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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction retios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure ara filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, pienches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmte i dee taux de riduction diffirents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est film* A partir da I'angle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant la nombre d'imagas nAcessaira. Las diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthoda. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 S 6 IF E o < > o z < z < z Q. D 0) X O z < X Tl IF YOU LOSE THIS, WRITE TO YOUR DOMINION LANDS AGENT FOR ANOTHER COPY. H O < > a z < X Q. D (J) X O z < X stnuws G\l\Dt O R T M E HOMESTEADEU'S HANDY HEIJ^EU MMM* .MMM^i «**t.-i»,> •• w«M.<« m "0 X > -z o -< •n O D O O z (0 H > 2 H 3) m m a m 2 O m THIS SIDE UP EVERY TIME. KEEP DRY AND HANDY. , V ^*vwa 'i-'t 1* if«TS'\ r'*f -' (»-.;' :,^ i ■11 rr i - V > V ' t^^l * i 'r. *-»^l i^ .' tji J I, >v\y. THE SETTLER'S GUIDE ^ OR THE HOMESTEADER'S HANDY HELPER. Useful Hints and Information. How TO Avoid Mistakes in Time. Prevention is Better than Cure. handy guide to earning a free home. pioutveal : WILLIAM FOSTER BROWN & CO., PUBLISHERS. 1894. Entered according to Act of Parlinnient of Canada, in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-four, by W. Fostkr Brown & Co., in the Office of the Minister of Agrioulturo. CONTENTS. PAQE INTRODUCTION 5 INSTEUOTIONS. ^ousaixl Je Office Different systems of homesteading 9 Locating the homestead 10 Three year system lo Eesidence, nature of explained 12 Two mile radius system 12 Five year system 16 Homesteading of cancelled pre-emptions 16 Second homesteads lY Second homesteading of pre-emptions 19 Counting the homestead year 20 Keeping a diary 21 When the homestead year commences 21 Leave of absence 22 Notice of application for patent 23 Application for patent 23 Limit of time for applying for patent 24 Assignment before recommendation for patent 24 Assignment after recommendation for patent 25 Naturalization ; 26 Exchange of entry 26 Twelve months purchase clause 27 S.7 9 Ci>6 IV PAGE Pre-emption or purchase of lands 2*7 Payments 28 Interest 29 School lands 29 Railway lands 30 Hudson's £ay Company's lands 30 Taxes 31 Cancellation proceedings 31 Post Office addi'ess 32 Patents 34 Cancellation of patents 35 Fees 35 Settlors' eflfects 36 Advances to settlers 37 Settlers' heirs 37 Homestead exemption act 39 Hay lands 40 Grazing lands 40 Fuel for settlers 40 Correspondence with the Department 41 Entry by agent or attorney 42 Powers of the Minister of the Interior 42 Settlers as Immigration Agents 43 Dominion Lands Agencies 44 British Columbia Lands 45 PAQE . 27 . 28 . 29 . 29 . 30 . 30 . 31 . 31 . 32 . 34 . 35 . 35 . 36 . 37 . 37 . 39 40 . 40 40 41 42 42 43 44 45 INTRODUCTION. READ THIS CAREFULLY. ITS PERUSAL WILL REPAY YOU. This little work is meant to serve not only at i guide for intend- ing settlers, but particularly, as its title, "The Settler's Guide OR THE Homesteader's Handt Helper," indicates, as a book of reference for those who have made their homestead entries and are just about commencing the duties required to be done in order to entitle them to free patents for their lands. Particularly has it been the object of the compiler to place his suggeations in such plain language as will enable the reader to understand the practical mean- ing of Acts of Parliament and Departmental regulations affecting him as a homesteader. It is to be distinctly understood that this book is not intended to answer every possible point which may come up in connection with the homesteader's work during the whole period of his earning his title, but to give him information on a great number of points respect- ing his settlement duties, the possession of which in advance will save him from much correspondence with the Department and from many annoying mistakes. It will have been observed by many settlers that while the inform- ation contained in the printed pamphlets and other documents which 6 are so widely distributed by the ( lovernmeiit is exceedingly full and valuable, its main object has been to direct the attention of the intend- ing emigrant to the free homes in the Canadian North-West; but, having attained that object, it leaves the settler there, to fulfil his homestead duties to the best of his ability so far as he is able to un- derstand them from the technical language of an Act of Parliament, a task often sufficiently difficult for .^ skilled lawyer to cope with. Keady as the officers of the Department of the Interior always are to furnish the fullest possible information to homesteaders it is mani- fest that if that information is placed in the settler's hands, in the shape in which this pamphlet gives it, he will be saved a great deal of trouble in advance. , . . The homestead conditions and duties are laid down in the Dominion Lands Act and in the Homestead IJegulations ; and while the settler may rest assured that these have been framed by the (rovernment of Canada with the single view of enabling him to obtain a home of his own, in one of the most beautiful countries under the sun, upon the easiest and most reasonable terms consistent with the object of obtain- ing a permanent resident upon the land, it h of the utmost importance to himself that the homesteader should understand from the very out- set exactly what the law requires him to do. It is a most discouraging and disappointing thing for the home- steader to find, when he imagines his duties have been fulfilled and he makes his application for patent at the end of three, four, five or more years, that for want of knowing or sufficiently understanding the exact nature of the conditions he was required to comply with, he has fallen short in those conditions, perhaps to the extent of a month's or even a week's residence, — perhaps to the extent of an acre or two of cultivation, and he is thereby delayed in obtaining a Crown title to the land. The conditions imposed on settlers on Dominion lands in the Canadian North-West are by no means hard to comply with ; they are immeasurably easier than those relating to settlement in the United States. The least easy method of earning title to the land is perhaps that which requires not less than six months' residence and some cultivation of the homestead in each of three successive yeare. And Tl proj 1 ly full and he intend- ^^est; but, fulfil his ble to un- irliament, i^ith. ways are ' i« mani- 8, in the I'eat deal ominion settler Dient of »eof his pon the obtain- ortance >iy out- home- and he V more ng the he has th's or two of itie to where la the man, — be he a farmer, a trader, or engaged in any other sort of business who can hope to make a success of it if ho is away from it for more than six months in each year? Indeed, in what business, can any man hope to prosper if he is a\ -ly for even three months in the year ? Tlio record of the Canadian North-West for the past few years has proved beyond all question three world stirring truths: — Ist. That Canada embraces within her three and a half million square miles of territory the fairest and most attractive field in the whole world for settlers ; 2nd. That the Canadian North-West can accommodate thousands upon thousands of families, — those who are crowded out from the older and more densely settled centres of population and from the worked-out farm lands of Europe and the Eastern portions of the United States, as well as the young men who are just starting out in life to make independent homes for themselves and prospective families, and that Canada is ready and willing to accommodate them and find each of them a free home of a quarter of a square mile in extent upon easier settlement conditions than prevail in any other country in the world ; 3rd. That farming in the Canadian North- West pays. The man who wants to make money, however, either at farming or at anything else, has no time to waste in doing things twice over in order to rectify mistakes which might easily have been avoided had the proper information been at his hand in time. The man who has to go over the grouna twice in these times is assuredly going to bo left behind. n the they n the ind is I some And Forewarned is forearmed, and this little work is intended, as far as possible, to help