fame name. Lon. 7c. 45. E. lat. 10. o. N. Maracaybo, a lake in S. America, is 100 miles in length, and 200 in breadth, and runs into the N. fea. It is well defend«:d by ilrong forts, which, however, did not hinder Sir Henry Moigan, a buccaneer, from entering it, and plundecing feveral Spanifli towns feated on the coaA. He alfo defeated a fquadt on fent out to take him. * Maragnan, a province of S. Ame- rica, in Brazil, which comprehends a fertile populous idand of iiz miles in circumfer- ence. The French fettled here in 1612, and built a town ; but tliey were foon driven from thence by the Portuguefe, who have pofTelTed it ever fince. It is little, hut ftrong, and has a caflle, a harbour, and a bifhop's fee. The climate is very agreeable and wholefome, and there is plenty of moft things, Lon. 54. 35. W, Ut. a, o. S. MAR * Mamana, a river of Italy, in tht Campania nt Rome, which pafTes by th« town of Grotta Feirara, and then feparate* into two branches ; nne of which falls inta the Teveronc, and the other Into the Tiber near Rome. Mar ANA. See Maf. OONA, Ma r a n 0, a town of Italy, in the terrl« tory of Venice, and province of Friuli, with a ftiong citadel } feated in a mar(h, whicN renders it ditlicuU of accef:i, and at the bot- tom of the Gulph of Venice. Lon. 13. 15. £. lat. 46. o. N. Mar AN 3, a rich town of France, in the territory of Aunis, and dio^efc of Ruchelle ; feated among f.ilt mar(he«, near the river Sevrc, three miles from the fca. It carries on a very great trade in corn ; and it is t% miles N. E. of Roclitlle. Lon. o. 55. W, lat. 46. ao. N, Mar ANT, a town of Afi*, in Perfia, and in the province of Adinbafin ; feated in a fertile and pltafart country. The inhabi- tents affirm, that Noah and his wife wera buried here. * Marascr, a town of Afia, in Nato- lia, feated near the liver Euphrates, ix miles below Malahyah It is a populons place, and capital of a beglerbcgic, encom- palTtid by the mountains of Taurus, Anti- Taurus, and the Euphrates. Lon. 38. 25. E. lat. 38. 15. N. * Mar ATHONA, avillage ofGreecc, in Livadia, formerly a city. It is famous for a victory obtained by Miltiades. with io,oco Athenians, over 500,000 Ferfians, who loft above 100,000 men. * Marbach, a town of Germany, it) the circle of Suabia, and duchy of Wirtem- bergj feated on the river Netkar, over which it has a bridge. It was taken and burnt by the French in iCo'? 5 is 16 m les S. of Hallbron, and 13 N. of Stutgard. Lon. 9. 15. E. lat 48. 53. N. * Marbei.la, a town of Spain, in An- dalufi:*, feateH at the mouth of the river Rio Vt-rde ; 30 miles N. E. of Gibraltar, and 28 S. VV. of Malaga. Lon. 5. 25. W. lat. 30. 25. N. * Marca, a fmall ifland intheGulph of Venice, ahout 5 miles from Ragufi, on which it depends. It had formerly a bi- ftiop's fee ; but the town is now in ruins. * Marca Trfvisana, a province of Italy, in the republic of Venire, boun'^od on the E. by Friuli and the Guljh of Ve- nice ; on the S. by the fea, tie Dogate, and Paduano ; on the N, by tVe Feltrino, and the Bclunefe ; and on the VV. by the Vicen- tifio. The foil is fertile, and piorfuces corn, wine, and wood ; and they gam largr' furru by : IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I ■50 "^^ 125 2.2 lU KO 12.0 li . l|l-25 lU ||.6 III 111=^ 11111=^ ^ 6" ► vl / o^ ^ Wj^' ^, ^> ^^ /4 PhotDgrapbic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14SB0 (716) t72-4S03 l/.x MAR of Samttri, 3 miles E. tf Bencoolen, and 3.00 M. W. of B^tavia. ,Lon. joi. 0. £. wt. 4. 15. N. Ma a LOW, a town of Buckinghamlhire, with a market on Saturdays, and one fair, CO Odober 29, for cattle, cheefe, and hops { hftfA OD the river Thames, over whidi ihare is a bridge into BaikOiire, and fends s ■aambers to parliament. It is 17 miles S. of il>kfbury, and 31 W. of London. Lon. o. 45. W. lat. 51. 34 N. Maily, a palace belonf^ing to the king of France, between Verfailles and St. Ger- main } (eated in a valley, near a village and fbrcft of the fame name. It is noted for its Ane garden* and water-works, there being k curious machine on the river Seine, which toot only fopplies them with water, but alfo thofe of Verfailles. It is 10 miles N. W. of Faris. Lon. a. 1 1. E. lat. 48. 5Z. N. MAaMANDi, a town of France, in Cui mn*, and in Agxnnuis. It carries on a graal trade in corn and wine, and is feated 0D the river Garonne, 30 miles S. £. ol Bour- deaux, and 350 S. by W. ef Paris. Lon. o. 15. E. lat. 48. 35- N. Mas MORA, the name of four iflands in Afia, in the fea of the fame name. , The latgeft is about 30 miles in circumierence, and the foil of them all produces corn, wine, and fruits. The fca of Marmora is a large gnlph, virhich communicates both with the Archipeiago, and the Black Sea by ,that of Conftantinople, being izc miles in ^ngth, and 50 in bieadth, and all (hips muft l^fs thro* it that fail to Conftantinople from 9he Mediterranean. It was anciently called 'the Propontis. MAaMx, a river of France, which has fource in ^aiTigny, and runs N. W. through Champagne to Chalons, and from thence pafles to Meaux, Lagny, and Cha- tenton, and falls into the Seine a little be* lovr it. * Makmhau, a village in Nottingham- ihire, vwith one fair, on September i, for luMrned cattle, borfes, hogs, and merchan* 4diae. JMako, afmall town of Italy, on the coaft of Genoa, and in a valley of the fame JVante* with tb» title of a marquifate ; 8 jmiles N. W. of Oneglia, and 48 W. S. W. )pf Genoa. Lon. 7. 50. £. lat. 44. a. N. ,,.,P Marogj^a, a.town of Turky in.Eu- ^pe, in Romania, with a Greek archbi- ^op'a fee i feated near the fea, 70 nulc& S. W. of Adrianoplc, and i<;o S, W. of Con- ftantinople. Lqn. 25. 41. £. lat. 40, 56. N. ' -MAaoeirM, or|ilaaisn, a river which rifqa in the Carpathian mouniainsi lui^ S< I ^t% MAR thto* Tranfilvania, and afterward* turning W. palTes into Hungary, and falls into the liver Tcyfe at Segedin. * MAaooTiaa, a (own of France, in Lower Alface, with a BenediAine abbey; 3 miles S. of Saverne, and 1 8 N. W. of Straf- burg. Lon. 7. 33. E. lat. 48. 38. N. Marfurc, a ftrong and confiderable town of Germany, in the Upper Rhine, and in the landgravate of Hefle-CaflTel, with an uAiverfity, a caAle, a palace, a handfome fquare, and a magnificent town-houfe. It is feated on the river Lohn, in a pleafant country, 1 5 miles S. of Waldeck, and 47 S. W. of Caflel. Lon. 8. 53. £. lat. 50. 41. N. * Mab p vrg, a handfonne town of Ger> many, in Lower Styria, feated on the river Drave, t$ miles S. W. of Graiz, and 60 N. £. of Laubach. Lon. 16. to. E. la(> 46. 4a. N. Mar a, a county of Scotland, boundad on the N. by feuchan and Bamft, on !he E. by ;he German uccan, on the S. by Mera and Gowf), and on the W. by.Badenoch and Athol. The chief town is Aberdeen. Marsai:, a town of France, in Lorrain, remarkable for its fait- works ; feated in • marfli on the river Selle, of difficult accefs } which, together with the fortifications, ren- der it an important place. It is 17 milea N. E. of Nanci. Lon. 6. 43. E. lat. 48. 46. N. Marsala, an ancient and ftrong town of Sicily, in the valley of Mazara. It ia well peopled, and built on the luina of thf ancient Lilyboeum, 53 milea S. W. of Pa- lermo, and II N.of Mazara. Lon. la. ;i7« E. lar. 37. 5x M. * Marsan, or MovMT Marsam, a town of France, in Gafcony, and capital of a fmall tenitory of the fame name, fcttil* in wine } feated on the river Midufe, 25 miles from Dax. Lon. o. 39. W. lat. 44. o. N. MARSA(^uiviR,orMARSAL((;jDivza, a ftrong and ancient town of Africa, on the soaft cf Barbary, and in the province of Beni-Aiax, in the kingdom of Tremafen, with one of the b«ft harbours in Africa. It was taken by the Spaniards in 173a ; it feated on a rock near a bay of the fea, 3 miles from dan. Lon. o. 10. W. lat. 35. 40. N. Ma,rseillxs, a ftrong fea port town, and the moft rich and trading place of Pro- vence. Here it a good harbour, where tha French gallies are ftaiioncd, for it will not admit large men of war. It is divided into ^he Old Town and the New : In the Old the boufes are not (0 well built as in th« other. MAR •ther. They are feparateH by a Hreet har diriedby trees on eac!i fide, and is faid to contain ioo,oo3 inhabitants. It is one of the mofl trading towns in France, to which its harbour contributes, which has a chain crofs i*s mouth. Without the walls is the caflle of Nullre Dim:, which is vecy well fa-titied. It is n bin)>,/s fee, and there ii a French academy, it having Seen noted at all times for mt:n ot' leirniQ^. In 1660 lewis XIV, built (h: citadel and fort St. John to Icsep the inhabitan's in awe, be- caufe they pretended to be free. The Je- fuits had a very fine obfervatory here j and in the arfenal, built not long ago, there are arms for 40,000 men. In the houfe of dif- cipiine they weave gold, fther, and filk brocirfes. They reckon aooo c.">«ntry- houfes round Matfeillcs, where t'e inhabi- tan s go in the fummer-tims to take the air. The public buildings ae very handfomc:, and the fineft Hrujs are broug'it iiither f^om all parts of the world. A fhi)) from Sayde in 1720 brought the plague to this place, of which a Vid number of the inhabitants died. *It is feated on tiie fhore of the Mr- diterranean, i ; miles S. of Aix, 13 N. W. of Toulon, and 422 S. by E. of Paris. Lon 4. X7. £. lat. 43. 18. N. MARSANn■R.^^, a province of Afia, in Perfia, bounded on the N. by the Cafpian W. by K'lilan ; on the S. by Sea ; on the IracAgemi; and on the E. by Aflrabad. Farabad is the capi al town. * Marsh, a village of Camb-idgefliire, in the ifls of Ely, with two fairs, on Whit Monday for hou(hold goods, and on Oclobei tj for cheefe. Mapehfield, a town of Glocefterlhire, with a ma ktt on Tuefiiays, and two laiis j on May 14, and Ofiober 14, for horned cattle, fheep, horfes, and cheefe. It is feated en the Cotfwold- hills, on tlie road from London to Bri(\ol, from which it is diflant It miles Z. and 103 W. of London. Lon. a. ao. W. lat. 51. 30. N, • Marsi, t'e duchy of, .■» fmill territory of Italy, and in the Farther Abruzzo, which lies about the hke Celano. Marsico Ncovo, a fmall, ric!', and handfome town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in ths Hither Principato, wiili a bilhop's fee. It is featfd at the foot of the Appennines, ns^r the river Agri, 6 miles from Marfico Vccchio, and 70 S. E. of Naples. Lon. 15. 49. E. lat. zo. 42. N. Marstani>, an ancif nt, ftaple town of Sweden, in Gothland, now gone to decay, it having but 20 burghers. Marta, a town of Iraly, in the pafii- IROny ut Sr. Peter, and in the duchy of Ca- M A R rtro; feated on a lake of the fame h»me, oihcrwife called B:)!fepna, 35 miles N. of Ro'Tie. Li'n 11. 40. E. Ut. 41. an. N. M ARTAB > N, a province ot Afia, in the kirgdoiii of I'tgu, lying en the gul|)h of B.ngal. The foil is feitile in rice, and a I forts of fruits, and thpic are wjnes of all kinds. The cnjital town is of tie fame name, and wa:. a rich trf,ding plice, before t'ley furk fliips at the (Ofrance vl ilie har- bour to chuak it up, which it has done ef- feflually ; bcfidss which, the whole coun- try is luirtcd by tlie terrible wars b.fwcen the kirgsol l-et!u and Siam, ar.d ihc fomer was taken and Uilkd b, a ptojjU calltd Bar- mais, wdo conqueied the whole kiOi-dr>m, and b n'!;;lit ii under fu'^jrdlion. Ir is 8 miles S. of Peju. Lon. 97. 50. £. Ut. 15* Martkl. a town of F.ance, in the pro- vince of Guif nne, and in Q^ierci ; felted on the nvtr Uord.igne, iS miles E. ol Satlat. Lon. 0. 4v E. lat. 45. o. N. Mar J K A, St. a provincjof S. Ameru'a, on the co.i(\ of Terra Firnia, bour.ded or* tlie?s. by the IC Sea, on the E. by Rio-de- la-Hache, on the S. by New-Gianada, and on the \V. by Carth.^gena It is 300 niilef in length, and 200 in b eadth ; is a moun- tainous country, and the land very high. Here the fami^us lidge of mountains bei^in, called the Cordill«ra-de lus-Andei, which run the whole length of S. America, from N, to S. It is extremely hot on the fea- coad, but within cold, on account of the mr untains. It abounds with the fruits pro- per to the climate, and there are mines of gold and precious flooes. as alfo fa!t-wrrks. The S[>'>niirds poflVfs but one pa.t of thit province, in wMch they h;)vc built M.«rtlia, th- capital. The air about the town is wholcfome, and ii is feated near the fea,> having a harbour furioundcd with high mountains. It was formerly very confider- able, when the Sjjanifh galleons were fent thither, but is now comealmofl to nothing. Lon. 74. IT. W. l.it. ir. zo, N. • Martha, St. or Sierra Ncvada, a very hig!> moiini-,^in, in New-Spain. Some fay it is 100 miles in circumference at the bottom, ar.d 5 high. Ho W. of Aunis. Lcn. I. o, VV l..t. 45. 40. N. MAR the riven Raab and Panube. • Martin's Town, a village in Dor- fe'.fhiret with one fair, on November ti, fot bullocks, Cni-.ep, and toys. • M/>«T0CK, a village in Somerfelfhire, with one fair, on Augufl xi, for hogs anj pedlars ware. Maetobano, a town of Italy, in tlip kingdom of Naples, and in the Hither Ca- labrii, with a bifliop's fee ; 8 miles frcm ti.e fea, and 15 S, of Cofenza. Lon. 13. 35. E. lat. 39. 8 N. MABTOHri., a town if Spain, in Cata- lonia, featcd at the confiaenLC of the livcrs MAUI- IN, Cwr^ a prrfr.'mtcry of V.i- Noya and Lobra.at, over which t' ere are Ierici4, in Spair, in tlic UinK.lom c.i Va lenrii, near a toAu called Dtoi.*, and fe jvA-atti ilie guiph yf Vi«ltntia Irom that of Martin, St. an ifland of Ame-ic3, and one ol' llieCnrilh«c8, lyinj^ on tlieguli'h of Wtxi-o, to t!..' M. W. of S'. Haitholomev/, and to tlie S W. of -\nguilla It is 42 two biid^;es; ii nules N. W. of B^rkciona. L'^n I. 45. E. lat. 41. 20. N, Mar TO";, a town of Spain, in Andalufia, and in Co.'dnva, with a lortrefs feated en a rock, S miles S.of Anduxar. M ARV K. sjoi. o, a hanrifome trading town of Fiance, in L?ini',"edoc ; feated in a plta- f.int valley, on titc liver Colange, jo miles in cicu:y!'ercnce, Iic3 ntiilur harbour 1 nuIesN. W. of Mende, and 300 S. of I'aris. ror rjvpi', but fevcfal fait pits. After va- rious revolutions, it is at lenc;th in pofllf- fun of tiic piench and Dutch, who poflcfs it coTij inr'y, I.on. 62. 35, W. lat. i8, j ;. N. MARTNicf>,a CQiiildsrable ifland ol N. Ame:. 3, and one of (lie Ca ibbees, about 40 milt- in len^-ih, and 100 in circumfer- ence, Thtt FrcnJi p'^fT-fTcd it ever f:nce 1635, till the i3tii of February, 1762, wl.jn it was taken by the EngUfli; but again le- jtored to the French by the peace of 1763. There are many high nount;uiis covered with trees, as well as fcvrV;t! rivers and fer- tile vallies, but they will not bear either w'leat or vines j however, the foriv.cr is not much wanted, for thofe that are born heie prijfer cafTiva to wheat bread. Ic producer fugar. cotton, gingtr, indigo, chic.late, aloes, pimento, plantainf, and othtr tropi> cat fruits ; is cxtp-iriely populous, and the governor general o* the Fiench Caribbee Iflands lefides here. !• has feveral fafe and commodious harbour?, whicli are all well foiljfied. The principal places are. Fort- IjLoyal, Fort St. Pfier, F-rt Tiini^y, Fort- Marigot, and Fort-du-Mouill.ige. There gre flill fome of thp ancient inhabitantb le- inaining. • Martimsber r;, a Benedifline ab bey, and the moft confideraljie in all Hun- Jjary, U (lands upon a very hij.h hill, and s built like a caflle, furroundfd with a large Jieath, on wliiqh there were formerly vil lagcs and chuichcJ. It was taken by the Tuiks in 1594, who could not keep it jibove two years. It is in the palatinate of Haab. which lies at the confluence of Lon. 2. 13. E. lat. if.4. 35. N. Marvii. LE, .•«. town of Lorrain, in the duchy of Uar ; feated on the river Ofliein, on the ccrAncs of Luxemburg, three miles E. of Jsmctz. •Marv Hiif-, St. a villape of Gla- morganfliire, in S. Wales, with one lair, on Auguft 15, for cattle. Ma II Y I. AND, an Englifli fettlement in N. Ameiica, lyinK at tie N. end of Chefl"e- ptik-bay, >^l.icli divides it in'o two partSi called the caflern and weftern ihoies. It is bounded on t!.e N. by Penfylvania ; on the E. by another part of Penfylvania and the fea } en the S. by Virginia } and on the W. by tic Aligany niountiiins. It is 140 mile^ in length, and as much in breadth. At fi^ ft when it was fettled it was almoft all coveted with trees, except in fome few fpots, which were old plantations of the original inhabi- tants. It refembles Virginia in all things, and the planters live in houfes difperfcd about the country, and generally near the rivers, for the conveniency of pptting their hogfheads of tobacco readily on board the i'r.i( s. The governor and propi ietor of this country was the late lo'd Baltimore, and the council was appointed by him, but the houfe of repiefentatives is chofen by the free- holders. Tlere are more papifls here than in any of the other fettlement!:, becaufe the firfl proprietors were of that religion. Marza, a place in Sicily, in the Val-di- Noto, having near it a pit full of falt-wsr ter, which being dried up in fummer, leaves a great deal of fait, of which the Inhabitants make confiderable proAti the 'Mas ' • MARtA Sirocco, a fmill Rulph on' tlie S. fideoftlicifleof Malta. The Turks landtd here in 1 56 c, when they went to be- fiege Valetta, for which rcafon ths grand maiter ordered thre» forts to be built, two | at the entrance of the gulph, and one en ' the point of land that advances into the middle of the gulp'). '• • Marjii, r. .\, an hindfome town cf Spain, in the lvind;dcini of N'avarre, and on | the road from M.irlrid 10 Fampeluna, feated neir t'le river Arra:;!)n. 1 Mas n at>, an id^nd of Afla, and one of j the Fliilippines, ahnod in the center of the ■ reft. It w,ii taken by t\e Spaniards in ; 1^69, and is 75 miles in circumference. The natives are tributary to the Spaniards. ; Lon. 119. 15. E. lat. 23. o. N. *Mascalate, a town of Arabia the! Happy, and capi'al of a province • 50 miles fiom the gulph of Balfora, and 125 E. of Labfa. Mascar KtGNr, or the IstE or Bour- bon, an iHand of Africa, to the E.of Ma- d'^gafcar, 250 miles N. of the Cape of Good Hope. Ic is almofl ova', and about 37 miles long, and 25 broad. Tlie French made a feitlement here in 1671, and is now the place where the (hips of the Ea(l India company flop to take in frefh water and provili')ns. The air is wholefome, the mountains full of game, and the rivers abound with ft{h. It has no noxious ani- mals, but hurricanes are very frequent and violent. There is not the leaft fign of any inhabitants having been here before the French. Lon. 54. 51;. E. lat. 20. 36. S. • Masqat E, a town of Afia, on the coaft of Happy Arabia, with a caftle feated on a tock. It is built at the bottom of a fmall bay, and was fortified by the Fortu* guefe about the year 1650, but from amif* behaviour of the governor, the Arabs took it from them, and put ail the garrifon to the fword, except 18 who turned Mahometans. It is very ftrong both by nature and art, though the builJings a^e very mean. The ca htdral built by the Portugusfe is now turned into a palace for the kin?. There are nouhcr trees, (lirubs, nor f^rafs to be feen on the fea-coall near if, and only a fewr date t' ees in a valley at the back of the town, though they have rill tilings in plenty. The we.ither is (o liot irom May to September, that no people are to be feen in the ftreefs from 10 in tiie looining till 4 in the af^teri on. The bazar« or mark'-t- places are covered with the leaves of date- trees,, laid on beams which reach from the houfe tops on one fide to thofe on the other. The roofs are all flat, and they lodge oo MAS them in the fummer-'ime. TKe hctft* ifiS cifle are ufed to eat roafleft fiOi, a< we't as the (heep ; notv^ithftandin-j v.hicri the btcf and mutton are bctii Kood, Th jr re!ii'ion is Mahomctanifm, and yet they will fufTef any one to go into il e:r n.^fquc-, contrary to the cuftom of the Tmk>. T- e menl varments aie a piircf hiecclits which rcactl to the and::;, and a Icofe vtll on •! t u racks, v Ith very laij;? flceve<, wl.icli is Ijient"; to tlieir hf'oies by .i faOi, anrl tluy have a larce turbm, caelefly wreathed jiHout ll.rir headf, with a d<>;ger liu'.k in thcif girdles. In cold wei'licr i! cy ufj a fort of a l.)ofe co.it, made of camtls-woui withcut Heeves. The women's d'efs is much the fiiiie, only th-; vefts ♦":* tiieir hii lies belter, Tiie produdl of the .ountry '\f hoifjs. larcij fine brimrtone, coffee, and ruinof-f, a root that dyes red. Lon. 57. 50. E. lat. 23. o. M, Ma con. Sea Macon. • Mas-d'Asii., a town of Frince, irt the county of Fi ix, felled .on tie rivulet Rife, 8 miles from Pamicis, and ic fiotn St. I.'zier, with a rich Benididline abbey. • M AS-pu-Sou I. ir, a town of France, in Rouerguf, and in tlie diocefe of Vabie?, and ele£)ii>nof Miliiaud. *MasGarnier, a town of France in Gafcony, a.id in Armagnac, near the river Garonne, with a rich Bi.nedi£line .nbbey. • Masham, a village in Yoikfliiie, .vith one fair on Scp'embcr 1 7 and 1 8, for hoi ned cattle, fheep, and pedlais ware. • Masox, a val'ey in the country of the Grifons, which gives name to the eighth community of the Grifon leattue. The prin- cipal town is of the fsme n ime. Massa, an ancent, populous, and hand- fome town cf Italy, and catJttal of a fmiiU tenitory of the fame name, with th^ title of a principality, and a Ar^ng caf^le. It is fa* mous for its quarries ot fine marble, and is feated on a plain 3 milts from the fea, and 55 W. by N. of Flortnce< Lon. 10. 10. £• lat. 44. I. N. • Mass/., a town of It.nly, in the king- dom of Naples, and in iheTciv.i-rli L4Voro, with a Mfh ip's fee ; fea'ed ne.«r the f?a in a place diilicult of accef-*, 5 miles S, W. of So* riento, and 17 S. W. of Na|les. Lon. 14. 2 J. E. lat. 40. 40. N. Massa, a town of Italy, in the Sien- nefe, and in Tufcany, with a bi(hop's fee } feated on a mountain nea.- the fca, 25 n»ile$ S. W. of Sienna. Lon. 10. o. Ei lat. 43. 5* rj. Massaciiuiet Colony, a fub diviflon of New- England in N. America, hounded I on the N. by Ne\v-Hamp(hire, on the E and S. by the fea, and on the Wi by Conned i- A a a a cut M AT eotind Mew Yoik, being about loo miles in lenf^th, and 40 in b eadili. It producct> plenty of Indiin corn, fl»x, andliemp j ihey have inanurai5>cries of leather, liicn, and woollen cloih, and plenty of bt:ef, poik, fowls, and h(h. Tlicy bave mines of cop- per and iron, and the chiet irarle is with the Cartbb^e iHandi, to whicit tley fend provi- fions, and have fugar and moLlTkS in return. The king appoints a governor, and the re preftntat.ves for the people tl e council of t'le upper houfe. This is tl e moft power- ful colony in N. America, and is well pro- vided with failors and foldies, whi:!) they can raife in cafe of necefli'y. With regard to religion they are Indep^nden's, bur of late there are many of the church of Eng land, they being not fo rigorous as fornreily. • Massafra, a ftrong lown of I aiy, in the kingdcTi of Naples, and in the Terra d*Otranto, with a bifhop's f^e j feared .it the f . ot of the Appennines, 20 miles S. of Naples. Lon. 17. to. E. lat. 40. 50. N. Massir a no, a town of Italy, in I'icd monr, and capital of a fmall territory of (he fame name, with the title of a principali'y. The prince of this diflridl holds it as a tief of the Cliurch. It is featcd on a mountain %a mjlts N. W. of Verceil, and 45 N. E. of Turin. Lon 8. 5. E. lat. 45. 32. N. • NTassinghan, a viil.igf: in Norfolk, with two fairs, on the Ti arfday before Barter, and November 8, for hoifes. • Mastico, or Capo Mastico, a •ape on the fouth fide of Scio, one of the iflands of the Archipelago. Mastricht. See Maisti icht. Masulapatak, a populous town of Afia in the Eall Indies, and on tlw coad of Coromandel, in the dominions of the Great Mogul. It carried on a great trade, and mnft natiorts in Europe had factories here, but the Enghdi have now left it, and even the Dutch tdemfclves have not above a do- .len people here to carry on the chintz trade The mitabitans are Gcntocs, who will not feed on rfny t''ing that hts life ; /tnJ they Jiad a famous manufacture of chintz, whic't is greatly de.ayed fmce the Eng'illi left ctf] f>uyint(. The Great Motul h.'ts a cuHonui houfe iiere } and the adj^cwit <;ountiie- abound in corn tobacco, and timbsr f-«r building, It is feated on the W. fi le of the Bay of Benpal, ioo mili^s N of Fo't St. George. Lon. 8 1. 1;. W. lat. 16. 30. N. Mataua, or M.-iNT". CA, a commodi- ous hay ill Ameiii.a, on the M, coa;t of the idand of Cuba. Hem the (;al!eon» urually come to tiikii in {fe(\\ wacrr in thtir reiurn to Spain. It is 'j; miles (rom the Havan- n»h. Lon, S5.6. W. lac. 25. 0, N. MAT Mat A corn A, a fort reft of Spain, fcited at the en(rat..c o2 the liaib ur of Cat^iz. * Matalona, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the i'erra di- Lavoro. with the title ot a prin.ipality } & miles N. W. 01 Capua, and 19 W. by S. of Benevento. Lrin. 14. 25. E. lat. 41. 2. N, Mataman, a country of Aiiica, bound- ed by ren. uiLt on tl>e N. by Monr-motopa on the E. by C^frana on the S. anrJ by the Atl.intic Ocean on the W. 'II ere is no town in it, and the in^ nbitants live in miferable huts, it beinv; a def.iit country, and but lit- tle vifi eel by the Eurc pears. * Mai an, or Mactan, an iHand of Afia in tl<« Eafl Indian fea, and ore of the Hhili|.pines. The inhabiants have ihrovAn od the yi.ks of Spain ; and it was t ere that Mai^ellan was killed in April 1521. Matapan, Cape, the moft fouthern prcmontoty of the Morea, between 'the gulph of Coian and ;!iat of Colo-china. * M A T A R .A M, a large town of Afia, for- merly tlie capital of an empire of that name, in the idand of Java. It is Aiong by fitua- tion, and is feated in a very fertile, plea- fant, and populous country, furroundtd with' mountains. Lon. iii. 15. E. lat. 7. 55. S. Mataro, a town of Spain inCatalonia« remarkable for its giafs works ; feated on the coaft cf the Meclierranean, 15 miles N. E. of Harcelona, and 35 S. W, of Cironnc. Lon. a. 35. E; lat. 41. 30. N. * Matcowitz, a ft^ong town of Upper liungary, in the county of Scepus, feated on a mountain. It was taken by the ImpQ* rialiAs in 1684. * Matklica, an ancient town of Italy, in the territory of the Church, and in the (Cfarche of Ancona, 15 miles S. of Jefi. * Matkllks, a town of France in Lower l.anguedoc, and in (he dioccfe of Mcnfpellier. Matrra, a confiderable town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the lerra d'Otranto. with a bifhop's fee, feated on t^e river Canapro, 27 miles S. W. of Rarri, and 3 5 N. W. of Tarento. Lon. 16. 43. B. lat. 40. ;i. N. *Maihry, a village of Pembrt^kefliire, in S. Wales, with one fiiir, on Oilobcr 10, for cattle, horfes, and pedlars waie. * Mattheo, St. a town of Spain, in thekinedcm of Arragon ; feated in a pteii* fant plain, ;** M A U fug Cape Palmns on the •o«ft of Guinva, which it 4tu milei dirtant. It was formerly planted oy the HortuKueze, but is now de fcrted. Lon. 6. o. W. lat. i. 40. N. * MATWMav, a Tva-poit town of Afia in YelTo, and capital of a piovince of the fame name, tribufaiy to Japan. The Ju- fuits made many converts here in 1610. Lon. 138. s;. E, lat 5c. 40. N. Maubcugi, a town of t!ie Netherlands tn Hainhault, witli anillufUious abbey otca- nonelTes, who mull be noble both by the fa- ther and mot'iti's lide. This place was ceded to France in 1678 ; and fortified afte- the manner of Vaub.in. It is feated on Itie rivtr Sambre, 11 niiiej S. of Mons, ami 40 h. W. of Bruli'eis. Lon- 5.0, £. lat. 50. 15. N. * Madbilli, a lart»erjverof N. Ame- rica in Louifiana, which has its fource in the mountai'is ah ut it, whi.;h border on the country of Illinois, and runs through a tradi of land 500 miles in lenttth. Maulion, a town of France in Gtfco- ny, and capital of the territory of Soule ; ao mties S. W. of Pau, and 40 S. of Dax. Lcn. o. 49. W. lat. 43. la. N. * Ma V LEON, a town of France in Poi- tou, and in the diocefe of Rochelie, with a famous Augufline abbey ; feated near the rivulet Oint, 52 miles N. E. of Rocl^elle, and 51 N. W. of Poiftiers. Lon. 0. 45. W. lat. 46. 5a. N. Maura, St. an idand of the Mediterra • rean, near (he coafl of Albania, 15 miles N. E. of (he in.ind of Cephalonia. Lun. ai. o. E. lat. 38. 43. N. * Maure, St. an ancient town of France in Tourain, and in the diocefe »f Tours, 17 miles from Tours, and 148 S. W. of Paris. Lo«. o. 41. E. laf. 47. 7. N. * Mauri AC, a tuwn of France in Up- per Auvergne, a place of fome trade, and the horfes are the befl in France. It is ftiated near the river Doidogne, 27 miles S. E. of Tulle. Lon. 2. 14. E. lat. 4;. 10. N. Maurice, an iflsnd of Africa, 500 miles E. of the illand of Madagafcar, about 37 mil^s in circumference, and has an excellent harbour. There are very hifjh ni3untains, covered with green trees all the year. The fea near the (hore abounds with fifh, and there are both fea and land tor toifes, extremely iaige. TLcre are aifo cows, fea calves, and one fort of fi(h fo laree that, as they fay, it is fufficient for a Ihip's company. There are birds of divers kinds, very finguhr, and fo tame thfsy may be taken by the hand. The bitts are as l.ir«;e as )0ung fowls, and have heads like monkeys. This iOand is not now inhabiied, MAY theuf,^ it was formerly in pofTtfTinn of tfM Duti h, w >oc4ll«d (here in (heir way to th* U. Indies. Lat. 18. 30. S. Mauriinnb, a valley of Savoy, abo(st 50 miles in length, and reaciiek as (ar as Mount Ccnis, which feparaes it liom l^cd- mnunr. Sr. jjhn is the capital town. Maur it " n I a, the ar.ci«nt namu of the ccnl\ of Daibary m Africa, * Ma WA K A Lr. AiiAR, a name c^iven ro (he country of thi. Ufbi\.k Tartars It is very populous, ani) <:omp:uh(ndsa ^rtat number of towni, of which Sarmacand is ihe ca|;i- tai. Mawes, .St. a town in Cornwall, vihofe market is difufei ; nor lias it any faiis. Ic fends two mtmbers to parli;iment, and is feaieci on tlie E. fide oJ Kalnjr.u;h haven, over OK.iinrt Falmouth, from vvhitli it is di- t\ant 3 miles, and 265 VV. by S, of London. Lon. 5. 26. W. lat. 50. 30. N, Max:;.iin, a town cf France in Pro- vence, and in ife diocefe of .^ix. Tl'erc is a Dominican convent here, in which they pretend is ihebody of St. Mary Magdaleiie, w!i:h brings them in ^-reac ritlies. Ic is fitved on the rivei- Argenis, 15 miles S. E. of Aix, and ao N. of Toulon, Lon. 6. 7. E. lat. 43. 30. N. May, a fmall in.'ind of Scotland, at the mouth of the Fritli of Forth, re.ir (lie coaft of Fife. 1 lie rocks about it render it almoft inaccelTible, Maybnce. SwcMentz. * May/ield, a village in Su/Tcx, with two faits; viz. on May 30, ahd Nov. 13, for cattle and pedla^ ware. Mayo, or the Isle of May, one of the Cape de Verd iflands, lying in the At- lantic ocean, near 300 milej frona Cape Verd in Africa, about 1 7 miles in circumfer- ence. The foil in general is very barren, and water fcarce; however they have plenty of beeves, goats, and affes ; as alfo fome corn, yams, potatoes, and plantains. What trees there are, arc on the fide of the hills, and they have fome flgs and water- melons. Tt e fea round about the ifland abounds with fifh. The chief commodity is fait, with which m^ny Engliih (hips are loaded in the fummer time, Pinofa is the principal to vn, and has two churches. The inhabitants are negroes, who fpeak the Portupuefc language, and are (tout, lufty» and flffhy. There are not above 200 in number, and many of them go naked. Lon< 21. 25. W. lat. 15. 5. N. Ma yo, a county of Ireland, in the pro- vince of Connaught. 62 milts in length, and 52 in breadth; bounded on (he E. and N. E, by Rofconamon i by Sligo on the W. by M E A tht fea on the N, and on the S. by Catway. It it • iertile country, anc^ abound* in cattle, deer, hawkj, and lioney. It containi ijcSsloufcl, 73paMe province of Duguela. It was for- tified by the Portu^uefe, and bcfirgsd by the king of Morocco with aoo,ooo men in )«6i, but to no purpofe. It it near thc fea, 8 miles fiom Azamor, and 100 N. of lHorocco. Lon. 7. 45. W. lat. 33. 5.N. Mazaba, an ancient town of Sicily, and capital of a confuferbble valley of tl e fame name, which is very fertile, and v\ateted with feveral rivers. The town is a bifhop'f fee, and has a good harbour ; is featcd on the fea- coaf), 15 miles S. W. of Tiapani, and 55 S. W. of Palermo. Lon. i:. 39. E. Jat, 37. 42, N. MAzERBs.a cnnHderable town of France, in the county of Foix. Lon. 1. 42. E. lat. 43. 15. N. MiAco, a large and celebiated town nf the ifland of Niphon in Japan, of which it was formerly the capital. It is the great ■lagazine of all the macufaflures in Japar, and the principal place for tiade. The in- habitants are faid to be 6co,ooo in number, befldes ftrangers who come thither to tritde. Loa. 133. 25 E. lat. 36. o. N. Mkadia, a town of Hungary, in the bannat of Temefwaer, featedon tlieN. fide of the Danube, 15 miles E. of Belgrade. It watdifmantledby the Turks in 1738. Lon. x>. o. E. lat. 4;. o. N. * Mbao, a fmall ifland of Afi.t, in the E. Indian fea, and one of the Moluccas, or fpice iflands, with a good harbour. Lcn. 127^ 5. E. lar. t. la. N. MiATH, East, a county rf Ireland, in th"e province of Leinfler, 36 miles in length, 'and 35 in brradth, bounded on the N. by Cavan and Lowth ; on the E. by the Irifh Channel ; on the S. by Kildaie and Dublin j »ndonthe,W. by Longford and Weft- M«ath It contains 14,277 houfes, 139 parifhe;:, 12 baronies, and 6 boroughs, and fends 14 members to parliament. Mr ATH, West, a county of Ireland, in the province of Leinfler ; bounded on the N. by Longford and Eaf).Meath ; on the £. by the Sea ; on the S. by King's County ; and on the W, by Rcfcommon. It it one of the mofl populous and fertile counties in Ireland j contains 9.271 houfes, 62 pariihei. M E C 12 baronies, 4 boroughs, and fendi 10 nlenT<^ bers to parliament. MtAvx, an ancient town of France, in Brie, with a bifhop't fee, feated in a place (•bounding in corn and cattle, on the river Marne, whish divides it into two parts, and itt trade confifit in corn, wool, and chcefe. It it 10 miles N W. of Colomier», and s; N. £. of Paris. Lon. a. 58. E, lat. 48. 58. N, Mr. CCA, an ancient and very famous town of Alia, in Arabia the Happy ; feated on a barren fpot, in a valley, furrcunded with little hi:is, about a dayt joorney from the Red-Sea. It is a pla>:e of no Arenu>tli, having neither walls nor gates, and the buildings ate very mean. That which fup- portsiiis thertfuitofa great many thouf^nd pilgrims annually, for the (hops ate fcarctly open all the )ear befides. The inhabitants are poor, vary thin, lean, and fwarthy. The hills about the town are very nume- rous, and all corfifl of a blackifh roi k, and fome of them are half a mile in circumfer- ence. On the top of one of them is a cave, here they pretend Mahomet ufuaMy retired lopeiform his devotions, and hither tl.e/ affiim the ereateft partof the Alcoran was brougiit him by the angel Gabriel. The town has plenty of water, and yet liitle garden-ftuif ; but there are feveral forts of gcod fruits to be had, fuch as grapes, me- lons, water-melons, and cucumbers. There arealfo plenty of fheep brought thither to be fold to the pilgrims. It Aands in a very hot climate, and ttie inhabitants ufually fleep on the tops of their houfes, for the fake of coolnefs. The temple of Mecca has 42 doors, and its foim refembles the Royal Ex- change in London, but is near ten times as large. It is open in the middle, and the ground covered with gravel, except in two or three places that lead to the Beat-Allah through certain doors, and thefe are paved with (hort Aones. Theie are cloiftej-t all round, and in th« fides are little rooms or cells for thofe that live a monadic life. The Beat-Allah flands in tl e middle of the temple, isa fquare flruAure, each fide about 20 paces long, and 34 feet high ; covered all over from top to bottom with a thick f»rt of Tilk, and the middle embroidered wi*h letters of gold, each letter being about t«vo feet in length, and two inches broad. The door is covered with filver plates, and there is a curtain before it thick with gold embroidery. This Beat is the principal objedl of the pil- grims devotion, and is open but two days in the fpace of fix weeks, namely, one day for the men, and the next for the women. Within there is only two wooden pillars isi deep of M E C tf\e NtidJIa to fupport the raof, with a bit of iron lanened iheieto, on which h»ng tjiree or four lilver lamps. The walU on the infide are mxible, and covered wit!) Ii!k, uulefs wt.rn the pilgrims enter. Ab.)Ui 12 pacei from tiie Beat is the fopulchre of Abra - liam, as they pretend, ani lue/ afiirn) i\,)t lie ercAed the Beat-Allih. The tomS is handfonie enough, and not unlike f ofe of people of lafhion in Eriglind. When tl.cy have performed ti.eir dcv.xions htrre, they repair to a gibel or li:!!, wliic!) however it tint large enough tu contain th<::n all at Qnce, tor there are no leu than ■jno'zo pil- grims every year. When certain cerrmo- MED many l>ri-lge4. The cathedral church •• « lup.tb lUuclu e, with a very hiijii lUrple, in whiLh are harmonious chimes. There ii H very l.»rge houfe, in which are brouj^hi up 800 or I COD young giils. It n a pl.icc of great trade, and they ^all a gr^at iHinv tan- nins and nio'tatii herv, .-is well as all font of armt. It ii vrry tamcnis (or i:i fine \.iccf and tl.cy b ew a fort of h:a, which ik fsnt- into t!.e t.eij;!ibouring provuucs. The tern- if.ry ot (his town ii 4 lord(1)ip, which com- pielieiiils two fioail t'irtricS, containing 9 towns of little ttitifcqu'. nee, an:! fume vjU li;]es. It fubiuiitcd to the duke t,f Mail- b.>ioUhh in 1706, and was ic(.-k>.n by the nies are over, they then ic ti^e the title 01" . Trench in 174''. It is o miles N. W. of hadgies or faints, and the next moining t S. through tlie kingdoms of Laos and Cambodia, and falls into the ocean in iat« 10. o. N. * Mkcr AN, a provinceof Perfia, on th« confines of Indollan. very little known, ' Medelim, a town of Spain, in Eftre- madura, feated in a fertile country, on the river Guadlana, so miles E. of Meridj|. Lon. 4. 53. W. lat. 38. 46. N. McDELPAPr^, a maritime province of Sweden, on .'■-. enlph of Bothnia, full of rriouniains and f. efts. Sundevald is the ca« pital town. MxDSMBLic , a town of the United Provinces, in W, Frlefland, feated on the Zuider Zee, with a good harbour. It has a hoiife belonging to the E. India company, and fends deputies to the fta'es of the pro- vince ; is 9 miles N. of Hoorn, and zt U, E. of Amftcrdam. Lon. 4. 53. E. lat. 5a. 47. N. MeoEwi, a famous medicinal fpring of Sweden, in E. Gothland, in a pleafant fitu* ation, 3 miles from Wadftena Mldia, formerly a kingdom of Afia, bounded on the E. by Hircania and Par- thia, on the S. by Proper Perfia and Sufi, ana ; on the W. by AfTyria and Armenia j and on the N. by the Cafpian-Sea. Ecba- tana, was the capital town, which fome MED take lA he T«iiriii, and nthert Ctfhin. It is' (a[)yo(ed to contain Shirvan, AHcrSi-i:zAn, and th« wcOrrn part of Irac Acemi, fro- vinces of Tcftj. • Mepin a-Tai HAH I, « famous town of Afta, in Arahn, between Ar«hia Dtfcfa and Arabia ilv.- Happy, ctlcbiatcd forbeirf» !>)« biryini; pl-«cc oi ^Till)omct. It i^ but a fm.iH, poor pliie, and yet is walleil round, and \ia» a la-ge mofquc, but nothing like the temple nt Mecca. In one corner is a place 14 p;teeii fqu.itp, with great windows, and brafs <:n (i>, and in tbe middle the tomb ol Mahomet, enclofed with curtains like a bed. Snme nflirm there arc 3000 Iflmp*" abou' it, but an eye-witncfs declares there is rot 100. The tomb is not cxpofed to any, except t'le eunuchs anpain'td to take e.irc of it, and to liijht the lamps. The iicity of its being fufpended in ihe air by a loariAone is now well known to be a fable. ProTiftons arc brought to this plice o\ir of Nubia, acrofs the Red-Sea, in odd fo't of *eToRKcs,a very anci- cn t( wn of Spain, in EHremadura, with an ciH I.- Mile, and ihe title of a duchy. It is ferjrrd an the confines of Anctaluiia, at the fpo' 1;!' 1 m;;untain, near Bajadoz. \f r n ' NA-nEi. Campo, a large, rich, and ancient t '■wn nf .Spain, in tiie kingdom of I.c n. The cre.it fquae is very fine, and ad oincd wiih a fuperb fountain. It is a trad- ing |>lar. , and enjoys gieat privileges, and is tcatcd in a counry ahoundi; g with corn a.i«i v/ine, 37 miles S E. of X.imora, and 75 N. W. ot Madiid, Lon. 4. ao. W. ht 41. zi. N. MeniNA-DtL-Rio-Sicco, an ancient and rich t»wn of Spnin, in the kingdom of Lton, with the title of a duchy ; feared on a plain, where there are fine pafturec, J5 miles N W. cf Valhdolid, and a^ S. E. of Lenn. Lon. 4. 33. F. lar. 4a. 8. N. Medima-S(doni/\, a very ancient town of SpAin> in AndaiuHa, with an old caflle, M E G 37 miles N. W. of CiSrsltar, and 15 E, of Cadiz. Lon. 5. 15. E. I.(t. iC. jj. N. Mr n t TEKR AM an St A, the name of the fe.! brtween Atia, Africa, and Europe, communicating with tlic Ocean by t)ie Strtighis of Oibial ar } and with ih« Bli>.le Sea by thcfe of t>if Daidanels. No f'efcrip- ti'n of it cm Ic (o cVar, as that g^mcd by viewing a map t!.eieof. Theie is no ti.ie in • t, or at leaft fo fniall, th.it it is fc.irctly l-'crcepriblf . Seme have puzzled themfelvet by endeavouring to find out the ciufe of its keeping to the fame level j but the evident reafon is Its evaporation by the fun, and th« naiticies carried oflf by the blowing of the winds. Me PN tier, a town of Poland, in the pr«- vincc of Sflmogiri.4, with a biniop*« fct { feated on the river Warwjtz, 40 miles E. of Memel. Lon. »3' a^.E. lat. 55-. 40. N. • Mepoi', a diflrirt of Fiin.e, in Eour- dtloiti, l>ing on the river C'.arr.nne, famous for Its o)(ier8. Ii has a lort of the fame name, • MznuA, a town of Af:ica, in the kingdom of Algiers, feared in a rich country abounding in corn, fruits, anH flocks cf rtieep. It is J7S miles S. W. of Algiets. Lon. 3. 37. E. latl 33. »5. N. Medwav, a river which rifcs in Afh- down Fo-eft, in .Sufrcx ; and running U. F. pafles by Penfliurrt, Tunbridgc, MaidAone, and Rochefter in Kent 5 beyond which it is divided into two brancl'es by the Ifle of Sheepy, snd ihtn falls into the mouth of the Thames. The eafltr branch, called the Swalf, runs to Miltn and Fevcrfliam, where t: I re are the fintft o>f)ers in thtfe p.irts. In the wefltrn branch, near Oa- tham, it is the Aation of the ro) al navy, where mort of the firA and fecond late nun rf war are I.1 d up. In 1665 the Dutch came up the Medway, and burnt the men of war, which cccafioned Shecrnefs to be built at its mouth, to defend the entrance. • MEPZtBoz, a town of Poland, in the fouth part of the palatinate cf Volhinia, feated on the north bank of the river fiog. •Meen, St. a town of France, in Bretagne, and in the dioctfe of St. Malo, with a rich BcnediAine abbey, • Megara, an ancient town of Greecp, formerly very large, but now jnconfiderablf, bcine; inhabited only by poor Greeks ; how« ever, there are feme fine remains of anti- quity. It is 22 miles W. of Setincs, or Athens. Lon. 23. C2. E. lat. 38. 10. N. • MrcBA, a Aron? town of Africa, in the kingdom of Fez, and in the province of Gret } 5 miles from I'ie fea, McGKK, a town of the Netherlands, in Dutch MEL Dutch Brabant ) feated on the river Maefe, • 5 miles S. W. ofNimesuem. Lon. 5. 30. E. lat. at. 5s. N. * MiotivAi, a town ot Tr«nnivania, capital of a county of the fame name, re- markable for it! g}od wines ; fetted on the river Kotel. Lon. 15. »o. E. lat. 46. 50 N. Mkgt 8Bi,a town of Tranfilvania, fub- jcA to the houTe of Auftiia, and 30 miles N. of Heimanflait. Lon. 14. ^5. E. lat. 47. 5.N. MiHAiON, a river of (he Auftrian Ne- therlands, whi:h fifes in the welt p«it of the province of Namur, and running E. falls into the Maefe, a little W. of Huy. * Mkhun tuR YivRK, an ancient town of France, in Berri, with the ruins of an old caftle ; feated in a fertile plain on the river Yvres, 10 miles from Bourses, and 105 S. of Paris. Lon. a. 17. E. lat. 47. 8., N. * Mehun-suk-Ldi* t, a town of France, in Orleannois. Lon. x. 4a. E. lat, 47. so. N. MttN. See Mains. MtissEN, a rich, populous, and confi derable town of Germany, in the elcAo- rate of Saxony, and in the margravate of Mifnia, with a caftle. It formerly belonged to a bifhop, but is now fecularizcd, and the inhabitants are Lutheran!!. In this place there is a wooden btidi^e over the Elbe; and tl'e famous manufadute of por- celiine is fettled here. It is feated on the river Elbe, 10 miles N. W. of Drefden, and S7S, E. ofLeipfick. Lon. 13. 33. E. lat. 51. 15. N. MaissiN, or MisNiA, a mar;;ravate of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, bounded on the N. by the duchy of Saxo- ny, on the E. by Lufatia, on the S. by Bo- hemia, and on the W, by Thuringia, being about 100 miles in lengt!-. an! So in breadth It is divided into five circles j viz, MeiflTen, Leipfick, Ertzgeburg, Voigtiand, and Lu- ftadt. It is a very fine country, producing corn, wine, metals, and all things that con- tribute to the pleafure of life. The in- habitants are polite, hofpitable, addiAed to arts and fciences, and fpeak the pureft languaee in Germany. The capital town is Drefden. MiLAzzo, an ancient town of Turky in Afia, and in Natolia, where there remain curious monuments of antiquity, with a biflijp's fee. It is feated on a bay of the Archipelago, 5; miles S ofSm.rna. Lon. 17. 55. E. lat. 37.13 N. McLCK, a fmall hut ancient town of OermaDjr, in Lower Auftria, with a ccle- MEL brated Benrdi^int abbey, featfdon a hi1t( and well furiificd { 47 miles W nt Vienna* Lon I {. 50. E. lat 48. t w N* Mil. COMB Rir:ii, a iu%vn of Dorfet* fliiie, with two maik«ii, un I'ucfdays and Fridays, but no taiis. It is fraied on an arm ol the fca, and jouud to We^m'.uth, they both being incoiporated into one body | and tliere is a handfume brirlge of limber, over which they pafs from one imu the other. Mclcomb is fr.iicd in a flat, and has. a maikct place, with Kord (Iri-cis, and yaids for their merchandizes In Wey- mouth the chapel Hands on a flecp rock, and there are 60 (Irps to gu up to it. The united towns have a church, and about 409 houfcs. They .lie governed by a mayor, feveral aldeimen, and a recorder) and each fends a membert to pailiament. The flrcetsaie bioad and paved; and they have an excellent harbour, hy wh'ch they carry on a pretty good foreign trade. It is 8 miles S. of Dorchener, and 13a W. S. W, of London. Lon. 1. 31. W. lat. 50. 40. N. * MtLD<'LA,a town of I'aly, in Roma< nia, belonging to its own prince ; 8 milea from Forii, and 8 fiom Ilavenna. Lon. IX. 10. E lat. 44. 10. N. Meldibt. a town of the AudrianNe* Iherlands, in Brabant, 8 miUa S. of Lou- vain. Lon. 4. 40. E. la*. ;o. 5;. N. Meloorp, an ancient and confiderable town of Germany, in the circle of Lo«Mt.r Saxony, and in the duchy of HollUin { feated near the river Milde, t s miles S. of Tonningen, and 45 W. of Hamburg* Lon. 9. 10. E, lat. 54. 18. N. McLGAKo, a town of Portugal, lyin( on the frontiers of Galicia, between the rt« ver Minho, and the high mountains, Meli APOR K, a town of Afia, in theF« Indies, and in the peninfula on this fide the Ganges, on the coafl of Caromandel, and kingdom of Carnate. Some call it S • Thomas ; hut the places are diftin^t ; it i» inhabited by Indians and Mahometans } whereas, in St. Thomas, there are many Chridians, which conlift of Armenians and PortugUefe; and here was an European bi- fhop's fee It was fubjeA to the Portujtuefe, but has been taken from them by the Moore an.iDutch. It is 3 miles S. of FortSt.George*, Lon 8a. 5;. E.. lat. 13. 10. N. * MtLFi, an ancient and confidftrahle town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naplcp, and in the Bafilicata, with an ancient ca- Ale feated on a rock, the title of a p^inripa. lity, and a bilhop's fee ; 10 miles N. E, of Conza, and 72 N.E. \,i StpUi, Lon^ 15. 50 E. lat. 41. X N. Ml 1. 10 A. an iilaod of Dilinatia, in t*^* B b b Gu'.pis M E L Gulph of Venice, and in ilia republic of Rjgiira, si^ mile» in Icogth. It aber drugs The country produces plenty of rice, fugar, cocoa nuts, and other tropical fruits. It ii> furrounded on all fldes with fine gardens, and has a good harbour, defended by a fort i but the en'rance it very dani^crous, on account of the gieat number of (hi'>alk and rocki hid under water. The inhabi- tantt confins of Chril^ians and nciroes, wh.ch la(\ have their own kint; ard rcli ^ion, and the number of both is faid to amount to aoo,ooo. Lon. 39. o. E. Ui. 3 o. S. * Mblitillo, a town of Italy, in the ifland of Sicily, and in the VaUdi-Noto, 8 miles W. of Leontini. Mxlito, a town of Italy, in the king dom of Naples, and in the Farther Cal.i- brU. with a bilhop't fee ; 40 miles N. W. of RciEgio, and i; S. W. ofCofenza. Lon. 36. 34. E-Ut. 39. 36 N. M B l l I, a (own of Germany, in the cir- cle of Weftphalia, and hifhoprick of Ofna- b>ug, 10 miles S. E.of Ofnabrug. Lon. 10. 15. E.lM- S»- «SN. M I L L > , a town of France, in Vprcr Poi- tou, with two prioriet, and a manufaflory of ferges. M I L l ( I , a lake of Sweden, 80 miles in length, and 30 in hreadth, having a com municaiion with the Baltivk Sea, Stock- ho'm (lands pn tlie N, fide of i', and it is furrounded by the piovinces of Upland, Su dermaoia, and Wellmania. • MrLMtAVE, a rich abbey of Fnince, in the rfiocefe of Nantz. • Mill I, a kingdom of Africa, in Ne- groJand, wtijch lies ?Ir>ng the barks of a ri- ver that runs into ti r Niger. It i), bounded upon (he N. by Chincii, on the 5. by m un MEL taint and dafarts, on the W. by farft woedt and forcHs rcichinic to the fta fhorc, and on the E. by Oago. There u a town of tha fame name, wl.ich cortaii k about 6000 fa- milies, an(< where (he kng rcfidct. Thi« country abounds with corn, Aelh, and cot> ton i and the religion of the country it a kind of Mahometanifm. T>)cy aie faid to be (he n\o(\ civiljacd nf all the negrots, and to beaddi£ted to ti.nde. Some affirm that (his kingdom is tributary to Tombut. * Mil 1. INC EN, a town of SuKifTerland, in the bailivick o lfaet the in)i, A>eep, and pro'Ki.n; ; anri it is the bcA place in the county, next to LeictAer. It it 18 milet S. by E. of Noitingliam, and 104 N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 50. W. lat. 51. 45. N. Mrt-vii, an barrtf.ime palace of Scot* \an. 33. N MiMiRiiLo, a town ofSpain, in Eftre- madura, 14 mtUi S. uf Akanta'-a. Lon. 6. o. W. Ut. 39. tt.U. MiMiL, a Itiong town and cjiftle in 1*01101 HrufTia, with a good harbour} fcated on (he Baltic Sea, 1 10 milet N. G. of Dant cick, andao) N. uf Warfaw. Lon. ai. 50 E. lar. 55. ^o. N. MiMMiNoiN.an handfomc and ftroRg town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, fcated in a ferlile picafant plain, ii milei h. E. of Ulm, and 35 S. W. of Auglburg. Lon. 10. so E. lat. 48 3.N MiMFN IS, anciently the capl'al town of Egypt, in Afric«, feaied on the river Nile. Cairo has been built out of it« ruini, on the caAern fide of the Nile. M«NAN, a large river of Afla, in the kingdom 0* Siam which runs thro' it from N. to S. paflei by the city of Siam, and falls into a bay of the Tea below Bancock. There are feveral Angular fifhea in it, be- fidet crocodiles, which are common in thefe parts. * Menancabo, a fown of Afia, in the E. Indies, and in the ifland of Sumatra. It U capital of a fmall kingdom of the fame name, and feated on the S. coaft, over- •gainft the Ifle of NTaflau, 15* miles from the Strait of Sunda. * Men AT, a town of Prance, in Au- vergne, and in the diocefe of Clermont, wi li a rich Benedictine abbey. * Menchinot, a village in Cornwall, with two fairs; viz. on June 11, and July tS, for hoifes, oxen, (heep, cloth, and a lew hops. Menchoo, a to^n of France, in Cham- pairne, 16 miles N.E. of Chalons. Lon. 4 ^o. E. Ur. 49. 5. N. * Mendf., an ancient town of France, and capital of the Gevaudan, with a bi- shop's fee. The fountains, and the (Ireples of the cathedral church, are remarkable It is very popuioui!, iria by ttie treaty of Utrecht ) but recovered by the French in 1744, who riemolKhed the fortifications. It was reAored tu the houfe nf Aullria by the treaty of Aix-la.dapelie, and is feated on the river l.y«, 10 miles N. of Lifir, and S 5. E. of Ypies. Lon. 3. 9. E. lat. 50. 49. N. • MrNTON, a town of Ital', in the prin- cipality of Monaco, with a caOle ) fsa ed near the fea, ^ miles from Monaco, and 8 from Ventimiglia. Lon. 7i 3S< E. lat. ^y 46. N. McNTZ, a confiderabletown of Cerma* ny, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, and capital of the dominions of the elcAor of Mentz, with an univcrnty, and an a( (he city the Jews have a place to them- felves, the gates of which are locked every night i and there is an alcayd to guard and to prote£l them a^ainil the common peo- ple, who otherwife would plunder their /ubrtance- It is death for them to curfe or !ilt up a hand a^ain<\ the meanefl Moor, infomuch that iheir boys kick them about at their pfeafurc. T^ey are obliged to wear bla^k cloa*hs and caps, and to pul! off their (hots w'lcrever they pafs by a mofque. Clofe to Mequincz, on the N. W. fide, ftmds a' large negro town, which takes op ai much ground 'as the city, but the houfes Are not fo high, nor fo well built The inhabitants are all blacks, or of a dark taw- ny colour ; and from thence the emperor reciuits the foldiers for.his court. The pa- lace flanJs on the S. fide, and is guarded by feveral hundreds of black eunuchs, who are cleanly drefTed, and their knives and fcymetars covered with wruLght (itver. The houfes are very good, but the ftieets exceeding narrow, and hardly any lo miles S. of Hall, and 5S W. by N. of Drcfdcn. Lon. IS. 17. £. lat. 51. t8. N. *MiBiHAM,i village in Kent, with one fair, on Friday in the Whitfun-week, for horreit, cattle, and pedlars ware. MtRsruKG, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and bi(hoprick of Con- fiance, feated on the N. fide of the iakt Ccnftance, and 8 miles from the town of that name. It it the ufual place of ie(i« dence of the bifhop. Lon. 9. to. £. lat. 47. 45. N. Mertola, a ftrong town of Portugal, in the province of Alentejo. It wa; taken from the Moors in i«39, and is feated near the by Spaniards and native Americaiu ; ii 30 ' tor of Saxony, and has a Lutheran biihop. toilet S. of the fea, and 1 30 N. E. of Cam- peachy. Lon. 88. 5. W. lat. ao. 10. N. * Mbkida, a town of S. Annerica, in the kingdom of New-Granada; feated in a country abounding with all kinds of fruits, ]oo miles N. E. ef Pampcluna. Lon. 78. a8. W.iat. 8. 30. N. MtaioNBTHiHiRE, a county of North- Wales, 47 miles in length, and 25 in breadth; bounded by Carnarvonlhire and DenbighOiire on the N. by Montgomery- fhire on the S. £. and by the IriOi Sea en the W. It contains 2590 houles, 17,100 inhabitants, 37 parifhet, 5 mat ket- towns, and fends but one member to parliamentp who is for the county. It is watered by fever^l rivers, the chief of which ate the Dee and the Douay. The air is fharp, on account of the high barren mountains, which are extremely fteep j however, this county feeds large flocks of Iheep, many goats, and large herds of cattle ; befides which, there is plenty of filh of feveral forts. McKK, a river of the Auftrian Nether- lands, which rifet in Brabant, and running N. by Breda, afterwards turns W and falls Into the fea, oppofite to the ifland of Over- Aackee in Holland. • MsKLou, or MctLo, a town of France, in Picardy, with a palace or caftle, and very fuperb flables. It belongs to the houfe of Luxemburg. Lon. a. 25. E. la. 49. 10. N. MsBMS, a coiTnty of Scotland, bounded by Mar, on the N. by the German Ocean on the £. by Angus on the S. and by Gowry on the W. It is fruitful in corn and paf- tures ; and the place of the chiefefl note is the fh-ong caftle of Dunoter. M ■ a o, a flrong town of Afia, in the pe- ninfula beyond the Ganges, and in the kingdom of Pegu; 180 miles W. of Pegu town. Lon. 94. o. E. lat. 17. o. N. * Merov, a town of Afia in Perfia, and in Korainn ; feated in a delightful fertile country, which produces fait, 112 miles S. W. of Bokara, and 170 N. £. of Nifhabour. Lon. 63. 25. E. lat. 37. 40. N. Mkrs, a county of Scotland; bounded on the N. by Lothian, on the£. by the Ger man Ocean, on the S, by Northumbtrlaod and Tiviotdale, and on the W. by Tweedale. It is very fruitful in corn and graft, and abounds with feats of perfons of quahty. The chief place it. the town and cafiie of Duns. Mbrsivrg, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and in Mifnia, With a bifliop's fee. It belongs to the dec river Guadiana, 60 miles S. of Evora, and 100 S £• of Li/bon. Lon. 7. 15. W. lat, 37. 30.N. * Mer u, a town of France, in Picardy, and in the dioccfe of Beauvaii, wiih a ca- ttle ; feated near the fource of a brook that falls into the river Oifip. Mbrue, the north branch of the river Maefe, on which the city of Rotterdam, in Holland, is feated. Merville, a town of French Flanders, feated on the river Lis, 10 miles from Caf- fel, and 24 S. W.of Menin. Lon. 3. 43. E. lat- 50. 38. N. * Mesa-oe.Asta, formerly a large town of Spain, in Andalufia, feated on the river Guadaleta, between Arcos and Xercs de la Frontera ; but is now only a large heap of luins. Here tite Arabs conquered Roderic, the laft king of the Goths, and by that vidory became maflcrs of Spain, in 713. Mesched, a confi^erable town of Afia, in Perfia, and in the province of KoraiTan ; fortified with feveral towers, and famous for the magnificent fepul<;|ire of Iman Rifa, of the family Ali, to which the Perfi^ns pay a great devotion. It is feated on a mountain near this town, in which are found fine Tuiky ftones, lao miles S. E. of the Cafpian Sea. Son. 591 25. E. lat. 37. o. N. Me 8 E E N , a Tea-port town of Ruflia, and capital of a province of the fame name, feat- ed on the E. coaft of the White Sea, 1 $q miles N. E.of Archangel. Lon. 45.25. E« lat. 66. o. N. Mesembria, a town of Tui ky in Eu- rope, feated on the Black Sea, between Stravico and Varna, with an archoilhop*s fee. * Mesktrk, an handfometownof Ger* many, in Suabia, and in the county of Fur» (lenbcrg, 15 miles N. of Uberliogcn. ♦ Mil. MET McvopoTAMiA, the indent nime of Biarbcck, a province of Turky in Afia, fuppofed to be called Padan Aram, in fcrip- ture. * Mksia, a town of Africa, in the Icing- dom of Moi -ceo, and in the province of Sua, compofed of three foriiri.;d towns, which lie in a triangle, at a fmall diftance from each o(h< r, and a temple built with lar(;e fi(h-bo.^ habitants. The harbour, whofe quay is above a mile in length, is one of the fafef\ in the Mediterranean, and in the form of a half-moon, it is 5 miles in circumfer- ence, and extremely deep. The entrance is difficult, on account of the gulph Cha- rybdis, which is near it } but there are al- ways good pilois, who conduct tiie (hips in without any danger. The viceroy of Si- cily refides here 6 months in the year ; and it it a place of great trade in (ilk, oil, fruit, corn, and excellent wine, efpecially (ince it has been declared a fiee port. It fub- mitted to the Spaniards in 17 19, but was re-taken by the emperor in 1710. In 1735 the Spaniards ftot poirefTion of it again, and gave leave to the Turks to have a conful here. It is feated on the fca-fide, uo miles E. of Palermo, 1 8 5 S. by E. of Rome, and 18K S. E. of Naples. Lon. 15. 55. E. lat. 38. 10 N. * tvicssTNGRAM, a village in Lincoln* fliire, with one fair, on Trinity'Monday, for merchandizing goods. M ■ t T a B , a town of Italy, in the dogado of Venice, 16 miles N. E. of Padua. Lon. a. 50. E lat. 45. 35. N, Mbtblin, an ifland of the Archipela- go, anciently called Lefbos, to the N. of Scio, and almoft at the entrance of the gulph of Gueftro. Tlie (oil of this ifland' is trery (ood, and the mountains are cool. M E U Mng cotered with wood in many p}gttM* The women of this ifland have always been noted fot their freedom ) and though they are not now fo bad as formerly, they Aill go with their brealls quite naked. Thit ifland produces good wheat, excellent oil* and the beft figs in the Archipelago ; nof have their wines loft any thing of their an<* cient reputation. It it fuhjeA to th« Turks, and Caftro is the capital town, where a cadi has the civil adminiftration, and an aga of the Jani(raries commands the foldiersj for it it under Turkifli govern* ment. Mbthwold, a town of Norfolk, with a market on Tuefdayt, and one fair, on April 15, for cattle and toys. It it 17 miles W. of Thetford, and 79 N. N. E. ol London. Lon. o. 39. E. lat. 5k. 36. N. Mbtling, a ftrong town and caftle of Germany, m the circle of Auftria and du- chy of Carniola, feated on the river Kulp, 55 miles S. E.of Laubach. Lon. 16. c* E» lat. 45. 58. N. * Metro, a river of Italy, in theteni* tory of the Chuich, that runs into the du- chy of Urbino, walhet FalTombrone, and falls into the gulph of Venice, near Fano. Met>, an ancient, large, and flrong town of France, and capital of the territory of MeflTm, with a citadel, a parliament, and a bifl)op*i fee, whofe bi(hop afTumes the title of a prince vf the empire. Tke cathedral church is one of the finefl in Eu- rope, and the fquare called Coflin, and the lioufe of the governor, are worth feeing. The Jews live in a part of the tovt-n by thcmfelves, where they have a fynagogue. The fweetmeatt they make here are in high efteem. It is feated at the confluence of the rivers Mofelle and Seilie, 25 miles N. W. of Nancy, 37 S. of Luxemburg, and 48 S. W. of Triers. Lon. 6. 16. E. lat. 49. ?• N. Mb V DON, a handfome palace of the king of France, feated on a hill which ftandt in a plain, on the banks of the river Seine, 5 milet S. W. of Paris, from whence there is a fine profpeft of the neighbourhood of Paris. * Mevl AK, an ancient town in the Ifle of France, built in the form of an amphi* theatre, on the river Seine, over which there are two handfome bridges, so miles N. W. of Paris. Lon. i. 57- £. lat. 49. I. N. Mkvbs, a town of Germany, inthecir- cleof Wefiphalia, feated on the river Rhine, I ; miles N. of Dufleldorp j fubjeA to Piuf- fia. Lon^ 6. ;. E. lat. 51. tt. N. Mxui. See Mabsk. • Mr WAR I, ^s'Tr" M E X ME X * MtwARt, a eonfiderable town of Ja.j in length, fupporied by arches, under which pan, in the ifland of Niphon, with a palace [ people may walk. The Spaniards do doc where the king fomedmes reftdes. It is j make a tenth part of the intMbiiants, th« feated on a hill, at the toot of which are jothernine being Neitroes, Mulattoes, native vaii fields of wheat and rice, and in which there are fine orchards, lull of excellent plums. • Mexat-Ali, a noted town of Afia, in Perfia, and in Irac-Arabi 5 famous for the fuperb and rich mofqueof Ali, to which the Perfians go in pilgrimage from all parts. However, it is not (o eonfiderable as it was formerly. It is 45 miles S. W. of Bagdad. |.on 44. 57. E. lat. 31. 40. N. ♦ MtXAT-OctM, a eonfiderable town of Afia, in Pcifia, which takes its name from a mofque dedicated to Ocem, the Ton of Ali. It is (cated in a fertile countiy, on the river Euphrates. Lon. 44. 5. E. lat. 3Z. so. N. Mexico, a town of N. America, capital of New Spain! }c was a flouriftiing place before the Spaniards entered the country, and feated on an ifland in a Talt-water lake, to which there was no entrance, but by three caufeways, above two miles in length each. It contained about 8c,ooo houfes, with feveral large temples, full of rich idols, and three palaces, where the emperor of Mexico refided. It was taken by Ferdi- nando Cortez in 1521, after a fie^e of three months. As the Mexicans defended them- felves from fireet to ftreer, it was almoft ruined, but afterwaids rebuilt by the Spa- niards. It now contains about 35,000 houfes, built of ftone and brick, to which they have added a fuburb of 3000 houfes, inhabited by the native Americans. It is a very handfome place, with large, clean, wide flreets, in which are a great number of magnificent flruAures, palaces, churches, and convents. It is the ufual refidence of the viceroy of New- Spain, and has a royal audience, a tribunal of the inquifition, a mint, an archbifliop's fee, an univerfity, ynd a printing houfe. It is a common fay- ing, that there are four beautiful things to be feen at MexiCo, namely, the women, the rich habits, the coaches and horfes, and the ftreets. The goldfmiths here are im- menfely rich, and it carries on a great trade to Europe by St. John de Ulva, and to Afia by Acapulco. This place was overflowed by an inundation in October 1 629, in which 40,000 perfons were drowned. This obliged the Spaniards to make a great conduit thro* • mountain, in order to empty the lake, which being done, part of the town be- came feated on dry land, without walls, or „Dny other defence. Mexico is fupplied with . .^ntMt W9te( by an aqueduA Qf three miles Americans, and a mixture of thrm all. It is zco miles E. N. £. of St. John de Ulva, on the N. Sea, and aoo N. hy E of Acapul< CO on the S. Sea. Lon. 101. 35. W. lat. ao« o. N. Mexico, a large country of N. Ameri- ca, otheiwife called New-bpain{ bounded on the N. by New- Mexico, on the E. by the gulph of Mexico, and the N. Sea, and on theS. and W. by S. America and the S. Sea, being above 1000 miles in length, and from 60 10 600 in breadth. It is divided into 23 provinces, the principal of which is that of Mexico, and contains many mines of gold, filver, iron, and ailum ; beiides In- dian-corn, cabbage-trees, chocolate, nuts, vanellis, plantains, pine-apples, cochineal, and feveral other fruits, gums, and drug* proper to the climate. Before the Spaniard* came here they had no animals, of any font exadlly like thofe in Europe ; they had a fort of dogs which did not bark, but howlei like wolves, and alfo tigers, bears, elks, or moofe-deer, pecaries, wanees, beavers, opof- fums, armadillos, guanoes, flying fquirrels, racoons, crocodiles, manattee*, monkeys, parrots, macaws, pelicans, cormorants, and great variety of o(her birds, fnakes, fcor- Aat, pions, and other infeds. it is goverened by a Spanifli viceroy, who is changed every five years, and all the people are papifts, or at leafl profefs to be fo, on account of the inquifition. The Spanifh clerj^y are verjr numerous, and there are a great number of mona(\cries and nunneries ; however, none of them are famous for the holinefs of their lives. They have not many fortified towns, and the bed of the fea-ports have been taken and plundered by a few buccaneer*. In general it is a mountainous country, in- termixed with many rich valiies } but the higheft mountains are near the coaft of the S. Sea, many of which are volcanoes. TIte eaftern (hore is a flat, level country, fuli of hogs and morafTes, overflowed in the rainy feafon, which is at the fame time a* our fummer. The hills between the moun- tains and the flat country are beft inhabit- ed, becaufe there the air is mofl temperate. The revenues of the crown are vaftly great, which arifc from the fifth part of the gold and filver, and from the duties and cuftomF, as well as the lands, held of tiip crown. Mixico, New, otherwife called. The New Kinkdom of Granada, a large country of N. America, difcovcrcd by the Spaniards \ in MIC" Id t^^t. It il bounded on tht W. hy the Vermeil Sea, on the S. by New-Spain, on the £. by Florida, and on the N. by an anknowii country. The air is very tem- perate, and the foil generally fertile. It is ini'.abited by a great number of people, whofe lan^ua»!ei and cuftoms are very dif- ferent ) fome wander about, and fome dwell in townii and villages. The principal of the Spanifh colonies are thofe of St. Barbe and Santa Fe, the capital town. • Mexico, the gulph fo called, is part of tie h» of Mexico, and lies between the S. cna(\ of Florida, and N. of the audience of Mexico, and the ifland of Cuba. • MEYtNFKLD, a handfome town in the country of the Grifons, in the league of the Ten Jurifdidlions, and chief place of the Fifth Community, li is feated on the Rhine, in a pleafanr, fertile country, efpecialty in excellent wine, 1 5 miles N. E. of Coire. Lon. 9. 40. £. lat. 49. 46. N. M ( z I E R c s , a town ot France, in Cham- pagne, with a citadel ; feated on the river Meufe, partly on a bill, and partly on a valley, 11 miles N. W. of Sedan, and 127 N. E. of Paris. Lon. 3. 48. E. lat 49. 46. N. • Mezo, a town of Afia, in Proper Natolia, which formerly was the fee oif a bi tal of the idend of Walcheren, and of all Zealand. The fquares and public build< ings are magnificent } and is a trading place, particularly for wines. It has a communication with the fea by a large ca« nal, which will bear the hrgeft veflels. It is 20 miles N. E. of Bruges, 30 N. W. of Ghent, and 72 S. W. of Amfterdam. Lon. 3. 43. E. lat. 51. 30. N. MiDOLBBORo, a town of the Nether- lands, in Flanders, which belongs to tl>e prince of Ifltnghien. Lon. a. zo. E, lat. 51. 12. N. Middlesex, an Englifli county, xomilet in length, and 14 in breadth; bounded on the K. by Hertfordfhire ; on the E. by Ef- fex ; on the S. by the river Thames, which fepararev it from Surry ; and ori the W. by Buckinghamfhire. It is one of the leaft counties in England, but much the richef^, and pays more taxes to the government than any ten befides. It contains i i,oeo houfes, I26pariflie8, befides London, and 4 market-towns. It fends 8 members t* parliamentt 4 for London, a for Weflmin* fter, and t for the county. The air in ge« neral is healthy, and t' e foil ferile, which can hardly be oiherwife, confidering that they never want dung to manure the land. See London. MiDDLEWfCH, a town ofCheO)ire,with a market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on July 25, and Holy-Thurfday, for cattle. It is fo called becaufe it ftands between Nant> wich and Northwich ; is feated on the ri- ver Croke, and is a large place, but chiefly noted for its falt-pits, and making fine fait. It is 18 iDiles E. of Chefter, and 1 56 N. W. of London. Lon. 1. 30. W. lat* S3- '3- N. MiDHvasT, a town o( Suftcx, with a I ^ ' mark«c M I L Kiarket on Thurfdsyi, and three fain, on May X5, Whit-Tuefday, and OAober 18. for horned cattle and horfes. Ic is featcd on a fmill river, which aimed furrounds it, and it a pretty large place, fending two members to parliament. It is 1 1 miles N. by E. of Chichefter, and 5* W. by S. of London. Lon. o. 50. W. lat. ji.o N. MiDLAM a town in the N. Riding of York(hire, with a market on Maniays, and a fair on November 6 and 7, for fheep. Ir is feated on the river Youre, not far from BiOtopfdate -chafe, and is i* miles $. of Richmond, and a $5 N. N. W. of London. Lon. I. ]5. W. lat. 54. 15. N. Mid Lo t h I a n, the fame as the (hire of EdinbuigiT, a county of Scotland, which lies betNween E. and W. Lothian. * MiECHAu, or MiKzAVA, a hand' fome town of Poland, in Cujavia, feated on the river Viftula, 10 miles from Thorn. Lon. 19 30. E. lat. 5a. 50. N. * MiiL, St. a confiderable town of France, in the duchy of Bar, and capital of a diOrift, between the rivera Mofelle and Maefe, with a BenediCtine abbey j feated on the river Maefe, so miles N. E. of Bar, and 16; E. of Pariti Lon. 5. 51. £. lat. 48 38. N. * Miss, or Mysa, a town of Bohemia, on the frontiers of the Upper Palatinate. Lon. 13. zo. E. lat- 49. 46. N. * Miguel, St. a town of S. Ameri- ca, in Peru, and in the government of Quito. It is the ArA colony the Spaniards lent into this country, and is feated at the mouth of the river Catamayo, »Z5 miles Wof Qiiito. Lon. 90. 35. W. lat. 5. o. S. * Miguel, St. one of the wcdern iflands, about 50 miles in length. . It con- tains a great deal of land fit for tilling, but is much fubje£t to earthquakes. Punta del Gado is the capital town. Lon. 22. 45. W. lat. 38. 10. N. * Miguel, St, a town of N. Ameri- ca, in New Spain, and in the province of Guatimala, feated on a fmall river, 130 miles from Guatimala. Lon. S7. 45. W. lat. 13. o.N. Milxn, a city of Italy, and capital of a duchy of the fame name. It is feated in a d-Jlightful plain, between the rivers Adda and Tefin, and from one to the other there are two canals cut, which render it a trad- ing place. It is about ten miles in circum- ference, and called by the Italians Milan the Great. The chief inhabitants are rich, and defcended from the moft ancient houfes. It is a gaod place to live in, on account of the vaft quantities of proviflons brought from all parts, and becaufe there is mere freedom MIL in their manner than clfewhore^ There art a great number of fine houfes, and fuperb palaces, but that of the governor is the moft magnificent. All the fortifications confift in high walls, which is the leafon of its hav- ing been taken fo often ; for it has been be- flexed 40 times, and taken i». There it a citadel in the middle of the city to keep i( in awe, and a large fquare before it, wherv great numbers of ihe better fort go to walk. The principal gate is defended by two tow- ers, built with large ftones, and after hav- ing crofled a large ditch it another thick, high wall, flanked with feveral towers. Be- hind it it a covered gallery, fupported by brick pillart, on which are aoo pieces of cannon. Near this it the palace of the an- cient dukct of Milan, which it a brick building, and in the great hall are feveial fortt of arms, very ancient and valuable, fufficient to arm 10 or ia,ooo men. Milan hat ^5,000 inhabitantt, t% gatet, a 30 churchet, 96 parifliet, 90 religious houfec, 100 fraternitiet, izo fchools, and 10 bof- piuls, which maintain 9000 poor or ficlc people, at the public expence, and thers are often 4000 in the grand bofpital. Th« cathedral church is the fineft ftruAure, be- ing 500 feet long, aoo broad, and 400 high. Though it is not fo large as St. Pe- ter's at Rome, it far furpalTea it in the num- ber and excellence of its fculptures, and th« beauty of its ornaments. It is cafed both within and without with white marble* The roof, which is vaftly high, is fupported by 160 columns of white marble, fo large, that three men can fcarce fathom one of them. There are 600 ftatuet, each of which coft above 1000 crowns, and the crofs which adorns the great altar coft abov« yoo,oPo crowns. This church, which may be looked upon as the eighth wonder of th« world, is dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and to St. Theklay. The college of St. Am- brofe has 16 profeflbra, who lead leAorct every day, and a fine library belongs there- to, which, befidet a prodigioui number of manufcripts, contains 45,000 printed booki. Its fuperb gallery is adorned with rich paint- ings, which deferv^ to be taken notice of by travellers. The moft eonfiderable eoQi* merce of the inhabitants it in wine, corn, checfe, faufages, hard-ware, filk, and cot- ton -ftuffs, all forts of artificial flowers, pa- per, pens, filverffflith't work, and mor« particularly in cloths, and lace of gold an4 filver. Notwithftanding the largenefs of the place, it is governed only by a prefideat and I a fenators. It it the fee of an arch- hifhop, and it 35 milrt N. W. of Caflel, 70 N. of Genoa, 7a N, B. of Turin, 145 N. Ccc W. I I M I L W. of Florence, and 170 N. W. of Rome. Lon. 9. I. E.' lit 35. S5 N. ' • Milan, the duchy of, • corflder- •Sle country or Italy, buunded on the N. by the Swifs and Orifons ; on tlie E. by the republic of Venice, and by tho ducliie* of Parma and Man>ua ; on the S. by the du ehy of Parma and the territory of Genoa ; und ontheW. by Piedmont anri Mcniferrar; being 150 miles in length, and 78 in breadth. The foil is every where fenilein eorn, wine, fruitu, tire, and olives \ there are alfo plenty of cattle. -The rivers at, the Secchia, the Tefin, the Adda, and the ' Oglio. There are likewife feveral lakes, the three principal of which are, the Lago Maggiore, which is about ;o miles in length, and 5 in breadth j i:t hat its fource in SwifTerland, and is very advantageous tp tr«de : Lago di Como has it? fource in the country of the Grifons, and is about 35 milea in length, and ; in breadth ; it abounds in very good fifh, particularly excellent trouts : that of Lugano is not above 10 miles in length, and empties itfelf into the river Trefa, which falls into the Lago Maggiore. They have cur, with much labour and charge, feveral canals, that the trade of Milan might be'carried on more readily, and to bring provifiens thi- ther. The two principal are, the Grand Canal, or 11 Naviglio-Grande,which reaches to the river Tefin j and the Small Ca- nal, or li-Naviglio Minore, which joins the Adda* The Milanefe had dukes of their •wn, whofe houfe is cxttn^l above two centuries ago. The French and Spaniards have had bloody wars about this duchy, but the houfe of AuTnia has got pofleflion •fit. In 1741 the French and Spaniards laid claim to it again, or, more p.-operly, the French fupported tbe pretenfions of the Spaniards ; but the duke of Savoy, foil oited by Great Britain, prevented their gaining their ends, and the queen of Hun- gary, out of gratitude, gave part of this duchy to the duke, in 1743. There are as many provinces or diftri£ts as there are large towns, and formerly they counted 17 ; but the Swifs having got 4 bailiwicks, they are now reduced to 13 provinces, which the queen of Hungary and the duke of Sa- voy po/Tefs between them. The names of them are, the Proper Milanefe, the Pavefe, the Lodifano, the Cremonefe, the Comafco, the county of Anghiera, the Vallefe, the Sefia, the Novarefe, the Vigavanefe, or the county ofVigevano, the Alexandrino, or AlefTandrino, the Lomilino, theTorto- nenfo, and the territory of Bohhio. M1LA210, a handfomeand ftrong town M I L of Sicily, in the Val di-Demona, with a harbour. It is divJHed into the upper and lower town. The upper is very ftrong, and the lower has a fine fquarr, with a fuperb fountain It is feated on a rock, on the weAern banks of a bay of ihe fame name* 17 miles W. of Medina, and ^o N. W. of Patta. Lon. 1^. 35. E. lat. 38. 3a. N. Mil B OR K Fort, a town in Somerfet- (hire, wliich has no market, but two fairs* on June 1^, and O£)obcr a8, for a few cat- tle and toys. It is feated on a branch of the river Parret, on the confines of Dorfet. fhire, and fends two members to parlia- ment J is 32 miles W. by S. of Salifbury, and 115 W. by S. ol London. Lon. a. 28. W. lat. 51. 5. N. * MilSourn, a village in Dorfetfhire, with one fair, on D«cember 30, for bul- locks, horfes, and ch'eefe. MiLDRNHAtt, a town in Suffolk, with a market on Fridays, and one'air, on Oc- tober 10, for woo(4. It is. feated on a branch of the river Oufe, and is a large, po- pulous place, having di(\in£t nreets, called rows, as big as fome little towns. It ftanda in a bleak place, and has a handfome church, with a hi^h fteeple ; 16 miles N. by E. from Newmaiket, and 68 N. N. E. of London. Lon. o. 36. E. lat. 51; 15. N. MiiXTo, an ancient town of Italy, in the Farther Calabria, with a blfhop's fee ; 5 miles from the mouih of Metramno, and the city of Nico'era. MilfokdHavrn, a large, fafe, and commodious haibourof S Wales, lying on a bay of the Irifh Sea, capable of containing above 1000 fail of (hips at one time, with- out any danger of running foul of each other. It has 1 3 roads, 1 6 creeks, and 5 bays, each of which have their particular names ; it is now fortifying by order of the goveinment. * M I L I A N e, a large and ancient town of Africa, in the kingdom of Tremefen, with a caftle that commands it ; feated in a country fertile in oranges, citrons, and other fruits, the bcft in all Barbary. Lon. a. 35. E. lat. 35. 45. N. * Milksham, a village in Wiltfhire, with one fair, on July 16, for horned cat- tle, (licep, and horfes. * Mii.law, or MiLAVD, a town of France, in Guienne, and capital of the Up- per Marche of Rouergue. It was difnian- tled in 1629; and is feated on the river Tarn, 60 miles N. W. of Montpeflier, and 141 S. of Paris. Lon. r.ii.E lat. 44.10.N. M1L0, an idand of the Archipelago, about 50 miles in circumference, with one of the. be(\ and farged harbours in the Medirerra- 4 ■ itean^ .M I N and oean, and which fervet as a retreat for all vefTcU ihat go to, or come from the Levant. It produces exceJIent fruits, delicate wine, and abounds in very good cattle, efpecially in goats, and has mines of iron and fulphur. In the fpring the fields are enamelled with anemonies of all forts. The inliabitanta, who are all Greeks, except the cadi, ar« good failors ; but they are much addicted to pleafures and debaucheries. The women paint their faces ve'y remarkably, and are of a ioofe difpofition Salt is fo cheap here, that it may almof\ he had for nothing. This iHand is remarkable for piumous alum, which is found in large lunips and com- pofed of thieads as fine as the fofteft filk, (ilvered over, and niinin;; very prettily ; it has the fame taQe as rouk alum. There is a waiwode, who is a Greek, and three con* fuis, who can depofe the cadi, when he fails in his duty. Here are likewife two bifhops ; one of the Gteek, and the other of the Latin church. There is a town of the fame name, in the eaflern part of the ifland, ' which is a very dirty place, and contains about 5000 inhabitants. It is 60 miles N. fli Candia. Lon. 25. 8 £. fat. 56. 43. N. MiLTENBERG, a town of Germany, io the circle of F.'*nconia, and eleAoraie of Mentzi fcated on the river Main, iSnules S. of Afchaffenberg. Lon. 9. 5. £. lat. 49. 46, N. * MiLTHORP, a village in Weftmore- land, with one fair, on May 12, for horned cattle, horfes, and (heep. Milton, a town in Dorfetlhire, with a market on Tuefdays, but no fairs. It is an ancient place, and eminent for its abbey, now in ruins. It is 14 miles N. E. of Dor- ehefter, and 1 1 7 W. by S. of London. Lon. a. 18. W. lat 50. 50. N. MtLToN, a town of Kent, with a mar- ket on Saturday}, and one fair, on July 24, for toys i feated on a creek of the Medway near the iHe orSheppy,and is of great nore for its excellent oyfters. It is 14 miles N. of Maidilone, and 40 E. of London. It is governed by a c onOable, has one church, and about izo houfes ; row but paved. Lon. o • MiLTKRTON, a town in Somerfet- fhire, 13 mile& E. of Dulverton, with three fairs} vi2. on luefday in EaAer-Week, July 95, and Oflober to, for cattle, MiKcio, a river of Italy, rifing in the Lago de la Garda, which runs fouth Thro* the duchy of Mantua, and fall* into the Po at Borgo Forte. Mindanao, a larg^e iiland of AHa, in theE. Indies, and one of. tire Piiillipines ; li^o miles in length, atid 120 in breadth. the Areets are nar 50. E. lat. 5i.a5.N. ......MIN „, It ii a very mountaiDous country, ifUll •t hills and valleys, and the mould is generally deep, black, and fruitful. The fides of tha hills and valleys are ftoay, and yet thera are tali trees of kinds not known in Eu* rope : fume of the mountains yield very good gold, and the valleys are watered with variety of rivulets. The libby-irect produce the fago, which ibe poor people eat,' inftead of bread, three or four nponths in the year. It produces all forts of fruits pro- per to the climate, belides plenty of rice t fome at the county of Ravenfberg, and •along each Me of the river Wefer. It is •bout az miles fquare, and Minden and Pe- terlb^gen are 'he piincipal placet. It was formerly a biflijprtck, but it now feculari- xed, and was ceded to the eleQor of Bran- denburg by (he treaty of Weftpdalia. MiMDOR A, an ifland of Afia, in the E. Indiet. and one of the Philippines, 50 miles in circumference, and feparated from Luconia by a narrow channel. It is full (ff mounraint, which abound in palm trees, and all font of fruits. The inhabitantt are idolaters, and pay tribute to the Spaniards, CO whom thia ifland belongs. MiNEHBAD, a fea-port town in Somer- IbtAiire, with a market on Wedn^fdayi, and one fair, on Whit Wednefday, for pedlart ware ; feated un th- fea (hore, and bat a very good harbour for fliipt of large burthen. It can iea en fome trade to Ireland, and fendt two members to parliament} is 71 miles N N. E. of Exeier, and 167 W. by S. of London. Lon. 3. 40. W. lat. ^t. 18. K. * MiNORBLa, afamouitownof Afia in the E. IndifS, and in the kingdom of Vifa- pour, «o miles N. by E. of Goa. It it called by fome Vmgrela, and is famoas for the cardamoms which grow itear it. The Dutch have a aftory here ; and there it a road where (hips come to anehor near this place. Lon y%. 5 E. lat. 16. le. N. Mi^NGRELiA, a province of Afia, which inakP4 part of Georttia ; bounded on the W. by the Black Caucafus and Sea ; on t'^c E. by Mount Immeretta ; on the S by a pirt of Georgia j and on the K. by Crr- caffia. it it a countrjr covCTed ^itb treea, M I N and has fearce any ground flt for tillage* The ralni are very frequent, and the air very unwbolcfome for flrangert. Theie ar« plenty of vines that run up thetree«, wbofe trunks are extremely thick, and t^^e tiapet make excellent wine. There are good paf- tures, which feed a great number of horfet. The Mingreliani are well made, efpecialljr the women 5 they are great thieve-, haughty, peifidious, ciuel, drunkards, and Ihamtf- left. They make no fcruple of marrying their niecet and fidert in-law. If a hufbsnd catches his wife with a gallant, they m.ike the matter up for a pig, w»>ich they cat all three together. They think it a charity to make away with new born children, when the parents cannct maintain them. Their^ common bufinefs is hunting ; and they think' thcmfelvet* rich if they ha>ea horfe, a good dog, and a falcon. Their religion has fonre relaion to that of tbe Greeks, but is mixed with variety of fupetftitions. They have neither towns nor viUaites ; but a prince who is tributary to the Perfians. They fell boys, girls., and young women to the Turks, and will (leal them fiomeach other for that purpofe. MiNHO, a river of Spain, which hat i(t fource in Galicia, near Caftro del Rey. It runs S. W. and pafles by Luirtugal, and fallt into the Atlantic fea at Caminha. Mini A TO, St. an epifcopal town of Italy in Tufcany, and in the Florentine ; feated on the river Arno, ao miles S. W. of Florence. Lon. 10. 55. E. lat. 43. 4*. N. * MiNORBiNO, a townof Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Terra di Barri, with a bifltop't fee. though a fmall place, so milet N. W. of Cireoza. Lon. 16. 10. E. lat. 41. 8 N. Minorca, a confiderable ifland of the Mediterranean Sea, lying 50 milet to the N. E. of the ifland of Majorca, being the leaft of the Balearet. It is about 30 miles in length, and la in breadth, and chiefly valu- able for its excellent harbour. It it a moun- tainous country, wi'h fome fruitful valleys, where there are excellent mules. Ci'adella is the capital, befldes which there are Port- Mahon, Laor^and Merradal. It was taken by the Enelilh in 1708, and confirmed to them by the treaty of Utrecht. The French took it in 1756, after two months fiege of S-. Philip^s cafVie, butit waa leftoredtothe Englifli by t'^e peace of 1 763. * MiNom. a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Hither Prin> cipato, with a bi(hop*8 fee. It it feated on thtfulpb of Salerno, between the town of r that MIR tbt name, and AmalA. • MiKiiMoiN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Subia and duc^y of Wir* tcmberg, with a handfome caille. Lon. 9. 35. B. lat. 48. «a. N. MiKiKi. a town of Poland in Lithua- nit, and capital of a palatinata of the fame name, with two citaddi, one of which it feated in a morafs, and tiie other commands the town. It is 17 miles 8. E. of Wilna. Lon. 17. 57. E lat. 59. ■ji. N. • Minsk t, the palatinate of, a territory of Poland in Lihuania. It lies between the duchies of Novogrodetk, Wilna, Witepflc, Mfcidaw. and the tenitory oi Rohaflzowj is pre ty fertile, and there are forefts contain- ing vaft numbers of bees, whofe honey makes part of the riches of the country. There are many Jews, who have the fame rig'irs as the native inhabianis, who are employed in trade and the pradice of phy- tic. The capital town is af the fame name. •MioLANS, a fortrefs of France, in the dachy of Savoy and valley of Bdrcelonetu j feated on a craggy rock, 6 miles N. E. of Montmelian. Lon. 16. o. E. lat. 45. 35 N. Mf^exLBTS, I name given to the Spa- niards who inhabit the Pyrenean moun tains on the frontiers of Catalonia and Ar- ragon, and live by robbing. * Mk^uIlon, a fmall defert ifland to the S. W. of Cape May in Newfoundland, ceded to the French by the peace of 1763, for drying and curing their fifh. Lon. 54. 30. W. lat. 47. SI N. MiRANOA-os-£Bao, ■ town of Spain, in Old Caftile, with a ftrong caOle j feated in a country that produce* excellent wine, on both fides of the river Ebro, which runs through it under an handfome bridge. It is 35 miles S. of Bilboa, and 160 N. of Ma- drid. Lon. 3. 10. W. lat. 42. 51. K. * MiRAMDK, a town of France, in Gafcony, and capital of the county of Afta- rac } feated on a mountain near the river Baefe, 15 miles- S. W. of Auch, and 3s* 8. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 911. E. lat. 4a. 3 J.N. *MlRAKD0-Dt-D0VR0, orDoEio, a ftrong town of Portugal, and capital of the province Tra-los-Montes, with a bi- fhop*8 fee. It is well fortified, and feated on a rock near the confluence of the rivers Douro and Frefna, 37 miles N. W. of Sala- manca, and to8 N. by E. of Lifbon. Lon. 5.40. W. lat. 41. 30. N. MiRAHDOLA, a town of Italy, and ca- pital of a duchy of the fame name, which lies between the duchies of Mantua and Modena. It is • pretty large placei and MIS well fortiAcd, and has alfo a flrong cludel and a forr } has been feveral times taken and retaken j and iail by the kin^ of Sardi. nia io 174a. It is 17 miles N. E. of Mo- dena, SI S. E. of Mantua, 15 W. of Fer. rara, and 85 E. of Milan. Lon. 11. 5. E, lat. 44. 52. N. * MiRBBBAV, a town of Fiance, i|i . Poitou, and capital of a fmall diUridt, 175 miles S W. of Paris. Lon. o. 15. E. lat. 46. 47. ft. MiRKcovRT, a confiderable ttwn of France, in Lorrain, and capital rf the bai- liwick of Vorge, famout for 1 s violins, and fine laces. Ii is fiaied on t^e liver Maidon, 17 miles S. of Nanci, and 30 S, E. ol Toul. Lon. 5 17. E. lat. 48. 15. N. * MiRBMONT, a town of France, in P cigord, near the river Vizere, abru: tj miles E. of Bergerac. Near it is a reou'k- abie cave, or cavern, called Clufcau, vci/ famous in this country. MiRBfoix, a town of France, in Upper LangueHoc, with a hifhop's fee, anri title of « marquifate ; feated on the rivei Gers, 15 miles N. E. of Foix, and 40 S. E ' of Tou- loufe. Lon. i. 57. E. ht. 43 7. N. Miseno, a cape of Italy, near Naples, in the Terra-di-Lavcro, between Puzzolo and Cuma. On it are the ruins of the anci- ent Mifenum, which was a bifhop*s fee. * MisiTRA, a very ancient and cele- brated town of Greece, capital of the Mo- rea, with a Greek archbifhop*s fee, and % caftle which pafTes for impregnable. It it divided into four parts, the caflle, the town* and two large fuburbs. The church isons of the finefl in the world, ard the Turks have turned it into a fupetb mofque, near which is a magnificent hofpital. There are a great number of Chriflians, and fo many Jews, that they have three fynagogues. It was taken by the Venetians in 1687; but the Turks retook it. It is feated on the ri- ver Vafilipotatno, 100 miles S. W. of Se- tines, and gt S. by E. of Lepanto. Lon. ss. 45. E. lat. 37. 10. N. MlSNJA. SteMEISSIN. * MissiLiMAKiNAC, aniflhmas of N. America, in Louifiana, about 300 miles in length, and 50 in breadth, where the French had a fettlement. It is a mile from the lake Illinois. Lon. 95. 35. W. lat. 45. 35. N. Mi$sisirpi,a large river of N. Ame- rica, whofe - fource is unknown : it paflei S. through Louifiana, a delightful country inhabited by favages, and runs above sooo miles, till it falls into the gulph of Florida. The French lay claim to fome part of the country it runs through, but all to the eaft- ward , V, MOD ward of the river wai ceded by the peace of 176} to Gicst Biitain. The fuppored lich- nefs of tliefe parti gave rife to the Ficnch bubble in 17191 which ruined as many fa miiick a» that of the South Sea did in Eng land in 1710. * Misiovai.a large river of N. Ameri ca, and the moA rapid yet known { it fallti into the Mifllfippi, and the favagea who in- habit its banks, are called MilTourites by the French. MiTTAu, a ftrong town of Poland, in the duchy of Courland j taken by the Swedes in 1701, and by the RufTians in 1706 i and had a flrong caflle, which was the reftdence of the duke oC Courland. It i» feated on the river Bolderau, 45 mites E. of Goldingcn, and 240 N. of Warfaw. |.on. 14. so. £. lat. 56. 40. N. MoAB. See Mouab. Mocha, orMoxH a, a confideiabls town of Afu in Arabia- Felix ; furrounded with walls, confining of half Aone and half earth j but no ditch, and ftveial tov^^'fs, with guns mounted on fome of them. Tiicy are inhabited by foldiers, who patrole in the night, and in the day keep on the har- bour and near the bazar to prevent diforders. The women, except a fmall number of the common fort, never appear in the ftreets in the day-time ; but vifit each other in the •vening. When they meet any men in the way, they fland clofe up againft the wall to let them pafs. Their habit is much like that of other women of the Eaft, and over alt they wear a large veil of painted callico, fo thin that (hey can fee through them with- out being feen. They have alfo little bufkina of Morocco leather : fome of the women of quality are very handfome, and not browner than theSpanifh women. They are much addi^ed to gallantry when they have an opportunity ; but it is very danger- ous for the Europeans to be concerned with them. This town carries on a great trade, cfpecialty in coffee ; and the number of in- habitants are reckoned at 10,000, without comprehending the poor Arnrienians, or the Jews which inhabit the fuburbs. It is feated in a fandy country, and there are feveral palm-trees round about it, which are watered from wells dug for that pur- pofe. The fands are fo hot, and the re- flexion of them from the fun is fo great, that it impairs the fight of foreigners who MOD April 13, for horned cattle, cloth, and flioci. It u feated in a bottom between two hills, and is a pretty good place, whofe market is well fupplicd with cattle and proviflons. It confiAs of abuut 100 houfes badly built i hut the f\reets aic broad and paved. It ia j6 miles S. W. of Exeter, and 103 W. by S. of London. MouiNA, an ancient town of Italy, and capital of tie Modtrncfe, with a ftrong ci- tadel, and a biihop's fee. It is feated be- tweeo the rivers Secchia an-) Panaro, and is a large handfome place, and pret:y well fortified. There are ftveral piazzas, and a great number of fountains, but the f\retts are very nariow. '1 he cathedral, feveial of the chuichex, and fome of the monaf\e- ries, are hAndf. me flcudlures ; and the du- cal palace, though not quite finifhcd, is richly fumifhed, and contains fine paint- ings. The citadel is very confrderable, aiMl very regular, but has been taken feveral timts, particularly by the king of Sardinia in 1741. I'he number of inhabitants are faid to be 40,000 } and t)ienia, >f Na- It, 36. M O H , * MontiR, a lownof FoUnd, in Liiliu- Mnia capital of a diAriA of the (»mt name ; (bated on the river Przpcic. in a (ciiile and well cultivated couniiy. Lon. 19, 10. E. lat. * MoOADOR, anifland andcaftleof Afri ca, in the kingdom of Morocco, near Cape Ozem. There arc minei of gold and filver in one of the mountaint. Lon. 9. 35. W. lat 31. 35. N. • Mogul, GatAT, the dominions of, a lar^e empire of Afia, bounded on the N. by the mountain! of lmau», which fepa- rate it from Gieat Tariary } on the E. by the river Aracan ; on the S. by the gulph of nengal, the pt-ninfula of Malabar, and Coromandel } and on the W. by Peifia and Candahar. This i» commonly called Indo- flan J befides which he hai feveral king- domi and tcrritoiles in tlie above mentioned peninfula. Tamerlane waa the founder of it ; but of all hii conquefts there remains nothing to the family but Indoflan, which is, at leal>, i5«o miles in length, and im- menfcly'rich, as likewife fertilv in all foits •f corns, filks, and cottons ; and all kinds of merchandize, which come from the £■ Indies, are to be met witii here. The Great M»gui is an abfolute monarch, enjoying a vaft revenue, and kee|>ing on foot an army of 400,000 men, with 500 elephants, mag- nificently harneHed. When a Mahometan fubje^l dies, all his effeas belong to him. The emperor himfelf is a Mahometan ; and there are a great number of governors un- der him, fome of which have the title of Nabob. The particular provinces will be mentioned in their proper places. The ori- (;inal people who made lhcconq^eA were a fort of viagrant Tartars, living to the north of indoftan. MoHATz, a town of Lower Hungary, in the county of Baraniwar, famous for two battles fought near it in 1516 and 1687. It is feated at the confluence of the rivers Da- nube and Corafle, 17 miles N. W*. of Ef- feck, and fubjeA to the houfe of Auftria. Lon. 18. 33. E. lat. 45. 50. N. Mohawk Country, belongs to one of the fi'e nations of the Iroquois, in alliance with the Englifh. It lies in N. America, between the Lake of Ontario and New- York. MoHiLA, or Mo EL I A, One of the Co- mora iflands, in the Tea between the N. end of the ifland of Madagafcar, and the conti- nent of Alrica. The inland parts are moun- tainous and woody, and there are villages fcattered he;f and there, whofe houTes are made of reeds and ftraw. The people are blacks^ with great heads, large lips, flat M O L nofet, (harp chins, and (\rong limbi. They go quite n«ked, except only a few leaves to hide their nudities. Their (kins are cut and pricked, fo as to make ftvera) Agurcs on on all parts of their bodiee. Some of the inhabitants are Mahomttani, who have a few wretched mofques, built with wood and ftraw without, and matted and neat within. It produces plenty of proviflont and animals, fuch at bufFaloet, goati, tor- loifes, or turtles, hens, large battt, came- lions, rice, peaCe, honey, cocoa-nuu, plan- tains, orapgei, lemons, citrons, pine-ap- ples, cucumbers, tamarinds, and fugar-canee. There are feveral fine Arcams, and the grafa and trets are green all the year ; fo that, in (hoit, it it a kind ofparadife. The cattln heie are called buffaloes, becaufe they bav^ a great bunch on their (houlders } but In ctlicr refpe£is they are not like thofe of the E. Indies { they have a great number of biids, whofe names are not known in Eu- rope. Lon. 43. 30. E. lat. 11. 15.S. Monitor, a large and Arong town of Poland, in Lithuania, and in the palatinate of Mfcidaw. It is populous, ftrong, well built, and has a contidcrable trade. Near thii place the Swedes obtained a viAory over the Ru(rians in 1707. It is feated on the river Nieper, 35 miles S. of Orfa, and 5a. S. W. of Mfcidaw. Lon. 31. 45. E. lat. 50. 28. N. * Mo iss AC, an ancient town of France, in Querci, with a fecular abbey ; agreeably feated on the river Tarn, near the Garonne. Lon. 1. 17. £. lat. 44. 8. N. Mo LA, an ancient town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Terra-di-La- voro. They pretend to (hew here the ruine of Cicero's houfe. It is feated on the gulph of Venice, 7 miles E. of fiarri. Lon. 17* 50. £. lat. 41. 5. N. * Mold, a town of Flintihire, in N. Wales, 5 miles S. of Flint, with five fairs { on Feb. ij, March 11, May la, Aug. i, and Nov. 31, for cattle. Moldavia, a province of Turky in ISa* rope, bounded on the N. by the river NieAer, which feparates it from Pudolia ; on the S« by the Danube, which divides it from Bul- garia ; on the W. by Black RufTia, TranAI- vania, and Walachia } and on the E. by Beffarabia, being 270 miles in length, and 210 in breadth. The principal rivers are the Pruth, the Molda, and the Bardalach. The foil is rich, and it abounds in good paf- tures, which feed a great number of horfes, oxen, and (heep ; it alfo produces corn« pjlfe, honey, wax, many European fruits, with plenty of game, fifli, and fovils. The inlabitanto ai« Chrifiisr.^ of the Greek ,■ church. M O L churcti, and JaflTy U tht prtnclpat tAwn. The Turki obliga the prince, who U ap puin «H by litem, to p»y a heavy tribute, and to raife a la'ge body of troops, at hii own cxpence, in time of war. * MoLPAW, a river of Turky in Eu- rope, whtcli liai it! fou'ce in Tranfllvania, and tunning on ihe ccnflne* of Proper Wa- lachia and Moldavia, falli into the Seret at Targorod. Moi. niviA IiLANDf, are a clafter of fmall iflcs S. W. of tlie ifliind of Ceylon in tlie E. Indiei. They lie from lar. 7. 10. N. to t. o. S. and are all low, fandy, and barren, beaiing only a few cocoa- nuti. The iicci are not To hi^h nor fo thick ai thofe on the continent, but their fruit it •tore pleafant i with thefc treci they build vcflTels of the burthen of 30 torn, and from them they have all (heir rif(ginK> Thty alfo make oil with the fruit for their kitchen* and lamps. Tl>e fcas about thcfe iflands produce abundance of (ilh ; but their chief trade is in couries, a fmall nicll-ftih, whofe Ihells ferve inlUad of money. The religion •f the inhabitants is Haganifm and Maho- metanifm, and the king refldes in an ifland that lies in lat. of 4 deg. N, The number of thefe iflands are fo many, and fo near each other, that they never could yet be ex a£)ly numbered. The inhabitants are very poor, and generally go naked ) nor indeed it is fcarce polTlble ihey (hould be other wife, they not having money or commodities to pui chafe cloaths. MoLB, a river In Sorry, which runs un- derground from.Boxhill, near Dorking, till it comei near Leatherhead, where it appears ■gain. * MotriTTA, a (own of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Terra-di- Barri, with a biihop's fee, and the title of a duchy. It is feated on the gulph of Ve- nice, 10 miles N. W. of Barri, and 8 E. of Trani. Lon. 16. 50. E. lat. 41. 18. N. Molina, a ftrong town of Spain, in Kew-Caftile, feated on the river Gailo, in a territory abounding in paftui-es, 35 miles S. E. of Siguenza, and S8 N. E. of Madrid. Iton. t. 40. W. lat. 50. 58. N. * MoList, a territory of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, lying between theTerra- di-Lavoro, Hither Abruzzo, the Capitina- tji, and the Farther Principato. It is in the form of a triangle, whofe fldes are 39 mile* in length ; is a mountainous coun- try, but fertile in corn, wine, faffron, and fllk. The capital town is of the fame name. MoLise, a town of Italy, in the king dom ef Naples^ and capital of a territory of MOM the fame name. It is ihtn of p«eplt, and SO miles N.E. of Naplet. Lon. 15. i$,t, lat. 41. 40. N Mo L I K N , a (Ireng town of Germany, in Lower Saxony, and in the duchy of Lawan- burg. It belongs to the city of Lubcck, and is fcatrd on the river Stckincfs, i< miles N. of Lawenburg. Lon. 10. }o. B, lat. 54 o. N. * MoLOMc, an abbey of Prance, in Champagne, and in the diocefe of Langres. It is of the BencdiAine oritar, and is rce« koned very rich. * MoLSHtiiM, a town of France, in At* face, feated on the river Bruch, 8 miles from Stiafburg. There is an handfome char> treufe, which, with the Jefuits hcufe, take* up a good part of the town. It is t4t miles E. of Paris. Lon. 7. 35. E, lat. 48. 3x. N. Molucca Islanpi, lie in the E. Indian fea ur'^T the Line, of witich there are Ave p'incipal, namely, Ternate, Tydor, Ma- chian, Motyr, and Bachian. 'I'l e largely •f them are hardly 30 miles in circumTcr* encr. ' They produce neither corn, rice, nor cxttle, except goats { but they have oianges, lemons, and other fruits ) and are moft remarkable forfpices, efpecially cloves. They have large fnalies, which are not ve- nomous, and very dangerous land croco« dilcs. At prefent they have three kings ) and the Dutch, who are very ftrong there, keep out all other European nations, beihg jealous of their fpice trade. The religon is idolatry, but there are many Mahometans. They were difcovered by the Portuguefe in 1511, who fettled upon the coaft ( but the Dutch drove them away, and are now ma> fters of all thefe iflands. MoLwiTz,a town of Silefia, in the pro- vince of Grotflca, remarkable for a bartio which the prulHans gained over the Auftri- ans in April 1741. It is 40 miles S. of Breflaw. Lon. 16. 45. E. lat. 50. a 6, N. Mombasa, or Monbaia, a town of Africa, in an ifland of the fame name, with a calUe and a fort ; feated on the eaftern coaft, oppofite to the country of Mombaza in Zanguebar, 70 miles S. of Melinda, and fubje£t to Portugal. Lon. 48. o. £. lat. 44. o. N. Mombaza, a country of Africa, in Zan- guebar, fub]e^ to the Portuguefe, from whence they export flaves, gold, ivory, rice, flefli, and other provifiont, with which they fupply the fettlements in Brazil. The king of this country being a Chriftian, had a quarrel witti the Portuguefe gover- nor, took the cadle by aflault, turned Ma- hometan, and murdered all the Chriftiant \ nee. M O N fn i6if { bu> in 1719 they became maflers of (hii teriitoiy »^»\n. MoNA, ao id'in.l of Denmark, in the Bilcick bei, iVntcd to tlie S. W of ih« ide of Z»alanH, from whence ii it fep^raicd by a n4ifow chitnncl. Lun. i». 30. iL. iat. 55. »o. N. Monaco, a fmill, but hnn6(ome and Aroni; '0 mi of ltil>, in the territory of Ge noa, <«ith a c lA'e, a citadel, an«4 a ^ood baih.'ur It ii very llripi; by nature, h^ng fc.iiC'1 0.1 .1 cra>^gy to:k, ^n ' Has its own pr.nce linger the prjtei'hon of i rjncc, who keep -i <^ir fin I. tic, fo tliat t icy ni^y be faid t be miters of it. The rock Aittt'iti out into itie Tea, and is 8 miles S. W. of Ventimii^li 1, and 8 N. E. c,f Nice. Lon> 7. 33. E. Iat. ^3. 4ii N. MoNAfMiAN, a county of Irelmd, in the province ot Uiftfi, 31 miles in lengt*', and Sx in bieadiii ; bounded on t'le N. by Ty- rone ; on the E by \rmagh} on the S. hy Cavan and Louth j and un the W. by Fei- mar a h. It is lull i^f w.'odi and bo^s, and a third part oi ic is taken up by Louith Earne. It cmtaint 9587 houiVs, t4parifhe(, 5 ba- ronies, and one boroujti, and fenda 4 mem- bers to parliament. * MoNASTKR, an incient town of Afri- ca, in the kingdom of Tunis, pleafantly feated near the fea, 70 miles S. E. of Tunia. J of Paris. M O N Lon. 0. 1. E. Iat 46. 50. N. * MoNcoRNii, a town of France, In Laonnois, ftatcd on a mountain, on the hanks of iht river Serre, a 5 mites N. of Rheims, with a manutaAura of ferges. Mo.vnano, a river of Portugal, whicli has its fourca near Guarda, and, crotHng the province of Bcira, paires by Coimbra, and f.^ii>oNNrno, a town of Spain, in Ga* licia. With a bifhop's fee ) feated in a fer- tile country, upon a fmall river, 6> miiea B. of Lomiiofitlla. Lon. 7. 8. W. Iat. 4t, 30. N. * MoNDOi7BLKAu, a town of France, in Main?, and in the eleAion of Chateau- du-Loir, with (!,. title of a barony, and a caOle. MoNDOvi, a confiderable town of Italy, in Piedmon-, with a liradel, an univprfity, and a bifliop's fee. Ii is the largefl .ind r.iort populous town in Piedmont, and is featei on a mountain near tfie river Elcro, 8 miles N. W. of Cevc, and ja S. E. of Tuiin. Lon. 8. .5. E. Iat. 44. »3. N. MoNBBMucr, a kingdom of Africa, in Lower Ethiopia } bounded on die S. b/ M .nomotapa | on the N. by Abyflinia ; and on tiie E. by Z.inguebar. We know little of this country, except that it produce* gold, filvcr, copper, and elephans teeth, which t:>e inhabitants bring to Monbaza and Qnilola, to trade with. * MoNFOiTA, a town of Portuf;aI, im the province of Beira, 13 miles N by E. of Portalegre. Lon. 7. 38. W. Iat. 39. 30. N, MoNroart, a town of Portugal, in the province of Alentejo, ^3 miles S. W, of° Portalegre. Lon. 7. 35. W. Iat. 38. 47. N, * Mono HAM, a village in Kent, with one fair, on October 29, for cattle and ped- lars ware. MoNjuicB, or MoNTjoY, a caftle of Spain, in Catalonia, a mile W. of Barue- lona, and was taken by the Englifh in 1705, * MoNovLs, or MuNCALs, a people who inhabit a country to the N. of China. They are of the fame original as thofe who accompanied Tamerlane in the conquefl oC India, Perfia, and other countries, and called in mofl hiAories Moguls. The coun- try is very little known, except that part o£ it which the caravans pafs through in travel- ling from Mufcovy to China. They are ge«^ neraliy of a middle fize, but ftrongly madCa with large faces, flat nofes, and their eyea black and large. Their complexion is taw>e Papifts do, but (hey know nothing of Ctirift. * MoNHEiM, 3 town of Germany, in Bjvaria, lo miles from Wcfiemberg, and S from Donawert. Lon. :o 47. E. ]at. 48. SJ.N. MoNiiCBDAM,atown of theUnitta Pro- vinces, in N. Holland, feated on the Zviy- c'er Zee, 8 mihs N. E. of Amfterdam, and fends a deputy to the ftates. Lon. 4. 50. E. lat. 5?. 29. N. * MoNKTON, a village in Kent, with two fairs, on July az, forhogf, and on Os- tober II, for toys. MpNtuzoN, a town of France, in Ly» onnois, and in the duchy of Bourbon, 45 miles S. of Bourges, and 150 S, of Paris. Lon. t, 41. E. lat. 46. 21, N. * MoNMORHioN, a town of France, in Poitou, feated on i.'^e river Carttmpe, over which there is a handfome bridge. It is SI miles from Poitiers. Lon. o. 55. £. lat. 46. 18. N. Monmouth, the county-town of Mon- mouthfliiie, with a maiket on Saturdays, and 3 fairs, on Whir-TuefHay and Septem- ber 4, for horned cattle, and on November a 2, for horned cattle, fat hogs, and cheefe. It is pleafantly feated at the confluence of the rivers Wye and Munow, which almoO furround it, and over each of which there is a bridge. It was formerly furrounded With a wall and a ditch, and in the midft of the town is a caftle, in ruins. At prefent it contains two parifh churches, and that called Monk's church is a very curious ftuAure, It fends only ore member to pailiament, and is 2$ miles W. of Cloucefter, and 117 W by N. of London. Lon. 2. 30. W. lat. M O N ' .; : • Monmouthshire, an Englifh county, 33 miles in length, and 12 in breadth, bounded on the N. E. by Hereforrifhirc ; on the S. E. by the river .Severn, which fepa- rates it from Glouceftetfhire and Somerfet- ftiire } and on the W. by the fhires of Breck- nock and GUmorgan. It contains 6490 houftd, 38,840 inhabitants, 127 paiilhes, and 7 market lov«ns. Jt fends only 3 mem- bers to parliament, one for Monmouth, and two for the county. Trie principal rivers are, the R'mney, the Ebwith, the U(k, and ihegieat river Wye. The air is healthy and temperate, and the foil fruitful, efpecially in (he valleys, and the hills feed cattle, flieep,.and goats. Monmouth is the principal town. MoNOMOTAPA, a kingdom of Africa, bounded on the N. by Monoemugi, and on the other fides by unknown coun'ues. It is watered by feveral rivers, of which Zam- bera is the chief. The air is temperate, and the foil fertile in rice and fugar-cane<:, which laft grow without cultivation. There are a great many oftriches and elephants, with feveral mines of gold and filver. The houfes are built of wood, and covered with plafter^ but ihey have very few towns, of which Monomotapa is the chief. The inhabitants are negroes, who have as many wives or women as they can get. Their religion is Faganifm ; however, they believe in one God that crcjted the world. The army of the king confifts only of foot, for (hey have no horfes in the country. The Portuguefe had a fettlement here in 1560, but they were all murdered, or forced away, fooo after. It lies on the fea-fliore, in the fouth- ern part of Africa, between 15 and 23 de- grees of S. lat. MoNopoLi, an epifcppal town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples and Terra-di- Barri ; feated on the giilph of Venice, zz miles S. £. of Barri, and 8 E. of Polignano, Lon. 17. 27. E. lat. 41. 10, N. MoN's, an ancient, large, handfome, rich, and very ftrongcity of tl^e Auftrian Nether- land?, in Hainaiilt. There is a chapter, confining of 30 ladies of diHinin ion, who have the liberty of leavine; the community when they intend to marry. They have feveral manufactures, and a v,oo6 trade. It was taken by the allies in 1709, and by the French in July 1746, but rendered back by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, after the fortifications were de.oolin^ed. It ftands partly on a hill and partly on a plain, in 4 marfhy foil, on the rivets Haine and Trou- ilie, by which the country about it may be overflowed when they picafe. It is 17 miles Ni £. of Touinay, and 37 W. of Na« mur« M O N tnon Lon. 3. 59. £. Ut. 50. 25. K. [ Monsanto, a frontier town of Spain, | in Edremadura, ftron{;ly fortified. It was invefied by the confederates in 170^), who, on that occafion gained a cnnfideiable vic- tory over the Spaniards. Lon. 7. 30. W. lat. 39. 50. N. MoNSAKAZ, a town of Portugal, in the province of Aleniejo, 25 miles b. W. of Elvas. Lon. 8. o. W. lat. 38. 30. N. • Monster berg, or Munster rer^, a town of Lower Siicfia, in a protin>:e of the fame name, zo miles N E. of Gtatz, and 27 S. of Bftflaw, Lon. 17. £!.£• lat. 50. ^8. N. MoNsriER. See Mouth r. • MoN TASouR, a fmall, fortified town of Germany, in the deflorate of Treves, between Cobl;:ntz and Limpurg. Lon. 7. 50. C. lat. 50. 20 N. , • Mjntacute, a village in Somerfet- fliire, with one fair, on April 25, for lea- tlier. • Montagniac, » confiderable town of Afia, in Natolia, and in the province of B<:c-Sangil, on the fea of Marmora, it car- ries on a great trade, efpecially in fiuits, and is feated on a bay of the fame name, 12 miles from Butfa, and 60 S. of ConAan- tinople. Lon. 28.55. ^* *^^' 4°- '^- ^* • Mont-Alb AN, a ftrong town of Spain, in the kingdom of Arragon, with a Arong ci adel j feated on the river Rio-mar- tin, 50 miles S. of Saragoira, and 92 N. by W. of Valencia. Lon. o. 40. W. lat. 40. • MoNTAi.cTNO,armal],popuLou3town of Italy, in .Tufcany, and in the territory of Sienna, with a bifliop's fee. It is feated on a mount.-iin, 17 miles S. E. of Sienna, and 45 S. E. of Florence. Lon. 11. 37. £. lat. 43. 7. N. Mont- At TO, anepifcopal town of Ita- ly, in the Marca of Ancona ; feated on the river Monacio, 10 miles N. E. of Afcoli, and 45 S. of Ancona. Lon. 13. 43. E. lat. 42. 55. N. MoNT.ARCis, a confic!erab1e town of France, in the Orleanois, and capital of the Gaunois ; feated on the. river Loir, near a handfome foreA, 15 niilcj S. of Ne- mours, .ind 6a S. of Paris. Lon. 2. 50. E. lat. 4S. 0. N. MoNTAUBAN, a confiderablc town of France, in Guienne, and territory of Qaer- ey, with .a bifliop's fee, and an academy. The fortifijations were demolifhed in 1629, becaufe it took the part of the Huguenots. It is feated on tlic river Tarne, 27 miles N. of Touleufe, and 34 S. of Cahyrs. Lon. i 30, S. lat. 44. 2. N, M O N * MoNTBAioN. a town of France, in. Touraine, with the title of a duthy ; agree* ably feated at the foot of a hill, on which there is an ancient caflle, 135 milt* S, W. of Palis. Lon. o. 47. t. lat. 47. 17 N. MoNTReLLiARD,a handfomeanH ilrong town of France, capital of a piovi .cl ut' the fame name, between A dc..* and tlie Fianche Comie. It ii feate.i at t!ie toot uf a rock, on which there is a lat^e, (Long culWe, in the form ot a citadel. Thj prince of Montbelliard has a vjicj and it.it m 'lLuti. 7, 5. E. lat. 47. 3S. N. MoN jBLANc, a town cf Spsin, in the prov.i.cc of Cat.^ioiiia, 15 miks N. of Tar- ragon. Lon. I. 5. E. lat. 41. 10. N. • MoNTRRisoN, a c.infi^eiable tcwn of Fiance, and capi al of Fortz, feated on the river Viziza, 37 miles W. of Vienre, and 250 S. by E. of Paris. Lon. 3, 7. £. lat 45. 32, N. • Mont-Cass iNO, a mountain of Ita» ly, in tha kingdom of Nap'f.s, on tfie tof» of whicii'ls a cekbated abb.;y of the order of St. Benedict. Lon. i':. 50. £. lat. <]i. 35. N. * Mont D.'\uPHiN,a tojwn of Franre, in Dauphiny, 8 miles Irvim Emoiun, fea ed on a cragc;y mountain, almnfl furroiirxted by the river Durance. Lon. 6. 45, £. lat. 44. 40. N. MoNT-DiDiER, an ancient town of France, in Picardy, where the kin^s of France lormerly haH a palace, and kept their couit. It is feated en a mountain, 17 miles from Amiens and Compeigne, and 5S N. of Paris. Lon. 3. 44. W. lat. 49. ^9 N. •Monticcmjo, a coniiderable town of Italy, in the ducSy of Rcggio, 10 mile* S. E. of Pa-ma, and S N. W. of Reggio. Lon. 10. 27. E lat.44. 44. N. Monte-Falco, a to.vn oflraly, in the territory of the church and du..liy ci Spj- letto; feated on a mountain near the river Chtunno, 12 miles VV. of Spoletto. Lon, 12. 40. E. lar. 42. 58. N. Mcnts-Falcone, a town of Italy, in Friuli, with a ciftle. It bel n^s to tli:- Ve- netia/is, and is near the river f'otizano, 10 miies N. W. of Aquileia, and 12 K. W. of Tiieite. f^on. 13. 40. £. lit. 45. 58. N. MoNTE-Fi AscoNt. a fmall but prpu- lous town of Iraly, in the territory of tlie Church, with a b'.lhoo's fee ; feated on a mountain, near the lake Bolfcna, in a coun- D id i trf M O N fry abounding with excellent vrint, i« miles S« W. of Orvieto, «nd 45 N. W. of Rome. Lon. II. $. E. Ut. 43. 35. N. * MontiliMar, a town bf France, in the duchy of Valentinois, with an ancieni Citadel. It is a populous trading place, and fcated in a fertile plain, 95 miles S. of Va- knee, and 315 S. by E. of Paris. Lon. 4. 50. £. lat. 44. 34. N. * Montc-Marano, a populous town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Further Principato ; feated on the river Calcr;, 14 miles S. of Benevento. Lon. 15. 7. E. lat. 40. 53. N. *■ MoNTi-MOn-o-Novo, of Monte- ma jOR-EL-Novo, a confiderabie town of Portugal, on the road from Lifbon to Ra- dajoz. Len. 7. 5. Pvlciano, a town of Italy, in Tufcany, wi^h a bifhop's fee; feated on a high mountain, near the river Ghiana, in a country noted for excellent wine, 35 miles S. E. of Sienna, and 50 S. bv £■ of Florence. Lon. It. 50. E. lat. 43. 5. N. MON TEREAU-FAUT-YoNNE.a tOWn Of France, in Champagne ; feated at the con- fluence of the rivers Yonne and Seine, 37 miles S. W. of Paris. Lon. 1. 57. E. lat. 48. ao. N. * MoNTCsA, a very f\roftg town of Spain, in the kingdom of Valencia. It is the f(^at of an order of knighthood of the fame name } and is five miles from Xativa. Lon. o. 24. W. lat. 39. i. N. Mont k-Sa n c t o,formerly called Mount Athos, a mountain of Tuiky in Europe, 6h the gulph of ContefTi. It is called Monte Sandio, or tie Holy Mount, becaufe there are twcnty>two monafteries thereon, in which are 4000 monks, who never fufl'er a woman to come rear tliem. It is 17 miles S, of iralonichi. Monte-Verde, a town of Italy, in the k!n{;dcm of Naples, and in the Farther Prin- cipato, with a bifhop's fee ; 60 miles E. of Naples. Lon. 16. iz. ^. lat. 41. 5. N. Montferrat, a province of Italy, with the title of a duchy ; bcurded en the E. by the duchy of Milan, and part of the territory 01 Genoa j on the N. by the Ver- MON cellefe tffid Canavcfc ; on the W. by Pied- mont properly fo c.nlltd ; and on the S. by the territory of Genoa, from whence it ii feparated by the Appennine mountains. It contains zoo towns and caflles, is very fer* tile and well cultivated, abounding in corn, wine, oil, and filk, and belongs to the king of Saidinia. Cafal is the capital town. * Mont fort, a town of France, in Upper Bretagne, feated on the river Men, i X miles from Renncs. Lon. 1. 59. W. lat. 48. 5. N. * Mo NT FORT, an hardfome and ftrong town of the Netherlands, in the United Provinces, with an ancient caAle ; feated on the rivfr YlFcl, 7 miles from Utrecht. Lon. 4. 5;. E. lat. 52. 7. N. MoyTFORT, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, on the confines of Ty- rol, 18 miles S. of Lindau, and the lake ConAance. It is capital of a county of the fame name, which has been almoft all pur- chafed by the houfe of Auftria. Lon. 9. 51. E. lat. 47. 16. N. Momtforte-oe-Lemos, an ancient town of Spain, in the kingdom of Galicia, with a magnificent caAle, where the Comar- ca of Lemos refides. It is feated in a fertile country,! 5 miles N.E. of Orcnfa.and 5 5 S.E. of CompoAeila. Lon. 7. 5. W. lat. 42.33.N. * Montfort-l'Amulv, a town in (he Ifle of France, with the title of a duchy, 25 miles from Paris. Lon. 1. 50. £. lat. 48. 45. N. Montgatz, a town of Lower Hunga- ry, in the county of Pereczas, with a fort- refs compofed of three caAles, feated on a craggy rock. It is encompafled with a great morafs, and art and nature have rendered it almoft impregnable. It was defended by the princeis Ragotfky, wife of count Tekeli, when befiegedby anarmy oftheimperiallfts, who were obliged to raife thefiege in i688, Montgomery, the county-town of Montgomeryfhire, with a market on Tuef- days, and four fairs ; viz. on March 26, June 7, September 4, and November 14, tor ftieep, horned cattle, and horfes. It '.« pleafancly fcated in a healthful air, on the afcent of a hill, and in a fertile foil ; had once a tower and a caftte, which were de» molifhed in the civil wars. It contains only 100 houfes at prcfent ; but fencis a member to parliament, ^nd has the title of an earl- dom. It is 22 miles S. W. by W. of Here- ford, and 158 N. W. of London. Lon. 3. 10., W. lat. 52. 36. N. Montgomeryshire, a county ofN. Wales, 35 miles in lergth, and 34 in breadth } bounded on the N. b> Mericneth- (hire and Denbighfliire j oti the £. by St^rop- I flilre I M O N ffiire; en the S. by Radnor, and Cardigan fllires ; and on the W. by another part of Merionethfhire. It c*ntains 5660 houfes, 33)960 inhabitants, 68 pariihes, and 6 market-towns. It fends but two members to parfiament ; viz. one for the county, and the other for Montgomery, It is watered by feveral fmafl Oreams, which run into tlie Severn, whofe head is at a fmall lake on the top of Piimilimon-iiill, and the rivers Rhydel and Wye have their fourccs in the fame mountain. This country is full of high hills, with a few valleys and meadows fit for corn and p»Aures. The air is fharp and cold, on account of the mountains ; but in the valleys it is more mild. Montgomery is the capital town. • MoNTiGNY, a town of Franc*, In Burgundy, and in the Auxois, featcd on the river Armanzon. Lon. 3. 55. E. lat. 47. 40. N. * MoNTiviLLiXRs, a town of France, in Normandy, with a famous Benedictine abbey ; 9$ miles N. W. of Paris. Lon. o. ao. W. lat. 49. 33. N, • Mont-Lher I, a town of the Ifle of France, 1 5 miles from Paris. Here are the remains of a tower, which may be feen at a great diftance. Lon. 1,1;. E.Iat. 48. 38.N. * MoNT-Louis, a fmalt but Arong town of France, in the Pyrenees, with a ftrong citadel j feated on an eminence, 45 5 miles S. of Paris. Lon. x, 5. £. lat. 42. 30. N. * MoNT-LuEt, a town of France, in BrefTe, and capital of the territory of Val bonne j feated it) a fertile pleafant country, on the river Seraine, 8 miles from Lyons, and a«5 S. E. of Paris. Lon. 5. 8. E. lat. 45- 49- N. • MoNT-LofON, a town of France, in 'Bouibonnois j fea:ed on the river Cher, 35 ttiiles S. W. of Moulins, and 1 50 S. of Pa- ris. Lon. 2. 41. £. lat. 46. 22. N. MoNTMARiANo, an epifcopal town of Italy, in tlie kingdom of Naples, and in the Farther Principato, with a bi/hop'i fte ; 3a miles E. of Naplesr Lon. 15. 27. E. iat. 41. 5.N. MoNTMEDT, a fmall but ftrong town of France, in Luxemburg, feated on the river Cliire, which divides it into the upper and lower towns. It is similes S. E. of Sedan, a7 S. W, of Luxemburg, ard 135 N. E. of Paris. Lon. 5. 30. E.Iat. 49. 36. N. MoNTMFHAN, formerly a ftrongtown of Savoy, with a good caftle j but being taken by the French in 1705, they demo- lifhed the fortifications. It in 27 miles N. E. of Grenoble, and 8 S. E. ofChamberiy. Lon. 6. 5. E. lat. 45. 32. N. MONTMCRENCI, 3 tOWO of thc Irts of M O N France, with the title of a duchy, remark* ■ib.'e for the tombs uf the anc.ent dukes. It is fea'ed upon a hill, near a large valley fertile in fruits, efpecialiy cherries, 7 miles from St. Dennis, and 10 from Paris. Lon. 2. 24. E. lat. 4S. 59, N. Mont PELL I £K, one of thc handfomeft towns of Fiance, and the mcft confiderablef in Lanpuedoc, except Touloufe, with a cita- del, a bidiop's fee, a famous univuifify, wliere they learn thc art of medicine, a loyal academy of fciences, ard a mint. 'Ih6 flreets are veiy natrow and crooked ; but al- ways clean, becaufe lying on a defcent . The cathedral chuch wasriuined by ihe Hugue- nots, but has been partly rebuilt. Th« church of Ncftre Dame, which is one of the three pari(h-churchcs>,is remakabic lor i'i high fteeple, high altar, and for the chapel of the Virgin Mary. The churches and convents were very numerous before the ci- vil Wars, in 1561, when 36 weie demolifh- ed< But this place is moft famous for itt univerfity, where phyficians are educated*. The town-h^ufe is r.markable for its haJIs, which are embellished with fine paintings. The number of inhabitants are computed at 30,000; among whom are a great numbed of phyncians, and 200 apothecaries, who are famous for their medicinal compofitions, which are diAributed all over Europe } par- ticularly, Hungary water, cil of lavender, fyrup of capillaire, efTences, and perfumes^ The air is extremely healtliy, and a great number of perfons flock thitlicr from alt parts to recover their health. It is featetl on a hill, on the river Merdanfon, which palTts into feveial parts of the town through fubtetranean vaults. It is 27 miles S. W. of Nifmcs, 47 N. E. of Narbonne, and 180 S. by W. of Paris. Lon. 3. 58. E. lat. 43. 37. N. • . MoNTPBNSTER, 3 town of Francp, in Lower Auvergnc, with the title of a r^u- chy ; feated on a hill, 12 miles N. L. of Cleimort, and aic S. E. of Paris. Lon. 4, 20. E lat. 45. 58. N. ♦Mont-Real, a town of Spain, in thc kingdom of Arragon, with a caftle ) feated on the river Xiloca, » $ miles N. W, of Tervil, and 40 S. E. of Calataiud. Lon. I. 14. W. lat. 40, 5c. N. Mont Real, an ifle of N. America, in the river of St. Lawrence, about i8 miles in length, and 10 in breadth. The foil is very fertile, and the air wbolefome, and it did belong to the French. I'lUt ir was taken by tiie j;enerals Amherft and Murray, on the 8th of September, 1760, vithowt firing a gun. Acco'dine; to the leims of caijitula- tiuti, all the French fotccs wtre to be fent to n .MON to Old France; anr^, confcquently, all Ca« siada bccamu fubjfc«£t to tlie crown of Great- Biitairt) (hi* tefiion was confirmed by the pea. e of 1763. Tie town is pretty well lortifiid, and lias a [;!■ r.'ant fituaiion, with wide open fnit i. It is built on the tide of the riv T, from whence there is a gradual cafy afcent to wliat is called the Upper Town. The Hoiel-Dieu> the magazinei*, and the place of aims, are in the Lower Town J wh.cli is aKo ihe refidence of the merchants. The feminary or fchool, the parini-chgrch, the monks called Recolets, the Jtrruits, and the nuns are in the Up per ; where likewife tiie iate governor, and moft oC the officers refided. Theie ate alfo a general hofpitjl, and a cliurcn be- longing to tlie Jefuits, which is large and well-built. The inhabitants have carried on a trade with the favaget in fkins and furs. It is 130 miles S. W. of Quebec, and 1 10 N. of Albany. Lon. ft' 4. W. lat. 45. Mont-Rkal, a town of Italy, in Sicily, and in the Valley of M >zara, with an arch- bi(hop*s fee ; feaCed on a rivulef, 8 miles N. B. of Palermo, and 50 1^. £. of Mazara. Lon. 13. 30. E. lat. 3S. 10. U. MoNTRrAi,or MoNT-RovAi, afor- trefs of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, and electorate of Triers ', feated on the river Mofelle, zo miles N. E. •f Triers* Lou. C, 50. E. lac. 50. iz. N. MoNTKEuiL, i confiderable town of Trance, in Lower Picaidy, feated on a hill ftear the river Canche. Ic is fortified, and has a caflle; and is ro miles N. W. of Hef- f a confiderable burden, and an hofpital for the poor inhabitants. It has the title of a duchy, and is 46 miles N. £. of Edinburgh. Lon. 2 10. W. laf. 56. 34. N. * MoNTSAujeoN, a town of France, in Champagne, capital of a fmall diflri£t of the fame name, 15 milts from Langres, and §45 frcm Paris. Lon. 5. zi. E. lat. 47. 38. N- Mont Serrat, an high mountain of Spain, in Catalonia, on wliieh is a famous monaftery and chapel, dedicated to the Vir- gin Mary, whofe imat^e is faid to pe;form many miia.:Ks^ fv^ that numbers of pil- MON grimj rcfort liither. It is inliablted hf-. monks of feveral rations, who entertain all that come out of devotion or curiofiiy, for three days, gratis. This mountain is faid to be 10 miles in circumference, and fivf ligh, from the top of wMch there is a viewr of t! e country to the diftance of 150 miles. It is S5 miles N. W. of Barcelona. Lon. z. . 35. E. lat. 41. 40. N. Mont-Sebrat, an ifland of America, and one of the fmalleft of the Caribbees. It is S miles in length, and about as much in breadth ; and the mountains covered with cedar, and other ufual trees. It be- longs to the Englifh, who have a fettlement heie, and is 3* miles S. W. of Antigua, j Lon, 6x. 10. W. Jat. 1 5. 55. N. •Mont St. Andre, a town of the Austrian Netherlands, in Brabant, i miles N. of Ramillies, and 11 N. of Namur. Lon. 4. 50. E. la'. 50. 43. N. • Mont St. Michael, a Arong town of France, en the confines of Nor- mandy, with a caAle, and a celebrated abbey, to which they go in pilgrimage from all parts. It is jo miles S. £. of Avranches, and 180 W. of Paris. Lon* I. 30. W. lat. 48. 34. N. • Mont-Trich ARD, a town of France, in Touraine, with a cal\le; feated on a high mountain near the river Cher, zz miles E. of Tours, and 112 S. W. of Paris. Lon, I. 15. E. lat 47. ao. N. • Mont-Valerien, a mountain of France, near Paris, and a place of great de« votion, inhabited by hermits, and a commu- nity of fecular prieils. • MoNZA, a town of Italy, in the du- chy of, Milan, feated on the river I.ambro, 8 miles N. £. of Milan, and ao S. W. of Bergamo. Lon. 9. 10. E. lat. 45. 33. N. • Moor-Kirk, a village in Yoikfhire, with one fair, en June 24, for leathern ware. • MooR-LiNCH, a village in Somerfet-t fhire, with one fair, on Auguft ao, for all forts of cattle. Mora, a town of Spain, in New Caftile, iS miles S. E. of Toledo. Lon. 4. o. W, lat. 39. 3$. N. MoR AN T-PoiNT, thcmoft eaftetly point or promontory of the ifland of Jamaica, in America Lon. 75. 30. W. lat. 18. o. N. MoRAT, or MuRTEN, a Hcb, trading, and confiderable town of SwifTerland, capi« tal of a bailiwick of the fame name, be- longing to the cantons of Bern and Friburg, wi>h a caftle, where the bailiff refides. Ic is feated on the lake Morat, on the road from Avenches to Bern, 10 miles W. of Hero, and 10 N, E, of Friburg. Lon. 7. ai.E. M O R -' CI. E. tat. 47. I. N. Mob AVA, a ii>er of Turky in Europe, which rifcs in Bulgatia, runs N. throut^h Servia by NifTa, and falls into the Da* rvube atSemendria, to the eadward o( Bel- grade. MotAviA, the mafquifate of, is a pro vince annexed to ihe kingdom of Boliemia, »nd is bounded on the N. by Bohemia and Silefia, on the K. by Mount Krapack, and on tlie S. by Hungary and AuAria. It is a mounrainous country, and watered by a great number of ri vers and brooks. It takes iis name from the river Morava, or Motaw, which runs through it ; is very fertile and populous } and hence the feft of Cliriftians, called Moravians, take their name, their doftrines having been firft broached here. CImutz was the capital town, but now Brinn claims that honour. MoRAw, orMoRAVA, a large river i>f Germany, which has its fource on the con- fines of Bohemia and Silefia. It crcfTes all Moravia, where it waters Olmutz and HradiflTe, and receiving the Taya from ih« confines of Lower Hungary and Upper Au* Aria, feparates thefe two countries ai far as the Danube, into which it falls. MoRBACH, or MURBACH, a towH of France, in Atface, 40 miles S. of Straf* burg. Lon. 8. o. E. lar. 4S. o. N. * MoRBATH, a village in Devon(hire, with one fair, on Monday after Auguft 24, for cattle. * MoRBiCN*, a handfome town of the country of the Grifons, in the Valteline, where the governor and the regency refide. It is feated on the river Adda, is miles S. £. of Chiavenna, and 20 N. E. of Lecco. Lon. 9. 23. E. lat. 46. 7. N. MoRtA, formerly called PftopoNNE- sus, a peninfula on the fouthcrn part of Greece, to which it is joined by the i(th- mus of Corinth, lying between the gulpfis of Lepanto and Engta. Its figures is like a mulberry leaf, and is 180 miles in length, and 130 in breadth. The air is temperate, ^nd the foil fertile, excepting the middle, where there are many mountains. It is watered by feveral rivers, of which the Al- phet's, the Vafili-Potamo, and the Stromio, are the chief. It is divided into three large provinces, called Scnnia, Belvedera, and the Brazz:)-di-Maina. The fangiack of the Mo rea refides at Modcn. It was taken by the Venetians from the Turks in 1687, but they loft it a^ain in 1715. Morel LA, a town of Spain, in Valen- cia, feated on the frontiers of Arragon, among high mountains. It was almoft de- lUrojed in 1705, by the army of Philip V. M O R and !s now in a very poor condition, ' M«KET, an ancept town of ihe lile of France, with a callle; featei) on tlic nv«r Loiic, 3^ niilcb S. E. of P^ri^. Lon. 3. 59, E. ht 4S. 20. N. Mori TON, a town of Devnnfhire, with a maiket on Saturdays, and thrtc lair% on tKe firl) Satuiday in June, July 18, an'l November 30, fur cattle j feated on a hi I, near Dartmore, and is a pretty large place, with a noted muket for yarn. It is 14 miles S. W. of Exeter, and J79 W. by S. of London. Lon. 4, o. W. lai. 50. 44* N. More TON,, a town in Gloucefter/hirc, whofe market is cfifored, but it has two fairs, on April 5, and Oflober 10, for car- tie. It is a good thorouglifare, and feated on the Foire-\A'ay, 29 miles E. S.E.of Wor- ceftei, and 83 W. N. W. ofLcndoj). Lon, I. 46. W. lat. 5*. o. N. * MoR G ts, a handfome and rich town of Swi (Tec land, in the canton of Btm, and capital of a bailiwick, with a caflle whtr« tire bailiff refides. h is a place of fomo trade, on account of a canal from which they tranfport merchandizes from the lake of Geneva to other pacts. There is a fine ptofpeft from it, and it is feated on the lake of Geneva, 5 miles from Laufanne. Lon. 6. 40. E. lat. 46. 30. N. * MoRiiANGF, a town of Germany, in Lorrain, whofe lord has the title of Rhine- grave, and depends on the empire. It is t $ miles N, E. of Nanci, and 200 E. of Pans. Lon. 6.43 E. lat. 48. 55. N. MoRLACHt A, a province of Venice, ly- ing between the gulph of Venice, Croatia, and Bofnia, having Dalmatia to the S. Some reckon it a part of Croatia ; Seng, or S. gna, is the capital town. The inhabitants are inveterate enemies of the Turks, and never fpare them wiien they get them in their clutches. Tl-ey are prodigioufly Arong, and travellers affirm that four of them will carry a man on horf<^back 10 or 30 paces together, over the mofl dangerous pafTcs in the mountains. Their habits are of divers colours, and quite different from thofe of the Venetians, and they commonly go arnred with an ax. MoRLAix, a confider;\ble fea-port town of France, in Bretagne, with a raflle and a harbour. The church of Noflre-Dame is o£ a Angular ftru£Vure, and the hofpital very handfome. The inhabitants carry en a conficterable trade. It is feared on a river of the fame name, 30 miles N. E. of Breft, and 45 W, of St. Biieux. Lon. 3. 40. W. lat. 48.3S.N. * MoBNSueiM, a tcwn of Germany, in FrAnconia* M O R Frknconia, and in Hanenkam, feated on the river Seyt. Ic belongs to the biihop ol Aiciiftadc. Lon. lo. 37. E. lat. 49. 10. N. MoROCcp, a large pmp'itt of Afiica, in llie weftern part of Barbary. It compre. hcnds the kin|$doms of Morocco, Fez, Ta- filet, Sus, and the lart;e province of Dara. Morocco Proper is a part of the ancient Mauritania Tin^tttana, and is bounded on the N by the kingdom of Fez, on the S. and E. by Bildulgertd. and on the W. by the ocean. Tim principal rivers are, the Omnarabi, the Tenfif, the Sus, and the Oualdelhahi, bcHcies which there are feverai fmaller Areams. It is about 150 miles in length along the fea coaft, and 140 in breadth. The land is moantainous in feve- ral places, fandy, dry, and barren in others ; nor is it very populous, or fertile in corn ; but there are a number of camels, almonds, and mines of copper, in the fields are above 30,000 tents of the Arabs, who lodge there with their camels, beeves, and flicep ; from fifteen and upwards they pay a tenth part of all their gooes 10 (!ie king, and compofe a great number of jidours, or moveable villages, each of which has its marabout or Mahometan prieH, and its chief, whom they ele£l among them- felves. The empire of Morocco is 625 miles in length from N. to S. and 650 from £. to W. It is bounded on the N. by the Mediierranean Sea , on the S. by Teflet } and on life £. by SegelmeiTa and t^e kingdom of Algieis. The air of this coMntry is .very pure, and pretty temperate, erpecially to the N. of mount Atlas. The foil, though fandy and dry in Tome places, is fo fertile in others, and the fruits fo good, as well as the paftuies, that it would be a delightful country, if properly cultivated. The inha- bitants are Mahometans, of a tawney com- plexion, robuft, and very ikilful in manag- ing a horfe, and wielding a lance. How- ever, they are unpolilhed, jealous, (hame- lefs, liars, fuperftitious, hyprocrites, cheats, and of a cruel difpofltion. There are two forts of inhabitants, the Arabs who dwell in adours, or moveable villages, compofed of about 100 tents, and Bercberles, who are the ancient inhabitants of the country, and who dwell in towns and cities. There are a great number of ChriHian flaves and fome merchants upon the coafls, befides a multitude of Jews, who carry on almoft all the trade ; e8, and fix crowns a*} ear of the Jew»} but the emperor often breaks through thefe rules, and feizes what he pleafes. He can bring 100,000 men into the fltld, halfxif which are foot and half horfe, but they are poorly armed, and kiiow little of the art of war, Morocco, the capital city of the king- dom of Morocco, In Barbary ; feated in a very large plain, on the river KifRs, s^o miles S. by W. of Fez, 1*5 N, W. of Sus, and 15 from mount Atlas. It was furround- ed by a drong wall, fortified with towers and fome bulwarks, and encompafled with deep ditches« The number of houfes were reckoned formeily to be 100,000, all wi'h flat roofs, but they are now greatly dimi- nifhed, infomuch that the ^reateft part of the city is unpeopled. The irruption^ and robberies of the Arabs hinder them from cultivating the lands about it> infomuch that there it nothing but vines, date-trees, and fome other fruits. There were three tem-p pies or mofques in this place, of a prodigi- ous flze, and the emperor's palace was fo large, and took up fo mu'h ground, that it refembled a fmalf city. A late traveller af- firms, that the inhabitants now are not above 25,000, and that the houfes go to ruin every day, without being rebuilt. This may happen partly from the cemoval of the court, which is now at Mequin^z, Lon, 6. 45> W. lat. 30. 33. N. MoaoN, a town of Spain, in Andalufla, feated in a pleafant fertile plain, and in the neighbourhood is a mine of precious ftones. It is 30 miles S. £. of Seville. Lon. 5. 10, W. lat. 37. o. N, MoiPKTH, a town of Northumberland;, with a maiket on Wednefdays, and two M O R vfiiri, on Wednefday, Thurrday, and Frldiy ie*nni§ht bafure Whit-Sunday, for horned cat ie, fl;eep, and horles { and on Wednef- day before July zi, for a few horned cattle. It is felted on the river Wenrpeck* and is a handfome thoioui^hfare-iown, has a ciAIe (till ftanding> and fends two members to - parliament. The market is very large for corn, cattle, and piovifions. It is i8 mile* N. of Durham, and 191 N. by W. of Lon- don. Lon. i. 15. W. lat. 55. 15 N. * Mors, a town and caftle of Germany, in Weftphalia, feated near the Rhine, and belonging to the duchy of Cleves ; 17 miles N. W. of Dufleldorp, and 12 S. E.o> Guel- ■ dres. Lon 6. 40. £. lat. 51. 23. N. MoKTACNE, a town of France, in Or- leanois, and the largcA in Fcrche, having - confiderable manufaAories of coarfe linen* cloth. It is 17 miles S. £. of See2, and 85 W. of Paris. Lon. o. 47. E. lat. 38. 41. K. Thete is another town of this name in Poitou. Lon. 1.5. W. lat. 47. *■ N. * MoKTAiGN, a town of France, in Flanders, and in Tournefis, feated at the confluence pf the rivers Scarpe and Scheld, 8 miles rrom-Tournay. Lon. 3. 35>E. lat* 50. 31. N. MoRTAiNj a town of France, in Nor- mandy, on the confines of Maine ; feated oa th« rivulet Lances, almoft furrounded with craggy rocks, 20 miles £. of Avranches^ Lon. o. 58. W. lat. 48. 37. N., Mort'ara, a ftrong town of Italy, in the ducliy of Milan, and in the Laumclino, fubje£l totheJting of Sardinia ; 15 miles N. E. of Cafal, and 22 S. W. of Milan. Lon. 8. 44. E. lar. 4;. az. N. * MoRTBMAB, a town of France, in Poitou, with the title of a duchy. Lon. I. 5. E. lat. 4;. 59. N. '* Mortimer, a village in Berkfliire, ^ith one fair, on 0&. 25, for horfes and Welfll cattle. MoRTtACK, a pleafant village in Surry, feated on tbc fiver Thames, 6 miles W. of London. I * MoRVAN, a territory of France, in Burgundy, lying, along the river Yonne. It produces nothing but rye and wine; but •' there are good paAures, which feed a great . nutnber of cattle, in which they carry on a confiderable trade. MoRVKDRo, an ancient town of Spain, in Valencia, built on the (ite of the ancient Saguntum. Thets are ftill the ruins of a ■ Rooian amphltheatte to be feen. It is • 'fcai«d on a liver of the fa.ne name, 10 mile* N. of Valencia, and was taken by "loid Peterborough in ifoo, Lon. o. i. E. , Jat, 39. 44. N. MO S * MoSA, a town ofAfia, in AraMa Fe- lix, 25 miles N. £. of Mocha, which fup- plies it with fowls and fruits* MosAMBi^v F^a kingdom of Afiir'a, ly- ing on the coaft of Zanguebar, and th« mod confiderable thereon. Vafqucs de Ga- ma landing on this coaft in 1497, '^* ^*"'' tuguefe took an oc.adon to fettle theie, and feiZed on the town of Mofambique* the capital of the country, and have kepc pofleflion of it to tc£t(Qn of £ c e a thd M U K the cUAor of Saxony ) feattd in a fertile country, on the river ITnOrutht, 15 miles N. S. of Eifcnach, anti 45 E. by S of Caf- fel. Lon. 10. )9. E. )at. 51. 13. N. MuLHAVitN, a Ccndderable town of Okrvnany, in the circle ot the Upper Rhine, •nd capital of a republic in alliarce with th0 Swift. It U populous, well-built, and adorned with handfome public AruAures ; feated in a pleafant fertile country, on an ifland tormed by the river III, 13 mile* N. "W. of Bafle, and 10 E. of Before. Lon. 7. 31. E. lat. 47. 50. N. * MuLiieiM, a town of Germany, in the ele£)ura!e of Cologne, feated near the river Rhine. Lon. 6. 16. E lat. 50. 35. N MuLLiRAi.a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and in the middle Ma'che of Brandenburg : feated on a canal cut between the rivers Spiee and Oder, 38 miles S. E. of Berlin. Lon. 4. 45. £. lat. 52. 14. N, MuLTA^^, a flrong town of Afia, in In- doAan, and capital of a provmce of the fame name, fubjeA to the Great Mof^ul. The inhabitants are chieOy Banyans, h is feated on the river Sinde, or Indus, 250 miles N W. of Agra. Lon. 97. 45. E. lat. aj. 40 N. Molt I A, a large river of Africa, in the kingdom of Fez. It has its fourcp in Mount' Atlas, and crofTing thte province of ChaOfe, fepaiates that of Garera from the kingdom of Algiers, and falls into the Mediterranean fda. • MvNDA, an ancient town of Spain, in the kingdom of Granada, iz miles from Malaga. Lon. 4. 13. W. Jat. 36, 31. N. .* Mono I NcoRS, the name of a people vho live on the (ides of the riverGambia in Africa, and who are of a jet black colour, A'ong, and well-made. Wfen this coun- try was conquered by the Portuguefe, fomc of that nation fettled here ; and by tohabic- iog with the'ntfgro women, are become al moft black. They Aill I'etain a fort of baf tard Portuguefe lant^uage, and have a prieA fent over every year from one of th^ Cape de Vc'dc iflands, to chriften and marry. Ipiey are greatly offended at being called Ne- groes, tiiinking tliat name only belongs to ilaves. M;ND?m:tN(;r,N, a town of Germany, in Suahia, featfd on the iiver Danube, 25 miles S. W. of Ulm. ton 9. 43. E. lat. 48 IS N. MuNGATs, or MujJKATs, a town of Upper Huni^ary, with a bifhop's fee, and an impregnable caftle, feated on a high roci<, 50 miles N. E. of Tockay. Lon. 22. o. E. ^. 48. 30.N, --- ' ' ' .» . - * M U N • MvKiA, or MiNiE, an anrieht an4 conftderable town o> Africa, in EgTpt( feated on the river Nile, 140 miles S. of Cairo. The vefTels that go down the Nil* arc obliged to Aop here and pay certain du- ties. There are feveial moftiuef, and 4 great number of granite pillars. Lon. 3a. ao. E. lat a6. 15. N. Munich, a town ot^ Germany, and ci> pital of the elcAorate and duchy of Bava- ria, where the elector commonly refides. It is furrounded by thick wtlls, bulwark>, and deep ditclies, but oihcrwife is not a very Arong place. The fioufcs arc high, and the ftretts tarce and f^itcious, canalt running through many of them, The electoral pa- lace is feated a. the extremity of the town, and c- ntains ao6o wind ws, ao large halli; II courtJ, 9 galleriei, i€ kitchens, and i» cellars. It is thnO{(ht to be one of the moft maenificent, large, and commodious , alacea in Ebrope. A Iter the battle of HochAet, the duke of Marlborough caTtied away a great many fine pidlrreb from hence into f.ngland. In 1719 this palace was fet on Are, and re- ceived immenfe damage; however, jt WaiTe^ built fomttime after. The cabinet oi ou icfi- tiee, the library, thearfcnal, and theeleAot'a gardens, deferve the attention of a travel- ler. The cathedral church contains 24 large columns, a 5 chapels, and 30 altars ; but the two Aeeples, and the tomb of one of the emperors, of black mat ble, adorned with Aatues of bronze, are the moft re- markable things h«-! nging to it. The Je- fuits church is em^ellifhed on the inlide with Mofaic wori<, at^A the college has 80a windows on cne fide only. This place hae often been taken and retaken in the wars of Germany } in 1742, it was forced to fub- mit to the AuArians, and the inhabitants were obliged to pay 25000 francks by wajr of contribution. It is featttl on the river Ker, 15 miles S. E. of Auefbin*!, 6« S, of Ratifbon, and 90 S. by E. of Nuremburf;. Lon. I T. 40. E. lat. 48. 2. N. MuNSTzR. the bifhoprick of, lies ir the circle of WeAphalia in Gcimany, aid is very ccnfidcrable, being 120 nniles in lergth, and 80 in breadth. The river Ems runs through the middle of it, from E. to W. It is bounded on the K. by the countirs of Bentheim and Stein' urt j on the E. by the bi(hopr;ck$of Ofnabrug and Padtrborn j on the S. by 'he county of Maik ; and on the W. by the duchies of Cleves and Zutphen. The capital town is of the fame name. ^ Mu^STIR, a large, rich, pt-pulouj, and famous city of Cermiiny, in the circle of Wef^phalia, capital of tlic bifhoprick of the fame name, vifhofe btfhop is one of the fove-- ici||f| M U R rtign princes of the empire. It eontaini 9 gatei, 5 ebbeyi, 6 parithet, and many reli- gious houfei of both fexft. It is defended by a ftrong citadel, which ftands diAinA from the city, and was free and imperial till l6fii i and to Iteepthe inhabitants in awe, this citadel was built. It 15)5 a taylor, called John of Leyden, made himfelf mafter of the city, and drove away the bifliop and magiftrates : but it was taken from him in I536, after 14 months (lege, when he was tortured to death with red-hot pincers. The famous treaty was concluded hert in 1648. which put an end to the religious wirs of 30 years continuance. It is (eated on the river Aa, 70 miles N. by E. of Cologne, 77 S. by W. of Bremen, and 77 N. W. of Caflel. Lon. 7. 49. E. lar. 52. o. K. MuNSTB*, a town of Germany, in Al> face, with a rich BenediAine abbey, 30 miles S. W. of Strafburg ; fubjeA to France. Lon. 5. 5. E. lat. 48. 8. N. MuNSTca, one of the four provinces of Ireland; bounded on the E. and S. E. by the province of Leinfter ; on tt»e W. by the Wcftern Ocean j on th« N. by the pro- irince of Connaught, from which it is fepa- fated by the river Shannon ; and on the S. and S. W. by the Ocean. It is about 13; miles in length, and 110 in breadth. The jdhief rivers are the Sare> the AuitlufTe, the Lee, the Bande, the Leane, and the Cafhon. ^rhe^e are a great many bays and harbours, and many rich towns, and the air is mild and temperate. Some places are mountain- ous, but the valleys beiow are embellished with corn-fields. The mod genera] com- modities are corn, cattle, wood, woo), and fiflii It contains 5 counties, namely, Tip- perary, Waterford, Cork, Limerick, apd Kerry ; as alfo one archbifhoprick, 5 bi> fhopricks, 109,743 houfej, 74opariihes, 63 baronies, and s6 boroughs. The principal town is Waterford. MuNSTKRBCRG, a towH of Silefla, and papital of a duchy of the fume name, 35 tniles S. of Breflaw. Lon. 16. 40. £. lat. 50. 35, N. MuNSTEa-MEiKreLT,a town of Ger- many, in tlie circle of the Lower Rhine, and in the eteftorate of Treves, or Triers, XX miles S. W of Coblentz. Lon. 7. o. E lat. 50. 15. N. • MuK/tNp, an ifland of Italy, with a town of the fame name, which they call a fecord Venice, and which the Venetians fre quenf for pleafure. It is only a quarter of a mile from Venice. Lon. 12. 5S. E, lat. 45. 32. N. MuRCiA, a kingdom of Spain ; bounded on the N. by NewCaftilej on theE. by the '■^'■■\ ^' 6 ^ ITS kingdom of Fak. lufia and Gianada Mediterranean kta in length, and 5! ir pa! river is Segur* a mileo sp'incl* , on»*^W.by AMa. ami '/ , ah* S by tho It •« abor veadth, an The foil is o it feHom rjint, »o6 cticrefoie >t , little corn or wine, biit thee is pi nty «t oranges, citrons, lenKMtt, oliv«a, almoctde-^ mulberries, rice, pulfe, and fugar. It ha» alfo a great deal of fllk. It was taken from the Moors in i»6^. The air is vary haakh. ful, and the principal town ia of the faait name. .-.. ti ' M u a c I a , a large, handfome, and popu- lous city of Spain, capital of a kingdom of the fame name, with a biOiop'a fee. Ic contains 6 pariOtes, and a fuperbcathedra?, the ftairs of whofe fteeple are fo contrived!^ that a man may ride up 10 the top either on hoifeback or in a coach. It is feated in a pleafiinl plain, which abounds in fine gar* dens about the city, in which are the beft fruits in Spain. It is feated on the river $<«> i;ura, 27 miles N. of Carthagena, and ai» S. C. of Madrid. Lon. c. 36. W. lat. 37. 48. N. M u R e T, a town of France, in Gafcony, and in the county of Comminges ; feated on the river Garonne, 10 miles 6. of Touloufc* Lon. I. 30. E. lat 43. 30. N. MuRo, an epifcopal town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Bafilioa* ta, feated at the foot of the Appenninee, II miles S. E. of Conza, and a-a S. W. 4i Cirenza. Lon. 15. 35. E. lat. 40. 45. N. Murray,- a county of Scotland, bound- ed on the N. by the German Ocean, on the E. by BamiT, on the S. by Mar and Bade- noch, and on ttie W. by Invernefs. The climate and foil of this country is the beft in all the N. of Scotland, and the inhabi- tants boa(^ they have 40 clearer days than iny of their neighbours. It is in general a champaign, low country, intermixed with p'eafant hills. The foil is a mixture of fand and clay, which is very fruitful whe(l manured. The principal rivers ate, the Neffe, the Spey, the Nairn, the Pitidorti, and the Loflie. The chief town is Inver- nefs. The rivers abound with fifh, parti- cularly falmons. • MuRRHART, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suahia, and duchy of Wittem- berg, with a BenediQine ahbey. Ir is feated on the I iver Mur, 8 miles from Hall. Lon. 9. 