IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I If 1^ HM III 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ^ 6" ► V] ^ /} e. o ^/^J^i' ^? 5% j^ *V^i^' ^;. '># > ^ /^ r^ om. 'w Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 .A^ ^ v^# Q.r Va CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et biblioyraphiques The institute has attempted to obtain the best orig'^<al copy available for filming. Features of this copv which may be bibiiographically unique, wh^ch may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D D D D n Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagde Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurde et/ou pellicul6e I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque I I Coloured maps/ Cartes gdographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ D Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli6 avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ Lareliure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intdrieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutdes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 filmdes. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppl^mentaires; The to th L'institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m6thode normale de filmage sont indiquds ci-dessous. n n n Q D n Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommag^es Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurdes et/ou pelliculdes Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages d^colordes, tachetdes ou piqu6es Pages detached/ Pages ddtachdes Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Quality indgale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire Only edition available/ Seule ddition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t^ filmdes & nouveau de fa^on d obtenir la meilleure image possible. The poss of th filmi Orig begi the! sion othe first sion, or ill The shall TINl whic Map diffe entir begii right requi metl- This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiqud ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X SOX v/ 12X i6X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library of the Public Archives of Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with & printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol —^-(meaning "CON- TINUED "), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. L'exemplaire fllm6 fut reproduit grdce d la g6n6rosit6 de: La bibliothdque des Archives publiques du Canada Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet6 de l'exemplaire filmd, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimis sont film6s en commenqant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmds en commengant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants app&raitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, seL>n le cas: le symbole — «► signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre roproduit en un seul clichd, il est filmd d partir da I'fsngle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 f^' f. v«., #f ' '•HI m TRAVELS IN NORTH AMERICA, BY M. CRESI'EL. 'i 'f ^ P«BB ■■i»^ fy. > ?»*■> 'J f il i-M :*!"' o) ^ t ■ V"! Mi ^^A fe A-i-5 L^ : t> !»»• :»: .■■*■?-» LI "7^ if'. •/*- I.. I .» ^.- TRAVELS IN' x'^fmmORTH AM ERIC /I BY M. CRESPEL. li'i WITH A NARRATIVE OF HIS SHIPWRECK, AND EXTRAORDINARY HARDSHIPS AND SUFFERINGS ON THE b-^ ISLAND OF ANTICOSTI; AND AN " ACCOUNT OF THAT ISLAND, AND OF THE S HI PWRECK * OF HIS li:/ MAJESTY'S SHIP ACTIVE, l|tt AND OTHERS. ^t^K'ilr PRINTED BY AND > O R fm, wSAMPSON LOW, BERWICK STREET, SOHO- ■1. '797- tf tr- i.| ' 1 4( !'^ \ * V: A , V !?■ ' $^ ?l I i S ^ '-'I, II i>y "v^ ^ y: INTRODUCTION. Some apology may be thought nccclFary for introducing to the pubhc the following Narrative of alranfaclion which happened at ft) diilant a period oi time ; but a recent event, the Shipwreck of Lord Dorcheiler on the Idand ol Anticolli, fuggcllcd an idea that the Public would be dad to re- ceive an account of a {pot on the I Mlobe hitherto little known, even ly name, except to thofc navi- ators who fail up the river of St. Lawrence. A The ^11 » i'\ m , r ; 'f ;( ( vi . ) The Iflandof Anticofli has been long dreaded for fhipwrccks ; as ^ long ago as the year i6go, when ^ Sir William Phipps was returning down the river from his unfuc- cefsful attack on Quebec, a brig of the fleet, with fixty men on board, being feparated from the relt, Itruck on this illand, and the people on board had only time to land their provifions before the fliip funk. The captain and his men, finding they muft inevitably winter on the illand, built a flore- houfe and nine fmall huts, from two half and fait the ( cold for c docli or fo thou of tl their at la the planks of the wreck, to fhelter ^ ^ . tlcn them from the cold; but their open provifions v»' ere fo fhort, that they agreed 1 . has been recks; as go, when returning is unfuc- cc, a brig ' men on from the d, and the ( vii ) agreed that each man's allowance per week fhould be no more than two bilbuits, half a pound of pork, half a pound of flour, one pint and a quarter of pcafe, and two fait fifh. It was not long before the difmal elfefts of hunger and cold began to appear among them, for on the 20th of December their ^, doclor died, and after him thirty lefore the • r , ... or torty.morc ma lew wrecks ; and ri and his . though they wxre all convinced nevitably ^ , ^ r 1 - ^^ ot the necellity of keeping to their allowance, unlefs they would luts, from ^ 1 n , ., al lalt eat one another, yet their . ftcrehoufe w^as frequently broke but their t n open : an Iriihman once sfot to the that thev ' ^provifions, and eat no lefs than agreed . , A 2 eighteen '■♦4 SI u i 1> i lli t; ;!i I I ( 't ( viii ) eighteen bircuits, which fwcUcd him lo fuch a degree, that he ^vas {breed to have his belly Itrokcd, and bathed before the fire, to prevent its burfling. On the 25th of March five of the company refolved to venture out to fea in their IkiflP, which they lengthened out fo far as to make a fort ol cabin for two or three men, and having get a fmall fail, they fiiip- ped their fharc of provifions on board, and Iteered away for Bof ton; it was the gth of May before thefe poor wretches arrived there through a thoufand dangers, fron: the fea and the ice, and almoi quite ftarved with hunger am cold ar .' I f ii\ 1 fwclled lat he was r ftrakcd, I fiic, to n the 25 th company t to fea in zne^thcned a fort ol men, and they (liip* v'lfions on y for Bof lay before ived there gers, fron nd ahnof: anger anc cold ( i-^ ) cold: upon ihcir arrival, a veflel Vv'as immediately difpatched away to the ifland, which in a few weeks brought off their friends who were left behind. Soon after the conquefl: of Ca- 'nada, an Enghfh fhip, bound out to Quebec very late in the feafon, had likewife the misfortune to be loft on this defert ifiand ; her crew and pafTengers wintered there; endured inexpreffible hard- fnips from cold and hunger, and were indebted for their pre- fervation principally to a cargo of French wine which they had on board, a large quantity of which A f( afforded I (\ i ■:h i) 11' r [ I li ( X ) afforded them fufficient nourilh- ment to fuflain life, when almofl every other fpecies of fuftenance failed. The tranflator has ex- erted hiinfelf to procure a nar- latlve of their fuiferings; but this, IVom the deaths of the perfons who were on board, and no fuch narrative being preferved in print, he was unable to accomplifh. The captain and crew of his Majefly's fliip A6live, on board of which Lord Dorchefter and his fa- mily embarked laft year, we re much more fortunate ; they were fhip- w recked at a more early period of the fcafon, and preferved their boatj. ,b( f( di ol h: ■^ "^ nourifh- -n almofl iftenance has ex- ^ a nar- but this, perfons no fuch in print, ifii. of his oard of ihisfa^ emuch e fhip. period d their boat. ( XI ) ,boat, which being fitted up and lent to Ilahfax, a king's fhip was dil'patched, and brought the whole oi the pallengers and crew" away in fafety. The folIowingafFefting narrative was pubhihed in France, and writ- ten, in the form of a letter, from M. Crefpel to his brother; and, befides an account of his fufferings by fhipwreck, contains a previous detail of his travels in Canada, and in fome parts of that pro- vince but little known, and al that time but poorly inhabited. 4^ A4 M. Cref- m &■ ^' *» t .1 i I Ill ^1U ■'1 ( ^t I't It ( -^ii ) M. Crefpel fecm> a man of a religious turn of mind, fometimes bordering on enthufiafm ; and perhaps fome of die readers would have been as well pleafed if part, or all of his refleftions had been omitted ; but as they all arife na- turally from his fubjeil, and fhew a zeal which, in the temper of his mind, v/as iiighly worthy of praife, it was judged befl not to omit them. The following defcription of the iQ-ind of Anticolli was drawn up bv Mr. T. WRiGirr, v/ho wintered there, and furveyed the ifland by oru^^M' of <:;ov(rnment. The « lii; St, rail del ari' ini loi mi eel Its mi its T!: aci tk W 4 \f'^ t4l 1 ( XUl ) lan of a lie times n ; and s would if part, id been rife na- id fhew iper of thy of not to on of Jrawn \vlio :d the mt. The 4 The Ifland of Anlicofti is fi- liiatcd at the entranee of the river St. Lawrence, between the pa- rallels of 49 deg. 4 min. and 49 deg. 53 min. 15 fee. N. latitude, and the meridians of 61 deg. 58 liiin. and 64 deg. 35 min. Weft longitude from London, deter- mined by ten obfcrvations on the eclipfes of Jupiter's firft Satellite. Its circumference is 282 ftatutc miles, its length 129 miles, and its breadth from 32 to 12 miles. This iiland contains 1,699,840 acres of very indifferent land ; the nature of the foil and natural produce as follows : The m I I '>M § n I h n ir }■ .1'; if •i Ml ( XIV ) The land in general is com- pofed of a light-coloured ftone, which is of a loft crumbling na- ture, and in fome parts is mixed with clay. After digging to the depth of about two feet, you meet with fmall flat flones, with fcarce any other mixture. The fea coalt, from the South- Weft point, to the Weft point, (including Ellis Bay and Obfer- vation River), is in height from 20 to 50 feet, and is mollly co- vered with woods to the water's edge. Ellis IS corn- ed flone. ^ling na- IS mixed g to the ''ou meet h fcarce e South- fl point, 1 Obfer- ht from itly co- water's ( XV ) Ellis Bay aflfbrds the only flicker tor veffels in this large illand, and that but a very in- different one, which would be greatly expofcd to the foutherly winds, were it not for the fiioals which extend from each lide of the entrance, near two thirds of the diflance acrofs the bay, by Avhich means they retard the vio- lence of the fea; but at the fame time, they endanger veflTels in enteriiig the bay with a wind on fliore, by caufing a great fwell on the bar, on which there is but 2^ fathoms water. ': ;''i| ■»■' * EUi IS A 6 The i ii 111 :1 f ; .!*'■ Ill- if: t, i' I! ^ ( -^vi ) The land at the bottom of this bay is low marfh, and produces fmall birch, and fpruce trees of difrerent forts. Obfervation River is the largelt, and runs the greatefl diftance of any in the ifland. We meafured eight leagues up it without de- termining its length. This river is remarkable; for, notwithftand- ing its fteep banks, which in the middle of the ifland are rocky blulTs about loo feet in height, it is fordable almofl in every part, except where it empties itfelf into the fea. The bottom is flony^ :i :i of this^ oduces rees of large fl, mce of afurcd 'Ut de- s river fland- n die rocky ht, it part, itfelf )m is flony, ( xvii ) flony, and the water exceeding clear. This river will admit of fmall veflels at the entrance, and at the time of high water, \vhich is very regidar here at the full and change of the moon, at 2-2 hours. The entrance of it is formed by two gravel points, which are continually fhifting their fituation in a gale of wind from the weft- ward, fo that at one time its breadth will not be more than 20 yards, and at other times 150 yards, and in vhe fall of the year is liable to be entirely choaked up, fo as to be impaffablc, which really ■xi ftA J ;.,''■■ 1 1 Vv % I, '::A ■1 f , '.. \. ill 1 ?»■ •I' r'^ hi f^ :,! It' h '■i'\ ( xviii ) really happened when the equi- noctial gales prevailed m the month of September, a few days after we had got our velfel into the river. I am of opinion, that the feal fifliery might be carried on here with fome fuccefs in the fpring of the year; thefe creatures, at the time of high water, enter the river in great bodies, and are very careful to be out again be- fore the tide quits them, which might be eafily prevented by a nel properly placed at the en- trance of the river. m •V ^ equi- m the V days t:l iiito le feal n here ring of at the r the are n be- which by a le en- The :» 1 til S ( XIX ) The Sea-cows frequent the South-Weft point in the fall of the year, but not many in num- ber, and in fuch a place as would render it impoftible to cut them off. This ifland is fo well watered, that in the fpace of ev^ery mile round its coaft you will either meet with a fmall rivulet or run of frefti water. The land, from the South- We ft point to the taft point, is ctiiefly low heaths of black turf, fuch as is ufed for fuel ; bears no wood for the fpace of one to two miles from I ► 1 i Kvi I m 1 1 11 .1 'li Vi f ■ li;; f n ' . , 1 ( ■ ' I ' I:- . ' i ( -^'< ) from the fca fliore, and contains many fmall lakes ^nd ponds, where a prodigio b number of wild fowl refort in the fpring to breed up their young. The land on the North fide, from the Weft point to Bear Cape, is very hilly near the middle of the ifland, and well wooded with birch, fpruce, and pine of a middling lize, the largeft not ex- ceeding iifteen inches diameter. Thefe hills, with a gradual de- fcent, form an edging of low grafs land with willow trees along the fea coaft. The m 4 ( xxi ) ■"^7 ontains ponds, bcr of ring to 1 fide, ' Cape, Idle of [i with of a ot ex- ^ter. il de- grafs g the The The illand, from Bear Cape to (he Eafl point, contains fcveral fmall bays, the extreme points of which are high white cHfFs, which lofe themfelves in a regular de- fcent, and form between thern l hne low fand beach, out of which iiTues fcveral rivulets or flreams of frefli water. The fruits, herbs, plants, and vegetables, which are the natural produce of this ifland, are cran- berries, goofeberries, flrawberries, huckleberries, red Indian -berries, juniper-berries, peas, parfley, onions, lambfquaters, or wild fpin- nage, ■ *i 'Ml m h I , 'I ^:. r ; H 'It >[ 'M (V U im '\ r fit}.- l!!..i- l.'i, I ,. Ml it' ( xxii ) nage, Indian potatoes, farfaparilla, maiden-hair, and Indian tea. The Bears, who are the prin- cipal inhabitants of this illand, are fo numerous, that in the fpacc of fix weeks we killed fifty-three, and might have deflroyed twice that number if we had thought fit. Thefe animals, during the winter feafon, live in the hollows under the roots of trees, and it is afferted for faft, that they receive no other kind of nourifhment during that time but from fuck- ing their paws. It is indeed highly probable, that they live in a torpid * € '^ I iparilk, ca. e prin- illund, c fpacc ^-three, 1 twice bought rig the ioUows id it is eceive hment fuck- ndced hve in torpid ( xxiii ) a torpid flate in fcvere frofls, as wc neither faw one of them, or even their t rafts in the Inow during the winter. They come out of their holes in the month of April, exceedingly poor, and feed on fifh and fea weed that is call on fhore. In the fummer, they feed on berries and roots, for which they fearch very diligently, by grubbing along the fea fhore after the manner of fwine. Thefe animals have been fo little mo-* lefted by mankind, that we have frequently palfed near them with- out their difcovering the lead fear ; nor did they ever fhew any iacU- l fa •if I '4y .V '■!'•/^ ■■. 1| H M 'm i , f. ' 1.'' ■ 'Hi; ' i u "I T '' ril' i': 1 1 "i ( ff Hi' «•: ( xxiv ) inclination to attack us, except only the females in defence of their young. The largclt of thefe bears weigh about 300 pounds, and are very good meat. In this ifland there are alfo foxes, martins, and otters ; the foxes are very numerous, and arc of two colours, the lilver gray and red ; partridges are fcarce, and are entirely white. Of the water fowl there are the greatefl plenty, and lome of them of a fpecies peculiar to this country. FiOa i' f ••tp except nee of >t' thefe ounds, e alfo ) ; the nd arc gray carce, re the ' them thi Fith ( XXV ) Fifh are very fcarce along the coafl: of this ifland, except near the cad point, where, about the di (lance of three leagues to the northward of that point, is a fmall fifliing bank. Whales (that have been wound- ed, and efcaped) are fometimes cad on (liore on the fouth fide of this liland ; for the fouth-wxil point forming a long bay with the wcil point, and facing the w^ellwardj a prevailing wind from that quarter, and a llrong current felling down the river St. Law- rence, drives them aflhore on this part of the ifland, where the 7n- dians M , 'A I m Ay.: ■f'> , ».' I /"I ^ -.jI ; ■ ill k' ■' m ■iy-^'l Mi ff :-t It.+ .».(■,; I (•'» I I ( xxvi ) dians from the main land, eroding over in the fummer to hunt, fre- quently find them. that fpent inter nd was very levere, on there The this ilia being froll at different times, from the 15th day of September, to the 2ifl day of June following, on which day I broke a thin fkin of ice on a pond, and on the 31 ft day of May meafured a bank of fnow which lay near the fea. eleven feet perpendicular height, and half a mile in length. V\'e had two continued frolts niglit and day, the one lafted from the 1 4th day of November to the 6th day 4 »t -offing t, fre- nt on there times, mber, )wing, a Ikin e3ift nk of ) fea. eight, V\e night n the e 6th day <s- ( xxvii ) day of January, and the other from the 12th of the fame month to the 23d day of March follow- ing; during each of thefe fet froRs the thermometer was from ten, twenty, thirty, to forty-feven degrees below the freezing mark, and the fea feldom to be feen for the quantity of ice and fnow which was fpread over its furface. There is a report which pre- vails amongfl the French, but how well grounded I cannot fay, that a filver mine was difcovered on the fouth fide of this ifland, up a fmall river about fix leagues from the well point, and that fome of the m '■;•■?'■ I 'i' l'> ■1N«I m P '•■ t I: U I ,1 n M ■^ 'Ml ft' it. Ml ibi:, ( xxviii ) the ore was taken to France, but I had not time to make a proper Icarch after it. A great number of vellels have formerly been wrecked on the eaftern part of this ifland, which may now eafily be accounted for, as by the bell draughts hitherto made it appears on the prefent aftual furvey, to be twelve leagues ihortofits real length, and con- fiderably out of itS fituation both in latitude and longitude. ■1 th. K I' • m Hi, Ir.- VOYAGE nee, bui a proper [els have on the 1, which nted for, hitherto prefent ' leagues id con- on both YAGE, voyagp:, travels. &c. &c. \ OU may remember that, towards tlic end of the year 1723, I received permilTion of my fuperiors to cm- bark for the New World, a fiivour I had long folicited. I therefore proceeded to Paris, and received a Hccnce from father Guifdron, Pro- vincial of St. Denis, who had the B diredion 1 ~ i-V.- 1 ■♦.