the settler on Dominion lands to a ert the disappoint- ments and delays which he may, for want of such forewarning, encounter ; and its suggestions being based on the experience of many years of observation and correspondence respecting matters interest- ing to settlers, will, it is hoped by the compiler, go far, if kept in a 8 handy place for ready and constant reference, to show the settler how to avoid the difficulties which beset his path from the day that he makes his entry until the day when he holds in his hand the Crown title to his land, and becomes the absolute owner, and his heirs and assigns after him for ever, of his free home of a quarter of a Bq[uare mile of land which cannot be surpassed in the world. ! i the settler how day that he and the Crown his heirs and ter of a square THE SETTLER'S GUIDE — OB — THE HOMESTEADER'S HANDY HELPER. INSTRUCTIONS. Different Systems of HomesteadiiiK Explained. It is presumod that before making entry for his homestead, the settler has well-considered the different systems by which he may, under the Dominion Lands Act, earn a title to the land, and has decided to take advantage of that particular system which appeared best suited to his circumstances. If, however, he tinds, after having exercised the utmost possible care and forethought, that it would be more advantageous to him to do his homestead duties under another system from the one first chosen he should write to tho Commissioner of Dominion Liinds at Winnipeg, explaining fully the reasons which necessitate the change ; and his request will, as a rule, he readily grunted. As the two mile radius and five year systems ceased on the Ist January, lSi)4, the above instructions will of course apply only to entrios which may have been made prior to that date under one or other of those two special systems. 10 Locating the Homestead. In the great majority of cases the intending settler has made a personal mtspection of his land, before making entiy, anemption8. Special conditions are fixed for the homesteading of cancelled or abandoned pre-emptions. The reason of this is that when the Govern- ment decided to pen them to homestead entry, they having hitherto been held for sale exclusively, it was considered desirable to do so on such conditions as would ensure there being a settler in actual bonn-fide residence upon the land. ii 1'^ "While the conditions are .lightly in excess of those attached to the ordinary three year system, the settler has the advantage of obtaining a homestead in a locality where the adjoining lands must have been settled for some three or four years at least, the neighbourhood being to that extent in any case more desirable for the incoming settler. The conditions attached to these entries are as follows : The settler is required to perfect his entry by erecting a habitable house upon the land and commencing to reside therein within six months Irom the date of his entry, and to continue to reside there for at least six months in eacli of the next three years. The conditions as to residence, it will be seen, are much the 8aro<> as those attached to the ordinary three year system entries. The cultivation is not required to be any specified number of acres, but the settler is required to have, before his application for patent can bo i.ccepted, permanent improvements on the land to the aggre- gate value of not less than $1.50 per acre, which is equal to $240 for the quarter section, not a very large amount as the result of the three years' work on the farm. The above conditions do not apply to the cases of settlers who take up their pre-emptions as their second homesteads, which cases are dealt with in the paragraph following that which deals with second homesteads. Second Homesteads. The privilege of second homesteading ceased on the 2nd of June, 1886; was subsequently extended for one year to the 2nd of June, 1887, and still further extended to the 2nd of June, 1889, the latter extension being intended to cover all cases of those who had made entry at the time of the abolition of the privilege in 1886, and who, on account of the law as it existed at the date of their entry supposedly giving them that privilege, might be held to have an equitable right to take a second homestead as soon as they had eartied their first according to law. While the privilege of second homesteading no longer exists as re- gards bntries made after the 2nd of June, 1886, there ' ay still be some settlers who have not yet availed themselves of the right, and some explanation of the matter will bo of service to those particular persons, 2 i > > 18 Any settler who had his homestead duties bo completed as to entitle him to receive a recommendation for patent, or who received his re- commendation for patent, for his first homestead, prior to the 2nd of June, 1889, is entitled to obtain a second homestead. As the settler may elect to take such second homestead in some other district than that in which his first was situated, the Land Agent to whom he applies for such second homestead may not have any inform- ation in his possession to show whether the applicant is properly entitled to get it. The evidence as to whether he is so entitled is i-ecorded in the De- partment of the Interior at Ottawa, in the application for patent for the first homestead. The settler should, therefore, write to the Secre- tary of the Department at Ottawa, and ask to be informed if he is entitled to take a second homestead. His previous application for patent will be examined, and if it is found that he is, a letter will be sent to him to that ett'ect, which letter he can fyle with any Agent of Dominion Lands> who will accept it as his authority for granting the second entry. Important. An important point in connection with the privilege of taking a second homestead is the fact that the duties on the first homestead must have been done entirely subsequent to the date of entry. In some cases a settler will have performed part of his duties before, through no fault of his own, he has been able to obtain an entry. In such cases, the Minister of the Interior will, as a matter of grace, allow the settler to count the duties performed before entry when he is mak- ing his application for patent, so that he will not be obliged either to lose the benefit of the dutie« performed before entiy, or to wait for the full three years after his entry. The Minister of Justice has, however, decided that the duties put in before entry, while they may as a matter of grace be counted for patent for the first homestead, cannot bo allowed to count so as to en- title the homesteader to obtain a second homestead ; and this is a point on which the Minister of the Interior has no discretionary power, as it is merely a question of dates and facts, which he cannot alter. U 19 Second Homesteading of Pre-emptions. Settlors who aio entitled to a second homestead may, if they hold a pre-emption not yet paid for and patented to them, take that pre- emption as their second homestead, and thus obtain a fine large farm of 320 acres in one comptict block. As this provision was only made at the Session of Parliament of 1892, there are many cases in which settlers entitled to second home- steads had taken them at a distance from their first, and had also partly paid for their pre emptions in addition. In such cases the Department has, if they so desire, allowed them to abandon the second homesteads and take up their pre-emptions instead. The second homestead duties have, however, as a matter of course to be commenced all over again, as residence on one piece of land cannot be sworn to by the settler as residence upon another; a fresh entry fee has to be paid, and, if any payment has been made on account of the pre-emption, it has to be forfeited. There are few settlers, how- ever, who would not be glad to take their pre-emptions as second homesteads even on those conditions. When taking up his preemption as his second homestead the settler is not required (although he may do so if ho chooses) to go to the double expense of building another house, but may reside in the house which he has already erected on his first homestead. He is, however, I'equirod to put in not less than six months' residence on the first home- stead (or on the second homestead if he prefers it) in each of the three years alter the date of his second homestead entry, A specified area of cultivation of the second