5t. E lat. 49. 8. N. * MusiDAN, a town of France, in Up- per Pert^ord, which fuftained a famous fuge in 1579. Lon. o. 20. £. lat. 45. 5. N. MvssLtaoROtro'R} a iea>port town of Scotland, M y D Scotlmd, In th« fliira of LoiMmi, fMlcd 9m th* frith of rorih, at th« mouth of th« tivtr Efli. Ic U rwiurlublo for a viAory •btaintd h«r« by tht BngliAi ovor tht S«oti, In the rtign of ed«rard VI. It it • aiilM K. of BdUiburKh. Loa. a. 45. W. lat. 56. •. N. MuiTAOAMt a fe*>|>ort town of Africa, In tiM kingdom of Algiart, with a good oaAlt and a baibour, 140 miles W. of the city of Algiwf* Loo. o. 3. W. lat. ]6. 30. N. * MwRAit a village of Carmarthen- •lira, in S. Walei, with on« fair, on Auguft Bi( for cattia, Ihcap, and pedlara ware. MttBAcaA, a fea-port town of Spain, in the kingdom of Granada, with a ftrong ca Ale fcatcd on a mountain} tj milei N. of Almeri,and 6a. S. W. of Carthagcna. Lon. ». 17. Wwlat. s6. 34. N. MvvDBH, a town of Holland, fcated en the river Vecht, on the S. coaA of the Zuydar>ice, 7 milci E. of Amfterdam. Lon. 4|.4S.E lat. 5a. 19. N. M vc IN B, formerly the capital town of a famous kingdom in Morea, which is now Ecduced to a fmall village. My CON B, an ifland of the Archipelago, about 30 miles in circumference. The bar- bour is very open, and deep enough for the hrgeft iMps> where they may ride fecure from the N. wind. There are about 500 fea-faring men in the ifland, who belong to about 150 vcflels of all forts, and are nccounted pretty good Tailors* The foil is dry, and the mountains are of a great Mght. The inhabitants lofe their hair Coon after i6 years, and yet they are a comely* handfome people. Water is very fearce in the fummer time, but in the town there is a large well, which is the only one fat the ifland. This place contains about 3000 inhabitants, but for one man there are four wonnen, who are often feen lying among the hogs in the open flreets. In this ifland are plenty of partridges, quails, woodcocks, turtle-doves, rabbits,and wheat- tars j befides which there are excellent grapes and delicious figa. Almoft all the inhabitants are Greeks, who have fifty churches in all } but many are chapels, and fome monaAeries. T w o or three European nations have confuls here, and yet very few ; Ihipa frequent !(. The habits of the wo Moen arc very difactreeable, and yet an or- dinary fuit of the better fort will coft aoo C'owns i but then thefe cioaths generally laft their life-time. Lon. 15. 51. £. lat. 37.«8. N. * MvDRiM, a villageof Carmarthenshire, in S. Wales* with one fair, on Maich i s, for N A H catlte, fierfea, and flannel, M y s I A, formcily a country of Afla Mi* nor, now called Naiolia, which had Troaa on the W. Phrygia 6n the E. and the I'ro* pontis to the N. vr AB, a river of Germany, which riiee '^'^ in the mountains of Franconia, croffcs the palatinate of Bavaria and the landgia- vate of LuAhenburg, pafles by the town of that name, and falls into the Danube, a mile above Ratifbon. *NAiAON,ariverof Portugal, in Eflre- madura, which runs by Tomar, and falls into the Zera, a little before it meets with the Tajo. N A a V a , a town of Germany, in the pa- latinate of Bavaria, feattd on the W. fide oi the river Nab, 10 miles S. of Amberg. Lon. II. 8. B. lat. 49. ai.N. * Nachihab, orNASAfH, a town of Afia, in Great Tartary, in Mawanalnahar, faid to have produced a great many learned men. Lon. 70. 25. E. lat, 39. 50. N. *Nadravia, a territory of Ducal Pruf- fia, and in the circle of Smaland. Thta country is covered with wood, except about Pregal, and Labaiou is the capital town. Nabbdbn, a very ftrong town of Hoi* land, at the head of the canals of the pro- vince, and capital of Gaylaod ; fcaicd on the Zuyder-zee, 14 miles E. of Amfterdam, and 15 N. of Utrecht. Lon. 5* 3. E. lat. 5a. so. N *Nacxra, orNAGABA, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile, and territory of Rio- ja, with a fort, and the title of a duchy. It is fcated in a fruitful foil. 3 miles N. W. of Calahorra, and 138 N. of Madrid. Lon. s. 20. W, lat. 4s. 25. N. * NAOiBANiA,atownof Tranfylvania, on the confines of Upper Hungary, apd featcd on the river Zazucd, 14 miles from Zatmarbania, near which thcie aic filver mines. * N A coin, a town of Germany, in Suabia, and in the duchy of Wirtemberg, 10 miles W. of Tubingen, with a ftrong caftle. Nagbacvt, a town of Afla, in Indo- ftan, and in the dominions of the Great Mo« gul, with a rich temple, to which the In- dians go in pilgrim^e. It is feated on (he river Ravi, 300 miles N. of Agia. Lon. 78. 25. E. lat. 32. o. N. * Nahar Melek, a town of Afla, in Irac-Arabiy feated near the Euphrates, 90 . . miles 5l 31 NAM Loiit 4S« 40. B. lit. mllfi from JCufah 31. to. N. * Naha* VAN, t town of AHa, in Irac* Arabi, ftattid on a branch of tho luphram, 5 miles from Kufah. Lon. 45. 37. E. Ut. 31. 15. N. NAiaMB, a borovgh and fca port town •f ScoilMtf, in th« (hire of Invernaff } feat- «d at the entrance of the frith of Murray, iS miles E. of Inverncfs, and 104 N. of Edinbufgh. Lon. j. 31. W. lat. 57 40, N. N A 1 1 ^ ', a (hire of Scotland, which fend* •ne nMff«b(r to parllantent. Nakiivam, a celebrated town of Afia, in Armenia, and capital of a province of the fame name, with an arc'ibifhop*! fee. It hat three bazari, or market- placet, where they fell all kinds of merchandize!, and is fo old, that the Armeniani believe it was the refidence of Noah. It it feated between the towns of Erivan and Tauris. Lon. 63. 59. B. la'. 38.40.N. * Na M A a I, a mountam of Sicily, in the Val-di Demona, between MciTina, Taoimi* iia, and Melazzo. NAMrTwicH, ■ town of Chefhire, with a market on Saturdays, and three fairs, on March x6, September 4, and December 1 5, for cattle, horfet, cloaihs, flannel, bedding, hard-ware, and pewter. It is feated on the river Wever, which runs through the mid- dle of it, and is a large, well-built town, with a liandfome church. Here are falt- fpringi, which lie on the banks of a fresh- water ftream, from which they make great quantities of white fait. It is 10 miles S. E. of Chefter, and 1 6s N. W. of London. Lon. t. 3*. W. iat. 53. 6. N. Namur, a larite, rich, and very ftrong town of the Netherlands, capital of the county of Namur, with a ftrong caAle, fe- vera! forts, and a biftiop's fee. The moft confiderable forts are Fort-William, Fort- Maefe, Fort Coquelet, and Fort-Efpinor. The canie is built in the middle of the town, on a craggy rock. It was befteged by king William in 1695, who took it in the fight of an army of 100,000 French, thou(;h there were 6o,coo men in garrifon. - Namur it now a barrier town, artd has a Dutch garrifon. The bi(hop's palace is a foperb (IruAurc. It was ceded to the houfe of AuOria in 1713, but taken hy the French in 1746, an'l rendered back by the treaty •f Aix la Chapelie. It it feated between two moun'ains, at the confluence of the rivers Maefe and Sambre, ■ 2 miles S. W. of Huy, 31 S. W. of Bruflels, and 30 S by W. of Louvain. Lon. 4. cj. E. lat. co. »S' N. tiAuvBf the coanty of, • province of 10 miles E. of and 6a S. E. of E. lat. 48. 41. NAN the Netherlands, lying between the river* lambre and Maefe ) bounded on the N. bjr Brabant, on the B. and S. by the bifhopricic of Liege, and on the W. by Hainaolt. It is pretty fertile, and has fcveral forefts, nurble quarries, and minee vof iron, lead* and pit-coal, being about 30 miles in length, and ao in breadth, Namur is the capital town. Nanci, a town of France, In Lomin, feated on the river Meufe, in the centre of Lorrain, of which it is the capital. It ia divided into the old town and the new { th« firf>, though irregularly built, is very pop lumns. Lon. 26. 10. E. lat. 36. 15. N. Nanqasacxi, a large and famous town of Japan, in the ifland of Ximo Fifen, with a well-frequented harbour. The inhabi- tants are very debatiched, and carry on a great trade with the Chinefe and Dutch. The latter are never fuffcrcd to come into the city, uniefs when their fhips arrive, and then they deliver up their guns, helms, and fails, as pledges of their good behaviour. Lon. 133. a5. £. lat. 31. 36.N. Nanking, a city of China, and capital of the province of Kiangnan. It is tha largefl in China, being 17 miles in circuni* ference, and about three miles diflaot from the great met Yang- life Chian^^ from i which ! NAN iwhicli there are canals cut, to hrge that viC- fds may enier the town. Thia place i« preatly fallen from it* ancient fplcndor, tor it had a magniAcent palatiC, whicli it qui.e , deftroyed, a« well as many ancient monu ments, and a tiiiid part vf the city itfcif is idefolate. The ftreets »ra narrow, but iiandfome and well-pf ved« and on «ach fide are (hops, neatly furni(hed. The public ]butI(Ungs are mean, except a few temples, the city gates, and a tower of porcelain aoo jfcet high. They have feveral manufaAures in fiik and wool. The number of the inha bitants are faid to be 1,000,000, ^^'iihout comprehending the garrifon of 40,000 men ; here the phyficiant have their principal aca- .demy. It is 6co ,milM £■ £. of Peking. ■Lon. 119. 25. £< lat. 3<». 46. N. Nansamumd, a couniy x>f N. America, in Virginia, fo sal^difrom a liver of tliat iViame which runs thrx>(lgh it. Nahtei, an -aneient, rich, and very •«on(iderable town of France, in Bretagnc, (With a bi(hop*s fee, an uniTerfity, and a mint. It is one. of the mod coirfiderable .places in the kingdom, and ccntains the iTicheft merchants ; wtss formerly the ttH- 'tdence of the duk^s of Bretagne, where they •kuih a very Aron^t caftle on tiie fide of the .fiver, and which is A' ongiy fo( tificd. There arefeveral p.>ii{hes, and a gteat many leligi-' i,«us houfes, and the cathedral ccntains the ;tombs of the ancient dukes. There a'efc- veral fifte bridges over the river Loiie, whirh is navigable. The fuburbs are fo lav^e, on -account of the niHnber of people that come from all parts to fettle here, that they ex- ceed the city. The Spaniards trade here ^with wine, fine wool, iron, fiik, oil, oranges, ,and lemons, and they carry back cloth, • Auifs, corn, and hard>ware. The Dutch -.fend falt-fifh, and ail forts ot' fpices ; and in return have wine and brandy. The Swedes , bring copper, and the £ngli(h lead, tin, and .pit-coal. It was in this place that Henry IV. promulgated the famous edi A of Nanus, than port Lauoai, which is iz mifes from ' Nantes. *NANTGLtN, a village of E)enbigh(hire, in N. Wales, with two fairs, on M»y 6, «nd October a7, for cattle. Nantua, a town of France, in Bogey, with a rich BenediAin* priory j feared on a lar^e lake of the fame name, at miles S, £. • of tfuuij CA'B<^«» NAP/ Na7«tvck«t, an, ifland of N. Amrri* ca, in New- England, whofe inhabitant* chiefly apply ihcmfeiveS'to u^e whale fifhery. U is 80 miles S. of Boflon. Lon. 70. e. W« Ut. 41. o. N. * Naofux A, a town of Afia, in Indo- (Ian, and in the kingdom of Decan, feated on the river Tapti. Its territory produoos thebeft lice in all the E, inaies. Lon. ju 5$. E. lat. SI. so. N. Naflxs, an anoient, large, rich, anil trading city of Italy, and one of the fined in the wo'd, being capital of a kingdom of the fame name, with an archbilhop's fee, anuniveifiiy, andfoMr eaftles. Jtis feated on the fea-coaft, >furroun(l>.d with thick twalls, regular baAiuns, Arong towtfrs, deap ditches, and fevecal fortified saAles. It is I s miles in circumference, and has 7 large fuburbs,.injwhitih, and the city, they reckon 300,000 inhabitants. There.are three foru, built on purpofe to keep the city in awe, one of which, called St. Elmo, ftands on a high hill, and is .faid to be impregnable; the caAle d'Ovo defends the harbour, and is feated on the fea,.upon. a lock ; the other is CaAel Nuovo, which flands near the fca> fide, at a fmal) diAance from the royal pa* lace. In this is the governor's apariment, an arfenal, and tlie.richeil cabinet of curio* fitiesin Eun^pe. The fireetti of Naples are latg:. Ui:aighc, and paved with freeAonc. Ttte houfes are all built with Aone, gene« rally in the modern taAe, and very well furniAied. There are a great many palaces, on account of the nobility who chufe to re- fide here. That of the king is extremely large, and magnificently furniAied. The convents and churches are furprizingly rich, ard it is a doubt whether thofe at Rome furpafs them or not. The fineA of all is the cathedral, and the chapel where the blood of St. Janaarius is kept, lit is bailt ick the modernt.tAe, and is remarkable, as welt on account of the Aatues of bronze, as the fine paintings contained therein. Here they make' excellent foap,. fine cloths, and ill forts of Aufijt i and their wine and oil are ex- cellent, and in great plenty. The air is pure, ferene, and healthy, and the weather in winter is veiy mild. 1^ Atort, it would be a perfeA paradife, if they were not liable to frequent earthquakes, and ihofe in 1707, 1703, 1706, anrf 174.4, were very teriible. The haibonr is Ltigeenouv^h to contain 500 velTels, where they may ride fecure, with- out being endangered by th*; violence of the waves, which break againtt the mole ; at the extrenrvty t^.' which there is a vi ry fino lighi-houfr, and nf ar it a fpring of fweet- watcr* HU zo8 miles S.E,oiIlou)c, ton. 14. NAP /4. so. t. tat. 40. 55. N. Naflbs, » kini^Iom in the S. part of ftaly, which has undergone a great many changes. The Normans became makers of it in the eleventh century; and the fove- reigns were called counts, then dukes, and afterwards kings of Puglia: but in iz8z, Peter Id. king of Arragon, caufed all the Normans to be malTacred ; and this maHTa- ere was called the Sicilian Vefpers. After this Puglia was joined to Sicily, whence the fovereigns have had the title of, The King of the Two Sicilies, for about «6o years pal. It has been called the kingdom of Naples, from the city of that name, which is the capital. The French entered it again in 1504, but were drivsii 5 way, and then it became under the dominion of Spain ; but the archduke Charles, afterwards the empe- ror CtiarlesVI. got pofTelTion of it in 1706. In 1736 it was given to Don Carlos, by the treaty of Vienna, who was lately in pof feflion of it, but is now king of Spain, and was fucceeded by his fecond Ton. This kingdom is a (ief of the church, and the king pays to the pope every year a purfe of 70,000 crowns of gold, and a white hack- ney. This kingdom is a fort of a penin- fula, and is bounded on three fides by the Mediterranean fea, and on the N. by the territory of the Church. It is about 150 miles in length, and 70 in breadth. The Appennine mountains crofs the wholecoun- try from £. to W. and divide it into andry« They plant their fields with Indian corn, of which tliey make bread, and another fmaU grain, no larger than a mu(\aid-feed, of which they brew their drink. They have no arts nor trades, for every one buildf his own houfe, and does his own work* They go naked, except a fliort apron to cover their nudities. They have caps mad^ of fallow, about nine or ten inches high, in which tiity refcmbie the Hottentots. The women have ihoii petticoats, which lea^h mei cut froi ma^ cha gen pie, Eng 7«.-. N A V down t6 the knee, and when it rains they coVer their bodies with a cow-hiHe. Both men and women have a piece of cow-hide cut in the form of a tail, which reaches from the watft to the ground. Every man may have as many wives as he can pur- chafe, for here they are all bought. In general, they are a very civil fort of peo- ple, and very kind to Ar:!ngers, as two Englilhmen experienced who were c»ft away upon the coaft, and had wives and cattle given them gratis. The land animals are elephants, lions, tygcrs, bullocks, hogs, rabbits, and many others. There are alfo abundance of fea-horfes of a monftrous fize, with hides like elephants. The ele- phants herd together in troops, of looo pr 1500 each. They are feen grazing in the morning and evening, but in the heat of the day they retire into the woods. They have alfo deer, and fowls of various kinds, as alfo a vaft number of birds, whofe names are unknown. • Natamgkk, or Natangf.rl and, a territory of Regal Pruflia, lying along the river Pregel. It is divided into four parts, Natangen Proper, Bartenland, Suda. via, and Galindia. Brandenburg is the ca- pital town. • Natolia, a country of Afia, for- merly called Afia Minor. It is the moft weflern part of Turky in Afia, and is a large peninfula, extending from the river Euphrates as far as the Archipelago, the Sea of Marmora, the Straits of Galipoli, and of Conftantinople. -thich feparates it from Europe on the W* It is bounded on the N. by the Black Sea, and on the S. by the Mediterranean. It is a vaft country, whofe air is temperate and wholefome, and the foil gf>jierally fertile. It is croffed by a chain of mountains, formerly called Tau. rus, fron E. to W. and waterfl by a great number of rivers. It comprehends Cari- mania, Albojulia, Amafia, and Natolia Pro- per, which fee^ • Natolia Proper, a province in Na- tolia, to which the Turks give the title of a beglerbeglic. It extends from the Black Sea to the mouth of the river Aly, and along the Medir^rrancsn Sea <«s far as the coaft of the Ide of Rhodes, comprehending moft of the wedern part of this peninfula. The towns are Cutay (the capital), Rourfa, Nicea, Scutari, Arguri, Magnefia, Smyrna, and Alilaizo. Navaxiko, a flrong, large,' and popu- lous town ofTurkyin Europe, in the Moiea, and in Belvidera, with an excellent, large harbour, defended by two forts Ir is feated on a hill near the fea, 8 miles N. £. of Mo- N A X c!on, and 1 7 K. W. of Coron. It it account* ed the bed town in the Morea. Lon. ai* 51. E. lat. 37. a. N, Nava r r t, a kingdom of Europe, lying between France and Spain, and divided into the Upper and Lower. The Upper belongs to Spain, and is bounded by th« Pyrenees, being about 75 miles in length, and 60 in breadth. The air is more mild, temperate, and wholefome, than in the neighbouring province of Spain ; and tho* a mountainous country is pretty fertile^ abounding in game of all forts, and in iron mines. The inhabitants are poHte, handy, lively, and laborious. It is divided into five diftriAs, whofe capital towns are Pam« peluna, Enella, Tudela, Olita, and St. Ciuefca. Lower Navarre belongs to France, and comprehends but one merindale, or d\(iti&, whofe capital is St. Jean Pitd- de- Porte. It is feparated from Spanifh Na« varre by the Pyrenees, and is a mountain- ous, barren country, about ao miles in length, and 12 in breadth. The Fiench king takes the title of king of Navarre from hence. Navarrxiks, atownofFrance,tnGaf- cony, and in the territory of Beam, feated on the river Gave, in a fertile plain, 1 6 miles S. E. of Bayonne. Lon. o. 45. W. lat. 43. ao. N. * Navenbv, a village in Lincolpfhirey with two fairs, on Auguft 18 and October 17, for horfes, (heep, and hogs. Navidad, a fea-port town of Mexico^ in N. America, and in the province of Me- choacan, feated on the S. Sea, 150 miles W« of Mexico, and fubjeA to Spain, Lon. no. o. W. lat. 19. o. N. NAtTMBURC, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, feated on the river Sala, 37 miles N. £. of Erforr, and 60 W. ofDrefden. Lon. 11. ao. E.lat. 51. iz. N. It is capital of the county of Saxe^Naum- burg, and fubjefl to a prince of the fj^me name. * Naumburg, the duchy of S^xe- ^aumburg, a fmali diftrift of Get.iany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and territory of Meifen, about 17 miles in length, and is in breadth. The principal town is of the fame name. * N A xyow, a town of Denmark, in the ide of Laland, with a harbour commodious for trade. Tti<:re is a plentiful ftfhery here, and the land produces fine paflures. It is 59 miles S. W. of Copenhagen. Lon, 11. 37* E, lat. $4, 50. N. Naxob, orNAXTA, aconfiderableifland of the Archipelago, *^ miles in length, and 88 in circumference. The whole ifland it f f f a covered N E A covered with orange, nlive, lemon, cedar, citron, pomegranate, 6g, and molberry trees ; and there are a great many fprings and brooks. T,his ifland has no) harbour, and yet they carry on a confiderable trade in barley, wine, figs, cotton, filk, flax, cheefe, fait, oxen, (heep, mules, and oil. They burn only oil of maflick, tho' olive- oil is exceeding cheap. It is inhabited both by Greeks and Latins, who live in great dread of the Turks } for when the meaneft of their /hips appear here, they always vre»r red caps like galley- flaves, and trem- ble before the loweft officer } but, as foon as they are gone, they put on their caps of iTilvet. The ladies are fo vain, that when they return out of the country, they have 40 women in their train, half on foot and half on a lorty of the Portuguefe, but was taken from them by the Dutch. The original na- tives are idolaters, and the faAory purchafe very little befides tobacco and long linen cloths ; however, the Dutch have buUt a fort here. It is ao miles S. of Trankabar. Lon. 79. 10. £. lat. ii* o. N. * Nkgoas, a large, populous illand of Afia, and one of the Philippines, lying be- tween Luzon and Mindanao. NcGOMao, a Tea- port town of AHa, on the W. coaft of the Ifle of Ceylon. It has a fort built by the Portuguefe, which was taken from them by the Dutch ia 1 640. Lon. 80. %s> W. lat. 7. 30. N. Nbgrais, a Tea- port town of Afia, in the peninfula beyond the Gani;e$, feated on the E. fide of the Bay of Bengal, 140 sniles W. of Pegu. Lon. 8s. 30. £. lat. 17. <). N. Necxkpclissx, a town of France, in Quercy, and in the diocefe of Montauban, feated on the river AviroUi with the title of 9 county, It was formerly fortified by the Huguenots, but the fortifications were dfi- moliflied in 16x1. NKCRiL-PoiNT,the moft wefterlypro- montory of the ifland of Jamaica, in Ame- rica. Nfcito-CAPK, a promontory of Africa, in Angola, and on the W. coaft thereof, being the moft foutherly country to which the Europeans ufually refort to purchafe flaves. Lon. 4. o. E. lat. 17. o. N. Negroks-Islano, an ifiand of Afia, and one of the Philippines, lying between thofe of Panay and Cebu. It is fubjeft to Spain. NxGROLAND, ot NiGRiTTA, IS a tra£l 9f land in Africa, through which the river Niger is fuppofed to run ; but this is uncer- tain. It has the f;reat defert calleal Zara on the N. and Wretches far to the S. but the inland parts are vefy little known. However, the Europeans have nMny fet- tlements on >he weftern coaft, and the Por- tuguefe have fome on the eallern, where they barter European goods for ilaves, gold- duft, and elephants teeth. Negropont, an ifland of Turky in Eu- rope, and the largeft in the Archipelago. It was anciently called Eubcea, and is near the N. coaft of Livadia, from which it is feparatea by a ftrait, over which there is a .bridge. It is about 90 miles in length, and 95 in breadth, though in Tome places much .narrower. The Turks took it from the .Venetiar.s in 1469. It abounds in corn, .wine, fruits, flefti, fiih, and fowla, and is ^remarkable for the irregularity of the tides, I NE L which however do not ri(e above a foot. Negropont, a large and flrong towfi of Turky in Afia, and capital of the ifland of that name, with a harbour, whivh it commonly the ftation of the Turkifh (hipt. The walls of the town, in which the Turks and Jews refide, are about two miles and an half in circumference, but the fuburbs, where the Chriftians live, are much larger. The captain- bafiiaw refideshere, whocom« mands the whole ifiand. The bridge, taken notice.of above, reaches from this city to the continent. It has a Crock archbifliop'S fee, and provifions here are very cheap. It was taken from the Venetians irl 1469, by the Turks, after fix months fiege, at the coft of 40,000 men. The Venetians at* tempted to retake it in 1688, without ef« feA, It is feated on a ftrait of the fame name, 30 miles N. E. of Setines or Athens, and z6o S. W. of Conftantinople. Lon. a4« 28. £. lat. 48. 30. N. • Nbhavanp, an ancient town of Afia, in Perfia, famous for a battle fought near it between the cailiff Omar and YezDegerd, king of Perfia, in 1638, when he loft that kingdom. It is 35 miles from Hatpadan* Lon. 65. 15. E. lat. 34. 10. N. NxiDENBURG, a townof Poland, in Re- gal Pruflia, and in a county of the fame name, with a caftle upon a mountain } feat- ed in a very delightful country. Nsissx, a handfome town of Germany, in Silefia. It is furrounded with thick walU and deep ditches, and moft of the iToufes are well built. The bifiiop of Breflaw ge- nerally refides here, and has a magnificent palace. The air is very wholefome, provi- fionr cheap, and the inhabitants carry on a confiderable trade in linens and wine. This place fufiered greatly in 1719, by an inundation, and a fire. It was taken by the Prufiians.in 1741, who augmented the fortifications after the peace in 174a, and built a citadel, to which they gave the name of Piuflia. It is feated on a river of the fame name, 35 miles S. E. of Breflaw, and 27 N. £. of Glatz. Lon. 17. 35. £• lat. 5c. 3x. N. Nriva, a river of Mufcovy, 011 which the city of Peterfbilrg is feated. It fcpa- rates Csrelia from Ingria, and running '"» falls ln!o (he gulph of Finland. It rifes from the lake Ladoga. Nellinburg, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and capital of the land- gravate of the fame name, to miles N. of Conft^ince, and. ao U. E. of Schaffhaufen. Lon. 8. 5. E. lat. 47. 59. N. Nelson, an Englifh fettlemen' in N. A- merica, on the W. fide of Hudfon's Bay, feated NE R ftated at the mouth of the river ^elfon, €oO miles N. W. of Rupert>fort, and 150 S. E. of Churchill-fort. It belongs to the Hodfon*s-Bay company, who carry on a great trade there in beaver and other (kins. Lon. 91. 5. W, lat. 57. 15. N. Kxi^i, a town of Italy, in the Campag- nla-di-Roma, with a magnificent palace. It is feated between Caftel Gandolpho and Vilitrl, near a fmall lake and a wood of the fame name. The firft is but 5 miles in cir> cumference, and was called Lacus Trivis, and the lad Lacus Diante. * NiMi> or Ndmico, a fmall river of Italy, in the Campagnia of Rome, which has its rife in a lake of the fame name, paiTes by Ardea, and afterwards falls into the fca. NiMOBA, a village of Turky in Europe, in the Morea, 28 miles S. of Corinth, famous for the Nemoean games celebrated bere. NsMOvas, a town of the Ifle of France, In the Gatinois, with the title of a duchy, and an old caftle. It is feated on the river Loing, ID miles from Fontainbleau, and 45 S. of Paris. Lon. a. 45. £. lat. 48. 15. N. •Naoc ASTRO, a fort of Turky in Eu- rope, and in Romania, feated in the middle of the Bofphorus, where the Turks always keep a good garrifon. It is 12 miles from Conftaminople. Lon. 28. 57. £. lat. 41. 18. N. * NioTS, St. a town of Huntingdon- shire, with a market on Thurfdays, and four fairs, on Holy-Thurfday, June 30, Au- guft I, and December 17, for all forts of fattle. It is a large, well- built town, feated on the river Oufe, over which there is a Aone-bridge, It is adorned with a hand- fome church, which has a fine fteeple, and the market is very confiderable. It is 17 miles W. N. W. of Cambridge, and 56 N. N. W. of London. Lon. o. zo. W. lat. 52. 10. N. * NtPi, an ancient town of Italy, in the Patrimony of St. Peter, with a bifliop's fee. It is feated on the river Tiiglia, to miles S. W, of Magliano, and 20 N. of Rome. Lon. 12. 17. E. lat. 41. 12. N. Nkrac, a handfome town of France, in Cafcony, with a large caflle, 10 miles W. cf Agen, and 380 S. by W. of Paris. Lon. o. 23. E. lat. 44. 10. N. NKR]ciA,a provinceof Sweden, bound- ed on the N. by WeAmania ; on the E. by Sunderland ; and on the S. W. by Goth- land. Orebo is the capital town, and the only confiderable place in it. * NcRiMSKoi, a ftrong town of Siberia, and capital of the province of Dauria, in Afia. It is pretty ftrong, is provided with NET ' feveral brafs guns, and has a large gafrlfoif of Daurian CofTacks. It is feated among high mountains, and yet there is low ground enough to feed a great number of camels, horfes, and cows. Here are great quanti- ties of red and white pionies, which have a fine fmell, befides rofemary, thyme, mar- joram, lavender, and fevcral unknown plants i but their only fruits are red and black currants. The people that live near it are all idolaters, and fubfift on tbeir cat- tle and fable hunting. They all live in hots compofed of poles fixed in the ground, and joined together at the top, where there is a hole to let out the fmoke, the fire being in the midft of the hut. Bot'i men and women drefs in the fame manne.', and both ride on horfeback. Their common drink is water, but the better fort have bohea-tea, which they boil in mares- milk and water. They have alfo a fert of fpirits drawn from mares milk, and their arms are bows and arrows. Lon. 116. 24. E. lat. 51, 30. N. Ncao, an ifland of Afia, in the E. In- dies, and the fecond of the Banda Iflands* The Dutch have a fort here, called Fort- NafTau, which ferves in part to command the navigation of thofe feas. They have large ferpents which are not venomous, and the mountains are covered with trees, in which are birds of a very fmgular kind. Lon. 139. 15. E. lat. 4. 30. N. * Nesle, a town of France, in Picardy, with the title of a marquifate. It is feated on the river Lingon, 8 miles N. E. of Roye, and 70 N. by £. of Paris. Lon. a. 59. E.lat. 49. 45. N. Netherlands, a large country of Eu- rope, anciently called Belgic-Gaul, and comprehended all that traft of land lying between the Rhine, the Maefe, and the Schelde, frem the ocean as far as Alface. In the 5th century the Francs, a people of Germany, coming to fettle in Gaul, founded a new kingdom to which they gave the name of France, but the country we are now fpeaking of was not comprehended therein. In the 9th century the fons of the emperor Lewis the Pious having divided the dominions of their father among themfelves, for he pofTefTed Germany, France, and Ita- ly i a new kingdom was formed, compre- hending Germany and France, which ex- tended fiom the Mediterranean Sea to the Ocean, and contained a part of the Nether- lands. It was called Lotharia, but did not long fubfiff, for it was foon divided into two, and that feated near the Mediterranean called the kingdom of Burgundy } while the other to the N. had the name of Auftra- fiai Neither did this laft continue long, it being NET fcein{ divided into fmall provinces under ^lifferent names, which ftill depended on the empire of Germany, and were called Lower Germany. In procefs of time the houfe of Burgundy purchafed many of them, and was about to form them, with Burgun* 4ly, into a kingdom } but Charles the Hardy, Che laft duke of Burgundy, being killed by the Swifs in 1477, his part of the Nether- lands fell to his daughter Mary, having no male ifl'ue, and (he marrying the emperor Maximilian, the Netherlands fell to the houfe of AuAria. Some time after the em- per Charles V. re-united them all under the title of the circle of Burgundy, making it a part of the Roman empire. This circle was then compofed of 17 provinces, name- ly, Brabant, Limburg, Luxemburg, Guel- derland, Flanders, Artois, Hainault, Hol- land, Zealand, Namur, Zutphen, Friefland, Mechlin, Utrecht, Overyffel, Groningen, and Antwerp. After his death his dominions were divided between his brother Ferdinand I. and his fon Hhilip II. fo that the Nether- lands fell to the fhare of Philip, and united to Spain. This monarch was defirous of founding a fifth monarchy, and made choice of the Netherlands to begin his proje£l. But forefeeing that he could not make this coun- try a feat of war by fea and land, while the inhabitants enjoyed their ancient privileges, he undertook to deftroy them. For this purpofe he feat the duke d'Alba, well . known for his cruel difpofition. This duke went from place to place, erercifing unheard of cruelties, in order to obtain his ends After he had murdered above 100,000 peo- ple, and had executed near 1000 by the hands of the common hangman, feven of thefe provinces were determined to throw off the yoke, and an agreement was made at Utrecht in 1579. Spain endeavoured for 70 years together to reduce them to their pbediencp. but all in vain ; and from this time the Seven United Provinces became a free and independent republic, which was confirmed by the treaty of Weftphalia in 1648. After all thefe viciiTitudes the Ne- therlands had yet another to come, which happened at the death of Charles II. king of Spain, in 1700 ; for then the Spanish pro vinces fell to the Oiare of the houfe of AU' ftria, and thence came the denomination of the Auflfi^n Netherlands and the Unitpd Province;. To the Auftrians belong the . bounties of Artois, Flanders, Hainault, ^nd Namur, the duchies of Lu](emburg, Lim burg, Guelderland, Brabant, and Mechljn, as alfo the marquifate of Antwerp } which fee in their proper places. The French have 4|lfo (ome ^m of the NetherMnds. The N E U Netherlands in general are bounded hf tfi* N. Sea, which gives the inhabitants th« means of trading to all parts of the world { on tlie E. by Germany, Well-Friefland, the territories of M under, Cleves, Juliers, and Triers ; and on the S. by France and Lor- rain. As the fltuation is dangerous, they have raifed up dykes on the fide of the fea, and on the other fide ar^ numerou* fortrefTca to oppofe the invafion of their enemies. It is about 300 miles in length on the fide of the ocean, and about 140 on the S. fide } it full of large, cities, towns, and village*, which put it upon a par with the largefi kingdoms. The harbours are not fo deep as might be expeAed, on account of the tide, which brings in large quantities of fand, mud, and (hells ; befides, it is fo cold, that they are frozen up in the winter* In this country there is an inlet of the ocean, 75 miles in length, and 250 in cir« cumference, called the Zuyder-zee, and within this the merchant- fhips take in their loading. The principal rivers are, the Schelde, the Maefe, the Rhine, and the Mo- felle. The Audrian Netherlands are about 100 miles in length, and 150 in breadth, and the air temperate, being neither too hot nor too cold. The foil produces no wine, but a great deal of corn and rich paftures,as well as feveral fine fruits. There are fcarce any hills, but very fine forefts, which fup* ply wood for building, and fuel. In fine weather it is a good country to travel in, for you are fcarce out of one city but you are near another ; but in the rainy feafon, the roads are almofl impafTable. In feveral places they cultivate a great deal of flax and hemp, and have fine manufactures of linen and lace, particularly lawns, cambrickt* Mechlin and BrulTels lace. They alfo make very rich tapeflry, and have ftill good woollen manufactories, efpecially camblets and light ftuffs. Their numerous rivers and navigable canals are of great advantage to trade, as the carriage is fo exceeding cheap. This country has often been the theatre of war, which has not had fuch ter- rible confequences as in other places, for the inhabitants always grow the richer by it* Their principal application is to trade, and there is fcarce a city or town which has not very flourishing manufadlures. * NfTTVMo, a handfome town of Ita- ly, in the Campagnia of Rome. It is but thinly peopled, though feated in a fertile foil, and the inhabitants are almoft all hunt* ers. It ftands at the mouth of the river Loracina, 15 miles S. of Vilitri, and 17 C* of Rome. Lon. ix. 57, E. lat. 41. 30. N* NxveuKc, a handfome town of Cernui- •I N E V hj, capital of a duchy of the fame name, in the dominions of the elcAor Palatine, fcated on the Danube, 5 miles W. of Ingol- Aadr, and 45 N. by W. of Munich. Lon. SI. 5. E.lat. 48. 40. N. NcuBURO,' a town of Germanyi in the Brifgau, feated near the Rhine, between Bafle and Brifac, \% miles N. of the former, and as much S. of the latter ; fubje£l to the boufe of Auftria, Lon. 7. 4a. £. lat. 47. 54. N. * Nevborc, a town of Germany, in Lower AuQria, feated on the Danube, 5 miles from Vienna, with a famous mona- flery. Lon 16. 47. E. lat. 48. 10. N. * NcuBuan, a town of Get many, in the. duchy of Winemburg, feated on (he fiver Entz, with a ca(Ue, a 5 miles W. of Stutgard. Lon. 9. 36. E. lat. 48. 5. N. NtuEVRC, a town of Germant, in the circle of Bavaria, and capital of the duciy of the fame name, fubjcA 'o theeleAor Fa latine. It is a 8 miles N E. of Augfbutg, and 40 S. W. of Ratifbon. Lon. 10. 15. E. lat. 48. 45- N. * NavBuRC, a ftrong town of Den- mark, on the eafiern coaA of the itti of Tunen. It is very famous for its harbour, and is 53 miles S. W o Copenhagen Lon SI. I. £. iat. 55. 30. N. NeuBURC, a town in Polidi Pruilia, in XittlePomerania, having the river Weic (h^l on one iidc, and morales on the other. It was taken by the Burghers in 1458, who drove out the PoUHi Kariifon, and admitted the knights of Jerufalem ; but was taken from them by the Poles m 1464. * Naaauao, the duchy of, in Germa> ny, and in the circle of Bavaria, about 50 miles in length on the fide of the river Da- nube, and about 8 in breadth. The capi- tal town is of the fame name. This is the weftern part, but the eatUrn lies between Bavaria and the Upper Palatinate ; is about 17 miles long, and as much broad, blit has no remarkable town, there being nothing but villages. Nf.u START, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Wirtembur?, feated on ihe ri- ver Rocher, la miles N. E. of Hailbron. Lon 9. 30. £. lac. 49. zo. N. NivERs, a confiderable town of France, and capital of Nivernois, in Orleanois, with , the title of a duchy, an ancient caftle, and a bifhop's fee. It is built in the form of an amphitheatre, and contains feveral fine buildings. It is feated on the river Loir, over which there is an handfome bridge, and at the end of it a fine, large caufeAray, reaching to the town. It is 15 miles N. of Moulioes, and 75 S. £. of Orleans. Lon NE U 3. V4' !• bt. 4<. 59. N. NivrcHATTtAv, a town of the Ao^ fttian Netherlands, in the province of Lux- emburg, 20 miles N. E. of Sedan. Lon. 3. ao. £. lat. 50. o. N. • NavrcHATTKAV, a town of France, in Lorrain, and capital ef the chatellcni^ of Chatenoi. It is an handfome, populous, trading town, having an abbey of the nuns of St. Clair, a commandery of Malta, and feveral convents of nionks and nuns. It ia feated in a bottom, in a foil fertile in corn, wine, and all the neceflfaries of life, on th« river Mouzon, 15 miles S. W of Nanci, and 1 50 E. by S. of Paris. Lon. 5. 45. E.lat. 48. 10. N. NturcHATTii, a foverei(>n county of Swifleriand} bounded on the W. by the Franc, e Comte; on the N. by the biftiop- rick of Bafle j and on the £. and S. by the cantons of Bem and Friburg ; is about 40 miles in length, and 10 in breadth. It had liS own counts for a long time, and the lad of ihefe dyipg in 1694, without iflue, it came to Mary of Orleans, duchefs of Ne- mours, his only fifter, who died without iifue in 1703 } there were then 1 3 competi- tors, bur, at an aHembly of the States in 1707, they unanimouily chofe the king ef Piuflia tor their fovercign, who has placed a governor therem. It is well peopled, and contains three cities, one town, 90 villages, and about 3000 ^oufes, difpeifed in the mountains. The inhabitants are all Pro- te(\ants, except two Roman Catholick vil- lages, and in 1 529 they entered into a flriA alliance with the cantons of Bern, Friburg, Soleure, and Lucern. The air is healthy and temperate, but the foil not every where equally fertile ; however, there are large vineyards, which produce white and red wine, which laft is excellent. The paflures on (he mountains feed a great number of all forts of cattle, and there are plenty of deer in the forefts, befides large trouts, and other good fiih in the lakes and rivers. The peo- ple are ingenious, polite, a£live, induftii* ous, and laborious. NEurcHATTEL, an handfome town of SwifTerland, capital of a county of the fame name. There are feveral ancient ruins near it, which (hew its former extent, and there are two large churches, befides a caftle, wliere the governor refides. It is feated on a lake of the fame name, 17 miles in length, and 5 in breadth, and the fide of the har* hour is the ufual walk of the inhabitants. It has a grand and little council ; the firft is compofed of 40 perfons, with two maflers of the keys ; the little council confifts of 24 members, comprehending the mayor, who U N E U ' II prefldtnt. Thefe two cotincili anVmble regularly every month. The ecclefianics likewife aflemble once a month, to conrult on affairi belonging to the church, and to fill up the places of miniAcrs that die. They chufea dean every year, who is prefldent of the general aflemblies, which are called clalTet, and fometimes he it confirmed in this dignity. It is 37 miles N. of Laufanne, and 15 W. of Bern. Lon. 7. 10, E. lat 47. 5 N. NtorcRATTSL-KK-BRAY) a town of France, in Normandy, and in the territory of Bray j commodioufly feated on the river Arques, to miles S. E. of Dieppe, and 75 N. W. of Paris. Lon. i. 30. E. lat. 49 45< N. *NiuHAo«,a ftrong town of Bohemia, in the circle of Bechin, with a caflle. Lon. 14. XI. E. lat. 49. 8. N. Nkuhavsbl, a fmall, but very ftrong town of Upper Hungary ; fe«ied on the ri- ver Neytrfecht,' in a madhy plain, 15 miles N. of Komora, and 31 S. E. of Prefborg. Lon. 18. 35. £. lat. 48. i.N. NiviN, or Nbwin, a town of N.Wales, in Camarvonftiire, feated on the (hore of the Irifli Sea, oppofite Pulhelly. It has a fmall marlcet, and three fairs, on April 4, Saturday before Whitfumide, and Auguft .a 5, for cattle. It is as miles S. W. of Car- narvon, and ti4 N. W. of London. Lon. 4. 4$. W. lat. ;}.. o. N. Nsvis, an ifl^nd of America, and one of ,the Caribbees, di«^ded from the E. end of St. Chriftopher's bj a narrow channel. It ■ has but one mounta.n, which is in the mid- dle, very high, and covered with large trees up to the top. Here are fprings of fre(h wa- ter aod a hot bath, much of the fame nature as thofe of'Bath in England. It is a fmall ifland, but very fruitful; and the colony of .(he Englifh. Lon 6s. o. W. lat. 17. 30. N. * NivMAaie, a town of Germany, in Silefia,,and in the principality of Breflau, 3t miles S. E. of Lignitz, and 15 W. of Breflau. Lon. 7. o. E. lar. 51. 5. N. NeusTADT, a town of Germany, In Wagria, feated on the Baltic Sea. Lon. II. 3. E.>lat. 54. 19. N. Neustadt, a town of Germany in the duchy of Mechlenbutf , feated near the river £ib. Lon. la.o. S. lat. 53. 38.N. / NavsTADT, a to*rn of Oermaify, in Lowe' Auftria, with a bifliop's fee, a mag- ■iiicent caftis, an arfenii, and a very hand- fome parlt. It is 30 miles S. of Vienna, and 5 $ N. E, of Grata. Lon. 1 7. o. E, lat. 47. 48. M. NavsTAST, a town of Ofrmany, in NEW Pranconia, and in the birhoprtcic of Wirt<« burg, feated on the river Sale. Lon. lo. 35. E. lat. 49. 34. N, Neujtadt, a town of Germany, in tfia circle of Lower Saxony, and duchy of Brunfwick^Lunenburg, with a ArongcaAle, 15 miles N. W. of Hanover4 Lon. 9. 48* £. lat. $t. 34. N. NavsTADT-AN-Din-HART, a towA of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine^ feated on a fmall chain of mountains, t miles N . of Landau. Lon. 9. 1 5. E, lat. 49* ao. N. * NtvTitLiR, a fmall town of Franct, in Alface, feated at the foot of a high moun* tain. Lon. 7.17. E. lat. 48. xa. N. Newark - uroN 'TaKnT, a town ct . Nottinghamfhire, with a market on Wed« nefdays, and -- kets, on Tuefdays and Saturdays, and two _ lairs, in Auguft for nine days, and on Oc- tober 29. for nine days, for horned cattle, horfes, (heep, hogs, linen, and woollen clo'h; and vaiious other goods. It is feated en the N. bank of the river Tyne, over which there is a biidge, and on the S. fide ^ of a confiderable afcent. It is a corporation, ^ containing fot)r parilh - churches, befides ., one at Gatefliead, and has an handfome ex- . change, and a cuftom-houfe. Itisfurrounded with a ftiong wall, through which there are fevcn gates, and had a caftle, now in ruins. It is rich, populous, and carries on ' a jreat trade both by fea and land } but it is principally noted for its coals, with which ,^ it toads many thoufand (hips in a year, for London and other parl>-. It is 14 miles N. , of Durham, 94 N. of York, and 276 N. by „ V. of London. It fends two membars to |>arliamenr. Lon. I. 10. W. lat. 5;. o. N. * NtwcHUKCH, a village in Lancadiire, wLihtwofairf, on April 29. and September 30, for. horned cattle and Hieep. * Newenden, a village in Kent, with one fair, on July i, for pedlars waie. * Nbwenham, a village in Kent, with one fair, en June 29, for linen and toys. * NewtHT, a town of Gloucefterlhire, wi'h a nnarket on Fiidays, and four fairs, on Wednefday before Eafter, Wednefday betcre Whitfuntidc, Augufl r, and Friday after Septc mbcr )i, for cattle, hoifes, and checfe. It is feated near a branch of the NEW Severn, 8 miles N. W. of Olouccflcr, mi 104 W. N. W. of London. Lon. a. 10. W. lat. 51. 57. N. * Nawr IDLER. Sea, a lake in Hunga- ry, 17 miles in length, and 6 in breadth, 18 miles E. S. E. of Vienna, and 10 S. by W. of Prelburg. NrwFoaEsT, a part of Hampfhirf , ly- ing on the Engliih channel, oppofite to tha Ifle of Wight. It was made by William the Conqueror, who caufed 36 churches, and all the houfes belonging thereto, to be pulled down, that there might be no obftruAion in hunting the game. It is now appropriated by »€t of parliament for the produAion of oaks, to be employed in building the royal navy. Newfovndlamd, a large ifland lying on the eaHern coaft of N. America, between 47 and 52 def^iees of latitude. It is a mountainous, barren country, and is much colder than England, being covered with fnow five months in the year. It feems to have no inhabitants of its own, but in the fummer-time is vifited by a kind of favaget called Eikimaux, who are of a different race from the other Americans. However, it has feveral commodious bays and har- bours, and there are 4 or 500 Englifli fa- milies who continue there all the year, be- fides the garrifons of St. John's, Placentia, and other forts. In the fifhing-feafon it n reforted to by at lead io,oo« people every year, on account of the fifhing banks to the £. of this ifland, for here they cure the cod, which is carried not only to England, but to all parts of Europe. It is 350 miles in length from N. to S. and 200 in breadth, ^t the bafe, from E. to W. There is great plenty of venifon, fi(h, and fowls, but very little corn, fruit, or cattle, upon which ac- count the inhabitants have not only their cloaths and furniture, but proYifions from England. * NswHATEN, a town of Suflfex, whofe market is difufed, but lias one fair, on Oc* tober ao, for pedlars ware. It is feated at the mouth of the river Oufe, and is a fmall place, chiefly inhabited by maritime people. It has a quay on the E. fide, where (hips may ride fecure in fowl weather. It is 7 miles S. of Lewes, and 57 S. of London. Lon. o. 2. E. lat. 50. 58. N. * Newhavxn, a village in Derbyfhire, with one fair, on OAober 30, for fheep, cat- tle, and horfes. * Ncwi'cK, a vill;^e in Sufifex, with one fair, on June i, for cattle and pedlars ware. N E v: M A R K, a town of Tranfilvania, feat- ed on the river Merifh, 40 miles N. of Clau- fcnburg; NEW fenbarg { fubjedl to th« houfe of Auftria. Lon. «3. aj. E. lat. 47. 35. N. Nbwmark, a town of Germany, in thf palatinate of Bavaria, p mile* N. W. of Ratifbon Lon. 11. 30 E. lat. 49. «o. N. Newmakxet, a town partly in Cam - bridgefhire and partly in Suffolic, witti a market on Thurfday!;, and two fairs, on Whit-Tuefiay, and Oaober *8, for horfet and fheep. it conlilts of one well built ftreet, feated upon the great road, and full of inni It hat one {laiifh in Suffolk, and another in Cambridgdhire, but tue market- place and all the ftreet i* in Suffolk. It i« chiefly noted for its horfe-iacei It ii 14 miles E. of Cambridge, and 60 N. by E. of London. Lon. o 15. E. lat. 53. 16. N. * Nkwmarket, a fmall town ot Flint- ihire, in N. Wales, 4 miles N, E. of St. Afaph, with 4 fairs, viz, on the laft Satur- day in April, the t'lird Saturday in July, the fourth Saturday in Oflober, and the fe- cond Saturday in December, all for cattle. Nbwnham, a town in Gloucellcrfhire) with a market on Fridays, and two fairs, on June 11, andOAober iS, for hoifes and fheep. It is a corporation, and feated on the W. fide of the Severn, 8 miles S. W. of Gloucefter, and 106 W. N. W.of London. Lon. z. s8. W. lat. ;i. 4S. K. Newport, a town of HampOiire, in the Ifle of Wight, with two markets, on Wed- nefdays and Saturdays, and one fair, on Whit- Monday, for horfes and toys. It is feated almof) in the middle of the ifland, and is a large, populous, and well fre- quented town, governed by a mayor and burgeffes, and fends two members to par- liament. It has one church, built with Aone, and four ftreets, which are paved, and contain about 500 houfes, built with brick and ftone. The number of the people amounts to about asco, but it has no ma- nufa£lory. It is 4 miles from the channel, which feparates it from the main land, and fmall vefTels come up the creek to the very quay, which is of great advantac;e to its trade. It is 17 miles S. of Southampton, and S5 S. W. of London. Lon. i. aj. W. lat. 50. 50. N. Newport, a town in Shropftiire, with a market on Saturdays, and four fairs, on Saturday before Palm-Sunday, May aS, and July 27, for horned cattle, horfes, and Iheep; and on December 10, for the fame, and fat cattle j is feated on a plain, near the borders of StafTordfhire, and has a hand- fome free-fchool and a market-houfe ; 17 miles E. of Shrewfbury, and 1 34 N. W. of London. Lon. a. 26. W. lat. 52. 45. N. « MxwroiTi a town of Monmouth^ire, i NEW with a market on Saturday*, and faurTsIrt^ VIZ. on Hol/.Thurfday, Wliit Thurrday, Aug. 15, and Nov. 6, for cattle. It is feaed on the nver Ulk, over which thera is an handfome bridge ; and hai a good harbour, or port, from whence it has itt name) it had a (Irong caflle, which is nivr rtemolilheJ ; is 19 mtirs S. S. W. of Mon- mou>h, and 1 $ 1 W. by N. of LonJon« Lon* 3. o. W, lat. 51. 40. N. NiwpoRT, a town of Pembrokefhire, in S. Wales, with a maiket on Saturdays, and one fair, on July ty, for cattle, boriet, and fheep. It is feated at the tout of a high hill, and near the fea-fhoie, and has an handfome church, and the ruins of a caftle. It is governed by a maynr, la aldermen, a recorder, two bailiffs, and fix conftables. The Neveru, a fine navigable river, runt by the end of the town, and empties itfelf into Brif)ol channel. It is 18 miles N. E. of St. David's, .ind too W. N. W. of London. Lon. 4. 50. W. lat. 5s. 6. N. Nrwport, a town of Cornwall, whofe market is difufed, nor has it any fairs ; but fends two members to parliament. It it IX miles W. of Launcefton, and 208 W. by S. of London. Lon. 4. 45. W. lat. 50. 40, N. Newport, a fea«port town of the Au* ftrian Netherlands, in Flanders, 6 miles N. £. of Fumes, and 16 N. E. of Dunkirk. It was taken by the French in 174;, but wat' rendered back after the treaty of Aix-la-Cha* pelle. Lon. a. 40. E. lat. 51. 18. N. * NtwpoR T, a villagein EfTex, with two fairs, on EaiterTuefday, and Nov. 17, for horfes. Newport-Pacnbl, a town of Buck* inghamfliire, with a market on Saturday*, and four fairs ; viz. on April aa, June aa* Odt. at, and Dec. ai, for cattle It is feated on the river Oufe, over which it has twa biidees, and noted for the bone-lace mado here. It has an old church, and two mcet- mg-houfes, and the ftieeis arc pretty well paved. It it 14 miles E, N. E. of Bucking- ham, and 54 N. N. W. of London. Lon. o. ' 50. W. lat. s*. 5. N. Newsol, a town of Upper Hungary* with a large caAle. It is a handfome place, and at its upper and f^andt an hand* fome tower. In the cattle is a church, co- vered with copper, and in it many figures of carved wood, and fome reliques. Near this town are the greatefl cupper mines in all Hungary ; but the ore, after it is taken out of the mine, it melted 14 times before it is fit for ufe. It is feated on the river Grain, over which there is a wooden bridge, 10 m^es N, of ChremnitZj attd 50 N* Ggs» B. of N I B X. of L«opolftadt. Lon. 1 9. 49. t. lat, 48. ]0. N. Nbwtok, a town of Lancathiie, with a maiket on Satu'dayt, and two fairt{ viz. on May 17, and Aug, it, for liorfti, horn •d eattie, and toya. It it an inconfulcrable place, though it fends two members to par- liament i is 5 mile* N. of Warrinitton, and 187 N^W. of London. Lon, a. 3a. W. lat. 53- JO. N, NawroN, a town of Montf»omeryfhlre, in N. Wales, with a market nn Tuefdays, l^nd (iva fairs} viz. on the la^ Tuefday in March, June a4, jafl Tuefday in Auguf), 0&. a4, and Dec. i6« for fhecp, horned cattle, and horfes. It is Tested on the river Severn, 7 miles S. W. of Montgomery, and 187 W. N. W. of London. Lon. 3. ao. W/ lat. $a. 36. N. Nkwtok, a town of Hampfhire, in the Ifle of Wight, whofemaiket is difufed } but it hat one fair, on Jaly sa, for horfes and toyi, and fends a members to parliament. Jt is 14 miles S. of Southampton, and 89 miles W. by S, of London. ,Lon. i, 35. W. lat. 50. 40. N. * Niwton-Abiot, a village in Devnn- (hire, with three 'fairs j viz. on June a4, for horned cattle} on the firft Wednefday in September, for cheefe } and on Nov. 6, for woollen-cloth. * NcwTON-ParpLKTORO, a village in Devonfhirpf with one fair, on 0£t. 18, for ipattlo. NiYtAND, a town in Suffolk, with a market on Fridays, and one fair, on 0£l. 2, for horfes, cattle, and toys. It is feated on the river Stour, in a rich bottom, and has a woollen manufaQure. It is 16 miles S. W. of Ipfwich, and 54 N. E. of London. Iion. o. 55. E. lat. 5a. 5. N. Sis rraACHT, a town of Tapper Hungary, capital of a coii.nty of the fame name, with A bifltop'ii fee } fei^ted on the river Neitia, 40 miles N. C. of Pkcfburg. Lon. 19. o. £, lat. 48. a8. N. * NiAGABA, a confiderable river of N. America, in the count,>-y of thelroquois. It proceeds from the Lake Erie, and runs to the Lake Ontatio. In this river is a large Catara^, faid to be the gr:atert in the v;ork), and that the mifl which dns occafions may be feen at 15 miles diflarice} but this is a ffcat miAai{( : however, the waters fall from a rock 140 feet high, and makea noife like thunder heard at a gruat distance. There M>ao 9 Hrong fort built on this ri W. of P4rm^. ♦-on. N T d 10. o E. lat. 45. $. N« •'.•.' t .. .♦ 'i- NicARAooA, a large river of S. Am** rica, in a province of iIm fame name, whofe weAern extremity lies within $ miles of the S. fea. It IS full of dttadful cataraAs, and falls at length into the N. fea. Nicaragua, a maritime province of K, America, in Meiico, bounded on the N. by Honduras, on the E. by the N. fea, on the S. E. by Cofta Ricca, and on thf S. W. by the S. fea, being 400 miles in Icnitth from E- to W. and 110 in breadth from N. toS. It is one of the moll fruitful and agreeable provinces in Mexico, and ii well watered with lakrs and rivers. The air ia wholefome and tempera'e } and this coun> try produces plenty of fufar, cochineal, and fine chocolate. One of the lakes is 100 miles in circumferencs, has an iHand in tho midriie, and, as fome fay, has a tide. Leon de Nicaragua is the capital town. NicARiA, an ifland of the Archipelago, between Samoa and Tine, about 50 milea in circumference. A chain of high moun* tains run through the middle, covered with wood, and fupply the country with fprings* The inhabitants are very poor, and of the Greek communion } however, they have a little wheat, and a good deal of barley, figs, honey, and wax. Nic ASTRO, an epifcopal town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Far« ther Calabria: 16 miles S; of Cofenza. Lon. 15. 59. E. lat. 39. 15. N. Nice, an ancient, handfome, and confi- dei able town on the confines of France and Italy, and capital of a county of the fame name, with a Arong cit^.dJ, a bifhnp's fee, and a fenate, which is a kind of a demo- cracy. It has been fcveial times taken by the French, and ltd of all in 1744, but rendered back after the treaty of Aix-la* Chapelle. It is very af;reeab|y fituated, four miles from the mouth of the river Var, 83 miles S. by W. of Turin, and 83 £. of Aix* Lon. 6. iz, E. lat. 43, 4*. N. Nice, a, county and province in the dominions of the duke of Savoy, bounded on the £. by the territory of Genoa and Proper Piedmonr, on the N. by the marqui* fate of Saluces and Dauphiny, on the W, by Provence and the Mediterranean fea, and on the S, by the principality of Monaco. The inhabitants fupply Genoa with a great deal of timber for building (hips, and carry on a great trade in linen cloth, paper, oil, wine, and honsy. Nice is the capital town. Nick, an ancient town of Afla, in Na- tolia, now called Ifnick, with a Greek arch- bifhop's fee. It ia fanious fqr the general council vc It] bul Sel » but four >f Aix. N I C tfMmdf affiimblH h«r« in ]«$. who «n(Ici* wourvd to fupprtfk th« doQrines of Ariui. It was fornMrly ■ large, populoux, well- iNiilt place, and now is not inconAderable. SeeliHic. * NicNABVBO, a townofPerfla, and thelarged and moft rich of CorafTin, famoui for a mine of Turkiflt ftoncs in its neigh- bourhood. It is 37 miles from MeAied. Lon. 57. 17. E. lat. 35. ao.N. Nicholas, St. a town of Franco, in Lorrain, with a handfomo chvrch, dedicated to St. Nicholas, to which they go in pil- grimace from all parts. It is feared on the river Meurte, 5 miles S. E. of Nanei, and 1I5 E. of Paris. Lon. 6. *$. £. iaC. 48 40. N. Nicholas, St. a fea-port town ofRof- fla, in the province of Dwina, feated at the mouth of the river Dwina, on the White Sea, 6 miles S. of Archangel. Lon. 41. o. S. lat. 64. o. N. • Nicholas, St. a village of Glamor- ganfhire, in S. Wales, with ont fair, on Nov. 6, for cattle. "' NicxLBsauae, a handfome town of Germany, in Moravia, with a ftrong caf- fie, which commands it, S7 miles N. of Vienna. Lon. 16. %i. E. lat. 48. 47* N. NicoBAR Islands, the name of feveral idands in Afia, lying at the entrance of the gulph of Bengal. The natives are tall and well'proponioned, with long faces, black eyes, black lank hair, and dark copper- co« loured (kins. They are faid to be a harm* lefs good fort of people, and go quite naked, except a cloth to hide what decency would conceal. They have not much religion, for they have neither temples nor idols } nor does there feem to be any great fuperiority among them. They are excellent fwimmers, and fometimes vnill overtake fhips under fail. They live in little huts, having no towns, and the country is almofc covered with wood. They have no corn, but a fruit which ferves them inftead of bread, and they catch plenty of fiflt. They are ready to fupply the (hips that ftop there with provifions, for they have hogs and poultry enough; and in return they take iron, li- nen, and tobacco. They are 300 iniks from the peninfula beyond the Ganges. TIk largeA of thefe iHands, vhich gives name to the reft, is about 40 miles in length, and 15 In breadth, Nicolas, St. an ifland oi che 4tlan* tic ocean, and one of the moft coM^-*«rable of thofe of Cape de Verde ; ano ties be- tween Santa-Lucia and St. j^tgo. H is of a triangular figure, and abcuv ts miles in kn((h« The land is ilony mcuntainous, N I C and barren ; but there are a great it umt i e t of goats in a town of the fame name, m • valley inhabited by the Portugucfe. Lon. J J. 35. W. lat. 17. c. N. * NicOLO, St. is themoA confiderable* ftrongeft, and beft peopled of the idcK of Tremeii, in the gulph of Venice, to the E, of St. Domino, and to the S. of Capparata. It has a harbour, defended by feveral tow- ers, and a fortrefs, in which is an abbey* with a very handfome church. Lon. 1 5* 37. E. lat. 4a. 7. N. NicoMBDiA, a town of Turky in AAa,' in Natolia, now called Ifchmit, or Schmit. It was formerly a very large place, as ap- pears by the ruins, and now containa 30,000 inhabitants, who confiO of Greeks, Armenians, aad Turks. The ruins of the ancient ftru6lures and fine palaces are vety confiderable ; however, it is Hill a place of confcquence, and carries on a trade in fllk, cotton, glaCi, and earthen ware. It is tli« fee of a Greek archbifhop, and is 35 milei N. W. of Ifnic, and 50 S. t. of Conftanti- nople. Lon. 29. 53. E. lat. 40. 46. N. NicoroLt, atownofTurky in Europe, and in Bulgaria, famous for being the place where the firft battle was fought between the Turks and the Chriflisns in 1396 ) and where the emperor Sigifmund loft the day. and had 10,000 meivkilled. It is feared on the river Danube, 3 $ miles S. W. of Rottig* and 150 N. W. of Adrianoplc. Lon. 25. 33. E. lat. 43. 46. N. * N1COPOL1, or G IAN I SH, an ancient town of A(ia, in Armenia, built by Ponipef the Great, on the river Cerauna, 165 milet from Erzerum, and at; from Cogni. Lon. 37. 55. E. lat. 38. 15. N. Nicosia, a ftrong town of Afia, and capital of the ifland of Cyprus, where a Turkifh ba(haw refides ; delightfully feated between (he mountain Olympui and a chain of other mountains. It was formerly well fortified by the Venetians, but now the works are in ruins. It is about 31 mile< in circumference ; and there are plantations oi olives, almonds, lemons, oranges, mul- berries, and cyprefs tiees* interfperfed among the houfes, which give the town a delightful appearance. The church of Sandla Sophia is an old Gothic ftruAnre, which the Turks have turned into a mofque, and deftroyed the ornaments. It is 100 miles W. of Tripoli, and 160 S.W. of Alcp« po, Lon, 33. 35. E., lat. 35. I. N. N I COT BR A, a fea-port town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Farther Calabria, with a biflio{>*» fee ; 35 miles N. E. of Rt^ggio, and 1 8 5 S. E. of Naples. Loa» 16.24. E. lat }S« 35- N> 1 NlCOVAf li NIE . 1lic*YA« a town of N. America, fn Mew Spain, feated on the coaft of the S. ftea^ at the bottom of a bay, 4; tnilei S. y/. of Nicaragua. Lon. 88. o. W. lat. 10. * NiDAu, or NiDow, an handfome town of Swiflferland, and capital of a baili> wick of the fame name, in the canton of Bern, with an handfome caftle. The fitu- ation i& Inw on tlie Lake Bicnna, 1 5 milea V. W. of Bern, and 60S. W. of Zurich. * NiBBLA, an ancient town of Sp^in, in Andaiufia, feated on the Ria Tinto, 40 miles W. of SeviHe. Lon. 5. 50. W. lat. 37. ao. N, * Ni£MBCZ, aftrongtownof Molda- via, on the confines of TranAlvania, be- tween Socozwa and Croftandi, being 25 miles from each. Lon. x6. 56. E. lat. 46. 5S. N. NiKMtK, a large river of Poland, which rifes in Lithuania, where ir paflTes by Bieli' -ca, Grodno, and Konnv*): it afterwards runs through part of Samogitia, and Ducal Pruflia, where it falls into the lake called theCurirch-hafT, by feveral mouths, of which the moft northern is called the Rufs, being the name of a town it pafTes by. *Nii.MBUBG, a rich and ftrong town of Germany, in the duchy of Brunfwick-Lu- nenburg, with a ftrong caftle. it carries on a considerable trade in corn and wool, and i& feated in a fertile foil on ti>« river We- fer, 30 miles M. W. of Hanover, and 37 S. E. of Bremen* Lon. 9. x6, E. lac. 5*. 44. «. * NiBM CL0STt>,a town of Germany, in Lower Saxony, in the bifhoprick of Schwerin, 3 milcii E. of Wifmar Jt is the chief ot a bailiwick, and was ceded to the Swedes by the treaty of Weftphalia. NieNHDis, a town of Germany, in WeAphalia, and in the biftioprick of Pader- born, feated on the river Lippe, so miles £. of Lipi^eftadt. Lon. 8. zj. E. lat. 51. 40. N. Nirpcx, a large river of Europe, and one of the moft confiderable of the Norh, formerly called the Borifthenes. Its fource is in the middle of Mufcovy, running W. by Smolenflco, as far as Orfa, and then turns S. palTrng by Mohilow, Bohaczo,- Kiow, Czyrkaify, the fortrefs of Kudak, Deflfau, and Oczakow, falling into the Black ^ea i as alfo in its courfs it divides Little Tartary from Bunjtiac Ta^tary. NitsTAOT, a town of Germany, in the <;irc!e of Loyver Saxony, and duchy of Meckl«nhurg, 16 milesS.ofSchwenn, Lon. it. 36. E. lat. 53. 40. N. ' NixsTAOT, a town of Germany, in the NIL middle Marche of Brandenburfr, feated en the river Fuhre, 2 5 miles N. E. of Berlin* Lon. 13. 15. E. lat. 5s. 46. N. NixsTEK, a large riverof Poland, which has its fource in the LakeNeifter, in the pa- latinate of Lemburg, where it paftes b/ Halicz. Then it feparates Podolia and Oc« zakow Tartary, from Moldavia and Budzi- ac Tartary, and falls into the Black Sea at Brigorod, between the mouths of theNieper and the Danube. Niger, is fuppofed to be one of the largeft rivers in Africa ; but its fource is un- certain, as alfo the place where it falls into the fea, In general it is fuppofed to rire m AbyfTmia, or, as otiiers fay, in the Laket Burnou, running from thence through feve- ral unknown kingdoms into (hat ot Tom- bute ) but whether it terminates here or not, there is no certain account. However, fome think it runs weftward from thence, and takes the name of Senegal, ffijling into the Atlantic Ocean } but of this nothing certain can beaitirmcd till further difcoveries are made. Some call it the Nile of the Ne« groes, and the Senegal refembles that river, by its overflowing every year, after the rainy feafon m Ab)fnnia, as does alfo the river Gambia. NiKopiNG, a town of Denmark, and ea« pital of the idand of FalAer, or Hulfter, with a ftrong fort, in tlie Baltic Sea. It ia 48 miles S. W. of Copenhagen. Lon. 4. S3. E. lat. 54. 50. N. NiKOFiNG, a town of Sweden, in the province of Sunderland, weft of the Baltic fea, 50 miles S. of Stockholm. Lon. 16.. 30. E. lat. 58. $0. N. Ni L E, a great river of Africa. Its fource is at the foot of a high mountain in the pro- vince of Goyam in AbyfTmia, runs Arft N« £. and afterwards turns direAly E. and en- ters the gieat lake Dambia, running thro* it, and pafrm^t among the rocks the fight of it is almoft loft. Then it runs towards the S. and then towards the W. pafTing to> wards its fource, which it leaves te milea to the £. forming a fort of peninfula: af- ter this it runs through the remaining part of AhyfTmia into Nubia, and then into £• gypt, till it arrives at Cairo : a little belovir which it divides itfelf into two great branches, wtiich, with the Mediterranean fea, forms the ifland called The Delta. The ancients recknned 1 1 mouths of the Nile, of which 7 were confiderable ; but at prefent there are only two that are navigable at all times ; and thofe are at Rofetta and Dami- etra. in the middle of this river, between Old Cairo and Gize, is feated the ifiand of Reddaj w hid) is almoft a» long at Old Cairo. ing to« miles a: af- great 'ranean The "lile. of prefent at all Dami. tween and of Cairo. It NIM it U 500 paces in breadth in tfie middle ; Jind the front of the Mokiai takes up all the breadth of the fonthern part. This is the work of the Saracensi, and derives its name from its ufe, for it fignifics meafure. In reality they obferve there every day, by means of a graduated column, the increare or decreafe of the waters of the Nile j and thence the public cryers regulate the pro- clamations they make of thefe events, at different hours, through the city. On forae places of this river there are rocks, from whence the water falls feveral 'feet, and thefe are called the cataraAs of the Nile. It overflows regularly every year, from the 15th of June to the i;th of September, when it begins to decreafe. The fertility of Egypt depends upon the overflowing of the NiU ; and they reckon it will be a bad year, when it islefs than i4.cubit!>, and above 18, but 16 cubits is the proper height; and when this happens they make public re- joicings throughout the Delta. This river aflfords plenty of fifh, and breeds a great namber of crocodiles, which are very large and very dangerous. Different authors give different accounts of the juft height of the inundation } bift that is not very material to an Ehglifh reader. The Delta, or Lower Egypt, is always overflowed ; and when the waters are almoft gone off, they fow it with rice, which delights irt watery grounds. During the inundation the littletowns,(land- ing' upon eminences, look like fo many iflands j and they go from one to the other by boats. In Cairo there is a cnnal called Khalis, which is opened when the water is high enough ; from thence it is conveyed into refervoirs and cifterns, and is after* wards dillributed into the field's and gardens, as occafion requires. ' This inundation of the Nile is caufed by the periodical rains ' which fall every year between the tropics, and more particularly in Abyflfinia, which is full of high mountains. NiMEGoEN, a large, handfome, and flrong town of the Netherlands, and capi- tal of Dutch Guelderland, with a citadel, an ancient palace, and feveral forts. It is -noted for the peace concluded here in 1679. It has a magnificent town-houfe, and the inhabitanrs are gr«atlv addifted to trade. It is featedon theriver Vahal, or Wahal, be- tween the Rhine ind he Miefe, 35 miles S. E. of Utrecht, and 70 N E of Antwerp. Lon. 5. 50. E. lat. 51 55. N. NiMPo, a fea port town of China, in the province of Chekjang, whofe walls !>re 5074 geometrical paces in circumference, and has ' a ftreet which runs through it as ftrai't as a line. The walla are good, boing built of N I S free- Aone, but are not ftron^ efieti^ tb' re^. f'ft cannon balls. There are two great arche* through the walls, for the pafTage of baiks in and out of the city. The ftreets are verf narrovir, and appear more fo on account of penthoufes over the fhops. It failing up to Nimpo, the (hips paf:i by a town called Tin- hie, commanded by a citadel, built on a very high rock, by the foot Of which a^ vefTels mufl necefTarily pafs. The Chinefd merchants of Siam and Batavia go thither yearly to buy fliks ; and they have a grea^ trade to Japan, it being but two days fail di. ftant from it, carrying thither filks, fluffs, fu- gar, drui;s, and arrack, and bringing copper, gold, and.filver. Lrr laz. o. £. lat. io« O.N. NiNivKH, an ancient ehj of Afia, ia Affyria, feated on the eaftern bank of the river Tygris, formerly prodigioufly large, but now quite ruined. Some travellets af- firm they have feen the ruins of it almoft oppofne to Mouful, on the other fide of the river. •NiNOVE, a town of the Auftrian Ne- therlands in Flanders, feated on the Kver Denre, or Dender, with an abbey, ij miles W. of Bruffely. Lon. 4. 1 1. £, lac. 50. 50. N. Nio, an ifland of the Archipelago, be- tween Naxi tothe N. Armago.to the E, Santertno to the S. and Sikino to the W, It is about 35 miles in circumference, and fertile in wheat ; bat has very little wood. or oil, nor any palm-trees. The inhabi- tants are almoft all Greeks, and thieves by profefTion. This ifland is celebrated by the ancients for the tnmb of Homer, who is faid to have died in one of the harbours. Lon. X5. 53. E. lat. 36. 35. N. NioNs, a town of France, in Dauphiny, and in the bailiwick of Buis, 10 inilcs W. of the town of that name. There is a nun. nery in this place, and it had formerly a ca- file, which is now in ruins. It is feated on the river .'i»uer, over which there is an handfome bridge, confiAing of a Oni;le arch, and fuppofed to be the work of the Romans. Lon. 5. 5. £. lat. 44. 20. N. NioRT, a town of France, in Orlean- nois, and in Poitou. It is a trading place, s8 miles N. E. of Rochelle. Lon. o. X4. W. la'. 46. ao. N. NrpHON, an ifland of Afia, and the largefl of Japan, being 600 miles in length, and 1 50 in breadth, containini; 55 provin- ces. The chief town is Jeddo. • NiSARo, an ifland of the Archipelago, near that of Rhodes. It produces corn, cotton, and wine, and the inhabitants ar« Greeks. NiSIN, N f V . JXii*v,ot Little NovoeotoD, apo- puloiis town of the Ruflian empire, and ca- pital of a duchy of the fame name, with a ciudel, and an archbifhop's fee ; feated at the confluence of (he rivers Ocka and Vol- gti, upon a mountaini -*40 milea E. of Mof- tow, Lon, 48. 10. E< iat. 56. 34. N. * Nisi BEN, or Mbsbin, a very anci- fi)t and celebrated town of Afia, in Diar- becK ) now only the Shadow of what it was formerly, and feated in a vaft plain, 70 mile* S. W. of Diarbeck. Lon. 39. 50. £. Iat. 36. o. N. NisiTA, a fmall ifland of Italy, on the coaft of the kingdom of Naples, very fertile and would be more fo but for the great number of rabbits. It has a fmall harbour )Ealled Porto Pavone. NisMEs, an ancient, large, and flourini- ing town of France, in.Languedoc, with a kifliop's fee, and an academy. There are feveral monuments of antiquity, of which the amphitheatre is the principal, built by the Romans. The maifon quarree, or the fquare houfe, is a piece of architedure of the Corinthian order, and one of the fineft |n the world. The temple of Diana ik, in part, gone to ruin. It was taken by the Snglifh in 1417* The inhabitants were all Calvinifts j but Lewis XlV. demolifhed their chuich in 1685, and built a aitlt to keep them in awe. It is feated in a delightful plain, abounding in wine, oil, game, an^ cattle ; la miles N. W. of Aries, tj N.,£. of Montpellier, and 75 N. E. of Narbopae. Lon. 4. a6. £. Iat. 43. 50. N. NissA, or NassAVA, atown of Turky in Europe, in the province of Servia, feated on the river Moravia. It was burnt by the Imperial ifts in 1689, *^^ '* *° ""i'^' ^' o' Prcoop, and 130 S. E. of Belgrade. Lon. %f. 55. E. Iat. 43. IS. N. NiTHSDAifE, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. by Clydfdale ; on the E. by Annandale ; on the S. by Solway-Frith ; and on the W. by Galloway. * NiraiA, a famous defart of Egypt, 37 miles in length, bounded on the N. by the Mediterranean Sea; on the IB. by the .Nile ; on the S., by the defart of Seta ; and on the W. by St. Ailarion. It had formerly a great number of monafteries, which are now reduced to four j and it takes its name , from a falt-lakc, out of which is got the natron of the ancients, in which they carry on a great trade. NivcHE. See Bocoois. NivELLE, a town of the Auftrian Ne- therlands in Brabanr, remarkable for its ab- bey of canoneflies, who are not confined within the walls, but may go out aQ4 marry N O L whenever ibey plcafe. Here alfo b John of Nivelle, fo much admired by the commoil people, which is the figure of a man irt iron, (landing on the lop of a tower near the clock, who ftrikos the hours with a hammer. The place enjoys great privileges* and has a good manufacture of cambricfcs. It is 14 miles S. of Bruflels. Lon. 4. to* E. Iat. 50. 35. N. NiVERNojs, a province of France, ber tween Burgundy, Bourbonnois, and Berry. It is pretty fenile, contains mines of iron, and Is watered by a great number of riversj of which the Loire, the Allier, and the Yonne, are the .principal. Nevers is the capital town. * NivLHAM, a kingdom of ea(lernTar« tary, which makes a part of Niuche, or Bogdois, which fee. NizABovR, a town of Afla in Perfia, in the province of KoraiTen, 30 miles S. £. of Mefched. Lon. 57. 31. E. Iat. 45. 40. N. * Nix A FA, a conflderable town of N. America in New-Spa in > which a rich Domi- nican convent. The country near it pro- duces a great deal of indigo, cochineal, and fugar. It is 3c miles S. £. of Antequer^. Lon. 97. 25. W. Iat. 15. so. N. * Nizza-deila-Paglia, « tovm ^t Italy, in the duchy of Montferat, featqd on the river Belbo, 15 miles S. W. of Aleif- andria, and fubjeft to the king of Sardinia. Lon. 8. a4. £. Iat. 44. 43. N. NocEEA, an ancient town of Italy, ifi the duchy of Spoletto, and in the territqrjr of the Pope, with a bi(hop*s fee ; feated ai the foot of the Appennines, 18 miles N. E. of Spoletto. Lon. is. SS*^- !*(• 43* >• N. MocjtEA-oi-PACANi, a town of ItaHy, in the kingdom of Naples, 15 miles S. of Naples. Lon. 15. o. £. Iat. 40. 40. N. NoQBNT, a town of France in Char<|- pagne, feated on the river Seine, 35 miUs N. W. of Troyes. Lon. 3. 33. £. Iat. 48. 26. N. NocBNT«Lt-RoTROv, a town of France, which is pretty populous, and capital of Upper Perche. It is feated on the rivf r Huirne, 35 miles W. of Chartres. NooEhT-LB-Rov, a town of France, v> Orleanois, capital of the duchy of Perche, 35 miles N. E. of Mans. Lon. o. 50. E. Iat. 48. SI. N. * NoraMOTiBR, a town of France, and capital of an ifle of the fame name, lying in the mouth of the river Loire, and is 17 miles in length, and 8 in breadth, full ef bogs, and yet there are good paAurts. Loo* a. 10. W. Iat. 47 o. N. NoLA, an ancient town of Italy, in tie kingdom of Naples, and in tba Ttrra>di-La- voto. vor pc is £ and fee, E. 8. the 6. K o k ytra, w'ltfi a bifliop's fee. Some autfiori p. e'tini that bells were invented here. It is 13 iniles N. E. of Naples. Lon. 14, 30. £ Uc. 40. 51. K. Ko'li, a town of Itafy, in the territory, and on the cuall of Genoa, with a bifliop's fee, and a good harbour. It is 5 miles N. E. of I^inal, and 30 S. W'. of Genoa. Lon. 8. 29. E. lat. 44. IX. N. l^oMBR i-DB-Dios, a town of Mexico, in the province of Darien, a little to the eaftward of Porto-Bello. It is now aban- doned, and the trade is removed to Porto- Eello. Lon. 1 1 1 . 35. W. lat. lo. o. N. I^oMENY, a town of Lorrain, feated on the river Seills, 15 miles N. ofNanci. Lon. 6. 15. £. lat. 4S. 5z. N. Non-Cape, a promontory on the W. coaf^ of Africa, opponte to the Caniry iHands. Lon. 11. o. W. lat. t8. 40. N. Nona, a fmall but Arong town of Dal* matia, with a bi(hop's fee. It is feated near the fea, 10 miles N. E. of Zara. Lon. 15. 23. £. lat. 44. 28. N. * NooRDBN, a confider&bic io'.vn of Germ^tny, in the circle of Weftphalia, 12 mile-s N. of Embden. Lon. 6. 5. E. lat. 53. V.N. ^s ' c r A, a town of Italy, in the duchy '..1 ,i 0, and in the territory of the Po- <> ;'t is a fort of a republic, and they eledt four magiilrates, who it is faid can neither read nor write. It is feated among the mountains, to miles S. E. of Spoletto, and ij N. £. of Narni. Lon. 13. 11. £. lat. 43. 37' N. *NoRDauRT, a fortrefs of Denmark, in the duchy of Slefwick, which has its name from its fituation to the N. of the ifle of Alfen. *^^oftDHAvsKN, an ancient and Impe- rial town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and under the proteAion of the elector of Saxony. The inhabitants are Proteftants, and it is feated on the river Har!Z, 45 miles S. W. of Drefden. Lon. 13. 5 E. lat. S>>a5- ^> NoROLiNGiN, or NoRLiNOBN, a free imperial town of Germany, in Suabia. It Is a trading place, and the inhabitants are Lutherans. It is feated on the river Aigre, 40 miles N. W. of Augft)urg. Lon. 11. 40. £. lat. 4!t. 59. N. * Nor osTRANn, an ifland of Denmark, in the duchy of Slefwick, which was en- tirely overflowed in 1634; but they have fince endeavoured to repair the damages. Lon. 9. 5. E. lat. 64. 40. N. NoRfoLK, an Englith county, 6omile8 in length, and 34 in breadth, bounded on the S. by Suffolk, on the N. and E. by the ocean, and on the W. by Cambridgefhire. . M b ft . . . It contains 47,180 hoofes, 183,030 i'nhaM.i tanta, 660 paiiflies, and 33 maiket-towBS* The principal river* are, the Oufe, th4 Waveney, the Yai e, and the Thyn. Th# air is fharp, but healthy, hot the foil is va^ rious, being fat in fome places^ and in others light and fandy. It is full of heaths, anA near the fea are rich marQies, fit for grazing, cattle. However, in general, it is one of. the largeft and moft fruitful counties in: England. The produdions are much lh« fame as in other conniies, only they havA more fea-fl(h and water-fowls, on account of the vicinity of the fea. Norwich is th» principal town. It fends i» members to parliameAt. Near etc, a county of Virginia, in N* America, contiguous to Carolina. Nor KOFI NO, a confiderable town of Sweden, in Oftrigothia^ or £. Gothland* feated on the banks of a large lake, 80 mile* S. W. of Stockholm. Lon. 14. 53. E. lat* 58. x8. N. * Nor LEAS B, a village in Wiltdilreg with one fair, on April 13, for cattle* borfc>» and pedlars ware. NoR»|ANOY, a province of Prance* bounded on the N. by the Englilh channel { on the E. by Picardy and the Ifle of France ) on the S. by Perche and Maine, and on« part of Bretagne ; and on the W. by tho Ocean. It is about 1 50 miles in length, 80 in breadth, and 600 in circumference. It is one of the moft fertile, and brings in ibf) largeft revenue of the kingdom. It abound* in all things except wine, but they fupplf that defeat by cyder and perry. There ar« vaft meadows, fat paftures, and the feft yields plenty of fi(h. It contains iron, cop- per, and a great number of rivers and har» hours. It carries on a great trade, is very populous, and comprehends a vaft numlwr of towns and villages. It is divided into the Upper and Lower ; the Upper borders upoa Picardy, and the Lower upon Bretagne* The inhabitants are ingenious, and capable of (SnderAanding arts arid fciences, but they are very fond of law. The Normans, a people of Denmark and Norway, having en« tered France under Rolio, Charles the Sim* pie ceded this country to them in 91s, which, from that time, was called Norman* dy. Rollo was the fltft duke, and held it as a fief of the crown of France, and feveral. of his fucceflbrs after him, till William, tho feventh duke, conquerett England in io66» from which time it became a province of England, till it was loft m the reign of king John, and re-united to the crown of France } but the Engli(h ftill keep the iflandi on the coaft of Normandy. I Hhh NoRT* NOR Ket TO AW| a cbuDtry of Gtrinany Bavaiia. NoK THALER TOW, s towit ill thcN. Rid ins of Yotkftiite, with a nlaricet on Wcd- nerdayt) and three fairs, on February 13, May, 4, and OAober s, for horned cattle. horfet, and (hecp. It is feated on a fmall bro6k, which, a mile below, runs into ihe river Wifk, and is a large well-built place, landing two members to parliament, and has a good trade. It is 37 miles N. of York, and is9 N. by W. of London. Lon. I. II. W. lati 54. ao. N. Noa T H A M r T ON , the (hire town of Nor- thamptonfliire, with a market on Saturdays, •nd i fairs } on February 20, for horfes, homed cattle, and toys ; on April 15, May 4, and Augiifl 5, are great horfe>fairs ; Au- ^uft s6 is for all forts of merchandife ; Sep- tember 19 chiefly for cheefe and flieep } and November 28, and December 1 9, for all forts of cattle. Ir is feated on the river Ncn, over which it has two bridges, and had walls, which are now demolifhed ; as alfo a large caftle, which is ruined likewife. It hadfeven churches, which are now reduced to four, and the great one, called Allhal- lows, (lands in the middle of the town, and is adorned with a handfome portico. It was in 'a g'cat meafure deftroyed by a Are in 1675, but was foon rebuilt, witha hand- fome, fpacious market-place ; and, in gene- ral, IS a well-built, handfome town, where the aflizes are kept, as well as the quarter* feflions, and fends two members to parlia- ment. It has the title of an earldom, a good ft'ce-fchool, two ahns-houfes, an infirmary, and a goal. It is 50 miles W. of Cam- bridge, 30 S. E. of Coventry, and 67 N. W. by N. of London. Lon. o. 55. W. lat. 52. 15. N. ' Northampton, a coUnty ofN. Ame- rica, in Virginia, forming the S. part of the pcninfula on the eaftern coall of Virgi nia. ' NORTHAMFTOnSHIRE, 3 COUnty of Ingland, 51 miles in length, and 30 in breadth, bounded on the E. by Huntinf;don« Aire, with part of Bedfordfhir? and Buck, inghamihire, on the N. by Leicefterfhire Md Rutlandfliire, on the W. by \Varwick« ihire, and on the S. by Oxford(hiie,/and fiuckiaghamdiite It contains 24,200 houfes, 129,200 inhabitants, 136 parifhes, i-^ mar- ket-towns, and fends 9 rr)emhers to parlia- ment. The principal rivers are, the Oufe, theNen, the WelUnd, the Cherwell, and the Learn. It is a healthful, fporting countrv, Containing a great number of gentlemen's feats, and the foil is fertile in cotn and grafs. Tiie produAioni ate much the fame as in NOR See other cotinties, but there is lefs wafle land** and there are three forelU, with feveral parks. * Nortm-Bradliy, a village in Wilt« (hire, with one f.tir, on September 14, for cattle and cheefe. • NorthCapb, the moft northern pro> montory in Euro|>e, on the coaft of Norwayt Lon 21. o. E. lat. 78. o. N. NoRTH-CvRRY, R town of Somcrfet- (hire, with two markets, on Tuefdays and Saturdays, and one fair, on Auguft i, for bullocks, (heep, and toys. It is feated on the river Tone, and is a pretty good place, and the markets well fupplied with provi- (ions. It is 20 miles S. W. of WelU, and 136 W. by S. of London. Lon. 3. 5. W. lat. Ki, 6. N. •North DorriKLD, a village in York- (hire, with one fair, on May 4, for cattle and flieep. NoRTH-FoR tLANn, a cape or promon- tory of Kent, in the Ifle of Thanet, 4 miles E. of Margate. Between this and the South-Foreland are the Downs, through which all (hips pafs that are bound to or from the W. Lon. i. 25. E. lat. 51. *$<■ N. North RIM, a rich town of Germany, in Lower Saxony, and in the duchy of Brunfwick, which carries or a great trade, and is a well frequented pafTage. It is fea'.ed between the rivers Rhume and Leina, 45 miles S. of Hanover. Lon. 7. 10. £. lat. 51. 42. N. • North! AM, a village in SuflTcx, with one fair, on September 17, for pedlars ware. NoRTHLttcH, a town of Gloucefter- (hire, with a market on Wednefdays, and three fairs, on Wednefday before April 23, for cows and (heep j on Wednefday before September 29, for horfes and fmall ware, and on the third Wednefday, for cheefe and cattle. It has feveral alms-houfes, and a free grammar- fchool, and is 17 miles £. of Gloucefter, and 1 60 W. by N. of London. Lon. I. 50. W, lat. 51. 46. N. • NoRTHor, a village of Flintfliire, in N. Wales, with three fairs, on March 14, July 7, and OAober 12, for cattle. • NoRTH-MovLToN, a village in Do- vonflitre, with two fairs, on Tuefday after May II, and on November 12, for ca:tle. • North-Pktherton, a village in Somerfet(hire, with one fair, on May i, for (hoes and toys. NoRTH-Sa/t, a name given to'thepulph of Mexico, in contra- diftindion totheSouth- Sea, on the W. fide of the Ifthmus of Da- tien ; and hence ttie ocean to the N. of it has t 'J ; ii NOR has been called by the fame name. * Not T H -Tawton, a village in Devon- ihire, with two fairs, on OAober i» and December 17, for cattle. NonTHuMBxaLAND, a county of Eog- land, 74 miles in length, and 45 in breadth, bounded on the E. by the Ocean, on the W. by Cumberland and part of Scotland, on the S. by the county of Durham, and on the N. by the river Treed, which feparaies it from Scotland. It contains 11,740 houfes, 116,440 inhabitants, 460 pirifhe:*, as mar- ket-towns, and fends 6 members to parlia- ment. The air is (hrirp, and very cold in the winter, from the fnow lying on the tops of the hills, which are at a diAance from the Tea. But the land on the fea coaft is plain and fruiful, and the great plenty of coals that thio country produces is gene- rally known. Newcafl!? is the principal town. NoiTHVMBERLAND, a county of N. America, in Virginia, lying at the mouth of the river Potowmac. * North- Walsh AM, a vi!)age in Nor- folk, with one fair, on Holy-Thurfday, for horfes, lean cattle, and petty chapmen. NoRiHwicH, a to'wn of Chefhire, with a market on Fridays^ and two fairs, on Auguft z, and December 6, for cattle, dra> pery goods, and bedding. It is feared near the river Dane, and is a handfome place, but is chiefly noted for its brine- pits and fait- works. It is to miles N. E. of Chefter, and 159 N. W, of London. L'on. 2. 32. W. tot. $3. le.N. * Nor THWOti>,a village in Norfolk, with one fair, en November 30, for cattle and toys. •Norton, a village in Devonfliire, with two fairs, on March 10, and October 10, for cattle. Nor WAV, kingdom of, the moft weftern part of Scandinavia, and bounded on the N. and W. by the Ocean, on the E. by 3wedi(h Lapland, and on the S. by theCa- tegate Sea, which feparates it from Den- mark. It is divided into Norway Proper, and its dependencies. Norway Proper com- prehends four general governments ; name- ly, Aggerhuys, Berghen the capital, Dront- beim, and Wardhuys. The dependencies of Norway are Iceland and the Ifle of Fer- To. It is a cold, banen country, and the ground covered with fnow for nine months in the year. It is full of woods and moun- tains, and produces oak-planks, deal-boards, pitch and tar, befides iron and copper mines. Tiie fummer is very fliort, but then they fow and reap in fix weeks time, and yet it does not produce corn fufRcient for the na- NOT tivei, and tbofe that come there for trad*., They have a very gr«rat fishery, and dry their cod upon the rocks, without falling it, which is well known by the name of Aock-fi(h, and fent all over Europe. Thcrfi^ is a high chain of mountains runs between Norway and Sweden, called the Dofriner Hills, which are neither inhabited nor cul> tivated. It had its own kings till the year, 1387, when it was united to Denmaik, anc^ in 15x5 it embraced the Lutheran religion. It has a viceroy, who has an abfulute pow- er, and refides at Berghen. The people are robufl, courageous, inured to labour, and good failors. Noawicu, a city of Norfolk, and the capital of that county, with three markets, on WMnefdays, Fridays, and Saturdays^ and three fairs, on the day before Good - Friday, St. FaithV, the Tuefday afier St, Michael, ar.d Maudlin or St. Mary Mag- dalen, for hotfeSr (beep, lambs, and petty chapmen. It is a vtry ancient place, and has undergone great calamities ; however, it is now a large, handfome, populous, and well- frequented city, furrounded with walls. It is feated on the river Yare, which tun^ throagh part of it, and over wliich tlierc are feveral bridges. It has iz gates, aitd ^fi parifh-churches, belides the cathedral, which is a handfome ftruAure, with a lofty ftee. pie. Every part is not -inhabited within the walls, for there are many gardens and orchards, and feveral oi the churches are covered with thatch. It is a city and coun- ty, and fends two members 10 parliament^ and is alfo a bifliop's fee, where the bifliop has a palace, as alfo the duke of Norfolk. It is governed by a mayor, a recorder, i% aldernien, t fherifTs, and 21 common- council, and, befides the above churches, it has 5 different meeting-houfes, and a Romi(h chapel. There are here about 8ooa hoiifes, the ftreets are pretty wide, and there is a very fpacious market-place. Here is a fine old caftle, ufed as a prifon, and from thence a perfon may have a view of the whole city. Here is alfo the ruini of a caflle called Kitt's, who lived in the reign of Edward VI, and did much damage to the city ; a new playboufe, a place called Vauxhall, and many other curious gardent for the refort of the gentry. It has a large and flourifhing manufaAory in the worfted way, as camblets, crapes, &c. for which i< has a great trade, both at home and abroad* II is 43 miles N. of Ipfwich, and 109 N. £• by N. of London. Lon. 1. 15. E. lat. $%» 40. N. No TO, an andent, large, and handfame town of Sicily, and capital of the Val-di- H h h » Mote NOT Hoto. It was entirely ruined by an earth- qoaka in 1693, but the inhabitants bul|t Mother town at fome diftance from it, ^hich they call Noto Nuovo. It is i o miles S. W. of Modica, and tt S. W. of Syracufe, Lon. 14. o. E. iat. 36. 50.>'. Noto, VaL'DI, one of the three val- lies or piovinces into wl^ich Sicily is divicfed, aAd it lies between the fea, Val-di-Demo- lia, and Val-di-^iazata. Noto is tlte capital town. N0TTEBUR6, a town ofRuflia, in the province of Ingria, feated on an ifland in Ate lalie Ladoga, at the place wnere the ri- i^VNieva proceeds from this lake. It i« Arong, ha» a good citadel, and was cap'^tal d'f Uie province before Peterfburg was built It is 1$ miles E. of Peteriburg. Lon. 31. 40. E. Iat. 60. o.H: NoTT iMGH A M, the county-town of Not- . ting'|OTT inchAmshir e, a county of Eng Uncij47 miles in length, and 10 in breadth; iV^onded 00 the £. by LincoIn(hire. on the NOV W. by Derbyfhire and VorkOtire, on the $• by Letcefterfliire, and on, the N. by York- fliiie. It contains 17,454 houfes, i€8 pa- lifhes, and 9 market-towns, and fends 9 mem^bers to parliament. The air is good and healthfMl, ^ut the foil is different } that to the E. near the rivers being fertile ip corn and pa(tures,and that on the W. mor^ barren, a great part of it being taken in by the foreft of Sherwood, famogs for Robin Hood and his companions. This has feve- ral coal-mir^es, Ts full of gam*, and tjhe foil is fandy. Belides thefe, it produces a foft foit of alabafter, which, being burnt, is ufed for ipaking of floors in the upper rooms. *NovALLi,a fmall, rich, and populous town of Italy, between Padua and Trevifo, 1 3 miles N. E. of the former, and the fame diftance S. W. of (he latter. Lon. la. 5. E. Iat45. 35. N. NovARA, an ancient, well built, and ftrong town of Italy, in tie duchy of Mi- lan, and capital of the Novarefe, with p bif^pp's fee j feated upon an eminence, la miles S, £ of Verceil,and as W. of M^lan* 'Lon. 8. 35. E. Iat. 45. 25. N. . Novel Lara, a handfome town of Italy, and capital of a fmall AiAi'tA of the f^mjp name, with a handfome cadle, where their fovereign refines ; 17 mil^s E. by' N. of Parma, and 20 S. by W. of Mantua. Le^. 10. 37, E. Iat. 44, so. N. ..{ Nov I, a town of Italy, ir» the territory of Genoa, on the confipes of the Milanefi;. It was taken by the Piedmontefe in 1746, and if 10 miles W. of Tortoiia, and a^Tf. W. of Genoa, Lon. 8. 48. £. Iat. 44. 4$. U. Novi-Bazas, a confiderable tp^wQ of Turky in Europe, and in Servia, near th.e river Orefco, 7a miles W. of Nifla, and 103 S. of Belgrade, Lon. 20. 24< £. Iat. 43. »S. N. *Novi<;rap, a foball, but ftropgtt>\fp of Upper Hungary, capital of a CQuoty of ihe fame name, with a good caflle } feaff jl on a mountain near the Danube, 15 milcf £ of Gran, and 25 N. of Buda. {4S' E, iat. 44. 30 N. NoviGaAD,'a very ftroiftg placi| of Ser- via, fuhjeft to the Tiirks ; feated. near the Danube, ^5 miles N. of NiflTa, and 90 S>. E of Belgrade. Lon. 26. 5. £. Iat. 4}. Ncv<^- ll ' NUB K«ToeoioPKCK, a town of Uthuania, anrl capital of a palatinate of the fame name. it is Urge, and feated io a vaft plain, 70 milet S.nf Wiloa. Lon. «5. 30. £. lat. 53. 45. N. NovoGoaoo, WiLiccr, or CatAT XiIoTOGOROo, a rich and very large townof the Ruflfian empire, and capital of a duchy pf the fame name, with an archbi(hop*« fee. and a caftle wheia the jrchbiHtop and the waivod refide. It is ;ommonly called the Grand Magazine, becu fe hiihei they bring their rich merchandifea that come from the |«evant. It contains 180 churches and mo- nafteries, and carries on a great trade in lluOia leather. It is feated on the river Wolcoif, near the lake llmen, i3omilea S. £. of Narva, and 245 N. W. of Mofcow. Loo. 33. 4c. E. lat. 5$. 23. * NovoGOBoo WtLiCKi, aprovinceof l^^ofcow, bounded on the N. by logria { on the E. by part of the duchy of Belozero, •jpd jthat of Tuera, which alfp bounds it on the S. with the province of Kseva j and on Che W. by Pleflcow. It is full of lakes and /orefts} however, th^re are fome places .which produce com, flax, hemp, boney, ..nd wax. * NovoGoaoD StRPSKor, a ftrong town of the Ruffian empire, and capital of a province of the fame name, io Siberia { feated on the river Dubica, la; miles N. by E. of Kiow, and ia5 S. W* of Mofcow. Jmo> 33. 20. E. iat. 5a. so. N4 Nova, an ancient town of Spain, in the province of Galicia, feated on the river Ta> iqara, 15 mile* W. of Cotnpoftalla. * NovBBs, a town of France, in Bur* ?;undy, feated 00 the river Serin, in a val-> ey furrouoded with niountains, where there are a great many vineyards, 17 miles S. £■ of Auxerre« Lon. 3. 55. E. lat. 47. 38. N. NoYOM, an ancient and handfome town in the government of the Ifle of France, on the confines of Picardy, with a bifhop's fee. It is feattrd on the gentle declivity of a hill, OB the river Vorfe, aa miles N. W. of Soif> fons, and 60 N. by E. of Paris. Lon. a. 6. B. iat. 49. 35 N. * N08EROY, a town of France, in the Franche-Comtg, with acaftle. It is feated on a mountain, ao miles S. E. of Salines, and 37 S. of Befanzon. Lon. 6. 23. £. lat. 46. 44. N. NuBTA, a kingdom of Africa, bounded on the N. by Egypt, on the E. by the Red* Sea, and part of Abyffinia, on the W. by the kingdoms of Tagua, Gaoga, and the defert of Gerham. The river Nile runs through it, on the banks of which, and N UM thofe of the oilier rivers, it is pretty fruit, ful, but in other places barren, fandy, ani , in want of water. To the W. of the Nile is the defert of Bahouda, which is five daya journey over, being the ufual road from Egypt to Abyfljnia. Money is of no uf« in this country in the way of tradei it be- ing all carried on by way of exchange. Their bread and drink is made of a fmall round feed called Ooca. or Seff, which ia very ill ufted. Their houfes have mud walls, being very low, and covered with reeds. The habit of the betttr fort is a veft with out fl«eves, and they have no coverings for their heads, legs, and feet. The common people wrap a ,'ece of linen-cloth about them, and the chiMren go quite naked. They are a ftupid, debauched fort of peo- ple, having neither modefty, civility, nor religion, though they profefs to be Maho- metans. The produ£Uons of this country are gold, elephants teoth, civet, and fan- dal.wood, and they fend a great many Oaves into Egypt. The principal towne known to the Europeana aire Dangoia »iai Sennar. ':)■ ,»»» •>• ij 'X"- • NvasTKA StNoaA as ta Pai^, •■ town of S. America, in Peiu, and in the audience of Loa Charcas, with a bifhop** fee. It is feated at the foot of a mountain, in a valley abounding with vines and fruits, which begin to be ripe in January. Loa. 64. 5. W. lat. 16. 50. S. • NuxsraA Semma di la Vitto- aiA, a town of N. America, in Mexico, on the coaft of the bay of Campeachy, and in the province of Tabatco. Lon. aa. it, W. lat. 18. O.N. • NuavA SfcovfA, a town of the Z. Indies, in the Ifle of Luzon, and one of the Philipines, with a bifhop's fee. The Portuguefe alcayde, major of the province, refides in this pUcc. It is feated near the mouth of the river Cagayan. Lon. 120. 30, E. lat. 18. 59. N. • NeiTs, a town of France, in Burgun- dy, famcds for its excellent wines ; feated at the foot of a mountain, 15 miles S. W. of Dijon, and 1 50 S. E. of Paris. Lon. 4. 53. E. lat. 47. 10. N. NuMANTiA, anciently a considerable town of Spain, in Old Caftile, then called Celtiberia. The inhitbitants were: greatly celebrated for maintaining this town 14 years, when befieged by the Romans. The men, when they could hold out no longer, for want of proviiions, killed their wives and children, and afterwards themfelves, burning every thing that was valuable among them. After this, Scipio Africanut dcmoliflied this place, in the year of Rome •io. I N U R fie; The ruini of it are ftill to be fecn at Puenta-Cuarar, on the river Duero, 4 milet above the town of Soil 4. Lon. a. 35. W. lat. 41. o. N. NvMioiA, anciently a large country of Africa, to the S. of mount Atlat, wt>i<.h tiad fornKrly its own kings. Ii is now called Bilcdulgerid. NuNBATON, a town of Warwickfhi'e, with a market on Saturdays, and one fair, on May 14, foi horfes, cows, and Hieep. It it feattd on the river Auker, and w.is formerl)' noted for its abbey, and has at pre- fent a good free-fchool. It is 8 miles N. by E. of Coventry, and 100 N. N. W. of Lon- don. Lon. I. 35. W. tat. 52. 33. N. * NoNNV, a village in Somerfcifhire, with one fair, on November H, for cattle. NuRSMBUBO, or NuRENBuac, one of the moft hanlfome, ftrong, and flourifhing places in Germany, capital of Francunia, and a free im()erial city. It is feated in a faody, barren foil, and yet the inabitants are fo induflrious, that they have brought this republic into a very flouriihing flate, and are almoft as happy as poflftble. It is M large place, and is two miles and 468 paces in length, and one mile and 36 paces in breadth, and about 6 miles in circumfer- •nipe. It is furrounded by high walls, flanked with 365 towers, as alfo with a deep ditch. T^.e river Pegnitz runs through the middle, and divides it into two parts. It turns 160 wheels^ as well belonging to mills, as other .mvcbines j and over it are i s ftone bridges, il'bere arc alfo itS capital ftreets, and 400 .fma^ler} ii large fountains, and 130 fmati, befides 117 wells. This city alfo contains t6 churches, 44 religious hoofes, 10 mar< Itet^places, a 1,000 houfes, and 15,000 fa^ anilies. Among the public buildings 'he churches of St. Sebald and St. Lawrence d",- Utve the greateft attention, they being very bandfoipe ftruflures. The arfenal is one of the beft in Germany, and the town-houfe is greatly admired by travellers. The townf- men are divided Into 8 quarters, each of which has a captain. The government is ariftocratical } and, by thn authority and prudence of the magiftrates, every thing is well regulated. The great council is com> pofed of zoo perfons, and the fupreme council of 34. patricians, and of 8 of the mod reputable tradefmen. The burgiefles have two excellent qualities ; they are very induflrious and the beft workmen in arts. Their maps and prints are in high efteem, as well as their mufical and mathematical jnAfumcnts ; nor art: they lefs curious in clock work, .tnd in thefeveral manufadures ef iron, ftefl, ivory, wood, and alaibafter. N y M . The baft toys are made here, which art commonly known in England by the name o< Dutch toys; and they have aifoatamous academy for painting. The anatomical theatre and the public library are alfo worth notice. With regard to thecleannefs 01 their ftreets, and the neainefs of their houfes, they imitate t'e Dutch j and though thay formerly kept to their old habits, they now follow the moft falhionable modes, ThoUjth their religion is the Lu'heran, the church o» the Holy Ghoft has variety cf re- liques, as alfo the imperial crown, the im- perial fceptie, the globe of the empire, the fword of St Maurice, the imperial toantle, the white robe of the emperors called tho dalmatic, the golden furplice, the mantle of the choir, and the gloves, the flippers, and the hereditary cro\tn of the emperor Rodolph II. All thefe rarities are placed in a clieft, which is fufpended by a rope }f» the dome, and they are never taken down but at the coronation of the emperor, or when any perfon of high diflinftion wants to fee them. The ancient and fuperb ca- ftle, or palace, which the inhabitants bought of the burgraves, is Aill flanding, at the extiemity of the city. Here are four Latin fchools, befides a famous college or univer- fity. No Jews ate fufTered to lodge a fingle night here } nor can they enter the city a( all without paying a certain tax. They have in procefs of time obtained a conflder- able terriiopy, which is about 30 miles, in diameter, and 100 in circumference, and in which are two large forells. Their manu. fadures are conveyed all over Europe by the means of two large fairs. The houfes are all built of free- ftone, and are 4 or | ftories high. It is feated almoft in the cen- terof Germany, 55 miles N. W. of Ratifbon, 6a N. of Augfburg, and 150 W. by N. of Vienna. Lon. so. 18. £. lat. 49. aS. N. * IJuTtKY, a village in Suflex, with one fair, on May 4, for cattle and pedlars ware. * Nuvs, a town of Germany, iq the circle of the Lowe.r Rhine, in the eledorate of Cologne, fubje£t to thehoufe of Auflria } feated on the river Erifc, 5 miles S. W. of DufTeldorp. and aa N. E. of Cologne. Lon, 6. 47. E. lat. ;i. 18. N. NvBURC, a town of Denmark, feated at the £. end of the ifland of Funen, 10 miles E. of Odenfee. Lon. 10. 0. E. lat. 55. 30. N. - '--^ >< Nyland, a province of Sweden, in Finland, lying on the gulph of Finland, and to the W, of the province of Carelia. * NvMBURR, a ftrong town of Bohe- mia, feated on the river £lb. The Saxons to«k ,> at the O B E took it byaflauhio 1624. Lon. 13. %6, E. at. 50. g. N. * NvoN, aconfiderabtetownofSwifler- land, in the canton of Bern, and capital of a bailiwick of the fame name, with a ca- Ale. There are a great many Roman in- fcripiions here, and it it a trading place, leated in a good country, near the lake of Geneva, 10 mile* from that city. Lon. 5. 10. £. lat. 46. 14. N. NvsLOT, aArong town ofRuflia, inLU vonia, with a caAle } fcated on the river Narva, among large marfhes, to miles S« W. of Narva, and 50 N. of Wyburg. Lon. a6. 55. £. lat. 58. 46. N. NysTAPT, a fmall town of Scandina- via, feated on a bay of the Bothnic gulph, in ti. Finland, 62 miles S. of Biorneburg. It i* noted (or a peace concluded here in 17x1, between the emperor of KoHia and the king of Sweden. Lon. si. I.E. lat, 61 • 10. N. * /^ ACCO, a province of Africa, in the ^^ kingdom of Angola. It is a level, fertile country, but not well cultivated. The Portuguefe pretend that they have con- verted the inhabitants to Chrlftianity. Oakhampton, a town of Devonshire, with a market on Satuidays, and four fairs, on the fecond Tuefday afttr March 11, May 14* firA Wednesday after July 5, and Au- cuA 5, for cattle. It is feated between the river Oakment, and a branch thereof, is a mayor- town, and fends two members to parliament. It is 24 miles W. of Exeter, and 193 W. by S. of London. Lon. 4. 15. W. lau 50. 45. N. * Obasink, a village of France, in the diocefe of Limoges, 5 miles S. of Tulle, with a rich abbey. Lon. i. 47. £. lat. 45. 4. N. Obdach, a town of Germany, in the circle of AuAria, and in the duchy of Sty- ria ; feated at the confluence of the rivers Achza and Traun, 3 miles below the lake Chiemzee, and 35 W. of Graiz. Lon. 15. o. E. lat. 47. ao. N. * Obdor A, a province of Ruffia, in Si- beria, to the E. of the river Oby, and aU nooA under the polar circle. * OBiRKiacH, a town andcaAIeofAl- face, near the Black Foreft, about 3 miles from Strafburg, to whofe bifhop it b^l^ngs. Lon. 7. 20. E. lat. 48. 3$. N. * OBEBNDORrr, a town of Germany, Bi the circla of Suabia, in the Black ForeA, o c z belonging to the boufe of AuAria. It k ii'- vided into the upper and lower towns, and is feated on the river Ncckar. Lon. 8. 43* E.lat 48. 10. N. OBEBNPBao, a handfome townof Ger« many, in Bavaria, with a caAle } feaud on the river Inn, 15 milea S. of Paflau, to whofe bifhop it bek>ngi, Lon. ia< ao. E* lat. 48. 20. N. OaaasTBiML, a town of Ocrnunyt iA the palatinate of the Rhino, and capital of a county of the fame name, }o milei E. of Triers. Lon. 7. o. E. lat. 49. 50. N. Ob ta want, a town of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, formorlyina- perial, but now belongs to the elcAor of Treves, or Triers. It is feated on the Rhine, 37 milea N. E. of Triers. Lon. 7. 12. E. lat. 50. 8. N. * Oboilan, a Arong town of Afia, in Perfia, and in Irac-Agemi, feated on a branch of the Tygris, near Buzarah. It it accounted by Tome a fort of paradife. Loiu 47. 15. E.lat. 30. 15. N. Ob Y, or Ob, a river of the Ruflian em- pire, in Afia, which rifes in the deferc of Ifchimlka, and, running N. joins the Irtia near Tobolflc j and Aill keeping ita nam* continues its courfc N. and fails into a deep bay called Obflcaya, in about 63 degreoa oif lat. The exaft courfe of this river waa un- known till this country was furveyed by tlw Rutflans, who have given us good mapsof it* and of all Siberia. OcANA, a town of Spain, in New Ca« Aile, feated on a plain, abounding in all the neceflTaries of life, 5 miles from the ri« ver Tajo, and 18 E. of Toledo. Lon. a. 59. W. lat. 39. $6. N. OcHaiDA. See GiusTANOit. OcMsaNPVRT, a town of Germany, in Franconia, and in the bilhoprick of Wirtz» berg } feated on the river Main, la miles S. E. of Winzberg. Lon. 9. i j. E. lat. 49* 40. N. OcKA, a large riVer of Mufcovy, which rifes in the duchy of Worotin, croflea that of Rezan, a part of that of Mqfcow, and falls into the Wolga at Nice Novogorod. It pafl«s by the towns of Worotin, Kolumna, Rezan, Cachine, and Wolodimar. OcKKR, a river of Germany, which, rlfing in the S. part of the duchy of Brunf- wick, runs N. by the towns of Goflar, Wolfenbuttle, and Brunfwick, andfalia into the Aller to the W. of Gythorn. OczAKOw, orOczAKor^, a town ot Tutkyin Europe, and capital of a fangiack of the fame name, inhabited by Tartars. During a late war here was a TurkiAi garri- fon of 20,000 men. However, it was taken O E L ifi^ IlcflhM in 1737, «ml all xhtfk ftitt nilRtd pot (0 fh« fwofd. The Ruffiam tiMmfelves loft i8,ooe men in tfi« alTaulc. The Turki returned the flme year with 70f06o men to retake it, but were obtiited 9& rttht after the Mt of so,ooo- In 1738 llt« Rafllana withdrew their garrifon, and d^molHhetf the fortiAcatfoAt. It is feated on the river Bo((, to the W. of the Nleper, or rither wlicre they bdth nnlte, and Aill into the Black Sea: It !• 41 milei S. W. of Blalagrod, and igfo N. by E.of Conftantl- OQple; Lon. 30. o. E. lat. 46. 30. N. * Odxl, a village in Bedfordfhire, with ontfiiir, on Whit'Tilefdnljr, for ail forra of cattlte. O0tMKi^a ; at Ratibor; Oppelen, Breilau, Glo- gatt-, and Creflhi, iit-Silefla^; Francfort, Le- bita, and Coftrin,in Brandenburg ; artdGartz, Stettff, Cammiit, W^Hin, tTftdom, and Wol- gaft, in Pomerania. Ovn, a town ofSi1e(!a; feated at the Iborce of the river Oder, T5 miles S. of Troppaw. Lon. 16. 17. B. Iat. 39. 4;. N. ObcRBiae, a town of Siletia, feated near the confluence of the rivers Oder aitd Elfa, zo -miles above Ratibor, and 10 E. of Troppaw. Lon. 17. 45. E. Iat. 50. 6. N; ODfenitiiBTM, a town of Germany, in ttopahtirtate of th« Rl)ine, feared on the river Seltx, 15 miles S. of Mentz. Lon. 7. 56. E.Iar. 49. 46. N. Odtam, a town of Hampfhire, with a linrket on Saturdays, and one fair, on Mid- fenr Saturday, for cattle and toys. It is a corporation, and is the place v^here David king of Scotland wai kept prifoner. It is 94 mifes N^J E. of Wincheft6r, and 41 W. fey S. oPLondon. Lon. i. c. W. Iat. 51. ao.W. Ottftjrtvta. Se6 So^RoK. OtLAND, an idandof'Swedfen, in the )Clalric! Sea, Oii the coift Of Sweden, near Gothland, about 62 miles in length, and 50 )n breadth. The air is gnod and the (oil fitti\t. BorckhoTm is the capital town. OxircLD, a town of Germany, in the b 6t . cl/cle of lower Saxony, and docfiy of Mif- deburgi feated on the river Alter, so miMf E. of Brunfwick. Lon. 10. 0. E. Iat. ca. 3J. N. Oaiit, an i/land of the Baltic Sea, ditf' the coafi of Livonia, and at the entrance of the gulph of Riga, 3 miles 9. of the ifle of Dagha ; about 74 miles in length, and jtf in breadth, and is defended by two forts. It formerly belonged t6 Denmark, but no«/ to RulTia. Oe T I N 6, a town of Germany, In lappet* Bavaria, under thejurifdiAlonof Burckhau* fen. It is divided into the upper and the lower town, and feated on the river Iitn, 8 miles W. of Burckhaufen. Hon. 11. 47. E. Iat. 48. 8. There is a great refort of plU grims to the old chapel. OtTiNG, or GeriMeiN, a town ot Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and capi. tal of a county of the fame name ; feated on the river Wirnitz, ix miles above Dona- wert, and 35 N. W. of Ingolftadt. Lon. lb. 45. E. lar. 4S. 51. N. • OcTiNo, a county of Germany, in tbe ciicleof Suabia, bounded on the N. and E. by Franconia, on the S. by the duchy of Neoburg, and on the W. by that of Wir- temberg. It is about 40 miles from E. to \^. and 20 from hT. to S. Orr a's Dike, an entrenchment caft up by Offa, a Saxon king, to defend England' a'^aiftft the incurflons of the Welch. It runs through Herefordflilfe, Shrcpfhire, Montgomeryfliire*, Denbighfhire, and Flint* (hire. • OrrANTo, a river of Itily, in th»! kingdom of Naples. It rifes in the Appeii-' nine Mountains, in the Farther Principato} and pafling by Conza, and' Monte Verde, it^ afterwards fepavates the Capitariata from' the Bafilicata and the Terra-di-Barri, and then it falls into the gulph of Venice, neat Salpe. OrrtNBACH, a town'of Get-many, in Franconia, feated on the Maine, 7 miles B. of francfort. Lon. 8. 35. E. Iat. 50. 6. N> OrraNduRO, an impeiial town of Ger- matiy, in the circle of Suabia, under the' proteAion of the houfti of Auftria. It is feai!ed on the river Kirttzig, la miles S. E. of Strafburg, and ao E. of Baden. LoA. 8,' «. E. Iat. 48. a8. N. Dm DA, a town of Italy, in the terrU tory of the Churdr, and in the Marca of Ari.' cona, near the corif.i>et of AbtttzZo, ix miles S. of Firmo, ana '■6 S< of Loretto* Lon. 15. o. E. Iat: 43. p. N. * . Oglio, a river of LOmbardy, which flar its fource in the bifhOptick of Trent, and it) the country of the Grifontf. It runV . through s»« OLD. thro* the take Ifco, then on the con/ine» of Dergamafoe »nd of tlie Cremonefe ; nr\A hiv- ing entered ijie duchy ot Mantua, falls into the Po, at 4 fmall place called Torre d'Oglio. * Ohio, a river of N. America, called by t e French t'^e Beautiful R.vcr, has its fouice between the Allegany mountains and the lak; Eriej and running S. W. through a moll deliijhtful coun ry, as alfo receiving many fmallei rivers in its pafTige, at length falls into t' e MifTifipp!, in about 37 de- grees of Ijtitudc. The Fiencb had fcveral forts on and near it ; but the whole country (hrou 40' ^- lat. 46. 30. N. * Olonit2, a town in the empire of Ruflta, famous for its minet of iion, and O M M Lon. 10. 15. V. its mineral water. It is feared between the lakes Ladoga and Onega. Lon. 34* zo. £. I at. 61. 16. N. Olci, or Oclsx, a handfome, ftrong. and coniiderabie town of SileHa, with a ftrong cadle, furrounded with dnche!;, where tve dcke generally refides. In April V J7 30, a fire happened here in the night-time, which burnt down the town-l>oufe, St. Sa viour's church, the public fchool, and 130 houfcs i but the canie received no damage. , It is zi miles £. of Wolaw, and 17 N. E. of Brefbu. Lon. 17. to. E. lar. 51. ac. N. OtSNiTz, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and territory oi VoigtUnd, (eated on the river Elfter, 60 fflllea S. W. of Drefden. lat. 50. 30. N. * OLTaN, a town of Swiflerland, capi- tal of a bailiwick in the canton of Soleure { feaied a little 10 the N. of the river Aar, between Arwangen and Araw. Lon. 7. 3S. E. lat. 47. ao. N. Olvmfia. See Lonotnico. Olympus, a mountain of Turky, in the LcflTer Ada. It is one of the higheft and moft confiderable mountains in all Afla, not much unlike the Alps in Europe, the top of it being always covered with fnow. There are feveral other mountains, which formerly had the fame name. Omana, a country of Afia, in the cen- tre of Arabia Felix, and under tlie tropic of Cancer. * OMBKONty a river of Italy, in Tufca- ny, which rifts in the Siennefe, and fall* into the Tufcan Sea. Ombromc, a town of Italy,in TuCcany^ and in the Siennefe, 3 miles S. of GroflTeto, between the river Ombrone and the lake Caftigliano. * Omigna, a town of Italy, in the du- chy of Milan, and in the Novarefe, with • caftle It is a little to the N. of the lake Orta, and about 5 miles N. of the town of that name. Omer*3, St. a ftrong, fortified, large, and populous town of France, in AitoiB, and capital of a confiderable bailiwick, wittr a caftle and a bifliop's fee. It is a fortrefe of importance, and furrounded on one fide with a large morafs, and about it there are many nuices, which ferve to carry the wa- ter off when it is overflowed } and in the midft of the morafs a fort of floating iHands, covered with verdure and trees. The cathedral is a handfome ftru£lure, and there are other fine buildings, with a rich BeneHiftine abbey. The French became mailers of this place in 1C79. It is feated on the liver Aa, and on t^e fide of a hill, 8 miles N. W. of Aire, and 135 N. of Paris* Lon. 2. 30. £. lat. 50. 4s> N. * Omisc, an ancient town of Dalmaria, feated on the gulph of Venice, and at the mouth of the river Setine. Omlamds, a name given to the enviroce of Groningen, in the United Provinces. Ommen, a fmall town of the United Provinces, in Overyffel, feated on the ri- ver called the Lelfer Vechr, 17 miles N. E. of Dsventcr. Lon. 5. I5.£.lat. 5s. 40. N. Ommen BUR a, a ftionx town of Germa- ny, in the ele£(orase of Meniz, feated on the river Othcrn, 6 miles S. £. of M^rpurg, and 50 N. of Fransfort. Lon. 8,45. E« lac* 50. 40. N. • Om. O N H » *Ommi»abIi a river of Africa, in B«r. biry, which hai iu fource in Mount Atlai, and cronfei Ttcilti, a provinc* of Moroccn. Itfe^aratct this kingdom from that of Fez, and falU into tht Azamor, in tht little gulph of Ommirabi. * ONi a town of Africa, in Cgypt, other- wife called Heliopolii, wai formerly a very confiderable place. It was feated near the river Nile, 10 milei N. E. ofCairo, and had a fuperb temple, dedicated to the fun. At prefent it it almoft ruined, and bear* the name of Aimkems. ONANnAooii, a tribe of the nativeAme* ricani, in N. America, and one of the five nations of Iroquois, whofe place of residence it near the lake Ontario. * Onano, a town of Italy, in the terri- tory of the Church, and in Orvietan, with the title of a duchy, it is feated between Aquapendcnteand Petigliano, 5milet from each. * Oni, a cape, of Darbary, in the king- dom of Telenlin, 10 ihe N. of a town of that name, near the mouth of the river Mulvia. ONir;A, a river and lake of the Ruflian empire, between MufcoviteCareJia, the ter- ritory of Cargapul, and Swedifh Carelia. It is TOO mites in length, and 40 in breadth, having a communication with the lake La- doga, and confequently with Peterfburg. The river hat its fource in Cargapol, gives ite name to a country full of woods, and falls into the White Sea. Onkolia, a fea-port town of I'aly, in the territory of -Genoa, with the title of a principality ; but it belongs to the king of Sardinia, as well as the province, which abounds in olive-trees, fruits, and wine. It has been often taken and re- taken in the wars of Italy, which is no wonder, as it is an open place. The French and Spaniards had poITeinon of it in 1 744, but were drove from th«nce by the Piedmontefe. How- ever, they returned next winter, and be- eame mafters of it again. It is feated. on a fiT]all river, 30 miles S. E. of Cogni, and foW.ljy S. cf Genoa. Lon. 8. i. £. let. 43. 55. N. * On CAR, a town of EiTttx, with a mar- ket on Saturdays, and one fair, on Septem- ber 30, for fmall wares. It is in miles W. of Chelmsford, and 11 E.N. E. of London, ^on. o. 15. E. lat. 51. 45. N. Onoth, a town of Hungary, fubjeA to Auftria, 50 miles N. E. of Buda. Lon. xo. ;(2. E. lat. 48. 10. N. ONRusT,afmaliifland of A(ia, in theE. Indies, lying a: the mouth of the harbour of Ba'avia. It is the place where the Dutch buiid and careen their fliipt. O R A Ontario, a lake of N. America, in (h« country of the Iroquois, 180 miles in length, and 60 m breadth. There are many rivera that run into ir, and the great river St. Lawrence proceeds from it. it communi- cates with the lake Erie, by a river 3] miles in length, in which are the falls of Ni« agara, taken notice of in a former article. * OosTivan, a town of the Nether- lands, in Dutch Flanrfert, and capital of a bailiwick of the fame name. Ptince Matt- rice became mafler of it in 1 604, and de- molished the fortifications. Lon. 3- 14. E. '' • 51. to. N. * Got TEN BY, a town of Sweden, in tht ifle of Oeland, ij miles S. of Borckholm. OosTcaco, a pan of Friefland, in the United Provinces, which contains eleven prefedlures, and tw vns, namely, Lew- arden and Dockum OrriLxN, ailrong town of SileAi ,ca- pital of a confiderable duchy of the fam name, with a caftle and a fine bofpital. The chief tribunal of juflice, and the firft conliftory of Silefia were fettled here (ince 174s. It is feated on the river Oder , in a pleafant plain, 4; miles N. ofTroppaw, and 35 S. E. oi Brcflau. Lon. 17. 57. £. lat. ;o. 44. N. Opfknhkim, a town of Germany, in the Lower Palatinate of the Rhine, and ca- pital of a bailiwick of the fame name; feat- ed on the declivity of a hill, near the Rhine, 8 miles S. E. of Mentz, and ta N. W. of Worms. Lon. 8. so. E. lat. 49. 48. N. OrriDO, an epifcopal town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Farther Calabria, feated at the foot of the Appen- nines, 25 miles N. E. of Regi;io, and 17 S« E. of Nicotera. Lon. 16. 39 E. lat. 3S. 18. N. * Or A CH, a town of Bofnia, near the ri- ver Drina, 60 milrs S. W. of Belgrade. Or AN, a very ftrong and important town of Africa, in Barbery, and in the king- dom of Tremecen, with frveral forts, and an excellent harbour. It is feated partly on the fide of a hill, and partly on a plain, about a ftone's caft from the fea, almoft oppofitetoCarthagena, in Spain. It it about a mile and a half in circumference, and well fortified j but commanded by the ad- jacent hills. It was taken by the Spaniard! in 1509, and re-taken by the Algerines in 1708 ; in 1731 the Spaniards became maf- ters of it again, and have kept it ever fince. It is 50 miles from Tremecen, and 11 j W. by S. of Algiers. Lon. o- 5. E. lat. 37. 40. ORANflt:, an ancient and confiderable town of France, capital of-a province of the . I i i a .>^ . fame O R& finne name, vnUei\ to Dauphiny, with » M- ifacp's fte, an univctfity, and ftvcral re- mains of antiquity, fuch as an amphithea- tre, and a triumphal arch. It Uai been very large, as appears by the ruins of the old ualls. The princes of Orange had an an- 1 eient caflle, feated on an eminence, which ' commanded the place. U was furrounded : vrith Arong baftions by prince Maurice, in J 6x1 ; but thefe and the caftle were demo- lirt>^d by the French in 1660, as well as the walls in 1682. It was ceded to the French in 1713, by the king of Pruflia, which wa« confirmed by the treaty of ytrecht. It is feated in a pleafant plain, watered by fevc- ral rivers, ix miles N. of Avignon, and 55 N. E. of Montpellier. Lon. 4. 49, £. lat. 44. 9i N. • Orangeburg, a magnificent caflle or paJace of Germany, in the ele£torate of Brandenburg, feated on the rivr , '^ivel, near Berlin. It is a pleafure^hou^^ .. the ^ing ef Pruflia. Ok AT AVI A, the capital town of the i^nnd of Teneriff, one of the largeft of the Canaries, in the Atlantic Qcean, 150 miles tv. of the coafl of Africa. Lon. 18. 10, W. lat. 28.0. N. * OciBA, an ancient, handfome, and j-'eafant town of SwilTerland, in the country oi Vaude, and capital of a bailiwick, whcfe fovereignty is divided between the cantons of Bern and Friburg. It is feated on a river of the fame nanie, 27 miles S. W. of Friburg, and 40 S. W. of Bern. Lon. 6. 47. E. lat. 461. 42. N. * Ok BALSA N, a town of Italy, in the dominions of the duke of Savoy, and in Proper Piedmont, betwetn Turin and Pig- fjcrol. Lon. 7. 35. E. lat. 44. 48. N. • Orbs, 9 river of Fiance, in Langue- doc, wMch has fource in the mountains of Savenner rear Lodive< It pafTes by Be- zters, and five miles below it i^Hs into the Culpli of Lyons. „., ., 0.6reTe. Lon. 5. 15. £. lat. 46. 4Z. N. Ohgiva, a town of Spain, in the king- dom of Granada, Z5 miles S. of Granada. Lon. '3. 3c. W^ lat. 47. c. N. • Okgon, a town of France, in Pro- vence, with a ruiiied caAle, feated on the S'. bank of the river Durance, 10 mites S. £. of Avignon.. Lon, 5. o. £. lat. 53. 5z. N. AT .<7 Oria, a 'own of ttaly, in the kingdom of Naples and Terra d'Otranto, formerly a confidcrable place, but of fmall account now, though it has a citadel and a bifhcp's fee. It is feated at the foot of the Appen- rines, 3omi)esJt. W. of Otranto. Lon. 18, 4Z. £. lat. 40. 36. N. • Orient; a harbour of France, inBre- tagne, at the bottom of the bay of St, Lewis. $ince the year 17ZO, they have built a handfome town here, where the Eaft India company have large magazines. The Eng- 4|m^a'tempted to become mafters of it in 1746, but mifcarried. Lon. 3. 22. W. lac. 47. 45' N« Or iGuBLA,aconriderabletownof Spain, in the kingdom of Valencia, with a bilhop's fee, and an univerfity. It is commanded by a citadel built on a rock, and feated on the river Segura^ in a fertile and pieafant country, 3^ miles N. of Carthagena, and 103 S. of Valencia. Lon. o. a 3. W. lat. 37. 51. N. • Or 10, a town of Spain, feated on the coaft of Guipufcoa, at tiie mouth ol the river prio, 8 miles S. W. of ii. Sebaftian. Lon. d R L u t, 9. W. lat. 4j. 13. N. Oristaont, an ancient town of th* iHand of Sardinia, With a gondhirbour, and an a>chbi(hop*s fee. It is pretty U'ee, and well fortified, but thinly inhabited, on ac- count of the untiealthy air ; is feated on thd weftcrn coaft, on a hny of the fame name, 42 miles N. W . of Cagliara, and 27 i. of Boza* Lon. 8. 58. £ lat 39. 55. N. Or ixa, a kingdom of Afia, in ImldllM, ' lying on the gulph of Bengal. It is divided from the ancient kingdom of Golconda by a ridge of mountains^ theend of which rum a Utile way into the fea. The prince of this country is a Gentoo, tributary to the Orellt Mogul, and pays to the value of 12,000 pounds yearly. This kingdom abounds in corn, cloth, cattle, deer, and antelopes { bears and monkeys are very numerous, and very tame : there are alfo water fowls, par- tridges, pheafants, and other-birds, in great plenty, bur none dares- to kill them but the prince. It is watered with feveral risers, .'hich tun into the fea, and there are a great many ftone bridges over them, where? great numbers of beggars aflc alms in (htf name of their god Jagranai. There are feJ vtral good towns and harbours on the fta- coaft ; and they have difFtrentmanufaflurei in different places, which have been, or Will be, taken notice of in their order. ' "'''. "' Or L AM ON D, a town of GermanyVTri tMi circle of Upper Ssxony, ?nd in Thuringiai belonging to the duke of Sixe Ootha, feated on the river Sa!a, over-againft the mootH^Jll the river OrIa, from hence it tock its rtahd^ 5omiles S. W. of Leiplick. Lon. ir. l^^S^ lat. 50. er,. N. * Orlando, a cape en the ndrtfitrh coaft of Val-di-D(:mona in Sicily, i5Kintei W. ofPattii Orleanois ProFEV, is a province of France, hounded on the N. by Upper Be^ifte*, on (he F. by Gatinois, ort theS. by Solt^ne and a part of Blaifois^, and on tt e W by Dii^ nois and Vendeniois, It is divider! by the ri- ver Loiie iiro the iipper and lower, and is a very plentiful counny. Orleans, a ciy of France, the capital of Orleanois, an ancitnr, hr?e, handfome, pieafant, and one of the nioft celebrated places in France, with an univei(ity, the title of a duchy, and a bifhop's fer. It is furroundcd with walls, and fortified with forty towers } the f^tieis art larve .md cleaiS, andmuflof them ttimmate at rhe qu.iy, for the convenience of tiade. Th- .noft fuperb rtruflure is the cathedral, ihoogh a Gothic building, v^'hich had the finefl Heepte in France, till it wis damaged in the time of the civil wars. There are az parifhes, and a great O R M « great marty eharchct and rtligieus houfes. TIm bridge was built of ftone, and Tupport* cd by fixieen arches. On it was the ftatue of the Virgin Mary in bronze, holding th^t of Jefui in her anas, at if going to be laid in hit tomb. On one fide of her was the ftatue of Charles VIL on hit knees, and on, the other Joan of Arc, called the Maid of Orleans, drelTed in armour^ Every year, on the lath of May, they make a foltrnn proceflion in memory of Joan. Her ftory is well known} and that the firil exploit Ibe performed was the raifing the fiege of Orleana. But the bridge hat been fince re- built, and was opened in Auguft 1 760 } and now the French boaft that it is the fineft in the world. The town carries on a prodi- gious trade in wine* corn, and brandy, which is occafioned by its advantageous fituation on the river Loire, 32 miles N. £. of Blois, and 67 S. W. of Paris. Lon. i. 59. £. lat. 47. 54. N. Oklkans FoassT, is in the neighbour- beod of the town of tliat name, and con- tains 100,000 acres of land, planted with oak and other valuable trees. It it ona of Che moft confiderable of all France. Orleans, New, a town of N. Ameri* ca, and capital of Louifiana, feated at the mouth of the liver Mifllfippi. It was built in the time of the regency of ttje. duke of Orleant, and it the refidence of the gover- nor. Lon. 87. 5. W. lat. 30. o. N. * OiiSAMs IiLANO, and Towm, are feated in N. America in Canada, and a little 10 the £. of Quebec. Lon. 74. o. W. lat. 47. 6. N, * Orlbtok, a village in Herefordshire, with one fair, on April s4, for horned • ♦ttle. Or MONO, it the north divifion of 'the county of Tipperary in Ireland, with the ti- tle of a duchy. Ormsjcirk, a town of Lancafhire, with ■ market on Tuefdays, and two fairs j viz. on Whit- Monday and September 8, for liorned cattle and horfet. It is feated near the river Douglas, not far from the large meer of Merton, 30 milet S. of Lancafter, and 190 N. N. W. of London. Lon. s. 46. W. lat. 5j. 37. N. Ormus, a fmail iHand of Afia, at the bottom of a gulph of the fame name, at the entrance of the gutph of Perfia. There 1> neither f weet water nor grafs upon ir, be- ini; a kind ot fait fulphureous foil. It was . taken by the Pnrtuttuefe in 1507, who for- tified it ; and it was afrerwards frequented . by a vail number of mercliag; along tlie Rhine, and feparatine it from Alface. It is bounded I on the S. by Breflau ; on the N. by the mar- I gravate of Baden ; and on the E. by the duchy of Wirtemburg. It contains three imperial towns, namely, OfFenburg, Gegen- bach, and Zell. It belongs partly to the houfe of Auftria, partly to the bifhoprick of Spire, and partly to the county of Han- ■au. Orvicto, a town of Italy, in the patri- mony of St. Peter, with a bifhop's fee, and a magnificent palace. In this place there is a deep well, into whic!i mules defcend, to fetch up water, by one pair of ftairs, and afcend by another. It is feated on a craggy rock, near the confluence of the rivers Pagli and Chiana, 15 miles N. of Viterbo, and 50 N. by W. of Rome. Lon. 12. lo. £, lat. 41, 41. N. ORWKtL,a river of Suffolk, which rifing in the middle of that county, runs S. E. by Ipfwich, and falls into the ocean at Land- Suard-fort. OsACA, a large, handfome, and famous town of Japan, with a magnificent caltle. It has a haibour, and is one of the mofl populous and trading places of Japan. Here they proclaim the hours of the night by the founH of different inflruments of mulic. Lon. 114. 55. £ lat. 35 ;o. N. OSER0,nr OsoRo, an ifland in the gulph of Venice, bolongini; to the Venetians, having that of Cherfo to the N. and fo which it is joined by a bridge. The capital Uwn is of the fame name, with a bifhep's OSS i fetf. Lon. 15. 30. E.Iat. 45. o. If. OsiMo, an ancient town of Italy, in the Marche of Ancona, with a rich bifliop's fee, and a magnificent epifcopal palace. Ic is feated on the river Mufone, 10 miles S. W. of Ancona, and iioN. E. of Rome* Lon. 13. 37. E. lat. 43. zo. N. * OsMA, an ancient town of Spain, In Old CaAile, with a bifhop's fee, and an uni* verfity. It is almoft gone to ruin, and is f-vtated on the river Duero, or Douro, in a I ain abounding in all the neceffaries of life, 'do miles N. by W. of Madrid, ami iii N. by E. of Toledo. Lon. 1. 31. W. lat. 4U 34. N. 08NABRU0,a town of Germany, in th« circle of Weitphalia, and capital of a bi-. fhoprick of the fame name, with an univcr- fity and a caftle. It is rich, and the caftls well fortified ; being the refidence of the bilhop, who has brought this place under his power. It is remarkable for a treaty of peace concluded here between Germany and Sweden in 164S, in favour of the Protcflane religion. The Proteflants have two of the churches. The beer of this place is highly eA^emed in Germany. It is feared on the I. ver Haze, 35 miles N. E. of Munfler, and 75 W. of Hanover. Lon. 8. 13, E, lat. ^z, z8.N. * OsNABRvo, the bidioprick of, a pro- vince of Germany, in the circle of Weflpha- lia, bounded on the N. by Lower Munfler; on the S. by Upper Munfler ) on the E. by the territory of Minden ; and on the W. partly by Munfler, and partly by LiogeiK It is remarkable that this bifhoprick is pof>. fefTed by the Papifts and Protellants alteih> nately, according to tl»e tenour of the treaty of Wedphalia. The Proceflant bifhop ia always cliofen by the houfe of Brunfwick- Lunenburg, and the Catholic by the Papifls. The infpe^ion and adminiftration of ecdefi- aflical affair$,however, belongs to theeleAor- of Cologne, as metropolitan ; but the civil affairs are always governed by the Pro- tellant bifhop in his turn. It is 40 miles in length, and 30 in breadth, and divided into 7 bailiwicks ; it abounds in cattle, efpecially in hogs. OfnabiUg is the capital town. OsoRNo, a town of S. America, in Chilf, feated on Rio-Bueno, in a territory where there are mines of gold, 80 miles S. of Baldivia. Lon. 61. 3. W. lat. 40. 40. S» OssoR r, the weflein divifion of Queen's County in Ireland. OssuNA, an ancient and conflderable town of Spain in Andalufia, wi h the title of a duchy, an univcifity, and an hofpiral, 40 miles E. of Seville. Lon. 4. i3. W. lat. J7, 8. N. Ortaolo, O S T OiTAOiOi » u>wn of h»ly$ in tbe terri- tory of Ce/ioa, 15 ipiles N- W. of Genoa. Lon. 1,15. E. lac. 44. 50. N. OsTALR ic, a town of Sp^jo; in Catnlo- f)t9. It had a ftropg cattle, but was taken hy the French and <)«tno)i(he(l in 1695. It it feated on the river Toidera, 24 miles N. S, of Barcelona. Lon. x. 45. E. lat. 24. 44. N. Os T F N o, a very ftrong fea -port town of the Netherlands, in AuArian Flanders, witH a good harbour, and a magniAc : town- boufe. it is not very Urge, but is very well foitified. It vv^s formerly much more confiderable, before the long liege of the Spaniards, which continued from 1601 to 1604, when it was almod entirely reduced to alhes. The Dutch loft 50,000 men, and the Spaniards 80,000. Ifabella Eugenia, governante of tbeNctherlanH^, made a vow flie would nor fhift her fmock before Odtend furteodered ; but before the town was taken it had quite changed its colour. However, the ladies of the court, toktep her in coun- tenance, had theirs dyed, that theirs might be like that of their miftrefs. This place was taken by the Dutch in 1706, but re- Aored to the emperor in 1^23, when an £. India company was eftablifhed here, but entirely fuppreffcd by treaty in 1731. It was taken by the French in Au^uft 1745, after ten days (iege, but rendered back by the tieaty of Aix IsChapelle. It is 10 miles W. of Bruges, 8 N. E. of Newport, a« N. E. of Dunkirk, and 58 N. W. of Bruflels. Lon. 2. 48. E. lat. 51. 17.N. *OsT£RLAND, A canton of Germany, In the ele£lorate of S&xony, bounded on the N. and E. by the duchy of Naumburg, «nd Mifnia ; on the S. by Voigtiand ; and •on the W. by the duchy of Weyniar. Al- 'tf mburg is the capital town. OsTBRPRiZi?. See Fa lESLANn, East. OsTiA, an ancient and celebrated town of Italy, in the Campugna of Rome, fea'ed »t the mouth of the river Tiber, with a bi- shop's fee. It was very famous in the time' of the Romans, but the air being unwhole- fome, it is now very thin of people, and gone to decay ; and the harbour is clioaked up. There is another OiUa, over ajair.ft the former, but it does not contain .ihove S or ic houfes 1' is 1 1 miles S. W. o( Rome. Lon. 12. i'j. E. lai. 4 i. 47. N. OsTiACKs, a peoplf cf Alia, in Siberia, who inhabit the bir.ks of the river Obi. They aie teathens, and worfhip idols made of woor^ and ear? 1 1, f lat. 45. o. N. • OsTRQcoTHiA, the namc of theeaft* em part of Go'hiand. See Gothland. OsTROcoTsxo; a town of RufTia, in the province of Belgorod, 6x miles S. of Woronetz. Lon- 40. ^ >.£. lat. 51.25. N. OsTUNi, a town of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, and in the Terra d'Otranto, with a bidtop's fee. Its territory is welt cultivated, and abounds vvith olives and al- monds. It is feated on. a mountain near the gulph of Venice, az miles N. W. pf Brindifi, and 24. N. E. of Tarento. Lon< 17. 40. E. lat. 40. 59. N. Osweco, a fort of N. America, feated on tie S. fide of tbe lake Ontario, 176 miles E. S. E. of Albany, in Hew-York* Lon. 70. 35. W. lat. 4^. 15. N. f OswEiczEN, a town oi Poland, iti •he falatinate of Cracovia, with the title of w aduc'.y, O T R a duchjr. It carries on a great trade in Talt, and it feated on the river Viftula, 15 miles S. W. of Cracow. Lon* 19. 47. B. lat. 50. I.N. 08WEST«T» a town of Shropfliire, with a market on Mondays, and four fairs, on March 15, May 13, Auguft 15, and De- cember 1 1 , for flieep and horned cattle. It is a corporation, feated near the fpring-head of a fmaH river, and had a wall and a ca> ftle, long fince demoliflied. It has fome trade from Wales, in flannels ; is ig miles N. W. of Shrewfbury, and 157 N. W. of London. Lon: 3. 6. W. lat. 5a. 50. N. Otlev, a town in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire, with a market on Tuefdays, and two fairs, on Auguft i, and November 15, for horned cattle and houfhold goods. It is feated on the river Wheif, under a high craggy clifF, and is but an ordinary place, though the houfes are built with ftone. It is 15 miles W. of York, and 175 N. N. W. of London. Lon. i. 28. W. lat. 53. 50. N. Oto(i.ve, an ifland of America, in the bay of Panama, from whence it is furntftied with provilions. Lon. 8a. 10. W. lat. 7. C.N. * Otranto, orTERRA d'Otranto, a province of Italy, in the kingdom of Na- ples, bounded on the N. by the Teira-di- Barri, and by the gulph of Venice ; on the £. by the fame gulph, and on the S. and W. by a great bay, which is between that and the Balilicata. Jt is a mountainous coun- try, abounding in olives, figs, and wine ; and there is a kind of fpider called a taran* tula, whofe bite is venemous, and cannot be cured but by the found of mulic^al inftru- ments, to which the patients dance; It is often vilited by locufts, and by Algerine pi> rates, who carry all the people they can c»tch into Havery. But, to keep them off, they have built a vaft number of forts upon (he coafts, in which are garrifons. Not> withfiandinp; this, there are a great many towns, and the capital is of the fame name Otb AKTo, a' city of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, and capital of the Terra d'Otranto, with a commodious harbour, an arciibi(hop's fee, and a Atong citadel, where the archbilhop relides. It was taken by the Tjrks in 1480, who did a great deal of m'ifchief, but it is Hnce re eftablilhed. It has alfo greatly fuffered by the pirates. It i« 3 large, handfome place, and is feated on the gulph of Venice, 37 miles S. E. of Brin- diii, and 69 S. E. of Tarento. Lon, 18. 35. E. lat. 40, ai. N. Otricoli, a town of Italy, in the ter- rj,tory of the church, and in the duchy of ■ ' % O V El a SpoIettOf feated on a hill, t milei from the river Tiber, and 35 N. of Rome* Lon. 13. 15. E. lat. 4a. 15. N. Ottona, or Or TON A, an epifcopal town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in tht Hither Abruzzo. It is thin of people, and feated on the gulph of Venice, JO miles N. of Lanciano, and 43 E. of Aquila. Lon. 15. 30. E lat. 4s. aa N. « Ottbnwalo, a fmall territory of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, between the rivers Maine and Neckar, and on the conf^pes of Franconia. and of tha eledlorate of Mentz. It belongs to the elec« tor Palatine. * OTTiaroaD, a village in Somerfet- Ihire, with one fair, on November 17, for bullocks, ^hoifes, flieep, and all forts of li-^ nen and woollen cloth. * Ottzrton, a village in Devonlhire, with two fairs, on Wednefday in EaAer> week, and the firft Wednefday after 0£to« her 10, for cattle. * Otter Y, a village in Devonfliire, with three fairs, on Tuefday fevennight be- fore Eafter, on Wbit-Tuefday, and Auguft 1 5, for cattle. . OuDENAKoe, a rich and Hrongtown of the Netherlands, in AuArian Flanders, in the middle of which there is a confiderable fort. The river Schelde runs acrofs this place and its environs, whoft: foil is very fertile, and forms a large chatcllany. They have here a manufacture of very fine li-. nen, and curious tapeftry. This town was befieged by the French in ?7oS, but they were obliged to raife the fiege by the duko of Marlborough, who entirely routed their army, and took 5000 prifoners. It is is. miles S. of Ghent, 15 N. E. of Tournay^ and 27 W. of BruHTds. Lon. 3. 41. E. lat* 50. 49. OuDRNBVRG, a tovcn of the Auftrian. Netherlands, in Flanders, S miles S« E. of Oflend, and 10 W. of Bruges. Lon. a. o* E. lat. 51. 8.N. OvKKFLACKKc, an Maod of the United Provinces, in liolland, lying at the moutit; of the river Maefe, having the ifland of Vourne on the N> Brabant on the E. the ifland of Schowen on the S. and Goree on the W, Melifand is the principal town. * OvBRToN, a village of Flintfliire, in N. Wales, 8 'miles S. of Wrexham, with four fairs, on Monday before Holy-Thurf- .-lay, June 11, Au^utt 29, and Odtober 18, all for cattle. * OvtRTON, a village in Hampfliire, 8 miles W. by S. of Bafingftoke, with three fairs, on May 4, July 18, and October aa, ,for flifep. K k k Over* OUR OvtRYscKt, a town of the Auflrian Netherlands, in Brabant, feated on the river Yfche, 9 miles N. E. of BruHelt, and lo S. W. of Louvain. Lon. 3.26. £. lat. 50. OvcRYsstL, one of the Seven United Provinces, bounded on the E. by the bifhop- rick of Munfter ; on the N. by Fnedand and the territory of Grnningen ; on the W. by the river yifel ; and on the S. by the e>untyof Zutphcn and the bifhopick of Munfter. It is divided into three diUindt pirts, which are, tbe territoiies of Drcne, Twen'e, and Salland. Ihere are many moraiTes ir thi* nrovince, and but few inha- bitants, in coniparifon of the refl. Its greateft riches confifti in turfs, whicli aie dug up here, and fent to the neighbouting provinces, particularly Holland. OviBuo, a town of Spain, and capital of Afturias d'Ovie'Io, with a bi(lioi>'& fee, •nd an univerfity ; feated at the confluence of the rivers Ove and Dcva, which form the Afta, 50 miles N. W. of Leon, and 208 N. W. of Madiid. Lon. 5. 47. W. lat. 43. »3•^f. * OviNGHAM, a vlllape of Northum- berland, 10 miles W of Ncwcartle, with tvyo fairs, on April i6, and Udober i6, tor fat and lean ho^s. OuLNEY, a town of Buckinghamfliire, with a market on Mondays, and «wo lairs, on Eaftcr- Monday, and June tg, for cat- tie. It is feated on the river Oufe, and is an indifferent place, wh-re the women have a confiderabje manufadlure of bone-lace. It i* li miles S. £. of Northampton, and 54 N. N. W. of London. Lon. o. 50. W. lat. 5». 8. N. Qv L z, a town of I'aly, in Pie(?mont, 12 miles W. of Sufa. Lon. 6. 40. E. lat. 45. O.N. OuNPLE, a town of Norlhamptonftiire, with a market on Saturdays, and three fairs, on February a;, Whit-Monday, and Au ffuft 21, for horfes, fheep, and a few cows. It is pleafantly feated on the banks of the river Nen, ove. which there ate two bi idges j is well built, has a handfome church, a free fchool, and an alms-houle. It is 36 miles N. E. of Northampton, and 65 N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 30. W. lat. 52. 30. N. OuRBM, a town of Portugal, in Ertre- Itt^dura, with a caftle ftijnding on a moun- tain, between the rivers Lcira and Tomar. Lon. 7. 4.0. W. lat. 39. 34. N. • Ou R I Q,«, a town of Portugal, in Alen- tejo, remarkable tor a viftory obraintd by A'phonfo king of Portugal, over five Mooi- ifh kmgs, in 1 1 39. Tt:e Ltads ot tliefc five O X F kings ai. ha arms of Portugal. It is 3* miles S. E. 01 Lilbon. ' Lon. 7 40. W. lat, 37. 36 N. OusE, a river which rifes in the N. of Yofkfhiie. runsS. £. by York, Cawood, and Selby, and falls into the Humber to the W. of St. Cay. Oust, a river which rifes oear Fitwell in Oxfordfhire, and proceeds to Buckingham, Stnny-Stratford, and Newport-Pagnef, in Buckinghamfliire ; from thence it proceeds to Bedford, and turning N. B. it paffes on 10 Huntintjdort knd Ely, till at length it ac« rives at Lynn-Regis in Norfolk, and falls into the fea. * OusTioUG, a town of thcRuflianem' pire, and capital of a province of the fame name, with an archbifhop*s fee, and a caftle } feated on the river Suchana, over-againlt the mouth of the Jug, 100 miles below Wo- logda, and loc above Archangel. Lon. 43. 25. £. lat. 61. 48. N. * OusTiouc, a province of the Ruftian empire; bounded on the N. by Dwina, on ihe £. by the foreft of Zirani, on the S. by Wologda, and on the W. by Cargapol and Waga. It is divided into two parrs by the river Suchana ; is full of forefts, and the ri* vers yield plenty of fifh, which the inhabi- tants dry in the fun, and which make their principal nourifhment. * OwcR Mayne, a village in Dorfet- (hife, witli one fair, on October 10, for liorfes, cattle, and toys. * OwERRA, or OvBiRo, 3 town and territory of Africa, in the kingdom of Be- nin, in Guinea. The air is unwhoifome, and the foil dry and lean \ however, thera are feveral kinds of fruits, fuch as bana* nas and cocoa-nuts. The inhabitants arc well made, and are all marked with three inrilions, one on the forehead, and one on each temple. Lop. 6. o. £. lat. 6. o. N. *OxBROuGH, n village in Norfolk, with one fair, on March 25, for horfes and toys. OxFOR D, the capita] of Oxfordfhire, with two ni rkets, on Wednefdays and Sa- turdays, but no fairs. Jt is a city, a bifhop's fee, and an univerfity, and befides ti.e ca- thedral, has 13 parifh-churches. It is feat- ed at the confluence of the rivers Ifis and Ch^rwell, on an eminence almoft furround- ed with meadows, except on the E. fide. T^e whole town, with the fuburbs, is of a circular form, 3 miles in circumference. It ccnfiftti chitfly of two fpacious ftreeis, which crofs each other in the middle of the town. The uitiveifity contains 20 colleges, and 5 iiails> feveial of whi.lt &And in the ftreets, which 6^ W PAD Which give the city an air of magnificence. In (hort, if it be taken altogether, there is not fujh another ^rriupe of buildings, ror fuch another univerfity in the world ; which all travellers (hat have feen it confcfi. In point of fituation it has ntuch the advan- tage of Cambridge for health and pleafure. It is governed by a mayor and aldermen, in fubjedlion to the chancellor and vice- chancellor of the univeiit'y. It fends four mein'oers to parli?ment, two for the univer- 6ty, and two for the city, and has the title of an earldom j is a^ miles W. S. W. of huckingham, 52 W. S. W. of B^dfan', and 55 W. by N. of London. Lon. 1. ■«}• W. lat. $1. 45. N. OxFORDSH iR I, a county of England, 47 fDiles in lenjjth, and 29 in h!ead(h> bounded on the E. by Buckin^hamfhirej on the W. by Gloucel^erdtire, on the S. by Berkihir?; Hnd on the N. by Warwickshire and North- ampronlhire. It contains about 19,000 houfes, 114,000 inhabitants, z)So pnnlhes, 12 maket- towns, and fends 10 members ^o par)tamen'. The air is fweet, mild, pleafant^ and healthy, for which reafon it contains feveral gcntlemens feats : and the foil, though various, is fertile in torn and grafs, and the hills are (haded with woods. It is alfo an agreeable fport- ing country^ there being abundance of game. Oxus, a river of Aiia, much taken no- tice of in ancient hiftories, but does not rife in the N. of India, as mod writers af- Arm i for, according to the bel^ and latell maps, made by thofe who have been upon the fpot, it ran a courfe of about z6o miles, irom the Cafpian Sea to the Lake Aral, whufe dimenlions have lately been difcover- cri, and is but very lately kno^'n to the Europeans ; but, as it pafTes thro' a ddart country abounding with fands, the inhabi tants fo diverted its courfe, that the old channel can hardly be difcovered. * Oyk, a town of France, in Boulon- nois, capital of a county of the fame name. The EngiiOi were in p'^fTefTion of it till Ca- lais was taken from them. It is 3 miles from Gravelines, and 5 from Calaih. Lon. a. o. £. lat. 51. o. N. OzwiKziN, a town of Little Poland, feated on the river Weitchfel, near the bor ders of Silefia ; the houfes aie built of wood, and the town is covered on one fide with » great morafs, and on the nther defended by a caftle, whofe waiu are of wood. It is 5a miles W. ol Cracow. Lon. 19. o. E. lat. 50. 10. N. t'P. ■ *-*'■ "pAcAMnRts, a government of S. Ame- ^ rica, in Peru, and in the audience of Q^ito. The air is temperate, and ii abounds in corn, cattle, and mines of gold. * Ha c E M, a town of Afia, in the iHand of Sumatra, in the E. Indie?, and in the kingdom ot Achem, Lon. 97. 35. E. lat^ 5, 2. N. Pachamac, a valley of S. America, in Pei u, celebrated for its pleafantnefs and fer« tility, but more for a magnificent temple, built by the incasof Peru, to the honour of their god. When the Spaniards conquered Peru, they found immenfe liches therein. It is 10 miles S. of Lima. Paciisu, a fm:ill ifland in the Mediter- ranean Sea, near the coaft of Epirux, and in European Turky. It lies to the S. of Corfu, and to the W. of the gulph of Arfu. It is fubjedlio Venice. Pacific Oc£AN,otherwifecaned the S. Sea, lies between Afia and America, and is upwards of 10.000 miles in breadth. It had its name from being fuppofcd free from iiorms and tempers ; but this many f< W. lat. 37. 4. N. Palais, a town of Franc?, in Lower Navarre, and in the diocefe of Bayonne ; feated on the river Ridoufe, 11 miles S. E. of Bayonne, Lon. i. 1. W. lat. 43. 31. N. * Palais, a ftrong town of France, in Bretagne, and capital of the ifland of Belle- Ifle. Lon. 3. 1 5. W. lat. 47. so. N. Palamboang, or Palambang, a town of A(ia, in the Eaft Indies, and in the ifland of Java, capital of a kingdom ; feated at the E, end of the ifland, on the Araits of Bally, and feparated from the ifland of Bjlly by a narrow channel. Lon. 114. o. E. lat. 7. 30. S, Palamos, a ftrong fea-port town of Spain, in Catalonia, with a very good har- bour } feated on the Mediterranean Sea, iz miles S. E. of Gironne, and 47 N. E. of Barcelona. Lon. 3. 1 1. E. lat. 41. 48. N. Pa LANK a, a town of Upper Hungary, in the county of Novigrad, feated on the river Ibola, 17 miles N. of Novigrad, and 37 N. of Buda. Lon. 19. 23. E. lat. 48. 3. N. ' • Palapolt, a town of Afia, in Nato- lia, and on the coaft of Caramania, with a Greek bifliop's fee. It is feated at the mouth of a fmall river. Lon. 33. z6. E. lat. 36. 5». N. Palatinate, a confiderable province of Germany, divided into the Upper and Lower. The Upper Palatinate is alfo called the Palatinate of Bavaria j fee Bavaria. And the Lower Palatinate, or Palatinate of the Rhine, is an deflorate. It is bounded on the N. by the archbifliopricks of Men'.z and Triers } on theE. by the circles of Fran- conia and Suabia ; and on the W. and S. by Alfatia. It is about 100 (niles in length, and 70 in breadth, and the principal rivers ■are the Rhine and the Neckar, befldes feve- ral other fmaller Areams. It is not a very rich country, though there are very fine vineyards, fertile fields, handfome forefls, good gardens, and the rivers and lakes abound' in fifti ; befldes, there are cattle, game, and wild fowl ; without mentioning timber, which is very common : however, there are neither mines, nor falt-works. In general, the Lower Palatinate has fuf- fered more by the preceding wars with France, than ail the provinces of Germany put together, during the fpace of 30 years j (or tlie French have plundered the country, and demolifhed fome of its fine towns, more than once. Tie Papifts, Calvinifts, and Luthetans, have a^ equal tight of toleration P Ai; In this country. The Palatinate confiAi cf 13 bailiwicks, namely, Heidclherjt, Mof- bach, Bretten, Roxberg, Utzber^, Nkuflad:, Getmerfheim, Lantern, Altzey, Oppenheim, Bachcrach, Stromburg, and Boeckelheim. Thefe are all comprthended in the circle of the Lower Rhine j but, vn the eaftern fide of that river, the elector pofleflfet the prin- cipality of Simern, and the bailiwick of Kreutznach, and Kirckburg. The revenue of the eteAor is about 300,000 I. a year, and in time of peace he maintains a body of about 60CO men. Palazzuolo, a town of Sicily, in the Val>di-Noto, 80 miles S. V\ of Mcflina. Lon. 15. 