■ ■■'V-.'l <»'. ? I ■'I' "H iW nil-]: t »■ ■ \l I," I" it j j.i ■| ,ffi M' fill'!: •V, ( ^ ) diredlion of the miffions in New France, or Canada. Proceeding from thence to Ro- chelle, and having there procured every thing neceflary for my paf- fage, I embarked in the fhip Ca- mel, failed on the 24th of May, 1724, and arrived at Quebec after a pafTage often weeks. Here I remained till the year 1726; and here M. de la Croix, the Bifhop of Quebec, conferred the pricllhood upon me, and foon after appointed me curate of a village called Forel, fituated to the fouth of 4 hi'' 'i.n ■ I ■ in New i to Ro- procured my paf- fhip Ca- of May, bee after he year Croix, :rred the »on after village e fouth of ( 3 ) of the rivei St. Lawrence, between the towns of Three-Rivers and Montreal. Q^iebcc, the capital of the pro- vince of Canada, or New France, is fingularly lituated, being a hunched and twenty leagues from tlic fca, and yet poflTe fling a harbour capable of containino^ a hundred fail of line of battle Ihips. The river St. Law- rence is here about a mile broad, although below it is from four to five leagues. The firfl: thing whicli ilrikes you on your arrival, is a fine falling Iheet of water, called the Falls of Montmorenci, which is B 2 about i. ^Ti Mm : ' '3 ■ ,1" > Vi' . w '■ % ■ I* 'J tWt: 111 ri\ -.i 1! '1^ ■ 1 ii': ,4^ I Vi: I 111 i y :'..,% ( 4 ) about thirty feet in breadth, and forty in height. The city, which llands between th e rivers St. L awrence an d St, Charles, confifls of two towns. In the lower town, the merchants and traders live ; and the paffagc from thence to the upper town is fo fteep, that it has been found necclTary to cut fleps, and therefore can only be afcended on foot. In the upper town are the cathedral, the feminary, and place of arms. The fortifica- tions are not complete, but they have been long employed in render- ing it a place of flrength. It w^as, however, m I * ith, and between and St. -ns. In ints and gc from lo fteep, ^ITary to only be upper mi nary, Drtilica- it they render- It was, )wever, :i i:^ ■ ■k ( 5 ) however, fufficicntly ftrong to refiil: the attacks of the Englifh in 171 1. The number of inhabitants arc reckoned at fevcn thoufand, many of whom are worth money, and exert thcmfelves to make life as Agreeable and cheerful as they can. Both fexcs here have as fine com- plexions as any people in the world ; are gay and fprightly ; and although fituated in a colony at fuch a dif- tance from Europe, and locked up, by the feverity of their climate, from the reft of the world for more than half the year, are extremely polite and engaging in their man- ners. B 3 Thrce- ^1 -I iM: V*! M m i ■ ■' I ■A ■•*! .■1 lit tu ' 'i mi 1 n 1 i m if la''- ,"1 ■ Jr ■ ' ^ 'If 4|l') ( 6 ) Three- Rivers is a town called lb from its iituatiori, which conta ms about {'even or eight hundred in- habitants, and is one of the moft ancient towns in the colony, and owed its rife to the great refort of Indians from the moft diftant quarters, by means of its three rivers. This port, next to Mont- real, is the mofl important for trade in all Canada. There is plenty of iron found in its neighbourliood^ and they arc now beginning to work the mines. The Jefuits made a fet- tlemcnt, a few leagues below this place, with all the Indian converts they could colled: ; but, by a feries of Ol .1 I % Ail ■■fs :allcd i'o contains li'ed in- le moft iy, and t refort diftant three Mont- ^r trade ^Mty of liuood, ) work e a fet- ^v this nverts feries of ( 7 ) of war and difcafes, it was foon deflroyed. Two years after I was drawn from my curacy to go Chaplain to a party of four hundred French, which the Marquis de Beauharnois commanded, and who were to be joined by eight or nine hundred Indians of feveral nations, parti- cularly Iroquois, who inhabit the fouth of the river St. Lawrence, between the Englilli and French colonics*, by the Hurons and Nipif- fmgs, * M. Crefpel does not fay what in- •luced the French Government of Canada to iindertake this expedition j and it cannot B 4 efcape '.'4} r.::i':i M m 'v^ja » ;i ! ■'' ^f■• Ki 't •II I • . ■'ft I,,', . fi,-:;'' If I' H i^ n ■■: t \ 8 ) i i' lings, and the Outawahs, who lived on the lakes and rivers of thofc names. To thefe, M. Pefet, a pricft, and F'ather Bcrtonniere, a Jeiuit, adled as Chaplains. The whole, under the command of M. de Lignerie, were difpatched with orders to dejlroy a nation of In- dians, called, by the French, the Fox Indians, but, in their own lan- guage, the Outagamies, fituated on lake Michigan, about four hundred and fifty leagues from Montreal. cfcapc obfervation, that tliis Chrijlian prieft talks of dellroying a whole nation of in- nocent Indians with great coolnefs and com- pofure. The Wk-i i Mil!; s, who ivers of r. Pefet, nicre, a . I1ic of M. 'd with of In^ h, the t^n lan- ited on Jndred ^al. 2 piieft of in. i com- ( 9 ) The Iroquois Indians inhabit the fouth fide of the river St. Lawrence, between the Enghfh and French colonies, and are the moft powerful, warhke, and politic people among the natives of North America. They confifl: of fix confederate nations, . and their form of government fome- what refcmbles that of the Swifs Cantons. Many of thefe Iroquois are fettled in the interior of the French colony in villages, are con- verted, and as fubmiflive to the French government as Indians can be made. They have rendered us good fervices, particularly in war time. '.: -K' • ^1 Th( I •if B5 TI le i m i'«i \7 mu -M i;. I 1t'l ' t, ; 1, lit; H" ; -J (Mil If i! * ! (!! „■: ,1', I--I M ■{^^ :?•» ( 10 ) The Hurons are fituatcd between lakes Huron, Eri, and Ontario. The Nipiffings, to the north eaft of lake Huron. We fet off the 5th of June, 1728, and afcended the great river which bears the name of the Outawahs, and is full of falls and carrying places. We quitted it at Matawan, to enter a river which leads into lake Nipiffing ; the length of this river is about thirty leagues, and, like that of the Outawahs, full of falls and carrying places. From this river we entered the lake, whofe breadth is about eight leagues ; after crolling which, the river of the French carried Ci ir a ni Si" ik '■^i^ between Ontario, "i eaft of which bs, and places. <^n, to to Jake river is ^e that Is and river readth ofUng rench arried ( " ) carried us quickly into lake Huron, into which it falls, after having run a courfc of thirty leagues with great rapidity. As it was not poffible fo many perfons could go down thefe fmall rivers together, it was agreed, that thofe who palTed down firft, fhould wait for the otliers at the entrance of lake Huron, in a place called La Prairie, which is a very fine fitua- tion. Here, for the firft time, I i'aw a rattle-fnake, whofe bite is faid to be mortal, but none of us re- ceived any injury. B 6 The yy-, 'i'^i I i ( 12 ) !:■.■!. ll'l The 26th of July \vc were all affemblcd together, and I celebrated mafs, which I had hitherto deferred ; next day we departed for Michili- makinac, a port fituated between the lakes Huron and Michigan. Although the diftance was one hun- dred leagues, we ran it in lefs than fix days. Here we remained fome time to repair what had been da- maged in the flills and carrying places ; and here I confccrated two pair of colours, and interred two foldiers, who were carried off by fatigue and illnefs. MichiHmakinac is a port advan- tageoufly fituated for trade, with three Ml M crc all .^bratcd Fcrrcd ; [ichili. :^tvvccn higan. c hun- > than fbme n da- rying two two -by van- ^ith hrec ( '3 ) three great lakes — Michigan, whicli: is three hundred leagues in circuit ;. Huron, which is full three hundred and fifty leagues in circumference; and lake Superior, which is full five hundred leagues round : all tliree navigable for the largeil fort of boats, and the two firft feparated only by a fmall flrait, which has water fufficient for fmall vefTels, who can fail, without any obflaclc over lake Eri, to the pofi: of Nia- gara. The loth of AugufI: wc left Ma- chilimakinac, and entered lake Mi^ chigan. As we had contrary winds for two days, our Indians had time to f'.i m 4 ■ V h k I ;l'' :•, • I I < il- :'.$ m: !::fr u f'.r :: J ,, I 1., I <■■■'. ( m t! 1. ;i-:![^ ■in'i: ( H ) to hunt, and they brought in two elks and a caribou y and were ge- nerous enough to offer us a part. We made fome difRcuhies in re- ceiving their favour, but they forced U9, and told us, that fince we had lliared with them the fatigues of the journey, it was but jull w^e (liould partake of the comforts it had pro- cured, and that they fhould not eflcem themfelves men if they did not adl thus to their brethren. This anfvver, which was fpoken in French, affected me fcnfibly. What hu- manity among thofe \vc call favages ! and how many fliould we find in Europe to whom thnf t'tle might be more properly applied ! The I f 1] 1.1^' zn 4."" 1 two •e ge- part. n re- forced ^e had of the hould i pro- i not y did This ench, hii- aees ! id in light The ( '5 ) The generofity of our Indians de- ferved a lively fenfc of gratitude from us. Several times, when wc had not hccn able to find places for hunting, we had been obliged to live on fait me8\ The flcfb of the elks and caribou removed the dii- tafte we began to entertain for our ordinary food. The Orignaly or Elk of Canada, is as large as a horfe, and his horns as long as thofe of a flag, but thicker, and more inclining over the back, the tail Ihort, and his (kin a mixture of light gray and reddifh black. The Caribou is not fo tall, and fiiaped m f' ,. ■l^k- 1 I ..'' v' ■ •'•■ii ' ■ . i :■ •• -HI •4 ji t. mm m J!'.! '% m ^^^j'l.. 1 !«1 h>'"' i-t' 1 » h '' pi ( >6 ) fhaped more like the afs, but equals the ftag in fwiftncfs. The 14th of the fame month we continued our route as far as the flrait of Chicagou, and paiTing from thence to Cape La Mort, which is five leagues, we encoun- tered a gale of wind that drove feveral of our canoes on (hore who could not double the cape and ihelter themfelves under it : feveral were loft, and the men diftributed among the other canoes, who by- great good fortune efcaped the danger. The ■a s equals month as the paffing Mort, icoun- drove :; who z and everal buted lo by the The *f ( ^7 ) The 15th we landed among the Malomines, with a view to provoke them to oppofe our dcfccnt ; they fell into the fnarc, and were en- tirely defeated. Thefe Indians are called by the French Folles AvoineSy or Wild- Oat Indians, probably from their living chiefly on that fort of grain. The whole nation confifts onlv of this village, who are fome of the tallefl: and handfomeft men in Ca- nada. I The next day we encamped at the entrance of a river named r La Gafparde ; our Indians en- % I tcred ' ■■■■*■■( ^ir^;Vf '; I t'. •■'■■■» ■'? i::i: m ir;': I - ,. i '..■ j; -V <l - If 1. It if' . ^i'iv r\ mi 1^ );' 1 ,^.' ( i8 ) tered the woods, and brought back Icveral deer, a kind of game very common in this place, and which Ibpphed us with provifions for fome days. We hahed on the 17th from noon to evening, to avoid arriving at the poll of La Baye before night, wifli- ing to furprife our enemies, whom we knew to be in company with the Saguis, ouralhes, whofe village lay near Fort St. Francis. We ad- vanced in the evening, and at mid- night reached our fort at the entrance of the Fox river. As foon as we arrived, Monfieur de Lignerie fcnt fome Frenchmen to tlie th( tail th( ilf-^-V t back c very which IS for 1 noon at the wifli- ^vhom with tillage Tq ad- mid- the As jr de zn to the i ^ ^9 J the commandant to know for cer- tain if there were any eneniics in the village, and being afl'urcd there were, he fcnt all the Indians, and a a detachment of the French, acrofs the river Le Sur, round the habita« tions, while the reft of the French entered by the dired: way. How- ever we had endeavoured to conceal our arrival, the enemies had in- formation, and all the inhabitants cfcaped except four, who were de- livered to our Indians ; and they, after having long amufed themfelves with tormenting them, lliot them with arrows. .1 r ?v3^ ::\k\ .1 i r * ^ir3 . ' I .^''•l|i:r' ■•■I ii,| ::il!' i '-•, i I' ■ '- ^1- ■■ .r ^. ^ I !■ ( io ) I was a painful witncfs of this cruel tranfac^lion, and could not re- concile the brutal plcafurc they took in tormenting thefc unfortunate people, and making them fuffer the pain of twenty deaths before they deprived them of life, with the ge- nerous fentiments expreflfed by thefe fame favages a few days ago. I wiflied to have afked them, if they did not perceive the ftriking con- trail: in their conduct, and to point out what I thought reprehenfible in their proceeding ; but as all our in- terpreters were on the other fide of the river, I was obliged to poftpone my inquiries till another time. After hi " i' ( '^^ ) After this affair \vc aicendcd the Fox river, which is much trouhlcd with rapids, and whofc courfc is near forty leagues. The 24th of Aucruit wc arrived at the villaoc of the Fuans Indians, whofe name, in theii language, does not hear the fame fignification as in French, hut from thv'^ir vicinity to the wa- ters, and they may therefore be more properly called the Maritime Indians. Our people were w^ell dif- pofed to dellroy fuch men as they flioLild find there, but the flight of the inhabitants faved them, and we could only burn their huts, and de- ftroy the harveft of Indian corn, on which they fubfifl:. We I! •■ r:^ JJ-^ • -'-it-' ^1 ■;■■' i -^r 'i,-. In ' ft'' !i, ■■■• ftr^: ( -^'^ ) We afterwards crofled the little lake of the Foxes, and encamped at tlic enth The next day being St. Lawrence, we had mafs*, and en- tered a (mall river which led us to a )und, the bord( marfhv ground, on the borders 01 which \\ as fituated the chief fettle- mcnt of thof:; Indians of whom we were in fcarch. Their allies, the Saeuis, had p;iven them notice of our approach ; they did not think proper to wait our arrival, and we found in their village fome wo- men only, whom our Indians made Haves, and an old man, whom they * How eafy does this pious mifTionary pafs Irom liavock and dcflruflion to de- votion. burned 1 hi ^J ■J ni 1 1- * CO i!l littk pcd af •g St. id en- IS to a ers of fettle- m we 3, the ce of think d we wo- made they lionary o de- 4 / V 23 ) hurned hy a flow fire, without ma- nifefting the leaft repugnance for committing fo barharous an adlion. This cruehy appeared to mc more atrocious than that they had exer- cifed on the four Saguis. I feized this opportunity to fatisfy my cu- riofity on the fubjed: I before -men- tioned. Among our Frenchmen we had one who fpoke the Iroquois language, whom 1 defired to tell the Indians, that I was furprifed to fee them, with i'o much apparent plea- fure, inflidt fuch a cruel death on an unfortunate old man ; that the laws of war did not extend fo far, and that it appeared to mc, that fuch barbarity ; ■ ; V. «. ••■. i m ■ * ■ . .' <\ ?V1 • y. .' J'-M s-!v ■ . <^i -■iii t' ;[!i! - f ■,: ..' m ^,."""' ( 24 ) barbarity gave the lie to all thofe good principles they pretended to entertain towards mankind. One of the Iroquois anfwcred, tliat if any or them Ihould fall into the h.ands of the Foxes or Saguis, they would f^xperience ftill more cruel treatment, and that it was a cuflom with them to treat their enemies as they fhould be treated by them if they were taken. ■0 II m h ! •1 ir., N(.'''^ iv '■ . I "i '■'■ ; I::: % I w idled much to have been ac~ quainted with the language of this Indian, to have fliewn him what was blameable in his anfwer; but was obliged to content myfelf with defiring my interpreter to reprefent to i 25 N to him, that nature and reHgion ftill more required that wc Ihould be humane towards one another, and that moderation (hould guide us in all our anions ; that pardon, and a forgivenefs of injuries, was a virtue, the practice of which w^as exprefsly commanded by heaven ; that I con- ceived it would not be fafe for them to fpare the Fox or Saguis Indians, but that if they put them to death, it lliould be as foes to their nation, and not as their private enemies ; that fuch revenge was criminal, and that to excrcife fuch exceflTcs as they had towards the five unfortunate men they had put to death with fuch cruel torments, in fome degree c juftificd i ■ -; f . !•• j I V ■ •f n .1 t ( 26 ) r ;. • |jli*'^: I n 1 r!-,|iii ■' ■•If 1 m Ml i. •■'■:: !l": ^|.- • I -id «'• ■•.;: ['li/j' juftificd the barbarity with which they reproached their enemies ; that the laws of war only permitted them to take the life of their enemy, and not to glut themfelves with his blood, or drive them to defpair by deftroying them in any other way than by combat and arms : in fine, that they ought to fet the Foxes and Saguis that example of moderation which is the proof of a good heart, and which makes the Chriftian Re- ligion, and thofe who profefs it, {o much loved and admired. I do not know whether my in- terpreter explained my fentiments clearly, but the Indian could not be brought ( 27 ). brought to confefs that he adled on a falfe principle. I was proceeding to urge further reafons, when orders were given to advance againft the laft poll of the enemy, which was fituated on a httle river which runs into another yivcr that communicates with the Mifliihppi. We did not find any Indians, and as we had no orders to advance further, we employed fome days in laying wafle the country, to deprive the enemy of the means of fublilt- cncc. The country hereabout is beautiful, the land fertile, the game plenty and good, the nights were c 2 verv if-j'^i 1 • '• ■ <'i ( 28 ) .*■■.;, '■.»L' U: ■ i M III '■■■;; 1; il .very cold, but the days extremely hot. After this expedition, if fuch a Xifelcfs march defervcs that name, we prepared to return to Montreal, from which we were now four hundred and fifty leagues dill ant. In our palTage we deflroyed the fort at La Baye, bccaufe being fo near the enemy it would not afford a fecure retreat to the French, wjio mufl: be left as a garrifon. 1 he Fox Indians, irritated by our ra- va'^cs, and convinced that wc fliould fcarcely make a fecond viiit into a country where we were uncertain of meeting with any inhabitants, might have i -Tr *J liU emely uch a name, ntreal, ' four liflant. le fort near Ford a , wjio The ir ra- liould into a ain of might have •I ( 29 ) have blockaded the fort, and per- haps have taken it. When we ar« rived at MichiHmakinac, our com- mander gave permillion to every one to go where he plcafcd. We had now three hundred leagues to travel, and our provifions would have fallen (liort if we had not exerted ourfelves to make a quick paflage. The winds favoured us in croffing lake Huron ; but we Iiad continual rains while we were on the river of the French, while crofimo: lake Mi- chigan, and on the river Matawan, which ccafcd as we entered the rFver of the Outawahs. I cannot de- fcribe the fwiftnefs with whicli we dcfccndcd this great river, of which /^•% .;• '■•I V . H.I c imaei- ;• I Irit' m. - p: ■■■;" \f\ ■■■: i,^' -''i w >,; '^'illb'^ih 1 r.*"' I. ijifl- 15- ( 30 ) imagination only can form an idea. As I was in a canoe with fome men whom experience had taught how to dcfcend the rapids, I was not one of the laft at Montreal, where I ar- rived the 28th of September, and remained there till the fpiing, when I received orders to proceed to Que- bec. Montreal, the fecond city in Ca- nada, is of a quadrangular form, fituated on the bank of a river, >vhich gently rifing divides the city into the upper and lower town. In the lower is an hofpital, magazines, and place of arms; ami in the upper, the feminary, church, convent of the 1 I tb it- Ca- In ( 31 ) the Recollcts, and governor's hoiilc. Montreal is fitiiated on a fine iHand, about ten leagues in length, and four leagues in its grcatell breadth, formed by two branches of the river St. Lawrence. I no fooner reached that city than our commiflary ordered mt for Nia- ofara, then a new fettlement, with a fortrefs fitiiated at the entrance of a fine river of the fame name, formed by the celebrated cataracft of Nia- gara, which lies fouth of lake On- tario, and fix leagues from our fort. I therefore returned to Montreal^ and paffed from thence to fort Fron- G 4 • • tmiac, ■•>•;.; i 'y-Jr - ■ ^ M->\ ■M 1 1 . '1 '* '■ T*-- lii ■t ..-t^i: .•1 r ■• ■':! !'-;-■■■'.. •» ( 32 ) tiniac, or Cataraquoy, built at the entrance of lake Ontario. Althoiio-h only eighty leagues from Montreal, as we went againfl: the ftream of the river, we weie fifteen days in afcending. Here we quitted our canoe, and embarked in a veffel of the king's, built for the navigation of the lake, of about eighty tons burden, very fwift, and which fometimes crofles the lake, a pafTa^? of feventy leagues, in thirty-fix hours. The lake is very fafe, being deep, and without rocks; I founded in the middle with an hundred fa* thorn of line, and could find no bottom. It is about thirty leagues broad, and ninetv lon^^'. 