homestead is required in each of the above three years, as follows : First year — Fifteen acres to bo broken and prepared for crop in the first year after the date of his second homestead entry. Second year — The above 15 acres to be cropped and an additional 15 aci'cs to be broken and pi-opared for crop in the second year, making 30 acres under cultivation. Third your — The above 30 acres to be cropped and an additional 10 acres to be bioken and prepared for crop in the third year, making 40 acres in all under cultivation. How the Homestead Year is Counted. IMPORTANT. Pay Particular Attention to This. One of the things which, for want of proper explanation before- hand, the settle!" tinds a difficulty in understanding, and which in a great many cases causes him annoyance, delay and loss of years of labour, is his not knowing how th homestead year is reckoned. The settler should bear in mind that there is a great difference between the making of a homestead entry and the perfecting of it. In the majority of cases it would be almost impossible for a settlor to begin his duties on the day on which he made his entry. The Gov- ernment have therefore provided so many months' grace during which his entry for the land shall hold good against all comers, and at the same time enable him to settle up his affairs and place his family upon the land. This period of grace is under each system six months from the date of entry, and for those whose entries are made on or after the 1st of September in any year and whose six months' grace would expire before the 1st of June following, till the latter date (1st June follow- ing) ; while, as already explained, settlers from elsewhere than this North American continent can, by authorization of the Ciovernor General in Council, obtain twelve months' grace. t 21 Should the settler fail to perfect his entry befoa'o or by the expir- ation of his period of grace, his entry is actually void, and the Minister of the Interior can make other disposition of the lanJ. The settler should, therefore, take great care to perfect his entry within the period of grace allowed him ; for, although the Department may not in every case strike the entry off the hooka, were another intending settler to apply for the cancellation of the land with a view to obtaining entry for It himself, they would have no option in the matter. Keep a Diary. Every settler should keep a diary. This will enable him to sub- stantiate the dates of his perfecting his entry and the different periods of his residence on and absence from his homestead and the area and dates of cultivation. He will then not be troubled with the delay consequent on the correspondence with the Department when more information is required as to particular dates and other facts. Appended will be found specimen sheets of diaries as they should be kept under the different systems, as well as blank sheets for the settler to use. When the Homestead Year Begrins. I Ciovernor The perfecting of the entry consi^ts of goinir into actual bond-fide residence upon the land under the oi'dinary three year system, and by commencing the residence and cultivation duties required under the two mile radius and the cultivation under the live year systems ; and the homestead year begins in every case from the date of the perfecting of the entry. For instance, if the settler pei-fccts his entry under the ordinary three year system by commencing bond- fide residence on the home- stead on, ^ay, the Ist of July in any year, he must put in six months' residence between that date and the lat of July of the following year ; and so on between the 1st of July in each year and the IsL of July in the next following year until his three years from the date of perfect- ing his entry are completed. 22 Supposing a settlor perfectofl his entry on the 1st of July, 1890, completed his six months' residence between that date and the Ist of July, 1891, but foi" i-omo reason or other was unable to be in residence on his land in his second year until, say, the 1st of April, 1892, it is clear that it would be impossible for him to pet in more than three months' residence (April, May and June) before the Ist of July, 1892, so that he would thus lose his second year. It would not be allowable for him to take the second year as com- mencing from the 1st of April, 1892, and make up the required six months between that date and the Ist of April, 1893. The above rule will also apply to the dates between which the cultivation must be done under the two mile radius and five year systems. r Leave of Absence. A settler may, on application, obtain leave of absence from his home- stead on account of illness or for other good cause, without risking the loss of his entry, and while he is absent on such authorized leave the Department will not entertain any application to cancel his entry. The jK'riod for which the settler is absent on such leave cannot be counted as ])art of the residence required under the Act, the authority for the leave of absence being simply intended to protect the settler's entry while he is away. As a settler can b« absent from his homestead for six months of the homestoad year without forfeiting his entry, it is clear that if he has to obtain leave of absence in any year, it will leave him less than six months in that year in which to perform his resi- dence, and that ho will necessarilj', therefore, lose that year in reckon- ing his time when ho conios to apply for his j)atent. Tlie settler will, however, have bad the s;;tisfaclion of knowing that bis entry was per- fectlj' safe while ho was abtent from his land on leave from tho Dep.iitinent. On no account should the settlor absent himself from his homestead for more than the six months, without tirst making application and obtaining the permission of tho l>e|)artmont to do so ; otherwise cancol- latioii pro(00(lings may bo institnleil iiy i«otne other settler looking for land, and at the very least tho honiosloader will bo put to much ineon- 28 veoience and annoyance in connection with such proceedings, even if he does not eventually lose his land. Notice of Applieation for Patent. (Note. — It is possible that this provision of the Act may be abolished during the current year, 1894.) The settler is required to give six months' notice to the Commissioner of Dominion Lands at Winnipeg that he intends to apply for his patent. The reason for this is that there may bo ample time allowed before the expiry of the six months for the lloraesload Inspector to visit the land and inspect the improvements. In some cases the settler will have completed his six months' resi- dence during the fii'st half of the final year, and if he then gives the required six months' notice of his intention to apply for his patent, his application, which will probably bo taken by the Homestead Inspec- tor when the latter visits the land, can, if satisfuctory, bo approved at the expiry of the homestead year, whereas if the settler did not give the n(>tico till the end of iho homostoad yoiir, it would noi-essitato his waiting pi-olmbly a further six months before his application for j)!itont would bo approved. The settlor should keep a memorandum of the date on which he sends the notification to the Commissioner, us ho is requlre appli- cation f'oi' patent liot'ore the Agent of lK)niiniiin Lands, and for this reason tho Homestead inspectors have been given authority to take 24 applications. For this a fee of $5 ia charged, and the application, if the foe should not be paid to the Inspector at the time, will not be approved until the fee is paid. The above arrangement is of much advantage to the settler, espe- cially to the settler living far away from the Land Office, and saves him both time and money. Moreover, the witnesses who are required to corroborate his evidence in support of his application for patent are, as a rule, his nearest neiglibours, and can be more conveniently found at or near homo when the Homestead Inspector comes along than taken a long distance lo the local Land Office. Limit of Time for Applsring for Patent. It has been customary with some settlers tu put off making appli- cation for their patents lor an inderinite period, (or various reasons, one of which was, no doubt, the wish to escape the supposed liability to taxation, jmlgmonts and executions to which the land might become subjoct after the issue of the Crown ])atent. This delay on