5. E. lat. 37. 3.N. Palazzuolo, a town of Italy, in thp territory of Venice, and in the Breflan } feated on the river Ogliu, over which there is a (lone bridge, 30 miles N. E. of Milan, and 25 N, by W. of Cremona. Lon. 10. 12. E. lat. 45. 3c. N. Palincia, a town of Spain, in th.e kingdom of Leon, with a rich archbilhop's fee. It had an univerflty, but it was re- moved to Salamanca. It is feated in a fer« tile foil, on the river Carion, on the fron- tiers of Cadile, 42 miles S. W. of Burgos, and 115 N. by W. of Madrid. Lon. 3. 7. W. lat. 42. 10. N. Palxbmo, an ancient, large, populous, rich, and handfome city of Sicily, in the Val-di>Mazara, with an archbifhop^s fee, and a harbour. It was the feat of the an- cient kings, and is 4 miles in circumfer- ence. It is a place of gi6at trade, the ftreets handfome, and houfes fuperb, well forti- fied, and very populous. The publte buildings, fquares, churches, and fountain!,, are extremely fine. The fountain in the- great fquare is thought to be the Aneft in all Italy. The number of the inhabitants is above 200,000, and the harbour is very large, having a mole 1 300 geometrical paces in length ; but the veffels that ride therein' are not always very fafe. There is a mag- nificent caftle built near the fea-fide, whereia the viceroy refides fix months in the y«ar ; and his prefence draws a great number of the nobility to this place. The laft king was crowned at Palermo in July 1735.^ This city has fufTered greatly by earthquakes, particularly in 1693 ; and it was greatly damaged by a fire in 1730, when a maga- zine of powder was blown up, containing 400 tons. It (lands in a pleafanr, fruitful country, on the N. coaft of the illand, and at the bottom of the gulph of the fame name, 1 10 miles W. of MefHrni, 1 72 S. by W. of Naples, and 245 S. of Rome. Lon. 33. 40. £. lat. 38. ic N. - --■<.-. - Pa- PAL t*ALXiTiNt, a country of Tuiky in AAa, and in Syria. It waiancirntly called the country of the Philidines, and, tMsfore that, tlie Land of Canaan, and lieH alon)i; the Medicenanean Sea. At prefent tliey beftow the name of this territory likewife on Judea, and therefore, taking in the whole extent, it is bounded on the N, by Mount Libanus ; on the £. by mount Her- mon, which feparatcs it from Arabia De> feita { on the S. by Arabia Petrea ; and on the W. by the Mediterranean Sea. Ic was called Haledine from the Philiftines, who inhabited the feacoan, and Judea from Ju- dah ; as alfo the Holy Land, bccaufe it was the fcene of the birth and fuflfcrinss of Jefus Chrift. At prefent it is a poor, barren country, whicli perhaps may be owing to the indolence of the inhabitants } for it was for- merly called a land flowing wiih milk and lioney. About Jerufalem the country is mountainous and rocky, which however lerves to feed (heep and catt!e< Palrstrina, a town of Italy, in the ^ampagna-di-Roma, with a bilhop's fee. It is the capital of a piincipality of the fame name, and the bifhop is one of the fix car- dinals. It was anciently famous for the temple of Fortune, being then called Prx- nefte, and feated on the top of a mountain, the ruins of which may yet be feen. The prefent place is built to the S. of the fame mountain, a 5 miles E. of Rome. Lon. 12. ^5, E. lat. 41. 51. N. * Palcstrina, is one of the largefl .and mofl populous of the idands called the I.agunes^ near Venice, and where the mod f onfiderable of the noblemen have houfes of pleafure^ It is 1 5,000 paces in length, and 400 in breadth ; the principal harbour has alfo the fame name. pAtiCATA, a fea-pnrt town of Ana,in the Eaft Indies, and on the coaft of Coroman- del, and kingdom of Carnate. The Dutch have a fadlory here. It is 25 miles N. of Madrafs, Lon.. 81. 31. E. lat. 13. 34. N. Palimbuam, a town of Afia, and ca- pital of a kingdom of the fame name^ in the iiland of Sumatra, in the Eafl Indies. It is leated on the eaftern coaft, no miles N. £. of Bencoolen, and is fubjeA to the Dutch. Lon, 10;. 15. E. lar. 3. 8. S. PALMAjdrPALMA NovA, a vcry ftrong town of Italy, in the territory of Venice, and in Friulj, It is a very important place, for the defence of the Venetians againft the y\vflrian$ and Turks, and was built in 1 593, for that very purpofe. They have cut a ca- fial near this place, which is very advantat;e- fus. It is feated on th< fc^-Ode, lo miles $, E. of Udino, and 55 N. E. of Venice. p A i. Lon. 13. 15. E. lat. 46. 9. N. Pa L M A, a town of Portugal, in the pri^* vince of Alentejo, feated on the liver Ca- do4n, 14 miles E. of St. Ubes. Lon. 9. c*. W. lat. 38. 30. N. Pa l m a, a town of S. America, in Ter- ra Fiima, and in the province of Granada^ 50 miles N. W. of St. Fe-de-Bijota. Lon. 74. o. W. lat. 4. 30. N. Palm A, an illand in the Atlantic Ocean, and one of the Canaries, 36 miles N. W. of Gomcra, and about 75 in circumference. It abounds in wine and fuv;ar, and has a handfome town of the fame natne, which c.4ri ies on a trade in wine to the Welt Indiea and other partsi Their beft vines grow in a foil called the Brenia, where they make 17,000 butts of wine every year, which Ts Well known by the name of palm-wine. It has plenty of cattle, and all forts of fruits. In 1635 a volcano broke out in this iflanc', with a moft violent earthquake, the flame was feen for fix weeks together, and a great quantity of alhes were thrown as far a« Tey neriff. It was conquered by the Spaniards in 1460. Palm AS, CA*e,.a prorhontory in Afri- ca, on the Ivory Coall of Guiney. Lon. S. • •. W. lat. 4. 30. N. • Palmela, a town of Portugal, in Eftramaduia, with a caftle built an a rock ; feated on the river Gadaon, 5 miles N. of Setuval, and 17 S. E. of Lifbon. Lon. 8. 8. W. lat. 38. 30. N. Palmyba, formerly a magnificent city of Alia, in the deferts of Arabia, of which Zenotia was queen, who held it out a long; time againft the Romans, but was at lefigth' taken captive, and led in triumph through the ftreets of Rome. Several Englilh ge"n- tlemen have taken a journey from Aleppoy (o view its magnificent ruins ; and partico- larly Mr. Wood, an ingenious gentlemany went thither on purpofe, properly attendedy to take drai)ghtsof thofecuiious antiquitits, which have fince been publifbed in a very pompous manner, and are well worth tlie notice of the curious, This part of the de- fert is ufually menrinned hy geographers by the name of the Dcfert of Paimyrene, or Tadmor. It is 200 miles S. £. of Aleppo. Lon. 39. o. E lat. 33.0. N. Palos, a town of Spain, in Andalufia, with a pretty good harbour ; remarkable for being the place from which Chriftophtr Columbus fet fail to difcover the new world 1491. It is feated at the mouth of Rio m Tinto, 50 miles S. W. of Seville. Lon. 6. 5. W. lat, 37. 8. N. Palos, Cafz, a promontory of Spain, in the kingdom of Murcia, to the S. of a towii PAN t$ffn of the fame name, and which feparatei cite bay of Carthagcna from that of Alicant, lo miles E. of Carthagena. Lon. o. 40. yf. bt. 37. 40. N. Palota, a town of Lower Hungary, and in the county of Alba Regalii, taken by the Emperor from the Turks in 1687. It is 40 miles S. W. of Bu(ia. Lon. 18. ao. K. lat. 47. 30. N. • Paluoa, a town of Afia, in the go- vernment of Erzerum, feated near the Eu- phrates. It is inhabited by Mahometans and Chrini.ins, and it is believed the Armenian characters were fird invented here. Lon. 39. 25. E. lat. 38. 35. N. • Talus Meot IS, the ancient name of a gulph between Europe and Afia, to the N. of the Bla.lc Sei, now called the Sea of Zabach, and fometimes the Sea of Afoph. Famiers, a handfome town of France, in Upp^r Laoguecloc, and in the territory of F' ix, with a bifliop's fee. It is not (0 confiderable now at formerly, nor is it peo pled in proportion to its extent. It is feated on the river Ariek>e, 8 milcb N. of Foix, and 37 S. of Touloufs. Lon. i. 40. E. lac. 43. 8. N. • Pampklonne, a town of France, in Languedoc, iz miles from Alby. Lon. 2. 21, E. lat. 44. 7. N. Pampf. LUNA, a town of Spain, and ca- pital of the l Ame- rica, boundfd on the N. by that of the Amasons ; on the E. by Brafll } on the S*. by Patagonia ; and on the W. by Peru and Chili. The territories of the mifTions of Paraguay not only contain the province of that name, but part of Santa Cruz dc la Sierra, Tucuman, and Buenos Ayres. The temperature' of the air is good, though fome- what moirt, and in fome parts it is rather cold than hot. The foil in many places is fertile, and produces not only the vegetables and fruits peculiar to America, but alfo ihofe of Europe which have been introduced here. The chief articles of their trade are, cotton, tobacco, fome fugar, and the herb called Paraguay. Every town gathers an* nually sooo arnbas of cotton, 25 pounds weight each, which the native AmericariS manufafiure into cloth. There are alfo great quantities of tobacco produced ; but the cliief article is the herb Paraguay, whith only );rows in this country, and the infu- fion of it is drank in all the Spanifh pro- vinces of S. America, inAead of tea and chocolate. It is now about a century and a half fmce the Jefuits entered this province, and the inhabitants confirt of Cuaranees, which the impolitic Poitugueze drove from their native country by their opprefTiOns j as alfo of the natives of Tape. According to a very exafl accrfunt in 1734, there were 32 towns of tlie Guaranees, inhabited by 30,000 workmen. The mifTions of Para- guay are furrounded on all fides by favage Americans, fome of which live in ftiendfhip with thofe 'towns, and others harrafs them by frequent incurfions ; ~ for which reafon every town has its magazine, in ^hich are their fire arms and other weapons. The miliiia is compofed of all that are able to bear arms, and they are formed into com- panies, each of which hath proper ofRcers. They have alfo fhools in each towp, where the common people aie taught reading and writing, as well as mufic and dancinfr. The cliurc'ics are large, well built, finely adorned and enlightened, and each has a choir of mufic, compofed of inftruments of all PAR iM forti. The houfis ire at well built tnd furnilhcd at mod of the Spanifh houfe* in l*«ni{ tht trtatcft part ind««d havt mud- vratli, and arecovcrtd with tiln j but ihtrc art foiiM of bilck and (lone. There It a fort of nunnery in eVery town, where wo men are confined who art loofc livert, and where thoft who havt no family re'ire when their hufbandi arc abfent. The Cua- raneet are To prufuTe and negligenti that the priells are obliged to take all the nnanu- faAurtt off their handt when they are ready for faie, otherwUe they would WafU and deAroy them. Paiaiiai a town nf 8. America, in Brafil, in the caprainfhipi and at the mouth of a river of the fame name. The Dutch got pofTtflion of it in i6j5, and fortified it Mrith a niRht rampart } but the Portuguefe retook it Toon after. The foil it pretty fer- tile, and producet fugar-canet and a great number of tract of Brafil wood. Lon. 76. 53. W lat. 6. 50. S. Pabaisa, tht moft northern province tf Brafil, in S. America^ lying between Rio-Orande to the N. and the river Tama- rack to the S. the ocean to the E. and Fi- guarea to the W. It it fub)eA to Poriural. Pa a ANA, a province of Paraftuay, in S America, bounded on the S. and £. by a great river of tht fame name ; and on the N. by the piovlnce of Guaray. It it in the handt of the Jefuits, who have prevailed upon the people to forfake their dwellings in tht woodt, and live in towni, where they are formed into focietiet, and inftrudled in the ChriAian religion. * Pabav LB-MoNiAL, a town ot t'rance in Burgundy, feared on the river Bourbince. 190 mileaS. of Parit, Lon. 4. t%, E. lat. 46. 17. *' pABCHiM, a pretty conflderable town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and duchy of Mecklenburg ; feated on a fmall river which falli into the Elbe, in a countiy inriflferently fertile, and the Inha- bitantt maintain rhemfelves by their manu faAuret and trade. It is is milett N E. •f Neiftadt, and so S. E. of Schwerin. Lon. IS. 15. E. lat (3. 36. N. Pabdo, a palace of the king of Spain, in New Caftite, 5 milesi from Madrid, on the road to the Efiurial, with a fire pa-k and gardens, it is a large, fquare building, flanked with four towers, and the principal front hat a handfome fquare before i'. (he rooms are embelliihcd with fine piAures, among which are the kin.cs of Spain in their ancient habits. Pabbnzo, « fmall, but ftrong town of ItMlyt and in I Aria, with a biAiop's fee and PAR i t^ fiarbour. It it feated en the gotph of Venice, 15 milet S. of Cabo di lliria, and 60 E. of Verice. fr fubmiDrri in tht Vcnetiaht in la 67. Lon. 13. 46. E. lat* 45 *V N. • Pa II o A , a rtrong town of the tei rirery of Vcn ce, on the coafi of Albania, ovcr< againrt the ifland of Cor fu^ with a commo- diout harbour. It it inhabited by G erka and Albancfe^ and feated on a rock. Lon. ao. 47 E. lat. 39. aS. N. Pabia, or New ANDAtvsM, a coun- try of S. America, and in Terra Pirma, be- ing bounded on the N. by the N Sta ) on the E. by Surinam { on the W. b> New Granada and Caraicat | and on the S by Guiana. The N. part it called Cumana. The fta coaft it moft inhabited, on whikh there ate feveral rownt. • Pabima, a iakeof S. Ameti.-a, much talked of by former geographers, but it it now no where to be found. • PabILLA, or SaHTA PABfLtA, a town of S. Ameiica, in Peru, and in the audience of Lima} feaied In a valley, on the river SantB, and on the fea fhore, 50 milei from Truxillo, and 150 N. of Lima. Lon. 77. o. W. lat. 9, •. S. Pakts, the capital of France, and ore of the largeH and moft populous ei its inEurope. It it divided into three parts, the town, tSo city, and the univetfity } and tleie are so cantons, called quarters, wheitiin ate 967 thoroughfare Itreett, and 85 through wMch there are no palTagei } 50,000 houiei, of which 500 are very large, and are all called hotels ; 5s parifhea, and so churches, bo- lides zo chapter and collegiate churchea { aa alfo 80 churches and chapels which are not parochial } 3 abbeys of men, and $ of wo- men } 53 ccnvenis and communitica of monks, and 70 nunneiies and commonitiea of women, which make 134 in all. Thera are alfo 3 ecclefiaftical jurifdiAions, and 31 fecular ; 57 colleges, of which 10 are madt great uie of, 15 feminaries, 26 hofpitalt, IS prifont, 50 public fquares, 56 public fountains, 30 quays, iz markets, 30 bridges lE:reat and fmall, 8 gardens am! public walks, 64 beards of bairiert foe the law, ss boar el Dieu, ihe General Holnital, the S»lpetrieie, the Hofpitahoi Foundlings, and for Lunatics. The mo A remaikable buildings are, the Lcuvre, the palace of the Thuilleries, the royal p;«fs, having at his feet four n.-)tions in chains, snd viftory putting;: the crown on bis h^ad. Tiie parliament is the moA fa- mous in the kingdom, whofe jurifji^ion has the greateA extenr._ There are alfo a boards of accounts, a court of aids, a mint, and a trcafury. Tite chatelet is an old ca- Ale, wherein the chief magiArates admini- Aer juAice. Paris is very plcafantly feated on the river Seine, which runs through the middle of it. The principal bridt,es are. the Pont-Neuf, wheicon is the equtArian Aatue of Henry IV. and Pont Royal. It is 70 miles S. of Rotten, 2zj Si E. ofLendeo, PAR 615 N. W. of Vienna, and 625 N. E. af Madiid. Lon. z. 35. £. lat. 48. 50, N. V> - torgot to mention that many of the houfes aie 7 Aorieshigh. P/^RMA, an ancient, rich, populous, and handfome town of Italy, capital of the du- chy uf the fame name, with a citadel, a bi(hop*s fee, and an univerfity. It hr\s a magnificent-cathedral, and the largeA opera- houfe in Europe, which has feats for 8000 people ; but as it required a vaA number of candles, which occafioned great expence, they have contrived another which has room for aoco fpe^ators. Tl;e dome and the church of S. John are painted by the fa- mous Corref,lo, who was a native of ihis place. Don Carlos, king of the two Sici- lies, carried away the library to Naples, which contained i8,oco volumes, and a very valuable cabinet of curiofities, as alfo the rich collection of medals. The citadel, which is very near t> e city, is buili in the fame taAe as that at Antwerp. In 1734 tl .re was a bloody batle fought here ; and, in 1 741, by the treaty of Aix la-Chapelle, tlie du.hies of Parma, Placentia, and GuaAalla, were given to Don Philip, bro- liier to Don Carlos above-mentioned. It is 30 miles S. E. of Cremona, and 30 S. £. of Milan. Lon. 10. 51. E. lar, 44. 50 N. Parma, the duchy of, a pivyvince of Italy, bounded on the N. by the Po ; on the N. E. by the Man.uan ; on the E. by the duchy of Modena ; on the S. by Tufcany j and on the W. by the duchy of Placentia. Tiie air is very wholefome, on which ac- count the inhabitants live to a great age. Tiie foil is '-ery fertile in com, wine, oil, and hemp ; the paAu>es feed a great num> ber of cattle, and the cheefe was in very high eAeem. Here are inconfiderable mln«$ of copper and filver, and plenty of truffles, which many are very fond of. Parn<\ssus, now called P.^BNASsa, a famous mountain of Turky in Ada, and in Livadia, ne.ir the ruins of Delphos. It has two heads, one of which was formerly very famous for being confecrated to Apollo and the Mufes, and the other to Bacchus. It is the hightA in Greece, and from the top there is a profpeA as far as Corinih. Tke Turks call it Licaoura. Parnav, a fmall but very Arong town of the Ruffian empire in Livonia, with a ca« Ale. It has been taken and retaken feveral times, and is feated near the mouth of the river Pernau, 50 miles S. W.. of Revel, and So E. of Riga. Lon. 24. 27. £. lat. 58. a6. N. Par OS, an ifland of the Archipelaito, andl one of the CycUdesi abQut 10 miles in lengthy f. so. N. ly ot the PAR cn|th, and 8 in breadth. The foil is well cultivated, and the paftures feed a great number of flocks Thetr trade confifls in whear, bai1ev« wine, puife, fefamum, and caliicoes It dirt produce a great deal of eii, but the Venetian army burnt all t'e dive trees. They have a g'eat number of partridges and puteons, which the> fell very cheap. The inhabitants have been always accounted people of goodftnfe; ^nd thi» ifland has been fo famous for its marble, that (he beft ca vers would make ufe of no other ; likewife thcfe excellent ftatnaries Phidias and' Praxiteles, were natives of this ifland, which was anciently dedicated to Bacchus, on account of its excellent wines. It lies near that of Naxia, and Paros is the capital (own. The Arundelia were brought from hence. * Pa BOS, an ancir.ttown oft^c Arclii- pelago, and capital of the ifle of Paros, whic*> was anciently the larged and moA powerful town of the Cydades j bur it is at prefent little or nothing to wiiat it was. The walls of the caAlc are built of ancitr^n pieces of marble, and mod of the columns are placed long wavs ; fome of them t^at ftand upright fupport corniflies of an amaz- ing fize. The natives make their houfcs with marble, which they find rearfy cut to their hands } but they never trouble their heads about placing the pieces in a regular manner. Their fields likewife are enclofer with friezes, altars, and baiTo relievos i however, the Englifli, French, and Veneti ans have carried away the fineft pieces they could meet with. The inhabitants are fo ignorant now, that, inftead of great fculptors, and fkilful architeds, they have nothing but carvers cf mortars and fait fel- lers. It is a bifhop's fee, snd feated on the weftern coaft of the ifland. Lon. 25. 36. E. lat. 37. 3 N. Pahtenay, a town of France, in Poi- tou, and capital of a fmalldiftiia called Ga- tine. It carries on a confiderabie trade in cattle and corn, and it is feated on the ri ver T'^ue. i < miles S. of Thouars, and 1 <; N. of St. Mafcent, Lon. o. 19. W. lat. 46 40. N. Partenkirk, a town of Germany, in the circle of Bavaria, 40 miles S. W. of Munich. Lon. 11. o. E. lat, 47. 30. N. Partria, anciently a province of Alia. The greateft part now lies in Irac-Agemi, and the other in Khoraflen In Perfia. • Partney, a village in Lincolnlhire, 10 miles E. by N. of Splifl>y, with three fairs, on Aug. a 5, Sept. 18 and 19, and Oft. 1 8 and 19, fpr catUe, and all forts of cloathing, PAS Pas, a town of the French Netherlands, in Artoit, ix miles S. W. of Arras. Lon. 3, 30. E lat. 50 15. N. Pa I SLAY, a town of Scotland, in the ctunty of Renfrew. It is finely feated, is t' e beft -own in tie county, and formerly noted for its magnificent abbey. It is 6 miles W. ofGUfgow. Lon. 4 xo. W. lat. sS 45- N. • Passao, a cape or promontory of S, Ameiica in Peru, lying under the equator, Lon. 79. c. W. * Passage, a fea-port town of Spain, in the province of Bifcay, and m the terri- tory of Guipufcoa It is a ftation of ths S;.anifli men of war, and where the French bumtfeveralof tliem irt the laft war between France and Spain. It is a little to the E. of St. SebaAian, and 60 miles E. of BiJboa* Lon. I. 53. W. lat. 43. i^. M. Passaro, a remarkable cape of the ifland of Sicil,. It is in the Val-di Noto, to tie E. of the town of that name, and j ^ins the eaftern coart of this ifland to the fouthern. In the neiglbourhood tlie F.ngliflt and S|.f. of Ar- miro, and that of Zeton. * Passarvan, a townof Afia, in theC Indies, and in the ifland of Java. Lon* 116 55 E. iat. 7. 30. S. Passav, an ancient, handfome, andce- lebra'ed town of Germany, in Lower Ba* varia, with a bilhop's fee, and a fort. The houfes are well-built, and the cathedral il thought to be the fintft in all Germany. It is divided into four parts, namely, the town of Pafl'au, Innfladt, 11 zfladt, and the quar« ter wherein the bifliops's palace is feated* The three fit ft are fortified; but the ltd, which is only a fubutb, has nothing but an old caAI«>, wherein the bilhop generally rc- lides. It is feated at the confluence of the rivers Inn aid Iltz, 61 miles E by S. of Ratifbon, and 135 V/. of Vienna. Lon. 13. 34. E lat. 48. a6. N. • Passao, the hiflioprick of, is a terri- tory of Germany, in Bavaria, and lies be- tween Lower Bavaria, Auftna, and Bohe- mia. Its largeft extent is no where above 20 miles, and has no conliderable place ex- cept Paflau, the capital. • PAssEWALK.a fmall town of Germa- ny, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and in the territories of the eleftor of Branden- bi"g. It is feated on the river Ucker, ant] is famous for its excellent beer It is 15 miles from Prentxlow, and 15 fretnTorgt- Lll t low. ■■•'; 'i\ : i; ' ■ •'■P>M- PAT {•w. IfOfit 13. 15. E. lat. $3. %t.H, Passion lAMO, a town of Italy, in the territory of the Churcbf feated on the lake pcrugia. 1^0$ tt. 15. E. lat.. 43. it. N. pAi^TOfOr St. Juan di Pabtp,* town of St. America, in Popayan, feated in a fine pleafant valley, watered by feveral ri- ven. It it fio otilet N. of Quito, «nd fub'ed to Spain. Long. 74, 15. W. lat. i. 5a.' N. *Pa«tkana, a town of Spain, inKew Caftile, with the title of « duchy } feated between the rivers Tajo and Tajuna, 3 a miles E* of Madrid. Lon. 2. 30. 'V/.h'. 40. PATAGpNiA, the moftfoutherfi part of S. America, whofe bounds are not well fj«term>ned. All that yre know of the in- habitants is, that they are a favage barber- ops people, of a copper colour, like the reft of the Americans, with poarfe black iiair, I and 1)0 beards. They are mightily addiAed to painting themfelves, and make ftreaks f)n their faces ap^ bodies. They go almoft Aark- naked, having only a fquare garment, in the form of a blanket, made of the Ikins pf fisvcal animals, and fewed together, v/hich they foretimes wrap round theip ip extreme cold weather ; fnd they have alfo a cap of the fkins of fowls on iheir heads. Sir John Narborough has given the heft acr count of them ; for foimer voy^igers repte- fented them as monftrous (riants of elevc/i feet high, whereas they ar^ no taller than the other Americans. The women, as in pther places, are very fond of nec^lapes and bracelets, which they make of fea Iheils This country abounds with an animal, call- ed camel- flieep l}y feme authors, but their true name is guanacoes. Thpy partake of the nature of a camel, though thev have no bump, and (hey were formerly made ufe pf to carry burthens. They have alfo ^ Ibird like an oftrich, but not fo large, and they differ from the African oftriches |n having three toes, whereas thofe have but two. * Patan, a kingdom of ACiat in the S- Indies, i|nd in the peninfulaof Malacca, and on the eaftern coaft betv.'een the king doms of Siam and Paha. I'he inhabitants are partly Mahometans and partly G^ntoos ; but they are all very voluptuous. TJe air ^8 who'efome, though very hot, and they have no frafpns but the winter and fummer. The former is more properly the rainy fea- fon, and contains the moqths of November^ December, and January. The woods are ^ull of elephants, and many wild animals. Some voyagers pretend that this country is |ov^r|W(| by a ^tieep, >Yb« ncYcr in«rrie«| PAT but maj htve as many g>'iianti ai fh« pleafes. Th'y have fome trade with the Chinefe, and the principal town is of the fame name, wbieh is one of the ftrongeft in thefe paru, having a well defended har- bour. Patan, a town of Alia, k.nd capital o( a province of the fame name, in the do- minions of the Great Mogul j it is very little known. Lon. X09. o. E. lat. %j- 30f N. Pa TAT, a town of France, in the pro- vince of Orleanois, remarkable for the de- feat of theEnglilh in I4a9,and where 'oan of Arc did wonders. Lon, 1, 43. E. lat. 42. 5. N. pAT»MocA,orPATioi:&,atpwnofN« America, in Mexico, fubje£t to Spain, near which is a (tlver mine, 70 miles N. of Mexi' CO. Lop. I03. 4,5. E- lat. ti. o. N. Patb* Mostk*, iflandsof Alia, in the E, Indian fea, fo called becaufe of tht great number of rocks, which failors have likened (o the beads with which the Papifts tell theif pater-nofter. They abound in $orn an4 frufts, and are very populous. * Pat I, a handfome town of Italj', oi> a gulph of the fame name, with a b'lhop^a fee, a fntall fort, and an harbour. Lon. to* 15. E. lat 38. XX. N, Patmos, an ifland of the Archipelago, between Nicaria and Samoa. It is conli- derable for its harbours, but its inhabitants are not mush the better for them, becaufe corfairs have obliged them to quit the town, which was near the harbour of Sca- U, and retire to a hill on which St. John^a convent ftands. This convent is a citadel* confitling of feveral irregular towers, ant} is a fubAantii^l building, feated on a very Aeep rock. The whole iiland is very bar- ren, and without wood ; however, it abounds with partridges, rabbits, quails, turtles, pigeons, and fnipes* All their corn does not amount to 1000 barrels in a year. It is I S miles in circumference, and there are fcarce 300 men in it } but then there are twenty women to one man, who txp«6t that all ftrangers that land in this ifland Ihould carry fome of them away. This is t e iOand ip which St. John wrote his Rei velations, as is fuppofed } and to his me- mory there ia an herp^itage on the fitie of a mountain, y^here there is a chapel not above 8 paces long and fivf broad. Over- head they (hew ftrangers a chinlf in the rock, thro' which they tell yen that the Hoi jr Qhoft diAated to St, Johp. Lou. %6. 40 S* lat. 37. «o. N. Patna, a town of Afia, in thedomi? nioni of (he Qreiit Mogvl^ and capital of « teriUory PAT P A U lerrUory of th* fjme name to the N. of tfie end-H. ft ii f«ated at the mouth of the rl* liinj^dotn of Bengal, where the EoKlifh ha> e i ver Humhffr, 60 miics S. E. of Vark, and fadtoriesfo' laltpetre, horax, and r.i.v filK 171 N. ot London. Lon. o. 15. £. lat. 53. |t alfo praducra laige qu 1 Th« town IS large, but built at a di)t.ince from t • '1 feareJ in a ferr'le pleafdii iMtt of 0}jium. 'he h' ufts are other. It is c uofv, 400 piilei E. of .-i^i*' Lon S j. 40. E. lat »5. »S. N. POTOMAC, a lage river of N Ameiica, in Vhginia, whi.h rife^ in the Alieany mountami., fej^a ales Virginia from Mary- land, and falU iniu Chefepeak-Ba^ . It is a broad river, and is navigable for near zoo mjl s. P \ Tii.^NA, or Pa«tr ANA, » town of iSpain, in New Cartile, with the title of a duchy ; feated between the Mve'» Fajo anrt Tajuna, 3a miles E. of Madrid. Lon. 0. 15. B. lat. 40. 36. N. Pa T R A s, an ancient and flourilhing town «f European Tmky, in the Mo ea, capital of a duchy, wi.h a Greek archbifh^ p'« fee. It is pretty large and populous, and the Jews, which ari.- one third part of the in- abicante^ have four fynagogues. There are feveral handfome nnofques and Creek churches. The Jews carry on a great ti ade in filk, leather, honey, wajt, and cheefe. There are cyprefs-treet of a prodigious beight, and excellent pomegranaces, citrons, «nd oranges. It has been taken and retaken fevera! times : but the Tuk-. are 'now ma- fters of it. It is feated ^i\ 1 he (i e of a -hill pear the fea fide, %o miles s W. of Lepan> to, and ^i; N. W. of Mi0tia. Lon. ai 57. 5E. lat. jJj. 20. N • Patrica, a town of Italy, inth? ter ritory of the Churchy anH in the Campagoa of Rome, towards the fea coif\, anri g miles E. of Oftia. About a mile from this place is a hill, called Monte di Li vano. which fome have thought to be the ancient ) trimony, it contains the duchy of Braccia- no, and the diiliiA ot Roocilione. Viterbo is the capital town. Patrington, a town in the Eaft Rid* ing of yoi)((hire, with a ma'ket on Satur- days, and two fairs } on Marcii xi, and July jlS, for toys. It is pleafantly feated, anerritcry of Beam, with a parliament, a mint, and a caftle, where Henry IV. was born. It is feated •n an eminence, at the foot of which the river Gave runs, t$ miles W. of Tarbe, and 97S. of Bourdeaux. Lon. o. 29. W. lat. 43' IS- N. Pa VI A, an ancient and celehra'ed towa of Italy, in the duchy of Milan, and ca- pita! of the Pavefan, with a celebrated uni- verftty, and a bifliop's foe. It u defended by lirong walls, la^^e ditches, good ram- pa' ts, excellent bal^ions, and a bridge over t e river Tffm. In the cenfre of the town is a ftrnng ci(\\e, where the anciv-nt dukes ot Milan refided. There are a great num- ber of magnificent cal\ies, and fome col. leges. It was taken by the duke of Savof in 1706 J by the Fiench in 1733 } by the French and .Spaniards in 174; ; but retakea by the Aufiiians in 1746. It is 17 miles S. oi Milan, and bi E. by N. of Turin. Loa, 9 5. E Ut. 4$. 10. N. Paul, or Pol de Lkon, a town of France, in Sreta ne, feated near the fea, at tl e entrance ot the Britifh channel, with a bifhop's fee. Lon. 4. 10. W. Lat. 49. io« N. • Paul, St. a town of France, in Pro- vence, 5 miles W. of Nice, and 450 S. E. of Paris. Lon. 7. 13. E. lat. 43. 40 N. • Paul, St. a town ot France, in Ar* t is, 1 5 milea from Arras, and zz irona St* Omer's. Lon. a. 55 E. iat. 50. 23. N. Paul, St. a town of S. America, ia Brafil, in thecaptainfliip of Sf. V.ncent. It 1$ a kind of an independent republic, coni- pofed of the b.inditti of feveral nations. However, they pay a tribute of gold to the king of Portugal. Their religion is not known. It is furrounded by inacceflible mountains and thick forefts. Lon. 43. 42« W. lat. 23. 15 S. • Paul - DE -FtNOuitttDis, a town of France, in uantuedoc, 3rd capital of the diHrift of Fenouilledes, in the diocefe of Alct ; feated on the river E>;li, among the mountains, 30 miles N. of Montpellier. Lon 3. S5- E. lat. 44. 10. N. Pavi.-t|(«i»-Chatiavx, St. an an. cienC I iP E D ^ eUnt town of France, in Lower DaupT\iny, j Mpila) ot Tricaltinois, with a bifhop's fee ; fcatcd on the declivity of a hill, on the fron- tiers of Provence, ^ miles from the river Roan, and 17 S. ot Monielimar, Lon. 4. 57. E. lat. 44. II. N. • Paula, a handfome town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Hither Calabria \ feated near the fea, in a fertile and well-cultivated country, 30 miles W. by S. of Ko(r»no, and 15 N. W. of Cafenza, Lon. 18. 40. E, lat. 39. 25. N. • Pavoasan, a town of Africa, in the ifle of St. Thoma'j, feated on the fea-lide, with a fort, a bi(h;>p's fee, and a pretty food harbour. It belongs to Portugal, and is peopled by I aliins, Fiench, Spaniards, and Portugucfe. Lon. 5. 55. E. lat. o. 30. S • Pautzkb, a fmal! town of Polifli PruHTia, in Pomerella, 25 miles from Dant lick. Lon. iS. 41. E. lat. 45. 44. N. Paz, a town of S. America, in Peru, and in the provicce of Los Charcos, with a bi- fliop's fee; i8e miles N. of La Plata, and 350 S, E. of Cufco. Lon. 66. o. W. lat. 18. •. S. Pazzy, a town of Turky in Europe, and in Romania, near Ga'.lipoli, with a bifhop's fee j feated on the fea-fi ie. Lon. 26. 59. E. lat. 40. ^3.N. Peak, a mountainous country in Der- byshire, which abounds in lead, mill-(\ones, and whet-Annes. It is mu h vilited on ac< count of fome rarities, called the Wonders of the Peak ; namely, the Devil's Arie, El' den Hole, and Pool's Hole.hefides Buxton- Well, and the fine feat of the duke of De- vonfhire at C atfworth. P«ARt-FoRT, a Fortrefa in Dutch Bra- bant, fea'ed on the Scheld, by whi h the Dutch command t he Navigation of that river. It is 4 miles N W- of Antwe p. Lon. 4 10. E. lat. 51. 15. N. P» AKt-lsi.ANDs, fo called, are iflands lying in the S. Se», and in the Ray ol Pa- n»'iia, in America. The inhabitants of vi)at town have plantations in them, and from w ich they are fupplied with provi fions • Pe ASEM 'RSH, a village in Su/T-x, with one fair, on Thurfday alter VVIiitfun-week, lor pedlars ware. PEC(i^uiNC0i)R, a town of the French Netherlands, in Hainault, feated on the S fUe of the river Scarpe, 5 inilts E, of Doway. Lon. 3. 10. £ lat. 50. 25. N. P E D B N A , 7,n ancient town of Italy, in If- tria, and in the territory of Venice, with a birti^p's fee, and belonging to the houfe mi Austria } li oitles S. £. of Cabo- dilAria. PEG' Lon. 14. 50. E. lat. 45. 30. W. PiniR, a town of Afia, in theE. In^e*, and in tht ifland of Sumatra, fubje£>. t» the king of Achin, 30 miles E. of Achin. Lon. 96. 40, E. lat. 15. 30. N. Peebles, a town in Scotland, capi'tal of the (hire of Tweedale. It was noted for thiec churches, three fleeplet, three gates, three brid^'.es, and three fquares. Of the bridges there is one over the river Tweed with five arches, which is the only one be- fides that at Berwick. The others are on the river Peebles. It is 22 miles S. of Edin- burg. The fhire of Peebles fends one mem« ber to parliament. Lon. z. 40. W. lat. 55. 35. N. 'Peer, a fmall town, and county of Germany, in the bilhoprit k of Liege. Lon. 5. 3?. E. lat. 51. 18. N. * PEGNAriEL,a town of Spain, in Old CaAile, remarkable for its palace, caftle, fortifications, and its cheefes, which are faid to be the bed in Spain. It is feated on the river Douro, 17 miles S. E. of Vallado* lid. Lon. 1. aj. W. lat. 41. 31. N. • Pegna-PIacor, a town of Portugal^ in the provirce of Beiia, v^'ith a ftrong ca- Al~ ; 40 miles N. W. of Alcantara. Lon. 6. 25. W. lat. 39. 52. N. Pecnar ANDA, a town of Spain, in Old CaAile, and capital of a auchy of the fame name { 35 miles S. W. of Olmedo. Lon. 4. 3S. W. lat. 40. 52. N. Pegnitz, a river of Germany, which rifes in the E. part of the circle of Franco^ nia, near the town of the fame name in the marquifate of Culembach. It runs acroft the territory of Nuremburg, waters the town of that name, and foon after falls into the rivet Regnitz. Pe(;it, a confiderable kingdom of Afia, in the E. Imiies, lying to the S E. of Btn* gal. It is bounded on the N by the king- dom of Ava J on the W. and S. by the Ocean ; and on the E. by the kint:domi of Laos and Siam. It has a town of the fame name, 70 miles within land, above ao miles in circumference ; but at prefent not one twentieth part is inhabited } for it waa ruined by the inhabitants of Barma, whofe king is a potent prince. The product of this country is timber for building, elephants, elephants teeth, bees-wax, fiicklac, iron, tin, pe'rolaum, very fine rubies, and fmail diamonds. They have alfo I'alpetre, and plenty of lead, of which they make their money. It is very fruitful in corn, roo's, pulfe, and fruits, and wild game is very common. They have alfo good fiHi, pork, and poultry. They wear no European com* modicic!) but hail and ribbands j but they hav« have and verm a laM pow( lace i is ap upon fador alfo tants amor foKs. nic:\kc Fids and P E I have cottons, filkt, and fiiver from Bengal, and the neighbouring countries. Tiie ko vernment is arbitrary, foi the kind's will is • law { and yet lie does not of en abufe his power. He has a Lrge handfome ftone pa- lace at Ava, witii four ^mcs, each of wliich is appropriated for people to pafs throuuh upon different occafions. None but ambaf- fadors pafs througti the E. gate, which is alfo called the golden gate. The inhabi tants are but thinly ilad, and t>ie bef\ among them wear neither (hocs nor Aock fn^i). The Barmae^ go almoin naked, and m^Ake figures on their (kins like the ancient FiC>8, by pii.kmg them in with a bodkin, and rubbing ihem over with charcoal. The women are much whiter than the men, fmall, but well proportioned. They wear petticoats, which are open h.^forej and this part of ihe drefs wan faid to be invented by a queen of this country, to diaw tlie men cff from unnatural vices. The women are very fond of ftrangers ; and any man may have a wife for the time he ftays there. The wife goes to mai ket, drefTes the visuals, takes care of her hufband's cloaihs, and feilti his goods by retail. If fhe proves falfe, the liufband rhay fell her for a Have ; and if he goes aAray, fhe will give him a dofe of poi- fon. There are a vafl number of temples in this country, but moft of wood, which are varni(hed and gilded. Tlie piiefis have ground allowed them, whicli they cul ivate for their fubTiHence ; and they are fiid to be ftria obferve'S of morality. Ti.ey are called Talapoins, and inculcate charity as the highell virtue, affirming that religion to be bcft which teaches men to do moll good. They have idols in their temples in a fitting pofture, like taylors, and very targe ears, They have various forts of mufic, but the pipe and tabor are efteemed the beft, They have one infliument (haped like a galley, with about zo bells of different lizes ; and when they it' ike them with a flick they make no bad inulic. When any happen to be fhipwrecked on the coaft, if ihey repair to the temples they will be taken care of, and fupplied with what they want. In the low flat part of the country, which is liable to be overflowed, they build their houfes upon flakes; and tlien in time of inunda- tions they communicate with each other by boats. The king of Ava, who refidcs at the palace above-mentioned, is now mailer of Pe^u. Lon. of .nt town of that name, 106. 55, E lar. 17. o. iT. Peine, a town o. Germany, in the cir- cle of Lower Saxony, >nd duchy of Brunf wick J famous for a bi ttle founht here in *553» when Maurice, ikflor of Saxony, P E K and the margrave of Brandenburg were kin" td. It is 2c m'les W. t^f Brunfwick. Loa« 10. 15 E. lat ^t. 35. N. I'iKiN, the ctpital city of t*r into this city. There are always hakney-horfes and chairs in various part^ which fland reafly to be hired for a tride { and the owners of them know every ftreec and houfe where any confiderable periba lives. All the great flieets are guarded by foJdiers, who patrole night and day with fwords by t' eir fides, and whips in their hands, to chaftife thofe who make ; ny di-~ flurbance, or take tl em intocuftody. The little fliticts have lattice gate« at their en- trance into the great flreets, which are (hut up at nights, and guarded by foldiers, who fufTer no afTembiies in the ftrec's abthat time, and examine all that pafs along. The emperor's palace is of vaft extent, and fur- rounded with a brick wail, with pavilions at each corner, encompalTed by galleries fupporttd by columns. But it would be endlefs to give an account of the different apartments, with their ornaments and fur- nuuie, as well as of the d fFf;fent magazines, and rich commodities kip therein } not to mention the fopreme tonrts of jjflice, which are fix in number, and arc only to be i P E M ht coiHroDTed by the emperor, tni tfie grand council. Tliofc who have compuled the c^^mpafs of this ciry a different vi»y, ob- ferve. that it i< lo miles in circumferencej and that the number of inhabitanta ii, at leaft, two millions ) that tl>e wallt are fo high that they cover (he 'own, and are hrotd enough for feveral horfemen to tide a-breaO) and there are Arong towers a bow-fhut diAant from each other. The walls of the emperor's palace, including that and the gardens, are about i miles in length ; and the architeAure of (he ftruc- tures entirely different from that of the Eu- ropeans, for they are covertd with tilca of a fhining beautiful yellow. The temples, and the towers of this city, are fa numerous, that it 1^ difficult to count tliem. The count y about it is plain, but fanrfy, and not very fruitful, yet provilions of all kinds are exceeding plentiful, they being, as well as the merchandizes, brought fr.ii ot^er parts by means of canals cut from iLe rivers, and always crowded with vclTels of differ- ent flies. An earthquake which happened here in 1731, buried above 100,000 per- fons in the ruins of the houfes, which were thrown down. Lon. 116. 41. £. lat. 39. 54. N. PcLissA, a town of Lower Hungary, and capital of a county of the fame name, near the Danube, fubjeA to the houfe of Auftria ; S miles S. £. of Gran, and 17 N. of Buda. Lon. 18. 50. E* lat. 47. a6. V. PcLLA, an ancient town of Turky in £mope, in Theffaly, 50 miles W. of Salo vichi. Lon. 23. o. £ lat. 41. o. N. PcLoso, atownof Italy, in the kingdom •f Naples, and in the Baiilicata, 35 miles W. of Barri. Lon. 1 3. o. E. lat. 40. 40. N. PiiusivM, a town of Africa in Hgypt, on the eaOern branch of the river Nile, now called Damietta \ which fee. * Pemia, a Imall province of Africa, in the kingdom of Congo. The capital town is of the fame name, of which vvc know but very little. Lon. 18. a^. E. lat. 7. 30. S. Pbmbkidck, a town of Herefordshire, witk a maiket on Toefdays, and two fairs, «n May iz, and Nov. 3 a, for horneo cat- tle. It is a fmall place. 5, and four fairs, en May 14, Tri- rity-Monday, July 10, and September 45, for ca'tle, horles, flieep, and cloth. It is sonmodioufly fcated on the innermoA creek V PEN 0/ MiHbtA Haven, over which tli«nl ar# two handfcma bridges. It if a plac* of good account, and inhabited by fubAantial people. It is furroonded ilrith a wall «irith three pates, and has a Arong AaAle, feated on a rock. It is a corporation, with well- bailt hmfes, two chorchei, and the tide of an earldom, fending one member to parlia. ment. It is 10 miltt $. E. of Haverford- weA, and a 14 W. by N. of London. L0R4 5.0. W. lat .51 4$. N. PtMaaoicisMiKg, acooAty of S. Waltt,- 37 miles in length, 18 in breadth, and if furrounded on all fides by the fea, except on the £. where it it bounded by Carmar- thenshire and CardiganAiire. It contains 4310 houfes, a5,9to inhabitants, 145 pa- rifhes, 5 market towns, 16 caftlesj befidca block- houfes, and fends 3 members 10 parlia- ment. The principal rivers are, the lien, 'he Guala, theCwin. and the Nevern, bcfidis fe- veral others of lefs note. The hills are barren^ but the foil in the valleys and bottoms near the fea, are exceeding fertile > however, on many of the mountains there are fheep, goats, and cattle. The principal town it Pembroke. * Pbmbvry, a village in Kent, with one fair, on Whit« W. lat. 39. 30. N. *PcMAiTA,a town of Portagal, in the province of Seira, feated on a hill, with a caAle, 8 miles S. of Coimbra. Lon. 7* 47, W. lat. 40. a. N* * PiNAUTiBR, a town of France, in ! :nguedoc, and in the diocefe of Carcaflvne, 4 miles N. of that town. Lon; a. 27. £. lat. 43. 15. N. Penoknnis, a caAle in Cornw*:, Aand- ing on Falmouth>Bay, and on a hill of the fame name. It was built i-y Henry VKII. for the fecurity of the coaft, and on the op- pofite fide of the bay is another called St. Maw's. It is feated a little to the S. E. of Falmouth, 12 miles E. of HelAone, and 282 W. by S. of London. Lon. 5. 30. W, lat. 50. 10. N. Pens, a river of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, which has its fource in the duchy of Mecklenburg, cioffes tw« fmall lakes, and then enterinc; Swedifli Po- merania j paifes by Demmtm, Gutzkow, and Anclam, and falls into the wcAcrn branch of the Oder, Penk- in the of Hon at the where ■ PEN. PzNTKONnm, a fortrefs cf Cerminy, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and ducliy of Pomeiania, feated on thcifle ot Ulcdom, at the mouth or the rivers I'ene and Oder, v^Iiere they fall into the Baltick Sea, It ii> fubjedt (o the kingof i'luHia, Lon. 14. 10. E.lat. 54. 20. N. Peng I N Island and Bay, lie on the coaft of IVagonia, in 8, America, and are »oo miles N. of I'ort St. Julian. Lat. 47. 8. S. Penichh, a ftrong town of Portugal, in Eftreinadura, wiili a good harbour and a citadel, 35 iniLii N. of Lifbon, Lon. 9. 35. E. lat. 39. 20. N. Penick. a lown of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and in Mifnia, be- longing to the eleflor of Saxony. It is feated on the riv(,r Multe, 8 miles E. of Altenburg. Lon. 13. 7. E. lat. 50, 56. N. PcNrscoLA, a town of Spain, in tlie 4(ingdom of Vaknciag feated on a high yoinc of land on the fide of the Mediterra- nean Tea, 10 miles S. W. of Tortofa, and 50 IJ. of Valencia. Lon. o^ a. £. lat. 40. 29. N. * Peniburt, a village of Radnorthiire, in S. Wales, with one fair, on Oflober 29, for (lieep, homed cattle, and horfes. * Penibout, a village of Carmarthen- fhire, in S. Wales, with one fair, on De- cember 5, for cattle, tallow, and pedlars ware. * P.ENisTREET, Merioncthfhlre, in Trawsfinwyddj and in N, Wales, with two fairs, on Augufl 17, and September 21, for cattle. Penkkid-ge a town in SrafFordfhire, with a fmail market on Tuefdays, and two fairs, on September 27, and Odober lo, for faddle horfes and colts. It was for- h a caAle, and is now a pretty large well built place, inhabited by tiadefmen, particularly tanners. It has a handfome church, and a fpacious market- place, and is iS miles S. of Carlifle, and 282 N. N. W. of London. Lon. 3.16. W. lat. 54. 35. N. Penr YN, a town of Cornwall, with three markets, on Wednefdays and Fridays, for corn, and on Saturdays for provifjons ; and three fairs, on May 1, July 7, and Dec. 21, for horfes, oxen, flieep, and a few hops. It is a corpoiatiun, feaied on a creek of Falmouth f] a ven, is a confiderable place, and fends two members to parliament. It is governed by a mayor, four aldermen, anil a towo-cleik, and has a church, and about 300 houfes, with ftreets broad and paved. A manufadiory has been lately fet jup here of ferges. It is 3 miles N. W. of Talmouih, and 266 W. by S. of London. I Lon. 5. 35. W. lat. 50. 23. N. • Pensacola, a fetrlement in North ; America, fituated at the mouth of a river 1 M in m 011 PEN ^•fc. ,1. en tfie gulph of Mecico. It was enablifhed by the French, and ceded to Great Britain by the treaty of peace in 1763. Lon. 87. ao. W. lar. 30. a». N. • Penza NCI, a town of Cornwall, with a market on Thurfdays, and two fairs, on Thurfday after Trinity-Sunday, and on Thurfday before Advent- Sunday, for horfes, oxen, (heep, cloth, and a few hops. It is featsd on a creek of Mount's-Bay, and was burnt by the Spaniards in 1593 } but has been fince rebuilt, and carries on a pretty good trade, and the market is feived with plenty of fi(h. It is governed by a mayor, a recorder, 14 aldermen, and 24 common- council. The church is at about half a mile's diftance, befides which there is a cha- pel in the town, which confiAs of about 600 houfes ; the ftreets, tho' bad, ate paved. It is It miles E. of Senan, at the Land's- End, and 290 W. Ky ". of London. Lon. 6. o. W. lat. 50. iz. N. Pbnsford, a town in Somerfctftiire, with a maiketon Tuefdays, and two fairs, on May 6, for cattle, (heep, and horfes ; and on November 8, for fheep and horfes. It is feated on the river Chew, is a pretty good place, noted for its hats and bread. It is 7 miles W. of Bath, and 113 W. by S. of London. Lon. z. 35. W. lat. 51. 15. N. • Penshur ST, a village in Kent, with one fair, on July 1, for pedlars ware. Pensvlvania, one of the principal plantations of the Englifh in N. America. It is bounded on the E. by Delawar river, and partly by the ocean j on the W. by the northern part of Chefepeak-Bay, which fe- parates it from Maryland ; on the N. by fe« veral Indian nations ; and on the S. by Maryland. It is well watered by the Dela- war, and other navigable rivers, on which large (hips come up into the heart of the province. The produce of this country is corn, cattle, timber, pot-afhes, wax, (kins, and furs J and they carry to the Carribbee Iflands failed beef, pork, horfes, pipe (\aves, and fifh; taking in return fugar, lum, and moIalTes. From England they have cloath- ing, furniture, hardware, and all forts of tools. Philadelphia is the capital town. • Penthievre, an ancient county of France, in Bretagne, that gives title to a duke and peer. It comprehends the terri- tories of Guingamp, Moncontour, Koche- 'f.(i\A<^, Lenizu, and Jugon. • Penthr AHT MoN, a village of An gleiea, in N. Wales, 5 miles W. of Beau- maris, with 5 fairs, on May 5, Friday after Tiiniry, Ai'guft 16, Oftober 3, and Novem- ber 12, all for cattle. • pR. N r* Y, a town of Carmarthenfhire, in S. Walesj wilji iw© fairs, on Mn) 12, PER and October 10, for cattle, horfei, and (heep. Pirus, or Pkibus, a lake of the RufTian empire, on the confines of Livonia, and Great Novogornd, which communicates with the gulph of Finland, and the lake Worfero. Pi«i.o lONv, a town ofFrance, in Picar- dy, fearid on the river Somme, 1 5 milts S. E. of Abbeville. It is rcmaikable for tho interview between LewisXI. king of France, and Edward IV. king of England, in 147 s> on a bridge made for that purpofe. Lon. 2. 2. E. lat. 49. 58. N. Per A, a fuburb of Conllaniinople, where the foreign ambafTadors ufually refide. it ii inhabited by Chriflians of feveral denomi- nations j and they fell wine there as pub. liciy as in any other part of Europe, which is not allowed in the city itfelf. Percaslaw, a town of RufTia, in the Ukraine, 44 miles S. £. of Kiow, or Kioft*. Lon. 31. o. £, lat. 50. 30. N. Perch E, a territory of France, in Or- leannois, 35 miles in length, and 30 in breadth, bounded on the N. by Normandy, on the S. by Maine and Dunois, on the E. by Beauce, and on the W. by Maine. It takes its name from a foreft, and is pretty fertile. The inhabitants carry on a good trade, and the principal town is Bellefme. * Perdell, or Precel, a large valley which runs from E, to W. and makes the feventh community of the league of Caddee in the country of the Grifons. * Per E AS LAW, a (\rong populous town of Poland, in the palatinate of Kiovia ; feated on the river Tribecz, 50 miles S. £. of Kioff. Lon. 33. 44. E. lar. 49. 46. N. * PsRBczAf!, a town of Upper Hunga- ry, capital of a county of the fame name, 50 miles £. by N. of Tockay. Lon. 27. 10. E. lat. 48. 3». N, * Pereslaw SoLisKoy, a town of the RufTian empire, in the duchy of Rb- (low, fo called to diAinguifh it from Pe- redaw-Rezafki, the principal place of t'ne duchy of Rezan. The firA is in lon. 40. o. E. Ut. ;6. 28. N. and the fecond in lon. 41. 55. E. lat. <4. 3*8. N. Per G A, a townof Turky in Europe, apd in Albania, fpa^ri oppofite to the ifland of Corfu, won. 21. o E. lar. 39. 30. N. * Pe»g^wo, an ancient town of Nato- lia, with 3 oifhop's fefe ; no* half ruined, anrt ir^tira^ ' i by about 3000 Turks, and a few families ^f poor ClTiiti-^^w. It is feated on the rivtr Cetmafti, if iles f. m its mouth, and 37 N. ot Smyrna, Here tl;ey invented paichir.ent. Lcn. i?. a?- E. lat. 30, 3. N, PER ♦ Per I G OR i;, a province of France, which makes pare ofGuienne, bounded on the N by Angoumois, and a pare of Marche ; and on the E. by Quercy and Limofin ) on the S. by Agenois and Bazadois } and on the "W. by Bourledois, Anj^umois, and a part of Saintonge. It is »bout 83 miles in length, and 60 in breadth. It abounds in iron- mines, and the air is pure and healthy. Perigueux is the capital town. Fkrioukux, an ancient town of France, and capital of Perigord, with a bifhop's fee, tlie ruins of the temple of Venus, and an amphitheatre; feated on the river Ifle, 50 miles S. W, of Limoges, and 65 N. E. of Bourdcaux. Lon. «. 33. E. Iat.45. i3. N, Pbrmskt, or Per M I A, a town uf tlie RulTian emp'i ing about loo miles in length, and 150 in breadth. The Dutch became mafters of it in 1630 ; but the Portugueze took it from them again. It produces a great quantity of fugar and Brafil wood. * Fe R N B, a town of France, in the ter- ritory of Avignon, from whi;h place it is 10 miksE. PiRNEs, a flronj? town of the French Netherlands, in Artois, feated on the river Clarence, X miles S. W. of Bethune, and 17 N. W. 0( Arras. Lon. »• 31. £. lat. 50. 29. N. Peronnk, a flrong town of France, in Picardy, capital of Santerre. It is called the Virgin, becaufe it has never been taken, though often befieged. It is feated on the river Somme, 17 miles S. W. of Cambray, and 80 E. by N. of Paris. Lon> 3. i. E. lat. 49. 55. N, Ferousa, a town of Italy, in Piedmont, and chief place of the valley of the fame name. It is feated on the river Clufon, 12 miles S. NV. of Turin. Lon. 7. ao. E. lat. 44. 50. N. Perpignan, a confiderable town of France, in RoulTillon, with a very good ci- tadel, univerfiry, and a biftiop's fee j feated on the river Tet, over wliich there is an hatniiCjtnt bridge, partly in a plain, and t*rUj on a liilt, 37 niiies S.of Angouleme, PER an-* 65 N. E. of Bourdeaux. Lon. o. 4] E. Ur.45. 18. N. Fek 8 ■ t s, idolaters of Afia, and in Per- fia, now fcattered into different parts, but chiefly in the E. Indies. They are worship- pers of fire, or at leaf) they look upon that as an emblem of the Supreme Being. They are otherwife called Cuebres. Oneobjeil of their worHiip lies about 10 miles from Baku, which ii feated to the W. of the Caf- plan Sea. Among other temples there is a fmall one, in whicii t*** Guebresnow wor- (hip, there being a large hollow cane near the altar, from which a blue flame conRantl/ proceeds. They affirm this has continued time out of mind } and they come in pil- grimage to it from their prcfent fettlemcnts. They wear very little cloathing, mark their foreheads with faflfron, and have a great vc« neration for a red cow. Perse pol z t, is fuppofed to be anciently the capital city of Perfia, properly fo called. It was taken by Alexander the Great, who was perfuaded when in liquor, by the cour- tezan Thais, to fet it on Are. It is thought to be the fame as is now called Kilmanar, of which there are mai;niticent ruins Aul re- maining. Some travellers that have fean them, think they far excel any thing of this kind in the world. There are infcriptions, in characters, and in a lanatu^ige that now cannot be read j and whicii fliew that this place mufl be extremely ancient ; almoft all parts of the ruins are full of fculptures, re- prefwHting men and beads. It is 50 miles N. E. of Schiras, and aoo S. £. of Ifpahan. Lon. 54. o. E. lat. 30. 30, N. Per SHORE, a town of Worcefterihire, with a market on Tuefdays, and three fairs, on Eafler-Ttefday, June z6, and Tucfday before November i, for ca' tie and horfes. It is feated on a plain, on the river Avon/ over which there is a bridge, and in the great road from London to Worcefter. It contains about 300 houfes, and has two pa- rilh churches i but it is fomewhat decayed fince the difl^olution of its abbey. It is 9 miles E. S. E. of Worcefter, and loz W. N. W. of London. Lon. 2.0. W. lat. 52* 18. N. Persia, a large kingdom ofAfla, con- fifiing of feverai provinces, which, at dif- ferenttinies, have had theirparticubr kings; the inhabitants call it Iran, for the word > Perfla is derived from that part of it called ' Pars or Fars, of which Schiras is the capi- tal. It is bounded on the N. by Little Tar« tary, the Cafpian Sea, Carafm, or Corafm, and Great Bokaria ; on the S. by the Per- fian Gulph and Sea ; on the W. by Turky in AOa ; and on the E. by Great Bokaria ^ M ill m i . , . , and ii PER f.t\A the fmpire of the Cre«t NfoRiit. It is •bout i»i5 mile* in Uni^ih from E. to W. ancf Qooin breadth from N. to S. It i« di- vided into 1 6 Ijirc provinces, nannely, Slurv,\femi, SeKcn.-)n, Candahar, Sablel^an, KhuljUjn, P.irs, Kerm:tn, and ivlakr;in 'J lie cliief rlveis, btlides tic Tygris and the Amu aie, Khur, Arts, Ke/il, Ufan, Hind niend,llmend, Bun thiiiir, Koran, and Karka. No countiy in tlie woild bearii a moreditter- ent cliara£lur than this ; for in tlie N. and £, parts it ii mountainous and cold, in the iniddle and S. E. parts fandy and clefart, in the S. and W. level and exticnieiy feriile, thou(jli for feveral months very hot. The foil produces all forts of puife and corn, ex- ccpt oats and r^e. Tliey have cotton in great abundance, and, among' other do- rtiefiick animal;, camels and buffaloes, and their horfes are very numerous. In feveral places naptlia, a fort of bitumen, rifes out uf the ground, and they have mines of j;old, filvtr, iron, Turky-ftones, and fall j hut the two firll of ihefe are not woiked, on account of the fcarcity of wood. They have a great deal of cotton cloth, fomc pearls, and a large quantity of filk, belides manufafiiires of filk, and very fine carpets. They have alfo all fort* of fruits, excellent vfine, arnd a great number of mulberry- trees, with the leaves of whicli they (ecd the fi!k-woims. Likevife dates, piftachio- nuts, and trees which produce manna. They P E R W. lat. 56. 1 S.N. I'r H riiAMBOY, a fca pnrt town of Tf, Aintric.i, in New Jcrfcy, fc.i cd on a bay ot the Am.-rican Ocean, at the mmith of tlig river lUriian, a;; miles S. W. «l ^ c v-York ; fubjfd to Grt.it iiiitam. Lon. 74. o. W.^ Lit. 40. ^ 5. N. Pkr TOiR , a fmalldirtrifl in ChampagrMJ, between Champiitne properly fo called, and the I^airois, lyinj? jilone; the liver Murne. * I'krtujs, a t iwn of France, in Fro- vencc, and in the Vigucric of Aix, 10 milea N. v., uf Aix, and 17 U. of Marfeillct. Lon. 5. 40. E.lat. 4^ 44. N. I'r.Ru, a large country of S. America, bounded on the N. by Prpayan, on the W. by the S. Sea, on the S, by CJiili, and on tiie E, by a ridge of profligious hiph moun- tains, c.illed the Cordillevas-do-los- Andes ; beinjc about 1500 miks in length from N. to S. and 125 in bie»dth fro.n E. to W. between the Andc3 and the S. Sea ; but in other places it is much broader, and, ac- cording to fomc, 500 miles. Ii never rain* in this country, and they hardly know what lightning and thunder is, uiiltfs towardj the top of the above mountnins ; for, when the mathematicians from France were there to nieafure a degree of latitude, while they wc'c making their obfe'vations, they not only I'.iw it lighten, but heard the thunder below them, for they were above the clouds. All the tops of thefe mountains are covered w ith fnow to a very great hei«;lit, and thrrs aie ftveral volcanos, which ^urn continu- have large flocks of (hccp and goats ; the ally : fiNiietimcs fuoh tonents of water tails of the former are of a monUrous (ize. \ will fall down from thence, as ovciflow the With regard to religion, they are generally ( whole country for a certain fpace. There Mahometans, of the feft of Hali, but Kouli Khan being of the feft of Omar, obliged all the Ferfians to conform theristo ; tho' fmce his death, it may be prefumed that many of them profefs thtir religion. More particu- lars will be taken notice of when each pro- vince is defcribed. Ifpahan is the capital tovn . • pERSTQ^i'E Goi. PH, a large gulph of Af:a, between Perfia and Arabia Felix. The entrance near Ormus is not above 30 ni.les over, but within it is iSo in breadth,, and »be length from Ormus to the mouth of the Euphrates 4x0 miles. Perth, a town of Scotland, and capital of a county of the fame name. It is an bandfome place, agreeably featcd on the ri- ver Tay, near two fmall forefts. The tide comes up as far as this place, and the river i? navigable for very fmall vefiels, for which reafon it has fome trade. The (hire of Perth fends one member to pariiamert. It is 30 miles N. of £dinburgh. Lon. 3. lo. m liapperiedone in December 174a, when in fome places the water was 60 feet high, and in o her.s above izoj it carried away an infinite number of cattle, threw down 600 houfes, and drowt»ed 8 or 500 perfons ; in its courfe it removed pieces of rock, iz feet in diameter, and fotced them 30 yards from the places whete they fitfi lay. Some thought this water proceeded aut of the rock, but others more jtidicioufly concluded it came from the melting of the fnow. The bed houfes in this country are made of a fort of rctds like bamboe-canes, and cover- ed with tlia'ch, or palm leaves. However, they have a fort of galleries or balconies, but there is no walking alon;; the Moors without making the whole ftroiS?ure groan. It is not at all probable that t^^is country ever was fo populous as the .Spaniards haVe rcprefented, for the villages are at 30 mihss Hiftance fiom each other, and are all near the fea j and there is the higheA probability that they were all much in tlie fame Hate the/ PER ihey are now. Tliere are larf;« foreAs on the fides or ilte mountains, wliicli advance rear the fea fide, hut none of their trees aie like ihofe in Europe. The birds are much fuperior to thofe of Europe for the beauty of tlitir plumage, but then their notes are very difai^reeable. There are few birds near the Tea fide, and the monkeys alfo i^et at .1 difiance from it. The bird called the touctn, wliich is remarkable for having a bill at large as its body, is called the {)reacher by the Spaniards, though it is as mute as a Afh. It has been generally faid there are lions here, but that which they call fo is more like a wolf than a lion, and be nevtr attacks mankind. Rut the tygers are as largo and as (ierce aj thofr of Africa, though not of the fame colour ; however, it is happy for the inhabitants ttiat there are but ver;- icw of them. Serpents arc very common, and feveral forts of them are dangerous; particulmly the rattle fnake, which does not get away from men like ihe reft. There are feveral infefls like thofe in Europe, but they are vaftly larger. The earth-worms are as long as a man's arm, and as thick a^ his thumb j there are alfo fpiders covcre id. 37. E. lat. 45. 13. N. * Pksbnas, an ancient town of France, in Languedoc, and in the diocefe of Agde ; delightfully feated on the river Pein, 10 milet N. E, of Befeirs, and 8 N. of Agde. Lon. 3. 31. E. lat. 43. s8. N. Pest, a town of Upper Hungary, and ' capital of a county of the fame name, feated on the Danube, in a fine plain, over-againft Bttda, 7S milet S. E. of Prefburg. Lon. •9. 15. E. lat. 47. 14. N. I PET • PiTAOUEL, a territory of S. Anl2ri. Cf, ih Brafil, bounded on the N. by Dele | on the E. by the fea j on the S. by the cap- tainfhip of HioGrande ; and on the W. by Tupays. It containt mines of filver. • PiTAw, an ancient town of Germa* ny, in the circle of Auftiia, and m Syria. It it a handfome place, and is feated on the river Drave, 35 miles N. E. of Scilly, and 108 S. of Vienna. Lon. 16. 29. £. Ut. 46. 40. N. • Petche-11, a province of Afia, in China, and the chief m the whole empire ) bounded on the E. by the fea ; on (he N. by the (ireat wall j on the W. by Chan-ft ; and on the S. by Chan ton;; and Honan. It contains Fekin, which is the principal city in the whole empire, on which 140 towns depend, befides a va(i number of vil- lages. The air is temperate, unlefs when ilie wind blows from the N. and there is a rainy feafon in the latter end of July, and the beginning of AuguA ; but it feldom rains any other time. The foil is fertile, and produces all forts of com, and there are plenty of cattle, pulfe, and fruits. They have alfo mines of pit-coal, which is theii only fuel. There is great variety of ani- mals, of which a fort of cat 's mo(l remark* able, it having long hair about its neck and head. All the riches of China are biou^hc into this province, particularly to Fekin, where the emperor refldts. Peterborough, a city of Northamp- tonlhire, witli a bifhop's fee, a market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on July 10, and Odtober 2, for all fort of Aock-wroughc timber, and cheefa. It is feated on the ri- ver Nen, over wliich there is a bridge that leads into Hur.tmgdonlhire, in marfliy ground. It is not a large place, for it hait but one parifli-church befidet the cathedral ; but the market-place is fpacious, and the Ateets regular. It fendt two membert to parliament. The caihedral was formerly a monaAery, and is a majeAic AruAure, full of curious work, and has a large choir. It is 38 miles S. of BoAon, and 76 N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 15. W. lat 5*. 33. N. FcTERSBURG, B large handfome city, the capital of RufTia, built by Peter the Great, czar of Mufcovy, in 1703. It is of prodigious extent, and contained not long ago C >,ooo houfes, great and fmall. It is feated in an idand, which lies on the middle of the river Neiva, where the land has been conAderably raifed. The fort ha« fix baAi- ons, and oppofite to it, on the Terra Firnrva, is a crown- work. The fort has two gates, at the entrance of which is the figure of the czar holding two keys, and within is a black PET b?)ck eagle crowned, holding in liib cUwi a fcepcie, and an iin|)enal globe. A litilc iaiiher is the chapel of St. Nicholas, tlie chief paron of Ruifia. Within this fort or citadel is the cliurch of St. Peter and St. I'aui, with a liit$h Aecple, and defii^ned for the burying- place of tiie roynl family. The roof of the (leeple is very (inely gilt all over, and there are chimes wliich go every hour. Jn an arm of the river, between the crown- work and the fort, the emperor's galleys are laid up during the winter fcnfon. On this fide ilie fort, there ate two quarters, called the Sbbod of the Germans, and the blabod of the Mufcovites. In the in i\ there are the fummer and winter palaceb, the houfes be longing to the admiralty, a church, and a dock for building fltips : in the other Slabod is the palace of the empref», where (he for- merly refided. Be>ond the forts are the Slabodsof the Tartars and finlanders ; and in both there are very fupe.b ilrudures. In J716 they began to cut canals ir the iHand, to make Peterfb-^rg refemble Amfterdamj but the czar did not live to fee this projeA executed. There are built here many pa laces, a college, a military fchool, and an exchange. The worft of this place is, that it is not high enough to efcapc inundation!, which fometimet. have occafioned the lofs of vaA fums of money. When the merchants perceive a Bood is coming on, they make dykes before their houfes, to keep out the Mvater. At firft provifions wer« fcarce, and the trade was fmall, becaufe the lakes La- doga and Onega had not depth enough to carry large velTels } but Peter the Gieat re- medied this inconveniency in 17x0, by cut- ting a canal from the Sake Ladoga, of about 7 5 miles in length and 70 feet wide, and 10 in depth. Ten years were employed in this wotk, but it was not finithed till the next reign } and now Feteribuig may rea- dily be fupplied wiih provifion. Trade flourifhes greatly here, becaufe it is the feat of government, and becaufe foreigners have the fame privileges as the natives of the place. All religions are tolerated, and there are par:]uet-boatB, by which intelligence is conveyed to diflferent places. The inhabi- tants alfo carry on a trade with the Chinefe and Perfians. They have woollen and li- nen manufafiurcs here, paper-mills, pow- der-mills, places for preparing faitpetre- brimflone, and elaboratories for fire-works. Here are alfo yards for making ropes, ca- bles, and tackling for fhips, a foundery, where cannon and mortars are cafl ; as alfo a printing houfe And here it will be pro- per to mentjon the new road made be- Iween Peterfljurg and Mofcow, in a Arait PET line acrofs the foreAs, planted with ireea on each fide, 5^5 miles in length. It was finilhcd in 1718 ; and at the end of every 5 miles are polls fet up of 8 feet high, which fervc to diredl travellers. Thi& road is divided into 24 poAs, or Aations. at each ut which are at leaA ao hotfes, kept ready faddled and bridled. Some Itreets of this city ate regular and well built j and among the moA elegant Aiufluresmay be reckoned the gieat chancellor's houfe, that of the vice chancellor, count Gallowm's, and fome otheis. They are mpAly brick plaiAered over i and though the climate is fo very cold, )ftt they have more windows than they generally have in England. An Iialiaa architef^, who has been fettled heie many years, has cnntribuied not a little to the beauty of the city. The fummer palace, and gardens, lie to the E. where they are hne walks, and choice Aatues. Near it is iba theatre, which was eie£led in the room of the wooden one, burnt down to tite ground. The exhibitions are French come- dies, and Italian operas } and all foreigners of diAint^ion are invited to partake of thefe diverfions, as well as to balls, mafqueradee, and concerts, which are frequently given ac court. There are «o RuflTian churches, and 4 Lutheran, betides thofe of the Calvinifta, Dutch, EngliAi, and Roman Catholics ; and the number of inhabitants are now reckoned at 100,000, moA of whom came to fettle here from other countries, there being noc many original Ruffians among them. It is 35 ; miles N. W. of Mofcow, 750 N. £. of Vienna, 525 N. E. of Copenhagen, and 300 N. E. of Stockholm. Lon. 30. Z3. E. lat. 54. 56. N. PtTiRSFitLD, a handfome town of Hampfhire, with a market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on July 10, and Dec. 11, for Ateep and horfes ; feated on the river Lod« don, on the road from London to Portf- mouth. It is J 8 miles N. E. of Portfmouth. and 55 S. W. of London, and fends two members to parliament. It is governed by a mayor and conAable, and has one church built with Aone. It contains about aoo hopfes, formed into a long paved Areer, and the inhabitants amount to about looo* Lon. I. ;. W. lat. 51. 5. Nt PBTKRSHAGKN,a town of Germany, in the circle of WeAplialia, and principality of Minden, feated on the river Wefer, 3 miles fronj Minden, and 37 W. of Flanover. Ic belongs to the king of PrufTia. Lon. 9. i, G. lat. 5Z. xo. N, ~4M«' Piter vv AX ADiN, a fortified town of Sclavonia, and one of the ArongeA frontier placet the h;,ufc of AuUtia has ."^gainA ths Tuik»} P E V ^ Turks J feated on the river Danube, be- tween the Save and Drave, 35 miles N. W. of Belgrade. Lon. ao. o. E. iat. 45. to. N. Petmirton, a town in Somerfetihire, with a market on Thurfdays, and one fair, on July 5, for cattle and lambs. It is feated on the river Parret, 18 miles S. by W. of Wells, and 133 W. by S. of London. Lon, 3. o. E, Iat. 51. 10. N. Pbticliano, a town of Italy, in Tuf- eany, and in the Siennefe | feated nei,r the confines of the duchy of Caflro, 8 miks W. of CaAro, and 45 S. E. of Sienna. Lon. SI. 45.E. Iat. 42. 33. N. PtTievAVAS, a fea-pcrt town of Ame- flea, in the ifland of Hifpaniol*, feated on SI bay at the W. end of the lAand, and fobjeft to France. It is too miles E. of fort-Royal in Jamaica, and aco W. of St. Domingo. Lon. 77. o. W. Iat. 18. 5. N. Pbtb iKow, a town of Great Poland, in the palatinate of Siradia, 90 miles S. W. of Warfaw. Lon. 19. o. E> Iat. 51. 40. N. PiTftiMA, a fmall but ftrong town of Croatia, feated on the river Petrinia, and fubjeft to the houfe of Auftria. It is 17 miles E. of Cailowfladt. Lon. 16. 40. E. Iat. 45. 46. N. • PtTT, a village in SufTex, with one fair, on May 27, for tattle and pedlars IV are. Pitt AW, a town of Germany, in the circle of Auflria and duchy of Styria. It is an ancient place, belonging to the bilhop of Saltzburg, and feated on the river Drave, jo miles N. £. of Scilly. and 30 S. E. of Gratz. Lon. 16. 18. E. Iat. 47. N. Pkttipolt, a fea-porttown of ACta, in the peninfula on this fide the Gan||:«s, and pn the coaft of Coromandel, where the Dutch have a factory. Lon. 80. o. E. Iat. 16. 45.N. Pbtwobth, a town in SufTex, with a inarltet on Saturdays, and two fairs, on kioly-Tburfday, for horned cattle, and on Nov. so, for fheep and hogs. It is plea- fantly feated nrar the river Arun ; is a fmall place, but remarkable for a fine feat belonging to the duke of Somerfet. It is i« miles N. E. of Chlcheflcr, and 46 S. W. of London. Lon. o. 44. W. Iat. 51. o. N. •PsTzoaA, a province in the N. pa't of Mofcovy, lying along the Frozen Ocean. It is full of high mountains and foreils, and fo cold that the rivers do not thaw till May, 3Pd bei;in to freeze again in Auguft. It is very tiiin of people, and there is but one tovn, whiv'> is of the fame name. * Pt-BtNf t Y, a village in Suflcx^ wih P H A one fair, on July 5, for horned cattle, and pedlars ware. * PeyrossV, an ancient town of France, in Rouerge, with a caflle ; fea ed on a mountain, the foot of which i> washed by the river Diege, 10 miles fiom Cadenach, and s7ofrom Paris. Lon. i. 5. £. Iat. 44. j6. N. * PrArtdHoriN, an handfome town of Germany, in Upper Bavaria, with a Be- nediAine monaHery at a fin&ll diAance. The French troops met with a roptlfe here in 1745, '''^"' * '^^8 difpute. It is feated on the river llm, 4 miles S. W. of .^mberg, and 19N. W. of Ratifbon. Lon.xi.o. £. Iat. 49. 5. N. Pr ALTsavRGiOrFHALTSBuiOiafmall but flrong town of France, between Alface and Lorrain, with the title of a principality, and an ancient caAle. It is feated on a liill, which is a continuation of Mount Vofgue, 5 miles from Saverne, and %j N. W. of Strafburg. Lon. is. ai. E. Iat. 48.46.N. * PriN, a town of SwilTerland, in Tur- gaw, and the chief place of a bailiwick in the dependence of the canton of Zurich. It is feated on the river Thour. PriBT, or Fobkttb, a town of Ger- many, in Upper Alface, 10 miles W. of Ba- fil, and 1 5 S. of Colmar. Lon. 7. 15. E. Iat. 47. 35. N. Pfobtsheiis, a town of Germany, in Suabia, and in the marquifate of Baden- Dourlacb, with a handfome caAle. It is a pretty good town, and feated on the river Entz, 9 miles S. E. of Dourlach, and lo S. E. of Spire. L«n. 9. 4s. E. Iat. 48. 55. N. Pfbeimb, a town of Germany, in the circle of Bavaria, and in Nord-gow, with a handfome caflle. It is feated at the conflu- ence of the rivers Pfreint and Nab, 7 miles N. E. of Amberg, and »* N. by E. of Ratif- bon. Lon. II. 23. E. Iat. 49. 30 N. * PruLLfNooRF, an imperial town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, feated on the river Andelfpach, 37 miles S. W. of Ulm. The inhabitants are Roman Catholics. Lon. 9. 23. W. Iat. 48. O.N. Pharos, a fmall ifland in the Mediterra- nean Sea, oppofite to Alexandfia, in Egypt, which, with the continent, forms a fpacious harbour, and has a commnnicaiion by a ftone caufeway and bridge. It formerly had an exceeding high tower built upon it, call- ed the Pharos, whence the ifland took its name. On the top of it were lights for the direftion of (hips. Lon. 31. 15. E. Iat. 30. 40. N. Pharsamji, wa« tnciently a town of ThtlFaly, now Tuiky in ^Ufopc, a little , - - . , to ' PHI o t1)« S. of lAt'tfft, in the plains of which ome fuppofe the deciAve battle was fought between Cxfar tfnd Fompey ; but this is not certjiiii. *P I ASis, or Fa CHS, a laf(;e anH famous liver of Ada, which crofles Mmgrelia, and falls into the Black Sea. Pmkasants IsLB. SeeFAKANTs. Fm*n le I A, a country of Turky in Eu- rope, exten(1ing from Arabia Defetta to the Mediterranean Sea ; bounded on the N. by Proper Syria, and on the S by Paleftine. This country it comprehended partly by the Beglerbeglic of Tripoly, and partly by that of Damafcus. The principal towns are Tri- poly Damafcus, and Balbeck. It is but a fmall territory, but has been greatly cele- brated for being the inventor of letters and navigation, and was the firA v.' ich we have any account of, that traded with England for tint But though it was a fmall territory, it frequently fent colonics to difterent parts of F.orope and Africa, where they founded con- fiderable towns. PHiLAi>KLPHrA, an ancient town of Alia, in Natolia ; feated at the foot of the mountain Tmolus, fiom tvhcncc there is a fine view over an exrenhvc plam. The Greeks re'ain its ancient n.imA, but the Turks call it Allahijar. It contains 7 or 8000 inhabitants ; among whom are ^hout soooChrlftians, who have four churches' and a Greek archbifliop. It is 40 ms!e<> F.. S. E. of Smyrna. Lon. 28. 15. £. lat. 3S. 45- N- PHitADELFMiA, thecapitalof Penfilva- nia, in North America, and in a county of the fame name. It is an oblong fquare two miles in length, and one in breadth j and the high ftreet runt, from the middle ot one front to another. In the centre of the town is a fquare of ten acres, furroundcd by thetown-houfe, and other public build- ings. In each quarter it another fquare of ei(tht acres. Tlie high (lieet is 100 feet wide, and parallel to it are eight Itrccis, crofTrd by twenty more at >ight angles, all of them being 30 feet wide. It is feated between the rivers Delawar and Schuylkill. There is a fine quay next the Delawar, to which (hips of 4 or 500 tons may came up. There are wet and dry docks for building and repairing (hips, magazines, warehcufes, and all manner of conveniencies for im- porting and exporting merchandizes. Th« boufes aie mofl of thMn built with brick ^ but there are many more ftill wantinfc to complete the plan. The town houfe was crefled in 1732, in which are large rooms for the atTcmbly and Aipreme court. The public offices are kept in the win)^.. The P H I other public buildings are the court-houfe' two Quakers meeting-houfes, two for th^ Prefb/terians, and one for the Baptt^s* There is alfo a church for the Englith fee* vice, one for the Dutch Lutheiani>, one for the Dutch CalviniHs, and one for the Mo* ravians ; befides a mafs-houfr, an academy* a Quaker's fchool;houfe,the city aim' j-houfa, the Quakers aim's houfe, the hofpital, tUa prifon, and the work-houfe. In the year 1749, the dweiling>houfes were carefully computed, and found tu be 2076. Lon. 75. o. W. lat. 40. $0. N. PiiLLipviLLB, a fmall but handfome and Arong tpwn of the French Netherlands, in Hainauir, feated on an eminence, ij miles S. E. of IVIuns, and 12 j N. by E. of Parisi. Lon. 4, 30. E. lat. 50. 8. N. PHiLi?rc>IsLB, or Philifpb'Foit is in Dutch Flanders, on the weftern branch of the fiver Scheide, oppofite to Pearl Fort, ;mile> N.W. of Antwerp,and sN.ofSafu- van-Ghent. l*Hit iFPi, an ancient town of Macedo- nia, ft-atcd on the con(inisoi Romania, 10 miles from the gulph of Contelta, and 67 E. of Salcnichi. It was enlarged by Piiilip, the father of Alexander the Grea', who gave It his own n^mc It was near tliis place, commonly called the plains of Phi- lippi, where Caffius, and Drutuj;, two of the affaiTinators of Cxfar, were defeated by Mark Antony and Augufius. It is Aill in being, and is an archbiihop's fee, but greatly decayed, and hadly peopled. f?ow- ever, thrre is an old amphitheatre, and fe» vera! other monuments of its ancient gran> denr. Lon. S4. SS- ^ 'at- 4i- o. N. Ph'i. ippiNB liLANns, are iflands of Afia, in the £. Indian Sea. They were *if. covered by Magellan in 1519. The air ia very hot and moilt, and the foil very fertile in rice, and many other ufeful vegetables and fruits. The trees are always green, "and there are ripe fruits all the year. There are a great many wild beads and birds, quite unknown in F.urope. The inhabitanta are not all of one original, and the beft of the i lands are fuhjefl to the Spaniards, par- ticularly Mindanao, Manila, Leyta, Iba- bao, Paraguay, Mindoro, and Sebu , befides vvhich there are a vail nnmber of fmall iHands. * PHitiPPiNrs, Nkw, otherwife ealU «d Pataos, are idands in the E. Indian Sea, between the Moluccas, the Old Phi- licpines, and the Maiianes. There ara about cighty^'feven in all, between the cquinoAial line and the tropic of Cancer; but they are but little Icnown to the Euro- peani. N nn PHI. \ P I c PHftirpoii, a confiderable town of Tutky in Europe, and in Romani.i, with »n arihhinio|>*> fee. It is a pretty laige place, and cl'icfly inhahiieH by G'etkR, llio' ttrey have a Turkifh fangiack it is fvaied on the river Maiiza, 6z mile* N. W. rf Adiianople, and i8S N. W. of CnnHantino* pie. Lon. 34. 55. E. lat. 42. 1 5. N. PHiLirs>NoRTON, a town of Somerfet- fhire, with a maikei on Thurfdayt, and three fairs, on March 11, and Aug. 19, for cattle and cloth ; and on March 17, for cloth only. If is 7 mJes S. of Bath, and 104 W. of London. Lon. a. it. W. lat. 5». 21. N. * Ph iLirs, St. a town of N. Ameiica, in New S(ain, and in Macboacan, in a country where (hey breed great numbers of cattle. * PitiLtrtBURc, an imperial town of Germany, in the ciicle of the Upper Rhine. It is very Hron?, and looked upon an one of thf bulwarks of the empire. It is feated in amorafi, and foi tided witli 7 baPions, and feveral advanced woiks. The town belongs to the bifticp of Spire, but all tlie wp rks »nd the fortifications to the emjire. It has been fever.il tir es taken and retaken, par- ticularly by the French in 173/j, when tiie duke of Frrwick was killed at the fiei;e ; but it was rendered b.ick the year followinp, in confcquencc of the treaty of Vienna. It is ftated on the river Rhine, ovcf wliich there is abridge, 5 miles S of Spite, 21 S. F. of Worms, and 40. N. E of Strafbuig. Lon. 8. ^3. E. lat. 49. 14. N. PuiLipsTADT, a town of Sweden, in Gothland, so miles N. E. of Ctrolrtadt, and 105 N. W. of Stockholm. Lon. 14. jc.C. lat. <;9.'50. N. Pholeys. SeeFouLiRS. Phpyg'^ a country of Alia Minor, row Natoli.-*. There weie two countries of this name, the Great and tlie Lefs, ibc tor- nier of which is now cailed Germiam, and the Lefs Sarciam. * PiANEZA, a town and caftle ofltaly, in Piedmont, feated on the river Dora. It Is S miles from Turin. PiANozA, an iiland ofltaly, in tl e Tuf- csn Sea, 6 milesS. ol that of Elba, belong- ing to Tufcany. It is level and low, as the name imports. Lon. 11. o. £. lat, 42, 36. N. Pi A VA, a river of Italy, in the reiritory of Venice, which rifes in the mountains of Tyrol and running by Kadora, Bt;!luna, an«i Feltry, falls ino the gulph of Venice by two mouths, a little to the N. of Venice, • PiCAR A, a large province of S. Ame- rica, in the kingdom of New Granada j P I D boun>4ed on the E. by the mountaini called the Andes. PicAKPV, a province of France, bound- ed on the N. by Hitinault, Artois, and the fea; on the £. by Champagne; on the S. by the Ide of France ; and on the W. by Normandy and the Briiifh Channel. It is divided into the Upper, Middle, and Lower Picardy, and the principal tivcrs are the Somme, the Oyfe, the Canche, the Lis, the Scarp, the Deuie, and the Aa. The foil is vciy fertile in corn, fruits, and paftutes, but it produces no wine. They have a conrir!erablu tiade in woollen manufactures, and the inhfibitants are very indufti ious peo- ple, but very obftinate in their opinions. Amiens is the capital town. PicioiTHONi, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Milan, with a ftrong caflle, in which Francis I. kini; of France was impri- foned. It was taken by ti.e French in 1733, but tliey reflored it back. Itis fea'ed on the river Seiio, 10 miles N. W. of Cre- mona, and 30 S. E. of Milan. Lon. 9. 43. E. lat. 45. 12. N. Picks R INC, a town in the N. Riding of Yorfhire, with a market on Mondays, and one fair, on September 14, for horned cattle, hoifes, and Hieep. It is feated on a fmall brook, and is a pretty good town, belonging to the duchy of Lancafter. It has an old caHle, in the ruins of which they keep their courts for the hearing of all caufes under 40 (hillings, in the diflri£l called the Honour of Picketing, which is alfo c-illed the Liberty of Pickering. It is 26 miles N. E. of Yoik, and 220 N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 32. W. lat. 54. 3C. N. Pico, an ifland of the Atlantic Ocean, and one of the Azores, about 37 miles in circumference, and is pretty fertile, having abundance of cattle. It takes its name f'om a high mountain in the middle of it called the Pike. It is 8 miles S. £. of Fayal, and 30 S. W. cf Tercera. Lon. 28. 5. W. lat. 38. 35. N. PicTs Wall, a famous barrier againft tlie Pi£ls,'Of which fome fmall temains art yet left. It began at the entrance of Sol- way f'ith, in Cumberland, and tunning by Cailiile, was continued from W. to £• acrofs the N. end of the kingdom, as far as Newtaftle, and ended at Tinmouth. There are many Roman coins and antiquities found near it, and it has excited the curiofity of feme good antiquarians to tiace its foun- dation, arid to give a particular defciiption of it. * PiDOLR-TowN, a village in Dorfef- (hire, with one fair, on Eafttr-Tuefday, lor hnifes, bullocks, hcgs, and Jheep. PltD. PIE Pi>D-oi«PoaT. See Jr.AM PiO'DE- Port. PiKOMONT, a country of Iralv, withttic title of a principality } bounded on the N. by Vallois ; on the E. by the diiohy of Mi- lan and the duchy of Moniferrat; on the S. by the county of Nice and the lerijtory of Genoa i and on the W. by Diuphiny »nd Savoy. It comprehends eleven fmill pro- vtnces, Piedmont Proper, ilie valleys be- tween France and it;ily, the valley of Sa- luza, t^e county of Nice, the mirquifate of Sufa, the duchy of AoD, the Canavefe, the lordfhip of Verfail, the county of AH, and the Langes. It was formerly a pait o( Lombardy, but now belongs to the king of Sardinia, and lies at the foot of the Alps, which feparatet France from Italy. It is 175 mile* in length, and 40 in breadth, It contains many high mountains, among which there are rich and fruitful valleys, as pieafant and populous as any part of Italy, In the mountains are mines of feveral kinds, and the foreAs afford a great deal of game. The Piedmontefe have more Tenfe than the Savoyards, but then they are not To fincero. They are generally ftrongly attached to the Roman catholic relii;ion j and 9arry on To great a trade in raw Tilk, that the En^lifh alone have purchafed to tlie value o£ 100,000 pounds in a year. Bcfiles this, they have corn, rice, wine, fruits, hemp, i)ax, and cat- tle. Their fovereictn is the king of Sardinia, who generally refides at Turin, the capital of this country. The valleys between France and Italy are inhabited by the Vau- defe, who are i'roteAants. Towards the end of the laft century the French king per- fuaded the duke of Savry to drive them out of the country, in confequence of which ao.ooo of them retired to Germany, Eng- land, and Holland, and yet they are not all extirpated, though they are obliged to have a Roman cathol c church in every parifh. PiENZA, a fmall populous town of Ita- ly, in the duchy of Tufcany, and in the Siennefe, with a bifhop's fee. It is « ; miles S. E. of Sienna, and $0 S. of Florence. Lnn. II. 45. E. lat. 4; 4. N. Pier K-PB Cador !• SeeCAnoni. PiERRc-LE MouTftR, atoVvnof France in Orleanois, and in Nivernois. It is feated in a bottom furrcunded with mountains, and near a dirty lake, which renders the air very unwholefome, 17 miles N. W. of Mou- lins, and 150 S. of Paris. Lon. 4. 10. E. lat. 46.47. N. ■ •Pierre, St. a fmall defert iflard, rear the coaft cf Newfoundland, ceded to • lie Fien;h by the peace of 176J, for dry- ing and curing their flih. Lon. 53. 46. W. PIN lat, 46. »^N. ' " ' • Pierre, St. .n town of Farce, in Langurdoc, .ind in the diocefo of Vivurj. • Pi«nii«, St. a town of Trance, in Guicnne, and In the dioctfe of Ajjen. • Pier « e-Kon:- A s, a (own of Fiance, in the ivd\y of Vallois, and tlie chief place o* a I'rovortftiip, witii an olicallle. • PiCRRR ANn St. Paul, a fiver of Anieiica, which has its fourcr in the moun- tains o( C^iina, and falls into t!ie fi.3, near theiflird of Tabafco. • PiFRK E SDH Dive, St. a town of France, in Normandy, in t!ie diojcfe of Secze, with a rich Benediflme .nbbey. PiGNF.Roi, a town of Italy, in Pied- mont, at the entrance of the valley rf Pe- rufa. It was in pofrefTton of the French, who had fortified it, particularly with a ca- (Ue built upon a tock ; but being rcflored to the duke of Savoy by treaty in 1 696, t' e French demohrhed the fortifications It is feated on the river Chiufon, 17 milca W. of Turin, and 70 N. of Nice. Lon. 7. 24. E. lat 44. 37. N. • Pi ONE Y, a town of France, in Cham- pagne, with the title of a ducl-y, 12 rniUs N. E. of Troyes. Lon. 4. 15. E. lat. 48. zo. N. Pilaw, or Piliaw, a flrong fea port town of Poland, in Ducal PruflTis, feated in Samland, upon a point of a peninfula, and has a good harbour. It was t<-tk«:n by '.he Swedei in 1625, but now belongs to the king of Prufliat It is ao miies W. of Ko- ningfburg. Lon. zo. 0. E. lat. 54. 45. N. PiLSBN, a handt'ome and Arong town of Bohemia, and capital of a circle of the fame name, on the frontiers of the upper palati- nate of Havaria. It has often been taken and retaken in the wars cf Boliemia, and ia feated near the confluence of the livers Mifa and Watto, 47 miks VV. by S. of Prague, and 52 E. by S. of Egra. Lon. 13. 45. E. lat, 49, ^6, N. Pjlsna, Pi 1 5 no, or Pileow, a town of Little Poland, in the pilatinate of S'vn- domir, and on the confines of Cracovia ; fea'ed on the river Wilfake. 50 miles E. of Cracow. Lon. 21. 30. E. I.ir. 50. 30. N. • PiLTEN, a town in the duc^y of Ccurlard, and c^pi'al of a very ffrtilt terri- tory of the fame name, feated on the river Windaw, between GoMing and F.:r: Win- daw. Lon. II. 10 E. lat, 5". 15. N. PiNHF.L, a flrcng town of Portugal, in the prcvince of Tra ,'osMontes, and capi- tal of a ler'ifory of the fame name, at t'^t confluence of the rivers Coha and P'ir>nel, 25 miles N. of Gj; rda, and 67 E. by S of Salamanca, L-jn. 6, ij, W, lat, 4*^. 4. S. N n n a i'lN- , , P I R PiNNKNimn, I fort and town of Ger- many, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and duchy of Holltein, and capital of a county of the fame name in Stiomaiia. It ii fcated on therivrrOwa, lo miles N. W. of Ham- burg. Lnn. 9.10. E. lar. $4. 10. N. Tlie county is bounded on tlic N. by SteinKcrg } on the E. by Srt;eberi and Tri (ou } on the S. by the river Elbe ; and un the W. by the territory of Ciemprn. PiNos, an ifland of N. America, on the S. firfc of the iHand of Cuba, from wbich it is ftparated by a drep (>rait. It is s 5 miles in length, 15 in breadth, and Itaa exceileni paOuies, but it not inhabited. LaC. xi. sS. N * Pi N ISO, a town of Poland, in Lithu* ania, capital of a territory, and feaicd on a river of the fame name. It was formerly a confideralile place, hut has been almoft ruined by the CoiTacks. Lon. x6. 50. E. Jai. 51. s8' N. PioMBiNo, a fca-port town of Iialy, in the duchy of Tufcany, and capital of a principali'y of the fame name, feated on a b;«y of the TuCcan Sea, 15 miles S. E. of Leghorn, and 60 S. W. of Florence. Lon. 10. 4], E. lat. 4x. 57. N. * PioMBiNO, the principality of, a fmall lettitory of Italy, in the duchy of Tufca- ny, lyin{; on the feacoai^. The ifland »f Elba depends upon it, and has its own p;inces, under the proceAion of the king of the Two Sicilies, who has a right to put a gatrifon into the fort. PipeiY, a town of AGa, in the king- dom of Bengal, ftated on the banks of a river 15 miles from fialafore ; was formerly a place of trade, and had English and Dutch fa£\oties ; but fince they have been removed to Hughly and Calcutta it is entirely forfaken by the merchants, and is only inhabited by fishermen. Lon. 14a. 45. E. lat. ai. 40. N. Pi r KB NO, a town of Italy, in the Cam- pagna of Rome, to miles N. of Terracipa, and 50 S. E. of Rome. Lon. 13. o. £. lat 41. 3Q. N. * Ptq.UK MoNTVALLiKR, the highefl nountain of the Pvrennees. It is in the form of a pike, and may be feen 50 miles off. Lon o. 21. W. lat. 4*. 51. N. Pi QUI CM, a town of France, in Picar d)', fcated on the riwr Somme, 7 miles E. of Amiens. Lun. s. to. E. lat. 49. 55. PiKi^No, a fea port town of Italy, in Iftria, and m the'(er 40. P I s * Piai, a country of Africa, in &9 kingdom of Loango, faid to be very good, and inhabited by a mild, good Mtured peo- ple. PiaiTt, a town of Geratianjf, in the circle of Upper Saxony, in the dudiy of I'onierania, and in the territory of Stetin. Tlie ancient dukes of Pomeraoia often re* Tided here. It is feated near the lake Mal- dui, 17 milss S. of Stctin. Lon. 15. S< E. lat. 53. 6. N. Pis A, an ancient, larfe, handfcflw, and llron^ c tf of Italy, m Tufcany, and capj« tal of tiie Pifano, with an univcrfity, an archbifhop's fee, and thine forti. The ter. riiory lies near the place where the river Arno falls into the fea, but it very fmall, and yet enriched with feveral fine produc- tions J there is curious marble, good ala« bailer, lapis lazuh, vitriol, and falt-works. The town is feated on the river Aino, at a fmall diftancc from the fea, in a very fertile plain. That river rum through Pifii, and over it are three bridges, of which that in the middle is conftruAed with nurble } on thia bridge the inhabitants every year have a mock-fight, like that at Venice This town is fo far from having aa many inhabitants aa it can contain, that grafs grows In the prin> cipal ftrteti. The cathedral is a magnifi- ctnt Aru£iure, and on the right fide of the choir is the leaning tower, fo much talked of. In the great fquare, before St. Ster {)hens*8 church, is a white maible flatue, repiefenting dukeCofmo the Great. The Grand Duke's palace, and the magnificent exchange, a'e worth taking notice of. It is 10 miles N. of Leghorn, 4» W. of Flo- lence, and 10 S. W. of Lucca. Lon. 10, X4. £. Iat> 43. 4a. N. The territory ia about 4» miles in length, and 35 in breadth. * PiSANo, a territory of Italy, in Tuf- cany, about 47 miles in length, and 95 in bieadth. It is bounded on the N. by the Florentino ani the republic of Lucca } on the E. by the Sianefe ; aad on the W. by the fea. It is one of the bfift countries in all Tufcany. Pi 80 A, a handfome town of S.America, in Peru, and in the audience of Lima, with a good road for (hips to ride in. I; is feated in a country fertile m excellent fruits and good wine, which they fend to the tci\ of the Spanish fettlements. It is about half a mile from the fea, and i<;»S. of Liana. Lon. 73. 35. W, lat. 14. o. S. PiscATAWAY, aliatbourof N. Ameri- ca, in New Hampfhire, 70 miles N, of Bo- (ton, in New Engiand. Lon. 70. o. W. lat. 4v 3>. N. • Pis£tt.o, the ittoft northern cape of Natolia» P L A Natolia, in AAa, whkh advances Into the ' Black Sea, over-againft Crim Tartary. • PiaroiA, a handfome and conflder- able town of Italy, in the ducHy of Tufca- ny, with a Mfhop's fee. TlMre are feveral fine churchet and magnificent palacei, and the houfei of private peiToix are generally well built ; bat notwithAanding thia it ii almoft deferted, in comparifon of what it waa farnterly } for there are now only 5000 inhabiianti ; but among thefe arc 40 noble families. It it feated in a fertile plain, at the foot of the Appenninei, and near the river Stella, ao miles N. W. of Florence, and 30 N. E. of Pifa. Lon. 10. 55. E. lat. 41- 55- N. * Pi TAN, a province of Ana, in the do> minions of the Great Mogul, and beyond the river Ganges. It is bounded on the N. by mount Nai;racut, on the E. by the king- doms of LaflTa and Afem, on the S. by the provinces of Jefuat and Mevat, and on the W. by Mevat and Vara!. PiTHSA, a province of Swedifli Lap- land, bounded on the N. by Lapland of Luh- lia, on the E. by Bothnia, on the S. by Lap- land d'Uhma, and on the W. by Norway. The river Pithea runs crofs it. There is a town of the fame name, feated on the W. flde of the gulph of Bothnia, 80 miles S. W. of Tornca. Lon. ao. o. E. lat. 64. 45. N. * PiTscHKW, a town of Silefla, in the principality of Brieg. Lon. 18. is. E. lat. 51. 10. N. PiTTCNWBiM, a fea-port town of Scot- land, in the county of Fife, f^ted at the entrance of the frith of Forth, 13 miles N. E. of Edinburgh. Lon. s, a5. W. lat. 56. IS. N. • Prszo, a town of Italy, u jf* Farther Calabria, feated on the gulpb of it. Eufe- mia, 4 miles from Monte-Leone. Placintia, a town of Spain, in Ef- tramadura, with a bifhop's fee, a title of a duchy, and a good caflle ; feated on the river Xera, in a delightful plain, almofi furrounded with mountains. It is 83 miles W. of Toledo, and 67 S. W. of Madrid. Lon. 5. 5. W. lat. 49. ;o N. Placintia, a town of Spain, in the province of Ouipufcoa, and in the valley of Marguina. It fubmitted to the allies in 1706, but was afterwards reduced by the other party. It is feated on the river De- y», *$ miles S. E. of Biiboa, and 6a N. W. of Pampelona. Lon. a. 33. W. lat. 43. 16. N. PtACKKTiA, a fea-port town of N. America, In Newfoundland, feated on a bay •Q the S. E. part of the ifland. Ic was ceded P L A to the Englifb by the treaty of Utrecht, and if 40 miles W. of St. John, and soo E. of Cape Breton. Lon. 51. 55. W. Ut. 47. 40. N. Placenza, a populous town of Italy, and capital of a duchy of the fame name, with a bifhopU fee, and a citadel } whicti is a large, hardfome, fortified place. Th« beauty of its churches, houfes, fquares, flreets, and fountaini, render it a very plea- fant town. It has a celebrated univerfity, and about 30,000 inhabitants, among whom there are aooo monki, nuns, arvd other perfons belonging to the church. The king of Sardinia took pofTclTion of it in 1744, in confequence of the treaty of Worms, cor- dudcd in 1743 i *"<' ^^^"^ ^>* * battle fought near it in 1746. It is delightfully feated, in a well-cultivated country, on the river "Po, 3s miles, N. W.^of Parma, and 83 E. of Turin. Loa. 9. 43. E. lat. 4S. 5. N. * Pl AC INK A, the duchy of, was for- merly the weflern part of the duchy of Parma. It is hounded on the E. by the duchy of Parma, on the N. and W. by the duchy of Milan, and on the S. by the terri- tory of Genoa. It is very fertile and popu. loos, and contains mines of iron and falt- fprings, from which they make a very white fait. Its principal rivers are the Trebia and the Nur», and the capital town is of the fame name, it was divided between the queen of Hungary and the kinftof Sardinia, in purfuance of the treaty of Worms, con- cluded in 1743. * Planay, or PtANcY, a town of France, in Champagne, in the diocefe of Troyes, with the title of a marquifate, and a chapter. * Planiiz, an ifland of the Mediterra- nean Sea, on the coaft of France, and in the road of Marfeilles. Plano, an ifland of the Mediterranean Sea, on tlie coaft of Spain, and in the bay of Alicant, which is not above a mile audi a half in length. Plasrndal, a fortrefs of the Auflrlan Netherlands, 3 miles S. E. of Oftend, feated on the canal which goes from thence to Bruges. Plata, a rich and populous town of S* America, in Peru, and capital of the pro« vince of Los Charcas, with an audience, and an archbilhop's fee. It has mines of filver, which they have left off working, fince thofe of ('otofi have been difcovered. It is feated on the river Chimao, 500 miles S. E. of Cufco. It was built by the Spa- niards, and may contain about 800 families* I Lon. 6a. 17. W. lat. 10. 10, S. I Plata, P I. E PiATAt t large river of S. Americt, ^hich has ltd fouice in the audience oi Lost Charcaj, in Vetu, and ciofTing Paraguay,' fall* ihto the N. Sea. It Ik exi^eecJinic broad, and near,itt mouth no left than i $o milci over. Ic givei ita name to a province in I'aiaguay, whofe principal towns aic, Santa Fe, Ruenoit Ayres, Coirienlcx, and Santa T.uin. There i» alfo an itland oftliis itamc in Peru, on the cuaft of the audience nf Q^ito, about 5 miles in length, and 4 in breadth, and furrounded by high craggy rovkt. P1.AT/EA was anciently a townnf Poeo- tta, in Greece, feated at the foot uf Mount Clihccron, to the S, of Thebes, and to the the N. of Mvgara. It was famous for its Temple, deoicated to Jiipitei, and for a vi(f!ory gained hy Paufanias with a handful ct Greeks over the Perfians, w^hen the general was killed, witit tlie flower of his troops. * Plaven, or Plawfn, a town of Cermany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and duchy of Mechlenbuig, on the confines of the Marche of Brandenbui^ ; feated on a fmall river which falls into the Elbe, near a lake of the fame n^ime, 17 miles S. of Guf- trow, and 90 N. E. of Magdeburg. Lon. js. 45. E. lat, 1:3. 40. N. P1.AVCN, or Plawbn, a town of Ger- many, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and in Voigiland. It has four great (airs every year J and ib feated on t!ie river Elder, 50 miles S. E. of Erfort, and 67 S. E. of Oref- den. Lon. ii. 22. E. lat. 50. 30. N. * Playhfn, a village in Sulfex, with one fair, on September 4, for pedlars ware. * Plbasly, a village in Derby (hire, with two fail 8, on May 6 and OAuber 29, for (heep, cattle, and liorfes * Pleiburc, a town of Germany, in Carinthia, feated on the river Feiflcz, upon ^ hill, at the /oot of a high mountain. Fl£8cow, a town of RufTia, capital of a duchy of the fame name, with an arch- bifhop's fee, and a Arong caAle. It is a large place, and divided into four parts, each of which is furrounded with walls. It is feated on the river Muldow, where it falls into the lake Plefcow, 77 miles S. of Narva, and 1 i;o S. by W. of Peterfburg. Lon. 28. 45. £. lat. 57. 34. N. * Plbscow, a ducl:y inRufTia, between the duchies of Novogorod, Lithuania, Li- vcnia, and Ingria. The capital town is of the fame name. Pi.esse, a town of Silefia, on the con- fincK if Poland, with a caflle ; feated on •he river Viftula, 35 miles E. of Troppaw. Xcn. 18. 16. £. lat. 50. 0. N. PLY * Ptissis-tBs-Tovas, a royal palace of France, near Tours, built by Lewis XI. where he died in 1483. It is feated in a very fine country. Pl I Mr TON, a town of Devonfhirr, with a maiket on Saturdays, and four fairs, on February 2, April 5, Augud 12, andOAo- ber 28, for horned cattle, and woollen<- cloth. tt is feated on a branch «f the liver IMime, and had on^e a caAle now in ruins. It fends two members to pailiamcnr, and it 7 miles E by N, of Plymouth, and 220 W. by S. of London. Loo. 2. 20. W. lat. 50. 25. N. * Plint, a village in Cornwall, with one fair, on July 5, for horfes, oxen, fhcep» cloth, and a few hopt. Plocksko, a town of Poland, and ca- pital of a palatinate of the fame name, with a caAle and a bifliop's fee. The churches are very magnificent, and it it built upon a hill, from whence theie is a fine profpeA every way, near the river ViAula. it is 2 9 miles S. E. of Uladidaw, and 55. W. of Warfaw. Lon. ao. 9. E. lat. 51. 32. N. * P1.0CKSK0, a palatinate of Poland, bounded on the N. by Rei^al Pruflia, nn the £. by the palatinate of Mazovia, on thcS. by the Vidula, and on the W. by the pala- tinate of Inuvladiflaw. The capital town is of the fame name. Plot N, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of Lower Saxony, and in the duchy of IIolAein, capital of a principality of the fame name, no miles N. W. of Lubcck,and 10 S. E. of Kiel!. Lon. 10. aS. E. lat. 54. 15. N. * Plucklcy, a village in Kent, with one fair, on December 5, for pedlars ware. Pluten T z, a town of Germany, in the Tyrol, and chief place of a county of the fame name, feated in a pleafant plain, on the river III, 65 miles W. of Infpruck. Lon. 10. o. £. lat. 47. o. N. Plumbiers, a town of Lorrain, in Vofge, famous for its baths, and being fur- rounded with mountains. Lon. 6. 37. £^ lat. 4.7. 59- N. * PtuvjERS, a town of France, in Or- leanois, and in Beauce, zo miles N. of Or- leans. . Lon. 2. 20. E. lat. 48. 10. N. Plymouth, a fea-port town of Devon- fhire, with two markets, on Mondays and Thurfdays, and two fairs, on January 25, and September ai, for horned cattle and woollen-cloth. It is feated on the river Plime, and near the Tamer, where tliey fall into the fea. It contains 2 parifh- churches, and is one. of the moft impottant places in the kingdom, of great ftrength, and very well well ing t of CO • cor an h( two cdb^ and abo mile dock houf 600 new ter, i 28. p o n well fortlAed. It i» aifo a Aitlon for boUd ing and laying up men of war h«. It it a corporation, and has foui charity- fchooli, an hofpital, and a woik-houfe, and fcndo two mrmbcrt tn padiament. It i« gwern cd by a mayor, i« aldermen, • recorder, and ^4 commoncouncitmen. Befldcs the abo ') churcbe», there it one about hiilf a mile out of the town, and a chapel in the dock-yard. The (own ccnfilh of about 8co lioufes, but indifferently built, with about 600 houfes at the dock, moft of which are new buildings. It is 43 miles S. W. of Exe- ter, and 2 1 6 W. by S. of London. Lon. 4. aS. W. lat. 50.16. N. Plymowth, afea-porttownofN. Ame- rica, in New-England, and capital of a county of the fame name \ feated at the S. end of Plymouth-bay, and is the At{\ town that was built in New-England. Lon. 75. a. W. Ut. 4i< 25. N. Po, a large, celebrated river of Italy, which hasitsfourceat mount Vifo in Pied- mont, and on the confines of Dauphiny. It runs through Piedmont, Montferrat, the Milanefe, and duchy of Mantua { from thence it runs on the borders of the Parme- 2an, and a part of the Modenefe ; and hav- ing entered the Ferrarefe, it begins to di- vide at Ficheruolo, and proceeds to difcharge itfelf into the gulph of Venice by four prin- cipal mouths. As it paflcs along it receives feveral rivers, and oftentimes overflows its banks, doing a great deal of mifchief ; the leafon of which is, that mo(l of ihofe rivers defcend from the Alps, and are increafed by the melting of the fnow. PocKLiMGTON, a town of the E. Rid- ing of Yorkshire, with a market on Satur- days, and four fairs, on February *4, April «5, July «4, and October t8, for cattle, ctieele, cloth, and leathern wares. It is feared on a flream wliich falls into theDer- went, 14 miles S. E. of Yoik, and 1S3 N. by W. of London. Lon- o. 40. W. lat. 53. SO. N. PoDEN STEIN, a town of Germany, in the ciicle of Franconia, and in the biniop- rick of Bamberg } feated among large fo- tefls, near the fource of the river Putlach, 17 miles S. of Cullembach, and 30 S. E. of Bamberg Lon. 11. 35. E. lat. 49. 50. N, • PooLACRiA, or PbtACHiA, a pa- latinate of Poland, bounded on the N. by PrufTia and Lithuania ; on theE. by Litha- ania ; on the S. by the pilatinate of Lub- lin {and on the W. by that of Mazovia. It is about 88 miles in lent^th, and 30 in breadth j the principal rivers are, the Bog PO 1 and (he Nar«w ; Bielfko it the capital town* I'onoLi.A, a provin e of Polifh KnfTia* hounded on the N. by Volhinia and ilielik- raine; on theS. by Moldavia and Pokuiia i and on (he W. by Red RufDa. The river Ncifler runs alont t'e fiuthcrn hordcrs, ani the Bog crolTes it almoft entirely from W, to E. it conhit of large fieldi, which would be very feitile if they were wt II peopled andl cultivated ; hut the many inroada of the Tanais hinder both. It is dividvd into tli« Upper and Lower j Kaminieck i« the ca- pital of the former, and Bracklaw uf the lat- ter. • PonoiBON J I, a town of I'aly, in the duchy of Tu'c.iny, which had a citar'cl now in ruins. It is f.«mous for its rxceilent tobacco, and is feated near the river Elfa, 16 miles S. oi Florence. Lon. ta. 15. E. lat. 43. 30. N. PoGoiu, a town of Italy, in Tufcanjr, near Florence, famnns lor a handfome palace of the Great Duke. Lon. n. 35. E. laf. 43-»«.N. PoiRiNo, or PoveiiNO, a town of Italy, in Piedmont, 15 miles S.E. of Tu- rin. Lon. 7. 36. E. lat. 44. 4 ^. N. PonsY, an ancient town of Fiance, in the Ille of France; feated near the edj^e of the forert of St. Germain, 1 5 miles fiom Paris. Lon. 1. 7. E iat. 48. 5^). N, Poitiers, an ancient, large, and con- nderable town of France, capital of Poitou, wi'h a bifhop's fee four ahheys, a mint, and an univeifity famous for law. It con- tains 21 parifhes, g convents for men, and I a nunneries. 7 here »re Teverai Roman an- tiquities, and particularly an amphitheatre, bt)t partly demolifhed, and hid by the houfes. There is alfo a triumphal arch, which ferves as a gate to the great flreet. Ic is not peopled in proportion to its extent. Near this place, Edward the Bl^ck Prince gained a decifive viAory over the French, taking king John and his Ton Philip prifo- ners, in 1350, whom he afterwards brought over into England. It is feated on a hill on the river Clain, 52 miles S. W. of Tours, and 120N. by E. of Bouideaux. Lon. o* 25. E. lat. 46. 35. N. PoiTou, a province of France, bounded on the N. by Bietaene, Anjou, and p.irt of Touraine ; on the E. by Tooraine, Berry, and Manche ; on the S. by Angoumoisi.Sain- tonge, and the territot y of Aunis ; and on the W. by the fea of Gafcony. It is divided into the Up'jtr and Lower ; and is fertile in corn and wine, and feeds a great npnibcr of cattle, particularly mules. It was in pof- feflion of the kines of Enf;Und for a confl- derable time, till it was loA by th: unfor- tunate - POL tMitt Henry VI. Poiikrs U the eapilar town. * P011, • town of Franca, in Picardy, in rtia bailiwick of Amicnt, with a priory, •nd tha title of a principality. It i» fcaicd on a rivar of tha fame n«m«» * PoKotiA, a territory of Poland, on tha conftnea of Hungary and Tranniv^nia, It ia bounded on tha N. and E. by Podo- lia ) on the S. by a part of Hungary and Tranfllvania ; and on the W. by Red RuflTu. Pol A, an ancient, fmall, but '^rongtown of Italy, in tha S. part of lAria, with a ci- tadel and a bi(hop*i fee. Here are the luini of an amphitheatre and a triumphal arch, built by the Romani. It it featcd at the bottom of a deep bay, and has a fpacioui harbour, 45 miles S. of Cabo d'lltna, and So S. E. of Venice. Loo. 14. 7. E. lat. 45. 6. M. FoLACNiA. See Podlacchia. * Pol AN A, a town of Italy, in Sicily, and in the VaiDemona, featad near the fea. Poland, a large kingdom of Europe; bounded on the W. by the Baltick Sea, Brandenburg, and Silcfia ; on the S, by Hungary, Tranfllvania, and Moldavia ; and on the N . and E. by the dominions uf Ruifia. It ii divided into three Urge parti. Great Poland, Little Poland, and the duchy of Lithuania! each of which is again divided into feveral palatina:et, or provinces. The government of Poland is monarchical and ariftocratical, and is the only kingdom in Europe which, at prefent, is eieAive. The Icing is chofen by a general diet called toge- ther by the archbifhop of Cnefna, who is the chief of the republic during tha inter- regnum. This diet is held in the open field, in a kind of laige hall eiaAed for that pur> pofe, above a mile from Warfaw. When he is elcAed he is obliged to take an oath, that he will maintain the privileges of the republic called the PaAa Conventa. After his coronation he may difpofe of the vacant benefices, and the offi.es both civil and mi- liiary. He has a fettled revenue of 1 40,000 1 a-year, and cannor, by his own authority, raife any new taxes or change any law. The ariftocracy of this republic confifts in the fenate and general diet. The fenate is eompofcd of the bilhops, great officers, pa- latines, and governors of towns, who, with the king, regulate the afTairs of the king- dom, and prevent him from doing any thing againft ths liberty of the country. The general diets, which are alTemblies of all the nobility, ought to be held every two years ) but they meet oftener xyhen there is any ioporani affiur on the carpet. Before s*^ ■** POL a fMMtal diet ia bald, the king fimda eircv Jar letters 10 tha palattMS, declaring what the affairs are on which the air«mbliet are to deliberate. Upon th there it a particular diet in every palatio'.'e, wherein nothing can be deterniited vwthout a general coo- fent i for if ore %. r*leipan opp (anis are poor, mifcrable, and clownilh} and as they poffefs nothing, they contribute nothing to the fupport of tie government. They are flaves to the gentlemen, who treat them juit as tliey pleafe. It is not faid they have fo much a year, but that they have fo m.iny peafants under :hcm. Tha air is generally coid, and they have but lit- tle wood } however it is fu fer tile in corn in many places, that it fupplies Sweden and Holland with large quantities. There are extenfive paftures, and they have a large quantity of leather, furs, hemp, flax, fait- petre, honey, and wax. There are fo many bees, efpecially in Lithuania, that their common drink is mead or metheglin. They have mines of fait, which are of a great depth, out of which they dig rock-falt. The pre<'«iling religion is the Roman Ca- tholic, which the king muft always profefs: however, there are Lutherans, Calvinifls, and a great many Jews. There 'are thiee univerfities, at Cracow, Vilna, and Ko- ningfburg ;.two archbifhopricks, and fifteen hifhopricks The principal rivers are the Niepcr, the Viflula, the Bu?, the Niemen, and Ntifler, and the Bog. Cracow is the capital town, hut Warfaw is the general re- fidence of the king. Pol IRON, an ifland of Afia, in the E. Indian Ocean, and one of thofe which pro- du< ed nutmegs. The inhabitants were once uHiier the prate£iion of the Englifli, but they were driven from thence by the Dutch, and the natives were very barbarouHy treat- ed. It is 60 miles S, o: the ifland of Ssram, and ISO S. £. of Amboyna. Loa. laS. as* £. lat. 4. o. S. PoLESiA, a name given to the palati- nate of Briefcia in Lithuania. See Brzes- CIA. PoLESiMO*pi*Rovico« a province of I Italy, dt etrra* ng whac • art to ariicular nothing ral coa> the opj. o hrtak i* timo, al diet. P 5 I. fUty, In the republic of Venice ( bounJed on the N. by the I'aduano } on the S. by the Ferrarefe { on the E. by tlie Dogado { and on the W. by the Veronefe. It ii about 41 milci in length, and 17 in breadth, and it very fertile in com and paHurei. Rovigo ii the capital town. * FoLicANDKo, a fmall idand ia the Archipelago, and one of the Cycladci j about so milcc in circumference. The in> habitants are very poor, there being only a few villagci, a caflle, and a harbour j but in general nothing but barren rocka and mountains. It lies between Milo, Sikino, Paros, and Antiparos. JLon. S5. a5. E. lat. 36. 16. N. PoticASTBO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in tlie Hither Trin- clpato, with a bithop's fee. It is now al- Rioft ruined, and feated on a gulph of the firae name, 55 miles S. E. of Saleino, and 58 S. E. of Naples, ton. 15. 40. £. lat. 40. 7. N. * PoLiGNANo, a town of Italy, In the kingdom of Naples, and in the Tcrradi- Barri, with a biftiop's fee. It is a populous place, feated on a cra^jgy rock, near tlie fea, ao miles S. £. of Barri. Lon. 17. a 3. E. lat. 33. 15. N. * PoLiCNi, a town of France, in the Franche Comte, and capital of a bailiwick of a diocefe of Befanzon } feated on a rivuler, It miles S. W. of Salins, and 32 S. W. of Befanzon. Lon. 5. 45. E. lat. 46. 50. N. PoLiTio, or PoLizzi, a town of Sicily, io the Val-di-Demona, at the foot of the mountain Madonis, 3 s miles S. E. of Pa- lermo. Lon. 13. 10. E. lat. 37. 50. N. * PoLLiNA, an ancient fmall town of Turky in Europe, in Albania, with a Greek archbifhop's fee. Ic was formrriy a confiderable place, but is now almofl in ruins, and is 1 z miles S of Durazzo. Lon. 19. 40. E. lat. 41. to. N. * PoLOCKZKi, or PoiocKzo, a palati- nate in the great duchy of Lithuania ; bounded on the N. by Mufcovy, on the H. by the palatinate of WitepiV, on the S. by t*ie river Dwina, and on the W, by l.ivo- nia. It is a barren country, full of wnod, and had formerly its own dukes. Theca pital town is of the fame name. PoLOCKZi, a town of Lithuania, capita* of the palatinate of the fame name, wi.h two caftles. It is large and well fortified, and was taken by the Mufcovites in 1 $63, but the Poles retook it in the fame year It {• firated on the river Djvina, 50 miles S. W. of Witepfk, and 80 E. of Biaflaw. Lon. 29. 55. E. lat. ss- 33- N. * PoLTMHf St. a fmall tovmofCer- P O N many, in Lower Auflris, feated on the i4- vulet Draf^m, whu!i falls into the Danube near Holmburg, S miles from Vienna. * PoMaoue, on* of the three idee of Marfeilles, in France, near the iflaod of Iff. PoMKBAKiA, a provinee of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, with the title of a duchy. It is bounded on the N. by the Baltic Sea, on the E. by PiufHa and Poland, on the S. by the Marche of Bran- denburg, and on the W. by the duchy of Mecklenburg ; one part belongs to tlie king of PrulTia, and the other to the Swedes. It is watered by feveral rivers, of wliicli the Oder, the Pene, the Rega, the Perfant, the Wipper, the Stolp, the Lupo, and the Lobo, are the moA confiderable. Tlie air is pretty cold, but compenfated by the fer- tiliiy of the foil, which abounds in paOures and corn, of which a great deal is tranf- ported into foreign countries, it is a flat country, containing many lakes, woods, and forefts, and has feveral good harbourv, particularly Stetin and Stralfund ; about a$o miles in length, and 75 in breadth. It has fufFsred greatly in the late war, o'herwifo it might have btcn much richer than it is. They have a cuAom here of eating all their fleftt after it is dried in the fmoke. It is divided into the Hither and Farther Pomerania, and the river Pene di- vides the territories of the kings of Sweden and PrufTia in this duchy. * PoMBRCLtA, a diAri^l of Poland, hounded on the N. by the Baltic Sea ; on the £. by PrufTta ; on the S. by Poland, and on the W. by Farther Pomerania. Damzick is the capital town. * PoMBSANiA, a country of Ducal PrufTia, which extends fiom E. to W. from the river PsflTerj; as far as tlie Viftula, be- tween Re(;al Pi ufTia, which bounds it on the W. and N. and partly on the E. It is a pretty large country, and full of lakes and moralfes. PoNoESTURi.\, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Moniferrat, fubjedl to the kini; uf Sardinia ; feated on the S. fide of the river Po, 33 miles E. of Turin. Lon. 7. 45. E.l.-it. 45. o. N. PoNoicHERK Y, a large town of Afia, in (he peninfula on tiiis fide the Gant(es, and on the coa(l of Coromandel. It is in a low fituation, and the fhips archor about a mile ^nd an half fiom it j nor ran the boats or canoes come nearer it than a mufket- (hot, on account of the breakers, fo that the blacks come in flat-bottomed boats to carry the men and merchandizes to Xht fleet. The fott was aoo paces from the fea, and O o , verv •\: PON nry irregular ; built with bricki, and co> vcrtd with fine, plaiAcr, refeinbling white marble. The huH of the blacks lie here ^nd there, and the walls are of bamboes mixed wit.': the branches of trees. The French are greatly addi<£led to women, from vrhom they catch difeafes that lender them pale, livid, and meagre, with a frightful afpeA. However, feveral of the French are married to a fort of Portut;uefe women, who are of a mixed breed, being a kind of Mulattoes. The country about it is barren, and confequently moft of their provifions are brought from other places. Their trade forfift9 in cotton-cloths, filk, pepper, fait- petre, and other merchandizes that are brought from Bengal. With regard to the religion of the natives, the moil numerou;; are the Centoos, but there are Mahometans pr Moors, who hold a great many ridicu- lous opinions. The Centoos are of differ- ent (c&s, and that of the Brahmins are prieAs. The cuftom of womuns burning themfi^lves with the bodies of t'leir dead liufbands was very common, but of late is much difcountenanced. The Haves or fcr- vants are very numerous, and their chief food is rice ; however, moft of ihi;rn are afflicted with tie French difeafe, and their wives are common both to the Centoos and Moors, Thefe wretched psople will fell their fifters, daughters, or wives, for a tiifle ; and they or, their parts are very fond of the white men. This place was taken, •nd the fortifications demolifhed, by colonel Coote ; but reAoied tv the French by the peace of 1763. It is 6c ipiles S. of Fort Sr, peorge. Lon. 2o. 32. 1^. lat. 11. 56. N. * PoNDico, an ifland of the Archipela- gPi lying on the gulph of Ziton, near the coafl of Negropont. It is fmall and unin- habi:e<|, 4s well as two others that lie near it. PoN7iKBAo/t, a town of Spain, in the kingdom of Leon, feated on the river Stil, on the confines of Galicia, 38 miles S. W. of Leon. Lon. 7. o. W. lat. 42. 36. N. • P0N5, a town of France, inSaiiUonge, Tery famous in the time. of the fJuguenots. It is feated on d hill near the river Suigne, io miles frorp ^aintes. f,on. o. 32. W. lat. f 3- 34- N- Pons -ot -ToMiKKS, St. a town of France, in Lower Langucdoc, with a bi- Ihop's fee; feated on a valley furrounded with mountains, wherein are f|ne marble quarries, xz miles N. W. of ^arbonne. iers to parliament. It had a very handfome eaftle, which was dcmolifhed in the civil wars. It is xx miles S. W. of York, and 169 N. by W. of London. Lon. z. 5. W. lat. 53. 4x. N. Ponte-Stura, a fmall town of Italy, in Montferrat, feated at the confluence of the rivers Stora and Po, 3 miles S. W. of Cafal, and 10 S. W. of Verceil. Lon. 8. ai.E. lat. 45. 7. N. • Ponte-Vedra, a town of Spain, in the kingdom of Galicia, feated almoft at the mouth of the river Leriz ; famous for its (ifliery of fardins, which make its prin- tipal riches^ Lon. 8. 7. W. lat. 4X. 18. N. • PoNT-GiBAUT, a town of France^ in Auvergne. and election of Clermont. Near this place is the village of Rore, with a fil- ver-mine, and a vinous fountain of mineral water. It h 10 miles W^ N. W. of Cler- tnont. Lon. z. 55. £. lat. 45. 50. N. • PoMTHiEU, a county of France, in Picardy, wliich e):tends from the river Somme to that of Canche. It is very fertile in corn and fruits, • PoNTiGNv, a town of France, in Champagne, on the confines of Burgundy, feated on the river Serain, remaikabie for its famous abbey. Lon. 3. 5. £. lat. 48. 1. N. • Pont-l'Eveq^oe, a town of France, in Normandy, feated on the river Toaque, 8 miles from Honfleur, and 10 from Lifieux. Lon. o. t J. E. lat. 49. 17. N. PoNToiiK, a town of France, in the iTexin j feated on rit, a town of France^ in Languedoc, and in the diocefe of Ul'ez ] feated on the river Rhone, over v^hich i« one of the fineft bridges in France j it is 840 yards in length, and confifts of %6 arches ; each pier is pierced with an aper- ture, to facilitate the pafTage of the water where the river is high. The towrn is large^ but the flreets are narrow and ill- built. However, it contains feveral churches and convents. It is 17 miles S. of Viviers, and 5S N. E. of Montpellier. Lon. 4. 46. E. lat. 44. 17. K. • Pont 8t. Maiiemcb, a towiiof the Ifte of France, feated on the river Oife, 5 miles from Senlis. Lon. ». 40^ £. lat. 49. 18. N. * PoNT-strx-SBiNX,a town of France, in Champagne, with a haiidrome caflle j feated on the river Seine, 1 7 miles from Troyes, and 55 S. E. of Paris. Lon. 3. 35. E.lat. 48. 38. N; • PoNTosoR-YoNNE, a town of Frsneff, in the diocefe of Sens, feated on the rtve^ Yonne, 8 miles N. W. of Sens. ' Loti 3. a8. E.lat. 48. 16. N. PoNTus, the ancient name 01 a country in Afia Minor, near the Euxine Sea, one of whcfe kings was Mithridatss, who was conquered by Pompey, PoNTYPoot, a town of Monmouth- liire, with a market on Saturdays, and three fairs, on April 22, July 5, and O£lober 10, for horfes, lean cattle, and pedlars ware. It is feated between two hills, and is but a fmall place, though notei for its iron-mills, and {^reat manufaAure of japanned mugo^ and the like. Jr is 15 miles S. W. ofMon* mouth, and' T 36 W. by N. of London. Lon. 3. o. W. lat. 51.45.N. PoMZA, orPoNTiA, a fmall ifl^^nd of the Tufaan Sea, well known to be the place to which many illuitrious Romans were formerly baniflied. It is on the coaft of the Hither Principato, an4 near CalTel-a^mar* della-Btucca. Lon. 13. 50. E. lat. 41. 15. N. * Foot, in Montgomery fhir^. Sc« Weich-Pool. O a Po«t* <1 POP Pooti a fea*port town of DorfetAiire, with two markets, on Mondays and Thurf- days, and one fair, on the fiid Thurfday in November, for toys. It is furrounded on all fidei by the fea, except on the N. where there is an entrance through a gate. It was formerly nothing but a place where a few fifliermen lived, but in the reign of Henry VI. It was greatly enlarged, and the inhabitants had the privilege to wall it round } it was alfo made a county of itfelf, and fent two members to parliament. It is governed by a mayor, a fenior bailiff, four other juftices, and an indeterminate nam- ber of burgefles. The town confifts of a church and about 600 houfes, with broad paved ftreets ; and has a manufactory of knit hofe. It is 47 miles W. S. W. of Win- cheder, and 1 10 W. by S. of London. Lon. 3. 6. W. lat. 50. 45. N. Popa-Madrb, a town of S. America, in Terrr Firma, where there is a convent and chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary, to whofe image the Spaniards in thofe parts go in pilgrimage, efpecially thofe who have tieen at fea. It is feated on a high moun- tain, 50 miles E. of Carthagena. Lon. 76. o. W. lat. 10. 15 N. PoPAYAN, a province of S.America, in the kingdom of New-Granada, between the audience of Panama, that of Quito, and the S. Sea ; 400 miUs in length, and 30c in breadth. A chain of bantn mountains runs through the country from N. to S. and near the fea the foil is fo foaked with almof) continual rains, that few care to relide there, except^or the fake of the gold that is met with in great plenty in the fands of the rivulets. I'his bewitching metal biings many in fearch of ir, though it is a great doubt whether they ever return ba k alive At not. For this reafon the favage Ameri- cans aie ftill maAeis of a ^reat part of it, and continually annoy the Spaniards. Pop A VAN, the capital town of a province of that name in S. America, with a bifliop's fee, a Spanifh governor, and where the courts of juHice are held. The inhabitants are atmoft all Creoles. It is 220 miles N. E, of Quito. Lon. 73. 5. W. lat. z. 25. N. Pop k, the territories of the, in Italy. It is commonly CAllad the territory of the Church, and depends upon the holy fee, tlie pope being lord both in fpirituals and temporals. It is about 4'o miles in length, on (hccoaft 'Of the Adriatic Sea, from the kingdom of v.'jilaples to the territory of Venice. It is -more narrow from N. to S. being not above So miles In breadth from the gulph of Ve- ' nice to theTufcan Sea. The fubje^tx of the 'popr luv* the fame manners, good or bad, ! cardinals have been only in pofTeiTion of this - , -* tjw ■ %-».:,? * ,» - ^ ,i'« ^.^k^i... • ^' ■«- ' • " . i^^* -^ - vr - nigii POP at the reft of the Italians ; but, ai tlie popo l\iles himfelf the vicar of Chrift, 6ti9 wonfd imagine his fubjeAs (hould be the happieft people in the world ; however, the cafe t« dircAly contrary j for the government is fo abfolute, and fo fevere, that, after they have paid all their taxes, they have hardly fufficient left to live upon. Moft travellers have taken notice of the great poverty of the pope's fubjedls, which fufficiently fliewa what fort of a mafter they are under. Tht pope engrofTes all the corn in the oountry, paying only ha^ the value of it ; but when it is fold to the poor people, an extravagant price is always required. Even the bakers are obliged to buy their corn out of the pope's magazines, and have lefs meafura than what it was bought in by. The pope's territories are divided into la provinces, which arefeparated by the Appennine moun- tains, fome being to the E. and fome to the W. of them ; their names are as follows : the Campagna-di>Roma, the provincio del Patrimonio, the duchy of Caftro, the pro« vince of Orvieto, the Perugino, the duchy of Spoleto, the province of Sabina, the marclie of Ancona, the duchy of Urbino, Romagna or Romandiola, the Bolognefe, and the Fcrrarefe. The pope is a fovereign prince, but not content with that, pre- tends to be the vicar of Jefus Chrift upon eaith. His miniflers ot ftate in church aflfairs are 70 cardinals, being the num> ber of the 70 difciples of our Saviour. Thefe cardinals ele£l the pope, which elec- tion is detei mined by the plurality of voices^ but then I e that is chofen muft have two thirds of the votes, for fear of a fchifm. The ChriHian princes fliould give no direc- tions to the cardinals in this-cafe, and yet the crowned heads pretend to have an exclu- five voice} that is to fay, the cArdinals ou«;ht not to eiefl one whom they declare againft. Formerly when the pope died, the cardinals were liable to be follicited ro follow the views of particular perfons, which caufed the t legion to be put off for a long time J but they have now remedied this in- convenience, and have built a palace for thai purpofe, called the Comlave. There- fore, as foon as the pope is dead, the car- dinals are cb)ip,ed to repair thiiher imme- diately, and to continue (hut up tiM they have chofen another. Tlon, Madrid, War- faw, SwifTerland, Venice, Bruflcis, and Co- logne} and thefe nuncios are cardinals. They have the title of Legates a Latere. The title given to the pope is His Holinefs. and the cardinals have that of Eminence. The datarie's office is the chancellory of the pope, and the decrees iffued from thence are called apoftolic briefs. All the eculefi- aflics, and all the religious orders who pro- fefs the Roman catholic religion, are under the pope ; and every one of thefe orders has its general at Rome, by whom the pope is acquainted with every thing that paifes in the world. As there is fcarce a religious houfe that has not a greater revenue than they fpend, and as they are all defuous of fupporting the pope's authority, we may readily judge that be never wants money. It has been computed, that the common re- venue which the pope receives amounts to above tsventy millions fterling. However, it is difficult to know what he receives be- sides this, from the benefices which he con- fers, the dignities to which he nominatas, the firft fruits, the difpenfations, the indul- gences, the beatifications, and many other things of this kind. There was a time when his holinefs had an army of 10,000 men on foot, and there is a little doobt 10 be made, that in cafe of neceffity he could raife three times as many. Healfofitsour, from time to time, a few galleys againft the Turks. However, at prefent his forces are far from being formidable, either by fea or land. About 600 years ago the pope could raife an army of 100,000 men, under pre- tence of a war in the Holy Land, but in this enlightened age he would find few willing to engagein fuch an expedition. The pope has a particular governor of Rome, which is one of the higheft and moft gainful offices in his difpofal. The Roman-catholic reli- gion is the only one allowed throughout the pope's dominions, and yet there are about 10,000 Jews fettled at Rome, who are ob- liged to go every Sunday to hear a fernooo on the controverted points ; but it does not appear that they make many converts. The inquifition at Rome is called the Holy Of- 6 ries. Among the dififerent congregations compofed of cardinals, one of the ptincipal is that of De propaganda fide, which has been eflablifhed to bring about the conver- fion of pagans and heretics. It has a printing- houfe belonging tn it, where books are printed in all languages, and it has alfo a fchool, where miffionaries are brought up, and fent into all parts of the world. The pope's guards confift of Swifs, who are all tall and robud. The foldiers who patrol* through the city every night are called Bar- ries, and the chie'f Barrigcllo. The pope's lelations are called his nephews, and the cudom of enriching them is cal'cd Nepo« tifm. PoPER iNcuEM, a town of the Auftriatt Netherlands, in Flanders, which is quite open, and is feated on a river of the fame name, 5 miles W. of Ypres. Lon. », 40, E. lat. 50. 54. N. Popo, a territory of Africa, en the Slave- coaft ofGuinea, It is called a kingdom, bat the inhabitants have fcarce any houfes to dwell in, befides the king's village, which is in an ifland in the midft of a, river. They are fo harrafled by their neighboars, that they cannot cultivate their land in quiet, and therefore they would often be flarved if they did not get provifions from other placet. Their chief trade is in Haves. PoRCA, or PoRCAT, a towH of Afia, III the E. Indies, and on the coaft of Malabar. The greateft part of the inhabitants are idola ers, though the Jefuits have mado fome converts. It belongs to the Dutch, and is zoo miles S. of Calicutt. Lon. 75. 55. E. lat. 9. 15. N, PoRco, a town of S. Ameiica, in Peru, and in the province of LosCharcas, feated a little to the W. of the mines of Potofljt Lon. 52. 35. W. lat. za. o. S. PoRENTRu, a town of Swiflerland, ia Elfgaw, and capital of the territory of the bifhop of Bafle, with a good caftle, where he refides. It has nothing worth taking notice of, except the cathedral and the ca» (lie. The bifhop is a prince of the empire. It is feated on the river Halle, near mounc Jura, 22 miles S. W. of Bafle. Lon. 7, a7, E. lat. 47. 34. N. PoRLocK, a town inSomerfetfhire, with a market on Thurfdiiys, and three fairs, on Thurfday before May xi, Thurfday before OQober 9, and Thurfday before November II, for cattle. It is feated on the fea fhortr, and on Biiftol channel, where it has a good harbour or bay fo called. It is 14 miles ^f, by W. of Dulverton, and 164 W. Of Lon- don. l of Spain, in the bay of Bifcay, feated on a fmall river near the fea, 8 milei N. of Bilbpa. Lon. 3. II. W. lat. 43. a6. N. * PoRTO-G.aoAao, a town of Italy, in the republic of Venice, and in Friuli ; feated on the river Lema, 1 5 miles W. of Marano, and about 3 from the ruins of Concordia, with a bilhop's fee. Porto-Hbrcolb, a fea-port town of Italy, in the duchy of Tufcany, and in the ^ate del Prefidii, with a good caAle, and a harbour almoft filled up, but is defended by two forts* * PoiTo-LoNGONK, > fmall but very ftrong town of Italy, and in the Ifle of El- ba, with a good harbour, and a fortrefs upon a rock, almoft inacceflibte. The king of Naples has a right to put a garrifon therein, though the place belongs to the prince of Piombino. It is feated on the E. end of the ifland, 8 miles S. W. of Piombino. Lon. 10. 40. E. lat. 41. 45. N. > * PoRTO'PaoRO, a fea-port town of Spain, in the Mediterranean Sea, and in the idand of Majorca. Lon. 3. 11. E. lat. 39. «7. N. PoRTO-RlCCA. See JUAN-DE-PUKR- TO-RlCCA. Porto of the idand of Corfica, in the Mediterranean Sea I feated on a bay on the eaftern coaft of fbs iiland, ai^d is ia miles from Bonifacio, P O R and 40 K. of Sardinia. Lon. 9. 30. B. lat. 41. 15. N. PortoVencrio, a town of Italy, oa the coaft of Genoa, at the entrance of tba gulph of Spetia i feated on the fide of « hill, at the top of which there is a fort. It has a good haibour, and is 45 miles S, E. of Genoa. Lon. 10. 35- E.lat. 44. j. N. PoRT-RoYAi, a fea port townof Amc- rica, in the ifland of Jamaica. It was once one of the fineft fea-port towns in Ameri- ca, abounding in riches and trade } but in 1691 it was deftroyed by an earthquake, in 170X by fire, in 171)1 by an inundation of the fea, and in 1744 it fuffered greatly by a hurricane. It is now but a fmall place, and yet it confifts of thfee handfome ftreets^ with feveral crofs lanes, and a fine church. Not many ye£..s ago there was a yard builc here for the king's naval ftores, and for workmen employed about men of war. Ik is built on a fmall neck of land vf hich jets out feveral miles into the fea, and is guard- ed by a very ftrongfort, which has a line of near 100 pieces of cannon, and a garrifon of foldiers. The harbour is one of the beft in the world, and 1000 (hips may ride there- in, fecurefrom every wind that can blow. It is 6 miles £. of Spanifli-town, and as much by water S. E. of Kingfton. Lon. 77. o. W. lat. 17. 30. N. PoRT-RoyAL,an ifland in N. America, on the coaft of S. Carolina, which, with the neighbouring continent forms one of the moft commodious harbours in the Bri- tifli plantations. It is 15 miles in length, and the town on the N. fhore is called Beau- fort. It is about 100 miles S. of Charlesr town. Lon. 80. 10. W. lat. 31. 45. N. PoRT-RovAL, in Nova -Scotia. See Anapolis. Port St. Mary's, a fea-port town of Spain, in the kinfidom of Andalufia. The Englifl) made a defcent here in 170s, with a dcflgn to befiege Cadiz, but they were obliged to reimbatk their troops without doing any thing to the purpofe. It is iq miles N. E. of Cadtc Lon. 4. 30. W. lat. 35. 32. N. PoRTSMopTH,a fea-port town of Haanp* ftiire, with two markets, on Thurfdaya and Satuidays, and one fair, on July 10, for filverfmiths, mercers, cabinet-makers, linen and woollen drapers, millenerg, cut- lers, Ihocmakers, hatters, ready made doaihs, and bedding. It is one of the moft ftcure and capacious harbours in England, being defended by a numerous artillery, botii on the fea and land fide, and has very good fortifications. A grea: part of the royA navy is built here j and heic are fome of the ,. s P O R the flneft docki, yardi, and magaiinei of naval ftorea, in Europ*. It ii feated in the Ifle of Portrea, and Airrounded by the Tea, except on the N. flde, where there ii a ri- ver which rum from one arm of. it to the •ther: It it much reforted to on account of the royal navy, whofe ufual rendezvous il at Spithead, which it oppofite to Portf- month. It it governed by a mayor, ix al- dermen, and burgeflfes, and fends two mem- bera to parliament. It has one church, and two chapels, one in the garrifon, and one in the common, for tl>e ufe of the dock, and others, befidei feveral meeting-houfet of the diflTeoters. The houfes of Portfmouth amount \.o about tooo, and the inhabitants to about iSjOoo. It is lo miles S. E. of Winchefter, and 73 S. W. of London. Lon. I. 6. W. lat. 50. 48. N. Portugal, the moft weftern country of Europe, about 310 miles in length, and 150 in breadth. It is bounded on the W. and S. by the Ocean, and on the E. and N. by Spain. Though Spain and Portugal are in the fame climate, yet the air of the lat- ter is much more tempera:e than that of ihc former, on account of the neighbourliood of the fea. Corn is not very plentiful in this country, becaufe the inhabitants are not much addi£led to husbandry ; for this rea- fon they import Indian corn from Africa, which is made ufe of by the peafants inftead of wheat. There are a great number of barren mountains, and yet they have plenty of olives, vineyards, oranges, and lemons, as alfo ivuts, almonds^ figs, and raifins. They have fome horned cattle, wbofe flefli is generally lean and dry. They alfo make a great deal of fait with the fca-water, ef- pecially in the bay of St. Ubes, from whence a great deal is exported. Their foreign trade confiftt either of the exportation of the produce of their own countiy, or in the merchandize which they receive from their plantations and fettle^ents in various parts of the world, fuch as fugar, tobacco, rum, cotton, indigo, hides, Brazil and other woods for dying, many drugs of different forts, and excellent in their kinds. Befides thefe, they have gold, filver, diamonds, and other precious Aones from America, which bring them in immrnfe riches. The horfet of Portugal were formeily in great cfteem, but now they are fo fond of mules, that if they were to raife an army, they vrould want hotfes. Towards the frontiers of Spain there are mountains in which they formerly got gold and filver, and the river Tagut, or Tajo, was noted for its golden fands J but now the Portuguefe do not think them worth minding. There are alfo mines P o s ef iret), tin, lead, quarries of marble, anil fome piecioui ftones. The principal rivers are, the Tagut, the Duero or Douio, the GUadiana, the Minho, and the Munda or Mondego. Portugal is divided into fix provinces, namely, two in the middle called Eftramadura and Beira} two on the N. which are Entr^Minho-e-Douro, andTra- los-Montes ; alfo two en the S. called Alen- tejo and Algaw. The principal bufinefs of the Portuguefe is trade, and the merchants have all the virtues and all the vices common to people of that profeflion. Learning is upon the decline, and the academies ani) fchools are gone to decay. The military art is almoft forgot, they having enjoyed fo long a peace. The Portuguefe women arc fruitful enough, and if they had not fent fo many colonies abroad, this country would have been full of people. The ladies aro addiAed to gallantry, for which reafon the men are jealous of their wives, and allow them but very little liberty. The govern* ment is monarchical, and there is a great deal of difference between the fovereignty of the king of Potttigal and that of the king of Spain ; for the authority of the pope here it very great. Befides this, the king is al< ways obliged to live in good underdanding with the ftates of the kingdom, which are, the clergy, nobility, and what is called the third ftatc. Likewife the authority of the king is bounded by the fundamental laws of the kingdom, for he cannot raife any more taxes than were fettled in 1674, nor can he appoint a fuccefTor when there is any failure in the royal line. One would think the Portuguefe (hould abound in gold, fil- ver, and jewels, but they are naturally in- dolent, and fo fond of luxury in every fenfe, that iliey fpend all their wealth in the purchafe of foreign merchandifes. No other religion itt allowed here but the Roman ca- tholic, and they have 3 archbifhops, and 10 bifhops, befides a patriarch. They have three fevere inquiiifions, and yet there are a great number of concealed Jews, and even among the grandees of the court. The au- thority of the pope is fo great« that the king cannot confer any benefice without his con- fent. Befides thefe, there are three orders of ecclefiaftical knights, who enjoy great reve- nues, and who would be very formidable, if the king was not grand-mafter. In 15S6 there was a failure in the royal line, and then Philip 11. king of Spain got polTeflTion of the throne } but in 1640 there was a great revolution, and John duke of Braganza ob- tained the crown, whofe defcendents havf enjoyed it ever ^nce, LiA>on is the capital. PosBGA, a very ftrong and confiderable town POT town of Hungary, in ScUvonia, and capital of a county of the fame name. It was taken from the Turks by the ImperialiAa in 1687. The county is included between the livers Save and Drave, havini; the county of Craitz on the W. and Walpon tlie E. The town is feated in a fertile country on the rivers Oriana, 65 miles N. E. of Jaicia, and 108 W. of Belgrade. Lon. 17. 59. E. lat. +5. 36 N. I'osN. See RoLZANO. PosNANiA, or Pose w, ahandfomeand confiderable town of Great Poland, and ca- pital of a palatinate of the fame name, with a j;ood caftle, and a bifhop's fee. The ca- thedral is magnificent, and it is a trading place, feated in a pleufant plain, furrounded wich agreeable hills. It Aands on the river Waria, ^^ miles W. of Gnefna, and 1x7 W. of Warfiw. The palatinate is bounded on the N. by Pomerania } on the E. by Po- mcralla, and the palarinate of Califh ; on the S. by the fame palatinate and Silefia ) and on ihe W. by Siiefia and the Marche of Brandenburg. Post DAM, or Potsdam, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, with a palace belonging to the king oKPruf- fia. it ie feated in an ifland 10 miles in circumference, which is formed by the ri- ver Spree and Havel. The palace is very curious, and finely built upon a delightful fpor, IX miles W. of Berlin. Lon 13. 4.2. E. lat. 5z. 34. N. • Post-Down, a hill in Hampfhire, w-'/h one fair, on July %6, for cheefe, ba- con, and horfes. PoTCNZA, a town of Italy, in the king- djm of Naples, and in the Bafilicata, with a bi.'hop-s fee. It was almoO ruined by an earthquake in 1694. It is feated near the fource of the river Bafiento, 12 miles S. W, of Cirenz.!, and S S. E. of Naples. Lon. 15. 5,-. E. lat, 40. 40. N. PoTosi, a very rich, populous, andconfl- de able town of S. America, in Peru, and in the province of Los Charcas. There is the bsA filvermineln all America, in a moun> tain in form of a fugar loaf. Silver is as common in this place as iron is in Europe ; however, it is almoft exhau(\ed ; at leafi they get but little from it in comparifon of what they did formerly j and the mountain itfelf is faid to be little better than a fhell. The ciuntry about this place is fo naked and barren, that they are obliged to get their proviflons from the neighbouring pro- vinces. Some that have been there lately affirm, that it ftill brings in a great revenue to Spain. It is feated at the bottom of the mountain of Potofi, 300 miles S« E. of P R A Arica. Lon. 64. 15. W. lat. to. 49. S* FoTToK, a town of Bedfordlhire, witfi a market on Saturdays, and four fairs, on the third ThuifJay in January for larga horfes, onTucfday before Eartcr, firllTuef- day in July, and on Tuefday befoie OAober 29, (or cattle in general. It is pleafantly feated in a fandy, gravelly, barren foil, and is watered with a fmall brock, ix miles E> of Bedfoid, and 43 N. by W. of London* Lon. o. 15. W, lat. 52. 6. N. PouLTON, a town of Lancafhire, with a market on Mondays, and three lairs, on February 2, for horned cattle j on May 3, and July 25, for horned cattle and fmall ware; feated on the river Fild, near the Wire, and the market is good for corn and other provifions. It is 18 miles S. W.of Lancafler, and 209 N. N. W. of London. Lon. 3. o. W. lat. 53. 50. N. PnuKSKLuc, atownof Afla, inthcEafii* Indies, and in the kingdom of Siam, 300 miles N. of Siam. Lon. 100. o. £. lat. x%, o. N. • PouRzAiN, a town of France, in Lower Auvergne, and on the frortiera of Bourbonnois ; feated on the river Sioule, 3* miles N. by E. of Clermont, and 190 S. of Paris. Lon. 3. 15. E. lat. 46. 15. N. • Powdkr-Batch, a village in Shrop-* Hiire, with one fair, on September 27, for horned cattle, horfes, and (heep. Prabat, a town of Afta, in the Eaft- Indies, and in the kingdom of Siam, lOO miles N. of Siam. Lon. loi. o. E. lat. 16* o. N. Pr A GIL AS, a town of Italy, In Pied- mont, 7>miles W. of Tuiin } fubjed to the king of Sardinia. The French writers fay it is in Upper Dauphiny, and in the Brian* zonois, and that it was ceded to the king of Sardinia by the treaty of Utrecht. Lon. 7. o. £. Iai.44. «5. N. Prague, a handfome^ large, famous town or city in Germany, and capital of the kingdom of Bohemia. It comprehends three towns, namely, the Old, the New, and the Little Town, and is about 1 5 miles in circumference. It is built upon fevcn moun- tains, from the top of which there is a very fine profpeA, and contains a great number of houfes and inhabitants, infomuch that it can fend 50,000 men into the field, without meddling with artiiicers, or perceive any great lofs of them. There are above ico churches, and as many palaces. The river Moldaw, or MulJaw, runs thro' the town, and fepa rates the Old from the New. There is a handfome bridge over it, built with freeftone, and fupported with iS'arches. It is 1770 feet In length, and 35 in breadth* P p p having- P R A having a ftrong tower at each end, and five Aatues on each fiHe. The Old Town it f««ted near the Muldaw, and i-. very popu- l>ui} the houfet are high, and the Hreetn nirrow. TMere are two larfe AruQures, one of which it the old palace, wheie the ancient kin; • refided. The Ancd ornament of this part ii the univertity, ficquented by a great number of lludcnts. The Jefuita kive a magnificent college here j and it is h;re the Jews refide, where they have nine fynngogues, and confift«;d of co.cco |.er- fans, till they difobliged the king of Piuflla, who drove t.iem all fiom it. Tie New Town rurioundo the Old, and contains fine AiuiQurei, handfome Hardens, :ind large f^reets. In the church cf St. Teter and Paul, there is a large colunin, hr^lcen in three pieces, which they pretend the devil brought from St. Mary's at Rome. The Little Town was built on the fpot where there was a foreO, and theie is a poplar tree yet flanding, which they aOirm has grown there above looo years. The prin- cipal buildings are the Royal CaHle, the Raddiin, and the Straw-houfe : in the firH, the eledor of Bavaria received (he honr>age of the inhabitants as king of Bohemia, in 1741. It cr^ntains a hall, 100 paces long and 40 hroad, without any pillar tn fup- port the roof. The palace called Radfhln is the place where the prince Drahomire was fwallowed up alive in gii. In the Strawbrufc they (hew the place wheie the Swedes entered the city in 1648. It con- taint 5a palacea of the nobility, but many of them have fuffered in the late war. Prague was taken by Aorm in November J741, for the eIe£lor of Bavaria, then em> peror ; but marfhal Belleifle was obliged to leave it in December 1742. In 1744 'he city was bombarded and taken by the king of PruITia, and he made the garrifon of s6,oco men prifooers of war j but he was •Uiged to abandon it the fame year. It wtt befieged again by the king of Prufll.! in I7S7, but to 00 purpofe. Itisy^miles S. E. of Drefden, 158 S. E. of Berlin, anrf «}$ N. E. of Vienna. Lon. 14. 45. e. lat. 50. 6. N. • PxANDNlTz, a town of Germany, in Bohemia, on the frontiers of Silefia, famous for a battle gained here by the king of Pruf- fia on December 30, 1741;. * Pa A TO. a town of Italy, in the duchy of Tufcany, and in Florentir.o, feated on the river Bireniloo, 10 miles F. of Piftoia, and js N. W. ofFloibnce. Lon. ii.35.£. lat 43. H* N. Pbatoliko, a palare of Itfli^ , in fiie iwch) of Tuftany, a iittle to the north of PRE Florence. It was a country feat of the great duke's, and it very richly furnifhed. The gardens are extremely fine and pleafant, and the grottoes very well contrived, as v«:!l as the w.-.!tr wcrkt. Moft tiavellett are of opinion that it it rne of the moft delightful places tn Italy, efpeeially in the fummtr-time. Lon. 11. *^ £. lat.43. S°* N. • P«ATs n?. Mi.ro, a fmall flrong town of France, in Rotiffillcn, feated on the livcr Tec, in the middle of mountains, with a very ftronp c.idle. This lown is built in' the form ol an amphitheatre, and is is miles S. E, of Mcnt-Louts. Lon, i. 35. £. lat. 41. a6. N. • Pp. AY A, a town of Sr. Jago, ere of the Cape de Verd idands, feated on the caflcrn coaft, upon an eminence furrounded with two rivers. Lon. ai. 55. W. lat. 15. 0. N. Precop, a town of Tuiky in Europe, and in Little Taray, feated at tie entrance of an i(\hmus which joins Little Taitaiy to Crim Tartary. It is now gieatly decayed, having been plundered twice by the RofTiana in their late wars with the Tuiks. Lon. 37. 40. E lat. 46. 