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BROWN & CO., STEAM BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS, King Street. I'^i »' ! # TI3LE HORSEMAN'S GUIDE. -AND 1 FARRIER. ► ♦«^*-4^- -►♦♦♦-♦ PubUsheil by L. B. ORA-ISTDELL. H ► ♦♦♦ -4 HA3IILT0N, ONT.: W. BROWN & CO., STEAM BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS, King Street. APR 4 ^ 1944 .\^flE»y^ PREFACE. ^ The writer of this little work, entitled The Horseman's Guide AND Farrier, considers it one of the best systems by which to handle wild and vicious horses that has ever been introduced into Canada or the United States, and has BO been acknowledged by all that have had the pleasure of seeing the system practically illustrated by the introduction of the most vicious horses that Canada and the States could produce ; and having a familiar acquaintance with the wish of all lovers of this noble animal— the horoc-to bring the system before the public m printed form, so that all may be benefited by its perusal* >- ♦ ♦ ♦ <- #. TO PURCHASERS. Persons buying this work haye every right of using, but no right of teaching, or transferring, to others the book, or its contents. Copyrighte.l by L. B. Crandell. 'i cl The Horseman's f the best systems rs^s that has ever nited States, and at have had the Uy illustrated by arses that Canada bavmg a familiar ers of this noble before the public benefited by its y right of using, g, to others the DELL. HORSEMAN'S GUIDE AND FARRIER. XUe First Ntep to be taken with a Colt. . Go to the iDasture and walk around the whole herd quietly, and at such a distance as not to cause tnem to scare and run ; then drive them very slowly, and if they stick up their heads and run, wait until they become quiet, so as not to frighten them ; then quietly pass around them again, and gently drive them in the direction you want to go. Do not flourish your arms^ or halloo, but quietly follow them, leaving th& direction free for them that you wish them to take ; thus, taking advantage of their ignorance, you will be able to get them into the barn-yard very easily. If colts have always run in the pasture uncared for, as many do, there is no reason why they should not be as wild as the deer, and require the same gentle treatment. If you want to get them without trouble — for the- horse in his natural state is as wild as any of the undomesticated animals, though more easily tamed — the next step will be to drive them from the yard into the barn, not into the stable, but "ii # I 4 on to tho barn floor. This should be done as quickly as possible, so as not to excite any sus- picion. Tno best way to do this is to lead a gentle horse into the barn first and hilch hm then quickly walk round the colt, or colts, as may bo, and gently drive them in the direction of the door ;' seeing the horse in the barn, they go in without further trouble. The next step is to remove the quiet horse, and shut the door. This is thejcolt's first idea of confinement, hardly knowing how he got into such a place, nor hoAV to get out of it ; so he must take it as quietly as possible. See that everything is so arranged that he cannot jump over, or crawl under ; also, a clean floor. Everything is now properly arranged for the colt to receive his first lesson. And how is it to bo accomplished. Some individual, unacquainted with a correct system of handling wild and vicious horses, would say the j)lan we adopt by which to halter and lerd quietly wild horses, would so frighten them it would prove a failure. But quite the reverse. Prepare yourself with a good spring-top whip, with long switch. Step into the barn , close the door. All is now safe. You are alone with the colt, nothing to attract his attention but yourself Stand quietly for a few moDdents, and he will eye you closely ; then take your whip in right hand ; give it a sharp crack j at the same time approach the colt so the distance from him is the length of the whip, and give him some sharp cuts around the hind legs, and under the flanks : never strike him forward of his ouart«T*H. A ft at* aT^t^lviTio- vnnr xvhi 11 w o «/ 1^ ir» %»?v 1^^^ t lid be done as 5xcito any sus- s is to lead a nd hitch hm t, or colts, as 1 the direction the barn, they 'he next step is shut the door, lement, hardly place, nor how it as quietly as s so arranged ^1 under; also, ranged for the .nd how is it to I, unacquainted ling wild and I we adopt by 7 wild horses, Drove a failure, 'ourself with a switch. Step l11 is now safe, ing to attract d quietly for a L closely ; then ve it a sharp the colt so the * the whip, and the hind legs, e him forward vnni» •«rVl^1^ \r\ such a manner for about one minute, then take your whip in vour left hand ; at the same time hold out your'right, and gently approach him, sayine, "Ho! boy," but in approaching him, it he turns and runs from you, again apply your whip sharply ; then again approacn him, saying ''Ho' boy." In operating in that manner lor about five minutes he dare not turn his quarters, but will stand and face you, and you can lay your hand upon his neck, pat and caress him. In doing so you gain his confidence, and when he follows you he comes for protection; but when he turns to leave you he is sure he will get punished. By using the whip in this manner for twenty minutes, he will follow you around the barn the same as a pet dog, keeping his head close by your side. This exercise was fully illustrated by Mr. Jonathan Smith, of Virginia, which is thus described by S. W. Cole. A vicious mare was given him to tame, which it was said he couid not manage unless he dealt with the devil, for she was a wild, skittish young thing, high tempered, and disposed to- kick and bite. He ordered her into a barn, and then entered and fastened the door. Before she had time to sur- vey him, he was giving her the lash smartly. A/ound she went, kicldng and jumping; no rest was given; the sweat flowed, and she slackened in her movements. When she approached him he slackened his whip, held out his hand, and said, "Come along;" again she was off, and the lash applied. This was repeated «AVAral times before she would advance, and e .f { when she mored toward him ho approached, and i:^tted her ; and as he moved away and said, "Come along," she followed. In a moment she darted oft'; he applied the lash smai-tlj; she stopped, trembled, and approached him. lie patted her neck, and said, '' Come along," and she followed him several times around the barn ; when he lagged she was away, and the whip applied. After that she would not remain two feet from him. He ordered the door to be opened and the mare followed close to him through the ci'owd, and back to the stable. This shows and proves clearly, the fii*st step, and only correct way of forming an acquaintance with wild and vicious horses. How to Halter-Break a Colt. Your colt is now brought uj) by the use of the whip, and follows close by your side. The next step is to teach him to lead with a halter : this can be accomplished in ten minutes by the use of a cord* Procure a cord about fifteen feet in length, and one half inch in diameter, made of cotton or hemp ; cotton is p ;eferable. Make a knot fast in one end ; at the other make a loop of sufficient size to slip your hand through. Your cord is now ready. Take the end that has the single knot, place it around the horse's neck, just back of thi head, and get the exact sfze ; tie a loop, then place it around the neck, and make it fast in the same manner you would tie a cord ■p. STriiTnr! xTini* f.ftf^f.lA'ft Vjrivrsft id TviRlrA f^y PTTi I'S.S'f'. 1 *^ MB!^ T )proachod, and way and said, a mome?it she smai'tl J ; she ed him. Ho 10 along," and )und the barn ; and the whip )t remain two )r to be opened Q through the his shows and only correct vith wild and n Volt. the use of the ie. The next % halter: this 3s b}^ the use in length, and of cotton or e a knot fast )p of sufficient Your cord is as the single 5ck, just back i; tie a loop, make it fast d tie a cord the stable. After which take hold of your cord one foot below your horse's neck, pass it through between the neck and cord that is fastened around his neck ; bring it forward, and loop it into his mouth , now, take your hand into th^ loop at the other end of *'\g cord, and you can control him as you please. Step back from your horse ; do not get forward or back of him, but stand on one side, about opposite to the shoulder; at the same time give him a sudden convulsive jerk, and then let your cord hang loose. If ho should prance and jump to the opposite side of you, giye him another jerk the same as before. Do not pull your cord, thinking to dx^g him after you by steady pulling, but give him a feW convulsive jerks, after which let your cord slacken ; and by exercising him in that manner for ten or fifteen minutes, he will very promptly step up to your side, no matter in what direction you may turn. Eemove your cord, buckle on your halter, and you can lead him quietly just where you like. Bandliog llie €olt'&v Fcet« We consider it the duty of every one that raises a colt to prepare it for the smith, before he takes it to the shop to get it shod, for many valuable colts have been made almost worthless through this neglect. There are feW horses that may not be gradually rendered manageable for this purpose. By mildness and firmness, they will soon learn that no harm is meant, and they will not forget their usual habit of obedience ; 't ^M s but if tho remembrance of corporal punishment is connected with shoeing they will be more or less fidgitjj and sometimes very dangerous. We wish it was j: law in every smith-shop that .no man should bo permitted to strike a horse, much le&s to twitch or gag him, without the owner's consent, and that a young horse should never be struck or twitched. The plan that we adopt to handle the feet is very simple, and not less effectual. By adopting this plan your colt can, in a few moments, Ibe taugl\t to stand perfectly still to be shod : as soon as you get your colt thoroughly broken to the halter, get a strap, or a piece of webbing, eighteen feet in length ; now tie one end of the strap, or webbing, around the colt's neck, just where the collar comes ; work it well back, to the shoulder; you are now standing at the left side of the colt, do not be in a hurry, work handy, and carefully, be very uniform in your words and actions ; now take the other end of your straj), gently pass it back be- tween the forward legs, bring it through to the left side ; now lay it over his back, with your right hand under his chest you can draw it through asjain to the left side ; now place the end up into the loop around the neck — you will now find your strap crossed just back of the left fore- arm — gently raise the left foot- and lay it into the strap that comes between the logs — the out- side strap is wound around the ancle ; now take the end that is passed through the loop around the neck in your right hand, your left holding the colt by the head ; you will see that you have the foot secure, with no possible chance to injure " * i i i i i»i ral punishment ^ill De more or dangerous. We h-shop that .no :e a horse, much >ut the owner's should never be hat we adopt to 3, and not less a your colt can, stand perfectly . get your colt get a strap, or in length; now ing, around the r comes ; work you are now )lt, do not be in )fully, be very ons ; now take pass it back be- through to the ack, with your u can draw it )w place the end : — you will now of the left forc- and lay it into 3 logs — the out- ncle; now take he loop around )ur left holding se that you have chance to injure himself in the least, as the whole strain comes over the back, and around the neck; let the colt stand until he attempts to free the foot, but if you hold him firm he will soon find it useless, and give up and yield his foot to you ; the moment that he yields, and not till then, relieve him.