the part of the settler had the etfect in many cases of making it difficult, after the lapse of many years, to secure satisfactory evidence that the duties had been performed ; and it is now necessary for the homesteader to make application within tive years from the date of his entry; other- wise his entiy is liable to forfeiture, in the discretion of the Minister of the Interior. Assignment Before Recommendation for Patent. The settler should be most careful not to or>ter into any ag' oement of any nature whatever to assign or transfei or soil his homestead or any ])arl of it until ho has secured his recommendation for patent duly countersigned by the Comnnssioner of Dominion Jvands. It is not sutllcient that the settler should have completed his duties; he must also have received his countersigned recommendation for patent. Then, and then only, is he legally entitled to dispose of his homestead. The iiominion Lands Act is voiy pii •ticular in regard to this mat- tor, and any contravention of this clause, even to the extent of agree- 26 jng to soil when the recommendatiou for patent has been received, forfeits the entry, and the Minister of the Intei'ior has no power, as the Act stands, to overlook a breach of the law in this regard. This provision ma}' seem somewhat harsh at first sight, but it has been framed largely in the interests of the settler himself, as a protection to him against fraudulent inducements to dispose of his homestead right for a nominal or worthless consideration ; and, be it remembered, any settler violating this provision of the law is absolutely debarred from obtaining another homestead. Sometimes a settler, knowing that he has completed his duties pro- perly, and having made application and been told that it is sure to pass the Commissioner of Dominion Lands and be countersigned by him, applies to some loan company for an advance on the security of his homestead, and executes the papers before receiving his certificate of recommendation. This is quite enough to void his entry, even though the money may not have been paid over. The settler should defer all such negotiations until he has received his certificate of recommendation. Assignment AFTER Recommendation. If, after the settlor has receiveil his recommendation for patent, he desires to have the patent issued direct to the assignee, he should got some lawyer of good standing to draw up an unconditional assignment of the land to the assignee* This assignment should then be forwardeii to the Department of the Interior at Ottawa, to be registered there, and should be accompanied by a registration fee ot' $'2, and, if the land is situated in the Province of Manitoba, bv an abstract of title down to date, which the lawyer will procure, to show that the settler has not made any other disposition of the land than that covered by the assigi.ment. In case the patent has already issued before the assignment roaches the Department, the assignment and fee will bo returned to the settler, as the patent, once having issued, cannot bo caiuoUed, except in certain (uses, of which this is not one, and which will bo found more parlici.larly set forth under tho heading of "(Cancellation of Patents." 26 Naturalization. While a foreigner may take up land for a free Homestead, a patent for such free homestead can only be issued to a British subject by birth or naturalization. If the settler is not already a British subject, he should take early steps to become naturalized, anil so save the delay consequent on having to take out naturalization papers after his application for patent has been made and recommended. A settler not already a British subject may become naturalized in Canada after three years' residence in the country. , To do this he should make application to one of the following per- sons: — \ Judge of a Court of Eecord in Canada; a Commissioner authorized to administer oaths in any Court of record in Canada; a Commissioner authorized by the Governor (tonoral to take oaths under tiio Naturalization Act; a Justice of the Peace of the county or district where the alien resides ; a Notary Public ; a Stipendiary Magistrate or a Police Magistrate. ( From the above list it will be seen that the settler should have little diflBculty in tiiiding some one in his neighbourhood who is authorized to take his application for naturalization. If that appliciition is granted, the settlor will receive from the Police Magistrate, or other pcM'son to whom he may have made application, a certiticate of application, and the said person will also instruct him as to the prpens not infroquentlj' that a settler finds after a year or two's trial th»t ho has unfortunately settled upon a ])iece of land which is not suitable lor fanning and out of wliicli lie cannot reasonably hope to make a living. Out of the millions of acres of liind open for settle- ment in the North West it would bo strange indeed if such spots did not occur here and there. 21 jad, a patent ect by bii-th I take early )nsequent on plication for laturalized in bllowing per- ])oramis8ioiier n Canada; a o take oaths the county or II Stipendiary mid have little o is authorized Vora the Police ) application, a nHtruct him as J of application 3 Cortiticaie of a year or two's [■ land which is •oasonably hope open for settle- fsuch spots did When the settler is quite satisfied, iifter giving the land every chance, that it is no use wasting any further time and labour upon it, he should write to the Commissioner of Dominion Lands at Winnipeg, explaining fully his trouble, and he will have no difficulty in obtain- ing the necessary pormission to abandon his present homestead and select one elsewhere, better suited for farming. He will, however, be requii-ed to pay a fresh entry fee for the new homestead entry. Where a settler holds a pre-emption, or an adjoining quarter of the section as a purchase, it sometimes happens that he finds the pre- emption or sale quarter section much better adapted foi ..is residence and cultivation than the homestead itself. If that be the case, he should appl}' to the Commisi-iioner to be allowed to interchange his entries, and where the reasons given are satisfactory, he will receive the necessary permission, on paj mont, as in the first case, of a fresh homestead entry fee. It may seem a matter of small consequence to the settler whether he is living on the homestead or on the pre-emption quarter section, so long as he is living on some part of the half section ; but the Act requires that ho shall, when applying for his patent, make affidavit that he has rosidod on the homestead, and nothing short of this will suffice. Twelve Months Purchase Clause. Where the settler finds it would be more convenient to take out his patent before the end of the three years, the Dominion Lands Act makes provisions for his doing so upon his proving tl at he has put in twelve months' actual residence upon the homestead and brought at least 30 acres under cultivation, and upon paying the regulation price for the land at the tiino wl.on ho makes appliciition to puichaso under this provision of the Act. This twelve months' residence may be made up of broken periods aggregating the full twelve UiOnths. Pre-emption or Purchase of Land. Those settlors who hold preemptions which aro still unpaid for in ])art or in whole, should nnike a strong etl'ort to pay up for them in full. The rapidly increasing demand for land li)r settlement in all 28 parts of Manitoba and the North-West daily increases the obligation of the Government to collect the overdue amounts or to cancel the pre- emption entries and throw the lands open for homestead entry by a new settler. Remember that a good settler and his family represent far more in actual value to the country than the few hundred dollars which you have undertaken to pay for your pre-emption. A settler may. after he has received recommendation for patent for his homestead, dispost; of his right to his pre-emption; so that if ho finds himself unable to pay for it, he need not abs )lutely lose all benefit which he could derive from it. It is also better for him to dispose of it in this way and obtain an additional neighbour, than to try and hang on to it when he finds he cannot pay for it, and finally lose it by can- cellation. The only right in the preemption which he can dispose of, however, is the right to purchase it from the Government at the regu- lation