40. N. • Piircopiy\, a town of Torky in Eu- rope, and in Servia, feated on the rivtr Morave, 20 miles W. of Nifla, and 45 S. E. ofjagodna. Lon. 22. 31. E. lat.43. 20. N. • Premeby, a town of France, in Ni- vernois, in the eltrtion of Nevers, with a chapter and a chatellany. Pai^MisLAw, a large populous town of Red Rufila, in Poland, with a ftiong caAle, and a Greek and a Latin bifnop's fee. It ia feated on the river Sana, 27 miles W. of Lemburg, and iioS. E. of Cracow. Lon. IT. o. E. lat. 49. o. N. Prkmontre, an abbey of France, in Picardy, in the wood of Voy, and territory of Coufy, the chief of the order of that name. • pRENSLox, a town of Germany, in Upper Saxony, and in the marquifate of Brandenbuig. It is the capital of the Uk> raine Marde, and is feated on the lake Ucker, rear the river of the fame name, 50 miles N. of Berny. Pr isBuR n, tie capital of Hungary, with a Arong calUe fe;jted on a hill, where the ctown cf that kingdom is kept. The arch- bifliop of Sriigonia lefixles here, and has veiy handfome gardens belonging to V*i palace. Here the jtfuits I ave part rf a chiirrh, and a fine apothecary's (hop fullof raiui«s: L^it the houres are very mean. , The Lulher.')n^ have aifo a chutch I.ae. It PRE If (txteA on the Danube, in a fine plain, ahounding in wine and cattir, ^^x inil«< £. of Vienna, and 60 S. E. of Znaiin. Lon. 17. '^9. E. lar. 48. II. N. Pm r SCOT, a cown of LancaHiire, with a market on Tucfdays, and two t4irs, on June u, and November i, fjr horned cn- tle, horfes, fmall wares, and toys. It is hut a Imall place, bur the market is pretty good for corn, rattle, and provifions. It i» « miles E. of Liverpool, and 177 N. N. W. of London. Lon. x. 45. W. lat. 5^. 15. N. Prisenzano, a to«^n of Italy, in the kingdom of N.iptes, and in the Tcrra-di- Lavoro, It appears by an infcription that it is the antient Rufx, and its territory has the name of Colta Rufaria. It is zS miles N. of Naples. Lcn. 15. o. E. lat. 41. 12. N. Presidii, a fmall territory of Italy, in Tufciny, and in the Sienefe. The proper name of it is Lo ^tato De^ji Prcfidii ; and includes 6 fortreffeJ, feated on the coaft of Florence, and which tlie kings of Spain re- ferved for themfelves when they csded Si> enna to the grand duke. The fortreH^es were defigned to facilitate the communica- tion between the Milanefe and the king of Naples. The emperor was poflefTed of four, and the Spaniaids of the other two ; but in the war of 1734, '^^ Spaniards got pofTefTion of them all ; and in 1735 ^^^Y were ceded to tlie king of the Two Sicilies by treaty. The names are Orbttello, Tela- mone, Porto Hercole, Porto San-Stephano, Monte Philippo, and Portelongone. pRKsoviA.a town of Little Poland, feated on the river Viftula, 20 miles E. of Cracow. Lon. 20. o. £. lat. 50. 0. N. Prksteign, a town of Radnorfhire, in S. Wales, with a maiket on Saturdays, and two fairs, on June 24, and November 30, for (heep, horned cattle, and horfes. It is feated in a rich and pleafant valley, and is a large, handfome, well-built town, with paved regular ftreets ; and here the afTizes are held, and the county goal is kept. The market is remarkable for barley, of which they make a great deal of malt ; and it has feveral convenient inns. It is 314 miles W. N. W. of Worcefter, and 149 W. N. W. of London. Lon. a. 32. W. lat. 53. 45. N. Prbston, a town in L/mcafhire, with three markets, on Wednefdays, Fridays, and Saturdays, and four fairs, on the firA Saturday after January 6, chiefly for horfes ; March a7, for horfes and horned cattle ; Auguft 15, and September 27, for coarfe cloths and fmall wares. It is feated on the Rortb fide of the river Ribble, over which P R I ' there is a handfome Aonc bridge. It ha' a large market place, and the llrects ar« open, large, and well paved. Here is a court of chancery held, and other otiices of juf- tice for the county palatine of Lancaner. It has fweral alms-lioufes, ii a corporation, and frnds two members toparhament. Th« markets on Wednefdays and Fridays are for pruviiions, and that on Saturdays for corp, cattle, linen- cloth, and other commodities* It is 21 miles S. of Lan.a(\er, and 21a N. N. W. of London. It is noted for the dc- ftat of the rebels here by the king's forces in 17 15, when they were all made prifon- ers, and brought up to London. Lon. a. 26, \V. lat. 53. 45, N. Pres >N. a villaj^e in Kent, with one fair, on May 23, for pedlars ware. Prc3ton-Pans is a village fo called, 8 miles W. of Edinburgh, in Scotland, It it noted for the defeat oi general Cope by the rebels, on Sept. 21, 1745. Lon. i. 42. W. lat. 4s. 57- N. • Prbstonlonc, a village in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire, 3 miles S. E. of Set- tle, wi:h two fairs^ on February i3, and September 3, for horned cattle. Prkvesa, an ancient fea-port town of Albania, feated on the gulph ofLarta, with a bifhop's fee. It Aands on the ruins of the ancient Nicopolis, built by the emperor Auguftus, to preferve the memory of his viAory over Mark Antony. It belongs to the Venetians, and was taken by them in 1684. It is feated on a mountain, 70 miles N. W. of Lepanto, and 103 W. by S.ofLa- rifl*a. Lon, ii. 7. £. lat. 39. 16. N. * Prku ILLY, a town of France, in Tou« raine, and in the election of Loches, with the title of a barony, and a BenediAine ab« bey. It is feated on tlie river Claife, and near it there are mines of iron. Priaman, a fea-port town of Afia, in the ifland of Sumatra, where the Dutch have a factory. Lon. 98. o. £. lat. i. o. S. * Pripdle, a village in Somerfetfhire, with one fair, on Auguft 10, for horfet* oxen, and fheep< • Priist, St. a townofFrance, in Fo- rez, and in the eleAion of St. Etienne, with th^ title of a barony. PRINCEGEOXCiandPalKCECHARtZS, two counties of N. America, in Virginia lying to theN. of James's river. Princess Aune, a county of N. Ame- rica, in Virginia, l^ing to the S. of James** river. PRiNca't Island, a fmall ifland on the W. coafl of Afrisa, 2^0 miles S. W. of Lor ango. Lon. 9. o< £. lat. x. o. N. P11NC1FAT0, the name of a province Ppp» .- .. ot PRO of Italy, In the kingdom of N«ples whic'' \i divided into two part*. csHcd by ihe I'a- liani the I'lincipato Ultra, and lh« Princi- pato Citra, that it the Hither and Further Principato. The Hither Principato i« bound- ed on the N. by the Further I'rincipato. and part of the Terra di-Lavoro) on the W. and S. by the Tufcan Sea ; and on the E. by the iiaftlicata. It is about 6u miles in length, and 30 in breadth, and the foil lertil* in wine, corn, oil, nr^d f.i for horfes, fheep, cloth, and a few hops. PaociTA, aniflandof Italy, in tlie gulph of Naples, near that of Ifcliia. It is about 8 miles in circumference, and is very fertile and populdus. The capital town, which is of the fame name, is a fmall handfome place, pretty well fortified, and built on a high craggy rock, by the fea fide. Lon. 13. • 58 E. lat. 40. 50. N. PaoM, a town of Afia, in the Eaft In- dies, and in the kingdom of Ava, feated on the river Menan, «oo miles N. W. of Pegu. Lon. 94. o. E. lat. 19. o. N. PaopoNTis. See Marmora. PiOTENCE, a province in the S. part of Fance, bounded on the N. by Dauphiny ; on the S. by the Mediterranean Sea j on the i'j- P R U W. by the river Rhone, whicli fcparatet '* from Languedoc j and on the E. by tli'-" Alps, and the river Yar, which feparaies 1^ from the dominions of the king of Sardmu' It is 1 38 miles in length, and 100 in breadth. The air it very different j for near the Alps and Dauphmy it it cold, on the fea coail hot, 8 ; w'.ich bring in great fums of money. To Spain they fend linen of all kinds, brocadid and other filks, box-combs, hardware, cam- blc's, woolen fluffs, arid many other com- modities. They have alfo a very great trade withTurky, whither they carry their own manufactures, as well as thofe of other countries. Providence, a plantation or colony nf New England, which, with Rhode Ifland, confiitutes a charter government, indepen- dent of any other part of New England. It is inhabited chiefly by quakers, with fome few of the church of England j and though fmall, is in a flourifhing condition. Lon. 70. 30. W. lat. 41. 30. N. PaoviDXNcg, aaiflandof the American ocean, and one of the leafl of the Bahamas, but the beft of thofe that are planted and fortified by the Englifh. It belongs to the crown, and is a tlation for cruizett { feated on the E. fide of the gulph of Florida, 200 miles E. of the continent of that name. Lon. 77. 35. W lat. 25. o. N. Providence, a fmall iflandin the Ame« rican ocean, which the EngliOi Buccaneers formerly fortified, and defended againft t^e Spanifh guarda coftasj but they afterwards abandoned it. Lon. 81. 30. W. lat. 12- 4S> N. It is about 150 miles E. of Nicaragua and the Mofkito country. Proving, a town of France, in Brie Champenoife, feated on the rivers Morin and Vauzie, 30 miles S. £. of Maux, ^nd 47 S. £. of Paris, Lon. 3. 22. E. lat. 48. 34 N. Pr dck, a towo of Germany, in Aufiria, and P R U ' •nrl on tlie confines of Hungary, frnteA on ' the river Leita, ai milci S. W. of Prclbuiif, anH ax S. E. of Vienna. Lon, 17. 5. E.lat. 48. vN. I'ruck, « town of Oprmanv, in Sryria, featcH on the river Muer, 60 miles S. VV. ol Vienna. Lon. 16. 15. E. Ut, 47. 18. N. Prusa. See Bursa. Pkuisia, ik \n\f,e country of Europe, bounded on the N. by the lialtic Sea ; on the E. by Lithu.inia ant .Sinio^itia; on the S. by I'oland ; and on the W. hy Bran- denburg, Pomcrania, and C^tiFubia ; about 500 miles in length, and ico in breadth where it isi narrowed. It Is a very fertile country, and produces a pi cat deal of flax, hemp, and corn. There are .1 great nut^ ber of domeHic animals, belides gimc, which is very c .mmon ; an.1 the fca, rivers, and la!, in iho E. InHian Sea, lying 10 tli" W. of tlie l'hiln>- ptnrj. It is very f.ri/lL', .in.1 fubjjwl to its own king, who t* tnliutAiy to iluc of Bc>rnco. Lon 119. i>, K. lat 9. 30. N. • I'ulo-Cantun, an ilhml oi A(!», in tde E. Indian Sc4, and on the co.i!t of Co- chin-China. Lon. IC9. 15. L'. hi. ij. 10. N. • PcLoCoNDop, t'e nsiti'? of fcveral iflsnda of Alia, inline K. I'.Hi.m Sea, tfie piincipal of wlii li i.s tin- inl/ one ii^lubittd. It is about 13 nnies in l<.-i>gtli, and 9 in breadtli, but in fr.iin! |;l.ices not above a mile over. The foil oi thcfc: iflandi is P W L Lon. ti. 47. E. lat. 51. 3$. K. PuLTowAV, or I'uiTAVA, a fotflfied town of Poland, in the Ukiain, fsninus lor a b.mle fouj^ht lieiwcrn the ciir Peter iLe Gieat, and Chafl'.s XII. kin^ of Sweder, wkeiein ihe latter was dcteitcd, liimrelf wounded, and ohiified to lly into Turky, 8000 ma genefal of the Cof- fjtks, who had rtttred there lor refuge. It ii ion miles 8. W. of Uelgoiod. Lon. 36. 35. E. lat. 49. a. N. P V N A , an ill ird in the S. Sea, about 3 ; miles in length, and la in breadth. It lies blacking and pi.tty deej>, but the liilli> are at the entrance of the bay of Guiaquil, lao fomewhit ftonev. The tiecs are not very thick, but large, ta!l, and tit for any ufe. The principal fruits are mangoes, a fort of {i^pes, and hazard nutmegs. The animals are hogs, lizards, and guanoes, and theie are birds of various kinds, n;;t known in other parts. The inhabitants are fmall of miles N. of Patay. Lon. 100. 5- W. lat. 3..S..S. * PfNTA-DiL-GupA, the capital town of the ifland of St. Michael, one of the Azores, with a firong caflle, and a harbour. Pur BiCK Island, il a S. E. part of Dor- fctfhiie. There are feveral towns in it. Aatore, of a dark complexion, wit!) fmall Ithe principal of which ii Corf-caf\le, al- Mack eyes, thin lip», white (e:th, little i ready taken notice of in its proper place. mouths, and black, Aijight liair. Their chief I PuaaYSBunc, a town of Georgia, in employment is to get tar out of very large 1 N. Ameiica, built and peopled by a colony treei that grow here. They are very free of Swifs carried over at the charge of the of their women, and w:ll bring them on jtruflees of Georgia. It is feated on theri* board the fhips, where they are kept by the I ver Savannah, and is 10 miles W. of the failors while they Aay. They ate idolaters, I town of Savannah. Lon. 81. 0. W. lat. but of what kin! is not knoA/n ; however, ■ 31. 45. N, they have images of elephants in their iem> * Pl' y-Cbr n a, a Aroni; and confiderable pies, as well aii lioifcs. Lon. 107. 40. £. .town of Spain, in Catalonia, and capital lat. S. 36. N. of Cerdagne; feated between the rivers * PcLO-DiNPiNc, a fmall iHand of | Carol and Segra, in a pleafant plain, at the Afki, in tlie £. Indian Sea, near the contt' nent of Malacca, wliioh belongs to the Dutch, and where they have a fort. • PuLo-TiMON, an ifland of Afia, in the E. Indian Sea, on the eaftern coafl of the peninfula of Malacca. It is pretty hrge, covered with trees, and the v:»lley» very plea- fant. It is often touched at for taking wood, water, and other ref.efhrnents, and there is great plenty ofgieen turtles. Lon. 105. 4c. E. lat. 3. II. N. • Pulo-Way, an idind of Afia, in the E. Indian Sea, near tliat of Sumatra. It is thelari;eftof all thofa that form tlie entrance of the chrinnel of Ac'iem, and peopled by men banilherf fiom Achem. Ljn. 95. 55. E. tat. 5. 40. N. • Pwi. TAusK, a town of Great Poland, in the palatinate of M;>7ovia, feated on the river N'areu, a6 miles N. E. of Warfaw Jareu, 20 ^^jt^ai^ 1 foot of the m^ountains, 53 miles W. of Per- pignan, and 75 N. W. of Barcelona. Lon. I. 51. E. lat. 41. 35. N. • Puv-en-Anjou, a town of France, in Anjnu, on the confines of Poitou, 10 miles S W. of Saumur, and 160 S. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 13. W. lat. 47. 6. N. Puy-Laurkmi, a town of France, in Upper Languedoc, and in Lauragais, with the title of a duchy ; and had a Proteftant academy before the revocation of the ediA of Nantes. It is 8 miles S. E. of CaAres, and 23 E. of Touloufu. Lon. a. 7. £. lat. 43. • Puv - i.'EvEQjui, a fmall town of France, in Quercy, and in the ele^ion of Cahors. Lon. i. 19. E. lat. 44. 35. N. • Pwi. i.HELLY, a town of Carnarvon- fhire, in N. Wales, with 4 fairs, on May [3, Auguft 19, September 14, and Novem- ber P Y R b«r II, all Tor c«t(l«. It ii ftftted on the r times made ufe of as a prifon of flate. Near it is a very fine quarry of flone, which is tranfported to different places by means of the river Elbe, on whic!) it is feated, 10 miles S. E. of Drefden. Lon. 10. 58. E. lat. 58. 5. N. * PvsECK, a town of the kingdom o( Bohemia, in the circle of Prachin, feated on the river Attoway, near the Muidaw. It was taken by the ImperialiHsin 1619, and is S4 miles .S. of Prague, lat, 49. 14. N. Lon. 14. 43> E. Q. I Q^U A- • #^Ua DIN, i town in Upper Egtypt, feat- ^*4i^ ed on the weftern banks of the Nile, between Efltney and Dander. It is lemark- ible for a great number of valuable and an- cisot monuments. QUAKKNBRUCGX, nrQaAKENRURC, 3 town of Germany, in the circle of Wef^p'ia- lia, and in the bi(hopri,:k of Ofnabrug, fub- }t& to the houfe of Brunfwick. It is feaed on the river Hafe, 20 miles S. W. of Ofna • brug, and 35 S. W. of Bremen. Lon. 8. o. E. Iat» 5*. 45. N. QuANQsf, a province of China, bounded oatheN. by Koe-Tcheau and Hu-Quang ; on the E. by Yunan and Quantong ; on the S. by the fame and Ton-quin ; and on the W. by Yun-nan. It produces creat plenty of rice, being wateted by feveral large ri- vers. The fouthern part is a fiat country, and weH cultivated ; bur the northern is full of mountains covered with trees. It con- tains mines of all forts ; and there is a gold- mine lately opened. They have a particu- lar tree of whofe pith they make bread ; and there are little infects which produce white wax. Among other animals there are porcupines and rhinocerofes. The ca- piui town is Quieling. QuAKe-ToNc, a province of China, bounded onthe E. by Kiang-Si, and Fokien ; oa t.he S. by the Ocean ; and on the W. by Ton-qu:n. This province is diver fified by valleys and mountains ; and yields two crops of corn in a year. It abounds in gold, jew?ls, fiik, pearls, tin, quick-filver, fugar, brafs, iron, rteel, falt-petre, ebony, and feveral forts of odoriferous wood ; be fides fruits of all forts, proper to t!ie climate. They have lemons of the fize of a man'* head j and another fort which grows out at the trunk of the tree, whofe rind is very hard, and contains a great number of little cells full of an excellent yellow pulp. They have a prodigious number of ducks, whofe eggs they hatch in ovens ; and a remarkable tree, whofe wood is remarkably hard and heavy, and thence called iron-wood. The mountains are covered with a fort of ofiers which creep along the ground, and are fo tough that ihey make balkets, ""urdles, matts, and topes of ihem. Canton is the capital town. • QuAKTEN, a town of SwifTerland, vith a bailiwick near the lake Vallenftadt, 5 miles E. of Claris. This bailiwick, which is not very Iar|s;e, is common to the cantons aU E of Claris and Switz. Quebec, a hand fome and lai^ge town of America, and capital of Canada. The firft place taken notice of upon landing here, is a fquare of an irregular figure, with well- built houfes on each fide ; on the back of which is a rock; on the left it is bounded by a fmall church, and on the right are two rows of houfes, parallel to each other. Thei'e is another between the church and the harbour ; as alfo another long row on the fide of the bay. This may be looked upon as a kind of a fuburb, and between this and the great ftreet is a very fieep afcenr, in which they have made fteps for the foot paf- fengers to go up. This may be called the Upper Town, wherein is the biftiop's pa- lace ; and between two large fquares is a fort where the governor lodges. The Re- colets have handfome houfes over-againft it, and on the ri^ht is the cathedral church : over-againft this is the Jefuits college, and between them are well-built houfes ; from the fort runs two ftreets, which are crofTed by a third, and between ihefe is a church and a convent. In the fecond fquare are two defcents to the river of St. Charles, The Hotel Dieu is in the midway, aiid from thence are fmall houfes, which reach to the houfe of the intendant. On the other fide of the Jefuits college, where the church Aands, is a p.etty long Areet in which is a nunnery. Almoft all the houfes are builc of ftone, and there are about 7000 inhabi- tants ; the fort is a handfome building, but not quite finifhed. Quebec is not regularly fortified} but cannot eafily be taken, for the harbour is flanked with two baftions, which at high tides, are almoft level with the water. A little above one of the bafiions is a demi-baHion, partly taken out of the rock, and above it, on the fide of the gallery of the fort, is a battery of a j pieces of cannon : Aill above this is 3 fquare fort, called the ci* tadel, and the ways from one fortification to another, are difficult to pafs. To the left of the harbour, on the fide of the road, there are large batteries of cannon, and fome mortars ; befides thefe, there are feveral other fortifications, not very eafy to be de« fcribed. In 171 r, the Englifh fitted out a fleet, with a derit>n to conquer Canada, which failed on account of the rafhnefs of ;he admiral, who, contrary to the advice of his pilot, when too near the Seven ines, and fo loft his largeft fiiips, and 3000 of his bed foidiers. It is about 300 miles N. W, of Dofton, in New- England. On Oftober i8> 1759, it was taken by the Englifii, undef the command of general Wolfe, who loft his life in the battle, after he bad tlie fatis- faction faSton to kr Admiral Sau men of war, ducingthis the navy, bi fion, not ex the tranfpor acquifition, rifdiiSion o and was gi treaty of pe; lat. 46- 55- QUBDA, rinfula beyc ftraitof Mai Siam. Thr name, and habitants j has a harbo Jacoa. Loi QOEDL! in the circl confines of afamouj a of the cmi the diets. and ten fo town live I ing ofcatt •ftad£, and 1 E. lat. 51. Queen the iflc of tinued, an 5, for toy< two memb efi by a n fmall char about lOi above twi wide Arct tants. 1 ■ftron? '*a to bi fee the chief oyl\er-dri plenty, i miles W. don. L QiriE ihire, wi foits of ( QuEi 30 mile boundec theE [ and on It is ful place ii houfes, and fei tLU E Q^U I faiiioil to know our troops were vi£Vorious. Admiral Saunders commanded a fquadronof men of war, and did immenfefervije in re- ducinc; this place ; the«e being not a man in the navy, but what vvas active en this occa- fjon, not excepting the Tailors belonging te the tranfport vefleh. AlVer this valuable acquifition, all Canada camR under thu* ju- rifdii^ion of the crown cf Great Britain } and was given up by the Frtnch by the treaty of peace in i 76 3. Lon. 69. 48. W. ]at. 4.6. 55. N. QuBDA, a kingdom of Afia, in the Pe- ninfula beyond tlie Gjin^es, and near the Arait of Malacca. The king is tributary to Siam, The principal town is of 'he fame name^ and fasd to contain about 8000 in- habitants J and ib fubjeft to the Dutch. It lias a harbour, and is 'joc miles N. ot Ma> Jacca. Lon. 99. 15. E, iat. 6. 25. N. QuEDLiNfiB uRc, a tjwn of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and on the contines of the duchy of Brunfvi'ick ; with a famou j abbey, whofe abbefs is a princefs of the empire, and who fends deputies to the diets. Her contingent is one horfeman, and ten footmen ; the inhabitants of the town live by brewioi;. hnfl)andiy, and feed- ing of cattle. It is TO miles S. ofHalber- itadt, and 31 W. of Bernberg. Lon. 11. 31. £. lat. 51. 5S. NT. QuEENBORou GH, » towH of Kent, in the idc of Sheppy, whofe market is difcon- tinued, and it h \s bat one fair, on Auguit 5, for toys. It IS an ancient place, fends two members to parliament, and is govern- ed by a mayor, and 4 jurats. It lias one fmall churcfj bnik with ftone and bricks, and about 100 low bri.k houfes ; few being above twoflories high. It conlitls of one wide ftreet paved, and about 350 inhabi- tants. It has a town- hall, anain3 of hi^h mountains called Cordilleta- rich ant*, warli^te. imagined this is a very hot country, but it lies fo high, and fo near the mountains co* vered with fnow, thatthe air is very tempe- rate. There are no noxious animals, for the the tygers and ferpents are below in the fo- refts. They might have plenty of wine here, if Lima had not an exclufive ptivilege of making it themfelves. They have no vicunas or guanacoes here, but they have an animal of the fame kind, called by the na- tives lamas, which is like a fmall camel, and can cairy 50 pounds weight. They have all forts of materials proper for dy- ing; and feveral forts of fruits and plan's which have been brought from Spain, bc- fiHcs thofe that naturally grow here. They have alfo imported beeves and (heep. In the N. parts they get a great deal of golf^. It is >:ommorily reckoned 400 miles in length, and 2CO in breadth, but this account is not very exaA. Quixo«, a province of S. America, in Peru, which makes part of the audienie of • Qi'iztNA, a chain of mountains of .Afii- ca, in the kingdom o< Fez, and in the piovir.'* cf Caret. It i$ al/ove 100 miles in icnt^i'i, and rea.hes from the defct cf Ga-et to 1' •^ river Nocor ; the inLabitafts are (aid to It • QuojA, C jaft of Guin L-one to the lides Proper < <^,i!n, QnilUg: countries are RAAB, a pital of fliop's fee. ajaintt theTi oVer a double towards Alb round is ph fjems to com diftance, wh blown up. witli the lofa pr\zcd foon a zll the Turk! feated at the and Kabnitz, n.ilcs W. of Lon. 18. 5. • Rabas France, in U| tefe of Alb gone to ruin. 15 miles fro 43. 50. N. Rabat, town of All in the provi taflle and a and handfor mouih of th mid-way be 6. 5. W. la Racker ihe circle ol It is a tlron cadle featec were beatei an ifland f miles S. E. Lou. 16. 5 * Rack two fairs, horned cati Racli the Archip * Raco Piedmont ; the road fi vers Gran piince of taftie here ^"J^j RAG * (^Ji^jA, a kingdom of Africa, on the tiifi of Guinea, which reaches from Siena Lone to the Grain coaft, and contains, be- tides Proper Qooja, the kingdoms of Bolm, C^filn, Qailliga, and Caredabu ; but all tliefe countries are very little known. R. » .J, - •■ n AAB, a town of Lower Hungary, ca- •* pital of J.iverin, with a caltle and a bi- fliop's fee. I- is a flrong frontier bulwark ajainrt the Turki, and has two bridges, one oVer a double ditch, and another that leads towards Alba Regalis. All the country round is plain, and there is nothing that fiems to command it but a fmail hill at fome diftance, which is undermined and may be blown Up. It was taken by Amurath III. with the lof;> of 20,000 men ; but was fur- pnzcd foon after by count Palfi, who killed 2!! tire Turks that were found therein. It is feated at the confluence of the rivers Rab and Rabnitz, not far from the Danube, 32 niilcs W. of Gran, and 55 S. E. of Vienna. Lon. 18. 5. E. lat. 47. 45. N. * Rabasteens, an ancient town of France, in Upper Languedoc, and in the dio- tefe of Alby, with an old caftle, almoft gone to ruin, It is feated on the river Tarn, 15 miles from Alby. Lon. i. 47. E. lat. 43. 50. N. Rabat, a large and handfome fea-port town of Alrica, in the kingdom of Fez, and in the province of Tremecen, with a good caflle and a harbour. It has fine mofques and handfome pala:e$, and is feated at the mouth of the river Burrigrig, almoft in the mid-way between Fez and Tangier. Lan. 6, 5. W. lat. 30. 40. N. Rackersburg, a town of Germany, in she circle of Auftria, and duchy of Styria. It is a throng, ancient place, and near it is a caftle feated on a mountain. The Turks were beaten here in 1418. It is feated on an ifland formed by the river Muer, 31 miles S. E, of Gi atz, and 100 S> of Vienna. Loi). 16. 53. E. lat. 46. 54. N. * Rackham, a village in SufTex, with two fairs, on May »o, and October 13, for horned cattle and horfes. Rag LI A, a fmall, uninhabited illand of the Archipelago, near th3t of Nio. * Raconi, a populous town of Italy, in Piedmont J feated in a pleafant plain, on the road from Savillan to Turin, on the ri- Vers Grana and Macra. It belongs to the pdnce of Carignan, who has a handfome taftie here. It is 5 ntiles from SavilUn, ft A G and ] from Carignan. Lon. 7. 40. C. la 44- 36- N. Radicofani, a town of Italy, in th« duchy of Tufcany, near the frontiers of the Siennefe j feated on a mountain, and defended by a good citadel on an adjacent hill, 40 miles S. of Sienna. Lon. 12. 40. E. lat. 41. 50. N. • Radmansdort, a town of Germany, in Upper Carniola, near tlic livcr Save. Radnor, a town of S. Wales, and ca- pital of RadnoiflVire, with a market on Thuffiiays, and one fair, on Oftober 29, for fheep, homed entile, and horfes. It it feated near the fpring-hcad of the river So- niergil, in a pleafant valley, at the foot of a hill, where a caftle formerly itood. It is a corporation, has large privileges, and fenda one member to parliament. It is 2 3 miles N. W. of Hereford, and 149 W. N. W. of London. Lon, 3. 6. W. lat. 52. zo. N. •Radnorshire, a county of S. Wslci^ 30 miles in length, and 25 in breadth; bounded on the E. by Heiefoidfhire ; on the W. by Cardiganlhite j on thr S. by Brecknocklhite ; and on the N. by Mont?o- meryftiirc. It contains 3160 houfes, 18,960 inhabitants, 52 parishes, 4 market-towns, and fends two members to patliament. Ic is not a very fruitful country, being full o£ mountains, which renders the air very cold. It has feveral rivers, of which the Wye, the Terne, the Laig^ and the Arrow, are the chief, Radom, a town of Little Poland, in the palatinate of Sandomer, and capital of a county of the fame name ; feated on a brook that falls into the Viftula, 50 miles N. of Sandomer, and 50 S. of Warfaw. Loo. 21. 35. E. lat. 51. 15. N. • Radstay, a town of Germany, in the archbilhoprick of Saltzburg, feated on the river EIns. • Ragivolo, a town of Italy, in Lom- bardy, and in the duchy of Mantua, feated between the cities of Mantua and Reggio^ 42 miles from each. Rag us A, an ancient town of Sicily, in the Val-di-Noto, near the river Maulo, ij miles N. of Modica. Lon. 14. 51. £. lat. 37. 8. N. Rag USA, a city of Dalmatia, and capt« tal of Ragufan. Ic is about x miles in cir- cumference, is pretty well btiilt, and ftrong by fituation, having an inacceHTible moun« tain on the land>fide, and on the fide of tha fea a flrcng foit. It has an archbifliop's fee and a republic, and has a doge like that of Venice, but he continues a month only in his office. It carries on a conliderable trade with the Turks, and is 60 miles N. Q^qq » W. of mi RAM RAM W. of Scutari, and i to N. of Brindifi; L^n. jthe tafl Indies, and towards the S. end of l8. 45. E. lat. 42. 30. N. the peninfula on ihis fide llic Ganges. It •R'^ousAN, a territory of Europe, in 'lies near the country of Maravas, and is Dalnnatia, lying along the coaft of the gulpli 'about 13 miles in circumference j is very of Venicf, about ^5 niiles in length, and Ifandy, and has only a few villages in it. ao in breadth. It is a republic under the protedtirn of the Turki and of the Vene- tians. Ragufa is the capital town. Rajah MAI., a town of Afia, in the E. Indies, and in the kingdom of Bengal. 'Ic was formerly a place of great ira<'e, carried on by the river Ganges, but it is now re- moved from thence. Jt is 100 miles N. of Hu^hly. Lon. 86. 40. E. lat. 13. «o. N. Ra j.APORE a town of Afia, in the Eaft Indies, and in the pcninfulaon this fide ihe Ganges, en tlie coaft of Malabar, and feat- td on a river of the fame name, 50 miles N ofGoa. Lon. 73. 4c. E. lat. 17. o. N. R.'viN, a town of Germany, in Upper Bavaria, fcated on the tivtr Acha, near the tech, 5 miles E of Donawtrr, and 8 W. of Luburg. Lon. 10. 40. E. lat. 48. 44. N. There is anoihtr town of the fame name in Lower Sty: ia, featedon the river Save, with a handfonie callle, on the confines of Car- niota. Lon. 18. 20. E, lat. 46. 14. N. Rakka, a town of Afia, and in the dn- mir.ions of the Grand Seignior j feaied on tlie river Euphrates, in the ancient Mefo- potamia, and is the refidence of a begler- beg ; but the caftle U going to decay. This is but an indifferent place, though lately built ; but old Rakka, whofe ruins appear near if, was very magnificent. It is tig miles 5. W. of Diarbeck. Lon. 39. 55. £. lat. 35. 54. N. Rakonick, a town of Germany, and capital of a circle of the fame name, in the kingdom of Bohemia ; feated on a river which falls into the Miza, 30 miles W. of Pra:.;ue, and 65 N. E. of Egra. Lon. 13. 57. E. lat. 52. 6. N. * Rama, an ancient town of Afia, in Paledlne, now called Ramula by the Moors. It is feated in a plain, on a rifing-ground ; the (Ireets are narrow and the houfes con- temptible, though built of free ftone. How. ever, there are many fine ruins of Chridian churches and other buildings, which fhew\ what it has been formerly. It is 8 miles from Jaffa, and lo from Jerufalem. Lon. 34. 55- E. lat. 3a. o. N. Ram A DA, a fea-port town of S. Ame- rica, in the new kingdom of Granada, and in the government of St. Martha, near which is a rich copper-mine. It is feated at the foot of the fnowy mountains, 100 miles £. of St. Martha, Lon. 68.40. W. lat. 11. 10. N. * Ramanamcor, an ifiand of Afia, in and a temple. Lon. 79. 45. E. lat. 9. ae, N. • RAMBFRT-L«-JooG,a tflwn ofFrancc, in Burgundy, with a Benediftine abbey. It is ftate-'. near a branch of Mount Jura. Lon. 5. 28. E. lat. 35, S3.N. Rambervilliers, a town of Lorrain, and capital of Chatellany, feated on the ri- ver Agne, 30 mites S. E. of Nanci, and iz S.of Marfal. Lon. 6. 44. £. lat. 48. :i. N. • RAMBou!tL«T, a town of France, in the Ifle of France, and in Hurepoix, 25 miles from Paris, with a fuperb callle, and the title ot a duchy. Ramekins, a fortrefs of the United Pro- vinces, in Zealand, which was one of thofe put into the hands of the Enelifh by the Dutch, as a fecurity for their fidelity, in the reign of queen Elizabeth. It is feated on the S. coad of the Ifle of Walcheren, about 4 miles S. of Middleburg. Lon. 3. 35. £, lat. 51. 30. N. R A M E R A, a town of Lower Champagne, in France, feated on the river Aube, 1 5 miles N. E. of Troyes. Lon. 4. 17. E. lat. 48. 36 N. PvA MIL LIES, a town of the Aufirian Netherlands, in Brabant, remarkable for a famous battle fought here in 1706, when the duke of Marlborotigii beat the French, took moft of their artillery, baggage, and colours, with 6000 prifoners, not to men- tion thofe that were (lain. It is 10 miles N. of Namur, and 24 S. E. of Brufieis. Lon. 4. 50. E. lat. 50. 46. N. Rammelberg, a town of Germany, in Lower Saxony. There is a mountain of the fame name, in which there is a rich mine, between Brunfwick, Gcfiar, and Thuringia. • Rampano, a town of Turky in Eu* rope, and in the Morea. Lon. 20. 17. E. lat. 36. 54. N. *Ramsburt, a town in Wiltfliire, ot» the road to Bath, and well known in Lon- don for its fine beer. It ib a fmall place, and has no market ; but two faVs, on May 14, and September a;, for horlies, cows, fheep, and toys. It is 46 miles E. of Bridol, and 69 W. cf London. • Ramsey, a village in Huntingdon- fhire, with a fmall fair, on July 22, for pedlais ware. Ramsky, a town of Huntingdcnfhire, with a market en Wsdnefdays, and a fa.r on RAO on July a», for fmall pedlars warf. It is fe«ted in the fens, among rich ground, pro- per for tillage and paftures, and near the meers of Ramfey and Whiilefey, which af- ford excellent fifh. It was formerly famous for an abbey, which brought fuch great riches to the inhabitants, that it was called Ramfey the Rich. It is ii miles N. E. of Huntingdon, and 67 N. of London. Lon. o. 5. W. lat. s». a6. N. Ramsey, an ifland of S. Wale?, on the coaft of Pembrokefhire, about two miles in length, and a mile and a half broad. Near it are feveral fmall ones, known by the name of the Bifhop and his Clerks. It is 4 miles W. of St. David's, and 17 N. W. of IVfilford haven, Lon. 5. *o. W. lat. 5!' 55, N. Ramsgate, a fea -port town of Kent, in the Ifle of Thanst, where a very fine pier has been lately built, for the fecurity cf fhips that come into the harbour, being featf'd near the Downs, between the N. and S. Foreland, 10 miles N. E. of Canterbury. Lon. I. 20. E. lat. 51. 20. N. Ranchiera, a fea-port town of S. America, in Terra Firma, and in the pro- vince of New Granada. There was for- merly a pearl fifhery here, and the Spaniards deAroyed a great number of the natives, by forcinsr them to dive for the pearls be- yond their ftrength. It is feated on a coafl ' of the N. Sea. Lon. 72. o. E. lat. 11. 34. N. Randans, a town cf France, in Lower Auvergne, near tlie river Allier, between Maringues and Vechy. It had formerly the title of a duchy. Lon. 3. 30. E. lat. 45. 50. N. Randcrson, or Randibs, an ancient town of Denmai k, in N. Jutland, feated near the mouth of the river Gude, on the Baltic Sea. Near it is a plentiful falmon filhery. Lon. II. 15. E. lat. 56. 50. N. • Rangamati, a town of Afia, in the Eafl Indies, feated on the confines of the Great Mogul's dominions. In the road from Daca to Rangamati is a river full of crocodiles, over which the paflage is very dangerous. Lat. 27. o.N. • Rang N' IT z, a town of Ducal Pruflia, on the confines of Samogitia, feated on the river Neimen, 5; miles E. of Koningfbuig. Lon. 23. 10. E. lat. 44. 59. N. Rantzow, a town of Germany, in the tircle of Lower Saxony, and in the duchy of Holbein. It is 8 miles N. of Eutin, and a I N.of Lube> k, fubjeA to Denmark. Lon to. 20. E. lat. 54. 45. N. R^oi coNDA, a town of Afia, in the pe- nlnfula on this fide the Ganges, and in the kingdom of GoIconda> There is a lich dia R A S mond-mine near this place, which it 120 miles N.W. of MafTulapatan, and 150 N. E. of Golconda. Lon, 77. o. £. lat. 14. 30. N. • Raon L*ETAPt, a town of Lorrain, in the county of Salm ; feated at the foot of Mount- Vofgue, at the confluence of the ri- vers Etape and Marte, about 30 miles above Nanci. Lon. 6. $7. £. lat, 48. 26. N. Rapallo, a maritime town of Italy, in the territory of Genoa, feated on a gulph o( the fame name, 17 miles S. E. of Genoa, Lon. 9 20. E. lat. 44. as. N. Rapirswil, a town of SwifiTerland, on the confines of the canton of Zurich, and of the territory of Gafler, with an old ca- ftle. It is ftrong by fitnation, being feated on a neck of land, which advances into th« lake of Zurich, and over which there is a bridge 850 paces long. It is fubjedt to the cantons of Bern and Zurich, and is 15 miles S. E. of Zurich, and 6z Ni 6> of Bern, Lon* 8. 57. E.lat. 47, 20. N. • Rapglftein, a town of France, in Upper Alface, with the title of a barony. All the muficians of Alface aepend upon this baron, and are obliged to pay him a certain tribute, without which they cannot play upon their inftruments. It is called in French Ribau Pierre, and is 8 miles N. of Colmar. Lon. 7. 28. E. lat. 48. 15. N. Rafollo, a town of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, and in the Bafilicata, with a bifhop's fee. In September 1694, an earthquake threw down above 100 houfes, and (hook many more. It is 60 miles W. of Barri, and 66 E. of Naples. Lon, i6. 26. E. lat. 41. o. N. Rappahanock, a river of N. America, which rifing in mountains W. of Virginia, and running E,S. E. falls into Chefepcak- Bay, • RAscARANSCHi,acapeontheS. coaft of Vai-di-Noto, in Sicily, furrounded with fmall ifiands, and lies 5 miles E. of Cama- rana. Rascia, a territory of Turky in Eu- rope, which is the N. part of Servia. It takes its name from the river Rafca, which falls into the Moraw. The principal town is Belgrade. Rasxborg, a town of Sweden, capital of a canton in Finland, and in the territory of Nyland ; feated on the gulph of Fin- land, where there is a good harbour, 37 miles S. E. of Albo, Lon. 24. 28. £. lat. 60. 20. N. Rasen, a town of Lincolnshire, with a market on Tnefdays, and one fair, on Oc- tober 6, for horned cattle. It is commonly called Market Rafen, and is feated on a > 4 branch RAT branch of the rivet Ankone, 14 miles N. of Lincoln, and 145 N. of London. Lon. o. IS. W.lat. 53. ai. N. 'Raslafha, an ancient town of Ada, with an archbifhop'a fee. It is feated on tlie river Euphrates, on the confines of Arabia Deferta. * Rasocalmo, a cape of the VaI>diDe- rriona, in Sicily, lying on the N. coaA, near a town of the fame name, to the W, of Cape Faro, and to the N. of the city of KfefTina. * Rastat, a town of Germany, in the circle of Bavaiia, and arclibinioprick of Sahzburg ; feated on the river Ens, on the confines of Au(\ria and Styria, 45 miles £. of Saltzburg. Lon. 14. 8. E. iat. 47. 35- N. Rastat, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and marqutfate of BadTen, «vith a handfome cat\le. It is remarkable /or a treaty concluded here between the French and ImpeiiaUns in 17 14, and is feat- ed on the river Merg, near the Rhine, 4 miles N. of Baden, and ai S. W. of Philipf- burg. Lon. 9. 14. E. Iat. 48. 52. N. * Ratenau, a town of Germany, in ihe middle Maiche of Brandenburg, on the confines of the duchy of Magdebuig ; feat- ed on the river Havel, 15 miles N. W. of Brandenburg, Lon. la. 53, £. iat. 53, 40. N. ...... Ratenburg, a town of Germany, in the Tirol, feated on the river Inn, with caflle. Lon. 11. 55. E. Iat. 47. 10. N. Rathmines, a remarkable place in Ireland, about a mile and an half from Dublin, where the duke of Ormond was defeated by the parliamct I's forctb in 1649, when theie was 40UO killed, and 3C00 taken prifoners. Ratibor, a town of Germany, in Si- lefis, and capital of a Uu:hy of the fame name, with a caHle. It has been twice taken by the Swedes, and i^ feated un the river Oder, in a country fertile in corn and fruits, 15 miles N. E. of Tioppaw, and 14a E. of Prague. Lon. za. 24. £. Iat. 50. 14. N. Ratiporx, a (own of Afla, in the pe- rinfuiaon this fide the Ganges, and capital of the province of Malva, 100 miles S- T: of Agra. Lon. 80. o. E. Iat. 25. c.N. Ratisbon, an ancient, large, rich, handfome, and ftrong city of Germany, hi Bavaria, free and imperial, witli a bifhop'b fee, whofe bifliop is a prince of the empire. It is full of gentry, and there ate very hand- fome ftrudlures, particularly three monarte- ries, and three abbeys. The town-houfe is very magnidcent, and in its hall the gene- R A U ral diets of the empire meet j only In 1749, thoie being a war in Germany, the meet- ing of the diet was transferred to Francfcrt on the Main, till after the death of the em- peror Charles VII. It is feated on the Da- nube, and is pretty well fortified, over which liver there is a Aone bridge of 15 arches, fo that in the time of war it is a paflage of very great confequence. The inhabitanis aie ProieAants, and all their magirtraies muft be of that perfuafion 5 however, the Roman Catholics have the liberty of faying mafs there once a week. The abbot, and the two abbcffes have the rank of p. elates of the enipiie. Provifions aie very plentiful he.e, and they have a good trade in time of peace, the river on which It flands being navigable, and by which n communicates with a great pare of Germany. It is 55 miles S. E. of Nuremberg, 6s N. of Munich, and 195 W. of Vienna. Lon. 11. it. E. Iat. 4S. 56. N. Ratoi.fzel, a flrong town of Germa- ny, in Suabia, near the VV. end of the lake ConUance. I: is ftated on that part of it called Bodenfee, and belongs to the houfe of Auftria, who took it from the duke of Wirieniburg, after the battle of Nerdlin- gcn. It is 1 a miles \V. of the city of Con- Aarce, Ratzsburo, or Ratzemburc, an ancient town of Geimany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and in the duchy of Law- enburg, with a bifliop's fee, and a caftlc. The town depends on the duchy of Lawen- burg, and the cathedral church on that of Ratzburg. It is feattd en an eminence, and almoA furrounded with a lake 2 5 miles in length, and 3 in breadth. This place is noted for its excellent beer, and is la miles S. E. ot Lubeck, and la N. of L;-wenburg* Lon. 10. 58. E. iat. 53. 47. N. Rat7,ia, the eaflern divilion of Sclavo- nia, ful>j':<5l to the houfe of Auflria, wiiofe inhabitants are called Rafcians. Rava, a tokvn of Gi cat Poland, and ca- pital of a palatinate of the fame name, with a foiiified caHle, where they keep f\ate pri- foners. The hcufcs are built of wood, and there is a Jefuit's college. It is feated in a '".orafs coveted with water, which proceeds from the river Rava, with which it is fur- rounded. It is 45 miles S. of Blolko, and 50 S. W. of Warfaw. The palatinate is bounded on the N. by that of Blofko ; on the E. by that of Mazovia } on the S. by that of Sandomer j and on the W. by that of Lencicza. Raucoi;x, a village of Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia, and bifhoprick of Liege, R A V R E A Liege, vvTtcre a battle was fought by the 'are partly Proteftants, and partly Papifls | prench and Germans in 17^6. It is 3 miles and without the walla is a houfe belonging N. of Liege, and II S. of Maeftricht. Lon. totheraiUe. It isfeated onthe riverCheurs, 5. 42. E. lat. 50. 40< N. 10 miles N. of Bukhorn, and 15 N. W. oC Raudbn, a town of Germany, in Si- Lindaw. Lon. 9. 46. E. lat 47, 44. N. lefia, and in the principality of Lignitz, Ravestkin, a town of the Netherlands feated on a fmall river. in Dutch Brabant, and capital of a count/ Ravillo, a fea-port town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Hither Principato. There are mai^nificent palaces, and fine houfes, and it has a bishop's fee. It is feated near the fea, 10 milts W. of Sa- lerno, and ao S. E. of Naples. Lon. 14. 37. E- lat. 40. 38. N. Ravenciass, a town in Cumberland, with a market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on June 8, and Auguft 5, for horfes, horned cattle, and yarn. It is feated between the rivers Irt and Eik, which, with tlie fea, en* compafs tliree parts of it; and it has a good road for (hipping, which btings it a little trade, being a well-built place. It is 17 miles S. pf Cockermouth, and 17* N. N. W. of London. Lon. o. 5. £. lat. 54. ao. N. Ravknna, an ancient and celebrated town of Italy, in the territory of the Church, capital of Romagna, with an archbifhop's fee, two academies, feveral colleges, four abbeys, and a great number of religious houfes. They had a very flourifhing trade, but it has greatly fuffered (ince the fea has withdrawn two miles from it. The fortifi cations are of little importance, and the ci- tadel is gone to ruin. It is moft remarkable now for the excellent wine produced in its neighbourhood. Theodoric king of the Goths refided here, and afterwards the exarchs of the Greek emperors. In the fjxth century, when there were three popes at the fame time, one lived at Ravenna. The maufoleum of Theodoric is Aill to be feen, remarkable for being coveted by a fingle flone, 18 feet in diamater, and 15 thick. This place is now continually going to de- cay. It is feated near the river Mantone, 37 miles S. E. of Ferrara, and 1C2 N. of Rome. Lon. iz, 15.E. lat. 44. as. N. ♦ Ravensberc, acounty of Germany, in Weftphalia, bounded on (he N. by the bilhopricks of Minden and Ofnabrug ; on the £. by Lemgow; on the S. by the bi- fhoprick of Paderbcrn ; and on the W. by that of Munfter. It belongs to the king of Pruflia, and has its name from the caftle of Ravenlburg. town, Ravensbvro, a free and imperial town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and in Algow. It is well built, and the public |lru(Aures are handfonie. The inhabitanis of the fame name, with an ancient and flrong caftle. It belongs to ihe elector Pa- latine, but the Dutch have a light to put a garrifon therein. It is feated on the river Maefe, on the confines of Guelderland, to miles S. W, of Nimeguen, and 15 N. E. oC Boifleduc. Lon. 5. 35. E. lat. 51. 50. N, • Ravierf.s, a town of France, in Clampagne, in thediocefeof Langresj feat- I ed partly on the fide of a hill, and partly aC j the foot, on the river Armanzon, 5 miles from Ancy le Franc, and 10; from Paris* Lon. 4. 10. £. lat. 47. 38. N. Ragleigh, a town in EfTex, with « market on Saturdays, and one fair, on Tri- nity-Monday, for hdrfes and toys. It is an ancient place, but not large, and the mar-i ket is very fmall. It is 13 miles S. £. cf Chelmsford, and 35 £. of London. Lon« o. 40. E. lat. 51. 37. N. * Radmo, a town of Sweden, in K, Finland, feated on the gulph of Bothnia, ac the mouth of a fmall river. * Rauschenbkrg, an ancient town o€ Germany, in the landgravate of HefTe-Caf- fel, and in the county of Zigenheim, and near it there is a bandfome cafile. Rz, an ifland of France, on its weftem coaO, and in the territory of Aunis, S miles from Rochelle. It is about 10 miles in length, and 5 in breadth. It is very fer- tile, and produces wine and fait. It lies well for trade, and is very pcpuloufi, and defended by four forls. Lon. i. 27. W. laf. 46. 15. N. Reading, a town in Eetkfhire, with n market on Saturdays, and four fairs, on February i, for cheefe and horfes ; on May I, chiefly for horfes j on July 25, for horfes and other cattle ; and on September 9^, for chcet'e. It is pleafantly feated on the river Kennet, near the confluence with the Thames, and is the largeft and befl town in the county, with three parifh churches, and large handfome ftreets. It had once a fine rich monaftery, of which there are large ruins remaining. It alfo had a caflle, built by king Henry I. but it was afterwards le« Hervorden is the capital veiled with the ground. It is a corporation, enjoys feveral privileges, and fends two members to pmliament. The two naviga- ble rivers render it a fit place of trade. It is 75 miles E. of Briftol, and 40 W. of Lcndon. Lon. i, 0, W. lat. ^i. 25. N, RsAL, RED Rial. SeeCHiAFA. Rbalaio. SeeRiALBXA. Rbalmomt, a town of France, inLan gucdoc, and in the diocefe of Alby, 31 milea N. E. of Touloufe. Lon. 1. 50. E. lat. 43. 50. N. Rbbii, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of Lower Saxony, and duchy of Meek- lenburg, } feated on the lake MuriiK, 10 miles S. of Waren, and 31 S. E. of Cuf. trow. Lon. la. 41. E. lat. 53. 18. N. Rbbmick, a populous town of Tutky in Europe, and in Walachia, feated on the ri- ver Aluta, with a bifhop's fee ; 45 miles S. W. of Targowilk. Recamati, a town of Itnly, in the Marche of Ancona, with a bifhop'i fee. It is a trading place, and has a great fair every year in September, which continues 15 days. The tomb of pope Gregory VII. it in the cathredal church. It is feated on a mountain, from whence there is a very fine profpedt, near the river Mufone, is miles S. of Ancona, and no N. E. of Rome. Lon. 13. 44. E. lat. 43. 23. N. Recklinghausen, a town of Germa- ny, in the archbiHioprick of Cologne, capi- tal of a county of the fame name, with a Arong citadel, and a chapter of noble wo- men. It it feated on the river Lippe, so miles from Ham, and 35 from Rhynberg. Lon. 8. ao. E. lat. 51. 35. N. Rbo Russia, or Littlb kussiA, a |>rovince of Poland, bounded on the W. by Upper Poland j on the N. by Lithuania ; on tfie E. by the country of the Little Tartars ; and on the S. by Moldavia, Tranfilvania, and a part of Hungary. It comprehends Ruflia, properly fo called, Volhinia, and Podolia. It is about 650 miles in length, and from 1 50 to 250 in breadth. It confifls chiefly of large fields, but little cultivated on account of the frequent inroads of the Tar- tars, and becaufe there is no.water carriage. It had the name of Red Rufiia, from the co- lour of the hair of its inhabitants. Ruflia, properly fo called, comprehends the three palatinates of Leopol, or Lemburg, Bel(ko, and Chelm, which fee. * Redborm, a thoroughfare town on the road from London to Dunftable, in Hertfordihire, with no market, nor any confiderable fair, they being all for toys, They are en Wednef^ay after January 1, F.after-Wednefday, and Whitfun-Wednef- day. It is 6 miles N. W. of St. Alban's. ' • Rewd icH, a village in Worcefterfhire, ■ wi'h one fair, on tlie fiill Monday in A.u- f uft, for all forts of cattle. • Red-Linch, a village in Somerfet- • ftiire, with one fair, on June jg, for cxen and ihe^p. REG • RiDON, a town of France, in Lower Bretagne, in the diocefe of VanncR, with a Benedidline abbey ; feated on the Vilaine, II miles E. of Vannes, and 115 W. by S. of Paiis. Lon. 2. i. W. lat. 47. 38. Rkdonda, a town of Portugal, in the province of Beira, with a good caftic, and a manufaftory of cloth } feated at the mouth of the river Mondcgo, 17 miles S. W. of Coimbra. Lon. 8.c. W. lat. 39. 57. N. • Rboondblla, a fmall but rich town of Spain, in the kingdom of Galicia, with a good caflle. It was pillaged by tiie Englifh in J7CZ ; and there is a fifliery for anclio- vies on the coafl. It is feated at the bottom of a bay, i ; miles S. of Pontevedra. Lon. 8. I ;. W. lat. 42. 6 N. Kedruth, a town of Cornwall, whofe market is difufed, but it has t^ree faiis, on May 2, September 5, and OAober 1, for horfes, oxen, fheep, cloth, and a few hop:;. It is It miles N. N. E. of HeKlone, and 273 W. by S. of London. Lon. 5. 40. W. lat. £0. 17. Rid Sea, a name given to tlie Arabic gulph, through a miftake ; for that whicli was anciently and more properly called the Red Sea, lies to the S. of Arabia and Per« lia. It is now called by the Arabians tlie Sea of Suph. * Rees, a confiderable and Arong town of Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia, and duchy of Cleves, belonging to the king of Pruflia. It is feated on the Rhine, it miles S. E. of Cleves, and 1 5 N. W. of We- fel. Lon. 6. 27. E.lat. 51. 45. N. * Rseth, a village in the N. riding of YorkOiire, near Bernard- caflle, with four fairs, on Friday before Palm- Sunday, Fri- day fe'nnight before May ii, Friday be- fore Auguft 24, and Friday fe'nniglit before November 22, for pewter, br^fj, hawkers and pedlars ware. Re GEN, a river of Germany, which has its fcurce in Bohemia, runs crofs part of the circle of Bavaria, paiTing by Chairb, and falling into the Danube over-againfl Ratifbon. Regensbbrg, a handfome though fmall town of Swi^Terlanrl, in the canton of Zu- rich, and capital of a bailiwick of the fame name, with a ftrorxg caflle ; feated on a hill which is part of Mount Jura. Tiiere is a well funk through a rock, 36 fathoms dtep. It is 10 miles N. W. of Zurich. Reg G 10, an ancient and confiderable town of It.ily, in the kingdom of Naples, and in tlie Farther Calabria, with an arch- bifhop's fee, and a woollen manufaftory. It is feated in a country wliich ^iroduces plenty n Lower with a Vilaine, W. by S. 8. 'Sal, in id caflic, d at the liles S. 39- 57. ich town with a Enj-lirh ancho- bottom L«n. whofe faiit, on , for :w hopff. ne, and . 40. W. R E I yieitfy of dates, on the ftreight or pliaroi of Mcflina, and » a large populous place, 11 miJet S. E. of Mefllna, and 200 S. by E. of Naples. Lon. 16. 3. £. lat. 38. 6. N. Riooio, an ancient, handfome, and Arong town of Italy, in the duchy of Mo- dena, with a ftrong citadel, and a bifliop's fee, It has been ruined feveral timet by the Goths, and other nations. In the cathe- dral ara paintings by the greateft mafters ; and in the fquare the Aatue of Brennus, chief of the Gauls. Tlie inhabitants arc about 12,000, who carry on a great trade in filk. It was taken by prince Eugene in 1706, and by the king of Sardinia in 1742. It is feated in a fertile country to the S. of the Appennines, and to the N. of a fpacious plain, 15 miles N. W. of Modena, and 83 S. E. of Milan. Lon. 10. 37. E. lat. 44. 43. N. The duchy of this name is bounded on the W. by that of Modena, and produces a great deal of filk, and belongs to the duke of Modena, except the marquifate nf St. Martin, which belongs to a prince of that name. Regina, a town of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, and in the Hither Calabria, 14 miles N. of Cofenza. Lon. 16. 35. £. bt. 39. 35, N. *Rrgnano, a town of Italy, in the Pope's territories, and Patrimony of St. Pe- ter. It is but thinly inhabited, and i& feated near the river Tiber, 17 miles N. of Rome. Lon. 13. o, E. lat. 42. 15. N. RiicHENAo, an idand of Germany, in Suabia, and in the lake of Zell. It is ex- tremely beautiful, and in it is a famous Be* nedidline abbey, with a library, in which are curious manufcripts. It is 3 milas W. of the city of ConAanae, and belongs to the btihop of that place, it alfo has the title of a barony. * RxicHiNBACH.atown of Germany, in Voigtlanri, which belongs to the eledtor of Saxony, and is a place of great trade. There is another town of the fame name in Silefia, and in the palatinate of Sweidnitz, feated on a river of the fame name. It was taken by the Auflrians in 153:;, who put all the inhabitants to the fword. * Reichenberg, a cafilc of Germany, in the circle of the U>)per Rhine, and in the county of Catzenelt-nbogcn. It is feated on a mountain near die Rhine, and belongs to the prince of HeflTe-Rheinffels. ton. 7. 57. E. lat. 50. 4. N. * RKicHBNSTiiN,a town of Germany, in Silefia, 5 miles from Glatz, famous for the mines in its neighbourhood. Lon. 6. 55. E. lat. 50. 25. N. * Reicuimswiik, a town of France, REN in Alface, below Keyferburg, * Re I cut a SB ERG. a town of Cermanjr, in Bavaria, feated on the river |ni». * REic|isHorBN, a town of France, in Lower Alface. with a calUe in the neigh- bourhood of Haguenaw. It was taken by the count Talatine in 1633. * Kkiferchf. in, a town of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, and in th« territory of Eiffel, with a caflle. * RcirriNBERG, a town of Germany, in the landgravate of HefTe CafTbi, with a caftle, feated on a mountain. * ReiLLANK, a town of France, in Provence, and in the viguerieof Aix, with the title ot' a vifcounty. * Reinb, St. a town of Fiance, in Burgundy, and ihe bailiwick of Semur-en- Auxois, feated on a mountain, and fre* quinted by pilgrim*. 'Reitberg, a town of Germany, in the circle of VVeftphalia, and the cl, a town in Nottinghamdiire, with a market on Saturdays, and two fairt, on March 23, and Odiober a, for horfei and horned cattle. It is 30 miies'N. of Not- tingham, and T34N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 48. W. lat. 53.23,N. R ETHEL, an ancient town of France, in Champagne, and capital of the Rethelois, with the title of a duchy. It is feated en a mountain near the river Aifne, 22 miles N. of Rheims, and 108 N. E. of Paris. Lon. 4. 30. E. lat. 49. 35. N. Rethelois it bounded on the N, by the Netherlands, on the E. by Argonne and (Jlermeniois, on the 5, by Rhemois, and on the W. by Laonois. It contains a great deal of timber, feveral forges, and i;ood paflures. Rbthigen, an imperial city of Germa- ny, in Suabia, and in the duchy of Wir- temburg, feated on the river Echetz, near the Neckar, 20 miles S. of Stutgard. Lon; 9. (s. E. lat. 48. 18. N. • • Ret I mo, a town of the ifland of Can- dia, wit!) a bilhop's fee, and a harbour de- fended by a citadel, where a bafhaw refides. It was taken by the Tuiks in' 1647, who have kvpt it ever fince. All along the (bore there is nothing to be (een but gardens, whofe ff uits are well tailed. The filk, wool, honey, wax, laudanum, and oil,are preferred to all others. It is feated on the N. coaft of the ifland, in a pkafant country, 45 miles from Candia, Lon. 14. 45. £• lat. 35. 22. N. Revei, a town of France, in Upper Languedoc, and in the diocefe of Lavaur, near the Black Mountain. The fortifica- tions are now demolifhtd. It is 5 miles N. of St. Papoul. Lon. 2. 6. £. lat. 43. 20. N. Revel, a large, rich, and ftrong town of the RuflTian empire, in Upper Livonia, and capital of EHhonia, with a good har- bour, and a bifliop's fee. It is furrounded with high walls and deep ditches, and de- fended by a caAle and good bafiions. The houfes are well built, and have very fine gat dens. There is a college with four pro- feflbrs. k H fi' Ccfl})rs, and in 17)) two churefiii v e*!* Jowtd to c^e Frot«ftant». Ic is bcc nf « placi of Krsat tiiidc, fince the Ru((ijn id it in poffcirun, and there are two )(i«« airi •very yeur.in May and Se(>(efnbcr, frtqti nt- j cd by EngliOi and Dutch iiierchants.TlicKur fians fcized this importfini plac<; in 171 1|| without the lofi of a man, bucaufe mol\ of the inhabitant! were dead of the plague. It is featcd on the coaft of tiie gulph of Fin* ' land, partly in a pleafant plain, and partly ' on a mountain, '' 3 miks S. E. of Abo, and . 13} W. b/ S. of I'cterlburg. Lon. 15. 7. £. lat. 59. 23. N. RcvERO, a (Irong town of Italy, in the duchy of Mantua, feated on the river Po, over-againll Odiglia, 10 miles N. E. of Mi- randola, and 10 S. E. of Mantua. Lon. i. '9. E. lat. 44.. $8.N. *Rbutlinckn, a handfome, free, and imperial town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia and duchy of Wirtemberg { feated in a plain, on the river Efchez, near the Neckar, and adorned with handfome pub lie buildings, and has a well frequented college. It is 10 miles £. of Tubingen, and 37 S. of Stutgard. Lon. 9. 10. £. lat. 48. 3'.N. Reux, a fortified town of the AuRrian Netherlands, in HainauU, with the title of a county ; 3 miles N. E. of Mons. • Reyna, an ancient town of Spain, in Andalufia, feated on a plain, with a caflle built upon an eminence, 3 miles from Ler« na, and in a territory abounding in wine and cattle. It was taken from the Moors in 1 1 85, by Alphonfu IX. * Rsz, a towti of Germany, in Auflria, on the frontiers of Moravia> feated in a country fertile in good wine. It was taken and ravaged by the Bohemians in 1424. Rezan, or Kezanskoi, an ancient town of Ru(]!ia, and capital of a duchy of the fame name, with an archbishop's fee. It was formerly confiderable for its extent and riches, but it was almofl ruined by the Tartars in 1568^ Tiiecountry is populous and fertile in corn, and had formerly its own princes. It is feated on the river Oc ca, 155 miles S. E, of Mofcow. Lon. 42. 37. E. lat. 54. 54. N. RHAioD£RnwY, a town of Radnorlhire, in S. Vales, with a market on Wednefdays, and three fairs, on Auguft 6, Auguft 27, and September z6, for fheep, horned cat- tle, and horfes. It is feated on the river Wye, in the hilly pare of the country, and is but a fmall place. It is 18 miles W. of Radnor, and 170 W. N. W. of London. Lon. 3. J3. W. lat. 52. 25. N. Rhkims, a city of France, in Cham* R M I ^in«, kmi oapital of RhcimoU, * i oit4 i (Im r it ancient, cclcbrntvd, a» arfc pl«(ie« the kingdom, Willi an art t.- ho fee, w Jip archbii'h'ip is duke .md t « 4 iTiiles in c.r L. f^tv«ral ' f'lM). .t( Ik ifr ,id maj^ni I he mctti utan church •«t largcn. e^uty bt I'lanct It 14 ab ence, »t)(4 coMM. large (iiee •, wr ■ ficent churches is confiJeiabU t« te£lure, and thi Ane archi* tf* tronf, being full of figures in relievo, h *<»'* a mintj an univerfity, and 5 .ibbeys, the mofl famous of which IS that of St. Remy. There are slfo feveral triumphal arches, and other monuments of the Romans. It is feated in a plain, furrounded with hills which produce excellent wine, on the river VcflCf 62 miles N. of Troyes, and 85 N. B,. of Paris. Lon. 4. 8. E. lat. 49. 14, N. Rhink, a great river of Europe, which has its fource in Mount Gothard, in the country of the Grif.ns, and in the Upper League. After It has crofTed part of Ger- many and the Netherlanda, it (nvirjes into two branches, one of which preferves the name of the Rhine, and lofes itfelf in the fands below Leyden. The other takes the name of the Lech, and falls into the Merwe, 5 miles N. W. of Dord:echt. It paires by a great number of towns and pl.ices in its very long courfe, all which will be taken notice of, as being feated on the Rhine, when there is an account given of them in theii proper places. Rhins, the Lower Circle of, is one of the nine provinces which now compofe the empire of Germany. It extends from the circle of Suabia, which bounds it on the S. to that of Weflphalia, which lies to the N. to the E. is the lower part of the circle of the Upper Rhine and that of Franconi;*, and to the W. the upper pan of the circle of the Upper Rhine, Lorrain, and Luxemburg. It contains the eleftorates of Mentz, Triives or Triers, and Cologne. The eleflor of Mentz is the dire^or. Rh I N K, the circle of the Upper Rhine is one of the nine provinces of the empire of Germany, and is divided into two parts, the Upper and the Lower, The lower p'trt comprehends the territories of the land- graves of HefTe-Caflll, Darmdadt, and Rhin- feld, the counties of NafTau, Solms, Ha« naw, Ifenburg, Seine, Wied, Wigenftein, Aatzfeld, and Wa'.deck, together with the Abbeys of Fuld and Hiifchfeid, nnd the im> pt;rial towns of Francfort, Fridburg, and Wetzlaw. The upper part of the circle of the Upper Rhine lies to the W. of that ri- ver, and comprehends the bifhopricks of Bade, Stra/burg, Spire, and W&rms, with R r r » ih» R H ! tl>« iachy ^f t)«ox.pon»» j l'»t eonntU* t>t\ Spontiilm, 8«rhruck, Falkenrtein, and Li- nen^e, and ihe imperiil towni of Wormi | and S(>ir0. Alfacf, Lorratn, and Savoy, were fnitnerly in the circle, but do no« now belong 10 Germany. The direAots are the bifhop of Woinuandthe count of Spon- helm. Rhinfikro, a tnwn of Oermany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, and diocefe of Cologne. It wai in ihc pofflfTion of the French, but reOo'ed to the arclibifhop of Cologne by the treaty of Utrecht. It is feated on the Rhine, 40 mi!et N. W, of Co- logne, *nr) 40 S. £ of Ouclderiand. Lon. 6. 30. E. Ut. 51. 30. N. • Rnineck, a town of Oermany, in the archbilhoprick of Cologne, feated on the Rhine. Lon. 7. 53. E. lat. 5©. 17. N. There is another town of the fame name inSwif- ferland, capital of Rhinihal, feated on the Rhine, near the lake of Conftance, with a good caOie. Lon. 9. 53. E. lat. 47. 38. N. Rhinfelp, a fmall but ftrong town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and the be(\ of the four foreft-lowns, belonging to the houre of Auiiria. It has been oftm taken and retaken in the German wars, and is feated on the Rhine, over which there is a liandfnme briHge, 8 miles E. of Bafle, and zo S. W. of Ftibach. Lon. 7. 53. E. lat. 47. 40. N. RniNrELs, a caftle of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine; in a county of thtf fame name. It is looked upon as one of the moD important places feared on the Rliine, as well in ree;ard to its ftrrngth as lituation. It is near St. Goar, and built on a cragt;y rock This fortrefs commands the whole breadrh of the Rhine, and thofe who pafs are always obliged to pay a confiderable toU. In the time of war it is of i;reat im> portance to the mafters of this place. It is 15 miles S. of Coblentz- Lon 7.43. E. lat. 50 3. N. ''Rhinland, a name given to a part of S. Holland, w^ich lies on both fides the Rhine, and of wl)ich Leyden is the capital town. Rhin-Sabf.rk, or Saverne, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, and bifhoprick of Spire, with a caftle. Over- againft it, on the other fide of the Rhine, is the town called Sckeck, near which prince Charles of Lnrrain paflfed that river with the ■^uftrian army in'1744. It is 18 miles S. W. of Spire. Lon. 8. o. E. lat. 49. o. N. • Rhinthai, a valley of Swiflerland, lying alonj; fh*; Rhine, one end of which reaches to the laUe of Conftance. It is a R H O ftrtttff eotmiry, efpecislly in wint^ intf N< longs to tht nine cantons, namely, to 'he eight ancient ones, and to that of App<«n* lell. 'Rainwai. i>,a large valley in the coun. try of the Grifoni, and in the Upper L«a{,ne, where the Rhine has itsfource. R NOP as, an idandof Afla, on (he S Ada of Natolia, and in the Meditcrianean Sea, beini; about 40 milet in length, and 15 in breadth. The air is good, and tfic foil pretty fertile, but badly cultivated. V rs famous for having been the refidcnce oi the knights of Jerufalem till the year 1513, when the Turks got poflefrion of it. The principal town is of the fame name, is an ;*rchbi(hop's fee, and has a good harbour, with an narrow entrance betwecik two rocks, on which are two towers built rn defettd the pafTage. Here in all probability flood the famous colofTus, a flatue of bronze, 70 cubits high. It was reckoned one of the feven wonders of the world, for a (hip with all its fails might pafs between the legs. It was thrown down by an earthquake ; and when thr Saracens became mafleo of thie iOand in 665, they knocked it in pieces, with which they loaded goo camels. The knights of Jerufalem took it from the Sara< censin 1309, and kept it till it wai taken from them by the Turks as above. It is the only town in the ifland, and is looked upon as an impregnable fortrefs, being furrouild- ed with triple walls and double ditches. It is inhabited by Turks and Jews, for the Chrtflians are obliged to live in the fabutb?, they not being fufTercd re be within the walls in the-night-time. Lon. 18.Z5.E. lat. 36. »4. N. Rhonk, a large river of France, which has its fourcc in Mount Fourche, on the confines of the bailiwick of SwifTerlard, and runs crofs the Valats, the lake, and ttie city of Geneva. After which it feparates Bre/fe from Savoy, and from Dauphiny as Tar as Lyons, where turning direAly S. it enters Lyonnots and Languedoc, which are to the W. and Dauphiny with Provence which lie to the E. and then proceeds to difcharge itfelf into the Mediterranean Sea, by feveral mouths. It receives many rivers in its paffage, and wafhes feveral towns, namely, Sion, Geneva, and Seyfilf, where it begins to be navigable for boats ; from thence it paffes to Bely, Lyons, Vienne, Tournon, Valence, Viers, Pont St. Efprir, Avignon, Braucaire, Tarafcon, and Aries. * Rhos Fair, a village of Cardigan* (hire, in S. Wales, with three fairs, on Au- gu(l 5, Auguft ^6, and 0£}ober 13, for cattle, hoikif wooli and pedlars ware. • Rhy- R I C R I G ^RHTTTtAfARD, ■ village tn Carnar* von^irei in S. Walei, with one fair, on June 19, for cattle. * RfALBXA, « town of N. America, in New Spain, and in the province of Ni'-ara- gua i feated on a plain, on a fmall river, s milca from the S. Sta, where tlitrr it a good harbour. THc air it very unwholefome, on account of the moraflfei. It is 60 mile* W, of Leon, and .the lake Nicarai^ua. Lon. I7. 10. W. lat. la. 15. N. *RiiAOAViA, a town of Spain, in the kingdom of Oalicia, with a ftne fafe har- bour. It it near the mouth «f the river Ri- badeo, 15 miles from Lucaro, and llandt upon a rock. Lon. 6. 47. W. lat. 43. 44. K, *RiBApATiA, a town of Spain, in the kingdom of Gaticia, feated at the confluence of the rivers Minho and Avia, in a territory that produces the heft wine in Spain. It is 1 5 miles S, W. of Orenfe. Lon. 7. 45. W. lat. 41. 13. N. * RiBAS, a town of Spain, in NewCa- ftile, with the title of a marquifate ; it is (ieated on the river Xarama, 8 miles from Madrid. RiBBLC, a river which rifes in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire, runsacrofs Lancafhira, and falls into the Irilh channel below Pref- lon. * Rib KM ON T, a town of France, in Pi- cardy, with a rich Benedifiine abbey. It is feated near the river Oife, upon an emi> nence, to miles from St. Quentin. Lon. 3. 31. E. lat. 49 4S. N. *Kibkira-Grande, a town of Afri- ca, in St. Jago, the principal of the Cape de Verde iflands, with a good harbour and ] with a bifhop's fee, a bifhop's fee. The general of thefciflands —•—--«— 'i-— refides here. It is feater) between two high mountains. Lon. 13. 44. W. lat. 15. o. N. Ribnitz, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and duchy of Mecklenburg. Theie is a nunnery for no- ble women, and it is ferted on a bay of the Baltic Sea, ii miles from Roftock and 40 E. of Wifmar. Lon. la. 45. £. lat. 54. »o, N. :* RicHLttu, ahandfome town of France, in Lower Poiton, and diocefe of Poitiers, with the title of a duchy, and a handfome caftle. It was built by cardinal Richlieu in X637 ; the ftreets are as Arait as a line, and it contains a handfome fquare. It is feated on the rivers Amable and Vide, ay miles N. of Poitiers, and 151 S. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 20. E. lat. 47. o, N. Richmond, a village in the county of Surry, wUli a royal palace, where the kings of England formerly rcf^ded. ft ftai a fine park, with delightful gardens, and iS viflted by a great number out of curiofity. It is IB miles W. of London. Lon. o. 14. W. Ut. 5I.10.N. RicNMONo. a town in the N. Riding of Yoiklhire, with a market on Saturdays, and three fairs, on the Saturday before Palm- Sunday, the firA Saturday in July, and Sep- tember 14, for horned cattle, horfet, and Iheep, It is feated on the river Swale, over which there is a ftcne btid«c; and is a cor- poration, containing two churches, and handfome houfes, many of which are of free-ftone. The flreets are handfome, th* market place large, and it fends two mem- bers to parliament. It is well inhabited, and has, or had, a manufacture for Aock- ings and caps. It is 40 miles N. W. of York, and 261 N. N. W. of London. Lon, I. 30. W. lat. 54. 10. N. * RicKMANswoRTH, 3 town of Hert- fordshire, with a market on Saturdays, buc no fairs. It is feated on the river Colne, S miles S. W. of St. Alban's, and ai W. N.W. of London. Lon. o. ii. W, lat. 51.40. l/« RiBTi, an ancient and lich town of Ita- ly, in the Pope'ii territories and duchy of Spoleto, with a bifliop'a fee. It is feated on the river Velino, near the lake Rieti, a7 miles S. by E. of Spoleto, and 37 N. B. of Rome. Lon. 13. 5. £. lat. 41.23. N. RiEux, a town of France, in Upper Languedoc, with a bifliop's fee } feated on the river Rife, 25 miles S, W. of Touloufe, and 83 W. of Narbonne. Lon. i. 17. E« lat. 43. 16. N. RiBZ, a town of France, in Provence, It is a pleafant, po- pulous place, though fmall, but was for- merly much larger than it is at prefent* It is feated on rhe rive r AuvefVre, in a plain abounding with good wine and exceiier>c fruits, 3; miles N, E. of Aix, and 51 N'« E. of Toulon. Lon. 6. 3a. £. lat. 43. $%* N. Riga, a large, ftrong, populous, and ricll town of the Ruffian empiie, and capital of Livonia. It is a large trading place, and has a very condderable fortrefs } the trade is chiefly in corn, (kins, leather, and naval ftores. It was taken by the RufTians in 1 7 10, after they had blocked it up a long while, during which the inhabitants were afflicted with the plague. Tie cadle ia fquare, and defended by fout towers and fix baftions ; befides which it has a fine arfenal. The Proteflants have ftilla hard- fonie college here. It is featc-d in a large pl.iin, on the river Dwina, s miles from its mouth, and 95 S, £. ol Stockholm. Lon. »4' *5t 1 'j: K ! O Rr ..«.?.., ail ancient, populous, a-^'l ll«ndf - - town o» Jtaly, in Romagi.a, 1»tr , . .1 I -'f ilu Lfiitory r f ilieCliurc'i, with a bi'> fee, an old taft'e, ard a Aron^' cuuvcr j as alfo m»u> remains cf an- tiqui'y, ir,(* very fine buildings. It i: (a mous for a council in ^1,9, .01 r.umg ot 40& bifl^ips, wlio Were all Ai-ni < xcepi »o. Ir IS featffl it) a i'crn'e jjlain, at rlie mouth of tht, rivf ftfaiccchia, on the guiph of Ver.ict, 20 iniics S. E, of Ravenna, and 145 K. l>y F, of Rome. Lon. 12. 39. E. lat. 44. 6. N. • RiMMBGEN, a town of Germajiy, in tbe duchy of Juliers, f^-ated on tlie river Kiiine. It is remarkable for feveral Roman antiquities, and it was taken and burnt by the Swedes in 16S3. • RiNGAUD, a territory of Germany, in Ulentz, which lies almoA 20 miles along the Rhine, ft is very populous, and is full of gardens and vineyards. RiNCOFiNG, a town of Denmark, in N. Jutland, in the diocefe of Ripen, feattd OD the weftern coaA of that province. • RiNGSTED, a town of Denmark, in the Ifle of Zealand, and. capital of a baili- wick of the fame name. It is a very ancient place ; the kings of Denmark for^merly re lided, and were buried here. Lon. 12. 10. X. lat. 58. 28. N. RiNGWOOD, a town of Hampfhire, with a marker on Wednefdays, and two TatrS) on July 10, and December ii, for pedlars wares, and foreft colts. It is featea on a fiver near the fea, and is a large town, with a plentiful market. It is governed by a conflable, and has one church, with about 400 houfes } the town chiefly con(i(ls of one Areet, which is pretty broad, but not paved, and about a mile long. Here is a confiderable manufaQory of worked knit hofe. It is 30 miles S. W. of Winchcfter, and 96 W. by S. of London. Lon. z. o, "W. lat. 50. 50. N. RiNTLKN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weftph^lia, and in the county of Schawenburg, with an univerHty ; feated on the river Wefer, 1 5 miles from Minden, and 35 S. W. of Hanover. It is fubje£l to the Landgrave of HefTe-CafTel. Lon. 9 11. E. lat. 52. j8. N. RlO>OK-LA-HACHAt SccHaCHA. Illo-^E-tA-PtATA. See Plata. • Rio-DE VoiTA, a very rapid livcr of Africa, in Guinea, on the Gold Coaf>, which falls into the fer. 115 miles from Ack> raw. Rio Grandf, a river of S. America, in Terra Firma, which' riles almoA under the R IP equator, and running N. through Twf;f f irma, falls into theN. Sea, between Car- ihaL,fcr.a and St. Martlia. Rio Gkandk, a river of Africa, which runs If'^m E to W. through Ntgroland, and falls into tl.e Atlantic ocean, in 11 de- g:c<: rf ).»:. S me take it be a branch of tlic Niger, of which tlicie is not the kaft pi oof. • Rio-Grandk, a river of S. America, in Brafil, which has its fource in an un- known country ; it croflTss the caplainfhip of RioCrande, and falls into the fca at Na- tal los Reyes. Rio-Jan£1ro, a river of S. America, which rifes in the mountains W. of Brafil, and running E. through that country, falls into tlie Atlantic ocean, in lat. 23. 30. S. The province of Janeiro is one of the richeft in Brafil, and produces gold, filver, dia- monds, and other precious ftones. RioiM, a town of France, in Auvergne j feated on a hill, in fo agreeable a country, that it isca>led the garden of Auvergne. It is 8 miles N. E. of Clermont, and 115 S. of Paris. Lon. 3. 12. E. lat. 45. 51. N. • RioNs, a town of France, in Guienne, and in Bourdelois, o miles from Bourdeaux. .* RioXA, a fmali province of Spain, in 0!d-CaftiIe, abounding io corn, wine, and honey. The river called Rio Oxa runs thro' it, from whence it has its name. • RipaTr ANsoNc,a fmall, handfome, populous, and flrong town of Italy, in the territory of tbe Church, and in the Marche of Ancona, with a bifhop's fee j 5 miles from the gulph of Venice, and 8 from Fer- mo. Lon. 14. 3 E. lat. 42. 57. N. Ripen, a town of Denmark, in N. Jut- land, and capital of a diocefe of the fame name, with a bifhop's fee, a good tiarbour, a catlle, two colleges, and a public library. The tombs of feveral of the kings of Den- mark are in the cathedral church, which is a very handfome Arudlure. The harbour, which has contributed greatly to the pto- fperity of this place, is at a fmall diftance, being feated at the mouth oif the river Nip- faa, in a country which fupplies the bed beeves in Denma:k. It is 45 miles N. W. of Slefwick, and 25 S. by W. of Wiburg. Lon. S. 94. E. lat. 55. 25. N. The dio- cefe is bounded on the N. by thofe of Wi- burg and Arhuys, on the S. by the duchy of Slefwick, and on the £. and W. by the fea. RiFHOEAN Mountains, area chain of high mountains in Ruflia, totheN. E. of the river Oby, where there are faid to be the flnefl fables of the whole empire. RiPtiY, a town in the W. riding of York/hire^ York (hire, one fair, or horned cat the river N and 183 N W, lat. 54 • RlPL one fair, horned cat Rippo Ycrkfhire. and 6 fairs on Thurfd and 1 1, H( Auguit i: and (heep over whici ancient p houfes. corporatio ment, ani cathedral. It is 26 n W. of Lo faftures « Lon. T. I • Ri«i In Picard with a c( ver Cardc 95. N. Pi • R18 rois, and feated on AMier. RlSB( fhire, wi fair, on the hills W.N.V 51. 40- Rise lefia, w Iron, ai filver, i many ri is featet Bohemi RiT circle of the f and 5 i feated Paderb 8. o E Rn tbe bi( the Fr after. fiver, which R 1 V Vorkrtiire, with a market on Fridays, and one fair, on AukuA 25, 26, 27, lor flieep, horned cattle, and linen. It is feated on the river Ny?;, similes W, N. W. ofYoik, and 1S3 N. by W. of London. Lcn. i. iif W,lat. 54- 6.N. • Rip LEY, a village in Derbyfliire, with one fair, on Oiitober X3> tor horfes and horned cattle. RippoN, a town in the W. riding of Yorkftiire. with a market on Tiiurfdays, and 6 fairs, on Thurfday after January 24, on Thurfday after March 21, on May 12, and n, Holy.Thurfday, firft Thurfday after Auguft It, and November 22, for horfes and fheep. It is feated on tf e river Yore, over which there are two l^rldgc;, and is an ancisnr place, famous for its religious houfes. It is at prefcnt a large well-built corporation, fends two members to parlia- ment, and has a church as magnificent as a cathedral, adormed with three lofty fpires. It is 26 miles N. W. of York, igp N. N. W. of London, and is noted for its manu- factures of hard-ware, particularly fpurs. Lon. I. 16. W. lat. 54. iz. N. • Riq.uixR, an ancient town of Fiance, fh Picardy, and in the county of Pontliieu, with a celebrated abbey feated on the ri- ver Cardon, 5 miles N. E. of Abbeville, and 95. N. Paris. Lon. i. 51. E. lat. 50. 19, * Ris, a town of France, in Bourbon- rois, and in the eledion of Gannat. It is feated on a hill, half a mile from the river AHier. RisBORoucH, a town of Buckingham' (hire, with a market on Saturdays, and one fair, on May 6, for cattle. It is feated on the hills 14 miles S. of Aylefbury, and 34 W. N. W. of London. Lon. o. 40. W. lat. 51. 40. N. R1SENBIR6, the higheft mountain in Si- lelia, wherein are mines of tin, copper, iron, and vitriol ; as alfo, fome gold and filver, and feveral forts of precious ilones ; many rivers have their fources here, and it is feated between the countries Jawn and Bohemia. RiTBuRC, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia, and capital of a county of the fame na'^e, about 15 miles in length, and 5 in breadth. It has a caftle, and is feated on the river Embs, 10 miles W. of Paderborn, and 35 S. E. of Munfler. Lon. 8. o.E, lat. 51. SO' ^' RivA, a fmall ftrong town of Italy, in the bifhoprick of Trent. It was taken by the French in 1703, who abandoned itfoon after. It is feated at the mouth of a fmall fiver, on the Lake Carda, 17 miles S, W. ROC of Trent. Lon. ro. 47. W. lat. 45. 48. N» Rivadca. See Bibahro. RiVAt>£C, a fea-port tcwn of Spain, i« Galicia, 7 miles N W. of Oviedo. I on« 7. II. W. la-. 43. 41. N, ' Rival Lo, a handfome town of I'aly« in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Terra di Lavoro, feated on a mountain, zo miles fiom Naples. • RivK3ALTBs, z towo of France, in , Roufillon, and in the diocefe of J'erpignan, feated on the river Egly. It is famous for its fine wine, * Riviere, a town of France, in Fo« rez, and in the election of St. Etienne. RivixreVerdun, a territory of Fi ance, which makes part of Armagnac, near the county of Comminges. It lies along the ri- ver Garonne, and forms an election. • RivoLi, a town of Italy, in Pied- mont, with a magnificent caAle ; 7 Inilea W. of Turin. Lon. 7. 31, E* lat. 44. 50* N. RivoLO, a town of Italy, in the Vero- nefe, feated on the £. fide of the Lake Garda, ao miles W. of Verona, .'>nd fub- je£t to Venice. Lon. 11. I.E. lat. 45. 36. N. * RsA, a flrong town of Spain in OIJ Caftile, with a citadel and a handfome ca- Ale. It is fea'ed on the river Douero, in a country fertile in corn and wine, 10 miles S. W. of Aranda, and 75 N. of Madrid. Lon. 3. 15. E. lat. 41. 4S. N. • Road, a village in Somcrfetfhire, with one fair, on Monday after AuguA 29, for cattle and cheefe. Roan. See Rovbn. RoANOAK, an iiland of Nr America, nearthecoaftof N.Carolina, in Albemarle- county. Here the Englifli firft attempted to fettle in 1585 ; but for want of being fupplicd with provifions, were forced to. abandon it. Lon. 75. o. W. lat. 35. 40. N* RoANOAK, a river of N. America, which rifes in Virginia, runs through Carolina, and at length falls into, the fea, where ic forms a long narrow bay, called Albemarle'9 Sound. * Robin Eiland, an ifland in Africa, near the Cape of Good Hope, lying at the entrance of the Table Bay. It is 8 miles in circumference, but net inhabited. Lon. io» 2. £. lat. 33. 40. S. ♦ RoBiL, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and in the duchy of Mecklenburg, feated on (he river Ma- retz. • Rocca-d'Anfo, a ftrong town of Italy, in the territory of Venice^ and in the Brelfano, feated on the lake Idro, 25 miles S.E. li ROC S, Z. pf Trent. Lon. lo. 27. E. lat. 45. 50 V. • RoccA-D'ANNONt, »nd Roc c a-d'A- »Azzc, are two forts of I'aly, in Montfer- fit, each of which are feateu on a moun- tain, in the road from Aftt to Alexandria. * Koch-Bkrmard, a town of France, |n Brittany, and in the diocefe of Nantes, fcated on the river Villaine, 10 miles from |l» mouth, with (he title of a barony. Rochdale, a town in Lancafhire, with a market on Tuefdays, and three fairs, on Hay 14, Whit-Tuefday, and November 7, for horned cattle, horfes, and wooUen-cIoth, It is feated in a vale on the river Roch, and b but a fmall place, though the market is very confiderable. It is 55 miles W. S. W. «f Yo(k, and 175 N. N. W. of London. Lon. a. 6. W. lat. 53. 36. N. Roche, an ancient town of the Nether- lands, in the duchy of Luxemburg, and in the foreft of Ardenne, with a flrong caQle fpated on a rock, near the river Ourte, as miles S. of Liege, and 32 N. W of Luxem> burg. Lon. 5. 51. £. lat. 50. 5. N. Roche, a ftrait to tlie S. of America, 360 miles E. of that of Le Maire, in lat. 35. 5. S. It was paired through in 1675, by a captain of the fame name, in his re* turn from the S. Sea to Europe. * Roche, a village in Cambridgefhire, with one fair, on Rogation^Monday, for horfes. * Roche-Chouart, a town of France, in Poitou, with the title of a duchy and a caftle on the top cf a mountain, on the de* clivity of whicti the town is feated, on a fmall river that falls into the Vienne. It is €% miles S. by E. of Poitiers, and 205 S. by W. of Paris. Lon.o. 55. £. lat. 4$. 43. N. * RocHE-DiRiEN, a townofFrance, in Brittany, 5 miles ftom Friguere, famous for the fisgcs it has fuftained, and for the battle fought here in 1 347. Roc H roan, a town of Eflex, in a hun- dred of that name, which formerly had a market, and has now two fairs, on Eafter- Tuefday, for toys, and on the Wednefday ,«fter Michaelmas-day, for wholefale tay- lors, glQvers, and toys. It is 10 miles S. of Maiden. Lon. o. 40. £. lat. 51. 35. N. RocHEroRT, a handfome and confider- able fea-port town of France, in the terri- tory of Aunis, with a very commodious . harbour, and one of the moft famous in the , kingdom. It is a department of the ma Pine, and has large magazines of naval ftoret. There is alfo one of the fineft hails 1 of arms in the kingdom, and a great many . workmen employed in making them ; there ; are alfo foiget for anchors, work-houfes ROC for fhip carpenters, who are eriipioyed in every thing that relates to the fitting oat of fhips, that comes within the compafs of their province. They likewife caft great guns here ; and haveartiftb, whofeemploy« mem is fculpiure and painting. There are alfo ftocks for building men of war, rope- walks, maKazines of provifions and powder, a manufaftory of fail-cloth, an hofpital ^zr failors, and proper places to clean th'- Ihipt* Add to thefe, the houfe of the intendant, the Tquare of the Capuchins, and the fupeib ftrudlure, which contains lodgings for 300 marine guards ; where they are taught the bufinefs and exercifes belonging 10 feamen and officers, who go on board the men of war. It is feated on the river Charente, 4 miles from its mouth ; and the entrance of the river is defended by feveral forts. It is 5 miles S. £. of Rochelle, and 255 S. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 54. W. lat. 4.6. 3. N. RocHEroRT, atownof the AuArianNe* therlande, inCondros, with a handfome ca- ftle. It is featf d among the rocks, on the confines of the biihoprick of Liege, 15 miles S. E. of Dinant, and 50 N W. of Luxem- burg. Lon- ;, 15. S. lat. 50. 9. N. RocHE-FoucAuv, a town of France, in Angoumois, with a caftle, and the title of a duchy ; feated en the river Tardouere, 12 miles N. W. of Angouleme, and 138 S« by W. of Paris. Lon. o. »8, E. lat. 45* 45. N. RocHXLLi.a handfome, large, flreng, ricri^ and celebrated city of France, capital of the territory of Aunis, with a very com* modiousand faf« hat hour, a bifhop's fee, a collegi for humanities, an academy, a fchooi for medicine, anatomy, and botanyi and a mint. The houfes are fine, and fup- ported with piazzas, under which perfons may walk in ail weathers j and the greets in general as ftrait as a line : there are (Seve- ral handfome churches, and other ftruflires, befides a remarkable pump in the fquare of Dauphiny, which throws out the water through feveral pipes. There are no re- mains of the old fortifications, except on the fide of the harbour, where there are bulwarks and ftrong towers, to defend the entrance. The new fortifications are in the manner of Vauban. The inhabitant;^ carry on a confiderable trade, efpecially in wines, brandy, fait, paper, linen-ciuih, and ferge. Lewis XIII. took this place from the Hugue- nots in 1628, after 13 months fiege. It is feated on the ocean, 67 miles S. by E. of Mantz, and 2 58 W. S. W. of Paris. Lon. I. It. W. lat. 46. 10. N. * Roche Machkran, a town of the Netherlands} in the duchy of Luxemburg, with with a very ci Luxemburg ♦ Roche- Toorain, feat remarkable foi 57. £. lat. 4( •. ROCME- \ti Poitou, w feated near tl of Luzon, anc 23. W. lat. ROCHEST markets, on two fairs, oi for horfes, b rnodities. It over which bridi;e, wit copings. It aide' men, an ftnds two m ancient place than at pief< great import and there ar priory. It handfome ca built with about 700 h tants. It I ftreet which The houfes brick, and i keepers: it but no fort here. It called the 1 School. T for 6 poor \ a fupper, a pence to ci ney ; but orifc night, place and miles N. \ S. E. by E 51. It. N • Roc ny, in S; fick, wit handfome * Roc ns, \?hicl whenc«' i Tonqoin, China. Rock fliire, w one fair, A)eep, he It it fea; ROC with a very ftrong adle, i j miles N. B. of Luxemburg. Lon. 6. X5. E»lat. 46. 36. N. • RocHi-PosAY, a town of France, in Tourain, feated on the river Creufe, and is remarkable for its mineral waters. Lon. o. 57. E. lat, 46. 45. N. •. RocHK-SuR-YoN, a town of France, in Poiiou, with the title of a principality ; feafed near the river Yon, ji miles N. W. of Luz3n, and zi3 S. W. of Paris. Lon. i. 43. W. lar. 46. 38. N. Rochester, a city of Kent, with two markets, on Wcdnefdays and Fridays, and two fairs, on May 30, and December 11, for horfes, bullocks, and all forts of com- modities. It is feated on the river Medway» over which there i? a very handfome ftone bridge, with Arong iron woik on the copings. It is governed hy a mayor, 12 aldetmen, an') iz common councilm-;n, and fends two members to parliament. It is an ancient place, and wn.s formerly much larger than at piefent. Its caflie rendered it of great importance ; but it is now in ruins : and there are here alfo fome remains of a priory. It is a bilhop's fee, and has un handfome cathedral, with 3 parish churches, built with ftone and flints. It eontaint about 700 houfes, and about sooo in^abi- tants. It confifts of only one principal ftreet which it wide, and paved with flints. The houfes are generally well-built with brick, and inhabited by tradefmen^nd inn- keepers : it has alfo four narrow ftreets ; but no fort of manufa£lory is carried on here. It has two free-fchools, the one called the King's, and the other the City School. There i.s here alfo an alms's-houfe for 6 poor travellers, who are fupplied with a fupper, a bed, and breakfaft, with four- pence to carry them forward on their jour- ney ; but they are to flay no longer than one night. Stroud is at the W. end of this place and Chatham at the eaft. It is x^ miles N. W. by W. of Canterbury, and 30 S. E. by E. of London, Lon. o 34 E. lat. 51. ti. N. • Roc H I L z, an ancient town of Germa- ny, in Saxony, and in the circle of Leip- lick, with a caftle, copper-mines, and an handfome bridge over the river Muldaw. • RocKBo, a large river of Afia in Chi- na, vrhich rifes in the province of Yunnan, whence it runs S. through the kingdom of Tonqojn, and falls into the bay of Cochin- China. RocKiNCHAM, a town of Northampton- fliire, with a maiket on Thurfdays, and one fair, on September 2^, for hoife*, cows, Iheep, hogs, pewter, black hats, and cloaths. It ii feated on the river Weland, which fails ROG into the tlrer Nen, and ^»s formerty o| note for its caftle, long flnce demolifhed. Ic is 12 miles S. of Oakham, and 83 N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 50. W. lat .51. 30. N, • RocKiNGHAusiN, a town of Germa- ny in the Lower Palatinate, near Faikenftein. • RoKisAw, a town of Germany, in Bohemia, in the circle of Pjifen. It was taken and burnt in the year 1421, but it has fince been rebuilt. • Rocovx, a village of the Netherlands, near Liege, remaikable for a battle fought here onOdlober 1 1, 1746, when the Fiencli gained the viAory. • RocRov, a town of France, in Cham- • pagne, and in the Retelois ; feated in a plain, furrounded by forefts, on the con- fines of Hainhault, 7 miles from the river Maefe, and 25 N. of Rethel. Lon. 4. 37. E. lat. 49. 56. N. • Roosts, a town of Afia, in the domi- nions of the Mo«;ul, and kingdom of Bengal. It is a very ftrong place, and feated on a mountain, 340 miles S. E.ofPatna. Lon. 70. 33. E. lat. 25. 22. N. • RoDBiTo, orRoDosTO, orRuBiSTO, a town of Turky in Europe, in Romania, with« harbour, and a G€ name ; feated at the confluence of the rivers Nleper and Oidrwa, 37 miles N. W. of Rzeczica, and 1 38 N. of KJoff, or Kiow. Loa. 31. 40. E. lat. 53. 12. N. Rohan, a town of France, in Bretagne, and in ilie dioccfe of V»n, with the title of a ducliy ; feated on the river Aoufl, 25 miles N. W. of Vannes. Lon. z. 52. W. lat. 4S. z. N. RoL Dvc, a town of ihe Auftrian Nether- lands, in t)ie duciiy of Limburg, and ca- pital of a territory of the fams name, with a caftle ; 12 miles £. of Valkenborg^ and 8 N. of Aix la Ciiapblle. Lon 6. 20. E. lat. 30. 52. N. • RoM, or RoEM, an ifland of Den- ma k, on the eaflein coafl of S. Jutland, be wen thofe cf Manoe and Sylt. It is 5 mies in length, and half as much in breadth, ard contains a fev villages, RoMAGNA, a province of I'aly> in the p. pe's territories, bounded on the N. by t e Ferrarefe ; on the S. by Tufcany and the ♦ duu' y of Uibino j on the E. by the Gulph of Venice j ai)d on the W. by the Bolog- nefe and a part of Tufcany. It is feitilein ■ com, wins, oil, fine fruits, and panares. It has al o mines, mineral waters, and falt- wo;ks, which make its principal revenue. Ravenna is the capital town. * RoMAiN-LE Puv, St. a town of France, in Forez, and in the election of Mont Biifun. * Roma in-Motier, a fmall handfome town of Swifferland, in the territory of Homand, and capital of a bailiwick, with a calllc. It is feated in a valley at the foot of a high mountain. * lloMAND, a territory of SwifTcrland, bounded on the S. by Valiais and Savoy ; on :he W. by the territory of Gex ; and on the £. by the Franche Comte It extends to the cantons of Berne and Friburg, and is of a triangular figure ; 60 miles in length, and divided into 13 bailiwicks. Romania, a province of Turky in Eu- rope, bounded on the N. by Bulgaria ; on the E. by the Black Sea ; on the S. by the Archipejago and the fea of Marmora ; and on the W. by Macedonia and Bulgaria ; be- ing 200 miles in length, and 150 in breadth. It wa> formerly called Thtace, and is the principal and iargeft of all the provinces the Turks pofTcfs in Europe. It is a fruitful country in com and failures, and there are ROM mines of fliver, lead, and alum. Ii is d1^ vided into three great governments or fan- giacates} namely, Kirkel, of which Phili- puli is ihc capital j Galipoli, whofe capita^ is of th« fame name ; and- Byzantium, or B)zia, or Viza, of which Conftantinople is the capi'al. The Turks befiow the name of Romelia on all the territories they polfefs in Europe. * Rom A NO, a f^rong and populous town of Italy, in Bcigamafco, and which carries on a groat trade in corn It is feated on a river that runs betvveen the Gglioand the Serio. Romans, a town of France in Dauphi. ny, and in Vtennois. It is an ancient place, moderately large and populous, and lias fome trade. There is a handfome wooden briclge, which joins the town to the fuburbs, over the river Ifere, on which it is feated. It is 25 miles S. W. of Grenoble, and 30 S. of Vienne. Lon. 5. 7. £. lat. 45. 6. N. Rome, a famous city of Europe, foynded 750 years before the birth of Cl-rifl. It was formerly tlree times as large a^ it Is at prefent, and is now one of the largeA and liandfomcfl ciics in Europe. It has 28^ gates, 300 towers, as many churches, 6 biidges over the Tiber, and about 150,000 inhabitants. There are a great many monu- ments of the ancients; fuch as baths, «be- liOcs, amphitheatres, cirques, columns, mau- foleums, aqueducts, fountains, catacombs, pagan temples, and triumphal arches j be- tides a prodigious number of fine itatuest The pope has tliree fuperb palaces, namely, that of the Vatican, which ftands by St. Peter's church, where he re(i(!es in winter, They reckon 560 apartmen's in it, and 3 galleries, one above another. The garden has delightful walks, groves of orange trees, water-wo^ks, and many t.ther fine orna- ments. His fumraer-houfe is built on Mount Cavalio ; and the third is the palace of the Lateran, near the church of St John, where t!>ey crown the popes. St. Peter's church Is the largeft in all Chriftendom ; and is in- crulled within and without with maible. It is 840 feet in iengtii, 715 in breadth, 300 in height, and 246; in circumference ; 23 popes ha^e died fince its foundation ; and it has cotl twenty three millions of crowns. In the great fquare before this church is ai^ obe- lifk of granite, 80 feet in height without the pedcftal, which is 82 feet high. The church of St. John Lateran is the cathedral of the bifliop of Rome, and adjoining to it is tlie Scala Santa, which has z8 fleps of white marble, on which every one mufl afcend on their knees, becaufe they pretend it is the fame Chrift weM up in the palace of t^^ high It. 4< * P It it oV s or fan- ich Phili. fe capita^ itium, or ancinople the name ■y poH'efs ous town arrieson n a river e Seiio. l^auphi. ancient 3US, and andfome n to the lich it is Jrtnoblc, '. E. lat. ROM R O S fiigb prieA Caiphas. The Rotonda is very rtmarkable for having no pillar ; and was a temple of the ancient Romms, called the Pantheon, Ic is now dedicated to the Vir- gin Mary, and All Saints.} but a few years ago the roof unhappily fell in, to the great damage of that ancient flr^fture. The li- brary of the Vatican is the lareeft and mofl complete in the world, efpecially £nce th.ic of Heidelberg was carried to Rome, above loo years ago. There is a vart number of manufcripts in all languages, and of all ages, befides exr-.l|ent piif^ures by the befl 4Tiaflers. Ro'Vie is divi'^d mto 14 wards, calkd Rione i and the ca(\le of St. Angelo is fufhcient to keep the whole ciry in awe. It is built near the river Tiber, is flanked with ; ballions, and defended by a great number of cannon. In the middle is a large tower, oiled the Maufoleum of Adrian, and was built by him for a fepulchre. Here they keep the archives and treafure of t^.e church : and there is a fubterranean pafTage tii it from the Vatican. There are a great number of magnificent palaces, the moil re- jnarkable of which are ihofe of Farnefc and Borgiiefe. But what is as remarkable as any thing at Rome, are the hofpitals where they take caie of the poor, the fick, and the unfortunate ; here aie not only hof- ^itals for each particular nation, but there are houfesofchaiity for widows, old maids, women that have bad hufbands, and repent- ing proftitutes. The univeifity called the .Sapienza, is not much frequented ; but the Jefuit's, called the Roman College, has a pretty large number of ftudents. Rome is faid to take up as much ground as Paris within the walls ; bur then it is not all in- iiafeited, for there are many gardens and vineyards. The inhabitants are faid to be very polite, and far from bigotry, though the contrary migh't be expe£led. Rome is very well fupplied with water by their mag- fliticent aqueduds and fountairs ; and there is plenty of all forts of provifioni:, with a great variety of wints ; but a price is fei upon every thing by the magiftraves. Rome has been feverai tfrnes taken, pillaged, and burnt, by the Goths, Vandals, and other nations, and laft of all, by the emperor Charles V. which is the reafon it tiasloft fo mudh of its ancient fpiendor. It is feated on the river Tiber, which runs through a part of it, and it is 670 miles S. E. of Pa- ris, 450 S. W. of Vienna, 900 S. by E. of London, 875 S. by £. of Amfierdam, 6315 S, by W. of Cracow, 750 N. E. of Madrid, and 750 N. W. of ConfVantinople. Lon. XX. 4$. E. lat. 41. 54. N. * R0MHtl.o£^, a lownof Germany, in Franconia, with a caflle. It belongs to the duke of Saxe Altenburg. RoMNEY, a town in Kent, with^ mar- ket on Thurfdays, and one fair, on Aueufl ti, for pedlars vvare. It is one ot the cinque port towns, and is feated in a marOi of the fame name, famous for feeding cattle j but tile air is unliealthy. it was once a very large place, containing 5 churches, a prio- ry, and an hofpital but fmce the fea has retired, it is reduced to a fmall place. * RoMONT, or RoNDMONT, an hand- fome and rtrorg town of SwifTerland, in the canton ot Friburp ; feated orva moun- tain, 10 miles from Fnburg, and i: from Bern. Lon. 7. 25. £. lat. 46. ;o. N. * RoMOR ANT'iN, a town of France, in Blaifois, and in l^ologne, with acaftle j 4; miles E. of Tours, and looS. by W. of Pa- ris, Lon. I. 47. E, ht. 47. xo. N. RoNciGL loNE, a town of Italy, and capital of a fmall dillridl of the fame name, in the Popt's territories. It Is feated on the river Tercia, near a lake of the fame name, ra miles S. of Viterbo, and 17 N. by W. of Rome. Lon. 12. 15. E. lac. 4£. 15. N. Ron DA, a handfome and flrong town of Spain, in the kingdom of Gt.'snada, on the frontlets of Andalufis, with a caflle. iC was taken from the Moors in 148;, and is feated on a craggy rock near the Rio Verde, to miles N. W. of Gibraltar, and 6a S. E. of Seville. Lon. 4. 51. W. lat. 36. 32. N. * Rom BY, a populous town of Sweden io Blefingia, furrounded with rocks, and 3 miles from the fea. RoNNE. SeeRouANE. * Ron SEER c, a town of Germany, in the circle of Pilfen, near the river Herftein, with a caflle. * Ro* RoQ^EtAURK, a town of France, in Armagnac, with the title of a duchy. * R0Q.UEIM ADouR, a town of France, in Queicy, and in the diocefe of Cahors. * Roc^u EiM AURE, a town of France, ia Lower Langnedoc, feated on a craggy rock near the Rhone, 5 miles from Avigncn. Lon. 4. 53. E. lat. 44. 3. N. * RosANA, a towo of Pojantff m LU S $ s 2 ^t)ania| I R O S tVoania, and in the pa)a(in«tc of Novegro* < dec ; full of very handfome buildings, and fratednear the rivtr Zolva, »o miles S.W. cf Novogrodec. Lon.sf. 35. E.lat. 53. lo. N. * RosAV, a town of France, in Oiir, with a magnificent caflle near it. It is 15 miles from Meaux, and %o frcm Paris Lofl. 2. 57. £. lat. 4%. ^o. N. RosBACH, a tuwn of Germany, in Sax> ony, famous for a vidiory obtained here by the kingofPiuffia over the French on No vember 5, 17 $7, in which 10,000 of the Ffcnch were killed and taken prifoners, with the lofs of no more than 500 Fruflians. RoscHiLD, a (own of Denmaik, in the ifle of Zealand, with a biOiop's fee, and a fmall univerfity. It is famous for a treaty concluded here in 1658 ; and in the great church there are feveral tombs of the kings of Denmark. It it feated at the bottom of a fmall bay, 1 5 miles S. W. of Copenhagen, and 65 S. E. of Arhu/s. Lon. la. 20. £. lat. 55.40. N. RoscoMNOK, a county of Ireland, in the province of Connaughr, 50 miles in length, and a8 in breadth ; bounded 6n the £. by Longford and Eaft-Meath ; on the N. by Sligo and Lecrim ; on the S. by Gal way ; and on the W. by aaother part of Galway, and Mayo. It is a level, fruitful ceuntry and by the help of good hufbandfy yields cpccalUnt corn. It contains 8780 houfes, 59 parifhes, 6 baronies, 3 boroughs, and fcndt 8 memb^ert to pailiaxnent. The prin- cipal town is Athlone. RosEBKuGCK, a towH of the Nether- lands, in Flanders, 1 1 miles N. W. of Ypres. 1,00. t. 35. E.lat. 50. 55. N. RosiNFELD, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and duchy of Wirtem- berg, feated on the river Tayeh, la miles S. W. of Sultz. Lon. 8. 4 9. E.lat. 48. to. N. Roses, a town of Spain, in Catalonia and Emperdan, with -a harbour, defended by a ftrong citadel. It ii feated near tlie . Mediterranean Sea, on the bay of the fame name, 17 miles N. £. pf Gironne, and 6z N. E. of Barcelona. Lon. 3. 13. £. lat. 4a. 4. N. RosxTTo, a town of Africa, in Egyp^ feated on the weftero branch of the river Nile ; the Egyptians call it Rafc^id, and account it one of the pleafantcft places in Xgypt. It is near two miles in length, and * lias not above two or three ftreets. Any one that fees (he hills about Rofetro, would judge that they were the ancient barrieis or ihe fea^ and conclude that the Tea has no' loft more groqod than the fpace between tre . hills and the water. They h.'tve a grear maiWifaAory of ftiip#d and other coarfe lin- P o s nens} but the chief bufineft of the place is (he caniage of goods from hence to Cairo ; for all European mtrchandizes are brought hither from Alexandria by (en, and thence carried by boats to Cairo. The Europeans liave their vice confuls and fa Aors here, who tranCa^t bufinefs. The coun ry to the N. has delightful gardens, full of orange, le- mon, and cition trees, and almoft all forts of fruits, with a variety oi groves of palm- teatly to the beauty of tlie country. It is 25 miles N. £. of Alexan- dria, and 100 N. W. of Cairo. Lon. 41. 35. E. lat. 31, 10. N. RosiENNX, a tuwn of Poland, inSamo- gitia i feated on tise river DubifTe, 62 miles S. of Mirtau, and 188 N. £ of Wacfaw. Lon. 24. t2. E. lar. 55. ao. N. RosiBKs-A vx-Sal iNxs, a town of France, in Lorrain, and in the bailiwick of Nancy, famous for its falt-woiks. The woiks that king Staniflau* has made here are much admired. It is feated on the ri- ver Muerr, 5 miles S. E. of Nancy, and 1 ^o S. E.ofParif. Lon. 6. 27. E. lat 48.32.N. • RosLtv-HiLt, a village in Cumber- land, with a fair on Whit-Monday, anJ every fortnight after till September 29, for boifes, horned cattle, and linen-cloth. Rots, a town of Herefordfhire, with a maj iKt on Thuifday, and 5 fairs, on Holy- Thurfday, for horned cattle and fheep ; on June I ], for horned cattle and cheefe j on July ao, for horned cattle, fhecp, and wool ; on 0£lober 10, for horned cattle, cheeft, and butter ; and on December 1 1, for horn- ed Cattle and hogs. It it commodioufljr feated on the river Wye, and is a handfome to«rn, containing about 300 houfes, and the market is good for corn and cattle, It is 13 miles W. by N. of Hereford, and 117 W. by N. of London. Lon. a. 35. W. lat. SI. 55.N. Ross, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. by Strathnavern } on the £. by Sutherland and the German Ocean } on the S by lovernefs ; and on tbe W. by the Irifh Sea. It has many bays, particularly on tbe weftern coaft, and abouads in woods and palture*, but has li'tle corn } however, there are flocks of (heep, cattle, and deer. It fends one member to parliament. Rossano, a ftrong town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in tbe [Either Ca- labria, with an archbifhop^s fee, and the title of a principality, it it pretty large, well peopled, and feated on aft eminence furrcuoded with rocks, 3 miles from the gulph of Venice, and 140 S. E. of Naples. Lop, J 6. 52. S. lat 39. 45. N. Ros.tx, • •> ''■ ROT RoKt, a fea-port town nf Ireland, in the county of Coik, and province ol Mun« tier, feated on a bay of the ocean, it miles W. of Kinfale. Lon. 6. 50. W. lat. jx z. N. Rostock, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and ducny of Mecklenburg, with an univerfity, and a very good harbour. Ic is the befl town in this country, and has good fortifications, With an arfenal. Some years fince the duke has built a ftron< ca.ile, which may be loolted upon as a ci'adel : there are feverai lianiifome church>;s. and it was formerly one of the Hanli;i tic Towns. It is divided info three pans, the Old, the New, and the Middle towns. It is ftill imperial, undi^r the pro'eAion of the duke of Mecklenhure ; is feated on a lake where the river Varne falls inro it, and carries large boats, 3 miles from the Baltic Sen, iz N. W. of Ouftrow, and 70 E. by N. of Lubeck. Lon la. 55. £. lat. 54 8. N. RosTorr, or Rostow, a large town of the RufTun empire, and capital of a terri- tory of the fame name, with an archbi(hop'K fee; feated on the lake Coteri, 95 miles N, E. of Mofcow. Lon. 40. a;. £. lat. 57. ;;. N. The duchy of Roftoff is bounded on the N. by Jaroflow, on the £. by Sutdal, on the S. by the duchy of Mofcow, and on the W. by that of Tuere. Rota, a town and callle of Spain, in An-'alufia j feated at the entrance of the bay of Cadiz, 7 mHei N. of Cadiz. Lon. 4. 40. W. lat. 36. jz. N. RoTiNBuRG, a handfome, free, and Im- perial town of Germany, in I'ranconia, and on the confines of Suabia, with very hand- Tome public buildings j feated on t^e river Tauber, 32 miles W. of Nuremburg, and 1 5 N. W of Anfpach. Lon. 10. 13. E. lat. 49. az. N. RoTENBURO, a town of Germany, in the ciele of Suabia, and in the county of Hoenbcirg, with a caOle. It belongs to the houfe of Auftria, is feated on the river Nec- kar, 8 miles W. of Tubingen, and remark- able for its mineral waters. Lon. 8. 55. £. lat. 48 «5. N. RoTSNBVBfi, a town of Germany, in the iandgravate of HefTe-CafTel, feated on the river Fuid, with a c»Me, Z5 miles S. of Caf- €el. Lon. 9. 30. £. lat. 50. 5^. M. * Roth BUB Y, a town of Northomber- ROT Rothhram, a town in the W. Ridini; of Voikfhire, with a market on Mondays, and two fairs, on Whit-Monday, for horn* ed cattle and fheep ; and on December i, for horned cattle and horfes. It is feated on the river Don, over which there is a handfome done hridi^e. It is a well-bmlc place, and t^e market is lar< Rov- R U D R U I RotsTON,« town of Hertford ftiire, with a market on Wednefdays, and 4 fairs, on A(h- VVedntfday, EafterWednefday, Whit- Wtdnefday, firft Wednefday in July, and the Wednefday after September 29, for all forts of cattle. It is a large place, feated in a fertile vale, full of inns, and the mar- ket very confiderablc for corn. It >• 1 5 miles S. by E. of Huntingdon, and 38 N. of London. There was lately difcovered here, aimofl under the market place, a fubterra- nean chapel of one Rofia, a Saxon lady } it has feveral altars and images cut out of the chalky fides, and is io the formof afu- garloaf, having no entrance but at the top. Lon. o. I. E. lat. 51. 3. N> * RuAsoN, a vilkige of Denbighfliire, in N. Wales, with three fairs, on the laft Fri- day in February, May 12, and November ao, for ca'tle. RuATAN, an iiland of N. America, in the gulph of Honduras, lately planted and fortified by the English, having a good har- bour, proper for fhips that refort to this gulp!) for the cutting of logwood. How- ever, it is now abandoned. * RuBixKA, a fmall, but very ftrong town of italy, and one of the keys of the Modenefe j feated on the river Secchia, 8 miles from Modena. Lon. 10. 55. E. lat. 44. 34. N. RuBiNiNSKoi, a northern province of Ruffia, bounded on the N. by Dwina, on the E. by Syrianas, on the S. by Belozero, and on the W. by the Lske Onega. * RunELSTAT, a town of Germany, in Thuringia, and in the county of Swartz- burg, near the river Sala, with a caftle. * RvDENy a town of Germany, in Weftphalia, feated on the river Moen j it i» on the confines of the bifhoprick of Pa- derborn, and belongs to the eleAor of Co- logne. * RoDKSHtiM, a town of Germany, in the eieAorare of Mentz, and in the Rhin- gow, 3 miles from Bingen, and 3 from Gei- fenheim. Lon. 7. 55. £. lat. 49. $5. N. * RuDGwicK, a village in Suflfex, with one fair, on Trinity- Monday, for horned cattle and (heep. * RuDHAM, a village in Norfolk, with two fairs^ on May 17, and Odlober a, for horfes. * RuDLAM, a village in Flintfhire, in N. Wales, 3 miles N. W. of St. Afaph, with 3 fairs, on February a, March 25, and Sep- tember 8, for cattle. RuDOLFWESD, 3 ftrong town of Ger- many, in Carniola, with an abbey, and the title of a principality, which belongs to the houfe of Auftria j feated on the rirer Gurck, in a country fertile in good wine, it miles N. W. of Merlin, and 45 S. E. of Laubach. Lon. I $. 5c. E. lat. 46. 3. ^7. • Ru«, a town of France, in Picardy« and in the county of Ponthieu, foated on the river Maye, 3 miles from Crotoy. Lon« I. 41. E. lat. 50. 16. N. * Ru EL, a town of France, j miles front Paiis, feated on the river Seine, with a handfome caAle built by cardinal Richlieu^ and now belongs to the duke of Richlieu. RuFFAc, a town of France, in Alface, capital of the territory of Mundat } is feat- ed on the river Rutbach, 7 miles S. of Col- mar, and 17 N. W. of Bafle. Lon. 7. 14; E. lat. 47. 57. N, • RurFECQ., a town of France, in An- goumois, and in the diocefe of Angoulefms, feated on the r ivulet Lieu, with the title of a marquifate. * Ruff OR D, a village in Lancafhire, with one fair, on May i, fer horned cattle. RuGHY, a town of Warwickfhire, with a market on Saturdays, and two fairs, oa Auguft II, and November az, for horfes, cows, flieep, and chccfe. It is a town in- differently large, and has a free-fchool, and four alms-houfes ; 11 miles S. E. of Coven- try, and 86 N. N. W, of London. Lon. i. 15. W.lat. 5X. is.N. RuGELY, a town of Staflfordfhire, with a (mall market on Tuesdays, and two fairs, on June 6 and October 2 1, for horfes, fheep, and cattle ; feated on the S. fide of the ri- ver Trent, near Cankwood, on the road from London to Chefler, and is a good thoroughfare town. It is 7 miles N. W. of Litchfield, and 126 N. W. of London. Lon. 2. o. W. lat.. 51. 45. N. RuGiN, an ifland of the Baltic Sea, on thccoaft ofPomerania, over-againft Stral- fund, about 23 miles in length, and 15 in breadth, with the title of a principality. It is flrong both by art and nature, abounds in corn and cattle, and belongs to Sweden. The chief town is Bergen. Lon. 14. 30. E, lat. 54. 32. N. * RoGENWALD, » handfome town of Germany, in Pomerania, the chief place of the duchy of Wenden, with a handfome caAle. It belongs to the king of Pruflia', and is feated on the river Wiper, 8 miles from the fea, and 3; N. E. of Colberg, Lon. 16. 45. E. lat. 54. 35. N. Rug LAN, or Rutherglin,* town of Scotland, in the county of Clydefdale, 3 miles S. E. of Glafgow. Lon. 4. 7. W. lat. 55.48. N. * Ruishton, a village in Efllex, with one fair, on Whit- Monday, for bullocks and toys. ;■ ■ •Rwiton, R U P * RvtTON, a villiftein Hampfhire, with ons fair, on July 5, for horfei and (heep. Rumelia. See Romania. RvMroRo, a town in ElTcx, with two markett, on Tuefdayt and Wedncfdays, and one fair, on June 94, for cattle. It is a large ihoroughfaie place, with fcveral good inoa, and is noted for its liog-maiket on TueCdays, and its corn maiketon Wednef- days. It is 17 miles W. S. W. of Chelms- ford, and it E. N. E. of London. Lon. c. i». E. lar. 51. 36. N. * Rum ILLY, a handfome town of Sa- voy, featcd in an elevated plain, at the con- fluence of the rivers Seram and Neph*, 5 miles from A nnecy. Tfie French demoli/hed the fort iAca ions in 1630. Lon. 6. 5. E. bt 45. $0. N. RvaiNXY, New, a fmall borough in Kent, which fends two members to parlia ment, and is governed by a mayor and i z jurats. It confiHs of cnly one ftreet, which il broad, and paved with ftones, and con- tains about 100 houfes. RoMtEv, a town in Hampfliire, with a market on Saturdays, and three fairs, on £aAer- Monday, Augal) a6, and November 8, for horfes, cattle, checfe, and hogs. It is {[(oveined by a mayor, 6, aldermen, la burgcHss, a town clerk, recorder, and two ferjeants at mace. It has a very large church, and about 500 houfes. Here is a large naaaafaAory of (halloons, which are efloemed m good as any iit England, and near the town are fevcral paper and com jnilti. It it t miles N. N. W. of Southamp- ton, and 78 W. by S. of London. Lon. 1. 4». W. lat. 51. o. N. Rup>L, a river of the Auflrian Nether- hnda, being the Neckar, fo called after its confluence with the Demer. It runt from E. to W. and falls into the Scheld at Ru- pelmondc. RvpELMONDE, a town of the Auftrian Netherlands, in Flanders, and territory of Maeiland ; feated on the liver Scheld, over- againft the mouth of the river Rupel, S milet S. W. of Antwerp, and si N. E. of Ghent. Lon. 4. 16. B. lat. 51. 8. N. RupiRT, Fort, a fort in N. America, belonging to the Hudfon's Bay company, feated on the E. fide of the bottom of Hud- fon's- Bay. Lon. 80. o. W. lat. ;i. 3 N. * RvPiN, or Rapin, a town of Ger- many, in the marquifate of Brandenburg, and capital of a duchy of the fame name ; it is divided into the Old ard the New. Tlie Old was nothing but an ancient caDle, very well furnifhed, the prefent kin^ of Prullia, Kefore h« father's death, reading there. New Rupin is feated on a lake, and become R U S a confiderable place of trade, with a mana. fac'iory of cloth. It it alb noted for brew. •ri, and it 3 5 miles N. W. of Berlin, and a 7 N. E. of Brandenburg. Lon. 13. 13. £. Ut. 53. o. N. RoRc MONDE, a handfome, populous, and rtrong town of the Netherlands, in Guel- derland, witli a bilhop's fee. It fuffered greatly by fire in 1665, and has been taken and retaken fcveral times in the laie wars. It is feared near the confluence of the rivers Maefe and Roer, and belongs fo the houfe of Aoliiia. It is 15 miles S. W. of Ven- ice, and 70 N. E. of Mechlin. Lon. 6. o. E. lat. 51. 12. N. •Rushlake-Cresw, a village in Suf- fex, with ore fair,, on Odlober 10, for cattle and pedljts ware. Ro 88 K, a river of Ru(ria,otherwife called NifMEN, whicit fee. Russia, the empire of, is a large coun. try, partly in Afia, and partly in Europe ; bounded on the U. by the Frozen Sea ; on the S, by Great Tartary, the Cafpian Sea, and Pcrfia} on the E by the fea of Japan ; and on the W. by Poland and Sweden. There were three countries that had the name of Ruflia, namely, Red RufTia, which now belongs to Poland, and has befote been taken notice of ; White RuiTia, which comprehends the great duchy of Lithuania, which has alfo been defcribed ; and Black Rudia, otherwife called Mufcovy, which is a large country. This empire taken all to- gether, that is, with the conquers lately made in Afia, may be likened to a fquare, whofe fides are 1000 miles each. The feaa of RufTia are, the Baltic, the White Sea, the Frozen Ocean, the Black Sea near the frontiers of Turky, and the Cafpian Sea. There are alfo five large rivers, namely, the Nieper or Bnrifthenes, which runs between Lithuania and Poland, the Wolga, which runs through the middle of the country, and falls irto the Cafpian Sea; the Don, which after fcveral turnings runs into Little Tartary, and falls into tlie fea of Afoph ; the Dune, which running northward falls into the White Sea, and the Oby, which running N. falls into the Frozen Ocean. It may eafily be convinced, that a country of fuch vart extent muft lie in different cli- mates, and that the foil muft be very differ- ent. T!^e moft fertile part is near the fron- tiers of Poland; infomuth that the inhabi- tants are able to fupply their reighbcuit with corn : the N. part is not only mot» cold, but very marchy, and over- run with forefts, inhabited chiefly by wild-beafts. Befides domeftic animals, there are wiid beeves, rehi deer, martens, white and Wack f0XM» R U S foten, wetfels, ermins, and (Men, vt'noCc (km) make the bed furs ia tl'c world ; as alio hya;na«, called by the KufPians rofa- nn>.hi, which fignifies gluttons, for the are vor.icious anim.iN ; tliofc t'lat hunt tiirfe trealurss for their (kins, ufe ro firc-arm«, for ftar of fpoiling tliem. The feas, the Irtkes, and the rivers, fuj'ply the inhabitants witii large quantities of Tifh, of winch they dry part, and fell to the RuiTian monks. There arc a vafl number of fturj^eons, and in fom? places t'ley have melons which weigh 30 pounds weight;. they had very fe\v vines before Peter the Great caufcd fhtm to be planted in d fferent places. ]n Kjfiu there ate alfo I»rg« quantities of cot- ton an t filk, with which they make all forts of ftuffs ; the otiicr mere! andizes are, tkios, furs, Runia-kaiher, talc, tallow, htm]), RufTia-clotii, honey, wax, and al- mollc all the merchandize:} of China, India, I'erfia, Turky, and fome European coun- t'ies It is divided into Wertcrn Rudia. liartern RufTla, Muf.ovite Lapland, and Mufcovits Tartary ; which are again fubdi- vi led into feveral provinces, taken notice of in their proper pla;;e3. The inhabitants in general are robuft, welNfhaped, and of pretty good complexion j they are great eaters, and very fond of brandy ; they ufe bathing, but fmoke no tobacco, left the Tnoke (hould difhonour the images of the flints, which they have in gieat veneration ; however, they take a great deal of fnuff made of the tobacco brought from the Uk- raine. They were formerly the moft igno- rant, brutifh people in tiie world, and many of th-jm are now little better. Formerly no RufTnns were feen in other countries, and tlicy feldom or never fent ambaHadors to foreign courts ; but now the gentlemen are more polite, and Audy the interefls of d.ifcrent nations. Their armies are always very numerous, to which their vii^ories are to be attributed rather than to their valour. They had no men of war, nor merchant (hips, before the reign of Peter the Great ; and he firft fent a fleet into the Black Sea againd the Turks. They then employed their fea-force againft Sweden ; but a fleet of Engli(h men of war fent into the Baltic is always fufficient to keep them in awe. The late emprefs augmented her forces fo much by fda and land, that in the lall war againll the Turks and Tartars (he had con- flderable fuco-efs. Smcc her reign Ruflta has undergone feveral revolutions ; and the court had To little policy, that after the peace in 1739, they fent home a great num- ber of German officers, who had done very great feivice. Formerly the Ru(rian wo- R U S men were (hut up, and their irtd was verjr ridiculous ; likewife a man never faw hit wife before the day of marriage: the wo- men thought they were nevei beloved, un- Icfs their hu(bnnds beat ihcm very often} but now the cafe is greatly' altered, for (hay drefs like the German women, and imitate their manners Their religion is that of the Greeks, and they depended formerly on the Greek patriarch, who refidcd at Conflan-* tinople. When they baptize their children, they plunge them into the water up to th« head. They ufe red wine at the facrament, and give it by fpoonfuls mixed with crumbs of bread ; and for eight days before th« communion they eat no flefh. They will not allow Jcfus Cluift to be an intercefTur} but fay it is the Virgin Mary and St. An- thony that perform this oflnce. They have images in their churches, and believe no man fure of falvation in this life } for which reafon the prieds give a palTport to thofe that are dying, addrefTed to St. Ni- cholas, who is drfiied to intreat St. Peter to open the gates of heaven, as they have i;ertitied that the bearer is a good Chriftian. The church is governed by a patriarch, and under him are four metropolitans, and 8 archbifhops. Every prieft is called a pope, and of thefe there are 4000 in Mofcow only. Formerly he was thought a learned man who could read and write ; but Peter the Great undertook to introduce arts and fciences, and in 1724 thefirf^ univerfity wa9 founded that ever was in Ru(ria; and ther* is alfo an academy of fciences at Peterft>ur<, fupplied with fome of tha bell protefCoTt in Europe. The czar is an abfolute and defpo- tic prince, and all his fubjedls are reckoned Haves ; but this is felt moft by tradefmea and peafants. There are 32 great councils, called in their language pricefdes, and each have their proper department. They can raife at any time an army of 300,000 men, and generally keep 100,000 regular troops in pay. In the reign of the emp'^fs Ca- tharine they had 140 galleys, on which they embarked 30,000 men ; but the water in (he harbour of Crondot being frefh, vef- fels cannot lie there long without rotting* The ordinary levcnue of this va(\ empire is ao,ooo,ooo of ruMes, which is partly drawn from contributions, partly from dtf* ties on merchandizes, and partly froQl farms. The orders of krightiiood are, that of St. Andrew, St. Catharine, and St. Alexander Newfki, which are all of late in* flitution. The punifhment of their crimU nals is very barbarous, nor have they al- ways the privilege of • fair trial, for they extort confcfTions by rtcks and tortures* T 1 1 Thf RYE The towcA- punithment ii the knout, in purfuance of which the criminal is wliipt with inftrumenti thac tear hit fle(h, or beaten with cud^th till be i* not able to ftand. RuTMiN, a town of Denbighfttirc, wiih a market on Mondays, and Ave fairs, on May 19, Fiiday before Wliit-Sunday, Au- guft 8, September 30, and November 10, for cattle, and pedlart ware. It it feated in a vale on the river Cluyd, and had once a dtonf; caftle, now in ruini. It ii well inhabited, has a large hofpital, a free fchool, and the bed market in the Viile. It it IS miles S. W. of Holywell, and 183 N. W. of London. Lon. 3. 10. W. lat. 53. 6. Ri'Tr. ANosHiRR, a county of Fngland, and (he lead of them all, 15 miles in length, and II in breadth. It is bounded on the W. by LeiceAeifhiie; on the N byNotling* hamfhire and Lincolnshire { and on the E. and S. E. by Lincolndiire and Northamp- conlhire It contains i36ohoures, i9,S^o inhabitants, 48 parifhes, and two markets towns, and fends only two members to par* liament, which are for the county. The air is very goof', and the foil rich, produc- ing excellent corn, and feeding a great num- ber of cattle and (lieep. The principal ri- vers are the Welland and the Guafh, in which are plen y of filh. The fhire-town it Oakam. • RuTiGLiANO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Terra di>Bari, 5 miles from the town of that name. Rovo, a populous town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Terr;»-'ii Bari, with a bifliop's fee) zo miles S. W. of Bari. Lon. 16. 35. E. lat. 41, 13. N. Rye,. a town in SulTix, with two mar- kets, on Wednefdays and Saturdays, but no fairs. • It is one of the cinque ports, and is a hanrifome well-built place, governed by a mayor and jurats, and fends two mem- bers to. parliament. It has a church built with Aone, and a town-hall, ar^d confids of three ftreets, paved with ftone. One fide of the town h.is been walled in, and the other is guarded by the fea. It has two gates, and is a place of ccnfiderable trade in the fhipping way. Fiom thence large quantities of corn .nrc exported, and many of the inhabitants are fiflieimen. It is 34 miles S. E. by S. of Tonbridge, and 64 on the fame point from London. The mouth of the haibour is of late choakcd up with land, which, if well opened, would be a ^ood (lation for privateers that cruize againA the French. Lon. o. 50. £ lat i;i.c.N. Ryicate, a town in Surry, with a mar- SAB ket on TueMayt, and .wu fain, en June ], and Sept. 14, for bullnckt and huifcs. It ii fvatcd in a valley called Homcfdale, and had a cadte, now in luins* It is a pretty large place, and fends two member! to parliament. It is 16 niilet E. of Cuild> ford, and 14 S. W. of London. Lon. o. 15. W. lat. 51. 1 5. N. Rviwicx, a lar(>,«! village in Holland, feated between the Hague and Delft, where tie piince of OianRe hat a palace } and it remaikable for a treaty concluded here in 1697, between England, Germany, HoN land, France, and Spain. Lon. 4. 10. E. lat. 5>. t. N. RztcsiCA, a town of Lithuania, capl< tal of a territory of the fame name in White RulTia. It it feated at the confluence of the rivers Wyedizvick and Nieper, 105 miiet N. of Kiow, or Kieff. Lon. 31. 55. E. lat. 50. IX. N. •RzKVA, a town of the Ruflian em- pire, and capital of a province of the fame name, bounded on the N. by the duchies uf Tvere and Mofcow, on the S. by Bitia, on the E. by the palatinate of Vitepik, and on the W. by Plefltow. The town is feated on the river Volga, near itt fource. Lon. 37. 10. E. lat. 55. 56. N. * Theie is another town of the fame name in this province, called Rzeva the De* fart. Lon, 30. 35. E. lat. 56. a. N. S. • CAADAH, a town of Arabia Felix in "^ /*fia, very flronij and populous, and where they make fine Tuiky-Ieather. It is about 108 mil'ss N. £. of Almacharana. Lon. 44. 55. E. lat. 17. 50. N. Saba, an ifland of America, and one of the Caribbees J about la miles in circum- ference, pleafant and feitile, inhabited by a few Dutch families from the ifland of Eu- Aachia, and almoA all Ihoemakers, It lies a little to the W. of St. ChriAopher't. Lon. 63. 35. W. lat. 17. 35. N. • Saba, a town of Afia, in Perfia, and in Irac-Agcmi, on the road from Suitania, to Kom, feated in a large plain. Lon. 65. 25. E. lat. 34 56. N. ♦Sabaksar, a town of the Ruffian empire, in the kingdom of Cazan, to the S. of the river Vwlga, and the ifle of Mok- ritz. * Sabbato, a river of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, which has its fource in the Hither Frincipato, crcfles the Farther Piincipato, and receives the Calore a little below SAC S A H Mow Beneven'o, after whloh It joint the Voltumo in the Term di-Livoro. Saiia, a cape of Africa, on the Bar- biry coaft, in the kinf^rlum cf Tii^oly, and at the bottom of the gi7l()h of Sidra, on the confinei of tl)(.* I as mu h in breadth, wnered by feveral fmall rivers, and abounds in oil and wine. There is no walled town in it, and Mag- liano is the principal place. * Sabionckllo, a peninfula of Dal- matia, in the republic of Ragufa, about 75 miles in circumference. Ic lies to the S. of the Kulph of Narenta, and to the N. of a channel which feparatcs the iflands of Curfol.1 and Meleda. •Sabionitta, a ftrong town of Ita- ly, on the confines of Mantua, and Crt- mona, and capital of a duchy of the fanie name, with a caHle. Ic belongs to the houfe of Aii(lria, and is zo miles £■ of Cre- mona, and lo S. W. of Mantua. Lon. lo. f.^. E. lat 45. 2. N. Sable, an ancient town of France, in Lower Maine, with the titl« of a marqul> fate } feated on the river Sarte, on the con* fines of Anjou, 25 miles U. E. of Anglers, and 135 S. W. of Paris, Lon. o, ao. W, lat. 47. 50. N. Sable, CArr;, the moft foutherly pro- ' vince of Kova Scotia, in N. America, near which is a fine cod-<«g between the gulph of Lepanto, Engia »nd Napoli, as alfo between the duchy of Clarence and the ifthmus of Corinth. Sacca!, * very flrong town, and one of the moll famous in J'pan, with feveral fortified cailles, handfume temples and pa- laces, as well without as within the city. It has !t Harbour, and is feated on the fea- fhore, ha ing a mountain on one fide, which hrvt.s as » rampart. It is 300 miles S. W. •^^«'J*Q, Lon- rir. 15. E, iati 34. o.N. •8ACTii,atown of Italy, in the MarcSt of Ticvifjno, which makf% part of tl;« (!»'• of Venice, and t* calUJ the i^^rdcn ol that republic. SADr.R/MAPATAN. a fca-pOft town of Afia, in the pciiinfnla on ihik fide: ilr^Gan* lte«, and on the coatl of Coromandel, where the Dutch have a fa^ory. It n 41: miles S. of Fort St. George. Lon. So 0. E« Uc. la. 30. N. • SAnuG Ai, a town of Por'ugal, In the province of Deira, with t' e trie of a coun- ty ) feated on ilie river Coa, la miiei from Guarda. • Sat I A, a town of Africa, in Barbary, and in the kingdom of Moiocco, in the province of Duq'v.U, with a caftle. The Portuguefe were iri polTclfun of it a long while, but they foifook it in 1641. It i» a trading place, and furrounded by feveral eminences which command the town. Lon. 7. 55. W, lat. 31. o. N. Sagan, a town of Silefia, and capital of a principality of the fame name, belonging to prince Lobkowr.z. 1; is a prutty (Irong place, well-bui!r, has double walli, a hand- fome caflle, and a \u iory belonging to monks of the Aui^uAine order. There was a jrfuitt college, but it was burnt to tiie (ground in 1730. By the permifTion of the emperor, in 1709 there was a Lutheran fchool found- ed here. It 'ti feated on the rivers Bober and Q^eis, 67 miles N. W. of Bieilaw, and 100 N. by n. of Prague. Lon, 1 5. 37. £. lat. SI.3S.N. •Sacrfs, a very ftrong town of Por- tugal, in the province of Aigarve, with a Lon, 65.1. Uhaibour and a fort, wherein is a ftrong gar- rifon. It is about four miles from Cape St. Vincent, and 125 S. of Lifbon. Lon. 8. 32* W.lat. 36, 50. N, * Sacvknay, a province of N. Ame- rica, lying along the river of St. Lawrence, in Canada, of which Quebec is the capital town. Sacbntvm. SeeMoRVEORO. * Sahaqun, a town of Spain, in the kingdom of Leon, with a rich abbey ; feated on the liver Sea, in a plain fertile in corn, 17 miles from Palencia. Lon. 4. xi. W. lat. 42. 31. N. Sahara, or Zara, a large defert o£ Africa, commonly called the Defart of Bar- bary, and lies to the N. of Negro-Land from the river Albach, uver-ag.iinft the Ca- nary Idands, as far as Egypt and Nubiai It confifts principally of barren burning fands, and is almoft uninhabited, except by people who ranrble from place to place, and live rather like beads than men. Ca- ravans, indeed, pafs over it from Barbary T 1 1 » to S A ! to Nef^ro-Land, but Sometimes meet with no water for 8 or 9 days together } and there fiave been inflances wherein gteat numbers tiave been buried in the fands. Said, a town of Africa, in Uppertgypt, lieatcd on the river Nile, 100 mik-s N. of Cairo. Some authors pretend th.u it is i!>e ancient Thebes. Lon. 32. zo. E. lat. 27. O.N. • Saint Anne, the nime of tlirtc iflands of America, on the co;i.'l cf £iali1, in the bay of St. Lr uis de Maragnan. They art all covered with trees, among wlii'.h there are a great number of birds called boo- bies, which are eafily taken. Lon. 31. 35. W. lat. I. 47, S. • Saint Annb, an iflsnd and harbour of N. America, on t'le coaft of Cdpe Bre- ton. The harbour is good and very large, and the fifhery plentiful. • Saint Ann's Hill, a place in Wilt- ihire, ne.ir the Devizes, with one fair, on Au^ufl 6, for horfes, cheefe, and flieep. • Saint Aviuld, a town of Lorrain, In the bijhoprick of Mentz, with a Bene- dictine abbey. • Saint Dccumans, a viilaire in So- iherfetdiire, with one fair, on Augufl 24, for cattle^ and all forts of gooc^s. • Saint Harmon, a village of Ract- 'rorftlire, in S. Wales, with one fair, on Augufi 15, for fheep, horned cattle, and horfes. • Saint LAwarNCF, a village in Kcht, with one fair, on Auguil ic, for toys. • Saint Marg£rits, a village in Wiltfhire, near Marlborough, with one fair, Oh July 31, for horfes, cows, and fheep. • Saint Marcerits, a village in ■Rent, with onefair, o^n July 31, for breeches, gloves, ribbands, and toys. • Saint Marv-Crav, a village in Rent, with one fair, on September ic, for "toys. • S.MNT NiN ION, a village in Northum- berland, near Fcnton, with one fair, on Sep- tember 27, for black cattle, Hieep, horfes, ftnd merctiants goods, •Saint Stevens, a village in Corn- wall, wiih three fairs, on May 12, July 31, and Sep'cmbcr 25, for horfes, oxen, fheep, cloth, and a few hops. • Saint E8, the name oi" three fmall iflands of America, in the W. Indies, be. tween Guadaloupe ar.d Dominica. Saint Es, an ancient and confidcrable ^own of France, and capital of Saintonge, with a biiTiap's fee. There are feve:al mo- ^••■"nts of ar.tlq.iit/,' of which the mofl nim?u^ are the amphiiheatie, t!ie aquedudts, ^nd l^e lrium|)hal arch un the bridjje over SAL the river Charente. The caflle is fe.Hed on a rock, whi[:h renders it impregnable ; and tl>e cathe^iral chu;ch has one of the laipelt flecples in France. There are feveral con- vents, betides a jefuits college, and an ab- bey remarkable for its flecple, built with frnall /tones, which admits the light. It is featcd on an eminence, 37 miles S. E. of Ro- chelle, and 162 S. W. of Paiis. Lon. 0. 38. W. la*. 45. 38, N. ♦jAiNTONo E, a province of France j bound.d en the E. by Angoumois and Peti- goi.-l, on the N.by Puitou and the teniiory of Aunis,, en the W. by the Ocean, ard on th^ S. by Boutdelois and Giron, about 6z miles in lergtli, and 3 ; in breadth. Ttie livtr Charente runs through the middle cf it, 3nd renders it one of the fineft and inoft fcrtlK* provinces in Franc«, abounding; in ail foits of corn and fruits, and they make the bell fait here in Europe. Sal, an iOand of Africa, and one of the Cape de Verds. It Iie3 to the E. of St. Ni- cholas, and is about 42 miles in circumfer. ence. It has its name from the great quan< tity of fall made here from fea- water, whiJi overflows part cf i: from time to time. It is 300 miles W, of the coaft of Africa. Lon, 23. 35. W. lat. 17. o. N. Sala, a river of Germany, which rifes in Franconia, enters Saxony, and pafTing througli feveral territories, falls into tl>e ri- ver Elb btlow Deffaw. Sala, a town of Sweden, in Wertman- land, en the frontiers of Upland, 30 miles W. of Upfal, and 50 N. W. of Stotkl.olm, It had formerly miaes of filveV, but ti.ey have done working them. Lon. 17. 15. E, lat. 3y. 58. N. Salamanca, an ancient, large, hand- fome, rich, populous, and trading city of Spain, in the kingdom of Leon, with a bi- fhop's fee, and a famous univerfiiy, confift. ing of 24 handfome colleges. The ftruc ture called the fchools, wheie all forts of fciences are taught, is very large and cu- rious, being built with free-ftone. It is adorned with handfome f)ru£lures, magni> ficent churches, a large public fquare, fire fountains, and every thing elf« that can contribute to the beauty and commcdiouf« nefs of a city. There were formerly 700Q nudents, when the Spanifh monarchy was in a flourifhing condition j and there arc now 4 or 50C0 from all pans cf the king- dom. Thti fcholars are all cloathed like priefts, having their heads fhavec^, and caps thereon. In every college are 30 t' at hvci upon the foundation, for they have all large revenues. The cathedral is one of the liandfomcft in Spain, and ha^ a hat ileepie, about aboof vrhich arc alfo fevers belonging to and fome wit partly in a p furrounded v houfes, and ties in the which waftw 300 paces loi out the walls appears from S.E. of Mir N.W. of M 5.N. Salama Mexico, am near the gul of Campeac place, and al 103. 35' W Salami • Salan voy, on the which falls ClufeSt Salank Sclavonia, mark.ible fc ©f Baden ov ed on the I grade, and ; 20. 53. E. * Sale, derable tow Fez, with is famous i the river ( Lon. 6. 3c Salem, land, in ^ Bofton, ai Englilh in lat. 42. 20 Saler town of I and capit: an archbif an univer is feated : name, 2; S.of Ber 45. N. • Sal Auvergti the ctefh * Sa Weftern near a pf filver . •Sai : SAL •bou^ v^hich are galleries to walk in. There arc alfo feveral Ane convents, with churclies belonging to them, adorned with images, and fome with curious pidVures. It is feated partly in a plain, and partly on hills, being furrounded with a wall. It contains 8000 houfes, and 13 accounted one of tliebeftci* ties in the kingiiom. The river Tonnes, which waOies its walls, has a biidgeover it 300 paces long, buili by the llonuns. With- out the walls is a fine Rofit.in caufeway, as appears fr&m the int'cripnonSf It is 37 ntiles S. E. of Miranda, 105 S. of Leon, and SS N. W. of Madrid. Lon. 5. a. W. iat. 41. 5. N. Salamanca, a town of N. America, in Mexico, and in the province of Jucatan near the gulph of Honduras, 140 miles S. of Campeachy. It is now an inconftderable place, and almoft reduced to a village. Lon. joj. 35. W. Iat. 17. 15. N. Salamis. See Colour I. • Saianches, a town of Italy, In Sa- voy, on the Upper FauHigni, on a brook which falls into the Atvo, ix miles N. of ClufeS. Salamkamen, a town of Hungary, in Sclavonia, and territory of Sirmium ; re- markable for a battle gained by the prince of Baden over the Turks in 1691. It is feat ed on the Danube, 20 miles N. W. of Bel- grade, and 25 S. £. of Peterwaradin. Lon. ao. 53. E.lat. 45. 14, N. * Sale, an ancient, Itrong, and confi- derable town of Africa, in the kingdom of Fez, with a harbour and feveral forts. It is famous for its piracies, and is feated on (he river Gucrou, 100 miles W. of Fez. Lon. 6. 30. W. Iat. 34. c. N. Salfm, a fea-purt town of New Eng- land, in N. America, a little to the N. of BoAon, and was the fird fettlement of the £ngli(h in New-England. Lon. 70. 0. W. Iat. 42. zo.N. Salerno, an ancient and confiderable town nf Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and capital of the Hither P. I. cipato, with anarchbifliop's fee, a caAle, a harbour, and an univerfity, principally for medicine. It is feated at the bottom of a bay of the fame name, 27 miles S. E. of Naples, and 30 S. of Benevento. Lon. 14. 43. E. Iat. 40. 45- N. • Salers, a town of France, in Upper Auvergne, feated among the mountains, in the election of St. Flour. * Salhberg, a town of Sweden, in Weftermania, feated on the river Saiha, near a mountain wherein there are mines pf filvcr. '•JALiis^a town of France, in Gafcony, ^ ■ 4 ^ S A L and in Beam, remarkable for hs <]pr{nf^ of f^lt water, wherewith thej make very white fait. • SALicNAc,a town of France in Upper Petigord. Lon. i. 23. K. Iat. 45. 40. N. Salicnas, a town of .'icA,a fea-port town of Turky in Europe, and capital of Macedonia,^ with an archbi- lhop*8 fee. It is ancient, large, populous, and rich, being about 10 miles in circum- ference. It is a place of great trade, ca- ried on principally by the Greek Chriftians and Jews, the former of which have 30 churches, and the latter as manyfynagogues ; the Turks alfo have a few mofques. It is furrounded with walls, Aanked with towers, and defended on the land-(ide by a citadel, and near the harbour with three forts. It was taken from the Venetians by the Turks in 1431. The principal merchandize is (ilk. It is feated at the bottom of a gulph of the 'i SAL fame name, partly on the top, and partljr on the fide of a hill, near the river Vardar, 50 miles N. of LariHTa, and 270 W. of Ccn- Hantinople. Lon. 23. 1 3. £. lat. 40. 41 . N. Salses, a very Orong caftle of France, in RoufTillon, en the confines of Langue- doc. It was taken from the Spaniards by the French in 1642, and is feated on a lake of the fame name, among mountains, 10 miles N. of Pcrignan. Lon. 3. 0. £. lat. 43. 35. N. * Salsetta, an ifland of A(ia, in the E. Indian ocean, near the peninfula on this fide the Ganges, and on the coaft of the kingdom of Decan. It is 25 miles in length, and 12 in breadth, anri is very fertile in rice, fruits, and fugar canes. It belongs to the Portuguefe, and the Jefuits polTefs the beft part of it. Jt has a great many villages and churches, but no town, except an old one called Cora, hewn out of the fide of a rock, wlich is extremely ancient. It Is near a mile in length, and has many antique ti((ures and columns, curiuufly carved in the reck ; at prefent it has no inhabitants, but wild beafis and birds of prey. Tliey have no trade, except in dried filh, becaufeit is fo near Bombay, bein? only f^narated from it by a ciiannel half a mile t.. ', which is fordable at low water. In j *" j,. s Arabs made a defccnt here, and k ,".; it ra- vages, burning the villages anu churches, and killing the priefts. They alfo carried away 1400 people into da very. In 1720 the priefts wanted to diflurb the EngliOi ; but a bomb being thrown into one of the churches, and killing a few people, made them quiet. In 172s, they wanted to be troublefomeagain, but after 40 of them were (lain, the reft ran away. Lon. 7a. 15. E* lat. 19. o. N. S A L 8 N N A , a to wn of Spain, in Catalo- nia, feated on the river Lobregat, 46 miles N. W. of Barcelona. Lon. i. a5.<£. lat. 41. 50. N. * Salta, a town of S. America, in Tu- cuman, which carries on a great trade in corn, wine, and cattle. It belongs to the Spaniards, and is 37 miles from Eftreco. Lon. 63. ac. W. lat. 25. 50. S. Salt ASH, a town of Cornwall, with a market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on Fe- bruary, and Au^ufl 5, for horfes, oxen, (beep, cloth, ami a few hops. It is feated on the defcent of a deep hill, and corfifts of three ftrcets, which are wafhed clean by every fhower of rain. It is a corporation, has fome trade, efpecially in mall, and fends two members to parliament. It is 6 miles N. by W. of Plymouth, and 226 W, by S. of London. Lon, 4. 30 W.lat. 56. oN. •Sait- • Sa?.tea circle of Low « of Magdeburg fait- pits, and Lon. IS. !• £ Saltzbvi town of Ccrr and capital of belonging to who is a fove well built, ai on a mounta is afupeib fti den, adorned uncommon houfe, but apartments, reckoning th( are tive ftqri the univerfi< monks. In for young ge fine, and we It is feated < miles S. of Vienna L Near it are great reveni * Saltj that name, i ed on the ^ ftriaj on t' on the W. I Is a mounta tile, and C( and iron, and 60 in I the fame n: • SAtV the kingdoi of Sogno, king refide feated on : £. lat. 5. • Sal^ and handf( with an a it is the r tains fevei tants are y fuperftitic trade. 1 high, an( ing built are large, of a grea flowers. tobacco, and trail on the bour is SAL SAM * Sa;.tca, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and in the duchy of Magdeburg. It takes its name from the falt-pic8, and ii i» miles from Magdeburg. Lon. II. I. E. lat. 52. 2;. N. SALTZBuac,a large, ancient, and flrong town of Germany, in the circle of Bavaria, and capital of a territory of the fame name, belonging to the archbilhop of SaUzburg, who it a fovereign prince. It is populous, well built, and defended by a caAle, feated on a mountain. The archbifhop's palace is a fupeib ftruQure, has a magnificent gar- den, adorned vith Aaiues, and planted with uncommon trees. This is his fummer- houfe, but that for winter contains 163 apartments, all richly furniflied, without reckoning the halls and galleries. The houfes are tive ftqries high, but the (Ireets narrow ; the univerfity depends"^ on the BenediAine monks. In 1737, a college was built here for young gentlemen. The cathedral is very fine, and. well built, containing five organs. it is feated on both fides the river Saltz, xj miles S. of Paflaw, and 155 W. by S. of V::r.n2. Lon. 13. 15. £. lat. 47. 4a. N. Near it are falt-works, which bring in a great revenue. * Saltzburg, the archbifhoprick of that name, is a country of Germany, bound- ed on the N. by Bavaria ; on the E. by Au* Aria ; on the S. by Carinthia and Tyrol ; on the W. by the fame, and by Bavaria. It Is a mountainous country, but pretty fer- tile, and contains mines of copper, iiiver, and iron. It is about 70 miles in length, and 60 in breadth } the principal town is of the fame name. * SALVADoa, a large town of Africa, in the kingdom of Congo, and in the province of Sogno, with a large palace, where the king refides, and a Portuguefe bifhop. It is feated on a craggy mountain. Lon. 14. 15. £■ lat. 5. o. S. * Salvador!, St, a large, populous, and handfome town of S. Annerica, in Brafil, with an archbifliop's fee, and feveral forts it is the refidence of the viceroy, and con- tains feveral religious houfes. The inhabi- tants are voluptuous, proud, ignorant, and fuperftitious, but carry on a confiderable trade. The houfes aie two or three (lories high, and the walls thick and Arong, be- ing built with ftone. The principal ftrects are large, and there are many gardens, full of a great variety of fruit-trees, herbs, and flowers. The chief commo : 'ie« are fu^ar, tobacco, woods for dyers, raw- hides, tallow, and train oil. It is feated on an eminence, on the bay of All-Saints, and the har- bour is juil beluw it. Lon. 38, o. W. lat. T). o. S. * Salvages, is the name of two fmall iflands, between Madeira and the Canaries. Tiiey have no inhabitants, but a vaft num- ber of Canary birds. * Salvatat, a town of France, in Rouergue, in the ele^ion ot Ville Frmche, feated near a rivulet. Salvatkbra, a town of Portugal, in EAremadura, feated on the river Tajo, and where there is a royal palace. Lon. 7. 51. W. lat. 38. 59. N. * Salvatierra, a very Arong town of Portugal, in the province of Beira, feat- ed on the frontiers of Spanifh Eftremadura. It was taken by the French in 1704, and by the allies in 170;. It is feated on the ri- ver £lia, 12 miles N. £. ot Alcantara, and 37 S. W, of Placentia. Lon. 5. 47. W. lat. 39. 33. N. Salvatierra, a town of Spain, in the kingdom of Galicia, and on the frontiers of Portugal, feated on the river Minho, 30 miles N. W. of Brague, and 58 S. of Com- poftella. Lon. 8. 5. W. lat. 41. 48. N. * Salvatierra, a town of Spain, in Bifcay, and one of the principal places of the province of Alava. It is feated at the foot of Mount St. Adrian, 2 1 miles E. of Victoria. Lon. %, 17. W. lat. 42. 50. N. Saluzzo, a town and cadle of Italy, in Piedmont, and capital of a marquifate o£ the fame name, with a bifhop's fee ; the ca- thedral church is very magnificent and rich. It is feated on an eminence, at the foot of the Alps, near the river Po, 22 miles S. by W. of Turin, and 15 S. E. of Pignerol. Lon. 18. 27. E. lat. 44. 35. N. The French call it Saluces, and it is fubjeft to the king of Sardinia. * Saluzzo, the marquifate of, is a pro- vince of Italy, in Piedmont, bounded on the N. by Dauphiny, and the province of the four valltys ; on the E. by thofe of Sa- viglano and FofTano ; on the S. by that of Cona, and the county of Nice ; and on the W. by Barcelonetta. It was ceded to the duke of Savoy in 1601. * Samarand, a town of Afia, in the E. Indies, feated on the eaftern part of the ifland of Java, and is very populous. Samarcand, or Sarmacand, an an- cient, large, Atong, handfome, famous, and populous town of Afia, capital of a kingdom of the fame name, in the coun- try of the Ufljetk Tartars, with a caftle and a famous univeifity. The houfes are built with Aone, and it was the feat of the fa- mcus Tamerlane the Great. It cairies on a traue in excellent fruits, aod is pleafantly feated SAM feated near the river Sogde, which runs into the rLver Amo, lao miles E. by N. of ftukh«ria. Lon. 69. o. £. lat. 39. 50. N. * 8ama«Ii or Tampa y, an illand of AC\i, in the £. Indian 0C«ai), And one of the FhUippine*, to the S. E. of Luzon ; ironn which it is (eparated by a Qrait. It is about jzo miles in circumference, and is full of craggy mount&insj among which ate fen tie vaUeys. $AMARJA, forxnerly, a town of Afia, in Pale(line, now entirely deftroyed, though ■I i$ Caid tile rain« of it ar« Aiil to be fc^n. &AMBAtLA9, A:v«ral idands of Ameri> ca, OD the N coaft of the if\hmus which SAM ^ vel on the Tnow on fledges, drawn with an animal lUce a rein-deer, but with tlit horna' of a ilap. Thofe that have feen them af- firm, that no people on ihe earth make fuch lliockini; fig;tires j liieir flnture is ftiort, their (liouiderf and faces broad, with flat b-oad nofes, great blubber hanging lips, and daring eyes ; their complexion is dar'c, their hair lon^, and as black as pitch, and they have very little beards. If they have any religion at all, it is idolatry, thougli there has been fonM attemj^ts of late to con> vert them. Their huts are made of bir»;h bark fewed tpgeiher, which are laid upon Aakes fet in the ground, and at the top is a JQins N. and S America. None of them j hole to let out the fmo'te ; the fun is made ate iobabited, but they are cUimed by tlie Spariar4aiwbu')ive an the iAhmus of Usrien. They ace fofimated, as.that with tie moun- tains and neighbouring forefU, they yield a charming profpe^V, and were formerly the iende2v.ous of privateers. SAMJbs.e, a riv;er of the Netherlands, which has its fouice at tlxe village of Ko- vir)jn, in Plcardy ; and pafTinii; by Landrecy, Mav>b«uge, Tbon, and -Cliacleroy, falls into Ihe Maefe at Namur. • Samlanp, a circle fo called in Regal Pruflia, lying .near the Gulph of Courland, and is very iamous for the^mber found on (he coaft. It is divided into four bailiwicks, and t'ltB, principal town is Coningfburg. • Sammatan, a town of France, in Commin^es, formerly a Arong place, and has AiH a very flreng caAle, flanding on a mountain. It is feated in a valley, on the (iver Save, 3 miles S. E. of X>omb&z. Lon. x- 1 lE. bt. 43. 34. N. Sauogitia, a province of Poland, founded on the N. by Courland ; on the E. by Lithuania 5 on the W. by the Baltick Sea } and on the S. by Regal PruHTia, being about 175 mil«s in length, and 125 in breadth. It is full of forcAsand very high mountains, which feed a great number of cattle, and produced large quantity -of honey. There rare aifo very aflive hprfes, in high eAeem. 