— You have now fully convinced him that you are not going to hurt him, and that he cannot get his foot from you — you will have no more trouble with that foot. Now try the right foot in the same manner; handle each one thoroughly; re- member that it is as necessary to handle the fore feet as the hind ones, for a horse that is vicious to shoe forward is more dangerous than one that is bad behind. Now handle the hind feet. Have the strap around the neck, and between the fore legs, as before, and carry it back through the hind legs, around the near hind leg below the fetlock, and bring forward through the loop around the neck ; take the colt by the head with your left hand, and the strap in your right, pull back on the strap, which will cause the foot to be drawn forward ; this the colt will resist by kicking, but draw tight on the strap, and hold him firmly by the head, he will soon find resist- ance useless, nnd will let you handle it as you wish. Now step to the right side of your colt, and proceed as on the left ; remember that you must be firm, yet kind, and ever willing to sub- mit to him when he does to you, but never let him know his strength compared with your own, and never let him know that he is the strongest. By faithfully pursuing this plan, as ex plained and demonstrated, I am confident !l W 10 that you will meet with the most favorable results. Eemembex' that you must be particuliar, and pesevf3riqg. '|:q Biae a CJoU. You have gained the confidence of your colt, by the use of the whip, now be very careful that you do not betray it, for if very wild he will be very suspicious, and watch every move, there- fore it is very important that you are uniform in all your words and acts. The old fashion plan of riding the colt, we think, very wrong. We well remember of attempting to ride a colt under the directions of an experienced horseman. We were placed upon the colt's back while he was rearing and plunging, and the next moment found ourself standing on our head in tne snow same three rods from the colt, and after making several useless attempts to mount him, gave it up as a bad job, while by adopting our present plan, ia a few moments the colt can be rid- den with perfect safety, just where we wish to go, and if this plan is faithfully pursued w^e are sure that any colt can be mountctl, and rode, in a few moments without incurring the risk of being pitoLed upon your head, and learning your colt a bad habit that will be dangerous, as well as very unpleasant. We say this with great confidence, for during nine years experience with the wildest that could be produced it has never failed in a single case. Before you attempt to mount a colt it Is very important that fl-i _ J"»A XVAV/I vvfwvv» TT V r. 1 a 1 1 v» ivorable results. )articuliar, and :e of your colt, ery careful that wild he will bo y move, there- 1 are uniform in Id fashion plan y wrong. We :'ide a colt under horseman. We : while he was ) next moment id in tne snow id after making it him, gave it tig our present )lt can be rid- I'Q we wish to pursued w^e are d, and rode, in ng the risk of d learning your gerous, as well his with great sars experience iroduced it has Before you ' important that 11 to he thd most important word in horsemanship, atid if you wish your horse to learn and obey a word you must first learn him the meaning of that word, and then only make use of it when yoii want him to stop. Never use the w^ord whoa to call your horse's attention in the stable, as many persons do, such as ^^whca, get over; tvhoa, back; ivhoa, cmne here,'' etc., until the horso gets completely confused with the word, and cannot comprehend your meaning. Hence the necess- ity of being uniform in word and act. In fact, if you wish your horse to understand and obey you, you must always be honest with him— never tell him what yx)u do not mean — never deceive him under any circumstances, but gain his con- fidence, and never betray it. Wo would just as soon think of betraying the confidence of our brother man as the horse we are training. In teaching your horse the w ord whoa take a strap, six or eight feet in len;'.?;th, lay it across his back to the right side, fasten to the ancle of the right foot, holding the strap in your right hand, the left on the halter, or bridle ; now lead the colt a few steps, and say whoa, at the same time pull on the strap, which will throw him on three legs, and suddenly bring hi to a stop, and in a very short time teach him that the word whoa means for him to stop. After educating your colt thoroughly ia, this manner, then attempt to mount him b}^ placing your right knee to bis side, just back of the fore ward forearm, and draw yourself gradually to his back ; if he should attempt to move pull on the strap, using the word whoa, and ho will soon think more of his < I i 12 foot than of jon, for he cannot think of both at the same time, as it is impossible for a horso to think of two things at once. You must now bo very careful ; do not try to \vork fast, and do not be in a hurry, for you will frighten him with your quick, hasty moves. If yOu will work slowly for five miiiutes you will be on his back, and he will show no disposition to dismount you. We feel confident in your success, for we have never failed in mounting the worst that could be brought, in half that time. Move slow and careful, until you get your nght leg over his back, and in the same gentle manner get into an upright position. You now have your bridle reins in your left hand, the strap in your right which is attached to the foot, and if he attempts to make a wrong move the word whoa, and a pull at the strap, will make all right. Bear in mind, however, that there is a great difference in the temper and intelligence of colts, some being quick to learn, while others are very stupid. Remember that the more dull and stupid the subject, the more need of patience and perse verence, alwaj^s bearing in mind that you are a man, and are dealing with a dumb brute— that if you are not capable of controling youi^self you certainly are not caj)able of controling a dumb brute. 'Your colt will now allow you to mount and dismount, at pleasure. You cannot expect him to be handy to the rein until after he is properly bitted, which is the next step with the colt. To Bit. a <; oil. xiuuiiijg is mure uesiruDie iiian to litive a xiorse link of both at ) for a horso to »u mu8t now bo 'k fast, and do [ghten bim with you will work be on his back, dismount you. 5S, for we have •st that could be Move slow and it leg over his nner get into an Lve your bridle in your right 1 if he attempts d whoa, and a •ight. Bear in ;reat difference of colts, some bhers are very more dull and of patience and mind that you % dumb brute— troling youi'self of controling a V allow you to 3. You cannot in until after he next step with to nave a iiorse i rap . 13 t carry his head and neck gracefully. To effect a graceful carriage of the horse's head and neck, various apparatus have been devised—one of which is the common old-fashioned bitting har- ness, and we must say we are bitterly opposed to its use. The practice which has been adopted by most farmers, of placing the bitting harness on the horse, and buckling up his head as high as they well can— also, drawing the side straps very short and then turning him out in a pasture field, is not only cruel, but it gives a very un- graceful stiffness to the horse's neck. How often has it been the case where horses turned out in such a position have reared and thrown themselves upon the ground, struck the head upon a log, stone, or some hard substance, and lost their life ? In the first place, put your cord around your horse's neck, and into the mouth, just as recommended for halter-breaking. Lead your horse out of the stable ; lot your cord bo about fifteen feet in length ; take your whip in right hand ; touch him lightly on the quarters with the whip, and occasionally give him a sudden jerk with the cord, but in doing so, if he should attempt to approach you, wave your whip to keep him the proper distance ; and as often as he drops his head give him a sudden pull with your cord, which will cause him to keep his head in a proper position. Give him a lesson of this kind about fifteen minutes each day for three or four days, after which get prepared a heavy surcingle. This is placed around your horse with a crotch made the same as the end of a common saw-buck ; this is fastened, and placed M u on the top of the surcingle, and riveted fast, leaving the top ends about two feet above the horse's back, with inch buckle attached. Your bridle is now put on with open reins, the end of each fastened to the buckles above; Have no side rfeins, but lead him out with your cord as before. When he attempts to crowd on the bit, a little jerk will put him in the right position. When the horse has become somewhat used to the bit, you should buckle the stays a little shorter, and let him wear it so tor a short time ; he will very soon find out that he cannot lower his head, and as his mouth will be rather tender he will naturally raise his head to take off the pressure of the bit from his mouth. You thus give voluntary exercise to the muscles of the neck,and in ashort time it becomes natural and easy for the horse to carry his head well up. Every time you put on the bitting you can shorten your straps a little, until he carries his head in the right position. Isearnius a CoU to Back. Learning the colt to back is the next operation, and is a matter of great importance, as the future value of your colt depends uponliis being thoroughly broken. It should be commenced Tvhilo bitting the colt; and before you ever attempt to harness you should teach him to back promptly at the w^ord, in the following manner: Have on bitting bridle, stand in front and a little to the left of your colt, your left hand on i>uii MTiuiv, iii youi ij^nt a iigiit spring top whip; L. il nd riretod fast, > feet above the attached. Your reins, the end ibove* Have no h your cord as t'owd on the bit, right position^ newhat used to B stays a little )r a short time; o cannot lower be rather tender to take off the uth. You thus muscles of the natural and easy ell up. Every ou can shorten ies his head in next operation, ^rtance, as the uponliis being be commenced )foro you ever ich him to back Dwing manner : n front and a • left hand on [jring top whip; 15 now give a quick pull on the bridle, at the same moment a light blow on the nose with your whip and say, '' back, sir ;" ease up on the bridle, your whip at your 8ide,patting and caressing on the neck with your right hand ; in a few m-oments try it again. By repeating this a few times he will learn what you mean by saying '' back sir." He is now ready to harness. Hariicssins: tlie Colt. Put on your harness carefully, which should bo strong in every respect, and well fitted to your colt ; load him around for a short time, u,ntil he becomes familiar with the harness, then check him quite loosely at first. Take your webbing, or the strap, which you have used to handle his feet, attach one end to the ankle of the right forward foot, carrying it back through between the bellyband of your harness and the colt. Now take your reins from the pad, and, you have three reins, two to his head and one to his foot. Now drive him about a short time ; when you want him to stop, use the word whoa^ and take his foot. Now place the web or strap between his hind legs, touching him gently on each leg, if ho should attempt to jump, or kick, say whoa, pull on the foot strap, then gently approach him, pat and caress, to let him know that you are with him, and that ho has done right in stopping. Continue this until he will start and stop at the word back ; come to the right or left as the reins indicate. He is now if- 4 I 16 under any circumstances to use an old rotten harness, or to hitch your colt to an old rotten rattling wagon, liable to give way on the first move of the colt. Many valuable colts have been so frightened through such carelessness as to become almost useless. Make everything safe and sure, as safety and certainty should be your motto. Before you hitch your colt into the shafts, lead him around the wagon or sleigh, and let him e.xamine every part of it; then back him into the shafts ; star.d on the left hand of your colt j have the strap, or webbing, attached to the right fore foot, and over the back, holding it constantly in your hand ; now, gently lift the shafts, and make him fast ; if he should attempt to move the word whoa, and the use of the foot strap will quiet him ; now step to the right side, take the foot strap, pass one end over the bellv band of the harness, and carry it back on the -right side to the wagon, over the hold back strap, using that as a third reiii in your hand. You see now that you are all sr^fo. If he at- tempts to run, pull upon this strap, which instantly throws him on three legs, therefore is obliged to stop ; if he attempts to run back, the same remedy stops him ; if he attempts to kick, call his attention to his forward foot instantly. Now all that is necessary is to be careful, and use a little common sense in teaching your colt what you want him to do; and in a very short I.imA ITTk'jl nQTm O nrvl-^ +Viof iTz-vi-t j^n-^ -..^vy-^..-.^^ w^^ ~^ J properly broken, safe and kind for any one to m rottou rotten 10 first 8 have less as ty and ts, lead )t him n into ' colt; 3 right tantly 8, and move strap b side, bellv •n the back hand, he at- which ore is k, the kick, tly. l1, and r colt short 1 -_ >n^ to • drive, which is almost the first question ashed by the purchaser. Wo have now taken you through the whole list of training your colt, and we hope 7 m will never lose sight of the all-important prinjiple of our system: Patience, Perseverence and Kind- ness, with a good share of Firmness ; and also, remember that colts should be trained, not broken. Train a colt in the way he should go, and ho will never need breaking. Do not do as many people do, let their colts run until they are fbur 01 five years old, and then undertake to break them in the old fashioned way ; this is impracticable, for you as often break their con- stitutions, their courage, their spirits, and some- timeo their necks, and very often the breakers themselves get hurt. The colt should bd taught step by step, with patience and perseverence, what you wish him to do ; not driven to do what he does not know — what he cannot understand — while smarting under the lash. We will now commence with the old bad horse's harness trick. We have very often remarked that ninety-nine out of every hundred v^'cious horses in harness are horses with ungov- ernable mouths. If we govern the mouth we will, in almost every instance, have a controlable horse. We will ask, did the reader ever see a balky, kicking, bolting, plunging, runaway horse with a fine, easy, governable mouth ? We never have, therefore we always give the vicious a thorough training with the bitting cord before yield the mouth readily to the pressure of the II I. 18 bit, after he has boon thoroughly trained to the cord. We wish to convince hjm beyond a ques- tion that wo have the power to handle him just as we wish, and will just say that wo consider it necessary to handle all horses in a manner to COL ''>oe them that they can be controlled ; let your lossons be thoi-ough