price. The old time pre-emption privilege no longer exists, but the settler may, if he has not already done so, purchase from the Government at the ruling rate, which at present is $3.00 per acre, one of the adjoining quarters of the section, on which his homestead is situated, provided it is vacant and availalile. He is, however, required to pay one-fourth of the money down at the time of purchase, and the balance in three equal annual instalments, with interest at (i per cent per annum. The payment of this instalment down is an advantage to iiimsclf as well as to the Government; it leaves a smaller amount to pay in the future; it reduces the ymount of interest he is required to pa}' each year; it gives him a transferrable right in the land, and it prevents him from attempting to acquire a larger area of land than ho can economically afford to hold. Payments. Payments on account of Government lands should only bo made to authoiized Government Agents. If the settler is v/ithin convenient reach of a Land Office, ho should pay his money direct to the Agent of Dominion Lands, who will give him an official receipt therefor, upon a form with which the Agent is supplied for this sperjal purpose. If the settler cannot goto the Land Office, he should send the money, either by post office order oi* by registered letter to the Agent, 29 In caso a payment is required to o made direct to Ottawa, the re- gistered loiter, post office order or cheque, as the case may be, should be sent to and made payable to " The Deputy of the Minister of the Interior." Interest. A settler should pay up as promptly as he possibly can his instal- ments on purchases of land from the Government, The prices of Dominion Lands at the present time are away down below what the same or adjoining lands could be purchased for from the Hallway and Land Companies or from private individuals, and nothing is gained by deferring the payment. Many homesteaders are under the impression that it makes no dif- ference to the Government so long as they pay for the land some day. The consequence is that when, several years after an instalment is due, they make enquiry at the Department about it, they find to their dismay that a large amount of intoiest has piled itself up in the course of time, even at the moderate rate of (3 per cent per annum ; and they further find, in answer to their application to have the interest knocked off, that it is out of the power ot the Minister of the Interior to grant their request, as the interest, being a debt due to the Crown, can be remitted under the authority of Parliament alone. School Lands. The School Lands are sections 11 and 29 in each surveyed township, and have been set apart to be sold from time to time to create a fund for educational purposes. The fund thus created will, in course of time, become a grand entlowment tor the education of the present and future generations of children in the North-West. This fund will not, however, exceed the roquiremonls of the country when it is fully settled up, and it is the duty of every settler, as it is in the interest of himself, his children and children's children, to help to protect the School Lands, to refrain from and discourage squatting on them, and to prevotit their being tlespoiled of the hay and timber which may be on them. School Lands are not for sale like ordinary Dominion lands. They 30 can only be disposed of by public auction. It is useless, therefore, for a settler to apply to acquire them on any other conditions, as no matter how advantageous his offer the Minister of the Interior has no power to accept it. School Lands in the Territories may, however, be leased to the extent of 640 acres, and not less than IbO acres, for the hay, for a term of five years, at the rate of 25 cents an acre, and a settler desiring 8Ui.;h a lease should make make application to the local Agent of Dominion Lands therefor. The terms of payment for School Lands are at least one-fifth in cash at the time of purchase and the balance in four equal annual instal- ments, with interest at G per cent, per annum on the unpaid balances. The upset prices of these lands are tixed by the Governor in Council from time to time, and sales are widely advertised beforehand. Railway Lands. The different railway's in Manitotia and the Xorth-West Territories having been constructed tor the greater part by the aid of land sub- sidies granted by Parliament, the Comj)anies which undertook the construction of those railways have many millions of acres which they are offering for sale at reasonable figures. These lands, consisting as they do of the alternate odd-numbered sections, become yearly more valuable as the ac joining even-numbered sections are settled up(m by homesteaders. All}' settler who desires to extend his farming operations by acquir- ing some of the adjoining railway lands, will find full information at the end of this book in regard to the different Companies to which he should make application. Hudson's Bay Company's Lauds. The Hudson's Bay Company have also ii lai'ge area of land tlirough- out Manitoba and the Ni)rtli West Territories, granted them in com- pensation for the relinquishment of their tiadiiig rights there. These lands comprise onet'ventieth part of all the surveyed town- ships, and consist of sections 8 and three-quarters of 2t> in each such township. 31 Information as to the purchase of these lands can also be found at the end of this book. Taxes. Many homesteaders are under the impression that the Dominion Lands Act relieves them of all responsibility for the payment of Muni- cipal and other taxes so long as they have not taken out their patents. It is important for the settler to know that the Act simply provides that the homestead " shall not be liable to be taken in execution before the issue of the patent." The reason of this is that the title to the land remains in the Crown until the issue of the patent, and that the lands of the (^rown are not liable to taxation or execution ; but this provision of the Dominion Lands Act was never intended to encourage or assist the settler to avoid paying taxes. It is the duty of everj' good and true man in the community to cheerfully contribute his fair share towards the cost of schools, roads, bridges and other Municipal and local improvements of which he is reaping the benefit. If every settler would bear his proper share of this taxation, the sum which each would require to contribute would be much less. . . i, .1 ■.,'•■ Cancellation Proceedings. In the early days of th(i North-West, when the country was first opened for settlement, man}' vexatious cases of cancellation occurred ; but the system of procedure which has since been adopted by the De- partment, while causing no very length}' delay to the applicant for the land, gives the settler whoso onlry is threatened with cancellation ample time to fylo his defence with the Commissioner of Dominion Lands, and ensures his being protected in his entry if the circumstances which he is :.l»lo to lay before the CommiHsioner justify that course. The settler who has fViends desiring to join hitn will often find that it is impossible to obtain for them, in the immediate neighbourhood, land which has not already been entered for, lOnquiry respecting the adjoining homestead lands leads to the discovery that one of the settlers has been absent for a lengthy period from his homo, so long perhaps as to indicate that he has practically abandoned it. ; (i ii 82 Application should bo made to the local Agent of Dominion Lands, who will send the applicant a form of ''Application for cancellation," which the latter should fill up and return to the Agent. On the receipt of this forma) application, the Agent sends to the homesteader the cancellation of whose land is applied for, a notice to shov cause within 60 days why his entry should not be cancelled for non-fulfilment of his duties. Immediately on receipt of this notice to show cause the homesteader 8h(.uld send to the Agent of Dominion Lands as full a statement as possible in his defence, supplementing it with the statements of any neighbours whose ^knowledge of the facts may be of use in the matter. The homesteader whose entry is threatened should not delay by writing to the Department at Ottawa. The proper person to write to in this case is the locai Agent, who, on receipt of the homesteader's defence, will transmit all the papers to the