'The inhabitants are clownifli, but honeft ^ and they will not allow a -/oung woman to :go out in the ni^.ht, without a candle in fheriband, and two bells at her girdle. Hof- fenna and Wormia are the principal places. Samoieda, a country of the RufTian .empire, between Afiatick Tartary and i\rohangel, lying along Mie fea-coafl as far -as Siberia. The inhabitants are fo ru:ey can keep. The ilories ."ibout their conjurations are ridicu- lous, ar.d not worth lepeating j their only employment is hunting and filhing. Samos, an tfland of the Archiptlagn, on the coali of Natolia ; bounded on the N, by a gulph of the fame >iame } on the S. by the gulph of Ephefus ; and on the £. by the ifle of Nicaria. It is about 31 miles in length, and sa in breadth, and extremely fertile. The inhabitants live at their eafe, their taxation by the Turks being moderate. The women are very naliy and ugly, and tbey never fliift above once a month. Tliey are clothed in the Turkifh manner, except a red coif, and their hVir hamming down their backs, with plates of filver, or blo.k tin, failened to the ends., They have abun-Jance of melons, lentils, kidney-beans, and ex> cellent muflcadine grapes. They have white figs, four times as big as the common fort, but not fo well tafled. Their filk is very fine, and their honey and wax admirable. This iiland abounds with wild fowls, fuch as partridges, woodcocks, fnipes, thrufhes, wood-pigeons, turtle-doves, and wheat* ears ; bcfides which their poultry are excel- lent : they have iron mines, and mc.'^ of the foil is of a rufly colour : they have alfo emery fione, and all the mountains are of white maible. Tha inhabitants are about iz.ooo, who are almoft all Greeks, and the monks and pri^ifis occupy moft part of the ifland. They have a bifliop who refides at Cora. Samothraci/^, now called S-^man- nRACHi, a fmall ifland of the Archipelaso, hetwecn Stalimeni, and the coaft of Ro- mania, and to the N. of the ifle of imbro. It is 17 miles in circumference, and pretty well cultivated, but has no remat kable place* Lon. .17. 7. £. lat, 40. 34. N. •Samf- • SAMrroB Pevonlhire, wit and Auguft 29, • Samsua, I gia ; bounded o the W. by Guer ta } and on the of its own, trib no remarkable *Samso, or mark* in the Jutland, from It is 8 miles Ion fertile and pie SS.o. N. • Samson, Kormandy, feai from Pontaude of that name ii of Mano ; as a cleAion of An • Sanaa, i fome town of Felix, and in ( is very pleafan there are fine < E. of Aden. L< Samiach, market on T Eafter-Tuefda tember 10, foi ed on the river it has a handft place are two with images, and I s» N.N W. lat. 53. 6 Sanbkndi • Sancek Berry, on the en a mount) miles N. W, > ris. Lon. a. • Sanci/ the coaft of China j aboi and famous I St. Francis 3 •Sancoi ry, on the c on the rivuli Sandbcs land, in the are mines ol ry, and it is is (eated at miles S. E. lat. 49. $0. •Sandi one faiff 01 «ruc. h an ornt' af. nake hort, flat lips, arir. SAN * SAMrroRD-PtviRii, a village in Devonfliirc, with two fain, on April si) and Auguft 29; for cattle. * Samiua, a province of Afia, in Geor- gia ; bounded on the S. by Armenia } on the W> by Guerel ; on the N. by Immeret- ta } and on the E. by Caker. It has a prince of its own, tributary to the Turks, but has no remarkable place. *Samio, or Samsoi, an ifland of Den- mark, in the Baltic Sea, on the coaft of Jutland, from whence it is 8 miles dilUnt. It is 8 miles long, and 3 broad, and is very fertile and pleafant. Lon. 10. 27. E. lat. 35.0. N. * Samson, St. a town of France, in Normandy, feated on the river Rille, 5 miles from Pontaudemer. There is another town of that name in Main, and in the eIe£iion of Mano ; as alfo another in Anjou, and election of Angiers. * Sanaa, a large, populous, and hand- fome town of Aiia, and capital of Arabin Felix, and in Proper Yemen. Its tituation is very pleafant among the mountains, and there are fine orchards. It is 80 miles N. E. of Aden. Lon. 46. 25. E. lat. 14. 58- N. Sanbach, a town in Chelhire, with a market on Thurfdays, and two fairs, on Eafter-Tuefday, and Thurfday after Sep- tember 10, for cattle and faorfes. It is feat- ed on the river Welock, and i« not large, but it has a handfome church. In the market- place are two fquare ftone croflls, adorned with images. It is 16 miles E. of Cbefter, and 1 5a N. N. W. of London. Lon. a. a8. W. lat. 33. 6. N. SaNBCNOITTO. SeeBENEDITTO. * SANcaaai, a town of France, in Berry, on the frontiers of Nivernois j feared en a mountain near the river Loire, «a miles N. W. of Nevers, and no N. of Pa- ris. Lon. a. 55. £ lat.47> t6. N. * Sancian, a fmallifland of Afia, on the coaft of the province of Quan-tong in China ; about 42 miles in circumference, and fanMus for being the burying-place of St. Francis Xavier. * Sancoins, a town of France in Ber- ry, on the confines of BourbonnoiSj feated on the rivulet Argent. Sanobcz, a ftrong town of Little Po- land, ia the palatinata of Cracow. There are mines of gold and copper in its territo- ry, and it it the capital of a chatellany. It is feated at the footiof Mont Krapack, 32 miles S. E. of Cracow. Lon. 21. 21. £; lat. 49. 50. N. * SANOHvasT, a village in Kent, with one fair, on May 25, for ca4tle and pedlars ware. SAN * San BO, an ifland of Japan, on the ft, coaft of Niphon ; with a town of the fama name, and about 87 miles in circumference* Lon. 138 15, E. Jar. 57. 15. N. San DOM iR, a llrong town of Poland, and capital of a palatinate of the fame name, with a caftte } feated on a hill on the rivef ViAula, 75 miles E. of Cracow, and 112 S. of Warfaw. Lon. 32. 17. E. lat. 50* 23. N. * Sandomir, the palatinate of, is ont of the three provinces of Little Poland. It is bounded on the N. by thofe of Lencicza, Rava, and Mazovia ; on the E. by thofe of Lublin and Ruflia ; and on the S. and W, by the palatinate of Ci'acovia. The foil ia very fertile, and it has mines of gold, filver, and copper. The capital town ia of the fame name. Sanduliet, a town of the Netherlanda in Brabant, feated on the river Scheld, 10 miles N. of Antwerp. Lon. 3. 8. E. lat. 51* 25. N. Sandwich, n town in Kent, with two markets, on Wednefdays and Saturdays, and one fair, on September 4, for drapery goods, haberdafhery wares, (hoes, and hard ware. It has the title of an earldom j is a corporation and cinque- port, governed by * mayor, and 1 1 jurats ; and fends two mem« bers to parliament, called barons. It has three churches, St Clement's, St. Peter's, and St. Mary's, and had another cjilled St. James's. This town confifts of about 1 50a houfes, moft of them old and built with wood, tho* there are a few new ones built with brick and flints. It has three long nar- row flreers paved, and 30 crofs ftreets or allies, with about 6oco inhabitants, but no particular manufad^oiyr. The town is walled round, and alio forriflrd with ditches and ramparts ; but the walls are much decayed, though four of the gates are Aill (landing. This was once a town of conflderable trade, but it is much decayed, on account of tha harbour being fo choaked up with fand, that a fliip of 100 tons burthen cannot get in. It is 13 miles W. by S. of Canterbury, and 7» E, by S. of London. Lon. i. 20. E. lat. 51. 20. N. SANCvesA, a town of Spain, in the king* dom of Navarre, and on the frontiers of Arragon ; feated on the river Arragon, 20 miles S, of Parapelunav Lon. 1. 3. W< lat, 42. 28. N. * SAN<^tiAa, a borough* town of Scot* land, in the county of Nithfdal«, 21 milea- N. of Dumfries. Loa. 3. 40* W. lat. 55. 50. N. San-Math E9, a town of Valencia, ia Spain, $8 miles N« of the citjf of Valen* U U U CUf' 'irV'if I SAN eta. Ion. o. 13. W. lat. 40. ?i. N. Santa Claha, an ifland of S. Ameii- ca, in iIjc S Seo, and in the bay cl Guya qui), on ihc ccniX of Peru, 80 miles S. W. 6t the city of Cuyaquil. Lon. 79. 51. W. ]at> 3. 1 8. S. •Santa Cruz, a town of Africa, on the coaA ot Baiba y, and in the province of Suz and kirgdoai of Morocco, with a har- bour and a fort. The Monrs took it from the Por(uguefe in 1 $36. it is feaied at the extremity cf Mount Atla*. on the Cape i^guer. Lon. 9. 55. W. lat. 361 30. N. * Santa Cruz, a large ifland on theS, Sea, and one of the mod confidcrable of thufe of Solomon, being about x 50 miles in circumference. Lon. 130. o. W.lat. 10. »l. S. Santa Cruz, a fea port town of N. America, in the ifland of Cuba, feated at the N. Ma of the iflAnd, 60 miM E. of the Savannah. Lon. So. »2. W. lat. %t. 30. N. •SantaCbdc Bt-LA-SiBRRA,a town pf S. America, and capi:al of a province of that name in Peru, and in t>>e audience of Los-Charqas, with a bifhop's fee. It is Ceated at the foot of a mountain, in a coun- try abounding in good fruits, on the river Cuapy. Lon. 59. 35. W. lat 20. 40. S. SAMTAFEX,a town of N. America, and ppita) of New- Mexico, feated among the inountains, near the Rio dd-Nortc, 750 miles N. of Mexico. Lon. 116. 35. W. lat 35, 32. N. Santa-Fk-de-Bosqta, a town of S. America, and uapital of New Granada, wiih «n archbiihop's fee, a fupreme court of juflice, and an univerfity. It is 'tated on the river Magdeiepa, in a plentiful country, •bounding in corn, cattle, and fruit,, wiih Vnines of filver in the mountains, 360 miles ^« of C^nhagtna. Lon. 60. 5. W. lat, 3. ^2. N. • Samta Maria- See Maria, St. Sant arsn, a handfome town of Portu gal, in Eflti.nadura, feated on a mountain fjear the river Tajo, in a country very fer- tile if) whejt, wine, and oil. They get in their harvefl here two months after they have fown their cprn., ]t was taken from tlie l^QQrs in i<)47, and is zo miles S. of $yria, and 35 ({. E. of l-ifbcn. Lon. 7. 45. >V, lat. 39. u. N. SANTtN, a town of Germany, in the circle of WeOpiialia, and in the duchy of pievts. l\ has ^ b^ndfome church belong- ing to t^e Pjpifts, wherein is an image of the Virgin Mary, which they pretend per forms » gre^c many miracies. Here the fine ]|y{|lt^s b^tf) th»t run as far as >A f fel, from SAP wfiieh it Is ; miles diftant to the N. W. Loa 6. 33. E.'lat. 51. 38, N. Sa n T E R R F, a fmall territory of France» in Picardy ; bounded on the N. by Cambre- fi«, on tl e E. by Vei mandoies, on the W. by A mienbis, and on t e S by the river Somme. It io very fertile, and (he cayital town is Peronne. Santillane, a fea port town of Spain, in the province of AAurias, of which it is thC' capital. It is feated on the ft:a-coaft, 55 miles E. of Oviedo, and soq N. W. of Madrid, Lon, 4. 33. W, lat. 43. 30. N. Santorini, an ifland of the i4rcliipe* lago, to the N. of Candia, ^nd to the S. W. of Nanphio. It is 8 miles in length, and almoA as much in breadth, and alnioft co> veied with pumice-flone, whence the foil in general mufl be dry and barren t it iS) however, gieatly impioved by the labour and mduflry of the inhabitants, who have turned it into a garden. It affords a great deat of bailey, plenty of cotton, and large quantities of wine, in which, and their cotton manufactures, their trade confilh. Fi uit is fcarce, except figii, and they have neitiier oil nor wood. They kill their beeves hut once a-year, and- then they put it in pickle, which makes it very hard at length. The inhabitants arc all Greeks, and are about 10,000 in number. Pyi gos is the capital town, and there are feveral little towns and villages. They have but one fpring in the ifland, for which reafon they pitfeive tile rain-water in cifteins, and tho' ihcy are fubjedt to the Turks, they diufe their own magiflrates. Lon. 25. 58. E. lat. 59. 10, N. * Sao, a territory, called a kingdom of Africa, on the GoldCoaftof Guinea, baidly two miles in length along the fhore. It produces abundance of Indian corn, yams, potatoes, palm wine, and oil. The inha> bitants are very treacherous, and there ii* no dealing with them without a (treat deal of caution, it contains feveral villages, of which Sabo is the principal ; and the Dutch have a fort here catl'd NalTau. Saqni, a cor.'idetable river of France, which has its fource in mcunt Vofgue, near Darney, runs ihro' the Franche Comte, Bur- gundy, Reaujjlni!<, and falls into the Rhone at Lyons, it paffes by Cr*yt Chalons, and Mafcon, S^piExaA, an iflaiid and cape of the Mediterranean Sea, anB in Tutky in £u» rope. It is vcy near the S. coaft of the ifland of the Mores, and is very fmall, and badly cultivated. The pirates of Barbary Hidt the^nf^lvtis tiehind it, to furprife vefTeU ^h!ch come frbt the coafls of Si 36. 45. N. Sar, a river Alface, and rum ing by Sarburtc, Lewis, a id Wa the eleft rate o( Mofelle a htcte Saracins, noife fome cen from the deferti language, ftgnif the firft difciph wards conqueie ca, and Europ< after his death, feveral hundred war in the Hoi the weflern Ch them entirely < no people kno who conquerec dants of them, Moon. Saracossj dom of Arrag' an univerfity, 1 is faid to be fa the Romans fi of the emper| the name of C ruption has b It is large, har ftreets are la very clean, a Qx ftories hig magnificent b large churche ries, not to : able. There correfpondini world. The dividing it i handfome qi walk. The fo broad it r here they I ftreet there particulatly vents are h well as the < is a fpacious but the fine nora del P Ebro, and i in Spain, ing, appe! preaching image, wit u M\ in t S A R wMch come Frbm the gulph of Venice, Or thecoaftk of Sicily. Lon. xi. 15. £. lat< 36. 45.N. Sar, a river of Germany, which rifes in Alfacc, and running N. enters Lorrain, pair- ing by Sarburi;, Sarverden, Saibruk, Sar. Lewis, a id Waudrevange } then it emers the eie£l rare of Trieri, and falls into the Mofelle a ittiA; above Triers. Saracins, a people who made a great noife fome centuries ago, and who came from the deferts of Arabia j Sarra, in tlieir language, fignifying a defert. They were the firft difciples of Mahomet, and afier- wards conqueied a great part of Afia, Afri> ca, and Europe; that i*, within 40 years after his death, and kept potrcfTion of Spain feveral hundred years. They maintained a war in the Holy Land a long time againd the wreftern ChriAians, and at ieng h drove (hem entirely out of it; but now there a-e no people knov^n by that name, for thofe who conquered Spain, that is, the defcen- dants of them, are known by the name of Moors. Saragossa, acity of Spain, in the king- dom of Arragnn, with an archbifhop's lee, an univerfity, and a courr of inquiiliion. It is faid to be built by the Phenicians, and the Romans fent a colony here in ihe reie;n of the emperor Auguftus, whence it had the nameofCxfar Augullus, which by cor- ruption has been changed into Saragofla. It is large, handfome, and well built. The ftreets are long, broad, well paved, and very clean, and the houfes from three to fix Tories high. It is adorned with many magnificent buildings, and ihey reckon 17 large churches, and 14 handfome monafte- ries, not to mention others lefs conficfer- able. There are four gates into the city, correfponding with the four corners of the world. The river Ebro runs crofs the place, dividing it in two ; and en its banks is a handfome quay, which ferves for a public walk. The Holy-ftreet is the largeft, and fo broad it may be taken for a fquare ; and here they have their bull- fights: in this ftreet there are feveral noblemen's families, particularly that of the viceoy. The con- vents are handfome and richly adorned, as well as the churches. The cathedral church is a fpacious btitldirg, after the Gothic taHe ; but the fined church is that of Nueflra Sig- nora del Pilar, feated on t' e fide of the £bro, and is a place of the greateft devotion in Spain. They tell us the Virgin, yet liv- ing, appeared to St. James, who was pieaching the gofpel, and left him her image, with a ha/idfome pillar of jafper ; it U ftiij in this church, whii;h they pretend SAR IS the firt\ In the world built to her hononr This image ftands on a marble pillar, with a little Jefus in her arms ; hut the place it fo da from Sarbruck. Lon. 7. ia< E. lat. 49. 4* N. Sark, a little ifland belonging to Great Britain, lying between the tflands of Guern- fey and Jcrfey, on the coaft of Normandy in France. Sarlat, a town of France, in Pcrigord, with a bifliop's fee. It is but a poor place, and feated in a bottom furrounded with mountains, a7 miles S. E. of Perigueux, and 87 E. by N. of Bourdeaux. Lon. t» 19. E. lat. 45. 3. N. Sar-Louis, a ftrong town of France, in Lorrain, fortified after the manner of Vauban, and feated on the river Sare, 30 miles E. of Thionville, and 3* N. E. of Met . Lon. 6. 53. E. lat. 49. as. N. * Sarman, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Tripoty, inhabited by Beri- beries, who are very numerouSt Sarmatia, anciently a country {partly in Europe and partly in Afia, which lay to the N. of the Black and Cafpian Seas, but at prefent the bounds are hardly known, the beft geographers not being agreed abou( them. * SARNFotGRiN, a village of Carnar- vonfliire, in N. Wales, with one fair, on June 27, for cattle. Sarno, a town of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, ^nd in the Hither Principa- to, with a bifliop's fee, and the title of a duchy. It is feated on the river Samo, near its fource, ix miles N. E. of Salerno, and ao S. £. of Naples. Lon. 14. 35* £. lat. 40:48. N. * Sarmo, a fmall river of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, which rifes near a town of that name, runs along the confides of the Hither Principato, and the Terra-di>La- voro, and falls into the gulph of Naples. * Saroz, a Arong cattle, in Upper Hun- gary, in a county of the fame name, on the frontiers of Poland : feated on the river which has its fource in German Lorrain, \ Tariza, at the foot of Mount Krapach, 5 a little above the Sarm, and falls into the j miles from Eperies, capital of the county. Mofelle a little above Treves, or Triers Sargand, a town of Swifferiand, ai^d capital of a county of the fame name in the canton of Zurich, with a caftle feared on a rock. It (lands on the top of a hill, and near it are mineral fprings good for various difeafes *SAROit, a large and ancient town of Africa, in the kingdom of Morocco, and in the province of Tremtccn, with a caflle and a harbour, feated on t^e feacoaft, s5 miles Lon. 21. 53, E. lat. 49. 12. N. * SARKCAL,a town of Spain, in Cata« Ionia, feated on ttie river Francoli, in whofe neigfibourhood there are quarries of ala- baiter, fo tranfparent, that they glaze their windows with it. Lon. a. o. £• lat. 41* 30. N. Sarsina, a town of Italy, in the terri* rory of the Church, and in Romagna, with a bifliop^s fee ; feated on the frontiers of Tufcany, *o miles S. W. of Rimini, and 138 s;lN. W.Of 43- S'*"* Sarvm, CO a place almoll fliire, though lament. It fteep bill, an there is nothii ins and the tn wtheN. ofSa ,. 55.W.lat. • Sarvii Lorrain, capit name ; feater from Fene Si Lon. 7. 10. 1 • Sarvit rope, in Ma( •f Comenolei tain, and pa vcr. • Sarw*< and capital icated on the a fmall river lat. 47* 'O'^ Sarcanj •f Italy, in bifliop's fee. by the grea Leghorn. 1 river Macra, 10 miles N. Genoa. Lc • Sasir India, and i ed at the f< lake, in th with a fupe that leads tl 10. N. Sassar principal ol capital of 1 caftle and ; about 30,0 a fountain much mo Rome. 1 ing prov« vtdde moi has not fe dered it 5 miles N Aragoner * Sas vania, ai name ; fe rivers, w *7. 40- 1 Sas-v |3> 30* tnnan milek ^9•4• S A S «il N. W.of Rome. Lon. ii. 11. E. lat. 43. s8.N. Saivm, commonly called Old-Sakum, a place almoft without inhabitants, in Wilt- Aiire, though it fends two members to par> lament. It did cover the Tummit of a high fleep hill, and was ftrongly fortified ; but there is nothing now to be feen but the ru- ins and the tracea of the walls. It is a little to the N. of Salifbury, or New Sarum. Lon . I. 55. W. lat. 51. 9.N. * Saxvirdbk, a town of France, in Lorrain, capital of a county of the fame name ; feated on the river Sare, 5 miles from Fene Strange, and 10 from Sarburg. Lon. 7. 10. E. lat. 4S. 59. N. * SARViTf A, a town of Turky in Eu- rope, in Macedonia, and in the territory •f Comenoletari, feated partly on a moun- tain, and partly in a plain, on a fmall ri- ver. * Sarwar, a town of Upper Hungary, and capital of a county of the fame name, feated on the river Rab, at the place where a fmall river runs Into it. Lon. 17. 48. E. lat. 47. 10. N. Sarieana, an ancient and ftrong town •f Italy, in the territory of Genoa, with a bUhop's fee. It was given to the Genoefe, by the great duke of Tufcany, in lieu of Leghorn. It is feated at the mouth of the river Macra, on the frontiers of Tufcany, 10 miles N. W. of MalTa, and 50 S. E. of Cenoa. Lon. 10. a. E. lat. 44. 8. N. * Sasiron, a large town of Afla, in India, and in the kingdom of Bengal ; feat- ed at the foot of a mountain, near a great lake, in the middle of which is an ifland, with a fuperb mofque, with a fine bridge that leads thereto. Lon. ^4. 45. E lat, %6. 10. N. Sassari, a city of Italy, and one of the principal of the ifland of Sardinia, being the capital of the territory of Lugari. It has a caftle and an archbifliop's fee, and contains about 30,000 inhabitants. It is famous (or a fountain called Roflel, which is faid to be much more magnificent than the beft at Rome. The inhabitants have the fuilow- ing proverb, Chi non vide RofTel, non vidde mondn j he that has not feen RofTel, has not feen the world. The French plun- dered it in 1517. It is feated in a plain, 5 miles N. of Alghier, and xo S. of Vtlla- Aragonenfe. Lon. 8. 39. E. lat. 40. 46. N. *SABSRBBt, a ftrong town of Tranfil- vania, and capital of a county of the fame name ; feated at the confluence of two fmall rivers, which fall into the Maroch. Lon. «7. 40. E. lat. 46. 16. N. SAS-VAN>CHSNTy a' fma1l« but ftrong S A V town of Dutch Flanders, !n the quarter of Ghent. It has fine fluices, and is feated oa a canal, which communicates with Ghent, about 8 miles N. from it. It was built by the inhabitants of Ghent, as a bulwark to that town, but was taken by the Dutch in 1644. Lon. 3. 45. E. lat. 51. 15. N. Sassvolo, a town of Italy, in the du- chy of Modena, and in the province of Carpi. It has a ftrong caftle, and is feattd on the river Secchia, 10. miles S. W. of Mudena. Lon. 10. 49.' E. lat. 44. 31. N. * Satalia. a large and very ftrong town of Tuiky, in Afia, and in NatoUa ) feated on the coaft of Carimania, with a fmall harbour, and is divided into three towns. There is a fuperb mofque, which was formerly a fine church, and the coun- try about it is very fertile } but the citron* and oranges are extremely fine. It is 150 miles W. by S. of Cogni, and 17; S. by E. ofConftantinople. Lon. 31. 11. £. lac. 37* 8. N. Savanna, a town of N. America, ia Georgia, belonging to Great Britain. It was built not many years ago by the truf- tees of Georgia, and ftands on a bank of the river, which is 45 feet high above the wa- ter. Lon. loi. ao.W. lat. 3a. o. N. Save, a river of Germany, which has ita fource in Upper Carniola, on the frontiers of Carinthia. It runs through Carniola, from W. to E. and afterwards feparate» Sclavonia from Croatia, Bofnia, and fart of Servia, and then falls into the Danube at Belgrade. • Saverdon, atown ofFranceinLan- guedoc, and in the county of Foix ; divided into the Upper and Lower towns, and the latter divided into the town and fuburbs. It is feated on the river Ariege, 1 5 milea from Foix, and 15 from Thouloufe. Lon. I. 30. £. lat. 43. 10. N. • Savkrnx, or Zabxrm, a town of France, in Lower Alface, on the frontiers of Lorrain, with a handfome palace, where the bifhop of Stralburg fometimes reiides. It is feated at the foot of Mount Vofgue, in a pleafant', fertile country, which produces plenty of wine, ii miles N. W. of Straf. burg, and izo from Paris. Lon. 7. 17. E, lat. 4S. 44. N. * Savgoes, a town of France, in (he government of Languedec, and in Oevau« dan. There is another town of the fame name in Auvergne, and in the election of Brioude. SAviGtiANo, a handfome and ftrong town of Italy, in Piedmont, and capital of a territory of the fame name, with a rich BencdlQine abbey. It i» advantageoufly feated S A V SAX feated on the river Mairsi, 5 milei W. of FofTano, and 11 S. of Turin. Lon. 6, 43< E. lat. 4S. 30. N. * Saticliano, the territory of, it bounded on the E. by thofe of Chierafco, andFoflTanoj on the S, by the province of Coni ; on the W. by the maiquifate of Sa- luzzo J and on the N. by Carma^^nola. * SAaLaE-ST< a town of France, in Nivernois, with a priory of the order oi St. BenediA feated in a valley. Sauiobn, a town of Germany, in Sua* bia, and the principal place of a county of the fame name, which belongs to the baron of Walburg. * Saulicu, a town of France, in Bur> gundy, and capital of the bailiwick of Auxoii. It is feated on an eminence, in a country fertile in corn, and abounding in cattle, 45 miles W. of Dijon, and 14X S. £, of Paris. Lon. 4. 1 9. E. lat. 47. 1 7. N. •.Sauit, a town of France, in Pro- , ^ ^ vence, and in the diocefe of Carpentras. ft are the Ifere, the Arc, and the Arve. is the chief place of a county, and of a val . -■ r- ^ .^ . ley of the fame name. Saumur, a confiderable town of France, in Anjou, and capital of the Saumarois, vrith an ancient caflle. Here is an impor- tant paiTage over the Loire, upon which there is a famous bridge. It is zi miles S. Z. of Angiers, and 160 S. W. of Paris. Lon. o. a. E. lat. 47. 15. N. Savolax>a, a territory of Finland, in Ruflia ; bounded on the N. by Cagiinia ; on the E. by Kex'iotm ; on the S. by Carelia ; and en the W. by Bothnia. It is a latge country, full of trees, lakes and marfhes, and is almoft a defart. Nydot is the princi pal place. Savon A, a large, populous, handfome, and ftrong town of Italy, and in the territory of Genoa, with two caAles, and a bi(liop\-> fee. There are feveral fine churches, and other well-built ftru£lures. The Genoefe fearing that it would hurt their trade, ruined the haibour, and rendered it unfit for large vefTels. It was taken by the king of Sardi- nia in 1746 s the country about it is very well cultivated, and abounds infiikj and all forts of fruits. It is feated on the Mediter- ranean Sea, tc miles S. W. of Genoa, and 13 N. £. of Final. Lon. 8. 37. £. lat. 44. ao. N. * Savon.ikrs, a town of France, in Touraine, 5 miles from Tours, near which there are caverns, famous for their petrifica- tisns. Savoy, a fovereign duchy of Europe, between France and Italy'; bounded on ihe N. by the lake of Geneva, which feparates ll from SwifTerland } on the £. by the Alps, which divide it from Piedmont and VaUlt ? on the W. by the river Rhone, which parts it from Rugey and BrefTe ) and on the S. by Dauphiny and a part of Piedmont. It i» 83 miles in length, and 67 in breadth, and is divided into Proper Savoy, the Genevcfe, Chablais Faufigni, the Tarentefe, Moiicn- na, and a part of Bugey. The air is cold on account of the high mountains, which are almoft always covered with fnow } how- ever, the foil is pretty fertile, and fuppliea the inhabitants with the nccenfarics of life, but they can fupply their neighbours with nothing but chefnuts and radiOiet. The mountains which are not covered wiih fnow in winter, abound with paftures that feed a vaft number of cattle. There is alfo a great deal of game; among which are ftai$s, faN low-deer, roebucks, wild-boars, bears, mar« mouts, white-hares, red and grey par- tridges, wood- hens, and pheafants. The lakes ate full of ftih, and the principal rivera This country has fulfered greatly by ruinous wars, which it has fudained againft France and Spain. The inhabitants are laborious, fober, good foldiers, and faithful fubjcAs ; Chamberry is the capital town. * S.\uvant-St. a town of France, in Poitou, and in the diocefe^ of Poitiers. * Sauves, a town of France, in Lan- guedoc, and in the diocefe of Alais, feated on the river Vidourie, with a Benedictine abbey. ^Sauvetebre, a town of France, in Beam, with an old ruined caftle, 17 milet from Pau. * Sauveur-lx-Viscomtk, St. a town of France, in Normandy, in the diocefe of Coutances, feated on a morafs on the river Beaupries, with a rich Benedidline abbey. * Saux II ANGES, « town of France, in Auvergne, and in the eledlion of Iflbere, with a famous nionafteiy of the order of Cleuni. * SAUBRiDGEwoRTH,a village, in Hert- fordfhire, with two fairs, on April a3, and Odober 19, for hotfes. Saxenhagen, a town of Germany, in thu circle of WeAphalia, and county of bciiawer.t'jrt;, 20 miles N. W. of Hanover. Lon. 9. 6. E. lat. 52. 35. Ni Saxmundham, a town of Suffolk, with a market on Thurfdays, and a fair on Mid- fummer day, which lafts two days. It is fituated upon a hill, and has one large church, and a difTentiog meeting- houfe. The town confiAs of about 400 houfes, which are in general pretty good ones ; but the ftreets are narrow, and not paved. No particular manufaAory is carried on here, and and the town It it 19 n»i'"* E. of London. N. Saxonv, a divided into th of Upper SaX( ony, and the cle of Lower ber of ter'ito princes, and fta, and a pa the S by Bav o( Franconis the Upper Rl ny ; and on t the circle o' of Saxony is the eleO oral pality of Anh gia, the mar of Brandenb rania ; and many leffer t proper placei ny is boundc and the duc^ the OermanJ phalia ; and of the Uppe Saxony • T the dukes ol Brunfwick-l archbithopri of Hildeihei men, the bi (hoprick of ' burg, the bi fhoprick of fecularized, The other Bronfwick- Mecklenbu the counti< alfo the f Gortar, Ml fee in the Saxony is gravate of Lufatia ; W. by tl abom 7 5 and is a aboundin tsnequal common' ony, and Sayb rica, in of Conn river Co S A V and th« town contains nothing remarkable. It i» 19 mil«t N. E. of Ipfwich, and 87 N. £. of London. Lon. i. 31. £. lat. 51. 21. N. Aaxonv, a large country of Germany, divided into three parts, namely, the circle of Upper Saxony, ilic circle of Lower Sax- eny, and the duchy of Saxony. The cir- cle of Lower Saxony contains a great num- ber of territories, governed by particular princes, and is bounded on the E. by Pruf^ fia, and a part of Poland and Silefia } dn the S by Bavaria, Bohemia, and the circle of Franconia j on the W. by the circle of the Upper Rhine, and that of Lower Saxo- ny 3 and on the N. by the Baltick Sea, and the circle of Lower Saxony, The elector of Saxony is the direflor. It comprehends the ele£^»ral circle of Saxony, the princi- pality of Anhalt, the landf^ravateof Thurin- {{ia, the margravate of Mifnia, the marche of Brandenburg, and tlie touchy of Fome- rania ; and thefe again are fubdivtded into many lefTer dilUi6ls, taken notice of in their proper places. The circle of Lower Saxo- ny is bounded on the N. by the Baltick Sea, and the duchy of Slefwick ; on the W. by the German ocean, and the circle of Weft- phalia^ and on the S. .md E. by the circle of the Upper Rhine, and the circle of Upper Saxony. The direAors of this circle are the dukes of Magdeburg, Bremen, and of Brunfwiok-Lunenburg. It comprehends the archbifhoprick of Magdeburg, the bifhoprick of Hildefheim, the archbifhoprick of Bre- men, the bifhopri^k of Haiberftadt, the bl- fhoprick of Schwerin, the bilhoprickofRatz- burg, the bifhnprick of Lubeck, and the bi- fhoprick of Slefwick, All thefe have been fecularized, except Lubeck and Hildefheim. The other territories are the duchies of Brunfwick-Lunenburg. Lawenburg, and Mecklenburg; the principality of Verden, the counties of Reinrtein and Blanburg ; as alfo the free cities of Hamburg, Lubeck, Goflar, Mulhaufen, and Northaufen, which fee in their proper places. The duchy of Saxony is bounded- on the N. by the mar- gravate of Brandenburg , on the E. by Lower Lufatia; on the S. by Mifnia; and on the W. by the principality of Anhalt. It is about 75 miles in length, and 62 in breadth, and is a very fertile and trading country, abounding in mines. It is cut into two unequal parts by the river Elb. This is commonly called theele£loral circle of Sax- ony, and Wirtemburg is the capital town. Saybrook, afea-port town of N. Ame- rica, in New-England, and in the province of Conne£licut, feated at the mouth of the river ConpeQicut| S5 milet St W. of Eofton. S C A Lon. 7t. e. W, lat. 41. O.K. Saycock. one of the iflandi of Afla, in Japan, divided from Niphon by a narrovr channel. The Dutch faAors are permitted to relide in the little ifland of Uifnia, which is on the W.fide of this. Lon. lao. 58. E. lat. 3s. o. N. Sayd, See SinoN. • "^ ' ScAorN, orScAr.iiir, a promontory of N Jutland, in Denmark, at the entrance of the pafTage out of the ocean into the Bal- tic Sea. l.on. 10. b. R. lat. 58. o. N. Sc A L A , a town of Italy, in the kingdont of Niples, and in the Hither Frincipato, with a hifhop*s fee. It was a large city for- merly, hut it i« now grpatly decayed. It it 5 miles N. of Amalfi, Lon. 14. 3a. Ei lat, 4*. 38. N. * ScAtANovA, a handfome town of Tu ky in Afia, and in Natolia, with a cafllc and harbour. It is feated on the fea-coafl^ 8 miles from Ephefus, in a country abound*, ing in good wine. Lon. 17. 31. E. lat. 37. 54. N. ScALiTi, or ScALA, a town of Upper Hungary, in the county of Pofon, and on the confines of Moravia. There is a very advantageous pafTage by it, from Moravia to Hungary, and is feated on the rive^ Marck, 50 miles N. of Prefburg, and 4; N. W. of Leopoldftadt. Lon. 17. 47. E, lat* 48. 58. N. Scalloway, a town of Scotland, in the ifland of Mainland, being one of ihofe of Shetland, and in the county of Orkney, 130 miles N. E. of Caihiiefs. Lon. i. 5. W« latt 61. II. N. SCANDXBOON. See AlEXAN DB ZTTA. Scandinavia, a large country of Eu- rope, formerly fo called, which comprehenda Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. Scar A, or Scarcn, a town of Sweden* in W. Gothland, feated to the S. of the lake Wener, 66 miles N. E. of Gotienburg. Lon. 14. o. E. lat. 58. 36. N. Scarborough, a town in the N. Riding of Yorkshire, with a market on Thurfdayt* and two fairs, on Holy-Thurfday, and No- vember zz, for toys. It is feated on a fleep rock, near which are fuch craggy cliffs that it is almofl inacceflible on every fide. On the top of this rock is a green large plain, with a little well of frefh water, fpringing out of the rock. It has of late been greatly frequented, on account of its mineral wa- ters, called the Scarborough Spa ; on which account it is much mended in the number and beauty of its buildings. The fpring waa under the clifT, part of whi^b. fell down in December 1737, and the water was- loft j I but in clearing away the ruins, in order to ) rebuild , SC H rcbaild the wharf* it wu recovaiW^ (e tht gfcat joy of the tewa> Here ar« aflfembliei •ltd balU* in the f»mt mannar it at Tun> btid^. It is ■ place of fome trade, and hat » vary good harbour, and fendi two membcra f parliament. It it 43 milee N. E. by E. •f Yotkf and S04 N. of London. Lon. o. 3. E. lat. 54.. 18. N. ScABDoMNA, a fea-port town of DaU matia, feated on the eaftern banka of the river Cherca, with a bifhop't fee. It hat been taken and retaken feveral timet by tlie Turks and Venetians, and thefe left ru- ined the fortifications, and itt principal buildingi* in 1537 ; but tliey have Ance put it in a ftate of defence. It it 45 milet N. of Spolatto. Lon. 17. 15. E. lat. 43. 55. N. * ScAatiNo, a town of Italy, in Tuf- cany, and in the principality of Piombino, with a caftle } feai .d on the fea-coaft, 5 milet S. of MafTo, and 10 from Piombino. Lon. 10. 57. E. lat. 4S. 58. N. * ScAKo, a'town of the ifland of San- terinit with a bi(hop*t fee. Lon. 15. 58. £. lat. 36. 10. N. ^t ■ . ScAaos. See Saios. ScAarANTo, an iH^nd of the Archipe- lago, and one of the Sporades, lying to the S. W. of the ifla of Rhodes, and to the N. lE. of that of Candia. it is about it miles In length, and 8 in breadth, and there are feveral high mountains, it abounds in cat- tle and game, and there are mines of iron, i)uarrict of maible, with feveral good bar- iboura. The Turkt are mailers of it, but the inhabitants are Greeks. ScABri, a river of the Netherlands, which has its fourcc near Aubigny, in Ar- fois, where it washes Arras and Douay, af' ter which it rune on the confines of Flan, dere and Hainault, pafling by St. Amand, Md a little after ialls into the Scheld, * Sctx.LA, a province of Africa, in Abyf- hnia, to the W. of the province of Bamba, and to the E. of that of Taniha. It is full •f very high mountains, which are well in- liabited, afford good pafturet, and feed great numbers of cattle. , ScHArrHAOscN, a large, handfome and ftrong town of Swillerland, capital of a can- ton of the fame iiame, with a caftle in the form of a citadel. It is well built, with fine large ftreett, and adorned with feveral fountains} and the greateft part of the houTea are painted on the out- fide. It is well fortified, and the cathedral it the largeft church in Swiflerland { befides which, the fninfter with the monaftery adjoining there- tov the arfenal, the town houfe, the great cloc^ witish fliewf the courfe of the fun S C H aiMl meoa, with their ecliprei ; and the ftent bridge over the Rhine, are well worth th« obfer vation of a traveller. That river it of great confequence to the inhabitants, with regard to trade. It U ta miles N. of Zu- rich, and 39 E. of Bafil. Lon. t. ji. E. lau 47- 39* N. ScHArrHAvstN, the canton of, in Swif. ferland, it bounded on the N. and W. by Suabia j on the E. by the canton of Zurich, and the bifhoprick of Conftance } and on (he S. by the fame, and by Thurgaw. >t it but It milet in length, and 10 in breadth } but produces all the neceflfaiies of life, at wine, fiOi, wood, flax, ho.fes, flieep, wool, black cattle, and deer. The principal town it of the fame name. ScHALHOLT, a town, or rather a large village of Iceland, with a biOiop't fee and a college. Lonj 19. 10 W. lat, 64. 30. N. ScHAMACNYA. a town of Afia, in Per. (ia, and capital of Schirvan. It has very large manufaAoriet of filks and cottons, and is feated on the W. fide of the Cafpian Sea, S50 milet N E. of Tauris. It wai forn>erly very large, but is now decayed, above 6000 houfes having been thrown down by an earthquake. Lon. 37, 5. E. lat. 40. 50, N. ScHANTz Stirniy, a fprtrefs of Ruf- fian Finland, in the province of Carelia, reared on the river Nieva, a little to the eaftward of Peteriburg. Lon. 31. 15. E.lat. 60. o. N. ScNARDiNc, a town of Germany, intho circle of Bavaria, feated on the river Inn, 7 miles S. of Paflaw. Lon. 13. 25. £, lat. 48. 28. N. * ScHAtNiTK, a town of France, in the circle of Auftria, and in Tyrol. It ia feated on the confines of Bavaria, and it a paffage of great importance, and well for- tified. ScHAWEHBtxac, a fmall territory of Weftphalia, about xa miles in length, and 10 in breadth, which belrugt to the land- grave of Hefle CalTel, Sc H B L D, one of the moft confiderable ri- vers of the Netherlands, which has its (burco in Vermandois, near the Yillan Baurevoir. It paflea through Flandert, and fome miles below Fort Lillo divides into two branchet, one of which runt thro* Berg-op-zoom, and ia called the eadern Scheld, and the other to Fluihing, called the weftem Scheld ; they both fall into the Germaa ocean. *ScHELzsTADT, an ancient and ftrong town of France, in Upper Alface, formerly ▼ery important, but the fortificationt were ruined by the French in 1673 j however, when it WM ceded to tbeni they fortified it •gain, S C H •IBin. It i^ feated on the river Ml, so miln S. E. of btrafburg. Lon. 7. jb. £. lat. 4II. 17. N. ScHCLLA, a town of Upp«r Hungary, featrd on (he river Waag, wlicre (here i* a harbour, and near it a volcano continually burning. It ia 15 miles N. E. of Prelburg. Lon. i3. 10. E. lar. 4S. 31. N. ScHCMiNacRO, a fortrefs of Grrma- nyi in the circle of Bavaria, rsmaikabie tor a battle obtained here by the alMea over the French and Bavariani in 1704. It is st miles W of Ingoiftadt. Lon. ii.o. E. lac. 48. 44. N. ScHCLLiNo, ani(* nd of Holland, lying at the entrance of the Zuider-Zee, between Vly-Ifland and Amclani^. Lon. 4. o. E. lat. 53. 34. N. ScHCMNiTZ.a town of Uppe ■ Hunftary, and one of the fev«n mountain-town*, three cafllet. It is famous for mines o ver, and other metals ; as alfo for it» hot bathi. Near it is a high rock of Ihininj; blue Aone, mixed with green and fome fpots of yellow. It is 50 miles N. E. of Piefburg. Lon. 19. o. E. lat. 48. 40. N. Sc HKNEoTi DA, a fortrefs of N.America, in New-York, feated on Hudfon's river, In the province of Albany, and adjoining to the country of the Iroquois, belonging to Great' Britain, too miles N. of New-York town. Lon. 71. 30, W. lat. 4a. 30. N. ''ScHiNiNO, a town of Sweden, in E. Gothland, formerly mote confiderable than at prefent. It is pleafantly feated in a fer- tile country, and in a good air, K mileii S. £. of Wadena. Lon. 15. 47. E. lat. 58. i». N. ScHENKENSHANs, a fottfefs of Germa- ny, in the circle of Weftphalia, and duchy of Cleves ; feated on the place where the Rhine divides into two large branches, one of which preferves the name, and the other is called the Waal, ii miles E.ofNime^uen, and fubjedl to the king of Pruflia. Lon. 5. o. E. lat. 51. 5«. N. * ScHCR, a town of Germany, in Sua- bia, r«a ed on the river Danube, over which there is a bridge j it belongs to the baron of Walberg. * ScHERDTNG, a town of Germany; in Bavaria, feated on the eaftern bank of the river Inn, nearly S of PalTaw. ScHEtLAND, idands fo called, lying to the N. of the 0(kneys, of which fome rec- kon them part. They lie 100 miles N. E. of Caithnefs, in Scotland, and are famous for the herring-flfhery on their coaft. The Dutch begin here on Midfummer-day, and follow th:: ^oals of herrings down to the (pails ef Norfolk, whtrcr they arrive About S C H Michselmai. The number of thefc iflsnd* are reckoned (o be 40, befldes 30 which art naked rocks; the chitf of ihem is calleA Mainland. The inhabitants live by fi(h* Ing, and are like the Norwegians, an ho* nert people, who live a long lime. Tw» months in the fuinmer the fun never fett* and in two of (he winter months he never rife* . • Sewivi, a town of Dernratk, in K. Jutland, Mnd in the diocefe of Wybiirg, feat frt at the mouth of a river in ihe «i»lph o£ Viik Fund, wkce there are excellent horfet bred. • ScHirtiAM, a town of the United Pro- vinces, in Holland, fe.ited on a laige canal, which communicates with the Maefe. It it 3 miles frcm Rotterdam, and 5 from Delft. Lon. 4. 10. E. lac. ;i. ^;. N. • ScHiLTA, a ftrong town of Upper Hungary, in the county of Neitra, feated on the river Waag. Sent a AS, a large and famous town of Peifia, capital of FjrfiOan. It it 3 miles in length, from E. to W. but not fo mucli in breadth. It is fe.ttei at the N. W. end of a fpacious plain, furrounded with very high hills, under one of which the town Aands. The koufcs are built of bticka dried in the fun j the roofs at e Mat and tcr. raced. There »tp 15 handfome mofqaes, tiled with ftones of a blueilh green colour, and lined within with black poliihed mar- ble. There are many large and heautifwl gardens, furrounded with walls 14 feet high, and 4 thick. They contain vaiious kind* ot very fine tiees, with fruits almofl oC every kind, belides va'ious beautiful flow- ers. The wines of Schiras are not only the bed in Perfla, but as fome think in the whole world. The women are much addiAed 10 eallantry, and it is called an eanhly para- dife by fome. The ruins of the famouipa* lace called Fe^fepolis are 30 miles co %h% N. E. of this place. It is 125 miles S. E. of Ifpahan. Lon. 56. 0. E. lat. a9». 36. N. ScMLisTADT, a town of France, iii^ AU face, formerly imperial. It was ceded to France by the treaty of WeiTphalia, and ia feated on the river 111, 1 8 miles S. of Straf- burg. Lon. 7. 30. E. lat. 48. 17. N. * ScHLtvsoNctN, atown of Germany, in the circle of Franconia, and in the pro* vince of Henneberg, feated on tht river Schleus. * ScHMiBEBG, a town of Germany, in Silefia, and in the duchy of Jaur, Crated ac the foot of a mountain, near che fourctof the river Bauber. Almoftall t^f inhabitants arefmiths, from whenc'' ;ht p.r:r talceiitf name. XXX *SCilOM- H - S C H fScKOMBtRG, a town of Qeri)fisny, Ip the eUflorate of Treves, or Triers, wiih the title of a duchy. It ii feaicd on a mountain, 1 5 miles from Limburg. ScHOMCK, or ScHOJNECK, » town of Cermany, in the circle of the Lower Rliine, and in the eie£>orate of Treves, or Triers, wj: h a cartle j fcatcd on the river Nyms, 20 miles N. ofTieves, and 23 S. of Limburg. Lon. 6. 6. E. iat. 5Q. 15. N> ScHONEN, or Scania, a province of ^vveden, bounded on the W. by the ftrail oi the Sound, which feparates it from Zea- land ; on the N. by Holland and Smaland ; on the E. and S. by BlecHingia and the Bal- tic Sea- It is about 58 miles in length, and 40 in breadth, apd is a very fertile coup- try. Lunden is the capital town. * ScHONGAW, a towr) of Germany, in Ppper Bavaria, feated op the river Lech, y- I ilesfrom Augfburg. CHONREiN, a town of Gerrpany, In Franconia, on the confines of the bidioprick of Wirt^berg, and capital of a bailiwick. It is feated on tiip river ' Teyn, and bf lopgt to the biflioprick of Wirt^berg. ScHooNHOVEN, a Atcng town of the Vnited Provinces, in Holland, with a very commodious haven. It is feated on the river t>ech/ in which there is a good fa|mon-fi(h- ery, 14'miles £. of ^ott^rdatp. t,a town of Cermany, in the f- S G H Tyrol, famous for its mines of difljerent \t\p, tals; feated on the river III, 10 milts N. E. of Infpruc, and 8 S. E. of Rottenburg^ Lon. II. 46. £. Iat. 47. ^, N. Some (al| it Sc^wat^. ScHWAxTZBtmo, a town apd caflle of Gerpiany, and circle of Upper Saxony, iq the landgravate ot Thurirgia, and capi- tal of 9 county of the fame name, belong- ing to ^ prince of the hpufe of Saxony . If is feated on the rivpr Schwart;;, 20 milei; S. E. of Erford, and 35 N. of Culkmbach. Lon. II. 27. E. Iat. 50. 45. N. ScHWARTzi:MBiRG,a town of Germa- ny, in the circle of Franconia, and capital of a principality of the f»me name. The caftl^ is feated on the river Lee, 5 miles N. W.of Nuremburg, and lo E. of Wenzbutg, fub- je£l to icsownprincf. Lon, 10. 27. £. Iat. 49- 43- N. ScHWEiDNiT?, a Arong town of Ger- many, in Silefia, and capital of a province of the fame name, with a caHle. It is tl.f handfomefl town of Sikfia, next to Bredaw. The rtieets are large, the church fine, and the houfes well built. The fortifications are not very confiderable ; the royal palace is turned into a convent. All the magiOrates are Roman Catholics, but moft of the inha- bitants arc Proteflants, who have a churi(i without the town, a$ ajfo a public fchool and bells. It is feated on an eminence on the river Weiftritz, 17 miles S. E.of Lignitz, and 22 S. W. of pre{]aw. Io, tn the W. of Metelin, to the N. E. of Negrrf- pont, and to the S. E. of Sciati. It is t ; miles in lengih, aiid S in breadth. It is » mountainous country, but h.-is no minetf. The vmes make the beauty of : he iflanr), and the wine is excellent ; nor do the natives want wood. There is but one village, and that is built on a rock, which ran<> up like a fugar-loaf, and is 10 miles from the har- bour, of St. George. The inhabitants are all Greeks, the Cadi being the only luik among them. Sc LA Von I A, a country of Europe, be- tween the rivers Save> the Drave, and the Danube. It is divided into 6 counties, viz. Pofegra, Zabrab, Creis, Warafden, Zreim, and Walpon, and belongs to the houfe of Aullria. It was formerly called a kingdom, and is very narrow, not being above 75 miles in breadth j bat it is 300 in length, from the frontiers of AuHria to Belgrade. The eaftein part is called Rats^ia, and the inhabitants Raizians. Thefe from a parti- cular nation, are of the Greek church. The language of Sclavonia is the niotber of four others, namely, thofe of Hungary, Bohemia, Poland, and RulTta. * ScoLK, a village in Norfolk, with one fair, on Eafter-Tuefday, for horfei> and toys. Scone, or Scoon, a town of Scotland, in the county of Perch. It is the place where the kings of Scotland were ufually crowned, and is 30 miles N. of Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 15. W. lat. 56. aS. N. * ScopzLO, an ifland of the Archipela- go^ 5 miles £. of Sciati, and 17 N. of Ne- gropont. It lies at the entrance of the gulph of Salonica, and is about 10 miles in length, and 5 in breadth. It is very fertile, produces plenty of good wine, and contaitift ix,ooo inhabitants^ who are ;ilmofl ail Greeks. * SceriA, or Uscafia, atown of Tur- ky in Europe, on theconAneiof Bofhia, and capital of a fan^^iacate ; feated on the river Vardar, ever which there is a badge cf ift arches, and is an archbifliop's fee. It is 67 miles W. of Sophia. Lon. la. 15. £. lat. 42. zo. N. ScoTLAMn, the kingdom of, is the K. part of the ifland of Great-Brirain, which is now united to England, and both together Xxx» .-Tj ,...",**. 4. 5i malt* ' I' U •ill ^ c o SEA ,fftftf(c bttt one natiao. Ic U boanried on all ] what is f»id of their precioui flonef, fotit fldes by t»ie Ocean, except the S where it is iiepaiated from England by the river Twei d, towards the £. by Cheviot hills, and th'^ ri- ver Eik, and Solway-Friih towards the W. It is generally reckoned 3S0 miles in length, from Aldermouthhead, near the ifle of Mull, to Buchanefs, and 190 in breadth, where it is broadeft. Defides the main land, there are 300 iftands belonKing to Scotland, feme of which are very coniiderable. Thefe •re called the WeAern iHands, the Orkneys, and the SchetUnd i(1::s. The air is Rfne- rally wholefome, though colder than that oi England ^ bur it is purified by the winds, which are pretty Arong and fiee made of their iiiheries. Ti^y liave mines of feveral forts, particularly of lead, with quarries of free-ftone for buildinir ; fo that the principal towns are «onAiu6)ed <^ith mulling elfe. They have mines of ■very good coal, great quanties of which are brought-to London, and is known by the name of Scot,^h coal. WitU. regard to , and (ilver mines, and other uncommon pro- ductions, we fhall pafs over in filence. The cAablif. .d religion in Scotland, is the Pief- byterian : however, all others are tolerated, or at leaft connived at. As for the rivers and lakes, we fhall take notice of the prin* cipal, in their proper places, ScoTLAKD, New. SeeAcania. * ScoTTta, a village in LincolnAiire, with one fair, on July 10, for horfes and goods. • ScoTTO, a village in Norfolk, wi^Ii one fair, on EaAer-Tutfday, for horfes and petty chapmen. ScBiTAN, a fea-port town of S. Amert« ca, in Terra Firma, and in the province of Darien, 50 miles E. of Porto- Bello. Lon. lis. o. W. lat. 10 o. N. Scutari, a large and populous town of Tuiky in Europe, and capital of Upper Al- bania ; fea ted on the lake Zera, at the mouth of the river Bocana. It is well for* tified, is a bi/hop's fee ; and ao miles N. £. of Antivari, and 47 N. W. of Albanopoli. Lon. 19. 35. E. lat. 42. 5. N. Scuta at, a large and handfrme town of Turky in Afia, and Natolia, with a well frequented harbour jfeated on the W. Ada of ConAantinople, to which it is looked upon asafuburb, being direfilyovcr-againft it. It contains a very handfcme mofque, and is built on tlie Ade of a hill. Lon 29. 5. £. lat. 41.45. N. ScYLtA, a rock, or rocks, in the Faro of MefTina, over-af.ainft a whirlpool, for^ merly called Charybdis. They lie before Cape Seglio, and make a great noife, and art veiy dangerous when the fea is much agitated. ScvTHiA, anciently a lar^e country of Afia, often taken notice of by the Roman writeis, whofe bounds were never accu- rately determined ; however, we are ceftaia it included modem Tartary. * Sdilles, a famous ifland of the Archipelago, aAd one of the Cyclad<;s, for- merly called Delos. There is Aill to be ften the ruins of the temple of Apollo, wi;h many other Ane remains of magniAcent buildings; near to this, is another called Little Sdilles. Lon. 25. 45. £• lat. 37. aa. N. Seafobd, a fei.port town in Suflex, whofe market is tifufed, but it has two fairs, on March 14, and July 15, for ped- lars wares. Tt is 8 miles S. by E. of Lewes, and 101 S. by £. of London. Lon. o. 9. E. lat. 50. f;a. N. * Seamork, a village in Yorkfhire, with one fair, on July 1 5, for boots, ihoes, and horfea. StATON, in the county of Forth, 9 1 ». 44. W. lal •Seaton one fair, on • Sbaux, from Paris, famous for a now belong whofe gardei Sebasti lous, and Ar vioce of Gu frequented h of a mountai two mples, Aiips. The double wall, Aed with b ilreets are paved with t are pretty and the envi Ties on a gre Utat feveral the fame hot tain is a Arc cannon, havi trade confiAf take to be tl deal in woe tile. It is s N.W. ofPai 43.23. N. •Sebasi Come town 4>iAiop'S fee, fort. The monks have are much at all forts of ( of the gover 16. W. lar. Sebenii Dalmaiia, \ fame name, harbour, a to the Ven< attempted near the m< gulph of V and 25 S. I 44. 10. N. Seburc lands, in I ciennes, ai £. lat. 50. Sbcani Aan, and i fuppofcd tl SEC ScATOM, » fea-port town of Scotland, in tlie couoty of Lothian, featcd on tl)e trith of Forth, 9 miles £. of Edinburgh. Lon. X. 44.. W. lat. 56. o. N. *SEATON,a viilageof DevonOiire, with one fair, on March i, for cattle. * Sbaux, a town of France, 5 miles fiom Paris, on the road to Orleans. It is famous for a magniticerit palace, or caflle, iiow belonging to 'he duchefs of Maine, whofe gardens arj e.'tiemely pleafant. Sebastian^ St. a handfome, popu- lous, and Aronf; town of Spain, in the pro- vince of Guipufcoa, with a good and well frequented harbour. It is feated at the foot of a mountain, and the harbour fecuied by two mples, and a nariow entrance for (he fhips. The town is furrounricd with a double wall, and to t!'e fea fide it is forti- Aed with baHions and half-moons. The ilreets are long, broad, and ftiaight, and paved with white fiag-Aones. The houfes are pretty handfome, the churches neat, and the environs are very pleafant. Ic car- ries on a great trade, a.id is fo populous, tliat feveral families are obliged to live in the fame boufe. At the top of the moun- tain is a Arong citadci, well furnilhed with cannon, having a garrifon. Their greateA trade confiAs of iron aiid ftee), which fome take to be the beft in Europe ; they alfo deal in wool, which comes froni Old-Caf- tile. It is 50 miles E. of Bilboa, and 50 N. W. of Paoipeluoa. koii. i. 59. W. lat. 43. 83. N. * Sebastian, St. a large and band- iome town of S. America, in Brafil, with a •bUhop's fee, a large harbour, and a fmall fort. The Jefuits and the Benedictine monks have hcufes here. The inhabitants are much addicted 10 pleafure, and pra£)ife all forts of debauchery. Ic is the reOdence of the governor of the province. Lofl. 34. 16. W. lat. z2. 59. S. See EN I CO, a Arong Tea-port town of Dalmatia, and capital of a county of the fame name, with a bifhop's fee, a large harbour, a fort, and a caAle, It belongs to the Venetians, and the Turks have often attempted in vain to take it. It is feated near the moutli of the river Cherca, in the gulph of Venice, 37 miles Ni of Spolatto, and 25 S. £. of Zara. Lon. 16. 43. £. lat. 44. 10. N. S K B u R G , a to wn of the French Nether- lands, in Hainault, i 5 miles £. of Valen- ciennes, and II S.of Conde. Lon. 3. 30, £, lat. 50. »4. tJ. Secanpra, a town of Afia, in Indo- Aan, and in the province ct A^rra, This is fuppoftd to have been formerly called Alex- S E G andria, and to be the utmoft boondii of Alexander's conqueftt. It is 3$ mile:; £. of At^ra. Lon. 76. 15. E. lat. 16. 30. N. Secchia, a river of Italy, which has i't fource m the mountains of Carfairnana, and runs on the con6nes of the duciies of Mo- dena and Rcggio, and falls into the Po m little below St. Beneditto. SjiCKAw, a town of Germany, in tli« circle of Auiiria, and in Upper Styiia, with a bi/hop's fee. It btlongs to the houfe o£ AuAria, and is feated on the tiver Gayle 8 miles N. E. of Judenburg, and 90 S. W, Lon. X7. E. lat. 47- >4- of Vienna. N. *S«cKiNGEN, a town of Germany, in Suabia, and one of the foreft towns. There is nothing remarkable in it but a large fquare j ic belon^i to the houfe of AuAria, anH is feared on an ide, formed by the Rhine, i miles S. E. of Rheinfeld, and 27 W. of Schaff haufen. Lon. 8. 4. £. lat. 47. 38. N. Sedan, a Arong town of France, i« Champagne, on the conhne* of Luxembwrg. Ic is one of the moA important keys in the kingdom ; and there is a very Arong caAle^ a well furnifhed arfenal, and a fine man«» factory of woollen cloth and Auffs. Ic ie feated on the river Maefe, 3a miles S. E. of Charlemont, and 135 N.£. of Fails. Lon* 5. a. £. lat. 49. 4a. N. * Sedburc, a village in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire, on the borders of Lancaihire, with two fairs, on March 20, and Odtobet 29, for horned cattle. * Seeching, a town of Norfolk, with a market on every fecond Tuefday, for fat bullockfi, but no fair. It is feated on « fmall navigable river, near which there arc rich paAures for cattle, 4 miles S. of King'f Lynn, and 94 N. by E. from London. Lon. o. 13. E. lat. $1. 44. N. Sefz, a town of France, in Lower Nor. mandy, vvith a biihop's fee, a Benedidine abbey, and 3000 inhabitants. It is feated in a pleafant country, on the river Orne« near the foreA of Efcouvet, 12 miles N. oJF Alenzon, and 702 W. of Paris. Lon. o. 15. £ lat. 4S. 36. N. Segebkrg, a town of Germany, in the duchy of HolAein, and in Wagria, with a caAle ftanding on a high mountain, con* (lAing of lime-Aone, large quantiiies of which are carried to Hamburg and Lubeck, It belongs to Denmark, and is feated on the river Trave, 25 miles S. of Kiell, and 17 N. of Hamburg. Lon. 10. 23. E. lat. 54. S.N. Segkoin, a Arong town of Lower Hun- gary, in the county of Czongrad, with a caAle. The ln»i.eualiAs look it from the Turks S E G Torfttin i€S6. It U feated at the conlla* •rce of the riveis Teifle and Mafroch, 5 mites S.E.ofColocza, and 62 S. W.of Wa- tadin. L<>n. 20. 1^. E. lar. 4C. 15. N. SECESWAi,a (own of Tranfilvania, and capital of a county of the Canut name. It is built in the form of an ampfjiheatre, en the £6t of a hill, near the liver Kokel, 50 Biitet N, W. of L'ronftadt, and 37 N. uf Her- manfladt. Lon. t^. 59. £ liit. 57. 14. N. SiGtWOLD, i.rSEWOLD, a tOA R of tlic Bultioo empire, in Livonia, and in the pro- vince of L^et'ia, feated on the river Tretden, 5 miles S. £. of Treiden, and 27 N. E, ol Riga. Lon. 7. 5. 13. E. lat. <,7. 14. N. Secna, or Sbgni, a iliong town of Croatia, with a Arong fort, a good hatboor, and a bifhop's fee. It belongs to the houfe of AufUia, and is feated on il ftru£luic is (he Caf« de la K4oned», or th* mint, whofe towcrt are all covered with lead. It is feated in a valley, fuf'rounded with a ri*er, on which are mills, employed in coinings and by which every thing it done in an inftafnt t for they can coin at much money here in a day/ at at other pUces iin a ttiohth. The aquedodl is a work of the Romans, and ferves to bringwater into the town, being 3000 paces in length, and fupported by 177 arches of a prodigi- ous heights They confift of tviro rows, one placed above the other. It it feated on a mountain between two hills, near the ri- ver Arayada, 35 milet N. W. of Madrid, and 67 E. by S. of Salamancha. Lon. j. 2 1. W.lat. 40. 56. N< Segovia^ New, a town of N. Ameri* ca, in New bpain, and in the audience of Guarimala } feated on the river Vare, on the confines of the province of Honduras. Lon. 84. 35. W. lat. 13- 25. N. Segoviaj a town of Ameiica, in Terra Firma, and in the province of Venezuela^ feated on a river, near i very high moun« tain, where there are mines of gold, 15 miles from Tuqueyo. Lon. 65. 45. W. lac. 7, 55. N. Segovia, a fownof Afia, rn the ifland of Manila, and one of the largeit of the Philippines, feated at (he N. end of the ifland, 240 miles N. of Manila, and fub» }tQ. to Spain. Lon. 109. o. E. lat. 18. 30. N. Secra, a river of Spain, which rifes in the Alps, and runs S. W. through Catalonia, pafTing by Puicerda, Urgel, Balaguer, Le- rida, and Mequinenza, where it falls into the Ebro. Segur A, a town of Portugal, in the pro- vince of Beira, in the dif^ridt of Caftel Blanco, on the confinet of Spanifli Eftra* madura, with a caftie flanging on a moun- tain. It is near the rivers Elia and Tajo, 8 miles S. E. of Callel Branco, and 30 N. W. of Alcantara. Secura, a town of Spain, in NewCaf> tile, and territory of La Mancha, feated among the mountains of Segura, 35 miles N. E. of Baeza. Lon. 1. 50. W. lat. i^ 25. N. . • Segur A, a river of Spain, w'nichrifet in the mountains of Segura, in Andalufia, croffcs Murcia, and part of Valencia, then falls into the fea at Guadamar. * St ID, orSA\B, a town of Turky, in Afia, and in Syria, with a harbour on tlie Mediterranean Sea. It is now inconfider- able to what it was formerly, and it feated on anidand^ wheic there it a citadel, and % a mag- S E L S E M a mtgn'tficent bridge to pafs to it, '3$. 55. E.lat. 33. 10. r?. Ion. * SsicNELKY, a town of France, in Burgundy, and in the cliocefe of Auxent, feaied on a hill, half a mile foiik tiic nteis Senainand Jonne, will) the titlt; of 9 mar (quifate, and a caAle. * Seinc, St. a town of France, in |!urgundy, and in thedjoccf<; of pijun, with PL rich Benedi^ine abl>«y. * St INI, a river of France, which has fXt fourre in Burj^pndy, near Chanceaiix, )5 miles from Tijon ; and, aficr hawing watered part of Fiance, it luns through Pa- ris, and fails into tiie ocean at Havre de Grace. Skinshiim, a town of Germany, intlie circle of Franconia, with a caA)e, 35 piiles N. W. of t^urpniburg. Lop. 10. 15. E. lat. 49> 40. N. Seir, or HoR, a moi^ntain of Afi?, in Arabia Petrxa, which fo for cattle, line tin, and cop- per ware. It is feated on the river Quh, on which fmqil velTels pafs to York, and is a place of fome trade,' iz mileS S. of York, and 17X N. by W. of London^ l^n. o. 55. W. lat. S3. 4S.N. * iSBLCuciA, anciently a townofAfia Minor, and in Cili>:ia, withanarchbifhop's fee. It is now in Carin^ania, 10 miles from the fea-coaO, and 58. W. of Tarfus. Ic is at pr^fent called Selefhia. * Sbleucia, anciently a town of Afia Minor, in Ifauria, with a bifhop's fee. It !s at prefent in Carimania, and in Natolia, ^o miles N. W. of Per^a. It was here the emperor Trajan died ; it is at piefent called tparazafat. Sbleucia, anciently anepifcopal town of Afia, in Mcfopotamia, and in AfTyria, fuppofed to be the fame as novy called Bag- dad, which fee. * Selbucia, an ancient epifcopal town of Afia, in Syria, called at prefent Seleuca liber. It feated on the fea coafi, 8 miles |i, of Antioch. * Selinge, a village in Kent, with two fairs, on May zi, and OfVbber 11, for |iorfes, cattle, and pedlars ware. SELINGI^SKov, a town of Afia, in the RufTtan empire, and in th^ province of Si- t>eria, feated on a river of the fame name, 9Ud the moftadyancfdfortiefi |ovr«rdsQbina in the poflTcflion of the Ruffians j tKe cam. vans communly pafs by it in travelling to C'tina. Lcn. 95 o. E. lat. 50. o. N. SeLIKOSTAOT, or SeL INOUNST AO, ft town of Germin., in the elcftorate of Menr J, formerly imperial, but now belortgp to the eled^rate of Men z. It is felted at the confluence of t lie rivers Gernfpent2 and Main, 6 miles S. W. of Francfort, and la N. W.of Mer.ia. Lon. 8. i». E. lat. sa. O.N. • Selivrca, a town of Turky in Euv rope, in Romania, feated on the fea of Marmora, with an archbithop's fee. It wa* a large place, divided into th« upper an4l lower towns, but is now much decayed. It is 3 5 miies W. of Conilantinopte. Lon. sS, 7. W. lat. 41. 4. N. $ K L K I R X, a borough town of Scotland* in the county of Tweeddale, 33 miles S. of Edinburgh. Lon. a. 45. W. iat, 55. »6. ^^. The (hire of SelKu k fend* one aiembtr to pailiament. StLL^s, a town of France, in Berr^ vyith a handfame caDIe, and an abbey, feai* ed on the river Cher, over which there is a handfome bridge, 22 miles S. £. of Bloit, and 105 from P4ris. Lon. |. 40. E. lat. 47. 15. N. Seltz, a town of France, in Lower Al- face, and in the diopefe of Spire, feated oa the Rhine, 270 miles £. of Paris. Lon.l. iz. E.lat, 48. 53. N. $BMKNDRiAH, B towo of Tutky In Eq* rope, in the province of Servia, with a good citadel. It is the capital of a fangiacate^ y^as taken by the Tutks in 1690, and is feated on the Danube, 20 miles S. E.of Belgrade, and 50 S. W. of Temefwaer. Lon. 21. 25. E. lat. 45< 4. N* Semigai.|.ia, tlie ea<^ern part of the duchy of Courland, in Poland, which it feparated by the river Mafza almoA emiieiy from Proper Courland. Mittaw is the ca« pital town. SEMiNAitA,a town of Italy, in the king* dpm of Naples and in the Farther Calabria, 22 miles N. E. of Reggio. Lon. 16. zi [^ lat. 38. 20. N. S E M L I N , a town of Sclavonia, feated on the W. fide of the rivers Danube and Save, oppofite to Belgrade, 70 iniles. S. E. of Ef» feck, and belongs to the houfe of Auftria. Lon. SI. o. E. lat. 4$. o. N. '* SsMFACH, a town of SwifTerland, in the canton of Lucerne, feated on a lake o€ the fame name, to the N. W. of the town of Lucerne. Lon. 8. 1 5. E.lat. 47. la. N. SfMUR, a town of France, in Burgundy, and capital of Auxuis, with a magnificent church, a c«ftlQ, and a (opd rpan)|ti«vwre , ■"■ I SEN of cloth. It is feaied on the rtver Artn«n- Kon, over which there are two handfome biid^es, 37 miles N. of Autun, and t^; S. E. of F;iris. Lon. 4. 10. E. l»t. 47. 18. N. * SiMUR IN Bricnnois, a tovfn of France, and capital of Briennois, is 46 miles N. W. of Lyons, and 175 from Paris, l^n. 4. q. E. lat. 46. 14. N. ScNDOMiR. See Sanpomir. SKNtr, a town of Brabant, in the Au- ftrian Netherlands, 5 milesi S; of Nivelle, famous for a battle gained by the French over the prince of Orange, in 1674. • Lon. 4. 10. E. lat 50.26. N. SjtNEGA, erSiRKOAt, a kingdom of Africa, in Negiol.md, feated on a river of ti vents, a Jefuits college, and two abbeys. SnnatI ftreams run through the Areeis, and it is very advantageoufly feated for trade, wrhere the river Vanne falls into the Yonne. z; miles N. of Auxerre, and 60 S. E. of Paris. Lon. 3. az. E. lat. 48. iz- N. * SiMAz I, a town of France, in Cham- pagne, and in tiie eieftion of Vjrry, feated on the river Saux, near a cold mineral fpring excellent for the gravel. * StruLV£DA, a town ofSpain, inOId Caftile, feated on an eminence near the ri- ver Duraton. SxRAVALLK, a towH of Italy, in the dkjchy of Milan, on the confines of Genoa, 24 miles N. of Genoa. Lon. 19. 15. £. lat. 44. xo. N. Sekcellt, a fea-port town of Africa, in the kingdom oi Algiers, feated a little to the W. of Algiers. Lon. 4. o. £. lat. 37. 0. N, * SiRCHro, a river of Italy, which has its fource in the Appenines, in Modena, It crofTes the valley of Carfagnana, in t^e territory of Lucca, and falls into the Tuf- can Sea, 5 miles from the mouth of the Arno. Skregipps-oel-Rey, a fea-port town ofS. America, in Brahl, and capital of a government of the fame name, 120 miles N. E. of St. Salvador, and fubjed to Portu- gal. Lon. 37. 30. W. lat. 1 1. 7. S. SiRKNA. SeeCoQ.UIMBO. * Serfo, or Serfantk, an idand of the Archipelago, 50 mil«s N. W. of Naxia, and 75 from the eaftern co.ift of the Mo- rea, to the S. E. of the gulph of Engia, 8 mileb in length and 5 in breadth. It is full of mountains and rocks, in which are mines of iron and loadAones. The inhabitams are fo proud of their fine onions, that it never enters their heads to catch (he par- tridges which devour their corn and grapes. They are extremely inc^olent, as well as their anceftors. They are all Greeks, and have but^one town, called St. Nicliolo, which is a poor beggarly place. The wo- men are very fond of Arangers, and in their dances they ufe all forts of lafcivious po- Aures, in order to tempt them. Lon 25 1. £, lat. 37. 10. N. * Skrignan, a town of France, in Lower Languedoc, and in the diocefe of Bezlers, with the feat of an admiralty. * Serongc, a large town of Afia, in the do.minions of the Great Mogul, on the road fiom Surat to Agra. Molt of the in- babitanu are merclianis, and deal in paint- -S E S edcalticoei. L0Q..7;. j. E. lat. 24. is.N* Serpa, a Itrcng town of Portugal, ia Alentejo, on the confines of AndaluG^ feated on a rough eminence where there is a Kood caAle, 3 miles from the river Gua- diana, and 83 S. E. of Lifbon. Lon. 7. 7* W. lar. 37. 51. N. * Srrra Lconc, or Sierra Leoni, a great liver of Africa, -in Guinea, and op the Malagueta coad. Its fource is uncer- tain, but the mouth of it is 10 miles wid0. A little within the mouth is Bens Iflara, where the En^lifh have a faftory. It is bounded by the two famous capes, callefl Tagrin, or Sierra Leone, and Veg«, whicji form a large bay. The country about itU one of the bed in Africa, and the foil ver/ fertile. * Serres, a town of Turky in Europe, with an arclibifhop's fee. It is rtioderj^teiy large, and feated on the river Calicot. Lon. 22. 4^5. E lat. 40 $4. N. Ser R Es, a town of France, in Dauphiny, and in Viennois, and in the el^flion of thp Romans. , Servia, a province of Turky in Europe, bounded on the N. by the rivers Danube and Saus, which feparate it from Hungary, o{n theE. by Bulgaria, on the W. by Bofnia* and on the S. by Albania and Macedonia* about f 90 miles in length frcm E. to W« 95 in breadth from N. to S. and divided into four fangiacates, two of which were ceded to the Chriftiansin 1718, who uni'^d them into one. This continued till 1739* when the Tuiks were vi£toMOus, and i,hfln they were aban'^oned to the Turks by tbo treaty cf Belgrade. The names of them, are Belgrade, Semendriah, Scupia, ai^ Ciatowo. Belgrade is the capital town. Servuio, a caAle feated upon a high mountain, about 4 miles (rom Triefte. Ne$r it is tl c mouth of a famous crvern, in which (he fparry exudations I ave form • Sesti S,E T • SflTT-BI'PlNZMTB, ■ tOWII In tbt territory of Geno*, 5 milt* W. of Genoa. Lon. 9. $0, E. Ut. 44. 14. N. • SitTO, a town of Italy, in the Mita- nefc, to the W. of the river Tcfin, featcd at the place where it proceeds from the Lago Maggiore, SiiTos, a Arong oaftle of Turky in Eu- rope, and in Romania, feated on the Euro- pean fide of the ftreighr of Dardanellet, 14 miles S. W. of Gallipoli. Lon. tj. 31. E. lat. 40. 10. N. • Sistri-oi-Letantk, an ancient town of Italy, in the territory of Genoa. It k U>e refiden'-e of the bifhop of Brugnana, and liens miles W, of Genoa. Lon. 9. 19. E. Ut.44. 3a. N. Set I MO, a town of Italy, in the princi* pality of Piedmont, feated on the river Po, S miles N« of Turin. Lon. 8. »j, E. lat. 1I5. 10. N. ScTiMEs. See Athens. ■ SiTTE, or Cette, a town of France, in Languedoc, otherwife called Port St. Louis, feated where the canal of Languedoc begins, between Montpelier and Agde, 14 miles S. W. of the former. Lon.' 3. 31. £. lat. 43. 36. N. Settle, a town in the W. Riding of Yorklhire, with a market on Tuefdays, and 5 fairs, on Tuefday before Palm Sunday, 'and Good Friday, for horned cattle ; on Apri!26, for flieep} en Auguft 18, 19, 20, 'sJ, and the fifii Tuefday afei OAober 27, for horned cattle, leather, (heep, and lambs. It is feated on the river Ribble, over which 'there is a ftone bridge, 28 miles E. by N. of Lancafter, and 200 N. N. W. of London. '1.00. X. 8. W. lat. 54. 6. N. . , Setvan, a province of A(ia, in China, bounded on the N. by ChanH, on the £. by Koei tcheou, and Yun-nan, and on the 'Vf, by the kingdom of Thibet and fome ether neighbouring countries. It is divided Into 10 6iRr\Q$, which comprehend 10 ci- ties of the firft rank, and 88 of the fecond ■ and third, beiides a great number of garri- Ibnsand forts. It is watered by the great river Yang-tfe-|Ciang, and is vaftly rich, ''rot only «n account of the great quantity of (ilk it producet, but its ininei of iron, / ' fin,' and lead, as well as its amber, fugar- ' ianes, and lapis-laziili. It likewife abounds in muik, pretty fma)l fwift horfes, ft'ags, ' vMfbw-'deer, pa"rtrid\, built by king Charles 11. after the infult of the Dutch, who burnt the men of war ac Chatham. The build- ings belonging to it, «n which the officers lodge, make a pretty little neat town ; and there is alfo a yard and a dock, a chapel and a chaplain. Lon. o. 50. W. lat. 51. Sheffield, a town in the W. Riding of Vorkfliire, with a market on Tuefdays, and two fairs, on Tuefday after Trinity-Sunday, and November 28, for cattle and hurfes. It is feated on the river Don, or Dune, and had a flrong caftle, which was demoliflied in the late civil wars. It is a larif^e place, wliofe houfes are built of Acne, and '■ a been long noted for edj^e tools, kv;i eb, and fwords J for Chaucer, in one '/t. !iis tales, takes ?;otice ot a man with a S'. ,.ieid whit-, tie hy Lis tide, it is now... '.Jace "^.-si there is liie moii c|U>!>s, and two fairs, on June 12, and Tuefday after Oflober 10, for horfes, cows, and Iheep. It is feated on the river Scour, and is an ancient place, though not very large; 14 miles W. of Banbury, and 75 N. W. of London. Lon. I. 35. W. lat. 3a. 5. N. Shog l b, a town of Afia, in Syria, feated on the river Afi, anciently called Orontes, over which there is a bridge of 13 arches. It is a large, difagreeable place, but there is a good caravanfary, where every traveller is fupplied with a competent portion of bread, broth, and meat. It is 18 miles S. by E. of Antioch, and 45 S. W. of Aleppo. Lon. 37. o. E. lat. 36. 1. N. Shoriham, a fea port town in SuiTex* with a market on Saturdays, and one fair, on July 15, for pedlars ware. It is com- monly called New-Shoreham, to di{\ingui(h it from the old, which lies near ir, and is now of little account. It is feated on an arm of the fea, which makes it a place of fome trade, but it has no fafe harbour. It is a corporation, and fends two members to parliament ; and is 16 miles N. W. of New- haven, and 50 S. by W. of London, Lun. c. iz. W. lat. 50. 50. N. The market is now difufed. * Shodldham, a village in Norfolk, with twojairs, on September, 19, andOflo- ber 10, for cattle and toys. Shrewsbury, a town of Shropfhire, with three maikets, on Wednefdays, Thurf- days, and Saturdays, and 7 fairs, on Sa- turday after March 15, Wednefday after Eafter-week, Wednefday before Whitfun- day, for hntfes, horned cattle, flieep, cheefc, linen, and cloth ; on July 3, and Augu/t 12, for horned cat le, horfes, hogs, cheefe, Tlnen, (heep, and lambs wool ; on Odlo- ber 3, and December 12, for horfes, fheep, hogs, buiter, cheefe, and linen. It is feated S I A in the heart of the county, on a pleaftnt •(" cent, and on the banks of the Severn, which almofl furrounds it. It contains 5 pariih ctiurches, befidet a chapel, two of which are handfome ftruAures, adorned witli lofty fpire-Accples. It is a large place, with handfome houfetand good ilreets, full of inhabitants. It ii fiiriounded with a (Irong wall, through wh^ch theie are three gates, and on the E. and W. two good ftone bridges. It had an exceeding ftrong caAle, now in ruins, and it is the common mart between England and Wales, to which all forts of Welch commodities are brought. It is a corporation, with the title of an earldom, has a large free-fchool, and fends two members to parliament. It is governed by a mayor, la aldermen, a recorder, 24. common-council men, and a lown-clerk. The town is near two miles long, and the flreets moAly broad, and paved. It is 40 miles W. of Litchfield, 21 N. W. of Bridge- noith, and 176 N. W, of London. Lon, 2.46. W, lat. 52.43. N. Shropshire, an Englilh county, 4S miles in length, 28 in breadth, and bounded by Chefliite on the N. Denhij^hdiire and Montgomery (hi re on the W. Herefordfhire on the S. and Staffordftiire on the £. Ic contains 22,380 hrufes, 139,680 inhabi- tants, 170 parilhes, and 16 market-towns, 5 of which fend members to parliament, which, with two for the county, make is in all. The principal rivers are, the Se. vern, which runs through the midfl of th« county, the Terne, the Clun, and the Rea, with feveral other lerter fireams. The W, and S. parts are mountainous, but the £• and N. more plain and level ; however, the foil is pretty fertile every where, yielding corn and paAures, befides pit-coal, iron, and other commodities. The air is fharp> and cold on the tops of the hills and moun- tains, but in the lower parts temperate enough. Shruwlbury is the capital town. * Shroton, a village in Dorfetfhire, with one fair, on September 25, for horfes, bullocks, flieep, and all forts of haberdalhery ware. Si AM, a kingdom of Afia, in the E. In- dies; bounded on the N. by that of Laos; on the E. by Cambaya and Keo ; on the S. by a gutpb of (he fame name ; and on the W. by t' e peninfula of Malacca. It is 550 miles in length, and 250 in breadth, tho* in fori.e places not above 50. It is divided into t''« Higi'cr and Lower, and the foil produces plenty of rice, cotton, and fruits, but difFc(en: from thofe in Europe. The animals are alfo particular to thofe parts of the world. The Frcneh author* have cried it S I A it «p M the ftneft and riehtft esAntry In th« world, and y«t tha inhabitanli, both men and women, go almoft naked. The better fort indeed wear rich garments j and yet tbofe about the court are under a miferable fabJeAion to the king, who (hewt himfelf bat once a-year to the common people. He it proprietor of all the lands in the coun- try, and no one can buy any merchartdizee till he has (he refufai of them. He gene- rally keeps a numerous army, among which there are looo elephants, and it ia faid he can bring % 50,000 men into the Aeld. It is a flat country, which in the rainy feafon it overflowed ) for which reafon moft of the koufei arc built on pillars, and they have no communication for fome months but by boats. Their religion it Paganifm, but are an honeft fort of people, thinking that do- ing good both to men and beaAs is the prin' cipal part of their duty. Polygamy is law. lul, and the failors that have been there af- firm, that the women are at amorous at any in thefe parts) which it no wonder, for for- Bication is not looked upon at a fault. There are minet of gold, (ilver, tin, and copper, and they have plenty of pepper, aloet, ben* jamin, and muik. The women are the only merchantt in buying goodi, the men being generally maintained by the Induflry of (heir wives. The Europeans that come there to trade, generally take wivei for the ' time they ftay, who are not left in eAeem when the men are gone. The mandarint, that it, the principal men who daily attend the palace, are 3000 in number, and are whipt very feverely with fplit rattans for the leaft fault; even the ladies are not ex- empted from thit punlfhment J and they are to far from being alhamed of it, that Chey cxpofe their backt at they go along the fireets, to (hew what they have undergone, thinking it an lionour to be taken notice of by fo great a king} however, the other parts of the bodies are covered with a thin fcarf. The inhabitantt are well fhaped, have large forheads, little nofes, handfome mouths, plump lips, and black fparkling eyes. Both fexes go bare-headed, and the men are of an olive colour, with little beards ; but the women of a ftraw com- plexion, and fome have their cheeks a little red. They have abundance of wild animals in the woods, as elephants, rhinocerofTcs, leopards^ and tygers. Their tame cattle are, beeves, bufTaloes, and hogs, of which they have plenty about their faims. nefides which there are large and dangerous crocodiles, and ferpents zo feet long. Their temples and pnefls are very numerous ; the latter diAinguiHied from the latty by an orange S I B Qo)otirti girment, Md they keep thtlf heads, Searda, andeyebrowt clofe (haved. They have fchoelt for the educaHoii of thcif children, and there it fcarc* any among them but what cah read and write. Odiam, Juthia, or Juda, is the capital town. * Si At A, a town of S. America, In Bra- 01, rand capital of a captainihip of the fame name, which liea between ihofe of Maiag- nan and Rio-grande, 06 the N. coall. In the neighbourhood it a fort, built upon a mountain, near the river Siara. Lon. 39. 3$. W. Ut. 3. 15. S. Sua, a province of Afla, In the empir* of the Great Mogul } bounded on the N. by Naugracut } on the E. by Great Thibet ; on the S. by the provincetof Oor and lam- ba ; and on the W. by Bengal. In thit country there it a large lake, from whence the river Gangei procecdi. It is very little known to Europeani. Slim I A, a large courtry, comprehend* ing the moft northern pfrt of the Ruflian empire, in Afla. It it bounded on the E. by the Oeean ; on the S. by Great Tartary } on the W. by Ruflia j and on th^ N. by the Frozen Ocean. It it about 2000 milea in length from E. to W. and 750 in breadtb from N. to S. Hither the czar fendt the great men of hit court into exile that have difpleafed him, at well at all other perfona of whom he would purge the center of hit dominions. The S, part it a very good country, producing all the neceffariet of life { but the N. part it extremely cold, al- moft uncultivated, and thin of people. The principal riches of Siberia confift of fine (kins and fun. Tobolikoi is the capital town, where the viceroy refidet. The inhabitania are of three forts. Pagans, or the natives of the country, Mahometans, and Mufcovites : the former dwell in forefts ia the winter, and in the fummer on the banks of rivers ; their garments are tlie (kins of wild beaftt. They have bowt, arrowt, a knire, and a kettle, in which all their richea confift. They make ufe of rein deer and dogt, in- ftead of horfes, to draw their Hedges. They have feveral idols, which they are fome' times difpleafed with, and will either beat or burn them. They don't all ufe the fame ceremonies, fo that they are different in dif- ferent parts J but they all live in wretched huts, which they remove from place to place. Thofe in the fouthern parts are not much more polite, but they have horfes with which ihey go a- hunting, and their houfts, (hough poor, are not fliified from place to place. Nor are the Mahometan Tartars, who dwell in thefe parts, fo ugly as in oiher places. As for the Ruifiars - a fettled SID ^etftttd htre, thty arc mvieh ih« fame at in their native country. It ii through thii yaft traA of land that RufHan caravani tra- vel every year, ^whcn they carry their mer« chandifei to China. There are feveral lat ge rivers in id which fupply the inhabitant! with large quantities of A(h, on which many of them chiefly live. Thcfe rivera are taken notice of in their proper places, SiBBT. SeeZtiBT. SicHBM, or ZicHBM, » town of tha Auftrian Netherlands, in Brabant, feated on the river Demur, and to the S. of it is a celebrated monaOery. It is i8 miles E. of Mechlin, or Malines. Lqn. 3. 50 E. lat. ^1. 6. N. SiciLv, an ifland of the Mediterranean Sea, almoft in the form of a triangle, ter- minaiing in three points, or capes; that which is neared Italy it called Capo del Faro { that which regards the Morea, Capo Pa(raro; and the third, which pointa to Africa, Capo di Boco. As Sicily is an ifland, it can be only bounded by the Tea } how- ever, it is feparated from the kingf^om of Naples 'by a narrow freight, called the Faro i but as MefTma is feated on it, it is called the Faro di MefTma. This is about 5 miles in breadth, and in it are the famous fhelves called Scylla and Charybdis, fo much celebrated by the Latins poets. The two kingdoms of Naples and Sicily are under Che fame climate, and the produAions are niuch the fame, only Sicily abounds much more in corn, particularly in the vallies of Noto and Mazara ; but then there are fewer trees and fruits: the valley of De- mona has more forefts and fruit-trees than the two others. It it faid to contain one million of inhabitants, who in general have a very bad character. They formerly culti- vated fciences here, and there was an uni- verfiry at Catanea, but now they are greatly neglected' It is faid there are mines of all kinds, but it does not appesr that they de- rive any advantage from them. Tt is di- vided into the vallies juil mentioned, called by them Val di Demona^ Val di Noto, and Val di Mazara, which are taken notice of in their pioper places. Don Carlos became king of the Two Siciles in 1736, in confe- quence of the treaty of Vienna ; but the king of Spain dying in 1760, he fucceeded to tiiac crown, and his third fon, Fer- dinand, hecnme king of the Two Sicilies. Mount /Etna, now called Gibello, the fa- mous volcano, is in Val di Demona. It is about 165 miles in length, and lit in breadth ; and its produce not already men- tioned, is wine, oil, filk, and excellent fruits. SiBAYE, a ftrong town of Afia, on the S I E N. ceaA ef tht lAand of Java. la thtt. In- dlei, with a harbour. Lon. 113. 15. E.lat. 6. 40. S. SlOBN. See OlOBDA. * SiDBBOCAPSA, a town of Turky la Europe, and in Macedonia, famous for • gold-mine in its neighbourhood. It ia f milet from the gulph of Conieflfa. Loa. 13 44. B. lat. 40. ]o. N. * SioLAM, a village in Dorfetftilrt, with one fair, on December 6, for all fortt of cattle. * SioLBY, a village in Suflex, withon* fair, on Monday after June 39, for pedlara ware. SiDMOUTH, a fea port town of Daven- (hire, with a fmall market, and two faira« on Eafter-Tuefday, and Monday afiar Sep- tember 10, for cattle. It is a fmall iifliing town, feated on the fea-fliore, and was for- merly pretty confiderable, before irt harbenr was choaked up. It is la miles S. E. o( Exeter, and 1 1, 7. W. by S. of London. Lon. 3. 17. E. lat. 50, 40. N. Si DON, or Sayd, a fea-port town of Afla, in Syria, and in that part formerly called PaleAine. It was anciently a place of great ftrength, had an extenfive trade, and is faid to be the place where glafs was invented. It is ftill a place of fome note, has a good caftle, and a pretty well fre- quented harbour. It is alfo the refidence of a Turkifli bafhaw. It is 45 milos W. of Damafcus, and is feated on the fea-(hor«. Lon. 36. 15. E. lat. 33. 33. N. StDBA, an ifland of the Archipelago, ly-<. ing on the coafl of Sicania, between the gulph of Napoli and that of i£gina. Lor>* 14. o. E. lat. 37. o. N. Si DBA, a fpacious gulph on the coaft of Barbary, between Tiipoli andBarca, which tfiket its name from a fmall ifland at the bottom of the gulph. SiBOBN, a town of Germany, in Wete« ravia, with a caftle, and the title of a prin- cipality, which it gives to a branch of the houfe of Naflau. It is feated on a river of the fame name, 17 miles N. W. of Dillen- burg, and 37 £. of Cologne. Lon. 8. 5. E. lat. 50. 43- N. S1KGBBUR6, a town ef Germany, in the circle of Wettphalia, and duchy of Burg. It is fubjeA to the elector Palatine, and is 15 miles fiom Cologne. Lon. 7. o. E. lat. 50. 40. N. Sienna, 4 large, ancient, and cele- brated ciry of Italy, in Tufcany, and capi- tal of the Siennfe, with an archbifliop's fee, a famous univerfity, and a citadel. It ia about 4 miles in circumference, and fur- rounded with an eld wall. The metropo-- Utan JL: S I L llran church iimuchefteemed by (raTclleri, and though it is a Gothic AruAure, the aixhitedare is admirable. It is built with black and white marble, and the pavement it of Mofaic work, h is not very popu> lous, but the women have more freedom than in any other place in Italy. It is •domed with a great number of palaces, fountains, and fuperb churcl^es ; as alfo a magnificent hofpital. The great area is round, and the laufes about it are of the fame height, fupported by piazzas, under which people may walk in all weathers; in the middle is a bafon, which they can fill v^ith water at any time, and reprefent a fea- fight with fmall veiTels. The Italian language is taught here with fuch purity, that a great many foreigners frequent it on that account. It is feated on three emi- nences, in a fertile foil, 30 miles S. of Flo- rence, and 105 *T. by W. of Rome. Lon. II. 16. B. lat. 43. 20. N. • SiENKESE, a duchy in Italy; boun- «d on iheN. by t .e Florentino; on the S. by the Mediterranean Sea, and the duchy of Caftro ; on the E. by the Peru^ino, and Orvietano ; and on the W. by the Floren- tino, and the Tufcan Sea ; being about 55 miles in length, md as much in breadth. The foil is pretty fertile, efpecially in n-.ul- berry-trees, which feed a ^'eat number of filk-worm": and there are fevti,;! mineral fprings. Siennr is the capital town. Sierra Leoni. ScsSikka Leonk. Sierra Mcrkn-4, mountains of Anda- lufia, in Spain. SiFANTO, or SiPHAjJTO, an ifland of the Archipelago, to the W. of Paros, to the N. t. of Milo, and to the S. W. of Ser- phanto. The air is fo good here, that many of the inhabitants live to the af.e of 120, and their water, fiuits, wild fowl, and poultry, are excellent, but more erpecially the grapes. It aboundit with marble and granite, and is one of the mod fertile, and bed cultivated of thefe iflands. The inha- bitants employ ti)emfelvcs, in cultivating olive trees, and capers, and they have very 'good filk. They trade in fig>, onions, wax, honey, and ftraw-hars, and may be about jcoo in all. Lon. 25.15 E. lat. 58. c.N SiGAN, a town of Afia, and capital of the provincs oi Kenfi, in China, where there are a great number of palaces. It is built in' the torm of an ampiiitheatre, rn the rierCuti, ir a pleafant country, Lon. J08. 25. E. lat. 35 «;o. N, SiGETH, a town of Lower Hunpary, and capital of a county of the fame name. It is feated in a morafs, and h^s a triple wall, with ditches full cf water, and is de- S I G fended by a citadel, being one of th« (Irongefl places in Hungary. It now be* longs to the houfe of Auflria, and was re- taken from the Turks in 1669; after it had been blocked up two years. It is 53 miles N. W. of Effeck, and 38 W. by S. of Co- locza. In fome maps it is called Zigat. Lon. 18. 30. £. lat. 46. 35. N. SiGisTAN, a province of AHa, in Per- fia ; bounded on the N. by Sableftan, and Corafan ; on the W. by Kerman; on the E. by the dominions of the Great Mogul j and on the S. by Makeran. It is furroun- ed with high mountains, and is but little known to the Europeans, * Sic NT, a town of France, in Cham- pagne, and in the geneiality of Chalons, with an abbey worth 38,000 livres a- year. * SiGTUNA, an ancient town of Swe- den, in>iypland, feated on the lake Maler, between Stockholm 'nd Upfal. SiGUEMZA,avery ftrong town of Spain, in L>IewCa(\iIe, with an univeifity, an arch- bifhop's fee, and a caftle, in which is an arfenal. It is furrounded with walls, and very well fortified. The univerfity confiAs of feveral colleges, but the mcfl confider- able verSarwige, in a mor^fs, 8 miles Irom Tol» na. Lon. 19. tc. £. 46.40. N. Sinai, a mountain of Afia, in Arabia PetrsM, and in a psninfula formed by the two arms of the Red Sea. Here the law was given to Mofes, for which reafjn the Maiiometans have it in great veneration j and here the Chnftians have a moi. artery, which formerly contained a great number d{ monks ; and there were a great number of little chapels and cells for hermits. The monarttry is furrounded with a hig*! wall, and ihofe that go in and out, are let down, 01 dr?»vn up inbalkets. Lon, 37.0 E lat. 29. o. N. SiNCAPORA, a promontory of Afia, in the E. Indies, and at the S. end of the pe- ninfula of Malacca, oppcfite to I'^e ifland of. Sumatra, which, with the Malacca cosft, form the ftreight of Sincapore. Lon. 102. 25. E. lat. I. o. N. • Stnd, or SiNiM, a province of Afia, and tt ■" moft weltem of the Mogul's domi- nions, on the ^ea-coall. It is bounded on the N. by Buckor, on the E by Je!sltmerc» and Soret ; and on the W. by Perfta. La- ribunder is its Tea mart, and is about 1 5 miles from the fea, feated on a branch of the river Sindi, which is capable of leceiv- ing fhips 01 100 tons. It i& but a village of about loohouTes, built with crooked Ihcks and mud ; but it has a large (tone fo t to protect th« fliips. Taita is t-hecapital lown oi t'is province, which abounds in wheat, rice, and pulfe. The liver Sindi overflowii all the low grounds, in April, May, and June, which leaves a fat flune, that always produces a plentiful crop. The inland parts produce falt-petre, fal-ammoniac, bo- inX, opoponax, afTa fcetids, be2osr, Ia);i8- lazuli, and raw filk. They have alfo ma* nufadtories of cotton, and filk of various kinds ) and they make fine cabinets, inlaid with ivory, and finely lackered. They alfo export great quantities of butter, clarified and wrapt up in duppas, made of the hides of cai titr. Their religion is Mahometanifin, but there are «o Gentoos to i MiifTclman, who have full toleration, and keep their falts j;nd feaHs as formeily. The ladies wt-af hoops of ivory, on both their armt and Ifgs, and svhenthey die, they are burnt with them. They have large bl^cU canle, pxfrellent muttgs to France, ever fmce the year 1643. Lon. 6. 10. E. lat. 49. 41. N. * SiRMicH, an ancient and celebrated town of Sclavonia,and capital of a county of the fame name, with a bifliop's fee ; feated on the river Bofweth, near the Save, 31 miles S. E. of EflTeck, and »7 N. W. of Bel- grade. Lon. lo. 49. E. lar. 4$. 3. N. * S2S8AC,a town of SwifTerland, in the canton of Bafil, and capital of a fmall ter- ritory of Sifgow, feated on a plain. SitsEG, a town of Croatia, on the con- fines of Sclavonia, now very fmall, but has ftill 4 monal^ery. It is feated on the river Save, S mi es from Zagravia, and 45 E. of Caillladt ^ fubjeA to the houfe of AuAria. Lon. 16. 57. E. lat. 45, 40. N. * SissopoLi, a town of Turky in Eu- rope, and in Roma., a, with an archbifhop's fee. It is very thin of people, and feaied on a fnvsll peninfula of the Black Sea, 15 miles S. of ^klembria, and 97 N.W. of Conrtaoi- nopk. Bople. Lon, ! SiS! EROM, town of Frant of a bailiwick (hop's fee ; i'ea the top of whi populous tradi ranee, 45 miU W. of Embrun N • SiTiA, a coaft of the iflt of the fame na Len. «6. 19. SiTT ARI>, circle of Weftj feated near the Roermond, or Lon. 6. o. E. I ruined in 167 Palatine. • SlTTENl mile to the N. rough-fate be bury, providec has nom,iirket Monday, for tober 9, for hard ware, and 41 £. by I £. lat. St- 24 • SiVRAl, and capital of feated on the r Poitiers, and 19. E. lat. 46 • SiauN, the coaft of 1 main land. I water, and pr Skar, an W. Gothland an ancient pa thic kings. It morafs, 5 mi 17N. E.ofFi 58. 16. N. Skren, a mark, and in It is remarka copper, and i 10 miles W. Frederickftar Skix, an the largeft ol miles in leng vided from t nefs, by a length, and 1 great numbe and there «i S K I ^ BOpfe. Lon. 18. o. E. lat. 4s. 3e.tr. SisiEioN, a rich, populous, and (Irong town of France, in Provence, and. capital of a baiHwick of the fame name, with a bi- shop's fee ; i'eared on the fide of a rock, on the top of which i< a fmali citadel. It is a populous trading place, on the river Du- rance, 4; miles N. E. of Aix, and 35 S. W. of Embrun. Lon. 6. i. E. lat. 44 11, N * SiTiA, a town of Greece, on the N. coaft of the ifle of Candta, feaced near a bay of the fame name, $S miles from Candia. Lon. «6. 29. E. lat. 35. 6. N. SiTTAKo, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia, and duchy ot Juliers ; feated near the river Maefe, 17 miles S. of Roermond, on the confines of Limbur<. Lon. 6. o. E. lat. 51. 8. N. It wasalmoA ruined in 1677, and belongs to the elector Palatine. * SiTTKNBwaw, a town in Kent, a mile to the N. of Milton, and a great tho* rough-faie between Rochefler and Canter- bury, provided with feveral gooil inns j but has nomairket, though two fairs, on Whit> Monday, for linen and toys, and on Oc- tober 9, for linen, woollen-drapery, and hard ware. It is 11 miles £. of Rocheder, and 41 £. by S. of Loadon< Lon. o. 45. £. lat. %t.z^, N. •SivRAi, a town of France, inPoitou, and capital of a county of the fame name ; feated on the river Charente, 25 mtles from Poitiers, and loo S. E. of Paris. Lon. o. 19. E. fat, 46. 10. N. * SiauN, a fmail ifland of France, on the cO'itft of Brittany, 8 miles from the main land. It is almoft on a level with the water, and produces only barley. Skak, an ancient town of Sweden, in W. Gothland, where there are the ruins of an ancient palace the re(i|dence of the Go* thic kings. It is feuted on the river Lida, in a morafs, 5 miles from the Uke Wanar, and 17 N. E. of Faicoping. Lon. 14, o. E. lat. 58. 16. N. Skken, a town of Norway, in Den- mark, and in the government of Aggerhuys. It is remarkable for its mines ot iron and copper, and is feated near the Caragate-Sea, 10 miles W. of Tonlburg, and 40 W. of Frcderickftadt. Ski I, an idand in Scotland, iind one of the largeft of the weOern iflands. It is 60 milef in length, and 20 in breadth, and di- vided from the counties of Rofs and Inver- nefs, by a narrow channel, 35 miles ift length, and 10 in breadth. It is cut into a great number of gulphs, and p omontorics, and there «re fevcn high mountains, near S L E each other, m the middle of (he ifland. The valleys aie fruitful in paAurei*, and produce plenty of barley and oais. 1 he iea abcut it is full of fi(h, particularly cod and ling } and theie aie fu'priAng (lioalt of herrings in the feafon. ^KiPTON, a town in the W. Riding of Yorkshire, with a market on Satudays, and ten laiis, on GAober 6, for flax and lioifes} May 13, for homed cattle, and /heep i Palm Sunday-Eve, for horfes ; Ea* fter-Evc for ca tie and (hcep } ti ft, fecond, and third Tuefday after Eafter, ior hoineS cattle} WhitfuM-Eve lor linen-doth, and merctry goods } AuhuII 5, for hoifes, and cloth ; November zo, lor horned cattle ; and December lo, for horfes, broad- cloth, and pedlars ware. It is a handfome place, feated near the river Aire, in a tough, flonyt hilly country, called the Craven, 41 miles S. by E. of Richmond, and 212 N. by W. of London. Lon. a. 10. W. lat. 53. 55. N. * Slagil, a town of Denmark, and capital of a prefedure of the fame name, ia the ifle of Selem, * Sl.gham, a village in SufTex, with one fair, on Eafter- Tuefday, for pedlars ware. * Slacuen, a fmail town of Germany, in Pomerania, feated on the river Wipper, to miles from Rugenwald. * SLAinntjaN, a village in the W.Rid- ing of Yoiklhirt, 6 miles W. by N. of Gif- burn, with 4 fairs, on February 14, April 15, Auguft I, and October 20, for cattle. Sl A N B r, a town of the kingdom of Bo* hemia, formerly a handfome city ) but (ince -Prague is grown fo large, it is much ' dccajed ; however, the caftle is fttll in be* ing. It is iS miles N. W. of Prague. Lon. 13. 40. £. lat. 50. 6. N. Slawkaw, or Austerlits, a town of the kingdom of Bohemia, in Moravia, and capital of a circle of tue fame name ; 10 miles E. of Brinn. Lon. 16. 33. E. lat. 49* 15. N * Sleapoeo, a town ■•> Lincolnlhire, with a maike: on Mondays, and five tairs, on Plough- Monday, Eafter- Monday, and Wt-ii-Menday, for horfes, horned cattle, and (heepi on Auguft iv for provifiont, and on O^ober 10, for homed cattle, and (heep. It is a large well-built place, well inhabited, ind had formerly a caftte, tlis ruins of which are yet to be feen. It i» 1 8 miles S, of Lincoln, and no N, of London, Lon. o. 30. W. lat. 53. 4. N. Sleswick, an ancient and confiderable town of Denmark, and capital cf a duchy of the fame name, in the province of Gotc^ torp, with a bilhop't (te^f fccularized in Mm m' mm '"ni I? S L U i;t6. St. Michacrt diureh, which was ' tUe cathedral, i; a magnificent Arudlurc, and has a chapter of noble ladies, of the proteftant religion. Tins town was much mnre confHerable than it is at prffent, ii having fufferel greatly by the war» ol Germany. It is feated on the gu*ph of Sly, where theie is a guod harbour, 6c miles N". VV . of Lubeck, and i z 5 S. W. of Copen- hagen. Lon. 9 55. E. lat. 54 40. N. Slcswick, the duchy of, or S Jut- land, is abou' 100 miles in length, and 60 ini^readth. It is hounded on tiieN. by N. Jutland J on the E. by the Baltic Sea ; on the S. by HoUlein ; and on the W. by tl;c Ocean. It contains 14 cities, 17 towns, 13 caAles, 278 paiirties, 1480 villages, J62 farms, 116 vvater. mills, and io6 Ken- tiement's fea's. I: is a plcafant, fertile, populous country, and a fovureign duchy. Forme; ly, the king of Denmark had half ol it, and the other belonged to the houfe of Hirrtein-Gottorp} but during the lai't war in the N. ti>e king not ori!y conqu^-red this du-hy, but ihi polT.Tion of it was ton- firmtd to him by tiie treaty of the North, in i7£0. In 173/, a pt'mce of Baieith- Culmbach was mide governor of this du- chy, and refiue& at Gottorp. Sligo, an IriCi county, in t'le province of Connaught, 15 miles in length, nd as much in breadth ; bounded on the E. by that of Leitrim; on the W. by the county of Mayo ; on the N and N, W., by the weftern 0:ean ; rnd on the S. and S. W, by Rofcommon, and Mayo. It contains 5970 houfes, 41 parifhes, 6 baronie*, i borough, and fends 4 members to parliament, % for the county, and 2 for the borough of the (itnt name} whith is the only m?.iket town in the county, and is feated on a bay of the fame name, 30 miles W, of Killalla, and 110 N. E.of Dublm. Lon. 8. 40. W. lat. 54. la. N. * StiNrotD", a village in Su/Tex, with ohefair,on £3fterTuefday,for pedlars ware. Slonim, a town of Poland, in the pro- vfnce of Lithuania, and in the palarir.ate of Kovogrodeck. with a caOle. It is feated on the river Sczraa, 30 miles W, of Novo- grode'jk, and 60 S. E. of Grodno. Lon. a6. 37. E. lat, 52. 4a. N. SiooTiN, or Slot EN, a populous, trading town of the Unite.-! Provinces, in Fricflind, and capftal of Wefter^ioo ; feated on a lake called Siooter-mcr, 3 miles from the Zuider Zee, and 20 N. W. of Sttnwick Lon. 5. ^5. E. Ijt. 51. 57. N. Sluc/k, a large and populous town of Poland, in Lithuania, and capital of a du- chy of the fame name j famous for three bat- S MO tte gained here, by Conftantine d«ke of Ol\iog, over the Tartars, in the reign of Sigifmund I. It is feated on the river Sluczk, 72 miles S. £. of Minflci, and 70 S. of Novogrodeck. Lon. x8. 24. £. lat. S». 36. N. Sluttelburg, a town of RufTia, in the province of Ingria, feated on the S. Mo of the lake Ladoga, 30 miles E. of Peterf- burji;. Lon. 31. zo. E. lat. 60. o. N. Sluys, a town of the Nettierlaiuis, in Dutc'i Flanders, feated oppofite to the ifland of Cidfant, with a very good harbour ; 10 miles N. E. of Bruges, and z? N. W. of Ghent. Lon. 3. 15. E. lat. 51 18. N. Smalanp, or £. GoTHLAMr), aj>ro- vince of Sweden, which makes part of GothIan<1, and is hounded 0x1 the N. by , Oilrugothia, or E. Gothland; on the E. by . the Baltic Se.) ; on the S. by Schonen, and Ble kirgia ; and on the W. by Weftrogo- thia, or W. Gothland. It is about iia miles in length, and 6a in breadth j Calniar i« t'le capital town. Smalkald, a town of Germany, in Franconia, and in the county of Henne- burg ; famous for the confederacy, entered ioto by the German proteAants, againA the emperor, commonly called the League of Smalkald The defign «f it was to defend t!ieir religion and liberties. It is feated on the river Werra, 35 miles S. W. of Erford, and 50 N. W. of Bamberg. Lon. 10. 37. E. lat. ;o. 43. N. It is fiibje£l to the prince of Htffc-Caffel. • Smarden, a town in Kent, with a mrrket on Mondays, and one fair, on Oc- tober 10, for ptdlars ware. It is 11 miles S. E. of MaidAone, and 47 S. E. of Lon- don. Lon. o. 35- E. lat. 51. 11. N. * Smith, a village in Kent, with two fairs, on May la, and Septenkber 29, for hurTes, cattle, and pedlars ware. SMOLih'SKo, a large and Arong town of Ruflia, and capital of a palatinate of the famt! name, with a caAle, feated on a moup- rain, and a bit!hop's fee. It is Arong by its fituation, being in (he middle of a wood, and furrounded by alnmA inacccHiblemoun- ains. It has however been taken and re- taken ffverari times, by the Poles and Piuf- fians ; but the latter have had poflTefTion of it ever fince the year T687. It is feated on the river Nieper, near the frontiers of Li- thuania, 197 milis N. E. of Novogrodeck, and 2',o N. of Kiow. Lon. 33. 5. £. lat. 54. JO. N. Smoleksko, a duchy and palatinate of, RufTia ; bounded on (be N. by Beila ; on t'le E. by the duchy of Mofcow ; on the S. by that of Severia, and the palatinate of Mciilaw J SNA MolAtw ; atid on the W. by the fam* pa1a< tUiate, and by that of Witep(k. It i« fuH of foiells and monntaint, and the caoital town ia of the fame name. SuvKNA, k fca-port town of Turky, in iHia, ar d on* of the large(t and licheft ci- ties of the Levant. Tbe goodnefs of the harbour has cauied it to be rebuilt feveral times, after being de()royed by earthquakes. It ii the lendeEvoufi of merchants from al- moin all parts of the world, and the ma- gazines of their merchandizes. It contains l^ooo Turks, loooo Greeks, i8e»Jews, too Amnenians, and too Franks. The Turks 'k»ve 19 mofqties, the Greeks two churches, the Jews 8 fynaguogues, the Ar nrMniftns one church, and the Latins ^ con- vents. There arr three biihops, one Greek, the other Latin, and the third Armenian. The ftrcets ate more open, better paved, and the f oufes better buitt, than in other towns of the continent. The ftrcet of the Franks is the fineii in Smyrna, and lies ail alonft the harbour. It is 8 days journey from Conftantinople by land, 15 days from Aleppo by the caravans, 6 from Cogna, 7 from Cataya, and 6 from Satalia. The caravans of Peifia, often biing 2000 bales «f nik in a year, befidcs drujts and cloths. The other commodities brought here, are thread made of goats hair, cotton-yarn, cot- ton in bags, nutgalls, wax, fcammony, fhubarb, opium, aloes, tutty, galbanum, gum arable, gum trai^acantli, gum-ammo- niac, frankincenfe, zedoary, and all forts of carpets. All the trade paflTes through the handa >f the Jews, and they feem to have better capacities for trade than other mer- chants. The Englifti and Dutch fad^ors have protef\ant c!OM, formerly a town of Afia, famous in the Holy Seriptures, for being fet on fira by lightning, on account of the wicked - nefs of the inhabitants. It flood in what is now c'Hed the Dead Sea } where, accprd- fng to f '»me, the iuins of that city aie ftill to be feen j but this all fenfible travellers, par- tieularly Maundrel, abfolutely deny. It is Itkewife falfe, that the birds which fly over it drop down dead, and that there are fruits upon the banks, which are fair and tempt- ing en the eutfide, but within full of alhcs. Soooi, a little village in Columbkill, one of the wcttern ifles of Scotland, near that of Mull. It was formerly a bifhop's fee, which comprehended all the iflands, toge- ther with the ifle of Man, for which reafon, the bilhop is ftill called the bifiiop of Sodor fod Man. Sot ST, a large, handfome, and rich town of Germany, in the ciicle of Weft- phalia, and county of Mark. It was for- merly a free and imperial town ^ but now belongs to the king of PrufTia, and has fuf> fered greatly by fires. The .ean ; and on the E. by Pango, and Sundi. It is a dry fandy country, and yields a great deal of fait. The inhabitants are faid to be Chriflians, converted by the Pof' tuguefe. The capital is Banza Sogno, a very fmall place, but the capuchins have a church there. Lon. is. 5. E. lat. 6. o. S. So HAM, a town of Cambridgtihire, whofe market is difufed, but has one fair, on April 18, for cows and horfes. It is feated on a fen of the fame name, near Soham-Meer, which talces up 1000 acres of land. It is $ miles E. by S. of Ely, and 68 N. by E. of London. Lon. o. ao. E. lat. 5a. 13. N. Soic.NiKt, a town of the Auftrian Ne- thtriands, in Hainault, ard county of Mons ; feated near a fmall foreii, on the ri- ver Senne, 8 miles N. E. of Mons, and 17 W. of Brulfcls. Lon. 4. 9. E. lat. 53. 3a, N. So IS SONS, an ancient, large, and con- fiderable town, in the ifle of France, and capital of the Soiffonnois, with a biihop's ^re. The cathedral has one of the mo or Solothuin, an ancient, large, handfome, and ftroni; town of Swif- ferland, and capital of a canton of the fame name. It it divided inro two parti by the river Aar, which communicate by a bridge. The ftreett aie larKe, and neat, and the public buildingt handfome. It it very well foitified, and furrounded with deep ditchet, covered wayt, good rampari, and confiderable out-workt. The caiheHral, and the Jefuit's college, whofe front was built at the expence of Lewit XIV. are fu- perb ftruAuret. The handfome gardeni in the fuburbs, and the country houfes in the neighbourhood, render it a delightful place to live in. It hat iti great and little coun- cil, the former of which confiftt of 100 bur- gelTei, and the latter of 36 fenators. It is feated on a hill, %o miles K. ^. of Beam, a7 S. of Bade, and 4$ W. o< Zurich. Lon. 7. 30. E. lac. 47. 18. N. SoLBPBt, a canton of SwifTeiland, bounded on the N. by the canton, and bi- flioprickof Bafle, or Bazil ; on the E. and S. by the canton of Beam ; and on the W. by the fame, and the teriiibries of the bi- fhoprick of Bafle. It is 3; miles in length, from N. to S. 15 in breadth from E. to W and contains iz bailiwicks. The inhabi- tants are Roman Catholics, and the coun- try abounds in all the necelf^'ies of lite. * SoLTATAR A, a mountain of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Terra di Lavoro, furrounded with other moun- tains, in the form of an amphitheatre j and there it a cavity above a mile in length, and breadth, which fmckes in the day, and flames in the night. It brini;t in a confider- able revenue to the kini; of the Two Sici- lies, on account of the large quantity of ful- phur, and alum, ^ot from thence ^ ail the neighbouring fields aie full of fulphur, and if ycu dig never fo little a wav in the ground, the foil will fmoke. Near it is a fntali lake full of black thick water, which feem« always to be boiling. * Sol IHULL, a town in Warwickshire, which formerly had a market, now difufed ; but has two fairs, on May 10, and OAober to, forc.xtle, fheep, »nd hoifes. It u 20 miles N. E of Worcefier, and 102 N. W. of Londor>, Lon. i. 39. W. lac. 51. i6. N. Sot iiG.'N, a town of Germany, in (he circle of Weflphalia, and in (he duchy of Berg, ij miles S. E. of Dulfctdorp, and fubje£l to the eled\or of Palatine. It is feared near the uver Wippci, 14 miles S. E uf Ouirsldorp, Lun, 6,45. £. iat. 5 : . 6. N S O M Solum, a town of Germany, in thccir* cle of the Lower Rhine, in tite landgravatc of He/Te-Calfei, and in the tarritcry of Ve- teravia. It hat a Arong caflle, and belongs to a branch of the houfe of NalTau ; it feat- ed on a hill, 5 milet N. W. ofGeiffen, and 5 S. E. of Herborn, Lon. 8. 44. E. Iat. 50* 34. N. * SoLOGNE, a fmall territory of France, which maket part of the government of Or- leannois, to the S. of t' e river Loire, it it about 7a milet in length, and ]o in breadth, and is a pleafant country, abounding in pa- fturet and game. Komorantin it the prin- cipal town. * SoLOKAMSKo, a town of the Ruflfian empire, feated on the river UfoKko, famoua for Its falt-pits, and good horfe6. Lon. 57. a6. E. Iat. 59. 16. N. * SoLoa, an ifland of Afia, in the E.In- dian fea, to the S. of the ifland of Celebes, governed by its own king. Lon. laa. 15. E. Iat. 8. o. S. SoLOTHURN. SeeSoLiuaa. SOLSONA. SeebALSONA. SoLTWiLP, a town of Germany, in the Old Mardie of Brandenburg, feated on tl>« river Jeze. Lon. it. 48. E. Iat. $3. 4. N. SoMBKiERo, an ifland nf Anurica, and one of the Carihbtes. It is in the form of a hat, from vv- hence it had its name. Som- brero in Spanifli,, lignifying a hat j but ia It is 80 m.ltsN. W. of St. Lon. 63. 35 W. Iat. 18. not inhabited. Chriflopher'i. a6. N. * Sombrero, an ifland of Afla, in ih« E. Indian Sea, 30 miles N. of Nicobar. The inhabitants are mild, timorous, and very obliging to flrangers. The piiefts are drel\ much in the fame manner as we paint the devil, by which they keep the inhabi- tants in awe. SoMiLPouR, a town of A.Cia, in the ?< indies, and in the kingdom of Cergal, on the river Goel ; near it ate fmf di^nion;'*, fuppofcd to be waflied do^n (rem the moun- tains of Golconda: It is 90 miles from Hugely. SoMRRSETSHiR B, an Englifli county, 56 miies in leni^th, and 28 in breadth ; bounded on the N. and N. W. by tie Bnf- tol channel, and Gloucefterfliire ; on the W. by Devonfllire ; on Xht S by Doifet- \ fhirej and on che E. by Wiltfhiie. Itcon- ; tains 56,000 houfes, 300,000 in!'.abitants, ] 385 pariihes, 3^ maiket-owns, and fendi { 18 members to parliament. Tte principal I rivers are the Severn, which '.s here called a fea ; the Avon, the Tor, the Pairet, the ; Tone, the Promt-, and tt.e Ex. The air it ' gsr.efally very good, unkfs in the ma fliy I . parts. at * -i , J SOP ftartt, which »r« fubjcA to Mgoe*. Thv ioii it very fertile, except on the Mils, of which there are a gic.it •number, except in tiM Jower pai'U, arx) thefe are full ol boft*. It hat feveral woollen ntanufaflories, and Briflol it the capital town. SoMBBTON, a town of Somerfetfliire, with a marltet on Tucfdays, and four fairs, on Taefday in Paiflioo-week, thMc weeks after, fix weeks after, and nine wetks af- ter, for all forts of cattle. It was foimerly . a confiderable place, and the county took its name from hence, it is at p«efent pretty large, Mid the maiket confiderable for corn provjfioni, (heep, and cattle. It is r3 miles S. of Wells, and 119 W. by S. of London. Lon. s, 50. W. lat. 51. 7. N. SoMMB> a river of France, in Picardy, which has its fource from fonfbmme, in Vermandois, and after having crofled Picar- dy, paffes by Amiens, and Abbeville, and falls into the Britilh Channel, between Cio lory and St. Valery. SoMMiBiKS, a town of France, in Lower Languedoc, and territory of Nifmes, on the river Nidourly, 10 miles from Nifmes. Lon. 4. 10. E. lat. 43. 38. N. * So MP Y, a town of France, in Cham- pagne, and in the eleAion of Rhetel, fear- ed on (he river Py, with the title of a ba- tony. SoNCiNo, a town of Italy, in the du- chy of Milan, and in theCremoncfe. It is naturally Arong, and feated en the river Oglio, so miles N. W. of Ctemona, and 20 S. W. of BreflTe. Lon. 9. 47. £, lat. 45. 94. N. SoNORio, a town of the Grifons, and capital of the VaUeline, feated on the river Adda, 1 8 miles N E. of Coma. Lon. ic. to. E. lat. 46. 15. U. * SoNKVAS, a people that inhabit the S. part of Africa, to the N. of the Cape of Good'Hope. The country is faid to be mountainous, and that they live upon hunt- ing, and roots; and the women are faid to be as fkilful in the cbace as the men. Their huts are made witli the branches of .trees 4ntcrwoven, and covered with rufhes. SONMIBURO. See SuNNBBURG. Sophia. SeeSopPA. * SoPHiANiA, a town of Afia, in Per- fia, and in Aderbeitzan ; feated in a valley, 35 miles N. W. of Ta^^MH. Lon. 46. 25. E. lat. 38. 15 N. Sop RON, a ftrofW toww of Lower Hen- gary, and capital of a county of the fame name ; feated on a fiaai. river, near rh' frontiers of AuAria, 30 miles S E. of V enna, and 17 S, W. ot Prelbur^. Lon. 17 5. E. lar, 47. 40. N. SOT SotN, a town of It»Jy, in t*ie 'kinicdrim of Nitpleit, and in ihc Tena di Lmofo^ with the title of a duchy, a handfeme c»> ftle, and a h. (hop's fee. it is feated on the river Garigliano, on (he confines of the Campagiva of Rome, 55 miles S. E.df ilome, and 65 K. W. of Naples. Lon. 13. 39. E. lat. 41. 47. N. * SoRA, a fmall, but rtrcng town of Denmark, in the ifle.of Zealand, with a handfonie college for the nobility. Lon. 11. S3 £. lat. 55. z6. N. SoRAw, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of Upper Saxony, and in Lufatia, near the confines of Silefia ; feated near rhe rivor ''abcr, 25 miles S. of Croiren, and 32 N. £. of Gorlitz. Lon. 15. 23. £ lat. 51. 38. N. * SoRBON, or SoRBONMx, a Village of France, in Champagne, in the diocefe of Rheims, and in the Rhetelois, 5 miles from Ciiateau Poicten, anil remarkable for the birth of Robert Sorbon, cOnfeflTor of St. Lewis, and founder of the Soibonne in Pa- ris. SoRKT, a fmall province of Afia, in the E. Indies, and in the peninfula, on this fide the Ganges, It is in the dominions of the Great Mogul, and is bounr^ed on theN. by Jtflelmeur} on the N. W, by Tatta ; 6n the W. by Laribundar-bay, and the ri- ver Padder, which runs into that bay. Janagat is the capital town. SoRiA, a town of Spain, in Old Canile, built on the ruins of the ancient Numantia, near the fource of the river Dourp, or Duero. Lon. 2. 3. W. lar. 41. 48. N. * SoRccK, a ftrong town of Poland, feated 00 the rivtr Neifter, with a ftrong caAle. The Turks v*ere obliged to rajfe the fiege of this place in 1602 Sorrento, a fea-port town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in Terra di Lavoro, with an archbiOiop's fee. It is feated in a peniufula, on the gulph of Na- ples, and at the foot of a mountain of the fame name, 17 miles S. E. of Naples, and 10 N. E of Amalfi. Lor.. 14. 17. £. lat. 43. 40 N. * Sos, a town of France, in Armagnac, near a foreft. Ir is alfo the name of a town of Spain, in N^rvure, with a caftle, where Ferdinand the Cailiolic was born. SospKLLO, a town of Iiaiy, in Pied- mont, and in the county of Nice; feated on the riv.er Bevera, 8 miles N. of Mo- j nacho, and i s N, li. of Nice ; it belongs to the king of Sardir j. L«n 7. ao. E. lat. 43. f N. * >TtyAiT, a town -^ fr»*>ce, in Narmandjt, in iht eleftlonol V. "—.with sou laftta Knd priory. . • SoTTiviLLE, a town of France, in Normandy, half a mile from the ciiy of Rouen, and on the oii>er fide the bridge of • SovAjjo, t tftwn of Italy, in the du- chy of Tufcany, and in the Sicnnefc, 25 miles W. of Orviecto. Lon. 12. 10. E. lat. 42. 45- N. •SovANo, a cipr of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, in ihe l-'artlier Cal.ib ia, and at the entrance uf the s^lph of St. Eufemia. Sou BIS I, a town of France, in Gui- cnne, and in the lenitMry of Saintong;e, with the title of a principality { feated on An eminence on the river Charente*. 5 miles N. of Brouage, and 17 S. of Rochelle. Lon. I. 0. W. lat. 45. 54. N. Soul L LAC, a town of France, in Gui- enne, and in the territory of Quercy, near a Bcnedidine abbey of the fame nanne. It is feated on the river Borefe, 31 miles N. of Cahors. Lon. i. iz. E. lat. 4^ 3. N. • SouLE, St. a town of France, in Champagne, in the eleftion of Troyes. SouLLAKS, a town of France, in Poi- tou, and in the eleAion of Sables d'Olone. Sound, a (Irait between Sweden and Denmark, through which fhips ufually fail from the Ocean into the Baltic Sea. It is about 4 miles broad, and here the Danes take toil of all merchant fhips that pafs into the Baltic. • Sou PR OSS, a town of France, in Gafcony, and in the diocefe of Dax, feated in a morafs near the river Adour. • SouB, or SuR, a town of Turky in Afia, and in Syria, feated on the fea fide, with an harbour. It was here that the famous city of Tyre was placed, but there is new nothing remaining of it but ruins. Lon. '^i;. 55. E. lat. 33. o. N. S»uR», or SuRK, a river of the Nether- lands, which run."! from E to W. through Luxemburg, and falls into the river Mo- Telle a little above Triers. • SouREZc, a town of France, in Lan- guedoc, and in the diocefe of Lavour, with a Benedifline abbey, • Souse, or Suza, a ftrong town of Africa, in the kingdom of Tunis, and capi- tal of a province of the fame name ; with a caftle and a good harbour. The gover- nor of the province refides here, and it is a place of fome trade. It iS feated on a rock near the fea, 65 miles S. E. of Tunis. Lon. I, 15. E lat. 36.0. N. • SouTER RAINS, a fown of France, in Limofin, and in the ekiTlioh »f Limoges, ftve milei from that city. Sot)THAM, a town of Warwicltflilrr^ with a market on Mondays, and one't»ir, on July 10, for horfcs, cows, and (heep. 1% is frated in a fertile f'it, arid lias a cor.tider- able market for cattle. It is 13 miles S ol Coventry, and 7 5 N. W. of London. Lon» I. 45. W. lat, 5a. 15, N Southampton, a fea-port town 0^ Hampfhire, with three markets, on Ti>ef-, days, Thurfdays, and Saturdays, and tw9 fairs, on April zj, and Trinity-Monday, for horfcs, cattle, and leather. It is com- modioully fe.ited on an arm of llie feaj i» 4 place of good trade, and well iriiabited by merchants and fhopkeepeis. It is l.irgeand wcllbailt, containing; five paiilh churc)ies» and a hofpital called God's houfe. It is lurrounded by walls and feveral watch- tow- ers ; and had a Itron^ caftle to dcfand th« harbour, now in ruins. It is a corpora- tion and county of iifelf, with thi title of an earldom, and ftnds two niembeis to parliament. It is 12 miles S.of Winchcrter, and 78 W. S. W. of London. Lon. 1. 30. W. lat. 50. 1:5. N. ' •South 'Joubne, a village in SufTrx, with one fair, on March 12, for pediart ware. * Soutm-Brent, a villat;e in Somer- fetdiire, with one fair, on Odtober 10, for cattle, horfes, and (heep. * South-CaVe, a village in YorUrnire^ with one fair, on Trinity-Monday, foe horfes and fheep. * South-Hartinc, a village in Suf- fex, with two fairs, on the firfl Wednefda^ in June, for toys, and on Gdlubcr 2S, foc (heep aiid horned cattle, SouTHMouLTON> a town of Devon- (hire, with a market on Saturdays, and 6 fairs, on Saturday after February 13, Sa- turday before May i, Wednefday befnra June 22, Wednefday after Augufl 26, Sa- turday before Auguft 10, and Saturday be> fore December 12, all for cattle. It is feated on the little river Moulc, over which there is a ftone bridge of three arche$« It is a corporation, containing feveral inns, and manufactures of white ferges and feltS4 Ic is II miles E. of Barnftaple, and 183 W^ by S. from London. Lon, 3, 55. W. Iat« 50. 4-. N. SOUTHPRTHSHTON, 8 tOwn Of Somcf- fetftiiie, with a market on Thurfdays, and one fair, on July 5, for cattle and lambg. It is feated on the river Parret, and the mar- ket is ^ood for corn and provilions. It is 26 mites S. of Wells, and 131 W. by S4 from London. Lon, 3, a. W. lat. 50. 55* N. * SouTK-Rippo, a village in Norfolk, A a a a wich sou SPA 1»ith one ftir, en July s 5, for cattle, tier(iM, ' SqvicNy, a town of France, In Lyoli- and petty chapmen, | noi>, and in theteiiitory of Buurbonnois} SouTHWARK, a town of Surry, part of I featcd on the rivulet Quefne, 50 milcii S. E. ^Iiich now belongs to the city of London, ind the whole it reckoned a fuburb thereto, t'iou|$h it fends two memberit to parliarnent en its own account*. The principal Hrcet runs from London-bridge to St. Geortte's church } befides which (here are three others, and two famous hofpitah, namely St. Tho- niai's and Guy's, whicli ate f^atcfl in that part called the Boroujjh. Tliere are alfo twoprlfuns for dtbt, the Kin«s btnt-ii and the Marlhalfea, and one for criminals, called t'le New-Gaol The famous biidge wliich jo'ns South wark to London, is now greatly jit'.red, the'houfes being taken down, which rcndeied the palVagc over it voiy mcommo- diuus. • SouTH-WATiR, a village in SufTcx, with one fair, on July 8, for pedlars ware. Southwell, a town in Nottingham- ft>ire, with a mnrket on Saturdays, and one fail, on WMr-Mon.iay, for horfcs, homed cattle, fheep, hojrs, and merchandifes. It is an ancient place, and lias » collef.iate chuich, but is not very large. It is 10 miles i;. of Nottingham, and 114. N. W. by K. cf London. Lon. i. 56. \V. lat. 53. 6. N. • ScTfTH-WicK, a village in Hamp fhirc, with ens fair, on April 5, for horfes oi fiourges, and 167 S. of Taiii. Lon. i> 15. £. lat. 46. jx, N. Spa, or Spaw, a town of Germany, lA the circle of VVvflphalia, and in the bifhop* ri(.k of Liege. It contains about joo houfet, and is famous for its mineral waters knuwn all ovci £uro|)e. 1 he inhabitants are veiy civil to ftrangeis, and ready to do them all mar.iKr of good otfices, but muD be paid tor their labour. It is feated in a valley, fur> iounc!cd with iiiountains. That called the OUI-S|)aw cuniifts of miferable cottages, and IS properly nothing but the fuburb to tie otiicr. Tlic inliabitants fend out fwarms of children, when Grangers airive, to get w!:at ihey can by begging. The lioufes cf the New*.Spaw are all wood, old fafhioned, dark at^dfmall, and yet it is affirmed, they can make iioo beds fur Arangers. The churcii of the capuchins and the parifh* cliurch are both feattd upon eminence;, and look very well at a diflance. The inn call- ed the Court of London is very large, ihebefl in (lie place, and moft fiequented. The name* ot the five principal wells are Pou- hon, Geionfleid, Savinieie, Watpotz, and Tunnclt-t. The inhabitants are employed in making toys and other little things for Arangers. Near it there are excellent fifll and good game, to accommodate thofe that come to the wells. It is i 7 miles S. £. of 'iege. Lu^t 5. 50. E. lat. 50. 31. N. Spain, a confiderabie kingdom of E»>- rope ; bounded by the fea on the S. and N. en the VV, by Portugal and the Ocean ; and on the N. E, by the Pyrenean mountaint, which feparate it from France. The air is generally hot, which obliges the inhabitants to lie down after dinner, and (it up late at nights. It rains but very feldom, and fome« times there is no cloud to be feen for months together. There are a great number of mountains, which are diflinguifhed in the maps, by the name of Sierra, feveral of thofe are very high and coveted with fnowj and yet the valleys are feldom rendered very cold thereby. No travellers can ride any great way without paiTing on« of thefe mountains, and thctefore the inhabitants make ufe of mules as bein«; furer footed, Som.e parts will not bear wheat, and in others the inhabitariis are too idle to till the und toys. * South-Wick, a village in SufTex, w;t!i one fair, on May 19, for pedlars ware. SouTHWOuLo, a fea-port town of Suf , folk, with a market on Thurfdays, and twa I fairs, on Trinity-Monday and Bartl.olo- mew-day, which laft two days eacii, for toys. It is commor.iy called Sowld, and is a pretty well-built place, feated on a plea- fant clifFon the fea-coaft j and I as a tar- bour to the fouth, with ? rW^erarda draw- bridije en the wefl. It is a corpora' ion, Ii.n a handfome church wi'.h a hir li fteeplc ; and fome t'ade with fmall vefTels. It ik "ftrongly fituated, being, almc A furroonded with water, efpecially at every hit'.h tide. Befides the church, it has a difTenting meet- ing, and about zoo tolerable e:ood houfes, which form one pretty broad ftreet not ■paved. For the fecurity of the port, tiicre are two batteries of four guns each. The Eritifh herring fi/hery being eflabliPned here, h of Tome advantage to the town. Near others the intiabitanis are too idle this place flood the city of Dunwich, where- I ground ; for whicn reafon it is not very in were 52 places of worfhip, but there are plentiful. The wIrcs of Spain are generally nov7 only a few houfes, though it fend* two members to parliament. It is 20 miles S. ot Yarmouth, and 106 S. E, of London. Loft, a. 3.£. lat. 52. zi,li. very good, but they arc moft drank in other countries, for the Spaniards are not fond of tippling. The fruits are very fine 5 they have apples, pears, chefnuu, hazel- nut;* tl\lt8, oViVM, citrons, lemoi have fait enot tugar-canes, a llie mountain; alum, fulphu cay particular hauftible. T fjrcAs, except ber* of fheep, Europe, and tiies. Howe nvany wooller horfes are ver Audalufia and there is a ra^ n'^ake ufe of i there are litth fo fond of, th lap-dogs. T Tajo, the Do the Guadalq which there a tions have ma ierent times ; that of the ! vaded this co and over>run Aians having aod little, the; namely, that nees } that ol L^on, Afluria Andalufia j t tained Bifcay, and the iflanc that of Poitu Algarve wae Granada, wl of till 149a. which may b the Moors, p at both whici of thofe peo| dom. Befid there have b bitants fent t in America. of religious neial of the could bring his order ini mifs of thenr wife be farti of the men and chufe r. bauchery ; I not bear ch of age. Tl eating, and U\hi, 3 Uct SPA nuts, ollvei, figi, pomegranate*, orant^es, citrons, lemonii, L'aper^l, and the like. They hj«e fait enough for their own ufe, n few tu);ar-canef, and Tonne fafTron. In fome of liic mountains are precious ltone:i, marhlc, alum, fulphur, and other minrralsj in Bif- C4y particularly the iron-mines aie incx* hauftible. There are few wild beaits in the tJttHa, except beat t. They have ^rcat num- bers of (heep, whicli yield the tineft wool in Europe, and greatly valued in o her coun- tiies. However, the Spaniards have not nvany woollen manufactures. TheSpanidi horfes are very good, particularly tliofe of Audalufia and Anurias. Alfo in Andalufia, there is a race of wild bulls, which they n-iske ufe of in their bull-fights. In Bifcay there are little hogs, wliich the Lidics are fo fond of, that they carry them about like l.ip-dog». The principal rivers are the Tajo, the Douro, or Duero, the Guadiana, the Guadalquiver, and the Ebro ; over which there are 700 bridges. Several na- tions have made incurfions into Spain at dif- ferent times } but the moft remarkable is that of the Saracens, or Moor;, who in- vaded this country in the eighth century, and over-run all parts of it. But the Ctiri Aians having recovered their rights by li(t!c aQd little, they divided it into five kingr^oms, namely, that oi Navarre, near the Fyren- nees ; that of Caftile, which comprehended L^on, Afturias, Galicia, EOremadura, and Aiidaiufia ; that of Arragon, which con td fut him in pieces wiih their fwords. Befides the king's territories in Europe, he pQ^efTes the bcfl part of Ameii(;a, anrf Is rna^er of msmy rich iHands in the S. Seas ; ai^ci particularly cbePhiUppines,from wlience they import the rich merbhandizes of the B. ladUs. fi: alt'o poflTefTes feveral places ip i^frtca, piarwculariy Ceuta and Oran. $»AiN, New. SeeMixico. $,K\LATTo, or Sfalatko, a rich, pa* |>v1qiu, and f^rong town of the republic . of Ycoice, and capital of Venetian DaJma* t^y.yvith a g,cod harbour, and an archbi- Atom's fe*. \t is buiU up'^D the rui«s of tlie ^f\lf ot DiQckiian, and it* walls maka two thirds of tM« of thActty^ ^kewife, i(s tannpk is tUn catUedral church It is (kton% hjf fttuatiod, beiof built on a peninfula, yih'kM is jeincd tq the Terra f irma, by a W^ Q( 1^0^ ha(U, % (nile over, (t is (eated 17. 31. E. tat. 43- 53- N. * Spaldick, a villap.e in Huntingdon' (hire, with one fair, on Wednefday befora Whitfun-tide, for all foits of cattle. Spalding, a (own of Lincolnfhirv, with a market on Tuefdays, and four fairs, on April 17, for hemp and flax } on July 19, for horfes and cattle; on Auguft 3c, for hoi fes ; and on September 21, and De- cember 17, for hemp and flax. It is feated low among rivulets and drains, and on a navigable river, and is ar> ancient well built place, with feveral vefTels and barges be- longing to it. It is aa miles N. of Peterbo- rough, and 93 N. of London, Lon. o. i. E. lac. 51. 45. N. Spandaw, a Arong town of Germany, * in the circle of Upper S^ixony, and in tha middle Marche of Brandenburg. It is na dau. Lon. 8. i*. E. lat. 49. 18. N. • Spirito-Sancto, a town of S. America, in Brafil, and capital of a govern m>me caftlej feated on the river Lvfcr, near thelJrave, 30 miU« W. of Clagenfurt. Lon. 13. 8. E. lat. 47. o. N. Spithbad, a famous roaH between Portf- mouth and the Ifle of Wight, where ihs royal navy frequently ren. tz/ous • Spittle, a village in EiTtX, wiihone fair, on September i, for toys. Spitzberccn, the moft northern c»U(V> try of Europe, being to the N of Norway, between Greenland 'o tl.c W. and Nov* Zembia to the B. The cca.l is bcfet wjih crag.!y mountains, and in tlie winter it it continual night for four months. T' e ani- mals are large white bears, anrl wliite loxet. There are not fettled inhabitants, and it is known only to thofe who go on tl.e coall ta iifh for whales. Spoleto, an ancient, handfome, an?! po- P..I0US town of Italy, in the territory of th« Church, and capital uf a dtrcliy of the faiu« name, with a bishop's fee, and a flrorg ca- Ale. It was foimerly a large place, but itk i703> fuffered greatlj b> an earthquake, and is now thin of people. There ate the ruint of an amphitheatre, a triumphal arch, and aa aquedufV. It is feated partly on the fide o£ a hill, and partly in a plain, and in a coun- try noted for good wine, near the river Tef. finn, 30 miles £. of Orvieto, and 5 j N. of Rome. • Spot « TO, the doc'iy of, a territory of Italy; bounded on the N. by the Marche of Ancona, and duchy of Urhinoj on the E. by Farther Abruzzo 5 on the S. by Sabina, and the Patrimony of Saint Peter ; and 00 the W. by Orvietano, and Perugino ; heing; about 55 miles in length, and 40 in brcad;h. It was formerly a part of Umbria, and novr belongs to the pope. SpRBE,orSrRxiiE, a river of Germany, which raifes in the mountains of Boliemla, on the confines of Mifnia, and Lnfatia, through which laA It paflTes into the marqui- fate of Brandenbuig, runs by Berlin, and falls into the Havel, over againfl Spandaw. Sprotta w, a town of Germany, in Si- lefia, and in the duchy of Glogaw, with, walls flanked with towers, and a Arong ca«' Ate. It is feated at (he confluence of th» rivers Bober and Spro'ta, 20 miles S. W. of Glogaw, and 8 S. E. of Sagan. Lon. 15. 48. E. lat. SI. 33. N. • Sputty, a village in Denbighfluie, in N. Wales, with five f^irs, on May »i, July 3, September »7, O^Jober 13, and De- S T A «ember z, all far cattle. S(tu 1 1- A c I, a to wn of Italy, in the king- tfoiTi of Naples, and in the Farther Calabria, with a bidiop's fee, and the title of a princi- pality. It was formeily famous, but now Is a fmall place, tiiough charminKly feated on the river Favelone, three miks from a gulpb of the fame name, and 30 S. of S». Scveiina. Lon. 16. 55. E. lat. 38. 53. N. S TABLo, a town of Germany, in the circle of Wcdphalia, and bidiopiick of Liege, with a celebrated BencdiAine abbey, whofc abbat is a prirce of the empire. The inhabitants uf the town have a manufaflory of leather, which iliey fend to foicign parts. It is feated on the river Rccht, 9 miles S. of Liiuburg. Lon 6 o. E. lat. s°' ^^- ^* Stadk, or Staden, a town of Ger- many, in the circle of Lower Saxony, for- merly an hanrealic. It has a confiderable fortrefs, and a famous college ; but Ham- burg has deprived it of a great part of its trade. It has belonged to the elector of Hanover, togerher with the duchy, fince 37Z0 i and is feated on the river Swingel, near its contluence with the Elbe, ti miles W. of Hamburg, and 45 N. E. of Bremen. Lon. 9. z]. E. lac. 53. 44. N. * Stadsb ERG, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weftphaiia, on the confines of the county of Waldeck, feated on the river Dimel. It was taken by the Swedes ini 645, who demolithed the fortifications. Staf ARDA, a townof Piedmont, in the BRarquifate of Saluzzo, or Saluces, feated on the river Po, with a rich abbey. It is famous for a battle that the maiquis de Catinat gained here, over the duke of Sa- ▼oy, and the Germans, in 1690. Lon. 7. 95. E. lat. 44. 34. N. Stafford, the county town of Staf- forddiire, with a market on Saturdays, and five fairs, on Tuefday before Shrove-Tuef- day, on May 14, for horfes and cattle } on June ag, for wool ; on Oftober x, for coltt; and on December 4, for cattle and hogs. It is fea:ed on the river Sow, which waHies its S. and W. parts, and over which there is a Hone bridge ; furrounded with mea- dows, has two paridi churches, a free> f.hool, a fine fquare market place, in which is a handfom* fhire-hall, and under it the market houfe. The ftreets are large, and many of the houfes handfomely built. It was almofl furrounded with a wall, now levelled with the Kround ; and is a corpora- tion where tlie afTizss and feffions are kept, and fen "Is two members to parliament. It i« 16 miles N. W. of Litchfield, and 135 fi. W. of Lon !on. Lon. z. 6. W. lat. 5a. ^o. N. li ii4s the litU of an eaildom. S T A STArroRncHiRB, an Eng1i(hc«nn(]r, 4^ miles in length, and 27 in breadth ; bnunded on the W. by Shropflure j on the N. by Cht;fhiie; on the E. by Derbythire, and Warwicklhire ; and on the S. by Worceder- (hire. It contains 13740 houfes, 142440 inhabitants, i3oparilhe8, 19 market- towns, and fends 10 meinbeis to parliament. The principal rivers aie tSe Trent, the Dove, the Sow, the Cherner, '.he Lime, the Tern, the Penk, and the Manyfold. The air is pleafant, mild, and wholefome, and the foil in the S. part good and rich, though not without heaths, which take up a large traft of ground ; but then it abounds in coal- pits, and iron- mines. The middle it level and plain, the N. hilly and barren, being full of heaths and moors, and where they ufe peats for fewel. There are alfo good Aone quarries, plenty of alabafter, and lime- (lone. The county town is Stafford. Stagira, a to^vn of Turky in Europe, and in Macedonia, feated on the gulph of Conteflfa. It is remarkable for being the birth place of Ariftotle, from whence he ia called the Stagirite. It is now called Lyba« Nova, and is 1 6 miles from Contelfa. Lon. 35. 3. E. lat. 41. 10. N. St AG NO, a town of Dalmatia, in the re- public of Ragufa, with a fmall harbour, and a biihop's fee j feated on a peninfula, in the gulph of Venice, 30 miles N. W. of Ragufa. Lon. iS. 5. £. lat. 4x> 54> N. * Stagshawbag, a village in North- umberland, with two fairs, «n Wl itfun- Eve, for horned cattle, horfes, and (heep } and on July 5, for linen and woollen cloth, fror I Scotland. Stain, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of AuOria, feated on the river Danube, over which there is a bridge, where they take toll, 65 miles W. of Vienna. Lon, 15. i8. E. lat. 48. 31. N. Staines, a town in Middlefex, with a market on Fridays, and two fairs, on May II, far horfes and cattle j and on Septem- ber 19, for onions and toys. It is feated on the river Thames, over wl.ich there is a bridge into Surry, and lies on the weltern road, containing feveral good inns, 1 9 miles W. by S. of London, Lon. o. 24. W, l^t. 51. IX. N. * Sta iNTON, a village in Lincolnfhire, with one fair, on O^ober 39, for hemp and fhecp. Stair, a village in Scotland, in the (hire of Air, which was the ancient feac of the Dalryreples ; but lately gave title to John earl of.St&ir. Staibridge, a town in Dorfetfhire, with a maikct on Tuefdriyy, and two fairs, • * C« •n Septeml forts of ci chefter, am s. 30. W. Staliv . Stamb given by tf STAMFt two marke 7 fair», on Monday bt and ftock for all fortf day before Auguft 5, Aock of al Weland, is a large rifh-churc Aruflures, formerly I moved to It is alfo ! earldom, i ment. It I but deals ( of Huntin Lon. o. X » Sta Yorkfhire for horfes ter, hard- Stami lago, 60 I the coatt and 5 in '■ habitants, • STi* ifland of Natolia, 40 N. W 10 in len air unw' whiclr is and featc the bottc harbour. • STi miles N, 29, and sattle, a • St with a t is 8 mil London • St vmberlf Friday i day } b kerned » Si s T a: •n September 6, and November 4, for all forts of cattle. I( it 2a miles N. of Dor- cheller, and 115 W. by S. of London. Lon. t. 30. W. lat. 51. o> N. Staliminb. See Limnos. . Stambowl, or Stampol, the name given by the Turks to Conltantinople. St >t M FOR D, a town in Lincolnfliir*, with two markets, on Mondays an habitants, and wants frefh water. * Stanchio, formerly called Cos, an ifland of the Archipelago, near the coafl of Natolia, ix miles N. E. of Stampali.?, and 40 N. W. of Rhodes ; 25 in breadth, and 10 in length. The foil is fertile, bur the air unwhnlefome; and the capital town, which is of the fame name, is well built, and feated at the foot of a mountain, at the bottom of a large bay, and near a good harbour. * StandiSi., a village in Lancaniire,4 miles N.of Wigan,wi(h two fairs, on June 29, and November 22, for horfes, horned «attle, and toys. * Stan DON, a town in Hertfordrtiire, with a maiket on Fridays but no lairs. Jt is 8 miles N. of Hertford, and 29 N. of London. Lon. o. . £. lar. 51. 55. N. * Stanfordham, a village in North- umberland, with two fairs, ( n tiie fecond Friday in Aprjl,and Augufl 1 5, if on Tiiuif- day ; but if not, the Thurfday after, for kerned cattle, and hogs. * Stanhopi^ a town in the county of S T A Durliam, witfi a market on Thurfdays, but no fairs. It is 19 miles W. of Durliam, and 237 N. by W. of London. Lsn. i. 35. W. lat. 54. 48. N, STANLXY,atowninGlocefterfhlre,wtth a market on Sat urdays, but no fairs. It is 14 miles S. of Glocefter, and 99 W. by N. of London. Lon. 2. 21. W. lat. 51. 44. N. • Stanstbad, a village in Effex, with one fair, en May 12, for horfes and cattle. Stanton, a town in Lincoln/hire, with a market on Mondays and one fair, on Oc- tober 19, for hemp and (heep. It it 20 miles E. oi Lincoln, and ito N. of London. Lon. o. 1. W. lat. 53. 20. N. St ANT z, a town of SwifTerland, and capital of the canton of Underwald, fcited 3 miles from the lake of the four cantons, and 25 miles S. of Zurich, Lon. S. ao. E. lac. 46. 5;. N. • St API X, a village in Kent, with one fair, on July 25, for edge-tools. Star CARD, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and duchy of Po- merania, with an academy. It has good woollen manufaftories, fuch as ferpes, cloth, fhaloons, tammies, dru?gets, and the like. It had formerly a caftle, of which the ruins are to be feen, and is feated on the river Ihne, 15 miles S. E. of Stetin, and 37 N. W. of Lanfperg. Lon. 14, 28. E. lat. 52. 30. N. Star! A, or Staro Russa, a town of Ru{n»,|in the province of Great Nnvogoi od j feated on the lake ilment, 40 milts S, of Novcgorod. Lon, 34. 20. E. lat. 51. o. N; Start Point, a promontory, or cape in the Englilh Channel, and in Devonfhire, 14 miles S. of Darmouth. Lon. 4. 6. W. lat. 50. 10. N. STATiN-EvLAMn, that is the Ifland of the States, of which there arc three j one is in the Frozen Ocean, near Mofcovy, on which it depends, and another in the Ma- gellanic Sea, between the ftrait of Maire, and Brewer's Ifland, and the third in the Oriental Ocean, between JeflTi) and Vupi, in Tariary. There is alfo another in N, America, and in New Yoik, feated near the mouth of Hudfon's river, and fubjeA to Great Britain. STAVANneR.a town of Norway, in the province of Rergen, and capital of a terri- tory of the fame name, with a bilhop's fee* I' is feated on the fea-cnaft, in a peninfula. near the fortrefs of Dofwlck, 75 miles S. of Bergen. Lnn. 5. 15. E. Lit. 58. 45. N. Stavelo. SeeSTABio. • Sta VER TELL, a viDags in Somerfet- ftiire, with one fair, on Auguft 5, for bul- locks and hogs» Stavibbk, S T E SrAvtRiN, an ancient town of tfie Voticd Provinces, in Friinand, and in Wef- U'rf(oo, will) a liaibkiui. it was loimctly a coiilideiaSIc town, hut is now mud) decay- ed, tccaufc the harbuur ikclio;4kcd u|i witli fand. It is fcatcd on the IduidirZce, S n>il(.» W.of blooicn, and 15 N. E. vi kite- huyftn. Lon. 5. ai. E. lat. 57. 57. N. • St Aun. Ri', » vill.igein boiDcrk-triiire, with two (aii«, on June 11, and Sc|)icn)brr a8, for hoifcs, bulluckv, nKcj), lan>b$, and wool. *Stkbdino, a villaije in ElFcx, with one f for ciieefc. Stk6kbu*c, a town of Sweden, in OArigothia, or £. Gothland, feated on the coaA of the Baltic Sea, with a fmall com- modious harbour ; 15 miles S. of Nycoping, and 8« S. W. of Stockholm. Lon. 16. o. £. lat. 58. 30. N. * St BIN, a town of SwiOerland, in the canton of Zuiich, feated on the Rhine, near the lake ConAance, a? miles N. E. of Zu- iich, and 17 W. 01 ConAance. Lon. 9. 7. £. lat. 47. 54. N. • Stiinbach, a town of Germany, in the margiavaie of Baden, feated in a coun- try that produces good wine. •STfI^nFIM, a town of Germany, in the archbifliopritk of Mentz, feated on a h»l near the river Maine, with a good caAle, 9 miles from Francfort. Lon. 2. 56. E. lat. jO. 40. N* • St IKK, a town of Denmark, on the N. coaA of the ifle of Mona, with a Aicng caAIe. It is almoA fui rounded with a lake. •STEtLiNG, a village in Kent, with two fairs, on Hcly TliurfJaj, and Ncvcm- ^ S T F, ben s, for horfcs, cattle, and pedlari warf } St IN AY, a 1 01 tilled town of France, irt tlie duchy of Bar, on the frontiers of Lux- imbuigj feated on the river Maefe, or Meufc, 15 miles N. by W. of Verdun, and i S. W. of Mont-M«di. Lon. 5. 19. £. lat. S"- 31. N. Si'h. KPAL, a town of Germany, in Up(ier Saxony, and in the matquifate of iiinndenburg, fuhjed to ttie king oi PrufTia, and fcattd «.>» the river Vc\v, '^6 miles N. of Ma(,dLbuig. Lon. la. au. E. lat. 5a. 45* N. STBNroao, or STiwrotT, a town of Geimany, in tlie circle of WcAphalia, and county of Bentheim, with an academy ; feat- ed on the liver Vecht, 1 5 miles S. W. of MunAer. Lon. 7, 15. E. lat. St> 1 5> N. Sterlimc, a town of Scotland, and capital of a fliire of the fame name. It is a very important place, and feated on the dsclivity of a rock, where the Forth lunt at the bottom, over which there is a hand- fome Aone bridge of four arches, with an iron gate acrofs it ; veAels come up to the bridge, which makes it a place of trade. Above the town is a caAle, feated on a rock, very Arong, and ferves to defend the town and bridge. This place is fo commodioufly feated, that it commands the pafs between the N. and S. part of Scotland. It is 30 miles N. W. of Edinburgh. Lon 3. 50. W. lat. 56. 1 a. N. * Sterlimcsnirk, in Scotland, is bounded on the E. by the river Avon ; on the W. by Lough-Lomond, and the ri- vers Blain and Anirick j on the N. by the river Forth j and on the S. by ClydefdalCi It fends one member to pai liament. Stxrnibrg. a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and marquifate of Brandenburg. It is a large, open place^ but carries on a great commerce in cattle, and is feated ao miles N. of Francfort upon Oder, and fubjcdt to the king of PrufTia. Lon. 15. 35. E. lat. 51. 301 N. * Stertzinckn, a town of Germany, in the Tyrol, feated at the foot of a moun- tain, on the river Eyfack, la miles from Brixen. Stetin, or STETTtN,afea-perttovtm of Germany, in the circle ol Upper Saxony, and capital of Hither Pomeranta, with the title of a duchy, and a caAle. It had long a famous fchool, which the wars of Ger- many never diAurbed. The ancient dukes of Pomeranta refided here} and it was taken by the e!e€>or of Brandenburg, in 1676 ; but given to Sweden by the treaty of Nimeguen. In 1713 it fubmitted to the allies, and than the faid elcAor was put in poflefTK)!! poflTeHion ap vliich is a bi ditnhurg j ai preaily impr place, and and i« feate< W. of Francf Lon, 14. $8. chy is 11; ni Mrcklenbu;^ burf?. The I and it is divi parts. STrVBHA with a marh 9 days befor( funtide, Ju September, little cheefe. It Is a good t f;:veral inns, ford, and 3 a o. 10. W. la Stevens therlands, ir feated on th( is an import belongs to tl of MaeArich 5. ^5. E. lai S r E V N I r maticct on V June 9, for on Septemb horned cattle and fends tv is 15 miles \ of London. Stbvs, < ny, in Uppe Traun. It trade in iro is feated ai Steyrand E 8N. W.of o. N. • Stii. kingdom wit^i the til for its batli SaUndrella Stir I A circle of A It is bouncJ of AuAria S. by Carn thia, and beirtg 1251 it is faid t 33^ caAlc! tiabitants. ST I pofTelTion a|Ta!n of this ireportant place, vJltich is » bulwark to tliA iVfaiclie of Hran> (1i;nhur||; ; and the (oriificaiions have been greatly im^jrovcd. It is now a flnurifhing pliice, and carries on a confidcrable trade ; and is feated on the livcr Oder, $!o miles N. of Francfort, and 70 N. by E. of Berlin. Lon. 14. 58. E. I.it. 53, z;. N. The du- chy is 1 1 ; miles in Icns'th, and borders upon M«ck!enbur^, and pardy upon Branden- burg. The breadth is from 17 to jj miles, and it is divided by the river Oder into two parts. Strvrnaok, a town of Hartfordlhire, with a market on Fridays, and four fairs, 9 days before Eafter, 9 days before Whit- funtide, July 15, and the firfl Friday in September, for hawkcis, pedlars, and « little cheefe. The maiket is now difufed. It is a ^ood thorouf;h-fare place, containing fsveral inns, iz miles N N. W. of Hert- ford, and 3Z N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 10. W. lat, 51. 5^. N. SrEVENSWAra T, a fortrefs of the Ne- therlands, in the province of Guelderiand ; feated on the rivec IVfacfe, over which (here is an important paiT»t;e at this place which belong;s to the Dutcti. It is 20 miles N. E. of Maeilricht, ;ind 5 from Ruremond. Lon. 5. ;;. E. lat. 51.1$. N. Stevninc, a town in SufTex, vith a market on Wednefdays, and three fairs, on June 9, for cattle and pedlars ware, and or» September 19, and October 10, for horned cattle. It is feaied under the Downs, and fends two members to parliament. It is 15 miles W. of Lewis, and 47 S. by W. of London. Lcn. o. 15. W. lat. ;o. <;6. N. Stkvb, or Stk YR K, a town of Germa- ny, in Upper Au(l>ia, and in thequaitcr of Traun. It is well built, carries on a great trade in iron, and has a Jsfuits college, and is feated at the c"> tluence of die rivers Steyr and Ens, 20 miles S. E. of Lm;z, and iiN. W.ofEns. Lon. 14. 43. E. lat. 38. O.N. •SxtMGiANO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Baftlicata, xvit*! the title of a principality. It is famous for its baths, and is fcaied near the river Salandreila. Stir I A, a province of Germany, in the circle of AuOria, with the litie of a duchy. It is bounded on the N. by the archduchy of Auflria ; on the E. by Hungaiy ; on the S. by Carniola ; and on the W. by Carin- thia, and the archbiflioprick of Saltzbure ; being 125 miles in lent;tli,and 17 in breadth. It is faid tn contain zz cities, 9; towns, 55? csftles, 15 convents, and 200,000 in- tiabicants. Thouj^h ic is a mountainous S T O country, yet tfiere is « great dtl ofland tit for liJIafte, and the foil is fo good, that the inliabitanis never were in want of com. It contains mines of very good iron, whence tde arms made here xre in great clleem. The women differ greatly from the Au- itiians, and are very plain and downright. They have all fwellings on their throats, called bronchocelt?. The men are alfa very fimple, and are very zealous worfliip- persofthe Virgin Mary. They delight 10 fit at home, in the chimney-corner, never troubling their headi about foreign afTairst. The chiet town is Gratz. Stirum, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Berg, feated on the river Roer, 12 miks N of Duffel.^orp, and fuhjeft to the cledor Palatine. Lon. 4. 18. E. lat. SI. 13.N. Stivis. SeeTHKRii. «♦ • Stock I M, a town of Germany, In the circle of Weilphalia, and bifhuprick of Liege ; feate.1 on the river Maefe, or Meufe, IX miles N. of Maellricht. Lon. 5. 55. £. lat. 51. 3. N. Stockak, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and landgravate of Nel' lemburg, feaied on a rivei of the fame name, S miles from the lake Conflance, and 1% N. from the town of that name. Lon 9. 20 E. lat. 47. 50. N. Stockbridgf, a town of Hamplhire, wliofe market is now difufed ; but it is has three fairs, on Holy-Thurfday, and 0£)o« ber 7, for (heep; and on July 10, for (heep and hurfes. It i.s a thoroogh-fare, with good accommodations for travellers, is a corpo* ration, and fends two members to parlia* ment. It is 9 miles N, W. of Winchtfler, and 69 W. by S of London. Lon. i< 33* W. lat. 51. 12. N. SxocKHor. M, the capital city of Swe- den, and the ufual refidence of the kings of that country. It is feated near the lake Meier, and comprehends fix fmall iflandt, joined together by wooden bridges. In the fubuib called Nc^rdermalm, is a very high mountain named Bruncberg, on whofe top is a lower and a bell, which is rung when any fire happens. The lake Meier, which is to the W. fuoplies the inhabitants with good water. This city colntains fu- perb palaces, whofe roofs are covered with copper; and there have been fever.il rocks blown up, to render it larger and more rep gular J but the fubutbs are in the antique falle. The royal palace, or caftle, was re- ductd to allies in 1697} but it has been rebuilt more magnificent than before: feve» ral hundred hcufes were burnt in one of the fuburbs, in 171 3. Th« arfenal is veiy I fi b b b fa(no# S T O ff<1Mui| and th« harbour fo Urg«, (hat i( (Will contain looe (hips, which may there fide in fafety { but when the veflels come from the If. ih«y fre obliged, bc(oie they ftrn pnter, tp pafi a Ln^ way between rocks, whiwh render it very difficult for |hem to get in ; befldes syhich, it is frozen up four niontli* in the year. There are about 30,000 inhaliitanli, who carry on a trade in copper, iron, and nayal ilorei. In 1739, ibcie was an academy of rciencet cliiiblinicd lieie) as alfu of painl'iDg, ind fculpturr^ founded by count TelVm. It is •ooiriltii N E, of Copenhagen, 615 N. \V> ot Vienna, 625 W. of Mpfcow, 750 N. E. of Paris, 90c N. E. of London, and iio« v. W. of Conflaniinoplp. Lon. 19, 30. £. Jilt. 59. 