1 ' 1 ( 33 ) We failed the 22d of July, but did not arrive until the 25th. I found the place very agreeable ; hunting and fifliing were very pro- dudlive, the woods in their greateft beauty, and full of walnut and chef- nut trees, oaks, elms, and fomc others, far fuperior to any we fee in France. ^ :•!.•• ' ■ ■■ m Ai " 1 The fever foon de.ftroyed the plea- fures we began to find, and much incommoded us until the beo^inninw of autumn, which fcafon difpelled the unwholefome air. We pafled the winter very quietly, and would have paffed it very agreeably, if the vclTcl which was to have brought UTv^ r ■ ■■ • r ,' * ■ ■ - » .■■ ."1. - '1 l!«i " t ♦ • ■ .11 "; ( 34 } US refreihments had not encountered a ftorm on the lake, and been obliged to put back to Frontiniac, which laid us under the neceffity of drinking nothing but water. As the winter advanced, fhe dared not to proceed, and wc did not receive our ftores till May. ii iiifi- t!> :!' In the fpring I made a journey to Detroit, on the invitation of a bro- ther of our order, who was there on a miffion. From Niagara to this poft is an hundred leagues, which is fituated about fifteen leagues on this fide the extremity of lake Erie. This ( 35 ) This lake is about a hundred leagues long, and thirty broad, is {hallow, and confequently dange- rous in ftormy weather. To the northward it is troubled with flioals, fo that if a vcffel is taken by the wind in a place where there is no good landing, which fometimes is not to be found in a fpace of three leagues, there is great danger of pcri(hing» In feventeen days I reached De- troit, and was received by the prieft 1 went to vifit with a warmth which rtiewed the extreme pleafure we ex- perience in meeting one of our countrymen in a diftant region ; be- c 6 fides t. 'if Ti ..1 i ■■ * * , jt r. ■H ::■.. :i II 'i. li'Vv -It ii' t_ . 1 1 I ■ . ■■ - I m ■ ( 36 ) fides we were brethren of the fame order, and had quitted our country for the fame motive. I was there- fore welcome to him on many ac- counts; nor did he omit any oppor- tunity of convincing me how pleafed he was with my vifit. He was older than me, and had been very fuccefsful in his apoftolic labours : his houfe was agreeable and con* venient; it was, as I may fay, his ow^n work, and the habitation of virtue. His time, which was not cm- ployed in the duties of his office-, was divided between ftudy and the occupations of the field. He had a few ■ i al 01 tl tl (■ 37 ) few books, the choice of which afforded a good idea of the purity, of his morals, and the extent of his knowledge. With the language of the country he was familiar ; and the facility with which he fpoke it made him very acceptable to many of the Indians, who communicated to him their reflexions on all fub* jedts, particularly religion. Affa- bility attrads confidence, and no one was more deferving of the latter than this good man. . He had taught fomc of the in* habitants of Detroit the French lan- guage ; and among them I found many whofe good fenfe and found judgement ■ . '^^'^ t ■ % - 1 fa ^■: '■■';-'-'-' ■'. H I : 1 if'..' :• I .Jul V- :j>:} V .(. f?j'- ! ''"'^ i ' i>j;'- • ■ •' i , •' ■.' L^ ^ ,!t ( 38 ) S'C I 1! A .-.■',,J( judgement would have made them confpicuous, even in France, had their minds been cuhivated by ftady. Every day I remained with this man I found new motives to envy his fituation. In a word, he was happy, and had no caufe to blufh at the means by which he became fo. al r( Detroit, or the Narrows, is fitu- ated on the ftrait leading from lake Huron to lake Eri. The country round is faid by many to be the fineft part of Canada, and feems to want nothing that can make a coun- try delightful : hills, meadows, fields, forefts, rivulets, fountains, all .•* ( 39 ) all excellent in their kind, and fo happily blended as to equal the moft romantic wifhes. The lands are in general wonderfully fertile, and the iflands feem as if placed on purpofe to add to the beauty of the profped:. The fort, which is called Pontchar- train*, is on the weft fide of the ftrait, and has many Indian villages near it. * This fort, Niagara, and Michilimaki- nac, are all fituated on the fide of the lakes whicli belong to the United States of Ame- rica; have ever fincc the peace been fub- je€ts of contention between Great Britain and thofe dates, and by the late treaty of commerce have been delivered up to the Americans. I re- >•'.-> if? i1 ,. i ■ . » "(A > ( ! i;] 6' ' '. II!!". 'fl (i 'i:( II A 'v1 If ft« (■ 4^ ) f returned from this vifit to Nia- gara, where I remained two years, and in that time learned enough of the Iroquois and Outawah lan- guages to converfe in them. This enabled me to enjoy their com- pany when I took a walk in the environs of our poft. In the fequel you will fee this was extremely ufe- ful to me, and faved my life. i^ n^■ ■t ^i ■■ li :r ■ hi- When my three years refidence at Niagara expired, I was, according to cuflom, relieved, and pafled the winter at the convent at Quebec. It was a great flitisfacflion to me to pafs that rigorous feafon there. If wc ( 4f ) \vc had no fiiperfluitics, we however wanted nothing that was ncceffary ; and what was none of our leaft plca- ilires, we heard news from oin; country, and found a fociety with whom W€ could convcrfc. The chaplain of fort Frontiniac fell fick in the fpring, and our com- miflary intended me to fupply his place, the fituation of which poft I have before defcribed. Here I re-^ mained two years, when I was re- called to Montreal, and foon after fent to point La Chevalure, or Scalping Point, on lake Chaniplain, io called bccaufe the Indians, whcn^ they; m$ •i-n .». ' !;•!! 'f :r r (L, t ;(il ■, f ;.r1 W' •r • i . • -^ it* ' ' ■' It-. ,,}. it ( 42 ) tliey kill any one, cut off his fcalp, which they carry on a pole, as a proot that they have defeated their enemies. This cuftom gave a name to the place, as in a battle at this point many Indians were kalped,^ Lake Champlain is about fifty- five leagues long ; is adorned with feveral agreeable iflands, the waters are good, and well ftored with fifh. The fort we have at this place is called Frederick, fituated advan- tageoufly on a very elevated point of land, fifteen leagues from the northern end of the lake, and is the key to the colony of New France, t ■ i' it I fcalp, , as a I their name t this fifty. with waters . filh, ce is van- |:>oiat the d is Sew nee, I ( 43 ) France, or Canada, towards the Enghlh ^^tlements, which arc not m.ore than thirty leagues diftant. i did not reach my deftination till November, 1735; the feafon, which began to be fevere, increafed the fatigues of the voyage, which, ex- cept my ftiipwreck, was one of the mcft toilfome I have experienced in Canada. The day we left Chambly, a pod about forty leagues from Frederick, we were obliged to fleep out of doors, and during the night there was a fall of fnow full a foot deep. The winter came on as it had be- gun ; " • • ■ •■ il :H| '."! ^1 ■ ' ■! ' . f ' * I . ■',*. ! a :l t^ li: I '* ji'" I' m '%■ I t ( 44 ) guiij and although we found a houfe at the poft to flcep in, our fufTerings were almoft as great as it we had been in the open air. The houfe in which wx were lodged was not finifhed; we were but badly covered from the weather, and the walls, which were of an enormous thicknefs, had been finiflied but a few days, and added greatly to the inconveniences we received from the rain and fnow, Moft of our foldiers were afRided with the fcurvv, and \\c had all fuch diforders in our eyes, that we were even fearful we Ihouid lofe our fight. Our food was not better than our lodging. We found little to eat near the poll but r': m Mi I \t \*' < if i 45 ) but a few partridges, and to procure \enifon we were obliged to go -^s fiir as lake Sacrement, which was fcven or eight leagues off! In the fpring they proceeded to compleat our houfe, but we chofc rather to encamp, during the fum- mer, than to remain any longer therein. Here wc were not more at our eafe, for we were all vifited by the fever, and not one of us could enjoy the pleafures of the fcafon. This fituation, I mufl con- fcfs, began to be very difagreeable, when towards the month of Auguft I received an order from my pro- vincial to return to France. The religious ■*•■» • : ';! ■0 « I I, IPlHi ■ p ;' W '• .» W'-' ^'' ^t-^-^ :^ ■■■■ ir h-- !>■ J;:. ;• li^ If :i f ■:j!i.;ji|^ih(»l!r t- ■ ■ '■;''■; ^: . -:L il I; ■ ft w »■!'■ ••# l4- . ( 46 ) religious who was fent to fuccced me was of our province; he arrived at Frederic the 21ft of September, 1736, and I departed the fame day in the evening. The next day we had a favourable wind, which car- ried js t(: point Au Fer. about ei^jht leagues; frOii. Chambly ; but on the 23d we expedted to have periflicd in going down the rapid of St. Tc- refa : this was the lafl danger I en- countered b::fore I arrived at Quebec, where I expefted immediately to embark for France. Thus you have an abridgment of my peregrinations in the new world. Thofe who have travelled in this countrv 1^^ ( 47 ) country will fee I am acquainted \vith it. The relations of former travellers will inform you of many circumftances xvhich I might have repeated after them ; but, in writing niy travels, my principal intent was to defcribe the (hipwrcck I expe- rienced in my return to France* The circumftances attending it arc extremely interefting, and you may prepare to hear a tale of forrow and woe. All I have to relate will ex- cite your curiofity, and demand your pity ; do not be afhamed to beftow it : a good heart is always fufceptible of the misfortunes of others. He who does not feel for the misfor- tunes of his brethren, ought with juftice ) ' . • 4* . ■ ,' ■ I * '* ' ' ' ■ >\ ■• '■ M ',,1 ; ■ : '-i . ■-■fi ■;4, I'i! ( 48 ) jullice to be deprived of the happi- nefs of human fociety . I remained fomc time at Quebec waiting an opportunity to return to France ; in about two months I found one by the king's fliip th^ Hero, of which I unfortunately did not proffer, but accepted of the offer from the Sieur Frenoufe, a Cana- dian. The connexion between us caufed me to accept the place of his chaplain. He was a brave man, whom an experience of forty-fix years had rendered very able cs a navigator; nor could Meffrs. Pa- cond of Rochelle, the owners, have cntrufted their fhip, the Renown, in better 1' ■■ $ ih % ■'#"■ urn to 1 iths I i| ip th« ■ !y did 1 ^ offer m Cana- :n us H :>( his '^jH man, ' ^ y-fix ^s a J Pa- ■ have ri p, in letter 1 •J ■V! ' ■''if ( 49 ) better hands. The velTcl was new, a good failer, very convenient, of about tlirec hundred tons, and ivjoiintcd with forty pieces of can- non. I tie ircntJemen we: re djHrous of faf( •w t in( Many •roin^-'- with u% to enjoy a convenient palTage, fo tb.at v.e had fifty-four j^crlons on board the vcl- kl. We failed the ;jd of Novem- ber, with fcveral otlier ihips, and ancliored all to9;ether in Saint Pa- trick^s tlole, three leagues from (Quebec ; the next day wc reached the illand of Orleans. We endea- voured on the .5th to pafs the ftraits of Orleans, but could not, but were D more ■ 1 ^ ■ •( *> ^i ..•■»■ {■^n 'Hi ;'; ■A; 'J m> ,r. ir- ( 50 ) more fuccefsfiil on the clay after, for we pafled in company with a brigantine bound to Martinico. — - The Ihips which failed with us had fucccedcd in their firfl: attempt; we were therefore without any confort, and anchored at La Prairie, near the ifle of Coudres, i'. The yth we reached Hare Ifland and Mathan, where we found a light wind from the north, the bane- ful effedts of which, and particu- larly in that feafon of the year, our captain well knew, and confelTed to us that we had every thing to fear : he thought proper therefore to bear away in fearch of anchoring ground, and ( 5t ) and fomc fliclter from the tcmpeft with which we were threatened. A Ihort time after we were obliged to wear, and on the nth of the month, about eight at night, the wind Ihiftcd about to the NNW. NE. ENE. E. at laft to the SSE. from w^hence it blew two days. All this time we were beat- ing off the ifland of Anticofti with reefs in our topfails; but as foon as the wind fliifted to the SSE. we fleered SE. by E. till the 14th in the morning, when the fhip ftruck, within a quarter of a league of the fliore, on a ridge of rocks, about eight leagues from the fouthern point of Anticofti. D 2 The ■■■;-t' ..t •I' h'' I t; ^^' !;i^ n ■ • Vit- , ■'-(,;- . ( 52 ) The fliip flruck (b often, that we were fearful every moment flic would go to pieces. The weather may be fuppofed very bad at this ieafon, and our fcamen in dcfpair, lince none of them could be per- fuaded to affift in taking in the fails, although their action on the fliip would infallibly haflen our deflruc- tion. The water poured into the veflTel in great abundance; fear had deprived above half our men of their prefence of mind; and a ge- neral diforder feemed to announce our approaching diflblution. * i • 'f' .' » • ' • H. ■, HV *1, ;]' 1 li Ul'1> li X, I: If it had not been for our gunner, our future fituation would have been dreadful. II , that nt flic cathcr It this :fpair, : pcr- i fails, I fliip flruc- the ir had "n of a gc- puncc nncr, been dfiil. ( 53 ) dread fill. He ran to the bread- room, and althougli tlie water had already made its way in, he threw a quantity of bread between decks. He thought alfo that fome mulkets, a barrel of powder, and a cafe of cartridges, would be ufeful to us in cafe we fliould efcape this danger ; he therefore caufed all thefe things to be brought up. His precautions were not ufelefs, and without the aififtance of thefc articles I fliould iiever have been preferved to relate this. The wind did not abate, nor the lea diminifla ; the waves carried away oiu* rudder, and we were obliged to cut awMy our mizen- maft. We then began to get our D 3 yawl : f>7M ^ ,..■•; n !!?v- M. ii [-.i m vfl m i '1 1 |n|f' ■;■*"• t 1 I* ■ !'; • ■ •" ml!-:-- ■■' IL, 54. ) :»!: vavvl (the fmallcfl boat of a mcr- chant fliip) into the fca, taking great precaution to keep her at a diftance from the fide of the fliip, for fear fhe fhould be ftove. The fight of death, and hopes of avoid- ing it, infpired us with courage ; and although we knew we muft pafs a wretched life, at leaft for many months, in this ifland, we thought we fhould be content to fuftcr every thing, could v/e pre- fervc our lives. After having put our yawl into the water, wc got our long-boat into the tackles, in order to embark what we could fave, and get clear of I A i I mcr- taking r at a ' fliip, The ivoid- rage ; muft I for , wc fit to pre- into boat :>ark lear oi" ( 55 ) of the (hip quickly, for fear tlic Ha UioiiKl beat hir againft tlic fide of the fhip, and dertroy her. But *tis in vain for man to reft on his own prudence when the hand of God lays heavy on him. All our ef- forts were ufelefs. Twenty of us entered the long-boat, and inftantly the fore-tackle gave Vv^ay. Judge of our fituation ! the long-boat re- mained fufpended by the after- tackle, and of thofe who were in her many perfons fell into the fea, otliers held by the boat's (ides, and (bmc, by means of ropes which hung from the (hip's fide, got on board her again. r- .V • * , • * I f 'j D 4 The tfV t i".i>- 3 ( ,56 ) Tlic captain, feeing this accidc ii ordered the other tackle to be cut or looiencd ; and th.c long-boat having regained her pofition, I jumpe( in to h er aeain to fj ive Meflrs. Leveque and Dufrefnois, who were nearly drow^ned. The fea treated our boat fo roughly., that the water came in on all fides. Without rudder or fail, in a drca:!-' ful ftorm, a continual rain, the fca raging, and the tide ebbing, what could we look for but approaching dcrtrudtion! We exerted, however, our efforts to gain \a ofiing ; fomc employed thcmfijlves in throwing out the water • we ufed an oar in- ftead of a rudder : we were in want of or con wa^ boai hir g' ing in- mt lof ( 5; ) of every thing, or every thing went contrary to our intention. Two Wcivcs broke over us, and filled the boat' with water to our knees; a third would infallibly have fent us to the bottom. Our ftrength di- rninidied in proportion as we flood more in need of it, and we advanced but flowly, fearing, with great r- afon, that our boat would founder before we could reach the land. Tlie rain prevented us from diftin- guifliing the place proper for land- ing ; every part we could fee ap- peared very flecp, and v/e beheld nothing: before us but death.. ° 5 I thoii^iu •■ . ■ • *4 . ' "/ >? -/ •■•••'■■: '-fii ■ U * -J If,*, ■ - ;• • f'l: . f ■1- : |.;l ■r . ' • -'' t. . .%i m „-f ^ •) "I" M%' ^^" (', ■1. 1 .- (• 5« ) i thought it my duty to exhort my coiiipanions to put thcmfclvcs, by 'iV\ ad: of contrition, in a proper flatc to appear before their God. H idler to I had deferred it for fear of incrcafing their fears, or abating their courage; but now there was no time to delay, and I did not wifli to have to reproach myfelf with negledt of my duty. Every one betook himfelf to prayers ; and, after the conjiteor (or confcllion), I gave them abfolution. It was an afFeding iiglit to behold the men labouring to throw out the water, or at the oar; at the Hime time fup-* plicating God to have pity on them, and '»! ^'1, • ♦ '•■! proper God. DY fear bating e was t wifli with y one and, 3n), I as an t men '.vater, e flip- them, and ( 59 ) and to parcion thofc fins wliich might render them unworthy to participate his glory : they feemed at lafl: refigned to death, and waited their fate without a murmur. For my part, I recommended my foul to God, and recited the viiferere aloud, which they all repeated after mc. I faw no longer any hope; the boat was ready to founder; and [ had covered my eyes with my gown to avoid feeing the moment of my dcftrudlion, when a guft of wind drove us violently on fhore. You cannot imagine with what hafte we quitted the boat, but wx were not immediately out of danger; D 6 the ,.'•■>•. ■'< . K.J ■■ :•■ ;v'. .*■ .--*, .nv. 1 1 :-\ f-iiai ( Co ) the waves rolkvl over i;s, fome were ftruck down by them, and we were all in danger of being carried away; we, however, happily rcfifted their violence, and got off with l\val- lowing much water. In this fcene of diforder, fom.e one had the pre fence of mind to feize the headfafi: of the boat, and keep her from running adrift, without which precaution we had infallibly perifhed. !-•<.. Oui firft care was to return thanks to God for our deliverance from fuch imminent danger ; and indeed, without his providential aid, it nc one feize I keep ithout Uibly eturn rancc and I aid, it ( oi ) h was not pofliblc wc (lioiild have efcaped death. We were now on a fandy point, feparatcd from the body of the ifland by a river, whieh ran from a bay a little above where we landed. It was with the greatefl difficulty we crofled this river, the depth of which expofed us to dan^rer a third time. As the water o ebbed, wc were able to fetch what we had in the boat, and bring the articles on fhore in the ifland. This was a great fatigue, but wc had no time to lofe. We were drenched to the fkin, and every thing be- longing to us was in the fame con- dition — how then could we poffibly make a fire? After a confiderable time. '!«' ii: . ...ir J' ' '■ ': •i •• I • ■ M \ ■ I! I '1 ■ ' t ' ' ( .• ♦ i', : • .„. ' 11. M |i-. ■ Uv. i ( 62 ) time, however, we fucccded : this was more necellary to us than any thing elfe; and although it was long fince we had taken any nourifh- ment, and that we were hungry, we did not think of fatisfying that want until we had warmed our- felves. About three o'clock in the morn- ing the yawl came on fhore with only fix men in her ; the fea ran fo high that they could not venture any more. We went down to her af- fiftance, and took the neccffary pre- cautions to draw her on fhore with- out damaging her. She was our only refource, and without her we fliould : this 1 any ; long Lirifh- ^ we that our- lorn- with n fo any af- 3re- ith- our we uld ( 63 ) llioiild never have been able to gef the provifions which the gunner had favcd from the fliip, nor the feven- teen men who ftill remained on board . None of us dared to venture the next day, and we paded the fuc- ceeding night very forrowfully.. The fire we had made was infuf- ficient to dry us, and we had no- thing to ferve as a covering in this rigorous feafon. The wind ap- peared to increafe, and although the fhip was ftrong, new, and well- built, we had reafon to fear that fhc v/ould not remain whole until next day, and that thofe who were on board -J * 1 ' :> •; > « ■• ■■■ ^^ , . » -.v .■.■■•; ■ >••'■ • r .. ■,.i,. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I !f IM IIM - lifi lllllio 1.8 '•25 1.4 III 1.6 ^ 6'" ► VI (^ /2 /a <?. ^^ ■/^ /A Photographic Sdences Corporation n WEST MAIN STr'T WEBSTER, NY. 1458b (716) 872-4503 <i' u. ^ v: '- 4* A 3. ■ -rtH; 'A /I ''A ■^vr 1 -t* 1 ( ^4 ) board would infallibly perifh. — ' About midnight the wind fell, the fea became more calm, and at break of day \vc faw the fliip in the fame ftate we had left her. Some if fe< th« or our leamen went aboard in tne boat, and found our men in good health, and that they had palTed their time much more agreeably than we had, as they had fomething to eat and drink, and were under flicker. They put feme provifions into the boat, and brought them to hen hunger began to us, at a time w :fs rcis us vc ry muc We then took our repaft, con- Ming of about three ounces of meat :'v\^ I w 4i' °t I fell, and at in the Some in the good palled eably thing inder fions m to m to on- o£ ^icat ( 65 ) meat each, a little brotli of fomc legumes or pulfe boiled therein. We found it necelTary to be careful, that wc might not expofe ourfelves to a total want of food. We fent a fecond time to the iliip to fave the carpenter's tools, fome pitch for our long-boat, a hatchet to cut wood, and fome fails to make tents. All thefe things were of great ufe to us, particularly the fails, for the fnow fell that night two feet deep. On the next day, (November 16), w hile i next ome ent on board the Ihii in fearch of provifions, others la- boured to get the long-boat on fliore, and fucceeded by help of a double ■ - » A' M- ■ * ' ' i ' •!• ■ I ^/ ; ■■f ■■ V 4.. ! ' ;•}. .f -W ^: yiv X.'" ■M'. W- .***•. ' , Jy . •r ■'■ ' * ■'■(V ' ; Ml.;. ■■r^ ■' a'" '■*■ ■•* .- ■■^^ '. t, < >! ^•■■^i .,!' ( 66 ) double tackle. The bad condition rtie was in convinced ws how near we had been periQiing, and we could not conceive how it was po^^ible fhe could have reached the fliore. We immediately fet about repairing her. The mizen-yard of the fliip ferved for a keel. We made a new ftern-poft with a piece of timber we cut in the foreft ; the two planks we wanted for the bottom we oot from the fhip, and in truth we re- paired her as well as it w^as poffiblc in our fituatioa. While \vc were thus employed on our boat we made but one meal in twenty-four hours, and that as moderate * i: ( ^7 ) moderate as I have before defer ibed. Prudence required this of us ; we had only two months provifions in the fliip, which is the ufual quan- tity they lay in for a voyage from Quebec to France. All our bifcuit was fpoiled j and of our other ftores, one half had been either confumed or fpoiled in the eleven days wc had been at fea: fo that we had not more than five weeks provifions • This calculation, or, if you pleafe, this refledlion, was a melancholy one, fov there was no appearance we fliould be able to quit this defer! fpot in that period. The J': I- :/ 'A '^'- I' til ■|-:" 1'... '*r*' '" ■» ; 'i ■ ••- * ' , t ■■'%'■■''■■'■ \ VJ-'r I 'I' ' ■•■-J . ■?» • :^:t i ■•■■■ ■} )(■ |i<r ,1 if ij It 1^:] ( 68 ) The fhips which pafs in the neiglibourhood of this iiland keep too far off to fee any fignals that wc might have made; befides, the fea- fon was fo far advanced that we could not exped any until next fpring. I really began to defpair; my ■fpirits failed; cold, fnow, froft and illnefs, feemed to unite to increafc our fufferings ; and we were finking under the prclTure of fo many evils. Our fliip became inacceffible by the ice which formed round her; the cold caufed a perpetual inclination to fleep, and our tents were infuf- ficient ( % ) ficicnt to protect us from the im- mcnfe quantity of fnow, which fell this year to the height of fix feet : many of our companions were already attacked by a fever : fuch unhappy circumftances obliged us to think of extricating ourfelves from them. We knew that at Mingan, a poll: fituated on the northern (hore of the river, or the land of the Elkimaux, there were always fome Frenchmen wintered to kill fea wolves for oil. From them we were fure of pro- curing fuccour; but the difficulty was, how we fliould reach that place in fuch a fcafon; all the fmall rivers "t- ' .'-■ ^ " t* * V ' K I V'y ■ -'■ ^ , : *■ i ki . 1 >. J ' ■ * *■ *• >; J m ^. . ■ ' .' ii**"' .t ■, * • ' u 1. ,*•"•■'■• : -v • Wi , f ■•■■>■' \' .#, ■ ^' m ': ^' HI •=> ' i' m ^^* .' •'.'•■ •'. .'<y. ' # '■,•■ !'. ,;. 1 ■ ■; « fivr ' >■ '-.^ i iH > A ' ,'- ■, ■ I f <» ■ ^■•.' i'-^ '""'i • '.' •■ V .' sv< . . -v '■■f;i * , '< .'it mi V • if ;:.-^ ; •.'ill s^\ ^■'/.^ ^r..l ■-■■ .♦, • r " ^ ^^^ill . --^ ■ *i . ' \ .'• ,■■ • m 1 ; % ,4 n ;v. I '' -^ ' ,:-'^ 1?^ ' "i^ .■«•■•'• • ■' *• .1. ' .>:"V;; ..I' • ■:.?,■ '■■ * - '*, ' ■■ • ''i , ■ V 'I'V,' :. :\ ' - ■" . '> mi kk I ■''" * i.'UXf m f:'M^ I- I f 'I .if. ( 70 ) rivers were already frozen ; the fnow already covered the earth to the height of three feet, and was daily increafing : the voyage was long, confidering the feafon of the year and our fit nation, for we had forty leagues to run to double the north- weft point of the ifland, after- wards to defcend the river St. Law- rence a little way, and then twelve leagues to run acrofs the northern branch of that )r. Wc refolved, however, at leaft to attempt to furmount thefe obftacles, for in our prefent fituation wc could not meet with any thing more dreadful : but a refledlion made us paufc ( 7« ) paufc for a time. It was not pof- fible that we could all embark at once for Mingan; half the company muft neccffarily remain here, and tliofe who went would think them- fclvcs happy far above the reft, not- withftanding the danger to which they expofed themfelves. We had, however, no other choice to make, and we muft either re- folve to ft ay here and perifh to- gether in lefs than fix weeks, or to feparate ourfelves for a time. I in- formed every one that the leaft de- lay would infallibly defeat our plan; that, while we were hefitating, the badnefs of the weather increafed, and ,V^ ■•: •■■Si •- . • 1 .•'■r ■ XV.; -'^!f .h ■••.**»^ ■ ■■'■ . "^r K' ' ■■> V '' 'I , -. • • N: it I t r ..'J ■>f. ( 72 ) ■and that we IkuI but a very fniall ftock of provifions. I added, that iiiidoiibtcdly every individual would he un\\illin</ to remain where we were; but at the lame time I repre- fented our feparation as ablolutely necefPary, and I hoped that the Lord would difpofe the hearts of fome of them to let their brethren depart in feareh of food : laftly, I en- treated them to dry and prepare the ornaments of the chapel ; and that, to draw on us the blelling of tlie Holy Ghoft, I would celebrate mafs on the 26th j and that I was con- fident our prayers would procure us the effect we w^iflied. Every one applauded my propofition, and I faid Y fniall il, that woulcl crc \vc [ rcprc- 'oliitclv le Lord F fomc depart I cn- arc the d that, of tlie c mafs con- iire us y one ind I fuid ( 7:J ) laid mais accordingly ; at which time tvvcnty-foiir men offered vo- luntarily to remain, on condition that tliofe who went would fvvear on the Evanirehlls to fend fuccour as foon as they arrived at Mingan. I informed my companions that 1 was ready to remain with tlieic twenty-four, and that 1 would en- deavour to encourage them to wait patiently the promifed relief. — • Every body ftrenuoufly oppoi'ed my defign ; and, in order to diffuade me, fiid, tliat as I was acquainted with the language of the country, I mufl: accompany thofc wdio went in tlie boats, that in cafe Meffrs. E de I*.'- } ■ '.^< ■>r, ft' r • : <•-.: i' ■>. ■'^]^, i\ • V ;. ■,i.' ''It' y. . 1 -A. ■^.- - ■;*• I'. K r" m fi- ( 71 ) ito V'lcnouir ;\iul Scniu\iIK-, wlu) nlfo (poke the l;uii>ii;«gc, ilioiiKI ilic or fall iick, I ininht kwc as an in- fripn tor to any Iiuiiaiis tluy niig fiiul. Tlu>(c who wcio to re ht m.nn particularly prcllal nu- in i;o, as tluj knew I was incapable of break- ing nn' worJ, ami d\d not tK>ubl hut that, on n^\ arrival at Mingan, my firll eare w ouKl be to (end theni ailillancc. Not but that thoi'c w ho were to go, were very well ilirpofeil to fend back the boat as loon as polVible, but they evidently thought that they might pkice more con- fidence in the faith of a priell than any other individual. When >. Iff ( 7/, ) Wlun (vny tiling; was nrran;^(.il, 1 cxl)()rl(Hl llioh* who were to be Kit at llu: pl.icc of (liipwrcck to li.ivc paliciRc. I loM tlicin that the liiicll means to ili.iw on thcni the tavoiirs ol Iic.ivcii, was to avoid i;ivint; thciiilclvcs up to tlcfpair, and to put their trull \ hcjlly in Provi- dence ; that they (liould employ tliemlelves in (ome conflant exer- vile to avoid (iekneis, and being too mueh difeoiiranred ; that tliey lliould life the provifions we left with them prudently, ahhough I hoped to be able to lend them relief before they wanted, but that it was better to have lome left, than to rifk a fa- mine. After I had given them this E 2 advice, ft' f ■^ 11 V m Pp' i> 'X 1 ■ ■ ' > • ; '^'- • 'i. '• ■ •,■■■ V it ''• V " i.r- 111 rBHvV' hH If; I '. r ■ if.' ( 76 ) advice, thofc who were to elcpart began to prepare what they wanted; and on the 27th we embraced our companions, who wilhed us a happy voyage. On our fide wc cxprelTed our dell re to be able foon to extricate them from their diffi- culties. We were far from think- ing this would be the lait time wc Ihould fee them. Our parting was extremely afleding ; and the tears which attended it lecmed a kind of foreboding of what was to happen. '.i •■■*< Thirteen embarked in the yawl, and twenty- feven in the long-boat : we departed in the afternoon, and rowed about three leagues, but could not 'v // ) not iind any landing-place, conic- tjuently were obliged to pais tlic night at Tea, where we experienced a cold which is not tn be de- icribcd* The next day wx did not make fo much way, but wc flept on fliorc ; and during part of the night a vaft quantity of fnow fell on our bodies. The 29th we ftill had contrary winds, and were obliged by the fnow, which continued to f^ill in abundance, to go on fliorc early. The 30th the bad weather obliged us to flop at nine o'clock in the morning ; wt landed and made a good fire, and dreiTed fome peas, E3 by : r- : f 'I -■■'»'* •3,' ■■' •■'1 ■ f- c. fi ■ ■ ) 1 ■ V • ( 78 ) by which many of our people were much incommoded. h': The I ft of December the wind prevented our embarking, and as our feamcn complained of wcak- ncfs, and fiiid they could no longer labour at the oar, we dreffed and ate a little meat, after having alfo drank the broth : this was the firft time fince our departure we had fared fo well; on the other days we had fubfiftcd on dry and raw fait fifli, or elfe fome parte made of meal and w^ater. The fecond day in the morning, the wind having Jhiftcd to the fouth-eart, we failed, and made good w^ay ; about noon vva I-i. \J ( 79 ) \vc joined the yawl, and liad our meal all together. Our joy was extreme to find that the good wea- ther continued, and that the wind was more favourable ; but this joy was of fhort duration, and gave place to a dreadful conftcrnation. After our meal we proceeded on our voyage ; the yawl went faftcr than the long-boat with the oars, but we failed better than fhe did. Towards the evening the wind rofc and had (hiftcd a little; we therefore thought we lliould endeavour to double a point we had in fight, and made a fignal to the yawl to follow UvS ; but fnc was too clofe to the land, and we loft fight of her. E 4 At 1-. ;• ./I V ;,i 4 M ■ ■ I 1 ;i I . ^ i \i ■ ■i- ■ I- . , » - I; '■r 8o ) "i >»■ ■>W Hi . i ^■- At the point we met with a (Ircadtul fea, and although the wind was not very high, we could not double it but with great diiliculty, and after having fhipped abundance of water ; this alarmed us for the yawl, which was clofe to the land, where the fea always breaks more than at a diflaixe ; in fhort, fhe was fo feverely handled, that flie pe- riflied — a circumftance, as you will hear, we did not know till the next fpring. As foon as we had pafTed the point we endeavoured to land, but the night was too far advanced, and we could not at full find a place ; the fea was for near two leagues full of fharp and high rocks, ( 8i ) rocks, but at laft feeing a fandy bay, we filled all our fails, and landed fafely without being very wet. We immediately lighted a great fire, in order to dircdl the yawl where we were ; but this pre- caution was ufelefs, as ilie was then wrecked. * • Having eaten a little of our pafte, every one wrapped himfelf up in his blanket, and palfed the night near the fire. About ten o'clock the wcatner grew bad, and the fnov/ continued falling till the next day, which the fire melted, and fo much incommoded us, that we chofc E 5 rathci' 'i-.r .■■'42; •MC, '■r». ', ';-M J: 1 ;!! Wl It' •,,! ';J -■-•i-j *. i; '■ ' ' 'I'm •? 1 .m"^^ {&'' 'I . IV. ■-..■^ i c .--^ Pal 'S". '•' ■< ■■* i ( 82 ) rather to cxpofe ourfelves to the cold than to deep in the water. Towards midnight the wind was fo violent that our lono^-boat was driven from her anchors, and ran on (hore, but was not bulged. The two men who were in her, being aflcep, awakened, and called loudly for affiftance. We all ran down; the captain and I employed our- felves in throwing what we could of her lading on Ihore, which the others took up and carried as far as they thought neceffary out of the flux of the fea ; but the fea became fo violent, that in its ebb it would infallibly ( 83 ) infallibly have carried away the whole, if our companions had not removed them three different times. This was not fufficient; we were obliged to haul up our veffel, and prevent her alfo from being carried away. The trouble we had to get her on fhore is inconceivable, which we did not effed: till near ten o'clock the next morning. We found fhe had fuffered greatly, and woi Id re- quire con fitk^able repairs. This we poftponed till the morrow, and pro- ceeded to make fires to dry our deaths ; afterwards we ate a fmall quantity, to reftort us after the fa- tigues we had experienced during the whole night. In the morning E 6 the^ Si; r ^ ,i •Mr ■^. V. ^ \ " t ■.':x t m ■ J ■ ■.•v''-'.J >' •:-^'.*rl ^. ■ '. ; fit? * Mr- np ti Vi? ylh ■(■ '. «f ■ ■ •1 ■, ^ V ,f • ' -V' te ■■!■ ^■'' '■ ( 84 ) the carpenters, and fiich as were in a condition to alTift, worked to re- place every thing in a proper ftatc ; and a party of our people wxre em- ployed in fearching after the yawl, but without fuccefs, and it w^as in vain for us to continue feveral days in fuch a place as this to look for her. On the day before \vc de- parted we killed two foxes, which enabled us to fave our provifions. In our fituation we were glad to avail ourfelves of any thing, and the dread of periflaing with hunger induced us not to omit any circum- flance that would tend to prolong life. On iv xre 111 to re- ftatc ; •e eni- yawl, vas in I days 3k for e de- -vhich fions. d to and inger urn- )Iong O.C ( 85 ) On the 7th of the month at day- break we failed with a light and favourable wind, which enabled us to make good way. About ten o'clock we ate our foxes, and a few hours after the fky o' ercafl:, and the wind increafing as the tide rofe, we found it neceffary to fearch for a harbour, but could not find any ; we were therefore obliged to keep out to fea, and carry a prefs of fail. As the night advanced, a llorm of rain mingled with hail came on fuddenly, attended with darknefs, and the wind raged fo violently that we could with difficulty fleer the boat, which had already received too many ftrokes to be in a con^ dition , -ii' » . ' ■ '•}■ "s I ''y.i[ }-i ! i^? t :-) 1 ■. ) ; • # V-. ( 85 ) dition for fiich weather, however, obliged to chance. We were, take our In the midft of this danger w^e were driven into a bay, where the wind ftill tormented us, and we could not pofTibly finding a landing- place. Our anchor would not bring us up ; the weather grew worfe every minute, and our boat being driven violently againft fome funken rocks, wc began to fear our lafl hour was come. 4'- SI'' We exerted all our endeavours, and threw a part of the boat's lading into the fea, to retard our deftruc- tion k);. (urs, ling :uc- Ition; ( 87 ) tlon for a fhort period. This was fcarcely accompli (lied before wc found ourfelves funounded with ice; a circumftance which increafcd our alarms, as the pieces of ice were furioufly agitated, and fome of them ftruck againft the boat, I am not able to tell you how or where we were driven, but I do afTure you the circumftances which agitated us during this night are not to be ex- prefled; darknefs augmented the horror of our fituation; every ftroke of the (ea feemcd to announce ap- proaching death. I exhorted every one not to defpair of Providence ; at the fame time to prepare them- felves to appear and render an ac- count 'j "A .<^. '■',v , t '••t'i-- • < ■. i •3^ 'r : t ( 88 ) count before God of a life which had been granted to us only to fcrvc him, who was the madcr, and en- titled to take it away when hepleafed. 1^^- fk \ At laft the day appeared, and wc endeavoured to get between the rocks and the fhore, where, when we fucceeded, wx found ourfelves a little more at our eafe. Every one of us conceived ourfelves efcaped from the jaws of death, and re- turned thanks to that All-powerful Hand that had preferved us from fuch imminent danger. With every effort we could make we could not come near the fliore, the ivhich fcrvc d en- eafcd, id wc the when Ives a f one caped d re- r^erfu] from make hore, the ( 89 ) tlic water was too iliallow for the boats ; we therefore were forced to cart: anchor, and in order to get on fliore were obh G:ed to wade throuo;h tlie w^ater, in fome places as high as our w^aifts, and every where as high as the knees. We carried on fhore our kettle, and fome meal to drefs. After having taken fome nourifliment we dried our cloaths, with intent to depart next day. The cold incrcafed fo much during the night that the bay w^as frozen over, and our boat fart: on all fides ; we vainly hoped that fome gurt: of wind w^ould break the ice away, for the cold increafed every day. »« v; - ' »■ ?' * %•/ •■; '* '»' * ; *' ^ t. v' ■> • .* •• .' •■■•.1 . . f.; -A V I • )- i I. .1 I'. v. ■-i ^f\>-\ ■■.VI- S) ■t4: M '•<.. ; v.- ^ -.K If; '.^ i i,^.'. ( 90 ) day. The ice continued to grow ftronger, and we had no other courfe to take but to land the few things which had not been thrown into the fea, and to get our pro- vifions round us. We proceeded to make cabins or huts, and covered them with branches of the pine tree. The captain and I were pretty- well acquainted with the method of building thefe huts, and therefore ours was the moft convenient. The feamen built one for themfelves near us, and we conftrudled a place to flow our provifions, into which no one could enter but in prefence of all the others. This was a ne- ccfTary precaution, and to prevent fuch ^%\ -y;j ( 91 ) fiich fufpicions as might have at- tached to thofe who had the care of them, and to prevent any one confuming in a few days what ought to fupport fo many perfons for a long period. The furniture of our apartments confifted of an iron pot, in which they formerly ufed to heat pitch, but now ferved us for a kettle ; we had only one hatchet, and were even in want of a ftone to fliarpen it : to preferve us againft this fcvere cold we had only our common cloaths and blankets half burned. Any one of thefe failing, our de- ftrudiion w^as inevitable. Without the { •• •* A: •■*' ' -ii «.-. ■-'' i4 •v. f"*' ■■>:ri>-c:. '•I V,: '■nun f! W'Vi- ■ •'"1 *' U'i^J; haw -tfi' ,■ It*''. • 1 !■' r Ml','. I . ( 92 ) the pot It was not poffible to drcfs any thing to fupport usj without the hatchet we could not procure any wood to make our fire ; and if deprived of our blankets, bad as they were, there was no poffibility of fupporting the exceflive cold of the nights. This ftate, you will fay, was very dreadful, and could not poffibly be worfe. Here you muft excufe me; for although it may appear incre- dible to you, yet our diftrefs was really conftantly augmenting, and I have many things to relate before I fliall have dcfcribed the mifery to which wc were reduced... Our ( .93 ) Our only rcfource was prolong- ing our lives till the end of the month of April, and to wait until the ice was difperfed, or melted, that we might be enabled to com- plcat our voyage in our boat. The chance of any fuccour reaching us in this place was fo little, that we could not even flatter ourfelvcs with any fuch hope. In this conjunc- ture it became neceffary to examine carefully the flate of our provifions, and to regulate the diftribution in fuch a manner that they might laft the neccfTary time. We therefore fettled our allowance in the follow- ing manner : — in the morning we boiled two pounds of meal in melted fnow, ■r :.N'i.!-xi.' ■ : --1 . '-.it* ••;.S:: V ■ '•■ M •/" ' v-^l ■ ■V ^- *'t f* > 1 ♦l '■' •■•'^ ;,i, •:•! ■", 1 1 ::<'' m 9' •■■■■) ' 'i -I £ ■ '< ,-f. '•■■t >• ;:>:.i »'■ ^y ( 94 ) fnow, to make either a pudding or porriJge : in the evening we dreffed about an equal quantity of meat in the fame manner. As we were fe- venteen, each perfon was confe- quently allowed about four ounces of nourifhment a day. We had no bread, or any other eatable except a few peas, which wx boiled once a week inftead of meat ; and although we had only about a fpoonful each, this was in truth our beft meal. Fixing the quantity of food we were to be allowed was not enough, it was alfo neceflary to regulate our employment. Myfelf, Leger, and Bafil, undertook to cut all the wood that ftiould be wanted, lei the wea- ther ng or refled ( 95 ) ther be good or bad : others under- took to carry it home, and others to make paths in the fnow in the way we muft go into the forcft. You will perhaps be furprifed that I (liould undertake to cut wood, as an employment not proper for me, and to which my ftrtngth was inadequate. In one refpedl you are right, but if you refled that violent exertions open the pores, and give a vent to many humours which would be dangerous if they remained in the blood, you will perhaps con- clude with me, that to this exercife I am indebted for my prefervation. I always took care to labour till I was ',■,. ;i i.; ,t .* f J* ■ 1' . l^ " IT KM .^*^ ■mm: ■.j^'m: ■ •• ' *• ' ■ V" S »*^ ' " . Mil' •!T A 'jr.- ■■ r .I •v. ■• ■ ■■ * ^■ h . .r f"',v tt.'U >i"j ■r'f^^il v--'.i.:- . # "^ * H" t" ' ) Hi^'fvlil ( 96 ) was fatigued, when I felt my felt heavy or inchned to a fever, and particularly when I found myfclf afFeded by any bad air. Wc there- fore went every day into the woods, and notvvithftanding the efforts of our friends to clear away the fnow, we often funk up to the waift in it. This was not the only inconveni- ence we experienced in this bu- finefs ; the trees within our reach were full of branches, and fo co- vered with fnow, that on the fir ft flroke of the hatchet, the man who gave the ftroke was knocked down by what fell on him. We all in our turns experienced this treat- ment, and fometimes \\t have been ferved m-' ;V'. ( 97 ) llrved fo two or three times fuc- ccffivcly ; we, however, continued our w^ork, and when by repeated ftrokes we had cleared the tree of fpars, we cut it down, chopped it in pieces, and every one returned to the hut loaded : then our compa- nions went in fcarch of the reft which we had cut, or for as much as we w^anted for the day. We found this bufincfs very fatiguing, but it w^as abfolutcly necelfary ; and although our exertions wxre extreme, we had every tiling to fear if we relaxed in our afliduity : the labour was alfo daily increaling, for as we cut down the trees, we were obliged to go farther in fcarch of others, and con- P fcqucntly ; ■":<' '■•■'■'A ■h t -'^ :•'!'•*'■' A1 - -fl ■ '^ " - '.k?' . .Z- 1 t "'1 J* . 'I r . i't T, " 'J ! ^:<i i„ .J-' M • Vli t -# ( ■ >1 .1 . iJ > ^"W ■J' ■I ..' sr ( 98 '^ v.. ■ , / * J fequently to clear a longer path : unhappily alfo our ftrength decayed as our labour increafed. Some branches of pine trees, thrown down without order, ferved us for beds ; the vermin tormented us, for we had no change of linen ; the fmoke and fnow caufed us inconceivable pains in our eyes, and, to complete our misfortunes, we were troubled with a coftivenefs, and at the fame time an almoft continued diabetes, I muft leave to phyficians the tafk of examining how thofe two incon- veniences could arife. Had we known the caufe, it would have been of no fervice to us ; and it is ufelefs to difcover the fource of an evil whca m i, Ui , 1 99 ) Vv'hea we have no remedy in our power. The 24th of December we dried the ornaments of our chapel, and as we had ftill a httlc wine, I caufcd it to be thawed, and on Chriftmas- day celebrated mafs. At the con- clufion I pronounced a fliort dif- courfe, to exhort my flock to pa- tience. I drew a parallel between the fuflferings of the Saviour of the World and their own, and con- cluded by recommending them to offer up their prayers to the Lord, affuring them that fuch offerings would give them a title to a recom- penfe. The evils we feel arc much F 2 better !*)!• ■ f •^'. .*;.?■ SL • 'Hi ;?'^ ■* -iM." , '" I • *■. ,. • * . I'l- .," >■ •'::?• vK* .i- •' ..V «• , -^.^ii'' ■ "•I ti-' •- ; ^■ ■ / I .:-.. .1 '■ *'!■ •is "H <ll- 'Si, !;■ ■^Uk it- ■■: ■'if ■■ . 1 !■ IN'-''-: ( 100 ) . better explained than tliofe we fee others fufFer. My difcourfe had the cfFed; I expedted ; every one re- fumed courage, and refigned them- felves patiently to fufFer what fhould pleafe God to inflicSi., either to call us to himfelf, or relieve us from danger. On the I ft of January a heavy rain fell all day ; and as we could not fecure ourfelves from it, we were obliged to fleep in the wet, and a fevere northerly wind blowing in the night, froze us up in our cabin, but broke the ice in the bay, and drove it to fea with our long-boat. A man of the name of Foucault informed lit; ■ 4i ( 101 ) informed us of this dreadful ncw.^. by a loud cry ; and \\hcn wc had fought every \\ here to find her with- out effect, you may judge of our confternation. This accident was the fevereft of our fuflPerings, and deprived us of every hope of feeing an end to them. I was fenfible of its confequenccs, and beheld every one giving way to dcfpair. Some propofed that we fhould eat up all our provifions at once, and then quietly lay ourfelves down and die : others refufed to work ; and, to juftify their rcfuflil, faid, that it w^as ncedlefs to prolong their troubles, iince, to all appearance, they could aot avoid death. What a fituation ! F 3 the ;K1 ■ ■ r^ v.- • 1 * . * ■:'v '■< % *■ ?s • • u •S " :S '• •;♦: : ' •'« ■ ^i^ / »t-.'-r ;■■• « "j ,t .• 'vOi' :rr r.- i ■■ m^ I 1 ■' ■ij^: hi- 1- • '! i ,.: '. ...» i- ■ ■ 1 "■ , .. I >b7 '^♦^■•r- «■, ( ^02 ) the hardeft hard heart muft liircly be afFc(Sl:t d with it ; the tears flow while I relate it, and you, my brother, are too much awake to the misfortunes of others to fuppofc that mine will not melt you* mm. I ■i^ I found it necefTary to exert all my abilities to combat the refolu- tions of my companions; the beft reafons I urged feemed to make them more impatient, and to feel with greater poignancy their me- lancholy fituation. That mildnefs, with which I hoped to be able to turn them from their intentions, not appearing to produce any eflfed:, I alTumed that authority my function gave ( 103 gave mc, and told them with an energy that fccmcd to furprifc thcni, ** that the Almighty affuredly was ** incenfed againfl us, and that he ** mealured the evils with which he ** afilid:ed us according to the crimes ** of which we had been formerly ** guilty; that thefe evil deeds had ** undoubtedly been enormous, fince *• the punifliment thereof had been ** fo fevere; but that our defpair ** was our greateft fin, and that ** if we did not foon repent thereof, ^' would not be pardoned. How ** do you know, my brethren,'* faid I, ** if you are not near the end ** of your repentance ? The time of '* the moil fevere fufferings is often F 4 ** that M.'«- t •A it' i ,.yi T » . ' ■■■ ••4*: •■,« r (■i r:' m -i i- 'if- I' fc- f- .Til *>* ■'; .*.'■■■■' i vw if i •rfei: ■ . - 9'i . ■ ' ^_ ■|at^' rjr.».i? If. If WW I ■ • ir " J* * ; - i^V' ; V- . ■) - >ur .^^-::;M :^! r 'let ' i*^ 1# f < / « C ( ( 4 i < (( a it « c < t < ( (< t ( i< <c l( ( { <i ( 104 ) that of the greateft mercies : do not therefore render yourfelves un- worthy thereof by your mur- murs. The firft duty of a Chrif- tian is implicitly to fubmit to the decree of his Creator, and your rebel hearts refift him: you lofe in one inftant the fruit of thofe ills which God fends only to render thofe he deftines to be his children more worthy of his fa- vours : you now meditate felf- murder, and, to avoid fome tem- porary fufferings, you do not fear rilking eternal torments. Pur- fue, therefore, your criminal in- tentions ; accomplifli your horrid defigns; I have done my duty,. '* and -».■ J ' (C (I *( n tl I t ( t l'( i ( « ( ( 105 ) and you muft determine whether you will be loft for ever ! I hope, however/' added I, ** there are among you fome fouls fo at- tached to the law of their God, as to refpedl my remonft ranees, and that they will join with me in offering him their labours, and will aik of him ftrength to fup- port him through them.'* • ■ ♦». '■■'[> if " ■; +; '71^'^ •14^' I .1 When I had finifhcd, I was re- tiring, but they all ftopped me, and entreated me to pardon the ftate of defpair into which they had fallen, and, fhcdding a torrent of tears, af- fured me that they w^ould no longer offend Heaven by their murmurs F 5 and i'M ■1' n t ; • I. FT' P- y- J-} ' p ■ ■ •. I' . ■ ( 106 ) and impatience, but would redouble their efforts to preferve a life which they held of God alone, and of which they were not mafters. In- ftantly every one refumed his or- dinary occupation ; I and my two companions repaired to the woods, and when we returned, the others went out to bring home what we had cut. When they were all af- fembled, I told them, that, as I had wine for three or four niaffes, I would celebrate one to requeft of the Holy Spirit that ftrength of which we flood in need ;. and as the 5th of January was a fine day, I performed the ceremony of the mafs thereon. I had fcarcely finifhed, whcii ( 107 ) when M. Vaillant and the fliip's fteward, named Foucault, a ftrong and able man, informed us of a re- folution they had taken to go in fearch of the long-boat. I praifed their zeal in expofing themfelves thus for the fafety of their com- panions. Praife is welcome in any ftate of life, and felf-love never quits us till we die. In lefs than two hours after thefe two men had left us, we faw them return w4th fuch an air of fatisfad:ion as fore- told they had good news to com- municate ; nor was our conjecture fiilfc, for M. Vaillant told us, that after he and Foucault had travelled for about an hour, they perceived,. F 6 on 1 , ^^ f . - ■*! I m ' I. ■ 1 .1 1 :-il if \ h I:. •■l< •■/ "J- «■ I' 1 , I" ■ ' . ■V' " J , it;: ■•*•'■' ( --•« ) on the liJc of the wood, a little hiif, and two hark canoes ; that, on en- tering the hut, they had found fomc fat of the fea wolf and a hatchet, which they brought away with them. Innpaticncc to iinparr this good news to their companions pre- vented them from further fearch. I was in the woods when they re- turned, and the Sieur Senneville ran to inform mc of the difcovery thefe gentlemen had made. I haflened my return to the hut, and entreated the two gentlemen to tell me what they had feen, and every word in- fufed hope and joy into my mind. I feized this opportunity to exalt the cares of Providence towards thofc til M: :M- ( 109 ) thoic who do not dcfpair ; and I exhorted every one to return thanks to God for the favour now beftowed on us. The nearer we are to danger, the more gratitude we feel to our deliverer. A f c v days ago we thought ourfelves abandoned with- out refource, and when we defpaired of receiving any help, we learned that there were fonie Indians in the illand, and that towards the end of March, when they returned to their huts in fearch of their canoes, they inight affift us/ This difcovery renewed the hopes of thofe who had made it, and they fet off the next day full of that con- fidence ..1 ' ■» {■ft '• mi : i .1 X it r- ■r .'•J m i '' ' L«>'r • .1 S' V ,^.' >..,,•*. .N •jV fijcncc which a broinnim^ of fucrcfs^ infpires. They h.ui hopes of find- ing our long-boat again, and were not difappointcd ; for having tra- velled a little further than they did t\\2 day before, they faw her at a diflance from the land, and in tlicir return found and brought away with them a trunk full of cloaths, which WT had throrvn into the water the night before the boat war» on the rockvS, ^ Ow the loth, although the wea- ther was extremely cold, we all went to Ckuicavour to get our long- boat into a place of fafcty ; but we found her full of ice, and the ice about W^ ' 4 ■ ( •■' ) about her miulc her appear like a hitle mountain — in fliort, vvc faw it was impoflihle to get her to the fliorc : a hundred men would fcarccly have fucceeded, and many would have been in danger of pcrifhing in the attempt. This event gave us much uneafinefs ; but it was probable that tlic Indians, to whom the canoes belonged, had fomc other embark- ation with which they had come into the ifland, and of which wc jiopcd to avail ourfclves. Wc were therefore returning to our home, but had fcarccly gone fifty paces, when the cold feized M. Foucault, fo as to prevent Lim from walking : we were obliged to carry him to our I I f 1/ t. w »',■■ ■l ■¥ ] ■■ r- 1^: h t.^i'nU i :il - it' f t. J "■'. :» «. • '4i ■' m ( 112 ) our cabin, where lie foon after ex- pired. On the 23d our carpenter expired from the f^itigue he had undergone ; he had time to confefs himfelf, and died a true Chriftian. Although many of us were troubled with fwelled legs, we did not lofc any more until the nth of February. The expectation of fupporting life till the end of March kept up our fpirits, and we already fancied we faw our deliverers approach. But it was not the will of God : his de- figns are impenetrable, and although events turn out contrary to our ex- pe<5tation, we cannot, w^ithout blaf- phemy,, i ( '13 ) phemy, accufe him of injiifticc. What wc call rvil, with him is often defigned as a bleffing^ and whether he rewards or punilhes, whether he tries us by adverfity or profperity, we equally owe him our thanks. Our captain, M. de Frenoufe, died on the i6th, after receiving extreme undtion. A man of the name of John Bofleman followed him in a few hours, confcifing himfelf, and expiring with great refignation. Towards the evening of the fame day, a young man named Girard paid the laft debt to nature. A diforder in his legs arofe from warming If an :'<.• »'■'= '\;:f ;.i*^' .« il* , J. .1 , * i if :r ,f- 3c I' •?• ■ r. i -I ■■; ( : ■:■; -. • ' ■■',,'•'■■ ( iM ) warming them too near the fire, and made him feci his approaching end. I affiftcd him in his laft mo- ments, and his repentance of his f\iults makes me hope he has ob- tained pardon ♦ \ * J ' ■jv ):\^-' ■ iij..'",: • lf''\'. ' Our gunner fell into a fwoon the lame night, from which he never recovered. Laflly, a man named Robert Boflfeman was attacked by the diforder which had carried off the others. He was a Calvinift, and I wiflied him to abjure his re- ligion, but I confefs it was a dif- ficult taflc to make him a Cathohc. Happily the goodnefs of the caufe I fought fupplied f.lie place of thofe talents ri J. ■ .11 J ■ >i ( XI5 ) talents nccelTary to fupport it. I muft confefs that the reformed are well inftrudted, and I was twenty times ftaggered by the reafonings of thic man. What a pity that the foundation of CoJvinifm fliould be laid on a falfe principle — I will ex- plain myfclf clearly, what a pity that the Calvinifts are not of the Roman communion; with what fuccefs would they defend a good caufe, who can fo vigoroufly fup- port a bad one* At laft this man comprehended me ; and being defirous of avoiding the danger of dying in any other belief • * ••f ■s-. V V. it ■- •( "f ■ A. it; »' ■f 1 1* ? . ' ■Kit r ■1 • • J I",.' ' .< f I ^ -.1. > ■? :- . ■ i <; • I ri • ■• ■ ' ( i'6 ) belief than ours, on the 24th of February he abjured his rehgion, repeated the profcllion of faith, and went to receive his reward in the other world. As thefe men died, we laid them in the fnow near our hut. Undoubtedly it was not pru- dent to depofit our dead fo near us, but we wanted both fpirits and ftrength to carry them farther off; befides, our iituation did not allow us to attend to every thing, and we had either no apprehenfions of the danger arifing from the corruption they might caufe in the air, or rather, we thought that the exceffive coldnefs of the air would prevent that V. <•. ( "7 ) that corruption from producing thofe cfFeds which were to be feared at another feafon. So many deaths in fo fliort a fpace of time alarmed us all. However unhappy mankind may be, they view with horror that moment which will relieve them from their cares, if it alfo deprives them of life. Some of our companions re- gretted the lofs of their wives and children, and wept in contem- plating the ftate of mifery into which their deaths would plunge their families ; others complained of Heaven in depriving them of life at the moment when they began to enjoy fi ti> i I'-'!'.- '': I r.i i>^ii I* •■' • ; ^ ^- •-!:■? tit .1 . .ii ■ ■ ■ ! !. . ■•''■ i 'I I;. ■ ' ■ • 'L • ■•!■■ kr ''■'-' ',i '' .. ■ ' ■ 1 iR.. , .r ■r "V .1 i hi WW; ' .. . if > » ■ ; ♦»■•.» • (,«.;■■ ^ ■ ,%' 4'--' iv ' i.Vi"'! '. •»' ■ ' ..if' ( iiS ) enjoy it ; others, fenfible to the charms of friendfhip, attached to their country, and deftined for agreeable and advantageous efta- bhlhments, poured forth fuch la- mentations as it was not poflible to hear without fhcdding tears: every word they uttered pierced my heart, and I had fcarcely ftrength enough to comfort them; I mingling my tears with theirs, as I could not refufe them that comfort, or con- demn them for complaining. The latter would have been dangerous, and it appeared to me better to let the firft emotion of their refled:ions pafs away. The objedls they re- gretted did not render them cul- pable, ( 1^9 ) pable, and why fliould I condemn their grief? To impofe filence on an occafion in which infenfibihty would be blameable, would have been to reflec5t on human nature. The fituation in which w^e now were could fcarcely be rendered more unhappy ; to be approaching death ourfelves ; to fee our friends dying, without abihty to affifl: them ; to be in doubt refpedting the fate of thirteen of our company who were in the yawl when Ihe was wrecked; and to be almoft certain that the twenty-four we left on the place of fhipwreck were in as un- happy a flate as ourfelves ; to be badly ■'■*J ."K' "'it- ■ *' V ■J I Si . . r-. ''t-. •if. - t .rq. •v» k ■ ■ji \ 'J" \ : Jf4 ■•'•' • K^ •■'■ * ' ' .' • ' \ •■• 4; rill t • » '^^ J' ( 120 ) badly fed, badly cloathed, fatigued, difcafcd in our legs, cat up by vermin, and continually blinded either by the fnow or fmoke—fuch was our wretched ftate. Every one of us was an image of death, and we trembled when looking at each other. What palTed in my own mind juftified the lamentations of my companions. The more violent our grief is, the fliorter is its du- ration, and expreffion is denied to heavy misfortunes rather than light ones. '?', , « I ^$^.- 11 As foon as I faw them abforbed in that filence which ufually follows the flood of tears occafioned by any misfortune, ( 121 ) misfortune, and which is the furc mark of exceffive grief, I endea- voured to comfort tliem, and ad- drcfled them nearly as follows : ** My dear chiKlren, I cannot condemn your lamentations, and God will doubtlefs hear them fa- vourably, for we have often in our misfortunes experienced his goodnefs. Our boat preferved on the night of our fliip wreck, the rcfolution of twenty of our companions who have devoted them (elves for our prcfervation, and the difcovery of the two Indian canoes, are circumflances which evince the protc6tion which G *' God ■ * t ."« ■ ■^•^ A, II, (« ,!i5- ■' L U' l^»5 'If • • ' i ( .■ * ■1! if... 1 1 ■:H' - . fi ' ■■i < i m is ■, f. W' : tH ^ ■ '• !■ ( 122 ) God has granted to us. He be- llows liis bleffings only by de- grees; and, before he wholly re- lieves us, cxpedts we fliould ren- der ourfelves worthy, by a due refignation to ^ the evils he has thought proper to inflicS. Do not defpair of his goodnefs, and he will never abandon thofc who fubmit to his Vvill. If God does not inflantly releafe us, he has, however, condud:ed our friends to a fpot where the canoes affure Lis Vve Ihall foon find a deliver- ance. By the help of thcfe ca- noes, and rlie approach of the month of March, when the In- dians return, we may reft afTured ** the M-^'r h'^-H ^0m ( 1^3 ) '* the time of our deliverance will ** not long be delayed.'* I then fell on my knees, and re- cited fuch prayers as became our fit nation and wants, in which every one joined, each appearing to forget his misfortunes for a moment. We remained after this pretty quiet until the ^th of March, beholding, with joy, the time of oiu* de- liverance draw near : but God v/as pleafed to afflidl: us flill further, and put our patience to further proofs. The 6th of March being Afli- Wedncfday, about two in the morn- ,';! !•::>■ '" I ,' -"I If St :?'! '?-■ ■ ■ G 2 ing ( 124 ) 4i- < .: . !••: WW '■ -y.v Ji ing a heavy fnow, driven by a violent northerly wind, brouglit our misfortunes to their height. The fnow fell in fiich imnienfc quan- tities as foon to fill our cabin, and oblige us to take fhelter in that be- longing to the feamen, into which the fnow came in alfo very fail ; but as it was larger, we had more fpace : our fire was put out, and we had no means to light it again ; and, to keep ourfelves warm, we had no other refource but to lay all together, and as clc^e as we could. We therefore removed mto the fea- mcn's cabin in the morning, carry- ing the remains of a fmall raw ham, part of which we ate as foon as we entered : i-»i • ( 125 ) entered : we afterwards removed the fnow into a corner of the cahi.n, and extended the large blanket on the ground, under which we all laid ourfelves, and the tatters of the fniall blankets defended us better from the fnow than from the cold. We remained in this ftate, without fire and vidtuals, or fwallowing any thing but fnow, until Saturday ■it "J ■'■/!l ■f mornmg. I then took a refolution, notwith- ftanding the cold, to venture out, and to endeavour to get a little wood, and meal to make fome parte. Our lives were at ftake if we did not feek fome fuccour againfl G 3 cold I rVlgr. ■•!:•>■ ■ $i'-: ( 126 ) cold and luingcr. In tlic three days and nii;hts \\c had palled in the fcamcn's cabin, tour or five of the crew had died witl; their legs and arms entirely frozen, and wc were happy in efcaping from the like dilailer, lor the cold was lo leverc on thofc days, that the Houtcll man would have been flruck dead had lie quitted the hut for ten minutes. You may judge from what I am now going to relate : on Saturday the weather was fomewhat milder; I determined to go out, and Leger, Bafilc, and Foucault followed me ; we were not more than a quarter of an hour employed in getting the meal, and yet Baiile and Foucault had ( ^27 ) liiid tlicir hands and feet frozen, and died, as you will fee, a few days after. ft was not poftible for us to reac h the woods, as the ihow had ren- dered them inaeeeilihle, and vvc muft have rilked our dcflrudlion if wc had endeavoured to remove that ob- ftacle ; we were therefore obliged to eat our parte cold — each of us had about three ounces, and were in danger of paying for this little relief with our lives ; for, during the w hole night, we were tormented with fuch exceffive thirft, and felt fuch burning heats, as made us G 4 think ■■»>:. :n *- >i' ■ rv '■. r % ii tC: :M )1-1 i^-; '•>:i V ' * -, H • j' V r t •■■:. ; i" ^^ ( 128 ) think we were cvcrv moment coinQ- to be confumcd. 1 ■ .•?( \'- hi il4-^i. ';„i f- '"' fi'\. Sund;iy, the loth, Meflis. Tuft, Lcger, and I, took the opportunity of fome fine weather to go in feareh of fomc wood. We were the only pcrfons who were able to walk; but it was a miracle that the cold we endured, and the fatigue wc underwent in removing the fnow, did not reduce us to the fame con- dition with the others : happily we were enabled to re lift both, and wc brought home fome wood, made a fire, and with fnow and a little meal We made a clear porridge, which quenched our thirft a little. AH n ' ■ \.^ ( 129 ) Alt the wood wc were able to bring was confumcd by eight o'clock in the evening, and the night was fo cold, that in the morning M. Vaillant, the fiither, was found dead. This accident made Ibme of us pro- pofc to return to our own cabin, which was fmaller, and confequently warmer than that of the feamen*s. No more fnow fell., nor was there any appearance that there would be. Notwithftanding our Wvraknefs, we undertook to clear our old abode from the fnow and ice which filled it, and we brought feme frefli branches of the fir tree to make bur bed; we carried in alfo fome wood, and made large fires both within G n and il.. 1. I •; .t r ..'> * ^1 L^'^f'. t'fc': '■",'. 1:.' H Il k,*.r •% |..;' ( 130 ) an<.] without to warm it on all fides. After thcfc operations, which greatly fatigued us, we went in fearch of our companions. M. de Senneville and the younger Vaillant had their legs and arms frozen, and we were obliged to carry them. MelTrs. Le VafTcur, Bafile, and Foucault, who were lefs afliided than the others, removed without mi-ch help ; we laid them on the branches we had prepared, from whence none of them were ever removed till after their deaths. On the 17th, Bafile loft his fenfes, and died a few days after. Fou- cault, who was of a ftrong con- ftitution IkmA ( 13' ) ftitiition and young, fuftered vio- lently ; tlic agonies he experienced in llruggling with death made us all tremble, and I never beheld fuch a dreadful fpecSacle. I endeavoured to acquit my felt of my duty on thcfe occafions, and I hope, with the divine bleffing, that my cares of the dying were not ufelefs to their falvation. Our provifions began to be ex- haufled: we had no more meal, and there remained only about ten pounds of peas ; we had only about fcYcn pounds of candles, the fame quantity of bacon, and a fniall ham which did not weigh more than G 6 th rec r* ^ 1 ' ! . ; > ;■■ ' « I J. ■ * 1 » • ( ■ *"» ,' 't ' . ■; •' f '■ 1 1 ■ r,:^ I > il. i.;f .. I" • Ml . it Ik • ,V''' . l!-f ■''■•■'■ . 111 ^ < '. t ( ^S2 ) three pounds. It became therefore ncceflary to look for fome othjer means of fubfiftcnce. Leger and I, for M. Furft, our fecond captain, was not in a fiate to go out, went in fearch of Ihell fifh at low water; the weather was tolerable, and we waded through the water for two hours as high as our knees. At laft, on a fand bank, we found a fpecies of oyfter with a plain fliell, and carried as many home as wc could ; they were good — and every time the weather and tide permitted, we went in fearch of fuch kind of food ; but we had like to have paid dear for it, for our legs and hands fwcllcd, and were nearly frozen. I was y^^^ ( 133 ) I was fully fenfiblc of the danger in attending this kind of filhing too often — but wliat could we do ? — we muft live, or gather drive away death for a time. Our fick grew worfe every day j the gangrene, or mortification, took place in their legs, and as no one could drefs them, I undertook that office. It was my duty to give an example of tliat charity which is the foundation of our holy religion ; I however hefitated fome moments between the merit of fulfilling my obligations, and the danger attend- ing them. God alTifted me with refolution to triumph over my re- pugnance. p, ' Mm 't I I: : 'vi .1 ; '' 't ■ I)*' 1 It 1>* .. *• 1 • •n i ! V ■ r u4a If^i! ( 134 ) pugnance, and I did my duty ; and although the time in which I was employed in drelllng their wounds was to me the moft diilrellinij: of the whole day, I never flackr.ied in that duty towards them. When I explain the nature of their wounds, you will judge whether the re- ludtance I felt at firil to drefs them was without reafon, or rather if it was not cxcufable. I was, how- ever, well rewarded for my trouble; the gratitude of the poor fick men was inconceivable. ** What," faid one, ** Ihall you expofe yourfelf to ** death to preferve our lives? — ** leave us to our misfortunes ; your ** cares may relieve, but they can < t never 'our can [ever ( 135 ) ** never cure us." — ** Retire,'* faid another, ** and do not deprive thofc ** who are not to die of the con- *' Iblation of having you with them : ** only afllft in putting us into a ** ftate to appear before God, and ** render an account of our days; ** fly therefore the infefted air ** which is around us.'* You may naturally fuppofe that thefe kind entreaties attached me the more to them ; they augment the pleafure we feel in doing our duty, and increafe our ftrength and re- folution to perform it. I foon 1 (lit, %l l' Y' "' •, M :;;i iii! *; ^^'- i'.«' r': i 4'j 1; ■ ;, [r ,lTi. t , >•■?•;'■'■.',■ rm; • ' * ' s. ( 136 ) I foon faw that our lick men mufl inevitably die, and they were afTurcd of it themfelves ; and although they were reconciled, I did not think iTjyfelf difpcnfed from affifting them in their laft moments. I prayed with them morning and evening, and endeavoured to confirm them in their fubmiffion to the will of hea- ven. ** Offer up your fufferings,'' laid I, ** to Jcfus Chrift, and they *' will render you worthy of the *• fruit of the blood he has flied *' for the human race: he was a '' perfed: model of that patience ** which I admire in you; your ** exile is nearly finiflied : what ** thanks ( ^37 ) '* thanks do you not owe him to hiive furniihcd you, by this Ihip- wrcck, with the furcll means of reaching the port of your falva- tion. True, my friends, you leave behind you wives and cliil- drcn who look up to you for fupport; but truft in God, he is a good father, who never abandons '* his children; and reft affured that, in calling you to him, he will not forget that you leave ( ( ( t i t < ( I ( ( t (C (( <l « t ** behind 1 you lamiiics wno require V i i 1 lis cares >> The poor dying men could only anfwer by afTuring me that they put their whole trufl: in God, and lliouuiu .... '..-i 1 '• . v. . \ •1 1l. • ■ .' I:^H -? .11 '■;•'■ ■■I ;■ •4 ,f " .!> IK.-"' ", ; ^^- H* 't -i • m ^v<V ** ♦.■ ■■,• .' ■ \, ( 138 ) thought of thofe the V had left behind, only to recommend them to his care and protection. AVhen I had fmilhed ipeaking to tliem of fpi- ritual things, I attended to the dref- fing of their wounds. To clean them I had not any thing hut urine, and I covered tlicm with fume pieces of linen which I dried for that purpofe ; and when I removed thefe they brought away part of the fiefh with them, which, from its cor- rupted ftate, diffufed an infc(5tious air even without fide the cabin. _ In ten or twelve days there re- mained nothing of their legs but the bones ; their feet fell off, and tlicir ^?yv"- 4^ ( 1-39 ) their hands were wholly void of flelh. The infedion was io great, that, when I ^vas drcfluig the wounds, I was obhged to go into the open air ahiioll every minute to avoid being lliftbcated. God is my witnefs I do not exaggerate, and that their fituution was more dread- ful than I am able to defcribc. Exprcffion would fail me were I to endeavoui* to defcribc the wretched fituation in which I then was. I'.- ; . ■^ i '1 k^< *■ < '■•-'), ^i^'i % i;>^, . \' A 'it I t li'.:',' ■'■'\ K^: '*^ '^l: .^H V!,' - ,'■, :!<: '■ V Hf ■■' • '.!» ^y ■ '"V **aJ( p... '■•'■"; 1;!! i, % !•!•', 1 . ' i i'*" it: ■i. • \ t .;ir-; On the lit of April Leger went towards the place wlicrc the Indian canoes were, and I went into the woods about eight oVlock ia the morning. I was fitting to rcll my- fir ■•;-ii .■!,|j*V I ■it •'•I 'h f - ■t' (:I m[ h ■-V ^tt'^ ( MO ) if If on a tree which I had cut down, when I thought I heard a gun fire ; but as we had often thought we heard the fame noife, and ive c never able to difcover from w. ciic^ it came, nor what it really was, I did not pay any great attention. About ten I returned to the cabin to afk M. Furft to aflill me in bringing home the wood I had cut. i told him what I had heard, and looked at the fame time to fee if M. Lcger was returning. We had gone hardly two hundred paces when I perceived feveral per- fons : I ran to meet them, and M. Furft ran back to carry this happy news to our fick. When I was [is;*,'".* near ( ^41 ) near enough to diflinguifli objccSts, I favv an Indian and his wife, whom M. Lcger was condud:ing. I {poke to the man, and he alked fcveral quelVions, which I anfwcred. At the fight of our hut he was miich furprifed, and greatly affed:ed at the ftatc to which we were reduced. He promifed us to return the next day, and that he would hunt in the mean time, and bring us the game he fhould kill. i^ it 'I n ) ' ii^ ■■•. ' 4 '■ '■ !«■ .... > • I I We pafled the night in cxpedla- tioa that he would perform his promife, and in returning thanks to God for the fuccour he had fent us. The day appeared, but our hopes were v: ■ "J I. m v5- m> '■At ,'ti*'/ . M; ^.V.. : i ), ( 142 ) M'cre diuppointcd; the morning pafl uwav, and the Indian did not an- pear. Some flattered themf'elves lie \\ ould come in the afternoon ; for my part I fufpecfted the real caufe of his abfence, and propofed that we fliould go to his hut, and alk the rcafon why he did not keep his word, and, if he hcfitated in his anfwer, compel him to difcover the place where the velTel was in which he had croffed into the ifland. We proceeded; but judge of our furprife when we came to the fpot ! we found neither Indian nor canoe ; he went off in the night, and we could not pollibly difcover him. To ( 143 ) To let you into the reafon of luck conduct, I mufi: inform you, that Indians fear death and fickncfs more than any other people, and the flight of this favaee arofe from that fear which is pecuhar to his nation ; the appearance of our fick men, the dreadful ftate of their diforders, and the infection of their wounds, had fo much alarmed him, that, to avoid any bad confequences, he had broken his word, and changed his place of refidence, for fear we fiiould force him to return to our cabin and affift us. Although this difappointment greatly afHi(!:l:ed us, we fliould have felt ; .1 1 1.'- I. ¥ • 4 ** 1 r: J- 4iv ■' U/ ;> !^ ! ( 144 ) felt it much more if there had nui been a fecond canoe ; but it was nccclTixry to take fome meafures to v^revcnt the perfons to whom flie belonged from going aw^ay with her alfo. We were fearful that the In- dian who had played us this trick might inform his companions of the danger there might be in ap- proaching our cabin, and might perfuadc him to remove his canoe alfo in the night, and quit our neighbourhood, Thefe reflexions induced us to take away the canoe, and thereby oblige the favage to come to our hut and affifl: us, however repugnant it ••'i. { >lj ) k might be to his fechngs. Witli- oiit this precaution we miifl have pcrilhcd : neither of tlie opportu- nities we had to cfcapc would have availed us, and our deaths would have been certain. The canoe wc made faft to a tree, fo that it was not poflible to carry her away with- out giving us an alarm. Some days part in expedtatlon of feeing the Indian to wliom the canoe belonged, but no one ap- peared, and during that period of time our three fick men died. On the yth, in the evening, M. Le Vaffeur was feized with a faint- ■ I, ; <" 4r ." 4 ~ I .1:? 'i -v • ■ ■ ^1' ':»' It' .::*'';'i ^1" H ing, ■' • m u \1: I '-■■:u-,' i\? T J- ' ( 146 ) ing, from which he never reco- vered ; and the two others, feeing that even the aflTiftance we expccftcd from the Indian would be ufelefs to them, as they were not in a con- dition to walk, began to prepare themfelves for death. The younger Vaillant died on the 1 0th, after having fuffered for a month beyond what it is pofTible to imagine, and his patience was equal to his fufTcrings ; he was only fix- tcen years of age, and fon of M. Vaillant who died the 8th of March. He never complained of the harJfliip of being fnatchcd out of the world at fo early an age, but expired i I St • mil ■ '-V' ( '47 ) expired with that rcfignation and courage which characterizes a per- fedl Chriftian. M. Senncville imitated the vir- tues of M. Vaillant, or ratlicr they ferved as models to each other — the fiime afflidions, the lame patience, the fame rcfignation. I wiih I could repeat corredlly what thofe two young men faid to me a few days before their deaths ; they made me blulh to want tliat courage to comfort them which they had to fufFer. With what refpedl and con- fidence did they fpeak of religion and the mercies of God ? In what terms did they exprefs their gra- ft 2 titude ? "^■:-1 ':\''- \ h •i!? it - •H.I Ml ( ^8 ) titudc? They certainly pollcfici^ the heft minds and heft hearts of any young men I ever knew.. iv !?■ I f»'. ■ l^' '.. «•; in-' The latter often rcqucftcd mc to amputate his legs, to prevent tlie fun- 2:anprenc fpread inp-, ov may \u\ pofe his rcqueft was ufclefs, and I conftantly rcfufed. I rcprefcnted to him that I had no inftrumcnts proper for the operation ; and that if I was to attempt it, far fro m cafinfr, it wou Id only auiiment his !- pain, without faving his life. He then fettled his affairs, wrote to his parents in the moft alfeCling man- ner, and on the 13th refigned his foul at the age of twenty. He was a Ca- i''^. f'>- ."■ '' m ( '19 ) n Canadian, ion of M. Scnncvlllc of Montreal. The death oi thcfc three vidims to cold and hunger greatly aftedlcd me, although their lives may be fiiid to have been burdens to them. I had the affedion of a father to tliem, and they made a fuitablc re- turn ; yet when I reflecfled that had the Indian returned while they lived, I muft have left them alone and dertitutc in the hut, or have loft the opportunity of getting away, I thought I ought to thank tlic Lord for having fpared me fo cruel an alternative, by taking the dying men to himfelf. Befidcs, wc H 3 had v. ( ..'•:;; > ,. ■ ■( '.K I' I- ; r ■ ( ^5^ ) Iv:-: i»» !.».■. iS3 1 ^ff had now none of our provilions IciV, except ii fmall ham which wc were afraid to touch, and we contented ourfelvcs with fuch IhcU fiili as Lcger and I could from time to time pick up on the (ea fide. Our weakncfs was daily increafing, and Avc were fcarcely able to fupporl ourfelvcs, when I took the refolu- tion to go in fearch of the Indians whofe arrival we expedted, and for that purpofe to make ufe of their canoe. To repair '.l we got fomc c;um om the treco, and wi th our hatchet made two paddles as well as WT could. I knew \'cry well how to paddle, which was a great advantairc for the execution of our dcfign, '^ ( '51 ) dcflgn, aiul even niiglu induce us to venture, in cafe we eould not find any Indians, to crofs the river in the canoe. Th.'s was our laft re- fource ; for, when life is at ftake, wc willingly run every ri(k. We were furc t^iat we could exift but a few days longer in this iiland — in venturing to crofs wc only rilked life, and we might fuccced. ♦•II , -ii i!'^ On the 26th of April all was ready, we dreflfed our piece of ham, and liril ate the broth, with inten- tion to refervc the meat for our voyage, but in the evening we were fo prcfled with hunger, that we were obliged to cat the whole. II 4 Next ♦" It: ■»■, <l. '. yi ' •Ti-^f ( ^5^ J Next c'aj wc did not find an; incrcafc of our flrcngth, and wc were without refourcc, and no prof- pcdl o/ finding any in time to pre- serve us from pcrilhing; we pre- P'lrcd ourfdves therefore for death, reciting ilic litany of the Saints; and tlirowing ourfelves on our knees, I pronounced this prayer ; *' Great God! if *tis your will ** that we meet the fame fate with *' the forty pafons who have pe* ** riflicd under our eyes, haften to ** accomplifh it; do not permit us ** to defpair, but call us from the •* world i:i this our prefcnt ftate of •' rcfignati- n. But, O Lord! if ** our c t (t ( i t< i« i ( ( ( t i t ( ( '^53 ) our death is now decreed, fend us help, and give us ftrength to fupport, without complaining, thole afHidions which tliy juftice l^as prepared, that we may not lofe in an inftant the fruit of that lubmiflion which we have hitherto manifeftcd for the decrees of thy providence." I had fcarcely ended my prayer, when we heard the firinj^ of a muf- ket, which we foon anfwered, and conchidcd it was the Indian to whom the canoe belonged : he wanted to know if any of us were alive, and being allured we were by anfwering his fignal, he lighted }i 5 his ,- < t M 'A •■-■» ■ ,. ' 'I ( ^5'i ) his fire. He did not fuppofc wc were in a ftate to go to him, and apparently did not wifli we fliould ; for, as foon as he perccivxd us, he hid a part of a bear he had killed in the woods, and ran away. As we were in boots we found much difficulty in getting to his fire, for we were obliged to crofs a pretty large river, and which had been thawed a few days. We fol- lowed his track, but with incredible fatigue, which would have been ufe- iefs if the Indian had not been obliged to flop for his child, a boy of about fevcn years of age, to fol- low him* This circumflance pre- fcrved i: % 4 ■< ( K)5 ) ferved us. Wc overtook him to- wards the evening, and he diredly aflced us if our fick men were aead. This qucrtion, which he afked with apparent fear that they were yet ahve, convinced us that the other Indian had informed him of our iituation, and of the rifk he would run hy coming near our abode. I did not think proper to anfwer his queflion immediately, but, without any circumlocution, prefTed him to return back, and give us fomething to eat. He dared not refift ; wc were two to one, well armed, and fully refolved not to quit him for a moment. He then confcfTed he had a bear almofi: whole, which he was H 6 rcadv If i. ' II I I.', t 1 I I i r.r: i::;v •'1 «'.■. H*;:'.l 1^^ F^. .•■,•'•«' • ■ W- ( i5^-> ) ready to fliare with us. When \vc returned to the place where he had hidden the bear, we each of us cat a bit half drelTed, and then we made him and his wife eat, and conducted them to the fpot where we had left M. Furft. This poor man waited for us with great impatience, and we found him almoll exhaufted. Judge how great his joy muft be, when wc informed him that we had got both provifions and help. He eat at firfc a piece of the bear^ and we put the pot on the fire, and kept it there the whole night, taking occaiionally fomc of the broth. We dared not go to lleep, for fear the favagc, who would not enter the hut, ^■'' ( ^57 ) hut, flioulJ run away. As foon a3 the day appeared, I gave him to uiideriland that he muil contlud: us to the place where the boat lay which had brouizlit him into this (land an d to 1 engage him to .;o lo fc I told him we IhouiJ treat liim ve ry ill, if he did not con (en t Ipeedily. Fear of death fit liim fpeedily to work to inake a fleigh, or fledge, on which he fixed his canoe, and made figns tor Leger and me to draw it. Undoubtedly he wi(hed we Ihould fatigue our- felves, and give up the fuccour which would coft us fo dear. We might eafily have compelled him to Irag the com; canoe himfelf but I did not • ■;» (I ... i ' HI :"l -■I-, li-i «■•- U IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) k A {/ ^^'% A Ua % % 1.0 I.I L25 III 1.4 2.5 M 1.6 V] <^ /i ^;; % >;^'^' ■eT" "^* ^' *>j^ '/ /(^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 W»T MAIN STREET WEBS. R.N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^ V ?v n:;^ c\ \ o o\ 'V <* ^. Ua ( i5« ) not think that would he proper; as it was ncccffary fo hu-mjur him, and only take Aich precautions with him as not to be made his dupes. i<' ' |S..,\.V I defircd the Indian and his wife to walk betore us, under pretence of cltaring the way; but I did not confine my precautions to them only; I told them I thoupht the child would be too much fatigued in walking, and would put him into the canoe, as it would be a pleafurc to us to relieve him. i-: Ff, ,.,,. sv «■■'.■ The heart of a parent is every where the fame; there is no one who does not conceive himfelf under an ( '59 ) an obligation for the fcrvice done to his child, and accepts it with pica- furc. Ihiis the boy became a hoflagc to us for the fidelity of his father. Wc walked in this way, for above a league, either in fnow, in water, or upon ice; our fatigue was extreme, but hopes of the relief we fhould find fupported and gave us courage. We could noC, however, pofiibly continue to drag this canoe, and were nearly exhauficd, w^hen ihe Indian, touched with our fitua- tion, took it on his flioulder, carried it to the fea, and put his wife and child on board. As the canoe could hold only four perfons, and confe- •qucntly there was but one of us three ^1 ; .f ^h ■. i 1 , ( 160 ) three who could embark, the qucf- tion now was, which (houki be the man ? I offered to flay, and to let Meffrs. Fiirft and Legcr ao-ree be- tween themfelves which fhould eo. Each of them wiflied to have the preference, and were fearful of lofing this opportunity of avoiding • an unhappy end. While they were difputing, tlie Indian made figns for me to come forward, and told me he gueffed the caufe of difpute between my two companions, and that he would take none but me. Without giving time for reply, he pulled me into the canoe, and pi I (lied off. Meffrs :'h'»: { i6i ) Meflrs. Fiirft and Lcgcr their deemed their deftriiclion certain^ and loudly expreflcd their dcfpair. I could not refill:, and begged the Indian to draw near the Ihorc, that I might fpeak a few words of con- folation to my companions. When I was near enough, I juftified my condudl towards them by repeating what the Indian had faid, and ad- vifed them to keep along the fea fhore; and promifed, on the word of a divine, that, as foon as I reached the Indian's hut, I would- come back to them with the canoe. They knew me incapable of per- juring myfclf j the afllirances I gave them calmed their minds, and they faw '5!- . ■ ■? " ■m \- : W ys •■u J 'ft. . 4\. '-i ' t ( i62 ) faw us put to fea without in- quietude. It' Wc landed the lame day, and the Indian took his canoe on his flioulders, carried it near the wood, and laid it on the fnow. As I was fatigued with being fo long on my knees in the canoe, I laid myfelf down to reft on a ftone by the fca fide; and thinking, after fome time, that the Indian was lighting his fire with intent t fleep took up my g un, two nac pL Idles am two large pieces of meat, which I had put into the boat to fave MefTrs. Lcger and Furft the trouble of car- rying them, and climbed up upon fome ( i63 ) fome ice which was fix feet high at Icaft. I was no fooncr there, than I faw my Indian and his wife had put on their rackets, which are a kind of fnow fhoes which the Ca- nadian Indians ufe to walk quick on the fnow. The man took his boy on his fhoulders, and both ran as hard as they could ; the cries I made to ftop them only made them fly the fafter : as foon as I could throw away my paddles, I got down the ice, and with my gun and my meat purfued their track for fomc time. t •hi 'l jr' ■•9)1! f ..'■ii ' .t,..» In getting up on the ice I wounded my right leg confiderably, which .:-!• ■If; » It'*' '■■:■■•« ft.-, it,-^' »*:■ N:' •:•■/■ ': V \ ( 164 ) which received additional injuiy in my running — -every ftep my leg funk into the fnow, and tliat was every moment: I loft my breathy and was many times obliged to reft on my gun to recover it. While in this pofture, I heard the voice of M. Leger. This meeting gave us both great pleafure. I told him what had paflrd, and he in hi's turn informed me it M. Furft, over- whelmed with fatigue, was unable to keep up with him, and that he had left him extended on the fnow a confiderable diftance from where we then w^ere. At , .'1 '."■ a>:'",t". I » • injury ly leg t was rcath^ ^o reft While ice of ve us him ! turn over- nable at he fnow vbere At ( 165 ) At any other time I lliould have flown to his alhihmce, but as it was of the utmoft importance to us to overtake our fugitive, and M. Legcr was fenlible how much we riilced by lofing time in purfuing hini, we immediately ran towards tlie place where I knew he had fled; but as lie had quitted the fnow to take th,- fea lide, which was low and fandy, we were detained fome time; we' however, continued our courfe, and,' after walking a quarter of an hour, we difcovered the Indian's track: he had quitted his rackets, un- doubtedly on a fuppofition that I could not follow him fo far. This circum- 41 '■f ^^lli m ::';i^ ^'.; K»- : '" r I Sit. v.. , . 4. V - ■ 91 «* .;■■»", t ( i66 ) circumftance made us believe we were not far from his dwelling : we redoubled our fpeed, and when we approached a wood we heard a gun fire; this we did not think proper to anfwer, concluding that if it was he who had fired, he would put on his rackets to enable him to run with greater hafte when he knew we were fo near. We continued walking, and a little time after the firfl gun fired wc heard a fecond : this made us fufpedl that the Indian defigned to light his fire in this place, and refl himfelf and family, but that he wifhed ( 1^7 ) wifhcd firft to know if any one was in piirluit of hun. Oar conjecture herein was wrong. Ten minutes after the fecond re- port we heard a third, and were fo near that we faw the flafli ; but we did not anfwer, and continued to advance in lilence. On our road we found a boat, on which they had been at work, and about twenty paces further we faw a large hut. We enttred with an air which agreed with our fituation, that of fupphants, but an okl man who fpoke French would not permit us to proceed. " Every man,'* fciys he, ** is our equal. Your misfor- ** tunes ' •••'•-'1 •t • i I ': ' '' ■ill ■ 1 . ( II: '•*•' hi ■'J-^f' H I* r • ■■■V,: ( 168 ) tunes render you worthy, and I look upon it as a favour granted by heaven to be furniflied with an opportunity to do good to men whom misfortune has pur- fued. I only alk of you a re- lation of what has paffed fince you have been in this ifland ; I fliall be happy to condole with you on your paft misfortunes, and my fenfibility will add to your confolation." At the fame time he ordered that our meat fhould be dreffed with fomc peas, and that nothing fliould be omitted to prove that humanity is as much a virtue among Ame- rican ( i « ( ( ( i i and I ranted with od to pur- a re- fincc nd; I with tunes, dd to ( !«<) ) rrcan Indians as more civilifed na- tions. As foon as he had given his i-nilrrudions, he requcfted us to iatisfy his curiofity. I did fo, and endeavoured to omit no one cir- cumftance which had attended our misfortune. After I had ended my tale, I requefted t^.e old man to tell me why the two Indians, wliom we had feen in the height of our mii- fortun^s, had rcfufed us any help. |! t I. '4' • I*'';"* t1,-» .«.; ^•1 i that with hould lanity !\me- rican ** The Indians,'* fays he, ** trem- ** ble at the name of ficknefs, and **all my reafoning has not been '* able to difpel that fear from thofe ** you now fee in this cabin. Not ** that they are infenfible to the « i mis- •I .H ^r ji! Iff' ' ■' : ■• It pi ( 170 ) ** misfortunes of their brethren— ** they would wifli to comfort them, *' but the fear of breathing a cor- ** rupicd air, checks that emotion •* in their hearts which naturally ** leads them to compaffion* They ** fear death, not like other men; *• and I know not if they would ** xiot be guilty of the greatefl ** crimes to avoid it. There/' faid he, fliewing me an Indian whicli flood behind the others, ** is the '* man who broke his word with ** you. He returned to us about *' the beginning of the moon, and '* related to us the dreadful fitua- '* tion in which he had feen the ** Frenchmen, whom he thought < i ^^•ere mm mh-0. ;:;'.;.i ( ^7^ ) ** vvere by this time all dead; but ** he would willingly have given ** them affiftance, had not he feared ** the corruption which raged among ** them. There is the other," faid he, fhewing me the man I had rufi after ; * * he arrived here before you, ** and informed us there were three *' Frenchmen ftill living, who were ** no longer in the jaws of death, '* but who appeared well, and he ** believed we might venture to *' fuccour them without fear of in- ** fcdious air. We had deliberated ** a few minutes ; afterwards we ** fcnt an Indian towards the olace were, that he you < i that he might inform you, by firing three guns. ,... ii' '!l''1 ."!•! t \ i(. J- .■ -If ■ i' 1 I 2 ( ( oi '' 1 1 !•")'' v' m-: Iff.. < ( 1 1 ( t « i i ( << i( ( ( < t < t ( ( ( I < ( ( 172 ) of the place of our abode. There- fore it was the ficknefs amonfr you which alone prevented us from afTifting you; and perhaps we might have come to you not- withftanding, had we not been told, that any help we could fend you would be of no fcrvice, and that we fliould run a great rilk in approaching your dwelling, which was filled and furrounded with an atmofphere infedious and dangerous to breathe.*' i'i'l- • -J • This difcourfe, from a man who was one of a nation that a falfe prejudice had taught us to believe were incapable of thinking, and whom I?''?' 4 rhere- imong :cd u6 erhaps u not- : been d fend ^, and It rilk filing, unded dious 1 who falle elievc and vhom ( 173 ) tV'hom we had unjuftly conchideJ to be deftitute of fcntimcnt and ex- prcffion, furprifed me greatly. In- deed I muft confefs that, to impart fuch an idea of this Indian as I would wifli to give, it would be neceflfary to hear him. When the old man had ended his difcourfe, I endeavoured to exprefs to him the gratitude we felt, and defircd him to accept of my mufls^et, w hich, m po mt OJ goo dnefs and ornaments, w^as far preferable to any in the hut. I afterwards told him, that fatigue had prevented one of our comrades from following: us, and that we fhould efteem it the I 3 highefl itt. .:■ •:m 11 '1 ,. ■iiii ■ill' J m ^ ( 174 ) h\ %•{"■■■ i' 'if.-/ 1* '•■■,.«■ highcft favour if he would iclui out two of his men to aflift us in bringing him in. My entreaties were inefFcdual ; the Indians are airaid of going out in the night, iuid we could not procure any to go to M, Fuift's affirtancc, but they promifed to accon\pany me early in the morning. This refufal made mc very unhappy ; the old ludiaft faw my uneafinefs, and told mc it would be ufelefs to feck for my friend in the night, a$ be had no, mufket to give notice where he was, and that we had better flay till the morning. M. Furll was therefore obliged to pafs the night jn the fnoH', prote<5tcd fron> death by ^l^e biMul ^)k' C ^75 ) Rand o( God alone, for even in the hut we endured a moil levere cold. The Indians make no fire when they fleep, and thelc had no blan- kets, conlcquently \vc pafTcd a mi- lerahk night, ^m ■'•it] 'fill .!■ <J i '. 1 On the next day, as we were preparing to go in fearch of M. Furft, wc faw him coming towards us; he had followed our traces, and, to come up with us, he had availed himfelf of the hardnefs of the fnow which the cold of the night occafions, and which will then fupport the weight of thofe who walk on it. Our firft care was ta- warm, then to give him fome I 4 refrefh- ( '76 ) •'•■I '■V i-:^ a:; iS!;^ rcfrefhment, and we reciprocally cxprefTed our pleafure at meeting each other again. The 29th and 30th we remained with the Indians ; we obferved that the attention wc paid to fome ex- cited jealoufy in the reft, and they all endeavoured to furpafs each other in their fervices to us. We were not in want either of the meat of the bear, or carabou, during thofe days, and they were fure to give us the moft delicate pieces. I do not know whether the duties of hof- pitality are beft fulfilled by the Europeans or the Indians, but I am tempted to believe that the latter ( ^77 ) latter execute them with the better grace. The ill: of May they launched their boat; we all embarked, and let fail. The wind failed us at noon, when about fix leagues from the continent. This greatly affeded me, for fear I iliould not be able to affift my companions who remained near the place of fliipwreck; and in th-s fear I req^.^ited the old man to let me have two men and a bark canoe to get to the fliore. With a view to induce him to grant my requeft, I promifed to fend to him, and thofe who were with him in the boat, fome tobacco and brandy, as ^ 5 foon ;;it i )f: f; ' f ; i»- ' ft*!*' ■'1>-.' ■M,.*: C ITS' ) fbon as I fliould get among the French fettlers. Although he was willing to oblige me, yet- he had a council before he acceded; and ir was not without difficulty that my requeft was granted. They were fearful that a paflage of fix leagues was too much for a canoe, and they were unwilling to expofe us to danger. We departed, however, and about half after eleven at night we reached the fliore and fettlement. I went into the firft houfe I faw, which belonged to M. Volant, a native of St. Germain en L6ye, my friend, and chief of this poft. I could not have fallen into better hands, as h^ had not only the defirc, but ■I ( 179 ) but ability to ferve me. At firft he did not recoiled: me, and indeed I was not in a ftate to be recoUeded ; but as foon as I told him my name,, he loaded me with expreflions of friendfliip, and the pleafure wc had in meeting each other was ex- treme. I at firft told him of my engagement with the Indians, and brandy and tobacco were prepared for every one of our deliverers. They did not reach us until ten o'clock in the morning, during which interval I gave M. Volant a; detail of our adventures, and forcibly pleaded the caufe of the twenty-four men who remained near the wreck. My friend was much afFcdcd with their 'ii •1^ '.\ , ■y m w '■.: '■; ^ '•■^.■; I ■ » if'' •■•'V i ( 180 ) their fituation. He immediately prepared a boat to go in fearch of them, and alfo if tl^ '^hirteen men who were in the /awl were ftill alive. He failed, and when he reached the neighbourhood in which our fliip was wrecked, fired fome mufkets, to give information to thofe who had been left there. He foon faw four men, who threw themfelves on their knees, and with folded hand« entreated him to favc th^ir lives. Their haggard looks, and the found of their voices, which announced them to be on the brink rf the grave, affecfted M. Volant greatly. He joined them, and gave them fome refrefhment, but very moderate. W i*;'?". km ( '8i ) moderate, for fear that too large a quantity might caufe their deaths. Notvvithftanding tliis judicious pre- caution, one of them named Ten- guy, a Breton, died after drinking a glafs of brandy. ^ i .1 Twenty-one of the company were dead ; thefe my friend ordered to be interred, and the three who had furvived the fatigues, famine, and the rigour of the feafon, we brought away. It was, however, a con- fiderable time before they were re- ftored to health; one of them, Fourellot, the boatfwain, had inter- vals of infanity, and the two others, named. Baudet and Bonaw, had their bodies 1 ii ( '8:2 ) , ■ v . ,i 5oclics fuelled all over. Gcx:)d iooii, and the care taken of them, rcftorcd them, if not to pcrfedl health, at leafl: they were fo recovered as to depart with us for Quebec. ■> y *■« - ft-;' As he returned, M. Volant per- ccivrd on the (here two bodies ap- parently of drowned men, and fome remains of a canoe. He drew nearer to Vz certain of what he faw, and fired fome guns to difcovcr if any one was in the neighbourhood. No one appeared or anfwered, and I therefore concluded that the thir^ teen men who were in the canoe died of hunger and cold, for my" friend faw, at fome diftance from the ( i83 ) the leu fide, a kind of hut, a proof that they had landed, and, being deftitute of help, murt: have perilhcd niiferably. :| I need not tell you how much we were affcdlcd when wc faw the three men arrive who had been left behind; you may naturally fiippofe our interview was very affedting, and that tears were not fpared on cither fide. After our firft emotions, I en- quired how they had been able to tfxift fo long, and in what manner their companions had ended their lives. They told me that fome had periflicd •i i f ( m '. ''>'■'•' #"^1 'I ■ ■■"■.: Si mi m' Iff a ■; J>>.,i K >;• ' mi ( 184 ) perilled by cold and hunger, and others had been carried off by dread- ful ulcers ; that their wants had been fo great that the furvivors had eaten even the fhoes of their dead companions, after having firfl: boiled them in melted fnow, and after- guards broiled them* Thrt when this refourcc failed, they had re- courfe to the leather breeches of the deceafed, and that when M. Volant found them they had but one or two pairs remaining. You may fee therefore t!iat the fituation of thcfc poor men was as afflicting as our own, and that they fuffercd perhaps more than wc did, parti— ff ( »85 ) particularly as they were under the neccflity of eating the cloaths of their deceafcd companions. • We remained near fix weeks at Mingan, which we employed only in returning thanks to God, who had preferved us in the midft of fuch imminent dano:er. M. Leo:er quitted us to go to Labrador, there to get a paffage for Old France; but we took our paffage, on the 8th of June, in a fmall veffel for Quebec, and with a favourable wind reached it on the 13th. Every one was aftonifhed at our return, as they thought we had been in France, and were anxic^is to know - 1 i '{ ( 186 ) . know what had happened to us fince our departure, and we fatisfied thofe who were nfioft concerned to know. i ■ ■ :| V ' '4 i/>' ^rj •■■■ > ¥^'.v«i 'Ml Next day we put the three fea- men that M^ Volant had brought aw^ay into the hofpital, and M. Furft and I did all w^e could for the perfed: re-eftablifhment of our health. As foon as I was fuffi- ciently recovered, they gave me the little living of Soulange, which I ferved for about a year, and then received another order to return to France. I embarked therefore as chaplain to the king's fliip the Ruby, and failed the 2ift of Odto- ber, T 187 ) ^^er, 1738, and reached Port Lewis, in Bretagne, the 2d of December, to take in provifions, as our ftock was nearly expended. Having fup. plied this want, we failed for Rochefort, the place of our def- tination, where my duty detained me until the fliip was put out of iervicc. - i THE END. BOOKS ju/i pubhjiied by SAMPSON LOif\ No. 7, Berwick Street, Soho. £ '. )■;; I'M''' w4i ■■AH s 16 O MARCHMONT, a Novel, by Char- LOrXESMLTH, 4 Vols. - 'O Ditto on T>arge Paper, in neat Boards i FORKSTERS, a Novel, by Mils Gun- ning, 4 Vols. - - 012 MATILDA AND ELIZASETH, a Novel, bv the Authors of Honouia SOMEKVILLE, bZC. 4 Vols. - O COLE'S LIFE OF HUBERT - o LFNORE, a Focm, by H. J. Pye, Efq, o PICTURE J OR, MY OWN CHOICE, a Play - - - o DOG TAX, a Poem - - o HINTS TO FRESH MEN, from a MEMBER of the UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE - - o i GENTLEMAN s GUIDE in MO- NEY NEGOCIATIONS, and banker's, merchant's, and trades- man's COUNTING-HOUSE ASSISTANT O 1 ABBOTT'S AUCTION TABLES o i 12 5 1 1 1 d o o o o 6 6 o o o In fhePrefs, and luill be publifhed in April, Under the Diredlion of a Member of the L^ni- vERsiTY of Cambridge, SELECT EPIGRAMS, In Two Elegant Volumes, i2mo, Junc^ 1797' NEW PUBLICATIONS TRIKTED FOR 1 6 1 6 1 o 1 o 1 o Uni- T, a: LONGMAN, No. 39, Pa/cnjoJcr-Rozv. I. FAMILY SECRETS, Literary and Domeftic. Bv Mr. PRATT. In five large \ oluines, izmo. Price il. 5s, Boards. *' Mr. Pratt lias int;0(]iiceJ to a mimeroiisfet of readers a novel th.atlii'; th« aierit of being at once t.iuU;r, p;uhetic, aiivl t\i!l of love ; arnl, whith ir..!v b- a more unccmmon ciicumf^aiice, otlove mixed with the grcarrft di'c.ction." Monthly Rcvicny A'Ly, 1797* *♦ In the volumes be foix us, there ire fevcral beautiful an 1 arie£ling Rrokes of nature." ylr.alytlcal Rcvlc^^v, u'lj'rU, I'Cj'j. *• This produflinn'is in the manner of the 0!d Sclcol j that is, the .luth^r has made it his chief objctl t^ difpliy Nature lU pje m, and to exhibit furh characlers as cannot but be fou!'.<i among thofc clalibs whom he has t]"lineated. Accordingly, the great merit of the book conlills in the fiAcral fccnes pro- ducing their appropriate cftcfls, and the v\hole tending to imprcfs on the miiii new motives to love, and to promote h-imanity, virtue and vcligion." (jo^tkmati'i MagLix.iy.c for May. 2. GLEANINGS THROL '",H WALES, HOLLAND, and WESTPHALIA; with Vi'ews of Peace and War at Home and Abroad. To w liich is added, HUMAN iTY ; or. The Rights of Nature : A Poem. Revifed and corrc6>ed. By Mr. PRATT. In three Volumes, 8vo. Price One Guinea in Boards. Third Edition. ** We have found fo many lively and pleafmt exhibitions of manners, Ti many amufing and interefting anecdotes, and fo many obfervationii and reflcdions, gay and grave, fportivc and fcntimental, (all exprert'cd in a gay ' and familiar Uylf,) better fuited to the purpofe than fentences 1 ibourcd with artificial exadVnefs, thut we cannot hut recommend it to our readers a« a hii;hly amufmg and inteiefting performance." Analytical Rcv'ie-u.jjan» !']()()* 3. AN OLD FRIEND WITH'A NEW FACE ; a Novel; I By Mrs. PARSONS. In three Volumes. Price los. 6d. Boards. 4. A GOSSIP'S STORY and LEGENDARY TALE. By IMrs. WEST, Author of Advantages of Education, Sec. In |i\vo Volumes, i2mo. Price 7s. in Board*. *« We can recommend this ftory as uniting to a great degree of intcreft rii'i Irsrcr qualities of gcod fenfe, and an accurate knowledge of mankind. Ti\e Ipammaticdl errors and vu'gariftns which difgrace many even of our mofl celc- llirated novels, have here no place j and fcvcral of the rtiorter J^octical piice* tcrfperfed through the work, have very confidcrable merit. Amiifcmpnt it iibined with utility, and fi^ioft is inlifted in the caufc of virtue anl litical philofophy." 4 Monthly Rivkzvy January^ 1797 5. LOVli's NEW PUBLICATIONS PRINTED FOR T. N. LONGMAN. iV,;, ff^. 5. LOVE'S PILGRIMAGE, a Story founded on FaC^s ; compiled from the Journal of a deceafed Friend. Li three Volumes, izmo. Price 9s. boards. " A moft inttrcftirnj and v»cll-told Story. The language poIlHicd and cafv j the morality pure and clear. Wc tould expatiate on its n.c.'ts ; we couli fc-ledt many ftriking parts J but wc tiuft a llrong c immcn-lation "a.11 be :>i ule- <ul as a prolix one." Bntip Ct'itic, Atigi'Ji^ 1796. 6. CAROLINE DE MONTMORENCI, a Tale. In one Volume, i2mo. Price 3s. fcwcd. ** A pathetic Talc, told in elegant language. — As a whole, it is far fuperior •b moft publications of the kind." Jh':t]J}.> CritiCf May, 171- 5. 7. A JOURNEY OVER LAND to INDIA, partly by a Route never gone before by any European. By DONALD CAMPBELL, of Barbreck, ¥A'c[; who formerly commanded a Regiment of Cavalry in the Service of his Highnefs the Nabob of the Carnatic. In a Series of Letters to his Son. Comprehending his Shipwreck and Imprifonment by Hydcr Alii, and his fubfequent Negociations and Tranfadlions in the Eaft. Handfomely printed on fme wove paper, 410. Price One Guinea in Boards. " A Work like this has, in one rcfpeft, an advantage over tliofe Oooks of Voyages and Travels which are written on the i'pur of the occ;irnn j for it abounds with matured rcfieOions, and contains the travels u( the writer's mind, together with his bodily peregrinations. We cannot take kave without cx- prcffing our admiration of tlic fpirit and perfcvcrance difplayed by Mr. Camp- bell, in furmounting the difticulf'rs and dreadful hardfhip-, wiiich he has dcfcribed with fo much feeling and ability," M«ntLly KcvieiVy CS?. 1795. 8. A RESIDENCE in FRANCE, during the Years 179: |, 4, and 5 ; defcribed in a Series of Ivetters from an Engiiih! X/ady ; with general and incidental Remarks on the Frtwichl Charadler and Manners. Two Volumes, 8vo. The Secondj Edition. Price 14s. Boards. *• It is only julticc to fay, that the ftyle is as pulifhcd as tlic m'ttcr isl lAterefting and important ; r»or have we any doubt that tlie book will leroaiiil apccmanent monument of the talk and tivknts of the writer." Brifljh Critic, April, 1 797. 5>. A LETTER t<> the Honourable THOMAS ERSKINE ♦•ntainirtg fomc STRICTURES on his " VIEW of rh< 4« CAUSES and CONSEQIJENCES of the prefent WAI •• with FRANCE." By JOHN GIEFORD, Efq. Th« Ninth Edition. Price 3s. *' Sedng al.fo, as every reader muft here fee, fa£ls oppofed to declamation, ar Ijroofs to bare aflertion, we cannot co»ceivc ourfelvcs biaiVcd by an )kind uf prd jaiicc, when «.ve pronounce that ihis publication contnins a complete and lolij t^ivix \a Mr. Eifkinc." r-t'tj}: Critic, A^nl, i79l' NEW PUBLICATIONS PRINTED FOR T.N.LONGMAN. lo. A DEFENCE of the FRENCH EMIGRANTS. Ad- drefiVd to the People of France. By TROPHIME GERALD DE LALLY-TOLENDAL. TranHated from the French, hy JOHN GIFFORD, Efq. In one \'olume, 8vo. Boaids. Price js. thofe Cooks of 5v Mr. Camp- 11. SECREl' HISTORY of the FRENCH REVOLU- TION, from the Convocations of the Notables in 17S7, to the First of Nov£?.iBER, 1796. Containing a vafl Num- ber of Particulars but little known ; together w ith Extrads of the moH remarkable Publications on the Revolution, which have appeared in France, Germany, and England. Tranl- lated from the French of Francis Pages. In 2 vols. Svo. Price 14s. in boards. 12. An HISTORY, or ANECDOTES of the REVOLU- TION in RUSSIA, in the Years 1762. Tranflated from the French of M. DE RULHIERE. With an elegant Head of the late Empress. Price 45. fcwed. This woikvvas written by the author fhiirtiy af'cr the tranfadllons which he relates, of which h'^ was an eye wltiiefs. Gnat cft'ortt; wcie made by Catha- rine at the Court ot" F BANC E, to fupnrcfs the publication. Bribes ani me- naces were made ufj of, but iTie could f'lccccd no further than to ottain a pro- tnife that it fiuu d not appear in her life time— The Empress being now dead, it is juft publiHied in France, by the HcirofM. De Rulhiere. ** The gr,-)undsnf M. Dk Rui.hierk's information fcem indifputablc, zrA h'S readers appear to have every reafon to be fatisficd with his difcernmrnt, ia unfolding the motive, nnd ciicumftanccs that concurred in bringing ab«xvt tMs ftriking event. He in no fervile copier, b-at has dravi»n his charadlers, and d^r- fcribed his fcenes, with the hand of a maftcr.— Such is the account now, fee the firft time delivered to the public, of the circumAanos attending the me- lancholy end of Petkr 111. the abfolute mon irch of a vaft empir* 5 and who, with all his infirmitic,-, performed, during his /hort reign. of only fix months, fo many afts of humanity and mercy, and flvewcd fuch difpoftlions to piomote the li.uip'n-fs of mankind, that his defetls in point of prudence demand from the fy •npath zing heart a tear upon his a/hcs. " We fha'.l only add, that we have fcicom met with more intcrcftlng originil anecdotes, than thofe that are contained in the little wDrJ^ which wc have now levicwjd." ^PP- '^ Monthly RcfieWf Vci. 22. 13. CLARA DUPLESSIS, and CLATRANT: The History of a Family of French Emigrants. Tranflated from the German. In 3 vols. izmo. ** This pathetic novel, or rclntion of fads, has b^en defervedly fuccefsful in its native country, and at Paris. ** The charadlers are drawn with a truth of nature which is truly ad- mirable. '' Wc Hiould with plcafurc tranflate feme aftcfting fragments, but a Work of thio ftamp is not Jbrmcd to be long a Itranger to our literature." ^^l>. tb M'^ntbly Re'vleWi Vol. aa. book: BOOKS PRINTED FOR T. N. LONGiMAN, -\^ No. 39, PATERNOSTER.ROn^, "Arabian Nights Entertainments, 4 vols. izmo. Afh's Didionary, 2 vols. 8vo. Adventurer, 3 vols. 8va. > . . Alkyns's Reports, 3 vols, royal 8vo. Brooke's Gazetteer, 8vo. Price bound Ditto, with coloured Plates Ditto Abridged, izmo. Beauticj of England, 2 vols. i7.mo. Buftbn's Natural Hiliory Abridged, 2 vols. 8vo. Biographia Britannica, 6 vols, folio Burgh's Art of Speaking, Svo. ■■ Bell on the Hydrocele, 8vo. __ Bracken's Farriery, 2 vols. i2no. Bailey*s Englitli Didionary, Svo, Beawes's Lex ^vlercatoria, folio » — Cullen's Firft Lines of the Pradice of Phyfic, 4 vols, Svo. Curiofities of Literature, 2 vols. Svo Complete Angler, crown Svo. — — — — . Carr's Sermons, 2 vols. Svo, Chambers's Diftionary, by Dr. Rees, 5 vols, folio Comyns's Digeft, 6 vols, royal Svo. — . Cruden's Concordance, 4to. Compendious Hiftory of England, i2mo. — — Complete Farmer, folio ■■ Drelincourt on Death, Svo. — ■ Dychc's Englilh Di6tionary, Svo. Doddridge's Expofitor, 6 vols. Svo. — — Ditto, 6 vols, royal Svo. ■ Friendly Liihuftor, i2mo. — — — — Hymns, i2mo. __ Ledures, 2 vols, Svo. ■ • Ditto, 2 vols, royal Svo. Rife and Progrefs, i2nio. — — — Ditto, Svo. ' ■ Ditto, royal Svo. ' — — Ten Sermons ————— Three Sermons Didionary of the Bible, izmo. ' " Dcfcripticn of 300 Animals, izmo. Elegant Extrads, Verfe, royal Svo. _. ■■ Profc, ditto ■ o 12 o 12 I 2 o o o o o 12 o o o o 2 4 I o 2 o o 2 3 o o o I o o o o o o o o I 5 8 9 6 7 19 o 5 5 •f 7 2 I 8 o 18 o 7 O 12 13 o 4 5 2 2 6 7 2 3 I 2 I 3 7 9 3 I n 3 16 o 14 o o c o 6 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 6 o o o o o 6 o o o o o o o o 6 o o o El- egant liMAN, BOOKS PRINTED FOR T.N.LONGMAN. Elegant Kpillles, royal 8vo. Piicc bound O 12 O 12 I 1 2 5 c o 8 o 096 060 070 19 12 00 050 050 070 070 220 I 8 18 070 12 1300 440 026 1 2 2 1 6 1 7 1 2 2 1 1 6 1 2 1 i; 1 I I ■ 030 1 7 1 9 ■ 030 1 I 1 2 6 ■ 030 1 16 H 14 H r.Icgant F.pitome, Profc, fquarc i2mo. Ditio, \ erfe, ditto Ditto, Kpillles, ditto KflUy on Rht^rorick, from Dr. Blair, izmo. Kiuick's Spelling Dis^lionary, fquare izmo. Ditto, fmall 121110. fine papei Family Ledine>, by Dr. Knox, 2 vols, royal 8vo. Fergufou's Ailronomy, 8vo. — — — — Leisures on Mechanics and the Globes, 8vo, Ficldini^'s Works, 10 vols. 8vo. Tom Jones, 3 vols. i2mo. Jofeph Andrews, 2 vols. i2mo. Goldfmith's Hiflory of England, 3 vols, 8vo. Ditto x\.brid5:eJ, i2mo. Gay's Fables, 8vo. with plates ' ' i2mo. woodcuts ■ o o o o o o o 1 o o 3 o o I o o o o o Gregory's ChrilHan Church, 2 vols. 8vo. — — Glafs's Art of Cookery, Svo. — - Guardian, 2 vols. Svo. — — — — Ditto, 2 vols. izmo. — ■ Grandifon (Sir Charles) 7 vols. i2mo. — ■» Healde'sTranflation of the New London Difpenfatory, by Dr. Latham, 8vo. _— Hervey's Meditations, i2mo. — — Hoyle's Games (improved by Jones) 1 2rao. Haller's (Baron) Letters to his Daughter, crown Svo. Hiftory of England, in Letters, 2 vols. i2mo. Hamilton on Female Complaint?, Svo. — 's Regimental Surgeon, 2 vols. Svo. Hoppus's Meafurer, 1 zmo. Hawney's Meafurer, iznio. — — — . Hiflory of England, in Queftionand Anfwer, i2mo. Ditto, with cuts HiHory of Rome, in QuclHon and Anfwer, i 2mo. Ditto, with cuts Hume's Hillory of ]i,ngland, with Smollett's Con- tinuation, 13 vols, Svo. — Ditto, 21 vols. 1 8ns. ■ johnlbn's Works, 1 2 vols. Svo. fine wove paper ————— DicViouary, 2 vols. 410. ■ Ditto, 1 vol. Svo. ■ Englilh Poets, 75 vols, foolfcap Svo. Lives of the Poets, 4 vols. 8vo. halay's Emigrants, 3 vols. izmo. — 12 3 3 3 4. 12 9 7 o 10 6 I 3 8 2 16 6 o o 6 6 o o o 9 O 6 o 6 o o 6 6 o o o 6 3 3 6 4 6 7 14 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 17 6 2 io 4 4 3 3 8 13 2 6 I 4 10 6 Key .**.' BOOKS PRINTED FOR T. N. LONGMAN. '4 Ei m\ Key to Polite Literature, izmo. Kcnnctt's Roman Antiquities, 8vo. Lee's Botany, 8vo. _^_i London Pradicc of Phyfic, 8vo. Locke'b Works, 9 vols, mediuni 8vo. — — — on the EpilHes, 8vo. Human Undcrllandlng, 2 vols. 8vo. Lloyd's Thel'aurus Ecclciiafticus, 8vo. Leland's Hillory of Ireland, 3 vols. 410. on Revelation, 2 vols. 8vo. — — — — Sermons, 3 vols. 8vo. Langlcy's Builder's Jewel Loft's Law of Evidence, 4 vols, royal 8vo. Motheroy's Medical Di(5lionary, folio Macfarlan's Hillorv of George ilL 4 vols. 8vo. Millar's Gardener's Diflionary, vol. 1. folio Mawc's Gardene-'s Kalcnder, i2mo. • Mercier's Fragments of Hiil-oiy, ^x. 2 vols. 8vo. Milton's Paraclife Loft, 2 vols, with notes by Newton o Svo. fine paper, hot-preffed. Sec. o o o o o 4 o o o 3 o o o 2 2 I 5 o o Regained, ditto Loft, 8vo. Ditto, i2mo. Ditto, 1 8ns, Regained, ditto New Manuel of Devotion —— Nelfon's Feftivals, Svo. ' New Year's Gift, i2mo. 2s. 6d. Ditto 24mo. Plutarch's Lives, by Langhorne, 6 vols. izmo. Poetical Preceptor, izmo. Polite Ditto, izmo. ' Pope's Works, 6 vols. izmo. ' Ditto, Svo. fine paper Homer's Iliad and OdvfTev, 11 vols, Svo. by Wakefield, fine paper Paterfon's Roads of England and Wales ■ Traveller's Dictionary Pi ^ Porney's Heraldry, Svo. Pierce's Longinus, Svo. ■ Page's Travels round the World, 3 vols. Svo. Quincy's Medical Lexicon, Svo. — Rambler, by Dr. Johnfon, 3 vols. Svo. — Ditto 4 vols. izmo. Robtrtfon's Navigations royal Svo. — > — o o o o o o o o I o o o 4 o I o I z 6 6 o 8 7 1 9 14 6 3 12 18 5 o IZ 12 O 5 i5 H iz iz 7 3 z 2 o o o o o o o o « o 6 o o o o o o o o 6! 6 3 o| 6 o o 81 4 3 3 ^] 18 o\ 8 3 7 c 1 5 ^ 1 — iS c 10 ( 1 Wooc 1 Watt' I 12 I Rab( ROOKS PRINTED FOR T. N. LONGNf AN. Rabcljis's Works, 4 vols. izmo. Ric^iarJionN Eibp's Fables —— —— Robin on Crufbc, 2 vols. izmo. Rdlijioi's Coiirtlhip, i2mo. RoAc'5 (ivlrs.) Lftters horn the Dead to the Living, I 2Tno. Raflelais, by Dr. Johnlbn, izmo. — — Spcflator, 8 vols. 8vo. * - Ditto, H vols, iznio. Spiiike.-'s Devotions, iznio. ■■ Sheridan's Pronouncing Di*Stionary, 2 vols. Svo. Sherlock's Difcourft-s, 4 vols, Svo. Shakcfpcare's Plays, with Notes by Johnfon, Stee- vcns, 5.C. 15 vols. 8vo. fine paper Ditto, 8 vols, i2mo. with Notes abridged from the above Stanhope's Thomas a Kempis, Svo. Smollett's Don Quixote, 4 vols. i2mo. Cfil Bias, 4 vols. izmo. 'lelemachus, 2 vols, Svo. O o o o o o 2 I c o I Humphry Clinker, 3 vols. i2mo. Smith's Moral Sentiments, 2 vols, Svo. Sterne's Sentimental Journey, i2mo. Tclemachus, izmo. — — — Tatler, 6 vols, crown Svo. 4 vols. Svo. Tomlins on Contelled Eleftions, 8vo. Thamfon's Works, 3 vols, crown Svo. 2 vols. izmo. Seafons, by Aikiji, royal Svo. fine plates ■ , fooUcap ftvo. , i2mo. — — — — 2 o o o o o o o I 1 o o o I o o 16 3 5 3 3 3 16 o 3 4 »7 8 5 17, 7 9 2 3 10 8 5 6 I 6 2 »vo. Chemical Effays, 5 vok. izmo. — Apoiogy for Chfiftianity, i2mo. fcwed — — — the B^ble, i2mo. ditto Ditto, common paper Wood's Conveyancing, 3 vok, folio, bound Watt's Logic, 8vo. 5s. — and izmo. Improvement of the Mind, 2 vols. 1 2mo. Lyric Poems, izmo. ■ . Mifcellanies, izmo. — — — . Philofophicai JErffays, lamo. — 2 I o o o 7 o o o c o 2 5 3 4 I 5 3 7 3 3 3 a o o o 6 6 o o 6 o o o o o o o o o 6 6 o €/• O • o o o 6 UniverfalHiftory,Ancientand Modern, 60 vols. Svo. 18 o o Watfoi\'s (Bp. of LandafF) Theological Trafts. 6 vols. o o o o o o o « 6 Watt's PLAYS, &c. PRINTED FOR T. N. LONGMAN. Watts's Scripture Hiftory, iimo. Pfalms and Hymu.s of all Sizes, and uU the Dr.'s other Publications. Young's Works, 3 vols, crown 8vo. Night Thoughts, 8vo, — Ditto, fine Paper ■— — Ditto, fmall i2ino. _— — o o o o 6 7 3 o o o PLAYS, Arc. PRINTED FOR T. N. LONGMAN. 2. ■ 0' p 4- F 5- 6. :■: 7- 8. t ... 9- h ?*(' 1'' 10. I- II. 'J' 12. ' 1 J3- ,■ ,'■1'. 14. »5- tr.'> 16. ■i'X 17- i • ^2 18. 1 19. 1 20. i ■ 21. 1 22. 1 23- 1 24. 1 25- 26. i ^ 27' The Dramatift, a Comedy ; by Mr. Reynolds Notoriety, a Comedy 5 by ditto ■ How to Grow Rich, a Comedy; by ditto The Rage, a Comedy ; by ditto ■ Werter, a Tragedy ; by ditto — — Speculation, a Comedy ; by ditto — — Fortune's Fool ; by ditto o o o o o o o o Wild Oats, a Comedy; by Mr. O'Keefe TheCaille of Andalufia, a Comic Opera; by ditto o Sprigs of I^aurcl, a Comic Opera, in Two Afts ; by ditto ' o Hartford Bridge, an Operatic Farce, in Two- A&.S, ; by Mr. Pearce ■ o The Midnight Wanderers, a Comic Opera, in tw Adls ; by ditto ■ o Netley Abbey, an Operatic Farce, in two Ads ; by ditto — - _ o Arrived at Portfmouth, an Opera; by ditto o Windfor Callie, an Opera, by ditto; with an elegant Vignette ——.——— © The Maid of Normandv ; or. The Death of tlie Queen of France, a Tragedy ; by Mr. Eyre o Confequences ; or. The School for Prejudice, a Comedy ; by ditto ————— © The Secret Tribunal, a Play ; by Mr. Boaden o The Town Before You, a Comedy ; by Mrs. Cowley ' o The Myfteries of the Caftle, an Opera ; by M. P. Andrews Crotchet Lodge, a Farce ; by Mr. Hurlflone The Irifliman in London, a Farce; by Mr. M'Ready Zorinfki, a Play ; by Mr. Morton Way to "t Married, a Comedy ; by ditto Cure fo le Heart- Ache, a Comedy ; by ditto o Lock 2 Key, a Farce; by Mr. Hoare o Banni Jay, a Farce * o o o o o o I 2 2 2 I 6 6 6 e 6 o o 6 6 6 o c c o i A AS, 3 ' 6 o M o 6 o 7 O J o rOMAN. Is o — o o o o - o o o ditto o o v<y o , in o o ) o I an o >f tlie Lyre o jice, o en o Mrs. o by o e o Ir. o o o iitto o o o I I I 2 I *^ 2 I I 6 6 6 o 6 o o 6 6 I o I o I 6 2 O ■ 2 C I O 1 01 2 01 2 01 2 O 1 1 c