Commissioner of Dominion Lands at Winnipeg, for submission to the Land Board. Should the Board consider the defence satisfactory, cancellation will be refused. Should the Board decide otherwise, however, cancellation will be ordered. It will be time enough then for the settler, should he feel dis- satisfied with the decision of the Board, to appeal to the jlinister at Ottawa. In c ise the homesteader fyles no defence, the Agent will, at the expiration of the uJ days, cancel the entry without further notice. Where improvements have been made by the homesteader, the value of them is ascertained by a Homestead Inspector, and the settler who makes re-entry for the land is required to pay the amount of the valu- ation into the hands of the Agent at the time of making entry. The dispositiofi of this amount is decided by the Land Board, and it is, according to the circumstances of the case, paid over to the original homesteader, or held for (he benefit of the Government. Post Office Address. The settler will find it to his advantage not to go away from his homestead without first leaving his new address with the Postmaster i- I 88 of the post office at which ho has been accustomed to have his letters directed, or with the local Agent of Dominion Lands, or both. A post card will always reach either the Postmastor or the Agent, and it may save the settler a great deal of trouble. For example : John Smith, a settler on a homestead within a couple of miles of Hegina, has been accustomed to come into Kegina once a week with produce, to purchase supplies, and go to the post olfico for his letters. In the third year of Ins liomestend duties, after having been away south for three months working for a neighbour, and hav- ing then resided on his homestead for two months, he is offered a good job at railway work about 50 miles north of Regina, and goes off at once to the work. After two months' steady work on the railway he makes up his mind to take advantage of a cheap trip to Ontario to fetch his family up to the North-West, reckoning that he still has five months of the homestead year left in which to put in the remaining four months' residence required to complete his duties. Now, mark what ha])pens. When he reaches Ontario, he finds one of his parents dangerously ill, and not liking to leave home under the circumstances, he is unexpectedly and unavoidably detained in Ontario for nearly three months, and is thus in any case left with insufficient time to complete his six months' residence within the homestead year. But that is not the whole of the trouble. Perhaps it occurs to him to write to the Department at Ottawa to enquire how his absence will affect him, in answer to which enquiry he finds that an application to cancel his homestead entry has been fyled. Upon receipt of this alarming news, he hurries back to the North-West, to learn that an incoming settler looking round for land, had found no one in residence upon his (John Smith's) homestead, and on hearing from the neighbours that he (Smith) had been away for some six months, has made application in the usual course to cancel the entry; that the local Agent of Dominion Lands has sent him (Smith) the regulation notice addressed to him as usual at Eegina to show cause why his entry should not be cancelled for non-fulfilment of his duties, and that no response having been received within the regu- lation time of 60 days, the notice still lying at the Eegina post office, the entrj' had been cancelled by default. If the new homesteader has gone into occupation and commenced 3 34 his improvements, it is impossible to disturb him ; but perhaps it may happen that he has not yet taken possession of the land, and is willing to forego his right to it. In such oase, Smith may, by permission of the Minister, be reinstated ; but it is the invariable custom of the De- partment to require the payment of a fresh entry lee for such rein- statement. And all this trouble and expense would have been saved if the homesteader had simply taken the precaution to send the Postmaster or Dominion Lands Agent a post caid notifying them of his temporary whereabouts, when the notice respecting the application to cancel his entry would have reached him at once, and ho would have had plenty of time to put in his defence, explain the reasons of his absence, and save his homestead from cancellation. Patents. For land in Manitoba the settler will obtain an original Crown patent from the Department. This document he should place away as safely as possible, as, although its loss cannot affect his right to and owner- ship of the land, he would be required to produce it whenever he desired to deal with the land, either by sale or by obtaining a loan on it, and if the patent should accidentally be lost or destroyed, a certified copy would have to be obtained from the Department, the cost of which would be $2.50. In some cases an exemplification or exact reproduc- t! 1 of the patent is necessary, the fee for which is 810. In the Territories, a system similar to that known as the " Torrens" system Oi" titles prevails, and instead of the settler receiving the Crown patent itsei^, that is sent to the Eegistrar for the District in which the land is situai^d. The settler is. however, notified imme^'ately the patent is forwart dd to the Registrar, and the latter will, ..en the settler makes application to him therefor, grant him, without charge, if the land is unencumbered when the application is made, a certificate of title showing him to be the owner of the land. If the settler then desires to dispose of his land, he hands in his cer- tificate of title to the Eegistrar, through the Solicitor who prepares the deed of sale, and the Eegistrar issues a new certificate in the name of the purchaser. 35 Registrars. The following is a list of the Registrars in the North-Weot Territo- ries, and their addresses: District. Assiniboia, South Alberta, North Alberta, West Saskatchewan, East Saskatchewan, Registrar. G. A. Montgomery, T. A. McLean, G. Roy, W. J. Scott, S. Brewster, Address. Eegina, Assa. Calgary, Alta. Edmonton, Alta. Battleford, Sask. Prince Albert, Sask. Canoellation of Patents. A patent once issued cannot be cancelled except for " fraud, error or improvidence," and this has to be done by the Courts. If, however, a settler, when he gets his patent, rinds some clerical error or omission in it, such, for instance, as his name being wrongly spelled, or one of his Christian names being left out, or the Township or Range in which the land is situated being wrongly described, he should write to the Department at Ottawa, stating what the facts are, and returning the patent, when it will bo re-issued, and the clerical erior corrected or the omission rectified. In case, however, the error is the fault of the homesteader, as, for example, owing to his having signed his application for patent " John Thomas Brown," whereas his actual name was " John Joseph Brown," while the original patent will be cancelled and a corrected one issued the settler will be required to pay a patent fee of $10 before the new patent issues. The settler should be careful to see that his application for patent is signed exactly as his name is entered in the Homestead Entry receipU Fees. On making his homestead entry the settler was required to pay to the Agent an office fee of 010; and, if the land had previously been entered for and the entry had been cancelled, a further cancellation or 1 36 inspection fee of $10 is required where, in connection with such can- cellation, an inspection ot the land has been made by an oflScer of the Government. In addition to the above fees, the settler will be required to pay a fresh entry fee in case he desires to exchange his entry for other land or to interchange the land he has homesteaded for an adjoining quarter of the section which he may have purchased from the Government, and on which he may find it more convenient to make his home and do his cultivation. If he makes his application for patent bc.*bre the Homestead In- spector, he is required to pay a fee of $5 either at the time the applica- tion is taken or before the recomnieiuiation for patent is issued. No lee is charged for the Crown patent for a free homestead, but in case any mistake should have been i lude by the settler himself, in regard to the correct spelling of his name for instance, which lenders it neces- sary to cancel the original patent and issue a correct one, he will be required to pay a patent fee of $10. In the paragraph relatiiig 'o application for patent full instructions are given for avoiding such errors. In case the settler desires, after he has secui-ed his recommendation for patent, and before the patent issues, to assign his right to the land to another person, he must forward a registration fee of $2 to the De- partment with the assignment, before the latter can be registered ; and the assignment, to be accepted by the Department, must be uncondi- tional, ■ Settlers' Effects. Settlers' effects come into the country with the settler free of duty, and it may be of use to the i.icoming settler to know that with regard '.,0 the matter of stock, the Customs Department allow a settler to bring in free one head of stock for every ten acres that he is taking up, and one head of sheep for each acre. The entry of cattle will, however, of course be subjoct to whatever quarnntine regulations may be in force at the time of entry. , SI Advances to Settlers. "Where a settler has, previous to takinjif up his homestead, obtained an advance of money under the j)rovisions of the Dominion Lands Act, upon the security 'of his homestead, to enable him to take up his land, he should be careful to keep a memorandum of the amount of such advance and of the date when the payments, principal and interest, become due. If he is in doubt on this point, he can obtain the inform- ation on application to the Department of the Interior, where the parti- culars of the advance are recorded. In a ffoneral way it may be stated that the limit which the Dominion Laiids Act authorizes any por."ranitol>a came into force on the first of July, 1885, ami the Real Property Act of the North-Wost Territories came into force on the first of January, 1887, and the requirements under each are practically the same, the ditl'erence being merely the date at which they would affect the settlei-'s case. If the settler had not, at the date of his death, completed his home- stead dutijs, the Dominioi\ Lands Act allows his legal representatives or any of them to complete those duties and make the necessary appli- cation for ])atent, but the patent will still have to issue in accordance with the conditions set forth horoundor. In case the legal representa- tive is unable to complete tho duties, ho may a])j)Oint one or more substitutes to do them. In Case of Death Before the Act. If tho settler had complotod his homestead duties at the time of his death, and died bff )re the coming into f()rco of tho Heal Property Acts, and intestate — that is, without making a will — the patent for tho homestead will issue to his heirs, his widow and i'hildre!i, fatlier or other person, as tho case may ho, and tho I)opartnient will i»'.|uiro to be furnishoil with a statutory declaration, ciM-i'oboratotl by two other persons who are familiar with all the facts, sotting i'orth who are such heirs. If the settler left a will, tin- patent will issue in favour of tho dovisoe — that is, tho perstui to whom by that will ho loaves his pro- perty — and in that cnso the Department rocjuiros a «'opy of tho lettors- probate, which copy must cerliiiei by tho Clork of tho Court which issued such letters ])rolia to. 39 In Case of Death After the Acts. Whei'e the eettler has died after the Real Property Acts came into force, the patent will issue to his personal representative. If he died intestate — that is, without making a will — the adminis- trator of the estate will be the personal representative, and letters of administration will have to be taken out, and a copy, certified by the Clerk of the Court for the Judicial District in which the deceased settler's homestead is situated, must be fyled in the Department. If the deceased made a will, his executor or executors will bo the personal representative, and the patent will issue to Mm (u- them, upon a copy of the letters-probate, certified by the Clerk of ho Court which granted such letters, and which must be the Court for th^ District within tvhich the deceased's homestead is situated, being fyled in the Department. In turn the executor will, after the patent is issued, make a cunvey- ance of the property to the person or persoi\s named in the will. In Manitoba there is an Official Administrator, whose duty it is to take out letters of administration in cases where, owing to want of means or from othor cause, no one of the legal repiesentatives makes application to bo appointed administrator. In all matters relating to .".jis question however, it is well for the Hettler's family to consult a i-espectable solicitor as to the exact form in "'iiieli the ditleront applicaiions for lotters-|)r<)bato or letters of admiuiatri'.tion should be made to the several Courts. Homestead Exemptir i Act. The Homestead Kx(unplii>n Airt provides that IfiO acres, |)o it the settler's (Joverninont fai-m or pait of his property otherwise acipiired for a homo, shall bo free from liability to seizure for debts contracted after ho has brought the land in (piostion under the provisions of the Kxomption Act. To do this, it will Do well for him to employ a trust- worthy lawyer to make the application in propiu- form The settler shoiilil boar in mind, however, that this Act was not framed for the purpose of relieving him from liability for past indobtednoss. 40 Hay-Lands. It is all important to the .sottlcr to be able to obtain sufficient hay for his stock. If he has no huy upon his homestead, or an insufficient supply of it, he .^houll mak'o application to the Assent, describing the land by qutirtor-aottion, section, township, range and meridian, upon which he desires to cut the hay, and the Agent will advise him whether the land is vacant and avaihible ; and the terms on which he may cut what hay he re(iuires. The Department of the Interior annually fixes the date at whicdi the cutting of hay shall commence, so that the hay may not be cut hef)re it is ripe. Leases of hiy- lands can be obtained where the land desired to be leased is in tlie vicinity of the settlorV homestead, of an area not o.Kceetling forty acro' , at the rate of 25 I'Mits an acre per annum, the term of tlie louse being five years. School Lands, as already stated, can b( 'ased for hay to the extent of 6i0 acres, and not less tliaii KJO acres, at iho above rate, for a term not exceeding tive years. Grazing Lands. A liCaso may be acquired by an actual settler, of such additional land as he may need in the vicinity of his hovvstead for his stock. The lease does not, however, withdiaw the land (i-om homostead entry hj another settler, but where cntiy is made, the rental, which is at the rate of 2 cents an acre ])er annum, would be reduced accordingly. Fuel for Settlers. < Any homesteader having no timber on his honn^tead nuiy, on application to the local Agent of J)()minion liands, get a permit to cut what he i'ei|uiies for building timber, fencing and fuel for use on his homestead, not oxeoeding as follows : — (a) 1800 lineal feet building limber not exceeding 12 inches at the butt end. (J>) 400 roof poles. ... 41 (c) 2000 poplai- fence rails, no vail to exceed 5 inches at the butt end. Ql) 30 cords of dry wood. 'v (e) Burnt or fallen timber up to 7 inches in diameter, for fuel or fencing. The office fee for the above permit is 25 cents; and any quantity cut in excess or for other purposes is liable to seizure and double dues. Correspondence with the Department. The Land Agency Offices have been established at the different centres of settlement so as to give the settlers as rapid communication with the Department as possible. If the settler thinks that the matter is one with which the Agent cannot deal, let him write direct to the Commissioner of Dominion Lands at Winnipeg, who, in his turn, ha«^ been located in the North West so as to be conveniently near the settlers. Should the matter requirir)g attention be one with which the settler believes the Department at Ottawa is better able to deal than the Commissioner, let him write direct to the Secretary of the De- partment at Ottawa, observing these rules as far as he nan conveniently do so, as it will save the hopartmont much trouble, and ensure prompt attention to his letter : — 1. W^rite on foolscap paper and (tn one side only. 2. Write the address and date plainly. 3. Sign your name in full and plainly. 4. If you are writing about any matter connected with your home- stead or other land. tIcKcribe the land accurately by quarter section, section, township, range and jneridian. 5. As far as possible, confine each letter to one subject. I 42 Entry by Ageat or Attorney. If you have any friends who desire to take up homesteads in your neighbourhood, but who are no c in a position to go ini'Tiediately to the Land Office and make entries • >n their own behalf, get each friend to make a separate application over his own signature to the Commis- sioner of Dominion Lands at Winnipeg or to the Department at Ottawa, asking that 3'ou may be authorize I to make entries in ad- vance on their belialf, and the I'equisite authority will be sent to them or to yourself direct. This authority will enable you to select the different quarter snctions as homesteads for your friends and to make entries at the Dominion l^ands Office on their behalf; and they will have the usual six months' grace in which to perfect their entries just the same as if they had made the entries for themselves. This will be found a very convenient ari-angement, as it enables a settler to secure homesteads for his friends near himself before they are all taken up in his immediate vicinity and before his friends can make their arrangements to go to the North-West. No Agent or other officer of the (irovernraent is permitted to act as agent or attorney to make homestead entry in advance for an intend- ing settler. Powers of the Minister of the Interior. It is a mistaken though natural idea on the part of many a settler that in numerous cases where he has been unable to comply with the conditions of the homestead law, the .Minister of the interior can exei'cise spoi'ial prerogative power as a Minister df the Crown, and, by coming to his aid, relieve him from the difficulty into which his non-compliance with the conditions of the Dominion I./ands Act may have lirought him. » The functions of the Minister of the Interior towards the settler are to sec thai the law which regulates the settlement of the Dominion Lands is administered by his officei-s in accordance with the spirit and inteil of the Act, and to see that the settlers, as well as being re" quired for their |)art to do their homestead duties, aie attordod every possible facili'.y in complying with the law. Hut the Minister of the 43 Interior is bound by that law to exactly the same extent as are the settlers ; and has no power whatever to either add to or take away from any of its conditions and provisions. liemember, then, that no matter what the circumstances may be which have prevented a settler from complying with the homestead conditions, and no matter how much the Minister of ihe Interior may desire to assist him out of his difficulties, his power is strictly limited to the authority granted to him under the clauses of the Dominion Lands Act, and that while he will alvvays go to the utmost extent to which by the law ho is permitted to go to help the bond-fide settler, he is not permitted to break the law. Every Settler an Immigration Agent. Nothing succeeds like success; and there is little doubt that con- tentment is one of the most important elements of success. Owing to the wide extent of the settlement lands in the Canadian North- West, and also on account of the free homestead sections being the alternate ones only, so that a mile intervenes between each, a settler is always glad of additional neighbours, for the closer the settle- ment the greater are the social and commercial advantages which the individual settlor and the community in general derive fiom such settlement, and the larger number there are to share the Municipal taxation and the Municipal and local improvements. A contented and successful settler can do almost more than anyone else to induce his friends to come and settle near him, for no one is so well able to speak favourably of a district as the man who has obtained a practical experience of it from resilience and work on the ground, and has, as the result of that experience, gained some measure of suc- cess. One letter to his friends from the settler who has made a suc- cess of farming on a iiomestead in the North-West will do more than a dozen Government Immigration Agents, ai-med with pamphlets, to induce them to join him and try his luck in the new land, though under the same old Hag. Kvery settler who has relations or Trie' Is who may be looking to better their condition will be betietiting himself as well as the country 44 at large by writing them fully as to his own success and as to the pros- pects ofFered to others for making independent and comfortable homes in the great Canadian North-West. At the end of this book will be found some useful particulars in this connection as to the dilteront bieamship lines running direct between Europe and Canada. / Dominion Land Agencies. On application to the Department at Ottawa, the Commissioner of Dominion Lands at Winnipeg, or to any of the Land Agents, the settler will be furnished with a map showing the different Land Agency Districts, the places at which the Agents' offices are situated, and the townships surveyed and ready for settlement up to the latest date. The boundaries of these Agencies are, of course, subject to alteration from time to time, and to subdivision into smaller districts, but these changes are made at rare intervals and ample notification of such changes is always given by the Department of the Interior, by adver- tisement in the local newspapei's. Hereunder is a list of the different Land Agencies, with the names of the places at which the Land Offices are situated, and the names of the Agents at each place : District. Battleford Calgary Coteau Edmonton Kamloops Lake Dauphin (sub-dist.) Lethbridge Little Saskatchewan New Westminster Namb of Agent. E. Brokovski Amos Rowe C. E. Phipps Thomas Anderson.. E. A. Nash R. Gunne W. H. Cottlngham.. John Flesher John McKen/.ie. ■•■ Post Office Address. Battleford . ■ .Saskatchewan Calgary Alberta Estevan Assiniboia Edmonton Alberta Kamloops / • . . B.C. Lake Dauphin Man. Lethbridge Alberta Minnedosa Man . New Westminster.... B.C. 45 District. date. Prince Albert Qu'Appelle Red Deer (sub-district) . . Souris Swift Current Touchwood Wetaskiwin (sub-dist.).. Winnipeg Namk o¥ Agent. John McTaggart W. H. Stevenson . . . . J. G. Jessup W. H. Hiam W. H. Stevenson F. K. Herchmer T. B. Ferguson E. F, Stophenson. ... Post Office Address. Prince Albert Saskat. Regina Assiniboia Red Deer Alberta Brandon Man. Regina Assiniboia Yorkton Assiniboia Wetaskiwin Alberta ' Winnipeg Man . In addition to the above the following list of officers of the Depart- ment other than those at the Head Office at Ottawa may bo found of use :— H. H. Smith, Commissioner of Dominion Land? ",nd Chief Immigra- tion Officer, Winnipeg, Man. William Pearce, Superintendent of Mines, Calgary, Alberta. .T. Hoolaban, Immigration Agent, Montreal, P.Q. P. Doyle, •* ' " Quebec, P.Q. E.M.Clay, « " Halifax, N.S. John Dyke, " " Liverpool, England. John Graham, " " Glasgow, Scotland. British Columbia. The Dominion Lands in British Columbia are situated in a belt lying twenty miles on each side of the Canadian Pacidc Bailway through that Province. This belt is divided into two districts. New Westminster and Kam- loops, the boundaries of which are indicated on the Land Agency maps rofered to in the next preceding section. 46 In the New Westminster district there are no lands open for home- steading, all the lands there being held for sale exclusively at a min- imum rate of $5 and upwards. In the Kamloops district the lands are held in the same way for sale at a minimum rate of $5 and upwards, but are also open for home. steading, on the same conditions as prevail in regard to homesteads in Manitoba and the North-West Territories, with the exception that the settler is required in addition to pay the Government for the land at the rate of 81 an acre before the issue of the patent. 1^1 I 47 Eh D A Q -t) m H s S w o H W cn >^ ;iH rfl o PS w ■^ o z w > s > fie, o M e s V fr ^ 5 "g « ij c£ J Q fi Ill 2 w 3 Periods of Rfsidesce os i Periods of Absence from Homestead. Homestead. 1 < ii S3 a* a ■< 1 .■■,••- eS •« u g S s 1 i i § 48 1^ GQ &; H P ft P -«1 H H , i 02 S g w s O H h- H CD a HI K-* 6^ o 72 H W o H H *< o 3I> h-f 03 ta H IXi pR o H M •< A J* ,• ^ ?Q cq^- n V *>3 >4 •- » o o - ^ S i2 «!■ tJ c; « o O lA I O in K 4t! 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