20. Ni * SiocKLAND, a village in Dorfetfhire, with one fair, on June 18, for cattle. Stockport, orSTorFORT, a town in Chefhire, witli a market on Fridays, and four fairs, on March 4, March «(;, May r, and 0£lot)er 25, for cattle afiH pediars ware. It is feated on the river Merfey, over which tjiere is al>iidge ttiat Ipads into Lancafhire, and is 6 miles S. of Manchtiler, and 160 N. N. W. of London. Lon. ». 6. W. Jat. £J. *«• N. STocKTpK. a town in tlie county of Purham, with a niarlcet on Wednefclays, and one fair, on July 18, for toys ; feated on the rivir Tees, near th^ fea, and noted fpr its good ale, and fending coin, and but- ter to London. A lilk inill has been lately ereAed h^re. It is 18 miles S.B. by E. of Puf-ham, ^nd ai9 N. by W. of London. l.on. I. o. W. lat. 54. 33. N. * Stockwith, a viilaKe in Lincoln|hiie, with one fair, pp September 4, fpr horfes and cattle. STOC^aow, a town of Gernuiny, in Si- lefia, and in tl>e principality of Tefchcn, (pated op the river Viitula, 10* miles E. of Tefchen, and 37 S E. of Tioppavy. Lon. 3f8. tj, E. lat 49. 41. N. *STocuKSiY,a village in Somerfetfhire, with two fairs, on May 2, and Saptember 32, for cattle and fhecp. * SroKt, a village in Norfoll;, with one fair^ on Dfcemher 6, for hoifea and toys. STOi;K^OMC3,a town of Somerretfhir?, whofe matket is difufed, but has 1 fairs, on April ij, and Augu(\ i, for bullocks, f nd fprdfhire, with two fairs, on July 10, for liorfcs, and Septcfnber t$f for biiiog fer* 8 T O STOKtSLBy,atown in theN. Riding of Yoikfhirc, with a inarkct on Saturdaji, and ona tair, on Saturday before Tiinityr Sunday, for horned cattle, horfes, and It- nen-doth. \t is feated among feveral fmall itreams, with which it is well watered ; and is 36 miles N, of York, and 216 N. by W. pf London. ( merania. |t belongs to the king of FiuflTia, and is feated in a pleafant valley, on a ri- ver of the fame name, 52 milts N. £. of Colberg, and 70 N. W. of Pantzick. Lon. 17. 15. E. lat. 54. 40. W. Stone, a town of Sta(Ford(hire, with a iTiar((ut on Tuefdays, and four fairs, en Tuefday after Midlt;nt-Sunday,Shrove-Tuef« day, Whit-Tuefday, and July 25, fpr caiilc. It is feated on the river Trent, and is but a mean place, though ^ thorough fare, and has fcveral good inns. It is 22 miles N. W. of Litchfield, and 141 li. W. of Lon- don. Lon. a. 10' W. lat. 52. 55. N. * Stone, a village in Kent, with one fair, on Holy Thurfday, for pedlars ware. ST0Ne-HBNGS,a moft remarkable heap of Aones, lying Opon ^alifbury-plain, 6, mile$ N. of Salifbpry. It confiAs of feveral very larc^e Aones, placed one upon another, and is fuppofed to have been a temple cf the ancient Pruids ; and tlie rather becaufe it is in a circular form, and feems to ha^e been much more regplar than it appears to be at prefent. It has puzzled a great many diligent inquirers to account for the lay ing of thefe enormous (toi^^s one ujion an* other } for ihey are fo heavy, that it ii thought no artifice now known is fufiicicnc to have r^ifed thofe that li« acrpfs, to that height. Stonb-Htvb, a town of Scotland, in the flur9 9i M^aril*! wifh « good harbour, fccurctt Fridays, and S T O vj!Ug« f/'ured by l Hone pier. Kear it ^ai ihe famous c^l^le of Dunnotyr, feated on a rock near the Ihure. It was formerly the relirtence uf the hereditary carl>inai(hai of ScoiUnd, but it now in ruini. * Stone-Housk, a village in Gloucef- terOiire, with two fairs, on M.iy i,and Dc> cembbr 29, for cattle and clteefe. Ston y-Str ATroR D, a town of Buck- inghamfliire, with a niaiketon Fndayi, anl four fairi, on April zo, Augull 7, Oiftobei 10, and November 12, for cattle. It is feated on the river Oufe, and is an ancient place, (landing on the Roman highway railed Watting ftreet. It is a good thorough- tare town, contains two parifhchurches, and has feveral good inns ) 19 miles N. W. of Dunflable, and 53 N. W. of London. Lon. I. 3;. E. lat. 51. 3. N. Stormabia, a country of Germany, ih the duchy of Holflein, with the title of a principality. It is bounded on the N. by Proper Holllein { on the E, by Wagria, and the duchy of Lawenburg { and on the S. and W. by the duchies of Lunenburg and Bremen, from which it is feparated by the river Elb ; being iz mites in length and 8 in bread:h. Hamburg is the capital town. Stork WAY, a town of Scotland, in the iHe of Lewis, and one of the weftern iflands. It has a harbour called Loch Stornway, on the E. fide of the ifland. * Storrington, a village in Suflex, with two fairs, on May la, for cattle and horfes, and November n, for cattle and pcdIarS ware. Stortfori), a town of Hartfordfhire, with a market on Thurfdays, and three fairs, on Holy-Thurfday, Thurfday after Trinity- Sunday, and OAober 10, for horfes and cat- tle. It is called by fome Bifhops Stortford, and is feated on the fide of a hill, being a large, handfome, and well frequented town^ with feveral good inns. On the E. fide the) e are the ruins of a caflle, which ftood on an artificial mount. It is i« miles N. £. of Hartford, and 20 N. of London. Lon. o. 8. E. lat. 51. 55. N. Stour. the name of feveral fmall rivers in England. StoordiIidcz, or Srvtiaincs, a town in Worcefterfhire, with a niarket oh Fridays, and two fairs, on March 29, for h^vfes and cattle, and on September 8j for all forts of cattle and fheep. It is feated on the river Stour, in a fiat, over which there is a bridge, from whence it has its natfie. It is a pretty good town, and is noted for its glaft-houfes. It hat a good free-fchool, in which there is a library, aud is 24 miles M. tit VfoTQtAw, and 1 1; N, W. of London. SYR Lbn. 1. 6. W. lat. j«. 30. N. Stourbridoi, or Sturii6n, tfil name of a Held near Cambridge, noted fo^ its famous fair kept annually, on the7(hof Sepieniber, and continues a foi tni(>,ht. \ ner# « 151 eat many trariefmen go thithei from Lon- jdcn, a^ well as from other part* ; and the commodiiles are horfes, hops, iron, wool, kati.or, checff, and many other things. STO\r, a town of Gloctrter, with a mar* ket on Thuifdays, and two fairs, on Ma^ 12, for horfts, cows, (heep, and cheefe j and on Od^ober 24, for hops, faddltPs, (hoe- makers, and ironmongers wtre. Some call it Stow on the Would, and it is not onl/ feated on a bleah hill, but is deHitute o( wood and water. It contains about soo houfes, and is 8 miUs S. by W. of Camden, and 77 W. by N. ol London; Lon. i. 45. W. lat. 51.50. N. Stow, a tent of Carl Temple, in Buck- inghamfliire, with the fineft gardens in Ent;- land, adorned with bulls, Aatutrs, obeiillcs, pavilions, and temples. The (latues and bulls are thofe of feveral famous men, an- cient an'^1 modern. It is two miles fronl Buckingham. •Stowbridoi, a village in Norfolki with one fair, on Saturday in Whitfun^week* which is confiderabie, for horfes. Stowbv. a town in Somtfrfei (hire, with a maiket on Tuefdays, and one fair, on Sep^ ten>ber 7, for cattle and toys. It is 2 A miles W. of Wells, and 146 W. by S. of London. Lon. 3. iz. W. lat. cr. 14. N. Stow.marKbt, atown of Suffolk, (6 called, to di(ljngui(h it from towns of th« fame name, In other part< of this country. It has a market on Thurfdays, and 1 faiis^ on July 10, for (hop«;7ods and toys; and on Augull 12, for cv^ and cattle. It is feated between the bt )»!cbes of the riveta Oyppe and Orwell, upon a rifing ground in the center of the cot >ty; and is a large handfome place, having a large church de- dicated to St. Peter the Apoflle j the towef and fpite are 120 feet high, in which are 8 tuneable bells. It has a Fryfbyterian meet- ing, and about 400 pretty good houfes* The (Ifteets are tolerable wide, but noc paved ; and the town is very ple^fnnt. Its cherries are thought to be the fined in Eng* land, and it has a large manufaAory oC woollen fluffs. It is 12 miles H. W. of Ipfwich, and 73 N- N. E. of London. Lon. I. o. E. lat. 5a. 20. N. Stradella, a town of Italy, in tb« duthy of Milan, and in the Pavefe. It is a paffage of great importance, defended by a caflle, and feared on the river Verfa, near the Po, 10 miles S. E. of Pavia, and d? ^f. fibbba W.of S T R \l^, of f'armi. Lon. 9. i«.B. Ixt. 4$. 5.^^. ^TBAL■^(, a town oi the Nethcilaiirts, in the upper quaiicrof Gueldi^rbnd, wliofc f 3r(:(icationi were demolished by the French, in 1671. It is s miles S< W. nl Cueldrci, and 5 N. E. of Venio. Lun. 6. 17. £• lat. 51. a?. N. Str AL8UND, a Arnnf and lich Ti's port town oi Germany, in Hiti-er Fonierania, and was formerly an iniportan' tia(lin(<; pUce. In 1678 it Was forced to furrentlcr to the elector of Biandenhurf;, after 1800 lioufes had been burnt to alhes, in one right's time. After this the S N. Strangford^ a town of Ireland, in the county of Oown, and province of Ulfter, 5 miles E. of Down. Lon. 5. 4c. W. )at. 54' '4« N- Stran RATER, » towH of Scotland, in the fliire of Galloway, it miles N. W. of Glenluce. Lon. 5.20. W. lat, 54. 45. N. Stnasbubg, an ancient, large, hand- fome. populous, and flrong city of France, in Alface. It coniaiivs about zoo Areets, part of which are very narrow, and moft of the houfes are built after the ancient taOe. However, there are a great number of hand- fome buildings, fucb as the hotel of the inaifhal of France, who is commander of the city ; the hotel of the cardinal of Rouen, the bidiop's palace, the Jefuits college, the royal hofpital, the hotel of He<%- Darmliadt, the arfenal, the townhoufe, and the cathe- dral. Jt has a wooden bridge over the Khine, which ia thought to be one of the . ftneft in Europe j as h likt-wife the cathe- dral church, whofe tower is the h^ndfomell in Germany, and the clock is greatly ad- mired by all travellers. !Some look upoak ai one of the wonJers of the world, and .the j Accpleisallowed lobethehigheflinEoiope.lCarja, in Afiatic Turky. The clock not only fhews the hours of the of Guick, and the bifhop has a pilace here, where he comnr>only relrdts. Stbatforp, a town of Warwickfliire, with a maiket onThurfdays, and three laiis, on May 14, September 15, and 1 hurfdiiy fe'ennight alter ir, for c' eefe, bops, and cattle. It is feated on the N. fide of the ri- ver Avon, over which there is a handfome ftone bridge, fupported by 13 greaf, and 6 fmall .irches. It is a well buih place, cc-n- tainin^ about 500 houfes, and has a largv choich, with a chapel of cafe, andanalms- houfe, and contains feveral good inns, it is 8 miles S. S. W. of Warviick, and 98 N. W.of London. Lon. i. 40. W. lat. 52. 16'. N. SxRATHNAtER, the moft northern county of Scotland j bounded on the N. by the Ocenn ; on the £. by Cathnefs ; on the S. by Sutherland } and on the W. partly by Rofs, and partly by the Ocean. Stratonicr, anciently fo called, but afterwards Adriannple, now a town of It had once a to Jupiter, in famous temple dedicated which the flares of Caria held their pabiic afTemblies ; but it is now in ruins. Stratton. a town in Cornvtrall, with a market on Tuefdays, and three lairs, on May iS, Novembers, and December 11, for horfes, oxen, flicep, cloth, and a few : h'^ps. It -is featcd between tw» livulete, it v^hich ptoth igh. ff he kini; 3i, arxi tliougb here .ire t> wert a great thouf;h ii feated ftl, 1 1 « Lon. S T R wfilch hfre unite, and fall into the Tea at a fiTislJ diliance. Tlic chief riches of the in- hibirannr rife from the g.irdeni at ' orchard!, but more cfpecially garlick. It it iS miles N. W. of Launcerion, and si i W. by S. cf London. Lon. 4. 55. W. lat. 51. o. N. Straurino, a town of Germany, in the circle of Bavaria, and capital of a terri- tory ef tlic fame name. It ii a large place, and its ftreco arc broad, containing hand- fome cliutchet and fme convents. It wai taken by the Auftriana in 1741, who demo- lifhed the fortificationt (he next ytir ; but it was rendered b^ck in 1745. Itisfeated on the Danube, over which there is a bridge; az miieii S. E. of Ratifbon, and 6j N. E. of Munich. Lon. 12.45 E. lai. 4S. 48. N. String, or Strknovcs, a town of Sweden, in the province of Sudermania, or Sunderland, with a bilhop's fee, and an linndfome college. Charles IX. who died in 1611, is buried in the cathedral, with all his family. It is ftstid on the lake Meier, 30 miles W. of Siockholm. Lon. 17. 40. E, lat. 59. 30. N. * Stretton>Church, a village in Shropshire, with (wo fain, on May 14, and Stptemuer 34, fur horned cattle, horfes, and fheep. Strombot t, the moft northern of the idands of Lipari, lying on the Tufcan Sea, towards the coaft of Sicily. There is a vol- cano here, which throws out fire and flames, and renders it uninhitabie. Lon. 15 15, E- lat. 39. (4. N. * ^TRONBERG, a town of Germany, in the biHinprick uf MunQer, and capiral of a fmall diftri£t, which has the title ot burgra- viate. It is xa miles S. E. of Munller, and ao. N. W. of i'adetborn. Lon. 8. zo. i:. lat. S'- 4S. N. STRONGOLf, a town of Italv> in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Hiiher Ca- labria, with a bilhop's fee. It is feated on a very hig't rock, fui rounded with o'hers, 3 miles from the fe-t, and 7. E. of St. Seve- nno. Lon. 17. zC. E lat. 39. 30. N. Str ou n, a (own of Cloucenerfliirc, with a market on Fridays, and two fairs, on May IS, and .Auguft zi, for horfes, cattle, (heep, and hogs. It is feated on a river of the fame name, over'which there is a bridge, and on whofe banks are feveral fulling- mills. The houfes are generally built with l^ne, and many of the inhabitants are dyers. It is governed by a conrtable, and four tything men; it has one church, and about 500 houfes j but the ilreets a^e nar- row, though moilly paved. Theie is a Is'ije manut'adloiy of white broad-cloath in t!iis town, and its ncig'ibourhoud, It is SUA ri tnites S. of GlouccAcr, and 9) W. bf < S, of London. Lon. a. 15 W* lat, 51* 40. N. * Stviv, a town of Upper Hangarjr, remarkable for i<'s hot b.iths, and for (he mines of copper and ftlvcr found in a neigh- bouring mountain. SivLiMCBN, * town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and fubjcA to the duk* of Fuinenburj^ with a calile. It is feated near the frontiers of the eanton of Schaft'. haufen, 35 miles W. of ConAance. Lon. i, 18. E. lat. 47. 45. N. SruLWEissBKivMn, a very ftronf( tovsn of Lower Hungary, and capital of Ekekerfdegewar. (*lt had the title of rega- lia, or royal, beeaufe formerly the kmva weie crowned and buried here. It ha* been feveral times taken and retaken by the lmperiali(\8, and has been in the hands of the houfe of Aufltia ever fince 168X. it is feated on the river Rainiza, ao miles .S. W. of Bud.i, and i6i N. by W. of Bel- grade. Lon. 18. 15. E. lat. 47. 10. U. Stvrminiter, a town in Dorfetmire, with a market on Thurfdays, and two (air., on May i», and OAuber 14, for cattle and toys. It is feated on the river Stour, over which there is a handfome ftone bridge, in a rich vale ; however, tt is but a mean place, remarkable for (he luins of an an- cient cadle near it, which was the feat of the W. Saxon kings. It i.s 21 miles N. of Dorchefter, and 112 W. by S. of London. Lon. 2. 37. W. lat. 50 55, N. Stutgaro, a handfome populous towA of Germany, in the circle of Suabia,. and capital of the duchy of Wirtemberg. It is furrronded with walls and ditches, but Oafids fo low, that it is impoiTible to mako it a Hrong place. There is an ancient caf- tle, with a rich cabinet of cmiofities, and on the fide are very handfome garden.-*. The flreets are narrow in ihe town, and the houfes generally of wood ; bnt tiiere are fine houfes, and wide flrait Arects, in one of the fuburbs. Heie are the duke's palace, an orphan houfe, and a famous col- lege. It is feared in a plain among moun- tains, near the river Ncck»r, 30 miles N. of Daden, and i;2 N. E. of S^rafburg. Lon. 9. 10. E, lar. 48. 50. N, Suabia, a circle of Germany ; bounded on the N. by the circle of Franconia, and that of the Lower Rhine; on the W. by tho circle of (he Lower Rhine, and Alface ; oo the S. by Swifferiand ; and on the E. by (lie circle of Bavaria. It comprehends (he duchies of Wirtenburg, or Wirtemberg, the margravate of Baden, (he principality of Hoven-ZilUrn, that of Oetringen, tb»r cf S U D af Mln(fcn)eim ; (he bi(hoptlck( of Aogf. burg, ConAance, »nA Coire, with fevcial ■bba>i, and tree lowni, which fee in thiir profMr placti. SvAN A, or SoANA, « town of Italy, in Tufcany, and in the Siennefr, with a bi> Aiop'a Tee } fcated on a hii^h mountain, i»«ar the river Flora, 40 milei S. E. of Si- enna, and 64 N. W. of Rome. Lon. 14. i, a. i£RMAMA, OrSvNOKRLAND, aprO> SV L vince of Sweden, with the title ofnitnhjj bounded on the N. by Upland and WeAcr- maniaj on the £, by ilic psninlula ofTarin 7 on the S. by the Baltic Sea ) and on the W. by Ncria. (t is about 6a miles in length, 4a in brr;<.tli, and is the moA pdpuloui part in Sv> - Jen. It abounds in corn, and mines of '.tveit metaU j and Nikoping is iha capital town, Sii cz, a town pi" Africa, in Egypt, fcaied at the N. end of the W. gnlph of the Rett Sea, called the Gulph of Suez, and has a caAle aiirl a harbour. It is feparated from the Mcditeriancan Sea by an iAhmus, laf miles over, which joins Alia to Africa. Ic is furrounded by a Tandy country, and is without wAtar. It confita of about aoo houfes, and is v«ry moch crowded with people, when the Turkilh galleys arrive there. However, at other times it is al- moA deferted ) and the harbour is too (hal- low to admit fliips of great burthen. Some think ic the ancient Poiidium, and otherr Arfmoe. It is 75 miles E. oi Cairo. Lon. 33. 25. E. lat. 19. 40. N. Suffolk, an Englifh county, 50 miles in length, and 25 in breadth; bounded on the W. by Cambridgefhite j on the N. by Norfolk ; on the S, by EfTex ; and on the E. by the German Ocean. It contains 34490 houfes, t65%o inhabitants, 57; parifhes, 28 market' towns, and fends 16 memberi to parliament. The air is generally whole- fome, but the foil is various} on the fca- coaA it is fandy, and there are feveral fmall hills, which yield hemp, peafe, and rye. The inland parts are clayey, and more fult of trees. The borders towards EfTex are fie for paAurcs, and the N. W. produces corn of all forts. There are manufa£ioties of feveral kinds, particularly all forts of broad- cloth, AulTs, and coarfe linen. The prin> cipal rivers aie, the little Oufe, the Wave- ney, the Stour, the Breton, the Orwel, or Gippe, the Deben, the Ore, and the Blyth. Ipfwich and St. Edmunfbury ate the prioci- pal towns, f: _ , ,j,, / »,:-«-'»-„«, * SuOXLMtSSA, or SlOBLMXSSA, « province of Africa, in Barbary, and in Bile- dulgered. it is bounded on the W. by tha piovince of Oara ; on the E. by Retel ; on the S. by the kingdom of Tafilet ; and oa the N. by Mount Atlas. It it about 100 miles in length, and the capital is of the fame name. It abounds in dates, and has corn and other fruits, befides mines of iron, lead, and antimony. It is feated in a plain, on the river Ziz. The government is in the form of a commonwealth. Lon i. a9r W.lat. 50. 30. N. S V LL Y, a town of France, in Orleanoisy . will* SUM •»!'li tht lilli of a duchy { (. of Oilcans. Lun. «. »6 E. lal. 47. 4S* ff- SuLMONA,! town of Italy, ill tha klnK< doni of Naples anrl in the Hither Abruzzo, with the title of a principality. It is re- jnarksble for being the birth place of Ovi'l, |ind is feaied on the river Sora, »a mitci S. W. of Chieii. Lon. 14. ]. E. lat. 4». 3. N. * SuLTANiA, a eonfiderable town of Afla, in Peifla, and in Irac-Agemi, on the frontiers of Adeibizan. Here is a very magnificent mofque, whicli contain* the (omb of f^ltan Chodabend. U is featcd on a large plain, »a; milci S, W. of Ifpahan, and 50 N. W. of Cafbin. Lon. 51. 55. £. iat. 36, a6. N, SuLTiBAcu, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of Bavaria, and near th£ borders of Franconia. It it a handfome place, has 9 fine cadle, and belongs to the 4uke of Neuhurg-Sultfbach. Lon. is. o. E. lat. 49. 30. N. It is 5 mile* N. W. of Amberg, and 3» N.of Ratifbon. * SuLT^BURo, a town of Germany, in Brifgaw, bt longing to t'^e marquifate of Paden-Pourlach, where there is a handfome palace. )t is featcd in a territory fenile in good wine, 8 miles $. W. of Fribourg. |.on. 7' 40. E. lat. 47. 54. N. Sumatra, an idand of th« B. Inrlian Sea, and one of the three larged of the Sunda iflands, lying to the W. of the penin- fula of Malacca, and the ifland of Borneo, and fepara'ed from that of Java, by the flralt of Sund^t U is about 750 miles in length, and 17$ in breadth. This ifland Jies nearly under the equator, and the low grounds near the t(:a>coafl are overflowed with water, which renders it very unhealthy. Here the natives generally built their houfes upon ports, to fecqre them from the yeaily inundations. The Englifh have feveral forts and faAories on the W. coafl, the chief of which is Bencoolen, which is now built 5 miles up the country, the place where it Oood formerly being very gnwholefome } and they have given it the name of Marl- rough Fort. The chief commodities ex- ported from hence are, pepper, canes, and gold-dud. The chief grain here, as in mofl pf thefp parts, U rice ; ^nd they have alfo fugar, plantains, pine-apples, cocoa-nuts, limes, citron*! oranges^ melons, 4nd pome- granates. Achin, or Atcheeo, is the mod remarkable place for tradr, and lies at the N. W. end of the iOand ; elephantg are very plentiful here, and confequently their teeth, which are bought up b> the merchants of Surat. The inhabitants nn the fea-coaft are fbtell^ l^at^omeuoi j but tiiofc ip tiie in- SUN I land country are Pagans, whofe particntsr worihip IS not ceit4iiily knos^n. t'lity ai« all 01 a black complcxiun, with lon^; hai' ar^d have not tl.c bell duia^cr in ili« woitd fur honeity. * SuMBt, a province of Africa, in th« kingdom of Angiila, lying in about 1 1 dcg. of S, iat. The inhabitants who live upoa the coafl are flrung, lar)>,e, and vary fiip«r> Aitious i but tlia inland parts are very lull* known. * SuMiB-cauHT, a vlllifie In Cornwalf, with two fair:>, om Holy I hui fday, and Sep- tember 14, for liorfcj, cxen, (herp, «loth, and a few heps. SuMiHKiN, an open town of Lower Hungary, feated in the iHinrl of Scliut, made by the river Danube ; fuhje^ to ife houfe of AuAria. It i'« 10 miles S. of Pref- burg, Lon. 18. 37. E lat. 48. 7. N. Sunda Islamps lie in the E. Indian .Sea, near the Straita of Sunda. Tlis chief of thefe are Borneo, Java, and Sumatiai whicii fee. SvNDciButo, a town of Denmark, ia the iirand of Alfen, with the title of a du- chy, and a caf\le. It is fcaied on a Arait, called Sunderbur;*Sund, iz niiirs E. of Flenfburg, and 17 S. E, of Apenrad. Lon. 10. 10. E. lat. 54. 58. N. Sundbblano. See Sundbbmania. SuNniRLAND, afea port town nf Dur- ham, with a market on Fridays, but rv fairs. It is feated on the fea-fhore, at tha mouth of the river Wyer, and is remark- able for its great trade in fea-coal. It is 1 1 miles N. N. E. of Durham, and 264 N. by W. of London. Lon. i. o. W. lat. 54. 5s. N. * SuNDr, a provinceof Africa, in Congo, which lies along the river Z^ire It is well watered by rivers wliich render it extremely fertile, and in the mountain* there are mines of feveral metals The capital town is of the fame name. Lon. 17. 55. E, lat. 4. 50. S. SuNNBBURC, a town of Germany, in Upper Saxony, in the Marche of B'anden* burg, and in the territory of Sternberg, Of lateits condition has been mending every year, and it is now in a flourilhing fta'c, with a very fuperb caftie. It is feated on the river Darta, 50 miles E. of Berlin. Lon. 15. 10. E. lat. 5*. 38. N. SuNTGAw, or StNTGOw, a territory of Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine ; bounded on th^ N. by the river Rhine ; on the E. by the Rhine, and the canton of Bade ; on the S. by Franche Comte, and Porentru ; and on the W. by Lorrain. \t it lubje^ 10 Fraiice, U ■i ■ ' I* u S Ult ll I • SvTfNo, an ancient town of Italy, in t1\e kingdom of Naples, and in the country of Molifc, with a cadle. It is Tested at the fource of the river Tarnara, at tlie foot of tlie Apentne mounrMns, 17 miles N. by W. of Benevento. Sub AT, a fea-port town of Afia, in the province of Guzmat, and in the peninfula on this Ade the Ganges. It was built to the year 1660 on the banks of the river Tapa, the then mart town being in another place ; and wlien the Englifh removed from it to this, others followed their example ; and in a few years it became a large place, and is now faid to have 200000 inhz'^itants. Its trade is now very confiderable } for from 1690 to 1705, the revenues arifing from the cttl^om-houfe, and oihc things, amounted to 16(500 pounds. In this city there are as inany different religions as in AmOerdam; for there are Mahometans of federal fedls, and many forts of Gentoes, of which the Banyans are moft numerous. Thefe are ett! er merchaifts, bankers, brokers, ac- comptants, colle£iors, or furveyors ; but there are very few handicraftfmen, except taylors and btrbers. It is faid there are 85 different fefXi among them, who never eat with each other. Tdere are alfo Talapoins, who are great enemies to the Papi(\s, and prench up morality as the beft guide of hu- man life. They live upon aims, feldom fpeak in the ftreecs, and extend their cha- rity ever religion, which keeps their complexion almoft as fair as that of the Europeans. Betides tlieff, there are Jews and Armenian Chriftians, who are all great merchants. The fields about Surat are all plain, and the foil is fertile, except towards the fea, which is Tandy and barren. All Torts of proviflons are very cheap, and they have as good wheat as in Europe. They have various forts of ff wis, and plenty of antelopes in their forefts, though but few deer. There are no fine buildings, but many of the houfes are large ; and there are caravanfaries and mofques. The French have a little church near the old Englilh fac- tory, where they keep a few Capuchins, who praflife furgery without a reward. The Englifh and Dutch agents make good figures here, and they always have a good undtrftanding with the c'Scers of ftate and s u s jurtfce. The affaijs of the E. India compa- ny are managed by a piefident and council ; and tiie former lives in great Tplendor. Th« Mahometan women are always veiled when they appear abrnad, and their drefs is much the fame as the men. The Gentoe women are bare faced, and their legs are bare up 10 the knee. They have feveral gold and fiiver rings on the^r ncTes, ears, legs, and toes. Surat, together with the citadel, was taken by the Englifli in April 1759, and after, wards ceded to them by the Crea Mcgul. It is 160 miles N. of Bombay, and 375 S. W. of Agra. Lon. 7a. ac. E. lat. 11. 10. N. Sua IN AM, a country of S. America, in Teria Firma, in Guiana, and capital of the Dutch Tettlements there. It Extends about 75 miles along the river of Surinam, and abounds in fruits, f fh, ;ame, and fmgular animals of different kinds. They have fu- gar, cotton, tobacco, gum«, and dying woods. The wodds aie lull of monkeys, and it is faid there ar^ Terpents 30 feet long. The capital town is of the fame name. • SuRiMciA, a large trading tn*n of Afia, in Japan, and in the ifland of Niphon; capital of a province of the Tame name, with a caftle, where the emperors for- merly refided. Lon. 139. 5. £. lat. 39. 30. N. Sorry, an Englifli county 36 miles in length, and 13 in breadth j bounded on the E. by Kent; on the S by Suffex; on the W. by Berkfhire ; and on the N. by Middle- Tex. It contains 34220 houfes, 205322 inhabitants, 140 parifhes, and 11 matket towns, and Tends 14 members to parlia- ment. The air is generally good, whole- Tome, and temperate. Eut the Toil is dtf< Terent in different places, tht middle being barren and full of heaths; but in other parti fertile and good. The pnncipal rivets aie the Thames, the Wey, the Mole, and the Wandel. The principal towns are Guil- ford and Kingflon, the aflVces beifig kept Tomtimes at one place, and Tometimes at the otherT. • *Si7KSBA, a handTome town of Swiffer- lat'^d, in the canton of Lucern, feated on a Tmai! lake, formed by the river Sur, 5 miles S,. of Lucern ; it enjoys handfome pri- vilsces. Svs, a kingdom or province of Africa, belonging to Morocco; bounded on the W. by the Ocean ; on the N. by Mount Atlas; on the E. by GeTula ; and on the S, by the Tands of Numidia and Sus. Taradant is the capital town. It is a flat country, mnfl of which abounds in corn, fugar-canes, and dates. In the mountainous part the inhabi- rntt are eni tlieir own ch SusA, an ly, in HitHm f, U L mts are entirely free, and are gov«tned by tlieir own chiefs. SusA, an ancient and (Irong town of Ita- ly, in HieHmani, and cspital of the marqui- f..te of Sufj, with a forr. There is alfo a rich coiivtnf, called the abhey of St. Jvi\, and a tfiufnj)hal aicli eiefltd to tlie honour of Auguftus Cwfir, It is featcd on the ri- ver Dona, among pleafant mountains and hills, and is calleri the ke> of Italy j becaufc it IS ihe principal pairige out of France into It.ily. It is 30 miles N. W. of Turin, and 45 N, F, of Brianzon, l.on. 7. 7. E. lit. 4.5. 6. N. It was taken by the French in 1704, but rendered back to the dukeofSa* voy in 1707. SusDAL. a town of the Rufllan empire, and capital of a duchy of the fame name, with an archbifhop's fee. It is built with wood, as are mod towns in thefc parts, and feated on the river Clefma, 80 miles N. E. of Mofcow. Lon. 42. 5. Erlat- 56. 6. N. Sussex, an Englith county, 80 miles in length, and 24 in breadth ; bounded on the S. by the Britifh channel ; on the W. by Hamplhire j on the N. by Surry j and on the £. by Kent. I' contains 2 r, 540 houfes, 129,240 inhabitants, 3i2parinie8, 17 mar- ket-towns, and fends 20 members to parlia- ment. The air is often thick and foggy, but not unwhohfome, unlefs it be in the low marfliy lands. The foil in the iriid'dlc is rich and fruitful, which renders the roads deep and dirty in the winter. It is more w6ody towards Kent, and has feveral iron mines. The fea coall is high and chalky, being called the Downs, but the fea-fliore is full of banks of fand and rocks. The chief rivers are the Arun and the Rother, befic'es fomef.'nall dreams which fall into the fea. Chichefter is the capital town. * SusTER, an ancient and celebrated town of Perfia, and capital of Sufidan ; but it is nothing now to what it was formerly. Jt is feated on the river Caron, 85 miles S. >V.of Ifpahan. Lon. 51. c. E. lat. 31.25. N, SvsTEREK, a town of Germany, in the circle of Wedphatia, and ducliy of <»JulierJ, fea:ed * miles from the river Maefe, and is S. of Roermond 01 Ruremond. Lon. 4. 55. E. lat. 51. 9. N. SuTHiRLANn, a fhire of Scotland; bounded on the E by the German Ocean , en the S. by the fhire of Rofs ; and en the W. ard N. by Strathnaver and Catlinefs. It is a mountainous country, and fends one member to parliament. • Sbtri, a town in the territory o( the Church, and Patrimony of St. I'cter, wih a bi(hop'« tw j fca;ed on the river Fui^zulo, S W E Lon. 12. I5 t. n miles N. W. of Rome, lat. 42. ij. N. • Sutton, a village in Hampfhire, with two fairs, on Trinity-Tutfday, for to>s, and November 6, fc-r pedlars wait. Sutton Co IF 1 EL I), a to* n of War- wickrtnire, with a maiket on Mcnriays.and two (.lirs, on Tiinity Mond.iy, and on No- vtnoher 1 2, for flieep and cat le. Ii is feat- ed in a fine air, but in a barren foil, and is but a fmall place, it is 24 miles N. vv. of W arwick, and ids N. W. of London. Lon. •• ^o. W. lat. 52. 36. N. Swabia. SteSuAQIA. SwAFTAM, a town of Norfolk, with a maiket on Saturdajs, and ihiee faiis, on May I 3, for (heep, ca'tle, and toys, and on I July 21, and Nove.nibcr 3, for cattle ani toys. Ii is feated on a hill, and is a larg« well-built place, full of inns and Ihopkeep- erS( and is one of the bed towns in the county. It has one large church, one quaker's meeting houfe, and about 300 good houfes J and is a genteel place, but the dreets are not paved. It is 54 miles N. N. E. of Newmarket, and 94 N. E. of London* Lon o. 50. E. lat. e^i, 4?. N. Swale, a river of YcikShire, which rifes on the confines of Weftmoreland, and run- ning S. E. paltes by Richmond and Tlrrufk, and falls into thenver Oufe. SwAitEy, a town of Afia, in the domi- nions of the Great Mogul, and in the pro- vince of Cambaya. I has a hatbour where fliips receive and deliver iheir merchandize for the merchants of Surat ; being ii miles N. W. of that place. Lon. 72. 15. E. lat. ai. 35. N. Sw'NSEY, a ffa-port town of Glamor, gandiire, in S. Wales, wiih two markets, on Wednefdays and Saturdays, and four fairs, on July 13, Auguft 26, Oflober 19, and the two following S.iturdays, for cattle, (heep, and hogs. It is commodioufly feated on the fea-rtiore, where the river Tawey difcharges itfelf, and is by the Welch called Aber-Taw. It is a large, clean, arrd well- built town, bavinc; the bed trade in the County, and has great correfpondence with Bridol and VVorcet^cr. It is 27 miles W. N. W. of Cowbridpe, and 202 W, of London. It is governed by a portreeve, a chief, 12 alf'ermep, 2 clambcrlains, and 60 or 7ocommon-council-mfcn. It has an old cadis, 2 churches, and 400 houfes, with broad paved dreets. Lcn 4. o.W.lat. 51* 4c. N. SwiDiN, a large kint;dom, in the N. part of Europs } bounded on the N by DaniHi Lapland, and the Ocean ; on the S. by the Baltic Sea, and the ^ulph of Fin- I C £ c s knd) S W E Und ; «nd on the W. by Norway, the Sound, \ iind the Catagate ; being about 800 miles in length, from N. to S. and 3$o in breadtd, from E. to W. It is dKided into Ptoper S vedcn, Ootlitand, Nordland^ "inland, and Lapland. U was anciently called Scandina* via, or at leal) it is part of the country of that name. We may eafily conceive that the climate is not every where the fame ) for on the fide of Mufcovy, the lont^eft day is 18 hours, 30 minutes j but farther to- iiV»rds the 19. and near the Pole, there is but one day and one night throughout the year. In the province in which Stockholm is feat- ed, the fpring and autumn is fcaice to be perceived, for the winter continues 9 months, and the fummer during the remaining thrte. In winter the cold is ej^ctfTive, and in fum- mer the heat is aimol^ infupporcable, the air being ferene aH that time. Notwith- ftanding this, the Swedes live a long while) and it i% not uncommon to fee ten people at the fame table, whofe ages m^ike up 1000 years. Thofe places that are fit for cultiva> tlon have fcarce a foot of good earth, for be- low it is all gravel ; for which reafon they till the g ound with a lingle ox, and one fer- vant may teadily manage the plough. For w.int of mnnure they burn their fupe^fluous >vood, and rtrew the aflies on the ground, to render it fruitful ; however, this practice has cf late been fobid. All their rocks are quite coveted with flowers in the fummer time, and their gardens bave plenty of fruits. The trees are early in bloflbming, becaufethe foil is fat and fulphureous, which contributes greatly to the vegetation of plants J but yet the apples, pears, cherries, apricocks, mt;lons, and grapes, have not fo good a taOe as in ;the more fcuihern countries. Their domeliick animals are hoifes, cows, hogs, goats, and fheep. In the Dvinter time fodder it fo fcarce, that the in- hahitantdare forced to unthatcb their houfes, fo feed their cartcle. With regard to the iwild beads, there a»e bears, wolves, foxes, wild cats, and fquirrels. In winter the foxes and fquirrels become grsy, and the hares as wliite as fnow. There aic alfo elks and rain-deer. They have feveral foits of fowls, and patridges, wocdcocUs, and fa'cons, in great plenty. The filver-mines are 2co yards in depth ; and though they aie rich, yet the people who work them have fcarce wherewith to fubfid, when the king's duties are paid. The mines of cop- per are exceeding good, an»! they get large quantities out of them every year, though not fo much as formerly. Likewife the iron mines yield a great deal of iron, and they ufuall^ exchange ibem for tlie commo- S W E dities of foreign countries. But Ante tM Swedes have had manufactories of their own, foreign merchandizes have been pro* hibited ; which has reduced the iron to fo low a price, that thofe that work in the mines can fcarce get enough to live upon. The Swedes did not apply to navigation tiU the year 1644, when their veiTcls had li- berty tu pafs through the Sound, without paying any toll. The vafl quanti^ ies of the Swedes commodities broui;bt here by the En8;li(h, put them upon thinking of trade } and now they have a great number of artifl» and workmen, as well Germans as Scotch, who are, as it were, naturalized among them, and their manufa^ories are now in a prety good condition. The innovations in- troduced by Charles XI. did great injury t» trade} and the -English, who purchafed many things in Sweden, now fetch them from America. The nterchandizes which the Swedes fupply foreigners with, are boards> gunpowder, leather, iron, copper, tallow, (kins, pitch, rofin, mafts, and ali forts of wooden utenfils ; and on the con- trary, they are obliged to purchafe fait, brandy, wine, linen cloth, fluff's, tobacco, fugar, fpice, and paper. However, the trade has been greatly hurt by the Ruflian* having feized Livonia, which was the gra- nary of Swedon ; and now, in fcarte year* they are obliged to purchafe corn and provi- fions from the Ruffians with ready money ; befides, in 1721, their veflels were obliged to pay the fame toll as other nations for pafTing the Sound ; however, in 1731, they fet up an Ball India company at Gotten- burg ; and as that harbour is without the Sound, the merchandizes brought from the Eaft Indies come duty free. The inhabi- tants are of a lobufl conflitutiofi, and able to fuflaifl the hardeA labour. They are mut h more polifhed than what they were ; and have feveral public fchools and colleges, where arts and fciences are taught. Their houfes are gene ally of wood, and very lit- tle art in their conftrudlion. The roofs are covered wiih turf, on which their geats of- ten feed^ There is no country in the world where the women do fo much work ; for they till the ground, ihrefti the coin, and row the boats on the fea. The government of Sweden was always monarchical, and was formerly eledtive, but afterwards be- came hereditary. But after ihe death of CiarlesXil. in 1718, the flates of theking< dom began to recover their ancient rights, and eleded the hufband of Ulri>.k Eleonora, daughtei of Charles XI. for king. He was landgrave of HcflTc. The father of the prefent king was tkSted in 1745, who was of the h«Hfe S W I Hofe of Holftem-Eutin. At the fame time titey r«.c(lablt(hed the authoiiry of the af- femhiy of the rtatu, which confirts «r looo gentlemen, loo ecclefiafti s, 150 huieelfKS, and about 250 peafants. The whole coun- try is divided into a; governments, whofe governors arc called L3nH.Hoefdin!», «nf' piomife tHat they will govern according to the Swedifh laws, reduced into a body in 1756, and conform to the inOruAions of the king, as alfa to quit the province when the king fhall command them. The Swedes profefs the Evarvgelical ccligion, and will not tolerate any ot'ier in their kingdom. They have one archbifhop, and feven bifhops, be- fideJ fix fuperintcndants, and they muft be all, as well as the inferior clergy, natives of ihecounrry. It is faid that the Swedes can fend an army of 80,000 men into the field j for feven peafants muft furnifh a horfeman, and three a footman. This indeed may be done within the country, but they cannot fend fuch an army into foreign pai ts. They alfo pretend that they are able tj equip 50 men of war, and yet they have not failors to man them i for in 1719, they could fit out but tweniy-four veffc-ls of the line, nor could they defend their coa(\8 againlt the KufTians. ' '■> ■■- SwKBiN, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of Lower Saxony, and capital of a county of the fame name, with a handfome caftle, where the king refides. The cathedral is a fupeib ftru^lure; and in the lake near it there are twenty-fix forts of fifh. It is la miles N. E of Wifmar, and 37 S. E. of Lu • beck ; fubjed) to the duke of Mecklenburg. Lon. ■ r. 51, £. lat. 53. 46 N. SwERMCK, a town of Turky in Europe, Seated on the river Drino, on the confines of Servia and Bofnia, 80 miles W. of Belgiade. Lon. 19. o, £. lat. 44. 30. N. Swindon, a town of WiliHiire, with a market on Mondays, and four fairs ; on Monday before April 5; thefeccnd Monday after May 1 1 ; and the fecond Monday af- ter Sept. II, for all forts of cattle, hogs, and (heep } and on the fecond in 0£lober, for the fame, and fat cattle. It is feated on Ihe top of a hill, near a rich vale, and the houfes are well built with ftone. It is zS miles N. of Salisbury, and 74 W. of London. Lon. 1. 40. W. lat. 51. 32. H, SwiTz. SeeScHiTZ. SWITKRRIANU, Or Sw I SSER t A N D, 3 large country of Europe ; bounded on the £. by the Tyrol; on the W. by the Franche Comte; on the N. by Suntf^aw, the DIack Foreft, and a pa't of Suabia ; and on the S, by Savoy, the Milanefe, and the provinces Qi fierg^marbO and Bie.Tuiu>. Ui« about S W I 115 miles in length, and 83 in bread. h, and is'f/arateH from the adjacent countries by high niounfairs, moft 01 which aic covered With fnow. There aie a great number of lakes anJ rivers, and fome very fcrtix plains, wliich plcnri''ally afford thenec«ir.>- ries of life. SAiilvrland ii divided in'. « 1 3 cantons, without compreliendin^ ihcir al- lies, namely, Lucern, Uii, Switz, Under- v»ald, Zug, Fiihurg, Soleute, which are Cath. lies. Ttie Troteflant cantons are Zu- rich, Bern, Bsfl?, and Sc'iaffiiaufen, Claris and Apperzcl coniain ho h reliKions. All thefe cantons are fo many rrpublus; and ic was the cantons of Switz, Uri, and Under- wald, which be|Tun to throw nd of Trinity, and 120 miles S. of Barbadoes ^ 52 miles in length, and j% in breadth. Thu bnglifh formerly attempted to fettle here ; but were driven away by the natives. Some fay it is a very fruitful country, and others that it is nothing but a rocK } however, ro European has fettled here at prefent. It was ceded to the Englilh by the treaty of 1763. Tabarca, an idand of Africa, on t^e coafl of Barbary, belonging to the Genoefe, who fifh for coral here. It is 50 miles W. of Tunis^. Lon. 8. o. E lat. 36. 30. N. Tabasco, an ifland of N, America, in New Spain, and in the governmeut cf Ta- bafco It is formed by a river of the fame name, and by that of St. Peter and St. Paul, being about 30 miles in length, and 10 in breadth. It is near the bay of Campeachy. 10 miles from the fea, and 160 S. W. of Campeachy. • Tabasco, a province or government of N. America, in New Spain ; bounded on the N. by the bay of Campeachy } on the E. by Yucatan j on the S. by the province of Chiapa ; and on the W. by thatof Guax- ^ca. It is about ico miles in length, and as much in breadth, and is very fertile in chocolate-nuts, in which its chief riches confifl. The air is extremely moift, and there are fhovrers every day for nine months in the year. Table Mountain, a mountain of Africa, being the moft weflern cape or promontory in that part of the world, and is near the Cape of Good Hope. The bay which is formed thereby is called the Table- Bay. Taboga, an ifland of America, in the 8. Sea, on the Bay of Panama. It i$ about 4 miles in length, and 3 in breadth, and is a mountainous place, abounding with fruit- trees. It belongs to the Spaniards. Lon. 86. 30. W. lat. I. o. S. Tabor, a town of Bohemia, in the cir- cle of Bechin, where the HulTues were for- tified, and Zifca their chief. It is 40 miks S. of Prague. Lon, 14. 30. £. lat. 49. as- N. Tabristan, a province of Afia, in Per- fia, lying on the fouthern (hore of the Caf- pian Sea, bounded by Aflrabad on the E. and Ghilan on the W. • Tacha, a town of Bobemui, on the coniins^ confines of foret\ of Boh Lon. 13. I ( Tadcai of Yorkfhir but no fairs of limellon( large ftone is 9 miles i W. of Lont jj Tapmoi • Tado r'lca, in C fea ed on t from its m< ceives the lat. 48, 16 TAFALil in Navarre river Cidaa wine, 18 I 40. W. lal • Taf Barbary, a peror of A the kingd( the £. by defeit of kingdoms is divided and Tuet. try, but p by the b'. live upon breed hQi alfo oflric will trav« live in te Inhabitar the capiti with a ( plain, 3; S. E. of 32. N. • Ta the king vince of who cai feated ir fea, and lat. 28. • T/ Itingdor Aantina place, b |8 fa mo Auguft • T bia the \\ke coii TAG T A L srwifv Tli^ in confines of the Upper PaUtina*e, near (he tie on a mountain that commsridi tTie town, foreft of Bohemia ; fetted on the river Mies. |.on. I), ic. E. lat. 49. 56. N. TADCAtTEt, a town in the W. Riding of Yorkihire, with a maiket on Thurfdays, but no fairs. It is noted for the Kceat plenty of iimetlone dug up near it ; and (h«re is a the dominiors of Moruccn, and in tiiu king* large ftone bridge over the river Warf. It — is 9 miles S W. of York, and 184 N. by Lon, 41. 25. E. lat. 11. 50. N. • Taoliacozz", a town of I'aly, \m the kingdom of Naples, in the Fjrihcr Abruzzo. • Tagum Ai>r • T, a t'^wn of Africa, 1.1 dom of Tafilet j fea'cd on the river Uras, W. of London. Lon. i. 5. W. lat. 53. 52 TaDMOR. SeePALMYKA. * Taooubac, a fettlement in N. Ame rica, in Canada, with a harbour. It is fea ed on the river St. Lawrence, 300 miles from its mouth, at the place where it re- ceives the river Sagueni* Lon. 68. 35. W. lat. 48, x6. N. Taf AtAjOrTATAiLA, a town of Spain, in Navarre, with a caftle ; feated on the river Cidazo, in a country producing good vvine, 18 miles S. of Pampeluna. Lon. i. 40. W. lat. 4a. 4$. N. * TAFitET, a kingdom of Africa, in Barbary, and in the dominions of the em- peror of Morocco ; bounded on the N. by the kingdoms |,of Fez and Tremecen ; on the £. by the Beriberies ; on the S. by the defeit of Barbary ; and on the W. by the kingdoms of Fez, Morocco, and Sus. It is divided into three provinces, Dras, Saro, and Tuet. It is a mountainous fandy coun* try, but produces a little wheat and barley by the reed hgifes tofell toforeiij;ners. Theyhave alfo odriches and dromedaries, which laft will travel 100 miles in a day. The Arabs live in tents, and (he Beriberies, the ancient Inhabitants, dwell in viliages. Tafilet is the capital town, which is a trading place, with a caflle, and feated on a river in a plain, 320 miles S. by £. of Fe?, and 275 £. E. of Morocco. Lon, i. 29. W. lat. 28. 32. N. • Taoaost, a large town of Africa, in the kingdom of Morocco, and in the pro- vince of Sus. A great many Jews live here, who carry on a conflderable trade. It is feated in a fertile plain, 50 miles from the fea, and 37 S. of farudant. Lon. 7. 3 5. W. lat. 28. 32. N. • Tag A ST A, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Algiers, and province of Con- Aantina. {t was formerly a confiderahle place, but is now reduced to a village. It |S famous for being the birth-place of. St. AuguAine, • Tack, a large town of Ada, in Ara- bia the Happy, on the road from Maca to fhc court of the king of Yemen, with a caf- with a ftrong caftle Handing on a mona- tain. Lon. 6. 13. W. Ut, »6. 40. N. Tag US, now called Tajo, a river of Spain, which has its fource in New Ca- ftile, on the confines of thckini^:t!om of Ar- ragon. It runs throuv;h Oid Caftjle, paflca by Toledo, from whtnce it procecdj to Al- c^intara in E^remadura, when entering Por- tugal, it wafhes Santerein, where it foriws a fmall bay, which fervcs for the harbour of Lifbon, and 10 miles (lill lower it falls into the Atlantic Ocean. This river is called Tejo by the Poituguefe, and was formetif famous forits golden fan-'s. • Taif, a lown of Afia, in Arabia the Happy, in the territory of Hcgiaz, which abounds in fruits, it is feated to the S. of Mount Gazuan. • Taj HO, a town of Afia, in China, and in the province of Cliiaiipri, where there are magnificent temples, and two very high towers. Lon. 1 14. 41. £. lat. 27. 3S. N. Ta INI, a feaport town of Scotland, in the fhire of Rofs, feated on ti'e Frith of Domock, 12 miles N, of Cromarty. • Taipino, a town of Afia, in China, and in the province of Q^ang^'f an'! in that part that belongs to the king of Tonquin. Lon. 1C3. 25. E. lat. 23. 20. N. • Taipino, a town of Afia, in China, and in the province of Nankin, feated on the river JCiang. Lon. 115. 31. E. lat. 31, to. N. TAiLtEBURc, a town of France, in Guienne, and in tt-e territory ofSaintongC} feated on the river C*iarente, 30 miles S. E. of Rochelle. Lon. •. 50. £. lat. 45. 52. N. Taitchin, a town of Afia, in China, with a harbour, 160 miles S. E. of Nankin. Lon 121. 16. £, lat. 29. 10. N. • Taitong, a ftrong city of Afia, in China, and in the province of Changfi. Taiamonk, a fea port town of Tufca* ny, feated on the coafl del Piefidii, ij miles N. of Orbiteilo. Lon. 1 1. 50. E. h\ 41. 33.N. Talavkr A, a town of Spain, in New Caflile, with a fort; feared on the liver Tajo, in a large valley abounding in corn, fruit?, and excellent wine. It is 58 miles S. W of Madrid, and belongs to the arch. tifhop I T A M tiUhop of Toledo. Lon, 4. 7. W. lat. 39. 44. N. • Taiavbruila, a town of Ertrema dura, in Spain, feaied on the livei Gundia- ra, 14 miles E. of Badajoa. Lon. 7. 15. W. lar. 38. 40. N. • Taloaktu, a village cf nrecknock (h'\te, in S. Walct, 10 milrs £. N. E. of Brecknock, with lix fairs, on March 12, May 31, July 10, September 23, Novtmber 3, and Dccentber 3, all for cattle, ilicep, and horlea. Tallakp, a town of France, in Dau- pbiny, and in (he Gapenzuis ; feated on the river Durance, 47 miics S. oi Grenoble. hot*. 5. 50. E. lac. 44. 39- N. Taulinoton, a town a'joininsj to Dorcherter. It has one church, and about 300 lioufcs, with fevcral Hicets, which are broad, bat badly paved, and fome not at all. Talmont, a town of France, in Gui- cnne, and in the territory ot Saintonf^e, with the title of a pri-ncipality, and a fmall harbour J feated in a peninfula of the Gi- ronde, so miles S, E. of Sainttt, and 180 S. W. of Faris. Lon. o. 55. W. lat. 45. 3«. N. • TAtSARNF, a viU'age in Cardlgan- fliire, in S. Wales, with two fairs, on Sep- tember 8, and November 7, for cattle, horfes, and pedlars ware. • Talybont, a village in Carnarvon- ftiire, in N. Wales, with two fairs, on tA»y 12, and Augu{\ 7, for cattle. • Tamal/»*iec A, a town of America, in Terra Fi?ma. in the government of St. Maitliaj feated on the river Magdalena, and belongs to Spain. Lon. 71.45. W. iar. $. 6. N. • Tamar, a river of England, which runs from N. to S. and dWides Cornwall fiom Devondiire. • Tamara Islands are fl:uated in Africa, on the coad of Guinea, rear Si erra Leone, where there are all foits of re- frefhments, as well as gold and elephants tetfth. • Ta M A R A, a town of Afia, in the ifland of Sccotora, lying near the mouth of the ^ed Sea, with a liathour. It is feateu en the N. ccad of the iflund. Lon. 42. 25. E. |;it. 12. ]0. N. ^, • Tamar AC A, a capt.lin(hip of South 'America, in Brafll; bounded on the N. by the captainfliip of Parayba 5 on the E by |he N. Sea; on t^e S, by Fernambuco ; and- pn the W. by the Tapuyas. There ia an ifland of the fame na(ne, feparated from Terra Firma by a narrow channel; and l^)ii^hi« S fotles in length, and 5 in breadth • TAN" There i« a good harbour, whofe entrance if dt(en(^ed by a ca(Ue. Lon. 34. 15. W, Jar. A. O. i>. Tame a town in Oxfordlhire, with a market on Tuefdays, and two lairs, on Edacr-Tue(d4y, for all forts of cattle, and on Odubcr 10, for hirin|; fervants, and for horfts and fat ho<-». It is pleafantly feaied on a river ol the fame name, which with hi branches almofl !uiround it; and over wlich there is a bridge. It confitts of on* large ftreet, jo the middle of which is the nuaiUet.place; and there is a. famous iree- fclijol and a fmall hofpital. It is iz miles E. ot Oxford, and 4 5 W. by N. of London. Lon. 1. o W.lat. 51. 41. N. * T/sMiNGA, a town of Afia, in Chi- na, and in the province of Ptkin ; fe.»ted in an agreeable country abounding in ri- vers and lakes. Lon. 114. 35. E. lat. 36. 56, N. * Tammisbrook, atown of Gernnany, in Thuringia, built by king Fepin, tl\e fa- iher of Charlemagne. It belongs to the ekftor of Saxony, and is near the river Unflruth. TAMwoRTtf,|t town in Staffordfliiie, with a market on Saturdays, and three fai s, on May 4, for cattle ana flieep, on July a6, for cattle and wool, and on Ofto. ber 24, for all forts of cattle. It is plea- fantiy feated on the liver Tame, and on the borders of Watwickfliire. It is a pretty good corporation, and fends two members to pailiamenr. It is 6 miles S, E of Litch- field, and 107 N. W. of London, Lon. il. 38. W. lat. 52.40. N. Tanais. See Don. Tanard, a river in Lombardy, which rifcs in ti(c confines of the county of Ten- da, in the territory of Genoa, croflfesMonc- ferrat, pafles by Queiras, Aiba Afti, and Alexindiia, falling into the river Po, a little below Valenja. Tan.^sserim, a town of Ada, in the kingdom of Siam, capital of a province of the fame name, 210 miles S. W. of Siam. Lon. 9S. o. E. lat. ta. o. N. Tan cos, a town of Portugal, in Ef)ro< madma, feated on the river Tsjo, where the Ztzara falls into it, 60 miles N. E. of Lilbon. Lon. 8. 36. W. lat. 39. 16. N. Tancrowall, a town of Africa, in Negioland, feated on the river Gambia, where the Englifh have a fort. It is di- vided into two parts, one of which is inha- bited by Portuguefe, and the other by Mun- dingoes. The former confiAs of large fquare houfe.", and the latter of round huts shout 20 feet diameter and 8 high; the wails aie of good binding clay, apd the covenni^ is like TAN iHte a bee hive, made eiilier wlh ftraw or palmetto leavcM. It is pleafamly feaicd hy the water fide, and rs a^ut hall a milu in length. It is about 30 miles E. of Jantes fert. TaUpa, a town of Afla, m the Eaft In- dies, in the kingrtom of Bengal, Tested on the eaft fide of the river Ganges, no miks N. W, of Dacca. Lon. 116. c. E. lat. 25- o. N. Tanoa vr, an iOand of Afia, and one of the mofi ea(\erly of the Philippint-s. Ii is Teparated from Manilla by a narrow Orait ; and is i»5 miles in length, and 100 in breadth. On the north coafi there is a vol- cano, which throws out fire and flames. Ir belongs to Spain. Lon. 1*4.. 10. E. lat. is. o. N. • Tan CRT, a village in Hampshire, Vfith one (air, on April 15, for fheep. Tanger M N ne, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and in the old Marche of Brandenburg. It is not a large place, but populous, and fome of the eledors have kc:pt their coa t in an old cafllc he'C. It it, fea'ed on the river Tsnger where it falls into the Eib, %i miles N. W. of Lrandcnburg, and 27 N. E. of Mngde- burg. Lon. iz. 10. £. lat. 51 30. N. Tang I BR, a fea port town of Africa, in the kingdom of Ft;z. It was taken from the Moors by the Portuguefe in 1/171, and given as a dower to the princefs of f'l-rtu- gal, who married Charles H. king of Eng- land ; hut he dtd not think it worth the cxpence of keeping, and therefore in 16Z3, he caufed the works to be blown up, and withdrew the garrifun. It is Ancly Ceaied 115 miles N. ot Fez. Lon. 5. u. W. lar. 35. 40. N. Tangut, a kingdom of Afia, inChinefe Tartary ; bounded on the E by China, on the S. by the kingdonn of Av.i, on ihe> W. by ihe dominions of the Gteat MoRtil, and on the N. by thofe of the Great Khan of the Calmucks. Ic is divided into two pans, Tangut proper, and Tibet -, the Ixll is the patrimony of Dalai Lama, (he fuvereij^n pontiff of the Tartars. He is looked upon as a God, being thought to know tlie fccrets of the heart, and they rome from all parts of India to pay him homat^e. He receives alt their humiliarions fitting upon sn al lar, in a very handfome pag'>d, which Aands on Mount Poutala. He falotes no body, not even princes; he only puts his bund on tluir heads, a.''ter which they be- lieve their fins aje forgiven. After this pontiff dies, they believe he appear^ ap.iin in a new body, and always maktss hjmfeli kaowo. TAR TA^J^o«, s town of Afia, !n tlie Ea/I Indies, .Tnd on the coart of Coromandel. It is the cipiMi of a province of the fame name j hounded on the N. by Gingi ^ cii the S. by Maiava ; on the E by the fea j and on the W. by the kingdc m of Madura j and is one of the heA (ountiiesin the Eaii Indies. The town is feated on a branch of the river Caveri ) and the French, Dan««, and Dutch, have faAoties here. Lon. 79. 7. E. lat. 1 1. 17. N. • Tanor, a fmall kingf'em of Afia, in the Ed{\ Indies, and on the coaft of Mala- bar ; bounded by the dominions, of theSa- rrtRiin and (he fea, and is ahou- zo miles fquaie. It is a wholefome fertile country. Taormina, a fea port town of Sicily, in the Val di Dtmnna j feated on a rock a fmall dil^ance from the fea ; and it fufFercd greatly by an earthquake in 1693. It is tS8 miles S. of MtfTina. • TAp/iCRt.a province of .S. Ameriia, in Peru, and m tlie diocefe of Plata j 50 miles long, and 30 hroad, T.ipTA. a river of Afia, in the peninfuU on this fide of the Gangts, which runs Weft through the kinijdc m of Cambaya, and falls into the fea, a little bt.low Surat. • Tapu Y AS, ur Tahu V EBs, and Ta- pinamboks, the names of two fibes of American favages, in Brafil. When tb« French attempted to fettle on the coaft, they went Oaik naked, and neither men nor wo- men could be brought to wear garmtntsby any means. Their bodies were painted of feveral colours, efpecially black ; and tbe hair of the insn was cut p'ctty clofe on tbe top of the head, but behind they wore it Ions:. Tliey hid all holes in their under lips, in which they put a green fione. The women had long hair, but no holes in tlieir lips ; however, their ears were bored, and tliey put wl ite bones in the Iio.'es. They were at firft reported to be giants and men- caters; but this is found to be faife. Tar an to, a ft a poit town cf Italy, ii» tbe k ngdom of Naples, and in the Terra d'Otrnnt.oj a flroim and populous place, with an archbifhop's fee, and the title of a principality. It is feated in a peninfula, and is defended by a ftrong cart e, but th^ harbour is choal tiers of Old Caftile, with a bifhop's fee It was taken from the Moors in mo, and iifeated partly on a rock, and partly in a fer- tile pk:n, on the river Chiles, 160 miles N. by E, of Toledo, and 1x7 N. by E. of Madrid. Lon. 1. 99. W. lat. 41. 55. N. Tarbks, a populous town of France, in Cafcony, and capital of the county of Bi- gorre,. with a bi(hop*s fee, and a caAle ; faated on the river Adour, in a plain, 4a miles S. W. of Aufch, and i la S. by £. of Bourdeaux. Tarrntesia, a province of Savoy, with the title of a county j bounded on the N. W. by the duchy of Savoy, and Fauflig- ry ; and on tl>e S. E. by the duchy of AuAe, and the county of Maurienne. It is a difagreeable barren country, full of dread- ful mountains ; Moutier is the capital town. * Targa, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Fez, feated on the Tea coad, with a caftle built upon a rock. Near it is a very plentiful fifhery, and it is feated in a plain furrounded by mountains and thick fotefts full of monkeys. It is accounted a defart ; but there are (^ood wells and fine paftures. Lon. 4. 23. W. lat. 35. 2. N. Targokoo, a townof Tuiky in Europe, and in the province of Moldavia, 50 miles S. W. of Jazy. Lon. a6. 29. E. lat. 47.0. N. * Tarootisco, a confiderable town of Turky in Europe, and capital of Waiachia; feated on the river Launiza, 67 miles S. E. of HermanRadt, nnd 1S8 N.E.of Belgiade. Lon. 25. 5. £. lat. 4;. 45. N. Takiffa, a town of Spain, in Andalu- fia, and in the diocefe of Cadiz, with a ca- file. Is is a poor place, with few inhabi- tants, and is feated on an eminence on the Straits of Gibraltar, 17 miles S. W. of Gi- braltar. Lon. 5. II. W. lat. 35. 56. N. Tarku, a town of Afia, in Ferfia, and capital of Dagheftan j feaud on ihe weft r A ft coaft of the Cafpian Sea, among C'ttiif rocks, 5» mtlet S. E. of Teiki, and 300 N. E. of Tauiis. Lon. 49. 5. E. Ut. 44. zo. N. • Tarn, a river of France, which has its fource in GevauHan, and falls into tha Garonne below Montaubtn. • Taro, or Borgo-di-val-di-Taro, a town of Jtaly, in the duchy of Parma, and capiral of the territory of Val diTaro j feated on the river Taro, 20 miles S. of Borgo Donino, and 25 S. W. of Parma. Lon. 9. 49. £. Ut. 44. 34. N. Taro, a liver of Italy, which rifes in the mountains of the confines of Genoa, and running N. E. crnfTei Parma, wheie it wa(hes Campiano, and Borgo di-val-di- Taro, and proceeds to difcharge itfell into the Po below Ciemona. Tarodant, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Morocco, and territory of Sus, feated near the Atlantic Ocean, ito miles S. of Morocco. Lon. 10. o, W. lat. 30. o. N. * Tar RAO A, a town of Spain, in Cata- lonia, feated on a hill, near the ri^er Cervera. It is the chief place of a vi(u£>ie, and is 15 miles from Lerida. Tarragona, an ancient and f)rong town of Spain, in Catalonia, with a harbour, a bifhop's fee, and an univerfity. It was built by the Phoenicians, and was very powerful in the time of the Romans. There are many monuments of antiquity here, namely, medals, infcriptions, and the ruina of magnificent buildings, It is now fur- rounded with walls built by the Moors, and is alfo defended by regular works. It is neither fo large, ncr fo populous as it was formerly j for though there is room for 2000 houfes within the walls, there is not above 500, which are all built with large fquare ftones. It carries on a great trade, and is feated on a hill on the Mediterranean fea, in a country abounding in corn, wine, oil, and flax. It is 4$ miles N. E. of Tor- tofa, and 270 E. by N. of Madrid. Lon. I. 23. E. lat. 51. 2>. N. * Tarring, a village in SufTex, with two fairs, on April 5, and Oftober a, for pedlars ware. Tarsus, now called Terasso, an an« cient town of Turky, in Afia, and in Cari- minia, wliich makes part of Natolia, with an atchbifhop*s fee. It was the capital of Cilicia, where St. Paul was born, but is now almoft ruined. It is feated near the Mediterranean fea. Lon. 35. 55. £• lat* 37. 10. N. Tartar y, Ca«AT, a large extent of country, making the third part of Afia, be- ii)f TAR. in| about 1500 milet in length from E. to W. and iss in bieadth from N. to S. I la feated between 35 and 53 degiees of N. latitude. It was anciently called Scythia, whofe laft king was named Unghsm, and wat conquertd by a rebel named Cnin^e:) Khan. He founded a new kingdom, which hai fincc been called Tartary. Europran Tartaty, as well Tartary In Turky, lies near the Black Sea, and Mufcovy Tartary ia near the Cafpian Sea ^ AAatic Tartary, of which we are now fpeakiog, is watered by Ave large rivers, which ferve to deter- mine the fituation of places ; namely, the Oby, the Volga or Wolga, the Jenifea, the Lena, and the Amur. It is a difficult mat- ter to give a true divifion of this country ; for diiTerent authors give a different defcrip- tion, and tlieiefnre we can only take notice that the Mufcovites pofTefs a large part of this country lying beyond the river Oby ; aad the Cliinefe pofTefs that part of Great Tartary which is fcparated from China by a wall. This being premifed, we may di- vide this country into three parts, which are Ruffian Tartary, Chinefe Tartary, arid Independent Tartary. RufTian Tartary has no fixed bounds, but it mav be near 1500 miles in length from E. to W. and 750 in breadth from N. to S. The modern maps divide it into Siberia, whofe inhabitants are called Ofliacks, and who are a favage va- gabend people, whofe principal town is Narim. Tungufia is another part, which lies near the Jenifea, and Jenifeflcoy is the capital town. Jakutia, or Buratia, lies near the rivers Lena and Angara, and the capital is Jakutfkoy ; the fourth part is called Ockotia,whtch lies near theeaflern fea, the river Amur runs through it, and Ockot- ikoy is the capital town. There is an- other part lately difcovered, called Kamf- chatka, which is contiguous to Great Tar- tary, and lies on a flrait into which the ri- ver Amur falls. Chinefe Tartary is feparated from China by a great wall, and is about 750 miles in extent. It is divided into the eaftern and weftem j and that part of it near the wall is without inhabitants. It was formerly fuppofed to be Cathay, whofe capital was Cambalu, which is now well known to be Pekin. This is divided into feveral parts, which are all mentioned in their proper places. Independent Tartary comprehended all that part of it which be longs neither to Ruflia nor China ; and is compofed of feveral kingdoms, namely, TurkeAan, Great Boch^ria, Little Bocharia the kingdom of the Calmucks, and Tibet, or Thibet, or Boutan, which is a largecoun- try, and part of Tangut^ In general, the TAT Tartars are a robuft people, have a good conf\itution, and capable of under|(oini{ hardfhips. They have broad faces, lliorC chins, large whifkers, and nofea even with tlicir faces. They are dexterous in hand- lin|{ their fabies, and fhooting with bowt and arrows. The men have no other buH- nefs than that of going to war, and the wo- men take care of domtAic aflPdirs. They aie pagans; and have a pontiff called Dall Lama, taken notice of in the article Tam« CUT, which fee. As for the feveral leAttr diviflnns of the Tartars, they are taken no- tice of in their order. * Tab T AS, a town of France, in Gaf- cony, and in the territory of Albert ; built in the form of an amphitheatre, and on the lide of a hill, upon the river Midouze, vt.'liich falls inio the Adour, it miles N. E. of Dax. Lon. o. 48. W. lat. 43. 5a. N. Tarudant. SeeTAnoDANT. Tassing, aniflrnci o' Denmark between thofe of Finuniii, Langcland, and Arroei It is feparated from the former by a niir- row canal, and contams a few towns and villages. Tasso, an ifland of the archipelago, near Romania, at the entrance of the gul^k of ContefTa. It is about 35 miles in cicum- ference, and the capital town is of the fame name, which has a good haibour, and fe- veral caAles. It was formerly famous for mines of gold and quart ies of beautiful mar- ble. Tatta, a town of Afia, in the domi- nions of the Great Mogul, and capital of the province of Sinda, otherwife called Tatta. It is a large, rich place, about three miles in length, and one and a half ia breadth ; and has a large caravanfery at the end, capable of lodging 500 men and horfes. All goods and merchandizes imported or exported between Taita and Laribundar, are carried by camels, oxen, and horfes. The adjacent country is almnA level ; and over- grown witi) fhrubs anr! bufhes, wherein the- robbers luik to attack travellers. It is about two mites from the river Indus or Sind, from whence there are canals cut to bring water to the town. Sometimes it does not rain here for three years together, which has caufed fo fevere a plague, that 80,000 people have died of it in that city only. They have manufactures of lilk and cotton, and they make chii tz very fine and cheap ; as alfo curious cabinetf inlaid with ivory. The Por'tugueze had formerly a church here, wtiic'i is nowabanHoner! ; and the Gentoee have a fiee toleration of their religion. Lon. 68. 15. E. lat. »5. 10. N. TATTiRSHALi,a towH of Liocolitfhire, D d d d with \n r A u T A Y w'tdi a maiket on Frid;t>«, and two fairs, iwitti two markett, on Wedncfdayi and Sa< on May 14, and Scptfmbcr 15, for liorfe*, iiu'dayi } and two fain, on July 17, for cattle, and cloth. It i« fcaied on tlie river bullocks and hoif«t { and on July 7, for Banc, ntar the place wheiv it falls into the , thice dayi, the firlt lor bullocks and horfei, V/itliam, and in a fenny couniiy. Itii but and the other two for pedlars ware, and a fmall place, and was formerly of note for its cadle. It is 2a miles S. E. of Lincoln, aid 118 N. of London, L^n. o. s. E. lat. 5J.6.N. Tavhstus, a town of Sweden, in Fin- land, and capital of tlit province of Tavalt- landj feated on the river which f^llsinto the lake Wana, 51 miles N! W. of Boigos, and 6» N. E. of Abo. The province is bounded on the N by Eaft Colhnia j on the E. by Great SavolaX} on the S. by Nyland } and en the W. by Proper Finland and Eaft Both- nia. The piincipal commodity is iron. Taubst, a river of Germany, in Fran- conia, which rifes in the marquifate of Anf . pach, and running N, W. towards the con- fweet meats. It is picafantly ftaied on the river Tone, or Thone, among meadows} and the river is navigable for barges within three miles of the town, where there is a handfome bridge | and it had once a caftlc. now in ruins. It is a handfome, neat, well-built place, with fpacious Hreets and two parifh churcheti } and has feveial large woollen manufaflories. It is reckoned the bcft town in the county, and fends two members to parliament. It it 31 milca N. E. of Exeter, and 14S W. by S. of London. Lon. 3. 10. W. lat. 51. 6. N. TavoaMiNA. SeeTaoaMiNA. * Tai'ri>\u, an iHe of France, in Bre* tagne, lying at the mouth of the river Mor- linea of Swabia, pafles by Rotenburg, Ma-jlais, whofe river is defended by a caftle. ' riendal, and Wcitheim, where it falls into the Maine. • Tauchel, a town of Poland, in Po- ' merella, feated on the river Verd, 35 miiei N W. of Culm, and 5? S. W. of Marien- burg. It haa greatly fuflfered by fire and by the war. Lon 18. 35. E. lat. 53. x8. N. Tavibna, a town of Italyj in the king- dom of Naples, and in the Farther Cala- bria ; feated on the river Coraca, la miles £. of Nicaftro, and 70 N. E. of Reggio. Lon. 17. 0. E. lar. 39. 15. N. Tavira, or TAviLt, a confiderable . town of Portugal, and capital of the pro- vince of Algarve, with a handfome cuMe, and one of the beft hai hours in the kingdom, defended by a fort. It is feated in a plea- fant fertile country, at tl>e mouth of the river Gilaon, between Cape Vincent and the Strait of Gibraltar, ico mite$ W. by N. of Cadiz. I.on. 7. ao. W. lat 37. 3. N. Tavistock, a townof Devonfhire, with a market on Saturdays ; and five fairs, on January 17, May 6, September 9, Oftober 10, and December 1 1, all for cattle. It is feated on the river Tavey, or Tavc, and was once a flourifliini; place, famous for its ilately abbey, which is divided into tene- ments. It is mil a large place, and well watered, there being a brook running thro' every ftreet, and over the river it a ftone brrdee of five arches. It has two alms- houfes, and fends, two members to parlia- ment. It is 3* miles W. by S. of Exeter, and zoo W. by S. of London, It alfo gives the title of marquis to the eldtft Ton of the duke of Bedford. Lon. 4. 16. W. lat. 50. 37. N. Taunton, £ town of SomcrretfliirCj ii.M Lon. 3. 5 1 . W. lat. 48 . 40. N. TauRis, or Tibris, a town of Afis, inPeifia, and capital of Aderbeitzan. It was formerly the capital of Perfia,^ and is now tlofqucs. Some tiavellers fuppofe it to be the ancient Ecbatana ; but of this there is no certainty. It is fe.ited in a delightful plain, furrounded with mountains, from whence a ftream pro* ceeds, which runs through the city. It is 95 miles S.£ of Nackfivan, and 3x0 N. V/. of Ifpahan. Lon. 46. 50, E. Jat. 38. x8. N. Taurus, a great chain of mountains in Afia, which begin at the eaftern part of Little Carimania, and extend very far into India. In different places they have diffe- rent names. Tay, a river of Scotland, rifing in the Loch or Lake of Tay, in the fhire of Bread* albin, and running E. through Athol. It afterwards turns S. E. dividing the fhires of Perth and Angus from Stiathern and Fife, and then falls into the frith of Tay. * Tatoan, a town of Afia, and capital of the ifland of Formofa, lying in the Chi- nefe Sea, with a harbour on the weAern fide. Lon. lai. 30. E. lat. 39. 5. N. Tayvan, an ancrent, large, and Arong town of Afia, in Ctiina, in the province of Chanfi. The emperor formerly refided here; and it is apreeably feated amorigthe moun- tain* and hills. Lon, III, 45. E. lat. 3S. 33. N. . •Trr- I • TlYBtl in Bil9iuli(cri( Zara, or Def towns, and ha • Taicis in the kingdo fines of the ki feveral remain but poorly bu m'^untain, 19 9. 15. E. lat. • Tebca. the kingdom province of th good trade, at of the moun W. lat. 3». • TtCK, lon, which h: piffes by Cere after falls ini( Tecklin in the circle county of the on a hill. PrulTia in 17 nibrug, and 8. 5. E. lat. • Ttciu Africa, in thi the province on theiiverS in dates and I lat. 29. 10. ^ •TECOAf of North An Ouaxaca, on with a harb( contains feve houfes. Lc • Tecor of Africa, i and capital c in IMIedulgei and the inli Lon. 7. 5S' • Tecui kingdom of of Hea, wit hour. It i tain, at th« name. Lo • Tede in the king; of the fame diterranean ful fifhery, 4. iS.E. r • Tedn town of Ai to, and caj TED • TiYBiBBLT, » province of Africa, in BiMuli^crid, and in tha mi'lille of the Z4ra, or Defart ; it contain three fmall towni, and hat a great many palm-trees. • TtiBitA, an ancient lowwof '\frica, in the kingdom of Tunis, and on the con- fintt of the kingdom of Algiers. There are fevcral remains of antiquity ; however it i» but poorly built, and feated at the foot of a mountain, las mitei from the fca. Lon. 9, 15. E. lat. 3J. 5. N. • TtBCA, a ftrong town of Africa, in the kingdom of Morocco, and capital of a province of the fame nxme. It carries on a good trade, and is fesi, a town of Africa, in tl'e king- dom of Morocco, and in the province of Su(, feated in a plain abounding in corn, and where there it plenty of flieep, 17 miles from Mount Atlas, and t* from Ta« rudanr. Ties, a river whicli lifcson tlie confinet of Cumhtfrltnd, and running eaftward di« vides the county of Durham lium Yorkfhire. and falU into the German ocean below Stockton. * Tefezara, an ancient, targe, and f\rong town of Africa, in Barbary, and ia the kingdom of Tremecen, i» miles from the city of that name. There are a great many mines nf iron in its territory. TsrLis, a handfome, Aront;, and confi- derable town of Perfia, and capital of Geogia. The inhabitants are almoft all Chiiflians, being 20,000 in number ; and are Georgians, Armenians, Papifls, and a few Mahometans. It carries on a confider> able trade in fntrs ; and there ate handfome bazars or market- houfes, and caravanferat kept in good order. The Mahometans have no mofques here, for fear of offending the inhabitants ; but they have a laige ca- ttle, whofe garrifon a^e all Perfians. It ia feated on the river Kur, at the foot of a mountain, 105 miles N. W. of GanJia, and 1x5 W. of Teiki. Lon. 46. 15. E.iat. 43. o.N. * Tic AN, a town of Afia, in Chinr, and capital of the province of Huquang. It< the territory of this place, there are a fort of worms, which make white wax like that of bees. Lon iix. 31. E. lat. 31. ;'• N. Teg APAT AN, a fea-port town of Afia, in the peninfula on this fide the Ganges, and near Cape Comorin, where the Dutch have a fadlory. It it 80 miles S^ of Cochin. Lon. 76. o. E. lir. 8. o. N. * Tegaza, a town of Africa, and ca- pital of a territory of that name, to the E. of the kingdom of Senegal, and in the defart of SaharalK It is remarkable for mountains of fait. Lon. 6. 30. W. lat. ai. 40. N. * Tegeut, a town of Africa, in Bar- bary, and in the kingdom of Sus ; divided into three parts, which are a mile dilUnt from each other, and may contain about 400 houfes. It is feated on the river Sus, 15 miles from its mouth. Lon. o. 5. W. lat. 19. 40. N. * Te G L 10, a town of the Grifons, which D d d d t gives TEL Itivn nam* to the Vaittlina. It it fiatcd on ■ mountain n«ar the river Adda, between Sondrioand Tlranno, S milei from each. * TiaoaAaiir, a lar^e country of Afii- ca, in BiUduigarid. between Rarbary and Cli« Defart {funded by Zeh on tlx E. and SegelmcfTa on the W. It ii faid ro contain 50 towni, and about 1 50 viltaget. The in- babitanii carry on a great trade to Batbary and NegroUnd, and are very civil to Arangeri. • TtoovAa IN, a territory of Africa, In Barbary, and in BiltdulKcrid. It containi 50 caAlea and above too villagei, and is tlie place where the caravans meet to travel over the great defart Saharah. * TioTE8/(, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Moiocco, and tha province of Hea ; feated on the top of a mountain, and the inhabltanta are faid to be great thieves. TiHAMA, acoontryof Arabia Felix, ly- ing on the Red Sea ; bounded on the N. by the territory of thefheriflfof Mecca } on the E. by Schaulcn j on the S. by the trritory of Mocha } and on the W. by tl e Red Sea. • TlIONMOUTH, or TiNMOUTH, a town in Devonfhire, feated at the mouth of the liver Teigne. This is the place where tite Danea firft landed, and where they com- mitted feveral outrages. It has no market, but three fairs j on the third Tuefday in Ja- ruary, tha tall Thurfday in February, and December 19, for woollen cloth. It is 15 miles S. of Exeter, and 187 W. by S. ol London. Lon. 3. 45. W. lat. 50. 15. N. Tiissi, a river of Hungary, which rifes in the Carpathian mountains, on the con. finea of Tranfilvania and Red RuflTia. It runs towards the fouth, pafling by Wara- dtn, Tolcay. and Segedin, falling into the Danube, near the Tiiul, fome leagues above the mouth of the Save. Telkmona, a town of Italy, on the ■oaf) of Tufoany, and in the Stato delli Pre- fldii, with a fmall harbcur, and a ftron^ fort, it is feated at the mouth of the brook Ofla, at the cx'remity of a point ol a craggy rock, 10 miles from Orbitello. Lon. 11. J5. E. lat. 4a. 37. N. Tblxcin. SeeTRiMSciN. TiLOEiN, or TiLGA, CHBiBY,afea-poit town ot Ada, in the ptninfula on this iide the Gar.gr?, and on the coaft of Ma'alisr, where t'.e! a is io Enslifh h 0. N. * Telsham, a village in SuiTolk, with one fair, on Augufl 16, for (heap, lambs, and toys. * TaMrNDirviT, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Algiers, feated on lli« Medi- terranean fca, io miles E. of Algiari. Lon. 3, 43. E. lat. 30. 36, N. * Tembcbn, a province cf Afiica, in the kingdom of i'ef ) boun>'ed on the N. by the liver Ommiraby | on the E. by that of Curie((irg} on the S. by Mount Atlas ) and on thu W. by the Straits of Gibraltar } be- ing about 75 inile* in lengih, and 50 in bicadth ) and one of the mofl fertile coun- tries in Ijarbaiy ) but the inhabitants ate pioud and fcditious. The women value t'emfeives for wearing a gteat quantity of jewels and bracelets. T(MBswABB,a conAderable, important, and very flrong town of Upper Hungary, and capital cf a county of tlie fame name. It formerly pafTed for impregnable t how- ever, it was taken by prince Eugene in a dry feafon, by throwing in feveral thoufand bombs in 1716. It is feated in a morafs, which renders it inacceiTible, unlefs tley are in want of rAin, ; 5 miles N. E. of BeN grade, and 150 S. E. of Buda. Lon. ai. 35. E lat. 4S- 5+ N. * Tbmian, a kingdom of Africa, in Ne^roland j bounded on the N. by the river Niger } on the E. by the kingdom of Wan- gria, the defart of Zeu, and the kingdom of Dauma ; on the S, by the kingdom of Gabu } and on the W. by that of Biroi The inhabitants are quite unknown to the Europeans. * Tbmmklkt, a fmall, but populous town, in the kingdom of Morocco, feated on a very high mountain, from whence pro- ceeds a fmall river. The inhabitants are a kind of favages, and very poor. * TEM7LiM,*a town of Germany, in the eleAorate of Brandenburg, in the terri- tory of Ukermark, on the confinea of the middle Marche, near the lake Dolgen. TzMBocK, a fea-port town of Koban, or CircafTian Tartary, in Afia, feated on the S. coaft of the fea of Afoph, 20 miles E. of the ft. aits of Kaflfa. Lon. 41. o. E. lat. 46. O..N. * Tenacxbin, or Temassxejn, an ancient and populous town of Afia, in the E. Indies, and in the kingdom of Siam ; capital of a province of the fame name, aiifl ftatcvH on'the river Tenaflerin, in a coun- try ahounding in all the neceflfaries of li'^?. f-on, i^S. 4j. £. lat. la. 46. N. Tsn«uby, TEN TtMivar, a town in Woretflerfltira, with a mark«l on TutCdnyi} and thrt* fain, on Apill a6, July iS, and Scpt«ni« b«r t6, for hornad catda, horfei, and Aiecp. It it faated on tha rivar Tema, which dU vidai WorcaAar(hira from Shropfliire, 19 milca W. by N. of WorccAer, and • *8 N. W. byW. of London. Loo. i. ^i. W. lat. 5t> BO. N. TtNBT, a fca-port town of Pcmbrotw* Ihlra, in S. Walat, with two maiketi, on Wadnafday* 4nd Saturdays i and A *t fairs, on Whit>Tuefday, May 4, July to, OAo. bar to, and Decambar 4, for cattle, horf««, and ftiaap. It it faatad on tha fea Hiore, whero thara it a commodioai haibour, or road for fhipt. Its cadia was demoiiOted in tha late civil wart, (inca which, this place it fallen to decay. It it 10 milet E. of Pambrolte, and aoS W. of London. Lon . 4. 45. W. lat. 51. 40. N. Tbndai a ftrong town of Italy, In Pied- mont, and capital of a county of tha fame name } feated on the river Bo{;a, 20 itilles 5. W. of Coni, and 5s S. of Turin. Lon. 7. 35. E. lat. 44.0. N. TaNaooi, a celebrated ifland in the Archipelago, lying on the coafi of Aden- zie, a province of Natolia, to the S. B. of Lemnot, and 10 miles from the ftraits of Galipoli. It Is 10 miles in length, and 10 In breadth, and its roufcadine wine is the beft in all the Levant. Nothing has render- ed this ifland more famous in antiquity, than the flege of Troy, which might have baan feen from hence; however, there are no ramaina of antiquity now. On the eaft« era (idc of the ifland, is a pretty large town, feated at tha foot of a mountain, with a fine harbour, commanded by a caflla. Ta Nan IV, an ifland of Afriea, and one of the Canaries, being the moflt conflderable for riches, trade, and extent. It lies to the S. of the ifland of Salvages, to the W. of the Grand Canary, to the N. of the ifland of Gomera, and to the E. of that of Palma. It is about 45 miles in ler^gth, and 20 in breadth, and abounds in wine, different forts of I ruits, cattle, and game. One part of this ifland is furrounded by inacceflible mountains, and there is one in particular, called the Pike of Tenetif, which may be faen 100 miles off, in a clear day ; it being one of the higheft mountains in the world, and it in the form of a fuKar-loaf; how- ever, according to Dr. Halley's obfervations, It is no more than « miles and a quarter high. This ifland is fubjedV to earthquakes ; and in 1704, there happened one that 6t- flroyed feveral towns, and many thoufand people, Laguoa it the capital town< Lon. T E R 16. 11. W. lat. tt« ]0. (f. * TaNBBir, a town of AnMrica, hi Terra Firni^, and in tha govarnmant of 8c. Martha, faated on the river Msijdalana, leo miles from St. Martha. Lon. 71. 45> W. lat. 9. 4j. N. * TBNtf, a town of Africa, in tha kinf* dom of Tremecen, and capiul of a provinca of the fame name, with a ftrong fon ) faaie4 on ih« Hde of a mountain, 4 miles (rom ch« fta. Lon. I. ss B> lAt' 36> ]<*• N. ' Tbmiz, a province of Africa } bound* ed on tha R by that of Algiers } on tha W. by Tremecen, pfopo ly fo called } on tha S« by the mounlaina . f Ati^s \ and on the N. by khe Mediierrantan fea. It abounds in corn, and cattle, and the inhabitants valuo themfulves upon their courage. * TtnttA, a town of Africa, In th« kinf^dom of Morocco, very advantageouflf feated, on a declivity of part of Mount At- lai. * TrNRCHcu.atownof Afla, InChina, and in ttie province of Xantong, with • good harbour, where ttere is generally n fleet of Chinefe fliipt. Lon. II]. 33. E. lat* 37. so. N, * TaNNKHTAnr, a town of Germany, in Thufingia, near ihs rivers Sellienlein and Schambach ^ ^ miles from Effort, and belongs to t' e rle^or of Saxony. It waa taken by the Imperialifls, and pillaged ill i6j«, and ib4i. TaNTBKtjRN, a town of Kent, with a market on Fridays, and one fair, on May 5, for cnitle and pedlars ware. The fleepio of the churcli i« noted for being a handfoma and lofty building, which before Goodwin fandj appeared, was marfe ufe of at a baa- c.-^n CO dire£l feamen. It is 14 milet 9. W. of Canterhury, and 60 E. by S. of London. Lon. o. 45. E. lat. 51. 6. N. * Tc N J sG B z e T, a ftrong town of Afri- ca, in the kingdom of Tremecen, feated on the top of a rock, at the foot of which run! the river Tefma. It is on the road from Fct to Tremecen. * Teolacha, an ancient town of Afri- ca, in Barbary, and in Bilcdulgerid ; feated in a country abour^ding in dates, upon a river that proceeds from a hot fpring. Tea A MO, a town of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, and in the Farther Abrus« to, with a biflfop's fee, and the title of a principality; feated at the confluence of tho rivers Viciola, and Tordino, 10 miles N. W. of Atri, and 45 N. E. of Aquila. Ld». 13. 53. £. lat. 41. 37. N. •Trrasson, a town of France, in Up- per Perigord, and in the diocefe of Sarlat, with a Benediainc abbey j feated on tha river ^'.■1 f .1 m !!ji T E R river Viiere, over whi^h therein a handfome bridge, to miles from SaiUt* Lon. it 19. £. Ut. 45. 15. N. Tercbra, one of the largeft idands of the Azores, or wrftern iflands, lying in the Atlantic Ocean. It is about 40 miles in cir- cumference, and furrouniled with crairgy rocks, whi.li render it almoO inaccell\blr The foil is fertile, abounding in com, wine, and fruits ; and they have fuch plenty of cattle, that they fupply the (hips therewith that call there. However, their principal traHe is wood. The inhabitants are lively and well made, and they pretend to a great deal of leligton, and ^alUntry at the fame time. They pique themfelves upon points of honour, and areexocmely revengeiul. It is their cuftom to rove about in the night- time, in qaeft of intrigues, and feldom fail in finding women for their purpofe. It is fubjeA to Portugal, and Angra is the capi- tal town. • Teioa, an ancient town of Africa, in the kingdom of Morocco, feated on the river Ommirabi, 15 miles from Azamor, in a fertile country. TzRGowisKo, the capital town of Wa- lacbia, in European Tuiky, 80 miles habitants; however, it was much more confiderable formerly than it is now. The tainous cataraA of the river Velinois a mile f>om this place, which is feated in an ifland foimed by the river Nera, 15 miles S. by W. oi Spoleto, and 45 N. by £. of Rome, Lon. 12. 4;. E. lat. 42. 4. N. *Trrnova, an ancient town of Turky in Euro)...', and in Bulgaria, with an arch- bifhop'i fee. It is the reiidence of a fangi- ack, and was formerly the feat of the princes of Bulgaria. It is feated on a moun- tain near the river Jenera, 97 miles N. E. of Sophia, and 88 N. W. ef Andrianople. Lon. 25. 53. E. lat. 48. 1. N. ^^ TRRouANR,a ruined town of France, in Artois, ceded to France by thePyrenean treaty. Lon, 3. 38^ W. lat. 50. 36. N. Terr AC ina, an ancient town of Italy, in the teiritory of the Pope, in the Cam- pagna of Rome, and en the frontiers of Terra di-Lavoro, with a bi (hop's fee. It is giea:iy decayed on account of its un- wholefome air, and feated near the fea, en the fide of a mountain, in a very fertile country, 50 miles S. £. of Rome, and 55 N. W. of Naples. Lon. 13. 15. £. lat. 41. 20. N. T£RR ADEL FuKGO, an ifland of S. Ameiica,'lyinf; to the .S. of the Araits of Magellan They now fail to the S. of it in pairing to the S. T-^a ; and not through the llraits of Magellan as formerly. It is full of mountains, whofe tops are always co- vered with fnow. As for the natives they are a hardy fort of people, go flaik naked, and are of the fame complexion as the other AmericanSi T E R Americant. However, they have a fquare mantle made of the flcini of beafti, which they wrap themfelvcs in occafionally ; and wear a cap of feathers, They live upon hunt- ing and fi(hing, and their arms are bows and arrows. Tkrba FiRMA, a country of Anrterica, lying between the idand of Trinidado, and Khe ifthmus of Panama. It comprehends New Andalufia, Venezuela, Rio- de-la>Ha- cha, St. Martha, Cartagena, Terra Firma, properly fo called, Popayan, the new king- dom of Granada, Comana, and Caftella- del-Oro ; which fee in their proper places. TxRBA Firma, Proper, generally Scnown by the name of Darien, is bounded on the N. by the N. Sea ; on the E. by the gulph of Darien ; on the S. by Popayan, and the b. Sea ) and on the W. by the S. Sea, and the province of Veragua. It lies in the form of acrefent, about the bay of Panama, and is 300 miles in length,and 60 in breadth, from the N. Sea to the S. Sea. It is the ifthmus which joint N. and S. America, and the chief towns are Panama on the S. Sea, and Port^-Bello on the N. Sea. Not- withftanding the fettlemcnts of the Spa- niards here, there are a great number of native Americans, who have preferved their independency. It is a mountaincus coun- try, and difficult to pafs in the rainy fea- fon, on account of the torrents which fall from the mountains, which fometimes rife confiderably in a night's time ; and travel- lers are often obliged to get upon trees, to fave thenifelves from being drowned. The men are of the colour of red copper, with black coarfe hair, black eyes, and no beards. They go quite ntked, but the women have a clout, to cover what modefty oblige^ tliem to conceal. Both fexes paint their ikins with feveral colours, and the men have a gold plate, which hangs- from their nofes over their mouths ; but the women have a ring hanging in the fame manner, which pafTes through the griftle of their nofes. Theft; they Uy afide while they are eating. They all in general wear Arings of teeth, ihells, beads, or the like, hanging from the neck to the pit of the Oomach. They have feveral animals proper to this part of Ame- rica, and a few tigers, but no lions, as fome have aflerred; nor are there any in all Ame- rica, except an animal fo called, which is more Hkea wolf than a lion. • TiRRA NuovA, an ancient town of Italy, on the eaftern coad of the ifland of 'Sardinia, featcd at the bottom of a gulph of the fame name. Lon. 9. 45- E, lat. 41. 3. N, TiRRiNo,atownofSuflcx, withamar- T fi S ket on Saturdays, and two fain, on Aftril ;, and Oflober a, for pedlars ware. It is feated on the Downs, not far from the fea, a4 miles E, of Chichefler, and 53 S.W. of London, Lon. c. 25. W, lat. 50. 50. N. TcKRoutN, a town of the French Ne therlands, in the province of Artois, feated on the river Lis, 6 miles S. of St. Omcr's, and q W. of Aire. Lon. 3. 15, E. lat. 50. 37. N. TzRvEt, a confiderable town of Spain, in the kingdom of Arragon, on the frontiers of Valencia, with a bilhop's fee } feated in a large, pleafant, feitile plain, watered with Areams, planted with gardens and fruit- trees, whofe blolToms perfume the air; and where they enjoy almod a perpetual fpring. It ftands at the confluence of the rivers Guadalaviar and Athambra, 75 miles S. W. of SaragoiTa, and 1 12 £. of Madrid. Lon. o. 5$. W, lat. 40. 30. N. TtRvr.Ri, a town of the United Pro- vinces, in Zealand, and in the ifle of Wal- cheren, with a pretty good harbour, and a fine arfenal, fubjcA to the prince of Orange. It is feated on the N. E coaft of the ifland, 4 miles N. £. of Middleburg. Lon. 3. 35. E. lat. 51. 58. N. Te a c H I M, a town of Germany, in Silefia, and capital of a dudhy of the fame name ; fui rounded on all fides by a morafs, and feated near the fouice of the river ViOula. At a little didance from tt is an old caAle, feated on an eminence, where the ancient dukes refided. Since 1709 there is a Pro- teHant fchool, and church here ; and the in- habitants carry on a trade in leather, woollen Auffs, and Hungary wines. They make pretty good fire arms, and brew excellent beer, which they call magnotz. It is 37 miles S. E. of Troppav, and 65 S. W. of Cracow, Lon, 18. 55. E. lat. 49, 46. N. • Tksegi>ilt, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Morocco, and in the province of flea, near the fource of the river Techu- bit. It is furrounded by a craggy rock, which renders it impregnable; and the in- habitants are faid to be very civil to (Irangers. TisiNO, a large river of Italy, which has its fource in the Alps, and on Mount Gothard, and runs through the conntry of the Grifons, and the lake Maggiore \ then tunning S. E. throu^ih part of the Milanefe, itwafhes Pavia, and a little after falls into the Fo. TessBf, an ifland of N. Holland, at the entrance of the Zuyder Zee, withaArong citadel, feated on the S. coaA, which ferves to dtfend Amflerdam ; it has alfo a large commodious haibour. • T»sTIN|^■o, a village of Merioneth- fliiie, "" J: 0*1 ; ■dm t . I 1j ;T E U Aire, in N. Walts, with feven Mn, on M«y s4, Friday after Trinity, July s, Au- fu(^ IS, September a 6, OAober 19, and No- ▼amber 1 3, all for cattle. Tit an BY, a town of Glocefterfliire, with a market on Wednefdays, and two fairs, on Afli»Wednefday, and July it, for cattle, flieep, and horfes. It is feated on the edge of the county next Wiltfhire, and is a pretty good place, with a handfome mar- kethoufe, and a confiderable trade ; the market is large for corn, cattle, cheefe, malt, yarn, wool, and provifions. It is 25 miles E. N. E. of Briftol, and 93 W. of London. Lon. a. 16. £■ Ut. 51. 36. N. Teticaco, a large lake of S. America, in Peru, and in the province of Callao, above aoo miles in circumference j it ren- ders the towns that are feated on it ex- tremely pleafant. Tstuan, an ancient and pleafant town of Africa, in the kingdom of Fez, and in the province of Habata. It is pretty well bnilt, and the inhabitants are about 1 5,000 in number, who call themfelves Andalufi* ant, and almoft all fpeak Spanifh } but they are great pirates. Some fay there are 30,000 Moorifli inhabitants, and 5000 Jews. The koofes have no windows towards the Greets, except little holes to look cut at ; for thefe are on the infide towards the court- yard, which is furrounded with galleries, and in the middle generally a fountain. They are two Aories high, flat at the top, and the Areeta exceeding narrow. The drefs of both fexes are much alike : h\it you can fee nothing of the women in the ftreets, ex- cept their eyes and naked legs, which are never covered in this country. When they are at home, they vifit each other from the tops of their houfes. However, when they meet Europeans in the fields, they make no fcruple of (hewing their faces, when there is none of their countrymen near to obferve them. They wear bracelets on their arms and legs, and large ear-rings in their ears. They have very fine eyes, and fome of them beautiful fkins } and their ved is open be- fore, fro|n the bofom to the waift. The fliops in the city are very fmall, being with- out doors ; and the mafter, when he has opened the (butters, jumps in, and fits crofs legged on a counter ; the goods being dif- pofed in drawers round about him, and all the cuftomers (land in the ftreet. It is feated on the river Cus, 3 miles from the fea« and has a caflle which commands the town. It is 108 miles N. by W. of Fez, and S E. of Tangier. Lon. 5. 18. W. lat. 35. 15. N. *TivBABT, an ancient townof Afri- . i T E Z c«, ia Barbary, aad in the kingdom of Fex, feated on a mountain near the river Za. It.was formerly one of the moft importaat places in Africa. * Taaaaa, an ancient and sonfiderable town of Africa, in Barbary, and In Bile* dulgerid, divided Into two parte by a river. It carries on a good trade, and is feated in a country abounding in dates. TBWKSBnay,aiowninGioucefter(hire, with two markets, on Wednefdays aiid Sa- turdays, and five fairs, on March 7, May 14, June as, September 4, and OAober 10, (or tanned leather, and pedlars ware. It was formerly noted for its moaaftery, and is now a large haodfome corporation, containing about 500 houfes, with a mag. nificent church. It is feated at the conflu- ence of the rivers Severn and Avon, has a cotton manufactory, and fends two mem- bers to parliament. It is 10 miles N. cf Gloucefter, and 96 W. N. W. of London, Lon. a. 15. W. lat. 5s. o. N. TaxxL, a town of the United Provinces, in N. Holland, feated at the mouth of the Zuyder-Zee, with a good harbour, and a ftrong fort. It is feated in an ifland, which is feparated from the continent of Holland by a narrow channel, through which moft of the (hips pafs that are bound to Amfter- dam, Lon. 4. S5. E. lat. 53. la. N. Tbyn, a town of Germany, in Bohemia, belonging to the archbi(hop of Prague } 50 miles S. W. of that city. Lon. 13. o. S. lat. 49. 38. N. Tz2Aa, an ancient and confiderabie town, of Africa, in Baibary, and in the kingdom of Fes, and capital of the province of Cuzi. It is well inhabited, and the Jews carry on a great trade here. It is feated on a fmall river, in a fertile plain, 45 miles E. of Fez ; there is a mofque here larger than that of Fez, being half a mile in cir- cumference. Len. 7. 55. W. lat. 33. 40. N. * Tezcocoi, a town of N. America, in New-Spain, feated on the lake of Mexico, 1 5 miles from the city of that name. It is an inconfiderable place, though the capital of a large government. Here it was that Cortez caUfed a canal to be dog, where he built 18 brigantines, which he wanted to carry on the fiege of Mexico. Lon. 101. 25. W. lat. so. S5. N. * Tbc^la, a very ancient town of Afri- ca, in Barbary, and in the kingdom of Tre- mecen, with a fmall caftle, (Irong by fitua- tion. It is feated on a large plain, abound- ing in wheat and barley j i; miles from Oran. Lon. o. 25. E. lat. 35. 15. N. Tezotk, a town of Africa, in the king- dom of Fez, and in the province of Caret | feated T H A featei at the point of a rock, 8 miles from ^ Mecila. Lon. i . 5 ;. >V. lat. 44. 40. N. • Thabor, a ftrong town of Germany, in Bohemia, on the great road from Bud weisto Praf>ue, and in thecticle of Bechin ; built by Zifka, a general of the Huintes, in 1419. It ()ands on a mountain of the fame name, is fuirounded with wails, and of difliculc accefs; It is 25 miles N, £. of Budweis, and 50 S. E. of Prague. Lon. 15. 10. E. lat. 49. zz. N. Thames, a iar>;e navigable river of Tng- land, which nfcii in Coifwould-hills inGlou- ce(\ei (hire, and receives a great many fmalle: iireams in irs pafTage, before it falls into the britifh Channel. It is chiefly compofed of the Thame and the Ifis, which lafl is much tlie lar^efl, and hears that namt.' till they ur\ite their rtreams. It becomes navi- gable at Lechladc, from wlience it runs N. t. to Oxioid, where it receives tlie Char well : thence it runs S. £. to Ahington, and fo to DorchcUer, where it receives the Thame : from thence ii pafles by Walling- ford to Reading; after wiiich it vifits Mar- low and Wincifor, and continuing its tourfe, wafltes Brentford and Richmond, and fo to London ; then it proceeds to the fea, taking in the river Mcdway, near the mouth of it The Thame rifes near Tring in Henford- (hire, crofTes Buckinghamfliire, and falh into the Ifis at Dorchefter. • Th ANDISTONjOtherwiftf Fr anckon, a village in Suffolk, viri.h one fair, on July 51^ for (heep and toys. •'' Thanet, an ifland of the county of Kent, furrounded by the fea, except on the N. E. fide, where it is bounded by the branches of the liver Stour, nowinconfider- able to what they were foimerly. It con- tains feveral villages, and the fea-port towns of Margate and Ramfgate. It has the title of an earldom. • Thaso, an ifland of the Archipelago, ©n the coafl of Jamboli, a province of Ma- cedonia, at the entrance of the gulph of Conteffa. It is 11 miles in length, and S in breadch, and abounds in all the necefla- ries of life. The fiuirs and wipe are very dehcate ; and there ate mines of gc'J and filver, befides quatries of very fine' marble. The chief town is of the fame nan-e, and has a harbour frequented by mtiLhants. Lon. *4. (^5. E. Jat. 40. 53. N. • Th a v» r ton, a vilagti in Devonfliirt, vvith one fair, on Monday after July 7, for cattle. THAXTBD.a town of EfTex. with a mar- ket on Ftidays j and two fairs, on May 27, and Augufl lo, for horfes. It is a lar^e mayor -to 'ft ft. aoanies N.W. o(Chtlr»-sforc*, THE and 4% N. E. of London, Lon. 0. iS. B. lat. 52. o. N. *Thebaid, a largecruntry of Africa, in Upper Ei^ypt, reaching from Fium to th» Red. Sea. It is the leafl fertile-, and the thinntlt of people of any province in Eg\ pt, beiffg full of defarfs, and celebrated for the retreat of a great number of Chiidians, who lived here in a folitaty manner. It is now inhabited by Arabs, great enemies to tlie Tuiks, and t' ieves by profefTion. • Thebes, tie ancient name of a city of Upper Egypt in Af ica, now called Luxor, and was celebrated for having 100 gaes. In the war-time it had 10,000 chario s, and along the fide of the river between Memphis and i'hcbes, were one hundred flables, each of which could conrain two hundred horfes. There aie now a great many magnificent remain!) of the ancient city, which fome travellers have been fo curious as to defcribe Thebes, now called Thive, an anci> ent and celebrated town of Greece, in I.i- vadia, with a bifhop's fee. It is nothing now to what it was formerly, and yet it is 4 miles in citcum'erence, but fo full of ruins, that there are not above 40CO Turks and Chriflians in it. It is now famous for a fine fort of white clay, of which ihey niakt bowls for pipes after ilie Turkifh fadiion. They are never butnt, but t'ry natuially, and become as hard as a Aone. There arc two mofques in Thebes, and a great man/ Gvetk chuichts. It is Icated between two fmall riveis, 75 miles N W. of Athens, and z8o S. W. of Conllantinople. Lon. 24. 5. E. lat. (j8. 22. N. • Thkrmia, an ifland of the Archipe- lago, and one of the Cyciades, to the S. of the ifiand of Zia, and to the N. of Setfanto, near the gulp!) of Engia ; 1 2 milc-s in length, and 5 in breadth. The foil is good and well cultivated, and they have a great deal of filk. I'a tridgci are in fuch plenty, ihac they may be ha J rilmoft for nothing. The prmcipal tdwn is of the fame name, and is (he retiderce of a Greek billlttp, Lon. 24. 56. t. lat. 37. 25 N. Ther MiP Y I .«, an ancient pafs, lead- ing from Achaia to ThtlFaly, n^ w in £u« ropean Turkey . It is ematkable forth* glotit'us Hand made by Leonidas, aLacrdap» monian king, wl.o, wh!i 400 men, v^itb- rtcod a ioimidable aimy of Xeixe» ; hut the fonner at length weieall cut to pieces. Thessai. Y. SeejAhNA. TmsTFosn, a town in Noifollc. with a market on Saturdays ; and threefai'8, on May 14, Augufl 2, and September 25, for cheefe, ca;tle, and toys. It is an ancient town, anital of a bai- liwick. It was ceded to France by the treaty of the Pyrenees, and is advantage- oufly feated on the river Mofelle, over which there it a bridge defended by a horn- work, 10 miles N. of Metz, and 19s N. E. of Pa- ris. Lon. 6. 15. £. lat. 49. zi. N. • Thirenstetn, a town of Germany, in Lower AuOria, feated near the river Da- nube, wi.h 3 handfome caftle. Thjrsk, or Thrusk, a town in the N. Ridingof Yoik(hire, with a mai ket on Mon- days ; and five fairs,. on Shrove- Monday, April 5, Augu(\ 4, and 5, Oi5lober 28, and 29, and December 14, for horned cattle, hoifcs, fhecp, and leather. It is a fmall 'place, formerly noted for its flrong caAl*, and it now fends two nrtcmbers to parlia- ment. It is 20 miles N. W. of York, and 199 N. by W. of London, Lon. i. S. W. lat. 54. 12. N. * Thoissei, a confiderable town of Fran>~e, in the principality of Dombes, witli a handfome college; feated in a fertile conn- try, near the rivrts Saone andChaUrone, 6 T H O miles Hi from Trevoux, and soo S. C. of Paris. Lon. 4. 4S. E. lat. 46. 8. N. * Thoma, San, an ifland of Africa, ly- ing under the equator, and in 8 deg. of E. longitude. It was difcovered in 1499, and belopgs to tha Portuguefe. It is almoft round, and is about 30 miles in diameter. The foil is fertile, and produces plenty of fuitar-canes. On the fame vine there are bloHums, green and ripe grapes, aH the year round. It is a very unwholefoma country,' great numbers of the Portuguefe dying, and few living to a great age. Ic confills chiefly of hills, intermixed wi({) vall«ys, wliich are eonflantly filled with a thick Itinking fog. However, it agrees very well with the cattle, which aie larger and finer here than on the Oold Coafl of Guinea. Thomas, St. a town of Afu, in the peninfula on this fida the Ganges, and on the coail of Goromandel, with an arehbi- <}ir>p*s fee, and fubjeA to the Portuguefe. It is 3 miles S. ot Fort St. George. Lon. 80. o. E. lat. 13. o. N. Thoimas, St. a town of S. America, in Guiana, feated on the river Oroonoko, and fubjedl to Spain. It was. attacked by Sir Walter Raleigh, when he went in fearchof a gold mine, 'or which he afterwards lofl his head. Lon. 62. 30. £. lat. 7. o. N. Thomas, St. an ifland of N. America^ to the E. of Porto Rico, with a harbour, a town, and a fort. It is 15 miles in circum- ference, and belongs to the Danes and Bran- denburghers. Lon. 65. 5. W. lat. 18. 30. N. Thomono, a county of Ireland. See Clare. Thonon, a handfome town of Savoy, and capital of Chablais. It contains a very handfome palace, and feveial convents of men and women. The inhabitants were formerly Proteflants ; but coming under the government of the duke of Savoy in 1598, 'hat religion was extinguifhed. It is feated on the lake of Geneva, at the mouth of the liver Drama, 20 miles N. E. of Ge- neva, and 12 vS. W. of Laufan. Lon. 6. 33. E lat. ^6. 22. N. Thokn, a town of Poland, in Regal PrufTia, and in the palatinate of Culm. It was formerly an hanfiatic town, and (iill enjoys great privileges } is large and well fortified ; but part uf the fortifications, and a great number of houfes, were ruined by the Swedes in 1703. There happened a great tumult here in r724, between the Ro- man Catholics and Proteftants,'on account of the fludents of the Jefuits } upon which the Poles fent judges here to try the magi- ftrates for not fupreffing the riot, wh* condsmncd T H U condemned two of the principal ma^iftratei to be beheaded, and feven of the citizeni ; after which the Papifls feiztd on the church of St. John. The Protcftants have a hand fome college here. It it featedon the river VirtuJa, over which there is a remarkable bridge. 8$ miles S. by £. of Danzick, 15 S. of Culm, and 97 N. W. of Watfaw. Lon. 19. aa. E. lat. 51. 56. N. • Thorn, a village in the N. Ridini; of Vorkfliire, to the S. of Richmond, wiih two fairs, on June 17, and OAober 17, for horfes and pedlait ware. Thornbur Y, a townofGlouceflerfhire, with a market on Saturdays, and three fairs, on Eafler-Monday, Auguft 1 5, and Monday before December a 1, for cattle and hogs. It is feated near the river Severn, and it a mayor-town, 14 miles S. W. of Gloucerter, and 105 W. of London. Lon. 2. ji. W. lat. 51. 35. N. • Thorn CO MX, a village in Devonfhire, with one fair, on Eafter-Tuefday, for all forts of cattle and pedlars ware. • Thorne Y, in the ifle of Ely, a village of Cambridgefliire, with two fairs, on July I, and September xi, for horfes. It is 4 miles £. of Ely, • Thorp, a village in Surry, near Eg- bam, with one fair, on June 9, for pedlars ware. ,;. ■ Thooais,* confiderable town of France, in Poitou, with the title of a duchy, and a handfome cadle i feated on a hill by the li- v£rThoue, 3% miles S. W. of Anglers, and i6i S. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 17. W. lat. 46. 59. N. • Thr/pston, a town in Northamp- lonfhire, feated on the river Ntn, over which there is a handfome bridge. It is but a fmall place, but it has a market on Tuef days, and one fair, on Auguf) 5, for ped- lars ware. It is 7 miles N. of Higham- Ferrcrs, and 64 N. N. W. of London. Lon. «. 15. W. lat. jx. 23. N. • Thrke-Lords, a place in Carmar- thenfliire, in S. Wales, with two fairs, on Holy-Thurfday,and in November, for cattle, Ihecp, and pedlars ware. Thuin, a town of the Netherlands, in the bifhoprick of Liege, feated on the river Sambre, 5 miles S. W. of Charleroy, and i ; S. E. of Mons. Lgn. 4. 19. C. lac. 50. iS. N. • Thun, a handfome town of Swiffer- land, in the canton of Bern, with a caflle, where the avoyar relides. This is the place where they embark on the river Aar, to go to Bern, which is 10 miles from it. it is pretty large, and is feated on a lake of the ^e OMne, partly in a fnwtU ^nd, and T I D partly on a hill, Lon. 7. 47. E. lat. 46. 45 N. * TiiuRG/tw, a bailiwick of SwifTcr- land, which lies alon.j the river Thur j^ bounded on the E. and N. fey the lake, I town, and bifhoprick of ConAancc; on th« S. by the ten itory of the abbot oi St. Gaul ; and on the W. by the canton of Zurich. It is (he largell bailiwick in Swifferland, and the moft pleafant, rich, and fertilo country in this republic, being extremely populous. The fovereignry belongs .0 th« eight ancient cantons, who fend a bailiiT here in their turns. Thuk INC. I A, a province of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, with the title ef a landgravate. It is bounded on the N. by the duchy of Brunfwjck, and the principa- lity of Anhalt; on tlie E. by Mlfnia ; ort the S. by Franconia j and on tl'e W. by HtBti, It is about 7^ miles in length, ^nd as much in breadth ; fertile in corn, fruit% abounding in wood, and watered by feveral rivers. Ic belongs to the duke of Saxony, the elcflor of Mentz, and feveral other petty fovereigns Ert'ord is the capital town . Thurso, a fea-port town of Scotland, in Cathnefs, fea'cd on t!>e fea-fide, 15 miles S. W. of Dungfby-head. Lon. 3. iz. W. lat. sg. o. N. • Thwa IT, a village in Suffolk, with % fairs, on June 30, and November 15, for catle and toys. • Tiako, an ancient town of Italy, in the kingdom of Na^^les, in the Terra di La- voro, with a famous convent of nuns. Near it is a mineral fpring, faid to be excellent for the Aone. It is 15 miles N. W. of Capua. Lon. 14. S. E. lat. 41. 34. N. Tiber, a great river of Italy, which rife* in the Appennine mountains, and in the Florentino. It pafTes into the territory of the Church, warties Borgo, St. Sepulchro, Chitta-di-Caftello, Orto, and Rome, 10 miles from which it f.^iIs into the Mediterra- nean Sea, between Oftia and Porto, Ti- vcre is its modern name. TicKHiLL, a town in the W. Riding of Vorklhire, with a market on Saturdays, but no fairs. It had a caftle and fortifications, which were demoliOied in the late civil wart, oC which fome ruins remain. It has a dif' t\n& liberty, called the honour of Tickhiil, which is part of the duchy of Lancafter, It is 5 miles S. of Doncaiter, and 14 9 N. by W. of London. Lon. i. 5. W. lat. 53* 28. N. TiDEswEi.L,a town of Derby (hire, with a market on Mondays, and three fairs, on May 3, fiif* Wednefday in September, an< OAobtr 1 8, for cattle and fticep. Its fitua- £ e e 6 a tio« H ■ „ " r ■■?| '-IT I ti M An 't TIL lion ii low, and ii (o called from « well thit iri (,iid to ebb and flaw. Il is but an ordi nary place, but it Ims a hardfome church and a free fcl^ool. It it 12 miles N. W. ol Deiby, and 147 N. N. W. of London. Lon. I. 40. W, lat. 5v 16. N. TiDOB, an idand of Afia, in the E. In- dian Stfa, and one of the Moluccas, to ttic E. of the ifland o( Gilolo, to the S. 01 Ter- nate, and to the N. of Mo ir. It is 17 miles in circumference, and the air is more whole fom« her* than at Terna'c. Ic is noted for producing cloves 5 and the Dutch have ftvff- ral forts in this idand, and aremartersof it, tlfbui^h it has a kio< of its own. The woods and the rocks tltat fur'ound ir, tender it a place of defence. Lon. 126. 25. E. lat. o. 30. N. • Tist. a rtrong town of the Nether land), in Dutch Guelde'land, in Lower Betau. The river Wahl wafhes it on one fide, and on the other it is furroiinded with morafles. It is az miles W. of Nime guen, and 23 N. E. of Bois-le-duc. Lcn. 4. 49. E.lat. 51. 57. N. • TiiNciN, a large and handfome town of Afia, in China, and in the province ol Pekin, with a large forirefs, and a harbour, where they carry on a gieat traHe. It is feated on an arm of the fea callevhich isiemarkable for its manufadiures ol cloths and fluffs.] • TiLLEMONT, or TiRLKMONT, 8 village of the Aui^rian Netherlands, in Bra bant, and in the quarter of Louvain. It was formerly one of the mort confidsrabte places in Brabant, but has been ruined by the wars. It is feated on the river Ceer, oyer which there are feveral bndges, jc milei S. E. of LouvAin, and 25 S. £. of Bruf TIN rds. Lon. 4. 5S. E. lat. 50 49. V. • TiMANA, a town of S. America, in Popayan, and capital of a lefriiory of the fame name, which abounds in fruits and p»nures. It is feated on a fmall river, which falls in-o Caketa, 1 00 miles from Po- payan, and ] ;o from &anto-fe-de-Bogote. Lon. 71. 5, W, lat. i. 25. N. Timor, a town of AAa, in the E. In- dian Sea, to the S. of the Moluccas, and lo the E, of the ifland of Java, being i 50 miles in length, and 37 in breadth. It abounds in fandil wood, wax, and honey; and the Dutch have a fort here. The inhabitants aie pagans, and are little be'ter than fa- vages } and fome pretend they had not the ufc of fire many years a(;o. Tin A, a town of Turkey, in Europe, and in Bofnia. It is feated on the river Ti», en the confines of Croatia and Dalmatia, 37 miles N. W. of Spalatro, and 30 N. E. of Sebi:nico. Lon. 17. 13. E.lat. 44-28. W. Tina, anciently Tin 01, is an idnnd of the Archipelago, and one of the Cyclades, to the S. of St. Andro, to the N. of Mi- cone, and to the VV. of Nicaria j 17 miles in lengih, and 8 in bieadth. The riches of thiii tiland confill in fi'k of which they have 16,000 pounds every year; and the filk itockings they m^kv with it are very good; butnoihingcan compareto the gloves which ate knit here for the ladies. Ti e fortrefs of Tinos Aands on a rock, and the adjacent town contains about 5C0 houfes ; the pro- veditor's palace is very poor, and the Jefuitt church is too little to contain their audi- ence. Theie is a bifhop'i fte of the Latin chuich, though the Greeks have 200 papas or priefls. it belongs to the Venetians, who ha>e no regular troops here, but they can raifc above 5000 men. St. Nicolo is the principal town. Lon. 25. 45. £. lat. 37. 3a N. Tine, a river of England, which rifes in the borders of Scotland, and is called North Tine. There is another which tiles on the confines of Cumberland, and is call- ed S >uth Tine. Thefe unite their ftreams at Hexham ; and continuing their courfc eaftward, divide the counties of Durham and No'tluimherland, and nadiir^g on to Newcallle, ialls into the C «rni3:t ocean at Tirmcuth. * TiNGTOESis, a people of Afia, in the erripire of Rufila, and in Siberia. They in- habit the banks of the river Jenifea, to the E. of the Samoides, and to the S. of the N. Sea. They are faid to be a good fort of people, but very little known. r I N I A N, an idand lying in theE. Indian Oetan, and one of the Marians. It wan vi- fued TIN <|f«(! by commodore Anron In hi» cnilfe to. wards Manilla, one of the Philippines. It M about IS miles in lengthy and 6 in breadth, «jd the foil is every where dry and healthy I and being withal fomewh^t fandy, it is thereby tlie lefs dii'pofeil to rank and over-luxuriant vegetation. Hence the meadows, and tl'e bottoms of the woods, are neater and fm^other than is ufual in Jhere hot climates. The land ri'^es in gentle flopcii from the fhore to the middle of the ifland, intermixed with valleys of an eafy tfefcent ; and they ate beautifully diverfifi'.d with the mutual encroachments of the woo s and lawns. The wooHs confut of tall and well-fpread trees, anri the lawns are co yered with a clean uniform turf, producing fine trefoil, and variety of flowers. There are at leafl 10,000 cattle here, that are all milk white, except their ears, which are brown or black. There are alfo a vaft number of fowls, which are eafily catched, and the fle(h of both are exceeding good, t>eride8 plenty of wild hot;s, whofe fleHi is delicate food. In the woids are prodigious quantities of cncoanuts, with cabbages {{rowing on the fame tree, as alfo guavoes, limes, fweet and four oranges, and a kind of fruit pe.uliar to tliefe iflands, called rlii- mayi and by the Englifh b ead fruit, which the Tailors prefer greatly 10 the (hip'h bread. }t grows on all parts of the branches, is more longifh than round, being covered witii a-rough rind. It is about 7 or 8 inches long, and is fitted for pfe when full ground, but not quite ripe. There are alfo vegetables proper for the fcurvy j fuch as water me- lon, dandylion, creeping purHiin, mint, fcurvy-grafs, and forrel. There are now no inhabitants, but there were 30000, who were taken away by the Spaniards toother iilands, and particulaily Guam. There are many ruins of a pai titular kind, confifting of two rows of fqua>e pyramidal pillais, each pillar being about fix feet from the next, and the diftance between the rows is la feet; on the top of each there is a femi- globe, with a flat furface upwards, and they are compofed of fand and flone cemented to- gether. Add to thefe advantages, that th^ climate is extremely healthful, for the rains are not continual, but fall in frequent re- frefhing fbowers. There are no ftrsams, but the water of the wells and fprings is ex tremely good. The principal inconvenience arifes from the number of mofki'oes, and other kinds of flies ; and there a'c likewife Infeif)s called ticks, which fallen upon the limbs and bodies of men, and.bury their heads under their (kins ; but the worft of 9II is, that the ccad is inconvet,^;nt, sod I T I R in flme fcafons there is little fecurlty for • Hiip at anchor. Lon. 144. 15, £. lat. I5« 8. N. Ttnmouth, a Tea port town of North. umhcrland, feated nt the mouth of the rl- ver Tine, 9 miles E. of Newcaftle. It has a callle fesre I on a very high rf^ck inaccef- fible on the fea-fide, and well mounted with cDnnon. There is a h^r acrofs the mouth of the river, which is not above feven feet deep at low water. Ttierc arc alfo dangerous rocks nbout i', called the Black Middins j but to guide the fliips by nii^ht, there are light- houfes fet up, and maimained by the Tri- nity-houfe. Here flips take in their load- ing of coals, .ind other things which are brought from Newcaftle. Lon. 1. o. W. lat. i;5. o N. * TinzvLit, a large and flrong town of Africa, in Garbary, and in Biledulgcrid, and province of Dras. It is feated on' tho liver Dra«, and has a flrong fort. Lon. 5^ 35. W. lat. ay. 30. N. * TiNjEDA, a town of Afpci, in Barr bary, in Biledulgcrid, and province of Dras, feated on a river of the fame name, feitile in dares, corn, and barley, and abounding in indigo. Lon. 5. 55. W. lat. e6. 55. N. TippERARv, a county of Ireland, in the province of Munrter, 60 miles in length, and 40 In breadth ; bounded on the N. by rhe King's Ccunty ; on tl'e E. by the Queen's County and Kilkenny ; on the S. by Waterfoid J and on the W. by Galway, Clare, and Limerick. The fouth parts are exceeding feitile, and well furniihed with good buildings j but the north inclinable to be barren, and terminates in a low of 12 mountains, the hielxHi in Irelaitd, and calltd l-'heltm dhc-Madina. It coatains 15,998 houfes, 1/17 P'rirties, lo baronies, 3 boroughs, and fends 8 members to parlia- ment. The river Shure runs through ail the length of it from N. to S. The moft corfiderable places are Cafhel and Carrick. TiPRA, a kingdom of A(!a, in tht do« mjnions of the king of Ava, lying under the tropic of Cancer. It is to the E. of the do- minions of the Great Mogud j but we have very little knowledge either of the couotrj or the inhabitants. * TiRAvo, a handfome and populcu; town of the country of the Grifoni ; near it is a magnificent church, to which they go in pilgrimage from all parts } and every year there is a well frequented fair. It i| feated on the river Adda, 17 miles S. W. of Bormio. Lon. 9. 50. E. lat. 46. 18. ff. TiKLBMONT. See Tillsmont. * TiRNAV, a ftrong, handfome, an4 confideraUe town in Uppei; Hurgary, ii| thji TIT the (•unty of Ntitr«, and on th« frontier* of Pofen. It is » large well lortiAeti place, and featedon the river Tirna, 5 milei W. ot Leopoldfladt, and ti N. £. of Frefburg. Lon. 18. 15. E. tat. 48. 36. N. TiBOL, a county of Germany, in the circle of AuArts, and part of the hereditary dominions of that houfe. It it 1 50 miles in length, and iso in breadth. There are a gre.it many mountains in this country, and yet it produces as much corn and wine at the inhabitants have occafion fur. They have rich mines of gold, filver, and copper, and it contains 28 ci'ies and large towns, two bifhoprscks,4.8 convents, i23ochurches, 355 saflles, and 100,000 inhabitants. Tliey never enter into foreign armies, and their i^ulitia conftfts of a body of fome thouf;ind men ; but they can raife zo,ooo, when oc- cafion requires. They never change the fa- fhion of their garments, and are an induflri. 00s fort of people, but very obftinate. There is better hunting of (hamoy-goatii here than in any other country } but this <}iverfion is fomewhat dangerous, on ac- count of the rocks which they take to This country is divided into four parts. Ti- rol, properly (o called, the biflioprick of Trent, the bifhoprick of Brixen, and four of the provinces of Suabia, which are united to the Tirol. It is bounded on the N. by Bavaria } on the E. by Carinihia and the archbifhoprick of Saltzburg ; on the S. by part of the territory of Venice, and Tren- rino ; and on the W. by SwiHerland and tbe coantry of tbe d ifons. Infpruck is the capital town. * Titan, or Cabaros, an iOand of France, on the coaft of Provence, and the mofl eaficrn of the Hieres. * TiT»CACA, an ifland of S. America, in Peru, and in the audience of Los Char- 4a$. It lies in a lake of the fame name, which is one of the largeft in S. America, * TiTMONiNo, a town of Germany, in the archbiihoprick of Saltzburg, and on the confineB of Bavaria, fe;ated on the river ^altza. It was almoft rendered defclate by ilie plague in 13 10, and it was reduced to afnc.^ by liglitning io 157 1 j but it has been rnce rebuilt. * TiPTtnY-PtACi, a village in EfTex, tv'ith one fair, on July 25, for horfes and toys. •TiTCHFii:tP,a village in Hampfhire, 6 miles £• of Southampton, with four fairs, OR Saturdiy foitnight before Lady-day, and May 14, for toys; on September 15, for Mring fervants ; and on Saturday fortnight li^fore December ai, fbr toys. T'Tvt> a ftrorg town of Upper Hun- T j: A gary, in the county of Bodrog. It is a for- tiiird place, and it is fented on the riv«r Teifle near its confluence with the Danube, so miles £. of Pettrwardin, and ao N. W. of Bclgiadc. Lon. ao. 45. £, lat. 45, t6. N. TiviRTON, a town of Devonfhire, with a market on Tuefdays, and two fairs, on Tuefday foitnight after Whitfunday, an4 OAober 10, for cattle. It is feated on the river Ex, over which there is a handfome (lone bridge} it is a corporation, and fends two members to parliament. It has futfered greatly by fare, having bvtn almoft burnt down feveral times } particularly in June 1713, when zoo of the btA houfes were deftroyed i however, it is now built in a more elegant tafte, and they have a new chuich ercdlcd by fubf^ription. It has been noted for its great woollen manufac- ture, and is 14 miles N. N E. of Exeter, and 165 W. by S. of London. Lon. 3. 40. W. lat. 51. O.N. TivioT, or Chiviot Moumtains, are high hills which lie on the borders of England andSco'lanri, where there has been many (harp battles between the Englifhand Scots. • TiviOTnAtE, a county of Scotland; bounded on the £. by Mers, and part of Northumberland j on the W. by Liddifdale j on the N. by the (hire ci Selkirk ; and 00 the S. by Northumberland. It derives iti name from the river Tiviot that runs thro* it ; and is fruitful in corn and paAures, and abounds in flocks of fheep. Jcdburg is the principal town. TiiM>Li,an ancient and celebrated towa of Italy, in the territory of the pope, and in ihe Campagna of Rome, with a bifhop's fee. There are feveral remains of antiquity, and a handfome palace built by the cardinal of Eil J befides feveial more. It is well know.n on account of the river Tev^rone, on which there is a fine cafcade. There are alfo a great number of fine gardens and handfome fountains. Near it alfo is a lake called Lago di Solfa-ara, in which there are 16 floating iflands. It is feated on a moun- rain in a rountry abounding in excellent wine, fruits, corn, and all the nectfTaries of life. It is 1 7 miles N. £. of Rome, and 10N. E. of.Frefcati. Lon. it. 53. £. lat. 41. 57. N, * Tlascala; a confiderable town of N. America, in New Spain, and capital of a province of the fame name, which makes part of the audience of Mexico. The in- habitants are the4:)ative Americans and Spa* niards } but it is now not fo confiderable as it was forqietly, tho* it is the refidence of aa T O C an akftdt-major. It is feated on $ rtver, partly on a mountain, and partly on a plain, 6a mile* S. E. of Mexico. Lon. 105. 5. W. lat. 19. 40. N. Tlabcala, a province of N. Amarica, in N. Spain, whicli extends from tlic North to the houth Sea. I; is bounded on the N. by the Gul[.h of Mexico •, on the S. by the province of Guax^ca, and by the South Sea } and on the W. by the government of Mexico. In tl>e weftern parts ol this pro- vince is the mountain of Tiafcala, la miles in circumference. It 'is well peopled and cultivated, except on the top, which is al- ways covered with fnow. There are alfo other mountains covered with trees, where- in are tygers and monkeys; but no lions, as fome geographers falfly, pretend. The principal town is of the fame name. Tobolsk I, a confideiable town of the Ruffian empire, and capital of Siberia. It is feated on a high hill, of va(\ extent, at the bottom of which the river Irtis runs} and is inhabited by Mahometan Tartars, and Bochars, who drive a great trade on (hat river, and carry their goods to China. There is a large ftone building here with high watch towers, which may paf« for for- tifications ; but the houfes are low and mean. Here the river Tobol joins with the Irtis, or IrtiOi, from whence the town has its name. The territory is well peopled with Ruflians and divers other nations. The rivers are well ftccked with fifli ; and a fturgeon of 4.0 pounds may be bought for 5 ftivers. There are great plenty of all farts of wild beaAs and game; fuch as elks, Aaf;B, deer, hares, pheafants, partridges, fwans, wild geefe, ducks, and dorks. There is always a ftrong garrifon by order of the government ; and there are feveral thoufand Tartars who ferve on hoifeback upon occa- fions. The Tartars that live round this city for feveral miles are all Mahometans, but their mufii is an Arabian. There are alfo a great numbtr of Calmuck Tartars, who ferve as flaves. The Ruffians com monly fend their ftate-prifoners hither. T is 800 miles E. of Mofcow, and louo E. of Peterfburg. Lon. 67. iS. E. lat. 57. 30. N. Toe AT, a large and handfome town of Tuiky, in Ada, and in Natolia, capital of a province of the fame name. The houfes are handfomely built, and for themofl part two Aories high. It makes a very odd ap- pearance, and is in theform of an amphithe- atre. There are two rugc>ed perpendicular rocks of marble, with an old caAle upon •ach. The Areets arc pretty well paved, which is an uncommon thing in thefe T 6 L parts. There are (o many Aieami, that each houfe has a fountain, and yet they weie not able to extinguifh a fiie which happened here about 50 years ago. Ther« are about io,oou Turkifll families, 4000 Aimenian families, and 400 families of Greeks. There are 12 mofques with mina- rets, and a vaft number of chapels. Tli« Armenians have feven chu'ches, and the Greeks ooly one. Bsfldts the filk of this country, they manufadure eijtht or ten loads of tliat of Ferfta, and make it into fewing filk. Their chief trade is in copper velTels, fuch .is kettles, diinking cups, lanihorns, andcandleAicks. They alfo pre- pare a great deal of yellow Turky -leather. Tocat ought to be looked upon as tiie cen- ter of trade in Natolia ; for there caravana corns hither from feveral parts. Its terri- tory abounds in fruit and excellent wine ; and it is 162 miles W. of Eizeruin, 238 N. of Aleppo, and 250 from Conftantinoplc. Lon. 35. 55. E. lai. 39. 35. N. • Toga VM A, a town ot S. America, in Terra Firma, and in the new kingdom of Granada. It is feated on the river Pati, in a country abounding in fruits and fugar- canes. There are hot baths between two cold fprings ; and near it is a volcano, which vomits fire and flames. Lon. 50* 45- W. lat. 4. 8 N. TocKAv, a very ftrong town of Upper Hungary, in the county of Zimpin, with a caltle. The town itfelf is inconfiderable ; but it is greatly noted for its excellent wine. There is but one vineyard that produces it, infomuch that it is fsarce at Vienna itfelf ; tkerefore we mufl not wonder, if there are other wines fold inflead thereof. Some di- ftance from it are large fait works. It It feated at the confluence of the livers Bod- rog, and TeifTe, 75 miles N. W. of Great Waradin, and 90 N. E. of Buda. Lon. «i. 5. £. lat. 48. o. N. • ToKENBuRG, a counfy of Switzer- Und, depending on the abbey of St. Gal. It is in the figure of a leg, and lies among high mountains. It is fertile in corn and fruits, and is divided into the Upper and Lower. • TocKiNTON, a village in Cioucefler- fliire, with two fairs, on May 9, and Sep- tember 6, for oatlle and pedlars ware. Tod I, an ancient town of lt.ily, in tie Pope's territory, and in the diowefe of Spo- leito, with a bifliop's fee. It is feated on a hill, near the river Tiber, zi miles S. of Perufa, and 55 N. of Rome. Len. 14. 27. E. lat. 42. 47. N. ( Toledo, an ancient, handfome, and trading city of Spain> in New Caftile, of which- i T O L ■which tt was formeily t'.e capital. It is ad- vdntagtotiAy feated on the liver Tajo, which fuirounds it on two fides; and on ihe land fide it has an ancient wall built by a Gothic king, and flanked with loo towers. It is feated on a mountain, wlikh tenders the Areeti unevrn, and which aie nanow { but the houfes are fine, and there are a great number of fuperb Hrudlures, bi-lides 17 public fquafet, wheie the mari) on July I, for lh«ip ar d lambs j and on Sep- lembrr it, for bullocks, fheep, and horfei. * ToLLERTON, a village in the N.Rid- ing of York/hire, not (ar from York, with one fair, en AuguM j6, for horned cattle, hon'ct, (heep and checfe, ToLEsouRr., a fea port town of Livo- nia, feated on the Gulph of Finland, 60 miles W. of Narva, anrl fubjeft to Ruffia. Lon. z6. 10. £. lat. 59. 0. N. ToLHuYS, a towR of the United Pio- vincei, in Guelderland, and territory of Bctuve; feated on the Rhine, 8 miles £. of Nime||;uen. Lon. 6. o. E. lat. 47. o. N. ToLM»z7.o, a town of Italy, in the ter- ritory of Venice, and province of Fiiuli, to miles N. £, of Belluno. Lon. 13. o. E. lat. 47. o. N. ToLN A, a town of Lower Hungary, and capital of a county of the fame n&me ; feattd on the river Danube, in a countrv oroctucing excellent wine, 8 miles S. W. 01 Colocza, and 45 S. of Buda. Loo. jg, ao. £. lat. 46. 30. N. ToLosA, a town of Spain, in the pro- vince of Bifcay, and capital of Guipufcoa. It is not large, but is the capital of the pro- vince, and is inhabited by a great number of nitifts, who make fwords- blades, in high cfkem. It is feated in a pleafant valley, between two i-'-rs, Araxes and Oria j over which tiere are two handfome bridges, and near them are feveral natural cafcades. It is 37 miles S. W. of Bayonne, 47 S. E. of Bilboa, and 45 N. W. of Pampeluna. Lon. z. 3. W. lat. 43. la. N. To'.u, a town of S. America, in Terra Firma, and in the government of Cartha- gena ; famous for tlie fine balfam of Tola, brought into Europe from ihence, and pro- duced fiom a ttee like a pine. It is feated on a bay of the N. Sea, 60 miles S. of Car- thapera. Lon. 7a. 55. W. lat. 9. 4c. N. Tom.'. R, a handfome town ot Portup.at, in the province of Eftremadura, on the road from Cr^imbra to Lifbon. It is feated on the river Naboan, in a pleafant plain, at the foot of the mountains, where there is a ca- Ale belonging to the knigl ts of Chrifl, 40 miles S. £. of Coimbra, and 65 N. £. of Lifbon. Lon. 7. 35. £. lat. 39. 30. N. ToMRF.c, a tovn of the Auftrian Ne- therlands, in the province of Brabant, S miles S. of Lcuvain, and ro E. of Bruffeis. Lon, 5. 30. £. Lat. 50. 45. N. * Tor.iBr.jL AIM E, a fmall ifland, with a town of the f«me aaine, 00 the«eali of Nor^ *■ mandy/ t M IMShf^y, in France, lyinp oft a fmall gutph becwcen Avrandie ahd Sr. M^lo. Thii irimd, at well at thjt of St. Michjcl, in ^^llicl^ there i» 4 monartery, are evei/ i»y joined to terra firm.l at low water. ToMiilTo, a kinpdorh jif Africa, in N*e- l^rolanirl, hountfrd on ti e N l>y the king dom rfChinquella and Gi,btr ; en t^e K. by Cafena and Carto j on the S. by C'Mn>t Gjgo, and Iia { and on i»'e W. by the Wng dom of Caflln. The houfes in this coun- try are built like belU, wiili walls cf liur- dies pUiHered wiih clay, and covered will) reeds. They are tlic fame in die city or town of Tombflto, where there is one itately mofque built with Hone, as alfo is t'e loyal palace. Thete ate a great number cf weavers of cotton-cloth j and Iiither the cloth and other merchandizes are brought by caiavans from Barbary. Tie befe- fort of women have their faces covertd, li.eir relif^icn being Mahometanifm. There are many rich merchants J ar.d water is con- veyed to the town by canals wlien the river Niger is overflowed. They have great plenty of corn, cattle, milk, and buiter; but the fait is brought from Tega2a, 500 miles diftant, and is exc«ni>ely dear. The king has 3^0 horfemen, befides a great number of foot, who frequently take cap- tives, and fell therVi to the merchants for llaves. They will not admit any Jews, nor fufTer any to deal with them. Inl\ead of money, they make life of (Itells and fmall bits of gold. Both men and women are Very fond of tfancing, artd expend a great part of the night in that eXeicifc. It is feated near the river Niger. Lon. o. 55. £. lat. 15. 35. N. ToMtBAMBA, a town of S. America, in Peru, in the province of Q^ito, where was a temple of ti.e Sun, whdfe walls, as t^e Spaniards pretend, were covered with gold. It is 160 miles S. ofQuiio< Lon. ^7. o. W. lat. 4. 0. S. • ToNDERXN, or Tunder£n, a town of Denmark, in the duchy of Slefwick, and capital of a bailiwick of the fame name, with a (Irone fort. It is feated on the river Widaw, in a fertile country, and on a bay of the German 0:ean, 15 miles S. £. of Ripen, and 25 N. W. of Slsfwick. Lon. 9. 10. E. lat. 58. 58. N. * ToNCusiANs, a. people who inhabit the eaf!ern parts of Siberia, and are fbbjeA to the Ruflians. They are all pagans, and chiefly fubfift by graflng, and hunting of fables, whofe (kins are very black- They live in huts, compofed of wooden poles j and when they remove their dwellings, they take them down,- and fet tlicm «p elfe* where, they »-• cc \ »1] r^yn wt(% ^air and lubbith, and ilio 11 « f .i* i.> 1"% out the fmoke left at llw 1 p. ^^l^r ' « ismadein themid.ile, anl cyflfallrov J It Upon tons. Both fixes ..re very /Iri-nj and broad faced, anH ihey all lide op lu-rl. b^jck, not txcepiii.g the girls. B'>th mcri and women dre's a ike in a fort tf frnck, with boots of fltin» en their l?g*, and fheir common diink h water. '1 hey have aKw a fort of brandy m-tde of mares milk, and this is iifed moie here t' an cows mnk. TcNCR Es, cr ToNG r.* HIT, a town of Germany, In the bilhopri.k of Liek;e. Ic v> as anciently a very c nfiderable place ; but taken and difm«nile 1 by V.c French in 1 673. It is feated on the river Jtckar, la milet S. W, of Maertrichr, and 15 W. of Liege. • To N.N AY BouTONNi, a town of France, in .Saintonge, feated on the river Boutonhe. Lon. 0. 39. W. lat. 4s. 58. N. • ToNnav Charcmte, an ancient and confiderabie town of France, in Sam- longe, and in the diocefe of Saintes, with a cadle, a B<:nedi£\ine abbey, and the title of a principality. It is feated on the r vet Charente, 3 milei from Rochefoif, and 253 5. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 50. VV. lat. 50. 6. N. • ToNNtfi t, an ancifnt town of Fianre, in Champagne, in the Svnoncis, and capi- tal of a conflrerable county. It is famoui for its good wines, and is feated on the ri- ver Armanzon, 31 milts S. of Troyes, and loa E. of Paris. Lon. 4. 4. E. lat. 49. 5 1. N. ToNNtNtjiN, a town of Denmark, in the duchy of Slefwick, and caplal of a territory of the fame n.ime. It formerly belonged to the duke of HolHtln Gortorp { but being taken by the Danes, in 1707. hey demoliflied the fortifications. It ia feated in a peninfula formed by the river Eyder, where there is a commodious har- bour, a 5 miles S. W. of Slefwick, and 58 N. W. of Hamburg. Lon. 9. 10. E. !at« 54- 3°' N- ToNCLvrf, a kingdom of Alia, in tha EaH Indies, beyond ihe Ganges; bounded on (the N. by the province of Yunnan in China ; on the E. by the province of Can- ton and the bay of Tonquin ; on the S. by Cochin China) and on the W, by the king- dom of Laos. It is about izoo miles in length, and 500 in breadth, and Is one of the flnefl and mofl cor (idei able kingdoms of the Eaft, as well on aciount of the num* ber of inhabitants, as tlie riches it coniaint, and the trade it carries on. The country is thick fet with villages, and the natives in general, are of a middle AAcure and clean . ¥ iii limbed, Si. ' li TON MiabffJ, witti I Mwnly complMioA. Tlicir *aeM arc ovil and flattifl), and ihair nofet and lipi well proportioned. Their hair ii blacli, long, lank, and cearfa { and they lat it hang down thrir fhoulderi. They tfyt their tctth black } being accoontad a great ornamtnt here. They are gmtrally «lexteroua, nimble, aAivc, and ingenious in mcihtnlc arte. They weava a multitude of Ana fliki, and make curioui lacker- worka, which are tranfported to other countriea. There ii fuch a number of peo- ple, that many want employment { for they feldom go lo work but when foreign fliipk arrive. The money and goods brought hi* ther by the Englifh and Dotch put them in ■Aion, fur tKcy have not money of their own fufBcient to employ themrclvei } and therefoie one third at leaA mud be advanced before- hand by the merchants) and t>ie fttipi muft flay here till the goods are finifh- «d, which is generally five or fix months. They are fo addiAcd to gaming, that when every thing etfe is loft, they will ftake t>^eir v/ivea and children. The garments of the Tonquincfe are made cither of Hlk or cot- ton i but the poor people and foldiers wear only cotton of a daik tawney colour. Their huufea are fmati and low, and the walls cither of mud, or hurdles daubed over with clay. They have only a ground floor, with two or three partitions, and each room lias atqu«re hole to let in the light. They have ftools, benches, and chairs, to fic on ; and on the fide of a tab:e is a litt'e altar, vvith two incenfe pots thereon, which no houfe is without. The villages confifl of thirty or forty houfes, furrounded wi'h t ees, and in feme places there ate banks to ki^ep the water from overiowint; their gar- on drink is tea, but they make themfelves merry with arrack. At their great enter- tainments, they give their vifitants arek, folded up in a betel leaf, ditubed over with lime made into mortar j they have another great feaft in May or June, when their firft harve(\ is got in. Their religion is Pagan- ifm, and yet they own a Supreme Being; their idols have human fhapes, but in very different forms. They have likewife fome refembling elephants and horfes, placed in fmall low temples built of timber. There are many priefts belonging to them, who are not allowed the ufe of women, or Arong drink} the language is fpoken very much in the throat, and fome of the woids are pronounced throiagh the teeth, and has a great refumbiancc with the Chinefe. They have fchools of learning, and their charaQers are the fame, or like thofe of China ; and like them they write with a hair pencil. They have feveral mechanic arts or trades, fuch as fmiths, carpenters, fawyers, joiners, turners, weavers, taylors, potters, painters, money-changers, paper-makers, woikersin lacker, and bell-fonnders. Their commodities arc gold, mu(k, filks, callicoes, drugs of many forts, woods for dying, lackered wares, earthen wares, fait, a- nifeeds, and worm feeds. The lackered wjue it Qot infeiier to tb«t of Japan, which ', ' *• TOP TOR it iccountrd the heii in the world. With ' c»ble to that place i but in war time It •II (her« mcidMn^iic^t, one would cX|j«A| wji cliu^iked up dsligncdly, and now vcl- t'le people to be very rich, but ihey aie in felt are ubiidfied to load and unload their geneial very poor, (he chief trade being carried on by the Chinefe, Englifh, and Uutcl). The goods imponed hcftdes fllver, are fait- petre, fulphiar, Engtilh broad cloth, pepper, fpicci, and |[i«at gum. This king- dom IS an abfciluTe monarchy, a .d has iwo kinKi ) but one of them hat no (hare in the government, for the prime minister is ma- iler of all the trr^furesand force* In the kingdom J fo that ih j king is little more than a prif >nerori\jt<>. The one iicalled Boua, and the otiier Choua, who hat always a Aront; guard of foldiert about hit palace, and many large ftables for hit horfes and elephants. The horfemen are but few, and thoftt armed with bows and long lancet, or fpear^ There are always about 30,000 fol liers near his perfon, ready upon all occa- (lons. With regard to his naval force, he has only a fo:t of Hat-bottomed galleys, which arc more for Hate than fervice. The foldiers go all naked, having only a cloth to cover what decency obliges them to hide ; and Tome of them ate employed in keeping watch and ward, there being a ftrong watch in every ftreet. They have no courts of judicature ; and therefore warrants aie granted to apprehend malefactors, who are tried by fingle migiftrates. They have va- rious forts of puniHiments, which would take up too much room to defcribe. At their entertainments they have neither forks nor fpoons, but two fmall fticks of the fize of a tobacco pipe. There are feveral eunuchs among them, chiefly about the court ; and they are ready to procure miftrefles for ftrangersj They have a great number of common bawdy-houfet, which are generally accounted hateful and fcandalous. ToNSBERG, a fea-port town of Norway, in the province of Aggerhuys, feated on the Scaggerac Sea, 37 miles S of Anflow, and 30 W. of Fiederickftadt J fubjeft to Den- niark. Lon. 10. 30. E. lat. $9. o. N. * TopcLirr, a town in the N. Riding of Yorklhiie, 14 miles N. of York, on the great northern road, with feveral good inns for the entertainment of travellers. It is three quarters of a mile in length, ani feated on the tiver Swale, upon a confider- able afcent. It has no marker, but it has one fair, on July 'i 7 and 18, for ftiecp, horn- ed cattle, and horfes. TOPIMAMBOES. SeeTAFUYES. TopsHAM, a town of Devonfhire, with a tnatket on Saturdays, but no fairs. It is feated on the river Exmouth, 5 miles S. E. of Cxcter« and fotmeily the river wm n%vi> goods at To^lham. Lon. ]. ^o. W.lat. 50. 37. N. • Tea, a town of Afia, in Arabia Pe- tr«a, ftaied nn I'lc Rrd Se*, with a good harbour defended by a caAle. There it a handfume Cicek convent, in whofc gaidcn are fountams o4 bitter water, wjiiclt ihey pietend are thofe which Mofes rendered fweet, by throwing in a piece of wood. Some think that this town is the ancient Elan«. Lon. 31. 15. E. lat. at. o. N. Tor BAY, a fine bay of the EnghfhChan- nel, on the coad of DiivonOiire, a little to the E. of Dartmouth, formed by two capes, called Bury Points and Bob's Nofe. Ic was here the pnnpe of Oranee landed in No- vember 1688, when he came over from Holland, by the invitation of many piinci* pal perfons, to free them from popery and arbitrary power. ToKBOLE, a town of Italy, in the h\» Hioprick of Trent, 14 miles S. E. of the city of that name. Lon. 10. 10. £• lat. 45. 55. N. ToRCELLA, a fea-port town of Spain, in the province of Catalonia, feated on tli« Mediterranean fea, at the mouth of the ri« ver Ter, 15 miles E. of Gironne. Ipe, in Macedonia, and in the province of ^inna, with a bifhop's fcej feated at the f )ot of Mount Dragoniza, on the river Sa- lempria, 10 .uiles N. W. of Lariff*. Lon. «». Sj.E.lat 39. 53, iiace, and divided into two parts, the O.d . Town, and the New, both furrounded with a (Irong wall, and fevor&f modern fortifica* tions. The caAle is well I'ortified, is in the faKhion of a citadel, and Aands between the two towns. The entrance into this place is over a laiite bridge of boats on the river JBbro, whofe head is fortified. It is adorn* .ed with modern worHs ; and embellilhed with a great number of churches and religi- ous houfes, among which the cathedral jctiurch, the royal college of Dominicans, and the convent of the CarnjeHtes, are the fnofi remarkable. It is feated in a country /eriilc in corn and fruits, and abounding with quarries and mines of filver, iron, alabader, very fine jafper of divers colours, and Aones with veins of gold. They have a great deal of filk and oil, and very fine potters ware, which refernbles porcelain. It is feated partly on a plain, and partly on a hill, 45 miles S. W. of Tarragona, and 185 E. of Madrid. Lon. o. 44. E. lat. 40. S3 N. ToRTVGA, an iflandef America, pretty large and uninhabited. The £. end is full ef bare rugged broken rocks, which ftretch a little way out to fea ; at the end is a large fait pQnd, where the fait begins to kern in April. There have been ao fail of fhippiog here at a time for fait. At the W. end is ^ fmall harbour with frelh water ; and It is full of low trees. There are a few goais on }t; and (he turtles or tortoifes come upon the fandy bays to lay their eggs, from whence this ifland has its name. They are of divers colours, as blackiAi, dark brown, light brown, dark green, light green, yel- low, and fpecKled. This ifland was for- merly much frequented by ihcf buccaneers. Jt lies near the coaft of Terra Fit ma, 40 miles W. of (he ifland of Margaretta, and is about 30 miles in circt)n)fereoce. Lon. 66. 5. W. lat. II. o.^. ToBTucA, an ifland of America, near |he N. coaft of the ifland of Hifpaoiola, ,wberf the French bu^caneeri Mfed to fortify T O U themfelves, being countenanced and fuj»« ported by the government of France. It is about 80 miles in ciicumference, and has a very fate harbour, but difficult of accefs* Lon. 73. o. W. lat. 20. 0. N, T06A, a fea poit town of Spain, in tho province of Catalonia. It is a fmail pl.ice, but extremely ftrong, feated at the bo'fom of a bay, which makes a good haronur, and where vcirels are fhelteied from all winds except the S. W. It is built partly on < plain, and partly on a flcep hill, wtnch ad-> vances into the fea. On the top of the hill nearer the fea, is a Arong citadel, wirli other works. It is 37 miles N. E. of fiarqc- lona. Lon. a. 36. E. lat. 41. 3^. N. ToscANBLtA, a town of Italy, in the territory of the Pope, and duchy of Callio, 35 miles N. of Rome. Lon. 12, 45. E. lat. 52. 15. N. ToTKus, a town of Devonfhire, with a market on Saturdays, and four fairs, on Eafter-Tuefday, May 1, July 15, and Oc- tober a8, for hotfcs, flieej), and Itorned cat- tle. It if feated on the river Dart, on the defcent of a l;ill, and was formerly forti- fied with a caAle. It conHfls cliiefiy of one broad paved flreet, and fends two member* to parliament. It is governed by a mayor, 18 aldermen, and a recoider ; has 1 church, about 300 houfes, is about a mi!e long, and ha^a manufactory of ferges. It is zj miles S. W. of Exeter, and 19$ W. by S. of Loa- don. Lon. 4. o. W. lat. 50. 17. N. TouL, a confiderable town of France in Lorrain, and capital of the Toulois, with a bifliop's fee. There are two BenediAine abbeys in the fuburbs, and the cathedral i> a very hsr.dfome flrudture. The bifliop has a feminary here for^ftudents in divinity. It was formtriy an imperial town of Ger- many, till taken by the French in 1551. It is feated on the river Mofelle, in a plain, almoft furrounded with mountains, 10 miles W. of Nancy, and 167 S. £. of Paris. Lon. 5. 59. E. lat. 48. 40. N. Toulon, an ancient, ftrong, rich, and populous town of France, in Provence, with a famous harbour, and a bifliop's fee. It is one of the beft places in Provence, and covered from the north winds ; is the prin* cipal town for naval (lores on the Mediter* ranean Sea, and fortified with (irong walls, defended with baOioni. It has two moles, each of 700 paces in length, which almolt furround the harbour, and leave but a nar- row entrance for the fhips. There arc al- ways men of war here, as well as other fbips ; and there is a very fine quay paved with bricks. Near the arfenal on the fide of the qH'y) *re qnagazines full of naval I Aaiet, . •■'»!l i I :|i T OU ftores. The carhcHrsl church t« rtnurkahle for its high altar, and two fine chapels on each Ada, w!i«re there are feveral fitver ftirincs fct with precious ftoncs. There are fi^vcr.il oiUor chucches and convents, and a (chool foi- ofhctis, wiiere they are tauglit every thinp that regards the land or feafei- vice. The harbour is defertded by feveral forts, and is one of the beft in Europe. It is feated on the Mediterranean Sea, 40 miles S. E. of Aix, 30 S. E. of Marfeilles, and 4.;o S. by E. of Faiis. Lon. 6, %. £. lat. 45. 7. N- Toulouse, a very ancient, and one of the principal cities of France, in Upper Lan^uedoG, and capital of the whole pro* vince, with an archbiOiop'a fee, a famous oniverfrty, a parliament, a mint, and an academy of belles lettres. It is feated on the river Ga-onne, which divides it into two unequal parts, which communicate by a large ftone bridge. It is very large, but is not peopled in proportion to its ex'ent. The ftreets are very handfome, and the walls of the city, as well as the hou'es, are huilt vith bricks. The metropolitan church iiands in a large fquare, adorned with a fountain, It has feveral fine chapels, and the choir is very magnier Kooms are the piflures of all the memorable events in which this place had any concern. It i« a place of fome trade, and is feated at •he end of the canal ®f Languedoc, 37 miles E. of Aufch, 115 S. E. of Bourdeaux, and J75 S. by E. of Paris. Lon. i , 31. E. lat. 41. 36 N. * To u L s H A M, a village in Norfolk, with ere fair, on Eafter-Tuefday, for petty chap* men. • TowBAiNE, a province of France j bounded on the N. by Maine ; on the E, by Orleanois j on the S. by Berri j and on the W. by Arjou and Poitou. The river Loire runs through the middle. It is 58 miles in length, and 55 in breadth, and is watered by feveral rivets, very commodious for trade, and is, in general, fo pleafant and fertile a country, that it is called the Gar* den of France. Tours is the capital town. •TowR-nR Rowssii-toK, a tower in RouHillon, feated on a hill near the river Ter, two mi!e» below Perpignan, T OU • • Toe»-ou-riN', a town of France, in Dauphiny, *o miles E. of Lyons, with the title of a barony. The tower from whence it took its name is now in ruins. TouatNE, a town of Germany, in the bifhoprick of Liege, 13 miles N. B.. of Na- mur. Lon. 5. 