bt't not very long ; be gentle and i^atient with the colt, but make the old stubborn and vicious horse feel the extent of youi* power until he submits ; then repeat until ho yields unconditional submission j then be gentle and kind, yet firm, in yonr treatment afterwards. After testing all other plans that have been brought before the public, we must say that our present system for handling a vicious horse — to subdue feim — or for performing surgical opera- tions, that it is far ahead of anything ever made public, and if we had retired from the business of teaching Horsemanship we would not be de- prived* of the use of this one point for ten times its cost. The first step in the management of a bad horse is to show him that his wilfullncss must yield to superior power. This you can do best with the use of our surcingle, which we will now explain so that you need not make a mistake. How to Siitiflue a \icloiis Horse. Much has been said of Mr. J. S. Earey's system of subjugating vicious horses It is known aimost the world over. He has taugJit his system in Upper and I^ower Canada and the d to the d a quoa- him just )nsider it an nor to •Hod ; lot long; bo :o th© old sxtont of eat until then bo I'oatmont ivo been that our lorso — to il opera- tor made business 't be do- 3n times lent of a ilfullncss u can do hich wo make a ►rse. s system known ight his and the 19 United Safes, and has also had the pleasure of operating before the Eoyal Court in England; and as far as our knowledge extends, his system has met with approval of all those that have attended his lectures. But after giving him ^11 the praise that is duo, you must consider JM,r, Earoy's system for subjugating vicious horses is like all other new inventions that are brought before the public—in a short time thci^o are y^y groat improvements. • .,;. The plan we adopt by which ta subdue vicious horses wo consider far suj^erior when comi^aifed with Mr. Karey's. We both accomplish the same object, but by a different way of operating. And why do we employ such means by which to sub- due a vicious horse ? It is to put him in a position that ho is unconscious of the amount of his strength, satisfy and convince him that we can control him to our liking, and when once con- quered he submits himself to our will, attor which he will do almost ar ything we may require of him. Now, dear reader, before you attempt to do anything, it is necessary to know just What you ?ire going to do, and how you are going to do it ; and if you are experienced in the art of taming wild liorses you ought to be able to tell within & few minutes the length of time it would take you to bring a wild horse perfectly under your conti't)!. Wo have given you the first step. He is brought up, and will follow you by the use of the whip. We have also given you the plan of halter breaking. Now, the next point is to sub- 30 dUo and conquer him. Let your cord remain upon your horse the same as for halter breaking. By the use of the cord you will be able to keep liim quiet while placing your surcingle around his body, and other steps necessary for his sub- iugatioti. Mr. Earey bedded the floor with straw but wo think it better to have a clean floor, and pad well the knees. If your floor is clean and dry there is no danger of your hoi-se slipping ; if you use straw upon the floor it is apt to give under his foot ; he would slip, and perhaps get injured. Now for the plan and use^of the sur- cingle : This is six feet six inches in length, Avith twelve rings attached to it , the fl'rst ring is five in<5hos from the buckle on the front edge ; next live inches from the first on the back edge; next six inches from the third. (This third ring is used for the left forward foot.) The foul-tb ring six inches huvn tl.<) third placed to the back edge. The fifth f r I ' ix; ii rings are used as pulley rings to bring up the right forwai-d foot; the fifth ring five inches from the fourth ; the sixth ring three inches from the fifth. Next is a small ring two inches from the sixth on front oilge ; next eight incheb from seventh on back edge ; next nine inches from eighth ; next three inches from ninth on back edge; next ,3even inches from tenth ; next one inch from eleventh on back edge; the second and seventh rings are attached to the front edge of the surcingle, used for bringing the horse's head on his side when performing surgical operations. The first, fourth, CigiiLu, tonm, ana tweiitn, are attaclied to the back ed§o^|)j the use of short straps, fas toned d remain breaking. 3 to keep lo around [• his sub- rith straw floor, and jlean and ipping;if t to give rhaps get ■ the sur- igth, Avith ng is five ige ; next ige; next d ring is lul'tbring ►ack edge, lley rings the fifth ^ixth ring J a small nt edge; ok edge; •ee inches )n inches venth on •ings are [gle, used ide when it, fourth, 3d to Iho jD^stoned 21 with copper rivets ; those are used for fastening both hind feet to the surcingk when perforriing operations such as castrating, fireuig, &c. You are now acquainted with the plan ; now for its practical use. Take your surmnglo, ap- proach your horse on ^he left side, pul it around his body ; buckle to the third ring will be just in the position by which to fasten the left tor- ward foot. Place iu the third ring a strap oight- teon inches in length, one inch, and a quailer wide, with buckle and two loops, the same as common hame strap ; this put through the third ring, the end slipped into the loop on the untin- ished side, and drawn through. The strap now hanffs by the third ring, fastened by a loop just back of the left forward arm. On the right side of the horse, just back of the arm, are the filth and sixth rings. You have prepared another strap fifteen feet in length, and one inch wide. One end of this strap is buckled on the fifth ring also a small strap eight inches in length, with one ring attached. This is buckled around the ancle of right forward leg, ring on Oulrside. The other end of fifteen feet strap passes through the ring at the postern, and brought up through the sixth over the horse's back. All is now in readi- ness for handling your horse. You ar3 standing on the left side of your horse. Take up the left fore foot, and bend his knee till his hoof is bottom upward, and nearly touching his body; the strap hanging to the third ring is brought around the ancle and buckled. "The -left foot is now secured, and leaves your horse standing on three feet, and m f ' - 22 5^ur powor. You are standing on tho leffc side of your horso; grasp tho bridle rein, on the left side of the horse's neck, six inches from the bits. Keach over the horse's back with your right holding the strap that comes from the opposite toot; boar against his shoulder till you cause him to move. As soon as ho lifts his foot, your pulling with your right will raise it in the same position as his left, and he will have to come on his knees; keep the strap tight in your right hand, so that he cannot straighten his lefr \f l>e rises up. Hold him in this position, and turn his head towards you ; bear against his side with your shoulder, not hard, but with a steady, equal pressure, and in about ten minutes he will lie down. As soon as he lies down he will be com- pletelv conquered, and you can handle him as you please ; take off the straps, and straighten out his legs ; rub him gently about the face and neck with your hand, the way the hair lies; handle all his legs, and after he has lain ten or t^renty minutes let him get up ; after resting him a short time, lie him down again. Eepeat the operation three or four times, which will be sufficient in most cases, for he is perfectly con- quered, and has submitted himself to your will, and can be educated to do almost anything you may require of him. •Ey the use of the surcingle, 3^ou can place your horse in any position you like, without the assistance of any one , he can be castrated in twenty minutes by one alone, can be educated to know that a buffalo robe, umbrella, piece of paper, or any ouject however frightful, is harm- 10 leffc sido on tho left )m the bits, ^our right, le opposite you cause foot, your n the fiiame to come on j^our right » leg if he and turn s side with jady, equal le will lie ill be com- ile him as straighten le face and hair lies; lin ten or 9r resting Kepeat 3hL will bo 3ctly con- four will, thing you can place ithout tho itratcd in educated piec^ of , is harm- 23 less, and after once educated in a proper manner you have no further trouble. How lo Urive a Runaway Hon^e* This is easily effected by buckling a strap eight inches in length, one inch wide, around the ankle of the left forward foot, with inch ring attached , another strap fifteen feet in length, ono inch wide, with one end buckled to tho hame ring, the other end slipped through the ring attached to the postern, and from thence under the hip-strap into the wagon. Bj adopting this plan you can remain 'seated and control him as you please". When you move your horse pull on your strap, and by so doing you bend the leg inward, so as to bring the bottom of his hoof nearly up to his body. Your horse now stands on three legs, and you can manage him as you please, for he can neither^ rear, run, nor do any- thing of a serious nature. * This simple operation will conquer a vicious horse quicker than any other plan that can be adopted ; it does not hurt him, while it enables him to perceive that you can render him powerless. His foot claims all his attention, and you can drive him at pleasure. He may at first got very mad, and strike with his knee, but will soon give over, after which you may go to him, let his foot down, and caress him. You must bear in mind that he will tire very quickly on three legs ; hence you should let him have his foot as suon as he seems to be fatigued. You can let him have his foot -^ xl 1.^4' vv.rf^i-« •*« r^-«*i VVlLiiuUu l^etiing QUI Ul lUU Wiigua, ivi'^viii ci/i«.|. I 4 24 be a little slack, the ring on the postern slipping backwards and forwards as he travels, so that no obstruction is in the way. Driv© him with his foot down as loni^ as he is quiet, but if he at- tempts to do anything wrong, pull on the strap and take his foot from him again. If he mani- fests.v desire to run let him have the lines, but keep the strap firm that is attached to his foot; he will soon tire, and stop at the word. By driving him in that way a short time, you will have effectually mastered his disposition to run, or try to get away. We have seen horses, totally unmanageable from their vicious propensities, so gentled by this process that in a few hours they might be driven anywhere with perfect safety ; and one great advantage of the plan is that the results are permanent. How to drive a kicking^ Horse. It must be remembered this is a vice foremost in point of danger. A vicious kicking horse is more dangerous than one possessed of any other vice. If your horse is a little nervous, tie him down with your surcingle, and gently harness him as though were ever so kind. Then put on your ten-cent cord bridle. This is made by tak- ing a half-inch cord twenty feet in length; get the centre, and loop two gang-runners one foot apart; now place it on the horse's head just back of his ears, with loop on each side; the ends are brought down, ci'ossed through the mouth, and back through the loops above. Now your bridle isarrangodonhishead. Taketheonds (afterbeing rn slipping I, so that no a with his 'j if he at- 1 the strap f he mani- linos, but 3 his foot ; rord. By i, you will ion to run, ses, totally open si ties, few hours th perfect he plan is »rse. foremost ^ horse is any other IS, tie him ly harness len put on -de by tak- sngth; get 3 one foot L just back 5 ends are outh, and our bridle if ter being 25 brought through the gang-runners) back through the turrets of your pad ; place your horse between your shafts ; buckle the belly-band close, so your shafts cannot rise ; then place a pully on the top of the shafts, each side of the horse's quarters ; make them fast. Then bring the cords from the turrets that are attached to the pad. under the wheels of the pulley over the horse's quarters, and make them fast. Your horse is in just the right position. Have no fear, for you can drive any kicking horse with it any where you please. If he attempts to raise his.quarters, he throws his head violently into the air, and can do no harm; it has a peculiar advantage over him, for it does not hinder the travelling, a there is nothing attached to his feet ; and all you have to attend to is your lines. IMve him in that manner foi* three or four days, after which remove it, and your horse is effectually broken of vice. How to use a Balky HLorse. If ever we felt that the horse deserved the philanthropic sympathy of man, it has been when we have seen a man ignorant and brutal m his own nature trying to move a balky horse. AYe will have been amply repaid, and will cer- ' tainly given every one who buys this, book a rich equivalent for his money, if by ^ its perusal we induce a more civilized mode of treatment. Wo are to remember that balking is an acquired habit, and not from any disinclixiation on his part to pull. We know that some'men will take the very best pulling horse, and in k short time I m I 4 26 make him balk, siiAply from miemanagement. It IS not the dull, indolent horse which balks, butthe high-spirited and firey horse of blood and mettle —because the driver dose not understand him. Notice which horse of a team it is that balks, and you will mostly find it to be the one ofthe highest mettle. He hears the command to go, being more ready to obey