X IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) / o .v % ^ A-. '^ I ■ ' . ^l^ *^%^ t/j t s j: 2 ^' CIHM Microfiche Series (l\/lonographs) ICMM Cbllection de rhicrofiches (monographles) ^ Canadian Institute for Historical Miproreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Ttchnical and Bibli^aphic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques Th^ Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy'available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter arfy of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual meilfod of filming, are checked below. a Coloured covers/ ^ Couverture de couleur Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagie Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurie et/bu pelliculie Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes giographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)* L'Institut a microfilm^ le.meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a M possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-4tre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite,>ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normale de f ilmage sont indiqufa ci-dessous. □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur □ Pages damaged/ ^, Pages endommagi e s Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restauries et/ou pellicultes Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages dteolories, tachettos ou piquees □ Pages detached/ Pages ditachtes 0Showthrough/ Transparence n n D Coloured plates and/or illiistrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Relie avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along'interior margin/ ^ La reliure serrie peut cauter de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge interieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Wherfever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^ lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, iorsque cela ^tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas et^ f ilmtes. Add^onal comments:/ Commentair(to supplementaires: This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est i'tlmi au taux de rMuction indiqui ci-dessous. ^Q X 1 4X 1 8X ' — - D Quality of print varies/ Qualite inigale de I'impression □ Continuous pagination/ Pagination continue D D Includes index(es)/ Comprend un (des) irHlex Title on header taken from:/ Le titre de I'en-tCte provient: Title page of issue/ Page de titre de la livraison □ Caption of issue/ Titre de depart de la D depart de la livraison Masthead/ Generique (periodiques) de la livraison ..^Hk^^ 22}U .S&Xrr L \ J 12X 16X 20X 24 X 28 X 32 X The c6py filmed here hes been reproduced thanks to the genei-osity of: ' National Library of Canada L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grflce il la g6n6ro8it6 de: Bibliothdque nationale du Canada The' images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specificatiorfs. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All oth0r original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the la&t page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin. compte tenu de la condition at de la nettet6 de l'exemplaire fiim6, et en conformity avec les condition^ du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimte sont filmte en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une erhpreinte d'impression ou d'illustration. soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous 4es autres exemplaires originaux sont filmis en commen^ant par la premiere page qui xomporte une empreinte d'impression ou dlllustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui cpmporte une telle empreinte. » The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol ^^ (meaning "CON- TINUED "), or the symbol V (meaning 'END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivahts apparaTtra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A ^UIVRE". le symbols V signifie "FIN". % Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: , 1 2 3 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre film(6s d d^ taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le c|if|dument est trop grand 0our Atre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est f iimi A partir de I'angle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche A droite. et de haut en has. en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. ^ 1 D 32 X 6 \. ^ •% )* ^1 ♦ « . s^ . A+:^. •r ' I ' * -U- ' 1 , ■ \. 1 i, : • • ■ -..'■.,. 1 •- > » ' f , r. ■ ■^,j:'.. \^23I;?i;i...- - ''/■ .Jr^ * '• . V 'i.u;" J ^^ItMk.M^' > / 1 I r t V i • 1 ' • « 1 i 1 J' ■ ■ ■ -;,aS'-:C*'v ^^^ -U •l^^^lpfp^^^^^tH THE LAYING OF THE CABLE, OR THE OCEAN TELEGRAPHf BKINO A COMPLETE A5D AUTHENTIC NARRATIVE or TH> ATTEMPT TO LAY THE CABLE ACROSS THE ENTRANCE TO THE GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE IN 1866, AND OF THK THREE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH EXPEDITIONS- OF. 1857 AND 1858: WITH A DITAILBD ACCODMT OF THK -MECHANICAL AND 8CIKNTIFIC PAET OK THB WOKK, A8 WWX Afl BIOGRAPHICAL SKKTCHKB OH* MK8BB8. CTBC8 W. FIKLD, WILLLUI K. EVKBETT, AND OTHBK PEOMIHKNT PEBSOMB CONNECTED 'WITH THB SNTEBPBISS. fit ttltrSTBATKD WITH POKTKAITa, KNQEATING9 0» THB MAOHINZBT, AND 8CBNB8 IN THB I'BOOBBSS OF THB QBBAT VOBX. BT JOHN MULLALY, HI8T0BIAM OF THE KNTBEPEIBB. NEW YORK: D. APPLETON AND COM?,ANY, 846 dc 848 BROAD'WS^. 1888. ^ _l .,»(*s..i-. . ..>• v/"^iV^r'-y»->-«-v TKSC2S H \ XimBMD Mcording U> A«t of CongrtM^ in tbe jau 166S, By U. AI'PLKTON k. CO, In tkt Cacrk't Office of tb« OUtrtct Coart of tlia Uaited 8t*tM for the Suatliern Dtstriet of New York. K \ •.ru,i •■' w\ :'4 y ' PREFACE. It waa the good fortune of the author to have been on board the U. 8. frigate Niagara durilg the Atlantic Telegraph expeditions of ISSY-'S, and to have been pres- ent on the occasion of the landing of the cable in New- foundland on the memorable 5th of August. While on \ these expeditions he acted in the capacity of special oor- i-espondewf of the New Vork Herald, and in that position co1I4H^ a large &nount of information in regard to the ^ history^^T'^g?^, and successful completion of the great ' enterpriser ;>This he embodies in the following pages, and it is enough to say that he ^ present at every scene therein described, and was ^^ainted with every step-in the progress of the undertaHng; thAt he knew the men by whom it waa so successfully carried om and that he has faithfully endeavored to deserve the title which he has received of " Historian of the Enterprise.^ He takes advantage of this opportunity to return his thanks to the wardrroom officera of the Niagara for the many kindnesses and courtes&s which he received at their hands during the eleven months he spent on board that ship as their guest, and to Captain Hudson for the ■'• " 'yv'-^'f^jf < •9 *: ' "'• ' - mr .•* >• 8 narxoE. privileges he waa permitted to enjoy on the two^cmiBeo ; which be made with that gaUant commander. To Mr. .Cyrus W. Field, from whom he obtained much of the information herein presented, he desires also to expresB his sincere acknowledgments for the many acts of -p^ - sonal friendship for which he is indebted to that gentle- mftn. He Would likewise take this occasion to retunThis thanks to Messrs. MarkweU and Arcpdeckne of CWon, who were unremitting in their kind attentions during hia visit to th<3rt; city. , , - •s ^ J ,y & . ^•'Vi^':--h^i^-i/i'^C^^A£'-'^i^4i^?^^'^- \ /y.. ^., K cnusas ro Mr. of the sxpresB )f-p^ ^entle- irn his nghis J k \- ■^■\ CONTEN-TS, "^-^ Obioiii aitd Histost ot va AxtAimo XKuaiAPH, BlOOBVUIOAL SKITOnW OF THK MbK OF THl EhTIBPEMI, y M C/rus W. Field, . 'Prof. 8. F. B. Morse, Mr. Wtn. F.. Ev«retlC Mr. Woodbooae, Mr. Oanning, Mr. De Sauty,^ . Mr. Clifford, Mr. J. 0. Laws, Mr. dW T. Bright, Mr. Whitehooae, ' Prof. Thomaoti, Mr. J. W.-firett, 'Mr. Appold, Captain Hadson, Captain -Preedy, Captain Da; -^an. Captain Aldham, Captain Qtter, . . . „ ^ Thk NBWFoui)DLA.n> SimiuBDnt Tilmiupb:, The Newfoundland Cable, . . •'" Fan Atlahtio TKLiaBATH Expedition, , ^ . ■ - Life on boar^ the Niagara, . . Arrival of the Niagara in England, Pre'paration of the Niagara at Portsmouth, The Coiliiig of the Cable, . . , The Niag^ and Telegraph Fleet atJQnefinstown, ^ Departure of the 8t[nadron (or Vamtia Bay, The Atlantic ^«legraph Plateau, The Infusoria of the Plateau; The Great Ocean Cable, The Paying-ou^ Maohiii^ry, The Machinery for Winding-ill^ ■/,-. ■ W ^ »9' . 26 '^- 84 . 80 4A , 48 48 . 44 44 . 44 U 46 . 46 *^, <^ V 4* / 60 60 . « 51 • ^? •^ . 91 94 . 09 ^108 .'mh .110 . 114 . 118 180 n ■A \ ••. ■»* fp#vr tmi^^;. 10 oowaam. *. Stowage of OoOaon the Niagara, The Cable Guardg, . / * ' * * iS^* ^ ^*'*"^* ®*^' «n4.Triia of the Maohinerv The Laying of th«i Cable from Valentia Bay First Day, August 6, . . ' Second Day, " 7, . ThirdDay, » 8* * .' ' "- ' « Fourth Day, " », . Fifth Day, " 10, . . * .Sixth Day, " ^n, , ' ' ' fionnd for Plymouth, . * Arrival at Plymouth, . .. Thb Skoond ATLAimo Tmbskaph ExPEDmoH— The Niagara again at Plymouth, . Inspection of the Paying-out Machine, ■ The, Telegraph Squadron, . The Engineering ind Electrical Corps, The^Coiling Process Illustrated, The Cable Circus, the Cone and Fairleadera, ^ The Coils, &o., ou the Agamemnon, The Coils, ThirdDay, «' 81, . * . Fourth Day, Augurt 1, 'Sixth Day, " « 8, Seventh Day, «« 4,^ Landing of the Oabl^ . . Eighth Day, August B, . • \ First Announ<.«mAnf that t h> flaMn ii laid. »Am . 128 IM . 186 188 . 138 186 . 141 J 14^ ■ . 147 . ISO . 1S8 100 . 161 172 . 174 176 . 177 184 .186 187 . 188 190 . 197 198 . 202 204 . 206 208 . 813 884 . 888 840 . 240 240 . 808 807 860 868 860 869 871 871 't'i --- 'Itl^^W^A ^'-ilf'u.*!. %^t'' V-^* v-fear /.•> ■ •*• t "■ '-•J>-- rf .'ii* , _ . _. ^m. /^ . 1S8 . m 188 . 138 186 . 141 J liy . 147 . ISO . 1S8 100 . 181 172 . 174 176 . 177 164 ,186 187 188 190 197 198 •'it- OOHTKHTS. Founding Niagara City, . . . Home Echoes of the Glad Tidinga, Visit to the Telegraph Station, Departure from Triuitj Bay, and arrival at 8t. Johns, Homeward Bound, . . . . . Arrival of the Niagara in New York, The Queen's Message, . . . . The President's Message, . . . The Niagara as she i^peared after the 'Omise, OflScial Reports, ..... Beport and Log of the Engineer, W. E. Everett, Laying and Landing the Cable oh the European gM 11 rAOB 281 286 . 291 297 . 298 JS99 . 800 800 . 804 814 . 821 1 ^,,- - ^" » i • Lai • it fl * y ■' , ¥ = ; • i \ ■ *■ t * ' / 1- I . / t 1 f i f - Ji ^S-'' ■ . lft»4.'-» • ' . •»| |i ti. f '11 M ■f:-^^- :mm' t' LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. rASB POBTRAIT OF CYEUS W. FIBLD, „ POBTBAIT OF W. B. EVEEETT, . . . . . . .40 POBTEAIT OF CAPT. W. L. HUDSON, ; ~^ ENTBANCE TO 8T. JOHN, . . , . ... 66 SHOOTING BOCK, NEAB ST. JOHN, . *. , , . . . . » HABB^B OF POBT AU BASQUE, ....... SO TAKING THE BAFT ABHOBE, . . jj TAKING THE CABLEABHOBE, . . . j . . «• THE JAMES ADGEE AND 8ABAH L. BEfANT LEA VJNO" CAPE BAT, . TO THE VICTOEIA TOWING THE SABAH L. BBYXKtt.**' =^ . . ! . 78 THE NIAOABA AND TENDEE, . .•"""*. . . H COXLING SCENE ON BOABD THE NIAGABA, im HIGHLY MAGNIFIED INFU80EIA TAKEN FBOM THE TELEGRAPH PI^TEAU IM END AND SIDE SECTIONS OF CABLE AND END OF SHOEE CABLE. ll» THE PAYING-OUT MACHINES Y, U, FBICTION BBAKE OF PAYING-OUT MAOHINB, . . ■ . . IM THE WINDING-IN MACHINE, jjl SECTION OF THE FBICTION BEAKE; Xtt SECTION OF THE NLAGABA WITH THE CABLE ON BOABD. . . . IM BTEBN OF THE NIAOABA, SHOWING CABLE GUABD, .... U4 8TEBN AND 8UBMABINS CABLE GUABD OF THE AGAMEMNON, IW TALENTIA BAT, THE EA8TEBN TEBMINUB OF THE ATLANTIC TSLEGBAFH, IW OOILINO IN A CABLE CIBCUS, . llg ■ACTION OF THE NIAGABA, 8HOWINO THE STOWAGE OF THE OOILS IN THE ' FOBE PABT OF THE SHIP, Igf THE CABLE CIBCUS, T^ CONE AND FAIB-LEADSB8, . . . 186 BSOTION OF THE AGAMEMNON, WITH CABLE ON BOABD, . . . 181 STEBN GUABD OF THE NLAGABA, ....... 188 SECTIONAL VIEW OF THE NL&GABA, , . ' . . ,188 STEBN GUABD of' THE AGAMEMNON, 18( THE PAYING-OUT MACHINE, Ml THE BBAKE WHEEL AND ITS CONNEOTIOS, ... ... ]M SHOWING THE ACTION OF THE BEAKS, . . , . . .180 FBONT SECTION OF PAYINO-OUT MACHINE, . . . IN SHEA TE WHEEL AND TAB BCBAPEBS, .■•-... . m PAYING OUT THE CABLE DUBING THE TBIAL TBIP, ... MO SPLICING OF CABLE, . ,' , . nJ THE AGAMEMNON IN THE GALE f F JU NE, 18B8 . . ■ - . Mi "imiimo tstEOBAPH doMPANTi BtAf!0»1«^Sir . . — : TTm" NEW YOKK AND NEWFOUNDLAND TSLEGKAPH STATION, . . . BU h «f * ,r* !\jr*'''^llX f4» ' ' ♦ '■ I it V ii''^<i > rAaa « 40 i' 4J M W SO 65 M TO ' TB M loa lAU 119 lie 11* IM ui . itt m U4 iw PH, IW 1T8 THE 184 180 isr 188 188 Ui IM IM Its IN m MO . ni ■<'-'k*i ^,/'Z I J I t a 1 B I a p a 1 I' if- &3smmu f ■ , — w. a~ L.^.,|. i ; ■ f, ■i •I I J it-. /- I I i>. . ,1 r;i I! ; ■■.' vO* „*y: ii;; •■-«r*«-r— ' ~~"~r J|E^^«»i=.>V».^,.^,^J,, ,.-^.^_^..^^_;^ ^u-' ■f ' ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF THE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH. In 1852 an act was passed by the Legislatare of Newfoundland, in- corporating certain parties for the organisation of a company to constmot a telegraph line across the island, extending from St. Johns on the eastern coast, to Cape Ray at its south-western extremity. Their object was to place New York and every city of the United States and British provinces within six days' communication of Europe, for the idea of a submarine telegraph had not yet taken praetioal form and shape. The better to carry this plan into execution, it was proposed to run a line of Bteamers froirf^ tJalway in Ireland to St. Johns, Newfoundland, and to send the intelligence which, was received on the arrival of the steamerB at the latter port to Cape Ray, and thence by a small steamer connect- ing with the nearest available point on Cape Breton, from which it would then be transmitted by the land lines to all parts of the continent pThis cafcpany failed, however, to fulfil the terms ^f their charter, and finally became utterly bankrupt, leaving some fifty thousand dollars un- paid, and this owing chiefly to the operatives oi^ the line. While the company w«i in Ihis insolvent condition, its engineer, Mr. Fred. N. Gisborne, applied to Mr. Matthew D. Field, who was at that time in New York, to aid them in procnrbg a loan for the continuance of the >ijrork. Mr. Field immediatehr presented the subject to his brothem Cyrus W. and David Dudley Field, and urged them to buy bonds of llie dompany ooovertible into stock, or to subscribe for stock, and induce liheir friends to do the same. Mr. Cyrus Field took the subject into ^amest consideration, and struck with the idea of establishing telegraphic toommunication between Europe and America by a submarine cable ^retching from Newfoundland to Ireland, he Wote two letters, one to Lieut. Maury, with a view of consulting him about the practioabili^ of submerging such a cable between the points proposed, and the bther to Profauor Morse, in regard to the electrical diffioulties of tbo jundertaim^Tn reply to these letters he re»' hail, snow and tempest, were the greetings of the telegraph adventurers in their first movement towards Europe. In the darkest nSght, through 'which no maa could see the ship's length, with snow filling the air a^d flying into the eyes of the sailors, with ice in the water, and a heavy sea rolling and wr"^.. Kr ^ *' r^*^" ^'^' ^'' ^*y "«'^'i C'^P^ »•«« with hia kad^ aa the blind man ieels his way with his staff, but as confidently and 1? ^ " ^ *^« «ky ^f been clear and the sea c*n ; and the light of «ornmg dawned upon deck, and mast, and spar coated with glitLing ^e but floating securely between the mountain, which fom» Ae gatet ^ of^e harbor of St Johns. In that busy and hospiUble town, uieC person to whom we were introduced ^«, Mr. Edward M. AroUbald, ^en Attorney General of the colony, «d now British Consul in New u L ^^"^ '""^^ ^"*" <»" "«'«. ""d from that day to thi« ^^^reWre i«trod»*«i to the Governor (Kerr Bailey HamiS), whT^ i! I iM. -^ ^ ■ pBGAmzATlOH OF TDK COMPANY. - 15 also took an earneBt interest in our plans. He convoked the Council to receive us, and hear an explanation of our views and wishes. In » few hours after the conference, the answer of the Governor and Council wa« received, consenting to recommend to the Assembly a guarantee of the interest of £50,000 of bonds, an immedLaJe grant of fifty square miles of land, ft further grant to the same extent' on the TOmpletion of the tele; graph across thespccan, and a payment of £5,000 towards the constrtfc- tion of a bridle path across the island, along the line of the land tele- graph. Mr. Cyrus W. Field, thereupon, on tha 26th of March, took the return steamer from St. Johns, on his way to New York, in order to fit out a steamer for tho service of" the cpmpany, while his two associate* remained in Newfoundland, to obtain the charter and carry out the arrangements with the former company. They continued there nearly five weeks, during which, after B(iany discussions and negotiations, the charter was at length obuined, and the $50,000 6f debt of the old com- pany was thereupon paid. The charter was liberal and provident After declaring thnt it was ' advisable to establish a line of telegraphio commuuication between America and Europe, by way of Newfoundland,' it incorporated the associates for fifty years, esUblished perfect equality in respect to corporators and officers, between itizeos of the United States and British sribjects, allowed the meetings of the stockholders and directors to be held in New York, or in Newfoi idland, or in Londoni conceded the exclusive right to establish a telegraph from the continent of America to Newfoundland, across the- ocean, granted fifty square miles of land ; and, further, provided that ' so soon as the said company shall have actually established a communication across the Atlantic ocean, by means of a submarine cable or wire from this island, the said company shall receive from the government of this island a grant of fifty square miles of ongranted and unoccupied wilderness land, to. be selected by the said company, in addition to the grants hereinbefore men- tioned,' a provision subsequently extended, so as to permit the company, to establirfi the communication by an auxiliary or associate company. In the early part of May, the two gentlemen who had remained behind in Newfoundland rejoined their associates in New York, and there the charter was formally accepted and the company organised. As. all the Bssociatefl had not arrived till Saturday evenings tlieJ^th of May, W»d as one of them was to leave town on the morning of Monday, it was agreed that we should meet for organization at sii o'clock of that day. At that hour they came to my house, and as the first rays of the morning sun stream- ed into the windows, the formal organisation took place. The charter — w as aco6pt«d, &« stock subscribed, aad Uie^&ea|BfcflfleB. Mr. Oo i qpfl^ Mr. Taylor, Mr. Field, Mr. Roberts and Mr. ^^K wei were tiie first W 'tl '%' '^ W . sit.', vl^'J 16 rax OOKAH TELKQS4PH. "«« mad., ..d th. work Wm m^J^t"?" '°"°"'' "" " ™°«'^ -WW first to be mado Th!« »7 °P''a«'8 »< four hundred mllea and trarersable 4aie road ,il7lT. '^ *"** ""'""«' ' » «"omarine' line f«l. A second attempt mZtl' T '" ^-^'' *"^ ^V^nsueees,- Pleted the chain ^^deZnlt v ^' v ''"'"^^"'- '^""^^'^ ««"" Newfoundland and the frofl ^"^ ^'^"^ *« '^' «»«*«™ ^O""* of lantie in their^fs 1^^ """ "^^' "^"^ ''^ ^^^ «^ *^« ^t- -amounting to iTthTn wt h ;'^.";r'' **■' '"«*^' contributions ^ and Mr. Cooper Mr T.vl *^" ^r^--^^ *'>°'"-«d dollars in monej- other eontribSsbelT^^^;^^^ ^0 cept Professor Moi^'Mr tC w' T T'""'*^ ^''^ """»"' - •ad Mr. John W ^Z S« r » . ^°''''"'' *^''- ^"^'"^ ^- ^unt. ' P y thus far. the Tanoo. negotiations, the plan of the wWk. the OBOAlIMATlOir or THB (X>MPAinr. vr oTeraight of ita execution, and the oorrespondenoe whh th« officers and others, mainlj devolved upon Mr. Gjma'W. Fieltb " The greatest and roost difficult part of«ihe original design atill remained to be executed, and that was the submarine cable from New- foundland to Ireland. The distance was 1,950 statute miles; the s«k was stormy and uncertain ; no submarine line of more than three hun- dred miles had then been attempted. In anticipation of the task now to hej undertaken, Mr. Field, on his first visit to England in 1864, had invifed manufacturers to funtish him with specimens of cable which theji would recommend, and estimates of its cost, and he had entered ii^ttj correspondence with various persons on ^he subjaol In 1856, he pr(^red an order from our government under which Lieutenant Berry- ma^ made 80undit)g8 of the Atlantic between Newfoundland and Ireland. Lieutenant Berryman sailed on that service on the 18th of July, add the next day Mr. Field sailed for England, hairing received the formal ooiSj3nt of the coinpany to make arrangements in England for th^^mb; marine line, either by a Bubscriptiim to this company, or by organising' a new company as auxiliary or associated with this. In England he had invited the co-operation of Mr. Brett, a gentleman of great experi- ence, who in ,1851 formisd a company which had laid tbo first submarine cable from England to France, fie afterwards brought in Il|r. Edward O. W. Whitehouse, electrician, and Mr. Charles T. Bright, engineer — both gentlemen ef high scientific attainments. These four gentlemen on the 29th of September, 1856, entered into » formal agreement to use thdir exertions for the formation of a new company, to be called the Atlantic Telegraph Company ; the object of which should .be ' to continue the existing^ line of the New York,tion by almost every civilised nation, already givw peoaaat^ eve& greater ^ingrtiiRn it he yet kOCompl^ndwArte^ theranoe of social and commercial interoonrse. •- \ M'^ u THE OOKAN TSLCOBAm. ^ • It IB, howerer, only withm the but ire jean tUt'prMtioal m«n ham Knmgkt out roooeurfully the application of the a«ne principles to the ■till later problem of the iubmarine telegraph. 'Surrouaded by every Bpwjieebfsdiffioulty which besete a new and antrkd path, Mr. Brett, with the aid of a few aeMoiates^ aohiered in 1861 his firat niooeM in the electric union of Franoe and England. ' The result of this d^iaive experiment, {aV9r»ble alike in ita national, commercial, aooial, and, thoii|^ last not least, in Us rwnuMratiTe aapeota, has been nich aa to diaarm all prejadioe, and to enooorage a desire for the otmost possible eztetaion of similar udertakings. • England-is now united by siz dqptiaot submarine cables to adjaoent ooasts, and^Ather eountries hare not been slow to catch her spirit Of enterpr^ in this important application 4>f , soience to the wants of * America alone, the greatest and most' progihMRre of all the nations wit^ whom we have interoourse, has hitlwrto been debarred from partici- pating with us Wthe adTantages of^Hrio ifitercommunioation, >hile the daily increasing re^oirements oT'lhe two nations render such an inrtitntion more th«n ever necessary to the well-bebg of both. ' The genius of science and Uie spirit of oonpneroe alike demand, that the obstacles of geogn^rfiicai position and distance alone shall no longer prevent the accomplishment of such a union. ^Under the infinence of those considerations, the subject of esUblidiing a telegraph to America has been largely and anxiously studied on both ^mli9i| of the A^t&tic. A*!^ • The oveful aad elaborate investigations of Lieutenant Maury, of liwU. 81 Navy^bito the phyucal geography of the sea, threw;} lij^t upon what had been soj^posed to constitute the chief et '^^ difficulties of such an enterpfise. Hi4|Mtf and accurate d^ the currents of the oceui, and the tonndings of the Ajtland inpeifBetly known previous to his researohes^haTe developec ordinary, utd, to speak with reverence, a providential fitet co^itiflps to be ebi^y desired for the successful jrabmersion of a tele* »bsenoe of currents interfering. with the steady. ' a level bottom with a stratum likely to remain for fts subsequent security and preservation. fi^l^Uuidatod for {Ailosophio objects other sei(|P^liave been showii to exist in ft>remar]D> [lagtiB t^vighdut a pUun extending between the coasts of Ireland •■d Newfoandland; whiob possesses the additioaal advantage of beiqg Afl sh ort es t yossiblft route betweaa tibe Aotea of the Old and Hew^^^^ Worlds, So marked, indeed, are those featares, and so &vorable is I Ki \ -Suri^isa. -^ V>"t4 lW'<^«t ■«*»• -v^rt .• 1 ^ - / OEOAHIZATIOH OP TUB COMPANY. If their boaring ■'ifU t^ great project, tkat they seomed to (h« diacorerer at the t{M|aW^raudential, at) to jiwtify hia denignation of it aa th« Telcgtfi|Ulr||te4||{J* <<» (i-it8 course would render a route to the south of the banks , impracUeaMe for telegraphic purposes. Immediately to the* north of tho great ban|ii these abysses oease to exist. Stretching away in Ik direct line firom St. Johns, Newfoundfand; to the bay of Valentia, on the Irish coast, lies the vasi-sub-ooeanio glain already^ referred to, which is situated in the line of nearly absolute rest of the waters of the Atlantic, the bed of which has been sbown, by the specimens obtained on sounding, to'lcousist throughout of the most minute microscopic shelli^^ which, from their delicate organism aAd the perfect state in wbicb tliey are founds pri^e the utter absence of all motion in the water surrounding them. To use the words of tho highest authority on the subject,*— *' this plateau is not too deep for the cable to sink down and rest upon, and yet not po shallow that currents or icebergs or any abrading foroe can deritnge the wire after it is once lodged upon it." ' In April, 1854, a company was incorporated by act of tbe Colonial Legislature of Newfoundland for the purpose of establishing a line of telegra{Shio communication l)etweea America and Europe. That gov- emaient evinced the warmest interest in the undertaking, and in order to mark substantially their sense of its importance, and their desire to give to it all the aid and encouragement in their power, they conferred upon it, in addition to important privileges of grants of land and subsidy, tbe Bole,|^d exclusive right of landing telegraphic lines on the shorei thin^heir jurisdictibn, comprising, in addition to those of Newfound- land,'the whole Atlantic coast of Labrador from the entrance of Hudson's Straits to the Straits of Belle Isl^ This act of the Colonial Legislature was subsequently ratified and confirmed by Her Majesty ^a Government at home. The company also obtained in May, 1854, an exolnsivcr charter from the government of Prinee Edward's Island, and afterlTarda ' from the State of Maine, and a oharter for telegraphic operations ia Cuiada. ' The exclusive rights abwlutdy necessary for the encouragement of an undertaking of this nature, having thus been Mcured along the only seaboard eligible for the western terminas of a Knropean and Ameriflan o»Ue, the eopnpaay in the first iutanoe opmmenee4 •psratiou -Y-, « MauryVi P^nsal Qeograpl^ of the Sea, p. 25A. i^ %■ ¥' "kr^ v'-^. .0 20 THK OCEAN TELEORAPH. ).-> by prooeedtog to connect St. Johns, Newfoundland, with tW widely g ramified telegraph system of the Bntish -North American provinces and the United Stotes. This has been recently completed by the subraer- sion of two cables in connection with their land lines : one, eighty-five miles in length, under the waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, from- Cape Ray Core, Newfoundland, to Ashpee Bay, Cape Breton ; the other, of thirteen miles, across the Straits of Northumberland, connecting Prince Edward's Island with New Brunswick. Electric communication is thus established direct from Newfoundland to all the British American Colonies and the United States. ' On the Irish side, lines of telegraph hare been for some time in ope- ration throughout the country, and are connected with England wd the Continent by submarine cables. The only remaining link in this electric chain, required to coinneot the two hemispheres by telegraph, is the Atlantic cable. ' The New York, Newfoundland, and Londtn Telegraph Company being desirous that this great undertaking should be established on a broad and national basis, uniting the interests of the telegraph world on both sides of the Atlantic, -have entered into alliance with persons of importwnoe and influence in the tolegrapliio affairs of Great Britain : and in order, at the same time, to obtain th6 fullest possible information before entering upon tha crowning effort of their labors, they have exir deavored to concentrate upon the various departments of the undertaking Ae energies of men of the highest acknowledged standing in their pro- fession, and of others eminently fitted for the work, who were known to have deveM much time and attention to the jsubjeot ' Thfr^route between the two shores had already been minutely sur- ^^Teyed bj Lieutenant Maury, whose name alone amongst nautical men is - : 'a Bufficient guarantee for the accuracy of the results obtained, and whose personal counsel and co-operation the promoters are authorised to say ■ ■ wilL Up given to the undertaking in bringing it to completion. ., The daU obtained by him have received the most ample oorroboiatiob in the recent special soundings taken by order of the United Statds GovemmiBnt, at the mstanoc of the New York, Newfoundland, and London Telegraph Company, by Lieutenant Berryman, U. S. steamer " Atctic," whose valuable and able assistance the company wish to acknowledge. ' It is with the highest satisfaction that tlte company are able to refer to the aid which Her Majesty's Government are inclined to give to their labors. A line of soundings taken at spoU intermediate between those effected by Lieute nant B erryman , has bewi ordered bj Jhfi 1 LordB of the Admiralty to be made fori Wltl^ ; and the readinas^^^M^^^ cordiality with which every suggestion on the part of the promoters ./, ORGANIZATION OF THE OOHPANY. 21 has been met by their Lordships, and by those at the head of the several departments, call for the warmest thanks of all concerned in the ' undertaking. ' In th(s enginfeering department, advantage will again be taken of Lieutenant Maury's invaluable advice in connection with the laaohinery employed in paying out the cable, and of the co-operation of others who have carried out the submersion of -the submarine lines already laid. The soundings of the ocean along the plateau, which gradually increase from 1,000 fathoms to 2,070 fathoms at the middle and deepest part, present no obstacle in depositing a cable with regularity along a soft and almost level plain of such a nature— and the question of submerging a cable in depths ahnost equal, and under less favorable conditioM, has been already surmounted without difficulty. ' In order to determine various points connected with the electrical department of the undertaking, a continued investigation of all the phe- nomena conrifected with the use of long submarine circuits has been carried on during the lapt two years; and' Professor Morse, who baa recently visited England- iias, for many^days consecutively, gone into a rigid series of demonstrations on this subj^t in connection -^ith those gentlemen who have devoted so much energy and patience to this de- partment of the work. He declares his conviction that the problem is conclusively solved, and that the attainment of full commercial success is no longer doubtful ' It may be mentioned here, that the possibility of readily and rapidly transmitting telegraphio signals beyond a certain distance by sub- marine wires, had been thrown into some doubt by the discovery of cer- tain phenomena of induction and retardation, described by Professor Faraday. « In the year 1854, at the instance of Mr. Br^tt, Mr. Wildman White- house first took up the subject of the effects -of induetion Jin long sub- marine conductors, in its relation to practical telegraphy, by commen- cing a serioB of preliminary experiments upon a cable containing 680 milej of submarine wire. In the following year, when the great project of Transatlantic communication cnme more prominently ii^to view, these experiments were continued more fully on 1,126 miles of similar wire, the results being obtained and recorded with the utmost care and accuracy, by means of apparatus contrived for the purpcse, and new both in character and principle. Several facts of the highest importance to electrical science, and of the moat encouraging oAture as regards the .j^dertaking, were thus determined ; and in a still more extended seriea -_ o f fl xperltn eg tB thia- year on 1)020 miles, conducted oonjointfy by Mr. ! ; Ll Whitehouse and Mr. Bright, Engineer to the Magnetic Tel«^raph Oom- "11 .:.!■« t-:i %' 82 THE OatAS TELBQnkVB, pwiy, these two gentkmcn have been enabled to rcaliie and amplify every prerioHs encouraging reasU, and at the same time to perfect in- struments suitable for pre aical ilegraphio use, and capable of working through almost unlimited lengths of submarine wire. Hie size of the conducting wire repaired for such distant (^rations has formed the flubjeot of special inquiry with these gentlemen. They have finally established a claim to »he fiMremqet position in the soientifie department of the undertaking, by praotioally demonstrating tp Professor Morse and others, on an unbroken length of over 2,000 nfles of subterranean wire, the fact of telegrai^io operatiwis carried on with an amount of aoouraoy and at a speed whicA determines at once the certainty of full oommeroial succcsa. * ' Nothing can be more satisfactory than the reaolt of thcffe e»perimen- tal demonstrations, which have been verified by Professor Morse,— prov- ing, as they do— First, that telegraphic signals can be transmitted with- out difficulty through the required distance ; 8ec safely accomplished, the progress of the vessels in the process of \'Sncrsion will be hourly attended with less and less difficulty and ♦jjjtilk. * "^ Tie grandeur of the undertaking constitutes a sufficient guarantee for its commercial success when carried out; as, in addition to the great use of the cable by the governments oh each side of the Atlantic, and in ordinary social intercourse, it will constitute the chief medium through which all the important business transactions between the Old and New- World will be effected. The transmission of intelligence for the press in both Continents will also form a moslj important feature of its use- fulness. It will readily be admitted that the number of messages at present passed along the wires to or from a single capital like London,* where the rapidity of railway transit renders the Post Office a powerful com- petitor, will scarcely constitute any criterion of the probable amount of traffic through a cable affording the only rapid means of communication between two vast and civilized Continents, and which in its operation will shorten the period of an interchange of correspondence almoat from a month to an hour, and to which the whole of both networks of tele- graph lines, already established throughout Europe and America, amounting to not lesa than 100,000 miles, will act as feeders. A very limited number of commercial messages forwarded from each side daUy^ occupying the cable but a few hours, wUl( without any other souroea of revenue, produce a large return on the Entire capital The difference of longitude between the two Continents preeents another important consideration connected with the advantageous work- ing of the line; for, owing to the -time in America being nearly fire hours later than in Europe, the whole of the business messages of the day transmitted frmost m- , domitable energy and success ; a man who seems to delight in meeting ob- Btaclea, that he may have the pleasure of overcoming them. No defeat, po matter how discouraging, disheartens or sways him from his-purpose, to which he holds with remarkabte tenacity. An illuatiration of this was pre- sented on the 11th of August, 1857, when the cable parted. The disaster had just occurred when the news spread over the ilbole ship, creating a most painful excitement. Mr. Field, who hadLaloro at stake in the enter- prise than any member of the whole company, and who might be supjjosed to feel the effects of the failure more than any one aboard, proved himself equal t(nhe emergency. Losing no tin^e in vain regrets, ho called a meeting at once on board the Niagara^ at which Captain Hudson and the command- ers of the other ships were present, and it which it was resolved to make a series of experiments in view of the resumption of the undertaking the following October, or in the summer of 1858. These experiments were iatmded to^teat the praoticability of splifling mA laying theded to 8t. Johns, Newfoundland. . In three weeks he accomplisheJ there a Tery great object for this company. He procured the passing of an Act ot the liogislature which has given to our compiiny the right of estab- lishing a footmg on those shores, which ere long, 1 hope, will result in connecting us with Ireland. You have now the riiht to go on the shores °l^forxndhiui. Without that right ooncedeS by flie Legislature of eat island you would not have been enabled to go there; and that nght which we have secured, is confined exclusively to our company I'hat w only one of the ^eat acts which Mr. Field has performed with a desire to promote the interests of this great enterprise. (Hear, hear ) 1 have worked early and late with Mr. Field, and can speak to his diU- ^nce with the greutest possible satisfaction : and I feel persuaded that m selecting that gentleman to assist the Directors in the general manage, ment of the company there has been impaj-todintO it an element of sucwss Which has given to me and to others a large increase of confidence in ths result of our undertaking. . I have in him and in his judgment every m his abiii't "° * -^* "^ colleagues repose ^ual confidence To this high compliment Mr. Field responded as follows : "I feel, gentlemen, that I have scarcely time to eat, drink, or sleep, and none to make a «,eech;. but I assure you that all the energy and - little talent which God has given me shall be bestowed between now and next June m endeavoring to carry out this enterprise: and it wUl ijive me great pleasure, when lam in America, to talk through the cable with ;;Z,°»^T."^""'*'"'"Mr^^"''^*^*°"''- (I-o^d cheers.) Before you ^ y . L^T y**" ^'}^ P*^ °®« resolhtion for me-it i/. a vot^^of thanks to the directors of this company. I ,m not a director : but I know !rv? "^ •'o™P»ni«'» on both sides of the Atlantic, and I may safely 11 tll'T^ ^T VTP'i^y '° '^'"^ *!»« directors wo.^cJ L hard, and exhibited so little of selfish motive, as in this. Your Board Em- prises gentlemen m London, Manchester, Liverpool, and Glasgow, and day after day 1 have^^seen almost every meifiber attending the meeting of the directors, not for the sake of putting a guinea a day into their pockete; for they axe above that ; but from higher motives and loftier considerationa. (Cheeraj Your directors have never received a far- thing of your money aiid I hope that the meeting wiU unanimously p^ a vote of thanks to those gentlemen." (Applause.) Extract from the Minutes of the Board of Director,, daUd January ■ * - ■ 27,185a ' • " The Directors Laving for several months felt that it would greatly advance the interests of this enterprise, if Mr. Cyrus W. Field of New ^^'^*'',*? 1^'^ be induced to come over to England, fo r the p arpose of =raaOT6ifinf the generd manag^nV^nd Bop^nTision rf all the variomT BIoaBAPHtOAL BKKTOIUCS. .88 arrangements that would bo required to bo carried out before the sailiu^ of the next expedition ; application was made to Mr. Field; with theriew of securing his consent to this proposal, and he arrived in this eouotry on the 16th instant, when it was ascertained that he would be willing if unanimously desired by the Directors, to act In behalf of the Company as proposed, and Mr. Field having retired, it was unanimously rcsolred to tender him in rospcot to such services, the Bam ofXlOOd over and above hia travelling and other expenses, as remuneration." Mr. Field declined to acf cpt any thbg in oompensatiou for his serriees, at the same time that he complied with the request of tha Company. Whereupon the following resolution was passed : - "Eetolvtd, That Mr. Field's kind and generous offer be accepted. by this Board ; that their best thanks are hereby tendered to him for his devotion to the interests of this undertaking." Eictract from tha Proctedinga of tht Meeting of iJu Managing Cbwi- ' mitiee, dated at London, 26u8iness prooeeoings of the Company, subject ' to the control of the Directors." " Baolved, That the Staff of the Company be notified hereof, and required to observe and follow such directions as may be iaaued by the Qcneral Manager." C>-~-' On the reception in London of the news of the auooeas of the ondar- taking, the Secretary>«f the Company, Mr. George Soward, addressed • letter to Mr. Field, from which the following is an extract : •" At last the great work is suocessfuL I rejoice at it for the sake of han^anity at large. I rejoice at it for the sake of our common nationalities, and Usfc bat not least, for your personal sake. I most heartily and sincerely rejoice with you, and tk>ngratulate you, upon this happy termination to the trouble and anxiety, the continuous and persevering labor, and never- ceasing and sleepless energy, which the successful accomplishment of this vast and noble enterprise have cost you. Never was man more, devoted — never did man's energy better ^deserve success than yours haa done. May you in the bosom of your funily reap those rewards of re- pose and affection, which will be doubly sweet from the refleotioo, that you return to them after having been under Providence the main ani/^ leading principal in conferring a vast and enduring benefit on Taankind.;' 8 :_",> t! m J ^!. •^, m' "^ 'T t' ^'Mb ''A 84 TOB OCEAir TSLEOBAFH. m the reflection, for the name of Cyrus W. Field will now go onward to immortality, as long as that of the Atlantic Telegraph shall be knows to mankind." For some time after the return of the fleet from the second uosucoessful expedition, it was doubtful whether another attempt would be made at o^ or whether the enterprise would be postponed , indefinitely. Many of the directors, discouraged by repeated disap- pointments, were in &ver of selling the cable and giring up the idea alj^sether, rather than risk all their capital by a disastrous failure. A despatch was sent to Mr. Field, at Queenstown, informing. him of the feeling prevailing among the directors, and the probability that they would abandcHi the enterprise. He lost not a moment in indecision, but hastening to London, called together the directors and endeavored to infuse among them his own high hopes and sanguine expectations. One director left the meeting, refusing to take any part in the proceedings; . but the other members who were present at last coneurred in his views, andigave their sanction to another and final attemp||^ PROP, a F. B. MORSE.*" The inventor of the electro- magnetic telegraph is so well known, not only in his own country, but throughout the civilized world, that it would appear almost unnecessary to say any thing further of him than th«t he acted as electrician on the first Atlantic telegraph expedition. There are, however, some circumstances connected with ois invention which ar« of such particular interest at this time as to justify a relation of them here. Before, however, entering into these, it may be well to state a few facts in connection with the earlier lifb of Professor Horse. It is not, perhaps, generally known th»t at the time he invented the magneto-electrio tele- graph he was engaged in the active p^ult of his profession as an artist, in which he had obtained a high reputation for sonie ori^^nal works, tie was a sculptor as well as a painter, and his model of the Dywg Hercules, which was m«d« in England in the year 1813, gained for him the highest medal of the Adelphi Society of Arts. This model was intended simply at a oopy from which to paint his picture of the same sabjeot— a work'qf \ art whit^i received at the time the greatest praise, and which was selected from among the first for particular notion by the oriticsa. Profespor Morse left England in the ywur l8l5,>«Tiog resided JUi that country about four years, and returned to liia native U^d, where la/tt continued the active pursuit of his profession m an artist. Iq 1829 1m . again visited Bnglfmd Mid remained till 1882, in which jAir be went, home in tfae shi^ SnUy- , tt WM daring the puii^ ^i t^i Mp th«t iml first ooneeived the idea bf the cleotro-ma^etie recording tglegraj^, ,^ '', =^wi«toB^^w^S^1nf^^^nrHir)fe^ ..*%ii i<- W-aii :jfJ 'i.) U.l fniff ■Wii«lit4(' &- A> \ BIOOKAPBIC^ BKKTOHEB. 85 seientifie men of th« world. Among the passengen on i^e SuHy was Hon. Wm. C. Rives, United States Minister to Frutoe, and a homber of other gentlemen who hare since been the most anient friends of the Professor. In one of the many social gatherings which took place among the company, a conversation arose in regard to a subject which was at that time extensively discussed among scientific oirdes— the obtaining of a spark from the electro-magnet, which showed the identity of eleetrici- 1^ and magnetism, a fact which had often b«en supposed to^xist, but the existence of which had not bften conclusively proved by actual experiments. In the course of conversation the well-known oiroumstance of ^rai^lin's having caused electricity to pass through three or four ttiles of wire, fbr . the purpose of measuring its velocity, was related, and it was this partic- ular circumstance which led the Professor to an investigation of the subject, with the view of employing the subtle agent ae the messenger of He made th« (^rvation, that " if electricity can be made viuble man. in any desired part of the circuit, there is no reason why a system of signs could not be devised by which intelligence might be transmitted between distant points." The remark excited little or no attention at the time^ but the idea took such firm possession of his mind that he devoted the greatest part gf ;his leisure time to the invention of an instrument by which, what was b«fore but an idea, was to be converted into a fixed fiict The result was the invention of a machine of which an illustration and description are presented on another page. In the year 1835 he mi- hibited this model to his (sfiuss of pupils in the New York University, where he had his studio, and gave an explanation of tbe purpose for whkh it had been constructed ; 1l>ut it l^as not till the mon^ of Oc- tober, 1837, Uutt he entered a caveat at the Patent Office in Wuth- ingtAn. This caveat contained a detailed description of the invention. In 1838 he applied to Congress for an appropri&Uon fbr the erection of a telegraph line between Washington and Baltimore, • distance of thiriy MileB, the sum required being t^rty thousand dollars. The application was before Congress about five years before it was Acted upon, and it was not till the month of May, 1844 that the line was in operatioq. The first message sent over Uie wire was by Miss Aniue Ellsworth, tlMi^ daughter of the Commissioner of Patents, who had taken an active in- terest in tbe passage of the bill grafting the appropriation. Miss Ells- w^iMh' t^U tiSie first to convey the inteftigoioe of tiie fact to the Professm^, wllb had despaired Af the passage of the bill that year, as the close of the sMsion was at hand and there was no prospect of its being taken up be* tmei the next session. At the last hour, however, it was passed, and the. noe of the circBW- B&ioM, ktid Was prepiring to leave WashUigton, waa informed by Miai Ellsworth of the final suooess of the applioidoB. K>" ^r A\f. m HI i ll ■1 I ^1 t» " t^ i'^< r* •»"« ' 36 THE OCEAN TELEGRAPS* " Annie," said he, vhen ahe bad imparted the welcome tidings-^ " Ajtmie, the first message that goes over the wires shall be sent by yon." And, true to his jtromise, the first message was sent by her. This cor- responded with the high character of the event, and has connected her name with it forerer. In answer to the Prefessor's notification, she sent the following as the message which she deemed should be transmitted from Washington to Baltimdre : " What hath God wrought I ' The establishment of this telegraph was soon followed by the con< stmotion of others, and from that time to the present they have increased with such rapidity that there are now about forty-five thousand miles in operation in the United States. In 1838, while the application for an appropriation was pending be- fore Congress, he went to England and applied fyr a patent for his inven- tion there, but it was denied on the ground that V description of it, as it had been exhibited to his class, was copied froin an American itato an English publication, and it had thus become public property. It is need- less to say any thing further to show the absurdity of such a reason — a mere statement of the grounds upon which the denial was based is sufficient for that. Various claimants have since risen to dispute his right to the inTOUtion; but, after a tedious litigaticm and a display of the most bitter hostility, the justice of his claims has not only been recogniEcd, but his instrument is now almost universally used and acknowledged as the most perfect that has been inrented. It was a matter of regret to all connected with the undertaking, to whom Professor Morse had endeared himself by his many admirable qualities, that he was not on board the Niagara during the final expe- dition, but he had previoody withdrawn from the enterprise. He is now in Europe receiving the well-deserved rewards of his Ubor from tlie crowned heads who have thus honored themselves by honoring genius in the yenoa jt! the inventor of the Electro-Magnetic Tele- graph. We cannot better close our sketoh of this distinguished gen- tleman, than by giving deseriptions of the irst model of hL reoordiog machine: ' t THK FIB8T ELEOTBCMCAONETIO RBOOBDING INSTBUMBlTr. Thit Morse system is baaed upon the important discovery made by Profeslpr Owrsted, of Gopenhi^B, m Uie winter of 1819, which hud the foundation of the acienoe of^ectro-magiMtina. He aaoertained that when a wire conducting electricity is placed parallel to a magneliio needle pr operly suspend ed, tho needle will dnuignotio recording machine, invented by Pro. feasor' Morse, possesses much interest in this connection : (Fig. 1.) A ia a juncture firame, nailed upon a coj^nmou' table to serve for tKe building up of the machinery. Bisasort of trough simply for sustaining the three drums, G, B, and E. is the paper drum, on which the paper is rolled. £ ia moved by a cord passing over thalittle pulley- wheel on the outside of the axle of the second wheel of / .the clock train of F, and is '*r moved by the train when in motion. F is a clock train of wheels moved by the weight G, and regulated by a fly. G is the weight passing over a pulley elevated for the purpose of a longer rua H (figs 1 and 2) is a pen- dulum lever, having the ful- crum at A, and a limited movement of about a quarter of an inch at the other ex- tremity, which carries a pen- cil made to be in constant contact wi^ the paper strip passing 'over ihe drum D. About half way np on the lever is attached the keeper d fii an electro-magnet «, fixed apon » nnall bracket finm the cross bar of the frame, and on the other ride ie the ^xtitre for a ipring and ngii> leirer or withdraw it, when the augnet is not in motion. *v''>j|i^t'4^1« f-t*'- 88 m ofrnm TBUD&BAnt. / i ;■ » I bin gaWanio battoy of copper and line, from one pole of wMofc one end of the conjanotire wire, which is eontianoira around the eleotwK magnet forming its heUees, is attached. JPtom the other pole the oon- . junotire wire goes to the meroary cap (fig 8) », it One estrenSty of tlie port rule J, whUe the other end of the conjunctiTe wire from the elwti^ magnet goes to the other mercury cup o, leaving the only broken part of the circuit of battery I between the two cups n and o. J is the port rule (% 3) which carries the type rules. The port rule 18 composed of a contact lever M, whose fujcrum is supported from the sides of the frames, and has upon one end of the lever a forked wire for bridging the broken spaee between the meiwury eupen and o, and upon the other end a weight, and beneatii it a cog. At each end of the port rule frame is a diron (K and L), carrying an endless bud (which was 06.1* inch carpet binding) whose motion is regulated by the crank and handle K. » Figure 4 is a side view of the rule in which the type were set up havmg pms underneath to stick into the endless band; there were many of these made to foUow each other by simply placing a second behind the first until the whole message is sent. , ricnrafi, pPlw characters ia the a^bet that wonld beonarked by the type in tbe abor^port nilft.] t~ J jir' The clharging A, magnet, leaving the apringagab to act and r«rtore the lever H, with ite pencil, to itapo.ition on ihe left aide of the P^P*'- 1*;""* J" its retreat made another mark across the paper and-*ompleted the first : aharacter.whiohi^intheformofaV. Thus, by the continuous movc- meni of the port rule, with its type, the forms of the ^ype, whether dots or lines, are lamilarly marked upon the paper. (Ab example of the characters thus marked is seen in figure 6.) ' ,* - „ This plan and history of the recording telegraph of Prof. Morse is , from the evidence ib the courts of the United SUtea, proved by several " witnesses to ha^fl been in operation in 1886. It may weU be asked, then, why m every history of the telegraph pubUshed in England or else- , where, this date of 1836 should be ignored, and the injustice towards Prof. Morse perpetrated'bywnstantly giving the date of his invention 1837. HepUnneditinl882,andexeouteditiiil835. Thedateofthe caveat or patent is not iU date of the iaventioa, for it will scarooly lH> maintained that the invention was not made if he had not takto bis patent. . ' , . i i, - Prof Morse, in 1836, conceived the idea of making an electro-mag- net record words by having a steel point fixed to the end of a lever, upon whtoh was kitaohad a» vmature—flie awatnrt, in being attracted by the electric-magnet, to indent paper, which should be drawn forward at An uniform rate of s^ed. Prof. Mon» found hjniself viable to mak«^ use of hia' instninii^ for great distances, from *♦. resistance to and dissipation of the et^clrical current along the conductore. To overcome thisdyHculty he adopU^d, in the spring of 1887, • |eopjnn|^ m^el, «u»d a irefay or repeating circuit Prof. Morsejx»|i^e application &r a pateqt in Apfil, 1888, and in December^ 1942, |nft>^,«ww^«>?*Jx'»^ , cessfui manner for a "disUnoe of forty miies, between ihe cities of BaHi- more and Washington. P?»f. Morse has obtained fb)r bw iw^nw>»!»t aiwralpatetttil-^efit^ifaa dated June 20, 1840. This was re-ii«wi - JanUy 15, 1846^ *A |«^. Jt|p* fi*,.,^, ?^ oft .ti>e Uth «f ^ April, 1848. Tbe»e were boih re-is«ied o© the IBtfiof June, 1848; *n4«iother'p^j?j##^ **Jw out on U»e lat ,^pf Migr, 184^, ,i^.n i.„A >^y uiiJ! =^>■;.i -*.!*^ V->s.tr v - •-.f--^^ 'W .,^---. ^a' s"'-^^^ .ttE.-WM. B. EVERETT. - '■■■'\ r \"^^ • aiM «bje«t of tiua skatch is a native of Watertown^ia tbe 8t«*« if he itth of ApriL 18ag. Hft oMmi X «;-^ mAmM:^:\ '^i':* Ft I-- r I I /V,!- A. ,. & I 40 THS OOEAir TELEOS^>H. Aft hw prewnt oommi^on m Chief Engineer in the United Stotee N»yj m m ." ^ ^'^ *^ yf'*^ w»r. «lmHigl. ""^"tpwi* MP wnoie or which Jifl- mitA boUt on Mi tA lii«:~AWwihnSt?15S5rSlhe service, le^ was often inlrosted in important and respouible positions. 'i&^fr,*:.' , . * . / ^ '^^^ ^^ - « • ' ViW ^ t'-ft - A^tsii* V. >." 41 . s -• .( H^i. . ■ ww ' i i ' nm» ^ BIDOBAPHI0AI# SKSTOBBi. 41 eb lie ce, lie Jlnterbg tho navy in 1845 u Asisistant Engineer, his promotion was very rapid, and he was intrusted with the performance of important and responsible duties by Uie government,. While Assistant Engineer, Mr. Everett served a con«der»Me time TwSer Mr. Haswell, a gentlemen to whum he considers himself much indebted for his proficiency in the science in which he has obtained such an enviablB reputation. Mr. „ Everett was one of the members of the Board of En|[ineer8 appointed to examipe asid-n^fKVt! upon the eonstrttction of ih« eo^neft for the six war steamers, W which the Niagara was one. In the beginnbg of 1857 he received his appointment as Chief E5^««f ^^ ^^ vessel, and acted in that capacity during tlje first Atlantic !t!el«|p»jph Expedition. It was while )iolding this position that he tendered the efficient ser- vice to the undertaking that brought his meehanioala kill and ingenuity into such prominence. - When it Vres decided I>y ^nested by Ui« ^riwtors to t'^utke a report in re^»d to , the machinery, and to suggest whateTer alterations and improvements he considered neeeseary to ad^>t it to thft work. In the perfonmoice of this task, he called In to his asnidiMMSi JfempL Pwx>» Lloyd and Field, three engineers of distiuotioa ia En|^ land, with whom he consulted and made a joint r^p9rt. Alter tills, ^^ NiSj^A having disdbArged tiie remainder of the CM^e^ retoined to .N«if ji yori^ arriving on t|i»^Oth 0* November, 185f. She was. som* dsp^ ' after pat oui'of opmtpission, sad on Ihe applieation of Mr, Tieldi 4igain grantted by /the government for the renewal of the att^wpt tibU| :iwnmer. JroB^/whattbey Mj^^ tad }aivmi at Uii ^vetetto1»| company zespiv^ iu applying, through the g«o«ral iftaaager, JMr, Ojj^ W. Field, to oifrgovenuaent W" Ae loaa" artioeai wis to be placed tuider hi# ' direction ; he wa« to d?»w up lie plan of the mafohinery, and tibe wJ»o^ _ __ ^ __: _ — » ^_ »_4 : — w— • nm- %■-- - t. 9 ^ - J. — \. - ^f^ ^ ^ "T" wis t^^ irii^ittpwvuuuic' "Tlw i^^o«ttoir befa^^^ I m rv. 1 fth' ■-■'». ':Q''>i'^'ii^^:xK'fkq^iaUj this time to the oonstmction ot the oeds and othar work on the Ni imd it is Buffieieat to say that be waa one of the moat efficieirt oonnected witb 4^e oQBopany. He waa also on ih» Niagara last yeavi aad, when his jarrioM were demanded, was always pron^, aetf-p o w M sa d This gentleman is an English Bngmeer, and waa oaa of«tbe>a««R* iifta eorpe of tbe expedition of Angast, 1868, wbo bad ebargaof tba work on the Niagara. Like Mr. Woodumse, be baa h«d » gaad d«al trf axperienoe in the laying of sulnwirine lines, baring had tbo direetion and >apeiintMd«M«<^ tbo&rtbw iinsBCoeasfnl attempt to sahmwge tb« eablo aetMp'tka CNitf iof Si Lawtaaoe, the undertaking baring baoa d*> fbated by a fda; ^roriona to tb^ beworervlu mi-aByigad 4tt1ioo»> Bei»tiiig Speoli irith MtfcBah by a ttne awort jbCgtoaita of BoBflUttt S." ^i^ 44 tax oomar iieu»vinr. i:5 \'M J- xu gettujg u on twioa without ^^l^ .^mmon j^ to FWoh he i^ipeai* to «uborfi,£ret«y tC^ ■■+ '« i/U , -■..■?„■ m^m-lSM V',^ ,1 ^^„., _, _jiy_i,'ji^' ; Wf^m^W^'- T£r<;-:r-;Ri k^isf.sst '■■■ ' BIOOBAmOlI. BKKTORES. 45 MR. J. 0., LAWS Wu at the head of the practical memben of the electrical department, and has considerable ingennity in meohani||Bal matters. Mr. Lava ia qnite a yonng man, and has not long commenced his education in the science of electricity, bat from the knowledge he has already aoqaired, he promises to became prominent among the electricians of England. He accompanied the Niagara on the last expedition. MR. 0HA8. T. BRIGHT Is, the Ohief Engineer of the company, althongh he had nothing to do with the construction of the paying-out machinery used in the last expedi- tion. He is a native of iJngland, where he occupies a prominent position among scientific men.^He is one of those who joined with Mr. Field in the formation of the Atlantic Telegraph Company, and rendered con- nderablo senrioe^ the enterprise in the ea^y stages of its history. MR. WHITEHOUSB. ' ' ? This gentleman is one of .the principal .eleotriciaos of ihe AUantio Telegraph Company, and has devoted a grwt deal of time and aitentun to the submarine telegraph instruments and submarine telegraphing. He was originally a physician, but his devotion to this particular branoh of science led him to abandon the priAitioe of his profesuon, and tD' apply himself exclusively to electric telegraphing, partio^arly to exptiri* ments, having in view the invention of an instrument, by which to ascertain and register the velocity of electric currents through sub- fenarine cables, and the result lof which has been the production of a ma- chine, by means of which' the possibility of transmitting Messages through two thousand five hundred miles has been proved so /oOnelnsiVcily, thai It has put to rest all doubts that might have been ei^^ertidned upon tilie subject. The instrument by which the speed of' the "lightning "is ealonlated, is a triplicate Morse registering maohip«^, upon wbidi vaAa wn made by means of an astronomical doek or pe^dultun, and by wbSA signals are produoed on the entering of the curre^ into and its pas8a|^ out of the wires, showing the retaliation of th^ last ourrent in gotsg through great Ifaugiiis. This is aooomplished by a^pendulum airrangement, beating seoondii and making marks on the uppe/ part of a strip of Moiliil reipstering ]yi}>er,il^ middle marking style or ^«etrio penlbHEribg ooimMrt* ed with i^ie nete«nd « tality is theBtroni«rtnr«i.#*l.-t-rT. , *»<»>«ti hu lortnunen- goyen«nentofl«rfingao«Mn^e A^r^f P^ "*•«• J^ *••« ^"°°^ country with En,^ BeZZ^^I'^T'^'^J''''''^^'^''' down, and ««i,^jrS th7JrK?T * , f "'^•"'* ^^^8 "^ i» Dove and^J^Z^^t?"n "' *••' ^^'"'» <>-*«^. ««« and other U^^^tZ iSd^Z^l !r*t "^ ^"''^ I^intere-ted lut..^Tu.nSLS:?^- bSL^'^L^" original projeoto» of the ooBfmqj. \^^'„^^ «» of the , " . ("■'"'■' '■■-..' - - ' /^-^ ■■'■* ^ , - ' "r* '' MR. APPOEJr la the ioTentor of the brake«, whieh hite haei. •> «.«j-it^\ « P..ty of'n.oner;ryrJ^^^ J^^i". hun«lf moHtly in .xperin.ent.if . «eeh3 naLT i' t ^ "^'*' h« hobby, wd . mwhine /d,op hiTrtZtil?^ Mechanics „« WredAtibte. He la Jw.«i/!«v.„L '*™»<»* *>' k"" that^«, exc^wbenworlS::^E'"*Sf,^^ ««^; carried to «.oh an exoZ- to b-ome^ coc^^STv ^^"^ "• « fUI of eridencea, of hi» ne«ZTJlil!.r^ S ^- ^ "^ ^^ trivance ereryga.'w'Tm^rir^ *^1"7''*^~^ fatter do«« witS a -i-iUtanel b-T X^^ "^'^^ aohievemente of -iw «».:». i. ^Tt *** ^^' • *»^ of the / / ^H M ^-fat ^I Bt^ ^W^^-. >Mw*^ X BTOORAPHIOAt BKXTOHSB. Alt '■7 ■As- ^ ( ( »• ■i n '1 \ -. i 1 ** .V?S^;»:^# k/ \ OAVtAIII W. L. BVDMX. THE CAPTAIN OF THE NIAGARA. '■#* Captain W. L. ^^idaon is Already well kaown to otir readen on Moonnt of the promioent part he plajed in the first expedition, and ih« important servioe he rel^dered on one occasion in saving the cabb^ Twoog^hoQt the whole overtaking he took a most ftctiye int^regi. ja, every tbii^ that tended to promote its sucoesa. On the memorable ^Wlv ingof tlie 7th of Aa|^t, 1857, when it seemed inmost imposaibk |)pi. save the mbb from sUpping overboard after it had parted, tod when.!}^ thed cihirf «iifii|e«pr, Mr Bright, had ma %* 48 TBB oeasAir ■'.- -(»■ Dunng the forty-two yews which ho iijWit ia'the aervioe of hia ocmntry • n T ""^i. ^ P"'^^^ ««f ihwaoter imd tme benevolence of he«rt He h« a high aenae of the*««pon«ibilities which his position derolves nponhimanda.de.TonitomeetthemMBnhonCBtn,anflhotdA Dorinir ♦t!^"ir^''"^'"''"^2^**"*^«<>«»*«'f Brooklyn. SeebJ tihe fearfol extent of it» rarage^-that itw«i impo«ible by orZS vJL V U * \ ^r'' *"'"*" ** "^ «^ *^« BuflererLhe S- To^^,m,lf to the noble work of attendingon the sick. Inthi-heroio ^^^X.'^f .^J^Mjjor».ll,of BnH,klyn, Bishop MoDr^ne. jnd two o^er gentle««t This ooSiauttee of five woold .ily out ererr* rilLZ !!!!:; :i™ ^«* ^or «« poo"* cu««, who thej nghtfbny supposed %er.ai«t in need of their aid. I?S^found Jj hoj^al or attended by . phytfdM, at.their own how* E»oh day the SS" 'tJ^ !!lf ^^ '' *^ comnutteeTSd Z Z^ ^ tients, note their confitidn, ^i wh^ miy of them diW, see that the W nteawereproperl^perfemed. At that time blood-fe^ was teactised to some extent a. . ««,edial measure; but » it ittii ibund to S2 fc«fU7mi««iiycM«ii,»i»l,*|*iidoteA TheVWfia|(i8iafii3eW It w understo^ among the fiTBt to adbpt ae use ofll, wUA^ imagm^ that hK drims to oouragi «r he««smwant higher evid^c^ Urn wl^t wj hare girent He was promotod to the poTttion ofTort ^jUm by the late Retiring Board, baring served throu^idll^X WJ«j the pu-atesoftWCbeoian Archipelago had becole so boldW ^71 *h«r a^redtion. upon American commerce as to call fol ^^fantaedajdyofflptaction on the part of our goremment, he oec^! SL AsfS rf «*>«>« mastor on bo«d the doo,8 of war Wi^eit msels rfthe Btploring Expedition under Commodow Waiw, which WM ^Bnb«qul««y lost in the quicksands of CdlwnW* rtrer M* • »^[on bwid, hdwerec. was lost. Whib oa tUs cruiM, the P&iioS' r!!J!^v T^ ' ^^^"^^ ^'^^ "^ «" «»^««1 <««*«!<»»- would' ineviiaMyhaf»beenwr«>ked amid the iee bat fbr the coolneii. m pwsewon and setmanahip of her ooitamander. Prettooa to his takinit command of the Niagara, Ofcptwn Hudaon held the poiit of OommaadS of the Brooklyn Naty Yard, which he occupied orer «ix jem >"? ■ r, .■■■ ■':(! .-iAW' 4-i ,^l . !|^^3;i^^>»:illt^ ''■1.J- fl^Al. BIOOBAPHTOiO:. 8KBTCHX8. THE CAPTAIN OF THE AGAMEMNON. 49 A change took place in the command of the Agamemnon since 1867, her former commander, Mr. Noddall, having been recently ap- pointed to another post The gentleman who now occupies this re- ' c^nsible position is Cteorge W. Preedy, who holds the rank of Post Captain, and who is some twenty odd years younger than Captain Hud- son. The difference in age and yet the quality in rank in both these cases IB explained by the fact that while in our ^ service seniority is al- most always the only rule for promotion, favoritjam, and distinction in service of any consequence, generally leads to elevation in rank in the British navy. The difference in the ages of the two Post Captains need ndt therefore be a subject of astonishment. Captain Preedy has served over twenty years in the British navy, and is now fbout that middle age which those who profess to kno^ every thing about the matter — and who, it is to be hoped, ar& fully informed — say that a man is in full possession of all his physical and mental powers. The age is fixed somewhere between forty and forty-five, the very summit of the hill, which is always regarded as an emblem or figure of life. The captain of the Aynmemnon was in the Baltic fleet daring the Russian wu, and served' in. the capacity of commander on board the Duke of Welling- ton,*one of the largest propellers^ the English n^ivy. He is regarded in the service to which he belongs as an admirable seamab and navi- gator, independent of which hi^ many fine qualities as a man have ac- quired for him a well deserved popularity. He takes a ipcial pride in die work to which he has been appointed, and to which his qualifications as a commander have been one of his principal recommendations. During the fearful gale of eight days which overtook the telegraph squadron while on their way to mid ocean, his ship wa« placed in imminent peril. There never was an occasion that required morf coolness and . self-pcMseasion, and Captain Preedy proved himself fiilly equal to the emergency. For eight long and anilous dAys and nights she was buffet^ by the fierce storm, but the gallant captain and his brave officers battied with it to tbo end, and saved their ship and its precious freight in the midat of dangers that might well appal the stloat: est hearts. All honor to the heroic commander and to the gallant offiemi and orew who so nobl^ seconded his efforts. TAB CAPTAIN OP THE GOBGON. Th« B ritish Admiralty have ewrtainly shown > great de al ofjudf- meol m the appointinent of the ooiimancler of the Gorgon. 4 It was a ' ,',; .»„'t->'.,H?^ii*'>'-M/4;,1" t-; i ''^' y>M -'^'T^^^^ .,/;'j A«^{»;x.. iM^iidM^^^^T r ^N ; f. £- ''Y- ■' . ^ ^;';*|A. '' ■ 50 THE OCEAN TEXEOBAPH. I i ■ !■ f i J i matter of aome importance to the Atlantf telegraph Company that this officer should be assigned tft the post, in consequence of the prominent part he performed last year. He rendered important service by sound- inga which he took on the plateau, and the new sources of information which he opened to scientific iuTestigation. In the report which he made of the work, he has sho^ himself to be a man of extensive ac- quirements and of a liberal and generous mind— a character which is rarely met with, and is, therefore, the more to be prised. After refer- ring in a modest and moderate manner to the way in which he acquitted himself of the task he was-intrusted with,6he speaks of his indebtedness to Lieut. Brook and the use of his " ingenious sounding apparatus ; " alludes to the assistance he obtained from his own officers in complimen- tary terms, and acknowledges the aid he received from the mechanics in the preparation of the machinery for the work. It was Commander Day- man, it may bo remembered, who made the sounding at the time the cable broke in August, 1857, and reported the deptb at 1,950 fathoms. Soon after his return and the presentation of his report he was promoted from the rank of lieutenant to that of commander, and still furtljer rewarded by being appointed to the command of one of the vessels detached for the expedition. Exclusive of the service which he has performed in connection with the present enterprise, ho is looked upon as one of the most accomplished officers in the British navy, and is reputed to be a • gentleman of very fine scientific attainments. The result of his sound- ings on the plateau are very clearly set forth in his report, which is an unpretending, unaffected statement of all the details. He is the only one of the English isommanders of la?t year's expedition who has been reappointed. CAPTAIN W. C. ALDHAM. | This gentleman is the captain of her Majesty's steamship Valorow, which accompanied the Agamemnon while laying the cable. He is con- sidercd one of the most efficient officers in the British navy, and is'ii general favlorite among all who know him in the service. CAPTAIN HENRY 0. OTTER Is one of the junior Post Captains of the forty years of age! He commanded one of the Baltie d\mng the Russian war. He has the command of the Poroupino, which la one the English nary. Captain Otter mk the up Trinity Bay, and piloted her up tbb Bay -plaeo^ tb g eaWe. British nayy, being about the surveying steamers in but recently been assigned of the smallest steamers in Niagara while on her wi^jr of Bulk Arm, the landiny 1 I ' , f' ' '■rt THE NEWFOUNDLAND SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH. M THE AUXlLIAfiY TO THE ATLANTIC LINE. aPRpPnBhe The laying of jH||Hk,ariDe cable across the Gulf of St. Lawrence would have been sHpPnshed in August, 1865, but for a most unfortu- nate accident, or rather series of accidents, which postponed the comple- tion of the work for another year. The steamer James Adger was chartered by the New York, Newfoundland, and London Telegraph Company to tow the vessel in which the cable was coiled, and which it was supposed was then awaiting her arrival at Port au Basque, a small fishing village on the southern coast of Newfoundland. The James Adger left New Yorij at ten o'clock on the morning of the 7th of August, and as it was intended by the Company that the voyage should be one of pleasure as well as business, they invited a large party of their A-iends, to whom we shall without further ceremony introduce our readers:— Peter Cooper, Mrs. Cooper, Prof. S. P. B. Morse, Mrs. Morse, Master A. B. Morse, Cyrus W. Field, James S. Sluyter, Robert W. Lowber, Mrs. H. W. Lowber, Miss Ann Redfield, Rev. Qardiner Spring, R^v. D. E». Field, Rev. H. M. Field, Miss Gracie Field, Miss Alice Vi^l^^ Miss" Allen L. Hemdon, Dr. Lewis A. Sayre, Mrs. Lewis A. Sayre, David A. Sayre, Wm. M. Swain, Master W. J. Swain, John Tborn^ey, Prof F. Sheppard, Bayard Taylor, Miss Liizie Alger, John Conner, Rev. J. M. Sherwood, Mrs. Ann Palmer, Mrs. Edward D. Jones, mm Mary Stems, Marshall Brewer, P. N. Gisboume, Cha* T. Middlebrook, John Mullaly, T. W. Strong, D. C. Hitchcock, S. A. Richards, B. F. Ely, H. W. Barron, Geo. H. Brown, A A. Raven, F. O'Brien, P, H. Palmer, J. P. Palmer, Chas. J. Smith, Dr. P. A. Bruyere, John O. Kip, Chan. H. Houghton, J. W. Kennedy, Francis Winton, L. P. Palmer, Joseph Jones, Misa Cooper, Robert Ruseell. The weather on the morning of which we have spoken was all that eould be desired ; the sun shone out in an almost cloudless sky, and the light breeze that rippled the Burfiuse of the water served only to modente the tntemity of the summer's h e>t. Eve ry thing seemed to fiiTOT th< enterprise, and the crowd that thronged the deck of the steamer Won W f J, .'i ' . fi 52 -f^ THE OOBAX TELBORAPH. / ^H SM; I ■»' in I I i I i N, and i buoyant wiA bright and hopeftil antioipationfl of the fvtture. There waif an unnsnal bustle on Pier No. 4, North Rirer, that morning ; carriagw etime, dashing down with heavy luggage and light-hearted passeUgfra; ev ery body was in every body elSe's way ; people stood upon each other'i toes, and, strange to say, smiled good humoredly ; porterTwith aflanteai shoulders carried off trunks and portmanteaus of all imaginable shap^ and sizes, and deposited them in the most out-of-the-way places ; ne^rfr- RWrs were eagerly soliciting customers for the morning papers ; vend- er^N^f light literature were loud in their praises of "the Blood-red Aven^r," " The Desperate Burglar, or the Miser's Fate," " The Bandit's CavCj or^e Robber's Oath," and a host of other works equally taking and terrible jsfriends congratulated friends, and wished each other a happy voyage and safe return ; scientific men looked graver and more important than^ver, and pron«nnced their opinicHi for the hundredth time how " that d^ble " ^ould be, laid ; and loud above the din and ^ ^ bustle and oonfiisio^rose the shrill whistle of the steam-pipe, announcing that the moment of di^>arlkre was near. , " Let go that haws^ there," shouted several of the hands as they made ready to start, and^the passengers, who had till this time been is complete possession of jie\ deck, at once gave way. Then there was a general shaking of hand's, '*> hurrying to and fro," the last passenger arrived on boarct after losing his hat and cane in his desperate strug- "gle to be in time, the last rope was unfastened, the steam whistle gave out its last warning note, every bod^ was told for the la^t time to " look out, ' and the Jam^s Adger commenced slowly moving out into the river. Three hearty cheers greeted her as sbe sWung loose from the pier, and were repeated again and again as V* swept past. A salute of three guns was fired from her bow, which wV« rcspondftd to by anotJier from one of Spofford & Tileston's riteamers,\8nd the United States frigate Potomac holoored the company uad the enterprise in which they were ■ engaged, aa fim as the strict rules of the Navy allowed, by running up the Stars and Stripes to her peak Again and again we were cheered by oor fiienda who crowded the end of the pier, until only the &int echo of their voices could' be heard, and again and again we resposded with . a rivalry of friendship that was determined pot to be oatdoW We were soon under tall headway down the bay, and in a fisw minutes oujr fHends beoame indistinguishable in the lengthening distanoe. ; Th^ last t«» taw of them wu thn ^gh a telescope, |md (here they still stood at t)ie end of the pier waving their adieoa. Gradually we lost tif^i of t|ie large publio bnildbgs, and then tin* eity itaelf began to disapp ea r b elow the horiion Andjiow we tiaim i»ft a^f^n ItlMril behbd na^ and sweeping past Neviaink are out npoa the en iea. * vl* ^ l^rti «t ^ . 1 -^'^ ) S n 1 T&K tanrrovKDhASD casve. . ■»,•■ 53 / Oar first night on the water wm marked bj a grand display of , oelestUl pyrotechnics that illuminated the whole heavens, and converted the Kquid element ^hroogh which we ploughed our way into an ocean of #re. It appeared as if the powers of the air had determined *o signalize our miasio^ and they did so in tt peculiarly appropriate manner. The scene was .ont^ of those which could never be forgotten. Daring the evening an eleetrio machine was brought upon the upper deck, and it wa« there when/ the night set in.. Beside it sat Professor Morse, ita inventor, who ha4' been explaining thje principle of its construction to the company but a few hours before. Here and there were Kttle groiq>s, some on the bow, some on the wheel-house, and others soatterod about the deck enjoying themselves in pleasant social intercourse. The sweet music of woman's voice singing some favorite melody gave a new attrao* tion to the scene. At first the lightning flashed in bro&d sheets along ' , the horizon, then rapidly extending towards the zenith it lit up the^sk^ with an almost dazslii^ brQlianoy. From behind the denae heavy masseti of black clouds that hung on the ocean's verge wete flung, as^if by onseen' hands, huge balls of fire tliat left a track of flame to mark tlieir course along the heavens. At intervals gigantic fiery serpents darted frou thoc . place of ambush, writhing and twisting in their tortuou&irliiy tbroigfwthe ebon vault above, and then again all was dark as midnight. jQhtdoally the clouds spread over the sky, shutting out thq, pale and twinkling light of the stars, and the flashes of lightning beoame more vivid and morei frequent until the whole heavens was one mass of flame. For two htnuf ' we'gaaed on this magnificent spectacle, until the heayy drops of rain warned us of the ooming storm and drove us anwil^gly to seek shelter from its fury. ' , > That night we had a oOBOcrt in the tSler oaWn at whioh everybody was present, and in|rhich all who had voice for music and some who had not, joined.^ ISome of the best airs from Robert Le Diable, asxi other popular operis, were sung with the most exquisite taste by one of oos lady passengers, t^d then, to give variety to the entertainment, we hit4 the choicest jlelejtion from Negro Minstrelsy. " Robert tpi qtej'ainie,"' by the "Dandy Broadway SweU;" and " The Ooloiie4 ' shared the apj^use with " Come per m'a Serena" Ihf ell to his lady-love was sung by a votary of the oomio nnuWf evident^ a pathetio subject, and one in wbieh the afi)r^ said fair oie and her "gidliaat" lover churned the [^ynpathy qf th« hmrers, thol tale of their distress was heard with the most mafeelisg uwliffiBreocejand the end of eatdi verse yrun the signal fo» an outburst qf was foUov Fancy BaU,]! sailor's fiurei and althot ■| was, as Doi;berry lajs, " tttost tollable and not to be «adar«d." fhi$n «» -Ki <• glasses were in great demand, and those who were not so fortunate as to possess either, strained their eyes looking through spec tacles and spy-glasses in the vain hope that they would see somethinv like a ship twenty mUes off, and firmly believing that that ship wheS found would be the very one we were in search o£ We oouW perceive the flshermeto/s huts when within a distance of eight or ten miles, but no vessel except a few fishing sma oka greeted'our aoxibus ga«e. It was suggested that at a portion of the harbor was hidden from the view by high rocks, she taight no« be visible from sea; but even that hope Wis dispelled when we arrived at its entrance. Two scheoaers were lyirt g^ _ =Sf«ffiorWC^irtheCabfe Stipfiia not .^^ ' « t»'"f.^*S',.t"' THE NBWFOtmDLADD OABMi. 5fi though they were expecting her arrival over two weeka. A vessel vwas seen on ihe morning of Saturjiay answering to the description of our ship standing off Port an Basque; it was blowing so hard, however, and the wind was so adverse, that she was obliged to put to sea again^^ This was a great disappointment, aa the weather was most favorable for the laying of the oable,^and as we intended to begin work at the earliest hour ,n Monday morfabg. In this dilemma we could do noting but either await the arrival of the Sarah L, Bryant, or go direct to St. Johns, which we intended to visit before our return to New York, pay our respects whilp there to the autho/ities of Newfoundland, and aft^er ' « brief stay, Call at Port au Basque a^ain, *here it was confidently ezpected we would find the object of our search if she had not foui- Qered at sea. We lay outside the harbor three or four hours to land some articles which were required in the construction of the telegraph • at that point. Some of the members of the Company went ashore, where they were met by Mr. Canning, an experienced engmeer fpon^i London, who was engaged to superintend the laying of the cable. H^ confirmed what we had heard about a vessel hiving been seen off the coast the day before. , . , 1 ' - As our stay here was very brief) and aa many of us only saw t^e land from the deck of our steamer, we could form no correct idea ?■' '>)^tV'v\^^ '- r,| . 'I* r I J: ,J I': TBM ooKAs TBtxeaukra. ■> The morning of oar trriral, unfortunately, was rainy, and, u may supposed, the city did not appear to the best advkutag*; but the irandeuf of the suitounding scenery, and especially that of the coast, more than made up for the annoyance we felt in consequence of the weathei;. The island is protected on the east b]^he same bold moun- tainous line of coast which we had observed aU along its southern ex- tremity. Steep rooks rise to the height of seven and eight hundred &et almost perpendicularly out of the water, 'wjiich is so deep that the largest vessel might pass alongside within a few feet with perfect safety. In some places their front is scarred by deep seams *hjoh extend from their very summits, not unfrequently terminating in huge oaves at their base. We felt the strongest curiosity to enter some of these, und make explorations in their hidden recesses, hj^ had no opportunity of doing so, and were obliged to leaye withput gratifying our desire. They were just Buolr caves as we had read of long ago b our days of novel reading, recalling to mmd the thrilling aifVentures of pirates and smugglers, with their long, low, black schooners. _^_^ ■I 4 ■atBAmn n> n, «oaaX ifcilt.. Tho entfanoe into the harbor is so oonoealed from the view at sea, that we xsotlld not perceive it till within a distance of half a mUe On the right rises Signal Hill, to a height of at least six hundred feeL overlooking the town, and commanding a fine view of the country, which extends behind it like a gigantic panorama. TTe summit of this hUl is ■Oiggggd wit h a fort ification, .a d at i t a b oa c is an o the r, neith ^ o f whi ch.- J 'h . . %4i>^ 1"/ •'* ^ ^'^ -y . ' ,# '- .' ,-, 1« . t . THE VKWwovtfTnaany 0M3k^- in their prnsent oondition, would be oapable of resiating a w«U tnurtaiined attack by sea and land. Th« entrance or Narra4r8, as it is called, ia, \ however, well defended by other forta, and in me last warj it waa jpro- \teoled by an unmenae iron oha'a extending a<)rosa and fastened to the ^oks on either side. The marks left by drill^j^ holes in the rooks ue s^ill visible, as are also the remains of an old cannon and anchor whidi hiA served as holdfasts for the chain. Opposite Signal HiU, on tha otdier side of the Narrows, rises another hill, or monntain, as it shoqld mo^e properly be termed, to an elevaiionr above the level of the water of Aver six hundred feet. On the oUie/side of this, and about one hnn- '' dred and fifty feet from itsJbstieTanother fort has been erected, in the cenljre of which stands^^tife light-honse. While pacing this point we wer^ hailed by a selmer, who inquired where we were from, and how many days we/were out, and having SMwered him^iwe gave the good peo]|>le of «t Johns notice of our /approacB with a thundering salute that was repeated a hundred times' by the ^hoing hills. The Narrows is about a third of a mile in length, while it varies in width from three to fifteen hundred yards, and wja doubtless formed in one of those terrible coijivulBions to which the w^le island seems to have been subjected, and to which it probably owei^ its origin. It appeared as if the mountain hail been lorn apart, leayug a safe passage open to the harbor. The cit^ is built on the side of a hill that ascends gradually to a height of about a hundred and fif^y feet, and presents an exceedingly picturesque ap|pearanc«. It ovwlooJca the hArbor, wfaioh is a little over a mile in length, (tnd a quarter of a milo in width; and which is one of the best in the world, affording at all time^ a jnfe anchorage for ships o[ th« largest dimentiions. The first thing that strikes tite visitor Ut iU peculiar formation. After you have passed the entrance it htm the ap' pearance of a lake, so completely is it shut in firom tlie ocean. Gigkii> tie hills tower above fod m every mde, ex^t that on which the city stands, and on their rough and rugged deoEvitiet littla patehes of gai| dens have been made by Hkt) more ittdestrious of the fishermen, iir&0«e cottages help to subdue the natural wildness of the scene. JS^ ^e water's edge, and all around the harbor, are erected the stages ^ '* flakes " as they are termed, on which the oodfbh are cured. i^ X The town of St Johns has no public buildings that oa^ lay olaiitti iO.^ arobitectural pretensions, with the exception of Uie Carftolio CatbedraL which is a large and imposing edifice, built in the ptyle of the B(Hni^' Basilica, and capable of holding ten thousand persons, or little less than half the population of the whole city. It cost about five hundred tbofl-. -aaad dollars, aad-haa several fine peecfr of se ulptu rey a m or three of the best productions of Hogan, the celebrated Irish sculptor. §f^^*f^' •«*» 'St-w? ^1# ,%*( ^S,;;K;-5r 68 THB OCOtAJr TKLKOKAPH. [ I ii 'i i ■ 1 '1 \'f 3 ll 'i m I 1 i The Colonial Building, aa the structure in which the legiaUtive busineas of the Island is transacted is called, was built a few years ago at an expense of about two hundred thousand dollars. It is a square granite building, two stories high, with a large portico in front, supported by six Ionic pillars. It contains the chambers of the two logislatire branches, the House of Assembly and the Legislative Council, besides the library and a number of smaller apartments. A short distance from the Colonial Building is the Governor's house, in which Ohas. , H. Darling, the then Governor of the Island, resided. The country around St. Johns is remarkable for the diversity as well as the beauty of its sceuety.' In the afternoon of the day on which we arrived, a party of us enjoyed the luxury of a ride along an exquisite little valley called the Vale of Ri^crhead. The roads, which branch out in eVery direction from the city are, withbut the least exaggeration, among the finest in the world ; and Topsail Road, which runs along the side of one of the hills that form the boundary of this valley, affords one of the most delightful drives iff this part of the country. As you ascend the more elevated parts of it you can see the whple town of St. Johns, the harbop which lies at its feet, and the lofty crest of Gibbet and Signal Hills, towering in the more remote distance, beyond which the deep' blue of the Atlantic is visible through the huge gaps of the coast moun- tains. Below you, almost a| your feet, lien the Vale of Riverhead, forming in its quiet beauty a taiarked contrast with the wild mountain scenery by which it is surrounded. A small stream fed by tiny rivulets from the rough sides of the mountains poprs its olear waters through the centre of the valley, making sweet music aa it sweeps sparkling over its rocky bed. In some places its course i* broken by miniature cas- cades, that glitter like a shower of diamonds in the warm sunlight, while in others it is almost wholly concealed from the sight by over- hanginir^rees, beneath whose shade it» waters beiJome black as midnight. It is a trout stream too— just such a one as Walton would have de- lighted to angle in. Beautiful little cottages dot its banks, and here and there may be seen, through the jealous foliage thAt clings around them, the more ihiposing mansions of the wealthier ibhabitants of St. Johns. It is a lovely scene, and might have tempted a less ardent admirer of the beauties of nature than we professed to be, to linger a few weeks amoilg its attractions. But necessity- -" stem necessity," as the poet calls it — interposes: the cable must be laid, and in a few days more the charming Vale of Riverhead will be lost to our view, perhaps forever. Saturday , the 18th, was the day fixed forofar departure, bnt stil l w q_ were unwilling to leave till we had made sdme return fo* the hospitality -^; " 1 1 : < y rwa NKWFomn>LAND oabub. 59 we had received from the peoplki of St. Johns. The Oompiusy, therefore, inT'tod over two hundred of (he principal inhabitants of the city on ap excursion about ten miles ^dtside the harbor ; 'and about twelve o'olook we Bet out with one of tb^ mo8t pleasant and sociable parties that was evet collected on the deck of a steamer. The day was as fine as could be desired, and the ^enery of the coast magnificent. We saw the " Speiiting Book " ai^ it is called, which is one of the greatest natural curiosities in the island, and, perhaps, in the world. The rock itself is not more than thirty feet above the surface of the water, and has a cavity in its centre which runs through it to the base, and which is from six to seten feet in diameter. A small stream of fresh water flows from an overhanging hfll into this oftity, and when the tide is out finds its way through an opening in the rcnk into, the sea. » When the tide is coniing in the vr&vea rush" with sucl force into this hole as to throw the fresh water in tne cavity to a height of twenty, and sometimes forty feet. ■FOimin} BOOK, KMAM n. tomrn. ■:?#■ / After a pleasant trip of two or three hours along the obast we returned with our guests to the harbor, where we parted with many mutual regrets. Cheer after cheer was given and returned, handkerchiefs were waved, and when we oould hear each other no longer, the cannon thiin- dored out our adieus. While passing through the narrows, Mr. Huested, who was engaged bv the Company to tlast the Merlin Rock, which lay right in t|ie way of Vessels entering the harbor, and which was very dan- gerous to those of the largest class, got up a grand submarine explosion J[9L9Hff P^*?! T^S^^r^^y^^'^-rr T^yp fattj hardl y p assed OYerthftjOfik. when ^e explosion took place, throwing up a vast body of water tath*' ' '^i «-■■ '11 '"'in' ,«■ I.'." il m . ■'^^f!- i; .1 s;r .- J * .■ . . S ' .; ! : ; t '- ] I? I ,(1 4^ ; f 1 = ii ■. Ii- ^^'I^VN,'"!/ « iWB ocBijur mjBoiupa. hdght of ,i,ty or -erenty tm, and taking th« moantilinB on eltkw «de hke an eart^^ake. Our vesael tr«„blti with the conUn InJ pa«engo™, to the great abasement of those who escaped. On clearing B^^t awi " '^"'' '^"^ '* •'^"*«» *« «"<» the Sa^i L. orTant awaiting oar return. « "•"•u u. About fire o'clock on the morning of the 20tl. nf A«»««* to Port in JJ.I,.. to d^„ „ij^ u, jn-J tohope. WhUe we wore i^oulating on the probability of S be ng^ S««h L. Bryant, a toaU row boat waa observed approaching our st^nT and m less than half an'hour we were within haiSg dis tanJ ^or. those n. ,t wa- Mr. Sluyter. the eaptain of the vfetoria, which 3 also be ^en lying in the harbor. Mr. Field,, who, with Jeral otZ. was on the bow of the «t<«nier «uio«8ly awiiiia., 7hl I ^ ' hailed them. «««io«8iy awaiting their approach, now ■Amaos or ion xv Mjmvan. "Has the bark arrived ? » he cried out, in a stentorian voice. A wave of the^hat was the only reply; but it was enough, and om wild enthuaiastic hurra broke from those on board thn .U,^^j^^^ "Hold on KoM nn " .«;j Tlf- i!«:„ij «_..".„ ^ - "Hold on, hold on,"«ud Mr. Field, " wait "till we areceruL" U< ■ -■ ■■+ -r ■■■'»#**• ^^^ f: THB i»cwfoinn>i.An> oabue. 61 Then repoating hin question, he was answered in the affirmatire. The oompany were all impatience to give Tent to their enthusiasm, bat they restrainefl their feelings for a few moments, longer. " When did she arrive ? " he asked. ■'''g ^i tQ^ ' " On Wednesday," was the reply. 0^^m^. This was sufficient, we were ampl3iam|^^M|juixiety we snffered, and three soch cheers as followed the cBBMllliCnw seldom been heard. After all, we had not come from New riifll^w^^^itless errand, and we would yet, if favored a little longeripP^lSabled to lay the cable whioh is to b« the first link in oonneoting the Old World with tb« Hew, and bringing the people of both ooiitinenta into instant commnnioatioD , with each other. After all, we oo.old tell qnr friends on our return thai we had aooomplished the great undertaking, and that the first important submarine telegraph had been laid on this side of the Atlantic, We hitd now reached the entrance to the harbor, and could distinctly see the masts of the long expected vessel towering above the roois, with the stars and stripes flying from her mii^on peak. In a few minfitea more we gave her a salute from onr cannon, and ere the echoes died away among the distanb bills, the little Victoria responded again and again, till she was completely enveloped in a cloud of smoke^ It WM a grand sight for the people/>f Port an Basque, the quiel of whose little village was never before disturbed with such boisterous rejbicing. A number of children were amusing themselves on the side oi JimJ^ilB which bound the harbor, and enjoying the ac^ne before them^pnpUt*- greatest aest, but the first report set them scampering like afl^d|f. frightened deer, and fearing a second attack, they disappeared like magie^ In a few minutes we were anchored^-alongside the bark, auL all was »• citement and bustle among the passengerik W9 all wanted to go ashore, but as the number of boats was not eqnal to the demand, many had to remain on board. It was soon asoertained that it would be imposaiblo ' to commence the work of laying the cable for twp or thrde days, so tlitt there would be an opportxmity for eyery one to giratii^ their desire. Th« Sarah L. Bryant had, it appeared, very tempestaons weather, and for^ ^ twenty-six hours wi j exptmed to all the fury of a terrible gale^ dorii^ whiol her hatehes wer» battened Mid she jras running onder bare pole«. On the arri al of the James Adger at Port an Basque, we fbjand that the mechl^u -.-Mrruigements oft board the Sarah L. Bryant, for the laying of the oablef were not completed. It was i^eaolved, under these oiroomstances, that the steamer should go to 0^>e Nwth and seleet the best and nearest portion of the coast \o Cape Bay, the point of ooiineo< lioo. Mr.HPield-and auiav biaUiub or e^twa trf tlw 'pMengNV'TV mained at Port tjjo. Basque till the return of the steMAer, and as we 1/i i^J 4^ u- %' A' ' Jwjij||iV*l%«. , 1 "i V'^ 1- • 62 THE OCEAN TELEGHAPH. & rOVt Atr BASQITK. to make up for tho inequalities in h/w. 7. "''"' ""''' ""•'^^'^ operation of coiling alone took fourteen ays V/e lach !" ' ""' '" simple m its construction, and was thmm^Il^i, T '"ach.nery was very Mediterranean cable Tl p ^17 *** """ "'"'^ '" ^'-^^'''g ^^ - - roller, andtt th?s Sir, ^eZl^r^^^^^"^^^^^^^^^ it passed again over two large whlu ^ ^ Lfh f 7 I- '"" "'"'' these revolved it w,« th,^ wneei8,.each eight feet in diameter. As of the ve I The" h^ I " " f- ""* ''^" «'^'^'''' -«^ «- «tem two long e/ers Ld two lo "" "'''^'':' "'*'' '""^ ^'''^-' ^-""ked bT the cable ^J s"!!!?'"^"' ''^°' "" '"'''"^'^' *" ''^^^«"* ' vent it from runZ off hv f ""\^ ^''^ ^^««^' »« ^«" - to pre- of the machinerT ' '^"^ ""* " '''''" "^""^^^^^^ '^'^ ^ V .. -'V=-f - -^--^ - -- L. ;^nt was towea ^t-;j"g place, being neare^byfiver^IoCaprir^^^^^^^^ "" f* nuother groat advantage it posseted over PnT T ""^ *''*' saudy beach which ^rL ■ '^^. ^ *'^«'^ ^Of* »« Basque : it had a fine Place^orthel hr;:k?7""'^"^*'^^^^^ than rocks. Once it becomes imbedded in sand, U V) THE NKWroXraDLANl) CABi;,E. 63 may lie there for a century, but if exposed to friction on rocks, it woul|| be worn away or cut through in loss than a year. It was found necessary to remove the telegraph instruments from Port au Basque co the point selected on the beach of Cape Ray Cove, which in itself waa a most tedious and laborious work. As a number of ■i i n m ' ill ■ }' ^ 'i ■• f 'I i'' ii I," 'i 64 THB ■jDCBAN TBXBQBAPH. 4& ^e pMsengera vo unteered their assistance, however, it wa. expedited, TJJ^ *J^'-« o'clock every thing was transported to the place desig- nated. Here ft was decided to erect a frame house, which was an un- dertaking of no small magnitude when the limited means and facilities If P''^''^^'-^ °«°«J^^'«d. The Victoria was employed in carrying the frame and timber for the purpose from Port au Basque, but when she arrived with them at the Cove it was found that she could not ap- proach within several hundred- feet of the shore on account of the shal^ tCT 1 T ""''""- '^^'^ '"' '^^'^'^ ""•^^ *^««« circumstanoos therefore to form a raft, and on it to land all the timber required for the building of the house. The largest planks were accordingly thrown over the propeller's side, kshed 'together with ropes in the form of a square, and on this was placed the frame work, the shingles and the other parts of the structure. e u me After HI houx.'s hard work, in th« Mone of whielr tte «fl gtre way Wfo or three timeB, they suoceedcd i^ getting aU the timber upon it and »• attaching it to a boat prepared to tow it tUioie. The prograpg made in rowing wu rather slow, but titey at last succeeded by hard tagging and .' pulling to get it within fifty or sixty yards of the beach. Here how- ever, the vaves were so high, that it wa^ eonatdered by some exceed- ingly perilous to land in the midat of them ; but as the whole shore was Imed with breakers, and it became evident that thero w»i no other re- source, they went to i^k in atter deflanoe of the danger. " Row ahead," said Oajlain Sluyter, who WM on the raft with one of his crew, " row ahead." The fiahermen pulled with might and main and m a few minute* after the order WM given, they were in the midel ! Tt - ■sin" ^SSMi 4 #■ THE IfKWFOUNDLAND CABLE. ^ 66 m of ihe breakers, which threatened eyery moment to swamp the boat. They saw they were in for it now, and as ftiere was no retreating, they rowed with redoubled energy; but the raft, which hai held together better than was expected after leaving the side of the steamer, now ex- hibited strong symptoms of going to pieces, and it had hardl^ got b among the breaker before it parted in the centre, leaving Captain Sluyter on one portion and his assistant on the other. Their position ^ beoMue every moment more danger0M,«tk8 the planks on which they stood were very slightly secured, but by the most unremitting exertions they gncoeeded in keeping them together, and in getting safely ashort. A large portion of the timbers would doul$ll6Bs have floated off with the receding tide had it not been for those on shon5|rho rushed up to their armpits in the water, and not without some risk, hauled them up on the beaoh. In this they were assisted by the dogs, which seized the planks in dieir teeth, and although sometimes over a Itnadred feet out, swam ashore with them. iau« When all the ttmbei wh landed t^e finune of the bouse was pot up, ud in an iaoredibly short cpaoe of time it was prepared for the reo6p« tion of the batteries and other telegraph instruments. A deep hole was dug in the oestra of the building, and in thi# was sank a heavy piece of ^. timby about Hm mnkam of aa ordiaaiy captttp. A boghead was ♦ '♦* ■* • 'ukt'A\ I ' ftpff y^^t,<. f m:. .-■•-iji ) -I t'f ir ' • '^^-\ ■ j pla^ orer this again, and the intennediato qmiU Mhreen ip and the capstan, as we shidl call it, being filled up, it wala randi^ a6>fim that it would hold the largest vessc^ in a gale of wind. Around this ibe eable was to be wonnd, and although the steaining' produeed by it was oomparatively slight, it wa» oonsidered necesaary to have it well seoond in ease of emeigenqr. " J \ . • ,._^. . Every thing was now prepared and ip readiness tot the layii^ of the cable, whieh was oonuneneed on Thursday, the 28d of August. It was a most exoiting feoene, although attended with little danger to those employed in Ae kying and p^g out of the line. The Sarah L. Bryant wu lying a littlriess thui a mile from the ebate, and tiie steamw Victoria about half that distance. A sufficient quantity of the cable ^ taken from her hold and placed ini the form of a ooil up<» twp boats kehed together. This was performed with little diiSoolty ; bat Oe toWing of it ashore was a most critioal task^ and Nquired all the at- tention and care of Mr. Canning. It was impossible, without imminefit: risk, to employ either the James Adger or tiie propeller in this part of ' the^work, as neither could approach spffioiently near the shore to land the eable.-^t was therefore decided, as the only safe and practicable plan, that the, boats should ite towed ashore by two oihen manned by fisher- men, and some et the hands from the steamers. As soon as the eibl« was placed on board the boats, they were taken in tow, and then mi^- ' nenoed the tedious process of paying out Its whole weight was aboot fbtir tons, and as it had to be paid out with' more caution than would be required in laying it fiW the ship, at least five hoora w(fa.«OBii|n«d jn lax^cliog and piMing it jQb^nneetion with the b»tta)(kfc |^-^ • i;^«%^ if"-"- c * r -<#^ J.mr , ^ .^».,««,™ is. (rffcj # ^/ THB inBWVOtmt>I.AND OABLS. ©7 W len the boats havii^ the cable on board eommeneed paying it oat,, 4lk«7 moTod BO alowfy that th«ir progress was hardly perceptiWe from ' ^e end of the cable having been secured by sereriil coils aroubd I .jj^o^Mtan, -fe reniained at anchor that night, and ^kde ready to start Mr^y the followiii^ mMnini^ That morning, however, « we were pr^ V0t*i. by a d||tB8e fog, whidi i^ndered it exceedingly ^j^rpus for us to attempt suofa an undertaking, In fact, if we fdlt ever so mueh in- 0^««^M would, jh»T« been alnoft impo^Ue, «a we oould not discern o^iisl itin distance of a hundred yards.; ^W^ were obliged, therefore, to r«nain where we were during the greater part of the day, anxioudy wattling every sign ai. a change in the weather. One of our boats, oon- > tabing seven w eight persons, voilured out, and having mistaken. the dinetion of ttte lan^, came rery near being lost The error, however. '■•W :-f i sJ,d' ■ ' I f >o.li;i^&'W%«S. '<* \ :^ jk,>r5*_A. > • Kj %l ' ' ( I ^L^ 1% Li THE OOB^ir T^IHiUFSj %. the Bttem^i>%#^iit of rigli^ iip^ ba^t oTC^il no ohsn^l^ Idiw «U bope of the fog ol howewjf, Tue oan^t*lki»t tei^ *nd in a few mina jh»iL Slowly the fog began to lOlir w« disoerned tiie ship and-fi^ id abont one-foorth of the (iffiAiaMe breeze aprungnp which aasisM in , , — ,,ivx . - - "WM fi'^erj indication ,that w^illdA h*T? line ^i^lr flilBe mcniiBg for the proaecntion of our worf^^t ^t. »%r&oking a^pnt hftre for four or fire days, we had a t^ftt^ proepeot l^l^ting aw^y.vnd we^congratuJated each bther on our g^ fortune. Itf MO days more, «nd with la continnanoe of emch .w«t1^^ i^.wovl4 be||bOape North with Ae end of the cable, end ready, iko ^H for home. But here, agaiu, we were doomed to disappointmeitt **^t<{4 longer stay off tljis blflikand de«oIat9 coast. The breeieM js\ we were indebted for dwufing away the fog, fresheneds near mid. ' nlg^, wld before daybreak blew » perfoc* gal*. Notwithstanding th« state of the weaker, it waf deeded ,trf start in the m<»mJiw, and about ' six o'clock we accordingly weighed iinchor and made read> to tow the Bh^ to sea. All this time we wew under shelter of the land, and ^ ^ough it blew with great riolencA, the wares i»n l«rw. .Having suo^. oeeded, after ihe greatest difficulty, in attaching the Sarah L. Bryant iwllb a hawser, we prepared to tow her, but in this we were prevented by Another obstacle. It was found, after repeated attempts, impoetible to raise hwr an<*or; and, having no other alternative, her detain WM ^^gbliged to slip it, having previously attached a bitoy to the chain l« '^ark its location. All thu time the submarine cable held on to the ship, a|thoudi subjected to a great strab. In the midst intense excitement t hioh prevailed on board the ste^er, it watra that it had given why, Ht^bad only duftppeored f^om o turn nkmietits, and i^en ^^n|«d "gaiB, there it WfkS, ho! B death-like tenacity. LyMplBt of aUlite troabte it was to see this ; we fill* grateRT^t our labor had not re-assured as to Qiestrengthi it was said to posMH. We IM^ endeavored to get Into ft proper position to tow ™- but after several iiwffootual attempts, we w«r« ^bUged to giv« if despair. Bofli the Ateamw and tiie bade were ahnost otmipetdly ^ -mercjr of the elements ; the hawser got under our wheek, and aerioai ftppreheosions were felt thftUt wob14 )nterfor» witili Uieb.aetioa 1^ tifaaMy, ihey e«eiq|Md wHhAi^ damsgfrf^tal ire hirf ka»dly got«l«tt«f ■ft**^! ••#*;, t^ti*.-^»X-(]Ky«rJ.V. \4 ," THE NBWIOimDLAKD OABLB. 69 '* it when the ejiip was observed drifting down upon ub with suol^ rapidi^ as rendered a^colliaion inevitable. , From the moment her anlohor waa ' dipped she beeame unmanageable, and although every effort f&a made to^t her bow i^a straight line with our stern, it was found ibpossible to do 80. There seem^ to be some terrible fatality hanging over her, and as she came down sftm foremost upon our bow, our worst fears wer^ excited for the safety of both vessels. The propeller was.lyii^ off at a diBtanee of two or three hundred yards, but she could render! no assist- ance, and any attempt she might^make would only render the 'matter more serious. f The scene on board our steamer wa§ |>ainfully exoi4»ng;| evenr one. crowded to the larboard side, awaiting the collision in breathlcU amuety. The captab, as soon as he discovered the imminence of the dinger, gave orders to reverse the wheels, and we were now mo^g out p{ the way of the ship, but so slov^ly that wo appeared to m^e no progreiH. "Baol^^ her I back her 1 " he criepl out to the first miite, who passed (be order to the engineer. " Badk her ! whj don't you back her ? " roarM the cap- tain of the Sarah L. Bryant; but the ships appeared to ba drawn to- gether by some irresistible attraction, and in a few minutes af^r^ the order was given they atruoL The larboard bow of our steamer ciime in con- tact with the stem of ^^e l^l. but 40t with such violence as we an- ticipated. None of our timbers were stiarted, the-^j^y jdamage we received being two slight .scratches about five feet aboveftw water line, while the, bark was uninjured. Our escape appeared almost miraculous, for at on« time it seemed as if nothing could save us, but aow that the ' fearful suspense was over the excitement died away. Thcf ladies were ^dt on deek whe6 the accident oecurred|,as. they had in oomplianoe with the request of the «(j^|^||jtired^tc!||^^ a short time before. They "^ were ignor«^.of|^*cBilfei{ thef^fd)^, tiU^'Jwas all over. We escaped; 0ve have said, almitet b^ iiiraole, a serious catastro- phe; but w%^ere not as y^t clear of the bark, andmose than once we were near ebitaing ineontaot %ain. It was found^eoessajry to, cut t||m kawser on board our ship, an^to let her ti^ oare of fajj^lf unW' ,l|inoald get into a better posffion. As sQon as we parted fiom her she ii^l^ her remaining aaehor, still holding jn fo the suhmttii]^ cable, and we also eame to anchor about the s«ne ^e. '"''- -^-'—-^ -- ^'-=- Btate for about an hour, when we saw tw6 or three Op at half maai on bdn^sl the bark— animal of dis she unfkrled 9U| We r^ained in this or streamerA' run anchor, and to oat the Bobokarine ' her, aod^ I, and stood, out to se^ >m drifting on the rooi „,,^d off frpm the shore. > lur^ of most skilful . L I Shortly ^ftes,, (ifi^l&d iQi^er liy^few minutes ivres yttaobed ■%A .( t P„ lis.'f /.• 70 THB 6OEAN TELEOBAPH. her to our stern by a hawser. When we finrt apprraohed, sereral efforta wer» made to throw a rope over her side, but without sncceM, when onr captain changed the position of onr Teasel bo as to let her drop under onr stem, and allow a rope to be flung to one of the men on her bowsprit. The rope was caught, the hawser hauled on boardy and in less than a quarter of an hoar we had her safely in tow. ) tuna AMEI) JtMB WlUB I. SITAn UATI>« CXn BAT. Donng this dsifficnlty the bark Jlort twd of her anefaots, «nd th« steamer was obliged to part with < ae of faers, kaTing only two between both yessels. Both of these belonged to onr steamer, bat m' it was im» possible for her to rettim near the land without some seenrity, oar cap- tain was obliged to give her one of his own. The 26th being Sunday ire did not more from the Com, and ■ part of the day was spent in repairing the cable, which broke agaiii ab(»i after. It was evident now tJliat the portion whieh had been laid most be abandoned, and that it should be relanded and seoored anew to the &stening8 in the telegraph hoose. At an early boor on Monday morning the 27th, the Victoria took the bark is tow, and brought her within a distance |f aboat six bandied yards from the beach. The caUe was then placed apon the boats, as described in the piWding diapter, saeoessfbUy landed, and placed in oofinectioB with the batteries. A stiff breeie firom the norOt-west how ever pii«Tented the proseeution of the work, and it was deemed advia^k v\ >1**^i •<1 tL- ^-'l^MPKlti , il..' s„ T^pt'sraaBEt-iKa ■■* < : THB KBWFOTJUDUlKD OABIJt. 71 lereMl looesa, et hear le men boftrdy i the bweeo ^. utim* 1 r cap- od • , ^OKm ^ mtut o the took idrad til, as edin how* sahk I to defer it till tho next morning. Outside the Gove the waves ran ap lugh that any attempt to land the cal)}e would have endangered the aafetj of both veasela. That day therefore we remained at anchor, and flattered onrselres with the hope that the weathor would soon prove" more aoapicioos. The following morning was all that could be desired ; the waves had subsided to a gentle ripple, there was scariOely a cloud to dim the bright- ness of the sun, Oape Bay appeared resplendent in his beams, and every thing seemed to favor the enterpriaa As the first dawn of morning tinged the eastern horicon, the back raised her anchor and was towed out to our steamer, which' lay at a distance of half a mile from the beach. In less than an hour she was attached to the James Adger with a haw- ser, and the process of laying th^ cable was commenced in eamesi All oor delay seemed trifling in view of our certainty of snooess-^r no one entertained liny donbt&now of its snoooss, so long as Uie weather proved fbvorable. The first two miles of the oableVere laid witixont an aodT dent, but just as they were oommmioing on the third a kink oeourred, "and it was found necessary to stop the steamer to repair the damage. In the oourse of an hoar all was set right and we were under way again ;^ but in a few mintltes ntore tiie white flag whid had be«a agreed upou as a signal before ttarting, was dii^layed, uid we were obliged to Aop. Mr. Canning aftervrards said, that the speed of the steamer, even at its lowest rate, was too fast for the purpose, and that it was almost impos- sible for his men to pay oat the cable with sufficient rapidity. Eight were employed in the hold turning out the coils, and eight more in attend- ance on the machinery. The position of those in the hold was one of eonsiderable danger, and two or three were severely braised by the eable as they were in the act of uncoiling it. It required their constant' vigilance, and greatest activity to keep dear of it as it swept up through ,the hold, for if onoe caught within its folds, the ooQSiaqaence would have b^en serious, if not fatal. To avoid this, they^stood on the out* side oC'-^e coil, raisia^^up and passing it out at the rate of ifwo, and sometimes, three mil flK ||t'hour. Several kinks d^pno up to twdve o'clock on Tuesday night, and ijl^ns j|wjM>rt«d on boani of. our steamer at one time that the cable had parted, i This report, however, was found to be incorrect, and it was iaetttiikfd tiiat it only required splicing, and that it had to be qat to i^Ikk^^ i(aeeearfi4l|fi| ^lu* was a tedious task, and took till seven o'clook|the\f9llQwi^uioming to accomplish. From thil till four in ihe nftemoto th|ey had fery few 8topp«^«»grthe maohigffi:?WoJkel admix- aUy— «nd slthoagh imr steamer was still somewhat mp*t, the Mble was paid out with less difficulty than h&d been experien(^bjgfor(^||{Jp f I 31 • -^s}^l&i\MS* It ■■' \ 5 : 1 *■ t If ^ If i li r • % '■■ I V »*> > Xv. THE OOXAif TBU9G»BAP0^ iZlr!^^ ^- ?^f J^!"'^'" "ot «o arduoua when Ihey reaohTthe four^i" r T ""'' '^♦"'^ "«^* «^ «*• P'*"!'". which fourteen milee du.tant, we felt eUted at the project of there m .few hoars more. We were, it i. true'ZewUt by a break talnng plabe in two of tho three copper wires that'WU *^ 'e^uned perfect. Still, strong, hppes we«, enterS Jhar^hen once landed, all the wi«» would be in good workinir c^ ."rnf«f fl?T>T '"^''"' *»»«^«««» ^d^ble to land it at i,. tot^Te ^\"*^ '' ^-^^ ^"^ as was at fir.* propoai rf *h«Jli ^!f*'"°."***y*"' Jfot more than thirty-thri miles of S^w'rT%"' ^!r *•" "*'"« *^^ •UowaTiorlt^ol «u higXltw«oX and threatening, ani th vessels. The ocean the distance of four «e no loiter be seea To ,puM kiak clwtrred. in the CabW -h,^ ^u. vesseis wa* , Ihey nulde sewil attempts to repair the dinart. tj^^bork rolled with mioh ^lenoe thitt the ; F 7 "^^ ■''*'' **» looeea wild :es hig^ ,n spMt over the dboks of both red wiA a mist that rendered objeot8,.>t-' lUes, invisible, and St. Paul's Island could ■**— position stiiynore •ritictff^othiey •th vessehi w^loompeUedlc) lay tor ' #lii««|u,oleir iSiA work, and it ^mih the greatest difficulty they codgL ev^rtand on thi fl^ Ereiy^ywM now fixed on Mr. Cannatd^^r^!^ tS^ feveriA ««e^ for bim to giye the ord<^^t le^cdble T^l b^^ form^^hoar aband^DaU h^^inTalt la^t ^^d ' i'Wi¥3. ■■■T-"f TSS KSWFOUNDLAJEU) CABLE. 73 % iran wire, not mooh more than an inch in diameter, ooold hold two vessels under suoh ciroumsCanoeB. When Mr. Oanning refused to out the oable, and there appeared to be no prospect of the gale abating, the captain of the bark, Mr. Pons- bnd, told him he would have t^give tb^rder, as the safety of bi(( diip was now endangered. " Mr. Oanning," mid he, " I shall be obliged to out the cable." §<' You can do as you please," said Mr. 0. in reply, for he would per- sist no loD^r in^s attempts to save it, as it had now become'a matter of life and death. The next minute the cable was out, the white flag which had beezl displayed on the bow for the last two hours was' low; ^ed, and we were oncd more in motion with the bark in tow. j^^ On boci'd our steamer the paying -out of the oaMe was regarded with Mtgreatest interest, from the moment we started ^ta Gape Ray C6ve. A^ntoh 01 twQ^hours was organised among the company, to be kept up till VBBaohed the place of destination. Two persons were appointed on dHnlratoh, whose duty it was to "SCtend to tike signals on the bark, and to stop poj^eamer when required. During the daytime, the chief engineer, Mr.Vpkt, assisted in this part of the work, and the passengers will never forg^ ih6 feelings with which they heard him call out to the man at the engine to " Stop her," or the relief they felt when he gave the word to " Hook her on, and let her go slow." We dreaded, the appear- ance of the whlj» flag, for it was an indioatibn that something was wrong on board the bark, and when it was lowered it seemed as if an oppres- M sive weight had been removed from our minds. But when the gale ^ eame on, anfthe lives 'bf all on board the Sarah L. Bryant appeared t<^.. i, be in imminent dangei', the interest became gainfully inienae. Alth " No," wa? the reply. " Are you short of coal ? " < " Yes, rather." ' ' , / . ' " Is the other steamer short of coal also P ", he again asked ' " Yes, wo are both short." " Then I shall lie by you all night, and if you should need assistaooe you shall have it." True to his word, Captain Parrls ranalned by us, and as we saw the green and red lights of his stsuDsr gleammg through the darkness of that long and weary irigh>, ^e onjoyed » feeling of aeoi^ty for those on board the bark we had not felt for hours before. About seten o'clock ob Thursday momiBg, the Argus came along. Bide again, and w« obwrved one of bet men holding a black board on her paddle box, hariiig the following insoribed fc UrgoJetteni upon it: CAM yrm kemom to^ 4^ ^iijwABigi ? Our.captim shook his head in »rty, fca| tie Engjisbnan was not satisfied witVthis, and taking a short turn, oame b«i>)[ and again dis- played bu bla^ board, with tlie following wofds : :, , • ,. ANnrpBr-Tni, oa m t as 1 am wr jilr *ia|iAo* This was definite e»o«gh and lequired tt> citplisii «i»wer, which iras giTen prompUy. A pieoe of ofaalk was prodaoed, and the significant monosyUable" No "written in gigantic characters on the side of our Bmoke stack. This was sufficient, and in a few minutes more the Areds left us ; but long after she disappeared beyond Uie horison we could trace her course by the black line of smoke whioh:Bhe left along the sly. On Thursday afternoon, about four o'clock, we took a pUot on board, and an hour after we were safely anchored opposite the coal wharf of N bi "fo th tl t« Si a] fi w w t( G n tr .-■....-;^>,,.,.^^,. I - ft^init^^v^-i<^^^ i_k»MMJi£rt4l^-r ' f- ■ Tms NEWPOtrUDLAWD OA.BLR. 76 North Sydney. Our etay hero was muob longer tbi^ we sfitioipatod, but wo made the best use of our time, and before ciur departure had "formed nuracnniB aoqnaiutances, and were tolerably well posted up in the character of the pl^oe and its people The Sarah L. Bryant was left at Sydney, where th^remaining thirty- three miles of the cable were taken ashore, and tho propeller Victoria took her departnrelbr St. Johns at an early hour on Sunday mormng, September 2d. A few hours later wo startad for home, and after a faror- able passage of three days, we arrived within sight of Long Island, about fire o'clock on the jaoming of the 5th. Our pilot, Mr. Thomas Vail, who came with us from New York, now took charge of our steamer, which arrived eafoly at pier No. 4, North River, on "Wednesday, Sep- tember 5th. This ended tho first attempt to lay the cable across the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Tho following year, however, ^ second attempt was made, and with cdmplete suooess. •if >2|r i* I- ^m ■m - ! riv IS 5 M' Op J m M ^-- ■ %^ #► THE FIEST ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH EXPEDITION: ™Z" """'l'^'""' ^'ig"* Ni.g.n., which h,„l b«ili doUUed for th» h^'^W .' -fi-\^t««- powera The impracticabUity of h wo^fe nad been shown agam and airain hnt th^ «,«„ ^ l j v* me worK were not to bo Sn^aTedTv^e flTa "^l" were Called enthnsi^J. J Z^^^^.i^U^^Zt^Z. ''' should have bee^ «, far led airtz^y by a splendid ioeaibilityrj^ uH cable abno«t two tiaouaand xoUes «,r«» «,« bedT Z c^ sl^^^to them as chimerie»1 ,6, the idea of establishing oommunioaSe^fth^ Besides the kne,^' Acuities wWah sUkkI in the way of ZIIST «»mu» had worked wondera. hn* it «^u „„* „v.rT^ .™^. . ^'*™» ■■'\ .>rl genius had worked wondew, b«* Uoould noTaieve in.^^^iJ^tiea'^S i the idea of the Atlantic telegraph never conid Wk''^ 80 they argued, that the realiBfld n«7 1\ V -~ "■•"""" ««»egrapn never couJ( >t«lf. Our^Gotemment. to/.ts credit be it said, had acted genero^ *^ 1^ *• # 1'v;. \ ^ ^ WA^}«Hn •♦-'fl^^ N -iil*ii^-*:.:«^«-,->;»L'' =;->* » -^ . -v^'' THE mter atlantio expedition. 7T C. in the matter in selecting the largest and best appointed ship for the great experiment, and the English OoviSrnment on its part displayed no lesjs liberality. And now that the Niagara is fairly off, i*'e will intro- duce the reader to her commander and officers : — ;; C!q)tiiin,W.L, Hudson; Commander, A. M. Pennock ; Lieutenants, Jal.*H. North, J. D. Todd, John Guest, Cl^k H. WeUs, W.^D. Wbit- ;, ing, E. Y. Macaulay, Beverley Kennon ; Surgeon, J. C. Palmer ; Purser, Joseph C. Eldredge; Passed Assistant Surgeon, A. M. Lynah; Ajwist- anfSurgeon, T. W. M. Washington; Captain of Marines, J. C. Rich; Lieutenant of Marines, W. 8. Boyd ; Chief Engineer, W. E. Ererett ; !6"irst Asfltfl., John Faron, T. A. Shook ; Second do., M. Kellogg, John W. Moore; Thi|;d do., Alex. Grier. Tbos. R. Ely, J. McElwell and H. 'Kut« ;■ Boatswain, Robt. Dixon ; Carj^nter, H. P. Leslie ; Gtmnef, John Webber; Sailmaker, Wm. B. Fugitt; Captain's Clerk, J. W. f*Jfudsoii ; Purser's Clerk, Edward Willard. ^ore ir«lf a few gentlemen who went out op the expedition aa paa-' senf^on t^rdtl^NiagahL These were : Professor Morse, Captain «^ Scljwarta, and. Lieut. Kolobnm, of t|ie Russian Navy, wid the author. - ",*^'']jfteField subsequently joined the vessel in England. i 'TSfcttd^now, as the Niagara is fairly entered upon the e^»edition, and id to have an individuality of her own, we will invite tLo u^ , tentionUI^'bur readers to the character of the vessel herself and Hhe little world which moves within her. They wiU thus be better enabled to 'ntpderattod more perffectly many of the details which i^^epresented in the course of this narrative. Very little in fact is kndPn about Jife on board a naval vessel, except what is obtained from novlMs, and that is so interwoven with romance, that it is not to be relied on* For those, tiierefore, •who have obtained their information only firolta such souro^ or who hAve no knowledge whatever on the subject, there ifiAy be some ibter^t in ihe £|Uowifg sketch of the ship : UtE ON BOARD THE NUOAEA. To hegbi, then, at tbe beginning, the spar deck is ^ firrt f|it ' of the ship that claims attention. It is the principal deck on the voaiAfy and b bo aamed from the iaet tiiat aft the masts and r ggajg are visib^f ; from it The spar deck of ihe Niagara differs in many padiitiotrtani tton • that of other vessels of war in the Alnericap navy, and presents perhaps a greater extent of clear and imobslarueted spaee than is t6 be found in any othej; sipp of war in the world. In iM^Vj^cu language it is what iS ^ ed. ••» flash deck,'" which, redncod to'pliii EngliA.^means that it is MlRrQ* fr(Nn all obBtmotions as it it po^ble to make tt on a vewl of ■oeh a duuraoter. Tbia ia a most esBential" object in the eaal of » sldp ««"♦ a» seieoted fer apeoal dutv TIm «1.«h k.Te been r,g.«Waa gigantic specimen, if lieirSd^ ^ '"'^'^ !h!k^^ w'd foreoaatlewere g«atly mlueed in riae, Anuoawd «!' mth v*««elg of. one-third the to.n««, of the Nia^-^^rTST^ fT there « hardly aufficienfatandi^^SL^^^^^^ ever, of the great «i,e of the toskI and the «lTtK- ^ bo fornuri faw^ the Ikofc that fc « k^ IlT "^ "^ ^dfromt^Jfo^oaJTto^eJ^ - 4»f about a mile. Of a J«Ii^%^?!lJ'™ "'"" * '^'^^ thoae »« h.^.- k^ • "™** «»»?»»g~««oJu eremiiga-aa aome ef .ttfH* we hare bad wncelmr d*partuw &m New Ywd^willt. II^ ^ v.. , , ^.''^4- '';T!"^~ "';*l''"'" ':fA^'f:"' TPE FIJK8T'ATi::.AXrnOO BXPKDI7I0K. 79 / -■ «a!ta that there was hardly a ripple on its sor&oe, uad the long iwella 'were soareelj felt on oar dbip— a walk upon .the dedc ia a hmry'wlwd) Broadway, with all its varied beanties and attractions, could not sarpan. Abaft the bridge or gangway, which divides the deck* into two parts, is the officers' {Hromeml^ or qoarter-deek. As the -eaecntiT^ aqthority rg)68es in ^e officer oi the deck or the officer on watch, which is the aano thing, and as the reprcsentative-of tho captain; he ' is sapreme in Iits decision on all matters th4t.do.not reqtiire the arbitration of the commander himself'; erery outward mark of respeet'is to be paid to him ^y all who presnnt tiiemseires on this .part of the quaiter-deok. In com- pliance with .this ffgolation every offioer or man attached to the ship ' raises his cap when stepping on iho qoartef-deck, in deference not merely to, Uie offioer to whose charge the vessel has been oonsi^ed for the time beiBg, but to the government of die United States, whose representative he is, and to^e great people whoso iKll has called that government into existence. This officer may be diirtingoished from the re6t by his carry- ing in hk hand a tmmpet, by whii^ he is enabled to ^>|« Iiij orders to the. men in tiie most distant parts of the ship. Forward ^j»f the |ri%iT. , • that is, from t||e bridge to and^^ including tiwr forecastle— is ||Mit portion of the ship assigned pactiealarly to the men, althoagfa of i^Mnw thu^ are restricted to bo paitidolar part in the performance of their dotgr; bat this, portitni is freo to those who are not on watdi, and wiio ar«-'it liberty to i^AxAt time in any way that mvjr not conflict i^iM tiw roles. Uore, when the^ weather permits, they ure to be aeen employed as tente or iiiclinatiob dictates; some engaged in readinff,^jM>me in telling. yanw, S0Bi6 in relating the adventures of thmr last cndlw, some in maMag 6t mendftag thmr clothes, and others of a kss sociable or indaiiirio« tton of mind doiing away their leisure time, like many of die%aine dilfKidtioD m slwre, iriid are too sloggisi' or indoleiH either to think or work. It must not be supposfd, however, that their leisare cannot bo broken in ' vfon, or {hat they are mtirely free from duty while off watch ; foi*^ prajp- erly sfbikiQl, a sailiHr is always at the oommand of his sa^rior, *i^ neceMuily ao^ as Us sMrvioM may be required at My momeiit. WliiBli the order is f^ven to hava " all hands on deck," all who'are on aAd4>ff watch mnfe be prepared t^ take in sail or perifbrm anj other dMy that is reqmred of theu. Tlsif d(4e, they wire at liberty to ienjoy the ivst of th«ir klmre time, sulijeot, however, tobe ca^ upon again whenever tbflr wrviees may b« required. > From the wpiat daek a part^f th*«Bgbo hrvirible, |uid looking dowte thifoitgh the hateh ymm^ikh machinery by wit^icAl ^is immenie mais is propelled ^tfu^u^ ^ waler at a Bpe«d of froin tent<» tweho mike . ao kMi^. . TUs hateh. » situated abtmt'midriiiiiB, Jbut on wvftiiig fonnrd - mi VI ''?- il ■l «! . |i i M » * ilfe ■f ' ' ' W r, '■>■ ^.« - '■' ,-■?■'» *> ^i^.'l. lit ■ ..Ji/.l..^--.^^. .fc :f<'- .A.<.aj tf .., .,t ^ ^^ ^«' *»• other hatches by means of whch ihe fire room is supplied with pure air and Ugki^H Sf two rv" "J^ f *^' '^^ RiBing above these hat^es are ^e two smoke-pipes botl^,of which are capable of being lo,^, by Bome telescopic eontrivance, so as not to be higher than tenTlwely^ feet a^ve the level of the dect This a^geLt i, absd^; ^e^' sary, at^they would otherwise be in the Iray of the mains^l • b!t^ - nXauTth ™ 1""'^ '' ^'^ '""^P*^?"' ^' the caloric'whS.^ nearly all-other steamers passes through Ihi smoke-pipes. In fact, bo ^r at the top of tbes^ pipes never exceeds 180 degrees, aTd is generally much lower Forward of tie fire room hatches iHhe hunch a We open boat, about thirty feet long, and capable of holding Zb^S and twenty m«i m case of BhipwrecL Inside of this is another lZ!h ^m^hat«pUer,^din«deofthis^ , are all weU secured to the dcck^y iron Aains, but are WKmoored. J to use a less nautical term so firmlv ««m-^ Ti • «><.moore«l, or, ««« u^ A ^ I. ""^ '*™' 80 °ro"y Becored that in an emerjKincy they , oan be detached m less thin five miuutes, and made ready k » ve^ ' J3«"n«tes more for the Vportant w<^k W which thTL ^ supply her wUh^resh water, and if necessary with proviS^ TW pLd" 11'" f".""*" -*«.-^thedi4eyrS.is^r 2dr^' ir" ^"*"' "^^ "^ for between/our J^dfiv! mel1orT;iJ^T' '"^'^ " ^'^"^'^ ''^^' «« -* ^^ eSv use^7 ^'' " "» """'y «««- ttey would of tbemselves U entirely useHs for the puijKMe without somo auxiliary. In the event T^^flLT VT^"^- Tomeet^chinZerge^lh:^ ^wo hfe buoys attached to the steh,. and connected hy7^S ^J^.- JT^' "^'^ '^''^'^^ ^' «*«h of either of STtwo men staUone*^ this part of the. voM. By pulling this ^Se ^ orof^tT^^^'-'r^ •"' ^'*« ^*« tCf ^nlfca^ It ^Lff^.^ "• "•* """S "^ ^«^ Theinstint U.e ^ JT^ o««.!^„„ I \^. *«.?'*'*«» in the descr^oiL During thia stationed .t the Wj-bort are engaged i4 iiiun<»rin^«^ lauaohiag ii, - " & - 41 y». ■«" ;*»'»\"" 'i»» ■■' V ''V.'":. t - '^ I- '-* ■-. i".:-. ■"%" K8T ATLANTIC EXPEDTtlON. 81 / and in abqu^ ten minutes from tho moment the man has fallen oVerboard he ig rescued and restored to his shipmates. As the life buoy would not be visiHe at night, it is ligl^j^'by means of a trigger, which ignites a sort of roman candle or blue light, that continues burning ten or fifteen mintftes. To prevent the possibility of mistake, the following words are inscribed above both handles — " irts buoy ^port fjre." At night, the handle under the words " port Are " is the first tha^ pulled, and immediately after the life buoy with the lighl thus pro^aS, must be set afloait. This, admirable invention has been tiie mea'ns of saving many lives, and all vessels, whether belonging to our commercial marine or navy, ought to be provided with on* at least. . •I^eseending from the spar deck to the depth of ten or twelve feet, yon-reach the main-or berth decTt, which may not iinproperly b^ termed the domestic department of the^sljip. The captain's cabin, th^officers' • , wardroom, the petty officers' mess, the-Oook*s galleys,imd in fact- every thing that is required in the housetold arrangements of so large a number of men, are ah on this deolt. Hdre, too, they eat and sleep, while neqifly all the vi jrk of the Vessel is don$ on the spar deck. The captain's cabin is situated, of course, nearest to the stern, and i« fitted up and furnished with a degree of neatness and tastd that you migib look for in vain in soine of the best hotels in New York. Here is the ship's library, and here, too, afl the orders are issued to, and reports received from, the various offio^ in eommand. Every day the dootg* sends in his account of the number of si«k in the hospital, and every day the ^sailing master submits the result of his observations and calculations in regard to the Sailing and position of the ship^ whil^he first lieutenant, who is his chief executive officer, reports to him erary t^ng of inipof- t^nce thjft comes under his charge. Matters whiqb a lanis^an might rfegard as laifling ufe sometimes made the subject o| a dfeUflled report, a^d. entiBred upon the ship's journal with the same care that would be riven to the entry «f a deibt in a ledger. If a piece of timber is observed floating past the vessef, official information of the- fact is (jonveyed to tbe captain by the Orderly, who keeps guard near the c«Win\ or one df the crew despfttohi!>d bjr an officer for that purpose. Unimppitant, hqw- evfflC, as Bueh things may, appear /to those who have but a limited knowl ^|e of K|b at sea, thgr ate i*Mnetimes of the utmost 'Qobsequeno* Beside the soientillc woi-ks rijquiwd for the use of the dilp^ tbore is a Kbraiy for the asilon, <$oi|taining princ^ally books of a moral and J^tigfotta 4en4enijy, Vidi wniia histories, lir|s of celebrated men, advw tdttw by 8«i ftnd lawd, and a few works of fiction. Thfeso nffordWoelient and iflitraotive reading t® sueh of the crew aff are disposl^ to o/end their iei*iMr that way, aii3"toft6eftai9ly'a great li»proipl^%>6n ' L ,IS 4 i-r ! r ■■ '\ ■::^.' f^ f M TH^'OCaSAK TELEOBAPH. the yellow cover^ Uterature and other traah that too often find their *^i7 on board both men of war and merchant vessels. This library is -^also m the oabin.and is fitted up with that regularity and wgard to . order Ivhioh should oharacteme all ' the departments of a ship^f-war. ' f As a general thing, ^e opportunity which it affords to sailors for mental r improvement is Tery\8eldom taken advantage of; while the Life of Jaok^ Sh^ppard, Pick Turpin, ai^d the biog;raphie8 6f celebrated pirates »nd' buccaneers, are read ^th lihe most intense interest. Occasionally, it is ^.« tme, there are to .be found fin'6, steHmg, .good-hearted, sAnteTe-minded, honest fellows, whom all the vioious as^joiations and evil infl«ences to ■' . which they have been' exposed are Uffable to cortnpt or deprave, aiid to such libraries x>{ this kind are among the fa^?,r;, that they prize most Brery.way it«teni and articles of ««r*« bbtaiied during a cruise in th^ MediterraBe«,. And there, |»i,ed stiU more, htogmg beside thes^, is some present from de^r fnetids at home, whom absence and distaaee -have only served to render dearer than ever Wherever you turn your eyes you see. evidences of woman's taste and ingenuity; ,t maj b« in 1 beautifiiUy wrought watch-poeket, or pin- cushion, or.x.ther .trifle, »U, giving «, air of taste, if not of luxury, tothebttl^bjlraom^ Thegoverumontin its bounty has furnished U with a toJ^rabV g«od bureau a >«A8t«nd, a chair and • bedstead, or tathersome eontrivano^tiriiiaoo abed on, but here its liberality ha, stoppedj «.d iU,mt,r. h^w to wpply the hundred other neceiaries Jat make up the .um total of* m^U ,«gulated, well provided household. They have to purchase bed olotlOtig, looking«la«e8, towels, pitchers, vy w :^ji'i.- ;^;, -.■■■■a:.VC -.'-»-■ .».«■>■**-, }''-.'i>^l'*» ' ■ «•'* ^"i^' ^:,:J^. THB FIB8T ATLANTIO BXPEDrnON. 83 baiins, soap, knives and forks, spoons, cookiii§ utensilg, plates, tables, table covers, cofiFee and tea pots, plates and dishes, cups and saucera, bowls and all the other articles which are considefed indispenskbte in the proper management •£ domestic matters. iThe experience which they obtun in this way gives them a decided* advantage over landsmen, and makes them, as may be supposed, somewhat of a domestic turn. In fact, the close and fntimate connection into which they are broogKjb with each other binds them together like members gf one fami'y, iuid the •friendship which is formed in the wardroom and at the mess ttfble often lasts throagfa life, and with a firntnesa and sincerity sometimes exceed- ing that which exists in the family relations. " The mess fund is formed by^ equal contributions levied on each mem- be* of the wardroom, and with this is purchased the provision necesstHry for the cruise. The caterer of the mesa is selected from among thi^ officers, and to his charge is consigned the direction and management of all those things which fall to the care of caterers generally. This office is purely an honorary one, .but, unlike^-most offices of an honorary kind, th«e ia ooaiderable responsibilityAttached to it. He looks after all the table appointments, and "requires of the steward an account of the breakages, takea notes of the consumption of provisions, and at 'the end of the crvise renders an account of his charge. The wardroom is exclusively the officers' apartment^ and not even the captain is privileged to enter it, 6xcept for the purpose of official inspeo* tion, whea it is of course thrown open to him. , While, however, it is their own, indeed as mnoh as any gentleman's house is his, and no one can force himself uninvit«d into the mess, it would be wrong to sup- pose ihat there are, therefore, no interchange of courtesies, ot that it is enclosed by a sort of Chinese wajl for the exclusion of all but thorn who are members of the ineqs. So far from this bebg the Cam, it is a coiSn^l^ing, I ondeiBtand, in our navy, for the officers to tovite the captain to^partake of their hospitality, and some of the pleasantest hours wUph are spent on board a man-of^wu-, are those passed by the offioers M»d tiie captain in the interchange of mutual courtesies and friendly feeling. Daring the passage of the Niagara I had the pleasure of being present at one of these .re-unions, ths oompany consisting of all the wardroom officers, the ci^tain, Professor Morse, a^d the two Rossiui offioers. Cap- tain Schwara and Lieutenant Kolobikrai and I had a foil opportunity of realising, jihe fiaot that the amenities of social life are as well understood aad aa lirach appre<»ated at sea as on land. According to the rules of the ship all the lights in t^e berth-room aiv exlingoisked at,^ o'olook, but permission can be obtained from the / 'm m m ill ' i-l i* 1 i>* '^ i n m 4f' M> -^ T — I* i ^. : i if • r \ ll'l t >. .«> -V,.- J . 14^ ^^^s^mr:^:''' ' ill ifl ■ t ^^ 84 THB OCEAJT TKLEGHAPH'. ake^!'!ffi °^"'\'^' •" ~''^«"»««^ or noise that xoay disturb the prohibited and only one light is allowed in the wardroom. Whatevi may be said about Ute hour, and -dissipation ashore, there J^TeZ Till "T '"^^^-«-^ -- -J be inolia;! to JS^Jhl on^land, they have eeriunly no opportunity for it on bo^Tf Jp rf .u ,^\^"«f ^ooms of the warrant officers are not equal in appearance to . Xrn'r^^'L'^^"'""^'^' buttheirroo^sarehXSi^ Z offio.rT.'?*'"'.'"? ^^"""^ *PP*""°« *« *bose of L ward, room officers. In this particular tV Niigva differs from nearly every ^t'offil' " "" r,*^ ---> »d for this pobt of difference thelS nmt officers are indebted, to a cbnsiderable extent, to Mr. George St^ " who was determined that his fellow-mechanica ^ould hare no ^^2 T«,mplaui of limited or inferior accommodatio^ The warl^Toe« are so called oa account of thotr being appointed by a walnUil^S^ SldT ?.!'*«' ^^-^*be;ieutena^s.rtheir not £tt^ firmed by tke Senate ^hey are ahio iXior in rank, and ^V^ of the line of promotion. Their mess consists of the ;irpen"r Z saUmaker the boatswain, the gunner and assistant enginSrr;iut? engineer being one of the wardroom officers riJTI^ °^,*''' "^^ ""^ ''^ "^"" " *be part appropriated eape^- ' cially to the sailor, and marines, and it extends on e^r side ofX m^tsandhatchw^s, which occupy nearly the whole of th. eeZll^' J^ • Z !? "^ ^'^* "^^ "'^'^ ^y fr"- fift««n to twenty in S It u, in this n^rtion of the berth deck that the marines Id siJlors deep eat «d trani^ct nearly all their little domestic affi^iraJAt tweke c^cbck some t^o h^ed men here sit down to dinn< a^Tdit^rbt: 2«rate messes of fifteen men, each of which h«, it, ;wn cook, whTb ^nerally selected on account of his qualifica^ons in, the culim^y dlpL^ ment I^t a man obtam a character amonjhis ^.tes for suS^ attauunent. in cooking, and he is at once e^vat^d to thetj^n He ^n,t understand thoroughly the making o# dondarAmk, ^1%^ ^e cookmg of lobscouse-two very favorite dishes among ^ulorSLI If his abdities are of bo Ugh «i orde* «« to compreheu^e bakin* of puddings or pies, so much the better for his owl st^iing a^^t^ P^tes of his me«pnatea Lobseouse, wUeh, « has been Ttated^ is ^ po«rf of salt bee^ potatoes onioius a UberaJ/sprinkling of pepp«, an«r t ^ X-. ">'■ It-, V THi: FIBftT ATLA^NTIO BXPXDmoir. 85 the'dnftftUowanoe of water. It was rapposed by the ignorant, and thoae who had an undue appreciation of Jack's digestive powers, that its flavor was strengthened by the addition of -pieces of sole leather, some old buttonA, and occasionally a piece of tarpaulin or hemp cnttfaigs ; but it is all a mistake, for although Jack, in the vicissitudes to which all who follow a seafaring life are subject, is sometimes compelled to put op with the hardest fare, and sometimes obliged to do without any at all, ho has no particular relish for a compound thai would try even the stomach of an ostrioL Dondbrfunk is made of hard bread, beef, or potk and beans, a little molasses and a small quantity of vinegar ; and, notwithstanding ' its startling title, is, after all, «s simple add as easily made as fiafa, o^ any other kind of chowder. The fare which is giveq to the seamen in our naval service, although not of the best description, is far superior to that which the laborers in our cities and on our farms receive. Every iness has a liberal supply of beef, pork, potatoes^ oniens, flour, ooff^ie, enigar, tea, and all the little etceteras which are so essential to ^'^e complete success of all cooking opcr^ons. Theiae are served ojM; every second or third d4y by the Purser's steward, whoJb|i|ps an exaet , aeoount of the amount distributed among the different m|Sm. As our Oovemment is very liberal in regard to, rations, eaolvQU^i r^wives more than he sail dispose of, ttnless endowed: with unusual gastronootio powers, and as » general thing the amount supplied io every twelve men -- is abundantly sufficient for a whole mess of fifteen. On the principle, ■ it is to be supposed, that " enou^ is, as good a? a feast," they drsSir rations for twelve, and in exchange for t&e surplus reoei^eita full value ) ui money, with irhioh they are' enabled to e acknowledged, of ihe best descriptpn, and in lieu of tables and diaiis ^Jmtij are obliged to eat off, and sit down on, the deck. A piece of tar- ^aidin serves all the purposes of a table-cloth, and although some fksti- dioBS Pastes mi^t objeot to the peculiar odor jjrhich it gives the smoking viands, jet it is a hwilthy odor, to wba( ^iidc of .ol|i6«tiiig. Upon this the dinner is ingNhjmmlf frtua 'the large dish p- the centre, wl beef, orSobeeooae, or dundecfhnk, Of Whatever have. At Mj^t o'olodk ia die eveBinb\the banuoiocki^ , Kjeaeh man having a oertain apo^ allowed £iim to sli^ V ndsmen wo^d ,oh man su{q^y- ipi^tuns pork, or '^l^EAre they may slang up, ln];1uB •tiH four hours off watoh ; but he is liable at any moment to from "liNl -n.V' 'I '■■ v-l rf • \ \ • 1 -^ » J, . .. ^: rP (? r SI" Ml' ""^••i™,.™,,,^ 86 TBB OOEAlr TKUBORAPH. '"■'m "i . htt rinmbeni by the cry of " all hmdg on deck," ud is wftietimes obliged to postpone hia deep tUl the next night if the weather should prove atomy. InwCoh caaes, however, he generally manages to make up for loet tune bjT snatching a moment of rest on the deck, or wherever and whenerer he can during any intervals that he may have. With all his trouWes ahd labors, Jack is, perhaps, one of the most cheerful of men, and If he is sometimes too ardent a votary of the jolly god, he is not a stranger to the finer sentiments and feelings. He has a strong love for music, and indulges it whenever be has an opportunity. There is not, perhaps, a vessel in the American navy whose crew numbers over thirty or forty men that has not a musician of some kind among them, and they 1^ generally held in the highest estimation. As for the of the two offi ment of the ship's, list regard fo their ^ it may as well be s fifer and drummer. .she has quite a large force of them, independent icians, if they may be so called, that the govem- Ites has provided. Thes6 are entered upon the I, but lest there should be any misapprehension in Jar grade, or the instruments on which they perform, led that the musicbns in this instance are simply a .^ . , ^ /' '^' however, satisfy all true and patriotic Americans to know that their abilities aro fUly equal to the perform who after that would stop to inquire into their knowledge of the works of the great composers has not a spark of feeling in his whole composi- tion. These are the official musicians, but there are, as I have said a number of others on board, amateurs,,who pUy for the love of jt, aid without hope or prospect of pay. It was my good fortune to be awit- ness of a concert which took place here a few.evenings ago, and although not^one of the assembly I had still a fair chance of^g and hei^* a ftwfeet of the cook's galley; the performers werti two rival" viilinZ Who have been contending for thb palm ever sbce they came on board and the audience consisted of some throe or four of tie cooks, two oJ ttnw pow4er monkeys, and some twenty or thirty sailors. The per- formers sat opposite ea«h other, and suspended between them was a W ships lamp^ wbich threw a dim apd clouded light on the admiring hZ around. One of the fiddlers entertained his audience witi the w^derful performances of the « Bob-tailed Nag," while the other played " ViUi- kins and his Dinah," with «. expression th,t even Jem LL hiinself Zt °lJ"?r- The,^°*««tw« UHMBtained with abofitlqual «a<:. to rs^r/f ' rt "^ ^' «h»g«^f watch^M the rivals awa^ which had the advantage. The afiair ftimished a toiio for conver;ati6n f ■r tv. ''?'*^p tnjarf *»*'*' v^nutf*»^ t^vm-t**,* v ^ vif ^ f. THE T'BST Aiquumo txpjaynm^. 87 and mtny days after, and I believe the remembrance of it will remain with the hearers long aftor the cahlc is laid. ^Jtl^ This sketch of the mainsdeek and sociallifeimoDg tflBlora would bfl incomplete if I failed to mention one of the moat important institations in the vessel — tho ship's dispensary. The dispensary is situated at one end of the warrant officers' meat) atid berth rooius, On the starboard side, and is supplied with all the T^odicines necessary for the treatment of every • disease. It is under the < harge of the surgeon's steward, who ma^es up all the prescriptions, and who is to all intents and purposes the same as an apothecary. Thera have been very few cases of sickness among the crew of any consequence, but wore it not for the course which has been purauc4hy the ship's physicians they would have more patients on the list than they could well attend to. On board of almost every man- of-war there are a number of good-for-nnthing idle fellows who endeavor on every occasion to shirk their work by feigning sickness. ' Sometimes they Buccecd, but the detection of one or two generally leadd to the dis- covery of thoriifet, when their names are at oricB taken off the sick list, and they afe obliged to perform thwrduty. •. I TheAilcp deck is almost exclusively used for the storage of provisions, water, tno ship's ammunition, extra hawser, ropes, sails, and all the other artkoles that constitute a ship's stores. The part appropriated to the (msioBS is protected from the invasion of rata or mice by a casing of tin! and the magazines, besides being carefully locked and sealed^ave a ftmtry always on guard near them. At the extreme forward end of the orlop deck is the hospi^l, which has accommodations for fifteen or twenty patients, but fortunately there are not more than two or three in it at present, and those are not seriously sick. The engine and fire jrooms are situated about the centre of the vessel, and extend from the bottom of the ship to the spar deck. In comparison Vith her immense sizel'they take, up very little space. The firemen, whose watches, like the Bailors, are divided into four hours each, aleep on the orlop deck, liav| separate messes, and are neverj pxcept in cases of emergency, re- quired to do any work upon deck. According to naval discipline, every man on board a ship of war is supposed to be always ready for duty, unless prevented by sickness ; • but, as sailors require rest, as well as other men, their hours of labor are so divided, that while one-half of the crew are on watch or duty, the othejr half are at leisure. There are two watches, which are known by the Aam^ of port and starboard, each of which are four hours long. As this system, however, if followed out, would only give one-half the crew four hours' sleep every night, another watch, called the dog-watoh, whicji is intended to obviate this difficulty, was established. This is a V, in ■hi 1. I i1| t\ \ ■I .-.*. C4 :5<, ^'? ^:i»^f%, ■ V. ■ t X IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) & .y ' // // ^"Jif i^ V'-^ "% t ■fc 4 *«i r ■^ ^'f5t- 1^ i. ^ Q^ %»' r' I. iwSi-a-.V.. -• •♦r /it** tfki ^%-. '. > , !>\ .♦'•- »■■• ■ i J'^ 88 THB OCKAjr TELEOSAPH. bl «!! • ^ «nd extend, from four to »i, ^.d fe,m «x to e^M m the evening, and by th« mean, ewh of the two wtt^-TS the ship are enabled every ««ond night to get eigrhZ' ril^ Thua the watch which « «Iieved from duty .1 eight o'S i^Z Zl^:,^"^, f *'*'^"' "^ being' ftki,"*^:Xt\t pa^ of tf^e sl^p, both day and night, aonie in the foretop,TX vated poerfon the forem«t about a hundred feet from ie d^ where they are always ready when their services are required. One 5 the men on the foretop keeps a look.,„t for all vesselTand on aZmJ of his position IS able to see them half an hour or mor^ beforeM^^ r«aJe from the deck. The moment he descries a «ul, though Tl' he cnes aloud, from his station, when the offind the best drillS neTr;it thtL !^ V*7'-** «Wp.«id are always pWd onguaSTi^ ^e g«,g, the *ip's rtores, the provisions, and onT diff^TdeX The marme, brides being the sentry of the *ip, i, alsoT^^^^Zi his driUing and training differ in no materid^tafem JbfSJ wd traming of the soldier m our miUt.^ serviT^ ^^ .11 St '^ii'^^ «" °*'y » P'OTided with swlors'. rtothin. „# aU kinds, sufficient to supply their Remands during the «S aS totd mount deducted from their wage. In this respXS Z»tj Zll^'r^"^'^ l»«ve a great advantage pver thoTwho sh^TTI mere merchant veaaAl iuitl wkn^^^ ..w j > -—f f-v iumjp ^b » , v-t- vx «>*^^ippBWB«pji. In addition to this the oJotli. ! I % 0. M fr%*t*ij&I^'»!&"T .11.- :»;■ i ( .^^ THE riBST ATZJjrno EXPEDniOir. 80 lag ftmiifhed by the gorenunent is of a superior quality, a&d Jaok has the satisftqtioQ of jiaowing that he gets the full raluo of his money. If h« is of a laTing, eoonomioal nature, this is a great oonsideration to him; and as his means are limited, and he is not rery judieiotia in the ejqpeoditoreof them, it is the best thing the government can do, as long as it deahi only with honest contraotors, and not vith men who never semple to make money even by frauds upon those who labor hard for a living. The clothes are served oat by the parser oa a epeoi^d day, when all who have applied for various articles of dress must be m attendance. This officer has their names written on a schedule opposite the different pieces of clothing of which they are in want, and as he calls them oat in their torn, they step forward and receive them from one of the pur- ser's iksdatants. One pile of clothing consists entirely of pants, anot&er of drawers, another of caps, another of socks and stockings, anothe/of pea-jackets, another of flannel overshirts, another of boots and shoes, and so on to. the end of the list. As they are not very particular about the exact size of the pants or pea-jackets, it is easy to suit them, but the chief trouble is in the fitting on of the shoes. He has, however, i^ inuneme namber of all sises to select firom, and he generally finds his meiware some time between five minates and half an hour. The flannel . and cloth he converts into a shirt or trousers, as taste or necessity may . dictate, and when hn p^- oipally on the forward parts of the spar deck, in favorable weatiher, wheD as many as twwity or thirty may be seen sitting under the bul- warks and working away ^B if they had served a regular appreuticeship to the trade. There, io the midst of that group of lookenH)n, is an experienced hand at the work, chalking put the various parts for the wlfl^ves, the ecdlars and (he body, before catting U out ; while here, in ill* centre of wao^r ii^Ue knot of Bpectators, is an amateur in the same haifm*, emjdoyed in embroidering a star of tariou^ colors, for the top of • OBp, or the eoUtf 9f 'flannel diiri, They are not only stippUed Hitil eloth uA dodiii^, bat with threi^ idaedles, thimbles, bod^jdns and every tJiing necessary to carry on the tuloring saccessfully. And this is not alL The iiogenioos sailor is not only able to make his own olodies, but he can tarn oat of his hands as good hats as he ofm pondiase in the store. They ard made of straw, or some similar mate- ^^i :|| m--^'.- ■'■ .f! 1 I u i^tk^iS^ i*^i ' -*, ■la 00 THE OCEAN TELBOKAPH. -■Sfii. . U rial, which he' first plaits and aftenrards stitches together without eren * fitting block, and yet with as much neatness and success as if he had all the appliances of a manufactory at his control From all this it will be ' seen that however different they may appear, it is not impossible to combine the two occupations of sailor and tailor in the one person, and that the same man who is accustomed to handle a marliflspike can use a needle with as much skill and dexterity. • That particular hour of the whole twenty-four which' possesses the most interest for sailors, and which is always looked forward to with pleasure, is that appointed for serving out the grog. No matter how dilatory thty may bo on all other occasions, they are always on the ftlert wheu Uncle Pnm, as- they say, is going to " stand treat." All hands are on deck then, and collected in an eager, expectant throng before the grog tub, ready to " sUnd by" when their names are called- The vesscV used for serving out the liquor is a small tm cup called a '• tot," which contains somewhat more than a glass full, which is emptied by each man with a rapidity that would astonish any one ignorant of the ease with which Jack disposes of such welcome favors. Occasion- ally some men are to bo found among a ship's crew who are strictly temperate, and to ihese the government always makes an alhj^ge in money when paying their bills, equal to the value of their eJ^Kna Tn the course of a year this amounts to nine or ten doUars T;dlH[K«jQ, sufficient to keep him in shoes for nearly the whole of th^t time. By saving in ^this and other rations he is enabled to add, jf he ia so dis- posed, at least twenty dollars to his twelve months' pay, which at the rate of eighteen doUars a mc^nth for a good scaniwi, is over two hundred dollars. The green hands, who come under th6 title of landsmen, and • of whom there are a large number on board the Niagara, are not so well paid. Whatever saving or economy they may exhibit in the consump- tion of their mess rations is very rarely extended to their grog, and one of the severest penalties you can inflict upon them is to deprive them 6f their daily allowance. When other punishments for minor ofFenoes have faUed, " cutting off the grogj^tas aljnost invariably succeeded iq bringbg the culprit to hia senses' Notwithstanding, all the efforts of the .temperance advocates for the abolition of this particular institution on shipboard, it seefiis destined* to a Jong life ; and it is much to be feared that although Jack is the party whom their efforts are intended to benefit, he.is so far unable to appreciate their kindness that he would prove one of their most strenuous opponents. t ~/i«}i»$ m THE FIBST ATtAKTIO EXFEDTTION. 91 ABRITAL OF TH^ NIAOlBA IS ENGLAND. Tlfe Niaguft arriTed in the Thames on the 14tli of May, and came to anchor off Graresend, a small port about twenty-fire miles from London. She remained here till the 5th of Jane, when she left for Portamouth, to ondergo the alterations necessary to fit her for the re- oeption and laying of the cable. While lying in the Thames she was an ob- ject of much interest, and was risited daily by a large conoonrse of people. The inhabitants of Oravcsend fiookod in crowds to see the ship, and when it was reported that we woold not remain more than a week, re- oeired the annonnoement as they would the departure of old and oher- iahed fiiends. The first and second day after we had anchored opponte their piotaresque little city, only a few of them came to see us. There would, howerer, have been a large number, had it not been generally beliered that they would not be allowed on board ; }yi.t as soon as th^p learned that they were not only allowed on board but that theywere not re8triot<>d to any part of t^ ship, we we^ almost overwhelmed ^th Tisltors. The weather was favorable, and Jney took advantage of it, de- termined that it should not b^ their fault if they did not see us and ascer- tain for themselves what kind bf people the Yankees are. The river in the immediate vicinity of our ship swarmed with small waft of every description, and from «a;clY morning t^l eight in the evening a steady, constant stream of inen, women, and children poured in and out over %et sides. They flocked in throngs into the officers' wardroom, the o^tain's cabin, the en^ne-room, ahd all parts of the vessel, and ap- peared as if thley would never weary in looking at every thing they akir. It was the first American man-of-war, they said, that' had ever anchored in the Thames, and as they had never seen one before, iheir eibiosity was excited to the highest pitch. They wanted to know if all 0^ vessels were of the 9une size, and were astoniAed that we should ,4now persons to visit every part of her. The boatmen, who hailed her iippearanoe with general joy on account of the impulse .she gave to their boainesSi were unbounded in their praises of her immense size, and the symmetry of her model. One of those,^ a tough, weather-beaten old fellow who had, he told us, been in many a hard blow off the English ooast, had quite an interesting oonversatioji with one of a party belong- /lug to the Niagara, whom he was taking out to the vessel. , :/ « What kind of a ship is that ? " said the gentleman, professing to be ignorant of her character. " That? Yy that's a Hameriean ship," he replied. " Well," said his questioner, " are the people civil aboard of her ? WVl they let you see her ? " v ■' liii Mi I '■% I ' i'iii '»: ^ «??,*,»„ i! .'^^%,n/ v.?-.-: ' " na ooBAjr rawnuxn. ■%■ . 1 1-* I ti ■nil* 1 ] > V " ^<' ''^ ■^'J. "they're weiy good-ifwiy oiTU; their ciTiKty it ' • fri ^*^ ^ '**'" *** ***''" "***"^ " I •«» ihe^ . T«qr l«r "Wp ft» « Aye, you itoy My tluk Eood, I beUere you nr. If they o»Ui ■uoh . ihip u that » frigate, I doniui what their liners be. Hal lp.|» "he woxn«j» are in raptorea with both officers and men, (MMlio»wti»«i give pretty firee expreaaion to their fedinga. " I really thonght," one of them said the other day to ao offieer who waa showing her the reeael and ejcphOnipg all the parte of it to her "I really thought tha* they didn't aUow people to look, about the i^ Uut we find the offioen and the men ao rery oivU and so willing to obli« ua that we were quite taken by surpriaa Indeed," ahe oontinM " I like the officers so much that if I had a chance I think I'd run away with one." Here was a female kidnapp^ with a yeageanoe ; bat ahe djd not tfiow any deaire to carry out her design then and there. » * Among the celebrities who visited the ship was Lady Franklin, who was, of course, a great objeot of interest on aocouni of the position in which her melaneholy loss, her self-devotion, enduripg hope mi aoUa fortitude have plaoed her before every lover of true womanhood in both the Old World and the New. She i. now about ai.ty.fire yeara old. and in stature is rather below the medium height Her fiu« if peoulia^ expressive, and every featore pf it is indicative of that r^kable teMoity of purpose and undying hope which have buoyed: ber up in the midat of her affliotien |nd whiph at this time atiU oharaoteri^ her. It If said that ahe has atlaalabandonedaUhppeof ever seeing her hnabai»d aUve, bi^t beUeres that |iia body and the records of his cruise wiU yejtbe .found. A proper teeiij^ of delio«oy fqrbade aU aUusion to tbe sulnflot ^ng the company ; but those who were preset could opt avoid awing the emotion whiehabe endeavored to subdue. Shehadv^tedtheRe^luto Whe^ in toqdow, and her presence ag^.i^noiMj Ameri^ leotMn« of a pleaaiitg but atiU of a painf^ oha^ aeter, lep^OUog to ha mod the eibrta whieh our OQuntrymea have made for the di#covOT cjt -- the lost navigator fnd |be ^ly d^Mh of one ojf ^(^iQpe wbo w»| fbremo^ mtherankiof^jMtiowplOTOT. _ ^*^ *?" f^ WW«fl» ^oie hwviiig for Fortsmonth tha AgamemnoB, whjoh ww wpoiiM by the British Government to take one-half the 9M& at Gnlewiidf a* ' nved in the Thames. A* Ae passed ua on her way up th# xiw, threiV tbnnd«^ng ebeerr burst from her decks and shrouds, ^ roqaed *h«' slu^ibering echoes on either ahore, and before they died away they w^ ^wered by our Bien with one long sustained hurral|, tha^ feemed ^ to fierce the very olouda. The three tiiat ^eefed •wiwmiSitff f A ' ^ '-iS^'t< m I* ■ TBB fTBIT ATUUmo KZFBDmoS. 98 ti^ ■ lag to oa tram the British ship were u diatinot and u niody gradiuted u if they were timed and marked by the roll of a dram ; fmt onra ap- peared 'to be tmder niii''re8traint, nd blended and mingled in one long wild hurra like the soond of a irtiirlwind. Aft^r one more oheer — a parting one before the Bri^ reasel jwned beyond haiUng dis^aoe —the riggisga were cleared, and we watched her aa ahe ploughed her' -^ way tip the Thames, part of her hull looming above the Imnka, even as she turned the bend in the river. I^ ifka sappose^ thit the Niagara would take her half the cable from the lianilllaetory at Greenwich, and that the > Agamemnon would ship th* other half from the.manu&ctory at Birkenhead, opposite Liverpool, i bttt this ofder was reversed on acoouut of the great sise of our ship and the dUBonlty of procuring sufficient room for her near the wharf in front of the oabl« works. The arrival of the Susquehanna in the Thames was dvly expected, as she had some time before received orders to Join the Nihgara and to act as her escort during the expedition. It was known dirough private letters that ahe had left Speuia on the 18th of May, and she was there- fore looked for several days previous to her arrivaL On her way* however, she stopped five days at Lisbon, firom which she made the passage to Cowes in four more. While lying in this part of the British Channel she was passed by the Osborne, the British Admiralty yacht, ^ on l)oard of which was the Grand Puke Constantino of Russia, who vtits on a brief private visit to the Queen, and the details of whose reception were given at liength in the English papers. There was con- siderable- ponsnmption of gunpowder on the occasion, but not quite sudi an expenditure of the actiole as took place ddftng the eleven long and weary months that the allies lay before SebastopoL But a compara- tively brief period has elapsed since the celebrated siege of that city, and now we see the two royal families who at that time were at deadly feud with each other, meeting on terms of apparently the most friendly '^ ' social intercourse. It appears that ^e Grand Duke was somewhat jocular on the occasion of his introduction to Mr. Bower, who at the time of the siege was sailing master on board the Agamemnon, one of the vessels of the immense fleet with which the English assailed the g|teat RuBBiah naval d^pdt of the Black Sea. It is said that he asked Mr. Bower if he^did not find himself in a "very hot berth," but tho tSixCn historun is left in complete ignorance of Mr. B.'s answer, for the jbi&malist, while he has recorded the pleasantry of the Grand Duke, has said nothing about the reply of the sailing master. Th6re was, av hiu^boeB already stated, a oomdderable odnsninption of gunpowder at the reoeptSob of the distinguished visitor, and it may not be uAWortfay* J/ 41 I i ii' t -« fi ; "»^-:3»f - I; It \ A- '•♦<, i^ 9i TDK OCXAir TKUtOBkra. of noMoe tlut th. 8a«,uahMn» wu the first to tdttte Urn. Her yardi were nunwd^Md twenty-one gta, fired, m compliment wUoh, it U «id. the Orwd Dnke expressed hia high .ppreoi»tion of fte tendered by • nation with which Ru«i» had alwty. been on the mort frieiidl> tenni The Suiqneh«ui» arrived in the Thunea about 7 o'clock oft Sunday mommg, the 81rt of May, and a few hours after waf Men from ^r dee? Ab she neared our ahip out ygnaU were run up, And after ahe had paawd and anchored within a few hundred yard, of ub, one of our oflioers WW jnt on board of her. ^i^Uin Hudson subeequently viaited Cap- tain Sandp, her commander, aobprding to the rules of our naval ^.rrloe^ which rcqujro the junior capUin to pay thU mark of respect t, the -«uor on aU «,ch occ^uons. This w«. the only demonstration which was made-4here was no ckeering, nor any of thoee manifesUtions of reeling which were dispUyed on both sides the Sunday before, when the A^emnon P—mI us en her way up the river. It is only, it appears, when ov dups are partmg company that they cheer each other But If our men wew not permitte^d to indulge in those friendly demonstra- tions, the gritdicaUon which they feltat seeing another of our natiomJ vessels m a foreign port, with the flag of the republic flying from her peak, was none the less sincere and heartfelt. This was the first time that two American war vcsaels had been seen in the Thames, and it is ratifying to be able to state that they were the largest vemwls of their el«« m the world, the Niagara being the largest propeller, and the &»- quehanna the largest side wheel steamer. The oflioers of both tJK ■oon made or renewed acquaintance with each other, for some were formerly old companions in the service, and their meeting, as may be apposed, was of the most pleasant character.. ' ' ■; ^BBPARATION OF THE NUOARA AT PLTXOUTB. T1«J Niagara left the Thames for Portsmouth on the 5th of Jaw, where she arrived the Mlowiilg day. She was detained ; hwB two weeks, while the necessary alterations were being made fcr the coiUi« of the cable at Birkenhead. Those who Were on the ■hip befi»e she left New York the pr(|vions April, would have been astonished at some of the changes she onderwent during her stay at this * fori The oOoers' wardroom was broken bto, three of their state-rooms ottaachsideflfrf taken down, and the petition which divided it fam, the rest of the main or bwrth deck completely njnored. The open' ,W« trtiich otended outside of this apartmentTi^way beyond the 4ff^ge, IS caned "gie country" among the saUors, but the barrier ' ?* ^^°^^y %^<#oers' wardroom might now properly be smd to *«« a part of ^^jrural districts, and the whole mess eigoyed all the \ I; *i t * i/fj^f^^^iiM&hi. 'ifL-'l'ii'AsfSs^f \\m • •> / 'I !i' .JjjV. y^ i 'I' >{.' 9 i: ^^^^^s^^g^^k;^c-;.-j:v ^i;;, / -•v\ THB|nMT ATLAVTIQ ■XI'SDmOIft \ M ^ plMMtfM of nutio*tiota for Mrenl rnoolhi. TImj MMsri4o«d wUat- erar oonTenienoes they had to tko rooo«M of the mterpriM, ohe«r- ftelly.kbuidoiied thair bertha for a hanunoek, and tamed out of their ■Ute-rooma, that ^ere might be lufioient apatie for the coiling of the oable,' whidi was apread over a large traot of *' the ooantrj." The moment the carpenters and other workmen made thuir sppearanoo, there waa a gei^eral moring among those whoae quarters worn invadtMl, which, on a small soi4*> might not inaptly be compared to the first of May in New York. Looking-glaaaea were intrusted to thn hands of careful waiter*, and stowed away in places of iafety; little libraries taken down ftom their ahelres abore the bertha, jutd paoked in trunks for the time bwsg ; then followed the wardrobo in all its rariety — the naral onifonn and the dross of t{|e oivilian, the cooked hats of the officers in, three-eomered japanned bozos, all by thomselres, and the beavcm of the citiien«> with and without boxes ; the thred or four dosen shirts and the five or six doien collars, carried as earefully on the outstretched arma^f the waitan aaif they were so many new-bom babies ; Indivrubber overcoats. India-rubber OToralls, and India-rub{>er boots, forming an impervious ar- mor agaui^l the rain; combs, brushes, rasora, bootjaoka, hat bruahes, pin OBshktaa, neyjes, scissors, and all die othc*- gteat ancl little things with- out which n^^tbmestio establishment can be carried on either on ship or ashore. Var^ras contrivances were resorted to by those who lost their state-rooms, and the ingenuity exhibited under the circumstances would have astonished a landsman. Here is. a little oomer which was set ^[tart for a water jar> but whiol^iA^ beon converted into a sort of dressing chamber. The jar has Inl^removed, and in its stead a basin stand- is erected, while upon- a little hook above it hangs a towel, and the whole three-cornered oonoem is enclosed by a curtain formed of emvaa, behind which the owner performa hia morning abluUons and arrangea hi» toilet. The oil earpet furnished by Unole Sam's agents (and it's a very poor aSair) w^s taken up,, the bulkheads torn down, and the rtanehions aoon shared Uie^ same fate; but in theuc stead were plaoed strong iron liraoes, or arches, to support the immense beams wfaieh extended under the mr^deck, from i^e to side of the veiael. In soma places, while the stave-rooms were/tom down, just enough of tha bertha ware left to aUow the ooonpant to lie upon one side, making it absolutely necessary for him to get up altogether before he could tam . .. f :, ^'1 A ■ I: h ■ i. I- I; ■. U I M ^ TBI ooBAX nuwiura. pfctriotfo <1«ibo«rkti« nua mMtbg h tfc«v PbA, or ui «teiMd, Ul- U(«r«nt M)4 pagiliatio crowd in Tumuirf IfdL ' OtlMr elwBgw nd pnparatioiui were uuide on tlM Nkfum *l Portii^ month, among whieli wm the attachment of a eabk gmard to h«r iton, and of whioh a deaeription will be fiiond in tbe moi« adraooed BM«a 'of THl irUOAUl AT UmtPOOL. in Uie aMp The neceaaary alterationf having bew mada in the iMp during he/ •taj at Portmnouth, ahe left that port (br Wrorpool on the 20th of Jane, where the cable waa to be boiled and th« maehiow^ fitted ,«p previoai to her departure for Queenatown, Ireland, which had been decided oo M the place of rendearona ^or the Telegraph Squadroa The Niagara •rriTed in the Meriey on the 22d, wher4 ahe attracted, aTmuoh attention aa die reeeiTcd duriiig her detention In the Thamei, Th* Oaptaio a^ oBoora were orerwhelmed with attentiona, and ftnmd i^ impoaibla to twet all the demanda.of pubUo and.priTaU hoapitaUty. The Chamber of Oommeroe gare them a dino^, the Major of LlTupool aaotber, an4 the American reaidenta a grand banquet on the Fourth of July. It waa the flrat celebration of the national amdrefaaiy whieh had erwr taken plaoe in that oHy, and from beginning to end wa« a moat auc oeaaftil ^i&ir. There are m\j twenty-fire American T«aidf-war fluk'a a^' to take that '«« cable, but what thUvt • gofa'ibdol|ontkiiow.'^ « « rn ten yo« what th^Vo about " aaid ■ tUrd oUmiqg in— "Ml ten you what they're about: thia is tfio^ Fourth of July, tod thaVM ' going to a great dinner." -' •" Bit thu did not enlii^teii them any tin mdn, so the tUrd party Ka^ to give Aem some of tihe^aftiflulan regarding the day, and infbnaad W h ./^^.jsartyaMgi MM ^j tnw ^ca MK - j loavr "-f - -r-i vJtMU .u- ^ -lA-ii V* 'X ■"' ''^ 'I / .( KB wtame atlahtio Kxiwnoii. 8T J Um tb*t»ll t^« AnMrioMi flaci wire diaplkjtd ia honor of Um'qot OMion. ' On Um uriral of the offieon tt the hotel, ihcj wan TCodvwl by Um eoomiiMM, bywhont thej men introduocd to thr nai of th« -ompany. Whan th« owemony of introdaotioii wm over, Uw wholo party proceed to the 4it|bg halL ThU kpartaWt wm handiomaly ont|un«nt«d t^t th« flOMtioli. Ortt the cntnnou tho Ameiiokn flag wm dup Uyed : at the oppocite end wae a jather flerctrtboking ■p^eoimen of the bird of Joto, wUle upon the walla aroand the apartment 'were hong engraringa of ^the telegraph fl^t, the aignera of the Deolaratinn of^depondenofl,' a potltrait of Waakbgton, Uie Ab>*'> Senate in aeaaion, and a fae ainiile of the Deolaration itaelf When the dinner waa thoroaghly disouaaed, tkti oraipaay paand the real 0/ the erening in ^peeoh making and the jatmnkmtgt vi fHoidly aentimenta. ilnoDg tiioae who Tiaited the ahip while in Uia Mersey Waa Prinoe Dapoleao, the aon of Jerome, and another of the nephewa of hia unole. He waa attended by hia saittfT'oonRiflting of the followii)ig jgentlemen : — La Baron de la Ronoiere, capitaine ; le cbof d' eaoadWAi d' 6tat M^or FfRi; Diaaat, aide-decamp dn Prinee ehef t'^eaoadron da earalerie'j Oi«nr,>eiiyflr dn Prinee; M. Regnault^ rnenbre de I'Twtitot ; M. de ' Oluraooortaia, eng^nieor doa mines ; M. Arag-that ia, every body, from the eaj^a^down to* &e -powder monksyi, wore 4o know who he was — at leaat' suoh is the msaaiog of the word, aa estaUiafaed by royal- nsage and custom. The youBg^flni^iish Prinoe is to make his tour of Europe in the aame atyle ; and iHien all the other members of the fot^^ f]|}nily set o«t on iheir tmvals, U b to be presumed they will adSpt a umllar course. " TKe Prinoe and his suite' canfe alongside in a steamboat, and his Imperial fiighness was the first to (»>me on board. Thcroaptain in- Tiied the whole oornmay into the oalnn, where he explained the different fiMtarerof ifitereat in the enterprise to them. The Prinoe is said to be a rsBMtflsiUe likeness of his gi^t unole, bat he is mnoh teller, being aboit flvt fbetderoL He us certainly the Napoleonlo face, and m^t eai%,lM irfekad ont ia % onmd asB membaV'Of the family; bot . that imjMnal dipreaaion-whioh is seen in all the portraits of the First NlfdaOBi is-waating fn tlie nepbew. He is fj^out thirty-fire yean of %ign, aad reitaiblea his ancle, not only in the faoe, bot in tbe peooHair stoop of the shfttnlden by which the Littlo Gorpofal iraa diatiB0PU8bed. IIm ItbM i« ozooodingly a&ble h his BxamMcs, and altlLooj^ his ..- ■ ' . , 1/ \ ■i I .t- I u ! ' i \ ^- 'r I 1 a*'* ' ' '< aap titt>'«w»»- %' r Ik i V *'^ ■^ t-^ jA •^- ' 'f ^5-''' ' J^<^•w "•"<■) "''<-^-a «5"^>-,^'* •".f','^ ' ^''^^^Jift .*. ' 98 THK^;fe\»>-!^-fc^i»p4A'-;(V, fy > ' fWfiK;.^ 1 t !i J{ t \: • r .- h ; 1 13; m 1 .■■•i '■<• 100 THE OCEAN TELEGRAPH. i matter of rivalry among them as to who should be accepted. About one hundred and twenty were enlisted for the serrioe, and these, with ten ... 'J-' THE FIB8T ATLAMTIO KXTEDITION. 101 wlu \ he belongs, and whose fame has spread to saoh an extent among the the otusr watches that they would raise a subscription to buy his time fcr their own especial amusement. He is a prince of good^fellows — a regular Jack Tar — well stocked with yarns that leave even the inven- tire powers of Munchausen in the shade, and as full of fun as an egg is full of meajt — ^provided it be a good one, which makes all the diflFerence in the world, so far as the accuracy of the comparison is regarded. But with aU their jokes, and riddles, and yams, and conundrums, they do not Delect their work, for while in their merriest mood, the' cable is ,. packed away with as much rapidity as if they bestowed their undivided attention on it, and kept ^ silent as a congregation at a prayer meeting. They call themselves tiie telegraph watch, and it is wi^ no little feeling of pride they regard theit position as coilers. The superintendent, who is placed over them to see that they do not neglect their work, and who flits in that little box outside of the circle, has no occasion to display his authority, for they are so willing, and so active, and so quick, and 00 earnest, too, that there is really no necessity for his supervision. He may now and then throw in a word by way of showing that he is in his box ; but his oc<»sional requests or exhortations to the men to " be live- ly now," are entirely unnecessary ; they are both active and lively, a&d ho knows it as well as a man ever knew any thing with which he Wfu thoronghly aoquainted. He has his part to perform, however, and when he tells them about onoe every half hour the same thing that he has been telling them ever since the first yard of the cable was taken on board, they know that after all it is only a matter of form, and no in- •inaation or hint that they are not attending to their work. Th^ know, too, that he is just as good a fellow as any one of their own number, and that he enjoy8s§ joke as well as those inside the circle. After all the illness and monotony of the work, there is no dnlness about the workmen, and the time passes so rapidly with them, that they are some- tmes astoniidted when a firesh *' telegraph watch " com^s to their relie£ The cable men of the Niagara were like so many Mark Tapkys, and oame out most creditably under circumstances that wonld have damped the ardor of any other body of men. The circle of coilers, as they sat round the ring piling tip flake on flake, were more like a social party aaaeabled for amusement than a body of operatives who had a monotonous work to perform. They amused themselves with conun- dnuns, both good and bad, related yams as long as the maintop-bow- line, and laughed at jo^es that they had heard for the twentieth time. Bat withid there was no neglect of l|^ work, which went on VAoeasingly from mom to night, and from nigUl^mora,iiIl the twenty-flrst day saw the last mSe of it placed on boar^vNearly one-half the time, too, they iivl , f it! ,i 1 I is . w 102 i ;.*-- J ,f THB QOBAN TELEOBAPH. ( i were reduced to » stoop- ing posture, for, as the coils increased in height, the space between the top of them and the beams of the ^ok overhead gradu- ally diminished so as to render it impossible for tljenl to stand, or even sit upright. In this eztreiq- ity they resorted to a contrivance which was no less novel than it was in- geiious, and which afford- ed them an inexhaustible fund of mirth and hUmor. ' 5 The operative who travel- g led round the circle, pay- H ing out the cable which a he hauled down through I the opening above him, I was obliged by the in« e creasing height of the coil, S not only to stoop like his S fellow-workmen, but was g compelled to go down upon his hands and knees. As it was impossible, how- ever, for him to use his hands while upon all-fours, it became necessary to de- vise another way of pay- ing out to the ooilers. The inventive facdties were now called into play, and the result was the con- trivance which is repre- sented in the subjoined engraving. A belt, it may be ob- served, is fiistened rooad his body, and to t^Js 1.^,- .t THE 7IBST ATLAUno KXTEMTION'. 103 i •gain 18 attached an iron ring through which the cable paases, an^^y^ means of which it is thus paid out to the operators. When tWs in- genious contrivance was introduced, it was welcomed amid ayshower of jokes from every part of the circle, and when harnessed f the " payer out," the provocation was so perfectly irresistible, that |r()m that time to the end of the work there \*ere enough yams spuajand stories told to make a dozen such volumes aflVBaroii Mnnchaus^, with a whole library of Joe Millers to boot. Heywas called "a fast boss," " ja bob-tailed nag," " a full-blooded racer," &fiL, &e.y &c^''and small bets were offered on his trotting round the courseXin lei6 than two forty. " Hey — get along there — what 're you about — ^pat round, my fllly — ^jee up now and show your training," and such like exclamations greeted him as he pro- ceeded on all fours round the' cone. " Give me a grip of your tail, old Joey." " ^here le goes off in a panter — ten to one on his pacing," and so the fun was kept up, the fast nag himself occasionally joining in with the company, lake it altogether, there was never such a combination of humor, fun, genius and art, as was to be found in the submarine oable circles of the Niagara, and if the circles of the Agamemnon had only half the complement, they must have been as jolly a set of fellows as ever assembled on a British roan of war. While the Niagara was receiving the oable in the Mersey, a meeting of the members of the Atkntic Telegraph Company was held in London to decide upon the debated question, whether the laymg of tha^able should be commenced from Valentia Bay or from mid-ooean. The en- gineers were in favor of the latter course, but they were overruled by the electricians, who advocated the former. And so it was decided, that the cable should be lanyied at Valentia Bay, and paid out across the ocean to Newfoundland. According to the plan adopted, the Niagara was to pay out her portion of the cable first, and th6n to splice the end to that on board the Agamemnon, which was to lay the remaining half, and land her end at Trinity Bay, the point of connection on the Amer- ican side. Whatever doubts there may have been as to the greater feasibility of the mid-ooean plan, there certainly can be none now in view of Uie results which have attended the first and last expeditions. THE 9IAGABA AND THE TBLEGBAPH FLEET AT QUEEN8T0W». The coiling of the cable on the Niagara at Liverpool oocupied three weeks, as we have said, but her departure was delayed by the fitting up of the machinery. She left Liverpool, however, on the 27th of July for Queenstown, Ireland, where she arrived on the 2.9th of the same month. While at Queenstown several electrical Experiments were made, and satisfactory results reported, although it was subsequently admitted, that, /:, M .#1 -vl .!; .! : i'.ni re i^ I r V^- THI OCTIAK TJXJWRAPH. were Uterally thaw ont and deposited where they are now seen. Br th depo«Us of theae and other xnaterial., it i« afgued rraTries of » iori»«(i tie b«l of the ooean, were thu. tailt op ,l,».linl,M .». - 1'.?°° "'.! '™"" •«'■"'' p"'^"" •"■°^' """I'f Hf™Th;°^ Slf ^^^^f" Company would be under .ligh TbU« iotto me ta them every year ju«t iu the right spot, and, wending oS^^^^ ^terly d.rec .on, i^ediately ab.ve the line of tie plateCaTrTes^' t the n.ore sold matter with which they were freight «d Si ^^ tors along Its route. This matter, combined with'what iThddt^Ltiol by Itself, forms in the course of thousands of vews ^Zl auJEcien, perhaps, to make an island large^thlTtrf ZTSrftat The telegraph plateau has been called a plain; but it is, ml n^Zt speabng, an immense table-land, like the steals of ^Tn^i -T ^ uj. from the bed of ^e ocean. To the south'*:f7t^ Sfe Atlt^nsTo^' fi^, a^ su «Jes deep whUe on the plateau alone is there «ly tS 1^ a unrform lerel. In «idition to the rocks which hare been dep^ ted by the melting or melted icebergs, there is. «i has been^Zt «»undmgs of (ie two officers of the United Sutes »>d British navies, j«t 1 • -III ■ .\ ,Vj »' \ J. TflE FIBST ATLANTIO EXFBDITIOK. 107 named, in gnat part of exceedingly minute shells, so minute indeed, u to be imperceptible to the naked eye. The finding of these is considered an infallible indication of the absonoe of currents at the bottom of- this part of the ocean. This belief is further sustained by the fact, that in the soundings of Captain ^yman and Lieut. Berryman, the slack line would be coiled and kinked over the lead, shoiring plainly that it had reached the bottom after the lead had become detached, which could not hare been the case if the plateau were swept by currents. The first soundings which were made were taken by Lieut Berry- nan in the summer of 1858, and the second and last in the fall of 1856. These were very suooessful, establishing, beyond all peradventure, the ezistenoe of the plateau. In June and July of 1857, Captain Day- man, of H. M. S. Cyclops, also made soundings on the line of the pro- posed telegraph, and with the same satisfactory result. Some excep- tions had been taken in regard to the reliability of Lieut Berryman's tonndings, but those of Captain Dayman were strongly corroboratire of their correctness, making allowance for the variations of locality in th« loundings of the two officers. It must not be forgotten that the soundings of Capt Dayman and \ Lieut Berryman were made at distances of firom five to thirty miles ^ ap*rt, and were seldom if ever taken within a mile of each other. '^ la view of this faot the reader will at once perceive their remarkable ooin- oidence. Oapt. Dayman states in his report tllat whatever errors there may be in the depths given by marked lines, they are on the side of el- oess. The reason for this is twofold : " Firstly^ the loss of time (and oonaeqnently loss of line also) in estimating at g^at depths, by the io* tervala, the exact moment when the sinker ceases ti^desoend. Secondly, the loss of line which may be caused by the deviations from the per* pendioolar of certain portions of it in passing throu^ water moved by under cunenta." He is of opinion that soundings in dtnpths above 1,000 or 1,600 fathoms can be depended upon as strictly as iirithin twenty or twenty-five fitthoms, except with very small and light lii^es. In regaid to the diq[>atfld exirtenoe of under currents, he relates the following in* tereating ineidott: " On the evening of the 16th of July, the sea betng too high for the employment of smaller lines with any ohanpe of bring- ing up Uie bottom, I sounded with the tapered Irhale line aM a sink«r of ninety-Mz pounds weight, trusting for the depth to the\^^ macbine attached, oorteoted for index error,. ascertained withl ' Une. The depth thos found waa 2,176; but 2,400 fiohoms o^ bean paid ontt to maka son of dat^^ the weight, an^ t^ (vd^ i piisei the i^ fothoma next to the mm came up to the^^li^ vb^^ iimi^wiSi, 'S\» aiakar wiui detaehed, and the valve (as usujal in i \ ■J": ViH* . 11 4 i- i '*1»!*/-v''*'''t' \A. 108 TBI OOHAir nUOBAjni. »t the bottom la » ood wm in many plM«. oowed with th« nmo k3 of 00.*, which hid .dhmd to it tL;ngh<«t it. pJZ io t^ « J^!^ Snbt^ng 200 fro. 2.400, the «nZt of iL^e^bS^tX SSL "PPr'T i'^*^ '' 2,200 fcthom., or about , twentHou. fethonu more th« th.t d«,wn by the nuehine. A. the dup w« W ttroughoat the ^ration e«otly orer the line. „d the depSiTJk^ ti^os (mmua the 200 fcthonui foul on the bottoi) i«re- wiZ ZnT fouMjthom. of th.1 ,.^,ded by the funding iXT I^^^ of whioh may fertoiuttely in thi. inrt«oe be depended upon itVoSi jWear th.t th. line mu.t h£v. been e^ried do^ „e.r;^;i;l:S^ Urly, Md that, therefore, no under ourrent aileoted it" '^^""'^ .1. r'lLJ'^i* ^ ** ' ■^"•"' "^" ^ *•»«» '^'w i»«i-t that the ^^ bed of the ooean i, «rept by ^umnf. and that i. oon«qu,i thereof .t i, unpo«ibte to lay a cable ever in the g«at depthi ^^ The^unemi of the bottom whioh were brought op by Capt Da,, mn and Lieut Be„yn,an are exoeediTgly intereZg Tn r^c^tj^^ out ,t» who e length by a eoft kind of «ud, whioh haa been oaU^oS »d which u^mpoeed mainly of the renuin. of the .mall^^^ m«ne hfo-of creaturea »> minute aa to ie«rme the atrongeat vmZ of ti^e nucjx«H,po to make them .i«ble to *U human eyaT^p^ W Z V "^r^ " •''•*^ ««-. the oo^u, from nI^o^ kad, buthea rafter between the 16ih and 48th d,«ree. of weat W tade The greateat depth i. 2,400 fcthoma, a«H>rfiug to Cant SS ZLI^orTi^ to the «>unding. of LiL B^„, ft'L^^ cZ^.h Ik i^ "."^ 'y-urkable, ind indeed alioat the only I chTity which ha. been found along the line, i. that lying under tlw 16(1 f^ Tane. from 660 to 1.760. «,d the nature of the bottomZ^ from^rock to ooae. the latter h^be« r.Jl f"^1. b« «»neml,«ed here, how«m, that the* mmt^^y^ SmTtT*" in the form of . g^tt. dop,. Whr<:t^ J Mored inthe«.^^«tarfkote*7m««ner by the ,«dt of lh» ..pedition *^toal iBtpeditiontof 1868^ whieh ahoM^ that thw« iranaof tiw eable lAidi fonhed Ihe chief (4>. ' Meditemnean cable from Sardinia to Algwia. ]«oir^ in the mo of 1^7 and and were none of thoN w^ ■taofe in the layii^ ofl f^f^ /. ^!li^^?Ja*BtlA%>3^« ft^^ aS i^^A.^ r 'tBfk fan Anuumo nnoiTioN. 100 An kttMnpt wm nftde to Uy Ow line between thoM two pobta in Sep- tember, 1866, uid it WM pj;ooeeaing moat (kTorably, wlen a moit •taraung flight of the e«ble oeoarrM. " About two milee, weighing six- teen ton», «ew oat with the greateet violenoe in four or fiye minutes, flying rooaad even when the dnmw were brought tp a dead stop, creating the greatert alarm fiw the eafety of the men in the hold, and for the TeeseL" In the laying of the Atlantic cable in August of 1857 there waa, as has been stated, no difficulty of this kind, although they had passed the abrupt deoliyity alluded to the day before the cable part this p^int wiU «rvt be embraoed in the discoveries of soienoe; HM do«s then s^em to be any means of ascertaining whether the tele- gmph pl»teau. hM be« built up by the depoeit of immense boulders Vffl^d«wn&<»th«Altti«MgWM by gigantic icebergs. UntU soienoe . I r\ 1 \M .i:1 ■If iW. fli^ ir I >' :0 '■ .'". M' no nn OdUtf nCLKBAFB. "i hM p««letr»M into tI»«,proftmiKl«.t deBtha of li>e o««n *nJ KiA *i we rappoM, will arer be known in re^nTto til. tl.«n« a , ' Uon of tho. other qae.iion.wluclrh;.e JLtol Tt*7^:;;J* "^^ ^ THK lOTDSOBU OF TIffl PLATEAU. ' ' ,^ oh to the un«ded rmor, .ppe.r when dried of . white orridS . whito^or, be«. a .ery rtrong re^mbUnoe to very fine Lt ^ •ppearanoe as they Ire at the bottom of . .1^ y^, ^ .^.7 # Vt brown muddy ^.ediment, in which are X^^TJTL^ 1/' ' Y* .«planat.onwh,oh Mr.Thomaa H^Huxley FR-fi tn J^ '■• ' tion they were eubmittod, "haa AirtMd J^. nJ!L \, .u ""P**" we have upon tfi« ibtoreiing ^^^ ^^ ^vrJln ti .^^^^^ fied apeoimena which the iUuftratTon « J^LrtoTp^il^'^.rf perfect accuracy of which we can bear to. w"' tC "ff *^ which have just been referred" to wr. «!>♦ • j i^^ , Jpeouneni 1,700 to 2,400 f.thonu^ ^d of thTatd^ ^» f«pth. ranging fto„. /^iat of minnto aninuJ or^nllT ^rr"" v '^ "^°*'**°*^ ««■ thick akeletona <^^po^^'^L^tt/Z:^t::rT^'^ "'*^ poaition ia found in theLt *»..♦ f k i- • ^"^^ of their com- - >^S gUMrU points of retembUmx H%|P ^^^l^i"* '«*J° "^i""**",- ««! - the «,ientiflo toiy d^re to know aomething more about t^ -^-^^.T^. ~.att|fcS?./f o^»« VHption by Mr: ^ -?^'*% \ « THR HBST ATLAN-nO KXPEDITION. Ill ,^The tubercles multiply in number and elongate, so as OTentoally to reaembls close net and Hliarp-poiiitod palisadeii, and thuii by the ^ off of their outer cndii, to oontitituto a more smooth, enamel-lika %oat,"iifliioh attains a threojiuudrud and fiftictli of an inch, or more, in thioknosfi. The smallest globigarina aro uithor nlear Or have but Hlightly grauulax contents, but a very large pro|^ortion of the larger ones are Mndered opaque by a reddish brown granular mass contained in their interior. When such BpectmonH are treated with very dilute acids which dinolye away the calcareous skeleton, a 4lf^ with or without imbedded foreign tantters. The other five per cent, of the caloare< >9 organisms are /oraminiy>r(», of,, at most, not more than ^fonr or five species. The remaiuing ten per cent, of the whole deposit consists. pu.tly of granular matter, partly of animal, and partly of vege- table organisms, provided with Hiliccons skeletons and envelopes. The other speeimens consiit^of broken fragments of diatomacea, so imp«r-- feot and so broken thai they cm witli difficulty be distinguished iMnong the mass." A cdnsiderablo difference of opinion exists amotig soientiflo men in regard to. iiio birthplace of these singular forms of life, li is Qon-- tended by some that they have been carried to that part of tho ocean where they are now found by the Gulf Stream, and by others that they have sunk from the surface of the ocean, where they have lived and died. . Both these positions, bowever, are assumed, as we understand j merely as a matter of speculation, in thft absence of such information as further and fuller research may give. If' they have drifted into their present bed by the action of the 6df Stream, they must have had their birth in shallow waters ; but thee it is argued in opposition to this view that none of thb edtini which inhabit shallow water are found with them. In regard to the idea advanced that they have lived and died at the surface, from^whioh they have gradually lonk to i>he bottom, it is said that some globigwitut, oi something that tpeseitil^ them,1ia.Te been found in the "Western Pacific. In oppoaitioB to tbii, however, it is denied that these are globigerin(»,«ai BO that speculation , is disposeiT jf There is yet another proposition, which, as we have entered upon the scientific explanation of the snbjecti, should not be forgotten. We have given the two positions-^that is, that • these minute orgaQisms have lived and died in shallow waters, from whiob they have been carried by that tyonder-working agent which per- ' forms saoh an indispensable part in the economy of natord — the* Qulf ?\t V^H'^. iri !■: . -P 'i - ■M] ^ -,J 1, !'■..' V, 41'" M-r? ^^^/t'^j:''-^ , T.".^. i> 'i^: m i ?■*' I * 5 !«■. '? '^.' vO- -'A 112 THK OCEAN XP.BOKAPH. wi«rr ^'J '^'^ *^''"^' ^•^^' *°^ ^° i : II ■ M ! !■■ M U i ^i4 Ulfc THB OOSAV TBUOBAPm eyidently intendsd for a eunel, althongh then is no tnoe of a hnmp on hia back, aad he has lost » ^; daring his long sea voyags, bat the anisfe has still left safficient evidence by which to tell the species to which he belongs. There are quite a large number of aoimals bendes this, but th« task of classifying them would exceed even the powers of Cuvier himseUl This one has the bill of a duck on a head that otherwise resembles tha*le, when it is found n» oessary to repair any defeota in a eable dnring tha proeeaa of paying it out In such oases it is only necessary, after s^«ng the bteraalooppw wire or conductor, to heat the parts of the gutU peroha which are to bO: joined. Whoa this is done, the open space or bwak is oowred by layew^ of gutta peroha as thin as the psge on which we write, and eight or ten of whioh layers we required to maka Qm broken part onifonn with tiia rest Over twenty tons of the r«w aaterial aiw maunl^etttNd n^rj mak in the factory, and in the boiling department alvoa, sane ferty or Mt^ vats or eauldrons are constiyitly in ose. On entering the first ioor, y«i •60 them thsowiag out their Uttle jetn of steam m avaiy side, while tha Iwutng watera bobbU np tbMngh tha opanings on tof, raBindipg jm-* of tha desoriptioiis whioh ttavellars in loeland have given of tha ^* ^"Bgs of that strange country. Pasaing from this dapartnMnt to tha • fbw, tha finishing roont is reaohai, and hara tha prooeM of coat- "t-'^ M M ■"i?':^:'' /.w^vv ■ THE F1E8T ATLANTIC EXPEDITION. 116 *-^ Log the condactor is performed. The conductor is composed of seven copper wires, six being wound spirally round theseventh, which is per- fectly Btraight and occupies the centre. TOie conductor itself, on ao- coont of its peculiar spiral form, is capable of being extended twenty per cent, of its own kngdi before breaking, and the seven wires of which it ia composed give it « decided and important advantage over that formerly used. In t^ ciMO ,^;«ii;^|i^t. •\#!5l*'?*^.^^f.?liii;l^Wr''''- ■•''* *»^*" " i'^^vM^;, Vf "t; <.*:i.p.-..'.i> 116 THE OCKAN IVLEGRAPH. I) ■ fW The following cngraringg show the exajot thickness of jthe and shore end cables. sea »jrD xsD SIDE Bcmon or cabu j,m\ ztm or bhobi oablb. 1. Wire — Eighteen stninda of aeven wires. 8. Outta peroha— Three coats. 2. Six stTsnda of yarn. i. Telegraph wires— Seven tn nnmber. The manufacture of this part of the \ cable is very simple. The conductor having been thoroughly testjed, to prove its complete insulation, the cable is sent to the factory, where it is covered with the iron wire and prepared for coiling. ; Before the insulated wire leaves the gutta percha factory, every saW miles of it are thoroughly examined. Should any flaw be found jit is immediately repaired, and the cable is again subjected to the elejctrio test, when, if it proTB perfect, it is allowed to remain undisturbed until such time as it is placed on shipboard^ The break of continuity or connection in the core from imperfect insulation, or 4 parting of the oopper wire, is made, known by the ringbg of a bell, "which sounds the alarm the instant the interruption takes place, and continues ringing so long as the battery sends the electric stream along the conductor. The author was an observer of this test, and saw it applied with the most perfect success. The connection was temporarily destroyed ; but the moment Jjjjftbattery was brought to bear upon the conductor, the unerring indicator, the little bell, com- menced rbging, and kept it up till the battery was detached. Through the means of that same infallible detective every mile of it is not oidy proved before leaving th6 factory, but as it goes into coils on shipboard. The covering of the Atlantic cable with its wire protection or armor is performed by a separate establishment, and is an entirely different process from that just described. There are in hoi two of these manufactories, one at Birkenhead, opposite Liverpool, and the other at Greenwich, about five miles from London. The factory at Greenwich is situated on the banks of the Thames, and about a mile from the hospital for superannuated sailors. It is in the very centre of a manufacturing district, and in view of the mam,- pearwAce of the building which would give any indication of the char- »«ii;Kt?.'r''.'''ti>*ff»t-' THE FIRST ATI-ANTIO EXPEDITION, 117 aeter of the work performed within its walls, and the only intimation , which the spectator who is not privileged to enter has of it, is that con- Teyed in the immense sign on the roof, which informs him that the sub- marine telegraph cable is manufactured there. The whole establish- ment is surrounded by a wall eight or ten feet high, to keep out that spirit of inquiry which, whether laudable or not on the part of the pub- lic, does not receive the same amount of toleration, or the same oppor-. tunity in England that it does in the United SUtes. There is, in ad- dition to this wall, a porter at the goto, who^is one of the most polite of Cerberuses, and who guards it as well against all unprivileged appli- cants as did the Russians the fortress nf Sebastopol. The only ap- proach to it is by a gravelled pathway which is terribly destructive to shoe-leather, and a journey over half a dozen miles of which would use up the best pair of boots ever made ; and yet, strange to say, these gravel footpaths are so common about London, and all over Eng- land, as to give rise to the belief that the interest of the shoemakers is among the strongest in the kingdom, and that the authorities who have the charge of the making and repairing of roads, must have a strong sympathy with that time-honored and indispensable class of tradesmen. Happening fortunately to be one of the privileged few who were permitted to enter the factory, I visited it during my stay in London. On passing the gate, I discovered on each side a circus, thirty or forty feet in diameter, which had been dug to the depth of about four feet. In both there were eight coils, each containing from twenty to three hundred miles of the cable, and some three or four of which were receiving it as it came freshly made out of the factory. The men who were engaged in packing or coiling it had their hands and feet besmeared with tar, and the whole establishment was redolent of the same material. But no matter how objectionable the tar may be, it is an excellent preventive of rust, and absolutely bdispensable in the manufacture of the cable. The two circuses, or basins, as they are, perhaps, more property called, are so constructed, that they can be filled to the top with water, to allow of thir complete submersion of the cable. The machinery in the cable factory is very simple, and although at the first glance it appears rather intricate and complicated, a few minutes' inspection makes it all perfectly plain. The first process is the serving or covering of the gutta percha insulation with hemp Bteeped in a composition of tar and pitch, after which it receives the external protection or wire armor. The preparation of the hemp Md the winding of it on bobbins engage the services of a doien boys, (I i '1 tti if "wtro 'WOTic from morning to night, and from Monday to Saturday, ^-'i.(pi;jjfen'',ii'^:Sij i,!'■'•'■ ^'tnrm-'i^m It" - ^i^ THE FiBgT xru^ma uxptowioK. lid both. In addition to the wuidin^in and paying-oat part of it, there was an en- gine of twenty horse pow« er, which wag always to be kept in readiness should it be found neeessary to use it in taking up the cable, an operation which had al- ways failed. This portion of thema- oMnery was made the sub- ject of severe criticism, and it was asserted, in ad- vaaoe of its trial, that it was too heavy and too powerful for the work for ^ wfaieh it was constructed. S The machine was com- i posed of four Y sheare * wheels, which are indicat- I ed in the following engrar* fl ■ ing by the letters a a a a. i The cable passes over g these in the manner exhib- ited in the engraving first .^tering the groove or sheave in the seoon ' sheave wheel, passing over and under it. It then passes over the^ first sheave wheel, and taking a turn over the greater part of its periphe- ry, is carried to the fourth, from which it is delivered to the third, passing finally from that to the sheave wheel at the stern, and over that agaiif into the ocean. The brake w heel^ l^hioli ire sEdwh "by tfie"" Tn ■\4^''^: ".;■.« .1 n ■ ■ 1 i 1 \ 120 THB OOEAN TELEGEAPn. in If 'i^^ 151; letter i, are turned by a pinion, as in the winding-in machine, and revolve with a velocity proportioned to the size of the Kheave wheels, each of which is five fefct in diameter. T^he brake wheels are acted upon by wooden blocks, screwed together as rep- resented in the ' Friction Braktt, and when compress* ed, act upon the lever e, which is connected with the indicator d. This in- dicator shows the strain on the cable. The brake is worked by moans of the handle e, be- side which there was al- ways a man stationed to work it when required. The indicator is similar to a patent spring scale, and /, /, is simply a line and weight to keep it from being pulled out of its plaee by the action of the lever. THE MACHINERY FOR WLVDINQ ri^. Although it was hoped that there would be no occasion for the use of this machine, yet it would have been a culpabte want of foresight to have neglected providing one for each of t> cable ships. One of the most serious difficulties which was to be apprehended in the work of paying out was that which might arise from th^kinking of the cable. But the ease with which it was coUed on the Niagara— frequently at the rate of three/ miles an hour, and on one occasion at the rate of five miles— was cer-/ tainly most auspicious and promising for the success of the final opera -tiea. -fberemra TRT strain, no tendii^ ^IMrtod iriiffi the ex^OT ■iVifj ( THE FIE8T ATLANTIC EXPEDITION. 121 uon wojil ^ a 8p tion of a slight twist vhioh. wojild be perceptible even on thread when unwound from a spool, there was nothing to justify the fear that there would be any obstacle in the way of the successful accom- plishment of the work from such a cause. Still, as has been said, it would have been culpable in the engineers to have neglected to make pro- vision for such an emergency. The winding-machine, al- though it added considerably to the weight of the maohiq- ery for paying out, was, ac- cording to the opinion of the engineers connected with the enterprise, as compact and as light as it could possibly be, considering the work which it had to perform. The fol- lowing representation gives a correct view of it, and with the explanations of the vari- ous parts, will render it clearer to the popular un- derstanding than any unaid- ed verbal description. A A are two grooved drums, sheaves about seven feet in diameter, having five grooves on the periphery of each. The cable is wound round eaoh drum five times, passing from one to the oth- er in succession till all the grooves are filled, when each revolution of both wheels jays it out to the hands of the men who stand ready to coil it as it is taken^ up from the ocean. The object of passing it round these drums sd ofteD f f . \ I i \ I 1- II ■ ' ti I i fi I f: ^9^ TUB OCEAN. TBXBO)RAPH. , IS to render it easier for the engineer to check it by tho application of the brake, which is .ndicated by letter E, andwWoh is presented morein another ongravkig. The winding-machine is bo oonfltructed that it can boinade to perform <^e work of the paying-rut machine should it be foi&d necessary to employ it in that way. In the event of its being tWTION OW THl Mimox BBAKa used for such a purpose the brake becomes absolutely necessary to re- stram the speed of the cable in going out over the stem. The grooves are for the purpose of keeping the cable from becoming entangled, or rather from crowding and cutting the outer wire, which would be very Lable to occur were tl^e periphery of the drum perfectly flat. The five 8how.uig the groove in which the deep sea line rests, and the letter b that in which is represented the shore cable, the end sections of both deep sea hTfi t ^ u- w . ^"^^ represented by proportionately sized circles, ^oLtr wt;f oiir '' '-'' ' '"' '' ' ^-^- -'''' --^ ^'y On the same shafts as the groove dnuns of the wii^ding-in machine are the spur wheels C C m gear with the pinion placed between them and which is indicated by D. The irfiaft on which *---^ THE FIB8T ATLAHTIO EXPEDmON, •tops the Urge wheels, and by which of course the whole maohine is checked when sufficient pressure is employed. There are two brakes, one of whiohris imme- diately behind the other, and cannot, therefore, be seen. The whole weight of the winding-in maohine is about five tons. The grooved wheels, it was calculated, would ^unjrith a velocity of ten revolu- tions to the minute, and at this «peed would wind up the cable over the wheel at the ^om at the rate of three miles an hour. The paying out is regulated in the same way — that is, for %very three miles of the cable passed over these grooved wheels to the wheel at the stern and- from it down into the ocean, each of the grooved' wheels would make ten revolutions a minute. In the winding up of the cable, which is a much slower process than the paying out, on ac- count of the greater strain produced by the operation, the length of cable taken in would not exceed one mile and a half an hour, and the revolutions would be reduced, therefore, to five per minute. On the same shaft with the brnkes is represented the third large spur wheel I, which is worked by a pinion driven by the engine. STOWAGE OF TBI QOBA ON THK yUOARA. Th» following engraving is designed to show the stowage of the coib on board the Niagara. The paying-ont tmd inndiog-in ma- chinery is ahova m a small scale by letter a, and ihe ooils by the numbers 1, 2, 8, 4, 6, and 6, whidi also present whi c h —feey w e re, to be paid out, No. 1 being the ten m 128 V / 1 * ','Ki"^^teiii'--:. r IF ^** ' th4 ocean teueoraph. miles of the shore cable. Letter / is a similar shei^vo #he«l to that oter the stern, and was to be used when it became necessary in oon»- quehce of a gale, to remove the cable to the bow, so * as to enable the vessel to steam up against the wind.'as -it would inevitobly have been broken otherwise. The length of miles in the different coils on board the Niagara, ^ the remainder being on board the Agamemnon, is presented in the fol- lowing tables : Coil No. 1— Shore cable, . . - . . 'lO* , No. 2 — Deep aes cable, . . 130 N/>. 8 do. do. . ... 294 No. * do. do. ^ . I8U . No. 6 Jo. do. ....'. 352 Wo. o do. do. . . . 297 ^ - Total, .'.,.. . "i^ Thtf shore and deep sea cables were to be passed to the paying-out machinery over a series of small-sized drums, placed at regular inter- . vals between the coil from which it was taken and the machine. THE CABLE GUARDS. Among the taosf important parts of the machinery which was required m the laymg of the cable, were the guards for the propellers of the Aga- memnon and Uiagara, and without which its successful accompUshment was considered doubtful, these being absolutely necessary to prevent the fouling of the submarine cable in the event of the ship being obliged to back out of the way of icebergs, 0/ from other causea It was a point to which the greatest attention was very properly given, as the break- mg of the cable, after several hundred miles of it had been paid out would postpone the couple- tion of the enterprise for a year, in addition to the great pecuniary loss by which such a disaster would btf'attended. It was proposed to avoid such a disaster by surrounding the ^^^^^mfi I ^^^^ ^LMH i screw with a cage, which ^^^^ ^ would effeotually prevent the ^^^^^^^i^**"*' cable from cOming in con- tact j but as the two vessels were differently constructrl, and as it would be absolute- .. — ly necessary to place the Ni._^ZZZT """*" *"°'""' """ ""^'^ i'i rSMw^* --f[1( THE riBBT ATLANTIC EXPEDITION. 125 bo that oonse- ble the e been lagara, ho fol- ig-oat inter- uired Aga- ment it the ed to in'tto reak' out, f »fm^ tha cage could bo fastened to hor, it waa decided to abandou it in her case, and to adopt a guard in its stead. The.cag*; wa.s, tliereforo, only used on the Agamemnon, whioli wtia dockod for Uio jmrposc. From the gpbjoinod drawings the reader will perceive ut once the diflercncc between the two contrivances. -, . In tbh drawing it will bo aoen that there are two guards of iron which >wc6p round the Hterii of the Niagara, in the form of a Homi-circlo or horseshoe, enclosing both the propeller and the rudder, the lowei being about a foot above the water line, and the other at an elevation; of some seven or eight feet from it. As the ship drew throe or four feet more when loaded with the cable, the lower guard would, of course, bo submerged to a corresponding depth, forming a still better protection when \n the process of backing. This guard was placed aliout thre^ feet from the flange qf the screw, and between eleven and twelve from the side of the rudder post, so that its full diameter at this point was from twenty-two to twenty-four feet. The length of the perpendic- ular bars varied from seven to fourteen feet, and the whole presented so small a surface to the action of the water, and was so well fastened with bolts and screws, that it was expected to resist all the pressure to which it might be subjected, either from the inside or outside. In the case- -of the Agamemnon, to which the cage was applied, and of the stern of which the following is a correct drawuig, tl e differ^' ence will at once be seen when compared with the Niaga a. The counter or under rounding of the stern is muclii^i-ep to the ^ .ter mark than that of the Niagara, and to this cause is owing the difiference in the open spi^o which is so apparent in a comparison of the sterns of both shipsi The cable protector. presented in this drawing is, literally speak- ing, a cage made of bans ^i iron placed almost at right angles with oaeh other, and inside of which the screw is observed. It descends below the watermark ; the perpendicular bars, of which there are two on each side, being screwed to the counter and the keel of the ship, not more than three or four feet of, the whole cage being visible above the sur- face of the water. The horhsoa^ TBS tTl>5 AKS irBIUBISI CABLI pViiSD Or TU AOAMUUrON. . tal bare are rounded out so afi to ?■■■ I -ft' f' •<^> ■/y . ) Cf^' <^# ^';M\ *- 126 <%s ■rfbs ocf JEAN TELBOBAPH. the guard and the cage were the best that could be deviHPd a^f 7 and proved efficient for the purpose the, we^ltlntr ^bf ;^^^^^ PASSAGE TO VALENTU BAY, AND TRIAL OP jlfe MACHINERT. '^he day of the departure of the ToIeffranK'' finno^,-,- f r, ^ was not a« auspicious as could hare been de^ K ^'*' the procession underwent a comnlete oh«it■ as weu as that which had not vet lw«.n used. The cable was p.-«sod round the sheave wheel, of tL „ • THE FIB8T ATLANTID EXPEDITION. 127 anchor having been fastened, was dropped into the water, but the weight was not heavy enough to produce the desired Tesult. Tho wheals of the ponderous machinery refused to move, and the anciior, after swinging to and fro from the stern for a few moments, dropped shiggislily into the water, but without efiect. The shafts Were oiled, and about forty men were put to woijt to pull the cable over the wheels by main strength, and pay it out"until such time as there should bo enough of it over the stern to bring the strain necessary to set them in motion, without the aid of any other force than that exercised by the weight and strain ef the oafcle itself. It was .a slow and tedious process, and to some who were impatient of delay, it was doubtless a most vexatious one. The first half hour passed, and still the men continued hauling it over the sheaves and j^Msing it overboard, without effecting the slightest change, but in less than five minutes the wheels began to move, slowly at first, and then tHthincreased speed, till the rate of paying out reached from two to three , jnilea jan hour. All this time there was no apparent tendency to kink, and. tlullce was jtow an opportunity after all the trouble, and all the pull- ing and (gagging, to test the machinery in a satisfactory manner. There was no oificulty about paying out, but there was one most essential point to be settled before its success could be finally established. It was necessary to try the action of the brakes, and to do that the cable would be most probably subjected to a strain which it might be found too weak to resist. It was, however, valueless for any other purpose, and so it mattered little what strain it might be subjected to. So the brakes were pat on, and the wheels over which it passed having been stopped in this way, it broke in a very few minutes. The object of the brakes, as has been explained, is to stop the cable when a kink takes place, or when any defect is discovered before it passes over the wheel, bo that it may be repaired before it descends into the water. A. second experiment was tried and with the same result, and a third en4ed in the sAme manner. The Niagara now proceeded on her way into Valeutia Bay, which is three or four miles from the entrance of Dinglo Bay. While on our passage in we had a magnificent view of this part of the coast, and a fine opportunity of judging of its scenery. The County of Kerry is one of the most southern counties of Ireland, and its whole lino of coast is remarkable for its rugged character, and for the deep indentations which the action of the sea, from age to age, has made upon it. Huge mountains rise up on almost every side, and gr^at masses of rook, in a thousand fantastic shapes, stand out miles from the land, terrible as those of whieh the Qreek mariners stood in such awe, and of w hio h anoh iAlfiOJil hprrcr have been handed down to us. Two J s^ 128 THE OCEAN TELEGRAPH. I St!, Ik m -J immense rocks, which look as if they had been flung from the huge mountai* that guards the left side of the entrance of Dingle Bay, stand there like grim and weather-beaten sentmels. On the .other side 18 a long mountain range, the face of which, looking seaward, is worn with deep fissures, while ita base is hollowed out at irregular intervals by caves, some of which extend, as we were told, several hundred feet into the very heart of the mountains. The bay is between two and three hundred fathoms deep, but it is so open to the sea, and the anchorage is so bad, that it is one of the worst p^s which a vessel could select in a storm. The waves break with terrible force on the rooks, throwing their spray far up the bleak mountain sides, and the wind sweeps with relentless fury on the ill-fated vessel that may be caught hero on a lee shore. But Valentia Bay is more protected, and although not safe in a storm, affords much better anchorage. The land . for miles into the interior i very rocky and barren, and affords a poor pasturage for the diminuti e but hardy race of cattle for which the • County of Kerry is famous. It is a difficult matter to distinguish the huts of the peasantry on the great hillsides; but here'and there can be seen the rums of churches, which were built by pious Christians of the fifth and sixth centuries, and whose walls have lon» sbce crumbled into decay. This Island of Valentia suffered fearfully during the famine in Ireland and hundreds died of starvation on the roadside or in the mis- erable dwellings, some of which still remain, and in which their bodies were found many weeks after their death, miburied. Within the last nlT^? "/"? *^' "'°^^*^°" '^ '^' P««P'« ^'^ considerably im- proved, but If what I saw is called improvement, they must have !r 7 '^*^'"t ,"***« ^fo'« «»« process of amelioration com- men^d. Some of them live at present by fishing, some by cultivating Uie ungrateful soil, and some by quarrying slate from the hillsides About thre^ mile, from the head of Valentia Bay is the village of Cahercveen, and at the same dUtance from where oar ship nowTes is Knightstown,asmalIviUage of one thousand inhabitants, called after ad^ates of the Atlantic Telegraph. Prom the deck of our ship we could ^e a small sandy cove, which was selected as the place for the landing of the shore end of the cable, and a hundred yards from which a temporary ^nt was erected for the batteries and other tele- graph mstrumenta In front of it wa. displayed an attempt at the star, and stripes but it was only an attempt, and it would require one of the most shroWd guessing Yankees that ever lived in or came out of Con- necticut t^ tell what it wa. intended for. It „ rfphrrd by ^ .H' ^ ■ll i ' i: Mi t ^1 ! !■ ri <. "''•»«r"wK*t,.j*i, , «■ ■ •.<^'kX ■ ^^^i f^\ »^-» I'm ll \' / » 'ill';' ■1" a 'ill. t|| '"in J '' 1 ''' ;', 1- ' '^^1 ; I 1, 'Si0$ ''I'liiii'ivii'' J ■^ ■ ■ *-r,?V^*, ■.■ : ■ ■i>':.>j.^,*-_: ^r. ♦f.-^..' i^*r** ■«v« *«> V % ^J THE FIRST AliANTIC KXPEDITIOK. 129 another, of a more unmistakable kind, however, and that ought to bo sufficient to satisfy the most exacting pntriot Although it was certain that we could not take the shore end of tlfe cable out, yet it was concluded to employ our spare time in trviug another exporiment with a part of the 1,250 mile« of the deep sea'line which made up our half of the Atlantic telegraph, and which Wifs free from defects. The Willing Mind, a steamer which came round from Cork an an additional tender to the Advice, took the end of this on boata, and securing it firmly, started off from the Niagara at a spt- ed of about four miles, an hour, and when about five or six hundred yards from her the brakes yfere put on. The little steamer tugged and pulled away, but the'wreels refused to turn while the brakes remained as they were, and after tugging and pulling for about five minutes the cable parted, having given way at last to a draggipg force equal to a -weight of three tons and a half. This was regarded as very satisfactory, but there is one thing ^vhich I think it proves— that the brakes could not be brought to bear upon the cable with such an immense mass is the Niagara hauling on it. The only plan was to let it run free, and if a kink should occur,, to take the chances rather than put on the brakes, which appeared to be certain destruction. We arrived and anchored in Valentia Bay on the evening of the 4th, but at too late an hour to commence operations other than described. The work of landing the shore part of the cable was deferred therefore until the following morning at eight o'<}lock. At the ap- pointed time every thing was prepared for the work, the Willing Mmd . came under our stem ready to tow the heavy shore line, and in addition to this there were some half dozen boats from the Susquehanna and Leo|Jard, with two or three from the Niagara, all prepared to assist in the work. The engineers, however, before beginning, at once deeided on testing both the shore cable and maohmery, and for that pBTiKWe got the WiUmg Mind to tow out some five or six hundred yards. This preliminary operation was attended with such success that it WM determined to commence work .without further delay. Two of • the laoDohesof the Ltopard and one from the Susquehanna were brought under ifae stem of the Niagara, and aliout a mile and three-quarters of ilw eable coiled upon them; then another mile o^- three-quarters was pot dn board the Willing Mind, and the whole four towed by the Ad- vice, went off in procession towards the point indicated as the landing place l^ the American flag, already alluded to. On the shore there were a^t two thousand persons, the whole population of the place, and JaggBJEontiibtttiona from-milcs aronndy wMtiag the r e from ae v eu in tiie — morning till seven in the evening for the arrival of the fleet of cable 9 . - !';!» • ^ "x^:-/:- Ir, If L J— 130 THE OCEAN TELEOSAPH. . boats, whose progress they had watched with so much anxiety and im- patience. It wJls fire o'clock when we started; . never before waa such a scene presented in Valentia Bay, and the poorest spectator there, though he could not tell what strange agency it was that lay In th{M: cable, understood what it was intended to efiFect, aod his face beamed with joy as he heard his comrade^ sjiy that it brought tl'om nearer to that great land that had so generously stretched out the helping hand to their starving countrymen, and that had given a, shelter and a home to those who had found neither the one nor the other in the land of tljeir- birth. It was a happy day for them, and when later in the evenbg that cable was landed, and it was proposed to give three cheers for America, there were none there who responded with more sincerity and honest enthusiasm than the poor peasantry. , It took about two hours to land the cable, put the shallowness of, the water prevented the A.d vice fiom running close to the shore. T&ej)a8- sengers, therefore, consisting of a number of friends pt "the enterprise, got into one of the small boats, and rowed in as fiear as they ooujd but still not near enough for us to get ashore without wettyig our feet We were wJt long left in doubt, however, as to what we should do, for we had hardly run our boat aground before there was a whole crowd of men in the water, regardless of wet clothes, proflFering their assistance, and oflFering as many backs as there were passengers in the boat. It was one of the incidents of the" great scene Which was being enacted, and occasioned considerable merriment among the bystanders. Here a little fellow presented himself to a gentleman of the most portly dimensions, and insisted upon hia ability to take him ashore. It was no use, however, for hf d he the strength of Atlas he could not have persuaded the passen- ger that he was able to carry him, and so he had to call another to his help, when both of them succeeded in landing him safely, to his great satisfaction and relief. These two performed the job so well, that the rest of the passengers at once entered into a contract with them, and were landed high and dry upon the beach. About half an hour after we got ashore the staiall fleet <^ cable boats were observed rapidly approadi- ing, headed by one bearing the united unions of Englandjuid the States —that is, the Union Jack and the Stars alone on a b)drground, while the words "Atlantic Telegraph " wete inscribed upon it in large letters. Among those on shore were the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, (L'"r«r«r"ff'(« M^s^^-f^y, it?^ THE FIRST ATLANTIC KXl'tDlTIoN. 131 Field lb there beside Lord >Morpeth. or, as he is now called, Lord^ Carhsle, and as Captain Pennock .-omes up iu advance of his men with the cable he intro(|u<;ea him. There is' no' time lor the passage of formalities, and the introduction and them -iiig are therefore free from ■>v*' "I am most happy to 8C& you, Captain," sajs Lord Morpeth; and the Captain most appropriately replies ; ' " This, sir, is the betrothal orEnglaiid and America , and I hope in twenty days the marriage will be'conaUmmated."- The crowd now press around, all eagerness to help in pulling up the cable, and when the work is through, thoso who have been fortunate ei^ough to put their hands to it show the marks of the tar to those who have failed in the attempt, as a proof of their success. By dint of pull- ^ing and hauling, they get it into the trench in which it is to be laid, and take up the end to the top of a little hill, where they secure it by rolling it around a number of strong stakes driven fast into the earth, and placed in the form of a circle. This is the centre of the site marked out for a house, in which the batteries and instruments are to ,,be placed, and which was used as a temporary station till a better and ' more substantial one could bo erepted. When the cable was placed here, and the enthusiasm of the people had" somewhat subsided, the rector of the parish ttiade an appropriate prayer. . . ■ At the close of the prayer, Lord Carlisle addressed the people as follows : "My American, Irish, an(^ English friends, I feel at such a moment as this that no language can, be becoming, except that of prayer and praise. H*rever, it is always allowable to any human lips, though ' they hare not been specially qualified for the office, to raise the ascrip- tion of ' Glory to God on earth, peace, good-will; to men ' That, I be- lieve, ia^e spirit in which this great work has been undertaken ; and it is this reflection which ovcdbti^ges nie to feel the strongest hopes of its final suocesB. (Hear, bear ) T believe the great undertaking, now 80 happily begun, will accomplish many gr?;at and noble purposes of trade, of national policy, and of empire ; but there is only one view in which J will now present it to those whom I have the pleasure to address. You al-e aware — you must know, some of y6u, from your own experience, that many of your dear friends and only relations have left their native land^tojrcceive hospitable shelter in America. (Applause.) Well, then, I don't expect you can all understand the wondrous mechan- ism by which this great undertaking is to be carried on, but this I think yoa will all o f you . nnd e rgtaod r^^^f ymt wish to communi cat e Bomff^>iee«= of intelligence straightway to your relations across the wide world of -i:'. 'm ..% iH-i^ ■S- -.-M^. 132 THB OOEAIT TEXEOBAFH. waters — if you wish to tell those whom you .^ow it would interest in their heart of hearts,, of a marriage, a birth, or a death among you, this little cord which wo have piled up on the shore will impart those tidings quicker than the flash of the lightnings. (Applause.) Let us now hope, let us now pray, that the hopes of those who have set in operation this great design may be rewarded by its entire success, and let .us hope further that this Atlantic cable will, in all future time, serve as an em- blem of that strong cord of love which, I trust, will always unite the British Islands and the gr^at continent of America, and join with me in my fervent wish that the great Giver of all good, who has enabled all his servants to discern so much of the workings of those mighty laws by which he governs the universe, will further this wonderful work, and will further so bless its operation, as to make it serve the high purposes of the good of man and his own great glory. (Hear, hear.) And now, my friends, as there can be no project or undertaking which ought not to receive the approbation and applause of the people, let all join with me in giving three hearty cheers." Three cheers were given with a will ; but it was not enough, and thfey cheered and cheered until they were obliged to give up from ex- haustion. <' Three cheers," said Lord Carlisle, « are not enough— they are what they give on common occasions. Now, for the success of the Atlantic cable, I must have at least one dozen." The crowd re- sponded with the full number, aqd then cheered the followi^ : " The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland." " The United States of America." ■ " Mr. Cyrus W. Field." . ' - Mr. Field, in reply, spoke as follows: "Ladies and gentlemett— words cannot express- to you the feelings within this heart. It beats with affection towards every man, woman and child that hears me; and if ever on the other side of the water one of you present yourselves at my door, and say you had a hand in this, I promise you a true Amer- ican welcome. (Cheers.) ' What God hath joined together let no man put asunder.' " (Cheers.) And more cheers were given for the foUow^'ng : ' " For the sailors." " " For Yankee Doodle." '"For the officers and sailors on bo^ the ships that ar« intended to lay the cable." "The Queen." " The President of the United States." " The American Navy." Oapt«u Wawwright, of the Le^ardi^Btafreriiii fl5nirOT~Bre"^ .1 i-«i ^^i f ■*rSijj| i •I f^^:' THE FIE8T ATLANTIC EXPEDinON. 188 ftai^t the officers of the aqaadron, and said' that there vaa not a man who ^old not be ready to make almost any sacrifice to promote the ' gaccesa of this undertaking. ,,■■'' This closed the great oieremony of landing the firit Atlantic anbma- rihe cable, and if we had been as tncoessfnl in taking it ashore at New- foundland, we certainly would hare had reason for congratulation and rejoicing. On our return to the wardro^ of the Ni&gara, we had a pleasant sooial ^theriilg of all the officers, at which Lieut. Boyd brought out an immense cake, with which we oelebr&ted the event THE LAYING OP THE CABLE FROM VALENTU BIT. * THB rlBST DAT— ArOrBT 6. The landing of the shore cable in Doulos Bay was succesiBfully ao- oomplished, as has been stated, on the evening of the 6th of August, a day which will be ever memorable in the minds of all who were present on the occasion. To the people of that part of Ireland it was an event of the most absorbing interest; and although there were many there to whom the scientific character of the work was an inexplicable mystery, it was, as we have said, enough for them to know that it brpught them nearer to that great nation where myriads of thei^ countrymen had found a homo, and where by honest industry they wer^^ enabled to obtain an in- dependent livelihood. Never before had such a mass of people assembled on the shores of that bay, and never did people regard any spectacle with deeper interest. They came from miles around — from their huts on the steep hill sides and the dark mountain passes, from the storied scenes of Killarney in the interior, and the bleak-iron bound coast for which the south as well as the north of Ireland is so celebrated. It was a great day for all — ^from the Lord Lieutenant down to the poorest man who quarried slate for eight pence or a shilling a day, on the side of the Ull that overlooks the harbor of Valentia. From seven in the morning till seven in the evening they awaited with impatient eagerness the land- ing of the cable; and when the boats which bore it to the beach were within a hundred feet of the place (^psignated, they could mih difficulty be restrained by the police from rushing into the water and pulling it ashore. People may talk about the popular enthusiasm which is manifested at coronations, the visits of monarchs, and all that, but he must indeed have been a great monarch who was received with such heartfelt welcome as the crowd gave to that electric chain. The mo- ment the cable boats touched the shQre, the people, animated by one im- pulse, ran forward, and the gnardifm'of the public peace, unable to restrain their eagerness, were swept aside by the rush. A hundred ~ hands seised the cable, and running up the ele^ted^g^ttncT which flronts ■'■i'w*-^'*' — pSTWJffMr*-*™ *^'»^ -vic^tf. .%A'i, ulsix^. **' t f 6 ^-H / [i ■ II ; 134 tub/ OCEAN TKLEOKAPH. the bay, landed it about fifty feet above the water mark. Then followed the .cene which has been already described, a scene of the wildest en- thusiasm, ui which the nan.e of An.erica was hailed with cheers that made the mountains ring. They never tired of cheering, and the man who proposed " three more for Yankee Doodle," when each voice wa, hoarse from the extraordinary duty it was calkd upon to perform, was answered with a deafening hurrah, that was repeated again and again, till the crowd could almost cheer no more from sheer exhaustion That night there was a grand ball at the little village of Knights- town, and the day dawn caught the merry-makers still engaged in their f.".t,vitie8. A bolifire of peat, piled up as high as agood-sfzed two-story house sent Us r,ddy and cheerful light fur out into the durknei bnghtening up the black crevioes in the frowning rocks, and throwing a glow on the faces of the light-hearted peasantry that gathered around it ma huge circle. There was a fiddler among them, and though his music wasnotquit^ so scientific as Paganini's, and he would occasionaUy throw .n a few dubious notes of his own by way of improvement on the composer, ypt to that crowd it was as acceptable a« the best that culti- Tand "^r\T'^ '''''''"'' '"'' ever applauded by kid-gloved hands at the Academy of Music. " The wee sma' hours ayont the twal were fast passing away when they dispersed to their several battle with the daylight before it was subdued. The bright red glow toiiched, became paler and paler, till it was lost ip the still brightef hght of day and before night, there was nothing left but a mound of white smouldering ashes, beneath which the fire gradually expted The following morning, about four o'clock, the author was maZ t way m a small bojt from the Niagara up to the scene of th; festi 'tt^ of the evening before, with his laat letter for friends at hom« ulT onndtHe little village of Knightstownsoundllf^^^^^^^^^^^ of the ,nn, which m this part of the country rises Into the dignity^ a ^l:Z>r^'^ " '-'' ^'^'' ^"^— * travStuld , object 7th^KL?r- 'r '"* ^"^ ^'''' ''''''^' -■«*'^« *^« ODject of the Jriflit, that the innkeeper was also the postmaster of the ^^d f^lT TT''' ^" ""^"^^ *" ^ «*"^«'^''* P'^t 0"t by being ZTit It 1 -f "^i^" ** '""'^ *° "^'^y ^°" ; but when he eam^ «d 1 W. ^Z ^''"^ *^' ^''^' ^' ^^' '"^ *brown wide 2n ?hH IZIt ''*^^8*«««-^ t^e postage stamps, were dro^ Jb^ou^htleerevic e jn t h e ^b^^ ^ t ha t ^ l ik t.^dJL^-^ "^ r- THB FIB8T ATLANTIC EXPEDITION. 136 front of the Knightstown Hotel. Feeling considerably rclievA tho writer returned to the Niagara, which was to have started at five o clock that morning, and which, when he had cleared the harbor of Valentia, he saw standing out to sea at the rate of two miles an hout, with her bow turned westward. The cable was over her stem, and the process of paying out appeared to be progressing with perfect success ; when she commenced suddenly blowing off steam, and her stoppage soon after gave evidence that there was something wrong on board. In a few minutes more the cause was explained. In paying out, the cable slipped off tho wheel, through the want of proper caution on the part of one of the men who had charge of it at thiB poin|||was caught between the wheel and the journal, and became wedged so tight that it was Impossible to extricate it in time. The motion of the vessel was arrested in a few moments, but it was too late ; the strain was more than the cable, strong aa it was, could bear, and in less than five minutes from the time it was caught in the machinery it parted in the wal^r, leaving the loose part swinging over the stern. As may well be supposed, this was a most trying time ; but as every hour lost only made the difficulty worse, preparations were immediately made for the recovery of the broken end, which by on the bottom at a depth of between thirty and forty fathoms, and at a distance of about four miles from the point where it had been landed the evening before amid such enthusiastic rejoicings. Mr. Woodhouso, Mr; Canning, and Cap- tain Kell, started off the Niagara; and by the aid of two paddle-box boats from the Leopard, one from the Susquehanna, and the little '«tcam- tug the Willing Mind, they accomplished the tedious and difficult task of under-running the cable from the shore to the place where it had parted, and where they took up the enij for the purpose of making a splice. Unfortunately the roughness of the sea prevented this, and after several ineffectual attempts they wei» obliged to give it up till the fol- lowbg day, when it was hoped the elements would prove more favorable. Accordingly our ship's head was turned once more towards Valentia, and in less than an hour she was anchored In the bay. That night it was arranged that the cable should be again" underrun from the shore, and spliced under the shelter of the headland which protects the entrance on the left of the bay. ^his was to be done as early as possible on the following morning. ^ Up to this time we had mot with nothing but reverses, and the prospeot, to say the least of it, di|J,Jiot appear very promisbg. We had lost a day by this aocident, apd any furtAr delays might cause the postponement oif the enterprise till the following year. All felt, there- =^^fore, iJiat not sa hour eotfl^be spared, and thafrwerjrSBBufce shodd be^ V- I I* -\ 136 THK f>CEAN TKLKOBAPH. ' r "': carefll^y economi.ed if we expected to succeed at all. There were n.a.y anx,ou3 „,inds on board, the Niagara that night, and r„ya„ ^qu..ng ook wa. taken at the barometer, which had shown sZ^iZ ^t.o„s of an unfavorable change ii, the weather; but about 12 o'cloel the wind moderated and the barometer again rose . nletc^l!f ?'•"".!!'" "^ '" '^"" ""'^ ^''^ '^' «'<'«»"° ^^""^"tion oom- ^ ™S it 7 *?'* *'"' '^™'^ "'^^^'^ "^"^ » few messages were trans- , m.tted through the cable. The test, so far as the continuity Zl . concerned, was a. perfect as could be desired, but it must l>oZrZ that the current d.d not pass through the whole wir., but only thrx,„gh and t:2t rV"*f f'^ -^""-''""S '' *^« -^» of *fae «hore cable and he spar-deck co.l of tlte deep sea line. It is proper to state here that the pa^g out of the shore cable, which is an inch and a-hatfl diameter, and weighs about eight tons to the mile, was a rather dSt oporauon. and attended with considerable risk. While the deep «ea i^for'nr„n " """ °*^"'"'' ""^ ^''^ ^'^ ^^ ''»-»' ^^e outer cover pos^ibe at the same tune to have the additional ^ivanta^e of „eat run clear mto the sheaves, but w«. constantlT bulging mt somswhere onTof .. from runmng off altogether. It was through the neglect of one of these, as haa been stated, that it reaUy did run off and lat k see the last yard of it overboard and the process of pavinir out thT^^Z TJ^iTzrii' ,? °°°''""''*"°' "■ p^wC..:^'.^- wouid be Uttle or no difficulty experienced in its manipulation • that on this account partioukrly there would be no danger of iteCL off Z Bheav. and thouybt that the power of the brSL c uldT J ^u SLdown"we''^"*t^"^'*"^"P«"^*- HadweitT^ !^2 ^^,' 7 ''" *^"*^'"* *'"*' ^ ^'^""d with fiiir weather Z would be able to nay out our twelve hund«^ and fifty nulee ZZ^y The Second Day— Augwt 7. ^ ,,j Thirwaa k reality the third day on which the work of lavinir th« «ble WM oontinu^i but as the mere lading of the sho« J^r^L ofU d not fairly be entered to the account of paying it out, it ^^Z^ ^ r V.J THB F-IEST ATLANTIO KXPEDITION. 187 r perly be called the second. It is, thoroforo, in tLw order that it ia recorded, and it is for this reasou that tho mere proooss of landing is not included in the regular minutes of tho expedition, which may bo said to have commenced only when the ship herself was under way and paying out the cable over her stem. After all, however, tliin may bo regarded as an immaterial point, although it may be well to state it in this con- nection, if for nothing else than the sake of accuracy. The work was commenced about half-past five o'clock in the morn- ing, when the Willing Mind, which played such a conspicuous part in nearly all the preliminary operations in and about this place, proceeded, with a number of workmen on board, to the buoy which marked the spot where the cable lay. She was accompanied by two boats from the Leopard and Susquehanna, each of whioh had a strong force to assist when- ever they might be required. For three or four hours, during which they worked with might and main, they endeavored to raise it, but finding it impossible to accomplish their purpose within any reasonable time, they concluded to nnderrun it «Me more from the shore. About an hour waa- taken to do this, and the only Ving~\hat now remained to be done was to splice the end on board the Niagara with that which had been recov- ered. The Willing Mind started once more for our ship, 4«king one end with her to the Inwts of the Susquehanna and Leopard, which were lying under the lee of the land, and where the work of splicing could be car-., ried on with less risk and greater despatch. We could see them from the deck of the Niagara working hard and fast, and daring the two or three hours they were employed in this way they ymte objects of the most eager curiosity. The splicers were surrounded by a portion of the crew of both boats, tod were almost concealed from our view^ so that we had no chance of seemg what was going on. At last, afler three dl what appeared the longest hours, the Willing Mind and the other boats parted company, the latter returning to their separate ships. Thifl waa proof positive that the cable had not only been spliced, but that the spliced portion had been laidT By seven o'clock the anchor wfis up, and ; we were once more tinder way, paying oat as if nothing had occurred to intermpt our progress. For the first five or ten minutes tho machinery did not ran as well as ooold be wished, and a thumping sound, tlla£ ex- cited the most unpleasant sensation, was made by its passage over this wheels. But the ear soon became accustomed to this, and so long as it passed safely into the water every one was satisfied. The coil from whioh it was paid oat waa in the forepart of the ship, within a few feet of the forecastle, and as the distance from that to the stem ^as nearly her whole length, a namber of men were stationed at intervals, like sen- tinelfl^ iifltw^ e n- the two pointSy to aeo ra>t^«Twy foot of it r«aobe A ^ it»^ h y" '•'sij^'ttir ■^ w .^^ ^t f'^i/^l'li ■■'. 'i If .;!;: fii fc>' ''^^^^/w.^-^^ ■?' .'<>5^ .^ 138 THE OO&AS TELBOBAPH. destination in safety. Every thing that could be done was done to give it a safe and easy passage, but it stUl continued to thump away at the machinery, and before the last part of it left the ship, it created such an excitement on board that all we had previously gone through in that line seemed trifling in comparison. The part where the shore cable is joined to the deep sea line gave way as it was passing over one of the wheels, and in a minute more the broken portion would have been out over the stem, and lost beyond all hope of recovery, at least in time to permit of the seasonable prosecution of the work that year: ' . ^his was the most critical moment of the enterprise. The provision which was made for such an emergency saved it, and the admirable management of the ship, by which the strain was taken off it during the process of splicing, is worthy of all praise. The captain had ordered a strong hawser, of sufficient length, to be placed near the stern of the vessel, where it could be used at any moment, and then awaited with no small degree of anxiety the time when it should be announced that they were ready to pay out that portion where the two cables were joined. At last It was reached, and the speed of the vessel having been reduced to a fraction of a mile, so that she could only be said to be moving through the water, it was passed through the hands of the mep as care- fully as if It were the most tender fabric in the world, and had just gone over one of the wheels, when it was observed giving way at the joint The men m charge were at once on the alert, and in a moment had it ftrftly secured to the hawser. Mr. Everett, the chief engineer of the ship, seemed ubiquitous, and rendered most efficient service at this part of the enterprise. With a coolness and self-possession desemng of all pra.se, ho observed every thing that was going on around him, and was ready for every emergency. His conduct on thia occasion pointed him out as the proper man to. take charge of the cable on the next expedi- tion^ and Mi-. Field never showed his foresight and judgment to better advantage than when he mentioned Mr. Everett to the Telegraph Com- pany as the engineer who should construct the paying-out machinery The accident occurred at half-past eleven, and the ship was about seven mJes from the point from which she started that afternoon. The other vessels of course could not have been aware of its^xaot nature but they must have known from the stoppage of the ship that there was somethmg wrong. Whatever may have been their anxiety during the kng and weary hour and « half which it t6ok to renew the splice, it cer- tainly did not exceed what we felt during that time. Not a word was spoken except by thosein command, v»d the orders were promptly and quietly obeyed Those who could take no active part in the work, looked on with something 6( the feeling with which . man .wit, tt.o r^ffult of iV /; 'I'kyA-.l -Mit' ■ f I THE FIBflT ATI,ANno EXPEBITION. , 139 a chance on which his very life may depend. Many an inquiring look was directed to that portion of the cable that hung over the stern, and at the men who were employed at the work of spliciag. It^seemed as if it would never be finiahed, although the joiners went at it with a will, knowing how much depended on th^eir expedition, and performed it in half the time that would be given to it under other circumstances. The, hemp serving and gutta percha insulation were cut off, leaving-both ends of the copper wire or conductor perfectly bare. This was done in almost^ less time than it takes to relate the circumstance. The two conductors were then laid together, bound up with a single wire, and the whole sol- ^ dered together. After this the gutta percha was placed over the con- ductor in a perfectly plastic state, and the insulation having been thus effected, the hempen strands were served upon it, the iron protecting wire or external armor placed over that again, and the whole securely bound with strong hemp. Having been spliced in this way, it was low- ered down cautiously over the stern by the same hawser, so that there was little or no strain brought upon it, and in less than half an hour more the ship was on her course, going at a rate of from two to three miles an hour. Many an impalient look is directed toward the splicer, but he performs his duty well ; he is working with all possible dispatch, and although we wish he were quicker, he is doing all a man can do ; if the cable be lost, it will certainly bo through na fault of his. In the midst of the subdued excitement — for as I have said, no one attempted to speak but in whispers, except those in coramandrr-we could not but think, when we looked out upon the calm sea as it sparkled under the bright light of the full moon, with a feeling of gratitude upon the aus- picious weather with which our enterprise had been blessed thus far. Never was a vessel more favored than ours, and if we are only permitted to lay this cable, what a time of rejoicing we will have when we get back to New York. It is almost too much to hope, and as we think what we havf yet to go through, our sensations become painful in the ex- ttome. Let us, when we return to the Empire City, be able to tell our friends that the cable is laid, and the United States, big as they are, will not be able to hold us. Let us lay this cable sticcessfully and we will — but it is useless say- ing what we will do. After all our anxiety, after all the excitement, it may be that we are not destined to accomplish our groat work this time, but oar hopes are strong, and I know that there is not a man on board, from the captain to the humblest hand, that is not wrapt up heart and soul in the enterpr ise. So st ro ng is the fee ling, that I believe there ' 4 ^ I would be less exoitemeni among them at tlie cry of "^man overboard" - \ ■^ X '^ ■ft; THE QCKA» TELBGEAPH. ./than there would atfthe announcement that the cable had parted, per- hapa It 18 because they think the man might be picked up, but that the cable never could. ' The cable meantime baa been paid out, and in less than an hour we are at least two mUes off from where the splice, which had put every one into such a terrible state of anxiety, is lying safely upon its ocean bed. • We are glad to get rid of it, for it was one of the worst customers with which we had yet to deal, and eviry bodv congratulates every body else that It IS safely overboard. . « I tell you\hat," says one of the quarter- masters two or three hours after; " I teU you what, that was a hard' tug, and I hope we won't soon have such another "—a hope in which It IS almost needless to say every one who heard him.joined. The next point of interest now is the telegraph office, the door of which ,s beset with eager inquirers, all desirous of knowing how the cable works, and a considerable number of these with messages for friends not only in Valentia, Liverpool and London, but avay off in the United States. Amo^g these was the writer, who took advantage of the first opportunity to transmit the following despatch to the New York Herald, and which he feels considerable pri^e in being abk to «ty was the first sent to any newspaper over the Atlantic Telegraph, or that portion of it which waylaid. And here it is- ' g'^^P"' " Unitkd Statks Prigatb Niaoara. ) At Bea, off the Coast of Ireland, August tt- To Jajies GoUivoK nE.yNwr, Y^., New York HnM Office. The cable is being paid out over the stern in capital style and th^ Bhip ,s going at the rate of two miles an hour WeXvo W ^^\A n ! the w^fth mile «ost suceesafully. and are ^tting on admiJabir^ T^^^^ SL r^ *^° Niagara, and sanguine as to Sio result of thTexne dition We can see tfe Ughts of the other steamers as they hover around J5 :^t^c^r "'"* "^^""^ -^"'^^^ ^'^^^ »-' feeirsrh^ow ValJn'lu Ba"^'"^ ^'^^^^ ""^ ""''"""^ ^'""^ *^^ *'''«'''P^ ''^'^ "^^ To which the following reply was received : i ' THE FmST ATLANnO EXPEDITION. 141 The messages that were sent by the officers to their friends and relatives in different parts of the United States would fill nearly a Tolnme, and the operatives were kept busy at the instrument the whole time. TTiird Day— August 8. Since the Niagara left New York, she was not and could not have been favored i^ fairer weather than she had to-day. The sun rose in aa alnwjgifcdless sky, and the wind was so light that it hardly raised ' * "PriMJ^ft. water. The rest of the telegraph squadron had spread a parl^^Miff canvas in the hope of being able to save their coal ; but they made nothing by it, and were obliged to furl their sails which were hanging loosely from the yards. Even the light ensigns hung from the peaks in folds, and there was hardly strength enough in the breeze to shako out the still lighter streamers that floated from the main. We heard the bells of the Susquehanna as she stood off about half a mile on our starboard quarter, and, were it necessary, could have hailed her at that distance without any great straining of lungs. The Leopard was taking it easy away off four or five hundred yards on the port side, and the Agamemnon, with her massive and warlike-looking hull, "although a mile and a half away, loeifued up as visibly as if she were not more than one-third that distance off. The Cyclops amused herself running ahead of the rest of the squadron, as if on the look-out for something which she never succeeded in finding. She had a jolly, rollicking way of her own, that contrasted strongly with the rolling gait of the bluff Aga- memnon and the dashing style of the Leopard, which pitched into every sea, no matter how small, as if it had some insidious designs upon her, throwing it from her in showers of spray. The Susquehanna took it quietly enough, and seemed as perfectly satisfied at going two miles an hoar as if she had been going a dozen in the same time. About twenty miles astern of the squadron the Skelligs, two high rocks that stand out from the ^nain land like gigantio outposts, were distinctly visible, and although the little light-house at the entrance to Yalentia harbor had Bonk below the horisoa some hours before, we conld still tell its position by the high landmarks by which it was sarrouuded. There were the Blasketts, an island mountain, and one of the first of the many high- laads whioh the mariner sees on this part of the Irish coaijt before he enters Dingle bay; and those low, half-sunken, treacherous-looking rooks, with whioh the wavot are at perpetual war, are the Foze, and are the dread of all the shipmasters who trade about this part of the island. A wa y off b e yond 4 hftge«e and the B huketts, amwag ^ thoa» ^tigMmHk-^ -1. I of the ooimty Kerry, is aome of the most magnificent scenery that ever T — H" -^t i^\ . yi^ii^*^}..^^'^ ■r;i ■ "'fa f ;!■ * 1" -w, / ■ 1^2 ^ XHE OCEAN TBLBORAPH. delighted the eyes of a traveUer ; and, aa those highlands si J|^ad- ^ ually belpw the horizon, the valleys darken with the evening shallows and the mountain peaks, suffused with the red glow of the descending Bun, look more like the creations of dreamland than a livbg, actual reality. It is Captain Pennock's watch to-day, although Captain Hudson may b^ said to be always on, with the exception of the few hours which • he gives to rest. The Captain's first question is in regard to the cable. as it is in fact the first with almost every one when they haTe got- the sleep out of their eyes. V " What is the rate at which the cable is being paid out ? " h6 in- quires, addressing Mr. Fugitt, the sailmaker, who is one of the guardians ■ of the coils. , " Three miles, sir," is the response. This is fiot so fast as hiid been " expected, but it^is doing very well for the present, although the inten- tion 28 to do mu^ better before a hundred miles of the cable shall have been passed over the stern. . A visit to the coil p^ves that the report of Mr. Fugitt IS correct, and also proves another thing, that whatever fears might ha^ beeu felt in regard to kinks, or any thing of that kind are entirely ^undless. Nothing could be more gratifying than the way in which it comes up out of the coil-so flexible, and yet possessinit so much strength. There is no trouble whatever with il^no twistinir mto knots nor entangling of the flakes^but the whole procfess of uncoU- ipg goes on without the slightest difficulty. The men who stand around the circle looking out for accidents have an easy time of it, and might be in New York or Liverpool, or away in the Punjaub, for all their • services are requirfed That cable couldn't kink if it tried- and so . long as it passes out of the ship safely, and is deposited securely on th« bottom, It may twist as much as it pleases. The iron wires which form the outer covering or protection may become so corroded with the action of the salt water as to afford it" no longer any protection; but whUe the msulation remaim. intact, the essentul part of the cable requires no other protection than that given it by th« gutta peroha. It has been urged, M an argument in favor of the success of the AtUntio telegraph, that the iron wire, in fhe process of decomposition to which it would be sub- jected after its submersion, would enter into oombination with the cal- Mreous substances, which, as has been shown by the soondinga of Lieut. Berryman and Capt Dayman, form a part of the deposit of the bed of the ocean. Once the cable is down, however, and down seeurelj, who cares whether it does or not, or whether there ia nofc » particle of the protecting wire left ? ; The first ooU wiU be >U mn out fae *in»Jgaom)w (gai>dig) i __ 'mr-wrf, ■:m ■ ■J >• It THE FIRST ATLAHTig EXPEDITION. 143 morning,. and then what a time there will be in passing the second splic- mg safely out of the ship, and how we ahall rcgoice at having even one-tenth part of our half laid ! Various speculationa are afloat as to the length submerged and the distance run ; and when it is announced from some quartc^r or another that the twenty-five hundred miles aboard both ships will fall short before the Agamemnon reaches tlic Newfound- land terminus, a rattier uucasy feeling takes possession of some, although the engineers express' their confidence that two or three days' reckoning . will show there is not only enough, hat plenty to spare. The only thing that remained now to be done was to get rid of the cable as fast as we could, for although we might have been satisfied with thr<'e miles when we started, now that we had attained that, we would not be content till we reached four or five. The only objection to this was tjiat it might bring too great a strain upon it,.and that in our impatience to get^hrough een expended^. and that if they continue at this rate they will have sufficient with 'which to lay a si^b- marine telegraph line from (Jape B^oe, Newfoundland, to Cape^Kot^, . the mpt northern part of Cape Breton. But all this is prema- ture. When we reach mid-ocean, if ever we succeed in getting so^Jkr, -» we will be better able to tell. -^ * This day closed with fine wetter, and a promise of its confinuanoe. 'Tin the evening, about seven or eight o'clock, tBe remarkable color of the sea attracted general attention. But only a few h^urs previous it , had a deep blue, but it was now a v6ry'}ight pea green, and, looking closely at Uie surface, we discovered that it was strewed with dead me- dtisn. For miles and miles we passed through these, and would doubtless have continued to see them had we npt been prevented by the darkness of night. Another visit to tbe ooil aqd the telegraph office befoier going to bed, satisfied its that the cable was going out in fine style, and th&t the continuity was perfect. That word " continuity " had become quite a pet op board ; and if any thing went wrong ;with the cable, the first <^MA«tinn WM al^rfcja tf unrny in rogftfd to ita nnfftfr. ^ tHfl Hfllt M ttt •^ ;» -^* ■:':^t^y:'mili'mf.;f-mi.x.i^iiu^a^ »U- ■r - •'%f^»ii^ lA; it"? -W^ 144 THE <)OEAir TBLEOfiAFH. 'A' ■ 0?i : . II ^^'' l« i the cont^fy being aU right Once at ease on both these points ermj one slepfSnore soundly, but the moment the sUghtest breach was/ whis- pered of any thing wrong with either, the greatest anxiety was manifest- ed tiU the cheering intelligenee was given that the work waa going on Buocessfally If the " old coffee-miH " stopped for a minute/aU hands in the cabin and wardroom were on deck to know the cause of it, and did not go below again till it west on as before. The " coffee- mill " was the name giyen to the paying-out machine, from the peculiar noise made by the wheels, and which bore somewhat of a resembhince to that which would be produced by a mill for grmding coffee. The sound became as £uniliar to us as that of our own roioes, and so long as we heard it, we knew that erery thing was safe— that is, that the cable, which was every thing to as, was going out without difficulty. The first thing we heard m the mombg was the paying-out machme grinding away above our heads, and although it made what some might con- sider a disagreeable racket, to us it was more pleasing than the best op- era ever produced by ItaUan, German, or any other oompoeer. This night, particularly, it seems more noisy than ever, but instead of interfer- ing with our rest, it will only make ns sleep the sounder. Fourth Dajf— August 9. . The now familiar sound of the paying-out machine, which never ceases except when there is somethbg wrong^th the cable, kept on through the whole night without interruption%nd was the first thing that greeted our waking senses. We were domg wonders, and so long as the brakes were not applied, the machine showed no sign of halting in its work. At our mess table it was the principal subject of conversa- tion, and all were of the opinion that the Uyitog of a cable across the .V Atlantic was not only feasible, but. that it would be accomplished in^ this present month of August, and by the ships Niagara and Agamem- . non. There were some, it is true, who thought that there might be a difficulty when we came to the great depths, and thkt the increased weight and strain which would then be brought upon the cable, with the pitchinjf and roUmg of the ship in a heavy sea, might be more thafl it could bear; but afler aU, there was little danger to bo apprehended from this, if the brakes were not put on, for it was observed that when they were employed for the purpose of cheeking its speed, they veiy fre- quently stopped the wheels from tumbg, and brought upon it the strain produced by the speed of the vessel-* strain which would part the strongest cable ever made, as it parted the shore cable but a few days ago, and only a short time after we got out of Doulus Bay. • Those __ ^''^*^ JgJ^!?J!^the^j thi ng s < ^ ^^ h j fe to 4m4f ^>a4^ft<»^^ HA.... ^p§^f- TIjTE 7IB8T ATLANTIO KXPEDmON. 145 . were once overboard, there is no difficulty, bo far aa our experience has yet proved, in the way of the succesaful accomplishment of this enter- prise. We areHn high hamor at the progress we have filready made, as well as the fine weather we have had, and being on Uie second coil of the deep sea line whip& was put on the berth deck, are now looking forward to the time whea we shall get rid of that too. The coil which had been formed on the spar deck, an(]/the last mile of which wa«i paid out at a qoarte^ to 8 o'clock this m<^ing, contained one hundred and thirty milefli which, with the ten miles vf heavy shore cable, made one hundred and forty, or about on%-ninth of the whole amovnt od board. It was ' known last evening that if jio accident occurre I, we would reach the foremain deck coil some time this morning ; and as the critical moment arrived, all who could were up on deck to see the splice by which the two were connected go over the stern. This moment was looked forward to with considerable interest and anxiety. It was thooght that the strain produced by the machinery on the joint, which is certainly not so strong as the oUier part£ of the cable, would b? too much for it, and that it would give on being paid out. Every precaution was therefore taken to prevent such an occurrence. The speed of the ship was reduced to a mile an hour, and the spliced portion lowered gently from the sterA. About thirty men were stationed about the coil and'&t the machinery, w^iile a doien stood near the stem, ^U ready for any emergency that might arise. Standing by the circle from which the cable was notv going up with greatly diminished [?peed, we watched flake aftei fl^ and * torn »fter turn as it was unwound from about the cone, pntil the last tum-T-the spliced part — was reached, and following it up to the machin- '^ ery, saw it pass safely over the five wheels. and down into the water. In a half hour more all danger was oyer ; a fSw more revolutions were given to the propeller, and we were soon going at the rate of ihree miles an hour towards Trinity Bay, Newfoundland. This speed was increas- ed to three and a half, and before night wo were gobg at the rate of five, " the highest we had reached yet The rest of the squadron were some- what astonished, for having graduated their speed by what we had been ronning, ihej began to fall astern very rapidly for two or three hours. They soon found out the cause, howevfer, and putting on a little more steam, took their former position, ^he ease^ with which the cable was paid out at this rate convmcefl all of the practicabil- ity of continuing it with perfect success, and witb saoh favorable weadier as had attended the enterprise up to this time,/ of laying the cable inside of mxteen days. All that was necessary was to look ont for the splices, to reduce the bpeed at the proper time, and 1 I H 10 , / 146 THE OCEAN TKLEOBAPH. *., i^: especially to avoid the use of the brakes except when imperatively ne^. cessary. The accumulation of tar in the grooves or sheaves it wa* feared might have a tendency to throw the cable off the wheels, but as It was brushed away again by the cable abnost as quick as It gathered, uttlo, attention was paid to it. ^ In the early part of the day divine service was celebrated, the cap- tain performing the duties of chaplain. Thert, was not, however, any mterruption in the work; the men were at their stations as usual, and mingled with the captain's voice was the din of the machinery. At the close the prayer for tho success of the expedition, which was read at the celebration of the h.ftding of the cable, was repeated, and the feTtTnit"'"'" ^"""''"^' "^"'"^ ^""^ ^"^^ ""^ ^°*'''«* "^«^y ""^^ The greatest depth over which we had passed was four hundred -. fs^thoms but to-morrow we expect to be paying the cable out into two housand fathoms «,f water, or somewhat over two miles. This will ■ test the practicabilityXUying it in great depths, and settle forever one of the most serious questions to which this enterprise has g?ven ■ rm I, IS supposed by some, in opposition to the " telegraph plateau " theory of Lieut Maury, that th^ bottom of the ocean, instead of being of one nniform level between Ireland anjl Newfoundland, has the sam! depressions arid heights, the same abi^pt declivities ^nd mounS ranges, which are to be found upon the silrfaoe of tbe earth' The soundings of Lieut. Berryman, of the United States navy, and Commander Dayman of the British navy, have proved the exis J^ of this plateau^ but stdl it i« urged that, as these soundings were taken at mtervals o thirty, forty or fifty miles, it is impossible S tell th7exa^ than a speculative opmion in regard to the subject. The laying there- fore, of this cable will do much towards putting an end to'al''doub" letreiri ^"^■'*''^'''^" ^""''"^ ^''^^ '^' practicabUity of ^e presen enterpi^e >e of the great diffieulties which Mr. Brett had to contend with m laying a cable across the Mediterranean was caused by the great depth of water, which in parts equals theX^" fundings ound on the telegraphic plateau, but%hose^were ab^ptTd not gradua descents like what we.hall have. We will not be afar,;^ bjr any of those rapid runs of the cable that threaten destruction to aU m Its way for the descents over which w^ shall pass will not be greater about three hundred. This is certainly most promising, and if the promj holds good and the cable don't part, we may ha^' an opportu nity of reahimg It to-morrow. ' Fi«««^ ■-f. J f I / 1 s. if- THE P1B8T ATt*AJfTIO-j:XPKDrnON. 147 any Dnring tbe day w« signalled the squadron that "all was right," which meant that the cable was going out safely, that the con- tinuity was perfect, and, in a , word, that we were getting along. a« well, if not better,, than eould bo expected. They were' satisfied, and during the remainder of the day kept on their westward course without interruption, while we pur8^ed ours steadily, paying out the cable at the rate of from five to six miles per hour. The electricians said the cable was in good working order, and messages were sent tlirough it to America by the oflBcers of' the Niagara to their fri ids and relatives, all of whom will doubtless have received them before we reach the other side of. the Atlatffio. There is evidently a determination not to let it remainJ^ifrtoT want of work, and the operators havl enough to do if thejpg^t through the pile of manuscnpt which lies on theit' desk befor^/moming. ^^ifth J?ay—Augrtk 10. There was a pretty heavy sea on during the whole of this day, and it was evident that there had been a gale somewhere in the immediate vicinity, judging from the size of the waves. The rate of paying out varied from four and a half to ^ii knots an hour, and the cable came up from the coil as easily as if the ship were only making two knots. ' It is certainly a wonderful cable, and those coils are admirably adapted to the work. There was, it must be confessed, a prejudice against them at first, and ^hen they were suggested as the best form that could be devised, some objected to them, on the ground that they would be so liable to kink. This opinion has now been proved to be erroneous, and those who opposed th6^ circles are convinced by practical demonstration that they were the best that could be adopted. This morning about ten o'clock a sail hove in sight, when the squad- ron, in addition to their own national, colors, displayed the Telegraph flag. Our quartermaster, when she was some three or four miles off, proclaimed her to be "a Dutchman." In half an hour he took another observation of her ; said he could see her colors, that she was Norwe- gian, ddding, in a triumphant tone, that ho knew " she was some kind of Dutch," but he guessed it was " pretty high up." About eleven o'clock the Agamemnon signalled to ,jj»^ desiring to know if we had any news, through the cable, from ' the East Indies, a part of the British dominions which at this particular time excites the most painful interest throughout England. We replied that we had not. There were, we understood, some on board who had relatives there, and who naturally felt anxious to hear about the condition of things in that country. At this time we were in 2,150 fathoms water, and the cable was going out in magnificent style. There wore none of I i If I il I, n M r •ii' I ■•I'r %-\\ if ■ u. I. I '\ IS;;-' Ui 148 THB OOBAM TELBOBAPH. those BQdden ahrming rniui which had been predicted for ob whea our ship should come to the great depths, and had we not known from the chart of the soundings where w were, we could not have told the differ- ence, BO far as its effect upon the line was concerned. We could part, ly tell the strain by the angle which it made with the water, while the speed at which it went out was marked upon an indicator connected with the machinery. The strain was shown more accurately by another indicatw, so that w;o could tell the exact number of pounds it was sub- . jected to at any particular time. -This hardly exceeded three hundred, except when the brakes were put on, and then it was increased to fifteen and twenty hundred, and sometimes more. In all cases, howerer, it would not do to take the indicator as a true gnide, as the pitching of the vessel produced a strain which is not always, if it is ever, correctly marked upon it. There was a great deal of excitement created by the cable getting off the wheels twice this evening, but fortunately it was put on again without any other accident. It was to a considerable extent, a repeti- tion of the same scene that took, place when the cable broke off the coast of Ireland. The ship was backed immediatdy,^ the cable released from, the strain, and in five minutes, which seemed so many hours, it was put on the wheels again. When the order was given to the engi- neer ,to "go ahead slow," it is impossible to describe the scene wbidi followed — the relief from a feeling of terrible suspense and painful ex- citement to which every one was wound up, the warm and hearty con- gratulations that were interchanged, and ^e eagerness with which we still continued to watch the wheels, fearful of a repetition of the aooi- dent. The engineers kept near the machine, ready in case of emer- gency to go over the work again; but fortunately there was no call for their services in the same way this night, after the second catastrophe. The throwing of the cable off the wheels was caused by the accumu- lation of tar in the sheaves, which are not so Ajep and so wide as expe- rience ha« proved they should have been. Th^ tar, which is pressed oat of the iron or protecting wire as the cable passes over the wheels, stioks |n the sheaves until it gathers in some parts in large lumps, which become hardened by exposure to the air. The effect of this is to throw the eable off altogether, as oceorred in the two oases just mentioned. We bad hardly recovered from the alarm created by these accidents, when the whole ship was thrown inio another state of excitement by Uut report that the oontintiity WM goneU-thafc the cable refused any longer to transmit the electric oorrent; in a word, that all communication between the ship and the shore had ioeased, in fconsequenoe of some acci- dent to the coj^r wire or oonduottir, of which so one knew the oaoae. THE FIBflT ATLAMTIO EXPEDITION. 140 For two hoars and a half the continuity waa lost; and we believed that all , was over, that the three hundred and odd miles which had been laid wore laid in rain, that wo would be obliged to return, and report our own failur*, when the eyes of Uie whole world were turned upon us, and ac a time, too, when we confidently hoped that soocees waa within our reach if we only exereisod » due amount of vigilanoe and caution.. The Eugi- neers, Captain Hudson and Profeseor Morse had all agreed that the only thing to be done was to out the cable for the purpose of getting it off the paying-oat machine, and transferring it to that which was to be used for winding up, and in regard to the Baoc^ssfal operation of which there were very serioas and well-founded doabts. Mr. De Sautya the assistant electrician, and Mr. Bright, consulted, with Professor Mirso as to the best course to be pursued, when ho ex- pressed the opini(m that the strain to which the cable had beei. subjected tA the time it slipped off the wheels had opened the gutta pcrcha, and thus destroyed the insalation. This certainly seemed the only reason- able explanation that coold be given of thie affair, and the cause stated was generally accepted as the (rue one. About two miles of the cablq/ had been paid oat since thai accident occurred, and the only questio^ that now remained to be decided was whether the winding-in machine could be safely employed m under-running this length. This, as Professor Morse said, was for the chief engineer, Mr. Bright, to determine, and it rested ' with him to give the order to have the cable cut, in case he should so decide. Mr. Bright did so decide, and preparations were being made to carry his order into execution, when Mr. De Saaty informed Professor Morse tbA the eontinoity had been restored, and that the insulation had not l^n destroyed. In five miniiites more the intelligence would have eome too late, for in that time the cable would have been out, and the ooaductor thus detached from the telegraph instrument could jgot have given any indication of its being perfect up to the terminus on the vessel. The glad news waa soon circulated throughont the ship, and all felt as if they had been imbued with a new life. A rough, weaither-beaten old sailor, who hinA t^uited in coiling many a long mile of it on board the Niagara, and who was among the first to run to the telegraph office to havA the news confirmed, said he would have given fifty dollars out of his pay to have saved that cable. " I have watched nearly every mile of it," he added, " as it qame over the side, and I would have given fifty 4dlar9, poor a man as I am, to have saved it, although I don't erpect to make any thing by jt when it is laid down." In his own simple way he expressed the feelingb of every one oa board, for all are as much interested in the saooess of n to doubt, for there hung the broken end over the stern swinging loosely, and there were the wheels as motionless as a rock. The other eiid W not yet sunk to the bottom; it had to descend more than two mUes before it reached the plateau, and it would require more time to aocomplish-that The noise that sounded like pleasant music in our ears had ceased and the machine which had caused us such anxiety had now become as so much useless lumber, blocking up the quarter deck. The cause of the calamity was the application of the brakes, at a time when it was fatal to use them. There was a pretty heavy swell on, and as usual under such circumstances, the stem of the vessel was elevated or depressed as she rose on each wave. It was while her stem was down that the brakes were put on, so that in addition to the strain produced by its rising again, the cable had to bear an additional strain of three thousMid pounds, as marked upon the indicator. This was more than it ooold bear, an^ the consequence was that it parted. The moment the brakes were used the wheels stopped, and when the stem rose again they remained immovable, so that, between the strain brought anon the cable by the vessel and that caused by the application of the brakes, it had, as I have said, to bear more than it was eveV calculated to sustain. The indicator showed a strain of three thousand pounds • btit It u impossible to calculate the strain by whioh it wm broken' ■^,M- THE IIB8T ATLAUTIO iCXP«DIT10N. 151 *^', ^ Had tho brake not been applied, there is no doubt whatever that the cable would have rcraaioed perfect to tho end, unless we were compelled by very great streas of weather to eut it. Tho circumstance, to Bay the least of it, was most the expedition has provedj practicability of laying between Ir^aud and Nc fully convinced as he 15 0' year, or its iaocomplishment te;'but if tho enterprise has failed< V'youd all possibility of doubt, the .egraph cable across the Atlantic f this every man on board is as istenec, whether it be laid next ftponed for fifty years to come. The order to put on the brakes was givea by Mr. Bright at this eritioal Inoment, and ttiere is no doubt whatever on the mind of any one conversant with the fiiots, that It was that order that caused the fracture of tho cable. The author, however, confidently belicvoH thnt it was impossible to lay it- successfully with that machinery, and that some such accident must have inevitably occurred before the arrival of the fleet at Newfoundland. This morning, soon after.^lie catastrophe, a consultation was hold in tho cabin fd the Niagara, at which Captain Hudson, Captain Pennock, Captain ^ainwright, Mr. Bright, Mr. Woodhouse, Mr. Canning, and Professor Morse were present, when tho question of commencing the work over agadn with what cable remained on board both vessebj was discussed, but as it was found, after due calculation, that there was not rso did not pre- ut paixl out and enough to connect th(j two points, tho proposition vail. The following table and statement show tl the baJaucc of cable oi) hand : — BUtnto miles. Upper deck . . . . .180 Main deck . . . . 2M % Lower deck 182 Lower hold . . . .862 Wardroom . . . . . 2«7 I'autlcal mile*. • 111 266 167 805 257 Total . . ; . . 1,265 , 1,085 ^ This, with tea miles of shore cable, mftde a.totsl of 1,095 nautical miles. Of this, 334 were paid out when thp cable parted, leaving 759 miles on board the Niagara, which, with the half iu the Agamemnon, left 1,847, or a surplus of 207 over 1,700 miles— the distance between the temini at Newfoondland and Ireland — an excess of 12 per cent. This was, as has been said, considered insufficient, and the proposition was accordingly rejected a6 impracticable. Indeed, it was deemed doubtful whether, if the cable had not parted, there woold have been enough to reach Trinity Bay. iJLnother proposition was made, that wh6n the vessels returned to jBtB^land aq additional length of cable be prooared,»nd with this and new I »1 •1 M f 1 : m Jiii >.>;5. 159 THE OOEABT TEXEGKAPH. I'* I., •■ "♦ r«^ T^ u'T'%^" recommenced in October. Thi«, however, was to be decided by the dire^rs, and in the mean time it was understcid that he Niagara was to he at Plymouth until further orders. It was believed that ,f th« proposition should not be carried out, our ship would be deUined tm the following year, when the Telegraph S-iuadroa wer^ to take a fresh start, >' <= r i « wcio Soon after the meeting Mr. Field, with his usuU promptitude, left ^. the squadron m the Cyelops-the rest of the vessels with the excejaion of the Leopard, remaining to make some experiments to test the practi- cability of spbcing the ends of the cable from both the Niagara and Agamemnon. This occupied another day, and proved that it was per- fectly practicable to join the ends of the cable in mid ocean. BOUND FOB PLYMOLTH. Having made the experiments suggested by ^r. Field, and which, as ha, been stated, were entirely successful, the Tel^ph Squadron staged for Plymouth, one of the first naval depots in Great Britain. On their way to that port a trial of speed took pHce between the Niagara the Agame^^on, and the Susquehanna. Properly speaking it could'^ha'rdly be called a race for we were all so confident of the superior merits of our own vessel m point of speed, that we looked upon Lh a thing as oompetition or comparison as not only out of the quesUon, but absolute^ preposterous. True, we had heard a great deal of the ^ualitieTof te Agamemnon under sail and steam, and we certainly felt no i«,linat on to depreciate her either as a sailing ship or a steamer; but a tTe 2 time the superiority which was claimed for her over oilr vessel we we"I not prepared to admit. W^were told that she was the "crack" Tht of he British fleet; that\he could steam -from twe ve toWn knots an hour ; and that she was, in a word, the fastest pro^^l ' lltd H r"*r' '"*"'" '""'^ ^«*->^ withacert^Xeeof atUude, and while we listened to the relation of her wonderful pTrtW ances, our opinion of the Niagara underwent no change. The frt i ™ ' I have «i.d, that we felt so confident of the superiorfty of the nL^^ as to regard «ch a thing ., * trial of sp^ed perfeoUy prep^S^ There was the.^ literally speaking, no race between the two's Cf" several reasons :-in Uk, first place the vessels were not in pfc^ trta or ' deprivJI! entirely of the u«.W our fourth by the prt,xinHV of tie 2! na^ i. the oo Is of cable, which might have'boen Tmaged'by tie ht^ of the fires ; and m the third, we knew that the Agamem^ h^ fr J^ 7^l:^:Tj:::rt ^^ '-^ r -^ ''^^^^^ 'iJL»-ti7 ner ttr ibe^^worit^et^yiBg ttr great wTEe. Yet I are no — 1 W g? THE HBST ATLAimO EXPEDITTON. 153 donbt that she made an effort to outrun us, if it be fair t^nige from her increase of speed and the indications afforded by the d^e columns of black smoke which occaai ing us, and although laboring under all the disadvantages already referred in iM^ ^*Mi> i1 fil ■■■■s r*-*'*^ ka, Irtarai* ♦Kaiy t\ yi n fl ft.nrt TVinii^n f.nrtiTl fi\ y ♦ ■tMHy wxTt nw nmWJf iiTrifTmiMM™! mO -AVW-O* VmMSXX y**mc PIJI U - xnUUStt nBUtU -IMt TwIITIMl ~~ pvsomption. It most be rwncmbered that we bad the cable g«ard 154 THE OCEAN TELBGBAPH. 1^ U ■ attached to our^ stern, that we were below our regular bearings with the cable, and that we had but three boilers in use ; while the Lsque hanna was .n admirable condition, and there is no doubt was undlr a fu^i head of steam when she dropped down and came abeam with the fh f r!,' u '""" "' '^' ^'"^ *''** P°''*''^°' ^"^ ^^e«l«. ^'hich before this had bemg going at an ordinary rate, began to revolve with accelerated velocity, and finally with a rapidity that cleared up what ever doubts we might have had of her intentfons. All the Zls tha^ were of any service were put on, and every evidence was given that she was doing her very best under the circumstances. Her rate of speed was about ten miles an hour. ^ All the steam that could with safety be used was raised, and we also half-an-hour the Susquehanna occupied the same position; so that her gangways were withm our line of vision during that time. We had not but after this it became e . .dent that the gangways wew closing upJ see the gangway on the port side, or the side next to our ship. It wal 2 her fo" ! '"\*'' ^-quehanna gradually began to fall asfe™, uiUil her foreman was brought in a direct line with our mi«en. I„ a drZTd ""?' ""?'"' ''' ''"' ""^^ - ^•-^ fr- *he time ^ d opped down and came abeam with us she was about half-a-mile astel St 11 she kept at it. although Captain Sands must have been pretty tS satisfied regarding the comparative merits of both ships, ^rom t^" o"i"th A *'•' '''* '' "^' *'^ ^^~- «*"-« t« best «r Tt four, the Agamemnon was about twelve miles astern, and the Susqut Wna about five. As we did not wish to run away 'from them aZL iher and a. Captain Hudson desired to keep company with the fon^S ^t fllrs l^^'^'" '" -'" '""^"P- A^twWfive mS past four the Susquehanna passed us, and at half-past-five the A« memnon wept by us under sail and steam. The raC wrotr ^d Pl^T "" '^^^^^' " '"^'^ "«"*^ ^'^' this about ;:'ngt ' Notwithstanding all this the Agamemnon proved herself with *n ut'rt::;^^ r : '''•"' «^« ^^^"^' »^ *« whiehTe ir'auo 8ubjeot,both a good -teamer and a fast ship. She could hardly be re^ different models ; and the only wonder is that any doubt could Z TTu'J T "«*"* "" '^'" «"''"*»- Whatever may TsaM »bont h^ . „ l,n g and » toai.u., i>Hifti^,^opm^ on » ^^^^^ "m^'*- '--^ •• 1* ^ ^ % v< THE FIB8T ATLANTIC EXPEDITION. it 155 finest line-of-battle ships in^e world ; and it '\s no wonder that she ia the pet of the British navy after her gallant perfonnances before Bebastopol, when she distinguished herself by the fearlessness with which she steamed up to within eight or nine hundred yards of the frowning batteries of that terrible fortress. The officers of the Susquehanna not only acknowledge that their ship was well beaten, but express their belief that the Niagara is one of the swiftest yessels in the world — that she is, in fact, witho^ an etjoal. Since their conversion we^a^jfd pardoned them for their presumption in thinking. that they could beat us, and accept their voluntary praises of the Niagara as a proof of their sincer'ty. There is no dpubt whatever that the long passage — a pasai|ge which was made under the most un- favorable circumstances — of our shuhfrom New York to London in April, 1857, disappointed every one regarfflng her ch^acter as a steamer and sailing vessel ; but those who knew her, and who have witnessed her per- \ formances under all circumstances, are satisfied that she will realize thk. high expectations that were formed of her. ABRrVAL AT PLYMOCTH. The Niagara arrived at Plymouth gn the 13th of August, 1857^ where she remained till the 5th of November following, when she sailed for New York. Mr. Field had arrived 8ometim^J>efore, and had called a meeting of the Board of Directors at Londolli,^at which Mr. Everett and the commanders of the expet^tSon were present. The result of these meetings was, that" ^r. Everett was requested to examine and report upon the form of machinci''y best adapted to secure the success of the next expedition. While occupying this position, he was literally dgluged with plans of proposed maohines, suggestions in regard to the laying of the cable,, and advice from erery quarter as to the manner in which the work should be performed. Some of those correspondents offered their suggestions and advice without hope of pay, or at least without saying any thing about it, but it must be confessed that the majority were worldly ipinded and looked after the almighty dollar. M|ichiues of the mostremarkaUe stniotore were |»«sented on paper for consideration, accompanied with detailed descriptions and explanations covering who}e reams of foolscap. Take them all together they Wore rich specimens of literature, and ' should not be allowed to pass into that obscurity to which the efforts of aspiring genius are so often consigned. ' They were from clergymen, jMrtiHtHj luanbfcnitw^ ang intw^ra^ anilnrH^ HoldJer H, o ffioem, and gcn tlrtft e n of kisare— that is, those who are supposed to have plenty of money, and 156 THE OCEAir T^JjBGBAPH. plenty of time to speud it in. The foUowing \b one of the Toluntaer ietters and, u wiU be seen, the Buggeations which it contains are the joint p^duction of two parties, although, according to the laws of the ohttpoh, they should properly bo regarded a« one :— tJll^'Z^^^T^ \^^ ""^^^ T l'"^.''"* "''«''*' ''«"'« brother was in ^Jf^HL^ depositing you, Atlantic telegraph rope, when she sug. &L7l aJ''^ ''°^^** not hare difficulties ^h the currents, whi4 she had heard her kte brother speak of as interfering with th^sZd ^f i*,f?f?»»*«Jj^«'^«k me that you were beginidng at tSe^na 5^'i-^^*'^'°™«^*'«'*°° tJ'^ <«>°'»^e, or inside of t^<^e ot d^ndmg rope and facilitate its deposit, l^tead of aotiL onX oo^ vex Side and tend to throw it dowTit cunre« Irii a kS longer lengttia. necessary. If there be weight in thislZTstionTd Sh^frd to 2?o^'""*° *°^' *^« "'^"^ * y^^ vesseTKS c'uHe • cu^ent, and its ..f^^Xp^t^^^' .^f^^eL^lhelat and the direction of the current at different depths, «*^^r«le iem and thus get across with the shortest possible^ iSoSnt of XaTd Whatever " weight » there may be in the suggestions of this oorr^ ^ond^t, he IS certainlj^entitled to the credit oTT^inality. and itTto be hoped that in the laying of the next cable the e^eerf wm Uve^ proper regard for the concavity and convexity of ZL.e of th^ L sending ro^ and the northward tendency ^f the Gulf Stre«n. B^ here nianotK^ad although not quite «, clear aa that already gif^ still It IS a remarkable production :— ^ * ^ timrtS'^o™*^!:? :ri|?,* *" "«8«^ *« T^ «o«™ *« fact, a. yoVaSt^erv'difl^J " T^'u'"^ ^" «^«'*™ «»W« «»«»Plet« tffl J^u-aXJe^Tbl^^^^^ .Tl^ild^- more knots may be found tii^ Tfcio t -j fno*. »nd many ■aieiy, without strain, the cable in a direct line withnnt .»,-.-/ -^ angles, at a greater savinir in cost T-^i ^»"«>w "J wa»te u jniTtice to myS" ^ I will say no more at prw»n* in Every one who reads the fore^ing will no doubt appreobt. tl» «n«, of j„rt,ee by which the writi w« actuate d. dthoS^i^ *^X, ♦o ■ -^ ■ f >« t TUE FIK8T ATLANTIC EXPEDITION. 15T ; L, '*^, «l88Jiy on 8o:ne subject that was supposed to have an intimate connec- " tion witb tin enterprise. Of this character was one which g^ive some curious particulars conderning the habits of wh?' .^, and all of which was intended to show how much easier the cable could be laid by the plan proposed. Conspicuous among, the applicants figured a clairvoyant, who expressed a strong desire to be employed by the compsuw for ^ proper (Sonsideration, in return for which, she engaged in cases Streak of continuity, to tell exactly in what part the break had occurred, and in tHe event of fracture of the cable, where the end could be found. All these disinterested applicants, clairvoyants, inventors and all, were sum- marily di^osed of; but not at all discouraged, they kept up their ap- plications and cprrespondence to the end, and some even threatened to sue the company if they did hot adopt their suggestions. It will be strange hereafter if some of them do not lay claim to the credit of hav- ing invented the machinery, and seek to deprive Mr. Everett of the &me to which he is so justly entitled. Mr. Evwett having signified his intention of complying with the re- quest of the Atlantic Tele^aph Company, associated with hijnself Messrs. Penn, Lloyd and Field, three English engineers of high reputa- tion, with whom he conjointly made the following report : — * • IiOin>ow, SspTBirBiB, 1857. GiNTiBMKN : — Having cxajpined, agr jeably to your request, the ap paratus and arrangements on board the N^iagara for paying oti' Atlantic telegraph qable, ai^gjyen the whole subject our carefu^ sideration, we l^ to lay bewwfjfpu the conclusions at which wo arrived. We consider the paying out sheares require no alterations except those Suggested by Mr. Bright in a" memorandum which ho was good enough to place in our hands, a copy ofei*|ch wc wpend, namely : — To have one groove only. In each of the HhraVes, to make the ^j<^ deeper and wider at the periphery, and fit them' with guards, t^feprent the cable coming off, to syjiply scrapers for removing ^e tar fj-orfrpK grooves, and to inijce the circumference of each suocesaivFsheave which the cable passes over as much larger than the prTOcdrng^one as the tfable is found to str'etch by the application of the increa^ng strain which it has to b^r in passing round the several sheaves when it is being paid out with the maximum ritrain, and thus greatly diminish, orperhaps entirely obviate,, the slipping of the cable on all the shelves. We may add, that vpa,seo no reason why this apparatus should no£ also bo used for hauling in the . f. cable when necessary, if sufficient engine power be provided lor that The moat important consideration, however, to which wo have di- rected our attention, is how to guard against the strain being brou^ on t he cable w hi le paying out, gr eater ^an it is considered capablea^ "^"fwifing witbout Ksi Ofclamiige-Stfia^-ls, taring dotcnnincttfiri A 1 ,'i| 1 I I TBHEi / 158> J'..,, operation «muUaneo^«br, , f Quld , oth«wTeS^/^St tti recomjiffend for this purjAeill'^ki of two others, moving ith% si.ftg^^egn. " diftppter, and h'ayiag %ir'^b^is'|%Sa<'« n m#es wide; each bra\e to be cabbie of ^ both may be m operation togethel- if foUnd ;l« constructed on the plan,\patented some inches broad aqd^ half an in(& apart, and im- ^ A their -diaineter in oiat^ns-irf. salb water it .KLSn'^tlirof intHraS^S^ir""- ^I'^%P'^^'i'« brake on iho deck (hroiurh iT^T^l ' ^ i arranged to movQ, horizontallv .tron, .prtgs'Jrv^tad^fll^^^^^^^ ^{ ^'t ''•"*'"" «'' that on the steru of tfo ^hin w^Turd h^ r!.U. Tp ^^\ ^^ P^'"g «^«' ties of strain to" which ftSldthorwjT ^IT ^^' Sreatinequalf- of tins sheave would at a I timet ft e., ret' 'a^^T' '""^ r'^' P««^"^'«° strain on the cable-a itlatti of tL „f ^ ? ^nd'Pat.on of the niaiinuHn upon it should depend tatjulmkfStheBr"'^ to b^tnown, as for ensuring the safety of thi cabi rtsolf ^' '"^ ''^'' '^''"'^'"^ in <^'3:m:::Iz;!z t^'^^' '"^« «p-«*- ^« -^-ed in deep water, VouldTn I^^ probabttrL'-^"'^''"^^'".*^^ ^^'^^'^ '''^^ ingly doubtful whetlier Z eabt co H K P'"'"^^'' •'* ^^'^g e^°e«- n'e ^now bcgW^r some, observations on m J of comf^rat.vely minor impo^nce, oughT'n onr Tr ^n order to ensure, as far as may L prar«cabfe^ ft i"f r •""^'^^' ere^'> -^d difficult^ CO reciS wedt r r '".'"r^'i:^ t^^ «P^^ of the'ehi ani tS Sm^t; ded* X'^Zr.TouC''. "^"^^^ -^^IP^^. whole m a We Springs -with 'greatly intended although ittendcd of an should ^:xun, as t^ whole W ■•"i^"" \^!-'-'"i TirE FIE8T ATLANTIIO 'EXPEDITION. 159 ■P": i'.'^. ^ may, wc think, be regulated with considerable exactne* and the excess, we venture to suggest, should not be less than ouo-thirrf. Thia appears to be the only means of allowing the cable to sink into the hollows at Ihe bottom of the sCa, iugtead of hanging, as it might otherwise Jo in ' some places, in long loops, supported only at their ends, and consequently having ta bear strains which, if not at first, might ultimately produce fractr* when the strength of the iron wire became impaired by oxida- ■ tioo. All thejnachiuery should be covered by a kind of house on deck, to protect the attendants from the weather. It should be wx'll lighted at night, and proper accomroodatiou provided for the men when off duty. , > An adequate number of efficient attendants should be hired to superin- tend the machinery, who should relieve each other at short intervals, and rfie greatest care should be taken to keep all the indicators and other instruments in good working order. In eonclilHion, we beg to Kay thai we think no pcactical difficulty would be found in carrying out all the mechanical arrangements we have Suggested, and we also think that they should be carried out under the special superintendence of the officer intrusted by the company with the important duty of laying the cabl^, assjifln by the most able, practical machinist, who may be willing to undertake the execution of the work, who should nvake an experimentiashore on the proposed brake as soon as one can be finished, and such other experiments as he may deem necessary to enable him to arrange the details in the most effectual ' manner. Wo are, gentlemen, your very humble servants, T. Lloyd, ,, „ . Joshua. Field, ,. ■''*'»--.■'. John Pk.vv, ' ^' W. E. Everett. , Alterations recommended to be made in the Paying-out Machinery. The sheaves should tiave single grooves, deeper than those at present fixed, and a slight differe^»o|gjiould be made in the (lianieter of each 8heave«||i^||^ji^JeajjiH^a to'Sthe stern of the vessel, and the smallest of the iTOSivel leading from thqipdl. By this the adhesion of the cable to th^ 'aneaves will be oqai({v of obtaining the fas-.»i%a MiMi asss^sriMKi:! «nri!ryte1fflt ; '1' ! ■■ ;,-, ''r/; -r.h, , ■■ mm^ - . \ y' '^ THE SECOND ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH EXPEDmON. THE NIAGARA AGAIN ATvPLTMOUTH, Thk experience which had been gained by the results of the Expe- dition of August, 1857, led to many changes in the plan of operations for the expedition which was to sail in the m«^toth of June. The ma- chinery, as has been shown, ha^ jproved utterly inadequate to the per- formaijce of the work for which it was constructed, and it was* therefore determined, as the reader is aware, that this important matter should be entrusted to the skill and ingenuity of Mr. W. E. Everett. The vessels which had been detailed for the layii^g of the cable before, were again detached for the renewal of the attempt. Mr. Field had accepted the position of General Manager of the Company at the urgent solicita- tion of the Board of Directors, and the services of Mr. Everett were also secured on application for leave of absence to the United States Government. Both these gentlemen entered upon the duties before them with all the energy and zeal which so great a work demanded. Some delay attended the application of Mr. Field for the appointment of the Niagara; but that point satisfactorily settled,. they, started for England in the Persia, on the 6th of January, 1858, and arrived at Liverpool the 16th of the same month. As the subsequent move- ments of Mr. Field are given in detail in the biographical sketch of that gentleman, we will proceed at once in our narrative of the Second A^^tio ^^^^fi^ Expedition. ^te^jjSppigate Niagara, having received her complement of ofiScers and m6^mrted from New Tork for Plymouth on the 9th' of March, 1858. 'Asy/soiho changes had been made in the appointment of the former, the following list will enable the reader to recognize the names of tnose^ho were re-appointed :— ^ Camj Wm. L. Hudson; Lieutenants, .bis. H. North, J. D. Todd, John Gm^t, Wm. A. Webb, E. Y. MafMiley, B. Gherardi ; Surgion, I?. 8. Green; Purser, J. Cj^ldridge; ^^egjtoant com ma nding M^ rme "ttenrd, W&"fi7"5oya; Fiiiea^Apsistanl^gf^^^^ Awiatant-Surgeon, Wm. 0. Hay; GhkLj^gta&^l^^ folJu^abee, .#*%' y Ml I '^1 n "*I1IF m THE OCEAN TELEGRAPH. ■^.^ % '\?,: r , J. Farren; First AmBUmt'^^pS^^^m^^. g^in ; :1?econd ABsist- 1* ant-Eng3Deer8, G. R. Johnson, M. Kellogg^ Third AsBistunt- Engineers, ^.. Wm.«. Uuchler, Jas. il. Bailey/' j: McElw^ 11. Kutz; Cautain'a ^l^-Secretary, J. W. IludHon ; Purser's Ckrk, Edw/td Willard ; Bo»t«Wain Jlobert Dixon; I Gunner, J. Webber; Sailmakei^, W'm. B. Fugit; Tar- ^.enter, H. P. Leslie; Acting-Masteii's MaU, J. W. G6odrich, W W Brooke, Stephei^B. Hudson, A. M. Reason, i6. Key worth, A. Stockholm. The Niaganf arrived a^ Plymouth 0/ the 23d of March, after a passage of a Uttle over thirteiai dak^s. /She experienced very heavy weat% during the greater part of thejp/ssage, and never did she display" her spfcndid qualities to better adyladtagc. From the « 9th to the lf.th ^ was unpleasantly rough, ai|l of Uie IJJth, 14th, and 15th iLblew a perfecJi gale. There is no doubt that this was the equlnocta|tnd it did full justice to itself so far as heavy blowing is ooncemed. Those who W crossed the Atlantic in the months of March and September ' can for* spmeldea of the nature of equinoctial gales and of the terrido T fory m th9 Sound till the 24th instant, when she weighed anchor and proceeded up the harbor, preparatory to gding intb dock for tii^ reception of the cable. After her arrival the numerous friends which the loffioers made during their stay here the year before, paid a wel- "" oome visit, and again teaiered their hospitalities. Invitations Were exjmded by^ nearly all the regiments stationed at this port to the' (Mflps of the Niagara. I should state here that as an evidence « of »e friendly feelings which were manifested towards them, all, or nearly all the Vessels lying in the harbor cheeted them as the ship passed up to her anchorage. The rigging of the Impregnable and other ves^ls were manned by their crews, who gave throe cheers that waked all the slumbering echoes of the surrounding hills. The wai^e Was responded to with an enthusiasm on the part of the Niaffa/^f^Blen which proved that they were determined not to be outdMj^^^UB demonstration of friendly feeling. fi^^^ Besides the attentions which the officers received from their friends, they were honored with others of the most pressing character. The ♦tt^Toom was almost literally deluged with circulars and business cards of e^iy description. Tailors, shoemakers, washerwomen, hotel keepers, hatters, &c., &&, were most assiduous in their attentions and soli- citations for patronage. Among the business applications was the follow- ing gem, which is worthy of publication on this side of the ocean: " Mr. Wm. H. Weatcott (pupil of Conlon and nephew of Mrs. Wil- liams, the QctagonJ, professor of dancing. Princess street, Plymoutfi, teacher for the nobilities' balls, &c., bfigs to announce to the officers of the nrtny and navy, and his friends generally, that he continues to receive daily adults, irrespective of age, for private tuition in all that is prevaUing-amODg l^e ^{«^" t'j Aa oar readers might imagine tiiat Mrs. Williams is Uie ootagon, it, %< ■m IS 164 THE QOEAir TBLEQRATH. may be as veil to state that she is notluDg of the kind, bat that the pinrtioular part of the city in which her ciephew receives " daily adults," and teaches " all that is prerailing among the &Ue," is dignified with that title. It was rumored that the Queen intended to witness the departure of the telegraph squadron from Plymouth, bat as there was no certainty aboat the matter, and as many of us natarally felt desirous of seeing for ourselves what the head of so great a nation looked like, a nation that was to be brought next, door to as by tho sucoeBsful termination of the enterprise iq which we were engaged, we were determined to go to Lon- don and see her, not only in her capital, but in her palace. We were desirous of secidg a real, genuine, bona-fide queen, one who wore a crown, for though wo were accustomed every day to.«ee sovereigns in our own country, they were without that indispensable adjunct of royalty. To come to England and go away without having seen the queen is in- deed a terrible oversight, a crime, for the commission of which every travel- ler from the United States must expeet to meet with the stem censure of all those curious and wonder-loving, friends who expect to be informed on the minutest points. Fortunately, I have seen the qaeen, and although I was not at her drawing-room^ nor honored with an introduc- tion by our minister-^for the simple reason that the favor was not requested of him — I had just as fair an opportunity as those who were, and who were graciously permitted to bend the knee before the royal lady, and to kiss her royal hand. By the kindness of a friend I was placed in possession of the following ticket of admission to Buckingham Palace, through the grand hall of which the Queen always passes on her way to hold her drawing-rooms in St. James's : \ ;: : ADUn TBJt BXABIB TO TBI GRAND HALL ON THUR8*DAYi Tho 22d of April, 1858, at a quarter past one o'clock. EXETER, Lord Steward. BoOKIMaHAM PALAOX. *4,* Therparties are to retire after her Majesty has passed. B '»3» J » j0 ' . ' » » » iO o O r :OoOfi lations in whioh they passed the time, regarding her personal appearance and style of dress. Some had heard that she was dumpy, and not at all like a queen ; while others were of opinion that her portraits, so far from being flattering, did not do her any thing like justice. There was one who did not appear to bo imbued with the proper respect for royalty, and who insisted with a democratic persistence that would not be checked, that the Queen was- just like any other woman, and that she could indulge in a glass of alo as well as the next one. A lady, who happened to. hear tho remark, and who was standing beside the speaker, manifested considerable indignation, and gave a look that ex- pressed, as plainly as a look could, that the aforesaid speaker was " very low." . Now,Vhether she was indignant at tho want of -reverence mani- fested by the remark, or whether she supposed she was nieant by the " next one," I am unable to say, and will not, therefore, venture an opinion on the subject ; but it is a fact that she was very indignant. A quarter^^past one was the hour specified in the ticket of admission, but it was nearly half^past 6ne when the door of the grand hall was thrown open — a fact whioh shows plainly that they have not a very par- ticular regard for punctuality in a palace. However, the door was opened at last, and that was something: Two of the officials of the Queen's household took the tickets, and we were permitted to enter tho palace, the, majority of us perhaps for the first time. We had to pass through two halls before Coming to that which is called, by way of pre- eminence, Hm grand l|a^ 1^4/'' ^ certainly worthy of the title. All that mairble and statttsffyufq mirrors and fresco painting, under the hands of ingenious archid)Jts and artists could do to make it magnifi-, cent, has been done. ,The only drawback, perhaps, is the insufficiency of light, and this want divests it of half its beauties. The palace itself is a splendid structure, and is deserving of all that is said for it in the guide books of London. Bat here we are in the 'grand hall, with servanta in knee breeches an4 red coats glittering in all the efiulgence of gold lace, hovering about. ;Among those same servants is a very dignified old fellow in a blue coat with brass buttons, a white neck-tie, and a waistcoat of the same color — a terri bly pompous indi vidual, who holds his head so high Quit it is only lyr great ezcrtioQ he can see any one near him. This t^ .■»iV»^:' ; 166 THE OCEAIT TEXEOi£aph. If ■ • J • character is no loss a personage than the master of the outside oeremo- nies, which signifies that it is his duty to keep the crowd in-order and to presenre the sanctified decorum of the place. Show th^ rii«ht&t indication of a desire to go any farther than the prescritedriimite, and to use a homely but expressive phrase, he will come do^ upon you hke a 'thousand of brick." He is a rough customer-so rough that it is a wonder somebody don't put him in mind of it by an occasion*! casti- gation. His treatment of ladies is any thing but courteous; and the exhibition he made of himself on the day in guestioj^was not of that kind which one would expect to see within the walls of a pi^ace. But perhaps such exhibitions are only gqt up ht. the benefit and in^ruction of jjlebeians and are never indulged in when any of the arislodraoy are U. h|s immediate neighborhood. Ho is, however, an 'efficient character iniis place anc? it may bo after all that this roughness only arises from his strong desire to perform his duty to the utmost. \ But howfe^cr strict he may be m this particular, the cUims of friendship lead him into acts of partiality, which show that he is not altogether a Brutus in his line. His fwnds and favorites came in for the best seats, and those -who were , strangers and who. Ignorant of the state of affairs in this department' IrtS"!' ""'^°'*^. *^'* '^'^ "'"' °P°° *« '^^ «»ke, were very «5on appri^d that presumption of that kind was not to be tolerated. What are you going to do there?" he said to three ladles who Zn "wL'^'^ ^ "^* ''^" ^^ '^"'^ "^^^^ --; t Wueen. What arc you going to do there ? " « ('; Going to sit down," wa» the very natural reply . TW' said the old fellow, "that's a good fdea" xf fte didn t at all believe what he said. - tnnr.?r ^'^ ^'t' ^^'^ "^^ y'*" *« 8° *^«" ?'" he rejoined \^% tone that was not tp be mistaken. ■ w«, m » ' Nobody, " replied the Udy'in a mollifying Wiy :' « but I wpnosed fleeing others go, I might do the same " ^ T ' r ' ^'K**^' CM t.TUt'8 quite another thing. You can't sit there. « » And so the throe wera obliged ^to stan^ aside, that hi. favorites migKbe ^.oomniodated. 'Now, i* "lay have been «U ^y weUfoTbm to dmw more partiality. to' his friends fhan to .ir^^^^T^Z^Tt ^ The gpectators have token their places in frrat of^lSkni stidr. " T ^ ""^^"^ *^' ^**" •' '""^"^^ *« ^™«. »d JS%6 passes '" they beoome more and more anxion*. At lart he royil ,^tf^' «^ t ■■> K # I* *► - V ^ i> ••5. THE SECOND ATLANTIC' EXPEDITION, 167 4f- eeen approaching through the court-yard, and one of them- draws up opposite the door whiafi opens on the grand hall, ready- to receive the sovereign. It is a fine esti^blishment in its way, with plenty of gold fringe, and royal coats of arms, and small crowns and other regal ap- purtenances. A number of the household Kcrvants, almost covered with gold lace, now make their appearance, and flourish around the hall through which the ladies of the court are continually pa-ssing, on their way to St. James's. Some of i'yiese ladies, by ^e way, ara- remarkably handsome, and all are dressed in the most elaborate stylo of orniimon- tation. They have -evidently a great contempt for high-necked dresses, if their feelings are to be judged by the excessive lowness to \?LicJ* they have attained. Their crinolines are wonders i?i their way , and excit(-d the envying admiration of the fair spectators. But tlie Queen is said to ^ on her way, and all eyes are strained to catch a glimpse of her. P^haw ! it is not her, after all. Jt is merely a gouty old lord, \jfho is making his way slowly down the grand staircase, and who has been mis- taken as one of the avant couriers of her Majesty. Five nlinute.^ more "^apsr as you can judge oj^j A'V ^ A 't ¥ ■^ .... ,. . t. ■>A, 168 THE OCKAJf TELEOKAPH. ■^-' \fjf' If-," It .\ li>-v figure, enveloped in a crinoline tJmf -R-^^-i • • , roundabout liule woman, iu who,, 11 " l»,>ble to equal, . da»py, .ko attribute, of ,„a,.,, . U i. pHt It t:."' T, f" portraits flatter her is downri.,),^ oK. j-. °, '-'''®- ^^ say that her -they have n.ade a goodloS/wo"^^ '''^'^ '""" ^^^ ^^^ "^^ below it, so that thoseTho have 17 T^ ' ""'''''' "^"^^'^ ^'«*«i« "^ to who il is. intend J on Nw " 'L?:^ "^'^ "^.^«^^^" ^ "^-^ b« historically accurate althZh !f T ^ ' description, I wish to royal lady,i/«he eTr.T:t:l^irLT ''"" ^° '""'' *^^"^« the volun. in which this aecfrrpub^i" V'-""' """ therefore, to historical accuracy, let me X in the fi ^"^'"^ f "°*^^' stature of the Queen is conside ably TeW the Id .f "u' ^'^'^ ^'^^ so decidedly not handsomPtJ.^f t T ^^'^'""' *'"'* ^^'^ ^''ee is . To ofeot this, howeven i^ 1-d th ? / !'^'^''^-«^'P«-*-% ordinary. pleasant, the expression it assumes^ orthr . ^'''^'^'^^'^ to bo un- acter. On this head I do n H ofoss L L ""P'-?^-'^«-°g «har- reliable iafocmation as it is nh\!. /,! \'° P"'"'''''^" «^ ^'^^ °i°«t scribing the Que n"; Isona? ^^' '' ^"""^ ^'"^y- ^^ ^'■ her to' .y ^eX C si ET '"^ 'T.' "^^'^ ^^P^-* fore, be accused of wrilrwit . .•"''; ^"^ ^ """«* "'>*• ^J^^^e- who have written ab ut W h ^? '"' ""^- ^'^^ *■-' '«' *l^'>Be partia^tyorpreJudi^rtif^oXrafel . twfg any thingr:r;;ior:a3thtr ^r ^^ 'r^ a grand t^in, wh Lh ^ «ptldTT'*' "''*'"''^- I**«^i-tedin feUows, about' twelve ^rdd On hTr ^T^', ^'^^^"ooking Ihtle thi., and you fdt i, loZnT I "*t T '' ^^''"*^ ^^^'^ ^^ «ff»- , * . <'3 \ THE BECOND ATLAKTIC EXPKLITION. 169 Vfti^^ y. that ever sat upon a throno cannot be denied. In fact, it is this leading point in her character that has gained her the affection of her people ; "" for virtue in royalty is so rare a thing that it on never be t'ui highly prized. The Court of Queen Victoria is in striking eoiitrasi with the Courts of many of those who have sat on the same throno which she now occupies. In this regard she is a most exemplary woman, and to this is owing the title by which her peopk; delight to call her. It if particularly pleasing to be ^ble to speak in this way of any woman, and to have it in one's power to state a fact that no want of percioual beauty can affect, and that cannot be compensated for by any amoliut of attraction. While on this subject, let iie relate a little an«edorte which I have heard here regarding the Qufeen, and wliich is said to be perfectly true. It appears that during ttne of Eer visits te her country seat on the Isle of Wight, tho -PriucQ hi *v/ales got into a difficulty, which resulted m his being whipped by a little fellow less than his own age. His assailant was amusing himself in loading a miniature carl with sand, when the Prince approaching threatened to kick it over. " Do it," said the boy, " and it '11 be wc«;gi|?for you." True to his ^<■ ..rd^ and undeterred by the thfcat, 4he scion of royalty did upset it Mth his foot; and true also to hiif promise, the boy did make it « orse for him. The overthrow of the caff wns th6 signal for a . fight, in which the Prince came off second best, and was swt home with tears in hi« tyes. When brought before the Qftpen, however, he told ifhtt had actnally happened, what he had done to provoke the boy and , to. bring on hia own punishment. Tho royal iWother hereupon sfnt for the little fellow, who, finding out,tb« full extent of what he had doie, was terribly frightened. When he made hi8>ppearanco, however, sho' spoke to him kindly, said he had dond right, and riftignanimoiwly proyideld for his education and support at her own expense, on iliseoveriug thatkiV" parents were in poor circumstances. A woman who could do suoh a^ act can well afford to be ordinary. Prince Albert, who was dressed in military costume, is a tail and good-looking man. He is balifrom the top of the forehead to near the '^ crown of the head. His face is so German, that.it wouhl be impossible to \ jiustake his nationality ; in fact, both himself and thii Queen look al<>re#. German than Eflglish.. She ^f couHie entolrod the carriage* first, and \ when she had succeeded in adjusting , her dress as well as she could, Ite* \ took a seat beside her. J3ut that dress, with such an amount of .rebel llous uprising crinoline beneath, Would not be put down, and would surge and boil ove^n evdfy side so as to oompletely envelope tbo lower hall of the body of tho Prince, leaving the upper part alone visible, like ^\ a w ax- w or ^^tPBtiTra faarbgr*rBhicp. ' W1nni"Ttiey:werr bom wmeA, me ''a '<<, \ (J» 170 I J <-' ■«' THE OCEAN TELEOBAPH. ; royal carnage drove off, vnd the last wc Baw of the Queen, she was en- I^ou d Lke to Lave «een her at the dfiawing-room ; but the fact that I , ^^ not prepared w:th a court dress proved an insuperable bar to the indulgence of ujy desire. r , w lui, tors lett tl.e|,ala(.e. and once more made their way into the open street oppo.Ue the park. Here thc^e was a considerable military f re tt Ijands attached to which we^ performing the national anthem, riong Z "V""y^^«^ * '^omm, I ms informed-were drawn up on one .sulo and almo.st blocked up a number of the contiguous streets Amongthe.e were those of the Ma.hal Peliasier.the Ministfrs of Austr ' PrusMa and other European nations, and the carriage of Mr Dall^ o^r ^r^ndV n 'Z' '\'' '''''''"■ ' ^^^'^"^^ ^'^' -y P-- f f.t '■'°^'"'^" '"P"^"^^*^ *" ''' the ocpupants of any of thee e«tnbbsha.ents and particularly do I regret my consequent in Terr O " ^^''"f ,^^"-'- ^"* i^ I ^^ «- him, IcouWnotlJe fld^J ;".*'""" ^ ""^' '"^ whatever consolatian I can. andthat^ass.moth,ng; andas people may be curious to know wha -k nd ot a arnago ,t .,, they must be informed. Let me say, then at d ?i J rn 1 "^"'f ""*.'*■ ^* '•* ^'^'^f^ '^ v"^-!^ as you can see any dat i«_B oadway. with a pair of fine horses attached to H. a driver in Wry „, that portion whe,^ ^driver generally sits, and a footX aV s a sotr ^'"•;.^^": ''''"'''' '"^* ^^"^^''"^ ^'^'- The fl4«;n ^iJ anJt T^' '"' ^''^""^"■«'^" ^--^glo on every button, and both him- self and the drn-er have their hats set off with a gold band and « colk- .de or rosette^formed of the Aearance and maniifirs are those of a refintnl and courteous gentlemaji. The Prince de Joinville is, as almost everybody knows, quije a sailor, and I startjed all England ^y a pamphlet which he wrote some years ago ahowing t^e defenceless state of her coasts, and the case with which an efaemy could' bo thrown upon hor shores. .He inspected every p»rt of the "ship, under the guidance of Lieut. G|»st, who was at the time the senior oflBc(!r on bo^l-d. The en^nc room%ttracte(f l^ia great- est attention, and the rnimitenefes with which he examined int'i all the dotailfrr— the throttles, the cut-off, and all those mysterious parts, which are knowti only to the initiated — shcftvcd that ho was thoroughly con- versant witli the whole subject, ^ho model of the ship particularly ex- cited his admiration, and he was much pleased with ker general appear- ance. He appeared to be thoroiighly posted in regard to the particular duty on ¥ hich slie was' detailed, ^d expressed his opinion prefty freely upon the iatare«nd character of the enterprise. , It was his iBliuf rhat the cable should be l^hter than it ii, and that" the outer covoriijg or wire armijr should bt dispensed wilh. The stt-cugth which it rcoeivcJ from this was, according to his iobas, n(^ sufficient to comp^'*te fur.. the disadvant^ige arising from tJie gr^Uy increased weight. He ac- knowledged that, by making the \im without tht; wire armor it J^ght becomes too buoyant ; but ht^ thouglit this difficaity might be reinovif by attaching some soluble material to it sufficiently heavy to j?iuk it to the bottom, jwhere the cable would remain even after the material itself , should h*ve been removed by the action of the water, Ihe Prince had more td fifcy on all subjects than any other of /tho'party* ■ ' The Due d'Aumale appearn to be some fcfar or Ato years tiw junior of the Prince de Joinville, aiad does not ev^ look suffitiently like him to be of (the nanie ffanily. His hair is of a 'li|lit red color.,*fi'j 173 THE OCEAN TELEOIOPH. HX. ' t. ..■r telow the medium height, and are very anassumfng and courteous 'in their manners. They are all free from that hauteur and reserve which are supposed to be the peculiar attribute of royalty, and are as c''ordial as frank, and as sociable as the mo.st unpretending republican conid be. ^ On leaving tUc ship they expressed theraselvea much preased with all' , they had seen, thanked^ Mr. Guest again and again for his kindnef-s, shook hm. warmly by the hand at parting, and expressed their hope in the success of the expedition. ' •' ' INSPECTION OF THE PAYmO-OUT MACHINE. In the factory of Messrs. Easton & Am*, GraveJ Lane, London. Mr. Everett was daily fipd nightly engaged in amending to the construe tio,: of the paying-out machinerj*; and when at last after weeks of un- «• remitting labor it was ready for iuspection, iuvrtations were sent to the following gentlemen : (Captain ihiAmu, of the Niagara ; Capt. Ge»rgo W Preedy of the Agamemnon ; Cap. J. Dayman, of the Gorgon ; Mr. Joshua Follansbee, Chief Engineer of the Niagara; Mr. Faron, V.Uu-f EnLnnrer and Mr. McEllwell, Assistant Engineer of do ; Mr Iloare, Chief En' gineer of the Agamemnon; Mr. Mooro, Assistant Knginecr of do • Mr. Morns, Mr. Samuel Canning, PL Oliiford, IL Woodhougc, Mr Bru-' nel^J. S Gilliatt, Kev W. Mitchell, Messrs. C. & J. Jolmson, Mr. J Bo^cr, ^apt Nolloth, R. N.. Mr. C. W. Tafling, Mr. Kiddle, Mr. H. Stephenson, Mr. W. Brown, M. P ; Prof Thompson, Mr. Gumey, M P • Rev. 0. C^ Schwabe, Mr. Pickering,, Mr. P.nder, Mr. Peabodyi Mr. Logie, Mr. Le Breton, Messrs. Lampson, Johnston, Hornby Har- rison and Dugdale. ' . • The majority of these gentlemen were present, and among them Mr Brtael, who has gained such a world-wide reputation as an engineer' and who 18 one of the greatest scientific men of the day. Mr Brunei is the son of the constructor of the Thames Tunnel, and is the architect of that eighth wonder df the world, the Leviathan. He is about forty years "f ag,.. of a plain, good-natured and most propossessing ex- terior, Like all true men of genias, Mr. Brunei ia a modest and an- assuming man, and is what might be called the beau ideal of a mechauiO. Amoftg the convocation of scientific pien who a«setabled yes- terday to examine and paas their verdict opon the machinery, he was the least conspionous in personal appearance, and certainly the very last wha.would have been selected as the great English engineer. Ho was accompanied; by Ms son, a perfect fac simil» of himself, having how- . ever, the advantage of being a couple of iilchw taller. The two were the most dftm^oonitic in their manner, in their dress, and in their Ken- erat appe*«flice,^f those present. Mr. Everett explained the prinoiplea -^* ■ THE SECOND ATLANTIC EXPEDITION. V 173 and details of the machine to them both, after which the father and son had a little quiet tour of inspection to themsglves. Mr. Brunei expi'ess- ed himself much pleased with the whole affair, and was confident of its successful operation. The machine was running during the whole day, and JOSHUA FOLLANSBKE, Chief Engineer United States Navy. Mb. Qio. Saward, Bicritabt to Atlantic Tileobafb Co., No. 22 Old Broad Street. ^ f'^174 THE OCEAJST TKLEPBAPH. Atlahtic Temobapb Compint .22 Old Broad Street, London; ' f' / \ . ^m v^iu uroKd oirect, iiondon, „ Engineer s Department, April 24, 1868. To THB DlRECTORB OT THIC AtLAHTIC TkLKORAPH Co • been erected at th. works of MesBr SlTAmrtteS '"I.-? lave been made with tfiis durino. ♦»,« UaVf f f f® *^**" *^''* CHARLES T. B^IOUT, Engineer. Prornl?' ^'' ''" ^'^.^^"^g^^ i° t''" conHtruction of his machinery'. ;^!ff^l Vf ^^P'^"'"^°t'«g ^it»^ ti« printing telegraph, on the adan^den to ten words , ^>inute under the m^ favorable eleotnoal contlitions of the line. Every preparation was made to hasten the departure of the T6le««i»h Squadron on the trial trip, which it was deoidedluld take jSZ Bay of Biscay, and by the 29th of May the vessels were re^^C^ readers a detailed description of the vessels ccimposing the gauadron the mechanical and other arrangements which hile^ made for Te fubXr ' '''*'"'^^— -^YP-P^r understanding of 1 THE TELEGRAPH,a«tIIDRON. ^e vessels composing the Squadi^on were the U. 8. frig.1 HiM«^ ■ H. M. steamers Agamemnot. Goigpn, Valorous, and PorTpine. Tt ^ descnption of the Niagara L U given j, tie nar^tiroT^ ti expedition, it is merely necessary to mention her mime. \. N.Jt „^^""°'''! " «"« -^ *»«« l**"'* line.of-battle shi|M in the Britd^ STfi^tLrrrr" '""'*''•• ^-^thbetween'^^.pendiauX^ ^60 feet, breadth of beam, SSf Mid ji«,th of hold m feat -nl »P both ftOO horse power. Her force at pre«mt numbers .fc,ut 460 b^ter full complement, when on a w^ footing, i. over 600. 7lm armament consists of 91 guns, of which 84 »re 8 inoh .heU ^nTl W V / ■■• THE 8B00NX)' ATI-AUTIC EXPKDITIOK. in I \ lower deck, 14 on her spar deck, 32 pounders, and 36 on her main deck aro also 8 inch. In addition to those, she carries on the forecastle nix 32 pounders, and one heavy gun of 9,550 poundu, for throwing 8 inch solid shot. All the guna are made for firing bIicIIs. The Agumemuon was J^unched at Woolwich in the jear 1852, and is said to he- one of the fastest of the screw vessels of the British fleet, ller engines are known as the trunk, with horizontal cylinders, and their nomuial h»rhc power w capable of being worked up to 1,800. The motive force ik supplied by four tubular boilers, which are made to resist a pressure of Impounds to the square in?h. There are five furnaces under eaih o^ these, and the whole machinery is two and a half feet below the water line. The boil- ers, in addition to this, are protected from shot by the coal hunkers. As the engines and firerooms are nearer than u.^ual to the Ptf^i, it accounts for the fihorttiess ot the -haft, which is sixty feet less than thab-Sjf thfe Niagara-. Its diameter i.s thirteen inches,, and length forty feet, wUile the propeller is about eighteen feet in diameter, with a pitch of ^JJicnty feet six inches. Its weight re eight tons, excliisive of the gearjng, and it is made of a composition called gun metal. The number of revolu- tions at the highest speed is fifty-four to thje minute^iind rate with a . consumption of fifty tons of coal a day froi^ioo to ten miles per hour. The Agamemnon was Sir E. (now Lord) Lyfo's flag ship, .and tool| a ,partinthc a^ault on Sebastopol on th(^l 7th of October, 1855, from which she retired considerably damaged. On that occasion she approached within seven or eight hundred yards of the place, from which she retired with three or four of her ports knocked into one, several of hei' spars splintered, and w^th considerable other danjage. To fithei^fot the work in which she is nww employl^d, all her guns have been removed, and she has had frigate masts put in her. The.follewing is a correct list of her officers, those with the asterisk prefixed having ^rved on the last expe- dition: Captab, George W. Pree her spar deck; apd -I *'-'" s^'p, . 176 THE OCEAN TBXEOBAPH. I' her engines are 320 horso power. She accompanied the Niagara .a an' escort .n the place .f the United States ^^ frigate SusquehaZ „" X t^8 on account of the yeUo^ fever having broken oat on board of Tef whde .n the West Indies. The following is a li«t of the offioelof 1 Gorgon: Commander Joseph il)ayn,an; senior lieutenant J B Micbell; lieutenant, J. B. Butler; master and pilot, C Albert r,J.' -aster, A. F. M. Roberts; surgeon, II. Oimlette f chi f en^ eer k 'e ' Home; clerk, Charles Wm. King; first assistant ngineer^WPifche^ • second assistant engineer. J. Spinks; third assistant'engi^eer P Ri 1 rnond; boat^wau^If. Blake; carpenter, John Ilarcus; gSnct B Howe third assistants, R. Dillon, P. Baldwin ' rii^rT vT"' ^"°"P'°' '''''' "^ the- smallest class 6f SSa?" m the English navy, and was built in 1844 for surveying pu^- Her engines are 182 horse power, and her iheasurement is 382 e wiU also accompany the Niagara as a leading vessel to steer ^ the Gorgon will be employed when necessary only in towing ' I m the ev^nt of any accident happening to the Niagara. The ^g '«''J'''t«f the Porcupine's officers: Captain, HenrvC Otter Cr FrtieP mT '''^''' ^- ''^^''-^ -ter TOZm'sta^'ntn;' surgeon Francis McAree; second master, George StanL paymaster in charge, Edmund B. Walker comp?nicd ThTA' ^^''"°" ^'V'*^ ''''''' ">' '"^^ ^-P-''- -^ch ac- companied the Agamemnon on the expedition of 1857 as her escort . She . t,d to be on« of the finest side wheel steamers" the Br Ush navy, and carries an armament of sixteen mrns uJvL • q«W„, J. Broach, J. Sooit, H. Walter, Eobt QaSl^ """^ THE KNOINEERIKa AKD ELECTRICAL CORPS. in regard to i^ ekcU^enrand the w^^^^^^ ^"' ""*'' ^ "" ^'""P'^^* ner that theCaehineTeS atn? m^ ^ ^'^"^ '^ -*- :j r,fi/^;:**S'.*':i '.'"' Tire BEOOND ATLANTIC EXPRPITION. 177 Josbua FoUaubbee, the chief engineer ' <^ rv ^*^?5 ^^ 'O 23 WEST MAIN STRtET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (7t«) 872-4503 •^ '^ > ^ 4 ^. L^ ^Wa r 1 }} • r I ^^*|- rfe " i\ ^ 'I-':'; it 178 THOC OOBAH TELEOKAPH. ^ ^ -4— The csbia payeK •«-P««a»ge oatakla of the cMt. <5-BoU«r oTer wUoh tt* eabla ^W on the onintOge vt th«oi>oa«, or circle, and approaches nearar to the cone as each round w laid, unta the oone is &Mdly waohed. Thus the ilrit flake w l*id, and flake suooeeds flake till the coil is finished— tiiat Is, till it is carried as near the heatoB of the deck as possible— ontil, in feet, the space be- tween the top of the coil and the deck beams is iafliffioient to allow the continuance of the lU Height. On the Ninpni . fotoe of one lundnd ud t,.nto ikk o«», 11 18 seued by another who run^ around the circle with u T -! P ■***"' '"'* oomfequentlj less liabiUtv to lrin«— ^^ «^ flake are placed thin lalSke b/^-"' ' Y^ ► ''Hi THB onoxp Aixjurno expedition. m ■ 1 «f lUaai^ whilfl the umataat follows close upon the heels of the pajer, m4 sees that the men pftck the eable closely. The payer himself is one nC the eoilera, each ooiler taking his torn of hauling down and trottiiog Muad the dreiu ereiy twenty minutes or half an hour, by which time it . w, fajiKMed his arms will be pretty well tired. From two to two inil«i and a half of eable is coiled in an hour, and from fifty to sixty miles, .«l»a the men are obliged to work night aad day. The kneeling posi- tion in which the ooilers are placed would seep to indicate that they are ^gaged in devotional exercises, but they are supposed to be resting just ift this particular time, having been seated, ibr some two hours bdfoi^ thjBjohuged their posture. Each operative is provided with a seat of the- most primitive description — sometimes a plain block of wood hollow- ed at the to^ so as to form a fitting receptacle for that part of the cor- jpoceal system which is to be deposited thereon. Others are less prim* itive, and oocasiooally assume the form of a stool of the most lowly dimen- jdons, that the coiler may not be obliged to stoop too much. But- after aU| there is very little stoopiiig, as each man is obliged to bend but once eveiy time the payer goed round the circus. The work is not therefore very heavy, and the ooilers make it more a labor at pleasure than any thing else: They are dressed in a regular uniform of duck, whiqh is in glaring ocmtrast with the tarred cable, the frequent contact with which do^ W>\ tend to improve its color. As their hands are not- exactly in that state of cleanliness m which a man would sit down to dinner, and as tJt^e, tar nu^es them somewhat sticky, they are supplied with oil^to lubri- .4fito th«& about oboe every two hours. ^t'% , J. Those same cable ooilers were wonderful fellows — as ''wonderful in- 4Md as tiiose who performed the work last year while the Niagara lay ^ tibs Mersey, and are therdore as deserving of as much attention. ..j^M oaUe oirole«(,too, were the soen^ of .performances as mtereating M •xtraerdinary, and as amusing as before. I know there are sceptics ,;f If^jri^ 90»pt at nxfK w assertion, and who im^^^ that where there is jplWMhiMrtlljsi* caii.be Uttie niwneaning blank. So muoh for the soeptios, and jl|Q|ir for the silpits and soenea among the cable men. . oij; ThA wardroon^ eireiui is iiituated, o|i the main or hirtfa deck, and ip 4pn(lirallj #n »«J»lf He room i. *~.o»..-^z::?::::";t„7err.r:!ziT"" "esBion of the circus and beiran their wn^lr .^.^J^^'^'^ t^k P<»- . Bubetituteforthe pene?tr£ . I'^^** hand is employed „ tarred palm of the leH^w^allTht; ' T^""' "^^^ *^« ^- fecilitieTas these v^T^^^ «»e purposes of a palette. With such ♦»..♦ - T I"®"°* yw" "oold be astonished at the b«w »n«J— that are erorv day created with:. ♦!.„ • * ** irondOTs Some of the artfat^Zrj?r' i «r^fe««ce of the cable oi««a. .mature, ^ iieZ^Z^ 1"" ''^''fl'' ^^"*"*'«»' o^ -"'"•to* :forms;fanlm;rirrihcS'^",f,*^'''^**'**''*^ *"»« »^ other ^ieroranyofti:'-;:^-^,^"'^^^^^^^^^^ ^ p™ witl, tom-«te, -wkow belbgerent eharaoter is indie.t«l by Z . i THB BBOOKD ATliAMTIO EXPEDITION. 181 swelled tail and niaed back,^in&llible proofe of felme anti^iiiam. Then there are fat porkers that would gladdeu the heart of a Giaeiiiiiati dealer to look at, and sheep with tails of the most remarkable dimensions. ,One portion of the cireos is d^Yot«d exclusively to a grotesque procesaioJi of ani- mals of every oonoeivable and inconceivable description, suppe8e4*dirirto» the maroh to some invisible Noah's ark. Fishes are to be seen out of their element, and apparently on the most sociable and companionable terms with the feathered denizens of the air. But the fancies of art do not stop here. They seek otiher fields for their flights, and illustrate the achievements of the champions of the ring, and the prowess of that enlightened portion of the oommnnity who patronize and maintain the manly art of self-defence. Prize fights are quite numerous on the boarded wall, and by way of variety, and to satisfy those vhose reined natures and nice ideas revolt at such a vulgar way of settling private disputes or claims to personal superiority, duels with swords and pistols are als^llustrated. The pugilists are in a large majority, however, and their tremendous muscular developmfhts as compared with the skeleton-like fi)rms of the duelists, would seepi to convey the idea that their peculiar profession is good for the health.^ Nowirom all this there is but one conclusion to be drawn — that a cable circus ia-a remarkable promoter for the develop- ment of genius. But after all, the ooilers have not much time to devote to works of art, and perhaps^to this fact may be attributed the difficulty whioh the spectator sometimes finds in making out the exact charaoter of the object intended |o be represented. Oooasionally a horse is mistaken for a dog, and were it not for the indispensable trunk the ele- phant might not be recognised at once. As for the pigs, sheep, and oowB, it must be confessed that nature is not exactly copied, and thM the aberrations of genius roam unrestricted through such extended fields of £uicy, that it is impossible for ordbar; minds to follow. No matter how much eritdss, however, may differ in regard to the quality or the- truthfulness of these works of art, they must agree in one thing, that oable eoiling is not the disagreeable occupation which some suppose, and that the oable ooUers are as jelly, as pleasant, as jovial, as witty, and as humorous a set of fellows as were ever gathered together. While they ooil flake after flake and layer after layer, they are as meny as the day is Ioai|^ that if, in midsummer ttt thereabouts, when the day is longest, whieh makes all tlie difference in tJie world, so &1' aa the force of the ooaqtariaon is oon^dered. Unpleasant work 1 Why, there never was wor\ whioh was performed with greater alacrity and willingness. So eager Wtte the moa in regard to it, and so willing were they to ofisr their services, that when the demand was made for volunteers', the wKole ahip's crew «ame forward, and some diffioolty was found in the aelaotion .11 ; -1: '4. y ■ ]■ I'' •"<■*''';' i-^-is: Jff>. V v. 182 THK OCEAN TELBOKAPn. ,# i1 P when thej commenced. EachZ tooTevV '^^ *"^ ^'«°™'" " ' new conandrums, new Joe MHleSn? J ^ \*? ^^^ Joke., new yan», in the jocular and h JoToas nrSo"! ^j'"'' '"'^^^ '^'^^^ «^ that an old joke « scouJd a with fnd T^ "' '^'^«° *'»« P«i^ •everel, centred for thratlTj^^T ?' '"' '''' JoierlLel ,^ good natnre of his hearers AJItl,!^ ^ °""*' '' ^^'^ '^ *!>« ' pleasant scene, the «.:" ocfa/ffa Z ^J^f *'X^«<^ h the same c.ro,e, #e have, i„ fact, describedTbnt L T ""'' *''"'''"• °°^ difference in that which is now CJ'fillL r\"? ^""^ P°^«*- <>' oncetoit.a,.,,,,,,j^^XrtleJ!^," tie l^old . brief refer- tlated.and an attempt ^ttcruw^th^'^^^^ " general!, attended withTpen j^r ' P ^^^ •nd leg., or who are at all S^J Tt'^AT.''''' ^''' '^''^ '^^ the.„pper regions, should av'ff b' I^b. th ' " ''" '""""^ ^"^ ' LeaWng the wardroom coil behbd L T *. ^^ '^'^''"' "^ * g°ide. pa«. the engine hatch oHhe -^ft 2 Z ^\^-?"^ °° '^' """^^^k, master's, the purser's, and ^ f^i*' .t'^ ! f^^'^^' the saiUng further, we reach the fort^IiX?! -^ l'?'*" ^"^^^ on still . . last filled «P,anawhichnow";wrn''^^^^^ ^ ^°« '^^ t*"- P-f »«« on either side is the only meLsT ^ ^"^'^ "P" ^ '»»"<"' ' «hip, where the choking frr the L^^ i'*''*" *° *^* ^'^^ P^^ <^ ^o and the odor from whifh lu^J^J^; VJ^^"' »■»<» -» « <»rried on, teresting performance is being 11^1 bT^? P^'"^* *« * "'««' '»' tbat is, to the coil, is the ea^l pa^Uf thf ^*^ "^ *** *^" ^^' b" yet to be encountered ^ *'* Pa««go-the most diffioui; It looks dark and glootny, oonZl^l^^ 'J'"^ ''*' "^^ "^° <^*««nd. np this deck, and L oI^Zl^TSll" f^ ^''^'^''' ^^"^ ««l>ts bj which it is faint,, iZ^JTry^Z^: ''''l '' «*^ ^^^^^ darkness still more risible 1W„T A *" °"*« /be prevailing do^ through the cent^f "^rc^^t ,t t/ «' ^ -T deck, down- into the circle of the ^U ♦ . '! "^"'^ °» **« "''op ori-g to get . gUn«,, oomL t« . '''"?'• '^^ *" °«^ »deav with which I wni. «d n is ha«2* r '^*'' ^'-^^ " «»« ink flake- by the thirtj men who siraroT ^ ^"^' " ^ P^*^ "^^ in - 7., X "S''\s.'>. to. 184 TtiK OCKAjr TKLBOBAPU. ^'1 -y a^^aW li"r? 1"'"" ^''^^ '""* P'-'^P^^'""' -^ - --'ding f a Bcalo of tj^entj-fiTo fii^et to an inch : ^ The base of the coil in the Iiold, it will be perceived, is i-not 80 regular and doea not I cover 80 much sp^oo as that of Any of the others, on account of the oonBtmotion of this part of the riiip. The height from the floor to the deck above affords a large space for the coiling of the cable, and a ™°°'* greater length is there- Mono!.orTHB»rA8A«»,„o'wn.oVH,»ToWo.of *"" P'***'^ ^®'"®- This may ble of co[r'Th«'r"'r'™"T ^ ^'^^ ^y referon^ to the ta, ror2tthan7i::£e::b:d^r^^^^^^ -^- ry to call attention to the fact. ^' * '' "* "'"^^ ^««"- THE CABLK CIRCUS. THE CONK AND FAIR.LEADER8 ' «^n these two essentiLU.. a/dry^r^lT^i^S: ne lir "T"^r"^'^^""*^*''« -»-- of the^nte™:^' 2:i::r'af?;:L^^er ro;sr -^^^. --^r^ far from being wWt u regmdsd .. m eloiiBitel ™,o Tl ! ' »f . prop» r«eptel. f„,'a„, ^j, ,„ .wtl«L !f l^^f™ a»d «o ino„.,ide„bI. .„„„„, of l.b!J »T«„Td!3 jj "°f *■""' -tbor ^d .„ ,.„ e«n«ri^.to, to U Tu^ed to totL'u from k..k.ng, « ,i ,„ ^*„a fa,„ ^. ^^ „, ^^f7j; THE BBOOND ATLANTIC KXrEDHION. 185 simple aa the arrangemente to secure those ends may appear, they did not reach their present state of perfection till the work of laying the Atlantic cable waa entered upon. In the followii^ engraving is pre- sented a correct representation of the circus, the eono and the fair- leadora: 1 THE OABU niBCVS, THX COHC A^KD rAIR-I.XADEIU. 0— Lcrge Iron Hnga for fair-leaders and to prevent kinking. i»— Oonc. o—PalleTK « Ith ln>n triclni; lines fur raising (air-leaders. D — Portfiin of none colled. .f^Qatcbwsy with the cablo going op. The circus is enclosed to a height of four or five feet, or as high as the coil rises — the enclosure being made of ordinary uprights or stanoheous and rough boards. The floor i.s pvcrlaid with common plank- bg, upon 'which is placed a covering of zinc, for the protection of the de«k, vfaioh vould otherwise be stained by the tar with which the cable ifl. saturated. The cone, which occupies the centre of the circus and coil, and is made of oak or some other hard wood, range ^, according to oiroumstancoH, from seven to nine feet in diameter at .he base, and from three to five at the top. The particular part it is required to per- form is to prevent the cable from becoming entangled in the centre of the circle, And to secure it a safe passage through the hatchway. The large irdto rings, or fair-leaders, which encircle the cone, are intended to {n^veni the cable from kinking m it is unwound. The cable passes under these, and up between them and the cd^e, and in this way any tendenoy which it might have |o kink is removed. The fair-leaders arc secured by wire rope to the be^s, and are capable of being lowered by means of pulleys, aa the cable is reduced in paying out The operative, who is represented in the act of lowering one of thei fair-loaders by means If 'N %• -.* 186 THE OCEAN TKLBQBAPH. •:.J I .iff I; Of the ^ire rope stands in a narrow parage, between the outer plankinir of tbo ciroufl and the side of the ship. P«n«uig THE COJLS. kTC . ON THE AQAMEMNGX. ,^c,rei3 perhaps no ve4l i„ U,e British navy better adapted for the co.l.ng aud paying out ff thcf eable than the A^ei^^J „ mssnen-ss and groat strong h, as well as the pee^Jaf r^Z: wb o'h Dart of th« «aKl« t^o| whole 1,250 miles which constituted her part ot the cable were coiled in the forwarrl hnl^ »„j •. i- , then that she was " hn.^T-.- k u u ^ ^ "^'^ ^""^ «''cul«ted n.} f 1 7^ ^ • ' *^'"^' ^^""^ translated into common Fn„ J he proportions of the ship, as civen in tI,P fnll.-- preserved as exactly and accurate vTu ^«"«»">« engraving, are being ft.rty.six feet to an hch Th.^, , ^T^^' to do «,, the scale ^.t.e .rU Of %:L?betw!rj:frs^i::::^^^^^ chmery, stores, and cLl bcinir in fhn „ft •"" niain masts, the ma- keel, and thus prej^ tha fea^^^^^^^^ £ ^o n Z '" ." ^ "" she has to perform ^ith 6mT ^ 1 » , ne<*ssarj in the work .theAgameLonLw!lttt;l:n1e:^^ line almost to a level with the caWe guTd tleht !T'* *'^ ''''^'■ accurate idea may be formed of Z ... *** *^^ ''*«™' ^^ from the several Cs Wei. .''ff "* '''''"'' *^° '^''l^ »«« P*id out by the letter A ^:i L^ ^^ 7 tin ST^ /'^ ^"" '"^'^^^^^ hold coil C beirg the lasirea^!!? a 1 ?***"* "*'* ^ ««^«'. »»«» coils and U.e paLtourLTn / ^ ^' '"'*"'^ '^*'««- "^l «>• illers These rovers Let:\rCaaTrino^^ ^^ ^^ height of six or seven f^»f .v^ .l , ? ° * fr»™«work to the caUe is delivered lil^^^^^^^ ^.f^^ '' «»« »P- deck. After th. which is secured by Lge ,Zn"L """ '"u "'^ ^''^ *heel(i), This wheel, or sheaTettTt r'"" T '^' "**"' '^^ *^« ««?• diameter, aid hrriLVr*T '""^' " •^°* ^^^ f««* ^ was of c uri^"htefe^7: n " "?'' "^"P; ^ **'« '«^P"* "^ *l»« -^P theafte^arri^XitrdT::':^ coal and by the removal of ."e ship^l^^h '^h " T?'" **' preserved uutil the whole work waToomp L '^'^'^"'*°* ""^ ^ •wt THK flECOm) 4nJU.TI0 KXPEDrnON. ^ V After the first ooil, A, is ex- haaated, the lln6 is taken from ii the coil^B, through the hatohes of the spar, main, and berth decks, ita^oourse being regulated , bj the iron rings or feir-leaders throtigh which it pusses, and which prevent its ; surging. These fiiir-leaders are different from those represented in an- s other engraring in thus being fastened to the hatches, and cannot of course bo raised or lowered. The part of the il- lustration representing the pay- ipg-out machine is necesBarilj on such a limited scale as to render any attempt to give the detail altogether impossible. It is, however, illustrated in an- other part of this work, and ^U be found, with a full de- «K)riptiTHlt COILS, ETC., ON THl NUGA&A. The subjoiaed engraving is intended to show the internal arrangements and apparatus for the coiling and paying out of the oable, and may be regarded aa substantially aoonrate^.its de- tafls. At fint view Shere ap. pears to be very slight differ- eno* between Uie two cable ships, but it wUl be seen that the' Bomber of ooila on board the Niagara ia about doable the 187 3 S ii 1! il II II Is I number on the Agamemnon, and that the coil in the hold of the fOTOW M not so krge as that in the hold of the latter by several imodwd nules. The strain on this part of the Niagara, therefore, was not 1 / V ^ I; L . hi ''''M€2Y''''^-f mi tit, 'IM 'i'kj :<: H. ' i ii fiii ih r; li ' ii 188 «^ . * • ^ THB OCKAir BLBQBAPa. .t^i ji'':: ""^j" «» fc« «* *. in^x^s^i^ "-chine w« fl^ « near the W„ ~LZ^^lt^K ^^* oes. of paying ont; the aheare. were ee^LS^lM ^^ ?"* ^"^ Btrong wooden beams. **"««»«<* •»! Md in their plaoea bj THB CABLE 6uABDa Among the preoautioM which we*w t&V«> ♦« . , , .cable is that of the .tern J^s wUeW ,^""1*"* '^"^ **» '^•- each of the ahipa. Th^J^l . ''" P^^*** «^" '''•^»«"w of tact with the -oVb^ljrlTi.Tjri^" ""^^ ^ ~- woold be Broken. In IsSthTwL ^ °*^*' *** ^^ *^« *"« i-n bpra, which it J:12^%::S :^*?'^-»«™ wiUi.^^ ^aneeofthe water when r:l7:L ^^^/'C^* ^' "^ proM«n,jrexperieno6 to be a fcll.i,}n„ -7 ^' ; ' **<'»«Te'» »«• V TllM »"~i<»M»A»^ -ewal olkthe ban having ' ^S^^SSHiai---—,.^ yielded and broke ander the prearore. In fthechain.bywhici.i,^j;lS"^C^^^ . < -» J ;*■■;■ m the'affMii put of the In the Item, « aod iUr- irt of H on laaes, which h were the rganomber la, and the uiapporti I made the ied in one one, which top. The A the pro- pUoeebj M y N /r - -J ,- ,.:: ■( ^ to the. "^srew of £ in oon- the oable th strong )r reeiit- iTer, wu I having ider the of this ided OA Fie -of Mmreir [ whieb m th« » ot^ . jioe at give a whioh *'•- y ^ •u means wdbj -.jy n0: SI, \ f.ll i Mi l.»ii.» .i T^n^^ mrnms ?E^i,'v*-S3v^'W"^ ,-Vi-;;K^*;- l Un i TI I I II i J« » «JL.J ■ V ■■^'^- *i'^->y.-.''".^v'^-v-"'".- ' '-/; "f ",;'■/■" THB SBOOWD ATLAJSTIO EXrEDITIOK. 189 a Btrong bma plate, which was fartened to the side of the ship with twelve copper boltB. The advantage of this movable guard will be readily appreciated. It codd be raised to such a height when necessary as to entirely dear it from the water. Then it was intended, that if icebergs or other obatructions should render it necessary to back the ship, the guard should be immediately lowered, and lowered to such a depth as to prevent the cable being iigured or broken by the screw. The length of the guard fh)m the hinge (6) to the outer line (d) is 27 feet, and its greatest diameter athwart ships is 22 feet 6 inches. When hauled up, the extreme end (d) cleared the rudder-iron (o) about two feet The stern sheave (c) over which the cable ran m its course before it reJfehed the water was about fou* and a-half feet in diameter, and the groove at least five. inches deep. A guard kept the cable from Surging and workiilg out of the groove. The Agamemnon, as may be seen from the following illustration, is provided with a guard similar to that on tiie Niagara. A passage was left on eiHier side of the. wheel, to rend^it accessible when necessary, and this was ren- dered secure and safe by strong wooden railings, strengthened by iron up- rights, the whole resting or oonstracted upon two mas- sive beams, which ran in on the deck of the ship, where they were firmly attached. The following engraving presents th«stem sheave or whed on a more enlarged •VABS or TBI AOAioaaiox. It wis intended to put a eage around the propeller, like that whieh was attached to the Niagara In 1857, but the lireftNnoe was given to a movable guard, so that in this (J hi if i 'i St: 190 THE OCEAN TELKOBAPH. . t Jl^' V^ w THE MACHINE THAT LAID THE CABLE, CONSTRCTCTED BY MB. W. 1. BVEROTT, Afl the success of the enterprise depended mainly npon the constrnc tion of the paying-out machinery, and its adaptability to the work it waa intended for, a detailed description of its various parts becomes necessary to a perfect understanding of the subject. To render the matter more easy of comprehension, we have presented in the aocom- panymg illustrations not only the prombent features, but the minor de- tells of the machine. Before proceeding, however, to the description. we wish to make a few preliminary remarks, for the purpose of showing the nature of the work which it has to perform. It is n^dless, almoeT to state that the machine used on the expedition of 1857, was so imper- fect that It caused the parting of the cable. That fact has been eslab, hshed beyond dispute but it may not be generally understood that the prmcip^ defect in the machine was in the form of brake used. The' object of a brake is to counteract or 4imini8h the speed of the wheels by which surround th. periphery of the brake wheel, and inside of which or diminished the sheaves round which the cable passes, and which are rapidity. This, then is the object of the brake; but the brake to be fitted for this particular work must be self-releasing, «, that after reach^ ing the required pr^sure it cannot exceed it. It was the entire want «pedition, that rendered it not only useless, but fatal to its success. Z the co^truction of the m.d.i,.ery which was put on board the A^e^ non and xViagara, and which was designed by and made undTtre direction and supervision of Mr. W. E. Everett, this point redivad P^icular attention. In the first place the machiie subLes twTZ^ Ij^e^it IS both winding in and paying oui^while two separrtl^2 t was not so cumbe«ome, being about one-fourth the weight: and iSt^ third place It occupied much less sf^. But the mostlm^o^rf^ ^ M ^l 'u "^ '*^ "''«* distinguished, is the seT^^j^ rtTS J^" ''"^'' ""^ '^' """^ ereater ease with which it ZS regukted a«d controUcd. Of the U.^ number of engbecrs who w,V Bcssed rt m operat^^n, not one expressed an unfavorable opinion chin! .1 t *".* • '^*"*^° ^ '"^^ to give • rear view of the n*. kave. the sheaves or four grooved wheels (c e), which are but partially •een, and the ol^iefit of the dynamometer. P"»«Mjr / ^ -' —^"•^-•■Ji— " . Jvfc.,*«»S I^Kl(!(.<.*«*«» THB SEOOND ATLAKTIO .EXFEDITION / The first glance at this engraving mil show at once the great difference in the form of the mitdune, as com- pared with that tued before. While the old paying-out concern eonsiated of fonr, this has only two wheels, each of which has four groores, the grooves being each four and a half inches deep, The surging of the cable out of the shallow grooves that marked the periphe- ry of the former machine proved the necesfflty of making these nearly twice as deep. This is one of the lessons that was gained by experience and judgment The dy- namometer Is in- tended not only to show the strain upon -the cable, but also to teleaso the cable from that strain thonld tJie self- releasing brakes through any acci- dent hare been nn- ftble to perform their "^art. liieironfhtme- work, on whi.,.<„-.. 'p^ 194 TUB OCEAN TELKORAPH. ■'■■ I' i ' ' m Iff! iff;- I The periphery (A) of the brake wheel is twelve inches wide, and the whole, with- out the brake fixtnres, ia somewhat more thau four feet in di- ameter. The shafts, as may be seen, are of *!l^l a curved fonn, aad th6 Si > . B a vhecl is made of cast iron. On the peri- •-coa V^^U "" *^« ^1™ ^|lT| blocks {d d), which g^llao are bound togtither 2 Su^l^ by a strong strap or s Te .9 9 band of iron (c). The I f g§|3 blocks are secured by " i^sIS inoftns of screws, the heads of which can be seen above the strap. 3*8? 6 The two ends of this £|||g strap, or band, are S-2^-S attached to the leyer •«a^|l is), which is held by t-|^Bc *^® stirrup or socket l^lli ('•)• ^^« tightening « e|^ I of the strap, and the Tflfe55 consequent compresa- ^IjJ ^^ ing of the elm blocks "^51 g "Pon the periphery •^liaf of the brake wheel causes it to revolve more slowly, and pro- duces the same effect upop the sheave wheel over which the cable is passing But while the brake wheel revolves the brake blocks are of course stationary, moving only sufficient for the purpose of compressing or releasing the brake wheel. The tightening or compressing is effected by increasing the weights on the piston, which can be raiwed to two tooa if neoeesary. Th«re are foot brakes to the machinery, so that by put- ting ten bundred poinds on eafeh piston the pressure can be increased to four thousand. Now as this weight is increased on the pistons,' the pi»- ,',i? •^^Mw?^^ t-'j/jri.-iii! I'jS*, THK BBCOND ATIAimc EXPEDITION. 196 ■aowni« TH« AonoH oh noi beaxb. (otw partiaUy dosoend into the cylinder, pulling down to a proportionate degree the rod (h), which tightens the brake band (c cf, thus producing the rcqairisd strain npon the cable, which strain is indicated upon the ' aeal4 of the dynamoineter. As the shaft is drawn over to the right by the increase of weights npon the piston, the lever is actod upon as illus- trated in the following : ^ The engraving is intended to rbpre- seOl the brake strap, the lever, and the atirmp. If yon desire to oomprcss by redueing the oircnmference of the strap (which is shown here without the elm blole process and easily under- stood. As yon pull on the lever (c) you draw upon the two ends (6 and a) of th^ brake strap, but the distance travelled by b and a at the same time is not equal, and in this consists the principle of the tightening or compres- ston. The end a being nearest the centre dod^ not of coarse move over so raoeh space as b, which is on'the circumference, so that when the lever ia moved, th« end 6, by travellbg further than a, tightens the strap. Bat in the engraving of " the brake wheel and its conneotions,'* the rod (h) which ia attached to the brake strap at s, performs this part of the operation — Uiat is, the tightening of the brake strap. The junotion of the ends of the strap at the lever (g) is on the Mme principle as (hat #e have illnatisted. As the rod is drawn to the right by the increase of weights en the piston, the same action is produced on the brake band as if the lever were used. The ends of the strap travel unequal dis- tances, as has been shown, the outer one .going over more space. The end of the lever ia held in Uie stirrup or aooket, against whi6h it is polled oloaer by the action of the rod (h) upon the straps. The action •«t the chain (A m) and wheel (n) is explained in the description of the dynamometer. When the brakes do not release themselves from the pressore of th« weigfata on the piston rod, and exceed that pressure-^ ilinch as to endanger die safety of the cable, the man at the dynamome- ter by a torn of the wheel raises the weights, and thus relieves the brskea. The rods (« «) are intended to relieve tiie upper part of frie- tioa stwp of weij^t of lower part; The following subjoined front view of paying-out machine is designed to shOTr the sheave wheels, the guides, the compressor, and the scrapwa, ^ m ^iKi^^ :^-!;x-^:f-:A-c--- 106 THE OOMkS TBLBOBAPH, all the other portiona being Jeft oat that thew may be nore dutinelly ml seen : The cable pawea through the guide (^) on to a light sheet iron wheel (jB) — . plaoed for the pforpoee of steadying it on entering the groove of the large wheel — passes round {C) and back and ander and over (D), thus making four half > turns on eaoh wheel-v^final- ly over the small wheel (i?)> * thence under the dyi|Ui- - nlometer and over another ^ wheel similar to {O) and I orerboard. i The cable first enters- E throu|^ the opmpresser or « guide (A), takes one turn I round the guide wheel (B), •> which is made of sheet g iron, and which is goverped I and regulated by the'firie- f. tion whettl (d), and weight- I ed as shown in the drawing of "the paying-out ma- chine." From this it passes round G, and from to D, and so on till it . has passed four times over both, when it is received by^the small guide wheel, from which it is transferred ^ to the dynamometer. -The^ . Boraper (T), which is se^ cured on the shaft between the two wheels, is armed with ei^t teeth, four on eaoh side, which fit into the grooves. These teeth olbar out the tar as the wheels pass round, and ihns prevent it from hardening and collecting in the grooves. The ■f uV^ ,v. x>x -5^1^64 ■^l^ . THB ^BOOKD ATLANTIO EXPEDITION. 197 following IB » representation of a Sheave wheel, which will serre to giro a clearer idea of its form a&d the form Of the grooves than could pog- ribly be given bja front view of the machine itself : — E -•- A HnJLTB vbbh. iBowixa <■■ amovrta. m (cairoi. (a) Shift. (6) Fingers of sorapor. loula^ y^t 8ptS'b«ltl*4*Jo deok, to which U •ttache.l lever (e), bat wUoh relMM* It If my thing thoula^reivbig the groorea. . , ♦ The oljeot of the scraper has been 'already explained, but ita form cannot fee perfectly seen, on account of its position on the machine. Tbo for€|gobrg illustration, therefore, becomeB necessary. A is the sh^lt on which the scrapert are placed, and 6 the four teeth which enter the grooves of the irb.e«\ for the purpose of ' preventing the aeonmuUtipn of tar. By means of the spring («l), which is boltwl to the deck, and the lever (c), the scraper could be at once released, if the grooves were ovordogged or^filled up by any fbreign substance getting into them.' THE CABLE BUOYS. In addition to t^ie mechanical contrivances which have been so fully described, two^arge buoys, each capable of sustaining a weight of five or six tons, were put on board the Niagara, bo that in the event of her being obliged by stress of weather to slip the cable, it might be attached ta this.'^ This was to be effected by means of a wire cable eight or ten miles in leflgth, one end of which was seouredf to the end of the sub- marine cable, and the otfier to the buoy, thus taking the great strun off it # !! I a^^i',* Av- ». ? ) i»vtt,<^«^'*K.' r^'j^ m TUB OOKAN 1«n.BO>APH. 'If i' • |i I '^ ' THS BXi'EBIMKMTia. TRIP OF TQJB BQUAMUUT TO TUB UAlt OF BISCAY.. The 29th of May, the i»j on wLioh th«' wiudroD' Miled from Plj> month, on tb« experimental trip to the Btj of Biaoaj, was remarkably fine, and as there had been a oontipoona gale of some two weeks' dura- tion, wo entered upon the work before us with erery proapeot of a long spell of fair weather — a proepoot in which we were not diaaf^nted. Bvery thing neoeraary to the sacoess of the tipp was arranged two or three days previous to our departure. The matohi^wPy was in excellent working order, the buoya were provided with the necessary tftokle, and the experience whioh the men had obtained by working at the cable .proved of th^ greatest advantage in making the experiments. A eon- snltition was had between the captains and the engineers of the com- pany ii^Mgard to the point at whioh the vessels should eommeaoe their experiments, and after due deliberation it was' decided that lat 47, Ion. 10, would be quite far. enough- This is joft on the verge of the Bay of Biscay, whioh bears such a terrible reputation for -boisterfSKtwelfcher^ and which it was supposed would afkni^very opportunity for testtjkg the practicability of splioing.and lijjj^fxae cable in a rough sea, and under tlie moat unfavorable oiroumstanoes. 'So 'lat 47, Ion. 10, was selected as the preoise locality for the experiments. After leaving Ply- mouth Sound, therefore,' the squadroit made as direct a coarse as possi- ble for this pqint. It wag between four and five\ o'clock in the after- Zof the 20th of May when Ae four Tesse^s \got under way— 'the „ nemnon leading, the Gorgon, the- Niagara, aa^ the Taloroua, fol- lowing in regular succession. They xtaried at a rate of five miles, and ^^ing their course oat varied from that to a speed of eight miiea p«r war. The whole of Sunday no bhange was.olierved in the green eolor of the water denoting a greater depth, and the squadron kept i making sounding Monday, iiowevw, H^ had turned to a showing that we had reached the great vqiths, although we arrived at the locality decided apon for the experiments. made4>y the Gorgon, under the oommimd of Captain Ba^an, to sonndi, v^i the whol^ squadron hove to to await the result. ;^^*"« ""^ in latitude 47° 12' K., long. 9° 82* W., or abooi thirty '"^^Wl^Si'f ^fO^ ^e point deoided apon before starting from Plj- libseqaently diown by the aoandii^ of the Gor- r. ^1?his, then, it was evident, was the plaoe f, »n4 itjni di|tenninod that we should proeewl io ionts at onllir Aoeording to the memonada dnrtm op by tiie engine^, the Niagara a{^>roaohed Uie Agamemnon within, a «oa- venient distanoe, when a line was passed in a boat to the Agamemnon, -'rJ^J^-^4^^ ^.O^J^-'.^V^ ^,^^ A. fl' / TIIK BKOOMD ATLANTIC EXBJDlTIfiN. 190 by which a hawBor wm haulnd on board the latter, and by which »l«o ihe two.*hipft W(JM fantenod stem tOi gH-m. It munt not bo Huppo«ed i|iwfeT^. ^'a* *•»«? "«"' actually in contact, fm i\>ey wwre lufidrcd foet apart, and a" each vcmmI had itoam ingor, with proper managcmept, of tiitiir coming in he two vesHfilB now being ^firmly Bccnred, the end of the tel- p.. ^^.^ vfBS passed from the Niagara to the Agamemnon, where it agreed the' splice Bhould be uffectedT The objoT ♦?* i-^'/ ..J •*:- : M '\ ■ *v. Ill .n't" 11/ .HI /:.. I 'm. PAYING OUT THE CABIIbing THE TRUL, TH PAYING OUT THE CABIIbING THE TRUL, TIUV %] Is : i: THE BECOKD ATLANTIC EXPEDmoiT. "201 some enthosiastio iirdividaal exclaims. A fact whidh a glanco at both ■ machine and cable proves beyond the possibility of a doubt; The machine revolves With the greatest ease ; the indicator attached to it records the number of fathoms, and the cable comes out of the coil without exhibiting the slightest tendency to kink. Whatever specu- lations may be entertained about its kinking as it goes out of' the ship, they are of very little account compared with the conviucing ocular demonstration which is now presented. And this, too, is the experi- mental cable — the weakest, the most, imperfect, and the worst in every way on board the two ships. There is a number of men around the coil looking out for kinks, but they have not yet been able ip detect a single one, and they may stop where they are for many hours to come before they will succeed. Captain Kell is overlooking this part of the work, and although about as wide awake as he can be, io can't see any thing. Lieutenant North, Lieutenant Macauly, Lieutenant Guest, Lieutenant Webb, Lieutenant Todd, Dr. Green, Dr. Hay, and all the lieutenants and doctors in the ship pay a visit to the coil, and they can't see a kink ; and so it is concluded on board the ship that the thing that could be seen if it existed, can't bo seen at all ; " argai" that thing conse- quently don't exist. The supper has been an hour on the table before the officers think it worth while, attending to, and then they go to work so slowly at it you would believe it was a subject hardly worth discussing. The expe- riments that have been made form the topic of conversation, and there is but one general expression of opinion regarding them, which is one of entire satisfaction. The supper is quickly despatched, and, as the expe- riments are still going on, the poop is soon occupied by a crowd of spectators. Over a mile of cable has been paid out from each ship (both vessels being still seven or eight hundred feet apart and connected by the hawser), and operations are suspended till it has had ample time to reach the bottom, which is 2,530 fathoms down. The dynamometer at this point shows a pressure of 3,200 pounds upon the brake, which is a strain of a little more than a ton and a-half upon the cable. While they are still waiting for the sinking of tlie lino, the Gorgon comes alongside, and Captain Dayman, who stands upon her wheel-house, announces in his loudgpt tones that they htivo sounded again and got 2,530 fathoms. Now this is deeper than any soundings that have been had upon the Atlantic Telegraph plateau, ajnd the experiments which are made ought certainly to be regarded as tljoroughly testing the prac- ticability of laying the cable between Irelai^d and Newfoundland, the two immediate points of connection. This, bowever, was satisfactorily tested and proved last year, although it may be well now to state the 'fTTTr^* ao2 THE OCEAN TELEOKAPH. i i Ij' .f K, If : 11 i fact for the benefit of th»se Wto are still inclined to be eoeptical upon the subject Agreeably with the terms of the programme, or memoranda of the engineers, as it ia called, the next thing is to prove the practicability of hauli&g in thd cable on 1)oard both ships. The engine is put in gear with the paying-out machine, the action of which is reversed, so that it can be used as well for the purpose of winding in. 'Every thing bein^ in readiness, the procc^ of hauling in was commenced. The ship was backed very slowly until the cable was " up and down," which means at right angles with the water, in which position it appears there is less strain upon it than in any other. The wheels revolved very slowly as . the line was drawn on board, and half a inile of it returned%o the coil from yhich ii had been taken about an hour before. At this point of the process a message was received, signed Bright, stating that it was that gentleman's wish the operation should be suspended until he had time to make a " new splice." It took about three hours to accomplish this, and when the work was finished'a message was Sent to Mr. Everett, to the effect that " all was ready." The paying-out process was re- sumed on the receipt of this message, and by half-past ten we had succeeded in submerging two miles. The strahi upon the cable, as shown by the dynamometer, varied frohi thirty-six to forty-one hundred pounds, while this length was suspended from the stern. Again the action of the machine was reversed, and the hauling in process repeated, at a rate of a mile an hour. This Mr. Everett considered the highest speed at which it would bo safe to work th« machinery, in consequence of the weakness of the cable, which, it iiust not be forgotten, had been previously condemned and set aside as only fit to make experiiiients with. It Was intended, however, before the close of the trip to uie the new cable for the purpose of testing its strength, and to settle the dis- puted point as to the practicability of taking it up, should it be fo'lttad necessary during the final expc!dit;>jn. About a quarter to twelye this night the hawser. which held both ships stem to stern parted on board the Agamemnon, and thus concluded the experiments for the first day Monday, May 31. * Second Day^s Experimfnis. Although the cable which kept the Niagara and Agamemnon together had parted, the two vessels were still kept in about the same .positioti, and the work proceeded with little or no intermission. Some- thing more than a mile and a-half wa# hauled in, when word was sent from the office of the electrician on the maindeck that the continuity Wbs broken. Still the hauling in went on sacoessfally ; and as that was THE SECOND ATLANTIC EXl'KPmON. 203 the matter with which Mr. Everett had more immediately to do, little attention was paid to the Iohs of the electrical coutinuity. Besides', it was the imperfect cable we w<^ro using, and it was nevor supposed that it would he of much service, if any, for electrical experiments. Tho hauling in, therefore, was continued till about half-past two A. M.,when the end of the cable came up over the stern. Of tlie whole len<^th paid out not more than one hundred and ten fatlionin were lost. This con- cluded tho experiments till after breakfast, when they were commenced with renewed energy. At a quarter to nine A. M. a new hawser was passed from the Niag- ara to the Agamemnon, and both ships attached in the manner already described. The two ends of the cable were again spliced, and a quarter of a mile paid out from each ship, after which tiie hawser wiw released. Up to this time they had not allowed tho cable to pass out of the Niag- ara faster than a mile an hoar ; but a change, was now to be made in this respect, and it was concluded t9 boe the effect of a more rapid movement of the machinery and an aceuleratod speed in the paying-out process. Two miles of it were permitted, in the language of the engi- neer's report, to " run quite freely," when the speed was gradually checked while an additional mile and about ffiur hundred fathoms were being submerged. The ships were under way from the time the hawser was released, and continued moving, though at a comparatively slow rate, most of the time tho line was passing out. It was now about half- past ten, and three miles had been transferred firom the ship to the sea. in the most satisfactory manner, as showing the admirable working of the machinery, and the case with which it could be controlled. There was one point, however, which was not so satisfactory, and which it was seen would require the attention of the engineer before the departure of the §hips on the final expedition. This was the excessive accumulation and hardening of the tar in the sheaves, which it is rightly feared may endanger the safety of the cable if some provision Iks not made in time. Tho necessity of making such provision as will obviate the difficulty is fully appreciated by Mr. Everett, who will devise some means by which it will bo altogether prevented, or so counteracted as to render all danger therefrom a matter of impossibility. If the experimental trip made only this difficulty obvious, it was worth all the time and money and labor which have been expended. The accuniuktion of the tar in the grooves of tho pulley or indiisator of tho dynamometer, and/ the grooves of the wheel leading to the stern, rendered the use of scraper absolutely necessary to keep thom clear. A man was "accord ingly appointed for this work ; but while cleaning the groove of the dioator wheel, the tar was so hard and bo thick that it broke tho sorai I 204 TnR OCEAN rELKGRAPn. anil forced it into contact with tbc oa,ble, which was almost immediately severed at tho point of contact. Here, then, was an additional erpe- riencc of the greatest value in the .successful accompli.shnient of the on- dertaking. It was made manifest, by the accumulation of the tar in he grooves, tliat some plan should be devised to>»hviato any difficulty from such u en ISC, and it was also shown that it was unsafe to trust a scraper in tl»e iiands of any man for tiie removal of tiic tar. The scrapers which were placed on tho paying-iut machine to keep tho tat from col- lecting in the grooves of tho_Mieavo wheels aro just the thing, but the abrasion and consccjuont wearing to which they aro subjected will render an abundant supply of scrapers inilispeusable. After paying out tho length of cable stated (over three miles), the engineer gave the order to reverse the machine and to wind in. This was but the work of a few minutes, and soon after the order was grven it was carried iuto execution. . Not more than two hundred fathoms had . been recovered from the sea before the lin^ parted, and from the cause referred to. Tlie new cable was now ,bi:pught into requisition for tho first time, and the Agamemnon having been signaUed, the ends were spliced aa before in the case of the experimental line. At a quarter to five the wheels of the machine began to revolve, and by six, two miles and a half of cable wore paid out, when a signal was observed on the Aga- memnon conveying the unwelcome intelligenee that it had parted. This, it was afterwards understood, jras caused by a change which had been made in the paying-out machine of the Agamemnon, under the direc- tions of Messrs. IJright and Cannin^f. Tho wheel loading on to the machmcry was made of cast, instead of ^heet-irou, and was -conse.iuently much heavier and less 'adapted (o the work for whicli it was designed- dimply to act as a check in preventing the too rapid passage of the cable on tho paying-out .sheaves. Its unfitness for the purpose became bo clearly apparent from this mishap—or fortunate accident, we .should perhaps say— that it was at once removed, and the sheet-iron wheel, similar to that on the Niagara, substituted. As nothing further -ould now /bo d*w« in the way of paying out, it was concluded to haul in, and by half-past nine the whole^of our portion of the cable was recovered. A glance at the indicator or dynamometer showed a strain of a little over two tons and a half, while the first quur- _ ter of a mile was passing over the sfern f-heave. Third Day. /^ ■ The last experiment which was- to pettli the practicability of buoying up the cable, was .set down for this day. To appreciate the value of THK BSOOVtt ATLANTIO EXPEDmOJf. 206 this experiment, it is necessary to know that serious fears were enter- tained about the capability of a buoy to retain its hold upon the deep sea line when exposed to the action of the sea in a gale. The force of the waves, it was urged, would act upon it in such a manner as to cause it to give WM at the point where it is joined, or some other part of the cabl^hCb may be subject to the greatest strain. An immense buoy,* shapM somewhat like a segar, capable of sustaining five or six tons, and sixteen or eighteen feet in length, was put on board of each ship. This was now brought into use on board the Niagara, and attached to the cable ^fter three and a quarter miles had been paid out. Away it went from the side of the vessel, and the moment the weight of the cable hus- pended from it was felt, it assumed an erect position, about two-thirds or ten feet of its length appearing above the surface of the water. A smaller buoy, called the watch buoy, had been attached to it by a rope, and the two floated ofif from the Niagara, which continued paying out the cable until it gave way again at a part which inspection shoWed was completely destroyed by the rusting of the outer wire. This oc- curred about half-past nine A. M. At half-past ten the watch buoy was taken up, and the ship waa> proceeding in the direction of the cable buoy for the purpose of hauling it on board, also, when it was observed falling from its erect position, and lying its whole length on the surface. There was only one explanation for this. The cable had parted, and the buoy ^ relieved from the weight of it, assumed a recumbent state. When taken up, it was observed that the three and a quarter inch ropc'stopper had been out off by the working or abrasion of the cable. This was the last experiment on the memoranda, a^ we have said, but it was agreed to try another before starting for Plymouth. There were some miles of experimental cable left, and as it was desirable to know how fast the wire bould be laid with safety, it was concluded to employ this with that view. The engine was set to work in submerging a sufficient length or weight of it to put the wheels in motion so that the machinery would work of itself. Less than half a mile of it was submerged in' this way, when the engine was detached ; the paying-oat wheels, being subjected to the weight of the ^mbmerged portion, com- menced revolving, and as a comparatively slight pres.'iure was put upon the brakes, the cable went out at the rate of between seven and eight miles an hour, without exhibiting the least tendency to kink. Nothing ooulcKbe more satisfactory or conci^usive than this last experiment, as showing the high speed at which the line can be submerged with safety; and should it be adopted by the engineer, we shall accomplish the lay- ing of oar half of the three thousand miles in somewhat less than six days. *^, • . - ' ■ • ji - / ^.. ■■ J"- .J 206 TUB OCEA.K TKLBOBirH. Ah there was nothii;g more to be done* the Telegraph Squadron made as direct a line as possible for PlymoiitH, ^ero it arrived at six o'clock on Thursday, the 3d of Juno. During the passage the Aga- meiunon attempted another trial of speed with the Niagara, but with no better BUCCC8S than she^imd la;>u year. She was, in fact, rather badly 'beaten, and liad her new commander, Captain Preedy, only known tho qualities of the Niagara, he would ImrdFy h?ive ri&od another defeat. Nothing likafonc's own experience, however. Report of Mr. W. E. Evetfeit ir\ regard to the paying-out machinery and the Submerging of the Cable. UwiTiat States Rtkaji Frkiatk Niaoara, ) At Sea, June 3, 1868. ) Cybds Vf. FiKLD, General ^fanagor of tlip Atlantic Telegraph Oorupany : Sir : — For the infoi^n^tion of yourself and the directors, I sobmit the following statement of experiirtjonts made during this trip. Monday, 4 P. M., May 31, lat. 47° 12' N., Ion. 9" 32' Wtt^ndings 2,530 fathoms, this ship and the Agamemnon being attac^eG^tefn to stern by a hawser, 180 fathoms of cable were veered out for flie.end to b« taken on board that ship to be splicjed. At S-SOj'sijgnal being made " fell ready," in accordance with prewwns arrangement, one mile of cable waw veered out. We then commencedl hauling it in. At 630 had re- coi^ored half a mile, when Mh Bright'p message was received saying he dorflred to make A,Dew splice. At 9-4J0 received message " all is ready," and again commenced paying out as before. At 1034 P. M., two milei wer'b out. After this amount was paid out, the strain upon tho cable was 3,600 to 4,100 pounds. At 11-28 commenced hauling in, but very slowly, as the strain nearly approached the breaking point of the rope. At 11 •48 the hawser securing the ships together parted on the Aga- memnon, but the ships were retainedj nearly in the same relative posi- tions by working the engine w&en required. At 140, having hauled in one mile 506^ fathoms, the continuity was reported broken. We con- tinued to haul in until 215, when thp end came, having lost of the two miles paid out 110 fathoms. ' i On Tuesday, at 8*40 A. Mi, the ^hipa having been secured and splice made as before, a quarter of a mile Was paid out, hawser released and ships started ahead slowly, at the same time the cable was allowed to run quite freclj' until two miles had been paid out, when a gradual re- straint was applied until an additional one mile 387 fathoms had been paid out, making in all three miles 387 fathoms. At this time (10-28) commenced hauling in, and had recovered 190 fathoms when the cable parted. At 4-44 P. M., the two erjds of the new cable having been spliced, we paid out 2\ miles at a rojte which had been previously agreed upon, the electricians passing signals through the whole length of cable. At 6-15 P. M., the Agamemnon made -signal the cable was parted. We at once commenced hauling in, the strain running up to 5,100 pounds dur- ing tho receiving of tho first quarter of a mile. At 9-20 the end came in, having lost 80 fathoms of the 2^' miles paid out V- '-^ ' THE 8BC0NT> ATLANTIC EXPEDITION. 207 Wednesday, Juno 2, at 7-30, exfiforiinental cable was again spliced, one quarter of a mile paid out, hawser released, and the ships ntarted ahead. In a few minntcs the Agamemnon made liignal cable parted. We continued to pay out until 3J miles were out. The ship was then backed, large buoy and watch buoy attached to the (Vible. Ship again run ahead, and When 300 fathoms had been paid outv the cable parted on the machinery. The ship th■'-'', . ■ ■ ■"■"'. A -^'^' !«'■ THE SAILING^ OF THE RECOND, OR THE UNSUO- ^^ CE8SFUL EXPEDITION OF 1858. Tub Telegraph Squadron arrived, as has been stated, at Plymouth after the experimental trip on the 8d of June, and having received a fresh supply of coal, started for mid-ocean on the lOth of the same month. The point in mia-ooean which had b,ecn decided on as the place of jendetvous was in lat. 52° 02', long. 33° 18'. Each vessel had about fifteen hundred stAtuto miles of cable on board; making a totaUfthree thousand, or a little more than fifty per cent, over the distance to be traversed by both. The weather had been very fine, and there was every appearance that it would continue so for some weelw. In fact, the summer had now fairly set in, and we felt hope- ful m the Msuranoe given us by Lieutenant Maury, that the month of June was the mildest of all the months in the year. We now looked • forward with the most sanguine expectations to the time when we should land our end at the Newfoundland terminus, and with swelling hearta thought of the enthusiastic welcome which we knew would greet as when we returned to the commercial metropolis of the Union, after the successful accomplishment of the greatest, work which has ever been conceived or attempted by the genius of man. The Sunday before o^r departure we were visited by a friend from New York (Bev. Henry Field), who told us with jfhat interest and anxiety our people regjtrded the enterprise in which we are engaged, and- how eagerly they awaited the moment when the first despatch from Newfoundland should apprise them that the cable was laid. That Sunday he preached a most appro- pnate sermon, in the course of which he made frequent reference to the great enterprise, and to its importance not only in a material but in a moral pomt of view, as bringing the nations of the earth into more intimat« relationship with each other. The scene was certainly one that wiU not be forgotten eaaUy, and the words of the preacher made a deep mjpression on the minds of his hearers. ,. On the 10th of June, as has been stated, wo left Plymouth about ten clock m the morning, and took the direct course for the point of rendeivous, the four ships sailing in company. The Porcupine, which 1 J: ...... . _, _, , ^ V . ... "•.*.,' THE CNBtfOOMWUL EXPEDITION Of 1858. 209 cable on fifty per had been uo so for felt hope- month of ir looked ' re Bhoald g hearts ," greet as. ifter the ?er been ifore o^r . Henry regalrded awaited apprise it appro- :e to tbe mt in a '^ to more nly one made a waa the smallost steamer in the squadron, had been son* to St. John's with orders to mcot the Niagara on her way to Trinity Bay, so tliat besides our own vessel and the Agameninou there were but two otJiers, the Valorous and Gorgpn, the last of which waa to act as our eseort There was no public demonstration at our departure, and with the ex- ception of n few of tlie members of the company aud their friends, there were noncf to.bid us farewell. In a- few hours wo lost sight of the land- marks along the coast, and Eddystono light, which stands upon a reef " of rooks out in the channel, and about seventeen miles from Plymouth, was rapidly disappearing below the horizon. About eight o'clock tho land, which was gradually becoming more indistinct, was lost amid the evening shadows, but wo could still see through the hazy twilight ob- jects at tho distance of four or five miles. For tho two following days the weather otontinned very fine ; but on tho third, (Sunday, June 13,) the wind, which in the morning wafr raoderato, freshened considerably towards evening, and at night bl<;w a perfect gale. We were not a little surprised at this, especially as we Had been led to believe, from the staten. :nts o^ those who were supposed to know something about the subject, that wo were to have had nothing but gcntlo breezes and smiling skies. The delusion, howev,er, was very soon dispelled, and before the -end of the gale we were pretty vrell tired of our sea experience, aud sighed |nost earnestly for irhat some poet songster, in an unaccountable fit of enthusiasm about the ocean, has culled the " dull,, tame shore." It was certainly a most severe gale ; but in tho Niagara we could not realize its severity, and it was only when we came to hear what wild work it was nearly making with the Gorgon and Valorous, and did make with the Agamemnon, that we begun to have a prpsfis^ea of its true character. During the gale we had our spritsail yard and flying - jibboom broken, a.tid the same sea by which this damage was done dis- located the right, or, as the sailors call it, the starboard wing of the American eagle, which forms the figure head of the Niagara. The in- jury, however, was repaired on the first opportunity, and the national bird restored to his pristine beauty and streugtL It may be interesting to know that his mate on the stern, another terribly warlike-looking fellow, had not a feather rufiied, and looks as terrible and as warlike as ever. This waa the only damage inflicted upon the ship by the gale ; bat the fearful havoc it made among the domcstio utensils of the ward- room, and particularly those of a brittle kind, would have gladdened the heart of a dealer in crockery. On the 19th of June we had a heavy sea and some bad sqnalls. The barometer fell as low as 28, and stuck there with such obstinacy as to render it doubtful whether it would ever rise again as high as 80. Eadk 14 .^- /J ,:• >. Cfi' •:i/i^ •*> 210 THE OCEAN TKLKOBAPH. I I day was but a repetition of the day before, and the log-book was one un- . varying record of the eamd particulars. One day it was " blowing heavy in squalls," and the next day it was " blowing heavy in squalls," and the only change was at the end of the gale, when the reader was informed there was " a fresh gale " and "heavy sea with squalls." We had man- aged to keep the Agamemnon in sight till Monday, June 21 when we lost her ab9ut 7 o'Wfcck in the morning. The sea was heavier than we had yet seen it, and we found it impossible on that account to run down to her, as we were frequently obliged to do, in consequence of her drift- , ing so rapidly to leeward. We were actuated in this solely by consider- ations for the safety of our own ship, which would have been much endangered by attempting to foll0w her under such circumstances. ■ On the evening of the 2l8t of June, the wind mqderated ; the barometer be- gan to rise rapidly, and there were other pleasant indications of an agree- 1 able change in the weather. As the barometer rose the sea fellTand the following day, according to the stereotype phrase, was •' all that could be desired." We had been buffeted about long enough, and were driven •nearly three degrees further north than we wished, hating drifted to lat 54 30 , when we never intended to go higher north than lat. 52. So much for the operations of the gale. We now set out for the rendezvous, and arrived there on the afternoon of the 23d, when we found the Valorous and Gorgon there before us-the former having reached it on the 2l8t and the Gorgon on the morning of the 23d. An officer came on board from the Valorous, and informed us that they, too, had had very bad wea- ^ ther, and that they had not seen the Agamemnon since the I8th We were also informed that the Gorgon nearly lost both her masts, and tke Valorous her quarter boats. Captains Aldham and Dayman said that it was the worst weather they had ever experienced in the North Atlantic Thm night a thick fog set in, in which we lost sight of the two escorts The next morning, at five o'clock, Lieut Guest, who was officer of the deck at the time, apoke s packet ship bound from Liverpool to New York She-was not in aight more than ten minutes, on account of the fog, and Aad she not been quite close to the ship it ia doubtfaUbether she would have been seen at i,ll. When Mr. Guest first e.w het ehe was looming up through the fog. ° " Where are you bound for ? " B«d he, aa «oon us she came new enough to speak her. " To New York," waa the answer. " Plearo to report the United States frigate Niagara." "Aye I ay. J" responded a voice which it is supposed belonged to ttewptam; «d he mmediately «Aed in tum : « Where are the other \ THE UNSCCCESSniL EXPEDITION OF 1858. 3^1 came near " In company around us," Mr.' Guest replied. It was supposed by this time that the other vessels and the Agamem- non were close at hand, although not visible in consequence of the fog, and it was under this impression that Mr. Guest answered as he did. There was no time for a more lengthened conversation, and the object was to make it as laconic and as much t^he point as possible. The last an- swer was received by the captain with a wave of his hat, to which a similar pantomimic return was made, and both vessels lost sight of each other almost immediately ,after. Before the close of this day wo had another gale, during which it ble\f in heavy squalls. The morning of Friday, June 25tb, however, broke clear and pleasant, and about two o'clock in the afternoon, we saw the Valorous, the Gorgon; and the Agamemnon, all on the rendezvous. At half-past four o'clock we received a visit from Captain Preedy, from whom we learned that he had readied the rendezvous at twelve o'clock. He also reported severe weather, and said that during the gale, of which wc have already spoken, the upper part of the main coil, which contained a thousand miles of cable, had shifted, and that for some time they were in a very perilous condition. About a hundred miles had to be removed and coiled on another part of the ship ; and as sodn as the coiling of this was finished he would be ready to make the splice and commence the work of paying out. Some idea of the effects of tlie gale on the Aga- memnon may bo conceived from the fact that the strain to which she was exposed by the great weight and peculiar nature of her cargo, opened her water ways about two inches and a half. The water ways are that part of the ship where the deck and the sides are joined, and when they part to any great extent, the vessel is considered in a dan- gerous state. Captain Preedy finding it impossible to keep the ship's head to the sea, on account of the shifting and working of the cable in the main coil, determined to scud before the gale, which he was obliged to do for thirty-six hours. The scene on board was reported to have been fearful. ' The ship rolled very heavily, and at one time nearly every man on deck was thrown off his feet ; one man, a marine, was literally frightened out of his wits, and was cnuy for some days. One man had his arm fractured in two places, and another Lad his leg broken. Every eye was turned on Captain Preedy, who, fully aware of the imminence of the danger, exhibited the greatest coolness and self-posseasion, and finally succeeded by his admirable seamanship in saving his vessel It was pe- culiarly gratifying to aea him onoe more, and to know that he was ready to go on wi^h the work. In the midst of the fearful scene that took place on the.Agamemnon a rather ludiorous incident oceurred, which fflittit fiofBe oEitied. 0»a af WTaSaiSieB, who,.it wonM ijf^,1a^ ■,A-.^^ i,j:^-'^v\tt-t S13 m i. !■ B i THE OCEAN TELEGKAPH. very httle experience of the sea, Lad not been seen for a long time and hxs nends, anxious about him, searched all over the ship in Z^^i^,. furrndtT" ''r'"*'' *'"'' •'ff-t^. ioweverf wore unsuccess- ful, and they were just pving up all hope of ever seeing him again w^n some one suggested that the bread closet had not been looked into The Idea of h.s being in such a place was treated with contempt, but it waa ' OP ef idT"' "^ f '^ " ^"P ""' ''■ ^^« ^-^ was LccordL^ly opened, and there snugly ensconced in a corner, was the individual who he went there, but some people are uncharitable enough to say that he had designs upon the provisions. ^ COMMENCEMENT OP THE WORK. ** Saitrdat— Jpim 28. the wlV*'**/^ the weather was most propitious for the beginning of wate7 it hfd'b ''' r"°" *^ "° '""^ '^''^^ ^--^ -to the water. It had been agreed upon that it should be made on the Aira- b^ hoisted as a signal that we should do the same. The splicbTw^ one o| the most important and at the same time one of the simpirir ti^ns comiected with the work of laying the cable. The proWm^t ctdul't*^' f "'"'* branehe^the joining of the Tp^r Cf ^ conductor, the xnsuUtion with gutta percha. and the splicing^ thruter 11 7 rt J'.' ^"-^ ^''"^ ^ «*"PP«"* «ff *t« «o-ductor t^ the K , ?K ^" "•""'' •'^ ^*^ ^°'«' '»'^'''> "« ^-<1 -er each other a|4Und with <^pper wire, aa is seen in figure 4 of the annexeTl' Fl,.l » 1*4. Il»& "/^NS.-^<-m.v, THE Tm8UOOE88F"L EXPEDITION OF 1858. 213 Fig.*. ^ Over this again is laid another binding of copper wire, and the sol- dering repeated, f|0 that the part which in spliced by being thus strength- ened, is made stronger than any other. Tiiis double binding is seen in figures 1 and 5, the ends having been previously prepared as they appear in figures 2 and 3. The great advantage of this manner of splicing will " be at once perceived by reference to figure 6, which whows that in the event of the rupture of the splice the connection is still kept up by the single wire, which in this case being in contact with the several ends preserves the electrical continuity. Should there be any so skeptical as to disbelieve this, it ought to be sufficient f)r them to, know that were the wire eleven times smaller than the small strand of aev^ ■ wires which form the core, its po>ver as a conductor of the electrioal current is reduced • only one thirty-seventh part in a whole miiei^ The splicing is completed by the insulation of the core with three layers of gutta percha, each of which is about as thick as ordinary foolscap. Layer after layer of this is laid on till it is brought to a uniform surface with the rest of the gutta percha insulation, after which the outer protecting wire is laid on and bound in a somewhat similar manner to the splicing of the conductor. To the splice when thus formA is attached a crescent-shaped piece of wood, about eight •ftet in length, through a groove, in which the cable is- placed, and in which it is scoured by a flat piece of sheet-iron of the same length andlform as the wood. The spliced portion is in the centre- of the wood, but to prevent any strain upon it a strong iron-bound loop is made of the cable at either' end of the crescent, and these two loops are afterwards fastened by an iron shackle, which takes all the strain off the splice. This operation took about two hours, and the moment it was finished the hawser which held the two vessels was released, and the process of paying out commenced. The continuity wsis tested by the electricians and found to be perfect, and wc had Fubmtrg< d something like two miles and a half of the cattle when it parted on the machine. The cause of its fracture in this instance was very simple, and by proper attention might very easily have been avoided. The cable was allowed to run on the machine too da^k, so that the leading on part of it got into the wrong groove, and in the endeavor to put it back into its proper position it was tlirown off the wheels altogether, and, falling down *n the tat aetttpat, w*« bfofesB.^ Th* br«»kof watinuity w«s soon di* ; covered on the Agamemnon, and both ships immediately returned and \> 914 THE OCEAN TELEGRAPH. t ^' ill: .• v I i made a new splico, ■when the work of paying out was once more resumed. This tune there was no running of the cable into the wrong groove, and the utmost caution and vigilance were e^terpised over the machinery. About half-past «ix nearly ten miles were paid out from both ships, and at eight the two vessels lo.st sight of each other. The electricians were at their post, and. repo- ted the continuity "all right." The cable was , going out.at the rate of five and six miles an hour, while the speed of the ship varied from four to five, so that by midnight thirty-one miles had been ^ubmergcd. This certainly looked like work, aiid augured lavorably for our success. Our hopes, howev^^r, were destined to be shortlived, for about ten minutes to 1 a. m. of the following morning the continuity was destroyed. How this was. done could not be satisfacto- )dy explained, but the general supposition on board the ship was that it was caused by the parting of the cable on the Agam.'mnon. Sf.NDAY, June 27.--The continuity, m has been stated, ceased at ten minutes to one o'clock this morning, and after about thirty-one miles of cable had been paid out. The vessels had long since ran ont of sight of each other, and it would, per^p.,, require another .day before they could return to the rendezvous. Ifter the electric communication was severed the speed of the ship was reduced to less than two miles, and the cable paid out at a proportionate rate for three hours. This was considespd a sufficient length of time to allow for the probability of its returning; but being now thoroughly convinced that it was gone forever the action of the machinery was reversed, and tht^y eommi need winding 1". About a hundred fathoms had b^n recovered when the cable parted the amount lost in- this second attempt being forty-two n.iles and 300 fathoms^ The Gorgon was informed by signal of the disaster, and both vessels *oceeded on their course to the rendezvous. The ill success which mi thus far attended the expedition was very discouraging, a.d as .we were altogether ignorant of the cause of the loss of continuity we •were growing very doubtful about our chances of success. Some were under the delusion that the difficulty was created by the brakes, theprej- ndice against which Still existed from the first expedition, when the cable was broken by the defective machinery ; but this part of our payiiig-out marhme was perfect, and realized M the expectations that were formed of It. It was impossible, however, to disabuse the minds of those who had conceived this prejudice of its injustice. It was tlieir belief that the weights on the brakes, which never exceeded nitietcen hundred pound.-, produced a heavier strain than the cable was calculated to boar and that it stretched until the inner core or electrical conductor parted' Jhu_s d^^rojnng tjie oontimiitj. Find ing p rase tee daH^d^ express their feelings on the subject, they invoked, the aid of the muse, "(■•■ THB uNsnooMartTii EacpKDmoN OF 1858. 215 anA'gaye vent to their feelings in the following remarkable piece of com-' position : ^ Pay it out, oh ! pay it out, As long' as you are able ; For if yoii put the darned brealia on, Pop goes the cable. ' It was intended to be a parody on the popular song of " Pop goes the Weasel," but after one verse the muse became exhausted, refused to get off another, and literally broke down. The brakes were put on in a poetical sense, and the composer found that he could not continue to " pay it out" ^ The Alice Monroe, a packet ship bound from Liverpool to Boston, was spoken about ten o'clock tlys morning, and a boat sent out with Mr. Field and Lientenaat Grherardi. Mr. Field gave a brief account to the captain of the proceedings of the expedition. He was also entrusted with a large number of letters to be put in the Post Office on his ar- rival in Boston, in the hope that our friends would hear from us before we could reach Newfoundland. A few hours after, the Alice Munroe was out of sight, and we resumed our course for the rendezvous. MoNHAY, Juno 28. — We were on the look out the whole morning and a portion of the afternoon for the Agamemnon and' Valorous, and as there was no appearance of either of them, we felt somewhat appro- hensive about seeing them at all this day. The Gorgon was also out of sight, but we naturally supposed that she was cruising around in the hope of falling in with one or both, as they very seldom lost track of each other. The weather was overy thing we could desire ; the sea was comparatively smooth, and it was just the very time to make a splice. The ill success of our two first attempts, it is true, was rather discour- aging, but it was resolvec^ ur guides— 7±t^ wa* -a- beautiful evening, more beautiful than any we had yet been favored /If f -^ 318 THE OOBAK TELEOKAPH. 1^; III with since we left Plymouth, and the severe gale through which we had passed, and which was jet fresh in our minds, gave ua a more thorough appreciation of it than we might otherwise havrfelt At ten o'clock the Agamemnon was dimly visible, and in less than half an hour we lost sight of her altogether, aa she steamed on her eastward course. No accident had yet occurred to interrupt the work; but we almost dreaded to think of the future, lest it should have some other misfortune still in store for ue. Nothing could be more satisfactory than the manner in which ihe machinery worked, and the process of paying-out was going on most successfully, but we could know nothing of the agencies that were at work, perhaps at the bottom of- the ocean, to overthrow what little hope or prospect of success was yet left. Were there sharp pointed rocks lying on that plateau which Lieut Maury had told us ■ was a level plain, a great submarine prairie, or was it covered with a soft coating of mud or ooze, in which it had been said the cable might rest undisturbed for years, as on a bed of dowu ? The soundings of Lieut. Bcrryman and Captain Dayman show that at least this part of the pla'- teau is covered with this soft, and for our purpose, iiHialu9|)le deposit. It i.i now twelve o'clock, and the work is progressing in splendid style —in such splendid style, in fact, that, to use the frequent phrase on board, stock has gone up nearly a hundred per cent. The question is asked, if we can lay forty miles of it successfully, what is to prevent us from' laying a thousand, should this fine weather continue ?— «nd as we know of notliing, it is generally agreed that it is practicable. Ah, but then the cable is«ueh a delicate thing, and is, therefore bo liable to injury, for if, by any accident, a hole, through which it would be impossible to' force even a hair, were to be made in it as far as the conductor, the in- sttlatici and electrical continuity of the whole three thousand- miles would be gone forever. Then again the slightest accident arising from the carelessness of the men might defeat the whole undertaking just when we were within a hundred miles of Newfoundland. One thing, however, is certain— that every day which brings us nearer to our terminus reduces the risks and chances of failure, while the increasing prospects of success will render the engineers more vigilant and cautious. Looking at the magnitude of the enterprise and the wonderful results which must •ttend its successful termination, our triumph seema almost too much to expect, and we are hourly haunted with a dread that the worst has yet to happen. Every one who can spare the time from his other du^es wems to Regard the paying-out machine as under his special supervision, and visits it as often as those duties will allow. The same feeling pre- vails alike am ong the offi cers and m en, and alth o ugh there Ja b mln _ ISTHonem the englneors shall be allowed to approach within a oer- -■»Vj-ji^'liU£a.«k»— -fir;--** «* ■^i -]^ fite trN8lTCOE88FUL EXPEDITION OF 1858. .219 tain djstanN, yet they are content with a glance at its operations if they are Batiafied that the cable in going out in "good order. The parting of the cable, however, is not — as has been shown by our experiedce on this expedition. — the only thing to be dreaded. There is yet another point which is a cause of as much, if not more, disquietude. Let the cable, be laid across the plateau, yet, if the little strand of seven copper wires which compose the electrical conductor ^hould be broken, the whole line is absolutely valueless, and the million and-a>half dollars expended in its purchase, might as well have been submerged iu the ocean. There is no word perhaps in the English language which was fraught with such important meaning to those engaged on the first expedition as the term "continuity; " and even those who had not the slightest pretensions to scientific inowledge soon learned to appreciate its significance. We approach the electricians' office with a feeling gf dread, lest at any mo- ment some one may come out to inform the engineers that the continuity is lost. Let one of the operators inquire for either of the principal electricians and in a few minutes he will have a crowd of eager inquirers > about him« all anxious to know if there is any thing wrong with the cable. Talk of the mental excitement of the gambler in confparison with that state of anxiety and suspense in which the mind is kept while ' the process of paying-out the cable is going on. The machinery may be working in the most satisfactory manner ; but as we have shown, it does not depend on the machine alone, for there may ^e other agencies at work on the bottom of the ocean of which we are at present in ignor- ance. There is no reason as yet to say positively that there are ; but the cause of the break of continuity the first 'time pn this expedition ■ still reffiains in uncertainty and doubt. The most reasonable theory is, that the outer wires were untwisted in the process of laying, and that the strand of copper wires of which the conductor is composed, parted under the excessive strain to which they were subjected. What- ever theories may be formed in regard to the way in which the con- tinuity was destroyed, and whatever apprehensions may be felt in regard to the final success of the undertaking, the admiraible manner in which the operation of paying-out is performed, and the gratifying reports which come from the telegraph oflfice, are certainly calculated t% inspire confidence and hope. Stepping upon the poop of our ship, one oan trace the 'long black line of cable as it passes over the stem and enters the water. It is now going out at the rate of about five miles and a half an hour, while the speed of the ship is four and a half; so that the part that is now seen running out over the stcru will take something =)ik8 half aa^hour to^xeaeh dbe bottom, which lies at a depy^-af about two miles beneath us. The strain upon it iVliBeteen hundred pounds, V A>«v,-n«, ^- 220 :^l |l I! Il 1 > -',!■ It . ■',■ ifr'ii ';^; ifv % :r THE OCEAN TELEGRAPH. ■Which gome say is t^ much, but which the engineers of the company insist is the very least^that can be used. By reducing the weight to a still less amount they dpntend it would be impossible to prevent the cable from running out perfectly slack, and the loss of a much greater length than the surplus provided over and above the distance between the two points of connection in Ireland and Newfoundland. There is, in fact, a great difference of opinion on this point, and each party holds to its belief with the greatest tenacity. Says one party— those in favor of a strain being put upon the cable—" We might as well not attempt to lay it at all as to lay it without a strain ; it would be ex- pending cable to no purpose, and we should not have enough to reach land with." " Yes," the other party reply, " but the difficulty is in your putting on too great a weight." " Too great a weight ! '■ ia iLo rejoinder, " why certainly nineteen hundred po»^ds c.annot be called too great a weight." " You may think not ; but look at the cable as it goes over the stern, ind observe how many turns it takes before it roaches the water." Thi^ is a feature which appears rather unfavorable, whatever may be the result, and it, is well to speak of it here, on account of the impor- tance which some attach to it. The number of turns the cable takes opposite to the twist is eleven in a length of one hundred feet, which is the distance between the stem and the surface of the water. Now, as it is contended, if it takes so many in a hundred feet, will not the outer witeahe wholly unlaid before the cable reaches the bottom, and will not the whole strain be brought upon the gutta percha and the conductor ? Whatever' party is right, those for or those against the strain, there is no difference of opinion in regard to the successful manner in which the work is going on to-night, or rather this morning, for it isnow past one o'clock. The men are as watchful as men can be, and it will certainly be through no indifference or neglect on their part if any mishap should befkU the cable. The coilers are in the circle wide awake and on the look out for kinks, with the determination to "squash " them the mo- ment they make their appearance, while the tar gatherers, who look after the grooves of the different wheels over which the cable passes are determined that none of the black and glutinous stuff shall interfer^ with its progress. Every thing is going on well ; all appear to 'be doing their best towards the promotion of the undertaking; and having now laid some twenty-five miles successfully, there appear to be no reasons why we should Aot % twenty five or a thonsind more with equal sno- '* cess. And so wi th this co nclusive argument we retire for the night, and -«ter3S^m|Ti6TOTT^ffi^nOde to the other for at least an hour, in 7 % iv n-'»^>l*,-.f.*SYiii;"^}^,'\«iw"'.'J;«\ I THE UN8UOCK88FOL EXl'KpiTlON OI-' 1858. 221 our efforts to go to sleep, we at Inst succeed, and dream about cable laying, and the terrible effectH of too gr. at a strain, till the colored boy Thomas wakes us with the information that it i.s now seven bells, and that in half an hour breakfast will be 6fi the table. Tdesdat, Juno 29th.— The first iucstioii which every one asks on awakening is about the cable, ancT^Q^wiing informed t'h.it it is all right, ho is satisfied, until he geta his breakfast, when it is to be presumed he is still more satisfied. Such a question, however, is entirely suiwrfluons, if the individual hangs up his hammock anywhere within the sound of the delightful and harmonious musio made by the maohiue. He can hear for himself, and if he should happen to ask it is simply that he may have the pleasure of being informed of what he knows already, like most men who think, they never can hear good/news repeated too often.. Every thing seei^ favorable at present for t^e success of the expedition ; the weather never lookc^d more propitious, aind the barometer is up so high that it appears as if fi.xed for the rema^der of the summer. The late gale was evidently the closing up of the vnndy season, which, in these latitudes, renders navigation rather an unpleasant occupation. Had the poet who was so anxious for " life on the oceaa wave, and a home on the rolling deep," been with us in that eight days' blow, he would have been perfectly satisfied, and perhaps a little more desirous for a fixed habita- tion. We were not a little astonished at its duration when we remem-. bered that it was in the mild and balmy month of June, which Lieut. Maury informs us is the best for laying the cable, if gales alone are to be taken into the account. His calculations, however, have proved in our case to be terribly astray, and have been partly the cause of the ex- pedition sailing in this month. Had we but known what was in store for us, and that by delaying our departure for two or three weeks we would have escaped the most severe weather we have yet experienced, wo certainly would not have sailed before the latter part of June or the com- mencement of J uly. However, as has been stated, we are at la.st favored with good weather, although not so pleasant as could be desired. It is very seldom during the day that the sun is visible, and the fog is one of our most frequent and unwelcome visitors. But no matter ; let us lay the cable this time, and all these little annoyances will soon be forgotten. At ten o'clock this morning, the length of the cable paid out was about eighty miles, and the wh(.lo amount submerged between the two Bhipg, at least one hundred and s;xty. This is certainly doing well, and M there is apparently nothing to prevent us from doing this way all the time, confidence is reviving rapidly. The continuity is still perfect, and the el ectricia nB r eport t hat the signals which are passin g b etwee n the sHps are very satisfactory. No message are trai^pnitted, ais it was ^ 922 THE ughly un- derstand the nature of the operation, and it is almost impossible for an accident to take place. As there is considerable anxiety, however, ex- hibited in regard to jits sucoess, there won't bo much eleeping done until_ it is all over. Although the machinery is working perfectly, and the an- gle the cable makes with the water sljowa fthat nothing is to bo appre- , bended from the strain, the elcotrifiians' ofiSco ia watched with an uneasy feeling, and the movements of tl^e electricians themselves are eagerly fflilowod, m if their very thoughts could be read .(herefrom. " Well, Bir. de Sauty," says one of the most anxious of the cable layers — " welljhow is the continuity now ? " " Capital, and the signals are com- iug uuliirgrBud style/' he repliray and- adds, '*i hope liiey will contintrq ^1 # \ 224 THE OCEAN TKLKQEAPH, i. ! • ft IB SI- vfr :>!?<". ,-->^ so" — a hope in which it is almost needless to say every oue'indulges. The vessel was goiog about foiir miles ajid a half an hour at six o'clock, and the expenditure of cable is about; a mile more, the strain being •nineteen hundred pounds, or a little lesslhan one-fourth the amount the cal le is calculated to bear. Nino o'olocll has struck, and the writer has juf.t sat down in one of the little rooms of the wardroom to record the occurrences of the day in his note-book, when he hears a hasty step ; ut- side across the floor, and some one asking in a hurried, nervous man.ier for Mr. Laws. There is something in both that tells him all is not right, and in a few minuto.s more his worst fears are realized. The continuity is gone again, although the cable still goes out over the stem iu the same style, and there is no indication, so far as appears from the opera- tion of the^taachinery that there is any thing wrong. But the little magnetic >eedle in the electricians' office— the unerring indicator of the eleotrical condition of the cable— refuses to move, and the electriciana, after going through all the tests, have at laSt to succumb. The conti- nuity is gone, and they find it imj issible to restore it, although they may ■ use alt the appliances of the woi. Jerful science they have at command. It was subsequently, on the return of the squadron to Queens'town, found that tlie accident was caused by the parting of the cable a few feet from the stern of the Agamemnon. After all hope of the continuity being restored was abandoned, a moat satisfactory test was made in regard to the strength of the cable. The process of paying-out was stopped for about an hour and a half dur- ing which the Niagara was literally held by it, the wind blowing fresh all the time. A pressure of over four tons was put upon the brakes, and it abfeolutely seemed impossible to break the cable. At length it gave way, after holding the ship, as wa have said, an hour and an half, and resisting a straip of over four tons which was put upon the brakes! The amount of cable paid out was 142 miles and 280 fathoms, and- the -^o^taL amount lost in the three attempts wa^ 190 miles and 257 fathoms, while the distance run in the last attempt wa& 109 nautical u iles. This is a loss of -J I per cent, or about two-fifths of the surplus which was al- lowed for excessive expenditure in laying the cable. We have now on board 1,090^ nautical miles, which, added to a similar length on the Agamemnon, makes a total of nearly 2,200 nautical miles. THE 8T0BM. The severe gale through which we passed was so little felt on board oar ship, that we could not realiio its terrible force until we heard of its effects on the Agamemnon. As, however, those who were on board of her during the storm are beet qualified to describe the s «»Pn«a j.,^^ Jngj. w I THE UN81TCCES9FCX, EXPiKITION OF 1S58. 225' dentB which occurred during those ei^ht long aud anxjous days of its con- tinuance, we will let them tell the story. Tbo following vivid and' thTiUing account is froth the pen of Mr. Wood, the special correspond- ent of the London Times : At half-past twelve, on Monday morning, the I'ith July, the Aga- memnon anchored off Queenstown, after having, as your readers are nov, aware, failed in the attempt to submerge the Atlantic cable. The arrr- val of the Niagara must have made known the bare fact that tho cable had parted, a^d the tremendous gales and unfavorable weather which all the squadrro had to contend against, more or less, though only those on board the Agamemnon can be said to know the real nature of the peril which wfts encoiihtered, and the long series of difficulties, mishaps, and misfortunes which marked almost the entire cruise from first to last. Not often have so many adverse and disheartening circumstances been cram- med into a voyage of thirty-three days, and never l^ave the enterprise, skill, and courage of all connected with the undertaking been more conspiou- ously displayed than in overcoming each obstacle as it arose, almost with every day. The next thing to success is to deserve it ; and certainly, if any scheme was ever entitled to prosper from the perseverance and de^ votio 1 of those engaged in carrying it out, that success was unquestionably due to the efforts of all on board the Agamemnon in favor of tho under- taking. For once, however, fortune did not favor the bold. The attempt to lay the cable failed three times, and once in the most mysterious manner ; and those on board Sfcvc only the satisfaction of knowing that every thing that care and foresight could suggest was done. Beyond this consciousness that all has been achieved that was possible with such •materials, no comfort is to be gleaned from the latengttempts, except, perhaps, in the fact that as muc'i wire or more still remains than the cx- peditioft was commenced with last year^ and that both vessels wilt start again for another and a last attempt the instant they have filled up with coal — that is, by Saturday next at latest. Y.our readers are already aware both the " wire " ships quitted Eng- land in the most unfavorable trim possible for bad weather. Accord- ing to appearances at starting, however, bad weather seemed of all others the risk least likely to be encountered, so every thing had been foreseen, prognosticated^ and provided for but a gale ; that, of course, was oat of the question. That traditional veteran, Brown, of tho Translantio line, who had weathered bo many storms in the Atlantic, showed how in June one never had occurred, while Jones proved how it wouldn't, and Bobinson made " all serene " by demonstrating clearly how it couldn't happea We might meet light winds and encounter some delay from calms and - snltty w«ithcr,"bBt^B^^Sei-^^ f«gulH^ Atlftntio storm — thr t«^ id«»- 16 n :i^- i 226 THE OCEAN TEXEOBAPU. Ill ■ I'-i If ; . ■ [ I was food for laughter. So the wire sqaadron went to sea, with the two chief vessels ladeu almost t<> the water's Hge, and in all other respects , so little fitted for rough water, that, had a tithe of the tremendous weather they experienced been foreseen at home, not a ship would have moved from Plymouth Soimd., The Agamemnon had 2,840 tons dead weight in her, a monstrous load for any ship of her tonnage, but made still more dangerous and overbearing by the manner in which it was stowed. In her hold was the main coil, a compact mass of 1,100 miles in length, and therefore 1,100 tons in weight. On hor orlop deck, right forward, between the eyes, as sailors say, was another coil of 100 tons, while on her upper deck, and also right forward, was a coU- of 2;!(5 tons. The latter was of sufBcient size to interfere seriously with the proper working of the vessel ffom the deck, and the united weights of all, of course, brought 'the Agamemnon down by the head to an al- most unsafe extent. The two small coils, it was said, counteracted the weight of the ponderous mass in the bottom of the ship, and certainly if they d.d not tend to check the vessel's rolling, they made it easier and less dangerous to the masts. When the ship did roll, however, there was a constant struggle between the weights at the bottom aujl the weights at the top, and the ship's sides, as the levers along which the force of both was exerted and resisted, suffered in proportion. This however was not the evil of the upper deck coil, nor the rea,son which, after the bad weather had set in, made it an object of constant anxiety and almost of dread to all on board. It was bad enough to cruise with a S^ weight forward of some 250 tons, a weight under which her deck planks gaped an inch apart, and her beams threatened daily to give way ; tut when to these evils was added the fear in bad weather that in some of her heavy rolls the whole m/iss would slip and take the vessel's side out, It will be seen that in the whole the precious coil was justly esteemed the bcie noire of the entire affair— the millstone about the necks of all However, as we have said, nobody thought of these things when on the morning of tl^e 10th of June the squadron quitted Plymouth. It was then to be a yachting cruise— a mere summer-trip— and any talk of wa- tcrproofs and sou'westers would not have been more out of place in a drawing-room than on the deck of the Agamemnon. The day favored this lUusum. The barometer stood at 30 64. the weather was hot and sultry, and after all sail had been set and re-set and cverj- naval artifice adopt- ed to catch the bree«e that would not come. Captain Preedy reluctontly (for we had little more than coal for the voyage home) gave orders to get up steam. The Niagara, having plenty of coal, had tho advantage of beingalw ay s under steam, and the Valor ous «nd a»rgoit did mojily iOhe Agamemnon. Friday was the ditto of the previous day. Tho HIE IIN8UCCE88FIIL EXHKDmON Of 1858. 227 rith the two lor rcspecta tremeudoua would have 2,840 tons onnage, but in which it is of 1,100 hor orlop nothor coil was a coil ' iously with «d weighta d to an &[• raoted the 1 certainly, easier and ever, there :he weights be force of !, however, , after the and alraos^ th a diad cok planks way; \,\xt ,. in some of 's side oat, esteemed cka of all. on on the It was alk of wa- place in a vored this nd sultry, ice adopt- iluctantly orders to idvantage 4 mogt^ ay. The fame coquettish . hreeze came fluttering through the rigging now and then, and it was " Hands, up screw and make sail," and " down screw and shorten-sail," all day, till even Capt. Preedy wearied in his eflforts to save fuel.' Every one wished for a breeze, and there were some who, never having been at sea before, muttered rush hopes that tliey might rather meet an Atlantic gale ; and their wishes were gratified as it turn- ed out far more than the people who expressed them wished. Saturday the weather was cold and dull, but the breeze was so prononcf, that the screw was finally hoisted, and the fires raked out, while the Agamemnon, . under royals and studding sails, went through the water at a rare pace. Bending the foam fron»> her ^ws and leaving a broad trail of still water upon the angry sea ^|MBL What could be better ? It became ^<^s^ JHMHf towards noon, when the wind and sea got up as the glass welUBmf und the water grew darker, and the clouds on the horizon were merged into a dirty Laze, thickening towards the sea, and boding very ill, indeed, to a summer cruise. Before evening came the sail on the ship was reduced to half, for the wind was up, with squally gusts of heavy. rain, and the barometer had gone below 2!), and was still falling rapidly. Such was the night ; but Sunday told" its own tale, for even those least versed in the boisterous premonitory symptoms of an Atlantic gale c^uld see at a glance that we were in for it. The gky seemed a wretched mist^ — half rain,. half vapor — through which the other vessels of the squadron loomed faintly like shadows, watery and unsuljstantial as the Flying Dut(^hman. The sea had changed its bright crisp blue for a turgid foamy aspect, and the great waves of the Atlantic came rolling towards us in tremendous suecession, like hills of water with their tops all jagged and broken by the fierce wind, and their white ousts of foam blown out into a stream of feathery spray that almost hid the huge dark gulfs between them. The Agamemnon, however, still kept on her way, rolling and straining heavily, and giving all a f;iir fore- taste of what they might expect when the gale set in worse, for the wind was fast going round to the southwest, and it was evident we were only at the beginning. There was Divine service that day on the main deck, and, as officers and men sat iu n.spectful silence, every change in the fast increasing violence of the gale could.be distinctly noted through the open hatchways. Heavy rain was falling, and a grayish-looking scud was flying across the sky with inconceivable rapidity ; and every rope and shroud, tautened to *he utmost, was humming with a loud and clear noise, as if ten thousand accordoons were going at once, while now and then, as the ship fetched up near the wind, her great sails flapped and sltrtttsd Hkc pcalr of thuljd*r, jet^ktBg^e T«fl9»»l with an nneaey vibra* tion, as if the masts were coming out of her. Still, among the little oon- fSf Is ' ■ '. » i f5f ,|n: :J 1^ f ,; 1:- 228 THB OCEAN TELEGRAPB^. / gregation, no ono moTod more than was necessiiry to keep liia seat as the ship lurched over, and the service proceeded as little disturbed by th^ war of elements outside as if all were asaembkd within the walls ofl^k cathedral. Towards the end, however, Capt. Preedy looked Up wist- fully through the hatchway Once or twice, scrutimziug. the masts and sails with a kcfn glance, for the storm was getting worse arid the air • darker aftd thicker every minute, and the hoarse roar through the rig- ging was drowning every other sound. Service over, and it was " Hands, f reef topsails;" then again, aftar a little lapse, the same cry; and yet again, till at four in the- afternoon the Agamemnon was rushing through the foam under close-reefed topsaiUand foresail. At half-past fonr we - caughf, the last glimpse of the Gorgon, as making a long stretch to wind- ward jihe was lost in the misty darkness that marked the horizon. At ' five the Valorous began to drop astern, and by six she also had disap- peared ; bat .still the Niagara and Agamemnon held on together— the former under sail and Bteam, the latter, like all the ^English vessels, . under sail alone. Of the two vessels specially appointed to convoy and aesist, if necessary, the^gar.emuon and Niagara, wo saw, no more till ■ . all danger was past and the squadron had re-asSembled at the rendez- •vous flome twelve days afterwards. On Sunday night the gale seemed at its worst. The ocean rcoembled one vast snowdrift, the whitish glare from whioh, reflected ■ I seat as the - THE ■PNSTJCOESdFriii EXPKDrftON OF 1858. , »• 229 trith a heavy slush, an(J thence, hissing -and winding aft, it Toused the opcupants of the cabins aforesaid to a knowledge that their floors were under water, and that the flotsam and jetsam noises they heard beneath wer^ only oaH^d by their outfit for the voyage taking a cruise of its own in some five or six inches of dirty bilge. Such was Sunday night, and such was a fair average of all th6 nights throughout the week, varying only from bad to worse. Daybreak on Monday ushered in as fierce a gale as ever swept over the Atlantic. The barometer was lower, and, as a matter of course, the wind and sea were infinitely higher than the day before. It was singular, but at twelve o'clock the sun pierced through^ the pall of clouds and shone brilliantly for half an hour, and during that brief time it blew as it has not often blown before. So fierce was this gust that its roar drowned every other sound, and it was almost impossible to give the watch the necessary orders for taking in the close ?eefed • foresail, which, when furled, almost left the Agamemnon under bare poles, though still surging through the water at speed. This' gust past, and the usual gale set in — now blowing steadily ^yom the southwest, and taking us more and more out of iQur course each minute. Every hour the storm got worse, until towards five in the afternoon, when it seemed at its height, and raged with such a violence of wind and sea that matters ' I'eally looked serious, even f<»r such a strcmg and large ship as tHg Aga- memnon. The upper deck coil had Strained her decks throughout ex- cessively, and, though this mass in theory was supposed to prevent heir rolling so quickly and heavily as she would hare done without it, yet- still she heeled Qver to such an iilarming exjtent that fears of the coil itself shifting again occupied every mind, and it was accordingly strengthened with additional shores, bolted down; to the deck. The space occupied by the main coil below h^d deprived the Agamem^non of several of her coal ))unkers, and in order to floake up for this deficiency, as well as to endeavor to counterbalance the inunense mass which weighed her down- by the head, a large quantity of coals had been stowed on the deck aft. On eAoh aide of her main deck Were thirty-five, tons, secured in a mass, while on the lower deck ninety tons were stowed tWay in the same manner. The precautions taken to secure these great masses also required attention as the great ship surged from Brde to side. But these'jBoals seemed secure, and were so, in fact, unless the vessel 'shoiild , almost capsise-— an unpleasant alt«rnativo which no one certainly antici- pated then. Every thing, therefore, was made " snug," as sailors call it, though their eflForta by no means resulted in the comfort which might hate been expected firom The i»rm. ""-■ , ~' •' The night, however, passed over without any mischance beyond the '^\ /'^ t\ % iF I \ * rt^/..s,J^,t,.'- .it, '.l-J 230 THK jOgkAN TKLKOfiAl-fl. ■m fi!;- m Pi' |t£i smashing of all things incautious!^ leff loose and capabl!? of rolling and one or two attempts which the Agamemnon made in the middle ^tch api rentlj^to turn bottom, upwards. In all other matters it was , fTe mere ditto of Sunday night, except, perhaps, a little worse, and cer- tamlj much more wet below. Tuesday the gale continued with almost unabated force, thou*li he barometer had risen 29 to ^0, and there was sufficient ^n to ake a clear observation, which showed our distance from the rendezvous to be 663 miles. During this afternoon the Niagara re- jomed company, and, the wind going more ahead, the Agamemnon took to violent pitching, plunging steadily into the trough of the sea, as if she meant to break her back and lay the Atlant' cable ia a heap This change m her motion strained and taxed every inch of timb^ Zt: T: '"^"'""*- I^— "oustosee'howthey woTkS and bent as the Agamemnon went at every thing' she met head first One time she pitched so heavily as \o break one of the main beams of s dt^orf h"''''"'^'*"'^ ''''''' ''^ «^--^-^« forthwUh I If to read •;. ''^''''' '""^« ^ ^'"""^^ ^' ^^ ^^^^P- -^ ^"U^r Suffice, then, to say that there was the same sea and less wind on Satj^day, the 19th of June, things looked a little better The first time that morning since the gale began, some six days previous ^e decks could be walked with tolerable comfort and security, Z' a as! appearances are as deceitful in the Atlantic as elsewhere and during a comparative calm that afternoon, the xrlass fell l2I Tv, thin line of black haze to windward seemed to grTw u! Z 'th. I " t^at, after all, the worst was yet to come. There was much heaVy rain that evening and then the ^d began-not violently, nor in IsTs b^ with a.teadily increasing foTTe, as if the gale was determinX do iL work-slowly, buUo do it well. The sea was " ready-bu" t^hand " ^^ «Jors say, so that at first the storm did little morl than urron th" pondero^ masses of water with redoubled force, and fill the air with tte foam and spray it tore from their rugged crests.' By and bX'^r i Cu^Zth""'";;,"' "'.^"P*'''" P-edy himself remafned on deck wore' and r A "*''^' '" *'' ''"' ""^ ^'^"'^ ^"'"^ — "^ worse, and Uie Agamemnon, rolling thirty degre«» each way was Jaborm^ heavily, and ^training to adangerJu«.f^t ^' At tohr ii If on;! -^~ .1 ^ 1 . At four 4. M., Bail was shortened to olose-reefed foro and main-top- i^l TITE TJNBUOOESSFUL EXPEDITION OF 1858. 331 sail and reefed foresails — a long.and tedicms job, for the wind ao roared an4 howled, and the hiss of the boiling sea was so deafening, that words of command were useless, and the men aloft holding on with all their might to the yards as the ship rolled over and over almost to the water, were quite incapable of struggling with the masses of wet canvas that , flapped and plunged as if men and yards and every thing wore going away together. The ship wajs almost as wet inside as out ; and so things wore on till eight or nine o'«l6ck, every thing getting adrift and being smashed, and every one on feoard jamming themselves up in corners or ho'ding on to beams to prevent their going adrift likewise. At ten o'clock the Agamemnon was rolling and laboring fearfully, with the sky getting darker, and both wind and sea iniireased every minute. At about half-past ten o'clock three or four gigantic' waves were seen ap- proaching the ship, coming heavily and «lowly on through the mist, nearer and nearer, rolling on like hills of green water, with a crown of foam that seemed to double their height. The Agamemnon rose heavily to the first, and then we^it down quickly into the deep trough of the sea, falling over as she did so, as almost to capsize completely on the port side. There was a fearful crashing as she lay over this way, for every thing broke adrift, whether secured 6r not, and the uproar and confusion were terrific for a minute ; then back she came again on the starboard beam in the same manner, only quicker, and still deeper than before. Again there were the same noise and crashing ; and the officers in the wardroom, who knew the danger of the ship, struggled to their fetft and opened the door . leading to the main j deck. H/jre, for an instant, the scene almost defies description. Amid loud shouts and efforts to save themselves, a confused mass of satlorjs, boys and marines, with deck buckets, ropes, ladders, and every thing that could get loose, and which had fallen back again to the port side, yfere being hurled again \t a mass across the ship to starboard. Dimly, aijid only for an instant, could this be seen, with groups of men clinging to the beanos with all their raight,^ with a mass of water, which had forced its way in through ports and n decks, 9urging about • and then, with la tremendous crash, as the ship fell still deeper over, the coals stowed oil the main deck broke loose, and, smashing'svery thing before them, went Over among the rest to leeward. The coal dust hid every thing on the liaain dock ,in an instant, but the crashing could still be heard in all directions, aa the lumps and sacks of coal, with stanoheons, ladders, and mc^ tins went leaping about the decks, pouring down the hatchways, ^nd crashing through the glass skylights into the engine-room below, i Still it was not done; and, surg- still more. to port, and the coals on the; starboard side of the lower deck i 283 THB OCEAN TElEOBiLpH. gave way also, and carried every thing before them. Matters now be- came most 8eriou8, for it was evident that two or three more snch lurches and the masts would go like reeds, while half the crew mitht bo manned or killed below. Captain Preedy was already or, the poop, with Lieutenant G.bson. and it was," ^ands wear ship." at once, w Je Mr, Brown, the indefatigable engineer, was ^rdered to get steam ud ^ immediately. The crew gained the deck with difficulty, and not till after a lapse of some minutes, for all the ladders had been broken away and the men were grimed with coal dust, and many bore still more seri- ous marks upon their faces of how they had been knocked about below There y,^ some confusion at first, for the storm wap fearful ,• the officers ■ 171TT ''"'"•^;^'^'"!'^ ^ ->^ ^^-^'^^-^^ ««a. rumibg mountains high, unltLv^'l''''/"'""'*^ '^'^'^ forwards, so that the crew wfre unaWe to keep theu feet even for an instant, and in some cases were tWn across the decks m a dreadful manner ; two marines went with a rush head foremost into the paying-out machine, as if they meant to ' butt ,t over the side; yet, sti^ to say, neither the men nor machine offered. What made matterV^rse, the ship's bhrge, though lasC down to the deck, had partly broken loose, and dropping from sHe ^ s.de ^ the^asel lurched, it threatehed to crush an^'wfo ventu:! I Z L J 7f f"^^'"'' '^ *^° ^^^' ^'''"'''' ^^ prevailed, 3w.«YrT^ ^"^'"r '^^ ^""""^ '^^^^ ^'"^ ^ ^^ after those Who had been hurt and about the number of whom extravagant ru&or, prevailed among the men. »«»ui. rumora TLore were^ however, unfortunately but too many. The marine Bantry outside the i^ardroom door ou the main deck had not had timj l^^i: f r Tt""^^ ^""''^ "^^'^ '''' ^-^- Sometime ehp^ before he could be got out, for one of the beams used to Zt 2ni?JT- \ }^.''!^^'^ bis arm very badly, still lay acrosa the mn^ed Imb, jamming it in such a mamier that it was found impo«iWe to move It without risking the man's life. Saws, therefore, had^t Beat for, and the timber sawn away before the poor fellow ciuW bT o o'dook in the aftcrnoou bofore this waa qui-e secured the gale .stiil <:ont»,nin^ and tho noa running cvon worse. The condition of the HK.^tH, ton, at this tin., wore a s-mre... of much anxiety both to Capta.n I'roely and Mr. .Mmiarty, the n.aster. The heavy n.lling had stnuned ,nd slackened fhc ^vire nhroads to sueh an extent that they had ^ bceotne perfectly uselesH a.s supports. The lower i„ast, bent visibly at *vory roll, and oneo or twice it seemed as if they „,u.st ro by the board Unfortunately, nothing whatever eould be done to relievo this strain by Bonding d,nv,. any of the upper .«par.s, sinee it was only Ker masts which prevented the «hip rolling still mo-'e and (,uieker ; and so every man knew that It once they were earried away it niight soon be ail over with the v Hh.p, as rhen .he deek eoil could not help going after, them ; so there was no hH,g for .t but to wateh in anxious silence the wav they bent and 8tra>ned. and trust in Provideuoe for the result. About six in the evening it wan thought better to wear ship asrain and stand for the ren- dezvous under easy steam, .ud her head accordingly was put about and once n.ore fared the storm. As she went round she of course fell into .the trough of the sea again, and rolled so awfully ,t8 to break her waste 3toam p.pe, hlhng her engine room with steam and depriving her of tho serv.ees of one boiler when it was sorely needed. The sun s<-t upon a, w.ldand w.cked a night as ever taxed the courage and coolness of ^-^ ?a.lor. rhere. re, of courso, men on board who were familiar witj, gales and storms m all parts of the world, and thero were some who, with wlrT! "r ^t;"-^'"^\'^'''^ -'^---^ ^'H- tre-nJous hurricane which swept the Bh.ek Seaon the memorable 14th of November, when scores of vessels were lost and seamen perished by thciusandfl; but of all or. board none had ever sen a fiercer or n.o re dangerous sea than raged hat n,g and the followu.g morning, tossing the Agamemnon from s^e to s.de l.ke a mere plaything among tho waters. The night was thick and very dark, the low black clouds almost hemming L vessel i„ now an which death approaches man, them is none so easy in fttct, though 80 terrific in appelfirance, oa death by shipwreck. Sleeping was iinpossiblo that night on board the Agatuoiuiion. Even those in cots were thrown out, from their Htrikin;;; against tlie vessel's aide as she pitched. The berths of wood fixed athwart.shipM iu the (iabins and tables were broken, uniiiiisr uver tho floors in^o portmantuauB, t as it flow I'll off by lid port.s, while -the if it was impossible on tho main deck had worked to piecej^j ohostH of drawers capsixcd, and a littlj of the cabins themselves, pouring and breaking oyer carpet bags of clo the scuppers it came in faster by the beams and knees strained with a dofpf they could hold togother^much longer ; ond on the whole it wiw as' miserable and eveit anxious a ni/!(ht as ever was passed on board any line of battle ship in He? Majesty's Hervico. Captain Preedy never left the poop all night, though' it was hard work to reuiaiii tliere, even holding on to tho poop railjvith both liands. Morning brought no chang*', save that tho storm was still as fierce as ever, and, tliongh the sea could not bo higher or wilder, yet the additional amount of broken water made it still more dangerous to the ship. Very dimly, and only now and then through the thick scud, the Niagara coui . be seeij—- one mcment on a monstroua hill of water and the next quite -ost to yiew,,a8 the Agamemnon went down betweisn waves. But even these glimpses allowed us that our transatlantic con.wrt was plunging heavily, shippin/seas, and evidently having a bad- time of it, though she got through it better than the Agamemnon, as of taairso ^he could, having only the same load, though 2,000 tons larger, ffinpnly it came on darker and thicker, and we lost sight of her in ui^ thick spray, and had only ourselves to look after, which was quite enough, for every minute made matters worse, atid the aspect of affairs began to excite most Serious mis"i:ving8 in the minds of those iu charge. The Agamemnon is one of the best line of battle ships in the whole navy, but in such a storm, and so heavily overladen, what could she do but make bad weather worse, and strain and labor and fall into the trough, of the sea, as if she were going down headforemost ? Three or four hours more and the vessel had borne all which she could bear with safety; the masts were rapidly getting worse, the deck coil worked more and more with each tremendous plunge, and, even if both these held, it was evident that the ship itself would soon strain to pieces if the weatlfer continued so. The sea, forcing its way through ports and hawsoholes, had accumulated on tho lower deck to saeh an ei- tent that it flooded the stokehole, so that the men gPuld acarccly romain ^ s, for gf at thoir poata. l -it )N 236 THE OCEAN TEIJj^CiUAPH. If . Every thu,g ^vent su.nshing and rolling abou ' . Oue pluugo pat aU tWelectnca ...Un^nonis hors of .ulpl.atc of copper, wLi.h went cruising ab ut, t,,rnn>g all ,t touched to a ligbt pea green. By and by she be ga.. to «!up .eas. ^ ator ean.e down the ventilators n.ar the funnel into he eng.ue r ,o,n. Jhen a trcn.cndou. sea struck her forward, eir kn.es in water, and the least N a change took place e.ther ,u the weather or the eondi'tiou of the ship. Of thefarst there seemed little ehanee. The weather certainly •stm'd ;; ''7'^"" ^' ^^'7'.'- ^'- -"•'•-y- Iivi.l looking black cloud« seomuJ to be closing round the ves-sol faster a.ul faster than e^■er. For the rein f of the sh.p three courses were open to Capt. Pre,.dv-one to ^ d ,h day before; another, to tairly run for it before the wind and, , n, .h.ni and kst, to endeavor to lighten the vessel bv g..ttin. some o a e overboard Of course the latter would not ha,, been thought d nt that nolwng else would save the ^hip.. Against wearing round I..^_r... was the danger of her again falling off into the trough ofl.he sea the bot,,,,^ .n tea mmutes, while to atten,pt running before .Ik, storm w:th .uch a sea en was to risk her stc.n being stoveln. and a hu dred war^Me_M a be l ow, a ud'h a d fa^ktnHtit .> a . ..>.g}n^ rmrm ;^^^^^^^^ carrytng all before th,an. During these rolls the mL dck c'od .hiftel THE UNSUOOESSFUL EXI'EDITION OF ISoS. 237 over to such a degree as to quite envelope four men, who, sitting on the top, were trying to wedge it down with beams. One of tbem was so . much jammed by the mass which came over him, tiiat he was seriously contused, and had to be removed to the sick bay, makipf up the sick list to forty-five, of which ten were from injuries caused b;^ the rolliU of the ship, and very many of the rcjt from continual fatigue and ex- posure during the gale. Once round on the starboard tack, and it was seen in an instant that the ship was in no degree relieved by the change. Another heavy sea struck her forward, sweeping clean over the forepart of the vessel, and carrying away the wood work and platforms which had been placed there round the machinery for under. running. This and a few more plunges were quite sufficient to settle the matter, and at last, reluctantly, Capt. Preedy succumbed to the storm he could neither conquer nor contend against. Full steam was got on, and, with a fore- sail and foretopsail to lift her head, the AgamemnOn ran before ihe storm, rolling and tumbling over the huge waves at a tremendous pace. It was well for all that the wind gave this much way on her, or her stern would infallibly have been stove in. As it was, a wave partly struck *er on the starboard quarter, smashing the quarter galley and wardroom windows oh that side, and sending such a sea into the ward- room itself, as literally almost to wash two officers off a sofa on which they were resting on that side of the ship. This was a kind of parting blow, for the glass began to rise, and the storm was evidently beginning to moderate ; and though the sea still ran as high as ever, there was less broken water, and altogether, towards mid-day, affairs assumed a better and more cheering aspect. The wardroom that afternoon was a study for an artist, with its windows half darkened and smashed, the sea water still slushing about in odd corners, with every thing that was capable of being broken strewn over the floor in pieces, and some fifteen or twenty officers seated amid the ruins, holding on to the deck or table with one hand, while wltti the other they contended at a disadvantage with a tough meal — the first which most had eaten for twenty-four hours< Throughout the whole of Monday the Agamemnon ran before the - wind, which moderated so much that at four a.m. on Tuesday, her head was again put about, and, for the second time she commenced beating up for the rendezvous, then some two hundred miles further from us than • when the gale was at its height on Sunday morning. Tuesday was a calm, fine day, though of course with a heavy swell on. Wednesday was also warm, fine, and calm, and for the first time for a fortnight we had a real summer day, and the reefs were shaken out of the topsails. Imme- dteteiy the ship began W nm-bcfore the wiad. Oa Monday th© shroud*^ of the main and fore maata were lashed in such a way as to give some sup- 1 1 i' ! i 238 TUB OCEAN TELEGRAPH. i ^i port to the masts, and on Wednesday advantage was taken of the calm to " tauten " up the main rigging three inches, which for wire rope was a great gam. It was well that this was done in time, for on Wednesday, the 23d, the glass again went down ; it was the old song of wind and rain, with heavy squalls, rough sea, and reefed topsails. So little was gained against this wind that Friday, the 26th, sixteen days after leaving Ply- mouth, stiU.found us some fifty miles from the rendezvous. So it waa determined to get up steam and run down on it at once. As we approached the place of meeting, the Valorous hove in sight at noort, and in the afternoon the Niagara came in from the north, and . m the evening the Gorgon from the south ; and then, almost for the first time suice starting, the squadron was reunited near the spot where the great work was to commence. The rendezvous actually agreed upon was 52° 2' N. latitude, 33° 18' W. longitude, but the place where the vessels met was in 5P 54' latitude, 32° 33' longitude, or about thirty miles more towards the English coast than had been agreed upon. The Valor- ous, it appeared, had been first on the real rendezvous. The Niagara was the next, arriving under steam tvo days before the Agamemnon and the Gorgon, which had had a very bad time of it, and was also near losing her masts, was third. The Niagara seemed to have weathered the gale splendidly, though, nevertheless, with her, as with all other* it had been a hard and anxious time. She had lost her jibboom, and her spare spars and buoys for the cable had been washed from her sidls and gone no man knew where.* On the evening of Friday, the 25th of . June, the four vessels lay together side by side, and there was such a stillness m the sea and air as would have seemed remarkable in an in- land lake ; on the Atlantic, and after what we had all so lately witnessed it seemed almost unnatural. ' r U RETURN OP THE SQtTADI.ON, AND ARRIVAL AT QUEENSTOWN. According to the terms of the written agreement, which has been given in the narrative of the expedition, the whole fleet were to return after the two cable ships sliould have gone over one hundred miles towards their separate destinations, and it was in compliance with thin explicit understanding that the Niagara proceeded to the point indicated therein. We arrived on the 5th of July, expecting to find the Agamem- non had got in before us. We were ooiwiderably disappointed, however, when we learned there were as yet no tidings of her, although she had over two hundred miles the start of us on her course. The supposition ,^^The r ,trrj-.pQnden t of thcl ^ u j'm. Tiww. m iiHwwect m t h i, rtrtwnwrt. -Ttre TCTW ^ •r« lost her jibboom, but not her gpare gpani.— Aoraoa. , , "i THE IJNSUCCE83FTJL KXPEDITT^N OF 1"*.^8. 239 that she had, not gone one hundred milcH ffiiri greatly strengtlienpd by her non-appearance, and we were forced to the ounclu^i.ni, after two or three days, that bhe had really returned to the r(>nd.;zvou>, and was there ^^ awaiting ub. . Day after day passed, and yet there was no Aganuunnon, no Valorous. Terrible stories were ciwulated about t!ie missifig ships ; it was said that we had abandoned them, and that the Agamemnon had gone down. The Loudon Times, with tlte most indecent haste, accused US of circulating repoi.d throwing the discredit of tjic taiiuro on the Agamemnon, and intimated tha^ they must wait her arrival before they .received reliable intelligence. At last the Agamemnon m;«Ae her ap- pearance, having returned, as we supposed, to the rendezvous in mid- ocean. The reliable intelligeuco had at length arrived, and it was a8C«»|,- tained that the cable had parted a1»u--°-«>7 certainly a most L aZ Z ' "^^^^'^'^f ^-'^ «" P-«P«ot8 with a gloom tha't seemed to attect every one more or Ipoa w» .„„.» J u« iuu4u or less. We were now on our wav to makp tho tt ' Were' *r'"''\°°' "J^^^^g^ ^^ -urse, we all "hoped for the best. Were we to paSs through another gale before we should bo able make the sphce, and when that splice wa« made, were our efforts to end m another inexplicable break of continuity, or fiacture of the cable These were questions that pre8«Ki rather heavily upon some of us and converted . considerable number into confirmed LptioT HowLve' here we were out8«le of th« Cove of Cork, bound for tL telegraph ren V d vous, and determined to resume the work with the same enefgrif not wx h the same buoyant and sanguine feelings with which we enteSd upon ioS rf "* TT- ''^' '"^P*'^" «"" "--«d sceptical, and the ^lsu.to.ned_tbemge lvo.with tJ>e id ^ t h» t th e n, w ,h^ luxccX^ soooeBBystr :* THE FINAL EXPEnmON. 241 The prospect of fiiio weather, whicli apporred so I'lnomy at the time of OUT departure, grew brighter aw we increased our distance fruiii tlie lancT; the, graf sombre-looking clouds began to clear away, ;uid tho barometer,. which ha^l exhibited a very decided dowiward tendency, now began to rise, and continued rising till it had reached the gratifying alti- tude of 30' 40' Tie only thing of which we had any just cau.ct. ^Htinfe indeed a dead calm , and but for that neTer-coa;sing swell, which has tightly been denominated " the puke of the sea," our vessel would be as motiAliless as " a painted ship upon a painted ocean." Tho smoke which <^ome^, from ^our engina fires through the huge chimneys rises like piUai^nd spreads oUt i|U broad canopy over the masts. " There comes a breeie dead aheaB," m& one of the sailore, pointing t»*tl>e direction of the bow,4nd the .cldW and distinctly defined blue'line which marks the horizon seemed to indi- cate the appeanmce of wind in that quarter ; but an Wur has pagSed since then, and f '<^ry.fM|j'x;a^MyBj^tt|ji^eekn for four days, which are closed by , '*^Mv^.M'mi^^^^MmeT seen under >a tropical sky.^ The, whole ' ^'^!^^^*^*^i^^^t^* ^^^ 8^°"" f™«i the descen^fbg suDj and a*mjt*^ffe^iMW)Uow'thf feit *^*'° iftho world ; the golden glow and th» deep cri^n have disa^^^red, but tha pleasant twilight remains, and will continui with us ^° '°'^gM>" leave but a.small portion of the twenty-four, hours |^ the ; "ivglit. -^ fact the Buraiuei' nights in these high latitudes are hajdly en- : |..litled to the name, and what between the long twilight and ea% day- • ^'ea!f , have scarcely time eflough to get rightly dark. We have now befcn five (3a.ys out, an^ if we jiave only ordinary luck , > we' will certainly be at or near the precise point, which is marked by a dot on the chart of the North Atlantic,, about half ^a,j between Ireland and Newfoundland. To-morroW evenipg, Friday the 23d, is fixed upon as the time of bur arrival, an(J everybody is icJulging in speculations as to the Agamemnoii being there before us. In thi.s all-absorbing question every thing else seems to.be forgotten. Y{o no longer hear of the pros- %:f J^^^ °^ *'^^ heroes and heroines of the romances and novels which have ,,,,'> furnished topics for anim&ted discussion for some days jpast, and no one feeems to care whether the hard-hearted father has or has not been struck S^ith remorge, and consented to make his lovely and amiabk daughter superlatively happy by marrying the man of her choice. designs of the schemer who has been baffled by tjie superior the lover (lovers are always a very superior cIabs of jnen, alti orally poor), have ea^d that condemnation and Virtilous and high-rt(H^: readers are supposed, to p aoters, and even hl yBHi e fate is hwdly thought of tion which Agitates tBFmfnds of all on board our ship. We are about one hundred add thirty miles from th =T* <ruiDg by daybreak. ' i ,■ ' f Th'ruughout the whole of Friday every one was on Llio lookout fur Jhc Agamemnon: but the best telescope on hoard fuiled to diseovit* that sliip, aud BX) wc lay aa near thatj imaginary point ciiUed thflt^ieiuiuzvous, as the wind aud surface current would permit. Saturday uioniing arrived, but with it jno Aganjeranon, and by seven o'clock, Saturday evening, we again made the Jreudezvous, having drifted coii.sidcrahly during Friday mght. To be brief, we had no better success uow than the day before ; and as ftian is a somewhat restless auiiual, we iiocanio both restless and impatient I in our desire to begin the work. The" weather, which cannot be too jliighly oulogizml, was magnificent for cable liiying, aud the barometer gave the>stronge«t aissurance of its contiCuance. Had she arrived on Sundafy it would ha^e been useless, as the reli- gious scruples of our captaih interpose an insuperjible obstacle; and so we must patiently wait till/ jMonday, the 2GtIi. It was, hpwever, Smne- what cdnsoling to learn thht the Vahirous had ari^ived on the morning of the 25th, although she h/id neither seen nor hear^.gf the long expected ship. She was, first seen/ at si3^ o'clock, hut as Wilrcamo along under sail alone, she did not approach near cnou^jjli to exchange signals till nine. [ ' "I hope you are alFw 11,'' was the purport of the signal in^do by our ship. ' \ I • • ■ ■ " Very well, I thank you," was the reply. -" Have you seen t^p AfiJftpienuiqy ? " asked the captain of the Valorous. ' . / " No," replied Captain Hudson; and then asked in return if ho had seen the fJorgon, but to this he received a negative response. And aft.er this brief interview and still more laconic conversation, , the two ships separated. Monday afternoon, July '2G, the Valorous *afl in sight, and tho'sea was aa calm as we had yet observed it — so Cahn, to use the words of omQ£ i%.oreW, i||j|p'^oul4 bo mere child's play to lay tlie cable \]^|fe Wii^^ircilfn^ces.'^'^bout ten o'o^ck CapUin Aldham and,oiMWliiB lieutenants p^id u^ ftije:)dly visit, and remained about an K^V. The 27th" was, bo for as' the .vcjither was regarded, a jwrfect coi^rpart of the l6ti This day wo wef^avored with another arrival, though not that we h^ first e»pectSd. %ie Goi'^oji w^ dfr»- Mwicd about tw6 o'clock m thPifternoon coming.from the eaiitward, and Ttwas but a few minutes after five whan she came iip. Now *! two ships can hardly- come togat lter on thojiigh Wi It thout havi%8om^thiug to V ^' "b¥y to eioToiBer, it is not to be expected tfiatTfiemgaTa and^eofguB would pasa each otlW| without indulging in som^remarkB. ^nd so. N. ■^ ,244 THE OOKAN TELLGRAPIT. •vv^ ■ r ^ J. . . 1 rf It , Captain IluiJson ajid CapUin Daymau had the following brinf but pithy dialo^'ue ■^' Captain II. — I hope you are all woll on board ? Captain I>. — All i^-ell, thank you — hope you arc the fiaino ? > C.ijitaiu 11.— (Nodding an affirniativo, and finishing the rest of the hijnttiice by word of mouth) — Thank you. Captains II. and D. (together)— Have you Been the Agamemnon? A pause, and the (juestion ih repeated by Captain Hudson tilcijc. Captain D. — No, not since we parted. Have you any coal to sipare ? We have had head winds all the way out. Captain H.— None at pll. We have also had head wind.^i^.. I think the Agamemnon could give yau some, a.s she can't Lave burned much sinec she left.- Thus ended the conversation, and the Gorgon passed on to pay her - respectt to the Valorous, which wa.s about two miles off our port (j[uar(t'r. Towards evening we observed both vessels had hoisted their ensigns, but the weather had become overcast and we could not discern any other , ship. We also di.splayed ours, however, so that if it shduUl turn out to be the Agamemnon she might be fully aware of our arrival. We felt confident that she had been soon by the Gorgon and Valoc-wTand that she would make h«j appearance next morning and answer for herself Five days before Wf^had 4uadc the rendezvous", and we were just HcKm- ning to get tired of waiting; and during that time wliat splendid^^ via have had — days. which the Atlantic Telegraph Company could not purchase at ten thousand dollars apiece from that inexorable myth the Clerk of die Weather! However, according, to Lieut, Maury, we can afford to be a little prodigal jthis niotjth. and if we do los-e a few days, why, after all^it can hardly be considered ajoss when we come to reflect that July and August are the two best months in the year for cable lay- •in^. We ar^e certainly entitled to some consideration after the gale through which we padccd last iflonth— a month we were led to believe was the mildest in the whole year. On board of our ship every precaution has been taken to ensure succesW The machinery has been put' in proper running order, and the watclifs are all made out for the different departments. The captain and the li.'st lieutenant, Mr. North, keep watch and watch, that ^i8,,thcy divide the day fnto alternate watches of four hour^ each, with the usual intar- ' position of. " dog watches,"' between four and eight in the afternoon. Mr.' North, it may be remembered, ^tps also first lieutenant of the Niagara last year, and has taken the most a«tive interest in the enterprise. The -tlutywhicb%epelfcnfiea^m connection 1^^ tirely voluntary one, as, according to the rulla of the navy, ho is not if but pithy rest of the uomnon ? n tilcijc. il to spare ? .'^•I I tliiuk :mcd umcl) to pay laer ■ irt (quarter. ;ir ensigns, II any otiier turn out to . We felt SflinJ that for herself, just %K'ti- undid ^S^ could not myth the ry, we can few days, c to reflect ■ cable lay- • the gale to believe re siiecosiBf le watcl»{!S 1 and the ■icy divide lual intar- afternoon, e Niagara ise. The-" ho is not THK FINAL EXPEDITION. 245 considered a watch o^cgr, and his -services ore therefore given freely, and not in compliajjoe with any obligations arising. from his official position. All we want now is a continuance of the fine weather wo have had nearly the whole of this month, to lay the cable, for we still feel coH- vinced of the practicability of the worky despite the unexplained break of continuity and fracture of the wire. CEREMONY OF LATINO THE CABLE, riBST DAT— IDLT 28. We were right in our surmizes that tlSere must have been some rea- sons for the Valorous and Gorgon displaying their flags, and our hopes that the Agamemnon had at last made her appearance, though invisible to us in consequence of the fog prevailing at the time, were^ now fully realized. About five o'clock this morning the mist began to clear away; and some lea or fifteen minutes after, our sister ship could be distinctly^ . seen between two and three miles off our port quarter. Mr. Field had offered a reward to t^e man v^ho would first discover her, an^as may be supposed the crew were t;,..roughly wide awake, and on the lookout for the expected vcsse^. Two or three days befofe she came there were re- ports innumerable as to her having been seen, and at almost ev6ry point " of the compass. The smallest speck of a cloud, barely visible through the best telescope on board, was converted into smoke by those who were determined to see her, even if she were a hundrdd miles away. " That certainly must be her." said one of the quartermasters, pointing at some imaginary object with the telescope, which he had just taken from his eye. " Yes, that's her, and no mistake this time." "Where?" asked a dozen anxious querists all at once, and all as eagerly stretching out their hands for the telescope. , " There, there ! " he replied, looking towards the cloudless horizon— " there ! don't you see it, right there on the starboard bow, about three points?" • ■ , c ' The man who had been most fortunate in securing the glass first, . took a l&ng observation at the point thus indicat«d, and after scanning it three or four times, announced in a tone of di^ust that there was no smoklr^nd that it ^^UJape Flya^vay"— a nautical expression, which, literally translated , jlai iss " nothing." The more enel^ffl''aild enterprising would occasionally run up to gp head of the topgallntrmasts, and take a view of the horizon from that elevation, but with no -better success than those wiw), of a less as- :=^iring mind, femamea on the^dcck, orkept Jseir_ JgokontJ-om^^^^^ castle or poop. n|^ was greater interest manifested in any Bhip Uian 4 tH'- i. lit. % 246 OOEAK TKLEORAFn. the proffered^ reward created in that vessel; and yet it was nbt the amount" liut rather the distinction which the discovery would confer upon the man by whom it should be a|d*||^*kthore was the excite- ment of the thing itself, and that fJijPwPW^ffici^ift to ;^nse the feelJfcga of thejpoat indifferent. Only those whe have been at sea for any leagth of time -an fully appreciate the value of this word, or how l^^ft takes to get up an excitement at sea, where life is but one con- • '"'^^round of monotonous incidents which follow each other in na regu * Iftr^Mcesslon as the hourti on a dial. The " reward," therefore, grew I'tO iRt the magnitude of an important question, and with the addition some whales, which ocoasionally^induiged in spouting, served to make |h© time pass less heavily on our hands. ' The arrival of |!he Agamemnon overtopped all other subjects, and knocked inl#ia cocl^d hat the various opinions which had been,circu- ' lated in rcgj^rd to her engines having brijccn down. " There she is, sir " said the delighted sailor to the officer of the deck, when ho observedjife^ heavy-looking hull slowly emerging from the mist which still hung o^ her mai>t8 li^ a veil. " There she is, sir, on our port quarter." And #ere she cer^ii^ly was— no mistake this time— there were the two white streaks, but stilf^re conclusive than this— there was the cable-wheel over her stem, and there was the other over her bow. It was tho Aga- lemnbn, ten days' out from C()»fc having made the rendezvous t'he"-4 eveningbofore, as we«sub8equ#tlyfeimed. ^, * ' . As has been stated, she was between two and tl*e miles off our port ' quarter ^^enfli^st^iiervc^^d as tWd was no ■indication of cither smoke or steanL weWclud^that she had been^Baving her coaj^nd had sailed the gk^i- part, if not the whole, of the way. This^we after- wards found to be ThcQiflMii as sie had consumed twjtebjmdred of the pve hundred tor w cich she star had ing tfit) pas- f «ige to mid-ocean met with head wiftd^ - 'She^Jwd also a rqi^tion,,^ on a small scale, of the bad weather we ^M^ed' during the raolfll? • of June, but as it lasted .ofply "twenWj|our'H^rs, and as the wind did not xfj-eshen into a gale, there was no gMkfor alarm.* One sea, however, , made ijs way into the ward-roo^yR )^^ gome of th« bulkheads. ^ut «*if the bead w?&ds*.8he wo«« have arrived two or three days sootfer, and thus given us the advanllige of the fine weather with whicli we have been so wonderfully favore4 since we left Queenstown, and, in fact, from tile time the squadron left mid-ocean in June, up to the date of our re-appearance on the rendezvous this month. Hero we are at (last, however, ready to commence operations once more, and determined »f ?^ccess^bejgo88i ble^jl will make every effort tn spcwr e a nd descr ve4t^ WEatcver other charges may be peferred against the enterprise by the T^ X I : .^ THE nUKh KXI'KIiVnON. 247 was nbt th6 rould confer ,s tho exoite- to apinsc tho in at eea for rord, or bow but one oo^r r in na regu- ireforc, grew the addition Ted to make ubjecta. and been, circu- aho is, sir J" )bserTedjHB» I hung over •ter." And 16 two white cabl(!-wheel ifl tho Ajra- lezvous the off our port )n of cither sr coal/ind ii8 we after- ired of the 5 tfit) pas- ration ,f' the inoi|fir ind did nbt a, however, bulkheads, three days «th whicli ivn, and, in to the date we are at determined rise bj the ^ i^- dissali.-fied, it r«annot \e said that those who aiv >;ii^tig«d in it li;ivc shown unyiwiint of perBcveruucc or energy. Altliougli they have met with f.iilure after fiiilnro, and reverses tlwit would have .llscmragr,! ahr,.isi any ullicr body of-niien, they have exhibited a determiiiuti' ii tliat is .l.'sci\ ing of all praise, and a l!j:ri)cfulnesa that n r, are inany who think it a useless exponditnro of iiiiic :uid nujiey. yet there ■ are others who are gMiguiue as to tho IvsuU. ■ There is no wuul of 'energy ortainly among our lufb, and if jou o>nM belief that it is it which causes all the difficultjf-. " Darn the continuity," said an old sailor, at the end of a scientific but rather foggy discussion which a nnmber of his messmates had on the subject—" Darn the conti- nuity ; I wish they would get rid of it altogether. It haK caused a darned sight more trouble than the hull thing is worth. I say they ought to do without it, and let it go. I believe they'd get the cable do^^n if they didn't ^j any attention to it. You see," he went on, " I was on tho laiJt exhibition " (expedition he meant, but it was all the same— his mess- mates did not misapprchead his meaning), " and I thought I'd never hoar the end of it. ""' ■vrlien~wc wcre"irut last They were always t alking about it, and on e nig ht, styeafjlrwas gone ir^: two liour.s, aiad wc "thougiit c*' fw.ji ^ TUK KIS.Vt, KXl'KninON. 249 that -was Uh' end of the atfair, and wo would ruvt-r luar '.f it agiiin. But it <;iiiiit back, and hoou after the cabU- Ku.-^tod Now. I t( 11 you what men; I'll never forget the nigl.t. I tojl ye ; w>- all foil w l.iul lont our bt-Bt friend, and I never hoard the word eontii.uity or rmitlguHy uicntinned but I wasalway^ afraid something wan goin- I ; liap;» n. Ami that'Hafact." This wan conclusive on the^ininds of the majority uf hi,h.;irer.s ; but a number we're of oiiiuion that it was all right, (ind, at tl,c r.-k of being • considered hunibugV asserted their belief that wLntc-vcr might be said against the continuity they coulda t do without it, and thiit hcCiiu-^c it was gone all thejrouble had occurred. The work of paying out the cable was coniiiionci'd at f>nc o'clock. The 8p«!ed of the vessel wan gradually iucrcased at'tor huiVn-ient bad been lowered over the stcriv to r'^aeh tlie bottom, and l.y two o'clock five miles had left the shrp. and Hhe had gon^ two milc.^ from th.; starting point. The observation taken by Iho Agamemnon and Niagara whowed the positicm of both ships, as follows: Lat: 52'' O'.V, loi>g .I'J. "JH'- To accomplisb the work, the former has eleven hundred nautical milcH, and three hundred tons , of coal ; -while the latter had th*; eami^ amount of cable atid five hundred tons of coal. This will give our ..hip from ten to fifteen dayt-' steaming; while the Agamemnon nas eutlj.ieut for ten 'days, should she burn at the rate of thirty tons ^er day. IJut, if we should find that we have'not enough to reach the land with, we will, if ueeesi^iirv, burn the spare spars; and should we be st.li furtb.^r pr.'ssed, ' we will take down wen the bulkheads for fuel. It is not very probable, however, that we shall be reduced to such straits. Mr. Folhuisbee, our chief 'engineer, assures us liiat we wilPhave sufficient. Let u.. once get sight of Newfoundland, however, and thougli every ton of cord in our bunkers were expended, we will contrive to get into Trmily Bay and land ■ the cable. We have already paid out a little over tbirtj miles ot cable, although it is not yet seven o'clock, and the ship's speed varies trom four to five miles per hour. There is a long distance yet, it is true, be- tween this and Newfoundland, and tUi^ miles is a very .n.all fracliou of 88iltniles~the distance fro^/fiffMt at which wt made the sphco to the telegraph station at the iUf'Tvmiy Bay. In this rcspeet_^ the Agamemnon has certainly had tM advantage of us, as .she will hav^ but 813 miles to go— or sixty less than 'the Niagara. The depth of water here, according to the chart of soundings, is l,5f>0 iathoms ; but tho depth, so far as our experience, testifies, presents little or no obsta- . cle to the laying of the cable. The sea is smooth ; th.^ barometer ^ell up : and if wo eaa only do for the nexl seven daj« as w(dl as we huv^ up , iui>i II nv! 'J'*" wuij "- - — — •■ , , 1 r l\ e lone^^nl^^ro'cIocVw*^ wTrT)¥ at N^^ «r' fHW ^ 250 A .THE OCEAN, T£I,KGEAPH. t ■^ .. Ai^^gust, and to New York some time between the tSth and '20th of the " samemwifh. But we have been *,,newhat too ha% in our calcula- tions, l^^r our ship has just slowoa down, and tlie propeller has coased workiBfr for the last ten miuutc-s There must, be something wrong -to cause Kiis. interruption. Lot U3 take a look at the machine. The caWtf fctill t^oi'.s ■■mi, whlcii certainly would not be the case if it had parted. ^ Ah ! .til.,- cf^riuouity 1 that's it— there's where the difficulty _ lies. And • - ah the clociriiiiins are the only parties who can inform us on thatf.oint, . we at once go in search of them. A visit to their office " explains the . whole matter. The continuity m not g^>ne altogether, but is defective-, • .so dea-cuv,. tJ-at it i& impo.ssiblo to get a signal through the cablA Still • there JH not " de-id earth '' upon it, and all hope, therefore; is Hot lost. : \ ■ When dead crirth, as it is termed, h on the conductor, then, indeed , the difll.ul^is bey.md remedy, for it show.^ thai the conductor mu^t be br,,kon. jind is thrown under the influ^mce of terrestrial magnetism." •But the continuity iv.Dot gom, knd although with darkening pWprcts, we are sUn> wife wh^le it remains, even imperfect as it isv The old ' adage, that -'bad news tfavel-. fast," was never more fully realized thanr* m thi8 instance. Tlfe sad iDtcli)genoe.*il...#, aiul «^ 11.30 he had the gratifying Jnteliigeuce for ua tfmt it wa. "all n^H^again." Tho machinery wa^ once more set in motion, . the cahle wa.s .soon going out at the rate of six miles 'an lour, und the cIecU>/cal signals were pa.wing betwecii tho ship as regularly' as H' rioth- mg|liad„oc.ur»ed to lulerfer^ with or interrupt ikp continuity. No <«- plaiiation could be given as to the cau^o of the accident, t^ was to be rehed upon. It was supposed, however, that it had broken (!Vi board' / the. Agamemnon, and that tho end was secured a ttd splir^d befor<> ^ It c^,nld get „Mt of thp ship. Thi., is f,u„red by the fact tiat i* ' would ffike n\i hour or so to make ||,e splice, nvlnch wa*s about thtes by each ship, which not only serve to giye an accurate test of the con- tinuity and insulation of the con4>icting wire, but alsa to give certain - slgnak v^hich, are required to be senjb when the ships are far apart. Silp^ instanceZ-eyer^ten mil* of cable paid out is,signalized from ship t9 ship, as also the approaoh to land or momentary stoppage for splicing, shifting coils, &<5. The electrical apparatus employed ^n board the two vessels is not very complicated, and is siifiply composed of tostitig- instru- ments, .wholly different from those'^tp bo used for the transmission of messages when the ends of the cable shall be landed. ,^ T ." The electric current is generated by siyid batteries oonsisttng of f . r^5" :d^ i^ # 252 THE OCEAN TELEGKAPH. 1^' '■\ ij 9» *plates of zinc and copper, about fourtc«n wjuare inches each, airanged by pairs. These plates are inimerged in a solution of sulphuric acid and water, mixed with saw dust, for the purpose of preventing the liquid from overflowing. Two hundred and forty of these pairs are in opera- , tion on board of each ship. The instrument used foi: senditx? the current thus created through the line ia an ordinary commutattr, iu the form of a reversing key, by which the operator can, at will, send the zinc of cop- per current of the battery into the cable, and by so doing change the nature of the signals. The current next passes tlirough an electro-mag- netometer, an instrument very useful for the purposes of testing. It is composed of an electro-magnet, the armature of which can be " further- ed " or " approached "by a si»all screw, so as to require a stronger or weaker current to attract it. It shows the charge a.s every current flows into the cable and the discharge as it comes out. Before entering the line the electric current is made to pass through a second instrument, called the marine galvanometer, which was iuventcd by Professor Thom.son, of Glasgow University, one of the^irprtors of the company. The magnetic needle, which is placed iu the centre of a coil of wire, instead of marking its own deflations as in ordinary galvauoineters,'has a little mirror fixed to it, 'be reflection of which creates a suiui; spot of light a9cording to the deflections,, moving on a horizontal scale of v^hite paper, placed at about eighteen inches <*rom the instrument itself This instru- ment reports accunTtely the force of the currents, not only in the send- ing, but also in the receiving from the corresponding ship. Besides this marine galvanometer, the only other instrument iu cir- cuit when receiving is the ordinary galvanometer usually employed for testrtig. According to the natjire of the current received, the needle is deflected to the right or the left of a paint marked zero on the dial, and where the needle is in a vertical position when no current is passing through the coil of wire surrounding it. Every one of the deiflections read on the galvanometer, as also the charge and discharge indicated by the magnetometer, are carefully recorded, so that if a defect of con- tinuity or insulation occurred it miri^t be visible by comparison with those received before. These are all the instruments in the electrical department, and this ia a Bimplificd explanation rff their various uses, so that the unscientific can understand them. " Second Day — July 30. v All thfough the nfght the sound of the machinehy never ceased, and the continuity remained perfect. At half past three o'clock this morn-, ing the laat flake of the forward spar deck coil began to run out, and ^ THE FIKAL EXrEDITTOK. ^53 considerable anxiety is mnnifested in regard io the ehangelo that on the forward main deck, which is immediately beneath. Every. i.r<-oai>- . ' tion, however, has been taken to guard against accident, aud \>y a bioh HQCMtrci lu June last.ftfter tprty miles had been paidout of both ships ? This it> which raises the greatest- doubt, in the minds of all, and which makes qv,u the most hopeful ap- -'« 1«_- 254: kA TEra: oceAn telegeaph. !*<■. , i y' ♦ Q prehensive as to the result. That word "continuity " has created more uneasiness and anxiety than any thing connectedVith the work, simply because it is seemingly beyoud the control of scientific skill, and, once • gone, cannot be restored by human ingenuii,y. At any moment wo may "hear that it hsS parted, and sleeping or waking, th^e fear that it will haunts us like a nightmare. Oh, how wo long to see that bleak and barren, but to us, more desirable coast u.ijin any that ever met the gaze of enraptured voyager. What would we not give to be steaming up to- wards the head of Trinity^ay with tiio telegraph station in full view ? Five or six d^ys yet to run, at the end of which time we may be return- ing to Quoen^own, agakn to bring the nellis of disaster and defeat. But wo must not think of defeat now— we are bound foV Newfoundland, and if Providence favors u^, two or three weeks, at the farthest will see us entering the bay of New York, after having successfully accomplished the greatest work ever undertaken by, man. But let us see what pro- gress wc have made during the last twenty-three hours, for it is now twelve o'clock, and we have been paying out since one yesterday after- noon. The following table shows the distance, xnn according to the dif- fereijt logs therein stated . By observation, ., By ship's log, . By cngiaeera log, By paieotlog, 89 inaog. »H inilos. ^■j'l miles. 105 8-10 miles. Tlie length of cable paid out, aooording to the indicator attabhed to the machine, i^ 131 miles and 900 fathoSas, or a surplus ovc^ the dis- tance run, as shown by observation,, of 42 miles and 900 fathoms, which is equal to about 48 per cent. Thw is^a ruinous eipenditure, and if it should continue at the name rate*for the next two or three days, we might as well abandon the underJai'Klog at once, turn our ship's, head toward England, and make the best of v\ir way back. It must not be forgotten, hp^ever, that in starting, a large amount of slack was allowed, so as to prevent an undue strain upon the cable before some fifteen or twenty miles should have been paid out. Of course, it is almost need- less to .Hay that we will bo forced into no such expen,diture during the next twenty-four hours. Besides, we pxpect td be able to. run out the cable at the rate of seven an^ eight miles an hour yet, and experience' has proved -tlKpfester ii is paid out the loss is proportionably diminished. There in sufficient to allotr a sarpTxi8;of thirty per c«nt; and if that should not be e«ough, w« can land the end «t the entrance initoad of at the head of Trinity Bay, as was proposrfd in «^e event of our having suf- ^ficient for tlie purpose. The depth oIt water during the'laat twenty-fofb ' bouni'ha.'^ varied from 1,600 to J, 876 fathoms, but it appears to hare ^^ i-. THE FINAL KXPKMTION. '255 effect upon the laying of the cable— iLn fact, the groat depth of water is ^,ir, one of the least obstacles against which we have to contend. The electrician on watch has just reported to IMr. Field tliafc he re- ceived a despatch a#yenty,one minutes past two from \hc Agamemnon, which is now some two hundred and thirty miles off, and ibnt they had piud out from that vessel 150 milqs ; and at thirty-six miuutcs past two ■ . wo inform- them by electric 8iffl|^ that we have laid the >*ame length. This shows that she is ahead W us by fifteen minutes, which is equal to a mile and « half We have thus far got aloqg most succOs.=fully, but the remembrance of that unpleasant iucid^t about the continuity still ^ clings to our minds, and forbids us'' to indulge in any sangitinc expecta- tions. The weather, too, is btiginning to look unfavorable ; and, vjttit i9 still worse, th^^ barometer is falling, though slowly. A gale at thiFpar- '"^icuiar time would be a most unwelcome visitor, and we trust that although Lieutenant Ma^y was wrong in hij meteorological calculations about the month of June," he >ill turn out to be correct on liiis occasion. . ' The sky is overe matter; t^e ' Atlantic telegraph raa up to fifty per nftnt; and continued going ^p till iti reached the remWkaWe figure- of>ieyenty-fiv« The,oable is, in^-* > ' 1 ^• iv 'A'f^ ■ $- ;\* 1 ti^ X -nj- 256 THE OCEAN TELEORArn. ^ the absorbing subject of conversation on board, and other thinffs are only spoken of amlhay bear some relation to it. That group of sailors near ^.t|ie cook's galley are engaged in an animated discussion ou the all-pir- tiiling topic. One of the number ia trying to persuade his messmates 'that it is iiiipnssible to lay it; but they lend him a rather unwilVm-r ear, and are ^evidently more strongly inclined to' the other view of the suWiect. Among them, too, is the same individual who 4iivcred Lis-' opinion with such p^mphasis' some ■ time ago on " continuity," but wlio ■ has since become a most sincere convert, and a firm believer in the fi^Uh that the -cable can be laijl. The very messenger boys are as deeply Ife. terested in the subject as the oldest tar on board,and at their hc.id stands a bright-looking lud.'.whojHrag rewarded the o^eij day. by Mr. Field for the look-out he kept for the Agamemnon. Iq tie enthusiasm which has snccepded the hopeless le rest mail- I proceed as to the md tltts^ ith whicd last iiak(> !ry eye ia Jiuaining, sn in the • on duty i^nution e rate of ,j^ S0lf-p03- ^ a be, find ht of the le of the' cable in asses oul .he circle 10 arc no tiey have i the ap- idmiring e of the ore they the rules heard atv^ / ^ \ \ t the Aciideniy of Music, and if they had only been indulged a little, they would have rai .;d such a cheer as would have aroused old Neptune from the profoundec; depths of his marine dominionH. The hatches, vrhich were covcri;d over in the construction of the circle, are opened, and the ' daylight is thrown upon the top of the coil/from which the first flake.is now being paid out. The same ficenc w. proscutcd ns tliat exhibittd m all the coils during Hhepaying-oiit process, excopt that the rather dim daylight which penetrates to this deck renders th.' aid of candles a mat- ter of absolute necessity. The removal of the hatches discloses to the view of those above the Knights of the Black Hand sitting, or rather crouching in a very unknightly manner, on theio]) of the cable, as the u-irrow space bet^o'en it and the beams' wf the deck will not allow them to take a more erect or graceful position: Two dozen candles atd a half- d( .en lamps illuminate the circle : for., after 1.II, it is hardly w^orth while ^ spying any thing about the dubious instalment of daylight which is given h.re It is certainly a strange spectacle, that cable pared circle from which the black line ts rapidly ascending to the deck abwe, on it^ way to the bo-ltom of the ocean— those men who seem to have been placed there for no other purpose than to look at it as it passes upwards-and lastly, :that .superintendent, who sits on the out.side of the circle, and whose presence is necessary to make the scene perfect. Iju^'Oae n«d have been placed there for another purpo-.e, and a most i^|^«nt one, too There they sit, it is true, and m a rather uucoii|fqrlal)l|. position for the nu«> ^eing. but wait i^ntil the last, turn of tliis «ake. is ab-JOit leaving tlic circle, and you 4ill see them display the greatest activity. . Now they seize kt in their hands and run ^^itl, it towards t|^e centre or cone, so as to^prevent the possibility. of a kink when the change froip the long to the short turns takes, plUee, and when this ta.sk ig accomplished they return to their places,, until they ar»hole distance-it seems too much to hope for-;ind we dread to think of the future. W-^ count the day not by hours, but by minutes, and retire at night nof to sleep, but to thi«k thnnigk tlgttefHous and we,.ry momeitits of the aSl-absorbing subject. The ^ \>ee8^ tarie.i from l.tifu to L'.'J.V* faflioms. Wind ea.n 1)^ south-t ot. ^^i Agamemnon informed u? at a ipinvter to three oVdock. I'. M., bv tol'.-graph signal, that they had paid out 300 miles of caiile up to tliat time. Fourth Pay — Auf/ust 1. Confidchc^' is growing stronger, nnd there is oonbiderable speeulatioD as to the time w(t shall re;n}h Newfoundland. The pdot who ia to bring ua into Trinity Jiay ia now in great repute, and is beeouiiiig a more im- portant personage every day. ItU o{)inion i.-t .solicited in Tt.'gtird to the weatlior, as he id supposed to know soiaetliicg ahoui it lu these latitudes, and he i^ ]iartionhuly catechized on the navigation of the bay and the formation and character of the eoa.st. We are really b.tginning to have BU-oug hop(!8 that his .services will 1)0 called inio re.|uisition, and that iu the course of ji few days more we will be in sight of land. The night bas passed .without accident, the barometer is rising, and the wind ha.^ »one rouud to the north-west, a t^ure iiidieation that we will have clear weather. But the sea is not at all able as it enters and leaves the machine, and fall into tubs which arc left ear the machine for its reception. Of this stuff a couple of ordinary sized barrels full are collected each day and thrown -overboard. It is all-per- 1 vading, and besmears every thing about it within a distance-bf twenty feet. The course of the cable is marlM^ one continuoiis black line, and .small feathery-looking flakes of.|||Pwhirled through the air, besmear- ing every thing they touch, ^ome^arts of the ship look as if a heavy shower of it had fallen, and ia others it has become hard as it accumu- lated, and formed into littl^j mounds. The. front of the. dynamometer has changed its original green color, and is now almost entirely black, while the operativ«ii at work at and around the machine are covered with large patches of the Rama color. Yet with all its disadvantages it would be a 4ifficult matter to get along without the tar, for it lias proved the greatest preserver that could be found for the cable. I have said that despite the bad weather and teavy sea the paying- out process was going on well, but during the night the continuity was again affrfetcd,and althongh it was restored and became as strong as ever, yet it was fo^ about three hours a very unpleasant affair. It was subset' quently found that the diflSculty was caused by a defect of insulation in a part of the wardroom coil, which was cut out in time to prevent any serious consequences. There were only a few on boarcl, the ship, how- CKf r, aware of the ocfetlrrence until after the defect was removed, wjd the CTectrical communication was re-established between the twp ships. Both Mr. Laws and Mr. Do Sauty, the two ele^ricians on th«^ Niagara, were of the opinion that the insulation was broken in some part of the wardroom coil, and on using the tests for the purpose of isoertaining the precise point, they found that it was about sixty miles from the bottom of that ■e THK FINAL EXPF.mTION. coil, aiitl betw^ien three and four hundred from the part, wliich waH thon paying-out. The cable was immediately out ut this point and spliced to a deck coil of ninety miloH, which it w&.* intended to reserve f r laying in shallow water, and was therefore kept for Trinity Bay. About four o'clock in the morning the continuity was finally restored, and .-xll was going on as well as if, nothing had occurred to disturb the conlideneo w# felt in the success of the expedition. A^. noon wo wore in latitude 4Sf 52'. longitude 45'^ 87', and hUd run, by observation, 154. Uiik*. and by log as follows : rty sliip's lo(r, \iy eiifjiiiecr'fl log, I5y patent log, 1 U miles. HI 0-rt " 141 a-10 " The length of cable paid out was 177 milea 150 fathoms for the pre- ceding 24 hours, which is a surplus of 2.3 miles 100 fathoms over the diatanct!, or 1.5 per cent. The depth of wa^ was from 2,385 to 1,G00 fathoms. Wind north. The signals which have been received ft^ni the Agamemnon inform us that she is paying out at the rate of seven and eif'hr miles an hour, from which we derive the assurance tliat she has fine'woather, and that like ourselves, she is making the most pf it. The nighfrhassctin fine; the barometer continues rising, and although the vessel still rolls considerably, we.have had expc;-lenco enough to tell us there is nothyjg to be feared from this motion. It is, however, impos- sible to throw oflf the feeling of uneaainess created by the interruption of the electrical communication, and those of 'us who have a more ner- vous te.mp'bramont find it a difficult matter to sleep. The writer tried hard for something like four long hours to get into that blissful state of obliviopt'but it was of.no us<3 ; it was impossible to think of any thing else but the cable ; and abandoning the attempt, be got up, and passed the remainder of the night in visits to the coil, to the machine, the stern of a.the ship, and the electrical department. inbfis Sixth Day — August 3. This is tho. anniversary of the day on which' Christopher Columb '^sailed on his voyage of discovery to America — is it to be still further ^ signalized as one of those- on which tho work of connecting the Old and the New Worlds, was accomplished?^ Ileaven grant that 'it may be so, although it seems almost .like presnpiption to hope. And yet there is -a strong undercurrent of confidence that is often the precursor of sncccss, aUhough we are still about two hundred miles from land, and a kink^in th cable, or a hole running through the gutta percha into the con- ductor—and through which you could not even force a hair— would ren- der the labo^ of years utterly unavailing, we are so confident now, tha»^ ^il 266 THE QCKAN TELEGRAPH. we arc oalculating on seeing land to-mo(row morning sometime -ibout cdx o'clock, as the observation which was taken at noon to-day shows that it is not more than one hundred and fifty miles off. The great work of this morning wa.s the change from the fore hold coil to that in the wardroom, which are at least tyro hundred feet apart. This took place at eight o'clock iu the morning, and as the time was known to all on board, there was even a larger crowd assembled to wit- ness it than I obpurvcd at any of the other changes. It was considered a mo.st critical time, and although the operation turned out to bo very simple, it was anticipated by some with considerable uneasiness. The splice between the two coils had been made some hours in advance, and men were stationed all along the line of its course from the hold to thi" wardroom. Mr. Everett and Mr. Woodhouse were Iwth on hand, the best men had been picked out to pass np the bight, or bend, when the last turn should be reached, and" one man, named Henry jPaiue, a splice^^, was .specially appointed to walk forward with the bight to the after or wardroom coil. As tlie last flake was labout to^a'paid out, the ship was slowed down, and by the time the last three 6r/pur turns came to be paid out, she could hardly be said to be moving through the water. The line' came up more slowly from the hold, until they were nearing the bight, where it could not havij been going out faster than half "a mile an hour. One more turn and the bight comes up. The^e is not a sound to bo heard from the <;rowd, who are watching it with eager and anxious faces from every point of view. No one speaks or lias ventured to speak for the last minute, except the engineers, and they have very little to Bay, for tlieir orders are conveyed in the most laconic style, and the quick *' aye, aye ! " of the men show that they understand the full value of time. " Now, men," says Mr. Everett, " look out for the bight," as tho.se in the hold hand it up to the men on the orlop deck, and it is paflsed #ro|n hand to hand till it reaches the platform and long passage which has been built upon the spaf deck for this part of the work. Here the bight arrives at last, and Paine takes it in his hand, paying out as he follows the line of the cable to the wardroom coil. How anxiously the men watoh him as he walks that terrible distance of two hundred feet, add think that if he ^oald happen to trip or stumble while he holds that bight in his hand, toe great enterprise may end in disaster. It is not a difficult task, but how of^en have thibgs tliat are so easily performed, been defeated by want of ^spolnesa . There is, however, such an easy self-possession about the nian as he comes slowly after the long black line, that it in,sj)ir:p8 confid^pee. " All hands" have deserted the decks below, and foUov- him as he walks aft, and one in but impatience to get a glimpse of him, has nearly fallen through the skylight of the TUB nNAL EXPEPrnON, 96T engine-room, in which ho has smashed several panes of glass in the effort to save himself. " Pick up the pieces," says Paine, in a vein of quiet hiunor, as he proceeds on his coarse, without inlcrrnption, and coming up to the wheel, which is immediately above the wardroom, he straight- ens the bight, and the cable begins to run uut from the top of the coil^ on the deck beneath. Ili^ work is done, and as the Hue passcH out o^ his hands, he receives a round of applause from tlte hands <^f the h|)C« tators, who, but for those terrible navy rules, would have greeted him with a cheer tliat would have done his heart good. As it is, they must ^ve vent to their feelings in some way, and the exclamations of " Well done!" " That's the fellow!" "By thunder, ifs all right!" "Good boy, Paine ! " are noioi j>ad compromise after all. Besides, it might be rather premature at this time to indulge in any triumphant expression of feeling before we are even in sight of land. All the signals we have received from the Agamemnon are most en- oouragiug, and shottr that up to the present moment she has been as for- tunate and successful as ourselves. If her per contage of loss does not ezeecd ours, she will doubtless land the end of her half of the cable at twelve o'clock to-morrow. As we have some sixty miles further to go before we reach the bay of Bull's Arm, which is at the head of Trinity Bay, wo cannot accomplish our part of the work before seven or eight o'clock in the evening, and it is doubtful— on account of the condition of a portion of the cable which wo have yet to pay out — whether we can do even that. " The defective part, which was discovered yesterday in the wardroom coil, rendered it absolutely necessary to cut about sixty miles of it off, and to splice the severed end to the quarter-deck coil of ninety miles. This part of the line has been coiled so often, that it is bent and twisted to such an extent as to render it difficult to pay it out' as fast as the other parts with safety. For this reason our lauding will be delayed much longer 'than we expected, and it is hardly probable that we will be able to get into tke bay of Bull's Attn before Thorsday morning, the 5th instant. The observation taken at noon to-day, places us in latitude 49 deg. 17 min., longitude 49 deg. 23 min., showing that wo hive run since twelve o'clock yesterday, 147 miles. Our run, according to tiie different logs, is as foltows : \ ■ \ By ship's log .187 mllcft. ■ By engineer'g log, .... 188i " By paunt log, . . • 134i " Ib making this distance, 161 miles 763 fathoms of cable were paid ' out, which sbowa a surplus of 14 miles 613 fethoras expended, or an ex- * 208 THB OOBAM TXtKOBAPB. oew of ten per cent. The depth of water vapicd from 882 to 742 fathoms. Wind north-west. At h»lf-past two the Gorgon made a si^ to us, which, translated from the numbers, reads as follows : " I congratnlate joa on your snocess." To this the following signal was sent : '" Accept my best thlwiks." The weather was ms^ificent, and the surface of the ocean was hardly disturbed by a ripple. I have stated that the wind was W.N W and that 18 what the log of the ship says, but at times there was not enough to waft a feather, «id the day was one of the mildesf that this high • nortiiern latitude h.^ ever seen. There mik no indication of fog, unless the light summer haze that rested over tho water «f«re, was trans, fomed into a mass.re fort, with parapets and afl the works of offence and defence While looking at another, the crest of which rose above the water like a mountain peak, it fell apart, and sinking below the su^ foce for a few momenta, rose again in an entirely different form. One part resembled a Lu-ge cliff with precipitous sides, in one of which was a miniature ba;^, on whose shores the swell of the sea broke in foam. The slgr was one expanse of deep blue, except immediately over our heads. There was^somethmg so remarkable in its form and appearance that those who felt inclined to look upon it as an auspicious ^iT^^^ ^Heaven intended thus to crown our success. L mark Ttilc^ agement of the enterprise. .. The calm that rested on the waters during the day wa« prolomred Ere tm ^IT^f*", ""T* °P »^«^« *)>« ^''ter «ke immense rocks. There will be httle sleeping on board the Niagara this night for early A''T~& tvp:, "W^ ,ry*M^iv\. tST^'sSir ir.izc^v^' i-\JV'' ^» THE FINAL. KXI'KDITMN. 209 Seventh day — A wjust X. The morning of thin day will bo inoinoraMo in the history of the world, as that on which the Niagara firsrr.uiK! in sijrht of thf inland outpost of tho Aiuoriciiu cOiitinent, bearing to its hhoros ono cijjl. of that great eloctric chain v-hidi is to destroy both time and diigtanoo, and bring tlie Old World Into thi: closost coinmuniouwith tho New It is an occasion f only second to that on which the cablo will h«. landed at the tcriaina* of tho great ocean line. . And what a movninj; this is, so bright and so . clear;, within a few milos of the shorcM of a country winch has l>ceu truly termed the land of fogs! Tlierc is iiot a breath of air, and were lt,not for its ever heaving pulse, the ocean would lu us still and as motionlesa » as-the depths of the great jilateau itself. As everybody is anxious W '/•' see the laud, everybody is on tho lookout. Tha men in the foretop are not sutisficd with that elevation, and ha^c gone tip some fifty or sixty feet higher, while the main a\id niizen-iua.^ts have each a uuniber of volunteers, every ono of whom ejjpects to be the fir.~t to report laud. The forecastle has its loiik-out.s too, although there is uo prospect of their getting ahead of tho others. At seven o'cjock land was rcpwted from the rmiin-mast, but the re- port was' a little premature, for it was nut really seen. About eight, howe\er, the jBhocring cry of " land ho ! ' ^^^ through the ship like a clarion note of triumph. Land at la^t, an^mx day.s of 8uch anxiety » and ^lu.Sjmnse as few men ever pass through — sil'days of weary watching, of fev<.'rish ri'stleesness, and ending in nights that brought no repose Land at last — yes, there it is, defined boldly and distinctly against the western horixon. Oh ! friends at homo, wlio believed we could not suc- ceed, and who trembled its you read of that fearful gale, and the dangers tlirough which we passed, liad you seen the glowing aces, and the tear? of joy that filled the eyes of alt as we gazed upon the glad sight for hours, you too would have felt as we felt. With what deep earnestness we thought then of home, and how we conjured up before our mental vision tho glad faces that would welcome us ou our arrival ! What a scene of wild excitement New York will present as the news that tlie " imprac- ticable enterprise " has succeeded, :md t!|ut in little ^nore than a week the Niagara will make her appearance in jits bay ! But the^ioicc of cau- tion warn.s-.^his that startles the mind with its wondcrn ? It is bleak, barren, rocky;foggy, wourtUlnoas Ne> foundland, and there J^foro us is the entfance to Trinity Bay, near the head of' which the cable is to be landed. The cities, and villages, and mountains suspended in mid-air with their jK^aks downward, are simply so many forms of the mirage, on which wo have been gazing in bewildered astpnishment for several hours pa*Jt. r It is now half-past two o'clock, and we arc entering Trinity Hay at a speed of sev.;u and a half knots an hour, paying out the iJahle at a very siight increase on the same rate. The curve whi h it forms be- tween the shij) a'nd the water proves that there is little < ,■ no strain upon , It, and proves also another thing, that it can be run out at^eight, nine and r believe ten miles with thi? greatest safety. This, however, as T have previously stated, cannot be done with old cable that haJ \^en coiled so often as to have a tendency to kink, and there is, as has /{)eon already intifuated, some of this kind which we will be obliged t^ pay out before lairing. A signal, signifying " all well," ha? been jreceived ^ from the AgataemnoB, which must now be on the point of landing her cable in ValeuL Bay, Ireland, which is about 1,640 mile? from our present position! There is as ^jet no sign of the Porcupine, the steamflsr which was sent out by the British government to await our urriva],,and render its any assistance welmight require ; and we ffcar she has gone round to St. John's, having ablndoned all hojve, ^fter our failure/in July, of ever seeing the Niagara! The only sign of life we have ^t seen is that pre- 80»ted by a few fisBing smacks, wlioso occupants se^fm to know who and what wo are, but who, with one exception, have not exhibited the slight; est enthusiism. T lis individual waved his hat tiree or four times, and** gave other indicaticns of hi.<» i)loasyre at seeing' us, and this is the only .demonstration ^ hive yet received of a priNrate or public character. A few minutes-i pa.st five a steamer wa/ reported itf the ba}-, and Boon after she was iiade out to bo the Por/upine. In half an hour, her rilK FINAL EXrKDmoN. 371 conimlui(lor, OapUiti Otter, came aboard, and l.ad a conmiUalion with Mc. rield and Captain Ihidi-oii. Ho had, lio said, givon up all hopo'of seeing the Niagara, but had ncvcrlheluPH pcmted look outs on Bull's Island, which coraraaDds a view of the bay and a long distance out to Boa. The minute he heard of her arrival ho sent a tol.igraphio despatch to St. John's, to not«-y the piioplc there of the fact. Mr, Field himsidf soon after went up to the telegraph 8l:itiou, wbidi is fifUion miles from whore our ship now is, wHh deapatchoH for New York,, and which, al- lowing for Uie difference in time between the two places, will ke received there to-night at least an hour earlier than they art aent. The Gorgoi^hoiBted the Amerjoan flag some hours ago at the fore, an4 the Niagara carries the Englifth at the fore, while the telegraph flag floats from her n.izen. Our progress up the bay is rather slow, on ac count of the condition of the cable, already ulludod to ; and it is now sottiied that we cannot get to our landing-place near the station- before to-morrow morning. We are paying out the cable at three nnles an b4r, and M it is dark, the Poreupine goes ahead, and leads the wi^ tiwards the Bay of Bull's Arm. The bleak mouutain.i loom up through le night, and a huge bou^re, wliieh has been built up in honor of our Irival on a neighboring hill, throws out colmnns of dcum black smoke ' Ind great tongues of flame. It is a strange scene, of which our ah.p is • low the centre, and in which she is the principal object. The. moon Umt yet risen, but it is not so dark us to prevent yo, r seeing, though ihlistincily, to a considerable disUnee. The after-dcck coil, from which tU <»«tM1? goinR «"*' "^ illuminated with luinps", and about a down m«» arllltSing around the circle, ready to pounce upon any kinks that may make their appearance. The work is continued 8uca,.ssfuly to the end of this day ; and as there arci but a few more miles ^f cable to be paid out, ii will belauded to-morrow morning. ^ ■ According to obserration to-day, the latitude was 48° 17 , longitudoF 52° 43', showing the distance run to bo 146 miles. The length of c^lo paid out was 154 miles 360 fathoms, the loss on which did not exceed b per cent. Depth of 'water fronx 742 to 200 fathoms. ^ / LANDING OF THE CABLE. Eighth Day— Aug>'f l...t h,ur. Tho i„toI!i.on,.... ,. ^ -y;"';MH- l- opon,t„,H have b«..n at m.rk all, day and night, and BflllahorwUhaH^ much zoal a.s at the co.n.nencc.nont. N>h.,U N buH thought ol go.„K to bc-rf, |.,c.,.pt a few «ho are to cxhauHfed by their ' b^u,,. watc ,n« H. to^dor ros^, a nuUter of in.pcra.ivo noLi.y. - ILree of to N.aga.a'n b^H havcf^een lowered, and two of thoM, are to bob! or buoy tho cuMo at some distance fnnu tho stom of the vf.sel . , wh.lo the th,r,l reoeivca a sufficient length to reach the tolegranh «tatIo„ whu.h .. about half a ,„ilo f. .,m the shofe. Ah tho Nmga'^\ J ^ Hrou;.h to anchor, tho cabicri. paid out over tho ,„achi„o%iri. the aid , th. l.ttle Ht.-a,n enpiuc^vhid, in put ir. gear witb the payi„g-out ■ ■^^. KU.t a nulo and a half is lo^ecr.d and coiled in the bJ and by sunr^e every thing is .eacV for^he cou.pba.on of tho ,vori-' here.H such a K,ugularcoinc.dc„oc connected with this very part of ^ the .cable wh.ch,K now about to be hnded, that it deserves part.cular menfon her. By reference to the a<.ount of ehe expedition of^^ year ,t w.ll bo .ecn that the laying of tho oablo wa/ ..n.^oncef:' Ul nt,a l.,v, Ireland, on the 5th of August, and that over threo hun- dred „nle. of u had been paid ottt before it parted on tho Uth of the < .aruo month. Sorue tfme after fifty or bIx^ nnles wer. rocove^nl, and ^iuH IS a part of tho .amo cable ,.lnoh Ih now about bein. lauded It .. alHo Homewhat singular that tho cable was broken on the 29th of Jun« last and spliced again on the 2t)th of July Before the landing of the cable, Captain Hudson notified tho Cap- tams ofnho Gorgon and Porcupine, and about'iive o'clock tho boat of ^ he N.agara .verojangod in a re^ar lino and connected with a hawser t* tow that on which die cable wa« coiled to tho landing-placo, S telegraph flag was displayed from tho mizen truck, while L EngFisTi' - % was h.,H cd at tho fore, and tho American at the mizcn peak A ' .rn, ar coinphnient was paid t. tho American flag by the British vcs- 80 «, and soon after our boat, pushed off fronf the ship wo observed ' otiiers com^ij from the fiorgon and Porcupine to partLpat^^W o - consummation of the great w.rlc. AF the officers of the N agara w h / ,^o<.,c^t.on of those ou watch on the ship, wen, in tho boats.'hT i^w^ ' of which numbered altogether ab-nt sixty mon^ The^o. witl/the cr I > from tho boa^^ .f tho British .hips, and all the ofBcers, F^gli.h 3 M.erioan made a t<,tal of about one hundred men. The d, .uLtration wru certainly any thing but a pageant, for there were none of 1 Z aocessones which make uf, what is' gc-nerally understood by the word • i { J eon sent fr(T,i Bil«')« of tulil< intclli^dnci' , i«iaHm M'liich If and night, nt. N>ho(lj N fifed by their k'o iioooasity. - iif tht.'M) nro >f the vpHSftl ' raj^ii Htatinrj, "a has boea irii the aid paying-out • n the boat, f the worJc, !ry part of » particubir ion ofjaat inicnoed at three huu- 1th of the '' vefed, and mdod. It 3 29th of' 1 the Cap- X. bo boats of a hawner, 'ace. The Euglihli peak. A ritish ves- observed ite-^fti the i^ara, with the crews the erews ~ slish and )natriition of those he word ; ' TUK riKAL KXi«i)rno»i.r^'' .% 278 r' ■ • ' '■^-t"''f. ,,-, but there oonld be none who were imbued with a higher Uppn^eiution of the character of the occaaion, nor who were bolter 4ualifie'd to do it boner ; and it i? doubtful whether the preeoneo Of thounand« would • have added any'thing to ite importance or aolo^inj^y. It would bo a difficult matter for one who -has Been netbing but civic procoaaions to form an idea pfvthat which attended the last act in the. completion of this poterprise. The scene, tl»e circumstances, all conspired to render it totally difforetJt from any celebration the world baa ever aeen. The Bay of Bull'« Arm is an inlet of the sea at the head bf TrinUy Boy, frorti which it Bins, between a range of irregular WUs, adiatanoe of about ten miles. Some of those hilU rise to the dignitjwr mountains, which are in many places wooded down to the^ water's edge. The inhfls.pitoble nature * tho'climate, combined with the barren and rocky soil is Hiher unfavorable to vegetation, and the for&te are composed mainly of a stuhted variety of pine, which seldom, attains a height of mare than 30 feet; while th^ turf, which in somcpliKies covars the rooks to tlie depth of three or four feet, is overspread ^ith a tbick growth of moas The streamf, which during the sumnjer season become mere nv-^ nlets^ are converted into foaming torrents by the freshets which fellow^ the breaking *p of the long and dreary winter. Judging from the hilly and mountainous oharao^^ of ttis part of the country, and, indeed, of the whole islan*, the construction and establishment 9f railroads m the '' fardistent future muflt prove a terribly exponmve it«&ur. The landing- place for the cable is a very picturgjque little bo«ch, on which » wharf baa been constructed. A road,n the boats arrived *t the landing the officers and men jumped ashore, and Mr. North, first lieutenant of the Kiagara, presented Cap- tain HttdsSn with the end of the cable. Captain Otter, of the Porcu- pine, and Commander Dayman, «f the Gorgon, now took hold of it, and all the officers and men foUowing their example, a procession was formed alojt the line. As the cable was covered vith tar, the handling of it waTrather objectionable, ^ut there were none who, under the ciroum- stances, refused to takTa part in t^c landing. There were some, it w true, ^ho would not at first put their bare hands to it, and who sought to protect them wTth gloves, or by covering the cable with moss.^ Thw movement, however, wa. rather unpopukr; so the gloves wore taken p^ and althaugh part of the moss adhered to the cable, there waa little oflt used afterwards. ' The road or path over which wo Ud to Ukevtho cable 18 , . - * r , .^ J . S74 THE OCKAH TEMORAPH, f ^ 1' : ii,; i • 1' I IV • •» other evergreen. In «,„,« pl«»« the tl^ ;hth ^71 f^'T^"' on the top of the highest mouBt.in8 wJ « loft wi^K / '^ ^''' you would sink to^ur -.Ide, Tit Tr« " ^ ^ '^°* '""^ '^^' whoever they ^^rej,., .nSX,:^^ lX't::t^^ notice they had to make it passable and it- ^7 "^"'^ •pile tkeir wolUnown .biUtie. u luTigMoni. ' \ Never w« such a remarkable seem. p«.««ted ,iDoe tie >,orld beean work i::i„i*'' r^ ^' ^^ '^ '-^-^-. •» «j- - «^ 1^ but a. on« .nV! • , ^ *^*^ "^ ■"*«*y «<* «»1«»«« appear ^dB the eleotno chain which bind, the two worlds together No " 11 "IT.^""' • «**•* "•*^*^' *^« «nounoenM«t of whieh will ,u tthtt"wl^r"Kl""*"^'«^''^-°"*--»* TheooIilLt ^ ^0 ?ar«J^wi*'" r* ^'^^ ^ ^^' '^^ '"^ '^^^ eUolricians. _ — -ti^ '"" »n»ar iiuuaulf JT «-wte^ or tEu pdnV •nd wiU » oonple of hun- «tof pines and to found here «sent rains that or road-makers, sr at the short say they suc- ; that they had 1 • a little more B had to march - it rcasooablo to on, would cer- <{ the steppiug- unged into the inoe that satiti- i4 01) land, de- i» o'clock, and '• The ascent »ogot to th( iw fnx a jour- ith us lay the Tfinity Bay, u« oattons in ■nd if we ex- » «agle habi- world bf^n. i«in as if the d« Looking '«*wo appear liirdieDd the ti«« a dreani, held in our ^. No, it ek wUlsUr- > ooDtiouity, ^ftet aow «B Bloolricians, lie oorrent, re done the THE FINAL KXPKDITION. 275 dV and will neret "forget the singular acid taste which it had. Some r«ceived a pretty strong shock — so strong that they willingly resigned the chance of repeating the experiment. About twenty minutes after we started from the beach wo reached the station of the Atlantic telegraph on tlus side of the ocean, where we found some half doien of the inmates awaiting our arrival. The station is a large frame building, two stories high, and eight windows wide. On the first floor is a kitchen, an office and a sitting apartment, dignified withtlie title of p^rilM- The doc- opens on the side of the house, and there is no meam^ ol^|l from the front, for the simple reason that the first story is'eight or ten feet from the ground. This singular arrangement is explained by the fact that the building is situated on the side of a hill, and that there is a oonsiderablo difference between the height of the front and back walls. The second story is divided into sleeping apart- ments separated by a single corridor, and the whole establishment will lodge about a doien persons, A beginning has been made in the clear- ing away of the forest in the immediate vicinity of the house, and in the course of a year, they will have as pleasant and as comfortable a dwelling perhaps as any in Newfoundland, although it may not have all the luMies of civilieed life. Of the details of domestic life at the telegraph stetion more will be stdd hereafter. Meantime we must continue the particu- lars of our narrative. On the arrival of the procession the cable is brought up to the house and the end placed in connection with the instrument. The deflection of the needle ou the galvanometer gives incontrovertible evidence that the electrical condition of the cable is satisfactory. The question now is, how shall we properly celebrate the consummation of the great event ? How, but by an acknowledgment to that Providence without whose fa- vor the enterprise must have ended in disaster and defeat Every one feels that this ia all that is necessary to make |he celebration complete, and to mark the undertaking an the work of two great ChrisUan nations. When, therefore, they all gathered together before the telegraph station, they understood the purpose for which they were assembled. Capt«n Hudson took up his position on a pile of boards, the officers and men standing round amid shavingsy stumps of trees, pieces of broken furm- ture, sbeeta of eopj er, telegflaph batteries, little mounds of lime and Bjortar,-branches of trees, hu^ boulders, and a long Catalogue of other things equally inoongru(ms. • " We have," said the captain, " just accomplished a ffork which has attracted the attention and enlisted the interest of the whole world That work," ho continuoi, "has been performed, not t^ ourselveB; there hai hten an Almighty Hand over ua and aiding to; ^ irithottt \ ; u. 276 TKK OCEAK TKr.EGBAPn. Pi- r , - i I Ii H -^ / the D,vme a..s,stanco thu, extended us, euccos. wa« impossible. With this conviction fimly impressed upon our minds, H becomes our duty fo acknowledge our indebtedness to that overruling Providence who ho! J« the sea m the hollow of his hand. ' Not unto us, Oh Lord ! not un.o us but to thy name, be all the glory.- I hope the day will never cone whc>^, mall our works, we shall refuse to acknowledge the overruii.. hand of a D.v.ne and Almighty Power. It is He who can rebuke th^ wtnds and calm the seas. He works in a mysterious way for his people. H,s path IS on the mighty waters. We have seen his power in the empest ; and when we have called upon Him in the time of trouble; He has heard our voice.' And yet how ungrateful we are for all His favors and how soon wo forget Him when the trouble passes away like the summer cloud or the morning dew. On a solemn Occasion like the present we .hould feel more particularly our indebtedness to Him, and maTfl ' f? x'/ ?'"f ^' ^"'''"'^^ ^^ '^'""^^ acknowledge the n^any favors which He has bestowed upon ns. There .are none here, I r^r; t"'^ '''*" "' °°' "'^'^"^^'"g with feelings of the. liveliest ni?sh d H ."n" """■"' ''' ^''' ^"'^ "'^'"^ has been aceom. phshed through His permission, and who are not willing to join in a prayer of thanksgiving for its successful terminatiou, I will, therefore ^k you to jom me in the following prayer, which is the same, with a few necessa^- alterations, that wa,s offered for the laying of the cable : rulest ?h ^''""'"Wl'^ «''^' ^^« »l™« ^Proadest out the heavens and n^ est the raging of the sea, who hast compassed the waters with bounds 1 IvV",!^'^ ^'"' '" "'' '"^'■'"'^ "'^'"^'^^ winds and the sea obey-look down in mercy, we beseech Thee, upon US, Thy servants who now approach the throne of-grace, and let ou; prayer asLd bet^: Thee with acceptance. Thou hast commandbd and encouraged us in all our ways to acknowledge Thee, and to commit our works to Thee ; an.l handiwr^i^r".'-^'"^^^^^^ '" ''"^* ^'^^P""'^ and to prosper our handiwork We desu-e now to thank Thee, believing that witho^ Thy td commit all who have been engaged in this undertaking to Thy care' P otection and guidance. It has pleased Thee to enable us to complet.^ btlTnd " -r '-' ^'''^ ^'•'^^''^""^'' *« undertake, that b'eing be; un and earned on in the spirit of prayer and in dependence upon .motmg the increase of unity, peace, and concord. May Thy hid of power and mercy be so acknowledged by all, that the language of every heart may be •< Not unto us, Lord ; not unto us. but unto^hy nam' W £"'' tL'l^^ "''™^ ""'y ^« '»'*"«-«'^ '^^^ --g«'fi^ il«L_. ^fia ^«* *«>»*«« iSoBfroHpd the witids and the sea by ^hy air ,.^A.;. ^. THE FINAL EXPEDITION. 277 possible. With nes onr duty fo iencf; who h(>IJ« Lord ! not uiUo Till never coiie the overruliiis ran rebuke the for Lis people. 3 power in the of trouble; He all His favors, away like the Jasion like the is to Him, and knowledge the ■e none here, I 5f the. liveliest w been accom- ng to join in a will, therefore, i same, with a f the cable : le heavens and » with bounds i and the sea Thy servants, ascend beibre aged us in all ;o Thee ; and o Jirosper our without Thy o'sire humbly to Thy care, 3 to complete }, that bein^ adonce upon lions, by pro- Thy hand of age of every Thy name, gnifiod ii ^ns 1 by Thy al- ' mighty po>ver, and granted us such favorable weather that we were en- abled to lay the cable safely and efifectually. Finally, we beseech Thee to implant within us a spirit of humility and childlike dependence upon Thee ; and teach us to feel, as well as to say, " If the Lord will, we shall do this or that." Hear us, O Lord, and hear us in those our petitions according to Thy previous promise, for Jesus Christ's sake.' " The •' Amen " which followed the conclusion of this prayer showed what a sincere response it receiv^ from the hearts of all present, and the depth of feeling it excited. " You recollect,'' proceeded the Captain; "what our Saviour told his disciples, that if they had faith, even as a grain of mustard seed, they could move mountains. We have performed a work, or rather we are thankful to God for having performed a work for m, \frhich has been ridiculed by a great many who regarded it as an impossibility^ We have been peculiarly favored in being permitted to be Hifl agents, and we are pleased to acknowledge that it was through His instrumentality the work was performed." At the close of the foregoing remarks the audience of " cable layers " dispersed, some to amuse thom8<;lves in short excursions about the grounds adjoitving the station, and others to explore the mysteries of the building itself. About an hour aft«r, the captain, officers and men a88em})led on the beach where the cable had been landed, and where they »e-embarked for their several ships. Up to this point, every thing had been conducted with silence and in a spirit of moderation, which some might oonsider ill-suited to the greatness of the work, and the feeling which the occasion might reasonably be supposed to call forth. Had such a scene occurred in the harbor of Now York, it would have been impossible to restrain the wild enthusiasm and excitement of the people. And who is there under the circumstances that would desire to do so ? But the men who laid that tarred line across one half of tlie Atlantic, and who had passed six days in anxious watching, in^^rriblo suspense and in the midst of apprehension, one day hoping against hope, and the next fearing when the prospect appeared brightest, thinking of the one thing by day and dreaming of the one thing in their short and troubled sleep, until it seemed as if on that slender cable their very lives depended, and the accident that proved fatal to ito safety were to put an end to their existence— these men were not devoid of enthusiasm. No, no; there was no want of enthusiasm among them; but it was deter- mined that they should not give vent to it till the work was wholly ao- complished— till the oable was Unded, tUl they had carried the end in safety to tW|^egrapji station, and till they had returned thanks to that ProvideB^^bse agents they were in the working out of the gr^^ "a^evoment which has ever been conceived or performed by mm.- Wan* 278 THE 017EAN TELEGRAPH. 1 ; i';' 1 s ^f< \ 'h V ' i i I of enthusiasm f Oh, had the people of New York*-of the United State8 ■-of the two worlds, heard the wild hum that went ringing oyer the hills chasing the deer from their coverts, sending thousands of startled sea birds out upon t% ocean, as if the land no longer afforded them a place of secunty-had they seen tho faces of these men, they would un- derstand what enthusiasm is, and how unjust the suspicion that denied them the possession of an attribute only second to hope itself. A cheer it could hardly be called ; it wa.s one wild^rolonged shout of deliriou. jov such as might welcome the disenthralment of a nation, or the union of two worlds-^ union in which we all participate, you and I and every one of us, and the remembrance of which will live with us to the end How eagerly we all waited for the word tha«rt»H us the time had eome when we might give vent to the ffeelings that had been so long restrain ed ! And when the first lieutenanfl of the Niag*»ra called upon us to give three cheers, what tongue could have remained, silent were it ever> the last sound it could utter ? " Now. men, three cheers," he ctied ; and the last word had hafdiy been spoken when the demand was responded to with an outburst that •amc from the very depth of the heart. "Hurrah! hurrah 3! hurrah tM" ^ lohder and wilder than the last ,• and as the final cheer burst forth ■ the echoes took it up and repeated it again and again, till it seemed ,s' If th^wildemesa around wore peopled, and thousands of voices in every val ey knd on every mountain top joined in the glad shout of rejoici,,. Bu thre^cjeersaro not enough-we must give another "for coming another .s derti^ded, one which cannot be refused if it were the last cheer we should % give. It is " One for America and England • ' andit IS caled for by Captain Otter of the Porcupine, a gentlem'au Trhose earnest labors and whose uhtiring energy in his share of the woik ed the bay of Bull> Ann, and who guided us safely through all the in- tecaoies of the pa,«,|e the night of our Entrance into Trinity Bay. To ! 1 //I ; ^^*"' '^^ '^' ^'^'Son, who acted as our escort and T wl^rr '"" '"^^' '^'"""*^''° *'""™' *^« «"«'>f »ho Atlantic It^mL rr^. *" ^r^^r^'^^^- It " <»oubtful if the British gove^nent ebuld have selected from its long list of naval officers two wiii *I? '^T'^"' "'"^ '^P""'' '^ V^rfomang the work with which they were entrusted, or tWo wh6 were more earn^^t in their exer- tions to promote the Recess of the great undertaking WerJ!i!!l!J\^u*" ''*''• ^'"S*" '""^ *« "^'^ "^y *" tJ'"* «Wp. they ^ri nlSJJri!^' "^ ^' ^'■«°° ■"'* Vor^n^n,, and at twelve oeisek «^lute of twttjty^one gSra wwWfeJlfoin the former veweL THE FIKA.L EXPKDITION. 279 he United States inging over the »ncl8 of startled afforded thom & they ttould un- oion tbat denied Iself. A cheer it. of deliriou." joj, or the union of nd I and every I ua to the end. time had come o long restrain lied upon us to »t were it even ord had hardly outbnrsf that 3! hurrah !!!" wr burst forth, II it seemed as voices in every it of rejoicii:? ' "for coinino le. And Ftill were the last d England ; ' , a gentleman re of the woi Ic t who survey- igh all the in- ity Bay. To )ur escort and the Atlantic f the British il officers two he work with n their exer- at ship, they nd at twelve it veaseL As a Urge number of the men on board our ship had been at work all night, those who wished were allowed to " turn in," and there were very few who did ooi take advantage of the permission, and fewer still who did not enjoyo their rest They had worked hard and well, and took as deep au interest in the success of tho wor): as those who had a greater stake in it. MR. FIELD MAKES THE FIRST ANN01TNCE*E!JT^.T0 THE NEW WORLD THAT THE <:ABLE 13 LAID. About eight o'clock on the evening of tho 4th instant, while the Niagara was proceeding up Tlrinity Bay, and some seventeen or eighteen miles distant from the landing place, Mr. Field left the ship for tho purpose of visiting the telegraph station, and if possible, of sending a despatch to the United States announcing the success of the enterprise. As the boat of the Porcupine was alongside, it was cheerfully placed at his disposal by Captain Otter, who had now undertaken 'o pilot the Niagara. Mr Field immediately set out, and as the Gorgoii was o\ her way to the Bay of Bull's Arm, at the head of which the cable was to be landed, he went on board tliat vessel, and his boat was taken in tow. Here he was warmly received by Captain Dayman aud hi.v officers, who were in the full enjoyment of success. It was near two o'clock in the raorniug before be arrived at the beach, and as it was quite dark, he bad considerable, difficulty in finding the path that led up to the station. There was no house in sight, and the whole scone was a* dreary and as desolate aa a wilderness at night could bo. A sUenoe as of the grave reigned over every thing before him ; while behind, at the distance of a jnile, he could see the huge hull of tho Niagara looming up indistinctly ''tiirongh the gloom of night, and the iight of the lamps on her dock making the dajkness still darker and blacker by the contrast. lie entered tho narrow road, and after a journey of what appeared to be twenty miles came in sight of tho station, which stands about half a mile from the beach. There waa, however, no sign of life there, aud the house, in its stillness, seemed strangely in unison with every thing around. It had a deserted appearance, as if it had long since ceased to be the habi- Ution of man. In vain he looked for a door in the front, there was no entrance there; he looked up at tho windows in the hope, perhaps, of being able to enter by that way, but the windows of the lower story were beyond his reach, and the house having been partly built on pUes gave it the appearance of being raised on stilts. A detour of tho establish- ment, however, led to the discovery of a door in tho side, and through this he finally Hucoeeded in effoctinf an entrance. The noi»3 he made in - getliaig In, IVWM nofariTW CTpect, t?osM wonse the inmatoa, iat t^ere 280 THK OCKAK TKLKOBAJ'n. I> ^t m V •' I •):.. I> It ll I', *^ i seemed t^ithitt » mile of them ! can they be dreaming? Dreaming! no— what \hey have beard is tru( , all true, and thore t.s the livinjf witness before ^em. " ^Xhut do you want '? " was the exclamation of the first who was awakened, a-, ho endeavored to rub the sle^out of his eyes. " I want you to get up," said Mr. Fielch, " and help us to take the cable ashore." " To take tlu> cable ashore !" re-echoed the other^, who were now just awaking, and who hrard the words with a dim, dreamy idea of their ' meaning—" To take the cnble ashore." " Yes," said Mr. Field, " and we want you at once." They wore now thoroughly aroused, and directing Mr. Field to the bedrooms of the other Sleepers—for there were four or five others in the honse-they prepared themselves with all baste to^sist in landing the cable. But the other inmates were already awake, and when Mr. Field made hW appearance on the corridor which divides the sleepinc. apart- • ments on each side of the house, he found them awaiting him" in the lightest description of summer clothing. As they had neither pants, vests, coj^ts, shoes nor stockings on, the curious will have no difiiculty in discovering m what thoy were dressed. They were as amazed at seeing Mr. Field as if he were an apparition ; and when they recovered them- selves sufficiently to ask the meaning of such a strange visitation, they were thrown into another state of wonderment by what be related, ^hen they learned^ All, they dressed, and prepared theraBelvos for the work before them. Mr. Field found that the telegraph office would not be open till nine o'clock Tiat morning, and that the operator of the New York, Newfoundland and London Telegraph was absent at the ^e. He also asccrt.ained that the^ nearest station at which ho could^_ Itfi^an opCTTi^trM Hffcermites'dislant; and that the only way of ates were not IS ho listened ir him. The the sleepers and wider aa lighted ears. and were be- t a few short cat, and they iment of the hey who had 10 ships they ey were now can they be i(, all true, rst who was 1. 9 to take the ere now just lea of their Field to tho tthers iu the landing the n Mr. Field Rping apart- him in the iithor pants, difficulty in fid at seeing '^ered them- tation, they he related. vex for the ffice would •ator of the )«nt at the )h he co uld ily way of THB FINAL EXPEDITION. ^. 281 ^tting there was on foot. Now, fifteen miles in Newfoundland is about e^,ual to twice the distance in a civilized country, and id a tolerably lorigwalk; but it was something to be the bearer of such news to a whole continent, and so two af the young men willingly volunteered for the ioumey, bearing with them, for transmission to New York and the wholfc United States, the following despatch, which conUined the first announcement of the successful ccomplishraeut of the work, and the historical importance of which will jus^fy its republication here : United States Stbam FaifiATK NiAOABA, x TniNiTY Bat, Newfoundland, August 5, 1858. To THB Associatbd Prkb9, Nkw Yprk — P The Atlantic Telegraph fleet sailed from Qucenstown, Inland, Saturday, July 17, met in mid-ocean, Wednesday, the 28th, made the splice at one p. u. Thursday, the 29th, and separated. The Agamem- non and Valorous bound to Valentia, Ireland, the. Niagara and Uorgon for this place, where they arrived yesterday, and this mornmg the end of the cable will be landed. It- is 1 ,Q96 nautical, or 1,950 statute miles from the* telegraph house at the head of Valentia harbor to the telegraph house at the Bay of Bull's Arm, Trinity Bay, and for more than two- thurds of thU disUnce the water is over two miles in depth. The cable has been paid out from the Agamemnon at about the same speed as from the Niagara. . , , , ^, , i vu „.^ The electrical signals sent and received through the whole cable are ^^'rhe machinery for paying out the cable worked in the most satisfac- tory manner, and was not stopped for a single moment from the tunc the splice was made till we arrived here. Captain Hudson, Messrs. Everett and Woodhousc, the engineers, the electricians, officers of the ships, and, in fact, every man on board he telegraph fleet; have exerted themselves to the utmost to make the expSitL 8uc,;es8ful, and by the blessing of Dmne Providence it has ^Tfter^'the end of the cable is landed and connected with the land line of telegraph, and the Niagara has discharged some cargo belong- ing to the lelegr'aph Company? she will go to St. Johns for coal and water, and then proceed at once to New York. ^ ^^^^ ^ ^^^^ HOW THE CREW OP THE NIAGARA CELEBRATED THE SUCCESS OF THE ENTERPRISE. Daring the forenoon of the day on which the eablo was landed, the greater part of the crew of the Niagara was permitted to go ashore and amuse themselves as well as they might in a perfect wilderness. And never did the crew of any vessel enjoy themselves with more zest under the ^ircumitapoes-it was different from their shore experience in other places, but the novelty ody Borvcd to Tttctease the pleasam ? SI 282 THK OOKAN TIH^EORAPH. m m If -i:': ' ! ■ iti" ,' ' I Some amnsed themselroB in explomtiona over the hilla and through tho foreats; others in jMscatorial excursions up the trout streams; others in ewiinming; while others commeraoratad the oeoasion by erecting a mast near the point where the cable wae landed, and dignified the place with the title of " Niogara City." There were no lots marked out, it is true ; no boundaries, nor any thing of that kind; but there may be at some future day, i^Jf the inhabitants do not retain the name, they don't deserve to hare a city— that's all.^ The portionof the crew who assisted m this work numbered about a hundred altogether, and among these was a considerable body of the firemen, under the dhargo of Mr. Sexton, the engineers' storekeeper. The high officiating personage- on the occasion— in fact the founder of the.future city— was John McMatl., one of tho sailors, and just the man to t^ike the lead in suoh a movement. McMath res^ved in his own mind that something more should be d6no to commemorate the great event in which he and Lis inessmates had played a part^ however humble, and acting upon this determination, he gathered a "large uymbcr of the crew^together, and addressed them on the subject. When they were aU amSmbled he spoke in substance as follows : ' . "Now, boys, we are all here, and I want to saty a few words to you. We have laid the cable. (Cries of yes, yes, and hurra). Yes, boys, we have laid the cable, and that's a fact, this time—no mistake now' (A voice— That's true, any way. Give us some more of that kind of talk, Mac.) It's down, and it'll stay down where we have put it. (Another voice— they'll have a job to lift itn-thafs all). Now, what I want to say to you is this— (Aye, aye). I want the people who come here to know, that th.e Niagara's boys have been here before them, and that it wa?. they that laid the cable. No objections to that (No, no, from a hundred tongues). Well, then, I have got something to propose! (What is it ?— what is it ?) I propose that we raise a mast on this very spot, and when we hav« got it up, that we shall call the place' all round " about " Niagara City." Are you aU agreed ? (Aye, aye, we're witlryou, Mac.) At the close of this brief, bat piUiy and forcible address, they all unanimously decided that MoMath should be the leader, and the better to perform his part he manufactured from the branch of a tree a boat- swain's whistle, with which to direct the men in putting up the mast and rigging. Under his direction they went to work at the forest, selected the tallest pine, put a rope around it, and tugged and pulled till they dragged it up by tho roots. 'They then cut off the branches, until noAing reniained but the Btrai^t trunkof the tree, which they planted^ firmly in a deep hole the v had dug for the pu*po«». This part of the T«K nxKh lexFVXHrtos. &8S I through the as ; others in EMsting a mast be place with at, it is true ; jT be at some e, they don't who assisted among these ' Mr. Sex ton, lage- on the hn MoMath, a movement, uuld be done ssmates had -mination, he scd them on substance as ords to you. Yes, boys, listake now- hat kind of ave put it. ■^ow, what I e who come e them, and t. (No, no, to propose. )n this very e all round •e with- you, m, they all i the better tree a boat- le mast and st, selected i till they ohes, until tftir filtttitflfl - - part of the work performed, they tore down Rereral other trees to make y«rda for the mast. There was the main-yard, the muntop-yard, the maintop* gallant, and the main-royal-yard, and above these all floated the flag, which they extemporised for the occasion, and whidi bore the simple inaoription " Niagara." At the close of their work, they gave three cheers, and separated, bat the raising of the mast, and the founding of "Niagara City,'* fominhed the sabjeoi of oonvenntioa among the crew for many days after. | HOME ECHOES OF THE OLAD TIDUIGa The despatch which was sent to the Associated Press of New York did not, we understand, reach that oity before the 5th, on account of the distance of the nearest station from the place where the cable was landed. That same day, howeyer, and for a whole week, we continued to recciTe congratulations from all parts of the United States, and the British prorinoeB. , As they serve to show the feelings which our suc- cess called forth, and as they may be taken as the expression of the enthusiasm of the whole country, they will be read with interest The following are pretty fair specimens of those received both at Trinity Bay and St. Johns : [From New York.] To Mr. Fiw-D : — />, Despateh received. All well at home and store. Glorious. C. W, FlBLD A C^ ■ „ >>' ' [From New> York.] To C. W. F«L» : — Accept from your friends in New York their portion of the world's oonffratulations. ' -r, ^ St. Jomw, N. B. August 7, 1858. Trihitt EiT, Aagnti 7, 1868. [From New Yiwk.] ToC. W. Fiiu), Esq:— "^ ' . . Sir— Your despatch has been received. I congratulate you, myself, and for the peopk of tbis oity, on the success of the great work of uniting together the Old and New Worid, by the electric telegraph. Science, wSl, and perseverance have finally triumphed. ,_. A, .■^■' ■ /^ Tawrrt Bat, August 7, 1868. ' _^|L [From New Yorit.] Wfrhav^o facts in additi»\Q tobi dMjAtch of the 5tb to^ . pT9^ Every incident connected with the landing of the Mble, at Hm *■** fc'T^W*-^; *t*f*T?*^'*"**^"-*---v-!i"*' • r X'r ■ TBI OOBlikir T'^LBORiPaL be enterprifla in any way, will be eagerly received by the publia Chroughout the country (here ia intense anxiety to know all m relation o it, and the preas desires the line kept open in the evening, bo lonir as liere are. any facta of interest to warrant, Pjrmi Coopkb. / - St- JoHMB, August 9, 1868. [From New York.] Your fkmily is all at Stockbridge, and well The joyful news ar- rived there Thursday, and almost overwhelmed your wife. Father reioiced Uke a bov. Mother was wild Vith delight ; brothers, sisters— all were overjoyed. Bells were rung; guns fired; children let out of school, shouted, " the cable is laid "— " the cable is laid." The village was in a tumult of joy. My dear>rother, I congratulate you. Q5d was in a bless you \ David DtroLKT Puld. I St. Johns, Auguat 0, 1888. m r. L ™ - Prom New York.] __^ Returned from conntj-y and reoeiTed your message. Congratulate vou with my whole heart on the success with which Providence has blessed the undertaking. Your name on eveiy tongue. I need not say on what t^rms a household word. E. M. Archibald. * St. Johns, August 9, 1888. _ „ _ _ [From Astor House, New York.] To O. W. Field : — - ' The Conunon CouncU of New York have resolved on a «reat cele- bration of the laying of the cable. The committee of armigenlents desire to know the day on which the first message wUl be sent, in order to recommend a general illumination in the evening. Please send reply ^ *'>« ^^- Daniw, F. Tikmann, Mayor. St. Johns, August 11, 1888. VoC.W.Fr«.D:_ [From New York.] ^Parties are pressing upon us njessages to pay for them, and take <||eir turn, when the hne opens. What shall wc^do ? Please reply. "- « W. G. Hunt. The following d«^atch was sent by Mr. Field to the President, in- forming him of the landing of the cable : m „ «. , TaiNiTT Bat, August 11888. , To His Excuxoot Jamm Bdchanan, Prmidikt or th. Uhit.d giATis, Bwroi) SraiNos. Your telegraph despatch duly received. We landed here in a wil- demeavand, until the'telegraph insttuments are all ready and perfectly adiusted,mi94iM|p._o»!LJi»rfl^^ Y«a rfwill iave the earhert intunaUon ; but dome days may elapse before aU is perfected. r tHB FTKAt KXPBDinoK. S85 the pnblia 1 m relation \, so long 08 COOPKE. It », 1858. ill news ar- "e. Father rs, Bisters — let out of The village you. God ' PlBLD. t 0, 1888. ragratulaite idence has sed not say DIBALD. t 9, ISfiS. great celo- rangenlents it, in order send reply Mayor. 11, 1868. , and take reply. HnNi. isident, in- V, 1868. , s, BiDroBD B Id a wil- [ perfectly I>«11 ^v«^ The first message from Europe will be from the Queen to yourwlf, and the first trom America to Europwyour re^y. With great respect, very truly, yourjfnend, Cvrcs W. r.»U). To this the following reply was received : r • Tbihitt Bat, August 7, 1858. [From Bedford Springs.] To Ctrph W. Field, Esq. :— . ^. ,^ My Dkar StHr-I congratulate you with all my heart on the success of the irreat enterprise with which your name is so ho' oraWy connected. Under the blossinj of Biviue Providence, I trust it mayjrove instru- mental in promoting peace- and friendship between kings and nations. ^1 have not yet received the Queen's despatch. •' Yours, very respectfully. Jambs Bccuanan. I» TwHtTT Bat, August 6, 1868. [From Baltimore.] To Mr. F«u» :-^ ^„ „ xtr u t>» Have you laid and operated the cable succcMlly ? .We can t be- Uevo the good news here. »• J- "^«""*- • St. Johot, August 9,\1868 * [From Baltimore.] ToC. W. F:«id:— , t. vi ' Your despatch, announcing that the Atlantic telegraph cable been laid, waTdelivered to me yesterday I tl^V^^. q;Zl gratulate you, heartily m your success. J. H. T. Maknbeb Scttok. , St. Jobu, August 1, 18M* [From Boston, August 6.] '; i)BAE Sir— the city authorities of Boston to-day ordered the firing of 100 Lns upon the Common, and the ringing of bells for one hour from noon, in honor of the successful laying i)f the cable. ' Respectfully yours, Alkander H. Paic«. St. JoHiis, August "Z, 1868. [From Boston.] ToO.W. Fuld:— . . j iaa ™„o Your despatch is received; universal jpy w expressed; 100 gn^s 3d this MorLg in honor of the suc^ of t^e grea^;;ej' %l)l^- has fired this riioming perfected. St. Johot, August 10, 1888. - [From Washington.] To 0. W. FiKiD :— *. ^^m ^ Sib— Please advise tbe quickest route for sending you a flag-Bt»ff of l>ak, wowp at Mw m t V ^raon, f o r y on r flomp »a y to oo mni emorate. Jab. 0. Vivctarn. -d^i- y^..i^^^ «:-■«■*:*«; Wi m:^ 1% ^ fi86 11' It-fi THU OOBAJT TBUSORITR. Tkimitt Bat, Aaguat [From 8l Johna, N. B.] ^^ to Mr. Fittn :— ill»' '»' ' Accept the moBt hearty oongrtitulationrf of Mettrs. f i2, and finally, that it is in the midst of a perfect wilderness ; but as yet he knows nothing of the wonderful domestic life that exists inside of tht same house, and of the strange dobgs that take place therein, especially ih the culmary departments. I may begin by suting that there are eleven occupants, and when I «y that these ooeopants are all of the -asculine gooder the reason why things are pot as they ought to be in ^t house will at once beoo^ .ppTent No man ought to be •»'J'"^'J«f^«^^°*' ^ the bread U not well baked, the meat not sufficiently cooked;'^e tea tpo weak or too strong, the potatoes-whehever ^^^^ «?'. jf^^-^^f. *^, smash, or not boiled at all, or if the fire requires to be k>"^^^*;<^;j'»^^^ a dozi times . day. Nor should they be -.tonished if th^beds ^ra not madeiill the occupant is just rewly to get into Uiem ; «d if, according to TZ. sytem. ibe table utonsiU are not cleaned 1^ every thmg « IkrandToady togo onthetable. AUthij i. e.pk.«ed ^ the &a Co«p«»y4a«uld p«t«ut «ie operators to Uve as they now «e, their r4^ iTrSref •Sh.rl^ri.-. ao &r a, the dom^tic -«T- ^ -/^ ^ Toungmenthrown for the^ time on tbeur own resources, endeavoring^ 1 288 THE OCEAN TELEOEAPH. > to coo6 for tbemselvcB, to yrash the dishes, to sweep the floor, to make the beds, to light the fires, and to perform the hundred and one little things of which men know nothing, but which, with those other « trifles," make up that greatest of aU blessings— a comfortable and a happy home. Imagine, in fact, a man attempting to perform the part of woman in his clumsy, ungainly way, and you have some idea of what a house full of men can efiFebt in this line, and of the condition of the domestic portion of the Atlantic telegraph station in particular. What a scene of confu- sion in the kitchen, what a terrible state of things in the half furnished parlor, without a sofat and with a few boxes and trunks for seats ! what a frightful chaos in the dozen little bedrooms up stairs, where the bknkets and sheets and pillows are rolled up in one mountainous lump, or so twisted about as to furnish a good half'iiour's work to the ocpupant to get each into its proper place again ! But with all this confusion, the . electricians and operators are as fine a set of fellows as ever lived in one house, and live more cheerfully and happily in the midst of discomforts than many m the Fifth Avenue, who can boast of all the luxuries and appliances of civilized life. It would be unjust to bring them to account if their domestic education has been neglected; and if, among other things, they did not learn to bake bread and to cook a beef-steak prop- erly, It IS not their fault, although, in this instance, it is their misfor- tune. What matter if they do not know how long it takes to boil an egg, if they can translateUhe language of electricity, and send a message along the cable that now lies extended on the bed of the ocean between two (jontmentB ? And if the company htfve not every thing provided for them, they can "wait a littlj longer" for tho "good time coming"-^ time that is to bring witblt i piano and billiard table to whUe away their leisure hours-a time .when the parlor shall no longer want a sofl but when It shall shine forth in all the reftilgence of a pier glass, one mahogany table, perhaps two-the company can aflFord to be liberal now that the cable is laid-^i dozen handsome mahogany chairs, some ornaments for the mantelpiece, a stool for that piano, a substantial Brussels carpet with a handsome pattern, a hearth rug, new style, with ' a landscape, a lamblike lion, or ferocious tiger, in the centre; an accu- rate timepiece, in a neatly carved frame ; and all the other articles that mak^ up a i^ll-furuished parlor. It may be asked what will they want with all these in the midst of a wilderness ? The answer is very simple -they want them to keep them in mind of what oiviliied life is like, and of the homes which they have left behind in tho Old World With a parlor furnished in the manner described, they wiU require few other things, except some paintiiiga to decoraU the walla, and these the A, THB FINAL KXPKMTION ,i ^280 >or, to make ad ODO little her « trifles," happy home. KToman in hin louse full of lestic portion Bne of confu- alf furnished seats! what the blankets Itunp, or so occupant to infusion, the liTcd in one discomforts usuries and n to account mong other ■steak prop- leir misfor- 8 to boil an i a message lan between rovided for oming " — a while away rant a sofa, glass, one be liberal hairs, some substantial style, with ; an accn- rticles that they want ery simple ifo is like, rid. With few other these the s* talented artist who belongs to the corps of operators will supply with his brush and palette. ^' Then, after the company have attended to the parlor, or rather be- fore they have attended to it, they must look out for the kitchen arrange- ments, the culinary ntensils, and all that. They must provide a pan or pans, so that the volunteer cooks may not be obliged to nse the pot for the double purposes of boiling and frying; they must furnish more than one kettle, so that if the spout or handle should happen to be knocked off they may not be reduced to extremities. It will, however, as- suredly be gratifying to the benevolent housekeepers of New York, and inde^ of all Christendom, to know that the domestic difficulties which those same electricians and operators have encountered will soon be brought to an end, as a cook wift on his way from St. Johns to take cliarge of tlie culinary department when we were about leaving that city. It is true the four occupants of the station who resided there before the arrival of the Niagara, did not take as much interest in the prepara- tion of the house for the reception of the expected ones as they might have done, but, in extenuation of their neglect, it must be stated that they had given up all hope of ever seeing such a wonderful thing taking place, and as for the expected ones, they had long ceased to be expected. If, however, whether excusable or inexcusable, they did not attend to the few matters to which they could attend, there is no excuse for the company, should they neglect to furnish them with every thing necessary in the department now under our consideration, and to which we intend to direct their attention with all the particularity of which our knowl- edge of such matters will admit In the first place, then, they must put a grate in the kitchen— that every cook considers almost indispensable. The next thing is an "bven, and when this is put up, they will want toasting and roasting apparatus, chairs instead of hard boxes and harder blocks to sit upon— blocks which are particularly objectionable to men of tender and delicate feeling. It is needless to repeat the various things that the kitchen of the telegraph station will require to make it complete, but the directors of the company have only to get an inventory of what their own kitchens contain, to be. aware of the wants of the operators and to be enabled to supply them. The cook, there is no doubt, will prove a perfect treasure to them, and that same cook will hear of efforts in cooking before he is long in the station that will astound him. Just think, oh ! ye housekeepers of New York, who have been so often apifealed to already, juat think of Christian men putting a large lump of pork into a pot not big enough to hold one half the (quantity , and that pot about one-third full of water 1 Is it any wonder that the water should all boil away, and that the bottom of the p6l,T)e- 10 - m-. p.^'Ttm-^-t.-'f *■ 390 TH^ OCEAK TELBOBAPff. 1$ iu ill!;' *■■:! I ' coming red hot, BhoQld set the pork in a btue ? Is it any wonder that this should occur, and that the cooks should throw a whole pailful of water, fill the pot to overflowing, and put out the fire altogether ? What would yon think of men who set out with the intention of making what they called a plum dumpling, and who were obliged, by tteir own in- capacity and utter ignorance of the great art of cookin|F— on art that has immortalized a Soyer and a Murray — to leave the dflMyj^ng nninished, and then endeavor to convert it into a series of -paQC^s ? Just think of it, pancakes *ith plums in them, and thos» fhtiBl»^o bai -red and bruised that the stones would persist in appearing wftsre they were not wanted, right on the top of the flattened surface. But the cook will set every thing to rights, and take care, when the pork is boiling, the fat does not get into the fire. He will alao see to it, that when dumplings are commenced they do not end* by becoming doubtful pancakes. Now these little domestic mishaps and troubles are, after all, not such troubles as might be supposed, but furnish material for many a good joke to the dwellers at the station. They have plenty to eat, for the com- pany are determbed that, though there should happen to be a famine in Newfoundland, they shall not want. They have also a capital barrel of ale, and there is the best water in the island within a few feet of the building. There is no lack of fuel, for firewood is abundant all around them, abd they can cut down sufficient in a day to last them for a month. In addition to all this, there is plenty of game in the valleys aad on the mountains, while the sea, near the coast, swarms with fish, and xthe streams are alive with trout. Newfoundland is in fact the sportsl^an's paradise, and when the Nimrods of the United States come to find it out, they will rush there in crowds during the summer mont^ ,. What do they think of catching forty trout in the course of au hour and a half and 6t taking them all from the one spot, in a stream not more than two yards wide in ita widest part ? What do they think of per- forming this feat with a rod made of the crooked branch of a tree, with- out a reel, and the hook baited with a piece of mutton ? This feat the writer himself performed, and* he wiHingly testifies that the trout was the finest he ever tasted— vastly superior to'the wretched affairs called brook trout, which many of the Broadway restaurants serve up at a dollar apiece. There are bears, too, in the island, affording fine sport for those who are fond of the rougher kind of game, and the wolves sometimes become so bold that they break into the fimn-yards and IdU.^ the cattle. The deer, or the kariboo as it is called, affords very g^ venison, and there are several varieties of feathered game. All things J??5?|i?r?d^it will be geen irQin,ihifL that Newfoandland it not WPh dreary, desolate place to live in, and that if the telegraph station is ly wonder that lole paiifnl of ether? What f making what tteir own in- BD art that has ng nnfinished. ? Just think • hai '^red and they were not 3 cook will set wiling, the fat len dumplings cakes. r all, not such »y a good joke , for the cdm- be a famine capital barrel 3W feet of the tnt all around )t them for a in the valleys rmH with fish, B in fact the 1 States come nmer mont^ ,. 'an hour und 2am not more think of pei- ' a tree, with- This feat the be trout was affairs called !rre up at a ing fine sport I the wolves irds and kpL.. is very giod All things »Bot w o faa ^ )h station is THE FINAL EXPEDITION. 291 situated in the mid8t„of a wilderness, it is one that is not devoid of at- tractions. There is one particular part of the building which has not yet been alluded to, but which is, after all, the most important This is the electricians' office, in which all the telegraphic instruments have beeq put up. There are tlie batteries, which bear the same relation to the wire conductor that the boilers bear to the steam engine^ and there the delicate apparatus by means of which the weight or force of the elec- trical current is told to a nicety; there, too, the needle,, which tells whether the continuity or insulation is perfect. There, in a word, are all the instruments which were put on board the Niagara, and which, having served their purpose weU, have been transferred to the tele- graph station at Trinity Bay. The office is also furnished with a clock which keeps Greenwich time, and in the event of its ruumng down there arc half a dozen chronometers by which to set it right again. Take it altogether, the electricians' office is the best arranged part of the whole e8tabli8h^uen^ and presents a strong contrast to the kitchen and parlor, both of which the company must have well furnished. The telegraph house has been called " Cyrus Station '^ bj the elec- tricians, in honor of Mr. Cyrus ^. Field, and will her after be known • by that title. It could not receive a more appropriate one, and will help to perpetuate the name of a man who has doue more than any ,' other to make the Atlantic telegraph a grand reality. / t DEPARTURK PROM TRIKITY BAY AND ARRIVAL AT ST. JOHNS. / The Niagara, the Gorgon, and the Porcupine left Trinity Bay ei^ly on the morning of the Dtl^ instant for St. Johns, where .he arr.Ved about six o'clock the evening of the same" day. From what we/ had heard it was evident that the whole population were moved by the greatest enthusiasm, and that they intended to make our visit the occasion of a grand demonstration.- Indeed., sufficient evidence of this wa« tobe found in the fact that the Speaker of the Colonial Legislature, ^r. Shea, had be^n deputed to wait upon Captain Hudson nt Trinity Ba^ for th« purpose of ascertaining what time they should set out, so that prepara- Uons might be made for the intended dcmoimtration the day of their ar- rival They proposed, ho said, illuminating the city, getting up a regatta, and giving a ball in honor of the occasion. Ifwas evident that the go(»d people of St. Johns were determined to give, us a heartj reception%nd that when wo left Newfoundland we should carry away a ^pleasant reme mbrance of their hospitality. The little ateamer^called ' the BluTJMketr^ch broupt^SIf^^ea on^is TiHBiioff *aTr»^ 4 ■^ I m THK OOBAK TEtEGBAPH. irii II M r ■''•'■■. i ■ !!: .!■: ' ! Bay, had about a doien other gentlemen from St Johns, whose impa- tience to see the Niagara before her arrival in that port could not bo restrained. It was impossible for^he captain to l^fiise the pressing in- vitations he received, and they were accordingly accepted j but he deter mined on remaining no longer than was necessary to tdte in a sufficient •supply of coal for the homeward passage. We ^ere aft- impatient to get to New York to see our friends again, and to tell them ourselves how the cable was laid, and all the incidents of the even^ week through which we passed. Every day that ddayed our departure, there- fore, seemed as long as two, and we thou^t, in our eager haste, that the fog which hemuied ns in would never lift. At last, the weather haying partially cleared up, we started, after a detention of four days in Trinity Bay, and made all the speed we could for St. Johns. The little Blue Jacket met us about a mile from the entrance ot the harbor, with flags flying, and a large company of the residents of m city on board, and some four or five miles away to the south we could see Cape Spear light-hou.se decor-ited with and almost concealed under a cloud of stream- ers. When at last we came within sight of St. Johns, and passed be- tween the two lofty hills that form the outposts of the harbor, and which rise to the height of six or seven hundred feet, all the church bells in the city rang out their most joyful peals, the cannon thundered from their brazen throats a boisterous welcome, while cheer on cheiT arose from the crowded wharves, the hillsides, and the shipping. Yet in file midst of all this our yearnings for home grew stronger and atiOMger, for while we fully appreciated their friendship and hospitality, we could not help thiniing of those who were anxiously awaiting our return, and of the great city which' we had left five months before. Our ship had hardly been anchored before she was boarded by several of the oflicials and citizens of the town. The cannon kept up their noisy demonstrations long after the crowds became tired of cheering. and at intervals could still be heard " the oliiming of tho bells." It was a grand fe.9tival in the dity, the people abandoned tlieir kbor and kept holiday, and hundreds ^ame pouring in from the country in their Sun- day clothes. Never had St. John.s seen such a sight before, and the visit of the Niagara will bo remembered hereafter as one of tho greatest dajs in its annals. At night tho public and other buildings were illuminated. &n^ very striking particolored transparency was displayed from the highest point of the market house. The oflice of the New York and Newfoundland Telegraph Company was also illuminated, and it may be added the operators were kept buay all night sending off deapatches to ^-ti^;; tot; FINAl, EXPEDITION. 298 ns, whose impa- 'i could not be the pressing in- 1 i but he detor- e in a sufficient l^ impatient to thelij ourselves I event^ week leparture, thero- iT eager haste, ist, the weather of four days in hns. The little le harbor, with city on board, tee Cape Spear loud of stream- md passed be- ho harbor, and all the church inon thundered cheer on chctir shipping. Yet stronger and nd hospitality, y awaiting our nonths before, led by several kept up their d of cheering, bells." It was ibor and kept in their Sun- e, and the visit » greatest days re illumiuatcd, lyed from the few York and ind it may be despatches to inBcnptfOTT^^ I THE CABLE OF FRIENDSHIP, | 5 MA? A WIRE NEVER Bte BROKKN. § A wish to which every one, whether he is or is not a cable-layer, will heartily respond, The rejoiiiing was kept up for into the night, and early morning caught some of th- merry-makers still engaged in their festivities. The big guns got tbaaugh with their part of the demonstration by dusk ; but muskets, rifles, and other small arms kept at it till late in the even- ing. It was evident the quiet people of St. J'ohns had resolved to make a day of it, and they succeeded in making a night of it, too. One heard of nothing in the streets but the Niagara and the cable, and indoors it was all the same. The little city seemed to be actually beside itself with joy, and as if it had not done full justice, went at it the next day with as much test as if it were but the beginning. The following day Mr. Field was presented with an address at the Merchants' Pkchange by the Chamber of Commerce. A deputation' from that body was present, headed by their President, Walter G reive, Esq., who spoke as follows : Sir — The Chamber of Commerce of St. Johns ,have the- high grati- fication of welcoming you on your return to these shores, after the ac- complishment of the grand undertaking in which you have been engaged for some years past. Personally known as you are, sir, to the pieinbors' of the Chamber of Commerce, they have watched with deep intei-est your iidefatigablf perseverance in carrying out the vast scheme of the trans- lantic telogr.aph ; and whilst they sympathized with you in the disap- puiutment vou must have experienced at the failure of 1857, they felt assurred that your well-known energy, combined with the scientific skill of those gentlemen who were associated with you, would eventually suc- ceed, if success were practicable. Devoting, sir, as you have donp, your fortune, time and talents to this great enterprise, the Chamber of Com- merce rejoice that you have seen the fultilmeut of your most ardent wiish ; and tlioy beg to express their fervent hopes that you may be spared many years to enjoy the fruit of your inteu.se labor, aud tl^at you may receive on .your return to your native land, such a welcom^ from your countrymen and friends as may in some measure compensat^e you for the days and nights of anxious care you haVe passed. 'j Mr. Field replied as follows, to the foregoing address : , Gkntlkmkn — The address you have presented is deeply grateful to my feelings on this occasion. I will not affect to conceal from yoii that the successful result of laying the Atlantic telegraph' cable fills mftwith =^ j * fe t it joy, w hi le, ^tiTOt, I feel hmnbly ^aakfid ta the Giv€t of all &wd- lor having permitted me to be an instrument in aiding the accomi)lish- \ i 1 * ■- -4 294 THE OCBAN TELEGRAPH. :\' • meni of a work that is destined to promote tl.e Iiappinoss and ysfflUiv of the human family I have certainty n.^de some Bacnfioe,, and hu« aiffioult to enumerate tlie many geutlomen whose scientific acpiremoms, and skill and c^er2•^• have been devoted to the advancement of this work, and who have -> c^. mainly produced the i.«sue which has called forth this (^xpres.ion of your good wishes on my behalf But T could ,iot do justice to my own f.-l- - 'T*l^ i *-^ acknowledge how much i? owing "to Captain Hudson and the oftcers of the Niagara,.,whose hearts were in the work, and wIiom- toil was unceasing. To Captain Dayman of her xMajesty ^« ship Goreo.i tor the soundings so accurately made by him last year, and for the per- tcct mangier \a which he led the Niagara ov 9r the great circle arc while lay - , '°e,V'^^ '^''}}^ ; *o Captain Otter, of the Porcupine, for the careful survey made bj fi"" in Trinity Bay, and for the admirable manner in which he piloted the Niagara at night to Jicr anchorage; to Mr. Everett, who has tor o.onjhs devoted his whole time to designing and perfecting the bciuui- tul nia..'n,„ery that had so sueoes.fully paid out the c:ib1e from (he shins — ma(.lnuery so perfect in every respect, that it wus not for one mo,ne'ut stoirj)..,] on board the Niagi»ra until she reached her destination i„ Triiiify iiay; to Mr. \Voodhouse, who superintended the coiling of the eal.lc aiid zealously and ably co-operated with his brother engineer during th-'pro- grei« of paying out: to tho electricians for their constant watc-lit'uliHS. • tothe_menfor thru- almost ceaseless .labor ; and I feci cuufideut thnt you will have a good report>.m tho commanders, .ngineerS, dectrioiaus and others on Imrd the AgaiBemuOQ nnd Valoroua— the lri,!i ■,K>rtioi, of the fleet— to the Directors of the Atlantic Telegi-aph Company, for the time they devoted to tho undertaking svithout receiving ar.ycoinpci.a- tiun for their services. And it must be a pleasure ti> many of you to know that the director, who has devoted more time than any other na- ' tor many ybars a resident of this place, and well knowu to all of you' T allude to Mr Jirooking, of London ; to Mr. C. M. J^ Lampson, a native ot iNew England, but wiw h;w^ for the last twenty-seven years resided in l.ondon, who appreciated tho gr^at importance of this enterprise to both countries, a ;i ( guvt it most valuable aid, bringing his Bound judL'm.ui and great business talent to the service of the company; to that distin- guished American, Mr. Geoigg Peftbody, and his most worthy partner, ' cMr. Morgan, - ho not only .issjited it most liberally with theix means, but ho whom I could always go with confidence for advice. I shall rejouo to hnd that th,; commercial interest of tliis colouy which you represent D.ay be largely benelited by th,' (ilos« bonds that will now bo drawn by the agency ot the Atlantic telegraph between them, and the varied rela- . U%us they hold throughout the world, and wishing you all evtiry pro^- pe"ty ana happineas. , "' ^ Later in the day Mr. Field was presented with another address by I ? THE HNAL EXPEDITION. / 295 loss nnd wfltlifr 3rifico.,, an(l ha<-o But whrm I ftud atulate mo in tlio iiaj-havebor.ie in ly heunaencrou-i, ces of those who m any labors ot' lit to emrtueratt skill and ciorgj: nd who havo ,0 tpres^ioD of ymir to my own i\v.']- Captain Hudson work, and whw Y'H ship Gorgon, uid for the per- cale arc while Lay le careful survey iner in which he ♦Jverett, who has L'tijigtho bcium- ! from flie fihips for rtne niojneut latiou in Trinity )f the ealile, aii-i during th.; j!VM- it watchtuliHS- ; I coufidetit that erS, dcjLttrioiaus ! Iri^ii {wrtioD onipany, for the any'conipoiiia- lany of you tn any. Other, n;a.- ' to at! of you, T lapson, a native rears resided in terpribo toliulh juud judgmeui to that distin- forthy partner, heix means, but I shall rejoieo you repioscnt, s bo drawn by he varied rela- all evtiry pros- ier address by the President of the Executive Council of Newfoundland, in the Council Chamber, a largo number of the members being present. M r. L'' ^T T^ O'Brien, by whom the address was delivered, spoke as follows on behalf of the Executive Council : We the Executive Council of Newfoundland, have great and sincere pleasure in offering you our congratulations upon tl^ej^'^'^ef "(*'>;- f/^f Liectof the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cable. IntnnHtely ac- . SSted as we bavl been with the on.rgj^and ^^^terprise whic have JSguished you from the commet,cement of the great work of te egi.aph ^TS"on between the Old and the New Worlds, and feelmg t^a .under Providence this triumph of science i,s mainly due to your wcdl-directcd ■ind indomitable exertions, we desire to express to you our high appre- Sirof yTur success to the cause of the world's progress, and our heaX By n& in these feelings, inseparable from its present proved result We recognize in this aehicven.ent the creation of new bonds ot commercial and social union between the poop e 0' the two great nation thusmarvellously connected ; and we are gratified to "-T^-^ ^^. -<^ contributed towards this most important object by the Colony ot New f undland in the privileges conferred upon the company you represent^ We Serei; trust'^the be!t expectations- of the results of i^^-^^jyus. to all interests connected with it may be immediately fulfilled and thaJ vou sir individually, may reap from it an ample recompense foi four -a;y Ws and sac'r'ifieei froln its inception to the present hour. ^ On behalf of the Executive Council of N ewfoundland, Laweknce O'Bkikn, President. St. Johns, August 9, 1858. 9Tn-At the request of the Executive CounciV I enclose the copy of ?;:;f,r.,'n,i i. ro»i.« &. C«auca tor th. purpoBo of .t, vn»™.- ment. Mr. Field replied as follows : - ^ Mr Prupident and Honouablk Gkntlkmbn— I thank you with all ofincorlH^ration then P'^^^' ^'ti.S^S S e t^i/ofthat charter different spirit, the P'«J^* ^^''^''^J^^^* ";__ .1,:. happy union of the two haps inip'^t have passed without witnessing tnis nappy Ss, with the teneficial eonsequenOes ,t 1. destmea to diffu^. ih^ hostile criticism, and it is therefore with satistaction 1 ous tr f I ■ ' ^ Umiii^ i m' l itil i m [ »■ 296 THE OOKAN TBLBGBAPH. !:f! If J"S 1/ Im proving terms in which you refer te them. Eyery enlightened country recog^res a rigiit of pronerty in those who originate a work, jwhero science or sicill or capital haa been invested. This proteoti^^^/neoos- sary to draw out the efforts of men in now works of public ^Btility for who would BOW, if he couldn't reap ? And while the individial has his reward, society is the gainer by his labors. In the exclusive privileges you have conferred on the company I represent, the principle of copy- right only is involved, and I think there can now be no doubt that your ;.olicy has conserved the interests of the colony ; while I confidently trust the future may be productive of much benefit to your people from the great work, which from the beginning to the present time has had your consistent and liberal support. I shall look with peculiar pleasure on the advantages you may ilerive from the proud position of this col- ony in the telegraphic connection with the Old and New Worlds, and shall be ever ready to promote your views of advancement by all means in my power. • . An official visit was paid to Capt. Hudson, on board of his ship, by the Executive Council of Newfoundland, and a committee from the Chamber of Commerce, to congratulate him on the success of the under- taking in which he has played a part. Mr. Lawrence O'Brien addressed him on behalf of the Executive Council of Newfoundland, and Mr. Walter Greive on behalf of the Chamber of Commerce, to both of which the Captain made brief and appropriate replies. At seven o'clock on the evening of Tuesday, the 12th instant, Gov- ernor Bannerman and his lady entertained a large company at dinner m the Government flouse. There were some sixty or seventy. persons present, among whom were Captain Hud.son, Mr. Field, Purser El- dridgt\ Drs. Green and Gunnell, Lieut. Boyd, Lieut. Gherardi and the author, from the Niagara; Commander Dayman, of heV Majesty's steamer Gorgon ; Captain Otter, of her Majesty's steamer Porcupine ; ' Commander Paisley, of her Majesty's steamer Atlanta ; Hon. Mr. Sho(i, Speaker of the Colonial Legislature ; Mr. O'Brien, Chief Justice Brady^ Mr. Kent, Colonial/Secretary; Judges Little rad Robinson, several offi- cers of the garrison and prominent public officials. At the dose of the dinner Lady B4nnerman,retired, after which the company indulged in speech-makipg for about an hour, when they adjourned to the ball. The first toast given by the Governor was " The Queen of Great Britain and thfi^esident of the United States," which was drank with three times ^ee. Then followed toasts complimentary to Mr. Field, Captain Hudson, Captain Otter, Oaptoin Dayman and othen?, to whioh brief speeches were made in reply. When the Governor and his guests entered the Colonial building, in which the Provincial Legislature holds its sessions, and in which tjje ball was given, they were received with m arked di stinction by the large comply preaent The baU-room THE FINAL EXPEDITION. 297 n WM handsomely decorated with American and English flags, and a por< trait of Washington, in a wroath of evergreens, was suspended in the most conspicuous plaoo. The ball, which was a must sucoessful affair, was kept up till daybreak. It sustained the reputation of St. Johns for both the grace and beauty of the fairer part of the population, and it nee'd not be wondered at if, )ome future day, we should hear of a union taking place between some of the sovereign citizens of the free republic and some of the fair daughters of Newfoundland — a union of a still stronger and mQr«3 indissoluble character than even that established be- tween the Old World and the New by the electric bond which now binds them. The day after the ball there was a regatta on Lake Qnidy Vidi, but as Captain Hudson had determined on starting for -New Yofk that afternoon, we were .unable to wait for the termination. X HOMEWARD BQUND. At length the hour of our departure arrived — we were at last Itomc- ward bound. Wo could hardly realize the fact that we were not again going to England, instead of New York, and that the cable was hucccss- fuUy deposited at the bottom of the ocean. For home, crowned with success I How slowly the ship appears to move, and the fog, that sets in thicker and thicker around us, seems as if it never would lift. But we have no reason to be dissatisfied, and though the hours were never more dull and monotonous, yet every deky only enhances the pleasure of meeting our friends again. How we metifsured the distance each day on the chart, and wished th%t it were' only What it appeared on paper. How we tried to prove that we had overrun our reckoning, and were nearer to ,our destination than we really were. How we calculated on the wind, that would not come from any other point than that from whi(!h it was not wanted-; and how eagerly we looked for any change in the sky that promised a favorable lireeife. It is all useless, however, for here wr are in our fourth day from St. Johns and three hundred an^ eighty-five m(les from New York ; but the fog would not clear, and the wind would not c'orae, and without observation for two days, what could wc do ? Yes, here we are, over three hundred miles from New York, and it will hardly be credit€d, with a pilot on board— a New York pilot, Mr. William Maxwell, whom we have just taken from *he Mary Taylor— the first pilot boat built by Oeorge Steers, as our ship was one of the last he ever constnicted. Here was a piece of enterprise deserving of encourage- ment. Even at a distance we thought she was a New York boat, and we were not deceived when she came alonsiile. The pilot was soon aboard, -^j ■I I !l 296 THB OOKAW TELEQKAPH. i ! hi' / and M the graceful little vfessel which ho had just left^ilod by, one of her crew asked if wo had been auecesafaL ., " Cupt. Hudson," Baid he, " is the cable laid ? " " Ye»," replied the captain, "the cable is laid." It was the first he Lad heard of til*, fact, for the boat was twolro days out of New York; bat it e.identry feykhim by surprise, fulling his cap off his head, he gave what wa3^rder, rhe pilot boat, g her Dags, to le nioroing the August that 'entful cruises if her arrival' heart that the '11 her passage 1 tlie cheering welcome her that morning 'etum of the self. These I, Lieutenant ge, purser of ael in Trinity »rd of which ttle oom pan y THK mCAL KXPKOrrfOlf. 990 gmre the osptain, officers and crew, ihret hearty eheera. The rigging was immediately manned, and as' the towboat started oo h«r way to tke eity three thundering cheers greeted the passengers in retarn. ft was four o'clock in t^ afternoon whdn the Niagara steamed up the bay, and soon after anchored in the East Biver, t^posite the Nary Yard. While lying here her captain, officers and crew; were visited by the pnblio officials, and from morning to njght her deck.s were so crowded as to render them almost impassable. GPhe public cntliusiasm was unbounded, an,d few thought of, or talked of, any thing else bnt thd success of the great enterprise. The night before the arrival of the ship th^ city was illu- minated,'and although the news of the Hucccssful landing of the cable was now two weeks old, th& public mind seemed as ex&itcd as ever at the wondrous achievement. The newspapers were filled with ^^ports of the celebration of the event all over the oonntrv, and preparations were going , on for the 1st of September, which had bee^ appointed as thtj'great day of jubilee and rejoicing. The 5th of Auj^t was justly regarded as the inauguration of a new era, an era bright with bopefal prospc«ts for the whole human race. The thrilling announcement had been ma.de to the world that time and space were no more, and that the great ocean . itself no longer presented a barrier to the communion of the Old World with the New. All the various nations of the earth were brought together again as members of the one family, and the great ideai of the unity of, the race was re-established. TV^is it any wonder that the mind of the people of the freest land under the sun should be moved to its profpundest depth when the great principles wbich they promulgated w»r© thus brought nearer to their practical realization ? Not only the barriers of space and time were removed, but the entrance to the great'domain of the Infinite seemed open to man, and the light that broke in from the other wqrld . tinged with its golden radiance the glorious promises of that good time which is yet to come, when wars shall cease, and peace and h^pinees 8hall*reign over all the earth. . v Already tbo rulers of the two countries which are thus united have exchanged congratulations, and their messages flftcak the language of friendship and goodwill— language that deserves to be recorded iii letters of light for future generations. THE QUEENS MESSAGE. / To THK Pb«8id«»t or TH« Ubimd StaiIes, Wishikotos. The Queen desires to oongratolate the Premdwit upon the suooessfnl completion of Uiis great international work, in which the Queen has taken the deepest interest. The Qvem is BOPTiooed that tho PrsMdent wU join with hw in far- i| 900 THR OOBAir TKUOKAPH. I' .in " ' w!^ fhrii « ' ''"?*"•' "••*'" "^^'^ ""' '^"^^^ 0"*t Briton Wi^ho Unjted 8t.t«» w U p«,ve .n additional link between the nation,^ MtZi. " t "P^" ^'^^^ ^o""""*"* interest and r«oip«,cal The QBeeA Lm much 0e4sur« in thus oommunioating with the Prci- atl """''"* *" '^"' 1"' '"''"' '"' "^^ P""P«''*^ '>f '^^ United THE PEESIDBNrs MESSAOR WlBHwoToif CiTT, Anguat 16, 1888. Tk iJ^""'' Vieronii, T,.t Qrrr.N of 0«at Britain M • * .u A"^"°* '*''^'''"-'' rc-nrocates the congratulationa of her InS ' ' ""'^"' "'•"• "■' ^^^'"^^'^"^ ^»-«y of *h^twl It i8 A triumph more glorious, because far mpre useful to mankind, than waa eror won by conqueror on the field o^ battle May the Atlantic Telegraph, under the blessing of Hearen prove atioL' ;' ""■ ^'^^'^''^ ^'"^ ?' fr'-<'«''>P between the kind ^ nations, and an instrnmont destined by Divine Providence to difiu« religion civilization, liberty and law throughout the world. In this new, wUl not all nations of Christendom spontaneously unite mcationsshal be held sacred in passing to their places of destinatiol even ift the midst of hostilities ? ' JAMES BUCHANAN. - THE NIAGARA AS SHE APPEARED AFTER THE CBTJISB. .™«f ^.T"^ " "'^^^ '***'*'' '" "0'''^«^ ^'tl* P««Ple after her amval, and.the greatest interest was exhibited in the cable circles and the paying^out machinery, none of which had been removed. Those who vxsued the ^^ Md, therefore, a pretty^fair. opportunity of In" all that was worth seeing, so far a^ the work of laying the cable i! T:::i I!S """' *'V'"^^^' *^« ^^''-' *^^ dynLoLt t circles contained some eighty or ninety miles of cubic coUed and ready L!7f I *' V ^ .T^' "P ^*" "'™~^»*«- The flooring of two or t^ree of the circles had been removed, but the remainder were « perfect M .t «iy tune whfle the work of »abmergidg the cable in the de^ of i ^%/--i Tint fTUAL KXPKBmoN. Wi (reat Britaii) 1 the oatioiu, id reoiprooal th the Prob- ' thd United it 16, 18S8. ona of her 1 enterprise of the twd mankind, iven, prove he kindred to diffiiae JUflly unite ts oommu- estination, i-NAN. after her ircles and Those of seeing cable is leter, the '0 of the nd ready i jeweler )f two or 8 perfect ieptha of the ocean #ttl in progress. There were- three circles on the spar deck, ♦wo, ^hioh wefke forward of the engine hatch, iiad no cable, but the third, which was aft of the name part of the ship, had twenty or thirty miles in one coil. Abore each of these a temporary staging waa erected for the purpdse of facilitating the' piJying-ont process. Wbile the work was going on no - one was allowed on any part of this staging who had no business there — not even the. officers of the ship. This rule waa carried out to the fullest extent, aiAi with the most despotic rigor. It was along this staging that the splicer, Paino, walked with the " bight" in his hand when the last fiithom in the hold coil was paid out, and when the wardroom coil was reached. The covering of the engine-hatchway bore the marks of the curiosity of one of the men, who, in his exertions to get a glimpse 6f Paine jihile perform- ing this feat, smashed the glass and nearly lost his life by his temerity. ' The iron bobbins over which the cable passed on its way to the machine, were not touched, and although an effort was made to remove the tar, it was found impossible to do so wholly, and traces of it could still bo seen by the visitors. For six whole days and nights those same bobbins never stoppedi^revolving, and they always saluted the car with the self- same rattling sound— a sound, by the way, that was peculiarly pleasant, conveying ffl^it did the information that the cable was going out sviccess- fully. Passing farther aft, the visitor came to the great u'achii.o itself, and it is as perfect a piece of mechanism^of its kind as was ever con- structed. While it was in operation none but those on duty wore allowed to go near enough to brush their skirts against it— they could hardly get sufficiently close to touch it with a six-foot pole, so strict were the regulations. No one dare transcend the written law which was displayed close by, informing all who had no business there that there they must not go. It was certainly a well guarded spot, and the sentry who kept watch near it was as rigid as an icicle— which means that ho would sooner break than bend. Then, J|p if all this was not sufficient, the whole was inclosed with a rope that extended beyond the dynamometer, bringing that within the prescribed limits. All these regulations and rules, however, ended with the landing of the cable, and the machinery waa as fV^e to inspection as any part of the ship. The rope was removed, and the sentry no longer kept watch over the prohibited ground. The paying-out machine had done its duty, and done it well, and was, perhaps, as deserving of attention as any thing else on bpard the ship. It was perfect in every particular, so that those who were of a mechanical or scientific turn of mind oonld, study it in all ita details. There were the two sheaves, with the four grooves, in which the cable ran, and there the brake-wheels on the same shaft, so that the speed of the former — «0uia lOwityaba regulated hy tbfl latter . The end of th e machine showed^ ;!*rl^-^;W■;^c>^v:1:^;■ m THE OCKAH TBLBOBAPB. If ^, I ^■Lri I- 'i t II ^'V 4n Hi r : -f 'i r*.K, i'""^';:'^ P"""*^' '•^'* '«" "»«**»« increase the «tmn upof the re.dern.u8t be fan»U„ with its aetion. The dynamometer Ihii atood w.thuj a few feet of the machine, of which it is au import! i^ difficultj in understanding the principle on which it worked. FrthTr uu« part of the sh.p was for the men who were stationed here and h^Z t en Lr d 1 ''^''Z *'^ "'^'^^^ ^ "^^ «^-' «^ ^^ breaking in or before it entered the machine. The moment the word was paLd to le aZ" "JT""' '■'' ^""™^ *^'y '-« ** once to pn^^ th^ rope stoppers, which were always at hand, and by whieh it ^u Jv hold the cable until the fractured part ^uJd brs;u:ed Xtlltl^ watclTh*^* *'"'"? '^*"^ ""'^ *" ^^'^ "^^^ ^J^o oouTBe of the cable was " watohed by more ^«. a doaen men, while nearly thrice that numl" six^-^iies o?:^irrco^ed'^::s.r:^tg^^^^^^^^^^ tfCir :::;!lt!^ the in^mments b.,,^„ removed, 2 «« iimiis alone were traceable. As the visitor proceeded for«.«i a« thu, point he came to another circle, and loo^gTou^ ttrhl^hJ^r lower circle Tl.;» ».= ♦!. •.- , ^ ^ o*n!e ont of the noi oircie. 11118 was the critical moment aid lU »;.u„- u wuipa w^re intended as sumal iruns and »Jia ♦— ^i» • on her sDar-denk Ti.„»- *t V . ' *olve imateose ports . --^wi \ '*^l WWftw^/IW v*r.r>-ilttT »: THE FINAL KXPEDITION. 303 ana of oblong e strain v^b 1 already that iinet«r, yrhieh iportant part, isitor had do sd. Further ^ entered the g fiJ-ooted on ed here, and eaking on or as passed to pot on the »*8 hoped to Fortunately, ■ely nominal >e cable was bat number out, to look ainiog some cttnvas, but ih t^e cable Ua coil vas moved, and "Ward horn ' hatchway, nd another [reatest in- ont of the itor could tense must when the it reached by drawing together in closer communion the several nations of the earth, than any mere man-of-war could have done. She has helped to lay the cable, and in what grander or nobler work could any vessel be engaged ? This it is which has rendered her famous, and given her an interest in the eyes of the people of the United States, greater than if she had gained the most brilliant victory on record. She did not, per- haps, look as presentable to the eye of the naval critic as if each side of her deck were lined with guns ; and the tar spots which frequently met the eye, may have seemed unsightly tQ what are called refined tastes, but they are preferable to blood stains ; and it is to be hoped there may be more frequeat employment for the cable machinery than for the can- non. I ll A. T. OO.'l ITATtoa nODIB. .* looked as c. There four oan- 9Bfle ports m-of-war, of peace, ■.^jStt. -.'*vi,-«i^/V ml ' I H 111* m \\H< WJl OFFICIAL REPORTS. MB. CYRUS W. FIELD'S DIARY. sin.^ leaving, Vneenstowri'S^"'"" ' ^""''''''^ '"^"'' " "^P^ «f '"y diary and th6 AgamemnoS a few hourakter All tK^"' I*"* ^'^™ »* ^ ^0 p. m., as p6B8ible in getting to tKndezv;^ TTn f^ r'"' '*? "^ "« "*"« '^ ■Wue:sky; from 5 to 9p m ove\3 S* MP to 5 r. m. clear weather and vamng^'f^m W^^ to '/ W ? h^'' ^.*'^ ^t" ^ ^'^^ ™«"»i««- Wind Monday, JaWl9-wSldvLr!i'J ^^ "t™<>''phere, cloudy andTqually cloudy aad «iny^ ^^"^ ^""^mg from W. to N. W. ; h^y atmospheA- and^Sr/' •'^^20.~W-d from .V. W.toN., hazy atoospher«, cloudy waJ^Tu'dy''''"'^'^--^^'^^. W.,with Blight variations to the east- '^^^"jn^y^^-wi^LJ^^^-^^'-- «ky and cloudy. Olondv, haky atlgphe JaS ,Sn NiJ^^a^^r^ J' ^Z ^- "*' N. N. W. P. »^, fatitude 52° 5' N., Witu™32° 42^ ""^ ** rendezvous at 8 30 cloudy^d^qi^i^ ''-^^'^ N- N- W. and N. by E. Hazy atmosphe. andlTd^!' ^"'^ 25.-Va,orous arrival at 4 . .. Calm. ^ atmosphere, ^''Str""°"^^«'^4i™^^^^ C*Pt.01dh.m,ofthe WKD^^i°^5„^- aa'SfSfS ST^*"- «°n5on arrived at 5 p. k. atmosphere. Wm^n ar^K? 5 ?" k * ' *"°" "^ •*'"* "'y *"'^ ^ fle.t^'',1Ji,;°'^g^-^i*«t««fe 527 N. longitude 32» 27' W. TeWph Splice madeS 1 p k C^i.^I?*'* ^Ajh aa little coal weather and ■iJBsIing rain; •ning. Wind nd squally, atmosphere, here, cloudy » the east- I N. N. W. ous at 8 30 itmosphcre atmosphere, ham, of the d at 5 p. M . y and hazy Telegraph Cloudy. 5 cable on tnoe to the • the Tele- ueof Trin- Telcgraph u&emnon. The Niagara and the Agamemnon have each abairt 1,100 nautical miles of cable on board — nearly the same quantity as last yCar. At 7 4? p. m. ship's time, or 10 05 p. m., Greenwich time, signals from Agarriemnon ceased, and the tests applied by the electricians showed that there was a want of continu- ity on the cable, but the insulation was perfect Kept on paying out from Niagara very slowly, and constantly applying all kinds of electrical tests, until 9 10 p. M., ship's time, or 11 30 Greenwich time, when agai" commenced receiving perfect signals from the Agamemnon. FmnAY, July 30. — Latitude 6P 50' N., longitude 34° 49' W. Dis- tance run by observation last 23 hours, 89 niile^ ; do. by ship's log, 99^ ; do. by engineei's log, 102; do. by patent log, 106:3. Paid out 131 miles 900 fathoms cable, or a surplus of 42 miles 900 fathoms over distance run by ob- servation, equal to, 48 per cent. Depth of water, 1.550 to 1,975 fathoms. Wind from S. E. to 8. Weather thick and rainy, with some sea. Gorgon in position. At 3 50 a. m. finished the main deck coil, and commenced paying out from the berth deck. 467 miles from water, 1,466 fathoms. 547 " " " 1,080 " 677 " " '• 466 " 747 *' " " 200 " [ity Bay. ^ 793 " " Telegraph House at Bay of Bulla' Arm, Trin- At 2 20 p. M. received signal from on board the Agamemnon that they had paid out 150 miles. At 2 36 p. m., had paid out from Niagara 150 miles cable, a: ' informed engineers on board of Agamemnon of the same. SATrBDAT, July 31.— Latitude 51° 5' N. longitude 38° 28' W. Distance run by observation last 24 hours, 137 miles ; distance run by ship's log last 24 hours, 141f miles;, distance run by engineer's log last 24 hours, 142^ miles ; distance run by patent log last 24 hours, 137.6 miles. Paid out 159 miles 813 fathoms cable, or a surplhs of 22 miles 843 fathoms over dis- tance run by observation — equal to 17 per cent. Depth of water from 1,657 to 2,250 fathoms. Wind moderate, S. E. to S. W. ; and from 6 a. m., N. W. by N. Weather cloudy, with rain and some sea. Gorgon in position. Total amount of cable payed out, 291 milc^ 730 fathoms. Total distance run by observation, 226 miles. Total distance run by patent log, 242.9 miles. Total distance run by ship's log, 241 i miles. Total distance run by engineer's log, 244^ miles. Surplus cable paid out over distance run by observation, 65 miles 730 fathoms, equal to 29 per cent. 330 miles from water, 1,465 fathoms ; 410 miles from water, 1,080 fathoms ; 450 miles from water, 465 fathoms ; 510 miles from water, 200 £kthoms; 656 miles from Telegraph House. At 1 14 V. M. had paid out firom Niagara 300 miles of cable, and informed engi- neers on board of Agamemnon of the same. At 2 45 p. m. received signal from on board the Agamemnon, that they had paid out from her 300 miles cable. At 5 37 p. m. ftaished the coil on berth deck, and commenced to pay out flpom the lower deck. SusDAT, August L—Latitude 60° 32" N., longitude 41° 65' W. Distance run by observation last twenty-four hourSj 145 miles ; distance run by ship's log last twenty-four hours, 139 miles; distance run bv engineer's log laat twenty-four hours. 142 tailes; distance run by patent log last twenty-four hours, 141 7-10 miles. Paid out 164 miles 683 fethoms cable, or a surplas of 19 miles, 683 fothoms Over distance run by observation— equal .to 14 per cent Depth of water, l^S^ to 2,424 fathoms. Wind moderate and freah, from N. N. E. to N. E. Weather cloudy, misty with squalls and heavy swell. Gorgon in position and keeping our course verv accurately. Total amount of rahiB lyiii oiit. 456 milea 400 fkthoma. Total distance run by oba crvaaon, Sniifcfc 'RliJ dlslinc^ run ^ pa&M Jog, 384.6 mtlBB. ivm «mt«w" run by ship's log, 380| liilto. Tptal dislinco run by •ngmcnr's log, 886^ 2Q . V , : \C.'^' ^U%i%> <'W ^.l 806 THB OCEA^IT TTXBOBAPH. ■ f fitthoma; 365 miles to water MO fkttlTu i^?.""' ."^^^ "".'** **» '^*«''' ^6^ Telegraph Housed At S^WrMfiS!^ ' ^^ ""'*' -^ '*'"'' ^" '""«''*« chaSedto coil in the hold "*" '^^'^ ^^'"^ **"' ~" «" '«'^«' <1«^ "^^d log last tx.mty-ionrhmnluZ^^cldlt^'^' ^^"^ ™nb}r chip's twenty, four houHL 14U miies • diSf™ ^^ ^ engineer's log iast !«*«, 141.7 miS. Aid ^t 17T^nJT^«H^'*°* '*"!,''«* twen^-four of 23 mUes ISOlShom? oy°r distL^ «.n 1*^ fathoms cable, or a surplus cent. Depth of wat^ 1 WO to 2?Rw\k^ observation-equal to 15 V cloudy. Gorgon iAWtion T^ptJIo "*'l?™^■^'"'* "°'^- W«»t«*r loul LcW oT,"3r "blo^/™S^/";.V mgimsrt log, sas mil„; 108 »ite 500 fttboZ" kS h f' u ^ 1 "^ '"^ °-^ *• »»•) pluaofUmiSTrRa &th„nT:« ''"'^•'^^ ""*'« <^ **oms cab Jer cent DeSh'o? ^t^lo'J^^ t^^'^. /_"" b^obser^tion-eq^ to 10 miles 800 fathoms- totij E^ « k T""* °^ «»"« paid' out, 795 di.tance run ^^Lt\^ mf^}J^JL^^^'^''\^'^^ milesftotil f e. ; total d^tiK;„^fSt«SL^ T*^f «''•?'« '«& «8H plus cable paid out over distwSe nm K^'^ mleBj total amount of snr- —leas than 19 ner ant 7^S 5^ V **^?S7**'°"' ^23 miles 300 &thoni9 land ; Kiirto'i^egiJh'H^ "^M's^l^'i'T-^ Jf? ™^" *<> -*'" from hold, and oommenld^vW^i't f^J^^ "' ^■"^*^ S"»*°? <>»» «>» remaining on board at^n AM 1^1 ^t^!^ coil; sfe mfles c»bK on boMtfthe AaSwmiZ Vf Ai k ;?• ";< «'>'P'lOn>e, received sigmils from ««i received signal frorL'^uSjt'^"' T^T ^* ^ ^<> '• «•. "^p's firthSms. At 10^0 P M BhS'8 ^^.°° **^* ^« '^ '° water V m mfomed AgamemSn of the UL ^ "*^ "^ '"^' «^ ««> *»»»<«««. -"d ««-*«» na, S^eS^oi 14^ mijf'*5?r ™? byawHog, 149 mfles ; »a«. Paid out KSJs ol) &?h^™f ' u5!*^°** "" ?»y P»^°* '°Kt »*» ftthom. over distwoe i^in bf „hl!^^- **''^ *": " "^"^ «f « "' "^ ''eo »». "*>»uiwoeauunij,|)atAoUjcaIm. Gorgon ia ' € i distance ran by i5 miles to wuter l«8 to water, 466 land, 511 miles to I lower deck, and 37 W. Di«tance ice run by chip's igineer's log last last twenty-four le, or a surplus -equal to 15 per ' lorth. WeatRer 1 rollmg heavily, tae of accident, it U 7 >. M. passed rotal amount of by obsorration, i total distance I log, 528 miles ; by observation, om water, 1,465 rom water, 465 rom land; 357 3 88 Greenwich eceiving signals «, or 8.40 A. M., ad to be in the the lower end, " 23' W. Dis- . listance run by ' engineer's log )g last twenty- We, or a sur- n— equal to 10 W. Weather paid' out, 795 I miles; total hip's log, 661i moont of snr- fl 300 ftthom'? Mies to water, «3[inp out coil S miles cabh i signals from niles of cable. P. M., ship's •rater of 200 fiithoma, and 2° 43' W. " % 149 mfles ; tent log, 142 8 Di „,. •>60 Gorgoain OFFICIAL RTKPOETS. 30T €■ position. Total amount, of cable paid out, 949 miles 660 fathoms ; total amount nm by observation, 818 miles ; total amount nin by patent log, 802 4-10 miles; total amount run by hhip's log, 810^ miles; total amount run by engineer's Tog, 815i miles. Surplus .„ ■ ^^' P.^»ri tr ' *i'«STaph cable landed At C; eud of cable oarri'ed into Tel- Niagara, then read prayers, and made some remarks. ^ ' ^^"^ omm/' 'ill Jf. i*-'^*^'' '''^'"'"" ^"'■^•'" ^'^ » '•''3 1 salute of twenty- To>,L"'^''T\i^"^^* ,*': "J 2 *• ■«■' "team-tug Blue Jacket arrived from St and^\^' Mr. Brookmg^s partner was one of the passenger^ M D^Sautv M r?/lf .""^^ K™ ^ '^"^^ ^'"'^ Telegraph House finished as soon as r^sSj SorS^F-^i^--^^«^^ fc^de^diSadotrs A £ w^ro^^sirr^ DmKCTOBs 0^ •iM*«;,,c Tkl-obaph Comp^kt. London ■ ^''^ "' '^'"'"' ""• ''• mor^iipj^'^rcfto-riTt^^^^^^^^ thgtiSs^ttL^^'Thr^^^^^^^^^^ ' order anotlier, manufactured in time to lay next suSr! ^^ ^ ' of Jirst^^^'rpir; '"' *'^ ^""^ '^"'^ ^^^^ ^-' «^-'^ p-- the?SXT'T'^ byjel|graph a number of messages, among which wei^ ToCn.™ W.F«.n.Es...TrinityB.y:^""""' '"""'' ''"' ^''^' '' ^'''• ♦l.«^-?'*? ^'* :— I congratulate you with all, my heart upon the success of O* Tk**?,"**. "^^^ ''^''^ y»"^ n»™e isso howrablvTnnected fours, very respectfully, James Buchanan. •^^'■v MdJ.. '/.:■;'■: ..r^ :4,.';vj-v' 7' K^:)-'.;ji*.-,^.\»i^tfm(j;^g_ ro^third uiiles per with M. de SaiUy, I there is now re- manufactured this ;ed la^t year and ng of the cable, I itis. ^ carried into Tel- ioi'ty through the Huilsofi, of the alute of twenty- 1 Company, from iied. Received a uccessful landing •f Her Jfajesty'a > led the r^ifiji;ara great circle arc. ajesty's steamer Bted the Niagara :horage near the rrived from St. I. M. De Sauty soon as possible. hardly any pro- »at they wanted the Telegraph ; despatch, to be ' HCLLS, N. F. i six Thursday with ends pre- 2 Gorgon, Coni. was the calile' >rward by mail 3 W. PlBLD. ismit promptly * I that you will ■ ', should prove ig which were g«st 6, 1858. the success of lected. ve instruroen- id nations. I Buchanan. OEKIOIAX. EErOETS. 309 Nkw York, August 0, 1868. To Craps W. Fiklp, Trinity Bay: The'city is intensely excited over your succes?. The m^wi ha^ reached all parts of the Union. Messages are offering for Europe. Answer. ' iSliall we take themi J. Eddy. St. Johns, N. B., August fi, 1858. To Ctros W. Field, Trinity Bay : > Excitement here increasing. Parties in every moment for busipe&s. What tariff from here? . D. B. Stevens. Boston, August 6, 1858. To Ctrcs W. FiEi.r>, Trinity Bay : Dear Sik :— The city authorities of Bostoh to-dajr ordered the firing of 100 mns upon the Common, and the ringing of bells ior one hour from noon, in Mpr of the successful laying of the aible. ■"^^ , Respectfully yotirj, Ars.x. H. RicB. Toronto, August 6, 1858. To Cyaca W. Field, Trinity Bay : His Excellency, the Governor General, desires to express his' congratula- tions on the success of the accomplishing of the great ujidertoking of laying the Atlantic telegraph cable. A. J. Pknkkfeathkb, Governor's Soc'y- Sent to the Associated Press the following messages: Trinity Bat, N. F., August 6, 1858. To THS Associated Press, Xcw York : The Atlantic telegraph cable was successfully landed hero yesterday morn- ing and is in perfect order. The Agamemnon lias landed iier end of the cable, end we are now receiving signals from the Telegraph Ho^ 'e, Valentia, The. United States steam frigate Niagara and her Majesty's steamers (.or- gon and Porcupine leave for St. Johns to-morrow. Due notice will be given when the Atlantic telegraph line will be oix?n for busies. <^Y*»^s W'^'-''- Trivitt Bat, N. F., Friday Evening, August 6, 1858. To THB AsaooiATJD PRESS, New York : Since our arrival heft yesterdawmoming, I have been constantly receiving; telegraphic messages asking for full particulars in regard to the laying of the ■ Atlantic cable, to which it is impossible to reply as every moment of my time will be fully occupied while T remain here ; and I have-handed to Mr. McKay, superintendent of the New York, Newfoundland, and Undon Telegraph Com- ^ny's line, my daily journal, and given him full permission to send from the same any extracts that he might thmk of interest to the public, and especially those portions which will reply to the communfcations tJiat I have received. *^ . CvRUS W. Field. Mr. McKay sent to the press the next day extracts from my journal. , , Saturday, August 7.— Steamers Niagara, Gorgon, and Porcupine sailed, and returned on account of the fog. I visited lead mines to enpge men to work on Telegraph House, cut wood, build road, Ac. Electricians busy fitting «p inM.r u mc nU. The fo li o wiBg^te kgrapMc n a g^ ^a gg " ) ^^'Ml"^" ' ? ot^rgiJy^ro sent and received : J I 4' ' J" -,t, J«^ .V ■i| o 3f 310 THE OOEAK TELBORAPH. i -A >J t i I |I *■ IB f „ — T«ti NiTT Bat, AuBtist T 185A To h. Exo^ffency Jxv.s BacH.«.., P^eaident of the United Su^ ^V''. "*• Bedford Springs, Penn. : , ' "* hPr^^n ?wi^'^"' ""^ "■,"■ *«!«K™P^"<- despatch is duly received. We landed Cyrus W. Pieij). To OTRr* W. Fjkd, Trinity Bay ■'^*'' ^>*' ^"8"** '' '858. ' '' ' Pkter Cooper. To Mr. McKat, Trinitf Bay : ^"^ ^°'"'' ^"S«»t t, 1868. for ™r„ni!jrr^'' ""^'""y "^ ¥'• ^'*"''1'« '^*»'^ permission, and send n., lor morning papers from oij? to two thousand words from bus diary Add t , Thpri^if ■„ I ^'",«'»«!rf""y P*y the operators extri^or their services To Tm A..oci„.» p.rte, K,,.Y„i , ''"""' ""■ ■'"B"" '. l«=e. To Ctrub W. Fiild. St. Johns : ^'^ ^*'**' -^"ens* 9. 1868. the.? on Thu!idaT^!l tL^'?'''''^^',*"'^ ^•^"- ^he joyful new, arrived \. w M^*K ^' and almost overwhelmed your wife. Father rejoiced like S boy. Mother was wild with delight. Brx)tLr«, sisters, all wrSojed The yillaga was in a tami|lt of joy. l^bleaayoH. My deu- brother, I congmtulata y ou. 3f , August T, 185^. teg, - ■■' ived. We landed all ready and per- You ijhall have 8 perfected. The ni\{, and the first uly your setTant, ana W. PiEtn. August 1, 1858. 5th to the press, ith the enterprise mt the country, he press Asires «t8 of inflipt to ETBR OOOPKR. August 1, 1858. rion, and send us i diary. Add to agara arrived at their servioes. [iceive of, and vre D. H Cbaio. Lugust 7, 1858. rumcnts are all stween the two , but it may be lessaRB between ;o the President VB W. Field. the cable. Ke- ith the elcctri- not, left in the it. Johns. Her At 6 p. M., ar- g of the cable, which I copy. igiist 9, 1868. news arrived er rejoiced like 'ere overjoyed, "The cable is ig;-atulata you. OFFICIAL BEP0BT8. 811 " T«niiTT Bat, August 9, 1868. To Ctikis W, FiELtt, St, Johns : , I have just joined up key and large coiU, and am now ^ndingto Valentia, Shal communicate again shortly. Dr. Sauty. Trwitt Bat, August 9, 1858. To Ctru« W. Firld, St. Johns : > It i« necesnary to pass many preparatory signals for adjustment of our in- Btrumentfl, needing some slight alterations. , Do not expect her Majesty s mes- sage before the morning. Still exchanging good signals^ De bAUXY, Trihitt Bat, August 9, 1858.* . f o Othdb W, Fiild, St. Jobns : . Receiving good recorded currtats from Valontia, Perfectly ^tis&ctory. Dp. Sautt. TRiNrrr Bat, August 9, 1868. To Ctrcs W. FiKLD, St. Johns : . . -rr , i. ■, ^i. i I have received perfectly a communication from Valentia, and they get our signkls there. Please send early, without Cul, the fly-wbeel, Dk Sauty. New Yom, August 9, 1868. To Ctrds W. Field, St, Johns ; Drar SiK :-The Common Council of New York have resolved on a gr«it celebration of the laying of the cable. The <^«n««'"^, "^ ™'??'°^,^?: sire to know the day on which tfie first message wiU be sent, m orAjrto recommend a general iUumination in the eyemng. Plette send reply to- *^y* , Dahbi. P. TnaiisK, Mayor. St. Johot, Tuesday, August 10, 1868. Wrote to Messrs," T. H. Brooking, Sons & Co,, in regani to completing Telegraph House and furnishing M. De Sauty with supphes. St, JoHiM, Nkwfoundi,AJ«d, August 10, 1868, M«tm, Brookwo. Sons & Co., St. Johns : . , , , GBrrtRMKN :-I have to request you wiU, " qnwWy as possiblq, br.ckway cell, and otherwise finish the house in B^ «f »"»:«/ T^vST^l^r^? De Ailkntip Teleirranh Comnanv. and make such additions thereto as M, De sSfmay S". S?^e furnish M. De Sauty with any supplies that Ky oL"L account o{ the oompwiy. I remain, genUemen, very truly yonr friend, Ctbds W. FiKtn, General Manager Atlantic Telegn4>h Company. Received an addi«ss from the Executive CouncU of Newfoundland, and also oneS^e Ch'sllToFcommerce of .St Johns, and be «w y^ •'^^H ^ of the same and my replies,-[The8e will be found in full m the account of the reception at St, Johns,— .iwtAor.] . .^™««. m^a The telegraph line to the United States was f^P!^*«7"^'^frSf I gave the oficeni of the, steamers the privilege of sending and ttKeivmg free, " TKVo^^^htl'^iLjXner party at seven, where I met many of my oldS^Smd frieX «id laS^in the evenmg there was a grand ball **X?|fria^°4ny tri y>ph a.e^.g-. of w hidx tha folk>wi.M, «e » V ■/ i !H 812 THE OOKAK TELEOKAPH. .Ki i 'W To CTRC9 W. F1KI.D, St Johns • r^"'' ^""''' •*"«°** "' 1868 W. G. HtJNT. w,,.^ r^ « ,, ^- "^'*'"'' N- "'•> Woduesday, August 11. p m W1L8OM G. Hwrr, Esq., New York. ' /, e i«, >•; « unanimous y that for several wpoks afvJTr Vkl .1 ^^'®Sr"P >.;ipany decided America, .vhen J JZayTr:^^l'l^:^TJ:'^"''^'''''''' '" ^""^^ ^"^ Ctktjs W. Field, To TH. AiwocuntD P^ifss, New York ^''^ '^''™''' ^•=<^"««'»J'' ^ng- H, p. m. sole use ofX wSS P,^r^„?TK "^ *** ''"J'' '^^^ u»; for i, l„ CO JdJ37h«"A^L;l„S'b^Sl"£i^^^ "T t«ift ;™.': "" ■» »""" "■»» «» '"» "" "• '^7 for b„.mes., ^ n, % CVBUS W, FlfcLD. Vir-T A« o „ ^' ''°^^' ^- *"•' Wednesday, August 11. 1858 \ ICE Admtral Sm HormoN Stewabt, K. C. B., &,., HaUfax, N s Cyrus W. Fuld. To Craw W. FnttD, St John*. Trinitt Bat, Angnrt II, 1868. St jSJT *'"*"^ """ ^''*- * ^'^ "°* t'^'^ y°« -^^ -^^t us by staying at It is rulcaimed India rubber, not vulcanito that is required. "> Dk Savtt. To Ctbds W. FnoD, St. Johns. TRnimr Bay, August 11, 1858. Nothing to commumcate, AU progresaii^ eatisfactorily. , '%4^i^^ Siut 1], 1868 them, and have re do? Please 1^. Q. HCNT. gust n, p. M this afternoon. ..ipany decided should be kept IS to try their I with greatest in Europe and W. Field, ng. 11, p. M. raph Company en's and Pres- weeks for the electricians, to ng, so that thd hod for future rown open for purposes, even iness, and the W. FlfcLD. 1 11, 1858. favor if you 'Niagara, Cap- rican officers th us in our imph. his officers. i'". FntLD. 11, 1868. y staying at E Sautt. 11, 1858. OFF^OUI. BEPOKTB. 318 # TRwrrT B*r, Angmt 11, 1868. To Cntns W. Fiklp, St Johna. Thanks for your kind message. All well and desire to thank you for your kindness to them. Sixteen yards vulcanized ruLher cord, quarter of an inch diameter, required: ^ , Not a second shall be lost in sendmg Queen's message. ^ Wish you a pleasant voyage. ' Dk Sautt. Left St. Johns, in United States steam frigate Niagara, at '4 30 p. m., for New York " Her Majesty's steanler Porcupine, Capt. Otter, leaving at the same time for Plymouth, Englind. Weather pleasant ; light S. W. wind. Thubsdat, August 12.— On our way to New York. Ihick weather } smooth sea ; wind S. W. . '. . ^, , ^ ■ i\. ft„^ Fbidat. Aug. 18.— Thick weather m the forepoon ; pleasant m the after- noon, with very light 8. wind. . ., , ,, Bat0E1)AY, August 14.— Calm ; beautiful warm weather. Sunday, August 15.— Thick and rainy in the morning ; clear at noon with lieht S W wind. Were at noon much surprised to heap-^hat the chief engineer of the Niagara had just informed Captoin Hudson that he had not ooal enough left to take the ship to New York. j , , j »:i Fires were allowed to gradually go down, and proceed slowly under sail. The coal purehased at St. Johns turned out to be very poor for st^m pur- _ poses, and has burned away much faster than ^»« ^^I^.^^^" . \* ^//j' more than 350 miles from New York, took on board from pdot boat No. 5, a ^^iN^AY'^August 16.-Light bead wind; thick weather; sailing very slowly, not more than two knots per hour, untU 4^ p m.. when fires were liirhted and proceeded under easy steam towards New York. *^ Ss^AT.^August 17.-Light west wind and very fo^y m the mommg; clear and plcWant in the afternoon, with wind from S. W. and o- ' WEDZDA-TAugust IS.-PassU Fire Island Light at 2 a. m^ made Smdy Hook light at 4, and at about 6 chartered tugboat Achilles to take me to New York where I arrived a little before 9% m. . tL Niagara will cross the bar at high tide this aOernoon, and arrive oppo-^ site the citTat about 5 p. m. There is great rejoicing aU over- the country at th«, aiirrpssfnl lavinK of the Atlantic cable. . , t • i. *^^entof the Atlantic cable was landed from the ^iagara on the I™h shore, AuguSt 5, 1857, and the othor op the American side, August 5, 1858, ^ The'l^rB^e ««d laid l«5t year from Valentia still remaips, and tje main clbris^to be spUoed on to it, so that bgia ends have been lauded from ^' ?hSie now laid in Trinity Bay is the same as was 8^nier|ed last yea^ " from the shore end of the Irish coast, and since recovered. Ihe telegraph Kwiled from Plymouth on the experimentnl trip May 29 ; the cable Broke aUhf^tern of theTgamemnon on tVe 29th of June, and the laf spl^J^ 7« mad^ on t^e 29th of fulv. The Atlantic Telegraph Company failed to lay Sek cable in August, 1857, and again in the second effort, June, 1858, but """^i irem oSe'Sstoi^Suly 17, and would undoubtedlv have arrived at Nel^olk ?^teX ( iS-Bt if), provided we had had on ^ard a supply of ^'Vill you pl-se to setld me by mail a copy of the log of tl>e Agamemnra from SeTmeTl^ splice was m^de until she •^^J/JJ^SL^j^^'^tg; ^OTginwra' aadr eteetrieiftM' re ^ .of t h e >ynj^ the^ble f">m JM» ■(ft ship?- '','«■ 814 tllB OOBAH TBUDOKAPH. It : P»ny, L the sole w^^J of Si„?T?^'" "^ *^' ^*''""'' TeleKr.ph ComI •coept my -^mpmlion U "liX.v5Tff„i JT^ «tt«'n<4 yw^ will pl««e my power, consistent withmyduSmvl.^r/.T"'''' *1 ''" ""^ *"»« '" N«w Tout A»» Uawforaoi^B TmiwjmAra Statiok. Heport and log of the Snrjinecr, Mr. W. E, Evtrttt. T^ ^"™> Statkb SnuuixR Niaoara, .AoiRut 17 18^ ^'l'«' vi- "♦«,!**■ I riflcetomygeli; eileKraph Com- >u to make the 04 will pleaw lo any thing in private aHaira, nd maohineiy Msing of God, by the electric 7, M ineer's Ib^, tbe p«yin|^ ion farther . \ . OVFIOIAL SSPOBTS. 815 the next day at noon, was undoubtedly cauaed, to an extent, by the ship «ot runninir directly on her course, a* for that day there was a difference o! sixteeiTand a third miles between disUnce run by obaervatmn and patent log, whUe for the remaining part of the voyage they nearly coi«.de.l. Also J^t the speed of the ship noted, per hour must not be cOnsidcrud stncily correct, as It 18 ni.t possiWe to log accurately by the ordinary mcanH. Nearly all of the stores were landed at the Telegraph House, Bay of BuUs Arm, a« they would be of much more nervice to the company there than any other disposition which could have been made of them. ^„,^ ThenHs now remaining on board about sixty miles of caLle^anufacturcd by Glass, Elliott A Co. during the present season, and about t^^euty miles or the cable recovered from falentia Bay, most of which is not suiUble for '^The cable, machinery, and a few articles now on board, will be disposed of by the direction of Mr. Field. . , . Il is almost needless for me to state, that each person connected with the underUking has been untiring in his efforU to bring about so pratifymg a re- sult « the successful laying down of the Atlantic Telegraph Cable, and that Spt Hadsonand all theoficors have made any ajid every B«^«fl'=.« '» '"rth^r The great work. Accept my congratulations, and b«l«^« P*^^*''(^'i;i?f I*'" obedient servant. Thursday, July 29. Howt k. M. 10 r. K. 3 8 4* 5 6 T 8t S 10 19 Dynjunometor gtniii. Bnka BtnlB. SOOO SOiSO 90S0 soeo aoM SOfiO SOfiO wso soeo WM 1800 IMO 1M0 1900 I860 1W» IMO —^ ^ Horiwaui. Vertical. by RotonMWr. if4 »( alilp. IMO IMO 10* !•• W 10' »■ 10* 10' to- lo- ll* B. »• B. B. ^' 8. ««» e. IS- B. IS' s! 16' Bl a •0' & >• 18- & !»• 6 5 6 5 5 S % 6 5 aoo too 818 800 060 818 S41 8M 418 888 718 690 9 9 2 4 .4 4 4 3 8 4 4 9 e « e 4 4 LOltad. M d«. 09 mU... N. ; longltod^ M de,. 1 M.40 » ^1- o»J^ D.pSrfwL^r;i.5«)athoma ( U IMO 80 mil- .ut. ^ ^ Semarks. Tmr 29— From 8 to meridian.— At 10 20, stem of ship being secored by £L!«>mmTced vlen^i .ou<,.«abIe to the Agamemnon to make spbce. At 10 30 veered out 100 fathoms. ** i „« hawser was From4to6,Bnooth8««. At 4 40, 30 miles paid out. . , - „ ^a o^t F«m 6 to 8 sea nnoath. Light bree« on port beam. At « ^J P"*«« 30 mnTof cabie. At 7 54 continuity reported to have ceased. Ship s speed ^^F^m 8 to la-At 9 11 continuity restored, it 8 55, 40 ^« .P^<™\ At 10^. 50 maes paid ont. Distance nin fX midnight, by patent tog. 41 16 raBoe id i: '1.^::. iopi !>fc'^^»»TRet '•"'W^ lit- >-^Il tifl tfi ■^''^c^^V'f 316 THB OOBAN TBMOBAPH. ___^Wd^j^/tt/y 80. •78 minute*. Depth of water, from 1,H0 I-Kltude, 51 deg. BO mlB. • mln. ' to 1 am r.f »i«™. I 5°"!* "' ""We paid roartti,.«i&pe7?e» Htmarks. 818 8 •MS 8 SS8 S 8«0 6 618 6 800 6 618 6 4 4 • 2 8 4 S out, m,MOfikthoiiu. 89, patent log. ' "'*• ■*' ° *• H. bad rnn 81^ miles by at lUs" fsa "'^1S^^t:t^dZ^'t'L'^'' %*' •* ^« 27, 120 miles, Light w4d aft. Snm^ ZJ^ ^ *" *^® *"' ^ »>»»"». ^04.3 duIm.' 4 J7^. 1^. *° '*-;r^^ ^ I*'' 1^ nwlea of cabi* out • at 2 ^Ift i -in .. aea aft. ' ^"' ^^*^ ""'^^^ "^ "'Wo out Strong wind and moderate en^tf^o^^rVail^f ' '"^ -««->^ -bleout. F„«h bi^ze and mod- muS7Sfl?4,'"2tar\«,Hr^^^^ 1008,200 quarter to port beam. ^^crL'lt^^PX'^t^Ts '^Z^^ Saturday, July 81. Ab(Io of R,f«, Too dark to outboard. W 8. 0- 9 . I VtrtlMl. cable W ■/ Rotoiutn. T « tee OTO T18 O i^' V'K \i ' BpMdofiUp. X. r. 4 a 4 « 4 8 4 S 4 « 6 a 6 4 B 8 B B a t 1 4 B 4 ■ 6 6 6 4 6 • < 8 « 6 S B 6 4 « - < 8 o OFFIOIAi EEPORTS. 317 Hour. T 8 9 W 11 18 T. U. 1 8 S 4 'n 8 " 9 10 11 13 Dj-oaODOtDitcr gtrmiD. iOW) 2000 2060 8060 '8060 1050 2050 a)oo 205Q 20J0 2076 8076 2075 2075 2060 200() 21KI0 2000 Brake StrkiD- 1800 1800 1800 1800 ISOO 1800 1800 1800 17.W 1800 1300 1800 1800 ISiK) IbOO IHW) 1S'>0 InOO 1800 Angla of Rope. 0- 8. 5" •- S. 9" 2° 8" 2° 8" 5' 6' S. 8. 8. 8. B. 8. 8. 8. AmonDt p«r honr by Rotomfter. K. r. 8" 8. 10" 8. 10- 0' 7" i- H. 8. 8. 8. Straight 6° 8. 4- 8. li' 'iV 12' 10° 12' 10' 13' 1!!'' 181^ IS* 18" lO" 10- 12° 12' 12' 10" 12' 18' S 6 6 6 6 T 6 T 6 T 6 S 6 6 6 6 6 6 00<) mio «18 660 268 tTO 6S0 200 BOO 618 4S8 903 680 648 420 628 770 628 Speed of tltip. K. T. 6 6 6 6 6 B 6 ^ 6 6 6 6 6 6 « 6 6 4 6 1 7 7 4 4 6 7 4 C 6 7 7 Depth of wster, 1,657 to 2,250. LaUtade, 61 dea. 6 inln. Longitude, 88 dog. 23 nila. 1 Knot* of c»blo paid out, 159 mllea, 843 fatUomii. Knots run by snip, 187. I Loss, n p«r cent Remarks. At 1 10, 220 miles of cable out; at 2 35, 230 miles; at 4 31, 240 miles. Fresh breeze and moderate sea on port quarter. Distance run by patent log since meridian Friday to 4 p. M. Saturday, 90.4 miles. ^rom 4 to 8.^At 5 34, 250 miles of cable out; at 7 11, 260 miles ; at 8 11^ ? miles, indicated by patent log since yesterday noon. Light breeze ota ^'V5om'8rrriZi*"-At-8 44, 270 milesof cable out; atlO 30,280nWB5 at 11 56, 290 miles. Distance run by patent log smce Fnday noon, 13ff .5 '""F;om meridia>to 4 p m -At 1 14, 300 miles of cable out ; at 2 35,'310 milesTTtTo2, 320 mn;fl Light hcid breeze; moderate sea. Rotometer ^^^m TtJf-Tt 5 36, 330 miles of cable out; commenced orlop deck« circle at 5 40. Very light breeze on 'starboard bow, with but little sea. Cm 6 to 8 -it 7 12, 340 niites of cable out. Light head wind, with moderate sea. At 8, 44.3 miles run by patent log sin^ meridian From 8 to midnight.-At 8 45, 350 mUes of cabW out; at 10 16, 360 miles ; at 11 46, 377 miles. Sunday, August 1. Hoar. 1 8 8 4 6 « 7 8 9 10 U r. M. 1 Dynunometer Btnia, 8076 8076 8075 9075 8000 8000 8000 8000 8078 8100 noo am Brake Stnin. 1800 1800 1300 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 ■ia6o Annie of Rope. IloriaonUI. 4' N. fl- N. »• 8. 10" N. 10" N. ir N. 10' N. 19' N. 10" N. 10* N. Vertical. 18' 10' 10' 10* 12' 18' 18' 19- 11* Ajuouet per hour by Rotomrter. Hpeed at lUp. 18* 7 7 7 7 7 « 6 « 7 8 86S 800 400 318 400 110 90S T28 090 400 100 eis too « • 6 B 6 « < 6 « fl i. < .'\:.; v?'.^* i^-.-- [ ■ i ' ^P'' N-l M^ f;;i :'!'■ .31 THE OCEAN TELEOBAI'H. '' " latitude, M deir. 8i min. , iongltmlp, 41 ihit. 66 mIn. KuoU cable paid out, 164, tSa. Amount per boor 8i>..di)ftUp. by Bolomctflr. K. r. « F. 6 908 A 4 6 T28 6 010 6 490 818 9S8 485 T08 300 300 818 6 Bemarks Knots run by 8yp;l45. i*>s«. 14 ii«r nent I>«pth ofwatur, from 1,950 to 9,4!H fethoma. - f ^u7™ ™'^"'gllt t« •*.— At 1 15, 3.^0 miles of cable o,.t • at ^ .>^ oq„ ., of cable out; at 3 59 400 Frrsh }>r,.oJl ^ * caoie out; at ^ J6, 390 oiiles From 4 to 8 -At 5 2o' 4K1 a p k? '*«:^"'"-<^ bow; moderate sea. out; at 5 A M ,"90 miL run L f£ Z*^^'" "«*: "'^.'^ *^' ^^0 miles of cable and'breeze for^^ard of sUrboaJj S^m ^ ''"'^ ^'"*"'^*^ °'^''- ^oden^te sea of^^^ll^Z'nt7d\2l':i'l^^^^^ '^' 9H440mi.es from meridian to meridian 141 2 mHes Qhin ^«t'»"''° run by patent log, breeze and moderate sea on star^. ^ tam '^ "^"^^ con^derably j strong hea^Tatn^t^rrol^t^ifl^ -' «-"^ ^'^d a^ out^Z^rrTn^^cf Ao^ b^Xtl "[ ^^' T "f^ ^'^^^^ moderate sea forward of sSkJIw. ^' * ""''''• ^'"^''^ '"^^^ *"^if^~.k-9m-* I'hf^'iy.^ri '•W* Spaiil H lUp, « F. A 6 6 < ft 6 « 6 8 S 6 :!M bthnnu. 6, 390 miles !eratc sea. liles of cable loderate sea 4, 440 miles patent log, blyj strong ; wind and ilea of cable breeze and >0 miles of heavy sea; Sptwl of ihlii. K. r. « 4 A 5 4 4 6 6 6 6 « T 7 S « S « s « < t OFFIOIAJL EEPOKT9. 319- Depth of water, from 1,800 to 8,886. Lutitude, 49 (ieg. M niln., N. Longitude, 46 deg. 87 tnln. W. I Knots of cable paSd out, 17T, 160.^ KnoUi run by snip, 151. I Loss, IS per cent. Remarks. From midnieht to 4.— At 12 58, 550 miles of cable out ; at 2 18, 560 mites of cable out ; at 3 38, 570 miles of cable out. Wind and .sea moderate. Distance by patent log, from noon Snnday to 4 p. m. Monday 106 J miles. From 4 to &-At 4 53, 580 miles of cable out; at (5 20, 590 miles of cable out • at 7 45 600 miles of cable out. Light breeze on starboard beam. Moderate sea. Ship rolling. At 5 20 commenced in new.cabl., which is verv dry, leaving the circles, and four m number. ,^„, ^„f,' , ffi 8 to meridian.-At 9 11, GIO miles of cable out; at 10 25, 620 miles of cable out ; at 11 47, 630 miles of cable out. Light wind and moderate sea forward of starboard beam. Patent log at noon, 141.3 «niles. • From meridian to 4.- At 12 50, 040 m.les of cable out; at 2 03 650 m les of cable out ; at 3 16, 660. Light breeze on starboard beam. Ship rolling "^"Frora 4^0 6.-At 4 42, 070 miles of cable out ; at 6 09, 680 miles of cable out Liirht breeze and moderate sea forward of 8tarlM)ard beam. •From 6 to 8.— At 7 40, 090 miles of cable out. Wind and sea same as nrevious watch. Distance since noon by patent log, 4/. 7 miles. •^ From 8 to midnight.-At 9 09, 700 miles of c*ble out; at 10 46, 710 mdes of cable out. Light wind and gently rolling sea, forward of starboard beam. Tuesday, August 3. ^__ Hoot. 1 2 8 4 B 6 1 8 9 10 11 W P. n I 2 8 4 & 8 9 10 11 12 I)yii«moiMl«r j^^, gitwa. 1975 1850 1»«00 1»0() 1778 1600 1650 1600 1450 1450 1»M) 1900 1200 1200 1300 1200 l'2rt0 below 1200 tclow 12(K) below 1100 lOOO 900 1000 1000 ISOO 1700 170O 1700 1700 IflOO 1600 1600 1400 1500 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1900 1200 1200 1200 1200 1000 1000 1000 1000 Angi* b( Rope Ainonnt per bou' by RolODHl«t. VerUo.l, Tk. 10- 8- 8° 8- 0" 6* 8" 8- 4" 4- 10" 4- N. B. S. 13* 12- 12- Il- ia- 15- 11- 11' 12 12- la- ta* u- ij. 12- 18- 96;i 818 500 WW 593 260 903 6<)» 709 2(m .siu aiK) ,^^o 50.S 8.'K) 803 Speid of ibip. 6 fiW 6 593 6 641 7 400 « l«(i S 31-0 5 813 6 6 6 5 6 C 5 6 8 4 4 « 4 4 4 4 4 I Kniit« run by ablp, 147. I Loa*, W p«r < ' Utlturt*, 49 deg. IT mm., loniU ifle, 49 28. Knoto of cable paid out,.Ul, TIB. Remarks. From midniKht to 4 a M.-At 12 28 x. m 720 miles ^l^^^Vf^ ^^^^ atl57A. M..730n»aeaof _cablopa.d c^ ^'J^^^ZrXz ?^- V£^^ DUtW^tent log, from 8 p. m. to 4 p. m., 43.1 miles. ;^f'; /,■-<. w *'• yf :r\ 820 THE, OCEAN TELEGRAPH. ]feiA>i 750^raTstfcabi:igV^S%S^^ At 6 15, cablo out. ' ^ '^" "'''-« °^ <'*^'e out; at 7-66; 770 milea of' 700 fathoms. At 9 61' p m TSOnfiSnf Zk T"""* P^"! «"t 772 miles of cable out. Set clock A 13 :^u te^' otTJr'' ^} ^^ "" ""•' ^''^ ">■■'«« miles- wmutes. distance run by pat«nt log, I34.5 cable out. ' "* ^ ^^' *^^° ""^'^s of ^^'^ble out ; "at 3 47, 820 miksTf' ^30 mrsl/^atlT^ur'^ "'^"' ^'*^ ^"''^^^ ^^^ 'J-ng the watch. miJnfr/^7f8To^Sre"'^fSle'4^^^^^^ ^0 « At 5 10^ p. M., 50.3 At 8 15, Wednesday/, August 4. Sfw^O or Sblf, 1 2 s 4 s e T 8 » 10 11 13 P. u. 1 2 3 4 6 6 T 8 9 10 ■11 13 IKW) 1100 noo 105(1 ftort 900 •800 »0U 8,50 8(H) 8(10 800 sno 800 1000 ■600 800 SiK) 600 COO 400 400 400 40O MOO 1000 1000 1000 900 9iK) 9m BOO 800 800 SOO 800 800 SOO 1900 m) 800 SOO 8(K) 800 400 400 400 400 f<- 8. 1 IS* 4' 4- IB- U' — 11" — 10' fetraiffhf. IB- S" ^■ IS'" 6" 12" 4" Il- 4- 8. ia- — 15- — »0" ~- IT i' 11' Straight 11" « B 6 B fi 6 6 7 T 8 r 7 . 4 8 fi 6 C 8 4 2 4 1 410 623 120 170 7H8 800 718 &18 6,<)0 270 118 660 353 660 ftM 818 820 2!>8 140 600 (HH 73g 820 190 6 6 6 6 6 6 a 6 7 s 2 i a 6 2 2 4. 6 7 fl 7 4 H I 6 (i 2 B 1 -« 2 6 U » LoB" « per ont. Dvpth of walcr from 742 to 200 fcthoms. vw Remarks. ■ ''x-- p. M on We/ne«l5,rdicatoToU^Ue8 * '"*' ^"^ "*"» Tuesday' to 4 miles. Sot the clock back ten minutes. 0,84a^ # ,ts- 1««^ r\ !• • OFFiaAL BEP0BT8. 321- am; At 6 15, 5; 770 milea of 3 forward cir* out 772 miles • M., 790 miles «nt log, 134.5 (8. A-t 12 44 , 820 miles of ch. At 5 10^ 8 p. M., 50.3 ;s. At 8 15, 870 miles of in' soundings. ,' Speid of Sblf, K. r. 6 2 6 t 6 6 s 6 6 6 2 2 a i 6 6 7 8 7 7 4 ;■! 6 8 .5 ft 6 2 B 1 «« 2 « 8 8 lO ftlboms. 3 08, 890 Qsday to 4 ilos ; at 8, 6d«y, 8 A. i O 50, W- lours, 14C Prom meridian to 4.— At 1 28, 960 miles of cable out ; at 3 10, 970 mUes. From 4 to 6. — At 5 10, 980 miles of cable out. Changed from wardvoom to quarter deck coil at 4 50 p; m., in order to cut out a fault which had been developed yesterday, when rotometer indicated 978 miles 406 fathoms paid out' From noon to 4 p. m., by patent log, 21.G jniles. From C to 8. — At 6 41, 990 miles of cable out. Distance run, by patent log, since noon, 41.1 miles. ^ • , '; From 8 to midnight.— At 9 38, 1,000 miles of cable, out ; at 12 00, 1,010 miles. At midnight the patent log indicated 58 miles run since nootii. . ^> - Thursday, August 5. ■ A Hsir. A.]i. DjnUMimUl Sltailk Brak* Stnin. Rotouelflr. K. F. Amounk-p«r hour by RotcmeUr. K. F. 8p««d of,«Up. K. r. 1 2 400 400 1.018 '600 1,01«- 600 4 00 8 00 2 fi 2 ■ " k^ t ' ' Bemarks. *. .._ From midnight to, 4 a. m. — At 1 45 ship came to anchor off telegraph house, Bay of Bulls' Arm. At 1 a. m.— Distance rufi, by patent log, since noon of previous day, ,62.6 milte.s. At 3 30, coiled IJ nuleS of cable aft, pre- paratory to the., end being tfken ashore in ships' Ipats. ,End oC cable wa.s- landed ashore at 5.15 a. m. ' k f . Total amojint of cable p»id*dut since making splice' in mid-ocean, 1,016 miles 600 fathoms. Total amount as per signal, per distance by the Agamem- non, 1,010. Total distance tun since making splice, 882 miles. " ,' Total percentage of cable paid out over distance run, 15, During the day 3 miles of cable was .senj ashore, at the request of Mr. De Sau.ty, for future usp. * k' ' THE LAYroa AND LANDINO "lOF THE CABLE GST THE EtmOPfiAN SIDE. As the history of the final expedition would necessarily be incomplete without the narrative of the laying and landing of the cable on the European side, we feel gratified in being able to lay before our readers the following ac-. count, which was written by the reporter of ihe'Loruiim Times, and which we *copv from that papcf: • In tjie face of difficulties and dangeo), the magnitude of which cannot be properly appreciated by those not engaged in the work, the engineers engaged in this undertaking hatei^th almost untiring energy, adhered to their all but hopeless ta«k with that perseverance which is sure, sooner or later, to lead to success. There were but few some twenty days ago who, after the unsuccess- ful return crfthe li^uadroato Queenstown, would have dared to predict such a speedy and glorious termination to all the trials and difficulties that the pro- moters of this undertaking have undergone. The final accomplis^ent of the scheme seemed indeed, up to the last moment, to hang upon afllir. Many serious difBcslties had to be encountered during the six days and a half that the operations lasted, any one of whk-h. had not chance favored us, roigkt have ruined the ex]pedition, and delayed tne advance of ocean telegraph* jjeK ' haps more than half a century. But the difficult task has now been accom-. plished, and it only remains for us to accept the benefits which it wilt an- doubtedly confer upon the community. Wonderfiil as the wccptioa of it!ii£ttTl6lS0Bt&i«itrim>KrttaB idniB«t TmioR^^ ^ now, jf«t 'A a very little thnfe Mople will the fiwt ; uid .without remembenng tho depths oftiie ocetti, may foTgtttbe marrel while profli 81 rebitfliettTI )roflfflg by '*■* "-,««!■ •:f=ft'•^.'- •4,.*, S«Rf»!»"W*TmT'- 4e#^ a. I <« «r 322 THK OOKAjr TELEGEAPH. ,y I ! 1 ' ! veara of anxious toil and discouragement which those who have geciired this nTt w^^lf ""Tri*?^ M.^« und^-gone to secure success, the wond^^Sl ^ not that the undertaking has been carried out at aU, but that it had not W, accomplished lofig before. It has sbeen the custom of mankind to honor the ' ient 2ln^'''?n'^ii''f'^' of great statesmen, successful warriors, anTeS nept divines. Indeed, of such materials are the links in the chain of historv ch efly com^psed. But those men who, by patient thought and p^rseveS action, have achieved victories over matter which secure to the ^mmS rcrli'^KT^'' "^^ °'"*«° ^''^^ ^^^^ t™»We fqr their r^rf It i^ rnsJ:^^.m'£l^V^"-'°*yj?*'*''" the case with those who havXn main y • instrumental in bringing this great scheme to a successful termination. ^ ♦1,0 "i be confessed that the prospects of success were very remote when the squadron left Queenstown on ,the 17th of last month. ThTamount ?!, recollection of three separate and most unaccountable breakages was still fresh m the minds of WI who had accompanied the first e:ipeditbn, and Sere wa^ ' ^afr T J^*w^'' for supposing that the very same thing might not ^c^ S™!4 fulfil al't;;!!^^'"^''!'^'""^-**''^''^ ^'"' "•'.''»« <^nt.^rs.rec^n- whMrJ? , ■ *o guaranteed reguirements ; and" the numerous accidents whK^h occurred might be due to the cable having become injured dS the ^le. This supposition, though it IBay be gratifying to Messrs. GlasTA Co was no consolation to either the engineers or the slSireholdoT^ Sr the^ XmT^: wilStS T.^'^t^'l^'h '"""y ''^^''^ the p^secuUon oft scneme as a waste of the shareholders' money. However in snite of the most "SSn?i^t^°h'*'; r-*""*^ ^'^' *'^*«" determlnedt dCt^hX ■ Gortr'?«!l^&**" ^^l ™?™'°^ of Satuixlay, the 17th of July, the Valorous, S f^ 1 Niagara, havmg completed coaluig, steamed away from Oueens ?h^mS'„ n' '•^"tr",'?'- '^^^ Agamemnon, l^;ing to wait fo^ PrSeSrw. on Wd'dT/f/'''' ^T^"""^ "^^"^ ^r"^ ''•"^ "'■ *»»° ^'eot""'! depart^* As theshit l^ft^ri^'',!!'*^'!?'""*" two o'clock on the foUowing morning AS the ships left the harbor, there was apparently no notice taken of their df- ^^^"^ ^^ those onshore or in iU vesseTll^chored arouTdS: eS one seemed impressed with the conviction that we were engaged in ahoS en .^f/t'/'"^*^^ ''l"u'"*™'^ '^'^^ ™ther to have slunfaway on som^d'a- ^ttStl?"''"'^.*'"^•*^ ^''^ «""«'*'■«•* t'^*' accomplishment of a giid wn hi^T-. "was just dawn when the Agamemnon got clear of Que^- town harhjjr, but as the wind blew stiffly from th6 south-west it was neX f^ri's^he wo'tr""'*^' the Old/Head of Kinsaie, a SancTof o^'l sKd aion^ fir^w ' ""T""!^ "1!' "^"""S ^^'^ ^h ""^ « the Agamemnon tKn wfdt^i and rocky shore of the soutUest coast of Ireland, those on board had an excellent opportunity of seeing the stupendous Tocks Ave o'ci^kT It T' '" '^^ ""oot grot^que and Ltastic s^^Tlhrnt the„^S1n?Jf^™•"^'i^^, ^^^^ ^ ^^ '«'* *h« •*»<* far b«Wnd us, and L I?m„ i^ the usual dull monotony of sea life. Of the voyage out there Lrmi „i f h^f^-"^- 'f ^ ""*, checkered by the excitementTf continual Wh to r^n^nr^'"" of perpetual calms, but wo had a suflBcient «imixture of both to render our passage to the rendezvous a very ordinary and uninterest- ^^kfo^rW^ of those fiatunl_ b««ot«r., Mother €i«y'a chtctenriHf— IreUhZh^tlf^^A'l'^''^'^ expectation of heavy weather. Vith every bttlo breeze of wind the screw wm got up and sail liade, so as to hus- ^fe^s^ijswsir^^ v.. OFFICIAL KEPOETB. 328* > Beciired this onder will be ; had not been I to honor the iors, and emi- ain of history d persevering le community ■eward. It is J been mainly lation. remote when tmount of ca- niles, and the ras still fresh nd there was ht not occur itors are con- >U8 accidents sd durihg the Glass & Co., Under these cution of the e of the most despatch the landoned the he Valorous, rom Queene- Prpfessor W. department ag morning. I of their do- 1 ; every one hopeless en- >n some dia- of a grand r of Queens- was nearly ce of only a Agamemnon of Ireland, idous Tocks 1)68. About ;h the coast nearly dark ry Bay and ind us, and 9 out there >f continual Imixture of uninterest- laually low, rc^eniLfhst lier. With tu to hUB- baM our coal as much as possiWe, but it generally soon fell calm, and obliged Captain Preedy reluctantly to get up steam agam. In consequence of these continued delays and changes fitjm steam to sail, and froin sad to steam again, much fuel was expended, find not more tlian eighty miles of disUnce made ^°**0^undS, the 25th, however, the weather changed, and for several davs in succession there was an uninterrupted calm The moon was just at the fall, and for several nights it shone with a brilhancy which turned the smooth .. s^a into one silvery shSet, which brought out the dark hull and white sails of the ship in stroni conti^st to the sea and sky, as the vessel lay all but mo- tionlcs, on the -ster, the very impersonation of solitude and repose. Indeed, until the rendezvous was gained, we had such a succession pf beautiful sun- Ss gorgcouk sunsets, aM tranquil moonlight nighte, as 7";ld»iave excited the iost enthusia^Mc admiration of any one1>ut persons situated a«J^ejere. But V us s^oh scenes' were regarded only as the annoying i°d)<»t>"n?;5 ^he ^m which delayed our progress and WMted our coal. In spi^ oj the u^u- •^al calmness of the weather in general, there were days on which our for- mer unpleasant experiences of the Atlantic were brought forcibly to our. ^llec&on-when it blew hard, and the sea ran suiSc ently high to reproduce ^a minor 5c^e some of the discomforls of which the previous cruue had ^enTo fruilfol. These days. hWer, were the exception, and not the rule, See^^to show how mucii more pleasant was the inconvenient calm than the weXr which had previously prevailed. By dint, however, of a judicious ^peTd !u^e of fuel, and'a liberalL\of the cheaper mot ve ^wer of sail «,e rendezvous was reached on the evenmg of Wednesday, the 28^h of July, just eleven days after our departure from Queenstown. . , The rest of the squadron were in sight at nightfall, but at such a wnsider^ able distance that it was past 'ten o'clock on the mormng of Thursdav, the Sth.^fo^ the AgamemWi joined them. Wo were as usual greeted by a SrfecUto^ of qu^tions as to what kept us so much behind our t.me.^and Ced thaVaU had come to the conclusion that the ship must have got on shJ™ on leaving Queenstown harbor. The Niagara, ,t appeared bad arrived at the rendezvous on Friday night the 23d, the Valorous on Sunday the 25th, and the Gonron on the afternoon of Tuesday the Zltb. , . ^ .. 'The day w^ beautifully calm,'80 ito titae was to be lost befor« making^the spliiTboYts were soon lowered fW the attendant ships, the two ve^ls made Suv a hawser, amf the Niagara's end of the cable conveyed on board the ASmemnon About half-pa^ twelve o'clock the splice was effectually m«ie, buT^Uh materials very di&rent from carefully-rounded sertucircular boards ' whi.* had been used tb inclose the junctions on previous occasions. It con- listed merely of two straight boards hauled over the joinmg, jritb the iron rSVnd3eVplummet,atUedto the centre. In hoisting it out from the side Ke shSbowever, the leaden sinker broke short off and fell over^ard and ?liereSn^ more' convenient weight at hand, a thirty-two pound shot was foLtenS to Sie splice instead, and the whole apparatus was quickly dropped Ste the sea, without any foraiality, and, indeed, almost without a spectator for tb^ ^n board the ship had witnessed so many beginnings to^the teW eraphteUne that it was evident they despaired of there ever being an end to it ^hfstipSated 210 fathoms of cable having been paid out to "Uow the spho., to Lk well below the surface, the signal to sfaui; was hoisted, tbo hawser o^ loo^ and the Niagara and Agamemnon started for the last time for their op- ^L'l^fituhre. hours tho ships proceeded veryslowly, P»^ o«t* g«at quantit y of slack, but after the expiraUon of thw time^heBDecd of the ====^^MeSnOT was uicreSsecHo abon^^fiva tost* p^ smv^ "S^Tlfii-r:^ ,7SS ffit six without indicating more than a few hundred pounds of stram u^ £ (^.l^mometer Stlf after stx o'clock a very large whale was, se«i ap. 1 I r ,i •'i .m m*y^i '.^^^ ej^V "i Wn i ' j wiw ><- S34 THE OCBAN TEUCOBAFH. 11 • • I J Mr / / \ In:! I"; tion that our sSond Ssterio^brXTfnf It *'«'.l»«»>"'ty of the BuppoBi- rfit w^ making din«t for th?ffiTLd^t w A""^^^^ ponderous I vimr mass was seen klnJi^tr. ZT ^ ■ ""«f o' »" when the where it entere3thrwX^tfortJLSfl-.ti!J*I^J'"* «^^8 *''« «»"« ^ All seemed to go wdl up to abSnSf ov£" 7^"^ U?^ °'^.?'''«^ the hold with an ey^miLdT^l^^Z^T^' *H« "'"o paid out from fectly it had been SSTy • 3 t^ iS* ^^"''.'^ h^wcarefuUpr andper- trWin <»n8^snen^of tKble hayS^^Sr^^^^ ™^t indicated stram unon tha dvZ^^ "uflered mjury during the storm, the 1,700 lbs., orTssS JntqS whS'th^'lw'^'' '^^''^*^ f^ beyond thus far every thinir looV^l^Zi^^Jr '^^^'^ w estimated to bear, and work, no one kSwKa few Sf/ '"^^ ,®"> ^ ""-^^ » hazardous an injured por™f X <4le wT^S.^.^^L'"^ **'"*''' f"' «~» ^ft^r eight, portion payVoat Not a mo^fi^rr?^ about a mUe or two fromV duty, iu «linVm;n to lork ^ «lwf n^f f J ^■^ ^'^^L^^^ engineep^ permit, for the^cable wm Sg oui "sul a 4"' ^ tensJeidteSt folwS*^ idJ^^ ^^ '^'Z^'^ » •««»« "f «« most ia- po«uble speed iidSg oitXtiS^^ZShV^'" ^"^^^ u*''« ^*^^ juncUon ^Id be fl^D*^brforo tte^ C^«^S ^Llt''^*^ ^^^ workmen. The main hold DreMnted^«^?!J^?^ "*''^ *** '^'"•^ "^^ **» officers of the shirMdrfth^^JrJ?^".^!"'^*^^^^ neariyall the about the ooil, tftotoglSKr^eTf th^^^^ f^ ^ «^«"P« itself nearer Mid nei^tL ioinf ^SfsiTrt.^ the cable, as U slowly unwound purpose, «ithe cablHrwj uK«Sj ,SC?hnn^^L^^^ *** °° and desperate resource, th^e^TS^.u^u^^^'^^^ i* • ^"* tes,the sUp hu^b^SendTp^aSl^^^r't:^ h>A^tTtZ^TTJT^ having^, «r;iy saved the cable ■^•tmfiifm^.. ing tbesMkinto of the sapposi- m been tik^sed It appeared aa of all when the "ing the cable mi8chic£ paid out from reftiUjandpet- 3 which might the storm, the to go beyond 1 to bear, and :h a hazardous •on after ei two from lio enginee:, _ as time would naged portion ler experience cable, would, orted that the 1 was still per- "obable source at th&t point, tionofailjthc .11 probability or it was en- 38, and in tju ud to be per- Mid out tlUUD the most la- the greatest Me, that the lands of the lariyall the odin groups riy unwound >y Mr. Can- anofiKtured, fe and death Ml was to no id, as a last r a few mio- s only for a md it wot^d > was miide 5d the cable was still as iting. Pre- iUcvaodto OB tomalce nents were IvMf AT^'W*'-'** 'i;-?.:^~iSi-^.^-, OVFIOIAL KEP0KT8. 325 watched closely for. the returning signals; when, in a few minutes, the last hone was extincuished by their suddenly indicating dead earth, which tencjed to show that the cable had brolsen from the Niagara, or that the insulation had been completely destroyed. . . . ^u • * i In three minutes, however, every one was agreeably surprised by the intel- ligence that the stoppage ha morning of Priday'the 30th, every thmg went wfeU; the stop had been kept at the speed of aW flve-knots, the c^le paid out at about S? thTaverTge angle with the horizon at which it left the ship being about 15 'dbg , wWle the indicated strain upon thedynamometer seldom showed more thanXeOO pounds to 1,700 pounds. Observations made at noon «bowed that we had made good ninety mUcs from the starting point since the previous dav I^hanexpendUure, including the loss in lowering the splice and dumg the 2eJuentWm«8, of 135 miles of the cable. During the latter por ion of Ky the baSier fell considembly and towards the evening it bl^ almost a gale of wind from the eastward, ^ ahead «f ^"'T • .^^ *^>^ freshened the speed of the engines was gradually increased, but the wind more SnSe^d inproportion, to that before the sun went down, the Agamemnon irJL SS st^m^inst the wind, only making a speed of about four knots ^oC^Dur ng the elening topmasts werelowercd, and spars, yards, sa.l^ and todS ever" thing aloft that could offer resistance to the wind, was sentdow^ ^nSkTbut 8t,°f the ship made but little way, chiefly »°J»°3°^,?f *^« hlvv sea. though tffe enormous quantity of fuel consumed showed us that if S^nd^S, we should be reduced to burning the masts, spars, and even *''%firdrbe^ Z PJXS^^^ to i^eet with bead ^nds which- ever v^^he K head was turned. On our journey out we had been delay- ^LTobiid to consume an undue proportion of coat-tor want of an^tojjy winTand nC all our fuel was wanted because of one.^ ^^TT' wh^.^? Mxt dS the wind gradually went around to the south-west wh:ch, though it J^teedYv^ hea4 sea,.aiowed us to husbuMl our smaU remainmg store **^^At noon on Saturday, the 3l8t of July, observations at noon showed usto be in iSde 52 deg. 23' N. and longitude 26 deg. 44 W., having made good m mites of distanSj since noon of tTie previous day, with a loss of about 27 iS S of caW? The Niagara, as far as could be judged from the amount of ^ifrfieoaW out which W a previous arrangement was signalled at every tmSl Cpt pao^ wUh us, witfcp one or two miles the whole distance acr^ss^ During the iernoon of ^iturfi^, the wind again freshed upland befcte S^l it a^ain blew neaky a gale of wind, and a tremendous sea rw h^ Km the south-west, which made the Agamemnon pitch to such an ertent iKwas thought impossible the cable could hold ^l^^J^\^^h indeed, had it not been for the constant care and watchftilness «««^^ Jj Mr.B^ght and the two energetic engineers Mr. p*«f'%»°^i*^,'S?f'S^ whotctid with him, it could not have been done at all. Men were kept at The whSs oftto machme to prevent, their stoppmg as the "te™ of the^p jS^^ fbll with t he sea, for had they done so the cablemu Bt undoubtedly "^^St>nd.ythe««.SwiSl.^^ it^BRSw- -'"A i , . » i i ' . ir?;}p 326 THE baSAS TBLBOKAPH. i. If w.teh.ndw,t(* alternately everf ^^0^^ j'^"??"'"*'^''. ^^^^ to ke« thet reJe«„„g the brakes ercrytZXl ^^^fT 'f *?^ •"*"»«"». for «i " rL**"!.!?* r ""'y *»Pended iZ Setv of thfLK. ''*' 'h. '^'^ '"^ ^^^ trough SJ^.'rf *f »»«^ their duty. &u^hou?tt' '-"f"'! "-"l' -how. how had the least expectation of tlia «»ki1 1/ li^ * *°^ "'KF there were few who £«n which should announce the faHar„ of » ""^i •^T^^'^ to hear_;riz:, the which, m companion with the shnf^mlhKT ^^'- ^«t still the able tic waves among which it wm dcU^^ jJ^t\'* "^^^H ««*•'«' the S hdd on ohiy leaving . silve^ phX&r£l * "Tu '^^^ continnTj, Wi "'' ^^"^ *••« ^^yoospnorous hne upon the sfupendoua seas m -ain?d &Tayl";rntrjrnTtt^ ^^^'--^ «"" *"« ^•^ . Jaii^e nigh, tLt our^See?"* S-tu^^,-i^«£^^^^^^^^ teatpT3?S.' ?^ S^oiS rr 26' N.. and Ion. 23" 16' w or 2,400 ftthoms, and over more than half of fh!T^ ^*'"' "^"P^^* soundini? the amonrt of cable still rema^ine fai th« ih^ ^^ '^'"^'" &«"«"«%. whilf ««7 n. to the Irish coast, e^aZZi^ltA "T """' ^^^'^ suffld^.t S should oblige us to pay out the sartHl^ f continuance of the bad weather •rto^^*'"?- Thus^^artirnVlSXr^vll*^"^**^^^^ ««. But former experience show^^ IZ ^t^""?' ?? ^?!: ""f «'timate suc- ■npiHwe that some a^ddent miKht nor.^ir ^,.fT^J that we could nevw landed on the opposite shores * "''* "«« untjl the ends had been tZw boi^Saf "evt^a^itU^'^^Cj^fh ""™;"^.*'''' --*''- -tinned as Mgmeer npon dut> th^t^^Zh^J^lu'^T "'^«''»tig»ble exertion^ oFth^ Criy^^'^ndTuSlll^^^^^^ Mru^;;;^.fts^^^ ?hi|^«jr?^t'rKt\:?:^tftrt?" t -®-'' '^"p^^tS >, tk cable never paid itself out^A fL *^°'^ *^!?*' '^'°g "nresilwiv u^ the time the ship CSat the rT^?''^ '^'^ *'^»" «?»* knotstofoKt however, when the Bpe^tZnMp^ni^^^ f "^^^ Su£q„ently never ran out so qufdt . The nxSi^T^j ^ *" ''"ots and a half, the cahl« 52° 35' N., tomritadB ft'o iS^ \ observations shiwed us to ^ i„ utifa.,i. ^^.rsri^^aa:^^^^^^^^ I »' .*«< :;^'S"''^?||^*^*'" .!^i''' itru.'-xt- n^v.Ui'i- s^; UfcngagedJnthe le two cngiiHKtTj ■Pr, had to keep duty durst not moment, for on into the trough suit shows how B were few who I "nd many re- hear— «z,, the ; still tho cable, «nd the gi«n- 1, continued to endoua seas as ; still thesl^ Jnt squalls of teop up, if not i^ugh so much Id was much n- 23° 16' W., id about 360 pest sounding neraHj, while sufflciejit to ' bad weather ad been hith- ultimate suc- 1 could never ' been fairly continued as •tions of the opping alto- »ey did couu^ p them moT- » of the ship id upon the Jtered 1,700 fiwquently peed of the !tedly upon I An hour at bsequently If, the cable >wto this abal^ the in latitude » noon of oatedestH iuehafler- rdt»wn4 >ra across I our bowB. A (vJ!i>jiw, frtji '; -. .ArjA tnn>»c AtAl to the cable, now seemed inevitable, or 'viiiKi i^uty ij^, •>,.'■)•-< «v CHt* 'tjually hazardous expedient of alterinf? the '\^;iiiit>rtj^..j"V«« 'Vuti Vftloroua steamed aliead, and flrod a guu for hor t') Itta*"* •>;. «s4t' b. v jdw- ilwi not appear to take much notice d^ was quickly fi.II<^e»tnlationB in due fenu, (iw *rrU«ir*irff )«rtOOT«>»''P with whiob we mjianled tlio rrwA tvhich, either l>y Ax f-.pirtit^ or <*V>V)i*«o!in! «i" thi>nc oi honni w«* c>> i»<»ar adding a fata! arH ..m-^pp 't4«l lOsiitluk^ i» tht^ iuttfi Lu»jH>}r •)! vxi- ^oiits whirti had already l>eon en/J, ut^f Wfi't/ ^«* '''»(*«'■ '-1- If Uvw* below ••ho tjf c/MiiWi did not see th«: •*>!»» ftjijsiftaflji'rf tM- t^'«tA ,t Uvt: ih^m. gun r«n« !i5t«>!> it »# it- ■ nijiiwl •^? '}»« lvTief!,!ii» cWkhe cable. TtiR (Utujcr inblcs were d »i«»r.eiit r»i'' - ^-rtj-'n-i t ii*ii imvi*- up the hat^hf^K ta the deck, but IxP,/?*? it-aeWijjE tt their Wn »• -i^ i«>rkly bani^ed liy 'iii ri»port »«f the succe'-liitu ^un, which all knew *«'ll i...,.M )r»iy be caused Wj a ship in our way or s n«u <»wrboard. Throutrh lUt the ki <^ter portion o." Monday monaoft the eloctrlcAl Hij^nalit from the Niagdiu hii,3 imni getting gnidu*Uv w^tr, uatii tticy cewicd iilto^ gether for nearly 4h^re ^iia«-t«ni of an ho»ir Oar >in«f«rtifi*s8, however, was in some degrc<' l«fl««n«>d hy iho fact that the Mtot^tutfpi a(i()v«riMt to lie a want of continuity, ahd pin ar»y def^-t in insulatum, ^ni ih'itt' was <'«)n8equpntly every reason to suppotar thai ft might aris*! fci'irn {f^l^ .•/mietUgn on troand the Niagara. Aocontinffiy Profwwor Thomson siMtt n it>as<(a,T« ta tU.' fffeet that the sig;nal» were too wuftk Ur l<«> rmA, and. as if they 1»»<1 ?»■■?») tj^viutinn «nMih a signal to increase Uieir baUc>-y fmwer, tno dcflcot'oHS iinio . ^'.I'-ftiy n-tur.KJd even stronger than they W t'Vsf lieon before. To»ai;1. tijt (sjwii^; N-»- evcr, they again declinea «t> fo>ve fwa short time. W\t5« tls. «f«=v4»t,'(wi flf these little stoppages the ole«iirii>»l cjr.ditbn of tho «ttbBk«*|>:^'si n it\- »h«(«iw| to be miich nn)^>rov«d. It was evifiout Shnt the low (4>f^i>«riiittir>- >! it««jira*«r at iht impwumi dopth im{noved coiwttdeittbly the insulating pro}>: rtw** -^ t|v^ jsntf* i^reh*, whi'r tho enormous pTt>s«ur« to which it roust haw hwrn x>tkf idiitiH t/ftr??*fclv traded to consolidate its »exliure,and to fill up any K>i kmhh'n-- ir r^Jghl %itt*« ii: miuku!^(>ir«) whicii miiy liavo existed. 'She w«*4ii»r«!»'^* J^j^*}*)* ni^ht looderated a little, but stiil tht-r*- **♦ ^ mry- h^Xf m.yt nap ^'liwh pitimaifin-^ th« wifts evwry second minute. Aif^t«»t ityjijfc. .vVuVit- ''V ')^^«3ivlar Kt<>ei«Jna ail. u« board were startled from thoJ/ lMi» I'T >!*» "i^iiflf ^^•■ivasii^ ol * ^iiik, jBvep)' one, without waiting for the perfimruM^^ am' iim tP'M ^^^vj^Uh t^^A^i, nMhed on deck to ascertain tKi cause of thtt mi, uMiU^ tt^^ii^t^ioNli «f «s'U- jf^t-^NN^dinf, was standiag rljfht fei^Hw ot>r «|i*« aat*. i*.^ aivl s^tR>#6K*| »#K»*«j!»tt'<>»i»^«>* (^>fB * h"mt 0mi ^vm*m ^U^ vtkjf or .Tifly" *;l4i^w kgr (BraB'ii®*:^ '»»».i} il».p T;-gpTifTr5ps,U*Mi^.«|S* NtfeyMii te'vs te ufS^yi w*v !s!*4 >^*»s^* hw i» ik-'iu-*i**»-'*5i*^srffS v.^fj;.. . (■">■ '■■f ai'^r. 398 TH« OOEAIT TRUCOKAPH: J' "■r .ik week^b?t JfiTiT^""'' *'""' '^^ *•"?? "y ''^ ^ experienced for nearlr » frTfr^^mL !,^^"\T1".'''^"'*'™^'« "»• ninning.and our duinm were S^nTiJKT^' yet the hope, of our ultimate «ucS;« ran high. We^ »oomphshed nearly *he whole of the deep sea portion of the roX in ^ jSrewL «;""*''"■ *'^."?',*."°*^^°™'»'* circlmiHtanoes posHihIe 5 theS '•"""jj'*' should accomplish the remainder. Observationfr at no» '*».^ '^ st^rt-'d from -^iTw ■ *^ therefore ooiigrattltaM o«m.lTe8 on havinir saVed a Lviiw ,mi h. ■ . '^•ter WW shallow, so that there was ro Acuity in ^s^^ :izir^^^i:^j •- ^^ ^-^^ -^ "^^ •-•^<^ -po-' he deck twi'?n'*W "'"' .K '" ^^'^ T"'"* *'»•> •»«»"I «'h«°Ke from the upper v^N exchln^H"^" the orlop deck was safely effected, a^d shortly after the th^U^uJ^^ aT'^" "'?^ thfty t^ere In IWo hundml fethoms ^ter. As wo we™ o^vZw% 'r*^ f **»' ^*? ""^ ^^"«^' "" ** ^«« known tlj? the SkeK T iS.? 1 ^'''^^' m the mommg. About twelve o'clock, howere^ t?~r^r^"^"^^^^^^^^^ J'h^^'J^o^^d^^^^^^^^^ ^«Pt«^er o^^^ w,«rr;^K» r/ «""^««>a the wdd and picturesque neighborhood of Valontiit rose r^ht before us at a few miles' distance. Never, probsblv w« tlwS S^?^ 'S f i***^ T'^.^'.r- "'^ •^'««"" «<=hemes which was ever unde^ fcrth ^a llfl^f '"' *^"''''* "^^ ,T^^ melancholy swamp on the fZ erf Ke^nn r^L r^ ^ JT "fj "^ ''*^"'** '«''« ^«»'«' '* « pletea^t prospect ; but, H nminifin- T^°^ °'^*5"' stccp mountftins which surround iis shores and t whl^ *-\?"-'*?".^"^''™"?'''P«''^''ich hung upon hem.irwaTa fc^f fl ^^•^''* '^^ "? ^"*y ^'*'» -ay thing that could b« p^L^ by t^ most florid imagination of an artist ^ " '^ ■ "" proawxtj py oi^ l?°t °°/hore was apparently conscious of our appwwch. ao the Vak)rt.«» ste f'*'n '^ "'e.™°"th of the harbor and fired a*^ Ikth shJpS mX teu) ^7„,°°"''" B*7. and about six o'clock came tTanohor at KKf excitement to ^^^^.T;^"^^^^, "^it^^^s.^ r • '< jf. j^g^w^ih v^«% * -'s-'/ ■/.t J[,» .^ sd for nearlj a p duigem were iiigh. We hmd oitte in safety, ihle; therefore accident shonld 6» 7' 40" W., lonntam whioh, ' 1, and the eflfect upon the cabliL A ^rest deal th might exist, th« shoal water 18 the changing > most dif^lt jiree-and four Irst on which started from iTing saTcd a At I toon we tcleg;raph stn- 10 difficulty in akcd upon the >m the upper Drtly after the js water. As 1 known that no advantage ock, however, I stennied on ect ««, whi(^ Mr. Moriarty, own coui^e, ij mountwns of Vatentia, was tlh» fcight ) one of the i ever nndcr- I the faoe of pospect; but, oep Moft pHr- Rnores, and im, It was a prodmu'd t)y the Valontua 1 ships made t the side of tnts hcearae ». ami Imn- m gemiffT was thaeat M OFlKHAli '"BKPORTS. 3219 inD: r '^wcre got ready, 10 of Iwding th« ^ of boats left the the detaolunont of rl«. but • messenKT was immfediately despatched for him, and ho soon her Majesty's gunboat Shamrock. Soon after our arrival a signal from Uie Niagara that they were preparing to laitd, liaving paid 1^1 miles of cable, while the Agamemnon had accomplished hor 'distance with an expenditure of 1,020 miles, making the total "Mre submerged 2,050 geograpliical miles. • ;lmmcdiately after 3hor, the paddlebf)x boats of the Valoroi ^^. cable coiled away in them, for the pur- , ,/tti IM* '"* **** afternoon before the prooor-* ^hiSTWMicr a salut» of three rounds of small arms fr™, -_- mannes oaSoa«ithe Afimemiion, under the command of Lieutenant Morns The proghiss faf the end to the shore was very slow, in consequenoo of the very stiff ^nWWch blew at the time, but at about three o'clock tho end WM Htdly brought in shore at Knightstown, Valcntia, by Mr. Bright and Mr. Canning, the cttlfeTand second engineers, to whose exertions the success of the underUking is^attributablc, and the Knight of Kerry. The end was mune- diately laid in ihe trench which had been dug to receive it, while a royal salute, maldng the neighboring r6cks and mountains reverberate^ announced that the comto^ication between the Ol.T a. 1 the New World had been comDleted. The end was immediately taken into the electric room by Mr. Whitchouse, an* attached to a galvanometer, Mid the message was received through the entire leogt^ • THE E!N1>. H^ ^■^■■■:. f--^ ««# 7 ' ->-?• '¥'■ inoa noDlB.