5 E lat. 50. 40. N. • Tour LA ViLti, a town of France in Normandy, and in the diocefe of Cou- tancest feparated from Ciierburg by a river. • TouRNAYsis, a country of the Ne- therlands, in French Flanders, lying about the river S:held, on the confines of Hainault. Tournay and St. Amand are the principal places. TovRNAT.a handfomeand confiderable town of the AuArian Netherlands, in Flaii- ders, and capital of the Tournayfis, with a bifhop's fee. It is defended by a ftrong ca- ftle, is a large trading place, with feveral fine manufaOories, and particularly famous for good ftockinps. The cathedral church, and the abbey of St. Martin, are very mag- nificent. It was taken by the allies in 1709, but ceded to the houfe of Auftria by the treaty of Utrecht ; though the Dutch put in a gflrrifon, as being one of the bairier towns. It was taken by the French rti 1745, who demolifhed the fortifications. It is feared on the river Scheld, whith di- vides it in two parts that are united by a bridge, 1 1 miles S. E. of Lifle, 30 S. W. of Ghent, and 135 N. by E. of Paris. Lcn. 3. 28. E. lat. 50. 36. N. • Toe IN COUP B, a town of France in Gafcnny, and in Armagnac, as alfo in Lomagne. TowriNON, a town of France, in the go- vernment of Languedoc, and in the Viva- rait, with a caftle on the top of a mountain, on the fide of which the town is feated, near the river Rhone. The Jefuits have a fa- mous college here, with a very handfome church, and a well furnilhed library. It is 40 miles W. of Grenoble, and 185 S. by E. of Paris. Lon. 4. 50. E. lat. 45. 6. N. * TouRKus, an ancient town of France in Burgundy, and in the Autunois, feated on the river Soine, in a pleafant country, fertile in corn and wi".. Near it is a fa- mous abbey, which has been fecularized and turned into a collegiate church. It is ix miles S. of Chalon, and soa S. by W. of Paris. Loin. 5. o. E. lat. 46. 34: N. TotTRs, an ancient, large, handfome, rich, and confiderable city of France, capi- tal of Touraine, with an archbifhop's fee, a mint, and an illuftrioin chapter, of which tife king is abbot. It is a long place, and advantageoufly feated b e t f ^W thfe rivers Cher and the Loire, and is patticalarlj noted for T R A for a fi!k msuoftdlory. The metropolitan ehurjt) is one of the largeft in the kingdom, and has two lofty towers, with a curious clocki and a library full of manufciipts The ca(\!e of tliis place conliAs of feverai round towers ; in the middle of which is the dunjon, whicit ferves for a piifon. It flands at the end of the bridge over the l.oire, fupporred by 19 arches.- The mall is one of the Icngeil in France, and is on the fide of the new walls. It is 5a miles N. E. of Poitieis, 60 S4 W. of Orleans, and 117 S. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 47. E. iat. 47. 13. N. • TousERA, a town of Africa, in Bar- bary, and capital of Bilrdulgerid ; feated in a country abounding in dates, and depends on the kingdom of Tunis. Loo. 10. 55. £. Iat. js. 30. N. • TowcasTEB, orTocisTiB, a town of Northamptonihire, with a market en TueTdays, and two fairs, on May iz, and Odiober Z9, for all forts of cattle and mer- chandize. It is feated in a valley on a fmall river, and was once very Arongly fortified. It is but a fmall place at prefent, but hat a itandfome church, and is 3a miles S. E. of Coventry, and 60 N. W. of London. Lon. o. 55. W. Iat. 5». 7. N. • TowYN, in Merioneth(hire, in N. Wahs, with one fair, on May 14, forflieep, borned cattle, and horfes. TKACHBNBix6,a town of Germany in Silefia, and on tiie borders of Poland j feaied on the Bartch, iz miles' N. E. of Wolow, and a; N. of Brcflaw. Lou. 16. 55. £. Iat. 51. 36. N. Trafalgar, a cape or promontory of Spain, in Andaluiia, feated at the em ranee of the ftreights of Gibraltar, 30 miles S. of Cadiz. Lon. 9. a;. E, Iat. 36. o. N. • T« AjANAP JLi, a town of Tuikey in Europe, and in Romat.ia, with a Greek archbifhop's fee, though it is very 4*1 all, and thin of peo^Jie. It is feated on the liver Marica, 37 miles S. W. of Adrianople, and iiiNc W. of Conftantinople. Lon. x6. aS.E. Iat. 4T. 15. N. • TaAjETTo, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Terra-di* Lavori, built on the ruins of the ancient Mintuma. TAere sre tlie ruins uf an am- phitheatre, and an aqueduA, aAd it is feated near the mouth of the river Garigliano, on the Mediterranean Sea, a 5 miles N. W. of Capua, and ao S. W. of Veoaftro. Lon. 13.48. E, Iat. 41. 17. N. Train A, a town of Sicily, in (heVal di'Demona, feated on a high mountain, at the fjurce of the river Traina, 17 miles W, «f Muunt Gi|)«.lj and 70 Si W. of MeHina. T R A Lon. 14. -^o. E. lit. 38. 10. PT. Tr A-Los-MoNTEs, a province of Por- tugal, beyond the mountains, with legaid •0 the other provinces of this kirgdom, whence it has its name. Jt is b( wndcd on N. by •le Galicia J" on the W. by Entrc* Douro-e-Minho and Beira } and on the S, by Beira, and a part of the kipgdc-n of Leon. It is fertile in wine and cil^ and abounds in cattle. The river Dcuro divides it into two parts, and Miranda is the capital town. Tranchin, a town of Upper Hungary, and capital of a county cf the fame name. it is a handfome pLice, and is feated on the fiver Waa^, over which there is a bridge of wood. The Jefuits church is a handfonw ftruf^urc, and the caHJe flands fo hij^h that it may be feen at the diHance of near 30 miles. There are two warm baths wiihin a mile of this place, and a great number of mineral fprin^s in the country roundabout. It is 50 miles N. £, ofPreiburg. Lon. 18. 10. E. Iat. 49.0. N. •Tranchin, a country of Upper Kun- gary, between thofeof Preftiurg, Neytracht, Turofc, Arva, Silefia, and Moravia. Tran- chin and LeopolAadt are the principal places. • TaANcoN, an ancient town' of Por- tugal, «n the province of Tia los-Montes, with the title of a duchy, and a hsodfom« caftle, which ferves as well for ornament a* defence. It is feated in a pkafant feiti'.a country, 8 miles from Pinnel. Lon. 6. 33. £. iat. 40. 40, N. Trani, a populous town of I:aly, in the kingdom ol Naples, and in the Terra-di- Bairi, with a Arong caftle, an a chbiibop'a fee, and a harbour. There ate very hand> fome houres,and it is the ufual refidence of the governor of the province } however, it is very mu h decayed fince the haihour has been chocked up with mud. It is feated on ttie gulp!) of Venice, ao miles W of Ba-ri, and 125 N. by £. of Naples. Lon. 16. 36. £. Iat. 41. ig. N. T«ANQ_uFBAR, 3 town of Afi.i, in the peninfuia on this tide tl^e Ganges, and on the coait ofCoromandei, with a fort and a fac- tory, belonging to the Danes, and where they carry on a good trade. It is feated at the mou h of the river Caveri, 80 miles S, of Fort St. George. Lon. 2o. 17. E. Iat, 11. 20. N. T« AN SILVAN t A, a provincc of Europe anncxed'^o Hungaiy, and bounded on the N.by Upper Hungary and Poland ; on the E. by Moldavia and Wala-jhia ; on tlis S. by Walachia ; and on ti e Lower Hungary, It is f vV, by Upper and furrcunded on .ill - s patts 'V T R A ^rtt by high mountains, which however aie not barroi. The inliabitant* have as much corn and wine as tliej wait them- feives, and there are rich mines of gold, til- irer, lead, copper, quicktilver, and alum. It has undergone vaiious revoiurions, but it now belongs to thehoure of Au<\ria. The inhabitants are of feverairoits of religions ) as Fapifls, Lutherans, Calvanids, Soci- nians, Hlietinians, Arians, Greeks, and Ma- hometans. It is about 1 6z miles in length, and 150 in breadth. The adminiftration of affairs is condudied by 12 perfons j namely, three Roman Catholics, thiee Lutherans, three Calvinifts, and three Socinians. The militia is commanded by the governor, whofe commiirion is the more important^ as Tranfilvania is the bulwark of Chiiflen* dom. Jt is divided into feveral fmall di- ilri£ls, called palatinattt, and counties, and » inhabited by thiee diiTsirent nations ; namely, Saxons, Sicilians, and Hungarians. H«rman(\adt is the oaptial town. • Traon, or TaAW, a flrong and po- puTou6 town of th« republic of Venice, in Dalmatia, with a bi.'hop's fee, feated on the gulph of Venice, in a fmall ifland, joined to Terra Firma, by a long bridge of wood, and to the ide of Bua, with another •f ftone. It is not very large, but flrong and populous, and is 1 5 miles E. of Spa- latto, and 17 S< E. of Senebico. Lon. 17. 10. E. iat. 43. 50 N. TxArANi, or TxArANOi a tovn of Italy in Sicily, feated on the W. fide of is in the Vai-di^Mazara, with a harbour and a caftle. Jt is feated in a fmall peniofula, and built in the form of a fickle ; is a trading place, and the harbour defended by a fort. It is famous for its fait«wotks, and its fiflieries of tunnies and coral, and is 25 miles N. £. of Mazara, and 45 S. W. of Palermo. Lon. it. 45. E. lat. 38. 5. N. • TaAPiR, a town of Afia in the Eafl- Indies, and on the coaft of Maiabar, in the kingdom of Concan, between Dama and Bazaini. It is feated on a river, and the in- habitants are very rich. Tkapxconp, See Trcbisonp. • TRAPPt,anabbeycf France in Perche, and in thediocefecfSeez, in a large valley furrounded with mountains. The monks are famous for obferving the rules of their order, and keeping perpetual fiicncs. Ta A a B A c H, a to wn of Germany, in the palatinate of the Lower Rhine, and in the county of Spanheim. feated on tbe river Af ofelle. It is an important place on ac- count of its fortrefs wliich is feated on a mountain, and whofe cannon commands the palfa^c of the Mufelle, and prevent vefleis .. t R E froirt entering^ the Palatinate. It Is i'f itittel N. E. of Treves, or Triers, and ay S. W^ of Coblentz. Lon. 7. 9. E. lat. 59. 55. N^ • TaAVANcoH, a kingdnm of Alia, in the Eafl- Indies, in the peninfula on this fide the Ganges, and oh the coaft of Mala- bar near Cape Comorin. It is bounded on the N. by the dominions of the Samorin } on the E. by the kingdoiA of Madura} and on the S. and W. by the fea. Trave, a river of Germany, in the cir- cle of Lower Saxony, and dochy of Hol-< iUin which runs from W. to E. and paffes by Sedgberg, OldtHoe, Lubeck, and falls into the Baltic Sea at Travemund. Travimuud, a Arong town ofGerma* ny, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and in the duchy of HolAein ; feated at the mouth of the river Trave, on the Baltic Sea, and has a light-houfe for the guidance of (hips, and belongs to the Lubeckers. It is m miles N« E. of Lubeck. Lon. 11. 5. E. lat, 54. S- N. Traw. See Tn a on. • Travnstiin, a town of Cernnany, in Upper Bavaria, feated on the riveC Traun ; rear it are fprings of fait water, and three milasfrom thence there are baths. • Traun, a river of Germany, which rifes \h the archbilhoprick of Saltzburg, and paflTes into Aoftria ; crolTes a lake of th^ fame name, and it receives the Bger, the Aim, and theCrems, after which it falls into the Danube between Lintz and Ma- thaufen. • Travssan, a town of France in Languedoc, and in the diocefe of Nar- bonne. Travcokra, a town of Spain, in the kingdom of Valencia, near the confines of Catalonia, 35 miles S. of Tortofa. Lon. 13.0. E.Iat. 40. 3a' N. • Tribes, a town of France, in Lan- guedoc, and in the diocefe of Carcafonne. • Tribia, a river of Italy, in Lom- bardy, which rifes in the territory of Genoa, walhes Bob:& in the Milanefe, and after- wards falls into the Po a little above Placen- tta. The Romans, commanded by the conful Sempronius, after their defeat by Hannibal, were drowned by fhoals in thia river, which misfortune has rendered it fa- mous. Tribicnt, orTRRBtcNA, a towf n of Turkey in Europe, and in Dalmatia, with a biihop's fee. The inhabitants are partly Turks, and partly Greeks, and there aie fome Papifts. it is feated on the Gul^'^ of Venice, and on the river Trtberfita, lO miles from R^.^ufa, and 60 S. E. of Spalatto, Lon. 18. 27. E. Ut, 4a, 50, N. T R E * 'fitkhisiiAccT, a rowh of Italy, In the kingdom of Naples, and in the Hither Calabria, feated on ihe river Te town, and the mole built by the Gennefe is almoll deftroyed. It (lands on the Black Sea, 104 nules N. W. of Eizerum, and 440 £. of Conftantinople. Lon. 39. 4;. E. lat. 40. 45. N. * T«BBiT2, a town of Germany, in Moravia, on the frontiers of Bohemia, and feated on the river Igtaw, where there is a ftianufa^lory of cloth like that of England. It is S7 miles S. E. of Iglaw, and 16 N. W. of Budwitz. Lon. 17. 351 E. lat. 49. 4. N. * TtEBNiTz, a town of Germany, in Silefia, in the duchy of Oelo, with a very large nunnery. Near it is a hill confifting of a fofc clay, or ftone, which they imme- diately form mto vefTeU of all kinds ; and on being expofed to the air, become as hard at if they had been baked. It is 12 miles tl. ofBreflaw. Lon. ai. ic. £. lat. ei. 13. N. , 35 5 3 * TftKacA8TLE> a village of Bre:k- tiockfhire, in S. Wales^ 10 mites W. of Brecknock, with fix fairs ; on April 5, May *f Auguft 14, OAober 14, November 13, and December 14, for fheep, cattle, hogs, aAd horfes. * TaerRHiw, a village of Carnarvon- ihire, in N. Wales, with three fairs | on May 11, September 3, and November j, for cattle. * TaiGAMATMA, a village in Corn- wall, with two fairs ; on May 6, and Au- guft IX, for horfes, oxen, fheep, cloth, and a few hops. Tre7urt, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper SaXony, and in Hefle, with a caAle. It belongs to the eleAor of Meniz, and is feared near the river Verta, i« miles W. of Saxe Gotha. Lon. 10. o. £• lat. 51. «. N. * Tregannon, a town of Cardigan- ihire, in S. Wales, with a market on Thurf dajff, and a fairoo March 5, for horfss, hogs, t R E ftockingi, and pedlars vrare ; feated 6t\ the river Twey, is a corporation, and has a handfomc church. It is 15 miles S. E. of Aberiftwiih. and 171 W.by N. of 'London. Lon. 4. o. W.lat. 5a. 18. N. * Tk R E ANTH A, a village of Cornwall* wi li two laiis, on May 6, and Augurt i», for horfes, oxen, fheep, cloth, and a few hops. ' Tr eqonv, a town of Cornwall, with a mirket on Saturc'ayi, and five fairs, on ShtoveTuefday, May 3, July 25, Septem- ber 2, and November 6, for hon'es, oxen, flieep, c'jth, and a few hops, it ts featril off a creek by Falmouth Haven, and it mucN decayed, though it fends two mem- bers to parliament, and is governed by a mayor, feven capital burgeffes, and a jufiica of the quorum. It has ho church, and only about 1 50 houfes poorly built^ and the (Ireets are broad but not paved It is 41 miles W.by S. of Plymouth, and 257 W. by S. of London Lon. 5. ai. W. lat. 50. 20. N. * Treguibr, a town of Fiance, in Lower Bretagne, with a bifhop^s fee, and a fmatl harbour. They carry on a gord trade in corn, flax, and paper ; and it is feated ofi a peninfula on the fea, 62 miles N. E. of BreA, and 260 W. of Paris. Lon. 3. 10. W.lat. 48. 47. N. TRZiLKBURG,a fcaport town of Swc den, in the province of Schonen, feattd on the Baltick Sea, 30 miles S. E. of Copeoha* gen. Lon. 13. 30. E. lat. 55. 30. N. * Tk KM £ SEN, a province of Africa, in Barbary, and in the kingdom of Algiers { bounded on the N. by the Mediierraneaa Sea } On the E by a province called Africa ; on theS. by the dtfart of Saharah ; and on the W. by the kingdom of Fez. It is above 370 miles in length, and 125 in breadth ; is dry, barren, and mountainous, except on the N. fide, where there are plains abound- ing in corn, fruits, and pafluie?. The ca- pital town is of the fam^ name, furrounded with (Irong walls, and inhabited by pO( r Arabs, Moors, and Jews. Lon. o. 29. W. lat. 34. 40. N. * Trem ITT, the name of three iflands of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the gulph of Venice, 15 miles from the coaflof the Capitanata. The three princi- pal are called Caprara, St. Nicolo, and St. Domino. * Trbmouiilb, a town of France, in Poitou, and in the diocefe of Poitieis ) feated on the river Bennaife, 30 miles from Poitiers. Lon. i. 7. £. lat. 46. 29 N. * Tr BMP, a town of Spain, in Catalo- nia, and in the marquifate of Noguira. feated on the river Moguiu Pallerefa, and G g g g temarkabla \ ! T R E remaikablefor a (;reat number of the better , fort of inhabitants. Thent, an ancient hanrffonif, popu- lous, and confiderablc city of Gtrniany, in the Trentino, with a bifhop's fee, whofe birtiop is a fovereign, and a prince of the empire, under the protcftion oJ ihe houfc of /^uflr'ia. It was formerly a free impciial city, and is famous for a council held here, which began in 1545, and ended in 1563 It is defended with feme fortifications, and the bifhop's palace i* witiiout the city which is furrounded with rampa'ts, and flanked with baftions It is ftaied at the loot of the Alps, in a picafant ler'ile valley on the river Adi^e, 67 mikft N. W. of Ve- nice, and 260 N. W. of Rome, Lon. 1 1. a. £. lat. 46. o. N. T«KNT, the bilhoprick of, or T«en- TiNO, a country in Germany among the Alps, which divide Italy from Germany. }t is bounded on the N. by the Tirol ] on the £. by the Feltrino and Bellunefe ; on the S. by Vicentino, the Veronefe, Brefciano, and the Lake de Garda ; and on the W. by Erefi iano and the Lake de Garda. Trent is the capital town. Trent, a large river in England, and themoft conjiderablenest the Thames. It fifes near Nortcn, below Moon- hill, In the 'vJoorlandsof StaffordHiire, and runs S. E. by Newcafile onder Line, from whence it palTes througlj that county, and enters Der- byshire, where it runs N. E. paiTes by Bur- ton, near Nottingham, and clofe by New- ark quite through Notiinghamfhire. Thence it continues its coi^rfealmoA N. by Gainf- borough, on the confrnes of Lincolnfhire, and, having joined the river Oufe and fe- ■veral other rivers, is called the Hunrvber, and falls into the German Ocean below Hull. • Treport, a town of France, in Nor- mandy, and in rhediocefe of Rouen, with a tiarbour, and a Benedidtine abbey. Treptow, a town of Germony, in the circle of Upper Saxony and duchy ofPo- merania, where they have 9 mnn»ifai>ory of Aockings and wooUen AufFs. It is feat^d CO the river Rega, near its mouth, on the Baltic Sea, 43 miles N, E. of Stetin. Lcn. 17. o, E fat. 54. o. N. Ti ESEN, or Tbo8.*, a fea-pontown of Sveden, in Su the wars, and is now neither large nor popul- ous, nor can it tiold outagainft an enemy. It is fea'ed on the river Mofelle, over which there is a handfome bridge, between two moiintams, in a fertile country abounding in wine. It is reckoned one of the moft ancient cities in Germany, and is *o miles N. P., of Luxemburg, 55 S. by E. of Co- logne, and 450 W. N. W. of Vfenna. Lon. 6. 41. E. lat. 49 46. N. Treves, or Triers, the eledtora'e of, a province of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine ; bounded on the N. by the cleftorate of Cologne j on the E. by Wete- ravia ; on the S. by tie Palatinate of the Rhine and Lorrain ; and on the W. by Luxemburg. It is about 100 miles ia length, but the breadth is very different It IS full of mountains and forefts ; and its inhabitants have fuffered greatly in the wars with France. However, near the rivers Rhine and Mofelle, the foil is fruitful, abounding in corn and wine ; and it is more populous thereabouts than in other parts. •Treves, a town of France, in Anjou, feated on the river Loire, with the title of a barony, and a caflle • Trethimirow, a flrongfown of Po- land, in Lower Volhinia, feated on the rr- ver Borifthenes, 45 miles below Kiow, King Stephen Bat'ori gave this town to the Cofficks, to be their place of arms, and the feat of their council of war ; butaferwards the Polanders took it from them, and con- tinue tt) be mafters thereof. , Trevi, a town of Italy, in the P(5pe''8 territories, and in Umtria, ij miles S. E. of Penigia. Lon. i^j. js.' E. lat. 43. o. N. • Trevico, a town of Italy, In the kirgdom of Naples and the Farther Princi- pato, with a bifhop's fee j it is 17 miles £. of Bcneveoto. • Tr EviNO, aftrong town of Spain, in the province of Bifcay, and in the diftiift of Alava, with a cita4el. It is feaied on a hill, near the river Aguda, 10 mile& S W. of Vittoria, Lon. a. 59. W. lat. 41. $%. N. Treviso, or TREVTGto, an ancient, handfome, large, and rtrong city of Italy, and capital of the Marca, or Marche of . - i Trevifano, T R I TVevIfano, with »n archbifhoi>'s fee, It lied formerly an univerfity, whicti was transferred to Padua. It contains a g,reat number of handfontie buildings, being the re- fidence of many noble families ; is of pretty large extent, indifferently fortified, and feated on th€ river Silis, 17 miles N. W. of Venice, and 15 N. E. of Padua. Lon. ii. ai. E. lat, 45. 43. N. Trivoux, a cify of France, and capital of the principality of Dombs, with a parlia- ment. The parliament-houfe, the chamber of the treafury, ihe mint, and the gover- nor's houfe, are the mol\ remarkable build- ings in this place. It is feated on the fide of a hill, on the river Scanc, is miles N. of Lyons, and 188 S. by W, of Paris. Lon. 4. 51. E. lat. 45. 57. N. •Theveny, a villaf^e in Cornwall, with one fair, on 0£^ober 19, for horfes, oxen, fheep, cloth, and a few hops. • Trew, a village in Cornwall, with two fairs, on Holy-Thurf^lay, and July 25, for horfes, oxen, fheep, eloth, and a few hops. • Treysa, a town of Germany, in Hefle, and capital of the county of Ziegen- heim; feated en a hill near the river Schwalm, 17 miles N. of Marpurg, and 31 5. W. of CalTel. Lon. 9. 1 5. E. lat. 50. 52. N. Trezzo, a town of Italy, in the Mila fiefe, feated on the livcr Adda, on the fron- tiers of Bergamafco. Lon. 9. 25. E. lat. 45. 35. N. Trianon, a houfe of France, in the park of Verfailles, over-againft the me- nagerie. It is a little pretty palace, built in an excellent tafte, and whofe architeAure and ornaments are very fine. The gardens arealfo very plear.-it. • Tr IB E8ERS, ^n ancient town of Ger- many, in Pomerania, on the frontiers of the duchy of Mecklenburg, with a caftle. It belongs to the king of Sweden, and is feated near the river Trebel, 1 j mites from Roflock, and ao from Gripfwaldi Lon. £^. 15. E.Iat. 54. 15. N. ' TaiiRs. See Treves, TaiKST, a fmall, but ftrong and an- cient town of Italy, in Iftria, with a bi- fhop's fee, and a harbour on the gulph of Venice. It is beautifully fituated on the fide of a hill, about which the vineyards forrn a femicircte. Its extent is not very large, and the ftreets are narrow; but there is a large fquare, where they keep the annual fair. The haibour is fpacious, but not good ; becaufe it is open to the weft and fouth-wefl winds. The inhabitants have a |€o4 trade in Wtf oil^ almonds, iron, ^c. T R I brought from Lauback j and they cuItK-ate vines, which yield good wines. They have a fair every year, in Auguft, for 10 days, which is frequented by foreign merchant^ who .ill complain the air is unhealthy. Tfe catfiedral and the Jefuiu church are (he two beft'1)ui!dings. It belongs to the houfe of Aurtria, and is feated on the fide of a rorlt on a bay of the fame name, S miles N. of Cabo d'Iftrin, and 71 N, E. of Venue. Lon. 15. 58, E. lat. 45. 53, N. Tb ISO, a town of Hertfordfliire, with a market on Fridays, and one fair, en Sep- temper 29, for hiring fervants. It is a fmall place. 17 miles W, of Hertford, and 32 W. N, W. of London. Lon. o. 40. W. lat. 51. 45. N. Tr iNiDAD, an ifland of America, in the N. Sea, feparated from New Andalufia, in Terra Firma, by a (\rait, about 3 miles over. The foil is fruitful, producing fugar, cotton, Indian corn, fine tobacco, and fruits ; but the air is unhealthy. It was taken by "Sir Walter Raleigh in 1595, and by the French in 1676, who plundered th« ifland, extorted money from the inhabi* tants, and then left it. It is about 62 miles in lencth, and 45 in breadth ; and was dif- covered by Chrifiopher Columbus in 1498. Trinidad, a town of N.America, in the province of Guatimala, on the S. Sea. It is an open town, but very important, be- caufe there is no other harbour on this cnafl. A mile and a half from hence is a place which the Spaniards call one of the Mouths of Hell ; becaufe it is continua'lly covered with a thick fmoke, and emits fiames from time to time : befiHes, it has fo ftrong a fmeli, that no one cares to come near it. It is 70 miles 3. E. of Guatimala, Lop. 90. 35. W. lat. 17. 30. N. • Tr IN IDA p, a town of S, America, in Terra Firma, and in the new kingdom of Granaria, feated on the river Magdelena, s8 miles from Santa F6. Lon. 70. sp. W, lat. 4. 35, N. Trino, a fmall fortified town of Italy, in Montferrat, fubjcft to the king of Sardi- nia. It was taken by the French in 1704, who abandoned it in 1706. It is" feated near the river Po, 8 miles N. W. of Cafal, and 3; N. £. of Turin. Lon. 8. 18, E.Iat, 45.8. N. - " T TRiNq.niMAiE, a town of Afia, in th9 - Eaft Indies, and in the iHand of Ceylon j feared en a gulph of the fame name, on th^ eafl fide of the ifland, 100 miles N. £. of Candy. Lon. 80. o. E. lat. 9. o. N. Tr iFOLi, aconfiderable town of Aftf- ca, in Baibary, and capital of a republic of the fame name, under the ptot«^ion of tht G g g g n Ciao4 T R I Grand Seignior, with a caftle and a fort. It is pretty large, and th« inliabitanis aie noted pirates. Jc was taken by Charles y. who fettled the knights of Rhodes there } but they were driven away by the 1 uiks in 155I. It was formerly very flouriO^ing, and has now fome trade in Auflfs, faifron, corn, oil, wool, dates, oArich feathers, and (kins; but they make more qf the Chri- flian Haves which they take at fea } for they either fet hii^h ranfoms upon rhcm, cr make them perform ail forts of woik. It is fea'ed on the coa(\of the Mediterranean, in a fandy foil, and furrounded by a wall, lircngthcncd by other fortifications. I^ is a? 5 miles S. by £. of Tunis, and 550 S. E. of Algiers. Lon, 13. |o. E. lar. 32. 54. l^. Tr iPOLf, a kingdom of Afitca, in Ear> bary : bounded on the N. by the Meditcrra- fiean Sea j on the S. by the country of the Beiiberies ; on the W. by the kingd. m of Tunis, Bilcdulgerid, and a territory of the Cadamis; and on the E. by Egypt. It is about 9x3 miles along (hefea-coalt, but the breadth is vaiious. Some parts of it are pretty fruitful j but that towards Egypt is a fandy defart. It had the title of a king- dom, but is now a republic, governed by i ^ey. He is not abfolute j for a Turkifh balhaw refides here, who receives his au- thority from the Grand Seignior, and has a power of controuling the dey, and levying taxes on the people. The dey is eleAed by ll)« foldiers, who make no fcruple of de- pofing him when they pleafe. TajpoLi, an ancient and confiderable town of Afia, in Syria, on the coail of the Mediterranean or Levant Sea. The inha- bitan's are near fixty thoufand, confiding of Turks, ChiiAians, and Jews. There is one Very hand.'ome mofque, and all the houfes have fountains belonning to them. It is defended by a good citadel, with a gar- rifnn qf janifaries. Before it it a fand- fjank, which increafes fo much, that fome think it will choak up the harbour, which is two miles W. from the town, and is nnade by a round piece of land united to terra firma by an ifthmui, On each fide is a bulwark which have each 100 janifaries, and great guns to defend the entrance. This town was anciently in Phoenicia, whofe inhabitants were fo famous for navi- gation in the early a((es of the wot Id. It is the refidence of a bafhaw, or fangiack, who alfo governs the territory about it, where there are a great number of mulberry trees, and other fruits, which enable them to carry on' a filk manufadlory in the town. It is 100 miles S. of Scanderoon, and 90 N.W. 01 i^amafcuj^ Lpn, 35. 0,5, lat. 34. 15. N. . T R O T«i(i.t;iii, or TaKajuiiRf an ancient town of France, on the northern coall t>f Bietagne, with a bifhop's fee, and a fmall fafe harbour, 40 miles W. of St. Malo, Lon- 3. 19. W. lar. 48. 54. N. « Trist, an ifland of N. America, ii^ New Spain, and on the fouih coa(\ of the bay ofCampeachy, to the W. of the iOand of I'ort Royal, from which it is fvparated by a very narrow channel. \t is 5 miles in length, and almofl as much in breadth ( but not inhabited. TaiviNTO, a town of Italy, in tht kingdom of Naples, and in the county of Molefe, with a bifhop's fee ; feated on a hill near the river Trignw, or Trino, 1 5 miksN.of Bogano, and 6z B. of Na)>les. Lon. 14. 37. £. lat. 3 i. 48. N. TaojA, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Capitanata. It, is well fortified and populous, and feated at the foot of the Appennines, on the river Chilaro, 3a iniles N. £, of Benevento, an It it feated in a pleafant plain on (he livers Oppa and Mohra, 40 milet N. by E. of 01- rnutz, and 7a S. E. of Bieflaw. Loii. 18. 10. E. lat. 50. 4. N. TaowaKiDoc, a town of Wiltfhire, vrith a market on Saturdayt, and one fair, on July «5, for milleners goods. It is feat- ed on a hill, and is a town remarkable for clothiers. It is 13 miles S. W. of Marlbo- rough, and 97 W. of London. Lon. a. 20. W. lat. 51. 14. N. TaoYtt, an ancient, large, rich, and cpnfiderable town of France, in Champagne. Strangers that enter this place, are furprifed at the largenefs of (he Areets and number of inhabitants, when compared with other towns. The cathedral is a magnificent Gothic ftru£lure, and its front is adorned yrith figures in relievo. The front has three large gates, upon which is a fquare fleeple, «:ontaining one of the greateft bells in France. There are other remarkable churches and convents, among which the church of Mag- dalen is noted for its very high fteeple; tbe townhoufe is a handfome ftruJlure, and pver the gate is the ftatue of Lewis XIV. in white marble, very well done. The walks about this place are very pleafant, efpecial'y Che Mall which i» on the ramparts of the town, between two rows of trees. The in. habitants carry on a confiderable trade in linen and woollen-cloth, hard- ware, and mercery goods. It is a bi(hop*B fee, has feveral abbeys, a public library, a mint, and an ancient caftte. It is furrounded by pretty Arong walls, and is feated on the ri- ver Seine ; on the fide of which there are large beautiful meadows, abounding in all tbe neceflOiries of life, 30 miles N. E. of Sens, and 90 S. E. of Paris. Lon. 4. ic^ £. lat. 48. 1 3. N. TaoY was an ancient and famous city of Afia, near the Archipelago, and at the foot of Mount Ida. It is well known for in ten jeart (lege, tbe time of which ii n9t a T S I certainly known ; but fome think it wat I }0O years oefore the birth of Chri A. There ■re fo many of the ruini Aill remaining, as to (hew where it Aood. Lon. a6. 30. E. lat 39. 30. N. TauoitLO, a town of S, America, in the province of Terra Fit ma, and territorf of Venezuela^ lao miles S. of the Lake of Maracaybo, and fubjefl to Spain. Loo. 79. sc. W, lat. 7. i6. N. Tauao, a town of Cornwall, with two markets, on Wednefdays and Saturc'ays, and feur fairs, on Midlent-WedneCday, Wednefday in Whitfun-week, November 19, and December 18, for hoifes, homed cattle, (heep, and a few hops. It is one of the chief towns in the county, and is featei on a branch of Falmouth Haven j which is here divided into two Aieami, and almoft - fui rounds the place. It is laige, handfome^ and well inhabited, fends two members x» parliament, and has the benefit of tha coinage of tin. It is governed by a mayor and aldermen, has one church, and about 600 houfet } the Areets are paved. It ii 79 miles W. by S. of Exeter, and niNGTOH, 8 t»wi> of Bedfordfhtre, ^vith a fmall maiket en Saturdays, almcfl difufed. It has five 1l*ir$^ on April z;, tirfl Monday in June, Se{y(efnber 4» NovetnlMr i, and December TUN 6, an for cattle. It is feated under th* hills or downs, in a good foil, and is but « fmall place. It is 5 miles N. of UunAable, and 3 5 N. W. of London. Lon. o. 30. W. lat. 51. 58. N. TiJDPLA, a handfome and conftderable town of Spain, in Navarre, and capital of a merindads, with a caftle. It is inhabited by a great number of the nobility, and adorned with fevpral handfome (Iruftures. But as it is feated on the confines of Na- varre, Caftile, and Arragon, a great many criminals take refuge here, to avoid punifh- ment. It Aands 00 the river Ebo, over which there is a handfome bridge, in a country that produces good wine, 45 mile* N. W. of Sarragoffa, and 140 N. E. of Ma- diid. Lon. I. 17. W. lat. 4a. 4. N. * TutRA, a town of the Ruffian em- pire, and capital of a duchy of the fame name, in Mufcovite RufTia, with a ftrong caAle ; feated on the hill at the confluence of the rivers Wolga and Tuertze, 70 miles N. W. of Mofcow. Lon. 37. 15. E. lat. 56. 36. N. * TvEBA, a duchy of the empire of Ruflia } bounded on the N. and W. by the duchy of Novogorod ; on the E, by that of Roftow} on the S. by that of Mofcow, and the province of Rzeva. It had its own dukes for a long while ; but it was taken by the Runians iji i486, who united it to their dominions. Tulle, a confiderafale town of France, in the province of Guienne, and territory of Limofin, with a bifhop's fee. The ca* thedral church is famous for its Aeeple which is very high, and curioue * It i» feated at the confluence of the rivers Cortefe and Solan, partly on a mountain, and partly below it, in a coantry furrounded with mountains and precipices ; and the inhabi- tants are accounted a tuibulent fort of peo- ple. It is 37 miles S. £. of Limoges, and 61 S. W. of Clermont. Lon. i. 47. W, lar. 41;. 16. N. T u LN, a town of Germany, in the cir« cle of AuAria, near the Wienar-wald, or wood of Vienna, with a bifliop's fee. It is feated near the river Tuin, in a country abounding in corn and wine, 17 miles W. of Vienna. Lon. 16. 29. E. lat. 48. 10. N. * TvMEN, a town of Afia, in the Ruf- fian empire, and in Siberia, fea'ed on tbe river Tura, 115 miles W. of Tobolfkoi. Alnioftall the inhabitants are Tartais, and carry on a good trade. TuNBBiDGE, a town in Kent, with a market on Fridays, and three fairs, on A(h- Wednefday, July 5, and October 29, for bullugke, hoiTcs, and toj'S. It is feated oqi jj • . . ^ a branch place, fprings. TUN • braivch of the river Medwav, over which theie is a bridge, and it a Urge well built place. But it is moft noted fur its mineral fprin);s, which are 4 or 5 miles S. of the town ;. but in the Tame parilh. There are now many good buildings' in it, and fine accommodations; efpecially at the time of drinking the waters, which is in June, July, and Auguft. There are all the enteitain- ments and diverfions here, that are to be met with at Baih or Scarborough. They have alfo a chapel here, where divine fer- is vice is performed twice a day. The town E.35 miles N. W. by N. of Rye, and 19 S. £. by S. of Londbn. Lon. o. 16. E, lac. 5.1 . 14. N. * Tu N COHANS, a handfomeand famous town of Afia, in China, feated in a country abounding in all the necefTaries uf lil'e. Lon. 115. 45. E, lat. 37. 3. N. * TuNccHuK^, a town of Afia, in China.and capital of the province of Suchuen. Lon. 101. 25. E. lat 27. 30. N. Tunc u SI AN s. See Tangusi ans Tun J A, a town of S. America, in Terra Firma, and in the new kingdom of Granar daj and capital of a province of the fame name. It is feated on a high mountain, in a country where there are gold, and eme- ralds, 30 miles S. W. of Truxillo. Lon. 69. 15. W. lat. 4. 55. N. Tunis, a large and celebrated town of Africa, in Barbary, and capital of a king- dom of the fame name. It is feated on the point of the Gulph of Goletta, about 8 miles from the place where the famous city of Carthage Aood. It is in the form of a long fquare, and is 5 mites in circumfe- rence, with 10 large flreets, 5 gates, and 35 mofques. The houfes ate all built with flone, though biit one Aory high ; but the Walls are very lofty, and flunked with feve- ral Arong towers. It has neither ditches nor baAions, but a good citadel built on an emi- nence, on the W.lide of the city. Without the walls are two fubutbs, which contain ijoco houfes. Within the walls aie 10,000 families, and above 3,000 tradefmen's (hops. The divan, or council of Aate, aifembles if) an old palace, and the dey is the chief of the republic, who refides there. The har- bour of Tunis has a very narrow entrance, through a fmal! canal. In the city they have no water, but what is kept in ciAerns, ex- cept one well kept for the bafhaw's ufe. In 1718 the French came before this place with a large fquadron, and threatened to bombard it, on ace unt of fome captures that had been made ; but the inhabitants efcaped^ by promifing never to moleft the French any mor«. It is a place of great TUN tradf, and is 10 miles from the fe«, ly^T'. by W. o» r I ipoli, and 37 5 N . E. ol Alijtcr*. Lon. 10. 51. E. lar. 36. 40. N. Tunis, a kingd* m of Africa ; bounded on the N. E. by the Mediterranean Sea, and the kingdom of Tripoli ; on the S. by feve. ral tribes of the Arabs j and on the W. by ilie kingdom of Algiers, and the country of Efab J being 300 miles in Ungth, from E. to W. and 850 in breadrh, from N. to S. This country was formerly a monarchy | but a difl'erence ariHng between the father and f n, one of which was for the proteo- tion of the ChriUians, and the other for that of the Turks, in 1574, the inhabitant* Ihuok off the yoke of both. From (lu« time it became a republic, under the pre* tedlion of the Turks, who pay a certain tri« bute to the bafhaw that refides at Tunii. The air in general is healthy, but tliefoil in the eaAern parts but indiAerent for want of wiiiT. Towards the middle the mount.-irni and valleys abound in fruits; butthewtA- em part is (he moA fertile, becaufe it is wa« ter*d with rivers. The environs of Tunis are veiy dry, upon which account corn is gsnerally dear. The inroads of tbe ^r»b« oblige the inhabitants to fow their barr«y and rye in the fuburbs, and to inclore<(h«ir gardens with walls. However, there are plenry of Citrons, lemons, oranges, dates, grapes, and other fruits. There are alfo olives-trees, rofis, and odoriferous plants. In the woods and mountains there are lions, wild beeves, oAriches, monkey!!, ca- mdeons, roe-bucks, hares, pheafdnts, par- tridges, and other foits of birds and bealtt,. The moA remarkable rivers are theGuadi4<« carbar, Magrida, Magerada, and Caps. The form of government is aiiAocratic, that is by a council whofe prefident is the dey, not unlike the doge of Venice. The members of the divan or council are cbofea by th? dey, and he in his turn is eledted by the divan, which is compofed. of foldiers, who have more than once taken off the dey 't head. The bafliaw is a Turk, refiding as Tunis, whofe bufinefs is to receive the tri- bute, and proteA the republic : the com< mon revenues are only 400,000 crowns a- ycar, becaufe th« people are very poorj nor can they fend above 40,000 men into tbe field ; nor no more than ix men of war^ the line to fea, even upon themoAexcraor- dinary occafions. There are generally abouc 12,000 ChriAian Haves in this country, and the inhabitants car ry on a great trade in It- nen and woollen-cloth. In the city of Tu« nis alone, there are above 3,000 clothiers and weavers. They alfo have a trade in horfes, olives^ oil, foap, oAriches egg*» and f 'I i«1 m I T U R •fid frsthen. Th« Mahematani of thli city l>>«v« nine lollegci for (iudanti, and 86 petty fchonli. The principal religion U Maho- mctanifm, hut ilie inluhiianti conflll of Moon, Tu ka, Arabs, Jews, and ChriAian da vca. However, the Tui ks, though fewcfl in number, dumineer over the Moors, »n6 treat them little better than flavei. TtiNQ.UlN. Sll ToNq.UIN. * TuHCKHBiM, a town of France, in Upper Alface, near the river Colmar, re- inaikable for a viAory gained heie by Tu* itnne, over the Imperialifts in 1675. It it •bout « mile N. W. of Colmar. Lon. 7. a6. e. lat. 4g. 5. N. TuRcoMANiAi aprovincaof Tuiky, in AAa, formerly called Arnienia, at leaA the wcllern part of it had that name> It is bounded on the N. by Georgia} on the E. by Erivin and Adirbeitxan { on the S. by Diarbeck ) and on the N. by Natolia. This country is divided into four bcglerbe(>lics, or general governmenii, which are thofc of Kara, Erserum, Van, and Tchildir. * Turcomans, a people of Ada, di- vided into two branches, one of whkh in> babit the weflern part of Turcomania, be- tween the river Euphrates and Tigris, hav- in; the Curds and Georgians on the E, They pafs for the richtft (hcpherds in th^ Tui kifli empire, and dwell in fields under fents, removing from one place to another, for the fake of pafturea to .^cd their flocks, which are very numerous, confiding of ca. inels, (heep, and goats. The other branch dwells near 'he Cafpian Sea, and are all good horfemen, robbers, and of the Maho- nu'tan religion. The former pay a tribuxe to t!>e Tuik«, and the latter to the Tartars. TuRBNM, a town of France, in Gui- cnne. and in the territory of Limofin, with a caOle } featcd on the frontit<^ of C^erci, 40 miles S of Lin?oges. Lon. z. 40. E. lat. 4$. 8. N. To a IN, an ancient, populous, ftrong, bandfome, Aourifhing city of Italy, and ca- pital of Piedaiont, whe'C the fovereign re* iides, with an archuiihop's fee, a ftrong ci- tadel, and an univerfity. It is feated on a vaft plain, at the confluence of the rivers Doria and Po. It is one of the handfomeft places in Italy, but the air is unhealthy in the autumn and winter, onaccount of the thick fogs. One half of this pli.ce is lately built, and the ftreett are ftrait and clean, being wafhed by an aquedaft. The two largeft flreets are the New-ftreet, and that of the Po, which are enlightened in the winter time. The houfes are handfome, and all -built of the fame height. The ducal palace confifts of tw&ma^ificmt'flrnQureSi joined T U R together by ■ gallery, in which are TeVfrat ftaiucs, all forts of arms, the genealogy of the dukes of Savoy, a repcfcntation of the ccleflial flgns, a royal library, and many o her curioAiies. fiefides ihefe two Hruc* turci, there is the palace of the prince of Carignan, the hofpttal of St. John, the fe< minary of the Jcfuits, the royal hofpltal, and the metropolitan church of St. John ) wherein they pretend to keep the cloth in which is the print of (he face of Jcfut Chiift. Thefe are all fuperb (iruAures. When the plague reigned at Marfeilles in 1710, a great number of artificers with- drew to Turin $ infomuch that there are now above 54,6co inhabitants, and 4S churches and convents. Turin is veiy well foriiAed, and extremely flrong, as the French found by experience in 1706, who then befieged it a long while to no purppfe. The citadel, which is flanked with five baftions, is without doubt a n-ader-pieceof architeAure. There are very fine walks on the ramparts, which require two hours toi pafs round them. There are alfo very fine gardens on the fide of the river Po } and the houfe commonly called La Charit6 is re- maikable, as there is room for 3,000 poor people. The college of the academy is very large and well-built, and has a great num- ber of ancient infcriptions. In the royal li- brary ate 1 9,000 manurcript8,befides 30,000 printed books j when the laft king died, a prefent of 7,000 was made to the univer- fity. It is charmingly feated at the foot of a mountain, 6» miles N. E. of Genoa. 7a S. W. of Milan, and 180 N. W. of !>on>«. Lon. 7. 45. E. lat. 44. ^u. N. TuRKY, a very large empire, extended to part of Europe, Afia, and Africa, and is thought to be the greateft in the world. Some afRrm it is «,ooo miles in length, from E. toW. and 1,750 from N. to S. Turky in Europe is divided by the mountains of Caftagnas into N. and S. The N. part comprehends Walachia, Moldavia, BcfTara- bia, Croatia, Bofnia, Dalmatia, Servia, Bul- garia, and Romania or Rumelia. The S. part contains ancient Greece, in which are 7 large provinces, called Albaniai Epirus, Macedonia, Janna, Livadia, the Morea, and the iflands of the Archipelago. Turky in Afia, comprehends $ large parts, namely, Natolia, Georgia, Turcomania, Diarbeck, andSur!flan,and Syria ; fome reckon Arabia and Armenia, but thefe parts have little de- pendence on the Grand Signer. In Afri- ca thdy poOers Egypt, and a fmall part of Abyfllnia in Barbary ^ there are alfo other countries in Afia and Europe, which thef ar« not maAcrl of alone, but conjunctly with armies on T U R . ^th otiitr princci, and Conflantlnopfc ii lh« capital of all Turk/. Sec each article. in general the Turks are veryfobcr in eat- ing, lovers of rcA and idlencfi, and confe qucntly not vary fit to undergo fatiK^ci ) bcfldei, the frequent ufe of bathing cannot but weaken tliem, and render thrm effemi- iMte. Their hchaviour with regard to wo- men ii known to all the world, for there ii nothing but their poverty that fett any bounds to tiieir wivci and concubine* \ thu* indeed their wives, properly fo called, are no more than four in number. They are charitable towards Grangers, let their reli- gion be what it will, and no nation fuflers adverflty with greater patience than they. The Grand Seignior is abfolute master otall (he goods and pofTefTions of his fubjeAs, in fomuch ttiat they are all little better than flaves. The tides he aflumes are God upon £arth, the Shadow of God, the Brother of the Sun and Moon, the Difpofer of Crowns, and the like. The Grand Vizier is the chief next the Emperor, but it is a dange- rous place, for he often depofes them, and takes off their hexJs juft as he pleafcs j and here it may br obferved, that though the Grand Seignior has fuch prodigious power, he feldom extends it to thofe that live a pri* vate life, for thefe may remain as quiet as in any other part of the world. It is com* monly obferved, that his bafhaws, gover- nors, and officers of flate, are the children of Chriihan parents, which are commonly taken in war, or purchafed { however, this is not fo univerfally true as it was formerly. The Turki have always very numerous armies on foot, the chief of which are the janizaries, who have been bred in the Se- raglio, and have ufed military difcipline from their infancy. Of thefc they have al- ways a 5,000, and there may be about 100,000, who have that name. The reli- gion of the Turks has great affinity to that of the Jews ; for they believe in one God, and that his great proohet is Mahomet, as the Jews affirmed Mofes to be. They obferve the fame rules in eating and drinking, and they hold hogs fle(h in great abhorrence as well as the Jews. The chief difference con- fiAs in ablutions, frequent prayers, and re- peated bathings ; for with regard to plu- rality of wives, they are very much alike, only the Jews conform in a great meafure to the cuftom of the country which they in- habit, in that refpeft. We fhall fay no- thing of the trade in general, becaufe in fo cxtenfive an envpire it mud be quite differ- ent in different parts. However, we may obferve, that theTuiks themfelves are not very indMilrioup, sind that the numerous T U S ■n ChriAians and Jews that Vve amenf them, are rrmrt adrlu'led to trafTic and mechanic employments. 'I heir Grand Seigniur'i chief revenues arifc (rom cufKoms and ot^cr du« tics on ni«ii.handizr«, licfuJet a capil4linn tax on all Cluiduns witlim hi* dommtonn. • TuRNKKj HiLJ,, a place in Sufllrx, with two fitits, on E4(Ur-Tucfday, and O^ober 16, fur pedlars ware. • TuiNHouT, a town of the Nct'ier. lands, in Campiena. built by Henry IV. duke af Diab.tnt. The Spani.irdB were de- feated near this place by prince Maurice of NafHu, in 1648. It is the cief place of a loidniip, belonging to the houfe of Naffau. Lon. 4, 4;. K. lat. 51. 14. N. • TussAN, a fmall territory of France, in Gafcony, between Landes, Lower Ar- magnac, beirne, and ChalolTe. TuRsi, a town of It^ly, in the Bafilica* ta, feated on the river Sino, 8 milei from the Gulph of Tarento, with the title of a duchy. It is ^o miles S. W. of Bari. Lon. 17. 5. E. lat. 40. so. N. Tuscany, a fovereign ftate of Itatf, with the title of a grand duchy } bounded on the N. by Romagna, the Bolognefe. tha Modenefe, and the I'atmezan ; on the S. by the Mediterranean Sea} on (he E, by th« duchy of Urbino, the Perugino, the Or> vietano, the Patrimony of St. Peter, and the duchy of CaHro ; and on the W. by the fea, the territory of Lucca, and theterrit'->rjr of Genoa} being about 150 miles in leng'ti, and 100 in breadth. It Is watered by feva-> ral riveis, of which the Arno is the chief. There are feveral mountains, in which are found mines of divers forts, fucli as iron, a- lum, and vitriol. They Have alfo quarries of marble, alabaAer, and porphyry, bcfldis hot baths and mineral waters Many parts of it are fruitful in corn and wine, and pro* duce plenty of citrons, oranges, pomegra* nates and other fmits. The inhabitant* are lovers of peace, apply themfelves >a tradf, and have eftablifhed divers manufac- tories, particularly of (iiks, ftuffs, fine earthen ware, and gilt leather. They are much vifited by foreigners, on account of their polireo«fs, and becaufe the Tufcan lan- guage is 'he p ireft in all Italy. This du- chy is divided into three parts, namely, the FIcreniino, the Pifano, and the Sienncfe, to whkh feme add the idands. The lad duke 01 Tufcany. of the houfe of Medicis, died in 1737, without leaving any heira ri., Cliarles VI. promifed Tufcany, as a fieP o. the empire, to Don Carlos, infant of Spftin, as being the neareft male tteir. Bot •i H 1) h h thai i ^■1 llf: ■ T u y that prince, impntient to become mafter of | it, obliged ttie Florentines in 173X1 to pay him homagf, before the death ot the grand and without the confcnt of the empe- ror. A war being kindled in Italy, Don Carlos became mafter of the kingdoms of Kaples and Sicily { and their poireiTion was cgnfiimed to him by tl>e peace concluded in jy%S' ^^* ^c ^'^ obliged to renounce his right to Tufcany, in favour of the late empe< for of Germany, then duke of Lorrain ; and "which 'was ceded to him as an equivalent for that duc'iy, which he had given up to FranCQ. Thers is now kept a coun- cil of regency in Tufcany, who have the ad- tniniftrationof affaiis, apd is compofed of feveral members. The annual revenues of this country may be about 300^000 fcudies, bur the fovereign c;)nnot fend above 30000 (Tien into the field, and at fea he has no more than ^o galleys, which h« is obliged to keep to defend this country againd the Turkilh pirates. The re ;enue arifes from a tenth part of the yearly value 0/ every lioufe, tfic tenth of all eftates that are fold, the ground- rents of the houfes in J.eghorn, 9nd other places, 8 per cent, out of wo- tnen'S fortunes, when (hey are inarried, and i^ve (hillings a- head on all cattle that at^ fo]d ; betides which, there is almofl a gene- ral excife on all forts of proviiions. TtfTBWKY, a town in "Staffordfhire, with a market on Tuefdays, and three fairs, f n Febri^ary i<, Auguft 15, and December 1, for a few horned cattl?. It is feated on (be river Dove, among ri:h meadows, and near the foie() of Needwood ; 30 miles E. pf Stafford, and 110 N. ^. of London, ion. I. 3e. W. lat. 5a. 50. N. * TuTLiNCEN, a townof Germany, in ^uabia, apd in the duchy of Wittemberg, l^ear th^ river panube. TuTvcuRisi, orTvTicoiiiit,a popu- lous town of <)(ia, in the E.Indies, in the ' |i?ninfqla on this fide the Ganges, and over a|gain^ the ifland of Ceylon, wh^re the Putch have a factory. |t is 60 miles N. E. ofCapeComoriQ. Lon. 72. 30. £. Jat. 8. '52. N. Tuxroan, a (own of NottlDghamfhire, with a market on Mondays, and two (airs, on September a jj, for horfes and hogs, and on May iz, for cattlt;, hogs^ (heep, and ^illincry ware. |t is "feated in a clayey foil, ^nd U a good thoroughfare, and a poft |o jvn! It is 1 3 miles H. by W. of Newark, ^ncl ii9 N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 50. W. lat. 53.16. N. TViY, a fownofSpain, |n the kingdom ^f^alitis, and on the frtiptiers of Portu- |)i1^ ^ith a bifhop't fee, It is rvrrou.nde4 T Y <5 with ftrongf walls and good ramparti, and 1*11 well furnifhed with artillery, becaufe it is a frontier town, k is feated on the top of a mountain, near the river Minho, in a plea- fitnt, feitile, and well cultivated country, wheie there tk nothing to be feen but gar. dens, oichards, vineyards, and corn ^elds j 61 miles S. of Cofnponella, 7.nd t^^ W. of Madtid. Lon. 8, la. W. lat. 41, 541 N. TwBBD, a river of Scotland, which di- vides the (hire of Mers and Tiviotdale from Northumberland in England, and falls into the German ocean at Berwick. TwEi DA l;, a /hire of Scotland ; bound- ed on the N. by Lothian } on the £. by Mers, and Tiviotdale ; on the S. by An- nandale ; and on the W, by Clydfdale. The principal town is Peebles. TwEER, a town of Ru0ia, and capital of the province of Tweer, feated on the ii- ver Wolga, 90 miles N. of Mofcow. Lcn, 30. 37. £. lat. 57* 35. N. • TwyroBD, a village in Beikfhire, 4 miles £. of Reading, with one fair, on July 15, for horfes and other cattle. • TvcoKJiN, a town of Poland, in Podlachia, with a ftrong caftle, and where they have a mint. It is feated on th& rivef Narew, aa miles N. W. of Bielik. Lon, 23. 50. E. lat. 5a. 50. N. Tybe, a fea-port tovi/n of Turky iq Alia, and in Syria, as alfoin that part for- merly called Phoenicia, once a place of ex- ceeding great ti'ade. It is alfo famous for a fhell-fifh, which dyes a fine purple, and was thence called the Tyrian dye. It is now nothing but a heap of venerable ruins ^ but has tvvo harbours, that on the N. fide exceeding good, the other is choaked up by the ruins of the city. The country about it is naturally good, being watered withplea^ fant fprings, but is now negledted. It is 60 miles S. W. of Pamafcus. Lon. 3a. 55. £. lat. 33. o. N. Tybnaw, a town of Upper Hungary, and in the palatinate of Trentfchin. |t is 4 large place, well fortified, and 35 miles N> E. of Pre](burg ; fubjeA to the houi'e of Au*; flria. Lon, 18. 0. £. lat. 48. 35. N. Ttrons, a county of Ireland, in the province of Uifter, 46 miles in length, and if in breadth } bounded on the N. by Lon- donderry J on the £. by Armagh, and Lough- Neagh } on the S. by Fermanagh ; and on the W. by Donnegai. |t is a rough ant^ rugged country, but tolerably frditfbl j con- tains 1 8,683 houfes, 30parifhes, 4 baronies, 4 boroughs, and fends io members to par- liament. Tbe |princi)pal ^own is Pfiogait* npo. jr^TtBt a town of Penmtrlri i«i tHe provii(i(;? A I burg, bf Limfo fend 50 V 57. o~N • Tr; Proper ^ Acfu, ab( V. V A E V A L Hungary, miles Ni ii'e of Au- N. I, in the gth, and . by Lon- td Lough' ; «nd on Ugh and| rul : con- provided |)ro»fndes of M. Jutland, and territory of [ VAinittctn, a town of Germany, U) Albur;, with a citadel; feared on the Gulph bfLimCord, zz miles N. W. of Wiburg, fend 50 VV. of Alburg. Lon. 8. ij.E.lati 57- o.~N. • TzADVRiLLA, a towtt of AHa, in Proper Natalia, near the river Sangar, or Acfu, about 63 miles S. £. of Nice. Loa. 31. S.E.Iat. 30 o. N. • TfARiTiA, a town of the RuITlan empire, in the k ngdoriiof Aftracan, feated 00 the river Volga, about lao miles M. W. from Atlracan. Lon. 47. 5^ E. lat. 48. 1 5. N. • TzBiNoriAit, or T2knoca*, a town of the Rufllan entpire, in the king- dom of Aftracan ; feated on a mountain Dear the river Volga, So miles above Aftra- tan. Lon. 49. 15. E. lat. 47* 30. N. • t7AA9, a town of France, in thegfcne- ^ rality of Tours, and in theeleAionof Fleche, with an Auguftine abbey. • Vaast> St. a town of France, in Normandy, and diocefe of Coutancet, 5 tniles from Flarfleur, and 8 from Valogne^ Vabrbs, a town of Prance, in Rou- ergue, with a bi (hop's fee. It is little bet- ter than a village, though called a dty, and feated at theconfluenceof two fmall rivers, that fall into the Tarn, a little diftance oflf. it is 30 miles St E. of Rodrz, and 32 E. of Alby. Lon. s. 57. E. lat. 43. 56. H. Vac HA, a town of Germany, in the langravate df HeifeCafTelj feated on the confines of Franconia, 40 miles S. E of HefTe CaflTel, arid fubje^ to the langiavate. Lon. 10. o. E, lat. 50. 55. N. Vad A, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Tufcany, feated on the Tufcan Sea, 10 miles S. of Leghorn. Lon. 1 1. zoi E. lat. 43. 17. N. Vado, a fea^porttown of Italy, in Gt' noa, with a fort ; 3 miles W. of Savona, and 36 S. W. of Genoa. Lon. 9. 8. B. lat. 44. 16. N. • Vadstiik, a townof Svt^eden, in E. Gothland, feated on the eadern bank of the Lake Veter, near the river Motala, about 3a miles W. of Norkoping. The kings of Sweden had formerly a palace here, which isnowm ruins. Lon. 15. 55. E. lat. 58. 12. N. Vaxna, a town of Spain, in Andalufla, feated at the fource of the river Caftro, sj tniles S. £. of Cordova. Lon. 4* 6. W. lat. 37. 30. H thecirJeofSuabia, and duchy of Wntern- bur;; ; feated on the river Neckar, 16 mileS S. W. of Hailbion. Lon. 8. 45. £, lai. 4S. 50. N. • VaiSiauX, the irteof, a fmall ifland of N. America, on the N. coaft of Lm- fiana, betwcer^ llie mouths of the Mifllfip* pi, and the Mobile, wiih a fmall harbour. Vaison, a poor town of France, in Pro* vence, and in rlie comtat Ven^iiTin, with $ bifliop's fef,-and fiibjcft to t! e Popt.*. li is feated on a (Dountain, on whicii iliere is ji Csftle, near the river Oreze, : nd the ruifis of ancient Vaifon j which w.is one of the largeA cities of the Gaols. It is t $ miles N. E. of Orange, and 25 N, li. oi .ivignon, Lon. 5. 13. E. lat. 48. 15. N. Va L, a village of the Netherlands, th %p miles VV. of Maeflricht, wheie a bat le was fought in July 1744, between the allis^ armies commanded by the duke ofCumber.^ land, and the French headed by Mnrfhal Sajte. The allies were obliged to retreat, but the French lof) mote men than they. • Val-di-Dxmona, a province of It.i< ly^ in Sicily. It means the Viilley of De- mons, and is fo called, becaufe Mount /£tna, or Mount Gibe), which is placed therein, throws out flames continually, which occaflpAed fuperftitious people^ in t'lf times of ignorance, to believe that it wd$ a chimney 6f hell. This province contains i34lovvns, and the inhabitants, according to a computation ri>j>^e not long a^o, are 300^342 in number. The capital town ia Meflina. • VAt-Di-MAZA* A, aprovinccof fta» ly, in Sicily, and is fo called from a town of the fame name, v^hich is the capital. It is bounded on the E. by the Valleys of Dtf- mona and Noto j and on the other fidefur-* rounded by the fea. This pt-ovince con- tains Palermo, the capital of the wholtf idand. • Val-di-N ren- der it fertile in all the necefTaries of life, ef- pecially fruits and wine. There a''e very rug.ed mountains, in which are mines of gold, filver, and alum. The inhabitants Ae very civil, and much more gay than in »,-■ .1 ?1 .! tl Other parti of Spain j and the women ast mcie handfome. Valencia, a town of Spain, and capi^ tal of the province of the fame name, com- monly called a kingdom. It is a large place, containing about 12,000 houfes within the walls, befides thofe in the fuburbi, and in the'pleafure- gardens roflnd about it, which amount to much the fame number. It is ao archbifhop's fee, and has an univerfity, founded in 149s. It was taken from the Moors in the thirteenth century, who were all obliged to leave it. The inhabitants ara very dvil, agreeable in converfation, and mote addiQed to gaiety than the other Spa- niards. The women are (he moft beautiful in the kingdom, and alfo the moft gallant. The city is very handfome, very agreeable, and adorned with very fine ftru£luie>. The cathedral church has si Hereple 130 feet high, and one fide of the choir is incrofted with alabaftar, and adorned with very fine paint- ings of fcripture hiftory. The high altar it covered with filver, and lighted with four- teen filver lamps. The univerftty corfift* of feveral colleges, and the Jefuits have one of their own. The palace of the viceroy, that of Ciuta, the monaftery of St. Jerom, the exchange, and the arfenal, are all wor- thy of the notice of travellers. It is not very ftrong, though there are baftions along the walls, and likewife a certain number of brafs cannon. It is a very populous place, and has feveral good manufactories of cloth and filk, carried on with great fuccefs and induftry } for even the very children arc employed in fpinning filk. There are fe- veral remains of antiquity, and it is charm* ingly feated on the river Guadalvir, over which theie are five bridges. It is 53 miles from the fea, where there is a harbour ii« miles N. by E. of Murcia, 77 S. W. of Bar- celona, and 165 £. by S. of Madrid. It wgs taken by the earl of Peterborough in 1705, and loft again two years afterwards* Lon. o. 5. W. lat. 39. 30. N. VAtENeE-D'AlCANTARA, or VAtlN- ZA o'Alcantar A, a confiderableand po- pulous town of Spain, in Eftremadura, oi> the frontiers of Portugal, with an old ca* ftle. It is furrounded with walls after the antique manner, flanked with 4 or 5 fmaU baftions, an da few towers j is very ftrong by fituation, being built upon a rock, near the river Savar, 15 miles S. W. of Alcanta- ra, and 37 N. of Badajoa. Lon. 6: 3. W> lat. ^9. 12. N. Valekce, a confiderable and populous city of France, in Dauphiny, and capital of the Valentinois, with abifhop*sfee, anom« wrfity, and an abbey of AuguAine-canons. It V A L It ii divided into the city and towA. loth which are feated on the banks or the Rhone, The town it watered with feveral fprini^s, and it enctofed with double walls and ram- parts. The city is built on a ptatforni, and the ilreett are narrow and crooked. How- ever, there it one large ftreet, which leadt to the fquare, where the cathedral church Aanda. There are feveral ether churches and religiout houfet. The colleges are in- coniiderable j but there is a phyftc garden full of I are plantt. It it 30 miles N. by E. ofVivieres, and 33; S. by E. of Paria> Lon. 4. 5 V E« i«t. 45. $8. N. * Valcnci, a town of France, in Blaifoit, and in the ele£tion of Bleis, feated •n the river Nahon, with a handfome ca- ftJe. Lon. I. 41. E. lat. 47. 10. N. Valbnc ia, Niw, a town of S. Ameri ca, in Terra Firma, feated near the W. end of the Lake Tocarigua, 47 miles S. of Porto Cavalle, or Cabcla. Lon. 66. 30. W. lat. 10. o. N. Valiincixnnes, an ancient, ffrong, large, and confiderable town of the French Netherlanda, in Hainault, with a gcsd ci- tadel. It is divided into three parts, and has two manufaAories, the one of wooTlen- AufFr ?.nd «;t:e other of very fine linen. Th-; f'- "^rs'iont are after the manner of Vai . . ;: very good. It was taken by the F* nr\ 'u 1677* who afterwards built a firong eitadel here. It it feated on the ri- ver Scheld, which not only divides it into te treaty of Utiechr. k has been otten ta4ten and retaken in tho wars of Italy, and is feated on a mountaui near the river Po, on the frontiers of Mont- ferrat. ix miles £. of Cafal. and 35 S. W, of Milan. Lon. 8. 40. E. lat. 44. 58. N. • Vai-kttb, a town of France, iAAfV> joumoit, with the title of a duchy, lO milet S. of Angouleme. Lon. «. 15. E. lat. 45. 30. N. Vaiitta. See Malta. Vallapolih, an ancienr, large, anl handfome city of Spain, in Old Caftile, and capital of a principality of the fanns name, with a bifhop't fee, and an univerfity. It is furrounded with ftrorvg walls, entbef- lifhed with handfome buildings, fcaB8, remark- able for its church, which is one of the moft magnificent in the city. The kings refided a long while at this place, ai^ the royal palace, which ftill remains, is of verf large extent, though but two ftories highg within are fine paintings of various kinds, and at one of the corners a curious clock made in the fame manner as that of Straf> burg. Befides this there are feveral other places which a traveller ought to vrfit ; not to mention thofe belonging to noblemen, nor the houfes of rich citizens, which have all their particular beauties. There are other public fquares which we have not room to defcribe, and therefore we fhall only take notice, that another of them is furrounded with 1 30 churches, chapels, cofv- venti, and hofpicals} and that the town-* houfe ftands on on* of the (ides. ThehooTe of the inquifition is an odd fort of AruAure, for there are no windows, but a few holes to let in the light. The environs cf the city are a fine plain covered with garrdeiis, orchardtj vineyards, meadows, apd fu\4u 1:1 '.I V A L C h 41. 4s. .N. * Vallasolid, a considerable town of IJorth America, in New Spain, and capital of the gCiTcrnincnts of Mechoacan, with a bilhop's fee. It is feated near a great take, M*$ miles W. of Mexico. Lon. 103. ao. yi. lat. %o. 0. K« * Valladolid, a town of N. Ameri- ca, in New Spain, on the confines of the audience of Nicaragua, in the government «f Honduras, with a bilhop*s fee. Lon. 88, T^. W. lat. 13. 30. N. * Valladolid, a town of N. Ameri- ca, in New Spain, and in the province of Yucatan, near the coaft of the gulph of Jionduras. Lon. 86. 55. W. lat. 19. o. N. * Valladolid, a town of S.America, .in Peru, and in the audience of Quito, near the mountains called the Andes. Lon. 70. 55. W. lat. 6. ao. S. * Vall ACt, a fmall territory of France, in Champagne, bounded on the N. by Chalonois and Pertois ; on the £. by Bar- rai ; on the S. by Baffigny } and on the W. iby Proper Champagne. It is full of valleys, •bounds in meadows, and Bar-fur-Aube is .the capital town. •Vallimomt, a town of France, in fTormandy, in the diocefe of Rouen, with a caAle, and a Benedi£)ine abbey, 16 miles N. by W. of Caudebec. Lon. i. 15. W. Jat. 49. 46. N. Vallenoik, a town of SwilTerland, and capital of a county of the fame name, lying near the lake of Neufchatel, and is a little republic, under the protection of the king of Pruflia. It is 15 /niles N. W. of Bern. Lon. 6. 40. E. lat. 47. 10. N. * Vall 2R 8, a town of France, in Tou- raine, and in the elcAion of Tours, where there are mineral waters. It is 4 miles N. W. of Tours. Lon. o. 41. £. lat. 47. 14. N. Vallkky, St. a town of France, in Pi- cardy, and in the Vimeux, at the mouth of the river Somme, whofe cn^irance is very dangerous. It is 10 miles from Abbeville, and 100 N. by W. of Paris. It carries on a very large trade. Lon. i. 41. E. lac. 50. II. N. * VALiiar-KN-CAvx, STt a town of France, in Norntundy, and in tlte territory of Caux, with a harbudr, 15 miles from Dieppe, and 10; N. W. from Paris. Lon. a* 47. E. lat. 49. o. N. * VALLiaa, St. a town of France, in Danphiny, and in the Craifivaudan, with a friery) 7 mika M. by W. of Toumon. " V A L Lort. «. 49. E. Ut. 45. 13. N. *• Valna, a town of Spain, if) An) dwelt along the Bahic Sea, be- tween the rivers Viftula, 'Elbe, and Trave. 7here were feveral emigrations of thefe people into divers parts of Europe, wliere Ihey performed great exploits j particularly they conquered the Romans in Spain, in the province now called Andalufia. Here they fettled, but were driven away 31 years after by the Goths, * Vansjevvkb, atown of France, in Ckampaghe^ with a caftle ; feated on the fiver Barfe, 1 5 miles from Troyes. Lon. f . 27 £. lat. 48. 10. N. Van N IS, a trading populous, and an- cient town of France, in Lower Brittany, with a bi(hop*s fee, and a harbour ; feated fidvanfsgeoufly for trade on a canal by which it communicates with the fea, 3 Ittiles diftant. It is 15 miles E. of Blavet, and 155 W. by S. of Paris. Lon. a. 59. IV. lat. 47. 39. N. * Vab, a fivef of Fiance, in Provence, Which has its fource in the county of Nice, pafTesb} Guillaume, Entrevaux, and Brock Ififrpvcpce^faUin^itato ttte l||edit$rrancan V A U S«a, 3 miles W. of Nice ; but it does nak IK^P**" *U'V-*#>PT» '^ * divide France from Italy, as fome pretend.^ * Varambun, a town of France, ia BrelTe, feated on the river Ain, with the li-* tie of a marquifate j 14 miles N. N. W. of Bourge, in Bredfe. Lon. 3. 15. E. lat. 4i, aS.N. * Vakbn, a town of France, in Roa^ ergoe, and in the eleAion of Ville Franche. * Varend, St. a own of France, ia Poitou, and in the eleflion of Thouars. * Varbndobph, a town of Germatlfy in the circle of Weflphalia, and in the U- fhoprick of Munfter, feated on the river Embs. It is well fortified, and is one of the keys of this bifhopri.k. * Varbnnks, a town of France, itt Bottrbonnois, and in the eledlion of Mou- lins, feated on an eminence near the river Allier, on the frontiers of Lower Auvergne, 14 miles S. S. £. of Moulins. Lon. 3. tjm E. lat. 46, 13. N. Varna, a confiderable town of Turky in Europe, in the province of Bulgaria, and capital of the territory o( Drobugia, with aa archbifhop's fee, and a harbour } feated near the mouth of the livcr Varna, on ih« Black Sea, 22 miles N. of Mefember, and 125 N. W. of Condantinople. Lon. 33« SS.E. lat. 4S. 4* N. * Vars, a town of France, in Sain- tonge, and in the elcAion of St. John of Angely. * VARzev, a town of France, in the diocefe of Auxerre, 3a miles from that city, with a caftle and collegiate church. Vassbrbvrg, a town of Germany, in the circle and duchy of Bavaria, and in the territory of Munich, with a caftle. It is furrounded on all fides by high mountains, and thecaflle (lands at the extremity of the town. It was (Irengthened by the Auftri- ans in 1743, ""d >8 feated on the river Inn, which almoH: furrounds the town, 25 miles S. E. of Munich, Lon, is. 15. E. lat- 47. 52. N. Vassi, a town of France, in Cham- pagne, and one of the principal of Vallage} feated on the river Blaife, 10 miles N. W< of Joinville, and 1 1 5 E, of Paris. Lon. 4, 59. E. lat. 48. 30. N. * Vat AN, a town of France, 'in Berri, feated in a fine plain, 8 miles from Iflbu« dun, with a collegiate cliurch. Loo. i« 50. E. lat. 47. 5. N. Vatican. SceRoMi. * VAucotioaEs, an ancient town of France, in Champagne, and in BaiBgai, containing a collegiate church, with adeaa and 10 canons, a convent of the Annunci* adeSj and a priory, U it feated 00 the fide of ; U B E •fliMU, at xhB foot of which is a line ■ncadow, watered by the river Meufc, which paffes near the town ; lo ntiica W. oi Toul, so S. W. of Nanci, and 150 E. of Paris, horn. 5<45- £. lat.4S. 33. N. * Va uc LIU SE, the name of one of the finefl fprings in Euroi^e, 8 miles from Avig> Bon^ and near the town of Ath. The vil. iag« of this name is famous for the amours el Petrafch and the beautiful Laura. * Vav»v a diflridi of a territory cf SwilKiland^ which makes part of the can- Ion of Bern, and extends from the lake of Geneva to thoCie of Yverdun and Merat. |t is the moft pleafant and fertile countr)i in all SwiflerUnd ; its inhabitants robuft and ^ood foldiers ;, but very indolent. * Vaupasles, a town of France, in A«vergne» 5 miles frona Iflfoire^ and 340 from Paris. VAaoBMONT» I town^ of France, in lori^in in a county of the fame name, utithi a caftle and » collegiate chufch ; Ifcated in the mod fertile country for corn in an Lorrailt, 1 5 ipiles S. E. of Toul, and >5 S. W. of Nana. {ion. 6. 10. £. lat, 48. 26. N. VAunois, the Valleys of, lie in Pied- ■ftont in Italy, N. of the marquifate of Sa- lu«2o, tfte chief town in which is Lucerne, the inhabitartta ar^ called Waldenfes and Vftudois, from Peter Waldo, the name of 9 mershant at Lyons, who expofed the fu< Ssrftition of the church of Rome in 1160. elng banifhed from France he came here wiibhis difciples, whofe defcendants have the fame averfion for popery ; and upon ffliat account have ynderg,one very fevere perfecutinns. V A u na E V A N c b , * town of France, in I.crrain, near the Arong fortrefs of Sar JLours, built by the French. It is feated on the rrver Sare, 50 miles N. E. of Nanci ; but is now almoft mined. Lon. 6. 36. $. I»r.49. iS. N. V^nfiES. SeeVosGBS. * Vaur. See Lavauii. • * Vaws-ijes, a town of Frarcp, in I'oi- tow, and in the eSeflion of Poitiers. * v.'* u VERT, a town of France, in Lan- gvedoe, and in the diocefe ef Nifmes. Used A, a conficierable and populous town of Spain, in Andaliifia, with a ftrong ca'ftfe ; feated in a fertile country, abound- H>g rn ooriT, wine, oil, and fruits, efpe- ciaRy fit,9. It is 5 miles N. E. of Baeza, arad 1 5S S. E. cf Madrid. Lon. a. 33. W. kat. 37.4?. N. UBERtxSGEN, a free and imperial city 0f Germany, in the province of Furflen- ^S, The inhabitants carry on n great %a U D I trade In corn, which they fend to SwilTer* land. They are partly Roman Catholics^ and partly Proteftants j and not far from hence are very famous baths. It is feat&4 on a high rock near the Lake of ConAance^ ro miles N. E. from ConAance, and ao S. W. of Pfullendorf. Lon. 11. 15. E. laU 47. 35. N. UBEs,ST.orSBToaAL,a new town of Portugal, in the province of Eftremadura, with a good harbour, defended by the foct of St. Jago. It is built on the ruins of the ancient Setobriga, at the head of a bay, near the mouth of the river Zadaen. It has a 6ne fiHiery, and they have a very good uade, particularly in fair, for which it is noted.. Moft of the northern countries of Europe fend (hips hither to be laden with fait, which they either carry home, or fend to their plantations in Ameiica. It is well fortified, being furrounded with walls, with 5 baAions, and s demi-baftions, on the land fide, and two baftions on the fide cf the fea. It is feated at the end of a plain, 5 miles in len(>tli, extremely fertile in com, wine, and fruits. The N. end is bounded by a row of mountains, loaded with fine forefts of pines, and other trees ; and within arc quarries of Jafper of feveral colours, of which they make pillars and images, which take a very fine polifh. It i» 22 miles S. E. of Lifbon, and 50 W. of Evora. Lon. f. II. W. lat. 38. 36. N. * Ub L B V, a village in Somerfetfhire, 10 miles S. by W. of BiiAc.1, with one fair, oil Qdlober 4, for cattle, hoi;s, and cheefe. * Uby, or Polo Uby, an ifland of Afia, in the E. Indian Sea, at the entrance of the bay of Siam, «o miles in circumfe^ rence, and yielding good water, and plenty of wood. It is 10 miles from Pulo«Condor« Lon. 105. 40. E. lat. 8. 15. N. UcKERMUNo, a town of Germany, in Upper Saxony, and in the duchy of Pome* rania. It is feated well for trade, bein; built on a bay of the Baltic Sea, called the Great HafiF, 15 miles N. W. of Stetifl« Lon. 14. ao. E. lat. 53. 45. N. * UcKFiEiD, a village in SufiTex, 8 ipiles N. of |fide, on a hiil commanded by two mountain*, 17 miles N. W. of Arba, and 110 S. E. of Venice. Lon. 14. 46. E. lat. 45. 10 N. • VxiLtANA, a town of Italy, in Pied- mont, and in the marquifate of Sufa, feated 00 an etninence, near the river Doria, 1 5 miles N. W. of Turin, and ix N. of Pigne- rol. Lon. 7. S4. E. lat. 44. 57. N. • Vxi a OS, a town of Portugal, in Alen tejo, feaied on the river Anhaloura, with a good caOle near Fronteira, 10 miles S. S. W. of Porulegra. Lon. 6. 42. W. lat. 48. 5*: N. VaiT, St. a ftrong town of Germany, in the circle of Auftria, and in Carinthia, with an old callle. and one church ; feated at the Confluence of the rivers Gian and Wunicb, 8 miles N. E. of Clagenfurt, and 137 S. V/. of Vienna. Lon, 14. 15. E. iat. 46. 50. N, V E N VtLT, or ViTO, St, a ftrong town ol Italy, in Idria, with a caAle, belonging to the houfe of AuDria ; feated on a mountain, near the Gulph of Venice, on the confines of Croatia, where there is a hafbour, •j/ miles S. E. of Capo-d'ithia. Lon, 14. 37* E. Ut. 45. 25. N. Vela, a cape of S. America, on the coad of Terra FIrma, 180 miles N. E of St. Martha. Lon. 73. 25. W. lat. 11. o. N. V E t A Y, a territory of France, in tlic g**- vernnient of Languedoc ; bounded on the N. by Foreej on the W. by Upper Au- vergne $ on the S. by Gevaudan j and on the E. by Vivaiez. It is full of hi«l> moun- tains, covered with fnow the grcr.tcft pait of the year, but abounds in cattle. Veldentz, a town of Germany, in the Palatinate, and circle of the Lower Rhine, with a ftrong caftle ; and is tlie chief place of a county of the fame name, furrounded by the archbirtioprick of Triers, and be- longs to the eleftor Palatine, It is feated on the E. fide of the river Mofelle, 15 miles E. of Triers. Lon. 7. 3. E. lat. 49. 5*. N. Veletbi, or Veilbt«i, an ancient and handfome town of Italy, in the Cam- ^agna of Rome, ii is a very pleafant place* lying on the great road to Naples, and is the refidence of the bifhop of Oftia, whofe palace is magnificent. There are large fquares adorned wi:h fine fountains ; and a battle was fought here in June ■ 744, be- tween the Auftrians and Spaniards. It is feated on an eminence, 12 miles from the Tea, 8 S. E. of Albano. and xa S. E. of Rome. Lon. 12. 52. E. lat. 41.42. N, * VELEZ-DE.GoMAftA, a town of Afri. ca, in the kingdom of Fez, and in the pro- vince of EriflT, with a harbour, and a hand- fome caftle, where the governor refides. It is feated between two high mountains, on the coaft of the Mediterranean Sea. Lon. 4. o. W. lat. 35. o. N. * VeLEz-MAtAGA, a town of Spain, in the kingdom of Granada, with a caHle; feated in a large plain near the fea, 1 2 miles U. E. of Malaga, and 51 S. W. of Granada. Lon. 3. 41. W. lat. 36. 28. N. Vklez, a town uf Spain, inNewCaftile, with a ftrong caftie, 4<; miles N. E. of To- ledo, and 50 S. E. ef Madrid. Lon. 3. 20. W. hi. 40. 5. N. ViT-iKA, a town of FTurj^^ry, in Scla- vonia, feated on the river Gakawa, 10 miles E. of Cruetz, and 60 N. W. of Poffjga j fubjfft to the houfe of Auftiia. Lon. 17, .31. E lat. 46. 15. N. * Vena, orMoNTi-DELiA-VENA, are mountains of Carniola, on the confines of Iftria, 10 the S. of the Lake Czernic. Th»/ I i i i are 'U 'iT<1 V E N pvt pRrt of the Julian, or Pannonic AIpl of |be ancitr.ts. Ven a tro, a town of Italy, in the king- dcm of r»Japle«, and in tlc! Terta Hi Lsvoro, viitli a bi(hii)'s f'f, antl the title of a prin- cipality. It (iiivls near the rive; Volturno, >7 m.Its W. ( t C'puj, and 43 N. of Naples. l^on. 14. 10. G. lat. 41. 31. N. Venaisssn, a territory of France, de- pfnrfinf» on t!ie pope, and lyinj; between Frovcnce, Oanpliiny, the liversDuance and the Rhone. It is but of Imall txteiit, but plesrm: and fpnile ; Carpentras is the capi- (a! tnvn. VhNANT, St. a town of France, in the Kerherlant^-, and in ihe province of Artois, on the frontiers of Fanciers. It can be laid under water at any time, which is its chief defence, and is 27 miles S. E. of Dunkirk, and 12 N. W. of fi^ti^s, Lon. 2. 39. E Ur. 50. jS. N. , ,. VEN mana. Near the fea-coi(ls arc very WuH mountains, die tops of which are barren { but the lower parts in the valley are fertile, producing plenty of corn, rich p.irturei, fo* gar, tobacco, and fruits. There are a!fo plantations of chocoiatenuts, which areex- cce ling good, and j»old is found in thefandt of the livers. Thjy o.''tsn have two cropa of con in a year, and it is as populous and full cf towns as any province of- America, belonjjinj^ to the Sp,iniards. Maracaibo 19 the capital town. VcNEzu It t.A, a gulphor bay of S. Amfl- lica, in Terra Firma, which ccmmunicatea with the Lake Maracaibo, by a narrow (liair. * ViNGEONs, a town of France, in Normandy, and in the diocefe of Seez, aa aifo in the election of Mo taigne. V£Nic£, a city of Italy, and one of the mo(\ rich, celebrated, and confiderablo VENAjq_irij a town of Spain, in the I places in the world, and capital of a re« |tingdom of Arragon, in a valley of the fame public of the fame name, in the Dogado, flame, with 3 flrong caille, where a parri icn is peneially kept. It is featcd on the fiver Efl"ar,t, in a coumry producing good wine, and the river abounds in ex. client fronts. It .s 35 (T)iies£. ot Balbaflro. Lon. <>. 25. £. lat. 41. 5;^. N. V«Nc«, an ancitnt town of France, in |*rovence, on the confines of Piedmont, with a bifhop's feej 8 miles from the fea, ^nd 10 W, of Nice. Lon. 7. la.f. lat. 43. 43. N. VENnoMi.a confiderable town of France, in Qrleanoif, and in Beauce, capital of Ven- doofiois, with a college, and a Benedi^ine with a pattiarchaie and an univerfity. Ic '(\ands on 72 little iilands in the fea, accoid- ing to the common account. The hoiifes are built upon piles, and properly fpeaking, there is no flreei in the city, for the houfes aie all ere£ied on ciie lideft of canals. There is po pafFing through this city in a carriage, for vvliich reafon they make ufe of a fort of boats, called gondolas. Some of the canal; have a double key, as in Holland, for thofe tlsat walt< on foot, This renders the fitua- tion very advantage us ; becaufe this city being 4 or ; miles from the land, has n* need of walls or ramparts. It is alfo fa« abbey. It i.s feated on the river Loire, 30 vourahle to 'he ftngular neatnefs, which grilles N. E, of Tom s, and 95 S. W. of Pa* ^•js. Lon. I. 8..E. lat. 47. 47. N. • Vendomois, or the duchy of Ven - dome, a territory of France, in Orleanois, bounded on the N. by Dunoisj on the E Jjy B'aifois ; on the S. by Tourains ; and on the W by Maine. It is divided into t!;c Vpper and Lower, and produces all the ne- tSciTafies of life. * Venerie I^oyals, a pleafure houfe of tht, king of Saidinia, 3 rniiss fiom Tmin, bclwetn the rivers Po, Sturia, and Doiia. It is not cjiiite finiflied, but there aie fine V'sll's in tl:e garden, and the ch.ipc! is adorn- ed with rnaibleorall coloui.<:. Near it arc tlie hotifts of piivaie gentlemen, whi(l> fc-naftreet Lon. 7. 40 E lar. 45. 54. N. YiKi2vtLA, a province oJS. America, lying on a tudpli «f the fame name, 'and fbonr i;c miles in leng'h. It is bounded on fhe N. by the N. Sea ; on the S. by New-- Cranada ; on the W. by (he province of l^joode Hacha^ ^ndontheE. by that9fCu- predominates throughout the whole place, and in the houfes, and facilitates the car- riage of all forts of merchandizes, and goods irom one place to anotlief. It alfo has ita inconveniences, for they have no water, bwt what is brought a good way off in calks j and the canals in the funwner have an of- ftnfive fineil, TI.e fea water is not very proper to extintjuifli fires, for which rea- f, n they have no other way for put them out, but to blow up the Jioufes with gun* povider, when they are in flames, as foon as thf-y can. There are above 500 bridges over thefv' canals, the moft lanaous of which is that c.-Jled the Rialto. It is built abotst I he middle of the great canal, which divide! Venice into two parts. It is pf white mar- ble, and has but one arch, in wi'ich it« principal beauty conliHs ; and is QO feet from one extiemity to the other. On this bridge are two rows of fhops, which divide it in!o three (Greets ; the larjiert cf whitii is in the middle, fhe other bxidj^e cQnfift* e mar- ich it$ Qo feet !)n this divide whiftii V E N Mf of one arch, and h»ve no raits oti each fide. I hey have ftej.s to go up them, which are all of a coaife fort of marble. There aie in Venii.e 53 public fqua'es, Cmali and »,reat ; tiie piincipai of which is called St. Maik's Flace, and is the greatef) ornament to the city. St. Mark's church is at one end, anH that f f St. Geniiniani at the olher. Tlie Procuraties, wl.ich are n fort ol marble ilrufturu, v hole arcliitc^ure is very handTome and iep;litar, run along each fide, liaviri(^ i^rge pi^tczas under them. This fquare ii 280 paces in length, and 1 10 in breadth. That part ntxt the fea, is the walk o; the noble Venetians, and the place where feveral affairs are trr-nfailed. There are 150 |>alaces, the fineit of which is that of the doge, fronting St. Mark's Place. He lodges in the upper apartments, and thofe below arc for the affjmblies of the councils of ftate, with ti feparated by a canal, and is about 3 mites in circumference. It is fur- rounded with very high walls, and ftveral fmall towers, where there is a good guard. Iij thefe towers thjre aie bells, which the sentinels ting at the leafl appearance of (iangec. In thiaarfenal are arms for 100,000 ipen, as well horfe as foot ; beiides a, 000 cannons always ready Tor fervice, either by fea or land. There are near »,ooo work- men conllantly employed, whofe chief is called Amiragiio, and they are paid regularly •very Saturday. Thefe workmen coft the republic 500,000 ducats every year. In this city aie 70 churches, 39 monafteries, z3 nunneries, and 17 bofpitals. The ca- tliedral church Is that of St. Mark, in which they pretend to keep the body of St. Maik ^le Evangelifl. It is gloomy within, but its walls aie of marble, and the pillars of the front enciufled with jafper and por- phyry. There is alfo a library, in which are a number of Greek manufcripts, but iiDne of them above <;go years old. The number of tht; inhabitants are above 1 60,000; ^nd they have a fiourifliing trade in filk-ma- rufadtorits, bone lace, all forts of glafles and mirrours, which make their principal employmentSi The fons are generally of ^he fame bufinefs as the father. The hand- fome ftruflure called Il-Fontica de-Te- defchi, containing 500 rooms, is that where t,hc German meuh^nts lay their commodi- V E N tieit Tliere are two acadimiei of pafntinj* to whicii belong very llcilful niaf\eiii It in 71 miles li. by N. cf Mantua, 1 1 5 N. E. of Fioience, 140 E. of Milin. a 25 N. of Romcj and 300 N by W. of Naples. Lon. J2.25. E. lat. 45. 25. N. ViNicE, the republic of, a country 0^ Italy, which comprtherds 14 provinces,- namely, the Doirado, the I'^'luano, tha Vicentino, t' e Veronefe, the Brefcinnr', ;h« Bergomofco, the Cremafco, the Poltf:na-dl- Rovigo, the MarcaTrevigiana, the Feltrino* the Belluntfe, the CaHorino, F.iuli, and lf\ria 5 which fee in their proper places* In t!ie fourth century, when rtttila king of the Huns, called the Scou-ge of God, ra- vaged the N. part of Laiy 5 many of ihc in- habitants abandoned their country, and re- tired in;o the iflands of the Adriatic Set, As thefe iflands are near each other, the/ found means to join them together, by driv- ing piles on the fide of the canah, on which they built houfes, and thus the fuperb city of Venice had its hepinnine:. The i^overn* nient of the republic of Venice is aridocra* tic, for none can have any fhdtc in it but the nobles. Thefe may be divided into ftJt clafTes, namely, twelve cf tlie mod ancient famihes} lour families that in ?3o, fub- fciibtd to the building of the abhev ofSt« George ; thofe wliofe names were wrirten in the Golden Book in i;96 ; the families that were cnobled by the public in 13^5) tliofe that purchafed their nthiliy toi* iop,o6o ducats in 1646; and l.iAly, all iha Grangers wliich the Venetians have received into the number of their nobility. Any man of thefe families above 25 yean of age, has a right to be a member of the council, whether he' has any capacity of not. It generally confifls of about "J, s<^<>| and ihey are accounted great politician^ good negociators, and fecret evtn to a. fcra- ple. They alfo make a magnifi ent appear- , ance, fuitable to the dignity of their emp!oy* mtnt. The dose is eicfled by a plurality ' of voice?, and keeps his dignity for life, and they make ufe of gold ar.d filver bsli*^ whicIi are put in a veirel, and ferve for bal- loting. Thofe who draw nine golden batls^ firft eleft 40 counfellors, who draw twelve others. Thefe eleA 25 other counfellors^ who draw 9 golden balls. Thefe 9 eleft 40 counfellors, who draw 11. Thofe that have the 1 1, chufe4i counfellors, vi'ho pro- ceed to the eledlion, till 25 votes or mortf tall upon the fame perfon, who is then d«- cLired d( ge. After t.'iis ele£Vion they p'acS the ducal cnp on his head, opon which ha takes pofTeffion of the doge's palaCe. H* never uncovers his head to any perfon, bo- X i i i a cauHi f V E N cavfe he doei nat wear the cap in hU own \ name, but in that of the republic. When (here are any great folemnitiei, a nobleman carries the fword, which is an emblem of the fuprem authority ; but it is not before the doge, but before the fenate, to (hew that the power is lodged in them. The of> Ace of the doge is to give audience to all ambaflfadors } to marry the Adriatic Sea in the name of the republic, on Holy-Thurf- day ; to prefide in all aflTemblieg of the ftate ; to have an eye over all the members of the magiftracy ; and to nominate to all the be- nefices annexed to the church of St. Mark On the other hand, he it to determine no- thing without the confent of the council } he is not to open any letter addrefltid to the republic, or that comes from the republic ; he is not to receive any prefent ; he is not to leave the city without permifTion of the Aates ; he is not chufe an afllllant ; and he is rtever to refign his dignity. In fhort, he is a prifoner in the city, and out of it he is no more than a private pcrfon. There are four councils, the firft of which is com- pofed of the doge, and fix counfellors call- ed the Signioria. The fecond is the Con. Ifglio Giande, or Great Council, in which •II the nobles have a voice, and fitting. The third is the Configlio>dei-Pregadi,which is as it were, the foul of the republic, and confifts of about 150 of the nobility. The fourth is the Configlio-Proprio, whofe mem- bers are calledSaviiGrandi.oriheGreat Sages, which join to the Signioiia, and confifts of "a8 afTeiTors. This gives audience to the ambaffidors. The fifth and laft is II Col. legio-delli-dieci, and is compofed of 10 counfellors who take notice of all criminal matters, and the doge himfelf when accufed, is obliged to appear before them. There is ro appeal from this council, and it is a great misfortune to be cited before it. It is a kind of Aate inquifition, as fevere as that fur religion ; and they have a great number of fpies, who difcover not only what is done, but what is faid. As to religion, the Venetians are Roman CaihoHcs, and yet they tolerate the Greeks, Turks, and Per- ians. The Protel^ants are not allowed the free exercife of their religion ; but they are neither hated nor perfecuted, as in othet popidi countries. The head of the clergy is, the patriarch of Venice, who muft be a noble Venetian, and is alefled by the fe- nate. This patiiarch, in confequence of the policy of the fenate, has fcarce any |iower over the prieDs and monks, who are greatly corrupted. There is another pa- triarch belonging to Venice, whofe autho- rity extends over Friuli, lAria, and moft of V E K the bifliopi on Terra Firma. The tribv* nal of the inquifltion at Venice, is compofed of the pope's nuncio, the patriarch ol Ve» nice, and the father- inquifitor j but as thefe had need of a bridle, they have added thiee counfellors to the number, without whofe confent they can determine nothing. The clergy in general are ignorant, and yet thry are pretty good orators. When the diver- flons of the carnival are over, you hear no- thing but fermons about repentance, and they declaim very Arongly againft the vio- lators of the fixth commandment; how* ever, the breach of it is fo common, and fo much in fafliion, that the confefTors them- felves treat it as peccadillo. In times of peace, the Venetians generally keep an army of 16,000 regular troops, and 10,000 militia. On the fea they have always a fmall fleet compofed of a few men of war, frigates, and galleys, which convoy the (hips defigned for the Levant, and cover the harbour of Corfu. There are alfo fix gal- leys, with a few galliots or brigantines, to oppofe the corfairs which cruife on their ooafts. In time of war they raife as many troops as they have occafion for, and are fond of taking Germans in'o their pay. Theirfamous carnival begins on New-years- day, and continues till AHi- Wednefday ; all which time is employed m fports and diveifions. Then there is fcarce any dif- tinAion betwixt vice and virtue; for liber- tinlfm reigns through the city, and there are thoufands of ftrangers frequent ii from all parts of Europe. They all appear in mafques, which no one dares venture to take off, and in this difguife they imitate the fury of the ancient Bacchanals; and the nearer Afh-Wednefday approaches, the more mad they are. The principal fpotof the mafquerade is St. Mark's Place, where there are fometimes 15,000 people ; and it fwarms with harlequins, jef^er^, mounte- banks, rope-dancers, and puppet-(how8. Even the priei^s and monks enjoy the diver- iion of the carnival ; and they may keep concubines at other times, fing upon the (lajte, and take what liberties they pleafe, provided they do not meddle with the go- vernment. The nuns do the fame, and lead diffolute lives; nor can the patriarch restrain them, for he attempted it once, but the fenate interpofed, and obliged him to defift. Vf.nio, a ftrong town of the United Provinces, in Guelderland and in the quar- ter of Ruremond, formerly in alliance with the Hanfiatic towns, till taken by Charles V. in I 543. It was under the dominion of the Spaniards till 1702, when the Allies took took It bitantsi lies, anc where t on the which It is 15 35 N. nama United quar« I with linion Allies took V E R tnok U for the Statet'Ccneral. The Inha- bitants are for the moft part Roman Catho lies, and it ii Teated on tlie river Maefe, where there is i commodious harbour, and on the other flde ol it is Fort St. IVlichael, which ferves for the defence of the town. It is 1$ miles N. E. of Ruremond, and 3 5 N. W. of Juliers. Lon. 6. 5. £. let. 5 1 . 15. N. ViNOiA, atown of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, and in the Bafilicata, with a bifhop's fee } feated on a fertile plain at the foot of the Appennines, it miles N. W. of Acerenza, and 80 N. E. of Naples. Lon. 15. 57. E. lat. 40. ^4. N. Vbnta-di-Ciuz, a town of S. Ame- rica, in Terra Firma, and on the ifthmus of Darien. Here the Spaniards embark their merchandize, on the river Chagre, which they fend from Panama to Porto •Bcllo. Lon. 79. o. W. lat. 9. so. N. * VsNTADOUR, a caAIe ofFrance, in Limofin, with the title of a duke and peer, created in r459« VZNTIMIGLIA. See VlNTIMlOLlA. Vera, an ancient town of Spain, in the kingdom of Granada, and on the confines of the kingdom of MMrcia, with a biHiop's fee, and a harbour. It is feated on the fea- fide, 95 miles N. £. of Almeria, and ^5 S. W. of Carthagena. Lon. i. 11. W> lar. 36. 4a. N. VfRA-Cawf, a Tea port town of North- America, in New- Spain, with a well fre- quented harbour, on the coaft of the gulph of Mexico, whofe entrance is defended by a fort. Here the Flotilla arrive annually from Spain, to receive the produce of the gold and filver mines of Mexico. They hold a fair here annually, for the rich merchandifcs brought from China, and the £. Indies, as well asthofe of Europe. It is furrounded with a wall of no great Arength ; and the air is fo unhealthy here, that when the fair is over, there are few inhabitants, befides Mulattoes and Blacks. There are fuch crowds of Spaniards frum all parts of Ame- rica, that they erefl tents for them while the fair lafts. The ufual garrifon confins only of a troop of 60 liorfe, and two regi- ments of foot. This place is famous on ac- count of the landing of Ferdinando Cortez, with 50S Spaniards, when he undertook the conquefl of Mexico. It is zoo miles S. E. of Mexico. Lon. loz. 35, W. lat. 19. 10. N. Vexagva, a province of N. Anierlca, in New-Spain ; bounded on the E. by that of Cofta-Ricca ; on the W. by that of Fa- siama ; on the E. by the Gulph of Panama ; and on the S« by the S. Sea. z It is about V E R it$ mltei in length, and 40 in krcatfifa^ and is a mountainous and bar^ren cuunt' y, ihoujch there is a good deal of gold and 11« ver got from thence. It was difcovered by Chridophcr Columbus, in 1501. Concep* tion is the capital town. * Vkb a-Pab, a province of N. Amcfi* ca, in New- Spain j bounded on the N. bf Yucatan ) on the E. by Honduras, and tlw province of Guatimala { on the S. by So> conufco ) and on the W. by Chiapa. It ia about 88 miles In length, and at much Ua breadth, and Is full of dreadful mountakN« and thick foreAs j and yet there are many fertile valleys, which feed a great number of horfes and mules. There arc alfo inaay towns and villages of the native Aaneri- cans. The capital town is of the famo nam'' and has a biQiop's fee, but it is in- conflderable. It is 1 80 miles E. of Guati* mala. Lon. 103.0. W. lat. 15. 6.11. * VxRBKRit, an ancient town of \Sm ide of France, and in the duchy of Valoii^ feated on the river Oife j there have been five councils held here. It is 10 miles M* E. of Senlis. Lon. a. 51. £. lat* 50. ji* N. V B a c e L I , an ancient, handfome, AroAg^ and confiderable town of Italy, in Pied- mont, and capital of a lordfbip of the fame name, with a bifhop's fee. It was fofl* merly a fortrefs of importance ; but whea the French became mafters of it in 1704^^ they ruined moft of the works. The towii- houfe, the governor's palace, and the hoT*. pital, a:e very handfome ftru£tures. it is, feated at the confluence of the rivers Se^Ti*. andCerva, and is now defended by 14 re- gular baflions, a citadel, and a caftle. It i« TO miles N. W. of Cafal, and 35 N< E. of Turin. Lon. 6. 14. E. lat. 45. 31. N. Vkrd-Cafi, a promontory on the W. coaft of Africa, 4; miles N. W. of the moutU of the river Gambia. Lon. 1 7. 49. W. lat. 15.0, VcRD, the iflands of Cape de Verd are feated on the Atlantic Ocean, about 400. miles W. thereof. They are between tlia> 1 3th and 19th degrees of latitude, and th«. principal are 10 in number, lying in a-femi-. circle. Their names are St. Anthony, St. Vincent, St. Lucia, St. Nicholas, theifleoC Sal, Bona Vifta, Mayo, St. Jago, Fuego« and Brava, which fee in their places. Verdun, an ancient, flrong, and ccn(t« dernble town of France, in Lorrain, and ca* pital of the Verdunois, with a bi(hop*sfee, the title of a principality, and a ftrong ci- tadel. It was formerly a free and imperial city, divided into the Upper and Lower towns, and is a plas;e of importance, for the 1 . 1 'Hi m . V E R ♦^e defence of Ctumparne. The wlp''^ •re fo ftronn here, thai ihey rfurft rot lai^ the cathedral ro a propoitionaKle hci^lit j hut it >• remarkable for it« leng'h, its two choitt, and its four fteeplci. There arc fc Veral ahhey>, cc>IIe(;iate, and parifltcs chur- ches) and (lie m>>n curious Aru^ures be- IIHea, arc ihe birtiop's fialsce, t'le town- houfe, and the J-fuits cbllegc. The in- habitants are noted fur the fine fwect-meats they m;>kc. It is featcd on the river Macfc, which runs throutih the middle, 41 mites S. W. of Luxemhure;, and 1 50 C. of Paris. Lon. 5. «7. E. lat. 49 g. N. • VsaouN, a fma!I town of France, in V E R hifKop's Cte, three forts, and an academy* it is furrouiided with thick walls, very deep ditdcs, and good rampaits. The flreett are neithcrclcan, nor Ai.iit } but there is a handfome place called the I'iazza d'Armii in wiii.h is a matblc (latue, rcprefcnting the republic of Venice. The bilhv p and k^overnor of tlie town have fupcrb palaces, hut not fo ma(^nificent as that of coun< Mafl';:!. The town-licufe and the opcra- houfe, ae worthy of no ice 5 but the mo(k rcmaiUahlc Aiudluie in this city, is thean« cient amj-hithcatie built by the Romans, in which there are 44 rcws of feais, or benches, of white ma:blc, which will con- Burgundy, feated at the confluence of tlie venicnily hold above 15,000 peifons. In rivers Deux and Soane. Lon. 3. 57. E. lat 46. 51. N. There is another of the fame name in Armagnac, feated on the river Ga- ronne, 21 miles N. W. of Touloufe. Lon. J, so. E.Iat. 43. 54. N. • Vt R FEU It, a town of France, in Up- ]^r Languedoc, and in the dioccfe of Tou- iDufe. V« «MAN^oIS, a territory of France, in Picardjr ; bounded on (he N. by Cambrefis ; on the E. by Thierache j on tl e S. by Noy- onois ; and on the W. by Santerre. It abounds in corn, and excellent flax ; St. Quintin is the capital. • VraMANTON, a town of France, in Burgundy, and in the Auxerrois, feated on the tiver Cure, 10 miles S. E. of Auxerre> l.on. 3. 43. E. lat. 47. 4t. N. Vernbu It, a town of Fiance, in Nor- mandy, and in the diocefe of F.vre\ix, on the frontiers of Perche ; ftatcd on the liver Aure, «« miles S. W. of Evreux, and 65 S.W. of Paris. Lon. i, o. E. lat. 4S. 44. K. • There is another town of the fame same, in Bourbonnois, 3 miles from the river Allier, and 15 from Moulins. Lon. 3. 15. E. lat. 46. 1 8 N. Vr. R N ON, a handfcme and populous town cf France, in Normandy, and in the diocefe of Evreux, with an ancient caAle, and a fortrefs at the end of the bi idi',e, over the Seine, on which this place Is feated, 27 miles S. E. of Rouen, and 44 N. W.of Pa-- rts. Lon. 1, 32. E. lat. 49. 6. N. V«Roti, an ancient town of Italv, in the Campagna of Rome, with a bifhop's fee. It is a fmall but populous place, feated on the river Cofa, at the foot of the Appeii- (tines, on the frontiers of the kingdom of Naples, 47 miles S. E, of Rome. Lon. 13. 39 £. lat. 41. 40. N. VtRONA, a large, ancient, ftrone, and famous town of Italy, in the republic of Venice, and capita) of the Veronefe, with a the cathedral is a magnificent tomb of pops Lucius III. It is fea'ed on the river Adige, on which they tranfpoit merchandizes to Venice. This river divides it into two p^rts, which communicates by two hand* fome bridges built over it. It is 17 miles N. E, of Mantua, and 6j S. W. of Venite, Lori. 10. 57. E. lat. 45. 24. N. • VfRONESf, a territory of Italy, in the republic of Venice } bounded on the N. by the Trentino, on the E. by the Viccn- tino, and Paduano ; on the S. by the Man* tuano ; and on the W. by the Brefciano. It is about 35 miles in length, and 27 in breadth, and is one of the moft fertile coun- tries in Italy, abounding in corn, \vinc, fruits, and cattle. • VRRON]s,a confiderable town of ih« RufTun empire, in the duchy of Reznn, feated on a mountain, near a river cf the fame name, wiiich a little lower lalU into the Don. Lin. 42. 29. E. lat. 53. 15. N. Versailles, a town cf France, in the ifle of France, 10 miles S. W. of Paris. It was formerly a village, and of litilc note, till Lewis XIV. built a magnificent palace hete, which is the ufual refulcnci; of the kings of Fr.-mce. The buildings, and the f;ardcns, are adorned with a vaft number of flalues, done by tlse greatefl maAeis, and the water-woiks are ;ill worthy of admira- tion. The great gallery is thought to be as curiousa piece of workmanfhip of that kind, as any in the world ; nor is the chapel lefs to be admired for its fine architedlure and ornaments. The gardens with the park, are Ave miles in circumference, and furround- ed with walls. There are three fine avenues to Verfailles, one of which is the common road to Paris, the other comes from Seaux, and the third from St. Cloud. Lon. z. 12. £. lat. 48. 48. N. • VzRgiLLAc, a town of France, in Berry, and in the cleAion of Blanc. • V«KT»vix., a town of France, in the diooefs V E S ^fflceFe of Bourdeaux, with an Augudine •bb«y. • Vehtui, a town of France, in Charn- pagne, with two abbeys } fca>cd on a \>\i\n •t the foot or a mountain, on wliio't tlurc are vineyaidt, producing very gond wines, 15 miles S W. of Chaloni, and 7» N. E. et Pacis. Lon. j. 5. E la:. \i. 54. N. Vkbuk, or V»!B II u A, a town of Italy, In Piedmont, and intlie county ot" Arti. I. wan btfiegtd by the French in 1705, who did not carry it till after fix montlu, when it was reluced to a heap of ruins, he^aufe the commander had blown u;) all the l'( r tilications. It was afterwards re.'lorcd to the duke of Savoy, It is feated on a hill rear the river Po, 17 miles S. W. of Cafal, and 10 N. E. of Turin. Lon. 8. 6. E. lat, 45. VN • Vervic, a town of tt'.e Netherlands, in Flanders, and in the chatcllanie of Vpres. It was formerly pretty confiderable, but it lias been almoft ruined by the wars. • VcRViERS, a town of the Nether- lands, in the bifhoprick of Litigf, on the confines of the dujhy of Limbu g, feated on the rivrr Weze. • Veh viNs, a town of France, in Up- per Picaidy, feated on t'le river Scne, 1 10 miles from Paris. Lon. 4. o. E. lat, 41), 50. N, • Verzat, a town of France, in Limo- fin, and in the diocefe of Limoges, with the title of a county, • VesELiz, a town of France, in Lor- rain, and capital of the county ofVaude- mont ; feated on the river Brenon, 15 miles S. W, of Nanci, and i6z S. E. ot Paris. Lon. 6. 10. E, lat. 48. 26. N. • Vesley, a town of France, in Solf- fonnois, in the government of the ifle of France; feated on the river Aiflie, to miles from Soiffons, Lon. 3. 40. E. lat. 49. 25. N. Vesoul, a town of France, in the Franche Comte, with a Jefuits college, and wa? formerly very confiderable, till it was ruined by the war s. It is feated at the fcot of a mountain, near the river Dourgeon, 22 miles N. of Benfanzon, and aco S. £. of Paris. Lon. 5. 15. E. lat. 47, 38. N. Vesprin, or Weisbrain, a ftrong and populous town of Lower Hungary, and capital of a county of the fame name, with a caftle, and a bifhop's fee ; whofe bifhop is chancellor to the queen of Hungary, and has a right to crown her. It is not a large place, hut well fortified, and feated on the Lake Balaton, at the mouth of the river Sarwife, ^o miles S. W. of Strigonia, and S3S. £. of Vienllent red and wl.ite wine, j this l.ittur ij caiUd Grtck wine, and tiie rc4 L4(;hrvnK Chriili. It u 6 miles E. ot Na* pics, ^liic!i has Keen fo ifftdtcd v. ith foma of t! c ttrrihle iiiUf)lii>nn, that it has heea dark at nuon-day. Lun. 15. o. £. lat. 41* o. N. * Vevay, a handr " and connJeiabla town ofSwilTciland, i ipi^alofa baiii* wick of the fame na. t, in the canton of B;;riie, with a harbour on the l.tke of Ge- ne v,i, on which it is feated, 37 miles S« W. of Derne. Lon. 7. la. E. lat. 46. 10, N. * ViuDRi, a town of France, in Bour- bnnois, and in the elc£lion of Moulini, feated or) tlie river Allier, 17 milci from that city. Vkxin, a territory of France, with tho ■itle of ^ county, divided into French Vex- in, and Norin.ind Vexin, which lafl is a very fruitful country. Thefo two parts are feparated from each other, by the river Epte. The former is in the ifle of France. * Vevn i:s, a town of Fiance, in Daq* phiny, and in the Gapemois. Vezel AY, a town of France, inOrlea* nois, duchy of Nivernois, and diocefe of Autun, with a fecular abbey. It is feated on the top of a mountain, near the river Cure, 20 milts S, of Auxerrc, and 117 S* by E. of Paris. Lon. 3. 50. E. lat. 47. a8« N. * Uffculmc, a village in Devonfhire* 5 miles S.W. of Wellington, with 3 fairs, on Wednefday before Good-Friday, July 9, and Auguft la, for cattle. Ugento, a town of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, and in Terra -d'Otranto, with a b!(hop''s fee. It is a fmall place, but full of people, 'and is S miles W. ot AlefTano, and 20 S. W. ofOtranto. * Ur,oc7., a caftle in Upper Hungary, with a fniall town, which is the chief place of a country of the fame name, feated on » fmall liver that falls into the NiefTe, 1$ miles N. of Zatmar. Lon. 19. 12. £. lat. 48. 28. N. UooGNA,a town of Italy, in the duchf of Milan, and in the county of Angueira, belonging to the bcvfe of Auftria j feated j r'lMl rill 'i i '•U VIC W the river Tofa, 17 mi!e» N. W. of Arona, and 55 N. W. eC Milan. Lon 8. ft5.E. lat. 45. 35. N. ViADAMA, » town of Italy, in (he du- ch; of Mantua, on the confines of the Ci e- monefe, 8 miles N. of Parma, and 1 7 S. of Mantua. It is feated on the river Po, and /ubjedl to the houfe of Auftria. Lon. 10. %6. E. lat. 44. 56. N. ViANA, a town of Spain, in the king* <)om of Navarre, and capital of the princt- patrty of Viana ; f;;ated near the river Ebro, % miles S. of Logrono, and 46 S. W. of Fami>eluna. Lon. a. t, W. lat. 42. 30. N. Viana, t town of Portugal, in the pro- llnceof Entre-Minhooe-Douro, feated at the Month of the river Lima, 1 5 miles W. of Braga, and 36 N. of Oporto. It has a good harbour defended by a fort, and is a pretty coflrfiderable place. Lon. 9. 15. W. lat. 41. 40- N. VrANDtN, a town of the Aoftr ^'e- Cherlands, in the duchy of Loxemburt;, and capital of a county of the fame name. It it divided into two towns by the river €hr ; in the one is a caftle built on an inac- ceifible mountain, where there always is a ^rifon. It is tz miles N. of Luxemburg, and xs K. W. of Triers. Lon. 6. 13. £. Iftt. 49. 58. N. • ViAMC, or ViAMA, a town of the ITnhed Provinces, in Holland, feated on tne river Leek, on the confines of the lordfliip «>f ITtrecht, wKh a nugitificent caftle, 8 milet S. of Ctrecht. It was taken by the Ffetichin 167a, v»bo demolifhed the foiti ficattons. Lon. 4. o. £. lat. 51. x. N. • ViATKA, or WiATKA, a tovim ©f tfre KvHUn empire, and capital of a pro- vince of tlwfame name, in Mufcovtte Tar- ttrff wkh a bi(hop*8 fee, and a fortified ca- fffe to defend it fron the incurfions of the Tartars. It is feated on a fmall river that lalls into that called the Viaika, 100 miles K. ofGafim. Lon. 51. 15. E. lat. s'* Sj. K. • ViAT*A, a province of the Ruffiat empire, in Mufcovite Tartary, with the title of a' duchy. It is bdunrled on the N. by i^ermia ; on the E. By Sloetka| on the S, by the kingdom of Cafan; and on the W. 1^ the territory of the CzermiflTes, aid by the forelt of Zaranni. It takes its name #o'm the river Viatka, which runs through it: The capital town is of the fame name. •"Vi BR A IS, a town of France, in Maine, arrd in the election of Charteau dU'Loir, fcated on' the river firais, with the title of a mrtiquifate. •'Vic, a tbwri of France, in Lorrain, and in the terri^ory of Mefiin j feated on m - VIC the river Sellle, 5 miles below Marfal, and 197 E.6f Paris. Lon, 6, 38. E. lat. 48. 47. N. Vic,atownofSpain, in Catalonia, with a bifhop's fee. It was formerly much more confiderable than it is at prefent ; however, it flill contains handfome buildings, And the cathedral church is adorned with a very fine portico, fupporled by Urge pillars j and the market-piace is very fpacious. It is feated in a fertile plain, on a fmall river that falls into the Tar, 17 miles N. E, of Barcelona, and 265 N. E. of Madrid. Lon, z. «3. £. Iat.41. $«.N. VicEGR AD, or ViZEGKAO, a fmall but ftrong town of Lower Hungary,, with a ca- Me on the top of a rock, where the kings of Hungary formerly refided. It is feated on the S. fide of the river Danube, 8 miles S. E. of Gran, and so N. of Buda. It was in polTeirion of the Turks in 1684, when the Auftrians took itfromthem. Lon. 19. 13 E. lat. 47. 36. N. VictNTiMo, a territory of Italy, be- longing to the -Venetians ; bounded on the N. by Trentino and Feltrino j on the £. by Trevifano and Paduano } on the S. by Paduano } and on the W. by the Veronefe ; being about 35 miles ir. length, and S7 in breadth. It is a very pleafant and fertile country, abounding in game, and is called the garden of Venice. The wine is excel* lenty and the butter and cheefe very good } here are alfo great numbers of mulberry- trees, which ferve to nouiifli filk worms, and there are mines 01 (ilver and iron, and quarries of ftone, almoft as fine as marble. The inhabitants are faid to be more revenge* ful than other Italians, and are about 1 60,000 in number. ^ Vjc • BN -Tarlades, a town of France, in Auvergne, feated on the river Cure, and the chief place of the county oC Tarlades, remarkable for its mineral wa* ters. ViexMSA, a large, ftrong, and flourifh* ing town of Italy, m the republic of Ve- nice, and capital of Vicentino, with a bi- (hop's fee. It is without the walls, but a large place, aflorned with feveral palaces, and has a fine fquare, furrounded with piaz- zas under the houfes. There are alfo feve-c rat other fquares, and fine churches ; it is in general an agreeable place. There is an academy, whofe members meet in the Olym- pic theatre, a maOer- piece of workmanfhip by Paladio. It is feated betw' a the rivers Aachigfione and Herone, and two moun* tains, in a fertile plain, abounding in all things. It is so miles N. E. of Padua, 37 W. of Venice, and 135 N. of Rome. Lon. V i E V 1 1 ourifh* of Ve- a bt- bui a >alace8, th piaz- b fcve-^ } kit re is an Olym- (lanftiip e rivers moun* in ati ua, 37 Lon. ti. 33. E. lat. 45. 3». M. * Vic-Fezensac, a townof France, in Lower Armaisnac, feated on the river Douze, whidi gives its name to the county of Fe« Senfac. * Vic HI, a town of France, in Bour- bonnois, feated on the river Allier, and fa- mous for the mineral waters near it. It is 15 miles S. E. of Gannar, and 180 S. by £. of Paris. Lon. 3. 32. E. lat. 46. o. N. * Vicsio, a town of Italy, in the king- dom of Naples, and in the Terradi-Lavoro, Seated -near .he fca, with a bi(ho|>'8 fee. It was almoft ruined by an earthquake in 1694, for there were but 40 houfei> left. * Vic-LK-CoMPTE, a town of Fiance^ in Lower Ativergne, with a palace where formerly the counts of Auvergne refided, and about a mile from it ar« mineral fprings. It is feated near the river ^Toar, 1 5 mites S. E. of Clermont, and S30 S^ of Paris, Lon. 3. 33. £. lat. 45. 33. N. VicovARO, a town of Italy, in the |}ope*s territories, and in the province of Sabina, with the title of a principality } teated near the river Tiverona, i miles E. of Tivoli, and 40 N. E. of Rome. Lon. 13. 5j. £. lat. 4x. 6. N. • VIC TO IRE, St. a town of France, in Guiectne, and in Agenois. • VicTOE-EN Caux, St. a town of France, in Normand/t and in the territory of Caux, with a BencdiAine abbey. VioBN, a town of Tuiky in Europe, and in Bulgaria, with an archbifhop's fee. tt is a fortified place, where a fangiaok re- fides ; has been often taken and retaken, by the Turks and Impeiialifts, and is feated on the Danube, S8 miles N. E. of Niflfa, land 158 S. E. of Belgrade. Lon. 34. 17. £. lar. 44. 6. N. • ViDOOiiLV, a river of France, in Lower Languedoc, which runs to Scmmiers and Lunel, and enters the Lake of Theau, near Aigues Mortes. Vienna, the capital city of the circle of Auftria, in Germany, and of the whole iCjerman empire, whcie the emperor re- fides. The city itfelf is not very large, but the fttburbs are f'o extenlive, that in the whole it may contain about 600,0000 inha^ bitants. Between the city and the fuburbs, all round the walls, there is an empty fpace labout 600 paces in breadth, in whicti no one is allowed to build. The city'contair.s no more than 1,223 houfes, all built of Aontr, with 29 churches, and 8 c^iapels. This Is no wonder, when we confuier, that the public buildings, as well facred as pro- phane, take up about the fixth part of the city, ficlides, the houfes are alraoft as itleep below the ground, as they are high above. Add to this, that t'lcy are gene- rally 6 or 7 ftories high, and that the mid- dle ftory IS always at the difpofal of th« archduchefs, wherein (he lodges Itt officers, and domeftics, when theifc is no» room for them in the palace. TMs city has fix gate* well diifended, and ii walled ba'^icns, with ftrong ravelines, which have twice re- fifted the force of the Turks, namely in 1518, and 1683. There are 80 ftreets, and 18 large market places. The emperor Charles Vi. rebuilt the ancient archducal palace, wherein the emperors formerly re- fided ; he alfo erected a handfome opera- houfe. Belides this paKice, there are others in diffetent ftreets, the principal of wljich are thofe of Eugene, LichtenOein, and! Daun. In the fubutbs there are a great number of houfes of pleafUie, with very handfome gardens. The cathedral is built with Iree ftone, and is i r4 yards long, and 48 broad, and the fteeple is 447 feet high. In the room of a weather cock, there was a Turki(h crefcent, in memory of the fiege in 1589; but after the fccond fiege, in 1663, they changed it for a eoHen crofs, which three months after was thrown down by a ftorm. At prefent there is a black fpread eagle, over which is a gilried crofs. Joining in this cliurch is the arch- btlhop's palace, whofe front is very fin*. The univerfity has a head called a redlor, who walks in procefflons immediately be- fore the archduchefs, unlefs he be a Jefuit. It had feveral thoufand ftudenrs, who when this city was beficged, mounted guard as they did in 1741. B .fides this, there is the academy of Lower Auftria, founded a few years ftnce, and the aichducal library is much frequented by foreigners, as it con- tains above 100,000 printed books, and 10,000 manufcripts. Diofcorides in Greek, with very large letters, is one of the moft ancient in Europe: it is now in a large hall of the new academy. The academy of painting is remarkable for the fine piflures it produces. Theie are alfo two remark- able columns, of which one is called the con- ception of the immaculate Virgin, and the other St. Trinity, which coft 300,000 flo- rins. It is 66 feet high, in the form of • triangular pyramid, on the top of which are three figures of gilt bronze, reprefenting the Trinity. The arcliducal treafury, and a cabinet of curii^fities of ihe houfe of Au- ftria, are as great rarities as any in the wc rid. Leo;joldftadt is one of the fubuibs, and leatf-d on an iftand, formed by the Danube ; here the Jews dwelt formerlyj but ihey were baniihed in 1670, and the fynsgo^tue K. k k k turned V 1 B turned into a church. That of RolTau is dn \ an archbil^op^t Are. the other fide of the Danube, having; a mag- nificent convent, feveral palaces^ and very handfome garijlens. Jofephftadt was built by the emperor Jofeph, where the fathers of the fchoolsof pieiy have a very fine houfe, and where feveral nob)emen have built houfes of pleafure. Newftadt belongs to I L It the Benedictines ; and as the fathers of this convent are very humane, to the inhabitants, there are now about 40,000 therein ; many perfonsof dillindlion pafsthe fummer here. The great fuburb called Weyden, is feated to the E. and contains a handfome church, and feveral fine palaces. There are two or thrte others, which are adorned in like manner. The inhabitants in general live in a fplendid manner, and people of diHinc- tion have all forts of wines at their tables, which they are very free with to Grangers. There is a fort of a harbour on the Danube, where there are magazines of naval flores, and fhips are fitted out toferve on that river againft the Turks. It is feated at the place where the river Vienna, or Wien, falls into the Danube, 3a miles W. of Prefburg, 180 S. W. of Cracow, 360 N. E. of Rome, 550 S. E. of Amderdam, 625 S. E. of Paris, and 750 S. E. of London. It is an archbi> fliop's fee. Lon. 16. 57. E. lat, 48. 14. N. ViKNNE, a very ancient and confider* able town of France, in Lower Dauphiny, pnd capital of Viennois, with an archbi- fliup^s fee. The cathedral, tho* a Gothic building, is very handfome, and there is a chapter of St. Peter, whofe canons mufl prove their nobility. It is feated on the river Rhone, 15 miles S. of Lyons, and %6$ S. E. of Paris. Lon. 4. 55. £. lat. 45 3»- N. • ViiNNE, a river of France, which rifes in Lower LimoAn, palTes in(o Marche and Poitou, and falls into the Loire at Cande. • ViENNois, a territory of France, in Dauphiny } bounded on the N. by BrefTe and Buuey, from which it is feparated by the river Rhone ; on the E. by Savoy ; on the S. by Valentinois ) and on the W. by the Rhone. Vienne ic the capital town. •ViERARDBN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and in the Maiche of Brandenburg, feated on the river VeHe, at its confluence with the Oder. • ViERZON, a town of France, in Berri, feated on the rivers Cher and Eure, in the mo(\ pleafant and moft fertile part of the province, 17 miles N. W. of Bourges, an'd 200 S.\W. of Paris. Lon 1. 8. E. lat. 47 IX. N. VicsTi, a town of Italy, in the kihg- 4cm of Naples, and in thw Capitanata, witl it feated on t1i6 gulph of Venice, in the place called the Spur of the Boot, and at the foot of Mount Gargen. It is a poor fmall phce, and thirt of people, and is 15 Mniles N. E. of M^nfre- donia, and 117 N. E. of Naplesk Lon. 16. 20. E. lat. 41* 58. N. * VicAV, a town of France, ih Lan- guedo:, and in the diocefe of Alaiz. * VjGEOis, a town of France, inlfimo- fin, and in the cleQion of Brives, feated near the river Vezere, with a BenediAine abbey. ViCEVANo, a town of Itary, in the duchy of Milan, and capital of the Vige- nafco, with a bifhop*s fee, and a ftrong ca- file, feated on a rock. It was formerly the refidence of the dukes of Milan, and is feated near the river Teifin, 12 miles S. E. of Novara, and 15 S. W. of Milan. Lon. 8. 49. £. lat. 45. 18. ViGNAMONT, a town of Germany, in the bifhoprick of Liege, a miles N. of Huy. Lon. 5. 0. E. lat. 50. 36. N. Vigo, a town of Spain, in the kingdon^ of Galicia, with an old caftle, a fort, and a good harbour. The town is furrounded with a fingle wall, that has four baQions, but is incapable of fuflaining a long fiege. The haibour is remarkable for a fea-figHc between Sir George Rook, commander of the Englifh and Dutch fleets, and a fqua- dron of French men of war, with 13 Spa- nifh galleons under their convoy. Admiral Hopfon broke through the boom laid a-ciofs the mouth of the harbour, and the Engliih took four g.illeons, and five men of war, and the Dutch five galleons, and one large man of war. Fourteen men of war and four galleons were deflroyed, with a great quantity of plate and other rich effects. However, a great deal of filver was taken, though a great part of it was carried on fho^e, before the engagement in October 1702. Befides, it muA not be forgot, that while tliis was doing, the dukeof Oimond, with a body of land-foices, drove the Spa- niarrls from the caftles which defended the harbour. It is feated on the Atlantic Ocean, 8 miles S. W. of Redondella, 12 N. W. of Tuy, and 105 N. W. of Madrid. Lon. 8. 21. W. lat. 42. 3. N. • ViHERS, a town of France, in Arij.iu, where they carry on a great trade in cattle} feated on a lake, 20 miles S. of Angle's, and 162 S. W. of Paris. Lon. o. 29. W. lat. 47. 8. N. * VitAiNE, a river of Francp, which has its fource in Maine, and falls into the fea, over-againfl the ifle of May. Villa BoHlM, » town of Portugal, in V I L Apj.iu, cattle) tngieis, tg. W. the province of Alentejo, lo miles S. W. of £lvas. Lon. 8. zj. W. lat 38. 39. N. Vi L L A c , a handfome town of Germany, in the circle of Auftria, and duchy of Ca- rinthia, belonging to the biOiop of Bambere, with a caAIe ; and whofe inhabitants carry on a great trade with the Venetians. Near it are the baths of Toplit?, and it is feated at the confluence of the rivers Drave and Geil, in a country furrounded with dread- ful mountains, iz miles S. £. of Clagenfurt, and 88 N. £. of Brixen. Lon. 13. 49 £. lat. 46. 50. N. • Villa-deConde, a town of Portu- gal, in the province of Entie-Douro-eMin ho, with a fmall harhour at the mouih of the river Ava, 10 miles £. of Barcelos, and 17 N. W. of Porto. Lon". 8. 13. W, lat. 41. iz. N. • ViLLA-DE-MosK, » townof N. Ame- rica, in New-Spain, and in the government of Tabafco, feated on a river of the fame name, 30 miles from the fea. ViLLA-DEL-lleY, a town of Spain, in Eftremadura, on the frontiers of Portugal, taken by the Allies in 1706. It is feated on the river Guadiana, 17 miles N. VV. of Badajoz, and 20 E. of Campo-Mayor. Lon 5. 55- W. lat. 38. 53. N. • V11.LA Flor, a har'Tome, but fmall town of Portugal, in the province of Tra- los-Montes, be:ween Mirandela and Torre- de-Moncorvo, defended by a caftle on a mountain. ViLLA-FRANCA,a (ci- pott towH of Ita- ly, in Piedmont, and in the county of Nice, 'mih a harbour defended by a caMe, and the fort Mont Alban. The king of Sardinia augmented the fortifications in 1744; but it was taken by an army of French and Spa- niards, the fame year j though afterwards reflored. His galleys were formerly in fafsty in this harbour. It is 3 miles E. of Nice, and 40 S. of Coni. Lon. 7. 8. £, lit. 43. 45. N. Viila-Fr ANCA, atown of Italy, in the territory of Venice, and in the Veronefe, with a filk manufadlory } lo miles S. of Verona, Lon. 11. 8. £. lat. 45. 16. N. Villa-Fr ANCA, a capital town of the iiland of St. Michael, one of the Azores, or weflern idands, lying on the Atlantic Ocean, «nd fubjedl to the Portuguefe. Lon. 25. 35. W. lat. 38. o. N. Villa-Fr ANCA, a town of Spain, in EAremadura, feated on the river Tormes, 54 milrs S. £■ of Saiamancai Lon. 5. i6u W. lat. 40. 30. N. Villa-Fr ANCA>DE Pan ades, ahand- fome town of Spain, in Catalonia, and ca- pital of a viguerict U is a handfome place, , V I L furrounded with walls, and feated near the Mediterranean Sea, ii miles N. E. of Tar- ragona, and ig W. of Barcelona. Lon. i. 45. E. lat. 41, ao. N. * i'> :. • Villa-Hermosa, a town 0^ Spain, in the kingdom of Valencia, near the ri»er Millas, with the title of a duchy, 52 jntles N. W. of Valencia. Lon. o. 15. W. lat. 40. «o. N. • Villa-Nova, a town of Portugal, in the pruv 'nee of Entre-Douro e-Minho, feat- ed 01. thr river Douro, over againft Porto, on wi.'-.'i it depends. It is but fmall, tho' defended by feveral forts. Lon, 8. i . W. lat. 41. o. N. • ViLLA-NovA-D'.AsTf, of Piedmrnr, in the county of Afli, 10 miles E. of I uiih. Lon. 7. 57. E. lat. 44. 50. N. • Villa-Panda, a town of Spam, in the kingdom of Leon, with a well furr.inied arfenal, and a fuperb palace, belcrgmg to the conllables of CaAile. It is feated in a pleafant plain, fertile in corn and wine, ix miles from Toro. Lon. 4. 49. W. lat. 4!. 43. N. • ViLLARDONNEi, a town of F'ancr, in Languedoc, and in the diocefe of Carcaf- fonne. Villa-Real, a town of Portugal, in the province of Tralos- Monies, and capital of a comarca j feated very pteafantly, at the confluence of the rivers Corgo and Ribera, 15 miles N. E. of Lamego, an<^45 S £. of Braga. Lon. 7. a. W. lat. 41. 15. N. Villa-Real, a town of Spain, in the kingdom of Valencia, 30 miles N. of Valen- cia. Lon. o. 24. W. lat. 41. o N. Villa-Rica, a fea-port town of North America, in Mexico, feated on the gulph of Mexico, 20c miles E. of the city of Mexico. Lon. 107. 0. W. lat. so. o. N. • Villa-Rica, a town of S. Ameriei, in Chili, feated on the Lake Malabaugen, 40 miles from Imperial, and 62 from the S. Sea. Lon. 79. 25. W. lat. 39. 33. S. • ViLLA-ViciosA, a ilrong town of Portugal, in the province of Alentejo, with the title of a marquifate, an old flrong ca- i\le, and a handfome palace, where the dukes of Braganza formerly refided j fome call it Villa Vizofa. It is a pretty large place, furtihed m the modern tade, and in the fuburb is an ancient temple, originally built to the honour of Proferpine, as ap- pears from the infcriptions. The foil about this town is extremely fertile, and there are quarries ot hne green marble. It fuflained a famous fiege aeainfl the Spaniards in 1667, which Gccafioned a baitlein a neigh- bouring plain, the fuccefs of which placed the crown of Portugal on the head of the K. k k k a duke 'mM I V I L duke of BrtiKanza. It is 17 milf 1 S. W. of £lva, Vith a commandery of Mali a, la milrs S, S. E. of Coutances, and iz N. N. E. nt . ilvrariches. Lon. i. 8. W. lat. 48. 4z, N • Ville-Fort, a town of France, in . Languedoc, and in the diocefe of U/es, witli . a caflle. • Ville-Franchx, a bandfome town of France, and cspical of Bt-aujolois, witli an a.ariemy of Beaux Efprits. Thee is one . largf, haadfonne Areet, which runs from or\e end to the otiier, and it is as broad as a , fquare ; in the middle of it is a handfome .|ounc«in, from whence may be feen the tvA o gates of the town. It is furrounded wirt< A'ong walls, and fea^'d on the river Moi- gon, 1% miles S. E. of Beatijtu, and 2338. by E. of Paris. Lon. 4 48. £. i.it. 45. 59 .N. • Villi-Fr ANCHE, a ftrong town of France, io Rouffillon ; fcated at rt e foot of ihe Pyiences, on the river Tet, on the Other fide u( which Luwjs XiV*. built a ca flle, 22 miles N. E. of Pu\ctrda, and 300 S. of Paris. In one of the mnunt^ins which furrouod ti'is place, thete is a curirus ca* vern. Lon 2. 25. L. Jat. 4«. 25. N. Villk-Fr ANCHE, a town of France in the government of Guienne, and capital of the L'lwer Marche of Rouergue, and in ^he diocefe cf Rhodez. It cairies on a great trade in linen cloth, and is feated on the liver Avjrou, 17 miles W. of Rhdcz, and 310 S. of Paris. Lon. z. J3. E. lat. 44 • VitiE-JuirvE, a town of France, 4 miles S. of Paris, on the great road to typns. • V1LLEI.01N, a town of France, in the didcefe oi Tours, with a Benedictine abbey. • VnLrm)R, a town of France, in Upper Languedoo, featcdon the liver iarnp, la miles from Touloufe. Lon. i. 35. E. Jar. 53, 50. N. ViLtzN^, a towr of Spain, in the king- V I N dom of Murcia, on the frontiers of Newi Caltije, with the title of a maiquifate. When the Allies were befieging this placr in 1707, they heard the Spaoirti army was marched to Almanza, alter which the Aege was raifed, and the battle of Almanza was lought, iwhen moft of .the Englifh werp killed or taken prifoners. It is 55 miles N. £. of Muicia, and 175 S. E. of Madrit). Lon. o. 29. W. lat. 34. 40. N. • ViLLENADXf., a town of France, in Champagne, and in the eltfllon of Tioyes. • V1L1.EKS CoTERETS, a town of France, in the Ifle of France, with a hand- fome caftle, built by the dukes of Valois, to whom ir belongs. It has an abbey of the Premontrance, and is 1 1 miles W S. W. of Suidons, and lo S. E. of Compieg^ne. Lon. 3. 10. E. lat 49. 24. N. • V I L I- 1 N c E N , a town of Ce many, in the circle ot Suabia, and in the province of Brifgaw, feated on the Black Forefl, be- tween ttie fources of the rivers Danube and Neckar. It is a confiderable paffag# towards the Black Sea in the time of war, and is of confequeoce upon that account, 30 miles E. by S. ol Friburc, and i » W. of Rotweil. Lon. 18. 10. E. lat. 47. 54. If. ViLvoKDB, a town of the Auilrian Ne- theihnds, in Brabant, and in the quarter of BiuiTels, feared on the canal that goes frotn this place to Antwerp, and on the river Senne, 5 miies N. E. of Bruflels. Lon. 4. lb. E. lati ;o. t6. N. • V I M I E u , a canton of France, in Picac- dy, and in Ponthieu, between the rivers BrefTe and Somnrie. St. Vale, and is t>.: miles W. of Lagos. Lon. 10. o. W. > t 36. 55. N. ViNceNT, St. an iflaiid of America, and one of the Caribbees, to the S of t^anta- Lucia. It is 20 mile.> in length, and near as much in breadth, bein^; aimolt of a round figure. It is the mol\ populous of thofe which the ancient inhabitants yet pofTfs. The duke of Montague fent a c^olony hither in 1722, to people this ifland, but they were driven back by the French. It was ceded to t*ie Englifl? by the tieaty of peacQ in 1763. Lon. 61. 20. W, lat. 12. 50. N. Vl^cENT, St. a ftrong town of Spaic|, in Old Cafiile, and in the county cf Rioxa, with a caAle. It is feated on » bill near the V I R t'mtthto, 138 miles N. E. of Madrid. Lon. X. 10. W. lat. 4s. 30. N. Vincent, St. a maritime province of S. America, in Brafil } buundeJ on tlie N. by the republic of St. Paul, and the captain- ftiip ot Rio Janeiro ; on ihe E. by the fame captainlhip, and the dn ; and on the W. by the province of Cualacos; fubje£t to Portu- gal. The capital (own is of the fame name, and has a good harbour on the Atlantic Ocean. Lon. 43. s- VV. lat. 24. 15.S. ViNTiMiGL lA, an ancient town of I^a- ly, in the repuhlic of Genoa, with a bi- fhop's fee, a fmaW harbour, and a (Irong faftle, which is all its deftn e. It has been ofien taken and retaken in the waib of Ita- ly, and is feated vn the Medite(ranei>n Sea, »i the mouth of the rivers Btbera and Rotta, 9 miles N. E. of Monaco, and 70 S. W. of (fcnoa. Lon. 7. 39. E. lat. 43. 48. N. ViRE, a town of France, in Lower Nor- mandy, and in the bailiwick of Caen, with feveral woollen manufafVorle?, It is feated on the river Vire, xy miles S. E. of Cou- tances, »nd 150 W. of Paris. Lon. 0. 49. W. lat. 48. 50. N. Virgin IsLANns, are in the American Ocean, but very fmall, and reckoned part pf the Caribbees. They are 12 or 13 in number, and lie to the E. of St. John de Porto Rico. Tliey are very high, and are ftot worth inhabiting. Virgin I A, a country of N. America, planted by colonies from England. It is bounded on the S. by Carolina ; on the N. by Maryland j on the E. by the Atlantic Ocean and part of Maryland j but on the W. the bounces are not fettled. The en- trance into Virginia for fliippin?, is by the mouth of Chefapeak bay, which runs up into the land above 100 miles; likewireail (hips mufl pafs throuKh it that are bound to ^laryland. The principal rivers are James, York, Rappahannock, and Patowmack, all vvhich are full of convenient and fafe har- bours. There are aifo many fmall rivers, fome of w'hich are capable of receiving the largefl merchant /hips. The foil of Virgi- nia is vari'.us, and feems fitted for the pro- du£lion of vegetables, and trees of all forts. The lands towards the mouth of the rivers is genet ally !ow, and fit for rice, hemp, and Indian corn, though they are at pre- fent well ilocked with many forts of trees, from 30 to 70 ♦ett high. The land higher up the rivers is generally level, a.id well watered with fprings ; but there are here and there fome fmall hills. That near the fea is generally Tandy, and without ftones, for which rea(on they ftldom Ihoe their hoff«t. The ri^hcf^ Unds lie n^ar the V I R branches of the rivers, and abound with va- rious forts of timbei, furprifin^ly large* The names of the trees are not taken notico of becaufe, properly fpeaking, they all differ in fome refpeA or other, from thola in Europe. At the heads of the rivers there are mountains, valleys, hills, and plaint* with diff«rt;nt trees } and indeed not man/ years ago, the whole country feemed to be one continued wood, with plantations here and there, where the roots of the trees had been grubbed up. But it is to be fuppofed* that as the country grows more populous* moft of the trees will be cut down, and it will be well if they don't run into the other extreme, and leave the country deftitute of W3od. There are alfo great varieties o£ earth for medicine, fcowering, making all foris of earthen ware, and pipes ^ and there IS alfo marl for manuring the land. There a>e otiters for painting, fuch as red and yel» low oker j and in the upper parts are mines of antimony, tak, coal, with quarries o€ flate and Aone foi building, as alfo peeble- ftones. However, the coal is at prefent oC no ufe, for plenty of wood for firing grows at every man's door. In procefs of time there is great reafon to believe, that there will be mines of various kinds found in the mountains, which at prefent the inhabitante do not think it worth while to enquire af« ter. There are a great variety of fruits^ fome of which grow there naturally, and fome have been tranfplanted from England, particularly peaches, which grow almoft every where upon ftandard trees, and yet ate exceeding good. There are very few towns in Virginia, or even villages, for the planters have houfes fcattered every where up and down the country, where they cul* tivate tobacco, which is the principal com- modity. James«town was formerly the prin« cipal, but of late Williamfburg, where there is a college. Ir confitis of one long broad ftreet, with a few houfes at fome diT* tance f I om each other. The Englilh inha* bitants are of the church of Eng.and, and the clergy have a pretty good maintenance. In general it is an hofpitable country, and they are fo ready to entertain each other, and Grangers, that a man may travel thro* it without any expence. They have a few forts, but their principal defence by land is a militia, and by fca, the men of war fent from England ; for they have no fhips of their own, though they have all conveni- ences for building thenv. However, theie is little doubt to be made, but the face of affairs will be quite altered in a very fevir years. There are now no original Ameri- canS| improperly called Indians, in theeaft- ern i|; m liijili If V I s ' /^ ern parts of VirginU, becaufc they rather ctiufe to live by themfelves, and fotlow their own cuAoms. With regard to iheir com gyleXioT), ftature, and manner of living, they refemble the other American*. How> ever, tliey have a language of their dwn, and indeed there it fuch a vaft variety of different tongues, in differient parts of Ame- rica, tiiat it is very hard to give any toler- able reafon for this variation. However, this is not peculiar to them, for in Affica, where the negroes neatly refemble each Diher, their language is various, infomuch ttiat thofe wlio I'n-fsrrt.'nd any one, may travel »o or 30 .nile'j s^dmeet wiih thofe «vho have not a word made ufe of in the fame fenfe. The original natives here are of a red copper cclour, with cgarfe black hair, black eyes, and without beards, as they are in all other parts of America ; and of this I am the more certain, becaufe I have made it my bufinefs to enquire into, and examine thefe parliculara upon the fpot Mcil authors tell us that they have beards, and that they pluck them out by the rootsj but this is a mere fi£lion, ^vhich I can af- firm upon my own knowledge. ViRTON, a fmall town of the Auflrian Netherlands, in Luxemburg, on the fron- tiers of Lorrain, aa miles W. of Luxem- bar?, and 10 N. £. of Montmedi. Lon. 5. 37* £• lat. 49. zo. N. VisAPORB, a town of Afia, ih the pe- ftinfula on this fide the Ganges, and capital of a kingdom of the fame 1 ame, by fome Called Decan. It is one of the largeft cities in thefe parts, being la miles in circum- ference, and fnrrounded by very high walls, and a large ditch, The king's palace is in the middle of the town, from which it is fe- parated by a double ditch, and is 3 miles in circumference. There are befides, 5 large fuburbs, in which moft of the merchants live. This kingdom was conquered by the Great Mogul in 1685, and has been tribu- tary to him everfince. The extent of this kingdom is uncertain, but it isfaid the king can bring ioo,coo men into the field : there are a great number ef precious ftones found here, and the women are the mo(l dilTolute of any in thefe parts. It is feated on the river Mandua, or Mindoux, loo miles £. of Dabul, and 150 N. £. of Goa, Lon. 76. 25. E. lat. 17. 30. Ni VisET, a town of the Auftrian Nether- lands, in the bilh^ prick of Liege, and for- merly fortified. It is feated on the eaftcrn Ihore of the river Matfe, 7 miles N, of Liege. Lon. 5. 4.0. E. lat. 50. 54, N. , • VissoGROD, a town of Great Poland, and in ihe palatinate of Maze via, feated on V I T the river Virtob, vith a caftle. Vistula, or Wkissil, the largeft r>- ver of Proper Poland. It rifes in Moun» Crapach, on the confines of Silefia and Up. per Hungary, crofTes Little Poland, a part of Mafovia, of Great Poland, and of PrufTia, and falls by three mouths into the Baltic Sea below Dantzick. The Bug is the moft corfiderable river that falls into this, which paffes by Cracow, Sandomir, Czerfko, Warfaw, Ploczko, Dobrezin, Whadiflau, Thorn, Culm, Marienburg, Elbing, and. Danizick. ViTxaBo, an ancient, large, and hand* fome town of Italy, in the Patrimony of St. Peter, with a bifhop's fee. It contains about 15,000 inhabitants, 16 parifh> churches, a great number of handfome pa* laces and founrains, and near it is a fpring, fo hot that it will not only boil an egg, but flefh that is put therein. It is feated at the foot of a mountain, in a country watered by feveral ftreams, and is the beft place in the pope's territories. It is ao miles S, of Orvieto, and 35 N. by W. of Rome. Lon. la. 10. E. lat, 42. 35, N. • ViTRA, a town of France, in Brit- tany, which carries on a great trade in li* nen cloth, knit ftockings, and gloves ; feat- ed on the river Yilaine, 20 miles E. of Rennes, and 52 S. E. of St, Malo. Lon. 1. 13. W. lat. 48. 6. N. ViTR i-lb-Francois, a confiderable town of France, and one of the principal in Champagne, and in Pertois. It is well built, though the houfes are only df wood, and there is a very fine fquare, in which the parifh-church Hands. It is populout, and the inhabitants carry ofi a great trade. It is feated on the river Marne, over which there is a bridge, 15 miles S. £. of Chalons, 27 W. of Barle-duc, and 100 £. of Paris. Lnn 4. 43. £. lat. 48. 40. N. * ViTTiAux,. a town of France, in Burgundy ; feated on the river Braiite among the mountains, where there are quarries of maible, a7 miles W. of Di]on, and la S. £. of Semur. Lon. 4. 27. E. lat. 57. az. N. ViTTotiA, a confid.erable town of Spain, in Bifcay, and capital of the province of Alava. It is furrounded with double walls, and in the principal fquare are the town-houfe, two convents, feveral well- built houfes, and the middle is adorned with a fine fountain. The large flreets are bor- deied with fine trees, whkh are a good de- fence againft the heat of the fun. There a e very rich merchants here, who carry on a great trade in hard-ware, which they fend to different parts of the kingdom. They alfo U K R ce, m Brairie ere are Dijon, 27. E. )wn of rovince double are the well- led with are bor- ood de- There carry on hey fend Thty ■biro deal in wool and wines, and particu- larly in fword blades, wliich they make in large quantities. It is feated at the end of a pleafant plain, fertile in corn and grapes ; 3s miles S. E. of Bilboa, 40 S. W. of To- lofa, and 155 N. of Madrid. Lon. 2. 5a. W. lat. 41. 5a. N. * VivERAis, a fmall province of France, in the government of Lan^uedoc ; bounded on the N. by Lyonnois ; on the E. by the river Rhone, which feparates it from Diuphiny ; on the S. by the diocefe of Ufes j and on the W. by Velay and Gevaudan. It is about 65 miles in length, and 40 in breadth, and is divided into the Upper and Lower. Viviers is the capital, * Vive no, a town of Spain, in the kingdom of Galicia, feated at the foot of a fleep mountain, near the fmall river Lan- drova, whofe mouth forms a good and large harbour in the ocean, zo miles N. W, of Mondonedo.-Lon. 7. 5. W. lat. 43. 4;. N. ViviERS, an ancient town of France, in Lower Languedoo* and capital of Vive- rais, with a bifliop's fee. It is a little dirty place, feated among the mountains, on the top of which is the cathedral church. It Aands on the river Rhone, 15 miles N. W. of O. ^nge, and 70 N. £. of Montpellier. Lon. 4. - 6. E. lat. 44. ag. N. * VivoNE, a town of France, in Poitou, and in tlie eleflion af Poitiers, feated on the river Clain, with a caftle. * VivY, a town of France, in Apjou, and in the ele£lion of Saumur. * ViZA, a town of Turky In Europe, and in Romania, with a Greek archbilhop's fee. It is feated at the foot of a mountain, at the fource of the river Glicir^ero. * Ukernunde, a town of Germany, in Pomerania, feated on the river GroflTc- bafT, at the mouth of the Uker, with a fortified cafile. Lon. 4. 27. £• lat. 53. 54. Ukraine, a large country of Europe ; bounded on the N. by Poland and Mufsovy ; on the S. by Little Tartary, and the coun- try of the OckzakoW'Tartars j and on the W. by Moldavia. This country is eroded by the river Nieper, or Boriftbenes, which divides it into two parts. It is inhabited by the refufe of feveral nations, who came from the neighbourhood of the Black Sea, among whom are Poles, Ruffians, Hungari- ans, Tmks, and Tartars, who however, pretend to be Chr;ftians. Thefe vagabonds (irft inhabited the fmall iflands of the Black Sea ; and when they went to ravage the neighbouring countries, left their wives, children, and valuable effe£ls there ; but multiplying apace, they enlarged ihe^r U L S bounds, infomuch that at prefent they caa bring an army of 40,000 men into the Aeld, who are called Coitacks. They are noted for their cruelties ; and there is no fort of crime they are not ready to commit : Ivow.- evcr, thefe Coffacks are diftinguiftied into two forts, the Zaporavians, and the Don- (kians, which laft have always been tribu- tay to the RulTian empire. There are feveral other rivers befides the Nisper, and it would be an exceeding plentiful country, if well cultivated} but often infefted witli fwarnts of locufis, which devour every tiling that is green, where they alight, and leave the fields and trees quite naked of grafs and leaves. Uladislaw. See Inowladislaw< * UtcAMi, or Ulcuma, a kingdomof Africa, on the coaft of Guinea, between thofe of Ardres and Benin, where the tra- ders get a great number of flaves. Ulierbecx, a town of the AuArian Netherlands, in Brabant, 11 miles S. £. oF Mechlin, or Malines, and 2 £. of Louvain. Lon. 4. 40. E. lat. 51. o. N. Ulm, a free and imperial fortified city of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and the chief of that order in this circle, where the archives thereof are depoflted. There is a good college in this city ; and in thecaihe- dral chuich, which is a handfomefirudture, there are fixty-three copper veflels full of water, ready for the extinguilhing of fire, and no lefs than 401 fteps to the top of the fieeple. It is one of the larc^eft and bed built places in Germany ; and the town- houfe is a very handfome edifice. It is feated on the Danube, where it receives the river Iller ; and the inhabitants are prote- ftants. There is a handfome bridge over the Danube, which greatly favours the trade of the inhabitants in linen, fuftians, hard- ware, and wool. The duke of Bavaria became mafier of it in 1701, by a ftrata- gem ; but after the battle of Hochftet in 1704, the Bavariar\s furrendered it by capi- tulation ; but the forli^cations had fuff<:rpd greatly. It is 35 miles W. of Auglburg, 47 S. of Stutgard, 67 ti. of Munich, and 275 W. of Vienoa. Loi).^ 10. 9. E. lat. 4S. Ulmbn, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of (he Lower Rhine, and in the arclibi- (hoprick of Mentz, on the frontiers of the duchy of Deux-ponts, 30 mites N. £. of Triers. Lon. 7. s- £• lat. 50. 14. N. * Ulpho, a V llage in Cumberland, wih tvva fairs, on Monday betoie EaAcr, and June 5, for cloth and yarn Ulster, a ^>rovince of Ireland ;bound« ed on;he E. by St. George's channel j on the W. by the Northern Ocean j on the N, "^t:^ m I U M B bjr the Weftern Ocean } on the S. by the province of LcinAer, and on the S. W. by that of Connaught ; being about 1 16 mile* in length, and lOo in breadth. The prin cipal rivers are, the Banne, the Lough- #oyle, the Swilly, the Mewry-Water, and the Maine. It abounds with large lakes, and the foil in general is fruitful in corn and graft, and there are plenty of hotfet, fheep, and beevei. The waters are deep, and jrield plenty of fifh, particularly falmon. This province contains one archbifhoprick, lix bifl\oprick8, lo counties, ii5«S39 inha- kitants, 55 baronies, 29 boroughs that re- turn parliamentinen, 3ocaftles, and 365 pariflies. The principal place is London- 4ierry. Ultzery, a town of Germany, in lower Saxony, and duchy of Lunenburg. It had a famous convent, which was fecu- larifed in 1531, and the benefices were chiefly applied to pious ufes. It is feated on the river Ilmenau, zj miles S. of Lu- nenburg, and is fubjefl to the eleAor of Hanover. Lon. 10. 35. E. lat. 53. i 5. N. UtviRSTONB, a town of Lancafhire, vrith a market on Thurfdays, and two fairs, en Holy Thurfday, and the firft Thurfday after OAober 23, for pedlars ware. The country people call it Oufton, and it is feat- ed between the branches of a river which, at a fmall diftance, falls into the fea. I( is a pretty good place, and the market is well fupplied with corn, fheep, A(h, and other provifions ; iS miles N. W. of Lancatler, and 240 N. N. W. of London. Lon. 2. 55. W. lat. 54. IS. N. Uma, a town of Sweden, in Weftern Bothnia, feated on the river Uma, in the gulph of Bothnia, which gives name to part of Swedilh Lapland, in which it has its fource. The houfes are built of wood, and it was twice burnt down by the Rufllians in the late wars. It is the refidence of the governor of Wefl Bothnia, and is 280 miles N. of Stockholm. Lon. so. £7. £. lat. 63. 48. N. * Uma GO, a town of Italy, in Iftria, feated on the weftern coaft between the gulph of Largona and the mouth of the ri- ver Quieto, with a narbour. It belongs to the Venetians. * Umagiacva, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Morocco, and in a province of the fame name, advantageoufly f°ated on the top of a mountain. Umbria. See Spolkto. Umbriatico, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Hither Ca labria, with a bifhop's fee, though now reduced to a village, Uaving no more than U N t 50 houfes. It is feated on the river Liput^i^ 17 miles N. W. of St. Seveiino. Lon. 1), 10. E. lat. 39. 59. N • Undirswin, or UNDBastiw, a handfome town of Germany, in the canlof) rf Bern, and in Oberland ; charmingly feated on the lake Tncun, and near it is the ramouscivein of St. Pat. It is 25 miles S. S. E. of Bern, and §0 S E. of Priburg. Lon. 7. 40. E. lat. 46 40. N. Undikwalp, a canton of Swiflerland, and the fixth in rank. It is bounded on the N. by the canton of Lucern, and by the lake of the four cantons ; on the E. by the high mountains, which firparate it from the can- ton of Ur ; on the S. by the mountains of Brunick, which part it from the canton of Bern ; and , and the fu- preme i;ove;nment belongs to the feven pro- vinces conjointly, and is adminiftered by different councils. The ciiief 01" ihefe is compofed ol their high migliiinefles (he States General, who are the dtputies of each oi the feven provinces, and who ge- rerally aflemble at the Hague. It is lawful for each province to ftnd one or more de- puties, though they can give but one voice. This council does not always (it, and yet they change the prefident every week. The other councils.are, the council of due, the board of accounts, the council of the grand admitahy, th '^ council of Brabant, which a(femble .-<.: the Hague, and the coun- cil of Flandeis, which meet at Middleburg in Zealand. The UNI conntry is the (tadtholder ) for ha is at th« fame time governor general of the Seven United Provinces, captain • general, and grand-admiral. In the infancy of the re- public they had but one Aaddiolder, who - was a prince of the houfe of Na(rau \ but this la(led only ftill 1650, when they de- termined to aboli(h this oiRce for ever t - however, the difoiders of this republic ob- liged chem to t\t& another in 1671 ; nay, they had two j for Holland, Zealand, Utrecht, Guelderland, and Overy(rel. chofe William III. prince of Na(Tau, who ccntl- nued in this office 30 years : the provincea of Friefland and Croningen chofe Hemy Cafimir, prince of Na/Tiu-Dicx, for {\z6t- holder. King William dying in 1701, without ilTue, it was thought the other< ftadthoMer would be chofen for the whole, which however did not happen. However, thefe two la(t provinces feemed to make for' prince William Charles in 1728, when they elected him (\ad(holder ; but the other pro- vinces refufed to come in ; though it has fince been made hereditary. The trade of theDutchconfifts of plenty of butter, cheefe, (ir.e linen cloth, books, and the product of iheir garden* } but they are obliged to have their corn and wine from Germany j wool, lead, and tin, from England ; horned caitle, puife, and ildns, from Denmark} wood, and dried-filh frem Norway ; iron cotton, and timber for (hips, from Sweden; honey and wax; (ront Poland ; corn from PrulTia ; hemp, leather, tallow, pitch, and firs, from Ruilia ; whalebone, from Green- land ; herrings, from the North Sea ; wine and fiuits, from Portugal and Italy. They fend their merchant (hips within the (freights of Gibraltar to Spain, France, lialy, and the Levant, as alfo to Guinea, the Baft Indies, Mofcovy, and feveral other parts { however, their principal trade depends upon the Ea{\. India company, which is the moll confiderable in the world, and was fiift eAablifhed in i6oa. It is faid they have iSfOco troops in the Ea{\ Indies^ with 160 (hips, and 80,000 perfons to man them, ar^d for their fervice, whofo names are regiAered at an office in .4m(ter« dam. When any foreigners are in their fer- vice, and c*ie abroad, the company takes care their effefls (hall go to the right heir. The goods and nf>erchapdize8 they bring from the Ea(\ Indies, are almoft univer- fally known, and theiefore need no^ be here enumerated. The herring filhery is another grf at advantage, carried on chifBy about the North 'parts of Scotland, where I tt'ey commonly fend 1,000 fail of (hips, higheft officer in this One part of the filh is employed in vidlual- l till ling I' 'A' l;'';j If «' 'i.y I ! 