than the other, he springs off; but, not being able to start the wagon, he is thrown back on his haunches, stop- ping the other as well as himself. The driver whoops snaps his \vhip, and by the time that the slower horse has started the free horse has made another effort, failed, and now both are balked. Both horses recognize that something is wrong, and neither knows what. They are alike afraid to move. Then the driver plies the whip, whoops and slaps the lines, all of which Only tend to make the matter worse. This has been seen by almost every person. The horse was willing to go, but did not know how to move the load; and we ask any sensible man to tell us if the horse should be beaten for not doing that which he did not know how to. You can make a horse do almost anything which he can fully understand ; and we do contend that by proper education and patience] any balking horse can be started in a few minutes. Some have adopt- ed the filan of buckling a strap to the ankle of one forward foot, standing in front, and by pull- ing the foot forward the collar presses against the shoulder, and he will move. Others have adopted the plan of throwing a handful of sand in his f>V@a hnf +/^ fiiia -rvloi-. +k/^^,,«.U H- J» anagement* hicli balks, >f blood and underatand a it is that be the one ) command the other, start the iches, stop- The driver tne that the e has made are balked. ; is Avrong, il ike afraid the whip, rhich Only is has been horse was move the ) tell us if ioing that can make can fully by proper horse can ave adopt- 3 ankle of id by pull- es against hers have ill of sand we are bitterly opposed. Wo would sooner owjjk a balky than a blind horse. If you get hold of a balky horse that has been long in the habit of balking, just set apart a day ior his education. Go into some pasture field, hitch your horse to a light load, something that ho can move easily. If he refuses to pull, get a half inch cord ten feet in length, tie it ar jund his neck and loop it forward into his mouth, just as recommended for halter breaking. Step to one side, give him a sudden jerk, and he will move a step towards you. Step to the opposite side ; give him another sudden jerk ; by repeating it ten or twelve times he will start willingly. Then increase your load, and if he refuses to pull use the cord as above. "We have seen the worst of horses in three hours time made x^ei'fectly kind^ — to pull in any spot or place. The plan is simple. And why is it so effectual- ? There r^ nothing you can place upon a horse's head by which you can control him with such ease. The cord ia placed around his neck, and brought foi'- ward into his mouth, and by a sudden jerk with the other end it is drawn suddenly across his tongue, comes in contact with the nerve of his lower jaw, which he cannot long endure, and he willingly moves off. If at any future timo he should show any symptoms of balking, a lesson with the cord is all that is necessary. Uow to Break a Halter Puller* Always use a leather halter, and be sure to * 28 \i \ . t around his nose ; if he pulls on it, it should be of the i;ight size to fit his head easily and nicely, so that' the nose band will not be too tight or too low. Never put a rope halter on an unbroken colt, or a horse that is in the habit of pulling at the halter, under any circumstances whatever. They have caused more horses to hurt or kill themselves than would pay for twice the cost of all the leather halters that have been needed for the purpose of haltering colts. It is almost im- possible to break a horse of the vice with a rope halter ; he will pull, rear and throw himself, and» thus endanger his life — and we will tell you why. It is just as natural for a horse to try to get his head out cf anything that hurts him, or feels unpleasant, as it would be for you to try to get your hand out of a fire. The strands of the rope are hard and cutting. This makes him raise his head and draw on it, and as soon as he pulls the slip-noose (the way rope halters are always made,) tightens and pinches his nose, and then he will struggle for life. Who would run the risk of a fine horse breaking his neck rather than pay the price of a leather halter ? If you have a horse that, from mismanagement, has acquired the habit of pulling at the halter, place your leather halter on his head — the strap you hitch him with, have it twenty feet in length. You may hitch him in a stall, or to a post outside, or any place where he has been in the habit of pulling. If in a stall, run your rein through the hole in the manger, then back through the ring of the halter, and as you pull •j-'xi T- xi- _ „: 1 '^^ !.:« 1. ^^/^ ,.^:i-U:^ +-.,T^ 29 b should be of and nicely, tight or too an unbroken of pulling at es whatever, hurt or kill 2e the cost of m needed for is almost im- 3 with a rope ■ himself, and» 7ill tell you )rse to try to lurts him, or you to try to itrands of the makes him as soon as he ) halters are les his nose. Who would Qg his neck ^ther halter? mauagement, it the halter, id — the strap 3nty feet in stall, or to a he has been all, run your 5r, then back as you pull VViviiiii. +, feet of the manger, then between his fore legs, and then make fast to the ancle of his left hind foot. We think you can see clearly that there is no possible chance for him to break his halter or got loose. If ho makes an attempt to pull back le brings his left hind foot forwai'd under the body, is fearful he vMll fall, and steps for- ward in a moment. After he has made the at- tempt to break his halter three or four times, you may take any object, however frightful, and hold it in a position to frighten him and he will make no effort to pull back. We have seen the worst cases of this kind effectually broken of the vice in thirty minutes. Pawiug in the 8talK /i■ 32 sense in employing euch means by whith to shoe a wild horse. If the horse struggles, which he is sure to do, he must get badly injured. In shoeing a bad horse never confine him. Get a small cord about ten feet in length, place it around his neck and into his mouth just as re- commended for halter- breaking, balking, &c. All it will cost you is five cents, and by its use you can shoe the worst of the kind without any trouble. In attempting to raise the foot, if the horse should rear or attempt to kick, let go the foot and give him a sudden jerk with the cord ; then pat him on the neck, saying, " Ho I boy ; ho ! boy;" then hold the cord in your left hand and with the right pick up his foot. If he does not stand quiet, put the foot down, and give him two or three sudden jerks with the cord. Handle him in that manner ten minutes, and he will not dare to move. Smiths in many places have said they would not be deprived of the use of the above plan for one hundred dollars. For Teacliing a Horse to :5ack, or a Horse that i» in tUe Habit of Bolting. Th6 cord is all that is necessary for teaching your horse to back. Place a pair of them around his neck and into his mouth, one on each side. Get behind your hoi*se, and you can teach him to back at the word in twenty minutes. For a bolting horse use but one. If he is in the habit of bolting to the light, x)lace the cord on the left place it on the right side of the neck and into vhith to shoo ;s, which ho injured. In him. Got a 5th, place it 1 just as re- balking, &c. (i by its use without any 3 foot, if the k, let go tho th the cord; "Hoi boy; our left hand . If ho does viij and give Lth the cord, nutes, and he many places ^ed of the use iollars. Sack, or a >f »olting. for teaching • them around on each side, an teach him nutes. For a 3 in the hcibit )rd on the left loff. eck and into 33 the wagon ; and when ho attempts to bolt, a sud- den jerk will bring him in the right direction. Duv^e him with the cord a short time, and ho is broken of the vice. To educate him to the word ''Whoa," a little jerk accompanied with tho words/ " Ho ! boy," is all that is necessary, and he will obey you. The Plau for a Breachy Horse. A breachy horso is one that costs a farmer a ojreat amount of time and trouble. He goes to the pasture field, but is never sure of finding him where ho perhaps left him the evening prwious. Mr. Cole's plan, by which to prevent a horso from jumping, is to place a leather surcingle tight around his body, with inch ring under the chest, fastened to tho surcingle ; also, a strap one inch wide, eight inches in length, buckled around tho ankle of the left hind foot, with ring attached ; a strap one inch wide, three and a half or four feet in length (the lenoth of this strap is governed according to the size of tho horse), one end buckled in the ring under the chest, tho other end to the ring attached to the ancle. If the horse should attempt to jump, placed in such a position, he deprives himself of the use of the left hind foot, has not power in the right auflaci- ent to rise—consequently he must fail in his attempt. In most cases the plan proves quite effectual. Another plan has been adopted by some, and T believe has a irood effects Tie the tips of the ears together, then back to a little strap that is 3^ buckled around the neck, after which get a piece of thin leather eight inches wide, twelve long, with a little cord fastened to each corner of one end. This is placed across the forehead, the cords that are fastened to the corners made fast to the strap around the neck. With such a fix- ture attached, he is in part deprived of two of the five senses — seeing and hearing. A horse will never attempt to jump a f«nco unless he can bring some one of the five senses to bear upon objects on the other side. This is testimony sufficient to prove the plan a good one. How to €atcli a Uorise in Pa»tiire« The prevailing opinion of horsemen generally is, that the sense of smell is the governing sense of the horse, and that no means can be employed by which to catch a wild horse in pasture with- out the use of strong smelling oils. Sullivan, Fancher, as well as others, have with that got up receipts of strong smelling oils, to catch and tame a wild horse — sometimes using the castor of his leg, which they dry, grind into a powder, and blow into hisnostrils ; sometimes using the oil of rhodium, cummin, and organum, that are noted for their strong smell ; and sometimes they scent the hands with the sweat from under their arms, and blow their breath into his nos- trils ; all of which, as far as the scent goes, have no effect whatever in gentleing or subduing the horse, or conveying any idea to his mind, though the work that accompany these efforts — ^handle- ing him, touching him about the nose and head, jb get a piece twelve long, orner of one brehcad, the rs made fast h Biich a fix- )d of two of 5. A horse unless he can bear upon is testimony )ne. Pasture. len generally r^erning sense be employed )astiire with- i. Sullivan, ith that got to catch and \g the castor ito a powder, Qes using the um, that are id sometimes it from under into bis nos- mt goes, have subduing the mind, though brts — ^handle- )se and head, 35 and patting him, as they direct you should after administering the article, will have a very great effect, which they mistake for the effect of the ingredients used. By using the oils, you can approach a wild horse in pasture, and, after caressing him for a length of time, got your halter on his head, Mt when you attempt to lead him he is off as wild as ever. Fancher, in his work entitled The Arabian Art of Taming Horses, page 17, tolls us how to ac- custom a horse to a robe by administering certain articles to his hose, and goes on to say that these articles must first be applied to the horse's nose before you attempt to oreak him, in order to operate successfully. Now reader, can you, or any one else, give one single reason how §cent can convey any idei. to the horse's mind of what we want him to do. If not, then of course strong scents of any kind are of no account in taming the unbroken horse; for everything we get him to do of his own accord, without force, must bo accomplished by some means of conveying our ideas to his mind. I say to my horse ''Gro 'long," and he goes ; " whoa," and ho stops, because these two words — of which he has learned the meaning by the tap of the whip, and the pull of the rein, which first accoraipanied them-^convey the two ideas to his mind of go and stop. Fan- cher, nor any one else, can ever learn the horse a single thing by means of scents alone. How long do you suppose a horse would have to ^,fnn/1 or»rl omAll nf a }nr\H\a nf ml ]-»AfnT*A hft WfJllld learn to bend the knee, and make a bow at youi* ilHI 36 bidding, go yondor and bring your hat, or come here and lie down. Thus you see the absurdity of trying to break or tame the horse by the means of receipts for articles to smell of, or medicines to give him, of any kind whatever. The only science wbich has ever existed in the world relative to breaking horses, that has been of any account, is that true method which takes them in their natural state of mind, and improves their intelligence. Con- sequently, if you wish to educate your horse in a proper manner, adopt a mechanical process. He will then fully comprehend your meaning, and obey at the word. If your horse is wild, and wilt not be caught when in pasture, drive him into the barn, close the doors, and make them ftist, after which adopt Mr. Smith's plan on fifth and sixth pages. It will bring him up to you, and he will follow you just where you wish to go; after which you can go to the pas- ture field, and say, '' Come here, boy," he obeys the call at once, and gives you no -further trouble. Kow, dear reader, a word with you, and we are done. We have endeavored, in writing the sys- tem, to fully explain it, so that none need go astray ; but it must be remembered, in handling wild and vicious horses, you have different dis- positions to contend against. Every one who understands the true philosophy of horseman- ship, knows when we have a horse that is high ^ mettled, wild, and lively, we can train him to our will in a very short time, for they ai-o gen- 37 lat, or come Ing to break receipts for ^ivo him, of ce "Nybicli has to breaking , is that true latural state rence. Con- )ur horse in Leal process, ar meaning, )rse is wild, pisture, drive 1, and make Smith's plan ring him up where you ) to the pas- y," he obeys L no -further u, and we arc ting the sys- one need go I, in handling different dis- 3ry one who of horseman- 5 that is high train him to hey ai*o gen- erally quick to le^¥n, and always ready to obey. But there is another kind that are of a stubborn or vicious disposition, and although they arc not wild, requiring no taming in the sense that is generally under^itood, they are just as ignorant as a wild horse, if not more so, ^ and need to be educated just as much. And in order to liAve them obey quickly, it is necessary that they should be made to fear their .masters; for in order to obtain perfect obedience from hny hoi'se we must first bave him fear us, for our motto is, " fear, love, and obey;'* and we must have the fulfilment of the first two before wo can expect the latter ; and it is by our philosophy of creating fear, love, and confidence, that we govern to'our will any kind of a horse whatever. . Then in order to take horses as we find them, or more particularly if they are of a stubborn or mulish disposition—if he lays back his ears as you approach him, or turns his heels to kick you he has not that regard or fear of man tliat he should have to enable you to handle him quickly and easily. In such cases give him a few sharp cuts with the whip about the legs, pretty close to the body. It will crack k^en as it plies around his legs, dtid the crack of the whip will affect him as much as the stroke. Beside, one sharp cut about the legs will affect him more than two or three over the back, the skin or inner part of his legs, or about his flank, being thinner or more tender than on his back. But do not whip hin> much— just enough to scare him. It is not because wo want to hurt the horse that we whip him ; wo-only do it to scare ^fi 17 r'fk tl '■1 r* 1 1 1 BTn in l 38 tho bad disposition out of him. But whatever you do, do quickly^ shai^ply, aiid with a good deal pf fJro, but .always without anger. If you are going to scare him at all, you must do it at once; never go into a pitched battle with your horse, and, whip him until he is mad, and will fight you. You had better not touch him at all ; for you will establish, instead of feai* and regard, a feeling o^ resentment, hatred, and ill-will. It wiU do Jhim no good but an injury, to strike a blow, unless you can scare him ; but if you suc- ceed in scaring him you can whip him without making hipi mad, for fear and anger never exist together in the horse ; and as soon as one is visible, you will find that the other has dis- appeared. As soon as you have frightened him so thai he will stand up straight, and pay some attention to you, approach him again, and caress him a good deal more than you have whipped him ; then you Will Excite two controlling pas- sions of hi^ nature^ovo and fear — and then he will fear and love you too, arid, as soon as ho learns what to do, he will (^uickiy obey. Now, dear reader, with th 086 remarks upon the principles of our theorj^, we have endeavored to teach you how to put .them in practice. And all of the instructions written, you may rely on as having been proven practically by our own experiments ; and knowing from expe- rience just what obstacles we have met with in handling bad horses, we have tried to anticipate them for your good, and assist you in surmount- ing them, by commencing with the first steps taken with the colt, and accompanying you +ocil^ rt^ r^l«Aolr1nn(■ 39 whatever h a good If you b do it at vith your and will lim at all ; [id regard, l-will. It • strike a P you buc- i without jeT never )n as ono • has dis- ened him pay some and caress whipped lling pas- 1 then h6 )on as ho 7- irks upon ndeavor^d practice. you may tically by rom expe- rt with in anticipate surmount- first steps ON SHOEING. -•-♦-^ iying you The period when the shoe began to be nailed to the horse is uncertain. William, the Norman introduced it into England. Far more than is imagined do the conifort rnd health of the horse with the safety of the rider, depend upon shoeing. In taking off the old shoe the clinches of the nails should always be carefully i*aised, or filed off, and where the foot is tender, or the horse is to be examined for lameness, each nail should be partly punched out. The edges of the crust are then to be rasped, to detect whether any stubs remain in the n^il holes, and to remove the crust into which dirt and gravel have insinuated themselves. Next comes the important process of paring out, with regard to which it is almost impossible to lay down any specific rules. It is, however, undoubted that far more injury has been done by the neglect of paring, than By carrying it to too great an extent. The act of paring is a work of much more labor than the proprietor of the horse often imagines. The smith, unless he is overlooked, will frequently give himself as little trouble about it as he can, and that portion of the horn which in the ui^shod foot would be worn s^way by contact with the ground is suffered to accumulate month after mrvnfli nn+il +lia /^loa+inifTr /-wPfVirk a/^l/i ia Hno+v/iTrorl 40 it can no longer descend, its other functions are impeded, and foundation is laid for corn or con- traction, and navicular disease, inflammation. That portion of horn should be left on the foot which will defend the internal parts from being bruised, and yet suffer the external sole to descend. How is this to be ascertained ? The strong pressure of the thumb of the smith will be the best guide— the buttress, that most de- structive of all instruments, being, except on very particulai* occasions, banished from every respectable forge. The smith sets to work with his drawing knife, and removes the growth ot horn until the sole will yield,^ although in the slightest possible degree, to the strong pressure of his thumb. The proper thickness of corn will then remain. The quantity of horn to be re- moved in order to have the proper degree of thickness will vary with different feet. From the strong foot a great deal must be taken. Froni the concave foot the horn may be removed until the sole will yield to a moderate pressure. From the flat foot little need be pared, while the pum- iced foot should be deprived of nothing but the ragged parts. The crust should be reduced to a perfect level all round, but left a little higher than the sole, or the sole will be bruised by its pressure on the edge of the seating. The heels will require considerable attention. From the stress which is thrown on the inner heel, and from the weakness of the quarter there, the horn usually wears away considerably faster than it would on the outer one, and if an equal portion - - rtnt.Arl frf^m it, [t WOUld VQ Icft ilv/i. li .1 nCtions are 3rn or con- la mm ation. )n the foot from being lal sole to med ? The smith will it most de- , except on from every work with 1 gi»owth of mgh in the ng pressure 3 of corn will ni to be re- r degree of 'eet. From aken. From jmoved until 3sure. From lile the pum- ling but the reduced to a little higher uised by its The ifieels From the er heel, and lere, the horn aster than it iqual portion rould m left 41 low^er than the outer heel. The smith should therefore accommodate his paring to the compara- tive wear of the heels, and be exceedingly care- ful to have them precisely level. The position of the heels between the inflection of the bar and the frog should scarcely be touched— at best the ragged and detached parts alone should bo cut away. The foot may not look so fair and open, but it wnll last longer without contraction. The bar likewise should be left fully prominent, (never allow the smith to cut away the bar, or frog, of the foot), npt only at its frst inflection, but as it runs down the side of the frog. The heel of the shoe is designed to l-est partly on the heel of the foot, and partly on the bar, for reasons that have been already stated. If the bar is w^eak, the growth of it should be encour- aged, and it should .be scarcely touched when the horse is shod, unless it has attained a level with the crust. It has been argued by many that the horn between the crust and the bar should be carefully pared out, and by so doing give relief to the animal lame with corns. If a little spring is given to the heel of the shoe it gives relief; also the practice of weakening the crust of the foot where it is so much needed. ''i\fii' ■ ■ We will give you some idea of the young and healthy foot. Approaching nearly to a circle, and of which the quarters form the widest part> it is just aa wide as it is long. But wo are sony to say that this shape is not long preserved in many horses ; but the foot increases in length, and narrows in the quarters, and more particu- larly at the heel, and the frog is diminished in 42 width, tho Bole becomes more 'concave, and the heels higher, and lameness, or at least a shorte:> ed and feeling action, ensueF. It must be premised that there is a great dea more horror of contracted heels than there is occasion for. Many persons reject a horse at once if the quarters are wiring in, but the fact is that although this is an unatural form of the hoof, it is slow of growth, and rature kindly makes that provision for tho slowly altered fom of the hoof which she does in similiar cases— she accommodates the part to the cliange in form. As the hoof draws in, the parts beneath, and particularly the coffin-bone, especially the heels of that bone, diminish ; or, after all, it is more a change of form than of capacity. As the foot lengthens in proportion as it narrows, so does the coffin-bone, and it is as perfectly adjusted as it was before to the box in which it is placed. Its lamina) ai-e in as intimate and perfect- union with those of the crust as before the hoof had begun to change. On this account it is that many horses with very contracted feet are perfectly sound, ai^d no horse should be rejected merely because he has contraction. He should undoubtedly be examined more carefully, and with considerable suspicion ; but if he has good action, and is other- wise unexceptionable, there is is no reason that the purchase should not be made. A horse with contracted feet, if he goes sound, is better than another with open but weak heels. There is nothing in the appearance of the feet which would enable us to decide when couttae- e, and tho t a shorten- , groat dea an there is a horse at it the fact is brm of the Lure kindly iltered form r cases — she ge in form, eneath, and [y the heels it is more a As the foot ws, so does ' adjusted as s placed. Its t- union with f had begun many horses '•ctly sound, L-ely because ioubtedly be considerable and is other- ) reason that A hoTse with I better than ce of the feet hen. contr«G- 43 tion is or is not destructive to the usefulness* His manner of going, and his capacity for Work> must be our guides. Lameness usually accompa nies the beginning of cpntrifiction ; it is invaria- bly the attendant of rapid contraction, but it does not always exist when the wiring in is slow, or of long standing. Experience has taught us t© believe that contraction in the majority of cases is in consequence of bad shoeing. The young and healthy foot, before shoeing, ap- proaches nearly to a circle, of which the quarters form the widest part, and the inner quarter rather wider than the outer. But we are sorry to say this shape is not long preserved in many horses^-^and why ? In the first place the major- ity of smiths forge the shoe in a way calculated to contract the foot at every step. The shoe is turned witu each side almost straight, upper side concave, with heels projecting outward, causing the crust of thp heel to turn undier, and contrac- tion follows. The shoe should be turned as round as the foot will adinit of, leaving the upper side perfectly level forward of the quarters ; from the nail holes back to the heel, on each side leave the outside the lowest, so if you should place a rule across the heel on the upper side of the shoe it would rest upon the inside corner, but would not touch the outer by one eighth cf an inch. But if by so doing the inside corner of the heel should rest against the frog, by the use of a cold chisel the inside corner of the heel can be removed, and all will be clear. No doubt you eee the ad- vaiitage of having a horse with centracted ffeet J j.± - . A -1 -.Z>j.l 1\. &^iUU Ui Xtliikh Uiiilivcril / I I III * i I '1 ■■* )' HI m t I - 44 will have a tondeacy to expand the quarters at every 8tep. •.!5h-' ■ : - 'Clips. ' Those m^ portion^ of the upper edge of the shoe hammered oiit, and turned up so as to em- brace the lower part of the crust, whioK is ueiually pared out a little iu order to receive the clip They are very useful as more securely attaching the' shoe to the foot, and relieving the ci'Ui^t from ithat stress upon the nails which would otherwise be injurious. A clip at the toe is almost nece?«ary in every ease, and absolutely so in the horse of heavy draught, in order to prevent the shoe being loosened by the j^ressure thrown upon upon it in the act of drawing. 'Vi u ...i^^Jii^/^ )>' rtf'r: '}'.*',> •>. J)J:V'> -l^^-' "''■'" iii .n OiU )1 Vbe Hind §lioe. ' Jn fbrming the hind shoos it should be'rQmem- bered: tta^ the hind limbs are the principal in- truments in progression, and that i a every act ot progression, except the walk, the toe is the point an which the whole frame of the ai.imal turns, audi from which it is propelled. This part, then, should be strengthened as much as possible, and thei:efo're the hinder shoes should be clipped on eacii side as well as at the. toe. To Prevent Overreacliiiig, or Kllcklag. Shoe your horse heavy forward—two pound aarters at dge of the as to em- , which is L'oceive the •e securely lioving the hich would oe is almost ly so in the prevent the iii'ownupon Iff \ be r^mem- )riiicipal in- every act of J is the point .imal turns, is part, then, possible, and t clipped on Klickliig. —two pound 46 g^oo—making the hocl of the shoo twice the thickness of the toe. The hind shoe made short, narrow web, and very light, with toe twice the thickness of the heel. Placing the heavy shoos to the. forward feet will cause him to lift his feet with moreenergy ; also the heel of his forward feet, and the too of tho hind feet, will so reverse the action that in the majority of ct^ses they will travel clear. Intcrferius with tlie Hind Feet. .• I t^Muk we can safely say that more than half of the horses now in use are animals that cut their ankles, and it is a great objection. A horse of that kind is rejected by many dealers, but we argue that if they are properly shod the cause can be removed. The habit that smiths in gen- eral have of leaving the inside of the shoe twice the thickness of the outer side is all wrong. The shoe should be narrow web, and very light, each side of the same thickness. The toe calk should be welded to the toe one-half inch inside of the center, leaving the inside of said calk thf high- est. Heel calks the same height. By so doing the outside of the shoe is one inch longer than the inside. It is now necessary to pare the out- side of the foot the lowest. Your shoe is now made fast to the foot with five nails, three on the outside, two on the inner ; also three clips, one at the toe, and one at each side. Interfering witli Foi ward Feet. we nave Knuvvn viuiuiuiu liuiBvD, m.uu xa^v vivv- 46 ting horses, to cut their ankles inside of the leg, and quite often the knee — and badly, too---with the shoe of the opposite foot, and we think the plan we adopt a good one. • The outer web of the shoo should be narrow and light, the inside wide and heavy, with the outside of the hoof pared the lowect. When all other plans have failed this has proved effectual. > A bar shoe is often exceedingly useful. It is the continuation of the common shoe around the heels, and by means of it the pressure may be taken off from some tender part of the foot, and thrown ifpon another, which is better able to bear it ; or more widely and equally diffused over the whole foot. It is resorted to in cases Of corns, pumiced feet, sand crack, cracked quarter, &c. in such cases the bar shoe can be used to advantage, but it should be loft off as soon as it can be dispensed with. Tbe Trotting Horse. * Yery many sporting men have an idea that trotting horses should be shod very light for- ward, but we assure you that is entirely wrong. A trotting horse should in all cases wear heavy shoes forward, and very light ones upon the hind feet. A trotting horse should wear a forward _i_ _jC» „^i. l^,.r^ -..^^1 /^U-l- +l-«n-K» +TTTi-v «-»r»/-l rkr>ia_nnlT biiUU \Ji n'Oh iKjaa wxjuliiv Lii<^ii aww i*"vt vi^v iir.-..* pounds, with hind shoes of about eight ounces B of tho leg, r, too^with think the r web of the inside wide hoof pared have failed if each. By so doing ho will handle liimsolf just as different as you could conceive of. His knee action will be improved, and his stride length- ened. Give it a fair trial, and youjwill bo satisfied we are correct. >-♦♦♦^- seful. it is 3 around the ure may be he foot, and tter able to liffusedover in cases of iked quarter, n be used to ,s soon as it an idea that L*y light for- irely wrong, wear heavy ipon the hind 0.* a forward onrl rkr>/a_ no It eight ounces TEACHING TRICKS. As many of our readers may wish to know how to teach their horses trieWs, wo will explain how it may be done. Teaching a young horse a few tricks greatly serves to keep up an interest in him; and makes him appear intelligent, fear- less, and affectionate. In teaching your horse to perform tricks, it is best to give him one or two lessons of half or three-quarters of an hour each, daily. To Come at the CracU of tlie Whip, or at the Word of Commaud. AsTor halter-breaking, catching in pasture, and t\\e like. To Make a Mow. Take a pin in your right hand, betweon the I l!''!i 48 thumb and forotingcr, and (>tand before, but a little to the left, of your horee. Then prick him on the breast very lightly, as if a fly bittng, which to relieve he will bring down his head, which you will accept as yes, and for which you will reward by caressing and feeding him with a little apple, a few kernels of corn, or oats. Then repeat, and so continue until he brings his head down the moment he sees the least mo- tion of your hand towards his breast ; or substi- tute some signal which he will understand readily To Nay Xo. Stand by your horse near the shoulder, hold- ing the same pin in your hand, with which prick him lightly on the withers, and to drive away which he will shake his head. You then caress him as before, and so repeat, until he will shake his head at the least indication of your touching him with the pin. You can train your horse so nicely in this way in a short time as to cause him to shako his head, or bow, by merely turning the hand a little, or moving it slightly towards him. To lAe I>own, To teach a horse how to do this trick quickly, you must lay him down two or three times, or as often as you will find necessary to make him understand your object. If an old horse, strap the near for~e leg up to the arm, then take your little strap, previouBly used to hamper your colt bro, but a I yjrickhim fly biting, \ his head, ' which you him with n, or oats. he brings le least mo- ; or substi- and readily ulder, hold- vvhich prick drive away then caress e will shake ur touching 3ur horse so as to cause rely turning tlv towards •ick quickly, ce times, or make him horse, strap n take your )er your colt 49 with, and place over the back and strap around the off fore leg, below the fetlock. Then take the bridle rein firmly in your left hand, about eighteen inches fi. ;i the head, and pull upon it a little towards you. The moment he steps, pull upon the strap oyer the body, which will bring the horse on his knfees. Hold him quietly at tlie same time talking to him gently. When he spiings, pull sharply with the left hand, and the same instant pull down with the right, which will swing him around you, and prevent hjs rising high enough to injure his knees by the momentum of the body coming down. By being gentle, the horse will usually lie down in a short time. When down, trea;t your hovse with the greatest attention and kindness. After holding him down ten or fifteen minutes, perniit him to get up. Kepeat this lesson until he will come down readily. Then use only the strap over the back, whicU have on the near foot, and bring him on his knees gently, when he will soon lie down. When he will come on his knees readily by takiug up the foot in this way, take up the foot with the hand, asking him to lio down. He will soon come down. When he will come on his knees readily by taking up the foot with the hand, simply stoop, as if intending to take it up, saying, " lie down, sir." Then make him come down by a motion- of the hana, and finally by telling him to lie down. If a colt, nse but the single strap over the body at first, which will cause him to come on his knees. In. teaching a horse to lio down— be gentle, caress, and reward him for lying down, and lilitj 50 your horse, comprehending what you want, and finding himself paid for compliance, will soon be as anxious to get down for the reward m yov are to have him. To Sit Up. When your horse will lie down rertdily, you can then easily teach him to sit up like a dog. If young, and not very 'heavy and strong, you can easily prevent his getting up, without tying down, r'rst cause him to lie' down, having on him a c( imon bridle, with the reins oVer the neck, then step behind him, and place the right foot firmly upon the tail, the reins in your hands. Then say, "getup, sir." The horse, rising from a recumbent position, first upon his belly, throws out his forward feet, and raises himself upon them, springs forward, and rses on his hind feet. Now, standing upon his lail firmly, and pulling back upon the reins when he attempts to spring forward and up, will prevent his doing so, and^you hold him sitting up. Hold him firmly a few seconds, talking to him kindly, before permitting him to rise on his feet. Eepeat a few times, when, instead' of springing up, he will sit on his haunches a short time, which you are to dccept as complying with your wishes. Always say. '' sit up, ^ir," every time, and hold him in the position as long as ho will bear, by fondling him, and feeding him from the hand with something he likes, and youi horse will learn to sit up for you as >jng as yOti please. ^' \'y want, and will Boon ard as yov jldily, you iko a dog. brong, you ihout tying having on s over the e the right IS in your The horse, t upon his and raises , and r ses on his tail ins when he rill prevent sitting up. ing to him »_on his feet. f springing short time, g with your every time, as ho will ; him from , and youi l-jng as yOi/ 51 But if your horse is heavy and strong, it will be necessary to resort to other means to hold him down at first. This you do by putting on his neok a common callar, and causing him to lie down. Then fasten a piece of rope, or a rein, to each hind foot, and bring forward through the collar, and drav up close, which will bring the hind feet well forward- Th^ step behind, as before, and when he attempts to rise on bis hind feet he finds it impossible to do so, because yort hold them firmly with those straps. Eepeat two, or three times, when itmW not bo noc^Q^ary to resort to such forqe. , : ... ■ i^ ' ' i >»■ ' }' 'ir^ TencU ^Hortfte to Ki«» Youit 'iiil Teiach him first to take an apple out of' your hand. Then gradually raise the hand nearer the mouth, at each repetitio|:i, until you rec[uire him to take It from your mouth, holding it with the hand, telling him at ihe same time to kiss yoiT. Ho will soon learn to reach upi his nose to your mouth ; first to get his aj)ple, but fins^lly because commanded to do so. Simply repeat until your horse und erstands the trick thoroughly. To Hhake Ilalnds. ■ Tie a short strap, or piece of cord, to the foi^ ward foot, below the fetlock. Stand directly before the horse, holding the end of this strap or cord in your hand, then say, *• shake hands, sir," and, immediately after commanding him 52 to do so, pull upon the Btrap, whiclr will bring hia foot forward, and which you are to accept as shaking hands, thanking bim for it by caressing and feeding. And so repeat, until when you make the demand he will bring the foot forward in anticipation of having it pulled up. i Thi.s is a ver}^ easy tripk to teach a horce. , By a little practice a horse may be easily trained to approach, make a bow, shake hands, and folio w like a dog, lie down, sit up, apd the like, which makers him appear both polite and intelligent. f^^ Never lose courage, or confidence in your ability, because you may hot bring about good results easily. To accomplish anything of im- ])ortance, remember, requires no ordinaiy reso- lution, and per^verance. There would be no credit, or importance, attached to mastering and managing bid horses, if riot difficult, and appar- ently dangerous. No duty requires more firm- ness of purpose in the control of the passion's, or more fiaeiit}^ to the principles of firmness and truth, than that of horsemanship. ^ If you would really be a successful horseman you must nev^r seem to forget, by your conduct, that you are a man, and that your real superiority ove/the animal consists in the prudent exercise of your reasoning powers. Brute force is not your forte' and the instant that you give way to - passion your reason must yield to the control of blind instinct, and you at once abdicate your intellectual superiority over the animal. Try to prove, by ttie example of your action in the performance of the duty, that to be a good horseman requires higher qualifications of fit- will bring to accept as >y caressing when you bot forward [). Tills is By a little trained to and follow lilve, which itelligenl. tce in your about good hing of im- iinaiy reso- ^ould be no xstering and , and appar- ? more lirm- passioris, or rmness and il horseman our conduct, I super iority ent exercise force is not give way to le control of )dicate your limal. Try 3lion in the t be a good itions of fit> 53 ness than that of the huckstering dishonesty, and depravity, so generally evinced in the con- duct of those claiming the distinction. ___ >. ^^^ ■.4 ■ — ' ■• \ How to tell a Horse^s Age. u At two years old, Colt sheds two centre nipper At three years oM, Colt sheds the adjoining teeth. ,j^ At four years old, Colt sheds outer or corner teeth. -■-'^•- ' '>2^ •■ ■' >i ■ .^>;;. A^ five years old, bridle tooth is up, and six years cups leave two centre teeth below. At seven years old, cups leave adjoining teeth. At eight years old, cups leave outer or corner teeth.' ' ' !' A,t nine years old, cups' leave twQ centre nippers above. . . At ten years old, cups leave adjoining teeth. At eleven years old, cups leave corner uppea- teeth. ;""'*- At twelve years old, or past, groove on. inside of bridle tooth disappoar^ in horses. Mares very seldom have them, and when they do they are no criterion to be guided by. Mm^ u ji: ■f" iX- I ' JOCKEY TRICKS. How to make a horse appear like he was badly foundered. — Take a fine wire and fasten tight around fejtlock, betjvyeen foot and heel, and smoothiteir ovfer it li Iti tkentyj^nilJ^tes horse will show lame. Dp not leave it on over nine hours. . I . . . To make horse Ifipie, — Take a single hair from the tail, put it through the eye of a needle, lift front fore leg, and press the skin between the outer and middle tendon or cord, shove the needle through, cut the hair off on each side, and let the foot down ; horK# will gp l%me in twisty minutes. /., .,+ .. How to make a hot^se stand hyhis, food,, a^d not take it. — 'Grease the front teeth, and the roof of the mouth, with common beef tallow, and he will not eat till you wash it out. This, in conjunction with the above, will consummate a complete founder. ' How to cure a horse of the^ crib^ or 8ucking Wind. — Saw between the uppor teeth to the gunis. £[(fw to put a young countenance on a horse.- — Make a small incission in the sunken place over the eye ; insert the end of a goose-quill, and blow it up; close the externAl wound with £ •* vyith your whip, or force him to think he will be at all injured, until he will stand and suffer you to approach him. As soon as this is accomplished, gently tie a rope around his body, near the shoulders, rather loosel}'. Then take another rope or strap and gently fasten one end to the near forward, foot, then pass the oth^r end over the rope, or surcingle, beneath the body. . . This rope should be suffi- ciently long to allow him torun to the end of the enclosure without your moving, at the same time you are holding to the rope sufficiently firm to compel him to move on three legs. Then approach him again quietly ; he will not run off in this way but a few times before he lully comprehends he will not be in- jured, when he will suffer you to approach and handle him just as you please. Now take a 1 1 snori noiu oi ine siriip wiuiyuiu ix;!*- iiiiu-a,jvw- WELL. the ivblp. r sir yai*d, en npru'oacli ms r not be le end of the ly, as before, this way six op him with e will be at suffer you to ccomplished, y, near the Dake another le end to the the oth^r ^le, beneath d be suiR- run to the )ur moving, to the rope to move on ;ain quietly ; a few times 11 not be in- pproach and Now take a 5t whip in the right, which pass over his shoulders and quietly touch him on the off side of the head, at the same time saying "haw," and con- tinue this until he moves his head a little to- wards you. Then stop and caress him upon and about the neck and head. Eepeat this until he will haw around towards you. If he attempts to run from you, pull upon the strap, saying <'whoa," and at the same time hitting him lightly upon the head with the whip. As soon as he learns in this way to stop at the word of command, and comes toward you readily, take off the strap and surcingle, and turn him out. Then take the mate, and give him the same course of treatment until you can accomplish with him a like result. Then turn him out. By this time the first steer is cool, and rested, ready to receive another lesson. Now drive him into the enclosure, and repeat his lesson with the whip. Then quietly touching him gently upon the near side of the head, at the same time say- ing 'Sgee " until he will step around fropa you, then caress, and repeat until he willgee or haw readily. Then repeat the same lesson with his mate, which is all that is necessary to be done the first half day. Then take both together in the same room, or yard, and repeat the lessons until they have a thorough understanding of what you have done. Then take one of them near the';,wall, standing by his side, hitting with your wJiip gently over the head, at the same saying " back," until he will step back, for which caress. Eepeat this until he will go back at the word readily. Then give the other steer / 5S the sHme lesson. You will find this course of training will make your steers quite obedient, and willing to haw, gee, or back, which will be all that you should require of them in one day's time. Ti:e next morning, or when you have time, repeat this lesson with both together. Then place the yoke upon them, and let them go for an hour or two, or sufficiently long to become fuily reconciled to the restraint of the yoke. Then repeat your lessons in open yard, until they fully understand what you require of them yoked together. • '' This course of training does not excite, while it conveys the idea most clearly of what i« required, and will enable the trainer to accom- plish more in a given time than has yet been done by any other system of managing steers. If your steers have learned to run away from you which is a common result of the ordinary method of training, put on the rope, and strap, to the foot. If hitched to a wagon, or stone load, let your man hold the foot strap, which run back between the steers, and the moment they attempt to run he pulls up their feet, while you whip over the head, which will stop them immediately, and will very soon break up the habit. 59 lis course of ito obedient, hich will be . in one day's 3n you have )th together, ind let them intly long to (traint of the n open yard, ou require of excite, ^yhile y of what ifi ler to acGom- has yet been 1 aging steers, n away from the ordinary pe, and strap, gon, or stone strap, which I the moment eir feet, while rill stop them break up the TUBF CALJEKDEn. Flora Temple, the fastest trotting horse in the world, was sired by One JEyed Ifimter ', the pedi- gree of her dam is not known. Flora is now twenty years old, June, 1865; 1^ 0W,hod by A. Welch, Esq^.^ of Chestnut Hills, Philadelphia ; her best time Svas made at Kalamazoo, October 15th, 1850, a full mile in 2 min. 19 3-4 sec,, which is the best time ever made by a trotting horse. She beat Gieo. M. Batchen, on the Union Course, in 2.21; she beat Ethan Allen, and mate, iu 2.20 1-2: Geo. M. Patchen ti-otted under the saddle, on Union Course, Nov. 21, 1859, in 2.2i. Brown Dick beat Patchen in 2.25 1-4. Ethan Allen best time, single, was 2.25 1-2 ; trotted with a running mute, Sept. 5, 1861, on Fashion Course, in 2.19 3-4. The fastest time on record for a three ytjars old Was made by Corctj in 2.37 3-4. Gen. Butler's best time was 2.21. Dexter beat him three straight heats, on the Fashion Course, Sept. 7, 1865 ; 2.26 1-2, 2.24 1-2, 2.22 1-2. Toronto Chief beat Yanderbilt, on the Fashion Coui-se, Sept. 9, 1855, in 2.23, 2.27, 2.27 3-4; Yanderbilt trotted one heatili 2.27 3-4. The fastest running time on record, for a single' mile, w^as made at Cincinnati, by Legal Tender, 1 min. 44 sec. The best time ever made in Eng- land is 1.39, made by Gladntor.^ It is said that Bay Mlddleton ran the same mile in L36, but there is no record of such time. Brown Dick made the best time for three mile heats, in 5.28. Pocahontas paced a full mile in 2.17 1-2,. which +u^ K 00 1 1 U jjl w il . iiiiii \.rvv The Old English Mysterious Horse Farrier. Otters his valuable work on the Horse to the I citizens of this country— all comprised in this one copy of 78 receipts. The old Doctor has had foity year^ practice in the difterent diseases of the horse, and his success has induced him to| offer the result of his experience to the public. '■> ' * 'No. 1 . Vistula and Poll Evil before breakikg. — Eowel from the bottom to the top of the swell- ing with tape, wet the tape with tincture can- tharides every third day. Move the rowels every morning, washing them c ean with soap and water. Leave them in until the swelling has gone down, then draw out, and the cure, is performed. Bleed one gallon when the opera- tion is performed. No. 2. After breaking. —Bow el from the top of the pipe down through the pipe, then bleed and annoint the rowels with Blue Ointment every day until it runs a bloody matter, i his is never known to 'fail. • l\o. 3. Htue Uinimenu — xniio ii»ii «■- v-^"--- - verdigris, one ounce of blue vitriol, foui- ounces 41 'arrier. loRSE to the prised in this 1 Doctor has erent diseases id need him to| ) the public. eforebreaJdng. )p of the swell- tincture can- re the rowels 3an with soap L the swelling id the cure is len the opora- from the top )e, then bleed, 31ue Ointment matter. This iol, foui- ounces 61 of ointment of rosin, one ounce of spirits of tur- pentine, grind all line, mix well 'th one pound of lard, and it is fit for use. Common rosin will do if the ointment is not convenient. M, 4. The Hooks, or Weak JiJ/ca.-^Kowol in the jaw, or under the eyes, then bleed. Apply the eye lotion every third day with a feather. Move the rowels every morning. Leave them in for fifteen or twenty days ; feed on corn. No. 5. Eije Lotion.— TBko one pint of linseed oil, add two ounces of gum camphor, one ounce of ether. Shake it well and it is tit for use. This cures all weak eyes that are curabH M. 6. Spavin and Bingioonn Ointynent— Take two ounces cantharides, one ounce gum ophor- boum, two ounces turpentine, one ounce tinc- ture of iodine, and three drachms corrosive sub- limate. Grind all fine and mix with two pounds of lard. No. 7. Hoof Bound.— H&YG the horse shod with shoes narrow at the heel. Have them made with calks one inch long, flaring out from bot- tom to top. Use the hoof ointment every, third day. / No. 8. Hoof Ointinent.—TakQ half-a^poutid of lard and four ounces of rosin. Heat over a slow fire until melted ; take the pot off the fire, add one ounce of pulverized verdigris, stir well to prevent it running over. When partly cool add +W0 ounces turpentine. Apply it from the hair down oTie«inoh.^ Work the"h©rse all the time. iP^" J 02 No. a. Big X6<7.--Apply tho Liquid Blister evwy third hotir until it blisters. In throe days- m-easotho leg with linseed oil. lu six^days wash it clean with soap and water. Ecpoat every six days until the swelling goes down, it there should be any callous left, apply the spa- vin ointment. iVo. 10. Liquid Blister.— Tako a half pint of linseed oil, one pint spirits turpentine, and four ounces aqua ammonia ; shake well and it is lit for use. Apply every thii-d hour until it blisters. "Ml it Hoof Evil, or TAmA.~-Physic and bleed, then poultice the foot with boiled turnips. Eenew every twenty-four hours for three times, then apply the blue ointment every third day, merely annointing the sore parts. AVasli clean before applying ] keep the horse out of the mua and wet This will never fail to cure in foui-oi* five weeks. ' No 12. Founder.— Bleed in the nock until the horse staggers, or falls down. Turn up his feet andiiU them with boiling laixl. Give him a physic ball and foment his legs with hot water every five or six hours. Give him a mash of scalded bran. This will cure in twenty-four hours. No. 13. Lung Fever. —Symi^toms : The horse is taken suddenly ill, either after being taken from the stable or on returning to it. He gives €ividence of pain by looking around at his side. He uev^i' ^tt'C^*^ ^ ^^y dowii; his tiostrus are distended ; he breathes h^rd ; his chest is sore, 63 aid Blister throo days • 1 bIx day» i*. Ecpoat s down. If [y the spa- alf pint of 0, and four and it is lit I it blisters. Physic and iled turnips, three times, third day, AVash clean i of the mud re in four or » )ck until the [1 up his feet jive him a h hot water L a mash of twenty-four ; The liorse being taken fc. He gives at his side. host is sore, or over his lungs ; ho cannot bear you to press your hand hard on his chest, and appears to be very dry but cannot drink. CuRE.—Bleed three gallons. Take one ounce of lavender, two ounces spirits nitre, half pint water, drench him. Repeat every four hours until better. Blanket him as warm as possible. Then apply the Liquid^ Blister all over the chest opposite the lungs every third hour until it blisters. If he is not better in six hours repeat the bleeding, and inject with the following clyster : half gallon warm water, half pint lin- seed oil, and a small handfulof salt. Never physic, or he will die. Ko. 14. Button JP'arci/.— Symptons : swelled legs and running sores on the legs. Cure.— Bleed largely, then physic. Then give the following ball, or pills, in forty-eight hours after the physic has operated. Take two ounces gentian, and four ounces of ginger. Make this in a paste, with honey or molasses. Divide it into ten parts, add to each part ten grains arsenic. EoU it in paper, and give one morning and evening until it physics or makes him slob- ber, then omit, and give him one ounce of laudanam. Feed on green or light food. Wash the sores clean, and apply the Blue Ointment every other day. If there should be any swell- ing left in the legs, apply the general liniment every day or two. No. 15. Water Farcy.— Symptom : The horse is dull and loses nis appotite, anu &wcii3 SiOng the body or chest, and between the fore legs. ( 64 Cure.— Bowel in the broaet, and along each side of chest as far as the swelling goes. Leave the rowels in until the swelling goes down, (rive a spoonful of cleansing powders morning and night. No 16. Nazal Gleet, or running at the nose, or to dry up distemper. Take half a pound of alum, half a pound of rosjn, half a pound ^ofblue vitriol, four ounces of ginger, and enough fenu- greek to scent. Grind all fine, ^^^i^^ the horse a spoonful two or three times a day. This will cure all discharges or distempers, if not glanders No. 17. Chronic Cough.— TiikQ powdered sqills one ounce, ginger two ounces, cream of- tartar one ounce, mix well, and give a spoon tul every morning and evening in wet bran. inis is ffood after hard riding and driving. It cures all coughs and colds, and will prevent tae lungs from swelling. -d •> . No. 18. Cleansing Powders.— Take of ginger two ounces, four ounces fenugreek, one ounce ' black antimony, and two ounces rhubarb, brind all fine and mix it well, and it is fit for use. (xive a large spoonful morning and night. This is the best condition powder ever used. It gives a good appetite and fine coat, and life to thQ animal. No 19. Fits.— ymptons: The horse com- mences jerking his head and falls down, in a short time he will get up and is apparently well. Cure.— Give two ounces of the tincture of ooafm+iHa AVArv morninsr for tea days. Tie the long each es. Leave )wn. Give riling ,t the nose, a pound of and of blue ough fenu- 3 the horse This will 3t glanders powdered , cream of* a spoonful ran. This ;. It cures it the lungs of ginger one ounce arb. Grind • use. Give b. This is It gives life to the horse corn- down, in a irently well. tincture of ys. Tie the 65 gum on his bit, and make him wear it for six or eight days. He will never have after the iirst dose. No. 20. Jaundice Yeltow TFaifgr.— Symptons : The hair in the mane and tail gets loose, the white of his eyes turn yellow, and the bars of his mouth ; he . efuses to eat, and limps in his right fore leg generally. Cure. — Physic, but never bleed; then every morning give him one drachm of calomel in one ounce of spirits of camphor, for eight or ten days; also give him a dose of the cleansing powders every night. This is a sure cure. No, 21. Nicking i?a?sam."~Take a half pound of fresh butter, add to this one ounce oil oran- o-um, and half an ounce of the tincture of iodine. Mix well, and it is fit for use. This is used on the tail after nicking, and on bruises, saddle galls, corks, and all kinds of sprains and rheu- matism. ^ * No. 22. Thumps,or Palpitation of the Heart. Symptons: The horse is almost exhausted, breathing is very hard. The difference between thumps and lung fever is in the distress of the heart, which yo J may hear flutter at the dis- tance of twenty feet. CuRE.—Bleed largely, and it will suddenly stop. Dissolve one drachm of nitre and a large spoonful of salt in a half pint of water. Drench every six hours for three times. Do not work the horse for a week. , No. 23. Shoulder Jam, or Siveeney. —'Ho^yol 3 / ^ 60 from the top of shoulder blade down, as affected. Put in a few drops tincture cantharides every third day. Move the rowels every day, keeping them clean with soap and water. Keep them in from twenty to thirty days, and the cure is performed. No. 24. Stoppage of the ZJrme.— Symptoms : Frequent attempts to urinate, looking round at his sides, lying down, rolling, and stretching. Cure.— Take a half pound of hops, three drachms of camphor, grind, and mix. Make this into three pills. Give one every day with drench made of a small teaspoonful of saltpetre and two ounces of water. This will generally cure. Ko. 25. Physic Ball— Take two ounces aloes, one ounce turpentine, and an ounce of flour. Make into paste with a few drops of water, wrap in paper, and give with a bailing iron. Ko 26. To Eemove Warts.— Cut them out by the roots, and if they bleed much, disolve one crain of nitrate of silver in two ounces of water, bathe, and it will stop immediately. Then apply the him ointment every day until it heals. No. 27. Inflamation of the Kidneys.— Sjmi^ toms : The horse is weak across the back, and passes urine very often, which is very highly colored. Cure.— Bleed one ^lon, then blister across the kidneys and giv^ the foltowing powder ; Two «^a w»oin nnA ouncG of hellebore, one ounce gentian, mix, and apply the general liniment. as affected, ides every ly, keeping Seep them :he cure is Symptoms : g round at retching. lops, three nix. Make ■f day with of saltpetre 1 generally unces aloes, ce of flour, water, wrap »n. hem out by disolve one jes of water, Then apply b heals. lei/s.—Symp- e back, and very highly )lister across )owder ; Two e, one ounce I liniment 67 No. 28. Stifle Spraim.—li it has never been out of place, bleed two gallons, then phj'-sic, and bathe with hot water every twenty-four hours, and apply the general liniment ; this will cm-e all cases in ten or twenty days. Never put on a stifle shoe. No. 29. Loss of Appttlte.—'BlQQii half a gallon, then give a few doses of cleansing powders : if he lacks lite, then give him a few drops of the re- storative liquid. , ♦ No. 30. Bestoraiive Jjiquid.— This will give life to all that is not dead; take of the oil of cloves one ounce, oil of annis one ounce, tincture of cantharides one ounce, tincture asafoetida two ounces, oil of rosemary one ounce ; shake well and it is fit for use; give ten or fifteen drops in a bucket of water. No. 31, Soof Liquid. — This is for contracted feet or bruises in the soles of the feet, or after joint sprains ; take four ounces of oil of spike, four ounces spirits turpentine, and J pint linseed oil ; shake well, and apply over the crust of the foot every day. This will remove fever and: soreness of the foot, and will remove hoof bound, but the ointment is best. No. 32. Geneaal Liniment. — Take half a pint linseed oil, half pint turpentine, oil of origanum four ounces, shake well and it is fit for use. This is for all sprains, and a general liniment. It is used in the different diseases spoken of. No. 33. Sore Mouth or Tongue.—Fmi take his i^^ ^,¥ »^*-:,-' < fMffi^^KSHSiTT-ilsri 68 grain j^'om dracbms sugar him, then half an ounce of alum, two drachms susar of lead, one pint of vinegar, and a ha f gallon of water, oi^n mouth and swab^t out clean with this every morning and night. This will cure in all cases in five or six days. No 34. J/an<7e.-Sympton8; The hair will rub off, and the skin breali out in scabs. CuuE-Physic and bleed, for this is a humor in the b?^d, tl?en make the Allowing ointoexit and •'reose well every day wherever he is aflectea foivtCe or four daj^s, and let him sU^A in the fiiin For killing lice take half pound ol siu- XV two ounces spirits of tui-pentine and mix Wl wth three pounds of lai-d ; do not let him get wet; give a few doses of the cleansing powders. No 35. To stop blood.— l( you can get hold of the ai ery or vdn, tie it up. If not take the ?ollowinc^T ten grain's of nitrate of silver and four ounces of water, apply it to the wound and it will stop immediately. Apply this to warts after cutting them out. No 36. Ghest Founder.— Sym]itons : Not un- likeTunff fever, the horse is stiif, but has no fS-er In his feet, very sore in his chest, inclined to stand very wide with his fore legs. CURE-Bleed, physic, and rowel in the breast, then commence bathing his breast and chest with hot watei-, every six hours, and blanket Wm; this will cure, if not of too long f-'lj^^^^ No sr Jlfetonderi is a disease of the feet aua •^ Ti --- „„„„a oftoi. tVie ffvease heals. •pasterns, io zes from b - soften rub dry 75 witli the hand, and apply as above. Five or six applications will remove any curb. For splints apply in the same manner. No. 61. Mud Fever and Cracked ITeeZs.— Take equal parts lard, gunpowder, and glass; pulver- ize the glass and powder as fine as flour, and make into an ointment; wash the diseased parts with Castile soap, and soft water ; rub dry, and apply the ointment once a day till cured. Ko. 62. Infallible cure for Bingbone and Spavin,— Take Liquid Ammonia, Bed PercipitatQ, White Pine Turpentine, Spanish Flies, Origanum Oil, Iodine, 1 oz., 9th. 1 oz., 8th. 1 oz., 3rd. 1 oz., 7th. 1 oz., 6th. 2 drachms, 5th. 2 drachms, 4th. 3^ oz., 1st. Corrosive Sublimate, Strong Mercurial Ointment, - -« , Lard 3^ oz.. Honey | lb., Gun Forbium, 1 oz., 2nd. The reader asks why this receipt is written in such a form. It is prepared just as written : ninth is first placed in the mortar ; eighth is next and well mixed with ninth; third is then thor- oughly mixed with eighth and ninth. In that way each article is applied separately, and thor- oughly mixed. Seventh is the next, and so on until your ointment is finished. This is the best spavin and ringbone ointment known. Clip the hair, and apply the same as for curbs; re- move the scale with lard, and wash with Castile soap and warm water ; rub dry, and apply again Ko. 63. Physic Ball for iZbrses.— Cape aloes u from ptix to toil drachms, Castile soap one drachm, Spirits of wine one drachm, syrup to form the ball. If mercurial phj^sic be wanted, add from one half a drachm to one drachm of colomel. Previous te physicing a horse, and during its operation, he should be fed on bran mashes, allowed plenty of chilled water, and have exer- cise. Physic is always useful ; it is necessary to be administered in almost every disease. It improves digestion, and gives strength to the lacteals by cleansing the intestines, and unload- ing the liver ; and, if the animal is afterwards properly fed, will improve his strength, and con- dition, in a remarkable degree. Physic, except in certain cases, should be given in the morning, and on an empty stomach ; and if required to be repeated, a week should intervene between each dose. Before giving a horse a ball, see that it is not too hard, or too large. Cattle medicine is always given as a drench. No. 64. Physic for Cattle. — Cape aloes, four drachms to one ounce, Epsom salts four to six ounces, powdered ginger three drachms. Mix and give in a quart of gruel. For calves, one- third of this will be a dose. No. 65. Tonic for Horses and Cattle.— Sul- phate ot copper one ounce to twelve drachms, white sugar one half ounce. Mix, and divide in- to eight powders, and give one or two daily in the animal's food. No. 66. Cordial for Horses and Cattle. — Pow- ) drachm, form the add from colomel. during its mashes, ive exer- nocessary ease. It h to tho d unload- fterwards , and con- c, except morning, ired to bo veen each ; it is not is always loes, four ur to six ns. Mix Ives, one- ttlc.—8\il' drachms, divide in- daily in 'le. — Pow- 75 dored opium ono drachm, ginger powdered twa drachms, allspice powdered three drachras, cara- way seeds powdered four drachms. Make into a ball with molasses, or give as a drench in grueU For Grijyes and Hove in Cattle, add to the above a teacupful of spirits or oil ; or give two ounces of Gargling Oil, and repeat every two hours un- til the animal is found to be relieved. No. 67. Diuretic 5a?/.— Hard soap and com- mon turpentine each four drachms, oil of juniper twenty drops, powdered rosin to form the ball. For Dropsy, Water Farcy, Broken Wind or Feb- rile Diseases, add to the above allspice and gin- ger, of each two drachms. Make four balls, and give one morning and evening. No. 68. Diuretic Poitiers.— Powdered irons and nitre each fonr ounces, mix, and divide into twelve parts ; give one daily. For grease, swelled legs, etc., use the Gargling Oil extern- ally. No. 69. Alterative or Condition Powders.--' Eosin and nitre each two ounces, leyigated anti- mony one ounce. Mix for eight or ten doses, and give ono at night and morning. When this is to be given to cattle, add glauber salts one pound. No. 70. Fever j5aZ?.— Cape aloes two ounces nitre four ounces, molasses to form a mass. Di- vide into twelve balls, and give one morning and cveniiig, till the bowels are relaxed. Then give No. 68 or 72. fbeaa u ve ana yy arm mhuv.- J. v/vvu.civ;v4. t i6 Avhito hoUeboro ono-half dracbm, linseed powdered one-half ounce. If necessary, make into a ball with molasses. This ball is specific for weed. Two ounces of gargling oil, one-half bottle of linseed oil, is an eft'ectual remedy for worms in horses and cattle. No. 72. Anodyne Ball. — Opium one drachm, camphor two drams, ginger powder one and a half drachms; molasses to form a ball. (Jivo night and morning after the bowels are opened, in tetanus, or lockjaw. With the addition of powdered catechu two drachms, this forms an •excellent cure for diarrhoea, or purging. No. 73. Cordial Astringent Drench, for Diar- rhoea, Purging, or Scouriny. — Tincture of opium one-half ounce, allspice two and a half drachms, powdered caraways one-half ounce, catechu powders two drachms, strong ale or gruel one pint. Give every morning till the purging ceases. For sheep this will make four doses. No. 74. Blister Ointment. — Hog's lard four ounces, oil of turpentine and Spanish flies, each one ounce; mix. This ointment is strong enough for every purpose. No. 75. Powder of Angleberries. — After cutting them off, or when they exist in clusters, sprinkle them daily with equal parts of muriate of am- monia and powdered savin. No. 76. Fever Powder for Horses.— 'Nitre from one-half ounce to one ounce, camphor and tartar emetic each from one to two drachms ; hi linseed y, make J spocifio one-half nedy for drachm, and a (Jive opened, iition of brms an ^or Diar- )f opium irachms, catechu ruel one purging loses. ard four ies, each 3 strong 17 powder and mix. To be used after bowels have been opened. No. 77. Astringent Ball for ITo/'se^.—Opium from one-half to one drachm, ginger IJ drachms, prepared chalk three drachms, flour twQ drachms. Powder and make it into a ball with molasses. No. 78. Stomachic Purgative Ball, for thin illconditioned Horses. -"Aloes one-half ounce, rhubarb two drachms, calomel one drachm, gin- ger one and a half drachms, oil caraway t^ drops, Castile soap two drachms ; molasses suffi- cient to make it into a ball. )v cutting sprinkle e of am- s.-— Nitre phor and Irachms ;