1/ N N l!«g their Oitpt, and th« reft they fcoJ to oiiMsr nattont. It i* faid the value of thU trade to the Dutch it worth 6,000,000 of floiina per annum, cauli of which it one fkillinK and nine pence En^liAi, The forcei of the United Provinces, in timet of peace, are about 3 ^,000 men, for guardt and gar- ritooi, and for their men of war. In lime of war they may about 50,000; but if occafion requiret, they can raife 80,000, aadiherewaa a lime when they had 100 000 ia their pay, chiefly confiAing of men from Other nationa. With regjird to fea affairi, they have very good marinert of their own. In, timet of peace they ufuatiy had 30 men of war to ferve at cunvoyt, which were ready to raife their anchors at the fiiA fig- nal ; bat of lare their naval force hat been greatly neglected, and they have fufftred their principal veflTelt almoft to rot in their harboun. With regard to their merchant fhtps, they have alwayt great numbers, ard are generally faid to have had 15,000 lar)i;e wefTelt, and 300,000 fmall onet of different kind*. The revenues of thit republic are raifed by taxet, dutiei, and excifes, paid by all the inhabitantt in general, infomuch thar there it not a difh of meat brought to the table, but what is faid to be taxed ten times over. The dutiet upon merchandizet bring in confiderable fums ; but tbefe muft be always in proportion to their trade. From thefe, and other rcfources, the Dutch are faid to raife annually between a and 3,000,000 I. fterling in timet of peace ; and in the time of war they have generally a polUtax, a land-tax, and hearth-money, which confiderably increafe the revenue. With regard to tlieir religion, there is no ttCt in the world but what it tolerated, info* ■auch that there are faid to be ?« in all ; kowevcr, none but thofe of the efiablifhed religion, which it the reformed, are per- mitted to be concerned in ilate-afFairt. The Dutch are not all very good ChriAians ; for in Japan they are contented to lay afide the open profefTion of iheir faith; and in many other inftances they feem to be of opinion that godiinefs is gain. They have bog((led at no cruelties to attain their ends ; of which we have an inftance in the wreft- ing of the Spice Iflands from the Englifh, and which they nowpoflefs without acorn- l^etitor, infomuch that all the trade for Ipices goes throngh their hands. Unna, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle of Weftphalia, and in the county of Mark. It was formerly a confiderable Hanfiatic town, but now belongs to the JtfQg of Pruflia, and is feated on a fmall ri- tcr, tw^ N. E. of Denmund, and 35 S. VOL of lifimAer. Lon. 7.45. 1, lat. 51.40. ft« Unna, a river of Turky in Europer, which runt through Croatia, pafTet by Wihit< and Dubiica, and falli a little after into the Sade. • VoRABti, a town of F'rance, in Au- vergne, and the chief place of a chatellany of g««at extent. • VocRDiif, a firong town of t^• United Provinces, in Hoiland, and on the frontiers «f Utrecht ; feated on the Rhine, which palTes throu(;h it. 8 miles from Utrecht, and 6 fromLeyden. Lon. 4. 49. C. lat. 5». 7. N. VooHKRA, a town of Italy, in the du- chy of Milan, and in ihe territory of Pa- via. It is very pleafanr, well fortified, and feated on the river StafFora, i» miles S. W. of Pavia, and 30 S. W. of Milan. Lon, 9. o. E, lat. 44. 49. N. • Void, a town of France, in t^e dlo^ cefe of Toul, feated on a rivulet of the fame name, 10 miles from Toul. VoiGHTLAMP, a territory of Germany, in Upper Saxony, and one of the four cir- cles of the marquifate of Mifnia. It is in the form of a triangle and bounded on the E. by B hemia j on the N. by the dochy of Altenburg J and on the W. by Thutingia and Franconia. The principal place is Zwickaw, and belongs to the elcAor of Saxony. • Voiaow, a town of France, in Dau- phiny, and in the eleAion of Grenoble, with the tiile of a barony. VoKtLMAax, or WoticxMARcx, a town of Germany, in the circle of Auftria, and in the duchy of Carinthia, feated on the river Drave, a6 miles E. of Clagenfurt. Lon. 14. 40. E. lat. 47. o. N. VoLANo, a fea-port town of Italy, in the Pope's territories, and duchy of Ferra- ra ; feated on the gulph of Venice, at one of the mouths of the Po, 40 mites E. of Ferrara. Lon. 13. o. E. lat. 44. 50. N. VoLHiNiA, a palatinate of Poland} bounded on the N. by that of Brzefcia ; on the N. by Kiovia ; on the S. by Podolia ; and on the W. by Belz; being about 300 miles in length, and 150 in bieadth. It confiAs chiefly of plains, watered by a great number of rivers, and would be very fertile if cultivated ; but they are thin of people, on account of the frequent incurfions of the Tartars. Luck is the capital town. • VoLtKKHovKN, a towtt of the United Provinces, in Over)frel, and capital of a ter- ritory of the fame name on the Zuider-Zee, with a ftrong caftle, 5 miles from Steen- wick, and la from Zwol. Lon. 5< 57. E« lat. 5«. 4a. K. • VoLLSkKf oo U P H * VoiLoti» a town of France, in Au- vargne, and in (he cicflion of CUrmoni, with the title of a county. * Voio, an ancient town of Turky. in Ada, in tlie province uf Janna, with a Aronf; citadel and a fort. It wai taken by the Venetians in 1635, who almoft ruined it, but is now in fome meafurc rt-eAabli(hed. It is Tcated on a gul^h of the fame name, where (here is a good haibour, 35 miles S. £ ofLarifTa. Lon. a6.43. E. lat. 39. ]8. N. Volt A, a river of Africa, in Gumea. which runs from N. to S. and fails into the oce;in, E of Acra. VoLTsaaA, an ancient and conflder- able town of Italy, in Tufcany, and in the territory of Pifa, with a bifhop's fee. It is furrounded with Arong walls, contains fe- veral antiquities, is noted for its medicinal waters, and is Tested on a mountain, 31 miles S. E. of Pifa, and 30 S. W. of Florence^ Lon. 11. o. E. lat. 43. la. N. VoLTURNo, a river of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, which rifcsin the Appen- nine mountains, pafTes by Ifernia, in the county of Molife, then to Capua, in the Tarra- di- Lavoro,and falls into the gulph of Gaieta. VoLTURAaA, a town of Italy, in the kingdom, of Naples, and in the Capitanata, with a biihop's fee ; feated at the foot of the Appennines, tj miles N. E. of Bene- vento, and 55 N. E. of Naples. Lon. 15. 10. E. lat. 41. 30. N. VoosN, an ifland of the United Pro- vince, in South Holland, between the mouths of the river Matfe ; Brill is the ca- pital town. This ifland, with that of Goeree and Overflackee, vwhich are near it, make the territory called Voornland, which was anciently part of Zealand. * VoRsrri, a town of France, in Dau- phiny, and in the eleAion of Grenoble. * VoKOTiNSK, a town of the RulTian empire, and capital of a province of tl>e fame name in Mofcovite Ruflia ; feated on the river Occa, 100 miles S. W.of Mof- cow. Lon. 38. 25- E. lat. 53. 30. N. The province is bounded on the N. and E, by the river Ugra, and the duchy of Rezan ; en the S. by the country of tlte CoflAcks} and on the W. by the duchy of Severia. VosGES, or Vavges, a large chain of mountains, covered with wood, which fe- parate Alface and the Franche Comte from Lorrain, reaching as far as the foreft of Ar> dennes. They give name to a province of Lorrain, which is on the frontiers of Alface. VouTKNA. See Fontcnoy. * Uphavbn, a village in Wihfhir^ 10 miles S. by W. of Marlborough, with 1 fair, «n O^dber 18} for hprfe?, ccws^ and Ibeep- U P T * UmoLLA N», a village in Lineolnffiire, with one fair, on July 15, for boifes, botn* ed cattled, and toys. Upland, a province of Sweden, which is a fort of a pcninfula j bounded on the W. by Wcftmania and Caniicia } on the N. B. by the Baltic Sea} and on the S. by the fea of Sudermania, or Sunderland, it ia about 70 miles in length, and 4^ in breadth, and is very populous, and fertile in corn ; and has mines of iron and lead. Stockholm is the capital town. • U'OTTiRT, a village in Devonfhire, with one fair, on 0£lob«r 44, fo r buUucka flieep, and toys. Urn NO! AM, a town of Rutlandfhire, with a market on Wedncfday, and two fairs, on March 7, and July 7, for horfes, horned cattle, and coaife linen cloth. Ic is feated on an eminence, and is a pretty compaUt well-built place, with a very good free fchool, and an hof^ral) 6 miles S. 6t . Oakham, and 90 N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 45. W. lat. 52. 36. N. UpsAi., a confiderable town of Sweden, in Upland, with a famous univerfity, and an archbilhop's fee. The Areets are long, and fo ftraight, that from the market-place the four gates of the town may be fecn. le has neither walls nor ramparts, but magnt- ficent palaces. In 170a there was a fire, which reduced three public buildinfts to afliei } namely, the ancient royal palace, which is now level with the ground ; the cathedral church, which bad two handfome (ieeples and clocks, now rebuilt, but the Heeples are not fo high as before. The other was the royal coilete of the univerfity, which makes much the fame appearance ec it did before. The public library, which ic one of the handfomeil buildings of thefte norhern countries, efcaped the flames, and contains above 60,000 volumes. Tlie arch« bifliop is primate of the kingdom, andcoft- fecrateii the king in the cathedral church it is feated on the river Sala, which dividea it in two, and is 17 miles N.. W. of Stock* holm, and it; S. W. of Abo. Lon i». 15. Hi lat. 59. 53. N. Upton, a town of Worceflerftiire, with a market on Thurfdays, and four fairs, oA Thurfday after Midlent, and on Thurfdajr in VVhiifun-week, for hoKiis, cattle, and (heep ) and on July 1 0, on Thurfday b^ fore September 21, for horfes, flieep, and leather. It is feaied on the river Severrt, over which there is a bridge, and is a weii- built place, faid to be of great account ih the time of the Romans. It is it miles 9, of Worceftfif, and 101 W. N. W. of Lon- don. Lon. a. 15. W. lat, jS. 6, K. X. 1 11 a UaASA, m V KG ViAtA, t province of H. America, in Tcria Viim», lying on a Rulph of the fame name, in tlifl governrntnt ofCaKhagena, to the E. ot the province of Uarien. Ukaniburo wat formrriy ■ mafnifl- cent cadle ot Denm^tk, in the little ifland of Huen, in (lie middle of die Sound. It vtat butit by Tyctio Brahr, a celebraiei attionomtr, who mide his obfervat-ons tiiaie, winch a'e Tinea publi(hcd, The ca- Ale it now in ruins. * Ur BAIN, St. a town of Francr, in Champagne, and in (he dioccfe o( Qalont, i't.ated on the liver Marne, with aBenedic* tine abbey. * Urbanka a town of Italy, in the (iuchy of Uibino, with a hidiopN fee. It was built by pope Urban VIII. on the river Metr% 15 milri S. W. ot Urbino. Lon. la. ]o. E. lat. 43. 47. S. Urbino, a town of Italy, in the terri- tory of the Pope, and capital of the duchy ot Urbino, with an old citadel, an archbi- Ihop's fee, and a handfome palace, where the dulcet formerly reflded. The houfes are very well built, and great quantities of tine .earthen ware are made here. It ii feated on a mountain, between tlie rivera Metro and Foglia, ao miles S. of Rimini, 58 E. of Florence, and i«« N. E. of Rome. L-jn. .as. 41. E. lat. 43. 47. N. Urbino, the duchy of, a province of Italy, in tiie territory of the Church ; bound- ed on the N. by the gulph of Venice ; on the S. bv Perugino and Umbria j on the E. by the Maiit or Marche of Ancona ; and on the W, by Tufciny and Romagna; being .about 55 miles in length, and 45 in breath. Here is great 'plenty of game, as well as £(h } but the air is not very wholefome, nor is the foil fertile. Urbino is the capital town. * Ur CI I SB, St. a town of France, in Auvergne, and in the diocefe of St. Flour. * UrCaNTZ, or JURGANTZ, B tOWO Of AHa, in the country of the Turltomans, 940 miles E. of the Cafpian Sea, and 70 S. of the lalce Aral. It was formerly a very conftderable place, having lieen 4 miles in circumference. The houfes were all built with mud walls ; and there was one bazar, or long covered ftreet, where merchandizes were fold J but in I046 a traveller, who faw it, affirms it is n w in ruins, and thMt no other public buildings remain but a mofque. Lon. 60. 25. E. lat. 4o« 55. N. URHEt, an ancient town of Spain, in Catalonia, and capital of a county of the fame name, with a bithop's fee. It is feat- ed on til 6 river Sagra, in a plain fertile in corn, and ip the midftof very high moun- u s s talni, planted with vineyarrft^; jomiitt W of Pcipignin, and 75 N. by W. of Baice- lona. Lon. 1. 37. E. lat. 4s. 18. N. Ua I. the moO fouthern canton ot Swif* feiland, and the fourth in rank, whofe in- hahitJints jie domanCmholici. Itiithound- cd on the N. by the canton of Schwiiz, an4 the lake of the four cantons { on the £. by the Crifont, and l!.e canton of Claris { on the S. by the biiliwjikt nf Italy ; i«nd on the W by the canton of Underwa!rf, and part of Bern. It in about 30 miles in length, and la in breadth, and lull of dreadful mountains, among winch is the celebrated mount St. Gothard ; however, there ia a valley tolerably fertile j AUdoif is the piin« cipal town. * Urcons, a town of France, in Gaf- cony, in the Landes, and in the diocefe of Dax. URQ.UART, a cal^le pf Scotland, in the (hire of Invernefi, feated on the N. fide of Lochneft. ,1 UsBitCKS. SeeRccNARiA. , Uacofia. SeeScopiA. UsiDOM, an iHand of Germany, in Po- merania, fcsted at the mouth of the river Oder, nn the Baltic Sea, between which, and the ifland of Wollon, is a patTage called the Swin. It it fubjeA to the king of Pruf- fia, and had formerly a conftderable town of the fame name, which was almoA re- duced to a(hes in 1473. Lon. to. 55. E* lat. S3. 37. N. USERCHE. SeeUzARCHB. UsHANT, an ifland of France, «n the coaftot' B ittany, and oppofite to Conquet. It is i miles in circumference, containing fcveral hamlets, and a caflle. Lon. 5. S3* W. lat. 48. 30. N. UsK, a town of Monmouthshire, with a market on Mondays, and two fairs, on Monday after Trini'y, and OAober 18, iot hnifes, lean cattle, and pedlars ware; feat- ed on the river Utk, over which there is a bridge, and is a large place,, with well-built Aone houfes. It is la miles S. W of Monmouth, ard icX W. by N. of London. Lon. 3. o. W. lat. 51. 4;. N. UsK, a river of Wales, which rifea on the W. of Brecknockfhire, runs S. E. thro* that county and Monmouththire, and falls into the mouth of the Severn, having paired by Brecon, or Brecknock, Ufk, and Newport. * Us SSL, a town of France, in Limofin^ and the chief place of the duchy of Venta- dore, 5 miles from a caftle of that name. Lon. X. 15. E. lat. 45. 3«. N. • UssoN, a tO!*vn of France, in Au- vergne, with the t^tle of a marquifate, 10 milea f U T Z 4 3 ' k mltn from Brioud ( but it ti eomt to'no* tbtriK flnc« the c«Ale wi» (fcinolifhdd. UtTiANo, a town nf Iijiiy, in tliflCra- monefe, feated on the rive; Oglio, it mile* N. E. orCremone. Utica, • town of Africa, fatnoua for the drath of Cato, fuppnfcd to be lhemo« dcrn Bifcrta ) which fee. UToxiTia, a town of StafTordfhite, with a market on Wcdnt(dayi, and three fair*, on May 6, and July 31, for horned cattle and Iheep} aivd on September 19, for Arong black colci and homed cattle. It is pleafiintly feated on a riflng ground near the rtver Dove, among excellent paAutei, for feedinft and breeding cattle. It it pretty large, but not very well built, and its mar- ket ii Iht greateft in this part of England, for corn, cattle, hogs, fheep, butter, and cheefe. It is 14 miles E. of Stafford, and 1*5 ^- ^- ^' of London. Lon. 1. 50. W. !at. 51. 50. N. Utbecht, a handfome, pleafant, and celebra'ed town of the United IVovincei, capital of a province of the fame name, with a famous univerftty. It is large, well fortified, a fquare form, and about 3 miles in circumference, without its four fuburbs, which are confiderable. The Heeple of the cathedra! is very high, and the handfomeft in the United Provinces. There are a great number of churches, as alfo hofpitals for or- phans and foundlings, and old men and wo- men. All the avenues to this city are very handfome, and the environs are full of gar- dens, walks, and groves, which, added to the purity of the air, lendei Uirecht one of the moft agreeable places to live in thefe parts, and accordingly a great many people of diftinQion refort hither. Here the peaoe was concluded in 1713, between France, England, Portugal, PruiTia, Savoy, and Holland } and here the union of the Seven provinces was begun in 1579. It is feated on the ancient channel of the R'line, ao miles E.of Amfterdam, 27 N. E. of Rot- terdam, and 35 W. of Nimeguen. Lon. 5. I. E. lat. 5a. 8. N. Utrecht, one of the United Provinces, in the Netherlands ; bounded on the N. by the Zuider-zee, and part of Holland j on the E. by Veluve and Guelderland ; on the S. by the Rhine, which feparatej it from Betau } and on the W. by Holland. The air is very healthy here }' nor are there any inundations to fear as in other provinces ; )>efide$, the foil is fertile, and the country pleafant ; the length of it is not above 30 miles, and the breadth is no more than 20. * Utzwach, a town of SwiiTerland, in the canton of Zurich, the capital of an an* WAD etent eacten, feated pretty nur the lake off Zurich. UsaicKS. Sa«BocNA«A. * UxaaiDOB, a town of Middlefev, with a market on T uifdays, and two fairs, on July 31, and O^obcr 10, for horiet, C0A(ii, and (heop. It is a large place, a mile in length upon the road, containing about 200 houfes, and has rcvcral ronveni. ent inns for thcaniertainment of travellers. It is I H miles W. of London. Lon. o. as. W.lar. $1. 31. N. * UxiiiA,aiown of Spain, in New. Canile, and capital of a duchy of the fame name, with a caftje { ao miles N. W. of At- cala. Lon. 3. 3. W. lat. 40. 50. N. * UztL, a town of France, in Bre- lagne, in the diocefe of St. Brieux. Jt car. ties on a very good trade, and is 17 milea S. W. of Brieux. Lon. a. 5 a. W, lat. 48. 16. N. * UzKRCN, an ancient town of France* in Umofm, and in the diocefe of Limoges, with a BenodiAine abbey } feated on a craggy rock, at the foot of which the .:\er Vefere runs. It is 17 miles E. of Limogei, and X17. S. of Paris. Lon. i. 43. E. lat. 45- »S- N. Uz(s,a town of France, in Upper Lan> guedoc, capital of Ufege, with a bi(hop*a fee, and the title of a duchy. It is feated in a country abounding in corn, oil, filk, cattle, and good wine { la milea N. of Nifmes, 10 W. of Avignon, and xo S. W. of Orange. Lon. 4. S9..£. lat. 44. 1 . N« w. T^A AG, a river of Hungary, which rifea in the Carpathian mountains, on the confines of Poland, runt firft from E. to W. arid then turning <>. pafTcs by Leopolftadt, falling into the Danube oppofite to the ifland of Schut. Wa At, or Wah At, a river of the United Provinces, one of the branches of the Rhine, and runs from £ to W. through Betue, in the province of Guelderland. It palTes by Nimeguen, Tiel, Bammel, and Gorcum, and proceeding weilward joins the Maefe, then pa tie. I(f is alfo noted ior its doth manufac- tory, and the maikets are large for cloth, corn aid provifions. It is x3 miles S. W. of York, and 171 N. W. by N. of London. Lon. I. 22. W. fat. 53. 40. N. Walachia, a province of Turky id Europe, and in Upper Hungary ; bounded on the N. by Moldavia and Tranfilvania i on the £. and S. by the river Danube ; and on the W. hy Tranfilvania ; being 215 miles in length, ?ni 125 in b'eadth. In the laA war between the Turks and Chri- ftians, the latter having loft the fatal battle ofCroizka, weie obhged to abandon the whole province to the Turks, frt^bnfequence of the treaty of Belgrade, concluded in 1739. It abounds in good horfes and cat* tie, and there are mines of feveral kinds. The inhabitants confift of Hungarians, Saxons, and original natives, who are very indolent ; a few only take the trouble to till the ground. However, the foil is fo fertile, that it is capable of producing any thing ; and there are good paftures with wine, oil, and all manner of European fruits. The inhabitants are chiefly of the Greek church, and the religion is tolerated, as in ail other parts of the Turkifh dominions. Walchxren, an ifland of the Nether- lands, in the United Provinces, and the principal of Zealand, it is feparaced from the iflands of N. and S- Beveland, by a nar- row channel ; and from Dutch Flanders 1^ the mouth of the river Scheld ; being fur. rounded on the other flde by the German Ocean. It is about 9 miles in length, and 8 in breadth, and lyirrg very low, is fobjeft to inundations ; but iv pretty fruitful, and has good arable and paflores lands. The ca- pital town C'f this rfland, and of the whole province, ii Middlcburg. ^ WAtedtfaT, '••y. W A L WAtCOO«T, or WALtNC»B»T, > town of the Netherlands, in the county of Namur, and on the confines of Hatnault, between the rivers Maefe and Sambre. The French attempted to take it in 1689, but were obliged to retreat with great Icfs. It is feated on the river Eure, 12 miles S. of Charleroy, and 17 S. W. of Namur. Lon. 4. 25. E. Ut. 50. I 3. N. WALDrcK, a town of Germany, in the circle of Wertphaija, and capital of a county of the fame name, with a rtiong c .ftie j feated on the river Sieinbach, ry miles S. "W, of Caflel, and 31 N. E. of Marpburg. Lon. 19. 9. £. lat. 51. iz. N. •Waldkck, a county cf Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia $ bounded on the E. and S. by the landgravate of HefR CafTel ; on the W. by the duchy of Wedphaliaj and on the N, by «'ie bilhoprick of Pader- born ; being about 30 Mihs m length, and 20 in breadth. It is a mountainous coun- try, covered with woods; and theie are minex cf iron, copper, quick- iilver, and alum. The principal town is of the fame name, and fuhjeft to its own prince. Walden, commonly called SArraoN- Walden, a town in Eflex, with a market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on Midicnt Saturday, for horfes, and on November 1, for cows. It is well inhabited, and feated on an afcenr, among pleafant fields of faf- fron, which is here cultiva^ed. It was for- merly noted for its caft.e and abbey ; and no: far from it was the Aatcly houfe called Audtey-end, accounted as magnificent as any in the kingdom, in the reign of king Charles II. It is governed by a mayor, 12 aldermen, and a recorder. It has a fine large old church of (he Gothic order, with a prefbyterian, a baptift, and a quakei's meeting-houfe. It is a large ilraggling place. with theftreeis not paved. A great deal of) malt it made here. It is 27 miles N. vV, I by N. of Chelmsford, and 42 N. by £. of | London. Lon. i. i;. E. lat. 51. 5. N. Waldknsii. SesVAUDuis. • Waldershare, a, village in Kent, <; miles S. of Sandwich, with one lair, on Whit-Tuefday, for pedlars ware. Waldkirk, a fmall to^vn of Germany, in AuArian Brifgaw, and in an iHand formed by the river Eltz, 5 miles fiom Fiibur^. Lcn. 8 3. E. lat. 48. 9. N. Waldschvt, a ftrong town of Germa- ny, in the circle of Suabia, and one of the four foeil- towns, fubjeA to the houfe ol Audria. It Is feated at the place where the river Schult falls into the Rhine, at the en- trance of the Black Foreft, 17 miles W. of SchaflrhaufcB. and 8 N, E. of Lauffienburg. W A L Lon. i. 11. E. lat. 47. 38. U» Wales, a principality in the W.of En{> land, comprehending la counties, namely, Anglefea, Carnarvonfhire, Denbighfhin^ Flintfhire, Merionethfliire, and Montgome- ry(hire, in N. Wales; Breckoockfhire, Car* dig.infhire, Carmarthenfliire, Glamorgan" Ihire, I'embrokelhire, and Radnorfhire, in S. Wales. This country is, for the moft part, mountainous, but its produce faf- ti.ient tor the maintainance of the inhabit tants. It is the country where the ancient Batons Aed, when this idind was invaded by the vidiorious Saxons, are now called Welch, and continue to preferve their own language. The Weftern part is bounded by St. George's channel, and the IriAi Sea; the fouthetn by the BriAot channel; the northern by the Itith Sea ; and the eaOern by the counties of Chef^er, Salop, Herefortf, and Monmouth. It contains 751 parilhes, 58 maiket towns, and above 300,000 peo- ple. The air is clear and (harp, but the cat- tle fmall, and provifions in general good and cheap. Wa*(s is particularly remark- able for goats, whici) naturally delight in tiilly countries ; for fewel they ofe wood, coals, and turfs. They have feveral cr^^'w and harbours for (hips, but the mod ic- markable is Milford Haven, where 1,000 velTels may fafely ride at time. It is wa- tered with many rivers, of which the prin- cipal are the Dee, Wye, Uik, Conway, Cluyd, and Twy. The principal towns muii be fought for uncier tb« names of th« counties. Walks, New, a country of N. AnFtericta on the S W. coa(t of Hudfon's bay, now in poff''fC\Qt\ of the Hudfon's bay company. W.^LKENRXiD, a town of Germany, in tiie circle of U|)per Saxony, and territory of Thuiingia. It is feated on the river Soigr, in the county of FIoenAein, and on the con* fines ot the principality of Calenberg, lo miles S- W. of Halberftadt, Lon. 10. 45. E. lat. 51. 37. N. • Waileburd, a town of SwifTerland, in the canton of Dafle or Rafil, with a ca- (lie, built un a high rock ; feated at ti-c foot of Mount Jura, an important pa(rage. It is 15 miles S. of Bafil, ard 15 N. E. of Soleure. Lon. 7. 37. E. lat. 47. 28, N. WALLiNcroRR, a town in Beikfhire, with two maikets, on Thu'fdays and Fri- days, and four fairs, on Tuefday before Ealler,foi pleafure, June 14, (or hotfe$,Sep- tember 19, for hiring fervant!>, and Decem- ber 17, for fit hogs. It is feated on the river Thames, over which there is a handfomc (lone bridge, and is a place of great an i« quity, having been furrounded with a wail a mite I TV ' ^'l !)l^ W A L a mile and a half in circumference. It had alfo a ftion^ canie, now demolifhed. It had iikewite four parifh churches, two vf which were demolifhed in the late civil wars. It is nuw a corporation, fends two members to parliament, has a free fchool, and a liandfcme maiket-houfe, in whicii the ma^'iOrates keep the fefllions. It is 14 miles N . of Reading, and 46 W. of London. Lon. I. 8, W. Lat. 51. 36. N. Walloons, a name formerly given to the inhabitants of Flanders, and to thofe of the Auftiian and French Nettierlands. Wa LFo, a town of Hungary, in Sclavo- nia, and capital of s county of the fame name, with a fortified caflle ; feated on the river Walpo, 20 miles N. W. of Eifcck, and 100 S. cf Buda. Lon. x8. 45. E.lat. 45. 33. N. ■ W A L s A LL, a town of Stafford (hi re, with a market on Tuefdays, and three fairs, on February 24, Whit-Tuefday, and Tuefday before October 10, for horfes and cattle. It is feated on the lide of a hill, is a corpo- ration, with pretty good houfes, fevcal manufaAories in iron, fuch as nails, bi idle- bits, ftirrups, fpurs, and otiier things of that kind ; ard lias been alfo greatly noted for bellows. It is 15 miles S. of Stafford, and 113 N. W. of London. Lon. 2. o. W. tot. sa 37. N. Walsham, a town in Norfolk, v'th a market on Tuefdays, hut no fairs. It is feated upon a level, not f.ir from the Tea, and IS a pretty handfome pbce, 7 miles £. of Norwich, and 1 1 6 N. N. E. of London. Lon. I. 34. E. ht. 52. 50. N. • Walsham, North, a town in Nor- fblk, with a maiket on Thurfliiys, and a fair on Afcenfion*day, for bullocks jnd horfes. It has one church, but pa-'t of the lleeple was been dov^ n for feveral years, and about 400 houfes with pretty good Areets, paved and tolerably wide. Lon. 1. 30. £. lat. 52. 50. N. Walsingham, a tn\wn in Norfolk, With a market on Fridays, and une fair, on Whit-Mondays, forhorfesanH pedlars ware. It is feated near the fca, and is but a fmall place to what it was formeily; tt having baen much frequented by pilgrims, who came to pay their devotions at a chapel de- dicated to the Virgin Mary, and where there is a fpring called the Virgin Mary's, or the Holy-Well ; and upon a ftonc at the edge of it is a crofs, where the people ufed to kneel, and to throw in a piece of gold, while they wifhed for any thing they wanted. Here are alfo the ruins of an old abbey, and a friary, both demolifhed in the reign of Henry VIII. It has f^ill one church, a "W A >7 qaakei'* meeting, \T)d «b»ut 300 moufet, moftly mean ones : the fireets ate not pav«d, and generally dirty. It is «x miles N. W. of Norwich, and 116 N N. E. of LondoA. Lon. I. o. E. lat. 51, 56. N. Waltham on thb Would, a ^own in Leicefterihire, with a market on Thurfdays, and one fair, on Septentber 19, for horfes* horned cattle, hogs, and goods of all forts. |t is a pretty good town, feated in a whole« fome air ; but the maiket is almoA diiuftr^. It is 19 miles N. E. of LeiceAer, and 91 N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 46. W . lat. S*-'.7- N- • Waltham, a town in Hamprtiire, with a maiket on Fridays, and three fairs, on the fecor^d Friday in May, for horfes and toys, on July 2 %, for cheefe and toys, and the firft Friday after Oflober 10, for horfes, fto^kings, and toys. It is 8 miles S. S. W; of Wincheflcr, and 65 W, by S. of London. Lon. I. «o. W. lat. 50. 57. N. Waltham Abbey, a town in EflTex, with a market on Tuefdays, and two fairo, on May 14, and September 25 and zb, for horfes, cows, and hogs. It is fo called from its abbey, and is feated on the river Lee, where it forms feveral fmall :(l»nHr. It is a pretty good place, ccnfidering it is fo near London, from which it is only 1 2 mile* N. by E. L~n. o. 3. E. lat. 51. 40. N. • Waltham St. Lawr E NCK, a vi?- lage in Berkfliire, 5 miles S. W. of Maiden- head, wirhonefairon Augull ic, for horfca and cattle. • Waltinbruch, a town of Germa- ny, in Suabia, and m the duchy ot Winem- burg, feated on the right bank cf tl.e tiver Aicb. • Walton on Thames, a village in Sutry, 8 miles W. of Kincfton, wit!) one fair, on Wednefday in Eafttr-week, for liorfes, cattle, and iheep. There is now a biidjre over the Thames at this place, which has bien lately built. • Wanborow, a village in Surry, three milfs W.of Guiltord, with one tair on Sep- leiviber 4, fur 1 oifcs, cattk, an;1 flieep. W.». NGE N, a final! imperial town of Ger- many, in the ciicle of Suabia. The inhabi- tants aie pajiiitci, and cairy on a great trade in paper and hard ware. It is fcnted on the river Ober-arg, 17 miles N. E. of Lindaw, and 32 N. E. of ConAance. Lon. 10. i. E, lat. 47. 35 N. • Wang Ev, a tovvnof Fiance, in Lower Alface, in tlic bailiwiwk of Walfalone j feat- ed on the fide of a mountain, and funound- ed with a wall three feet thick : it is 8 miles N. W. of Stiafburg. L^-n. S. 39. E. lat. 4?. 38. N. 39' YXAVTAGti •WAR Wantaoi, a fr>wn of Berkshire, wit^ ' a market on Saturdays, and three fairs, on the firll Saturday in March, July i2, and September 17, for horfes, cows, calves, hogsj cheefe, and hops. Jt is feated on a branch of the river Ock, and was foimcdy noted for the cheajinef . of butchsr's meat in itsmarket. It is 12 miles S by W. of Oxford, and 59 W. of London. -Lon. j. 2a. £. lar. 5'- 34. N. Waradin, a large and ftronj; town of Upper Hung^ry, and capital of a county of the fame name, with a ftroni; citadel, and i a billiop'i fee. It was taken by the Turks | in 1660, bu' the Impeiialifts retook it in j 1691. It is feated on the liver Sebes Keics, j 17 miles N. of Jula, and iii N. of Bel grade. Lon. «i. 2;. E. lat. 46. 1^3. N • War a n I n, a ftiong town of Stlava- nia, and capital of a county cf the fame name, belonging to the houfe of Aufliia; fuattd on the river Drave, on the contints of Syria, 50 milts S. W. of Kaniflci, and 32 N. of Zagrab. Lon. 17. 5. £. lat. 46 18. N, • Wabberg, a town of Sv-feden, in W. Gothland, and in the province of Holland, 30 miles S. of Gotienburg, with a caflle and a harbour. Lon. zz. o. E. l-«t. 57. 15. N. Warborr, a town of Germany, in WeHphaiia, in the biflioprickot P.i>rhorii, and on the frontieis of the lanr^gravate of Heire. It is moderately large, ha'ing two fub'jrbs, and was formerly impnial and hanftatic, but now belongs to tlie bifhoprick cf Paderborn, and is feated on the river Dy- mel, io miles S. E. of Padcrborn. Lon. ?>. 50. £. lat. 51. 35. N. WAREBRIDriK, or WaDIBRTDGS, 3 town inCornvwall, whofema:k-jc is difufc;, but it has three fairs, en May ] z June 21, and Oilober 10, for liorfes, oxen, (heep. clo'b, anfl a few hops It is (ea'td on ths river Camel, and is noted tot its bridttr over that river, which is the hardf nicll and Arongel) in the county, btinj fupported by about 10 arches, it is 20 miles W. of LaunceAon, and 2:7 W. ^y S. of London, Lon. 7. i5. W. lat. 50. 37- N * War or., a town of Denmirk, in Jut land, 15 miles from Ripen, fea'ed at the mouth of a river of the fame name War DM Ys, a fea-poi t town "f Norwe- gian Lapland, feated on an iflind of the fame name, very fm.il), and near the continent. It has an old fort where the governor ic- fidcs, and a flrect confiding of poor cot- t.»ge8. The covcrnnir'nt of thi* province extends from the gulph of Oilralton to Muf- •ovice Lapland, and cvrnprehcnds t'ne moQ WAR nortfiern part of Norway, which produce* li tie or nothing, ex^-pt a few paftures* The town is 120 mi .-s E N. E. ol the N. Cape. Lon. 32. 30. E. lat. 70. 35. N. Ware, a town in Her'.fordlhire, with a market on Tuefdayf, and one lair, on the fi'ft Tuefday in S'eptemhci, for horfes, and other cattle. It is feaied on the river Lee, ai.d is a haodfcme throiiRhf.«re place, with feveral {;ood inns, and h particul.uly notcfi tor its g:eat bed, and f^r the New River which begins 'o be cut not far from thence, and brings water to Lnndon, for the fervice of that city. It is 11 miies N. of London. Corn and m^lt arc almort conAantly dint (u-.m hence to London, by the liv/er Lee, whith fall* into the Thames rear Bow. I.on. o, 3. E. lat. 1)1. 50. N. War iHAM, a town of Doifeiihire, with a mirket on Saturdays, and three fairs, on April 7, July 1;, and September 11, *"or hogi and chetfe. T is feated between the rivers Frome and Riddle, where they fall into Luckford Like, and where there is a good haibour for fliips. It was a very large place, and had fevera! churches, now re- duced to three ; v alfo had a wall and a caftic; but has fuffered fo much by the va- rious turns of fortune, that it is now only the fhadow of what it was, and its harbour is choaked up j liowevei, it AVI f«nds tvo membc's to parliament, and is 20 miles E, of Dorchefter, and IC9 W. by S. cf London. Lon. 2. 15. W, lat, 50. A 5. N. • Way I HORN, a vilLige in Kent, fir miles S. f-'f Afhford, with one fair, on Oflo« ber 2, for horf'.;s, catie, and pedlars ware. * Warka, a l.andf.^me town of Poland, in the duchy '>f Mafovja, and in the pala- 'ma e ol Czsrik ; feated on the river Pilfa. ^ Lot). 31. 55. E. Ut. 51. 53. N. I Wahk-vorth, a viliane iu Norihum- berlard, 5 mile' S. E of Alnwick, feaftd I on th'~ river Cocket, with a caftle, in which 1 i; a chapil cut out of a rock. It has two ; lairs, on April 75, if on Thurday, if not, on T uifday hefoie, for bats, fhces, linen, and woollen chth ; and on November 23, it f n Thu.f ay, if not, on Thurfday before, for lioined octle, ftioes, hats, and prdlars ware. Warminster, a town in Wiltfliir 1' V II :tl ' WAS Wart A, a (own of Lower Poland, in the palatinate of Sirad, fcated on the river Warca, iz miles below Sirad, and 57 S. £. of Pofna. Lon. 23. o. E. iat. ;z. 18. N. Wartinbubr, a town of Germany, in mouth of the river Warne. The Swedts I Silefia, and capital of a iordfliipof the f^ame WAR Lon. «. 16. VV. ht. 51. 18. N. Warn EMU NDE, a to^^n of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and in the duchy of Mecklenburg. Ic is a fortifieti bulwark, feated on the Baltic Sea, at the had a houfe here, to take toll, but in 171c, when their affairs were upon the decline, the duke of Mecklenburg put a garrifon in ir. It is z6 miles N. E. of Wifmar. Lon. 12. ^o. £ lat. 54. 30. N. War NITON, a town of the Auftrian Netherlands, in Flanders } feated on the ri- ver Lys, 5 miles from Ypies, and 8 N. W. of Lifle. Lon. 2. 50, E lat. 50. 4.7. N. * Warnham, a village in Suirex, two miles N. W. of Har(ham, with one fair, on Whit-Tuefday, for pedlars ware. WARRiNGtoN, a town in Lancadiire, with a market on WedncAiays, and two fairs, on July 18, and November 13, for horfes, horned cattle, and cloth. It is feated on the river Merfey, over which there is a curious ftone • bridge, leading into Chefhire. It is a large handfome place, whofe market is well fupplicd with corn, cattle, prnvifions, and fi(h. It is 33 milt^s N. N. W. of Newcaftle under Lyne, and 181 N. N. VV. of London. Lon. 2. y.. \V. lat. 5a. 23. N. War SAW, a large and populous town of Poland, and capital of Mazovia, furrcurried with walls and ditches, and defended hy a fo>t. It contains a magnificent palace, where the king ufu^lly refides ; befides which there is another, which goes by the name of Cafimlr. It is divided into the Old and New Town, to wliicli may be added the fuburbs of Cracow an-l Piaf^a, both very well built. It is looked upon as the capital of Poland, bccaufe it is the refidercu of the kings, the place where they are elsdled, and where the diets mtef. Tlie eleAion is made in a field called Colo, about a mile from the town, in the middle of which is a building like a hall. It is feated at the end of large open fields, on the river ViAula, 160^ miles S. £. of Damzick, 112 K. by E. of Cracow, and 300 N. £. of Vi- enna. Lon. SI. 10. E. lat. 52. 14. N. * Warsof, a village in Nottingham- fhlre, 4 miles S. Ok Mansfield, with 2 fairs, on Whit-Monday, and November 17, for cattle and horfes. Wariovia. See Mazovia. Wart A, a river of Poland, which has its fource in the palatinate of Cracow, and crofTet thofe of Sirad, Kalifch, and Pof- nania ; and having received the Netic, on the confines of the marquifate of Branden- burg, it proceeds to difcbarge ilfelf into the Qder at CuArin. name, near the confines n{ Poland. It was furrouiided with walls and ditches, and de- tended by a caAle ; but in 1742, entirely reduce i to afhcs, except the caAie. It is 20 miles N. £. of Biedaw. Lon. 17. 30. E, lat. 51. 22. N. W AH WICK, the capital town of War- wicklTiire, with a market on Saturdays, and four fails, on May iz, July 5, and No- vember 8, for hoifes, cows, and iheep ; and on September 4, for horfes, cows, (lieep, and cheefe. It is feattd on a rock near the river .Ivon, and all the palTages to it are cut t'rougii the rock : nor is thei» any way to go to tliis place, but over a wa- ter. It was fortified with a wall, which it now in ruins ; but ic has nil) a (trrrk 5 on tlie N. by tlie ri- ver Sure, which fcpsratrs it f'om Tippera^y and Kilkenny ; and on t'v C by Watcrford- Haven, whicli parts it from the county of Wexford. It contains 0,^^ j Iioufes, 71 p^- riflies, 7 baronies, 4 'i noui^Iis, and fends 10 members to pailiamrtiit. Ir is a fine countrv, very plt.-afinr nnd ri..h, and tlie principal place is of tlie fame name. * Water LE ic •<, a village in Glouc.f- terrtiire, with one fair, on Sep'eir.ber 19, for cattle and horfts. WEI Wat I INC TON, a town in Oxforci.liire, witli .'^ maiket on bat iidays, and twofair&t en Lady-ilay, for pKafure, and on Oi5to« ber 10, for catlle and hogs. It is feated under Chilcern- hills, on a fmall brook, whicli, with the continued ridge, divides this county from Buckinghamfliire. It ii 14 miles S. H. of Oxford, and 43 W. of Lon* don. Lon. 1. o. W. lat. 51. 37. N, • Watten, a town of French Flan* ders, in the Chatellany of Bourbourg, feated on the river Aa, 5 miles from St. Omcrif with an AuguAine abbey. • Wattlesbur V, a village in Shrcp« Hiire, 7 miles W. of Shrewsbury, with ont fair, on AuguA 5, for horned cattle, horfcs, and (heep. Watton, a town of Norfolk, with • maiket on Wednefdavs, and three fairs, on June 29, September 29, and Odlober s8, 1 -)<■ toys and pleafure. It is feated in a flat, en the high road, and is a long place full of irms. It is 18 miles S. W. of Noiwich, and 90 N. N. E . of London. Lon. 1. 0. £. lat* 52. 38. N. Wayhill. See WtYHiLt. Wkc :, a borough and fea-port town of Scotland, in the lliire of Ca'lmcfs. feated Ci the Ge' man O^cin, 20 miles S. of Dunglby- K-'3d. L -n. 2. A5. W. lat. 58. 40. N. • Wk pmor e, a village in Somerfstlhire, 5 miles S. of Axbridre, with one fair, on Au^uft 2, for cattle .ind flieep. • Week, St, Ma r y, a village in Corn- wall, with two fairs, on September 19, .Tnd V''er!nefday t! ree weeks before Clirift- m n day, for hoii^es, oxen, (heep, cloth, and a I. w hops. • Weert, a town of t!ie Netherlands, in Dutch Biabant, and in the quarter of Bolciuc, ro miles from i^uiemonde. Lon* 5. 5';. E. lar. 51. 14. N. • Wketon, a village in Lancadiirc, ix miles W. of I'lellon, withone fair, on Tucf* day sfter Trinity-Sunday, for iiotned cattle, an:! fnnll ware, • \Vrft\\ ooD-B • NK, a place in Nrr- tiiuiiiberlanJ, one mile N. E. of Wooler, and 16 S. of Berwiwk, with one fair, on Whit-Tutfday, lot black cattle, iheep, Iioiit", and msic.nntiie goods. • WeiBsr.iDT, a town of Germany, ' ■" • Watfob d, a it)>vn of He'tfordniire, [ in i!;e circle of t!ic Upper Rhine, and in the with a maiket en Tuefilay?, and rne t.iir, | b (h.ipiicfi of Spire, lomil^^s S. E. of Meidel- on Trinity - Monday and Tuefdiy, for 1 hurjs, an.i j» N. W. of Hailbron. Lon. 9, horfee, cows, and Ihet-p. It is fe.-itc,d oTir| ijg'. 1-.. Int. 49 i3. N. the river Colnc, and is a laute well i."ha • Wkicu tkrb acm, a town of Cerma' bited place, whofe nn kc" is fupj lied with ny, in Wettrjvia, and in the county of pler.iy of corn. It i 7 m:!.s S. by W. ofi Ifenhurp, leated on the river Kintz, with St, Alban's, and 7 '.!. W. of Lcndon.i acallle, where tliecocnt of Ifenburg refides. 111 II Lon. 0. 17. W. 1?.. 51. 41. N. WtmicN, a town of Germany, in tho M m .'-0 m % «ircl« \V E I W E L «irc1e and palatinnte of Bav.ii la, capital of a i vfr ViAula, helow Dantzick, whofe harboor baiiiwickbelonging to the elector ot Bavaria; | it fnves xo deterd. Lon. 14. o. E. Ut. 54. fBbted on the river Nab, 15 mile* above | o, N. Pferimb, and 10 N. W. of I.euchiemburg Ion. 12. 19 E. Jat. 49.44. N. • Wkighton, a vilUiic in the W. Rit^ ingof Yorkihire, 7 nniles W. of Wetlie-by, with two fairi, on May 14, and Septenibei 15, for horfea and (heep. WtiL, or Weyi. I. a rown of Germany, In the circle of Snabia, and duthy of Wir- temberg. It Is free and impcriaJ, an;! the inhabitants are Roman Catholics. It is feated on tie fiver Worm, «a miles N. W. of Stutgard, and 21 N. of Tubingen. Lon. 8. 53. E. lat. 48. 53. N. WiitnuRG, a town of Germany, in VVciSEi. -Rivrn. See Vistula. Wf. is^h MnuRG, a town of France, in All'.-.ce, and in the territory of Wafgaw, on the frontieiii of the Falaftnate, and chief pl;ice of a bailiwick. It was formerly free and imperial, but was ceded to the French by the treaty of Ryfwick, who dirnol;ftied tiie (ortifica i(;ns. Between ihib place and Lauterhuis;, are t' e famous lines whicii ihtt Frt.->cii obligfd the AulUians to ab^mdon in 1744. 't is ftated en the river Lauter, 10 miles S W. of Lamiau, and 31 N. E. of Stiitflnirg. Lon. 8. x. E lat. 49. z. N. N^EissrwEURG, a free and impeiial the ciicle of the Upper Rhine, and in We- ! town of Germany, in Francoriaj and in the teravi'i, and county of NalTau. It is feared | bin.opri.k of AiJt'iHidt. The inhabitants on the river Lohn, 20 luilts N. E. of N.if 1 ait Prottliants, who have two churches in fau, ao N. W. of FranUfoit, and 1 5 E. of : this place, and un tlie tcriitory cf the Fortft Mentz. Lon. 5. 28. E lat, 50. 28. N. I of O^tks, ficm wlii^h the inhabitants reap • WnLHEiM, a town of German), in i grtm advantages. It is feated en the riv(»r Swahia, and in tie duchy of Wiitentburp, ! Redi.itz, 5 miles N. of Papenheim, and 30 feated on the livtr Lauter, with the title of S W. of Nmcmbuig. Lon, 10. 51. E. Ut. a county. I 48 cq. N. Weimar, a town of Germiny, in the ' • Wl 1 sszmb'j r c, a town of Germany, circle of Upper Saxony, and in T'uringia, ( 5n the circle of Upptr Saxony, and in the with a large and magnificent caftle, where | duchy of Saxony, on the fronticis o[ Bian- the duke refines, and which has been lately denburj^. It it lo miles ^rom Wit temburg, built. The moft remarkable things in this and ao from Deirau. Lon, 13. 1. E. I?t. place ate, the fpncioushallin the caftle. the I 51. 53. N. rich library, the curious cabinet of med;ils 1 We is^tMBuR 0, or Alba Julia, a and cuiiofities. It was foimeily a pamcu- I town ot Tianlilvania, and cnpiinl cf a br county, but now belongs to f'C duchy 1 county of the dvr.e name, fubjtdl to the of Sax- Weimar. It is feated on the liver | l.oufe of Auftria. It is feated »)n the river Ilm, io miles N. E. of Eifoit, and ao S. I Ompy, 30 mil':s S. of Claufcmburg, «ifh a W. of rJaumbutg. Lm. 1 1. 49 E. lat. 51, | fttong citadel, an acadamy, and a bi(hop'8 6. h . The du;hy of Weimar is about 1 7 miles in length, and 10 in breadth, and lies between the territory of Erford, the lailiwick of Ekarfburg, and the river Sa!e j at tlie W tnd of the Pbtten Sea, 36 miles ' in the cotinty of Schirfljurg. S, vy. ■• Bu-ja j fu^jcifl to the hcufe of Auf- Weingartin, ,< town of Geimsny, in . tiia, L. n. 1^. 3c. E. Lit /7. 22, N. the palatinate of the Rhine, fubjffl to the' Weiss enfei.ls a town of Germany, ele£lor Palatine j ftated on therivei Primza, j in the ciicle oi U; per Saxony, and ma'qui- 4 miles N. E.of Dourlach, and 9 S, ot Phi- fate ot Mifnia, where the fiuke of Sax-'»\cif- lipfburg. Lon. 9, 33. E lit. 49. 2. N. ftnlels rcl:des. It is feated on the liver Weinheim, a (own of Geim-toy, in tie ; Sab, 17 milrs S. W. if I.tlpfiJ', snti is fi- palatinate of the Rhine, and on the con- imsikible for the v (floiy which tl.c Swr.Us fines of the eleftorare of Mentz, fuKjefl tolgajr.ed here over tiie .'\uf\iian'>. Lon. ii. the eleftor Palatine. It is 9 miles N. of: 5. E. lat. et. la >:. Heidelburg, and 5 E. of Wor .iS- Lon 8. Wrl'- hi-ooi-, .t t.^wn ot .Monrgomery- 41. E. lat. 49. 33. N. I (hire, in TJ. NV.^les, wnh a mmket on Mon- Weisbadek, a town of Germany, in .l.iy". nnd !ix fjirs, in the fecund Monday the territory of Weter.vi.i. and c.-.unty of i in March, ihe (irft i\ionc'ay hcibrc tarter, Nalfau, where there are mineral waf»-r:;, in Ji>n'w> 5, a.ti\ Monday aUei June ao, Sep. high efleen. It is 1^ iriles W. cf Frank . rembcr 11, a-d Dccerr^her 16^ for (beep, fort. Lon. 8. o. C. lat. ^'u. 6. >'. ; homed trtttle, and I. 'ifes. Ir is festcc! i-n Weisei. MONOE, a fortrefs of Po!.ind,in | the liver .Severn, m a rii:!i vale, is the l3r?t(l I fte. Lon. 23, 15. E. lat. 46. 38. N. • V> EJSSEMBURG, OT SrULWErSSEM- nuRC, a town o! Lower Hungary, feated Regal Pruflia, fearid at t.'^-; m.,u;h of ihc ri- 2nd bcil-buiit wurpcauon in the CUDO'V, a L L s, a town of Germany, in the cir* happened here in Jily 173S, which, in fix ' cie of Auttria, feated on the river Trawn, howrs time, conruin--.'d above Soo dwellings | 10 miles S. of Lintz. Lon. 14. o. £. Uc« h oufei ; but it haa b.en (ince rtbuilt in a 48. 6. N. frv:)re iiandfome manner. It is iiniiltsN. Wim, a town in Shropfhiie, with a V/. of Nortliamptnn, and 6; N. by W. of 1 market on Thuifdays, and four fairs, on London. Lon. o. 4+. W. lat. 51. 20. N. May 6, and Haly-Thurfday, for horned cat- tle, fheep, linen, and flax feed ; on Jun» 29, and November 21, for horned cattle, horfes, linen- cloth, and hogs. It il frated on the river Koden, and is a fmall place, but the market large for cattle and provi- fton*. It h 9 miles N. of Shrewfbury, and 14S N. W. of London. Lon 2. 4a. W. lat. 52. so. N. WcNiioveR, a town in Buckingham* (liiie, with a market on Thmfdays, and two f.iirs, on May 12, and Odtober la, for cattle. I: is a borough town, and fends ing three q-i^iters ot a itiile in lenkxh up' n 1 i^'-o meml^ers to pailiament. It is 7 mile* Well IN o TON, a town of Shropfhite, v^itli a maiketooThiitfda)*, and thice fairs, on November 29, J'liie it, and Novemlier 17, fcr 'lorned tartle, hoifes, iheep, and hogs. It is fcatcd ntar Wreflcin hill, 12 niiles E. of S'lrewpjury, sn<1 i j.^ N. W. of Lon. 2, 30. W. lat. <;-• 4 v N. * Wellington, a town in Somtrfct- fliire, wit'i a market on Tlnnfdiys, and t furs, nn Thuridav before I-alUr, and Holy- Thurf 'ay, for cattle. It is fsatccl en the river To'.ie, and is a pieltv good place, b the road. [<: is 24 milss N E. ot Exe'er, and 151 W by S. of LonJon Lon. 3. 2j. \V. lac. 50. 57, N. • Wfli incton, a villatje in Suflex, 2 miles N. of Lewes, with one lair, on Wh it- Monday, for ptdlars ware. • VVem.dw, a village in Samtrfetfhiro, 5 mile S. of Bath, with two fairs, on May i a market on Mondays, and four fairs, on ao, and Otflot.er » 7, for cattle. j May it, for cattle, horfes, and fhe.p j July • Wells, a ft^a-port town in Norfolk, ; 5. for flicep ; Oftubir 17, and December fea'p<1 in the niithern part of 'lie county 1 4, for horned cattle, hoiffs, fh-rrp, and Jt has no market ncr fair; but a large hogs. It is feated en ti.e road from Wor I ! ceiUr S, 01 Ayltftiury, and 39 W. by N. of Lon- don. Lon. o. 4s. VV. lat. 51. 40. N. Wen KB, a lake of Sweden, in Weftro- gotltia, or WeA-Gotbland, to the W. of the lake Weter, being about 75 miles in length, and, in feme places, 37 in breadth. Wen LOCK, a town in S^iropOiiie, with i I W E R MiUr to Shrew(bury, it a corporation, and fcndi two mtmbcrf to parliament. It it is ■nilci S. E. of Shriwibury, and 151 N.W. •f London. Lon. a. 12. W. lat. 51 44. N. * WawivitBLt a towncf Denmaik, in S. Juxland, and capital of a prcr«Aure of the fame name ; fcated 00 the river Kyaa, 17 mild N. W. of Alburg. Lon. 10. so. 1. lat. S7* 6. N. WtNiYsaai. a fnall pcninfula in Den- mark, vvbicb makes ibc N. part of Jutland ; bounded on the S. E. by the canal of Al- burt; ; on the E. by tJic lirait of Denmatk ; and on the N. and W. by il« Ceiman Ocoan. The principal tovrn ia of the fame name. Wboblv, a town in Herefordniite, with a market on Tuefdayt, and two fairs, u» Noly*Thurfd«y,for horned cattle and horf«8; and the Thurfday three weiks after, for horned cattle, horfes, and coarfe linen- cloth. It ii pretty well kz'tA, it an anci- ent borough, and fends two members to par- liament. It had a pretty gocd trade for- merly which is now removed to Keynton, Jt is !• miles N. W. of Hereford, amd 1^0 W. N. W. of London. Lon. 2. 55. W. lat. 51. 10. N. WsaiEH, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, aai in tiie Old Marche of Brandenburg ; formerly a very ftrong and a well fortified pafTage on the ri- ver Elbe } but now all the fortifications are ruined^ It is fcated at the place where the river Habel falls into the Elbe, 60 miles N. W. of Berlin^ and fubjeA to tite king of Pruflla. Lon. 1%, tS. £. lat. 53. 5. N. Wbrchtirkn, a town of the Auftrian Netherlands, in Brabant, feared at the con- .fluence of the rivers Demat and Dyly, 9 miles E. of McchUn. Lon. 4. 40. £. lat. ai. 5. N. WtRSBH, a town of Germany, in the circle of WeOphalia, and county of Mark, with an abbey. The iniiabitants are Pro- tcftants, under the proteAion of Pruflfia. It is fea'ed on the river Rour, 10 miles N. £. of DuflTcldorp, and 10 E. of Duyfburg. Lon. 6, 31. E. lat, 51. 20. N. Wbrdknbbrg, a town of SwifTertand, in the canton of Glarns, and capital of a county of the fame nanv, near the .vsifcrn banks of the Rhine, 1 5 n>iles E. of Claris. Lon 9. 40. E. lat. 47. 8. N. Wbrlb, a town of Germany, in thecir de of Weftphalia, and duchy of MunAer, /eated on the river Siftl< ; fubjeA to the •leAor of Colojjn. It is 'jq miles ^. of Munfter. Lon. 7. lo. E. lat. 51. 33. N. Wbrmbland, a province of Sweden, in Weftrogothia, or \N cA-Gothland, bound- WES ed on the N. by Dalecarlia } en tht E. by WeAmania and Nericia } on ihe S. by the lakes \Arenar and Dalia { and on the W. by the mountains of Norway j being about roo miles in length, and ^o in bieadth j but full of lakes anc' marfhes, thin of peopif, and badly cultivated. Careniladt is the principal town. * Wbrn, a town in Germany, in the circle of WeAphalia, and in the bilhoprick of MunAer, with a handfome monaAery ; fcated near the river Lippe. Lcn. 7. 45. E. lat. 51. 40. N. \VBaTHBiM,a town in Germany, in the circle of Fianconia, and capital of a county of the fame name, where ^.iic counta refide. It is fcated at the conference of the rivers Tauber and Maine, to miles W. of Wurtzbuig. The country lies' near the ri- ver Maine, between the archbifhoprick of Mentz and the art. hbilhoprick of W ut t zburg, being so miles in length, and as much in bieadth. Wisii., a town in Germany, in the cir- cle of WeAphalia, and dutchy of Cleves, with a very Arong citadel. It is a large handfome place, and the citadel ftands on the Rhine, near the confluence of the Lippe. There aie twoCalvinill churches here, one for the Lutherans, and another for the Pa- pids ; but the regency of the town is in the hands of th« Calvinifls. It was formerly imperial and hanfiatic, but now belongs to the king of Pruflia, and is »5 miles S. E. of Cleves, and 45 N. of Cologne. Lon. 6. 41. E. lat. 51. 37. N. WssBNBBRG, a town of the RufTian empire, in EAhonia and in"Wig)and. It is pretty well fortified, and feated on the ri- ver Wifs, 4s miles S. E. of Revel, and 5$ N. W. of Narva. Lon. s6 48. E. lat. 59. 14. N. W 1 8 e R , a confiderable river of Germa- ny, and in Lower Saxony. It rifes in the county of Henneburg, in Franconia, being then called the Werra. It palfes by Smal- cald, crolfes a corner ofThurin^ia, enters the duchy of Brunfwick, and receives the FulH at Munden. Then it aiTumes the name of Wefer, runs along the confines of the circles of Wefiphalia and Lowei Saxony, waicts Corway, r-famelen, Minden, and Hoye ; then it receives the Aller, runs by Bremen, and CarieiDurg, or Carlfladt, jind falls into -he G«rrman Sea, on tfie confines of the do:hy o( Bremen. Wbstbbr, a town of WiltOure, with a market on F ric lys, and two fairs, on the firfl Friday in Lent, and Whit- ^' oday, (tr pedlars ware. It is pretty fo»d plac, fends two members to parliamcn', and the market WES WES matfcetU ccnfiderabU for corn. It is 14 I being about 75 milet in length, iiHf 4; In miles N. W. ojSalKbuiy, and 95 W, of | breadth. The foil is rot very fertile, bue London. Lon. ». 6. W. lat. 51; to. N, abaundi> in mines of iron, C( pper, lead, and * Wr.STBUK Y, a village in Shrop(hir«, fulphur. There arc alfo mines of filver } 7 miles W.ol Shic^Albury, with one fai', but ibey hive given over working them, on Augud 5, fur ihtep, homed cattle, and WestMbath, a county eflreland, in horfeb. the province of Leinfter, 3S miles in length, * vVbsteras, a confiderable town of and 17 in breadth ^ bounded on the N. by Sweden, capital of Weitmania, with a bi- Loncfoid and Cavan j on the E. by Eaft- Ai'^p':. fee, a citadel, and a famous coltc«:c. li is .1 pretty large place, where they hold frtqucnt fairs, and catry on a great trade in irun. Here, in tlic rtign of Gudavus I, the kingdom of Sweden was made hereditary, which wai before cicftive. Ic is feate Scpreniber 4, for cat-le and pedlars ware. • WEsT-HAn PON, a vil(aj;e m Nort!;- amptvinfhire, 6 mil-is N, E. of Daventry, with one fair, on 'A^y 2, for hats, haid- wart, and cloth. • W£ST-Horp, a town cf France, in Lower Alfnce, and flic chi»;f plati- of a bai- ]i\v;ck, wit!i .1 fortified caftle j (eated at the Toe of a mountain. Lon. 8. 37. E, iat. 48. 37. N. '•'.'ESTi Tw. SceE^srLow. ■ /. ■^T V AN lA, or WeSTM.A VI Af'I>, a P'c ' .eoi ''roDcr Sweden, He'-wecn Suder- meath j on the S. by Kin;;'s county ; and on the W, by the liver Shannon, which fe- parates it from Rofcommon. ic containa 9 a? I houfes, 6s parifhrs, 12 baronies, 4 boroui^hs, and fends 10 members to parlia- ment. It is one of the mof) populous and fertile counties in Ireland, and the princi- pal town is Mullingar. \V K B T M I N s T 1 B , » city HOW gcreralff included in Li>ndon j hut under a diAinft 5i>v«cnmenr, whofe power has been lately te.'uliited hy adl of pirliament. The deati .in-! chapter of Weftmirfler appoint the high llew.ird and high bailiff. The buildinga wiihin the liberty of Weflminfter have of . 1 ite bren exceedingly increafcd, fo that now ilicy c ntain tlie hoofes of all the prime no- bility and gentry in the kingdom. InWefl- niinlUr, pn perly fo called, is the palace of Whiiehall, the Parliament Houfe, and Wcdnninfter Hall, where tiie fuprrme courtr of juilicefor the kinj;dom are held, There is no biihop ; but a dean and chapter be- longing to the abbey, and which, with th« libtrty, fenHs two members to parliament. See London . V/ssTMOB ELA WD, an Engfifh connty, 40 miles in length, and «i in breadth; bcurded on the N. W. by Cumberland j otl the V/. and S. by Lancafhire j and on th« E. by YoiUfhire. It contains about 6,509 IK ufes, 39, coo inhabitants, a6 parifhes, t mntket :owns, and fends four members to parliament. The air is very fharp and cold J but healthy to tbofe whofe conflrtu- tions are able to bear it. It is a mountain- ous counfy, two of whofe ridges crofsthtf county, ind run towards the fea to the S. W. wlicre a bay of it vraihei this county. The' e are lome valleys fruitful in corn anrf p3f>u'cs ; and the hills fcrve to feed a great. : r, umber of (heep. The principal rivers are i the F.den, the K»n, the Loan, the Eamon^ the- Tees, the Lowther, the Hunna, the V/inHer, the L.ivennet- beck, and the Blin- kern beck. There are alfo four noted metrs or lakes, called LM'js- water, Broad- water, Horns -water, and Winnander-meer, Tile principal town is .-ippleby. • Weston ZoYL A no, a village irt So- merfetfhire, with one fair, on September I RUi.i.;; Gsii^wiaj Nelliivia, and Upland ; , 29, for all fcrts oi' cattle Wist- WET WiiTrnALiA, one of the cirdci ef Germany ) bounded on the E. by ci.e circle c>f Lower Saxony { on the S. by Htfk, WeAerwaldc, and the Rhine ; on the W. by the United t'lovincei } and on the N.by the German Sea. The air is cold ) but the foil pi oducei paHurei and fomc corn, tho* there arc a great many marfhci. The horfci aie larf;e, and tdc hogi in hii^h el^eem, cfpecially the hami, known by the name ot WcAphalia h.imt. Tlieptincip:il rivers are the 'A efer, the Embs, the Lippe, ar.d the Rouer. It containi feveral fovereiKnties, »t the bifhopricks of Ofnabiu^, MunOc, and Faderborn j the abbey of Corvey ; the priiicipality of Minden ^ the coon' .-g ot Ravenfburg, Tecklenburg. Riibu((;, Lippe, Lemgow, Spiegleberg, Suhawcnburg, Hoye, Dlepholt, Uelmenhorft, Olclenburj;, Emb- ctcn, EaA Friefland, Benthen, Lingen, and Scenfor. Thefe are to the N. of the liver Lippe. To the S. of it are the abbeys of Eircn and Verden ; the town o: Dortmund ; the counties of Maik, Homburg, and Runcklinckhaufen ; the duchies of Weft- p^alia, Berg, and Cleves. It hao no rapi- tal ; but Munfter it the mod confidtrabit town. • Westtm A LI A, tlie duchy of, is in the circle of VVeHphalia, and bounded on the N. by tlie bifliopricks of Munder and Ofnabiug, and the county of Lippe; on the W. by that of Maik ; on the S. by the territories of NafTau } and on the E. by tl e counties of Witgen^ein, Ha tzfeld, Wal- dec, and the langravate of Heire ; being about 40 miles in length, and 2; iobrcadih. It ii a mountainous country, full of wood ; but moderately fertile ; Arcnfberg is the ca pital town. Wist HAM, a town in Kent, with a market on Wednefdays, and one fair, on September 19, for bullocks, horfes, and toys. It is feated on the river Darent, on the confines of Surty, 14. miles N. W. of Tunbrid^e, and 34. S. S. E. of London. Lon. o. 10. E. lat. 51. 1 s N. WtSTROGOTHlA. ScC WeST GOTH- LAND . WtTER, a lake of Sweden, in Goth- !afid, to the W. of the lake Wener. It is very large, being about 80 miles in length from N. to S. and 15 in breadth from E. to W. WiTiRAVtA, a province of Gernnany, in the circle of tlie Rhine, having the elec torate of the Rhine on the W. and HelTe and the abbey of Fuld on the E. Jt is divided into tv/o parts by the river Lohn ; one of which is called Weteravia Proper, and the Mher Noith Wetetavia, or WeDerwald, W H I WiTMTtBT, a town in the Wefl Rid- ing of Yoikniire, with a marker on Thurf- days, and three fairs, on Holy 'I hurfd.iy, Augult 15, and November 19, for hnres, flieep, and hcga. It is feattd on lli« liver Wharf, 14 miles W. »f Yoik, and 177 N. by W. of London. Lon. i. la. W. lat. 53. 55. N. Wc7zi. Ai, a free and impriisl rown of Geimany, in Weieravia, furroon(*fd wuh diichts and walls flanked with luvvtrs. The inhabiiiin'S iirc HiottHan's, and ihey have a council nf 14 niemhers. In 1 61; j the im- I erial ciiamber was r«nniferred hit' er ficm Si^irr, nn account of the war» which r^va9- ed the Palatinate. It is fe.ited at the con- fluence oi the livers l.ohn, UiDe, .ond All- ien, five milts S. oJ Solmes, and7tN.hy E. of Spiie. Lon. 6. 43. E. lat. ^o. %%. N. • WKvetRriELn, a village in SuHlx, I a miles S. of E.GrirAead, with one lair, on July z9, for pedlars ware, WrxFOR r>, a county r.f L eland, in the province of Munfter, 38 miles in length, and 24 in bieadth ; botindid on tlie N. by Wicklow ; on '.he E. and S. by the O. ein j and on the V/. by Waieiford. It contains 13,051 lioufts, icgpaiiHie', g baionies, g buroughs. and ftndt 18 nxmbers to pailia- men:, Ic is alruitiul country in corn and grafs ; and the principal town ts oi the fame name. WixFORP, a fea-port town of Ireland, iind capital ui a county of the fame name. It was once icckoned the chief ci'y in lie- land, being the fiift colony of th: cnglilh, and is Hill a larue handfome tov«n, with a very commodious harbour at the mouth of the liver Shney, on a hay nf the irifh channel, 6j miles S. of Dublin. Lon. 6. 25 W. lat. 51. 15. N. Itcontains 1,003 houfeii. WlX ro, a fea-port town of Sweden, in South Gothland, with a hilhop's .'ee ; feat- ed on the lake Salen, 47 miles W. of Cal- mar, and 155 S. W. of Stoikholm. Lon. 15. 10. £. lat 56. 48 N. • WavHiLt, a village in Hampfhire, 3 miles W. of Andover, with the largefl fair in rn^,land, on October 10, for Ihcep, iea'her, hops, cheefe, and o'.her things of Itfs •. onfi^nuence. * Wkerwfl, a village in Hampfhire, 3 miits E of Andover, wiih one fair, on Sepitmber ?4, for Ihecp anrt bulloiki. ' WEYMOaTH. See M SLCOM BE Rk. flip. Whidah, or FiDAH, a kingdom of Afric-j, on the coart ot Guinea, ard to the W. of the G Id Coafl; but its extent is un- certain. However, it is about 10 miles along the Tea (bote. It is a very populous country \V H I country, and very well furnifhed wiih l>cr with a great number of all forts of beautiful and lofty trees, which afford the moA beautiful pro- fpefl in the wp.ld ; infomucli that thofe that have been here, reprefent it as a peife^l pa- radife. The iicldi are always green, and they cultivate beans, p-. :atocs, and Ituirs) nor will the Negroes here let a foot of ground rtinain uncultivated. Beftde^, they fosv again the very next day after they have reaped. The inhabitants are greatly civi- lized, and very refpe^lful to each other; cfpecially to their fuperiors, and they are alfo fo induftrious, that even ihe women are 4iever idle. Thefe btcw the beer, ilrefa the victuals, and fell ail foits of commodities at the market. Thofe that are rich employ their wives and (laves in tilling the land, and they carry on a confiderabie trade with the produ£l as well as in flaves ; for fome of them are able to deliver i,ooo of the lat- ter every month. The chief men have ge- nerally 40 or 50 wives, the principal cap- tains 3 or 400, and the king 4 or 5,000 However, tiiey are extremely jealous, and, on the lead fufpicion, wiil fell them to the Europeans for flaves. If any one happens to touch one of the king's wives accidental- ly, he is doomed to perpetual (lavery. This being confideted, it is no wonder that the women are not fond of bting the king's wives } nay, fome of them wiil prefer a fpeedy death to fuch a miferable life. The king fets little value upon his daughters, for lie will difpofe of them to the factors of the Engliflicompany, or the maders of (hips that come there. They live 'n a manner by guefs } for they have no fi;l\ivals nor di(tinc- tion of days, hours, weeks, months, or years. The cuftom of circumclfion is ufcd here ; but they arc not able to tell why they ufe it, nor from whence it is derived. They are fuch great g.imetlers, tliat they will (lake all they have ar play, net except- ing their wives and cliildren. Their rtli> glon iii very fuperftitious ; for they have a vaft number of idols ; and they deify the nio(i contemptible animal that tiiey fee firA in a morning, not excepting even ftoJcs and flones. However, tliey have a prli^ci* pal regard for fnakes, very hi^h trees, and the fea. An Engli(h faftor new come over, fnuud a fnake in the l-.oufe belonging 10 the fa£lory, and killed it without tie lea(\ fcru* pie } which f.) ircenfed the Negroes, that they were for revenging the ccalUofthe W H I fnake, not only upon him that killed it, but upon the wiiole fadory { but by the force of prcfenis, and the interpofition of the peo- ple of the other faftoriei, thU affair was made up, and the fnakchonouiahly interred. However, 10 prevent the like accidents, they gave them warning not to do the llko for the future. With regard to the animals, they have oxen, cows, goats, (heep, and hogs, as well as tame fowls ; fuch as tur- keys, ducks, and hens, which laft are ex- tremely plenty. There aie many wdd beafls within land, fuch as elephants, butfa- loes, tigers, feveral kinds of deer, and « fort of hares, with feveral uncommon ani- mals, which we have not room to defcribe. The fruits are citrons, lemons, oranges, bananoes, tamarinds, and fiveral others j and (hey have vaft number of palm-trees, from which they get their wine. All the common people go naked here, as in other parts of Guinea, only they have a cloth or clout to cover their naUednefs. Thtre hat been ftrange revolutions in thefe parts not many years agoj for the king, whofe coun- try is called Da!)omy, has not only con- quered this kingdom, but that of Arura, next to it, and entirely ruined them. Their trade condAed of flaves, elephants teetli, wax, and honey. The Englifh factory is 2CO miles E. of Cape Coalt CaHle, within land. Bows, arrows, beautiful a(raguay8, and clubs are tlie principal weapons of the nation. Whitby, a fea port town in the N". Ri.ling of Vork(hire, with a market on Sa- turda)S, but no fairs. It is commodioufl/ feated on the river Elk, near the place where it falls into tiie fea, over which there is a wooden-bridk'.e. It has a cuAom houfr, and near 100 vcirds belonging to the place. It was formerly of great note for its abbey, of which there are fome ruins ftill remain- ing. Among the fands on the (hore are (lones found refembling fnakes withoue heads j but they are not peciiliar to this place. It is 50 miles H. E. by E. of York, and 242 N, of London. Lon. 0. 7. W. lat. 54. 30. N. Whitchurch, a town in Hamijfhiie, with a maiket on Fridays, and four fai's, on April 23, June zo, and July 7, for toys, and October 19, for fluep. It waa anciently more confiderabie than at prefent; for it is now a poor place, though it is a bjrough fown, and fends two members to parliament. It is 24 miles £. by N. of Sa- lifbury, and 59 W. by S. of London. Lon« 1. 25. W. la:. 51. 2p. N. ^^HITCHURCH, a to\"o o(" Sbropfhire, w'Uh a market on Fiidays, and two fairs, N n n n on iT-j l.!l ■#?,] i> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. {./ ^ >> % ^ .^ .^ 1.0 ^Ui E£ lU lis iU lU Li 12.0 I ^% 0% ^ '^ ^;; ^ j^ 'K4 o^ ^:v >. *%w >' %^ r y Hiotographic .Sciences Corporation ^N <^\ <^ ^ '<> <^. 23 WIST MAIN STRieT WiBSTER.N.Y. MSM (716) •73-4503 \ %*> 4^> vv^ ^ _^; ? W I B ptt Whit-Monday, and O£lober 18, for Oiecp, horned cattle, horfes, hogt, flaxen ■nd hemprn clo'h, and fome woollen cloth. \' is feated on the confines of the county near Chtfhife, and is a pretty good place, whofe old cHurch was lately taken down, and a very large new one built in ihe room of it. It'is 20 miles N. of Shrewfbury, and 3 ;2 N. W. ot London. Lon. x. 40. E. lat. 5«. 58.N. • Whit DOWN, a village in Somerfet- Ihire, with one f^ir, on Whit-Monday, for bullocks and horfes. WHiTrHAVcNiafea port town of Cum - beiland, with a maiket on Thurfdays, and one fair, on AuguA i, for merchandize and toys. It is feated on a creek on tKe fea, on the N. end of a great bergh, or hill, walhed by the tide of flood on the weft fide, where there it a large rock, or quarry of hard white ftone, which gives name to the place, and which, with the help of a Urong Hone wall, fecures the harbour, into which fmall barks may enter. It is lately much im- proved in its buildings, and noted for its trade in pit-coal and fait, there being near it {I prodigious coal mine, which runs a confi- (ierable way under the fea. They have a cudom-houfe here, and they carry on a good trade to Ireland, Scotland, Chefier, Briftol, and other parts. It is 10 miles S. W. of Cockermouth, and 189 N. W. of London. Lon. 3. 6. W. lat. 54. 30. N. White-Sea is a bay of the Frozen Pcean, fo called, in the N. part of Mufco- Vy, lying between Ruffian Lapland, and Sa- poieda, at the bottom of which ftands the city of Archangel. This was the chief port the Ruffians had before their conquefl of l^ivonia. • White-Smith, a village in ^ufTex, with two fairs, on May « 1, for horned cat- tl^ and horfes, and en July 3, for horfes. • WiATKA, a duchy of Ruffia, bound- f d on the N. by Permia j on the S. by Ca- ifan : on the E. by Siberia ; and on the W< jjy ine Qfliacks. The chief town is of the fame name, which has a bifhop's fee, and is defended by a citadel, 100 niiles N. of pafan. Lon. 55. 35. E. lat. 46. 30. N. WiBURG, a rich and trading town of the Ituffian empire, and capital of Careiia, in Finland, with a bifho^'s fi;e, and a ftrong citadel. ' It was ceded to RuflTia by Sweden ]|n i7»i, and is feated at the bottom of a gulph, where it has a harbour 67 mi'es N. by W, of Nortburg, and 250 N. E. of Iliga. ' |L>on. 29. 50. E. lat. 60. 56 N. WiBuic, a confiderabie town of Den- niar)(, in N. 'Jutland, with a bifhop's fee, f^Riarkable for being the feat of thp chief WIG court of jufiice in the province. The half where the council aflTembles has the archivey of the country, and cfcaped the terrible fir^ tha: happened in the year 1726, and whicl| burnt the cathedral church, that of the Black Friars, the town hcufe, and the biihop't pilace ; but they have ali been rebuil! more magnificerft than befoie. It is feaied oi> the lake Weier, in a peninfula, 25 milea N. W. of Slefwick, and no N. by W. of Copenhagen. Lon. 10. 16. £. lat' 56. 50, N. Wicic. See Dukrstbde. Wick. See Ma » str icht. * WjcKHAM, a village in Hampfhire, with one fair, on May 20. for horfes. WicKLow, a county of Ireland, in the province of Leinflcr ; bounded en the N. W, by the county of Dublin ; on the E. by the Irifh Channel; on the S. by Wexford ; ' and on the W. by Kildarf and Cathctlough. It is 33 miles in length, 20 in brtadth, and indifferently fruitful. It contains 7,464 houfes, ; 4 parifhes, 6 baronies, 4 boiouglis, and fends 10 members to parllantent. Wicklow is the piincipal town, and feated on the fea fide, with a narrow harbour at the mouth of the river Leifim, over which flands a rock inflead of a caf\!e, furrounded by a ftrong wall, 34 miles S. of Dublin. Lon. 6 7. W. lat. 51. 53 N. WtCKWARE, a townofGloucefterfhire, with a market on Mondays, and two fairs, on April 5, and July a, for oxen and horfes. It is a mayor town, and well feated; 17 miles N. E. of Briflol, and 101 W. of Lon- don. Lon. 2. 30. W. lat. 51.' 35. N. * WiELiiciELOKi, aconfiderabletown of the Ruffian empire, in the weflern part of the dvchy of Arzeva, feated on the river Lovafl, with a good caflle. Lon. 31. 35. E. lat. 56. 32. N. * WiELVN, a town of Great Poland, in the palatinate of Sirad, on the confines of Silefia. It was ruined by the Swedes i(i 1636, but has fince been rebuilt, and has a good caflle. It is feated on a river which falls into the Warta, 20 miles S. of Sirad. Lon. 18. 47. E. lat.' 51. 12. N. WiGAN, a town in Lancafhire, with a market on Fridays, and three fairs, on Holy- Thurfday, qnd Qftober 13, for horfes, horned cattle, and cloth ; and on June 27, for horfes and horntd cattle. It is feated on the river Douglas, is a large well built corporation, fends two members to parlia- ment, and ha$ or had a manufaAure of weaving rugs, coverlids, at^i ticking, fof beds. It is particularly noted for its coal- pits, which produce I^annel coal, that will burn like a candle, ^t i« 27 miles 5. of Lan« W I L cafier, and 195 N. N. W. of London. Lon. a. 31. W. lac. 53. 37. N. Wight, an ifland lying on the S, coa(\ o( HampHiire, from whuh it is fep.irated by a narrow channel. It is about 20 milts in length, and iz in breadth, and confiAs of SL'tble and psifture lands, and has plenty ol game, It is exceeding pleafant, has a whuSefome air, ar.d on the coal) aie plenty of excellent fiCh. tt is Aron^ bo:h by art and nature } fat befides its caries, block- lioufes, and forts, it is furrcunded with craggy recks and cliffs, as well as danger- ous banks. 1 he narrowtft part of the channel at the W. end of the itland, is call- ed the Needles, throuk;!i which (liips pafs, but not without fome danger. The land is not level, but diverfified with hills and val- le)S, which render it a delightful place to dwell in ; and indeed it is very populous, ha ving' 3 6parini -churches,and feveral towns, the chief of which is Newport There is always a governor of this ifland, who is generally a fuperior officer of the army. A little diflance from it is Spithead, where the men of war generally rendezvoufe. * Wic. HTON, a fmall town in the Ea(\ Riding of Yorklhire, with a market on Wed" nefdays, and two fairs, on May 14, and September zs, for horfes and flieep. It is feated at the fpring head of the river Skelf • ler, 16 miles W. by S. of Yoik, and 179 N. by W. of London. Lon. o. 45- W. lat. S3-55-N. * WiGMORE, a village in Herefordshire, 7 miles N. W. of Ludlow, with two fairs, on April 25, and July a 5, for horned caule, horfes, end fheep. * WicTON, a little town in Cumber- land, with a market on Tuefdays, and one fair, on March 15, for merchandize and toys. It i& feated among the moors, is •niles S. W. of CarliHe, and 189 N. N. W. of London. Lon. 3. o. W. lat. 54, 50. N. Wigtown, a borough and fea>port town of Scotland, in the (hire of Galloway ; feated at the mouth of the river Cree, 95 miles S. W. of Edinburgh, on a bay of the Irilh channel, and has nothing remarkable befides its haibour. The (hire of Wigtown fends one member to parliament. Lon. 4 40. W. lat. 54.48. N. WiHiTSCH, aft ontier town of Turky in Europe, in the province of Bofnia, feated on a lake formed by the river Unna, 40 miles S. E. of CarlAadt. Lon. 16, 40. E. lat. 4$. 30. N. * WiLDBSHDSKN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia, on the confines of the bi(hoprick of Munfter, and capital of a fooall bailiwtcki It is feated on the river W 1 L Hande, and is united to &.e iuchy of Bre- men ; but the bifhops of Munlter think they have jufl pretenfiors to it. It is iS miles 9. W, of Biemen. Lon. 11. 55. £. lat. 53. 13. N. WiLKOMiR, a town of Poland, in Li- thuania, and in the palatinate of Wiinn^ feated on the river Swiela, 35 miles N. W. of Wilna. Lon »6. 51. E. lar. 51. ife, N. Williamsburg, a town ot N. Ame* ' rica, in Virginia, and capit.fl of tl1.1t colony. It is at prefent but the rudiments of a town, there being no more than 50 or 60 fcitter- ing houfes, though tht.y arc well built, and ftand on each fide a 1on$ broad ftreet. There is a college at the upper end, deHgrxd at firft for the inftru£iion of the native Ame- ricans. It is well endowed, but does not anfwer the original defign, thofe people be- ing averfe to all fnrt« of learning ; and there- fore it now made ufe of for inftruAing the fonsof the plante:s. It is 7 miles N. of James-town, and 50 W. of Cape Chatlts. Lon. 76. 30. W. lat. 37. lo. N. William's Fort, is a faflory of Afia, belonging to the Ea(\- India company, feat- ed en one of the branches of the "-iver Gan- ges, in the kingdom of Bengal. The fort was firfi bnilt in the (hape of an irregnlar tetra- gon, of brick and mortar, and the town has nothing regular in it, becaufe every one built a houfe as he liked beft, and for his own conveniency. The governor's houfe is within the fort, and is the beft piece of architeAure in thefe parts. Here there are alfo convenient lodgings for the fad^ors and writers, with ftore-houfesfor the company's goods, and magazines for ammunition. About fifty yards from the fort is the church, built by the charity of merchants refiding here. The town is called Calcutta, and has a pretty good hofpital for the fick, iho* few come out of it alive. It is governed by a mayor and aldermen, as moft of the company's faAories in the Eaft- Indies nowr are. In 1757 it was furprifed by the nabob of Bengal, who took it, and put nwft o£ thofe that had made reliAance, into a place called the Black Hole, where moft of them were fmothered. This nabob was after* wards killed, and another fet up in his room, more friendly to the Englilh ; and the faQory is nowre-el)abli(hed. It is 3; miles S, of Hugly, and 38 N. of the fea. Lon. 86. o. E, lat. xi. 27. N. Willi AMSTADT, a fea- port town of Holland. It is a handfome ilrong place, and the harbour is well frequented. It was built by William prince of Orange, in 1 s8$ ; and in 173s belonged to the ftadiholder oC Fricfland. The river near which it is built^^ N n n n ft ' »• U 1 ij I W I L is called Butteiflict, or Rollind Diep, and i* one of ilic bulwarks oi the Dutcti on the fide of Biabnnt, where they always keep a Karrifon. It is 15 miles N. E, of Derg-op- Zoonn, and it S. W. of Uordiecht. Lon. 4. %i. E. lat. 51. 41. N. * WiLLisAw, a rmall hut handfome town of Swiirei land, in the canton of Lu- cern, featcd among high mountams on the river Wiger. •VViLLiTON, a village in Somerfet- ftiire, S miles E. of Minehe;>d, with one fair, onTrinity-Monday, lor (uid-ware and tO)S. •Wilmington, a village in SuflTcx, 6 miles N. VV. of Eaft Bouin, wit'n one f.nr, on September 17, for llua)> and pcdlais wate. WiLNA, a large, rich, populous, and trading town of Poland, in the duchy of Lithuania, and in a pntaimatc of the fame name, with a biHiop's fee, an iiniverfity, an ancient cadle, and a palace, The houfeb are all built of wood, and it is the feat of the* palatinate, of a caDellan, and of the parliament of Lithuania. It is inhabited by difTcrent nations, who come thither (o trade; and fcated at the confluence of the rivers Vilia and Wilna, iz miles £. of Trcki, and )a5 N. W. of Warfaw. Lon. z6. 43. £. lat. 54. 3*. N. * Wilna, the palatinate of, a country of Poland, in the duchy of Lithuania ; bounded on the N. by Semigalla, Livonia, and the palatinate of fuloczA j on the E. by thofe of Wirepflc and Minlki ; on the S. by the fanne, and that of Troki ; and on the W. by the fame, and that of Samogitia. Wilna is (he capital town. * Wii.tHOTi[N,a town of Germany, in Bavari.i, feated at the confluence of the ri- ver Wils with (he Danube, It was taken bygeneial Brown in 1745. * WiLSNACH, a town of Germany, in the margravate of Brandenburg, featcd on a rivukt that fails not far from thence into the Elb. Wilton, a town in Wiltflure, with a market on Tuefdays, and three fairs, on May 4, September iz, and Novemlter a, for fheep. It is feated rear tlic iiver Wil- ley, is an ancient place, and formerly the cliief of the county. Ii is now hut a mean town, though it ftnd« two memheis to p.ir- liament, and is the place where the knights of the (hire aic choU:n. I: has a mannfac- tory in carpets, and is 7 miles N VV. of Sa- lilbury, and 86 VV. by S ol London. Lon. ». o. W. lat. 51. It. N. WiLTSHit£,an ErgUH) county, ((t miles in length, and )4 in bicadth j bounded on W I N the W. by Somerfetfhire { on the N, by Cloucelleiniire; on the E. by Berklhirc and Hampfhire j and on the S. by Dorfct- Ihire and Hampfhire ; being 54 miles in length, and 3] in breadth. It contain* 18,000 houfes, 168,000 inhabitants, 304 parilhcs, ai market-towns, and fends 34 members to parliamnnt. The principal rivers aie, the Willet, tl reign. As the knights die, their banneirs are taken down, and their titles and coats of arms engiaved on little copper plates and nailed to the ftalls, from whence they are never removed. The apartments of this palace are adorned with curious paintings, and the rooms are large and lofty, infomuch that they are hardly to be paralleled in Eu- rope. The parifli church is large, having a ring of 8 bells, and in the High-ftreet there is a handfume town hall, with a ftatuc of queen Ann at one end, and prince George of Denmark at Ck other, It fends 2 mem- bers liii W I N to'pirliament, and it 14 miles W. 'of London. Lon. o. j;. W. Ut. 51 aS. N. * WiNGHAM, a village in Kcnr, 5 mitci W. ofSandwic'i, wiih two faiit, on May I, and November 1, for cattle. * WiNOURLA, a town ot Alia, in the Eaft-lndiri, and in the kingdom of Vifa- pour, feaied on the Tea Acte, a little tu the N. of Goa, where tKe Uuicli have a faAory. Winn ic I A, a Hrong town of Poland, in Podolia, and capital oi a teriitory of the fame name, in the palatinate of Braclaw, with a cafilc. It wai taken by the CulVacka in i6;8 i but the Poles retook iifoon after. It ia fcatcd on the rivci Dog, % s miles N. of Bracklaw. Lon. 19. 11. E. Ur, ^(). xS. N. WiNoxBiRC,oi BcRcurs, a (own ot the French Niihei lands, in FUndei I, featid on the river Coline, j miles S. of Uunkiik. Lon. 9. 15. E. lat. 50 56. N. Wi NSC HOT IN, a town of the United Provinces, in Gioningtn, wheic the prince of Orange defeated the Spaniards in 1548. It it 6 miles S. W. of Dollartbay, and 14 S. E. of Gi'oningen. Lon. 6. 50. £. lat. S3 'S N. WiNSRN, a town of Germ.iny, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and duchy of Lu aenburg, feated at the couflurnce of the ri- vert Elb and Ilmenau, is miles N. W. of Lunenburg. Lon. 10.0. E. l,it. 5^ $0. N. * WiNSHiiM, an imperial ti^wn of Germany, in the circle of Fianconia and marquifate of Anfpach. It is furrounded by a good rampart, a double ditch, and thick walls flanked with twenty towers. The inhabitants aie Protefiants, and in 1730 a file happened here, which almcfl reduced the pbce to aflies. It is feated on the river Aifch, 30 miles N. W. of Nuiemburi;, and 37 S. W. of Bamberg. Lon. 10. 14. E. lat. 49. 30. N. Wins LOW, a town in Buckinghamfliire, with a market on Tuefdays, and two fairs, qn Holy'Thurfday, and Augun it, for cat- tle. It is feated in a good foil, where there it plenty of wood, 7 miles N. of Ayin>ury, and 45 W. N. W. of London. Lon. o. 45. W. lat. 51. 55 N. WiNSTiR, a town of Derby (hire, whicii haino market; but a meeting for the fale of provifions en Saturdays. It is la miles N. of Derby, iind 133 N. N. W. of London. Loo. I. 31. W. lat. 53. 12. N. * Winter BORN, a village in Gloucef- tcrfbire, S miles N. £. of Briftol with two fairs, on June 39, and Odober 18, for cat- tle and Oieep. * WiNTKRTON, a village in Lincoln- ihirr, with one fair, on July j, for feveraj font of goods, W I s • WlNTgRINQHAM, I VilUgt iU Liflj- coInOuie with ong lair on July 14, lor homed cattle and gouds. * W 1 N T ■ R T II u R , a handfome town o( Swideiland, in the canton of Zurich, whero there is a rich library and a mineral fpring. It It feated on the rivci UUch, in a picafant fertile plain, 15 mile« N. E. of Zurich. Lon. S. 58. R. lat. 47.4a. N. • WiNToN, a village in riami^flnre, j miles N. of Chiill-Chiirbli, wiih two falr», on the til It Monday in Lent, for bacon, chcclr, leather, and liorfis, imd on OAo< her a4, lor leather, hoifes, luUock!>, and fheep. * WiNSciioTi, a town of the United Provinces, in the lordlhip of Gioni'gen, ^% miles from the town oi th.it name } here the prince of Orange defeated an army of the Spaniards in 154S. W iNTiRTONMts, the N. E. Cape of the county of Norfolk, 4 miles N. of Yar- mouth. WiRKswoRTH, a town in Derbyfhirff with .1 maiket on Tuefdays, nd two fairs, on May i, and September 3, for horned cattle. It is feated in a valley near the f|)iing-head of the river EccUlborn, and it a pretty large populous place, with a hand- fome church, a free-fchool, and an alms- houfe. It is lemaikable for having the greatef\ Icad-maiket in England, h is 8 miles N. by W. of Deiby, and 108 N. N. W. of London. Lon, i. 30. W. Ut. 53. 6. N. WiRTBMBURC. See Wu R T t M B U R 0* WisBADBM, a town of Germany, in Weteravia, and a chief place of a lordfhip of that name, famous for its mineral wa- ters. It belongs to the count of Naflau, and is 5 miles from Mentz, and 16 W. of Francfort. Lon. 8. 15. E. lat. 50.0. N. WisBBACH, a town in CambridgeHiire, with a maiket on Saturdays, and five fairs, on the Saturday and Sunday before Palm- Sunday, the Saturday before Whit-Sunday, Augull I, and t8, for liemp and flax, and on Monday before Whit-Sunday, and July as, for horfet. It is feated in a fenny part of the county, in the iAe of Ely between two rivers, and it a plare of fome account. It is 18 miles N. of Ely, and 88 N. by E. of London. Lon. o. 16. E. lat. ^2. 40. N, WisBV. a fea- port town of Sweden, in the ifle of Gothland, whofe haibour it de- fended by a caftle. It has received fo much damage fiom the fea, that it is nothing novr to what it was formerly. It is feated on the fide of a rock, on the Baltic Sea, 88 miles S. £. of Stockl oltn. Lon. 19. ai. E. lat. S7> 4c. N. . : „. ^ WiSlT. W I T * WiiBT, a fmall foriiAed town of ttic Kct>)«rlandi, ftatcil on ilie river Macfc, S miles S. of Maediichr, and j N. of Leige. |.on. 5. 4S- E- '*(■ SO- 4S* ^• WiirHoaon, a townof Poland, in ilia province of Warfovia, and palatinate of IMuckfko, fcated on ilie river Viftula, 40 miles N. W. of Warfaw, Lon. xo. 30. E. laC. S). o. N. Wmi.uk I, a town in Germany, in the l^ower Palatinate of the Kliine, fuhjcA to the elcAor Palatine. It is fcated on the ri ver Elfatz, 8 miles S. of Heidclburg. Lon. 9. ^1. E. lat. 49. 15. N. W16MAR, t Urge and ftrong town of CiCrmany, in Lower Saxony, capital of die duchy of Mecklenburg!, with a hArhnur. It was bombarded by the king of Denmark }n 17 It, and in 171 s forcrd tofuncndcr to the allies of the North, who demolifhed all the forttficaiionx, and blew up the fort. In 1711, it was reftorcd to Sweden ; but upon condition they fliould never fortify it again. It is the handfome(l and largeft town in Mecklenburg, and the harbour, w^icb is on the Dalii'k Sea, i| very fafe (or niipii, be- ing at the bottom of a gulph, or buy. It is 40 miles E. of Luhrck, i;8 N. E. of Lu- nenburg, and 70 W. by S. of Stralfund. Lon. II. 57. E lar. 53. 56. N. WisTON, a town of PemhrokeOtire, in S. Wales, with a market on Wednefdays, and one fair, on November 8, frr cattle, horfes, and (heep. It is but a mean place, though it has a caAle, which is now a gen- tleman's feat. It is la miles N. of Pem- broke, and 191 W. N. W. of London. Lon. 4. s». W. lat. 51. 54. N. • WiTCHnuRY, a village in Wiltfhire, with on? fair, on November 6, for hogs. WiTiPSKi, a town in Poland, in Li thuania, and capital of a palatinate of the fame name, with a caftle. It is feated on a morafs, which renders its approach difR- cult ; and its forti(icati>ins are fo good, that the Ruffians have beliei;ed it feveral times in vain. It Hands at the confluence of the rivers Dwina and Widlba, 50 miles N. of Polocflc, 80 N W. of Smolen(ko, and 165 N. E. of Wilna. The palatinate is bounded on the N. by the duchy of Refcho ; on the E. by Biela, and the palatinate of Smo- lenflco ; on the S. by the palafina'es of Mciflaw and Minflci j and on the W. by "V^ilna and Polofch. WiTHAM, a town in EfllVx, with a inarket on Tuefdayti, and two little fairs, on Monday before Whit-Sunday, and Sep tember 14,. for toys. It is feated on the branch of the river Black- Water, and is a good thoroughfare tovrn half a mile in length. W I T It li governed by a high-bailiff. Ire an I'.i'i one chu'cli, which is an anctent GothI Hruflure. The houfes amount 10 abou 500, and a'e in gcnt;ral tolcr.ibly good, and (jutty lolty ; hur ttie Drerrgi, t'-oiif^h wid«, MIC not paved j nnd no m.inu(ad(i>rx is car- ried on here. This loovn ii S ntilex N. E. of Chelmsford, and 36 ?.. N. R. of London. Lon. o. 43. E. lat. 51. 50. N. • With SR inn r, a village in Oevoiio (hire, 8 milts W. of Tivrton, with » fairs, on June 14, and Wcdncfday before April 16, for cattle. • WiTHVAM. a village in SiifTcx, with one fair, on 0£)ober 10, for cattle and pedlars ware. WiTNiv, a town in Oxfordfhire, with a market on Thurfdays, and three fairs, on Enfler-Thuifday, and June 19, (or all forts of cattle; and on November 13, for the finie, and chccfe. it is a large, long, liiangling place, whofe inhabitants have the greateft manofadtory inEngland for blankcta. It is 8 miles W. of Oxfoid, and 63 W. N, W. of London. Lon. 1. 30. W. lat. 51^ 45- N. WlTTIMBERO, or WlTTENRIIta, a ftrong .ind famous town of Germany, its the circle of Upper Saxony, and capital of the duchy of Saxony, with a famous uni> verfity and a good caflle. It is not very latge, but is well fortified { and it hat a conflrtory, or court of juftice, and the place wheie the general alfrmhlies of tiie circle are held. It is famous for being the place where Martin Luther was profe(rur in the univerfity ; and he is buried in a chapel be- longing to the caflle. It is feated on the ri- ver Eib, 13 miles E.ofDcfTau, 4^ S. W. of Berlin, and 55 N. W. of Urefden. Loo, 13. 10. E. lat. 51. 54. N. WiTTKNiuRC, a town of Germany, in Upper Saxony, and in the Old Marcheof Brandenburg, feated on the river Elb, 60 miles N. of Brandenburg. Lon, iz. 19. E. lat. $3. xc. N. WiTT»NSTBiN, a town of Sweden, in Livonia, now fubjedl to RufTia j 40 milca S. of Revel Lon. 30 33, E. lat. 58. 50. N. *WiTTiRSHAM, a viihge in Kent, with one fair, on May 1, for pedlars ware* *WiTTLisiA.a village in Cambridge* (hire, 4 mileK E. of Peterborough, with 3 fairs on January 75, June 13, ard 0£l«>- l>«r x(, for hrrfes and cattle. That on June < 3, is a ereat fair for hones, and if it falls on a Saturday, it is kept on Monday. •WiTLisTH a town in Germany, in tt e circle o» the Lower Rhine, snd in the archbiflioprick of Triers, or Treves, feated on the river Lefer, with a caftle. • Wits. :i \V O L • WiTiNAVtiN, t lown of Germany, in the landgravaie of Hefle Caflel, and the ,clii«l plac« of a fmali territory of the fame name { feated on the river Wefer, between Allendoif and Munden, 8 miles from Caf fiJ. Wittlkky-Mkir, ■ Like of (he lOe •f Ely, in Cambridgelhire, on ihe confines of Huntingdonfhiie, which is 6 miles in length, and 3 in bicadth, and is 11 miles W. of BIy. WiTTiMUNo, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weflphalia, and county of Rmb- deb, (eated n«ar the German Sea, 15 miles Mt of Embden. Lon. 7. o. E. lat. 53 50 N. WivtcsroMn,a town in Someifctfhire, vvith a market on Tuefdaya, and two faiis, I on May 11, and September 25, for cattle. { It 16 feated among rich and pleafant fields, 1 30 miles N. N. E. of Exeter, and 153 W. | by S. of London. Lon. ). x8. W. lat. 51. 6. N. . Wliaislaw. See Inowlarslaw. • Wlozimkitz, a town of Li; tic Po Ia|)d, in Upper Vothinia, and a capital of a duchy of the fame name, with a caAlc ^ J'cated OP the rivuiel Luy, which falls into Uic Bog, 67 miles N. E. of Limburf;. and 30 W. of Luc. Lon. 15. x]. E. lat. 58. 48. N. Woauan, a town in Bedfordihire, with a market 00 Fridays, and three fairs, on March 33, July 83, and October 6, for cat- tle. It is feated on a rifing ground, on the high road from London to Northampton j was formeily famous for its abbey, which now btloitgs to (he duke of Bedford, and is hi» country feat. Befoie the houfe is a ba- ton, near half a mile in compafs, on which .is a pleafure yatoht. Ic.Aands in a paik 9 miles in circumference, furrounded with a brick wall 10 feet hi^^h. This place was burnt down in i7;»4, but has fince been neatly rebvilt, with a handfome market- place. It has aifo a free fchool, and a cha- rity fchool, founded by a duke of Bedford. Near it is Coupd great plenty of fullers earth. It is II miles S. of Bedford, end 43 K. N. W. of L ndon. Lun. o, 40. W. tat. 52. o. N. WoDNAY, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Frach ; fe^ited on the river Bianitz, I a miles N. W. of Budwcifs, and 56 S, of Prague. Lon. 14. o. E. lat. 49. o. N. WoiRDBN, a town of the United Fro vincee, in Holland ; feated on the Rhine, .]S miles S. of Amiierdam. It was taken by the FreiKh in 1672, who dcmoliflied the fottifications and the caftle. Lon. 4. 41. B. lat^ 51. 10. N. Wo L Kn, A vown in Gerojany, in Silefia, •% W O L and capital of a duqhy of the fame name. It is furrounded with (Irong walls, and a moraf.-), and one piit of the houfes k Wolfembut- tie refides. It it one of the Aronged piacep in Gtrinany, though the fortifications want repairing in feveral places. There is an ex< cellrnt library, kept in a building lately ei eflcd for that purpofe,confi Aing of 1 1 6,000 printed books, and icoo uncommon books, with (j^crtbiiict of cuiiofitics, leUting to na- tural hiHory, It is fuated on the river O':- ker, <, niiles S. ol Brunfwick, and 30 VV. oi Halberliadt. Lon. 10. 40. £. lat. aa. ic. N. WoiriFDYKE, an i/landof the United Province'^, in Zetland, between N. Beve- land and S. Beveiand, from which it has been fe|iarated by the violence of the fca. It contaiiH nothing confiJerahle. WoLFSPERC, a town of Germany, in Lower Carinthia, with a caAle, on which the diAriA ahouc it depends, which is 20 miles in length, and 10 in brcidtli. It is featrd on the livcr LavanH, at the foot of a mountain covered with wood, and full of wolves, from whence the town tock its nan>e. It is -,d miles £. of Clagenfurt. Lon. (s- iO' E. lat. 47. 6. N. WuLGA, a river of Ruflia, and thought to be the gre^teA in Europe. It rifcs in a fm-ill lake of the fame name, in the duchy of Refwhow, near the confines of Lithuania, and running N. E. to the confines of the duchy of Mufcovy, runs direflly N. till if reaches that of Bielegezoio ; and from thence runs E. by S to Cafan ; whence it proceeds directly S. forming fcvcral large iflands, till it comes to AArachan ; and be- low it, falls into the Cafpian Sea. In its couife it paflcs by Twer- Jeriflaw, where it is a mile and a half in breadth. I^rcm thence it runs on to Nitt-Novogorod, where it is 3 miles in breadth j thence it paAes to Cafan, S.imara, Saratof, Txaritz't, Tzenowar, and AArachan, as before. It runs a couife 0/ above 2000 miles, and is deep enough the greate A pai t of the way, to carry la' ge (hips. At the mouth of this river near AArachan, aie prodigious large fturgeons* and it is con- fidently ( name, \, and a W O L il^tntly sflirnied, that one of their roe* will weigli 300 pounds. Of ihcCc they n>»ke c«vur, fo well known in moft par(« o» 'Europe. WoLOAST, a preftv confiderahle town of Germany, in the circle of ITppei Saxony, •nd in Pomerania, capital of a territory ot the fame name, with a caf\le, and one of the be(l and largeft harbours on the Baltic Sea. It is a welt built place, foh]e6l 10 Sweden, and fcaied on the river Plin, 11 miles S. E. of Gripfwald, 1 ^ S, E. of Stral- fund, and 45 N. W. of Stetin. Lon. 14.. 10. E. lat. S4. « N. WoLKosKO!, a town of RulTia, in the province of Novogorod, 100 miles S. E. of Novogorod. Lon. 35. ao. E. lat, 57. 30. WotKowsKA, a town of PoUnd, in t'le duchy of Lithuania, and pilatinjte of S'o- vogrodcck; featcd on the river Ros, »^ miles S. of Grodno, and 5 5 W. of Novogro* deck. Lon. 14. o. E. lat. 53. o. N. WoLLBn, a town in NoithumbeiUnH, xvith a confiderable market rn Thuifdays, for corn, and tw> fairs, on May 4, and Oitober 17, for black cattle, liorfes, Ihtep, and mercantile goods. It is fvated on the (i^c of a hill, 14 miles S. of Berwick, and 315 N. by W. of London, Lon. i. 55. \V. lat. 55. 38, N. Wot TIN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and in Pumerania, with a harbnur. It is the capit.tl of an Wand of the fame name, formed by the mouth of the rivers Oder, Swina, Di wenow. GroslhafF, and the Baltic Sen. It belongs to the kin^; of Prulfla, and is 10 miles W. of C< moos for refining fait, it had an abbey, of which there .ire no remarkable luins. It is 7 miles N. E. of li)rwich, and 75 N. E. of London. Lon. i. 25 E. lat. 52. 16 N. • WaoDBi'R v-Hi LL, near Here in Dor- feffhire, has one fair, on September 18, for all fortk of cattle hops, cloth, and haber> dafhery wa'e. • WooDLANn, t vilhige in Dnrferfhire, with one fair, on J y 5, lor horfeS) cheefC) and toyt. WoDLveaHAMPTOi^ a large and flou- rilhing town, in Siaffoidniire, ^iih a good market on Wednefdays, and one fair, on July 10. for all forts of commodities. It is p'esfantiy feated on a hill, and t^e hoiifee i are pretty well built. It has an ancienc colleK;iate cliurch, annexed to the deanery of Windfor, and a very handTome thapel, with a prtfljyterian and a quaksrs meeting- hnufc J as alfo a free fchool, well endow- ed, and a market-huvfe. It is c hiefl* noted for its iron m«nufa£lory,confif^ing of locks, hinges, buckles, cork fcrc%\8, &c. It is very populous, governed by two conftaMes, and the (Ircets are for the moft pat broad and paved It ii 13 miles S. of Sthflord, O 9 o ai'<^ n;i \V O R It ii governed by a mayor, aldermen, ir* oihor ofTicert j lui three markets, on Wcd- ntffdayi, Fiidayt, and Saturdays, with four fair!>, on Saturday bcfnie Palm Sunday, on Saturday in Eader-weck, for cattle, horfct, and linen cloth} on Aaguft ij, and Sep- tember 19, for cattle, horfei, cheefe, lambA, liopS and linen. It is 36 mile* N. N. E. of Biillol, and iia W. N. W. of London. It fends two members to pailiamenr, liaumhers to piili >mtiu ; but ischiedy noted for Blenheim hou!<;, a hne palace, built in uK^nory of thu vict.iry obtained by the duke of Marlboroui^li, o^tr tiie French and Ba- varians in Augult 1704. It was ercded at the pubhc exitcn^e. .irul 1$ ui^e of the noblel\ feats in Euid^i'. Or.c of t:i;; piiTiges to it is over a bii.'^c witii one aicli, 190 feet in 1X0,630 houfes, 1x3,780 inhabitants, 151 pariOies, ix market- town", and fends nine niembeis to pveK. It is 3 miles N. of Ux- foid, fnd fo W. N. W. of London. Lon, I. 17. V/, |,»r. 5 I. 50. N. • WooLBaioGf, a villa^ie in Dorfet- fliire, witli one fair, on May 14, for hoifes, cattle, and toys. Woolwich, a town in Kent, with a market on Fridays, but no fair. It is feated on the river ThameK, and of g>cat note for Its fine docks and yards, where men of war are built, as nHo for its vifl m4>;azines of !i>ital ul tlMtcoh.ity ; plcafantly and commodioufiy fe^ited en the ealletn barks of il;e liver Sc ein, over wliici th-Tc is a handfoine (\one-bridgc; and whence it rifes with a gentle afcent, fo high as to afford a pteafant piofpetfl over the vale beneath. It c "mains 9 patilh-chucches, bciides the ca- thedial, and St. Michael's without the li- bv.-rtits of the city, it is well inhabited, h.H v;o."d houfes and rt'eits, and is ren), lamous for a diet lield here in 1 s> 1. »t which l.uiher af flfted in perfon. The ProreDdnis have lardy built a handfome church, w*>ere I.uther i* rep'cfented ai appearing at the diet, li is no ed for the excellent wine ihat i;row( in the neiRhbourho< H, which they call our Lady's milk. In ilic campiign of 1743, kini; George II took up Ins quariers in ttis city, and lodged at the bidiop** palace after the battle of Det!inu;cn It ig festrd on ilie Wfrtern bank of the R' ine, 14 miles N. W. •f Heidclburg, 10 S. E. of Menit, and ■?! S. W. of Frincfort. Lon. 8. 1.7. £. Ut. 40. 34. N. WoaNiTB, SeeVtRONis. WoRiTED, a town in Norfolk, with a market on Saturdays, and one fair, on May 3, for cattle, horfes, and petty chapmen. It is feated on a flat, arwi nuceJ ior bein;; the place where worHeds were fi'fl made. It is 9 miles N. of Norwich, and 1 18 N. P.. of Loof^on. Lon. 1. 30, H. Ut. 5*. 51. N. WoTTON Basset, a town m Wilt (hue, with a market on Fiidays, and three fairs, on May 4, November 1;, and December 19, for cows and hoj;*. It ig f^'aterl near a Urge park, not far from the forcH of Bre- Hon, ar^d fends two members to parliament. It is 30 miles N. of Salifbury, and 7^ W. of Lcndon. Lon. 1. o. W. lat. ;i. 3;. N. WoTTON-oNOER.EnoE.atowninGlo- ceftcrrtiire, with a market on Friday*, and one fair, on Septtmher 25, for cattle and <:heefe. It is a mayrr-toA-n, featcd undcj the hills, and inlubited by clothiers; 16 miles N. E. of BmIIoI, and 99 W. N. W of London. Lon. i.,a 5. W. Ut. 5?. 41.. N * Wragby, a villapri; in Lincolnfliiie, W U R WtiHTON, a town in Semerfrlfhirf, with a matkdt on Tuefdsys, but no fir. It i« a prftty y.-cid :owr, fe.^ttd aiti f^ t' • Mendip'liils, 9 m ties N. of WtIN, ,in 1 124 W of London. I' i» rem*ikab'c for bein^ the hi tli-place n* Mr. Loike. Lon. 2. i{(>» W. laf 8. It is t'alf a mile lon^, and in the roai between .St. Edmund's Bury and Ipfwich, R nuliS fiom the former, 17 N. VV. from the laittr, and 75 N. E. of London. Lon. o. 45. E. lat. sa. 20. N. WVRTEMBVRC, Or Wl R T t N B tJ R O, a fovefcign du..hy of Cerman\, in Suahia ; bounded on the N. by Franconia, the arch- bifhoprick of Men' 2, and the pala inate of the Rhine J on the E. by t!ie county of Oetin^r, the marquifate of Bureau, and the tenitory of U!m ; on the S. by the principa- lity of Hoen>Zollern, FurHcnburdr, and the marquifate of Hohrnbut$; ; and on the W. by the palafin.ite of the RMne, the marquifate of Baden, and the Kla.k Foreft, It is 65 miles in length, and as much in breadth, and the livcr Nsckar runs almoft through the middle of it fn-m S. to N. Though tl ere are many mountains and wood", yet it is one of the mnfl populous and fertile countries in Germany, produc- ing plenty cf pallures, corn, /luits, and a great deal of wine towards the confines of ttie Palatinate. There are alfo mines, ani fait fpiin:-$, with plenty of game and fifh. 8 miles S, of Maiket Railtn, with two fairs. It contains 645 villages, S8 towns, and 26 on May 13, for flicep, and October 11, fori citias, of wiiich Stutgaid is the capital. horned cattle Wrexham, a town of Denbiphfhi.e. in N. WaloS, with two maikets, on Mondays and Thurfdays, and four fairs, on M^rch 23, Holy-Thurfday, June 16, and Septem- ber 19, fjr cattle, hard-ware, Manchefter goods, horfes, and hops ; that in Marc>i is for all forts of feeds, it is pretty large, well built, well inhabited, and adorned with a handfome c!>urch, whofe Aeeple, f.ir cu- rious archieflure, is reckoned one of the fineft in England. It is feated on a river which falls into the Dee, in a country af- fording plenty of lead. It is 28 itiiles N. N. W. of Shrewfbury, and 167 N, W. of LondoDt Lon. 3. g. W.lac 53. o, N. WuRTznuRG, a large and hardfrme < ity of Geimany, and one of the principal in the circle of Franconia. It is defended with good fortifi.ations, and ha» a magni- iicenl palace. There is a handfome hofpi« tal, in which are generally 400 pour men and women. The caftJe is at a fmall di. Aance from the city, and ccmmands it, as it ftands upon an emintne. It communi- cates with the city by a Aone bndgi-, on which are iz flatues, leprefenting as many faints. The arfenal and the cellars o! tha hifliops, defctve the attention of the curi« ous. There is alfo an univerfity, founded in 1403. It is feated on the river Maine, 40 miles S. W. of Bamberg, 45 N W. of O » Nuuin< I X A C X U C Kurtmburi, and ]ou N. W. of Vienni. with t Arong old cailU, aod a tiaiVevrt Lon. lo. 5 E. Ut. 49. 44- N. ' fuatcd on tlit S coalt u( itte illar.d. at iho Ww«TiBvto. iha bidioprick of. a \ toot o( a mountain, to milci S, E. of Ma- large country ol Ccimany, comprchendini; : lan, and 47 S. W. n( l*4l«rniu. Lon. ij. tht principal part of Fiancnnia. lu» bound* 1. E. lat. 37. 34. N. cd by ihe county of Henneburg, tt.t duchy of Coburg, Iha abbey of Fuld, the abi- Ihoprick of Men 1, the maiquifate of Anf pach, the bifhoprick of Daniberg, and the county of Wcitheim ; being about 65 milct in hngth, and 50 in breadth, and divided into 50 bailtwicki. The foil it very fertile, and produces more corn and wine than the inhabitant! confume. The territotiei of the bifhop comprehend above 400 towns and village!, of winch he it faveieign, being one of tlie greatcd ecclcfiafiic princea of ttte empire. * WvcK-Ti DuBRiTiPt, a town of the Uniied Provincei, in Utiecht, with a Arong caf\le ; feared np the Rhine, at the ntnuth of the river Lech, 5 miles fiom Rite- Den, and 11 fium Utrecht. Lon. 5. 17. £. Jat. <;a. o. N. Wva, a town in Kent, wi h a market on Thuifdays, and two fair*, on March 24, • Xaoua, a haibnur of America, on the S. coift of Ihe idand of t'ub4, one of the (inelt m America, ^nd liei between the ifles of I'inoa and Spiiitu Sanioi. X^Liico, a town of N. America, in Mexico, ft-ated near i^c S. Sea. 400 mile* W. of Mexico) fuhjcO to bpain. Lon. 110. 5. W. lat. aa. ao. N, X A M I • See C H A N 1 1 . Xat iv«, formeily a floufifJungtown of Spam, in the UiiiKdum of Valencia, in iho province of SeKur.i, it wak inken by the ticnth and Spaniaids in 1706, who lotaily deOroyed it ; but it h«t bcnn linee partly lebuilt. It ii feated on the fide of a hill, at the foot of which rum the liver Xucar, 3a miles S. W, of Valencia, and 50 N. W, uf Alicant. Lon, o. 14. W. lat. 39. i.N. Xavicr, St, a town of S. America, in the province of La IMnt.-i, or Ciuaira, on the confinea ot Bialil, 2t>o miles W. of X, for horfea, cattle, and Rio Janeiro. Lon. 50. 6. W. lat. 14. o. S. It is feated on the river * Xerez na-BAitAjuz, a confiderable and November {ledlars ware. Stour, over which there is a bridge, and i^i town ofSpain,inEAiemadura, ina leriitory a place of pretty good account. It is 10 • called Tra-loa Guadiana; feated on the ri. miles S, of Canterbury, and 57 S. E. of | vulet Ardilla, in a country abounding in London. Lon. i. o. E. Ut. 51. 11. N^ 1 pallures, »7 miles S. uf Bada'y z. Lun. 6. Wve, a rivur of Wales, which rifes on $■ ^' l'^- 3^- '3* N. the confines of Cat diganlhire, and running Xirks-de Gu apiana, a town of S. E. divides the counties of Radnor, and 1 Spain, in Andaluria,-reated on tlie river Gua- Brecknock ; then crofTeS HcrefurdOiirc, I diana, on the frontiers of Poitugal, xo miles paires by Heiefird, and, turning dire£lly S. ; N of Ayamonte. Lon. 8. 14. W. lat. 37. runsby Monmouth, and falls in:o the mouth 15. N. of Ihe Severn at ChepQow. Xcaes-DK-LA-FRONTrR a, a handfcme Wtnindalv, a town of the Auftrian and confiderable town of Spain, in Anda- Netherlands, in Flanders, where geneial | lufia, and in the dioccfe of Sevile ; famous Webb, as he was convoying; a great fupply : for its good vt ines, and feated near the ri- of ammunitien and provifiona to the army ! ver Guadaleta. in a pleafint fertile country, before Lifle, was attacked by 24,000 French^ I 5 miles N. from Pott St. Mary, and no S. but though he had only 6,000 men, he de- 1 by W. o| Madiid. Lon. 5. 30. W. lat. 36. feated the enemy, and arrived fafe at L'de . 40. N. in 1708. • Wyi, a handfome town of Swirter- land, in a territory of the abbey of St. Gall, where theie is a handfome palace. It is very populous, and built up Galicia. Lon. 104. 15. W lat. sx. 35. N. * Xicoco, an ifland of Afia, in Jflpan, lying between Niphon and Saikoks. * XicoNA, a town of Spain, in the kingdom of Valencia, and in the territory of Segura, with a flrong caAle flanding above the town. It is feated among the moun- tains, in a country that produces excellent wine, 1 5 miles S W. of Alicant. Lon o. 10 W lat 38.0 N. XucAt, a river in Spain, which has ita fource in New-Qaflile, in the Sierra de- Cuenza> It pafTii by CucDja^ and enter. ing hand Tc me n Anda- famous r the ri- country, d no S. .lat. 36. Y A R \p% the kingdcm of Valencia, nini dlreAiy to difcharve ilfelf into the gulph ot Valen cia, ar 'he town ol Cullera. * XuDNooion, a town of Turky in Eu- rope, and in Croatia, un the conAnei of D«maltia, a; milei N. ol Scbcnico, and 37 V- of K.4aia. Lun. at. 41. E. Uc. 40. 46. N. Y. • Y^BAQy^t an ifland of America, and -'' one ol the Luccai, or Bahama iflandi, to the N. W of the iHe of Maguana, and to the S. of St. Domingo. Lat. si. jo. N. * Y ali, a town of Afia, in the B. In* diet, and capi al of a province of the fame rame, m the idind of Ceylon. * Yambo, a town of Afia, in Arabia, YES ^eurei, and there are ■ few prettf wlJ« Itrcctt) but they are ctiieHy very narrove, and jull wide cnou)(h for ihcir little car- ritgci to pafi through. Bclidei the above churches there i» a piefhytcnan, a baptiO, and a quaker'i mectinij-houfe. The har. bour i conlifls of about 1,500 York, and lis N. by W. of London. Lon, 1. o. W. lat. S4>>8. N. Yaxlcy, a town in Hunringdonfhirr, which had a market on Wednefdays, and one fair, on HoJy-Thurfday, for horfesand fherp. It is but a mean place, and the market is now d/ufed. It it 14 milet N, of Huntingdon, and 71 N. by W. of Lon- don. Lon. o. so. W. lat 5*. 30. N. • Ypausq^ueii ciT, a territory of Afri- ci, in Biledulgerid, towards the Sahara, or Defart ; it abounds in horfes and horned cattle. Yeovil, or Evit, a borough.town in Someifetfliire, with a market on Fridays, and two fair;>, on June 38, for horfee, buU locks, (heep, lamhs, hogs, and wool ; and on November 17, for horfes, (heep, bul- locks, and lamb;--. It fends two members to parliament, is feated on a river of the fvme name, over which there it a bridge, and the market is eonfiderahle for corn, cheefe, hemp, flax, and provifiont. It is so miles W. by S. of Salifbury, and 1S3 W. hy S. of London. Lon. s. 45. W. lat. 51.C. N". Ye to, a town of Afia, in Perfia, and in Uac Agemi, on the road from Kerman to Ifpahan^ Y O R irptbMi. It hat a Alk m»tmf»&orft and U>e uthxHitanlft make the finefl carpets in ttte woild. Ii it loo miles E. of llpahan. Le». }6. 30. E. Ut. ^a. o. N. Yonvr., a livr* of France, which riies in the con6nei of Nivcrnois and Burgundy, paOiog by Cliateau-Chinoo, and Clamecy, io the fivii, and Auxerre in the laH, and falla into ibe river Seine a liitk above l a rily of Yorkfhire, of which it is capital, with an aichblthop's fee, and four maikeis on Tuefdayi, Thuifdays, Fridays, and Saturdays; a's atfo four fairs, CO Wbit Monday, July 10, Auguft 12, No- vember 23, and every other Thurfday in the year, for horfes, horned cattle, (heep, and linen cloth. It is fcated on the river Oufc, and is f:enerally counted the fecond city in England ; though Briito) now pre lertds to th a ftrong wall, o.-> whicS are many turrets, or watch- ^ou^et and there are four gates and five pot'.erns. it is a city and county of itfelf, enjoys large privileges, fends two mem- bers to parliament, and has the title of a duchy. It is governed by a lordd, from whence they have their tools, cluath- ing, and furniture. The governor and council are appointed by the king } but ihcy eleft their own repreitntativts, who aie fomewhat like our pailiament men. There are fome forts en the north to defend them againft the native Americans. The princi- pal town isot lie fame name, where there IS ufuaily a garrifon of 400 men. Some in defcribing ttiiicountiy,add the Two Jerfeys to this province, becaufe they have fre- quently the fame governor ; but this is a diltinAion of no great importance. YoR K, Nkw, the capital of the province of New- York, in N. America, feated in an iflind at the mouth of Hudfon's river. It ftands on an eminence, and is furrourded with a wall, and has other fortifications. It h^s a fpacioua harbour, with commodi- ous keys, or quays, as well as warerhoufes. It h frequented by a great number of fhips empli yed in fade, and in the AAierics. Lon. 74. 40* W. lat. 39. 40. N. * YovcHALL, a coitfiderahle town of Ireland, in the county 01 Cork, and pro- vince of Munfler. It is a rich populous place, furrouQ^d with walls, hat a v«ry com- YUM Z A G tolftmodious harbour, with a well defended 1 * Vumito, an idarid of N. Am«fteat key, is feated at the mouth ot° the river and one of the Luciyos, toitie N. ofttieini* ' of Yuma, lyin^ under t!ie tropic of Canct;r, which is 37 miles in lenf;th. • Vvov, ■ town of Francr, in Lux*m»' Ihurj;, f.atcd on tlie tivrrChier, it milci S. W. ef Bouillon, and it S. of Sedar. Lon. %. 19. E. ht. 49, 40 N. • YuPi, a larpe kingdom of Afia, in Eaftein Tarcary, lying on the Eaftein bea» li is very little known. YuN-NAM, a provinceof Afia, in Chin*, lying near Ttiibet. It contains zi cities of ttie firft rank, and 5 s of the fecond and third, and is well watered with rivets arxl lakes, which render it very frui-fui. Thert^ is f^old very often found in the fands of tl>« •iveis, and probably there are mines of tha fame metal in the mountains of the tadern part. There are alfo copper mines, which they pretend is entirely white, which muft be a miAake; for then it could not becop» per. Theie ate alfo feveial for's of preci* f'us f^oncR, bcfidcs niuik, benjamin, tapis* lazuli, and very fine marble, feme of which is painted of divers colours : they have alfo excellent horfcs, which are flrong and vi- gorous, but low -J as alfo very fmall dea^ which are kept for diveifton. Black- Water, and fends iv^-o members to parliament. Lon. 7. 45. W. lat. 51. ^i. N. Yraas, a handfomr, large, and conli- derable town of the AuHrian Nttherlands, in Flanders, with a bilhojiS fee. it hat a bonfiderahle manufactory in clot':i and ferges, and every year, in Lent, 'here is a well fre- quen'.e I fair. This being a barrier town, the Dutch had a garrifon here ; but it was befieged and taken by the French, in June 1744. It is feated in a fertile piain, on tiie liver Ypre, it miles W. of Court ray, 15 N. W. of Lifle, and 157 N. of Paris. Lon. 2. 5S. E, lat. 50. ;i, N. * Yrieb db-i.a-1'erchk, St. a town of Fiance, in Limofin, feated on the river liij, with a provoAihip and a collegiate churcS. * Ysendick, a fmall but flrong town of the United Provinces, in Fiandeis, feated on a b^h of the river Scheld, called Blie, n«ar the Tea. in a low country, that may be uveiflawed when they pleafe ; 10 miles E. of Sluys, and j8 N. W. of Ghent. Lon. 3 18. E. lat. 51. 10. N. * Ys'^cl. See Issel. *Yssklburo, a town of the Low Countries, in Giielderland, on the confines of the county of Zu'phen, la miles E. of Cleves, and za N. E. of Gueldres. Lon* 6. 2 1;. £. lat. 51. $x. N. • YssBNCKrtUX, a town of Fiance, in the government of Languedoc,and in Velay, 3 milrii from Loire, and 10 from Puy. • YssELSTEiN, a town of the United Provinces, in Holland, and in the difiriA of Rhinland, with a caMe. It is feated on the river YlFel, on the frontiers of the pro- vince of U.recht, 5 miles S. W.ofUciecht. Lon. 4. 55. E. lat. 52. 3. N. YssouuuN. See Issot;DUN. Yucatan. S.e Jucatan. * YvERouN, a fmall, Arong, and .inci- ent town of SwifTnland, in the county of V.tud, ami capital of a baiiliwick of the fame name, with a caflle where the bailiff rilides. It is plertfaotly feated at the head uf the bkc NcuiCliatel, on the livers G ways cjvercd with fnow. «'*'"*" Zackar, a Aionij hiuI pcpuloui tawn of Z A N of Hungary, in Scl*voni;i, and capita) of a county of the fame name, with a bifliop's fee ; feated on the river Save, ort the cnn- Anea of Croatia, 13 miles N. E. of Carlo- Aadt, and 137 S. W. of BuJi. Lon. 15. 53. E. lat, 45. 50. N. * Zahaxa, a town of Spain, in Anda- lufia, on the confine! of Granada. It is very ftrong, being fituated on a rock, craggy on all fides, and defended by a ftrong cita- del. It is 47 miles S, E. of Seville. Lon 6.48. W. lat. 36. 55. N. * Zaire, a large liverofA/rica, which rifing in the kingdom of Macoco, divides the kingdoms of Loango and Cento, and falls into the fea in 6 degrees of S. latitude. Zamoi A, a ftrong and confiderable town of Spain, in the kingdom of^ Leon, with a. bifliop's fee. In its environs there are fine 7urkey>fiones fcund. It is feaied on a hill on the river Douro, over which there is a very handfome bridge, of 17 arches, 3; miles from Salamanca, and 1 50 N. W. of Madrid. Lon. 5. 9. W. lat. 41. 28. N. *ZAM0RA,a handfome town of S. Ame- rica, in Peiu, in the audience of Quito, which is feated pretty near the mountains called the Andes, 175 miles from the S. Sea; in its neighbourhood there are rich mines of gold. It belongs to the Spaniards. Lon. 76. 35. W, lat. 5. 6. S. * Zamora, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Algiers, in the province of Con- ftantine, 250 miles W. of Hamametha. Lon. 6. 25. £. lat. a6. so. N. * ZAMosKt, a very ftrong town of Po- land, in Red Ru(na, and in the palatinate of Beltz, with the title of a principality and a good citadel. It was befieged by the Tartars in 1661, but to no purpofe. It is 37 miles from Lembure, i6z N. E. of Cra- cow, and fit from Lublin. Lon. 24. o. £. lat. 50. 40. N. * Zampango, a town of N. America, in New-Spainj feated on the road fmm Mex> ico to Guax;)ca, near the mountains of Mif- taka; the inhabitants are faid to be very rich. * Zanfara, a kingdom of Africa, in Negro- Land, to the W. of the kingdom of Zegzeg. The inhabitants are of a tall fta- lure, and of a very black complexion, with broad faces, and moft favaf(e and bru'ifh difpofiiions. It fs very little known to Eu- ropeans. Zanguibar, a country in Africa, ly- ing on the eaftern coaft, between 3 de- grees of North latitude, and 18 South. It includes feveral petty kingdoms, in which the Portuguefe have various fettlements The inhabitants, except thofe converted by tha Portuguefe, are all Mahometans, or 2 A N Idolater!) und the latter much the tnoH numerous. The names of the piimipal territoriet are Mombaza, Lamon, Melinda, Quiola,and Mofambique. The Portuguefe have built feveral forts in Mombaza, and Mofambique, and have fettled feveral colo- nies there. They trade with tiie Negroes for flaves, ivory, gold, oftrich-featherS) wax, and drugs. The productions ar« much the fame as in other parts of Africa between the tropics. Zantb, an ifland of the Medirerranean near the coaft of the Morea, 1 7 miles S. E. of the iHand of Cephalonia, beh^nging to the Venetians. It is about 24 miles in length* and I a in breadth, and very pleafant and fertile ) but is principal riches confift in currants, with which it greatly abounds. They are cultivated in a very large plain, under the (helter of mountains en the (hoie of this ifland j for which reafon the fun has greater power to bring them to perfedl ma- turity. Here are alfo the fineft peaches in the world, eaf h of which weigh eight or ten ounces. Here are alfo cucumbers and ex- cellent figs, as alfo a great deal of very good oil. In (hort, it would be a perfef) para* dife, if wood was not fo dear, though this ifland was formerly full of forefls. The town called Zante may contain near ao.oco inliabi ants. The houfes are low, on ac- count of the frequent earthquakes, for fcarce a year paffes without one j however, they do not great damage. The natives fpeak both Greek and Italian, though there are very few Roman Catholics amorg them ) but they have a bifliopas well as the Greeks. This place ^h'^s no fortifications, but there is a fonrefs upon an eminence planted with cannon. In one part of this ifland is a place which (hakes when trod upon, like a quagmire ; and a fpring which throws out a great deal of bitumen, efpecially at ths time of an earthquake. It ferves tnftead of pitch, to pay the bottoms of the fliips, and about 100 barrels in a year are ufed fot this purpofe. The grapes are called currants, becaufe they were chiefly cultivated about Corinth. This ifland belongs to the Vene- tians, who have conAantly a governor re'>' fiding in the fortrefs, or caftle. There may be about 50 villages in all, but no other large town hefides Zanie. It is feated on the ea{\ern fide of the ifland, and has a good harbour. The Eriglifh and Dutch have each a faAory and coni'ul here. Lon. 21. 15. E. lat. 37. 57. N. * Zanzibar, an ifland of the .eaftern coaft of Africa, and near Zanguebar, be- tween that of Pembaand Moncia, with the the title of a kingdcm. It abounds in fugar- eancs Z A T mnel and citrons { the inhabitanti are Ma> homerans. Lon. 30. 25. £. lat. 7. o. S. • ZAfoTicA, a province of N. Ame- rica, in New-Spain, extending from the province of Guaxaca, to the gulph of Mex- ico. It it a mountainous ftony country, but indifferently fertile. Zab A, an ancient, ftrong, and confider* able city of the republic of Venice, in DaU matia, and capital of a county of the fame name, with an archbiHaop's fee, a good ci- tadel, and a hai bour. It is feated in a plain, Upon a fmall psninfula joined to the cnnti- nent by an iAhmus, of about 25 paces in breadth. On the fide of the citadel it is very well fortified, and ban generally a pretty ftrong garrifon. Near the church, which the Greeks call St. Helia, are two handfome fluted columns of 'he Corinthian order, fuppofed to have been part of the temple of Juno. This place was formerly much more confiderable than at prefent ; the circumference of the walls being now but two miles, and the number of the inha- bitants not above 6000. There are very fine paintings in the churches, done by the bed makers; and they pretend to have the body of St. Simeon, which was brought from Judea, and is kept in a (hrine, with a cryAal before it. It is Tented on thegulph of Venice, 70 miles S. W. of Jaicza, and 150 S. E. of Venice. Lon. 15. 29. E. lat. 44. 22. N. • Zarnatk, a flrong town of Greece, in the Morea, and in Brazzo-di-Mina. It is agreeably feated upon an eminence, 20 miles W. of Mifitra. Zarnaw, a town of. Poland, in Little Poland, and in the palatinate of Sandomir, 63 miles N. of Cracow. Lon. 20. o. £. lat. 51. 30. N. • ZASLAw.a town of Little Poland, in the palatinate of Volhinia, with the title of a principality; feated on the river Horin, i; miles above Oftrogi Lon. 2S. zi. £. lat. 50. «. N. Zat A TEC AS -Los, 3 province of North- America, in Mexico, and part of New Ga- licia* It is bounded on the N. by New Bif cay I on the E. by the province of Panuco ; on the S. by that of Guadaiagara ; and on the W. by Culiacan, and Chiametlan. it is Caid to abound in mines of filver. Z A T M A R , a (Irong town of Upper Hun- gary, and capital of a county of the fame . name, on the frontiers of Tranfilvania. It is ftiong by fituatioo, being feated on a fmall lake formed by the river Samos j 50 miles E. by S. of Tockay, and 130 E, of Buda. Lon. 22. 24, E. lat. 47. 50. N. Zatob, a town of Poland, in the pala- \Z E A tinate of Cracovia, and capital of a duc^jr of the fame name, with a fortified canie. It is fea'ed on an eminence near tlie river Vitlula, at the place where the Skauld falls into it, 17 miles S. W. of Craco vinces of the Netherlands, feparated by the fea on the N. from the ifles of Holland ; by the Scheld on the E. from Brabant ; by the Hont from Flanders; and on the W. it is bounded by the ocean. Ic comprehends S iflands, whereof three are pretty large. The names of which are, Walcherin, Schowen, S. Beveland, N, BeveUnd, Tolcn, Duveland, Wolfeifdyck, and St. Philip. There are likewife 6 or 7 others, of very little importance. The inhabitants are at a great deal of trouble, to defend themfelves from the encroachments of the fea, and in keeping up their dykes or barks, in which" they expend great fums of money. They in general are extremely hardy, and evet^ rafli, and very good foldiers, tfpecially for the fea fervice. They are maintained by their plentiful fifheries, and by their trade with foreign nations, efpccially the 9pa- ni.uds ; and in time of war, by the cap* P p p p turc» 2 E L turei made by the privateen, for ihey have ' no manufa£lures of any moment. The foil is fruitful in tliefe iilands, but the air un* healthy, efpecially for Arangers. The ri- ver Scheld having pafTed by Antwerp, di- vides it into two, and holds as it weie the ifles of Zealand between its arms. One ot thefe runs eaft^atd, and (he other v«cll- ward, which lad the lifheimen call Siont, or fiend. It \» governed in the fame man- ner as Holland, and the airembliet of Aates are compofed of deputies of the nobihty, and thofe of the two principal towns. * ZcB, a province of Africa, iij Bar- bary, and in Bileduigerid, of which the Al> geiincs poflefs a pait. Zkgzcg, a kingdom of Africa, in Ne- groiand, lying on the river Niger, by which it is feparated from the kingdom of Calfena ; on the E. it has lliat of Zanfara; on the S. Benin ; and on the W. the defarts. It is a country partly plain, and partly mountain- ous { the latter are extremely cold, while tlie former are intolerably hot ; but abuund with water, and are exceeding ftuitiul. ZziciNHEiM, a town oi Germany, in the landgravate of Hcffe Calfel, 30 miles S, of the town of that name. Lon. 9. o. E. tat. 50. 55. N. .ri^ • Zkiton, a townof Tuiky in Europe, in i-he province of Janna, witii a caHle and an archbiHiop's fee, tliough a fmail pUct and thin ot people. It is fiaied on a lull b> a gulph of the fame name, and near the ri- ver Eaylada, 50 miles S. E. of Laciifa. Lon. • 3. 15. E. lat. 39. 10. N, Zeitz, a town of Germany, in the cir- cle ot Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, and in the duchy of Naumburg. It is a pretty hand- fome town, with a new catlle, and a well frequented college. It is feated on the tivct £fter, »5 miles S. W. of Leipfick, and 45 E. of Erfort ; fubjeA to a prince of the Jioufe of Saxsny. Lon. 12. 32. £. lat. 5c. 5>. N. Zbll, a ftrong town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, in the duchy , of Lunenburg, capital ot. ti>e duchy of Zeli, "and belong) to the eledlor of Hanover, it is furrounded with ditches and lamparts, on which are planted chefnut anti lim?- trees. It ii) not veiy large, but it has thiee conlideiable fuburbs, and the houi'rN in ge- neral are wtll built. The principal cliu ch is a handfome f^ruflure, adorned with flucco woik. It has a catlle whofe aichi* teAuie is not very modern, and where tie dukes toimerly refidcd, till this place de* votved to the elector of Hanover, bv marry- ing the heirefs of the late duke of Zell. it tofcAtedonthetivcrAlUri 35 niiks N, W. Z I A of BrunCwick, and 47 S. by W. of Lontll' burg. Lon. 10. as. E.lar. 51.45. N. * Zell, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, and in the marquifate of Baden, in Oi tnaw. It is an impeiiai town, under the protcdlion of the houfe ot AuAria, and the inhabitants Roman- Catholics. It is fcatedon the river Nagolt, r 5 miles S. of Baden, and 41 S. W, of btutgard. Lon. 8. 12. E. lat. 48. 19. N. ZxMBL A, commonly called Nota«Zem- BL/\,a large country lying in the Northern Ocean, 10 the N. of the province of Fetze- ta in Mofccivy, from which it is feparated by the firait of Weygate. It is now known to be an iilindof very la' ge extent, but it has no inhabitants, except wild beatls, pai- tirularly white foxes, and bears. In 1595 a Dutch vetTbl was catl away on the coaA, and the fliip's company were obliged to winter here ; but tliey did not fee tlie fun irom the fourth of November to the begin- ning of Feb' uary, and had much ado to keep themfelves from being frozen to death. Hotwe fay they have feen inhabitants here, of a fmall fize, a tawry complexion, black hair, and clothed in fed fkins, and thatr they live by hunting and fithing. Z.IMI. IN, or Zb MP I. IN, a town of Up« per Hungary,, and capital of a county of (he fame name, feated on the river Dbdrog, n^ miles S. E. of Catfovia, and 27 N. £. of Tockay. Lon. 21. 35. E. lat. 48. 36. N. ZsKBST, a town of Germany, in the ciicle of Upper Saxony, and in the princ»- ,pality of Anhalt, chief place of a ditlridl of that name, on tl>e confines of the duchy of M»gdcbufg, wiiha handfome cattle, where the princes commonly refide. It is a han<<- fome place, and the inhabitants are partly Lutherans and paitly CalviniAs,' and are famous for brewing good beer ; but it is re- mat kable that the women are more con- cerned in brewing it than the men. It i» <5 miles N. W. of Wittemberg, and fub- ]t£\ to the prince of Anhalt. Lon. 12. 33. E. Iwr. 5z. o. N. * Zek ir, A,a town of Perfia.in Irac Ara- bi, feated in a veiy narrow pUin or valley, between iiitUDiains, It has produced !«• ve>al vei) famous Arabian authois. * Zi A , an liland of the Archipelago, and one of the Cyclases, to the N. of Thermia, to the S. W. i)f Ne^roponr, and 12 milts from Cape Colonna, which terminates Li- vadU on that fide. It is 1 5 miles in lengthy and S in bicadth} is very well cultivated, and abounds in mot\ of the nece0aries of life, particu'.aily bailey, wine, and a great deal of tilk. They have alfo a very fine fort of oak, whufe fruit, called Villano, is the of Loncn* ty, in the quifate of siiai town, of AuArki, holici. It miles S. of Lon, 8. TA«ZeM- I Northern of Petzo* feparaied )w known nt, but it ea(\s, paf- In 1595 I the coafl, ^bligtd lo ^te tlti top. It belongs to the Tu'ks, biK mori of tlie inhabitants are Greeks, and have a billiop who refides at Zia. * ZtBiT, a terrirnry of Aha, in Arabia the Happy, extending from the principality of Mecca to that of Mocha ; being bounded on the E. by the pfincipahty of Tcham'J, and on the W. by the Red S?a. The Turi;s vr«re formerly mailers of this country, but now it belongs to an Arabian prince. • ZiBiT, a town of Afia, in Ar.ibta the Hjppy, and capital of a principality or ter- ritory of the fame name, and feated on the river Zibit, 150 miles N. W. of Aden. It is a large trading place, and f>me have Z U G ing to tfie cfoyfler is a library, the finell in all Lufatia, which is open twice a week) and at a fmall djflance from it is the orphan* houfe, lately built. It is feated on the ri- ver Neifs, 17 miles S. W. of Gnrlltz, and 25 S. E. of Orefden. Lon. 14. 55. E. lat. 50. 44. N. Znaim, a Arong town of Germany, in Moravia, on the frontiers of Audria. It is a lari^e place, and has a handfome caflle, though very ancient, and in which there are a great many pagan antiquities. It is feated on the river Taye, 14 miles S. W. of Brin, and 31 N. of Vienna. Lon. 16. 45. E. lat* 48. 48. N. • ZoARA, a town of Africa, on tha coafl of Barbary, which is fortified, and has a good harbour, 6j miles W. of Tri- poly. Lon. 13. I V E. lat. 32. 45, N. ZOCATARA. SeeSoCATARA. * Z>)rrENGeN, an ancient and hand- fame town of Swifferland, in the canton of Bern, 3 miles from Arbure. It has a very taken it for the ancient Saba, but this is very * elegant church, and a public library, con- uncertam. * ZiRCMNiT-ZcRSBt, » lake of Ger- many, in Lower Carniola, among the moun- tains and forefts. In the month of June the water finks under ground, and does not rife again till September, during which in- terval they feed their cattle in it. ZiR ic-ZeB,ahandfomeand ftrongtown of the United Provinces, in Zealand, and the principal of the ifle of Schowen, at the mouth of the Scheld. One part of it was formerly fwallowed up by the fea, but it is Aill a trading populous place, and has a pretty good harbour; 25 miles N. W. of Hulft, and 15 S W. of Brieile. Lon. 3. 50. E. lat. 51. 38. N. ZiTTAW, a town df Germany, in Lufa- tii, on the Frontiers of Bohemia, and fub- je^ to the eledor of Saxony. It is a hand fome place, and furrounded with a double wall, and has good half moons, ditches, and baftions. The houfes are handfome, and built in the modern taf)e. Befides the fubufbsand handfome gardens thatfurround it on all fides, there are a number of fine villages that depend liicreon. The piinci- pal bufinefs of the inhabitants is brewing beer ; but there are above ion clothiers, and in the neighbouring villages ah^ut 1,000 weavers. Toe merchants of Zitraw trade with thofe of I'rague and Leiptkk, and ex tend their commerce as far as Holland. The cathedral c' urch is a very handfome ftrufture, and has three org.ins, with two hi^h fleep'es. Near it is a handfome col- lege, Ahere the languages, defigning. danc taining feveral curious manufcripts. It is feated near a lar^e foreO, which contain* the befl pine-trees in all Swiffeijand. Lon. 7. 10. E. lat. 46. 58. N. ZoLLXRN, a town of Germany, in tha circle of Suabia, which gives name to a principality of Hohen-Zollern, which is 37 miles in length, and 17 in breadth, and is a very fertile country. The prince of Ho- hen-Zollern is hereditary-chamberlain of the empire. The place is little elfe but a caftle built on a mountain, 28 miles S. of Stutgard. Lon. 12. 8. E. lat. 48. 24. N. ZoLNocK, a town in Upper Hungary, and capital of a county of the fame name. It was taken by the Turks in 1 ; $4, and re- tak':n by the Imperialifli in 1685 ; is feated on the liver Teyfle, where the river Sageba fails into it, 55 miles N. E. of Colocza. and 45. E. of Buda. Lon. 20. 10. £. lat» 47. 10. N. * Za<^uEs, a province of N. America, in New-Spain, and in the government of Chiipa, on the frontiers of that ofTabafco. It produces plenty of filk and cochineal. ZoRNDoarr, a village in Germany, to the New Marche of Brandenburg, famous for a bloody battle fought here in Septem- ber 1758, between the Pruflians and Ruf- fians. * Zuc, a handfome and confiderabI« town of Swiff iland, and capital of a can- ton of the fame name : feated near the Iak9 Zug, at t'~e foot of a vered with which was frees, on the mountain In 1435, pa. tly co- the ftrect fide of the lak-;, was ipj, and other arts aref .ug ir gistis, loin- i.fwallowed up, and therefoie the^ built an» - i . I' P p P * ' Othir Z U R rtlier upon an eminencr. Thore Me fevcral fin^ourei, handfome churches, and a good town-hall. It isiimiLsN. E. ofLucern, and 4« S. E. of Bafil. Lon. 8. ao. £. lat. 47. II. N, * ZuG, one of the cantoni of SwiflTer- and ; b;)unded en the E. and N. by that of Zurich } on the W. by that of Lucern ; and the Free Provinces ; and on the S. by that of Schwitz. The inhabitants are Roman Ca- tholics, and it is divided into three parts, one of which is the town of Zug, and the others the villages about it, which compre> Iiend three aflemblies, namely. Bar, Mentzic, and Val Egeric. The government of this ^ canton is democratic, and the fovereignty belongs to the town of Zug, and to the com- munities without it, though this place has a particular magit\rate. * ZuitLicHAW, a town of Germany, in Silefia, in the province of CrcfTen, one miie from the river Loder, and 12 VK. N. W. of CroflTen. Lon. 15. 5. E. lat. 52. 10. K. *ZoiFHA, a town of PerfSa, almofl clofe to irpahan, to which it is a fort of a fuburb, and feparated from it by the river Senderou. It is peopled with a colony of Armenians, who were biought into Perfia by Sha Abbas. It is an archbifbop's fee. and contains feveral churches and mona- fleries, * ZuLPicH, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Juliers, belonging to the arch- bifhop of Cologne} feated on the river Naf- f-l, 19 miles S. of Juliers, and 10 W. of Sonn. Lon. 6. 48. E. liit. 50. 32. N. 'Zurich, an ancient, large, and popu> lous city of Swiflerland, and capital of a canton of the fame name ; feated at the N. extremity of tne lake Zurich, vtherethe ri- ver Ltmmat proceeds from it, and feparates it into two unequal parts, which communi- cate by three bridges. It is one of the befl built towns in this country, but the ftreets are narrow, and the houfes high. The ca- thedral church was founded by Charlemagne, and is adorned with a ftatue of that empe- ror. The revenues of the rich college of the canons now ferve to maintain the miniflers of the church, the profefTors, and locanons, v/ho have prefcrved their ancient dignities, with their benefices; but they are obliged to preach every day, or at leaft to read a public leAure in the college, where the lan- guages, philofophy, and theology are taught. The convent for the daughters of the nobility is changed into a college, where 9$ youni; fludents are educated, and pro- vided with all necelTaries. The fortifica- tions are in the modern taAe, and thcarfe- Z U T nal hM armi fuflicient for 1 $,000 men* The inhabitants have made fuch a good ufo of the ecclefianical benefices, which have been fecularized, that they have an hofpital which maintains 650 poor people. The in- habitants are dividrd into 13 companies, one of which conftfts of tlie nobility, and the reft of tiadcrmcn. There are alfo two councils, the great and the little > the firft confifts of i6x members, who decide the moft important affairs, and the fecond of 50 fenators, and two burgomafters, who take care ot alTairs of Aate, and determine caufes that are brought before them. They have feveral manufaAures, and fend part of theic merchandizes to Italy. A great many French refugees are fettled here, who have built handfome houfes about the city. It is 37 miles S. W. of ConAance, 40 S. E. of Bade, and 50 N. E. of Bern. Lon. 8, 45. E. lat. 47. 18. N. Zurich, the canton of, is one of the i] cantons of Swiflerland, and the firft in rank, being about 50 miles in length, and 30 in breadth. It is bounded on the N. by the Rhine, which feparates it from the can- ton of Schaff haufen ; on the S. by that of Schwitz ; on the E. by Thurgaw, and the county of Tockenburg ; and on the W. ky the canton of Zug, and the Free Provinces. The foil is fertile in corn, produces all forts of fruits, and there are fome vineyards, as well as rich paAures. This canton is well peopled, the inhabitants are very laborious, and have a famous manufadory in crapes. They were the fii A that embraced the refor- mation, and the famous reformer Zuinglius was born here. Zurich, the lake of, is one of the largefl in Swiflerland, being about so miles in length, and 4 in breaCih. The river Lim- mat runs through it lengthways, and at Ruperfchweil is a bridge over it 1,850 paces in length. It is of great ufe for trade, and the rather as itcommunicates with the Rhine* * ZuRiTA, a town of Spain, in Old Caflile, feated on the river Tayo, with an old caAle, and a commandery of the order of the knights of Calatrava. It is very near Toledo. Lon. 3. 17. W. lat. 43. 3. N. Zdtphen, a Arong and conflderable lown of the United Provinces, in Guelder- land, and capital of a county of the fame name. It has a magnificent church, and is furrourded with walls. It was taken by the French in 167s, who in 1674 delivered it up to the Stales General. It is feated ae the confluence pf the rivers Berkel and Yflel, 9 miles S. E. of Deventer, and 55 E. by S. of Amfteidam. Lon. 6. 13. £. lat. 5%. la. N« ^ i • ■ ZOTrHKNi z w o ZtfTmiM, a county of the United Pro- who Z Y T rich town, defended with fome fortiflea- vinces, in Gaelderland j bounded on the N. by the river Yflel, which fcpaiatei ii from Velaw } on the W. by Over-YlTcl ; on the £. by the bifhoprick of Munfter; and on the S. by the duchy of Clevea. Zutphen ii the capital town. ZoidbrZii, a great gulph or bay of the German Ocean, which extendi from S. to N. in the United Province*, between Friefland, OverYlfel, Gueldeiland, and Holland. It is fo called from its fituation towards the S. and it faid formerly to have been a lake, and that the land is fwallowed up which united North-Holland with Ftief land. ZwicKow, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and on the frontiers of Voigtianrt, fubjcdl to the eleAor of Saxo- ny. It was formerly imperial, and is now a handfome town, feated on the river Mul- daw. The place where the inhabitants are buried is in Voigtiand } and therefore it is commonly faid, that they are Mifnians while alive, but Voigtianders after tbey are dead. It is 20 miles N. E. of Plawen, and S5 S. of Altenburg. Lon. it. 55. £. lat. 50. 43. N. * ZwiMOBNBuao, a town of Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, and in the landgravate of Heflfe Darmftadt, 8 miles S. of Darmftadt, and la N. of Worms. It is fubjefl to HeiTe Darmftadt. ZwoLL, a ftrong town of the United Provinces, in Over-Vnel, and in the dlftrift •f Zailant. It is a handfome, large, and tionsj and the canal which begins near this place, and extends to the river YfTel, is de- fended by fcvcral forts at proper diftancet from each other. Near it is the mnuntaia of St. Agnes, where there was formerly att Auguftin convent, in which Thomas k Kempis lived 7 1 years, and died in 1 4.7 1 . It was formeily an imperial and hanfiatie town, and is advantageoufly feated on aa eminence, on the rivers Aa and Yflcl, S miles S. E. of Campen, and 5 S. «f HaflalC. Lon, 6. 8. E. lat. 5*. 31. N. * ZvGtTH,a town of Lower Hungarjr* and capital cf a county of the. fame name, feated in a morafs made by the river Aloaa, 10 miles N. of the Drave, and 50 N. N, W« of Efteck. It is a very ftrong place, and i* defended by a citadel, furrounded with three walls, and three ditches full of water. It was befieged in 1^66, by Soli man II. em- peror of the Turks, and taken three days af- ter his death ; but it has been (incc retaken by the AuArians. Lon. 23. 37. £. lat. 46. 17. N. * Zyceth, the county of, a large terri- tory in Lower Hungary, feparated front Sdavonia by the river Drave on the S. W,^ on the N. W. by the lake Balaton ; and osa the E. by the counties of Alba Regalisand Tolna. * ZvTOMiiaz, a town of Poland, ill Volhinia, feated on the river Ciecierief, 6ft miles W. of Kiof, or Kiow, and 1 to £. oC Luck. Lon. 3i« 5. lat. 50. 45. N. ®© .¥ M^ ^ ^_ mi K^'^ &£ $ r The Dimensions aod true Figure of the Earth ' . idetermined. , ■. -: IT canrot be thought improper to conclude a Geographical Diflionary with an elucidation of the dimenfions and true figure of the earth ; sa thefe important problems have engaged the attention of ihegrcateft men in all ages, and in every country, where the arts and fciences have flouriOied. The moft ataient geographers were convinced, from obfcrvations, that thiC earth was of a fpherical figure; but foon perceived that this was not fufficient; it was neceliiary to know its real magnitude, before they could hope to carry their calculatiors to any degree of accuracy. The greac importance of this problem reduced them to have recourfe to various jiielhoda for obtaining a folution ; and their induftry at lalt rendered their attempts pra(^ic;ible. But how could an objeft be meafured whofe dimcn- ^onsarefo difpioportionableto the human frame? Our eyes can command only the fmalicfl parts at once ; and our hands giafp nothing but atoms, fvhen compared with the whole. But it muil be remimbered, that though the hnman body be nothing len compared with the globe of the earth, yet it poflefTes fomething with w which the whole mafs of matter bears no proportifn ; that jnind, by whofe %yill bodies arc moved, and whofe fagacity difcerrs their fcveral properties; that mind dared to attempt the enormous taik of meafuring the vail body €f the earth. An undertak'ng much cafier to be performed haJ before appeared raflt*" and impious to one of the gresteft philofophers ofantiquity. Pliny, fpeak- ing of the catalogue of the liars atti .ipted by Hipparchu«, calls it, rrmDeo improbatHy a difficult tafk for a deity. Bat inexperience has taught us, that the human underftanding can Airmount far greater difficulties, a more jufl idea of the divinity forbids all comparifon. It would ca»ry us too far to give a detail of the fjrfl attempts for deter- nining the magnitude of the earth. The labours of Ariflocle, Eratofthenes, PoiTidonius, and other great men of antiquity, ferve only to demonP.rate the advantages which the philofophers of all ages were perfuaded would flow from folving this important problem: for the meafures they have left us differ too widely fiom each other to lay any flrefs upon them. Some part of thefe difl'eieticts may indeed be imputed to the uncertainty we are in with regard to the length of the miles and lladia they made ufeof : tho' even this uncertainty is another reafon for their caU ulations being ufelefs to us^ But notwithftanding all the learning of thefe great men, and the remark- able afliduity with which they applied to fo neceflary an undertaking, they were fo unhappy in their attempts, that about the lall century, Snellius and RiccioU differed almoll eleven miles with regard to a degree. Our coun- tryman, Mr. Richard Norwood, was, however, more fuccefsful; for in the year 1635 he folved this grand problem with a very confiderable degree of accuracy. The principle on whi(jh |ie proceeded was this : As every great circle, either of the celeftial fphere or earth, is divided into 360 equal parts, called degrees, and thefe circles are all confidered as concentric to the cen- tre of the earth ; it folows, that if the diftance on a great circle of the earth, correfponding to one or more of thefe degrees in a great circle of the heavens, can be meafured, the whole circumference of the earth would be knowi V analogy in that n magnitude, &c. eafily calculated, .fcqutntly its d;am( Mr, :TH )nary iiS The DImcnfions and true Figure of the Earth iletermineJ. Mr. Norwood therefore took the following method for folving ihis pr<^ blem : He chofen the two dlllant places, London and York, which were known to lie nearly north and fnuth of each other; and by the mrthod of traverfe failing, he found tlu'ir difference of latitude, or the dillance betweea parallels of latitude pafling through ihcfe places, or, which is the fameihin^', the length of that arch of the tcirellriul meridian. He alio, with a good inltrument, found the dillanc- between the zeniths of thofe places, and confequently knew the length of the celeltia! .Trch, anfwering to the ter- rcftrial one he had meafuied. Then faying, as that celetlial arch is to a great circle of the fphere, or 360 degrees; (o is the arch of the terreilrial great circle n.eafured in feet, to the circumference of a great circle on the earth in the fame roeafure. And by this method he found, that about 69 EngMfli miles and a half anfwered to one degree: the circumference of the earth, therefore, will be about 25,020 miles, and its diameter about 8,000 miles. Nothing now feemed wanting to determine the dimenfions of the earth, and calculate dillances on its furface .0 a fuHicient degree of accuracy: but in the year 1672, Mr. Richer being fent from France to Cayenne, in order to make agronomical pbfervations, foun I, that his pendulum clock, which had been regulated at Paris to the mean motion of the fun, when carried to that ifland, which is not above five degrees diftant from the equator, loft every day two minutes and fifty ei;;ht leconJs. At his return to France he reported this obfervation, as de of the moll important ever made; and ic accordingly engaged the attcniion of the greatcli philofophers and mathe- maticians in Europe. * They were convinced, that, in confequenceof this experiment, thecffeft of gravity was lefs at Cayenne than at Paris : for when the pendulum of a clock departs in its motion from the perpendicular, the force which brings it back again is gravity ; and this is done quicker or flower in proportion to the greater or lefler degree of gravity. The hand does not mark each fecond on the dial-plate till the pendulum has performed one of its ofcilla- tions. If, therefore, the hand points out fewer fctonds during one revolu- tion of the liars, the pendulum requires more time to return to the perpen- dicular, and the prefTure that brings it back mufl be lefs in proportion. It is indeed true, that in warm climates the rod of the pendulum lengthens, as all metallic rods do, and confequently its ofcillations are retarded ; for the longer the rod is, fuppofing an equality in other refpc6\s, the flower its ofcillations will be; but we know pretty exadly in what proportion heat lengthens pendulums; and confequently how much it retards tneir motion. The heats of Cayenne, however great, are not fuflicient to produce fo re- iDaikablti a difl'e cnce, it was therefore no longer doubted but the prefTure of gravity was lefs at Cayenne than at Paris. ^ But from what caufe could tiiis diminution proceed ? Undoubtedly, from this: Every body that delcribes a circle round a center, makes ^ continual efltbrt to recede from that centre. It is this effort that (trains the fling with a Hone in it while you whirl it round, and would break the fling where ic whirled with fufficient velocity: this tfj'ort is called the cer.trilugal fi)rce. All bodies revolving round a center are fubjedl to thib force; and in ihofe that perform their revolutions in equal times, it is proportional to the greatnefs of the circle they defcribc. As the earth revolves every day round its own axis, nil the bodies or parts of matter that compofe it mud dcfcribe circles ; and cacn partake of this centrifugal force, more or lefs in proportion to the circle it defcribes. This force v, at the poles, reduced 10 nothing ; and is a maximum, or greateflj 'fift ^nil^|^i||BCQfioh8 and true Figme of the Earth determined. l^raaftft iMijIrr the tqoator ; becaufe it it the greateft of all the circlet ad^qj^fbe different poinu of the furfaee of the earth defcribe } and becaufe ' r^icAif n of the centrifugal force it there direAly contrary to the pref- .of gravity. L 'therefore, we confider, that the waters of the fea are in equilibrio all ^ihe etfth ; and fuppofe the earth to be formed of matter homogeneoua ^ Jfiud. or that had been (o originally ; the figure of the earth may be *^iern»ined by the'laws of hydroflatics. In order to continue this fluid matter at reft, the weight of a column of VaterV. extended from the center to the equator, muft be equal to that of H column of water continued from the fame centre to the pole. ^\xt the column correfponding to the equator being formed of matter rendered Kj^ter by the centrifugal force than the matter which forms the column correfponding to the polci it follows that it muft be bnger than the latter < confeqoently, the earth is an oblate fpheroid, or flattened at the poles. Sir Ifaac Newton, to whofe fagacity we owe this import'Ont difcovery« ■(^Mtiid hia theory fo far as to calculate the difference between the two diameters of the earth ; and the refulc bi this fubtle difquifition is, that the diameter of the equator exceeds the axis of the earth the 230th part of ita length ; or that the two diameters of the terreftrial globe were in proportion 10 each other as 220^ to 230. If, therefore, we adopt the mrnfuration of Mr. Norwood, and fuppofe the axis of the earth to be 8,000 miles, the diameter of the equrtojr will be nearly 8.03;, and the circumference of that circle 252,^99 miles. We fliall conclude with obfcrving, that this tKeorv of Sir Ifaac has beepi iiifBciently confirmed, and the figure of the earth demonftrated to be thJiB jpf an oblate fpheroid, by a^ual menfurations, performed, with amazing accuracy, at the polar circle and equator, by the memberi of the Royu Academy of Sciences at Paris. *.,y. F I l^f I S* -A ' let ^ \: